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Marine Corps Air Station, Cherry Point, North Carolina 2/1/91 [OA 6855] [2]
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Marine Corps Air Station, Cherry Point, North Carolina 2/1/91 [OA 6855] [2]
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Originally Processed With FOIA(s): FOIA Number: S S FOIA MARKER This is not a textual record. This is used as an administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential Library Staff. Record Group/Collection: George H.W. Bush Presidential Records Collection/Office of Origin: Speechwriting, White House Office of Series: Speech File Backup Files Subseries: Chron File, 1989-1993 OA/ID Number: 13745 Folder ID Number: 13745-006 Folder Title: Marine Corps Air Station, Cherry Point, North Carolina 2/1/91 [OA 6855] [2] Stack: Row: Section: Shelf: Position: G 26 21 2 5 Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet (George Bush Library) Doc. No. / Type Subject/Title Date Restriction Classification 01. Cover sheet Col. John A. Dubia to Bill Sittmann, Re: President's Proposed n.d. (b)(1) C Visit to Seymour - Johnson AFB, NC (1 pp.) 02. Memo Col. John A. Dubia to Bill Sittmann, Re: POTUS Visit to 01/29/91 (b)(1) C Seymour - Johnson. (1 pp.) 03. List USAF Operation Desert Storm Casualties, Hostile. (1 pp.) n.d. (b)(1) C 04. Memo Col. John A. Dubia to National Security Council, Executive 01/29/91 (b)(1) C Secretary, Re: Information for President's Trip to DoD Installations - 1 Feb. 91. (1 pp.) 05. Memo Col. John A. Dubia to National, Security Council, Executive n.d. (b)(1) Secretary, Re: Information for President's Trip to DoD Installations - 1 Feb. 91. (1 pp.) 06. List Re: Operation Desert Shield / Storm casualties. (1 pp.) n.d. (b)(1) C 07. Memo Col. John A. Dubia to Bill Sittmann, Re: PA Input. (1 pp.) 01/29/91 (b)(1) C 08. List Re: Deployments to Persian Gulf Region. (1 pp.) n.d. (b)(1) C Page 1 of 1 Collection: Record Group: Bush Presidential Records Office: Speechwriting, White House Office of Series: Speech File, Backup Subseries: WHORM Cat.: File Location: Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina 2/1/91 [2] Pinksheet Number: RML1615 OA/ID Number: 13745-006 Date Closed: 10/29/2004 FOIA/Sys Case #: S Re-review Case #: 2004-2265-S P-2/P-5 Review Case #: JAN-31-1991 10:15 FROM JACKSONVILLE N.C. TO 12024566218 P.01 OFFICE OF PRESIDENTIAL ADVANCE COVER PAGE TO: Bob Simon FROM: Stacey Roche/Advance chewy Point TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES: 7 (including cover page) DATE: 1/31/91 TIME: 10:00 am 456-6218 MESSAGE: Info on Key Wives program. cartact at progrum Kathy Theden (919) 466-3033 IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS OR PROBLEMS WITH THE TRANSMISSION PLEASE CALL. TELEPHONE NUMBER: JAN-31-1991 10:15 FROM JACKSONVILLE N.C. TO 12024566218 P.02 HISTORY The Marine Corps has long recognized the need for "taking care of our own" in combat and in garrison. However, in 1981 the accuracy of this idea was questioned by the 2d MAW Commanding General. Increasing evidence showed that more Marines were married. and that their families were facing problems alone with little involvement or assistance from the Marine Corps. High divorce and family violence rates. along with the increased number of Marines returning from deployments prematurely due to family problems, was resulting from the decrease in human resources available to units. A dependents' survey was conducted in October 1981 and provided insights into the types of problems 2d MAW families were facing and suggested activities which could confront these problems. A steering committee was formed consisting of a Marine Major, Marine spouses and a program development specialist. Together they designed a system to both minimize and prevent some problem areas via education, and to expedite problem resolution for spouses via a unit wives support network. In January 1982, funding was requested via COMCABEAST and initial courses were taught to volunteers from MAG-32, VMA-331, and H&MS-32. In 1984 the original 40 hour course was divided into two separate courses (Family Readiness and Key Wife Training) to meet the requests of spouses who wanted the personal coping skills portion but did not want to volunteer as Key Wives. This change also allowed the instructor to better screen volunteers for the Key Wives training. Currently, detailed training manuals and program materials allow this program to be easily duplicated. The 2d MAW Family Readiness personnel have consulted with the commands at 29 Palms and Camp Lejeune and assisted them in establishing their own programs. Program materials have been sent in response to requests from Army, Air Force and Coast Guard installations throughout the world. JAN-31-1991 10:16 FROM JACKSONVILLE N.C. TO 12024566218 P.03 IMPLEMENTATION The Family Readiness Program consists of two separate but interrelated components. The first is preventive and educational. It is a 20 hour Family Readiness Class intended to increase spouses' coping and effective living skills as they relate to stress in the Marine Corps lifestyle. Participant evaluations and pre/post testing results indicated that graduates exhibit: Higher self-esteem Higher level of emotional maturity Increased understanding and respect for the Marine Corps Increased knowledge of Station and area resources Decreased feelings of isolation Increased personal coping skills Increased confidence in their ability to handle their own and their families problems. These findings suggest that class participants will be more satisfied with the Marine Corps lifestyle and will utilize base resources in a more effective and appropriate manner. Also since spouses were by far the most important personal influence on the reenlistment decision (Who Stays/Leaves and Why 1985) units with more representation in these classes should show a larger percentage of reenlistments. This is consistent with "2d MAW 7th Month Retention Review FY89." The second component of the Family Readiness Program is the Key Wives Support Structure. These groups of volunteer spouses work at the unit level to provide families with a communications link with the Command, and serve as a source of personal support during a time of need. Volunteers receive a minimum of sixteen hours of training in effectively accomplishing these tasks. The unit Key Wives are organized in various ways and have different goals to accomplish the above mission in each unit, according to the number and skills of the volunteers, the mission and unique needs of the squadron. and the CO's directives and degree of support. PROGRAM UTILIZATION Current program policy states that Key Wives exists at the unit level at the Commanding Officer's discretion. This program JAN-31-1991 10:17 FROM JACKSONVILLE N.C. TO 12024566218 P.04 has successfully operated in every type of unit i.e. deploying, non-deploying, training, MALS. Wing Medical, etc Presently there is no inspection of this program. Accordingly, Wing utilization varies with each change in the Wing, Group and Squadron Commanders. Overall it appears that the Commanding General's active support of this program is a major factor in Wing utilization. It influences the degree to which the Wing Family Readiness Office has access to Group and Squadron Commands in order to brief them on the benefits of supporting this program. Past experience indicates that if Commands receive an orientation to the program they are more likely to support the Key Wives group in their unit. Past Command orientations were accomplished by inviting all CO's, XO's and their spouses and new FRO's to a one hour orientation. Two of these were held each year. For those Commands not represented, a follow-up letter was sent asking for an appointment to explain the program personally. JAN-31-1991 10:17 FROM JACKSONVILLE N.C. TO 12024566218 P.05 FAMILY READINESSOXFAMILY READIMESS FAMILY READINESSOOPAMILY READINESSORFAMILY READINESS TODAY'S MARINE CORPS. TAKING CARE OF ITS OWN! Today, within the 2d MAW, is a dynamic, aggressive Family Readiness Program and Key Wives structure. This program works, and it works for you! The 20-hour Family Readiness Course focuses on skills necessary for personal well-being: CP Self Esteem Listening Skills Beliefs & Expectations : Assertiveness Problem-Solving 1 Family Adjustment USMC Information ** Goal Setting The Key Wives class is a 16-hour class designed for those individuals who wish to be Key Wives within their squadron. This course concentrates on: OF Key Wives Overview as Helping Objectives 50 Helping Skills " Crisis Dynamics 00 Teamwork as Resources Your Family Readiness/Key Wife Program at Cherry Point is a great place to learn, make friends and develop skills necessary to enhance your military lifestyle not merely endure it! FAMILY READINESS 466-3236 JAN-31-1991 10:17 FROM JACKSONVILLE N.C. TO 12024566218 P.06 KEY WIVES SUPPORT STRUCTURE The Key Wives Support structure is made up of volunteer spouses of Marines of all ranks. These volunteers express & desire and committment to provide a variety of support services to families within the unit to which their husbands are attached. They are appointed by the unit's Commanding Officer and attend & training program designed to prepare them for serving as a Key Wife. MISSION The mission of Key Wives is to promote unit readiness and a self sup- porting, cohesive squadron community by providing families with infor- metional, emotional, and referral support. KEY WIVES FUNCTIONS Since the direction of all Key Wives groups comes form each unite' commanding officer, tasks may vary from squadron to squadron depending on the C.O.'s requests and his determination as how to best meet the overall mission. However, the following functions are fairly typical of those provided by Key Wives. A. They serve as a communications link between the command and wives. B. They provide 8 personal lisison from wives to the command. families. C. They dispense information and serve as a referral guide for D. They promote social and interpersonal support activities and opportunities. Most groups provide these functions by organizing 8 telephone tree to maintain contact with unit families and pass periodic information and as a means of establishing relationshipe with unit wives. In this way each family is acquainted with a Key Wife which they yould feel comfortable using as a resource during a time of need. Quarterly or monthly neweletters are another means of maintaining contact with families and of dispensing information. Many units have organized welcoming committees to personally visit newcomers and welcome them into the unit. These visits are often used to orient the new wife to the Key Wives Program and base facilities and to invite them to upcoming social events. Key Wives in several units frequently sponsor "all wives" social and educational events along with unit family pienice and parties. The majority of social events center around deployments and are initiated to provide wives and children with social activities at a time when many feel socially isolated. Telephone answering machines are utilized by some units Key Wives during deployments, These provide wives with a 24 hour a day celephone deployment. number which dispenses accurate, updated information regarding the JAN-31-1991 10:18 FROM JACKSONVILLE N.C. TO 12024566218 P.07 Other tasks which Key Wives may assume include sending cards or flowers to unit families at the time of births, illnesses, or deaths, organizing babysitting co-ops, maintaining forwarding addresses of wives temporarily leaving the area during deployments, maintaining & talent or resources file of unit wives willing to teach or volunteer their skills for gatherings (Example, crafts, nursing, cooking), organizing car pools for unit sponsored events, and assisting with pre-deployment briefs. ORGANIZATION At the squadron level, each Key Wives group is usually organized around a coordinator and steering committee. The C.O. officially appoints the coordinator with varying means of input from other Key Wives. The steering committee is generally made up of three Key Wives, one representative from the enlisted, staff 3 and officer's ranks. These four Key Wives serve as the leadership for the group and maintain contact with the Commanding Officer or his appointed Family Readiness Officer. The coordinator and steering committee divide up the leadership and orga- nizational tasks of their group. They may each chair 6 separate commit- tee such as fund raising, newsletter, greeting committee, roster updating, social events, etc. This group's military point of contact is the Squadron Family Readiness Officer. He/she will meet with this group periodically to plan for future events, clarify and update directives from the C.O., update the roster, pass along information, concerns and problem areas for the C.O.'s attention. The Family Readiness Officer also is available to Key Wives for advice and assistance with military related problems which Key Wives may encounter in their contact with families. At the group level, each Group C.O. appoints a Group Family Readiness Officer and Key Wives Advisory Council Representative. The Group F.R.O. provides a military contact point for Key Wives when the squadron F.R.O. has deployed along with the unit. With the exception of New River which has squadron Rear Detachment Officers. He/she also serves as a represen- tative of the Advisory Council. The Family Readinas Advisory Council is made up of all group F.R.O.'s and Group appointed wives respresentatives. It is the main communication link between the Wing and squadron Key Wives and F.R.O's. The Wing Family Readiness Officer and Wing Key Wives Coordinator are available to assist Key Wives with coordinating Wing Key Wives events and training. The Key Wives Support Structure is, appointed and directed by each individual squadron C.O. Accordingly, the organizational structure of each Key Wives group may differ from squadron to squadron to meet the squadron's needs. Even similar commands may have differently organized programs. Refer to the Family Readiness/Key Wives Organizational Chart for the wing organization and lines of communication. NUMBER OF PAGES: 10 (INCLUDING COVER PAGE) FROM: REFERENCE SECTION PHONE: 433-3483 OPR CODE: HDH -2 TO: MS. CAROLYN CAWLEY ORG: WHITE HOUSE ROOM: 91 JAN 29 P12: 18 DELIVERY INSTRUCTION: REQUEST NOTIFY RECIPIENT UPON RECEIPT. REQUEST DELIVERY TO: DELIVER DURING NORMAL DUTY HOURS ADDT'L INFO: REQUEST RECIPIENT ACKNOWLEDGE RECEIPT CALL: 433 - 3483 JAN 29 '91 12:15 P.1/10 HEADQUARTERS UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS MARINE CORPS HISTORICAL CENTER WASHINGTON NAVY YARD WASHINGTON. D.C. 20374-0580 HISTORY AND MUSEUMS TELEFAX COVER PAGE DIVISION DATE 29 JAN 91 RECIPIENT'S FAX NUMBER: 202 - 456 - 6218 JAN 29 '91 12:15 P.2/10 RESOLVED, $ That two battalions of Marines be raised, consis- ting of one Colonel, two Licutenant Colonels, two Majors, and other officers as usual in other regiments; and that they consist of an equal number of privates with other batta- lions; that particular care be taken, that no persons be appointed to office, or enlisted into said battalions, but such as are good seamen, or so acquainted with maritime affairs as to be able to serve to advantage by sea when required; that they be enlisted and commissioned to serve for and during the present War between Great Britain and the Colonies, unless dismissed by order of Congress; that they be distinguished by the names of the First and Second Battalions of American Ma- rines, and they be considered as part of the number which the Continental Army before Boston is ordered to consist of." (Resolution of the Continental Congress November 10, 1775.) 198/16 1775 Tab A QUOTES BY ABOUT, AND FOR MARINES T GOVERNMENT EXPENSE " Among the men who fought on Iwo Jima, uncommon valor was a common virtue" Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz USN Pacific Fleet communique, 16 March 1945 Compiled by Major John C. SHORT, JR. USMC and Lieutenant Colonel Russell B. TIFFANY USMC JAN 29 '91 12:15 P.4/10 They (Women Marines) don't have a nickname, and they don't need one. They get their basic training in a Marine atmos- phere, at a Marine Post. They inherit the traditions of the Marines. They are Marines. General Thomas Holcomb, 17th CMC, (1936-1943), Concise History, p.77. Take your time. Stay away from the easy going. Never go the same way twice. OVERNMENT EXPENSE Gunnery Sergeant Charles C. Arndt, USMC: Guadal- canal, 1942 on reconnaissance. Goddamn it, you'll never get the Purple Heart hiding in a foxhole! Follow Mel Captain Henry P. Crowe, USMC: Guadalcanal, 13 January 1943. Casualties many; Percentage of dead not known; Combat efficiency: we are winning. Radio message to Major General Julian C. Smith, CG, 2d Mar Div aboard Maryland (BB-46) from Colonel David M. Shoup ashore at Betio (Tarawa), 21 Novem- ber 1943. We're not accustomed to occupying defensive positions. It's destructive to morale. LtGen H. M. "Howlin' Mad" Smith at Iwo Jima, 1945, quoted in Walter Karig and others, Battle Report, P. 301. The bended knee is not a tradition of our Corps. LtGen A. A. Vandegrift: To the Senate Naval Affairs Committee, 5 May 1946 (regarding U. S. Army proposals for abolition of the Marine Corps) -2- JAN 29 '91 12:16 P.5/10 The Marine Corps went from 15,000, which its strength was when I was Commandant, to approximately 400,000 when I retired, and more than that afterward, without losing its individual characteristics. It was the same Marine Corps. It was not different in any respect. General Thomas Holcomb, USMC, former CMC, in testimony before the Senate Sub-Committee Hearings on S.677 (a bill to fix the personnel strength of the United States Marine Corps, and to make REPRODUCED AT GOVERNMENT EXPENSE the Commandant of the Marine Corps a permanent member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff). The Marine Corps has no ambition beyond the performance of its duty to its country. Its sole honor stems from that recognition which cannot be denied to a Corps of men who have sought for themselves little more than a life of hard- ship and the most hazardous assignments in battle. General Clifton B. Cates, 19th CMC, (1948-1951), Concise History, p.116. If the Battle of Waterloo was won on the playing fields of Eton, the Japanese bases in the Pacific were captured on the beaches of the Caribbean. LtGen H. M. Smith, Coral and Brass, p.19, 1949. We had Generals who were Admirals and Admirals who wanted to be Generals. Generals acting as Admirals are bad enough but it was the Admirals who wanted to be Generals who imperilled victory among the coral islands. LtGen Holland M. Smith: Coral and Brass, 1949. Since I first joined the Marines, I have advocated aggressive- ness in the field and constant offensive action. Hit quickly, hit hard and keep right on hitting. Give the enemy no rest, no opportunity to consolidate his forces and hit back at you. LtGen Holland M. Smith: Coral and Brass, 1949. these Marines have the swagger, confidence, and hardness that must have been in Stonewall Jackson's Army of the Shen- andoah. They remind me of the Coldstreams at Dunkerque. A British military officer, visiting U. S. Marines in Korea included the above in his daily report to the British command in Tokyo, 16 August 1950. -3- JAN 29 '91 12:16 P.6/10 Being ready is not what matters. What matters is winning after you get there. Lieutenant General Victor H. Krulak, USMC: To a Marine unit leaving for Vietnam, April 1965 Our young men in Vietnam have not only acquitted themselves in an outstanding manner during combat operations, but they have also been outstanding ambassadors of good will in the vital civic action and pacification work among the tortured REPRODUCED AT GOVERNMENT EXPENSE populace of South Vietnam. General Lewis W. Walt, USMC, "Football and Free- dom," to the Annual Meeting of the Football Coaches Association, Washington, D.C., 14 Jan 1970 Aviation is 2 dynamic profession. The rate of absolescence of equipment is high and new aircraft have to be placed in the inventory periodically in order to stay abreast of the requirements of modern war. General Keith B. McCutcheon, USMC, "Marine Aviation in Vietnam, 1962-1970,' Naval Review, 1971, p.134 Retention of operational control of its air arm is important to the Corps' air-ground team, as air constitutes a signif- icant part of its offensive fire power. General Keith B. McCutcheon, USMC, "Marine Aviation in Vietnam, 1962-1970, Naval Review, 1971, p.134 ofMAGTEL The Marine Corps is proud of the fact that it is a force of combined arms, and it jealously guards the integrity of its air-ground team. General Keith B. McCutcheon, USMC, "Marine Aviation in Vietnam, 1962-1970, Naval Review, 1971, p.134 I still need Marines who can shoot and salute. But I need Marines who can fix jet engines and man sophisticated radar sets, as well. General Robert E. Cushman, Jr., CMC, at an Armed Forces Day Luncheon, Spokane, Washington, 17 May 1974 -5- JAN 29 '91 12:17 P.7/10 Mr. Edwin N. Conger, U.S. Minister, in commending the Marines for their part in the defense of the legations at Peking, China, in 1900. I am inclined to think there is no military body in our country of higher efficiency than the Marine Corps. Of course their problems are simpler than ours. Their esprit de corps is very high; they take great pride in their pro- fession. They never let things slack a bit. Rear Admiral C. M. Winslow, USN, before the House Committee on Naval Affairs in 1916. BRNMENT EXPENSE I am convinced there is no smarter, handier or more adaptable body of troops (U. S. Marines) in the world Always spick and span, ready at an instant's notice for duty, the nation owes them a great debt. Winston Churchill, American novelist, in 1917. Your Marines having been under my command for nearly six months, I feel that I can give you a discriminating report as to their excellent standing with their brothers of the army and their general good conduct. General John J. Pershing in a letter to Major Gen- eral Commandant George Barnett of the Marine Corps, 10 Nov 1917. Their fiery advance and great tenacity were well recognized by their opponents. Lieutenant Colonel Ernst Otto, Historical Section of the German Army, writing about U. S. Marines in the fighting at Belleau Wood. What shall I say of the gallantry with which these Marines have fought!!! of the slopes of Hill 142; of the Mares Farm; of the Bois de Belleau and the Village of Bouresches stained with their blood, and not only taken away from the Germans in the full tide of their advance against the French but held by my boys against counter attacks day after day and night after night. I cannot write of their splendid gallantry without tears coming to my eyes. Major General James G. Harbord, U. S. Army, in his book, Leaves From a War Diary. -8- The raising of that flag on Suribachi means a Marine Corps for the next 500 years. 3SN3AX3 IN: James Forrestal: To Lieutenant General H. M. Smith, USMC, as the Marines raised the Colors on Mt. Suribachi, 23 Feb 1945. In the Army, shock troops are a small minority supported by a vast group of artisans, laborers, clerks, and organizers. In the Marines there are practically nothing but shock troops. Combat correspondent, John Lardner, in a 6 March 1945 report from Iwo Jima, published in the New Yorker Magazine, 17 Mar 1945. As for the Marines, you know what Marines are. They are a small, fouled-up Army talking Navy lingo. We are going to put those Marines in the regular Army and make efficient soldiers out of them. BGen Frank Armstrong, U.S. Army, quoted in Satur- day Evening Post, 5 Feb 1949, p.20 p. (in a spirit of levity prior to Army-Navy game). The Marine Corps has been called by the New York Times the "elite" Corps of this country. I think it is the "elite" Corps of the world. Admiral William F. Halsey, USN, at the 4th Mar Div reunion, Washington, D.C., 11 Jun 1949. Request immediate assignment Marine Regimental Combat Team and supporting Air Group for duty this command On 2 July 1950, General Douglas MacArthur requested Marines to bolster U.S. forces in Korea. -10- JAN 29 '91 12:17 P.8/10 the Marines have been the first to land--on embattled beached throughout the world we share the unfaltering con- fidence of all Americans that they will land again--and land hard. Vice Admiral Herbert F. Leary, USN, Commander GOVERNI Eastern Sea Frontier. 8 Nov 1943 JAN 29 '91 12:18 P.9/10 The Marine Corps is the Navy's police force and as long as I am President that is what it will remain. They have a propaganda machine that is almost equal to Stalin's. President Harry S Truman, in a 29 Aug 1950 letter to Congressman Gordon L. McDonough replying to McDonough's 21 Aug 1950 suggestion that the Marine Corps be entitled to full recognition as a major branch of the Armed Forces. REPRODUCED AT GOVERNMENT EXPENSE I sincerely regret the unfortunate choice of language which I used in my letter of Aug 29 to Congressman McDonough con- cerning the Marine Corps President Harry S Truman in a 6 Sep 1950 letter to General Clifton B. Cates, USMC, 19th CMC. The amphibious landing of U.S. Marines on September 15, 1950 at Inchon, on the west coast of Korea, was one of the most audacious and spectacularly successful amphibious landings in all naval history. Bernard Brodie, A Guide to Naval Strategy, p. 238. I have just returned from visiting the Marines at the front, and there is not a finer fighting organization in the world. Douglas MacArthur: In the outskirts of Seoul, 21 September 1950. Our tactical air arm should spend a few months with the Marines. I don't know what causes the difference, but it is there. The Marine pilots give us the impression that they are breaking their hearts to help us out. By an Army captain in Korea: Quoted from Combat Forces Journal; Geer, The New Breed; Heinl, Soldiers of the Sea, P. 570. Eliminate the Marine Corps and you will no longer have a measuring rod to apply to the Army I sometimes suspect that is why some Army men want to eliminate the Marine Corps because they will not then be subject to the test of compe- tition. -11- JAN 29 '91 12:18 P.10/10 "Life has a special flavor to those who fight for it that the sheltered never know. (Scrawled on the back of a C-ration carton by an anonymous Marine, battle for Khe Sanh, Vietnam) "Being ready is not what matters. What matters is winning after you get there.' (LtGen Victor H. Krulak, to Marines leaving for Vietnam, April 1965) "Nobody wants to fight, but somebody has to know how." (Marine Corps recruiting slogan, circa 1966) "The true professional is aware that these standards (of performance and discipline) are not ends in themselves in fact they are the means by which we breed pride, and that pride in turn, builds the kind of discipline that is essential to victory in combat with minimum casualties If (Gen Leonard F. Chapman, Jr. 24th CMC, Manuscript on Professionalism, as Marines began drawdown from Vietnam, October 1968) "The Marine Corps is proud of the fact that it is a force of combined arms, and it jealously guards the integrity of its air- ground team. (LtGen Keith B. McCutcheon, Naval Review, 1971) "I still need Marines who can shoot and salute. But I need Marines who can fix jet engines and man sophisticated radar sets as well." (Gen Robert E. Cushman, Jr., 25th CMC, May 1974) "We don't want to get bigger--just better. The Marines' stock-in- trade is readiness. We are ready to go!" (Gen Louis H. Wilson, 26th CMC, 1978) "The U. S. remains essentially a maritime nation and the Marine forms the ideal complement to the naval forces protecting our national interests. We are ready today to respond to any crisis situation that might arise, while preparing to meet the challanges of tommorrow." (Gen Robert H. Barrow, 27th CMC, 1980) "Where do we get such men?" (Gen Paul X. Kelley, 28th CMC, Oct 1986 dedication ceremony marking the third anniversary of servicemen killed in Lebanon and Grenada) "We're going to ensure that every Marine is a warrior first and our Marine infantrymen are going to be commandos. We're going to train them in five levels of martial arts. When we get through, nobody better mess with any of my Marines." (Gen Alfred M. Gray, 29th CMC, 1988) Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet (George Bush Library) Document No. Subject/Title of Document Date Restriction Class. and Type 01. Cover sheet Col. John A. Dubia to Bill Sittmann, Re: President's n.d. (b)(1) C Proposed Visit to Seymour - Johnson AFB, NC (1 pp.) Collection: Record Group: Bush Presidential Records Office: Speechwriting, White House Office of Series: Speech File, Backup Subseries: WHORM Cat.: File Location: Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina 2/1/91 [2] Date Closed: 10/29/2004 OA/ID Number: 13745-006 FOIA/SYS Case #: S Appeal Case #: Re-review Case #: 2004-2265-S Appeal Disposition: P-2/P-5 Review Case #: Disposition Date: AR Case #: MR Case #: AR Disposition: MR Disposition: AR Disposition Date: MR Disposition Date: RESTRICTION CODES Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)] Deed of Gift Restrictions (b)(1) National security classified information C(1) Closed by Executive Order 13526, governing access to national (b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an security information agency C(2) Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the information (b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute C(3) Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of (b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial gift [formerly listed as only C] information PRM. Removed as a personal record misfile (b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy (b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)] purposes (b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA] financial institutions P-5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President and (b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information his advisors, or between such advisors [(a)(5) of the PRA] concerning wells Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet (George Bush Library) Document No. Subject/Title of Document Date Restriction Class. and Type 02. Memo Col. John A. Dubia to Bill Sittmann, Re: POTUS Visit to 01/29/91 (b)(1) C Seymour - Johnson. (1 pp.) Collection: Record Group: Bush Presidential Records Office: Speechwriting, White House Office of Series: Speech File, Backup Subseries: WHORM Cat.: File Location: Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina 2/1/91 [2] Date Closed: 10/29/2004 OA/ID Number: 13745-006 FOIA/SYS Case #: S Appeal Case #: Re-review Case #: 2004-2265-S Appeal Disposition: P-2/P-5 Review Case #:, Disposition Date: AR Case #: MR Case #: AR Disposition: MR Disposition: AR Disposition Date: MR Disposition Date: RESTRICTION CODES Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)] Deed of Gift Restrictions (b)(1) National security classified information C(1) Closed by Executive Order 13526, governing access to national (b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an security information agency C(2) Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the information (b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute C(3) Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of (b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial gift [formerly listed as only C] information PRM. Removed as a personal record misfile (b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy (b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement Presidential Records Act - 144 U.S.C. 2204(a)] purposes (b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA] financial institutions P-5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President and (b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information his advisors, or between such advisors [(a)(5) of the PRA] concerning wells Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet (George Bush Library) Document No. Subject/Title of Document Date Restriction Class. and Type 03. List USAF Operation Desert Storm Casualties, Hostile. (1 pp.) n.d. (b)(1) C Collection: Record Group: Bush Presidential Records Office: Speechwriting, White House Office of Series: Speech File, Backup Subseries: WHORM Cat.: File Location: Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina 2/1/91 [2] Date Closed: 10/29/2004 OA/ID Number: 13745-006 FOIA/SYS Case #: S Appeal Case #: Re-review Case #: 2004-2265-S Appeal Disposition: P-2/P-5 Review Case #: Disposition Date: AR Case #: MR Case #: AR Disposition: MR Disposition: AR Disposition Date: MR Disposition Date: RESTRICTION CODES Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)] Deed of Gift Restrictions (b)(1) National security classified information C(1) Closed by Executive Order 13526, governing access to national (b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an security information agency C(2) Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the information (b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute C(3) Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of (b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial gift [formerly listed as only C] information PRM. Removed as a personal record misfile (b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy (b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)] purposes (b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA] financial institutions P-5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President and (b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information his advisors, or between such advisors [(a)(5) of the PRA] concerning wells Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet (George Bush Library) Document No. Subject/Title of Document Date Restriction Class. and Type 04. Memo Col. John A. Dubia to National Security Council, Executive 01/29/91 (b)(1) C Secretary, Re: Information for President's Trip to DoD Installations - 1 Feb. 91. (1 pp.) Collection: Record Group: Bush Presidential Records Office: Speechwriting, White House Office of Series: Speech File, Backup Subseries: WHORM Cat.: File Location: Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina 2/1/91 [2] Date Closed: 10/29/2004 OA/ID Number: 13745-006 FOIA/SYS Case #: S Appeal Case #: Re-review Case #: 2004-2265-S Appeal Disposition: P-2/P-5 Review Case #: Disposition Date: AR Case #: MR Case #: AR Disposition: MR Disposition: AR Disposition Date: MR Disposition Date: RESTRICTION CODES Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)] Deed of Gift Restrictions (b)(1) National security classified information C(1) Closed by Executive Order 13526, governing access to national (b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an security information agency C(2) Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the information (b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute C(3) Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of (b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial gift [formerly listed as only C] information PRM. Removed as a personal record misfile (b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy (b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)] purposes (b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA] financial institutions P-5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President and (b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information his advisors, or between such advisors [(a)(5) of the PRA] concerning wells POC-10A 29 Jan 91 Subj: CHERRY POINT FACT SHEET 1. MCAS Cherry Point is home to the 2d Marine Aircraft wing (2d MAW). 2d MAW is the parent organization to four fixed wing air groups, two rotary wing air groups, a Marine Air Control Group and a Marine wing Support Group, located at a variety of bases on the East Coast of the US. 2. Units of 2d MAW deployed from Cherry Point with the 4th Marine Expeditionary Brigade (4th MEB) and as an integral element of I MEF. Upon announcement of Phase II of Desert Shield, additional forces from Cherry Point began preparing for reinforcement of I MEF in SouthWest Asia (SWA). Overall, forces that have deployed include 7 fixed wing squadrons (A-6's, AV-8B's, EA-6B's, KC-130's). 3. Currently, no additional forces from Cherry Point are identified to deploy to SWA. 4. Marines from Cherry Point will undergo training at MCB Camp LeJeune as part of the Combat Replacement Company concept. The training will provide SWA oriented individual replacement training for all Marines bound for SWA. 5. Forces remaining at MCAS Cherry Point consist of elements of 2d MAW and air station support units. These forces comprise a training base for fixed wing squadrons and can provide additional Marine Air Command and Control equipment to reinforce Desert Storm forces. POC-10 29 Jan 91 Subj: CAMP LEJEUNE FACT SHEET 1. MCB Camp LaJeune is home to II Marine Expeditionary Force (II MEF), comprised of the 2d Marine Division (2d MarDiv), 2d Marine Aircraft Wing (2d MAW) (located at MCAS Cherry Point, NC) and the 2d Force Service Support Group (2d FSSG). 2. Elements of II MEF deployed to the Persian Gulf region on board 13 amphibious ships of Amphibious Group 2 in late August. Forces that deployed in August are part of the 4th Marine Expeditionary Brigade (4th MEB), comprised of Regimental Landing Team 2 (RLT-2), Marine Aircraft Group 40 (MAG-40) and Brigade Service Support Group 4 (BSSG-4). As a result of Phase II assignments to Desert Shield, a majority of 2d Marine Division (to include the remaining 2 infantry regiments and 1 artillery regiment), 2d MAW and 2d FSSG have since deployed to the region. The deployed force is comprised of 7 infantry battalions, 4 artillery battalions plus all the separate battalions (tank, reconnaissance, assault amphibian, light armored infantry, combat engineer). 3. Currently, no additional units are scheduled to deploy to the Persian Gulf region from Camp LaJeune. 4. Eight Combat Replacement Companies (CRC) are being organized and trained at Camp LeJeune at the present time. The concept of the CRC provides for a pool of trained Marines, located both in CONUS and SWA, in a wide range of skills from infantry to aviation supply, to fill positions within SouthWest Asia units due to casualties or unforeseen commitments. The training is designed to provide SWA oriented individual replacement training for all individual replacements bound for the region. 5. Forces remaining at Camp LeJeune consist of elements of II MEF and base support units. These forces provide a capability to support an Air Contingency Force and a limited ability to reinforce Desert Storm forces. P.4/6 THE 2D MARINE DIVISION --The 2d Marine Division is the direct descendent of the 2d Marine Brigade, which was activated on 1 July 1936. As the prospect of war increased during 1940, the Marine Corps expanded to include division-size organizations. Accordingly, the 2d Marine Division was officially activated 1 February 1941 at Camp Elliot near San Diego, CA, dropping its earlier designation as the 2d Marine Brigade. --During World War II the Division participated in the Guadalcanal campaign; the assault on Tarawa (the first real Navy and Marine Corps test of amphibious assault doctrine and techniques), Saipan and Tinian and Okinawa. --The 2d Marine Division's role as a force-in-readiness was tested by the outbreak of war in Korea, in June 1950. Though the Division itself did not deploy to Korea, many of the its personnel were integrated into units of the understrengthed 1st Marine Division through redesignations and unit transfers to the West Coast. --In the summer of 1958 three reinforced battalions from the Division were ordered into Lebanon to help maintain political stability, preserve law and order, and protect American lives and property. -The Cuban missile crisis of October 1962 brought about the deployment of most 2d Marine Division units to Guantanamo Bay and the waters off Cuba once again demonstrating its ability to respond to short notice embarkation orders with speed and efficiency. --Four reinforced battalions helped more than 1300 evacuees during a six-week mission in the Dominican Republic during April 1965. --During the 1980's units of the 2d Marine Division participated in combat operations in Lebanon, Grenada and Panama. --Currently deployed as part of Operation Desert Storm. 2d MARINE DIVISION ASSOCIATION REUNTON is TAKING PLACE 15 JACKSONVILLE, NC 31 JAN - 2 FEB 91 P.5/6 THE 2D MARINE DIVISION PATCH The 2d Marine Division shoulder paseb was authorized for wear by units which served with or were attached to the division in the Pecific during World War II. Designed and approved in late 1943, the insignia is in the official Marine Corps colors of scarlet and gold. The insignia displays . spearhead- shaped scarlet background with s hand bolding sloft u lighted gold torch. A scarlet numeral "2" is super- imposed upon the torch, and the torch and hand is encircled by five white stars in the arrangement of the Southern Cross constallation, under which the division's for World War II combat took place Guadalcenal. The wearing of unit shoulder patches by Marines was discontinued in 1947. 11 SECOND MARINE DIVISION ASSOCIATION a. Founded: 1949 by Lieutenant General Julian C. Smith. Approximately 2,000 members. and three state chapters. 6,300 b. Eligibility for membership: open to all who have served honorably or are now serving with the 2d Marine Division or units attached to it, from the date of their formation or at any time since the Division was organized on 1 February 1942 at Marine Corps Base, San Diego, California. C. Purpose: nonpolitical, nonpartisan, nonsectarian organization formed to preserve the tradition, commemorate the honors won on the battle field, and celebrate with appropriate ceremonies the outstanding deeds performed by the 2d Marine Division; to honor the memory of the men of the Division who have given their lives in the defense of the Nation; to foster and promote the principles and ideals of American freedom and democracy; to band together in fellowship those who have honorably served in the Division, and those who have returned to civilian life. d. Scholarship fund: Memorial Scholarship Fund established in 1954 to help provide higher education for the surviving children of men who served in the Division during World War II or in a unit attached to it, and who lost their lives in the service of the United States; and for children of members of the Association and of the 2d Marine Division. Fund is derived from Association treasury and donations. e. Awards: (1) Follow Me Trophy - to the best drilled company in the 2d Marine Division. (2) Tarawa Award - to the squad leader of the best squad in the 2d Marine Division. (3) Lieutenant General Julian C. Smith Award - to the Marine of the year in the 2d Marine Division. (4) Major General Clayton B. Vogel Award - to the Non- Commissioned Officer of the Year in the 2d Marine Division. f. Publication: Follow Me. Published six times a year; February, April, June , August, October, and December. g. Meetings/Reunions: Annual national reunion. New Zealand pilgrimage every 5 years. Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet (George Bush Library) Document No. Subject/Title of Document Date Restriction Class. and Type 05. Memo Col. John A. Dubia to National Security Council, Executive n.d. (b)(1) Secretary, Re: Information for President's Trip to DoD Installations - 1 Feb. 91. (1 pp.) Collection: Record Group: Bush Presidential Records Office: Speechwriting, White House Office of Series: Speech File, Backup Subseries: WHORM Cat.: File Location: Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina 2/1/91 [2] Date Closed: 10/29/2004 OA/ID Number: 13745-006 FOIA/SYS Case #: S Appeal Case #: Re-review Case #: 2004-2265-S Appeal Disposition: P-2/P-5 Review Case #: Disposition Date: AR Case #: MR Case #: AR Disposition: MR Disposition: AR Disposition Date: MR Disposition Date: RESTRICTION CODES Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)] Deed of Gift Restrictions (b)(1) National security classified information C(1) Closed by Executive Order 13526, governing access to national (b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an security information agency C(2) Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the information (b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute C(3) Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of (b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial gift [formerly listed as only C] information PRM. Removed as a personal record misfile (b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy (b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)] purposes (b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA] financial institutions P-5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President and (b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information his advisors, or between such advisors [(a)(5) of the PRA] concerning wells Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet (George Bush Library) Document No. Subject/Title of Document Date Restriction Class. and Type 06. List Re: Operation Desert Shield / Storm casualties. (1 pp.) n.d. (b)(1) C Collection: Record Group: Bush Presidential Records Office: Speechwriting, White House Office of Series: Speech File, Backup Subseries: WHORM Cat.: File Location: Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina 2/1/91 [2] Date Closed: 10/29/2004 OA/ID Number: 13745-006 FOIA/SYS Case #: S Appeal Case #: Re-review Case #: 2004-2265-S Appeal Disposition: P-2/P-5 Review Case #: Disposition Date: AR Case #: MR Case #: AR Disposition: MR Disposition: AR Disposition Date: MR Disposition Date: RESTRICTION CODES Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) - 15 U.S.C. 552(b)] Deed of Gift Restrictions (b)(1) National security classified information C(1) Closed by Executive Order 13526, governing access to national (b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an security information agency C(2) Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the information (b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute C(3) Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of (b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial gift [formerly listed as only C] information PRM. Removed as a personal record misfile (b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy (b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)] purposes (b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA] financial institutions P-5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President and (b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information his advisors, or between such advisors [(a)(5) of the PRA] concerning wells Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet (George Bush Library) Document No. Subject/Title of Document Date Restriction Class. and Type 07. Memo Col. John A. Dubia to Bill Sittmann, Re: PA Input. (1 pp.) 01/29/91 (b)(1) C Collection: Record Group: Bush Presidential Records Office: Speechwriting, White House Office of Series: Speech File, Backup Subseries: WHORM Cat.: File Location: Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina 2/1/91 [2] Date Closed: 10/29/2004 OA/ID Number: 13745-006 FOIA/SYS Case #: S Appeal Case #: Re-review Case #: 2004-2265-S Appeal Disposition: P-2/P-5 Review Case #: Disposition Date: AR Case #: MR Case #: AR Disposition: MR Disposition: AR Disposition Date: MR Disposition Date: RESTRICTION CODES Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)] Deed of Gift Restrictions (b)(1) National security classified information C(1) Closed by Executive Order 13526; governing access to national (b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an security information agency C(2) Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the information (b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute C(3) Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of (b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial gift [formerly listed as only C] information PRM. Removed as a personal record misfile (b)(6) Release, would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy (b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)] purposes (b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA] financial institutions P-5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President and (b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information his advisors, or between such advisors [(a)(5) of the PRA] concerning wells Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet (George Bush Library) Document No. Subject/Title of Document Date Restriction Class. and Type 08. List Re: Deployments to Persian Gulf Region. (1 pp.) n.d. (b)(1) C Collection: Record Group: Bush Presidential Records Office: Speechwriting, White House Office of Series: Speech File, Backup Subseries: WHORM Cat.: File Location: Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina 2/1/91 [2] Date Closed: 10/29/2004 OA/ID Number: 13745-006 FOIA/SYS Case #: S Appeal Case #: Re-review Case #: 2004-2265-S Appeal Disposition: P-2/P-5 Review Case #: Disposition Date: AR Case #: MR Case #: AR Disposition: MR Disposition: AR Disposition Date: MR Disposition Date: RESTRICTION CODES Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)] Deed of Gift Restrictions (b)(1) National security classified information C(1) Closed by Executive Order 13526, governing access to national (b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an security information agency C(2) Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the information (b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute C(3) Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of (b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial gift [formerly listed as only C] information PRM. Removed as a personal record misfile (b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy (b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)] purposes (b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA] financial institutions P-5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President and (b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information his advisors, or between such advisors [(a)(5) of the PRA] concerning wells "ICTORY DIVICION CONFIDENTIAL 24th Infantry Division History fighters had been brought down by beaches. across jungle terrain. and The 24th Infantry "Victory" Division the 24th Division's small arms fire captured Hollandia Airdrome, inflict was formed from elements of the old The fledging division was the first heavy casualties on its defenders. T1 Hawaiian Division UN October 1, 1941, Army unit to feel the fury of Imperial long, trustrating months of training at schoncle Barracks The 1018 and Japan and Unit 01166 to Dylit back Australla had paid Uff. 21st Infantry Regiments and a Immediately after the Pearl Harbor In October 1944 the division struc Hawaiian National Guard regiment. attack, the 24th moved from Schoffeld again, this time on Red Beach of which was later replaced by the 34th Barracks to northern Oahu, setting up Leyte, Philippine Islands. The Ameri Infantry Regiment, made up the di- defenses against a possible Japanese cans had returned to the Philippines vision. Invasion of the Mawailan Islands In IL was the hardest nghung they had The 19th Infantry is nicknamed the September 1943. the division moved faced so far, and the going was any. "Rock of Chickamauga" for its actions to Camp Caves, near Rockhampton. thing but easy. The leading element in the CIVII war: the 21st infantry is Australla, ON the embleru COSSL for an the 3rd Battation. 34th infantry, was nicknamed the "Gimlets" and also intensive training period. For five pinned down by heavy machine gui traces its lineage back to the Civil months soldiers of the 24th concen- and rifle fire. The regimental com- War: and the 34th Infantry, nicknamed trated on amphibious landing and jun- mander, Colonel Aubrey taking the "Dragons," began its history in World gle fighting. It was hard work and uation at a glance, shouted to his War I with the 7th Infantry Division. morale suffered as many felt the divi- men. "Get the Hell off the beach; fc The 24th Infantry Division's first sion would train throughout the war. low me" casualties were recorded on Sunday. They were wrong. On the last day Seventy-seven days of unbelievable December 7. 1941. when the Japanese of January 1944. the 24th moved Fighting on Leyte made the word "V bombed Pearl Harbor and Schofield again - this time to Goodenough 1s- tory" synonymous with the 24th Inf. Barracks The men of the 68-day-old land to prepare for the New Guinea try Division "Victory" was the radis division had just returned from a campaign. Finally the word came: the call sign of the division and chalked week-long field problem, and they 24th Infantry Division would play a on the men's helmets. But It wasn't were celebrating by sleeping in. At major role in the return to the Philip- until the natives greeted the troops 7:45 am, the calm of the beautiful pines On April 22, 1944. the division shouting "Victory" that the name Hawaiian morning was shattered by stormed from landing crait at stuck. the sounds of death and destruction. Tanamerah Bay and slashed across The Leyte operation over. the 24th Fright was quickly replaced by action. Dutch New Guinea. After five hard- pushed on the Mindoro. There the è When the day was over. five Japanese fought days, the 24th swept from the vision met its first fanatical "Banzai" 32 002.00 VR-DA 09PA F9 CONFIDENTIAL 61 191 218 80 TO Determined to be an Administrative Marking RML 10/29/04 charges and Kamakaze air attacks in DMZ, and it stayed there until 1957 the 48th Infantry Brigade (Mech- the battle for the Philippines. Proceed- when it was inactivated. On July 1, anized) of the Georgia Army National ing northward up the islands, it partic- 1958, the division was reactivated in Guard. was now at its full strength. ipated in the assault on Corregidor. Bavaria. and once again the Taro Leaf The division was redesignated the Then began the final thrust of Manila. was on the front lines - this time as 24th Infantry Division (Mechanized) on When the war in the Pacific ended in a vital part of the NATO defense team September 30. 1979. This brought ar- August 1915, the 21th was mopping in Western Europe should they be mored personnel carriers and addition up the island of Mindanao. needed. al support personnel to Fort Stewart Two months after VJ Day, the 24th Two weeks after the 24th was reor- and the division. The 24th has recent- Infantry Division moved to lapan, ganized, sember ready waits of the di ly received serve of the nevrest squip- where for five years it was the Army vision were rushed to Lebanon to ment to Include Firefinder. the of Occupation on Kyushu. the quell d dvil apristug. E August 1901. improved TOW vehicle. ti.e Multiple southernmost of Japan's major islands the Berlin Wall was erected and for Launch Rocket System, the Heavy Ex- Peace did not last long. On the six days the world stood on the brink panded Mobility Tactical Trucks. the morning of June 25. 1950, columns of of total war. The 24th Infantry Divi- Blackhawk Helicopter, and the Comer- communist-trained North Korean sion had never been stationed state- cial Utility Cargo Vehicle. More recent- troops steamed south across the 38th side In September 1968, it finally ly issued are the M2 Bradley Infantry Parallel into South Korea Five days came home Its new station was Fort Fighting Vehicle, the High Mobility later, Lt. Col. Charles B. Smith and his Riley. Kan., where it remained until It was Multipurpose Vehicle. and the Apache 1st Battalion, 21st Infantry, were alert- again inactivated on April 15. 1970. Helicopter. ed to move to Korea. Task Force On October 21. 1974. the 1st The division became part of the na- Smith was the first United States unit Brigade of the 24th Infantry Division tion's Rapid Deployment Force (RPD) to land in Korea. Its mission: buy the was formed at Fort Stewart. Can bc- on October 1. 1980. and 03 such necessary time to allow the rest of the coming the nucleus for the reactiva- would fall under U.S. Army Central 24th Division to arrive tion of the division. On September 21. Command should that force be More than 50 Russian-built T-34 1975, the 25th Infantry Division was deployed. The division continues to tanks and 20,000 North Korean troops officially reactivated at Stewart. train. including rotations to the Nation- were rolling down the western cor- The following year. soon after the al Training Center at Fort Irwin. Calif., ridor of the peninsula unopposed. The provisional organization of the ?nd for tha RDF mission which may be as task force succeeded in slowing down Brigade, the 24th Infantry Division signed to it the enemy and the division landed at was participating in the Joint Readi- At ceremonies held at Fort Stewart Pusan unopposed. ness Exercise, Brave Shield XV, in the on June 15, 1990, command of the di- Bv Julv 20. the whole Korean Cam- Fluitud Failiandle during October. vision and FULL Stewart/Tunter Anny paign rested on the shoulders of Major Joining the 24th Infantry with the Airfield was passed to Major General General William Dean. division com- formal activation of the 2nd Brigade Barry R_ McCaffrey making him the mander. He was told to hold the town on June 14. 1977. the 24th Infantry division's 47th commander since its or- of Taejon for two days. He held for Division, with its mund-out brigade, ganization in 1941. three days and finally had to fighty his way out. In the following days the division became a legend. As the weeks dragged into months. IL because clear that the 24th Infantry Division had done its job. The tide was turned. and the Victory Division pushed forward as the UN marched toward the Yalu River. It continued to fight when the Chinese Communist troops came out of Manchuria and pushed the UN forces to the 38th Parallel. By the end of January 1952, most of the division returned to Japan. It had been fighting for more than a vear and had earned a rest. The division moved back to Korea 18 months later to guard the vital ve CONFIDENTIAL Ord FASH 1551 191 212 12:23 16 68 to 000/000 Determined to be an Administrative Marking LTC Kimbale Mrs Lorenz Coe. Matthews Maj Hrwath [919-451-1714 -5276] Comm Support Jacksonville = community From beg, a conson for backup osst to families, discounts, PUb SVC. caving Comm Network all merhants prof SVCS - counselors, SVCS readily available chrines - support group Matt Hardeman- - USD Director 919 455 3411 Adopt 4 Family gathers volenteers for yard work, transp, repairs called for Pg pains - tried to geta nic - MaH went & took to hospital Cw/in 45 min). Hal prem baby Network Key Wives Program fledgling at outset - liaison w/ command msqs - mil support to families - new IDS etc - available in own homes labor coaches birthday parties pick up new nome c hosp babicitting COop's feel urone iornageable teach by ex that you can cope on call at all times teach women to prepares Stand on own you are capabic Women Pg w/ twins - bedrest till April Key wife comes every day 2½ arws already Brenda Macalum 919 353 9868 Kin Wives corrainator -Holidays 1 Key Wives 1000 = points of light -Bandy Zakovlak wife of Co general 353 4436 solaies story 2nd FSSG - -Elen sch sends banner 1pt gr in all than { classer almost all gath sensitive people Ref. PN6081 P55 WH Respectfully Quoted A Dictionary of Quotations Requested from the Congressional Research Service edited by Suzy Platt Congressional Reference Division PROPERTY OF LIBRARY Y EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT LIBRARY OF CONGRESS . WASHINGTON . 1989 Murphy's Law A longer version appeared in a story about Murphy and his law in People, January 31, 1983, p. 82: "If there's more than one way to do a job and one of those ways will end in disaster, then somebody will do it that way." Nation 1233 Happy are all free peoples, too strong to be dispossessed. But blessed are those among nations who dare to be strong for the rest! ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING, "A Court Lady," stanza 20, The Poetical Works of Elizabeth Barrett Browning, p. 418 (1974). 1234 Not gold but only men can make A people great and strong; Men who for truth and honor's sake Stand fast and suffer long. Brave men who work while others sleep, Who dare while others fly- They build a nation's pillars deep And lift them to the sky. RALPH WALDO EMERSON (?), "A Nation's Strength," stanzas 5 and .-Masterpieces of Religious Verse, ed. James Dalton Morrison, p. 459 (1948). Granger's Index to Poetry, 6th ed., p. 898 (1973) says the author is unknown and that this is wrongly attributed to Emerson; the poem is not found in Emerson's Complete Works (1903). 1235 Cleanse the body of this nation Through the glory of the Lord. HENRY SCOTT HOLLAND, "Judge Eternal, Throned in Splendor." Service Book and Hymnal of the Lutheran Church in America, music ed., no. 343 (1958). 1236 Great nations write their autobiographies in three manuscripts, the book of their deeds, the book of their words and the book of their art. Not one of these books can be understood unless we read the two others, but of the three the only trustworthy one is the last. JOHN RUSKIN, St. Mark's Rest: The History of Venice, Preface, p. 1 (1885). 1237 A nation that can not preserve itself ought to die, and it will die-die in the grasp of the evils it is too feeble to overthrow. Senator MORRIS SHEPPARD, remarks in the Senate, December 18, 1914, Congressional Record, vol. 52, p. 338. 1238 Great nations rise and fall. The people go from bondage to spiritual truth, to great courage, from courage to liberty, from liberty to abundance, from abundance to selfishness, from selfishness to complacency, from complacency to apathy, from apathy to dependence, from dependence back again to bondage. Author unknown. Attributed to Benjamin Disraeli. Unverified. 235 The quotation from the Greeks has been attributed to Aeschylus but has not been found in his works. 1865 For the strength of the Pack is the Wolf, and the strength of the Wolf is the Pack. RUDYARD KIPLING, "The Law of the Jungle," The Second Jungle Book, p. 29 (1899). 1866 And see the confluence of dreams That clashed together in our night, One river born of many streams Roll in one blaze of blinding light! GEORGE WILLIAM RUSSELL (AE), "Salutation," last stanza.-Kathleen Hoagland, 1000 Years of Irish Poetry, p. 617 (1947). This was written for those who took part in the Irish rebellion against England, 1916. 1867 It manus in gyrum; paullatim singula vires Deperdunt proprias; color est E pluribus unus. Spins round the stirring hand; lose by degrees Their separate powers the parts, and comes at last From many several colors one that rules. VIRGIL, "Moretum," lines 103-4, The Works of Virgil, trans. into English verse by John Augustine Wilstach, vol. 1, p. 123 (1884). Moretum literally means garden herbs. From Virgil's minor poems, this is a tribute "to common things and plebian associations. The lines are laudatory of early habits and rustic poverty. They close with a description of the ingredients and mode of preparation of a salad composed of garlic, parsley, rue, and onions, seasoned with cheese, salt, coriander, and vinegar, and finally sprinkled with oil. "The poem is a brief one, of uncertain, but probably early date. But, brief as it is, and insignificant as it seems to be, certain of its words formulate the talisman of our National Government. "So that we may say, with probable truth, that, in describing an Italian salad, a frugal shepherd of the Roman Republic dictated that motto [E pluribus unum] which has served as the symbol of union for States in a hemisphere then unknown, for a Republic which uses, with enthusiasm, even the language of that illustrious government to which it is indebted, under so many forms, for safe precedents and wise examples" (p. 124). Values 1868 It is not our affluence, or our plumbing, or our clogged freeways that grip the imagination of others. Rather, it is the values upon which our system is built. These values imply our adherence not only to liberty and individual freedom, but also to international peace, law and order, and constructive social purpose. When we depart from these values, we do so at our peril. Senator J. WILLIAM FULBRIGHT, remarks in the Senate, June 29, 1961, Congressional Record, vol. 107, p. 11703. Victory 1869 The people who remained victorious were less like conquerors than conquered. 351 Ref. PN6081 P55 WH Respectfully Quoted A Dictionary of Quotations Requested from the 1 Congressional Research Service edited by Suzy Platt Congressional Reference Division PROPERTY OF LIBRARY R EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT LIBRARY OF CONGRESS . WASHINGTON . 1989 Freedom-defense of 66 President JOHN F. KENNEDY, inaugural address, January 20, 1961.-The Public Pa- pers of the Presidents of the United States: John F. Kennedy, 1961, pp. 2-3. pur" This is one of seven inscriptions carved on the walls at the gravesite of John F. reli Kennedy, Arlington National Cemetery. mir: sha 662 We in this country, in this generation, are-by destiny rather than choice-the watchmen on the walls of world freedom. We ask, therefore, that we may be worthy of our power and responsibility, that we may exercise our strength with wisdom and restraint, and that we may achieve in our time and for all time the ancient vision of "peace on earth, good will toward men. That must always be our goal, and the righteousness of our cause Bo must always underlie our strength. For as was written long ago: "except the Lord keep the wo city, the watchman waketh but in vain." President JOHN F. KENNEDY, remarks prepared for delivery at the Trade Mart in Bo Dallas, Texas, November 22, 1963.-Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: John F. Kennedy, 1963, p. 894. 661 This speech was never delivered. President Kennedy was on his way to the Trade op Mart when he was assassinated. The quotations are from the Bible, Luke 2:14 and Psalms 127:1, respectively. Th 663 No man is entitled to the blessings of freedom unless he be vigilant in its preserva- 66 tion. no DOUGLAS MACARTHUR, title of speech to the people of Japan, May 3, 1948, upon the Pr first anniversary of the Japanese constitution.-MacArthur, A Soldier Speaks, p. 194 (1965). Francis T. Miller, General Douglas MacArthur, Fighter for Freedom, p. 1 (1942), de wrote, "[MacArthur] has said many times to friends: 'The man who will not defend his freedom does not deserve to be free!" See also No. 1191. Pc 664 Those who expect to reap the blessings of freedom, must, like men, undergo the fatigues of supporting it. or THOMAS PAINE, "The Crisis," no. 4, September 11, 1777.-The Writings of Thomas Paine, ed. Moncure D. Conway, vol. 1, p. 229 (1894). 665 We fight not to enslave, but to set a country free, and to make room upon the earth for honest men to live in. tc THOMAS PAINE, "The Crisis," no. 4, September 11, 1777, final paragraph.-The Writ- ti ings of Thomas Paine, ed. Moncure D. Conway, vol. 1, p. 232 (1902, reprinted 1969). 666 The great German poet, Goethe, who also lived through a crisis of freedom, said to his generation: "What you have inherited from your fathers, earn over again for yourselves C, or it will not be yours." We inherited freedom. We seem unaware that freedom has to be b remade and re-earned in each generation of man. ADLAI E. STEVENSON, "Politics and Morality," Saturday Review, February 7, 1959, p. 12. P He quoted Goethe's Faust, act I, scene i, "Was du ererbt von deinen Vätern hast, / Erwirb es, um es zu besitzen." In Randall Jarrell's translation, "That which you inherit from your fathers / You must earn in order to possess."-Goethe's Faust, p. 35 (1976). Ref. E176 F86 WH THE BULLY PULPIT Quotations from America's Presidents Edited by Elizabeth Frost Il A New England Publishing Associates Book WAR 259 the What the end of the four years of carnage with those nations that are giving their life World War I] meant those who remember blood in combat against those forces. it will never forget and those who do not can never be told. Franklin D. Roosevelt Address, Charlottesville, abandoning neutrality for Calvin Coolidge nonbelligerency The Autobiography of Calvin Coolidge June 10, 1940 nan 1929 ere Never before since Jamestown and hat It is well to remember that the office of Plymouth Rock has our American in- Chief Executive is in part a symbol of the civilization been in such danger as now. nation and that leaders in a nation may Franklin D. Roosevelt differ in their own house but they have in- Radio speech December 29, 1940 stant solidarity in the presence of foreign attack. In all history no major war has ever been Herbert Hoover hat won or lost through lack of money. Speech, Gridiron Club, Washington, D.C. be April 26, 1929 Franklin D. Roosevelt the Press conference, Washington, D.C. December 1940 ich The first responsibility of the President of the United States is to abate war, not to Our Bunker Hill of tomorrow may be stimulate it. several thousand miles from Boston. Herbert Hoover Franklin D. Roosevelt Addresses on the American Road Speech, Washington, D.C. 1933-1960 May 27, 1941 are We have wished to avoid shooting, but the It seems to be unfortunately true that the shooting has started. And history has epidemic of world lawlessness is spread- recorded who fired the first shot. In the ing. When an epidemic of physical disease long run, however, all that will matter is starts to spread, the community approves who fired the last shot. and joins in a quarantine of the patients in ach order to protect the health of the com- Franklin D. Roosevelt munity against the spread of the disease. Navy Day Address, Washington, D.C., on German attack on the U.S.S. Kearny Franklin D. Roosevelt October 27, 1941 Quarantine Speech, Chicago, Illinois October 5, 1937 Yesterday, December 7, 1941-a date which will live in infamy-the United bi- Do we really have to assume that nations States of America was suddenly and If deliberately attacked by naval and air can find no better methods of realizing me, their destinies than those which were used forces of the Empire of Japan. Hostilities by the Huns and Vandals fifteen hundred exist. There is no blinking the fact that our people, our territories, and our interests years ago? n of are in grave danger. Franklin D. Roosevelt "Hands Off the Western Hemisphere," Pan- Message asking for war against Japan December 8, 1941 American Day Address April 14, 1939 gh, American soil has been treacherously r, is attacked by Japan. Our decision is forced uld We are convinced that military and naval upon us. We must fight with everything victory for the gods of force and hate would we have. endanger the institutions of democracy in Herbert Hoover the Western World-and that equally, Immediately after Pearl Harbor therefore, the whole of our sympathies lie December 1941 260 THE BULLY PULPIT The United States can accept no result People of Western Europe: A landing was save victory. made this morning on the coast of France Franklin D. Roosevelt by troops of the Allied Expeditionary National broadcast, Washington, D.C. Force. This landing is part of the concerted December 9, 1941 United Nations plan for the liberation of Europe, made in conjunction with our We are going to win the war and we are great Russian allies I call upon all who going to win the peace that follows. And in love freedom to stand with us now. the difficult hours of this day-and Together we shall achieve victory. through dark days that may be yet to General Dwight D. Eisenhower come-we will know that the vast Broadcast majority of the members of the human June 6, 1944 (D-Day) race are with us. All of them are praying for us. For, in representing our cause, we The mission of this Allied Force was represent theirs as well-our hope and fulfilled at 3 A.M., local time, May 7, 1945. their hope for liberty under God. General Dwight D. Eisenhower Telegram to the Combined Chiefs of Staff, at end of Franklin D. Roosevelt WorldWar II, Europe Radio address December 11, 1941 offamily successful wars. Morale is the greatest single factor in Delay invites great danger. Rapid and united effort by all of the peoples of the Dwight D. Eisenhower blues New York Post world who are determined to remain free June 23, 1945 will insure a world victory of the forces of justice and of righteousness over the forces Wars are different from baseball games of savagery and of barbarism. where, at the end of the game, the teams Franklin D. Roosevelt get dressed and leave the park. Declaration of War on Germany Harry S. Truman December 11, 1941 April 1946 American soil has been treacherously I hate war as only a soldier who has lived it attacked by Japan. Our decision is forced can, only as one who has seen its brutality, upon us. We must fight with everything its futility, its stupidity. we have. Dwight D. Eisenhower Herbert Hoover Cited By John Gunther, Eisenhower Immediately after Pearl Harbor December 1941 To return to the rule of force in interna- tional affairs would have far-reaching We are fighting, as our fathers have fought, effects. The United States will continue to to uphold the doctrine that all men are uphold the rule of law. equal in the sight of God. Those on the other side are striving to destroy this deep Harry S. Truman Statement at the start of the Korean War belief and to create a world in their own June 27, 1950 image-a world of tyranny and cruelty and serfdom. Possibly my hatred of war blinds me so Franklin D. Roosevelt that I cannot comprehend the arguments State of the union address that its advocates adduce. But, in my January 6, 1942 opinion, there is no such thing as a preventative war. War begets the con- The War for Survival ditions that beget further war. Franklin D. Roosevelt Dwight D. Eisenhower On World War II Address in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Cited in Richard Hofstadter, The Age of Reform October 1950 HOPE 105 is No public man can be just a little crooked. Unfortunately, many Americans live on ate nt Herbert Hoover the outskirts of hope-some because of in Cited in Bruce Bohle, The Home Book of American their poverty, and some because of their Quotations color, and all too many because of both. ur SS Lyndon B. Johnson Id, State of the union address Herbert Hoover January 8, 1964 ur ge Herbert Hoover is certainly a wonder, and I We have discovered that every child who re wish we could make him president. learns, and every man who finds work, and ly every sick body that is made whole-like a Franklin D. Roosevelt candle added to an altar-brightens the Comment, Josephus Daniels C. 1918 hope of all the faithful. ew Lyndon B. Johnson That man has offered me unsolicited Inaugural address advice for six years, all of it bad. January 20, 1965 e Calvin Coolidge The future holds little hope for any govern- un Comment d C. 1929 ment where the present holds no hope for the people. As for Mr. Hoover I hold him in very Lyndon B. Johnson high regard. I think he is a great American Speech, signing of Immigration Bill, Liberty Island, and will some day be so recognized even by New York, New York the people who have defamed him. October 3, 1965 e Harry S. Truman Millions of our neighbors are without Comment, Admiral Lewis Strauss 1948 work. It is up to us to see they are not without hope. Ronald Reagan Hope State of the union address January 25, 1983 There is nothing in this world so inspir- Yet, to hope is to believe in humanity; and ing as the possibilities that lie locked up in in its future. Hope remains the highest 1 the head and breast of a young man. reality, the age-old power; hope is at the t James Garfield root of all the great ideas and causes that r Cited in John M. Taylor, Garfield of Ohio: The Avail- have bettered the lot of humankind across able Man the centuries. 1 Hope has become the secret weapon of the Ronald Reagan forces of liberation. Speech, United Nations General Assembly, New York, New York Harry S. Truman September 22, 1986 Address, Joint Session of Congress April 16, 1945 THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON January 29, 1991 MEMORANDUM FOR SIG ROGICH FROM: JOHN G. KELLER, JR. JGK SUBJECT: TRAVEL ON FRIDAY, FEB. 1, 1991 Below are the tentative scenarios that Judd Swift and Spence Geissinger have come up with for the events on Friday. Cherry Point, North Carolina - Marine Corps Air Station The President will visit the Marine Corps Air Station located at Cherry Point, North Carolina. Part of the Marine Air Wing, including fixed wing fighter aircraft and helicopter elements, have been deployed from Cherry Point. The Marine Corps Air Station is is in close proximity to Camp LeJeune, which is the home of the 2nd Marine Division. The President will give Remarks in a hangar within the complex for an audience of 8,000 - 10,000, consisting of families from Cherry Point and Camp LeJeune, and base personnel. Remarks will be followed by a Ropeline. Goldsboro, North Carolina - Seymore Johnson AFB The primary wing at Seymore Johnson Air Force Base is the 4th Tactical Fighter Wing. Airmen stationed at Seymore Johnson fly the F-15E "Strike Eagle" planes, performing bombing missions over Iraq (deep strike interdiction sorties). Also based at Seymore Johnson is the 68th Air Refueling Wing (from the Strategic Air Command), a tenant unit. This unit is equipped with KC-135 Strato Tankers. Portions of that wing are currently deployed to the Persian Gulf as well. Two airmen deployed from Seymore Johnson have been killed in action and two are currently prisoners of war. The President will attend an outdoor family picnic with 1,500 family members of deployed personnel; 500 - 800 base personnel; and 100+ supportive townspeople (volunteer groups, etc.) During his visit to the family picnic, the President will proceed through a food line, eat, mingle with guests (table to table), and give remarks to the group gathered. Savannah, Georgia - Ft. Stewart The President will land at Hunter Army Airfield, which is the headquarters for a battalion of the 75th Regiment Army Rangers, one of the earliest deployers in support of Desert Shield. From here, the President will fly via helicopter to Ft. Stewart, Georgia. Ft. Stewart, the home of the 24th Infantry Division (mechanized), was also one of the earliest divisions deployed to the Persian Gulf region. The agenda for the President has not yet been determined since the pre-advance will conduct walk-throughs Wednesday. West Palm Beach, Florida The President will arrive at Palm Beach International Airport and travel via motorcade to his mother's home in Hobe Sound, approximately 40 minutes north of Palm Beach. Following a private visit, the President returns via motorcade to the airport and departs West Palm Beach en route Andrews Air Force Base. Schedule A tentative timeline has not been produced yet but our preliminary estimate is that the South Lawn departure will be no later than 7:00 am and arrival back at Camp David will be as late as 10:00 pm. THE WHITE HOUSE Office of the Press Secretary For Immediate Release January 29, 1991 ADDRESS BY THE PRESIDENT ON THE STATE OF THE UNION The U.S. Capitol Washington, D.C. 9:09 P.M. EST THE PRESIDENT: Mr. President, and Mr. Speaker, and members of the United States Congress. I come to this House of the people to speak to you and all Americans, certain that we stand at a defining hour. Halfway around the world, we are engaged in a great struggle in the skies and on the seas and sands. We know why we're there. We are Americans -- part of something larger than ourselves. For two centuries, we've done the hard work of freedom. And tonight, we lead the world in facing down a threat to decency and humanity. What is at stake is more than one small country; it is a big idea: a new world order, where diverse nations are drawn together in common cause to achieve the universal aspirations of mankind -- peace and security, freedom, and the rule of law. Such is a world worthy of our struggle and worthy of our children's future. (Applause.) The community of nations has resolutely gathered to condemn and repel lawless aggression. Saddam Hussein's unprovoked invasion -- his ruthless, systematic rape of a peaceful neighbor -- violated everything the community of nations holds dear. The world has said this aggression would not stand -- and it will not stand. (Applause.) Together, we have resisted the trap of appeasement, cynicism, and isolation that gives temptation to tyrants. The world has answered Saddam's invasion with 12 United Nations resolutions, starting with a demand for Iraq's immediate and unconditional withdrawal and backed up by forces from 28 countries of six continents. With few exceptions, the world now stands as one. The end of the Cold War has been a victory for all humanity. A year and a half ago, in Germany, I said that our goal was a Europe whole and free. Tonight, Germany is united. Europe has become whole and free -- and America's leadership was instrumental in making it possible. (Applause.) Our relationship to the Soviet Union is important, not only to us, but to the world. That relationship has helped to shape these and other historic changes. But like many other nations, we have been deeply concerned by the violence in the Baltics, and we have communicated that concern to the Soviet leadership. The principle that has guided us is simple: Our objective is to help the Baltic peoples achieve their aspirations, not to punish the Soviet Union. (Applause.) In our recent discussions with the Soviet leadership, we have been given representations which, if fulfilled, would result in the withdrawal of some Soviet forces, a reopening of dialogue with the Republics, and a move away from violence. We will watch carefully as the situation develops. And we will maintain our contact with the Soviet leadership to encourage MORE - 2 - continued commitment to democratization and reform. (Applause.) If it is possible, I want to continue to build a lasting basis for U.S. -Soviet cooperation, for a more peaceful future for all mankind. The triumph of democratic ideas in Eastern Europe and Latin America, and the continuing struggle for freedom elsewhere all around the world all confirm the wisdom of our nation's founders. Tonight, we work to achieve another victory -- a victory over tyranny and savage aggression. We in this Union enter the last decade of the 20th century thankful for our blessings, steadfast in our purpose, aware of our difficulties, and responsive to our duties at home and around the world. For two centuries, America has served the world as an inspiring example of freedom and democracy. For generations, America has led the struggle to preserve and extend the blessings of liberty. And today, in a rapidly changing world, American leadership is indispensable. Americans know that leadership brings burdens and sacrifices. But we also know why the hopes of humanity turn to us. We are Americans: we have a unique responsibility to do the hard work of freedom. And when we do, freedom works. (Applause.) The conviction and courage we see in the Persian Gulf today is simply the American character in action. The indomitable spirit that is contributing to this victory for world peace and justice is the same spirit that gives us the power and the potential to meet our toughest challenges at home. We are resolute and resourceful. If we can selflessly confront evil for the sake of good in a land so far away, then surely we can make this land all that it should be. If anyone tells you that America's best days are behind her, they're looking the wrong way. (Applause.) Tonight, I come before this House and the American people with an appeal for renewal. This is not merely a call for new government initiatives; it is a call for new initiative in government, in our communities, and from every American -- to prepare for the next American century. America has always led by example. So who among us will set this example? Which of our citizens will lead us in this next American century? Everyone who steps forward today -- to get one addict off drugs, to convince one troubled teenager not to give up on life, to comfort one AIDS patient, to help one hungry child. We have within our reach the promise of a renewed America. We can find meaning and reward by serving some purpose higher than ourselves -- a shining purpose, the illumination of a thousand points of light. And it is expressed by all who know the irresistible force of a child's hand, of a friend who stands by you and stays there -- a volunteer's generous gesture, an idea that is simply right. The problems before us may be different, but the key to solving them remains the same. It is the individual -- the individual who steps forward. And the state of our Union is the union of each of us, one to the other -- the sum of our friendships, marriages, families, and communities. We all have something to give. So if you know how to read, find someone who can't. If you've got a hammer, find a nail. If you're not hungry, not lonely, not in trouble, seek out someone who is. Join the community of conscience. Do the hard work of freedom. And that will define the state of our Union. (Applause.) Since the birth of our nation, "We the people" has been the source of our strength. What government can do alone is limited -- but the potential of the American people knows no limits. MORE - 3 - We are a nation of rock-solid realism and clear-eyed idealism. We are Americans. We are the nation that believes in the future. We are the nation that can shape the future. And we've begun to do just that -- by strengthening the power and choice of individuals and families. Together, these last two years, we've put dollars for child care directly in the hands of parents instead of bureaucracies. (Applause.) Unshackled the potential of Americans with disabilities. (Applause.) Applied the creativity of the marketplace in the service of the environment, for clean air; and made home ownership possible for more Americans. (Applause.) The strength of a democracy is not in bureaucracy. It is in the people and their communities. In everything we do, let us unleash the potential of our most precious resource -- our citizens, our citizens themselves. We must return to families, communities, counties, cities, states, and institutions of every kind the power to chart their own destiny, and the freedom and opportunity provided by strong economic growth. And that's what America is all about. (Applause.) I know tonight in some regions of our country, people are in genuine economic distress. And I hear them. Earlier this month, Kathy Blackwell, of Massachusetts, wrote me about what can happen when the economy slows down, saying, "My heart is aching, and I think that you should know your people out here are hurting badly." I understand. And I'm not unrealistic about the future. But there are reasons to be optimistic about our economy. First, we don't have to fight double-digit inflation. Second, most industries won't have to make big cuts in production because they don't have big inventories piled up. And third, our exports are running solid and strong. In fact, American businesses are exporting at a record rate. So let's put these times in perspective. Together, since 1981, we've created almost 20 million jobs, cut inflation in half, and cut interest rates in half. And, yes, the largest peacetime economic expansion in history has been temporarily interrupted. But our economy is still over twice as large as our closest competitor. We will get this recession behind us and return to growth soon. (Applause.) We will get on our way to a new record of expansion and achieve the competitive strength that will carry us into the next American century. We should focus our efforts today on encouraging economic growth, investing in the future, and giving power and opportunity to the individual. (Applause.) We must begin with control of federal spending. (Applause.) That's why I'm submitting a budget that holds the growth in spending to less than the rate of inflation. And that's why, amid all the sound and fury of last year's budget debate, we put into law new, enforceable spending caps -- so that future spending debates will mean a battle of ideas, not a bidding war. (Applause.) Though controversial, the budget agreement finally put the federal government on a pay-as-you-go plan and cut the growth of debt by nearly $500 billion. And that frees funds for saving and job-creating investment. Now, let's do more. My budget again includes tax-free family savings accounts; penalty-free withdrawals from IRAs for first-time home buyers -- (applause) -- and to increase jobs and MORE - 4 - growth, a reduced tax for long-term capital gains. (Applause.) about the impact and the effects of a capital gains incentive. So I know there are differences among us -- (laughter) -- tonight, I'm asking the congressional leaders and the Federal Reserve to cooperate with us in a study, led by Chairman Alan Greenspan, to unproductive partisan bickering. (Applause.) sort out our technical differences so that we can avoid a return to and in the future, they must also be matched by long-term investments now But just as our efforts will bring economic growth for the next American century. that's exactly what we will be sending to the Congress. We've That requires a forward-looking plan of action -- and prepared a detailed series of proposals that include: A budget that promotes investment in America's future -- in children, education, infrastructure, space, and high technology; legislation to achieve excellence in education -- building on the partnership forged with the 50 governors at the Education Summit, enabling parents to choose their children's schools and helping to make America number one in math and science; -- (applause) -- critical investment in our transportation infrastructure; -- a blueprint for a new national highway system -- a (applause) -- levels of federal investment, and a permanent tax credit to a research and development agenda that includes record strengthen private R&D and to create jobs; -- (applause) -- a comprehensive national energy strategy that calls for energy conservation and efficiency, increased development, and greater use of alternative fuels; -- (applause) -- into the 21st century so that our banks remain safe and secure and a banking reform plan to bring America's financial system businesses and home-buyers. can continue to make job-creating loans for our factories, our Sound banks should be making sound loans now -- and interest rates You know, I do think there has been too much pessimism. should be lower, now. (Applause.) In addition to these proposals, we must recognize that our economic strength depends on being competitive in world markets. Round of world trade negotiations will create more real jobs and more We must continue to expand American exports. A successful Uruguay real growth for all nations. You and I know that if the playing field is level, America's workers and farmers can out-work, out-produce anyone, anytime, anywhere. (Applause.) And with a Mexican Free Trade Agreement and our Enterprise for the Americas Initiative, we can help our partners strengthen their economies and move toward a free trade zone throughout this entire hemisphere. (Applause.) home to put more power and opportunity in the hands of the The budget also includes a plan of action right here at individual. And that means new incentives to create jobs in our inner cities, by encouraging investment through enterprise zones. It also means tenant control and ownership of public housing. Freedom are the birthright of every American. (Applause.) and the power to choose should not be the privilege of wealth. They Civil rights are also crucial to protecting equal speak out against racism, bigotry, and hate. (Applause.) We will opportunity. (Applause.) Every one of us has a responsibility to continue our vigorous enforcement of existing statutes, and I will MORE - 5 - once again press the Congress to strengthen the laws against employment discrimination without resorting to the use of unfair preferences. (Applause.) We're determined to protect another fundamental civil right freedom from crime and the fear that stalks our cities. The Attorney General will soon convene a crime summit of our nation's law enforcement officials. And to help us support them, we need tough crime control legislation, and we need it now. (Applause.) And as we fight crime, we will fully implement our national strategy for combatting drug abuse. Recent data show that we are making progress, but much remains to be done. We will not rest until the day of the dealer is over, forever. (Applause.) Good health care is every American's right and every American's responsibility. And so we are proposing an aggressive program of new prevention initiatives -- for infants, for children, for adults, and for the elderly -- to promote a healthier America and to help keep costs from spiralling. (Applause.) It's time to give people more choice in government, by reviving the ideal of the citizen politician who comes not to stay, but to serve. And one of the reasons that there is so much support across this country for term limitations is that the American people are increasingly concerned about big-money influence in politics. So we must look beyond the next election, to the next generation. And the time has come to put the national interest above the special interest -- and totally eliminate political action committees. (Applause.) And that would truly put more competition in elections, and more power in the hands of individuals. And where power cannot be put directly in the hands of the individual, it should be moved closer to the people -- away from Washington. The federal government too often treats government programs as if they are of Washington, by Washington, and for Washington. Once established, federal programs seem to become immortal. It's time for a more dynamic program life cycle: Some programs should increase. Some should decrease. Some should be terminated. And some should be consolidated and turned over to the states. (Applause.) My budget includes a list of programs for potential turnover totalling more than $20 billion. Working with Congress and the governors, I propose we select at least $15 billion in such programs and turn them over to the states in a single consolidated grant -- fully funded -- for flexible management by the states. (Applause.) The value -- the value of this turnover approach is straightforward. It allows the federal government to reduce overhead. It allows states to manage more flexibly and more efficiently. It moves power and decision-making closer to the people. And it reinforces a theme of this administration: appreciation and encouragement of the innovative powers of "States as Laboratories." This nation was founded by leaders who understood that power belongs in the hands of people. And they planned for the future. And so must we -- here and all around the world. As Americans, we know that there are times when we must step forward and accept our responsibility to lead the world away from the dark chaos of dictators, toward the brighter promise of a better day. Almost 50 years ago we began a long struggle against aggressive totalitarianism. Now we face another defining hour for MORE - 6 - America and the world. There is no one more devoted, more committed to the hard work of freedom, than every soldier and sailor, every Marine, airman, and Coastguardsman -- every man and woman now serving in the Persian Gulf. (Applause.) Oh, how they deserve -- (applause) -- and what a fitting tribute to them. You see -- what a wonderful, fitting tribute to them. Each of them has volunteered -- volunteered to provide for this nation's defense -- and now they bravely struggle, to earn for America, for the world, and for future generations, a just and lasting peace. Our commitment to them must be equal to their commitment to their country. They are truly America's finest. (Applause.) The war in the Gulf is not a war we wanted. We worked hard to avoid war. For more than five months we, along with the Arab League, the European Community, the United Nations, tried every diplomatic avenue. U.N. Secretary General Perez de Cuellar; Presidents Gorbachev, Mitterrand, Ozal, Mubarak, and Bendjedid; Kings Fahd and Hassan; Prime Ministers Major and Andreotti -- just to name a few -- all worked for a solution. But time and again, Saddam Hussein flatly rejected the path of diplomacy and peace. The world well knows how this conflict began and when: It began on August 2nd, when Saddam invaded and sacked a small, defenseless neighbor. And I am certain of how it will end. So that peace can prevail, we will prevail. (Applause.) Thank you. Tonight, I am pleased to report that we are on course. Iraq's capacity to sustain war is being destroyed. Our investment, our training, our planning -- all are paying off. Time will not be Saddam's salvation. Our purpose in the Persian Gulf remains constant: to drive Iraq out of Kuwait, to restore Kuwait's legitimate government, and to ensure the stability and security of this critical region. Let me make clear what I mean by the region's stability and security. We do not seek the destruction of Iraq, its culture, or its people. Rather, we seek an Iraq that uses its great resources, not to destroy, not to serve the ambitions of a tyrant, but to build a better life for itself and its neighbors. We seek a Persian Gulf where conflict is no longer the rule, where the strong are neither tempted nor able to intimidate the weak. Most Americans know instinctively why we are in the Gulf. They know we had to stop Saddam now, not later. They know that this brutal dictator will do anything; will use any weapon; will commit any outrage, no matter how many innocents suffer. They know we must make sure that control of the world's oil resources does not fall into his hands, only to finance further aggression. They know that we need to build a new, enduring peace -- based not on arms races and confrontation, but on shared principles and the rule of law. And we all realize that our responsibility to be the catalyst for peace in the region does not end with the successful conclusion of this war. Democracy brings the undeniable value of thoughtful dissent -- and we've heard some dissenting voices here at home -- some, a handful, reckless -- most responsible. But the fact that all voices have the right to speak out is one of the reasons we've been united in purpose and principle for 200 years. (Applause.) Our progress in this great struggle is the result of years of vigilance and a steadfast commitment to a strong defense. Now, with remarkable technological advances like the Patriot missile, MORE - 7 - we can defend against ballistic missile attacks aimed at innocent civilians. Looking forward, I have directed that the SDI program be refocused on providing protection from limited ballistic missile strikes -- whatever their source. (Applause.) Let us pursue an SDI program that can deal with any future threat to the United STates, to our forces overseas, and to our friends and allies. The quality of American technology, thanks to the American worker, has enabled us to successfully deal with difficult military conditions and help minimize precious loss of life. We have given our men and women the very best. And they deserve it. (Applause.) We all have a special place in our hearts for the families of our men and women serving in the Gulf. They are represented here tonight by Mrs. Norman Schwarzkopf. (Applause.) We are all very grateful to General Schwarzkopf and to all those serving with him. And I might also recognize one who came with Mrs. Schwarzkopf -- Alma Powell, the wife of the distinguished Chairman of the Joint Chiefs. (Applause.) And to the families, let me say our forces in the Gulf will not stay there one day longer than is necessary to complete their mission. (Applause.) The courage and success of the RAF pilots, of the Kuwaiti, Saudi, French, the Canadians, the Italians, the pilots of Qatar and Bahrain -- all are proof that for the first time since World War II, the international community is united. The leadership of the United Nations, once only a hoped-for ideal, is now confirming its founders' vision. (Applause.) I am heartened that we are not being asked to bear alone the financial burdens of this struggle. Last year, our friends and allies provided the bulk of the economic costs of Desert Shield. And now, having received commitments of over $40 billion for the first three months of 1991, I am confident they will do no less as we move through Desert Storm. (Applause.) But the world has to wonder what the dictator of Iraq is thinking. If he thinks that by targeting innocent civilians in Israel and Saudi Arabia, that he will gain advantage, he is dead wrong. (Applause.) If he thinks that he will advance his cause through tragic and despicable environmental terrorism, he is dead wrong. (Applause.) And if he thinks that by abusing the coalition prisoners of war he will benefit, he is dead wrong. (Applause.) We will succeed in the Gulf. And when we do, the world community will have sent an enduring warning to any dictator or despot, present or future, who contemplates oulaw aggression. The world can, therefore, seize this opportunity to fulfill the long-held promise of a new world order, where brutality will go unrewarded and aggression will meet collective resistance. Yes, the United States bears a major share of leadership in this effort. Among the nations of the world, only the United States of America has both the moral standing and the means to back it up. We're the only nation on this Earth that could assemble the forces of peace. This is the burden of leadership and the strength that has made America the beacon of freedom in a searching world. This nation has never found glory in war. Our people have never wanted to abandon the blessings of home and work for distant lands and deadly conflict. If we fight in anger, it is only because we have to fight at all. And all of us yearn for a world where we will never have to fight again. Each of us will measure within ourselves the value of this great struggle. Any cost in lives -- any cost -- is beyond our power to measure. But the cost of closing our eyes to aggression is beyond mankind's power to imagine. MORE - 8 - This we do know: Our cause is just. Our cause is moral. Our cause is right. (Applause.) Let future generations understand the burden and the blessings of freedom. Let them say we stood where duty required us to stand. Let them know that, together, we affirmed America and the world as a community of conscience. The winds of change are with us now. The forces of together, united. We move toward the next abroad century to more do confident freedom are than ever that we have the will at home and what must be done, the hard work of freedom. May God bless the United States of America. Thank you very, very much. (Applause.) END 9:57 P.M. EST 1. NUMBER OF PAGES TELEFAX ELECTROMAIL TRANSMITTAL 12 2. FROM: (Unit, FAS, Location) 3. TELEPHONE NUMBER 4. CLASSIFICATION 354 TFW/CCE AV 748-7673 UNCLASSIFIED FOUD 5. TO: (Unit, FAS, Location) 6. DOCUMENT IDENTIFICATION Carol Blymire Speech Inputs 7. REMARKS (Indicate additional on-base distribution which will be made by the agency shown in Item 5) Hope this does the trick ! Tax F 202-456-6218 IT IS MISSION ESSENTIAL THAT THIS DOCUMENT BE TRANSMITTED VIA FAC3IMILE 8. DATE OF TRANSMISSION 9. TIME OF TRANSMISSION 29 JAN 91 1300 10. Robert RELEASER'S SIGNATURE 7 Rocco TAC FORM APR 84 272 *0.3. GPC1 1990. 737-002/92116 Jan NU DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE DEPARTMENT NL.OF HEADQUARTERS 354TH TACTICAL FIGHTER WING (TAC) MYRTLE BEACH AIR FORCE BASE SC 29579-5000 AMEX REPLY TO ATTN OF: 354 TFW/CCE 29 JAN 1991 SUBJECT: Inputs for Speech TO MS CAROL BLYMIRE (202) 456-7750 Follows is a list of facts you might find helpful: 1. In the Base contracting office, there is a worker who is a deaf mute. Her husband is currently serving in Saudi. We've made special arrangements to translate her morale calls -- giving her twice the allotted time to allow for translation. She is the inspiration of her office. Her name: Mrs Vicky Perry His Name: Sgt Jimmy Perry (Deployed Aircraft Maintenance NCO) 2. PROJECT SOLO (Send Our Love Overseas) A local cable TV company sponsored a campaign to send over 500 care packages to the unmarried deployees (October timeframe). The project also included a letter writing campaign by several local school children. All 500 packages were packed, addressed, shipped and received in country within 5 days. 3. THE FREEDOM TREE Readiness is our Profession Surfside Beach, SC is decorating a Tree with Red, White and Blue ribbons one for each of the MBAFB deployees. (Surfside Beach is one of the towns the base helped most during Hurricane Hugo Recovery) - 4. Air Transportable Hospital (ATH) The first Fighter Squadron deployed on 15 August (Led by our Commander, Colonel Sandy Sharpe). The ATH deployed with 120 people on 5 September. The ATH de- ployed 9 out of 12 of the wing's doctors and 17 out of 18 nurses. Our ATH is a 50 bed M.A.S.H. like operation. 5. HEROES The first two American Heroes of the war were members of the 354th Tactical Fighter Wing. Captain Paul Johnson and Captain Randy Goff assisted in last weeks rescue operation deep inside Iraqi territory. Their actions resulted in the successful rescue of a downed Navy A-6 aviator. -2- Excensed raye 6. OPERATION VITTLES II The MB Junior Chamber of Commerce (JAYCEES) sponsored a program in conjunction with our Family Support Center to raise food for the base food pantry (Food for families having financial trouble--sort of like our own version of free food for our own) They raised over $500 worth of food 7. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE Over $5,000 worth of goods (sun tan lotion, munchies, writing materials, bocks, etc.) was collected for distribution to our overseas location. In addition, dozens of local business' have begun catering to the needs of military dependents and active duty folks still here. Military discounts, discounts on utilities, etc. The town is One Thousand percent behind us and what we're doing! 8. LOCAL RADIO STATIONS -3- 5 Several local radio stations are offering free "Proud to support the 354th" type bumper stickers. Also, they have sponsored large room size Christmas cards that were huge morale builders to the folks in Saudi. I'd estimate each card had over a thousand messages/good luck type slogans. 9. PETERSON OUTDOOR ADVERTISING (BILLBOARDS) This company has donated space on over a dozen BillBoards in the MB area. All have a patriotic/support the troops/Good Luck MBAFB theme. 10. WING HISTORY - The 354th fired the last shots and dropped the last bombs during the Vietnam war. - The 354th was the Pioneer Mustang Group (1942) during WWII. - We had more Aces then any other wing - Air Offensives During WWII: Europe, Normandy, Northern France, Central Europe, others -4- 11. RESERVES/GUARD/AUGMENTEES Hundreds of Reservists, Guardsmen and Augmentees have deployed to support the wing (over 70 this week along) 12. BENEFIT SHOW The Dixie Jubilee (MB Version of the Carolina Opry) put on a show for military and dependents. Over $3,500 raised donated to the base chaplain's fund. 13. NUMBERS TOTAL DEPLOYED: Over 2,035 Total Tonnage: 3,495,400 Total Aircraft (MAC): 62 54 C-141; 7 C-5; 1 747 Manhours supporting deployment: Over 22,500 14. MICKEY SPILLANE Mickey spillane, a mystery novelist (WW II pilot, local area resident) wrote the "Myrtle Beach Mystery" for the deployed members of the 354th. Very well received both here and there. 5- 15. LEE GREENWOOD Country Music singer Lee Greenwood spoke at the first town meet- ing after Desert Shield began. His reassuring words helped calm a lot of nervous dependents. He also had his photo taken with "everyone" and went above and beyond in the "Good guy" category. 16. Some Facts: The 2 deployed fighter squadrons: The 353rd Panthers and 355th Fighting Falcons. They were led in our deployemnt by our wing commander Colonel Ervin C. (He goes by Sandy) Sharpe. I hope this helps. Please call me at (work) (803) 238-7673/1 or (home) (803) 626-1943 if you have any questions. Qut 2. am ROBERT F. ROCCO, First Lieutenant, USAF Executive Officer to the Wing Commander 3541FW/CVV ICL. (40-0170 Jan 23,51 . FACT SHEET UNITED STATES AIR FORCE COMM 354TH TACTICAL FIGHTER WING (TAC), PUBLIC AFFAIRS DIVISION (803) 238-7552 AV748-7552 354th Tactical Fighter Wing The 354th Tactical Fighter Wing is headquartered at Myrtle Beach, S.C., where it was activated as a Tactical Air Command unit on Nov. 19, 1956. The wing traces its lineage to:World War II when it was first established as the 354th Fighter Group at Hamilton Field, Calif., on Nov. 15, 1942. The 354th was one of the first U.S. Army Air Corps units to fly the P-51B Mustang aircraft in combat, earning the nickname "Pioneer Mustang Group". During the group's short combat life of 17 months and eight days, the 354th flew 1,383 missions and produced 38 aces. It achieved the highest air-to-air combat record of any fighter group, downing more than 701 enemy aircraft and destroying 255 more on the ground. The 354th also destroyed 150 armored vehicles, 584 locomotives, 55 bridges, 113 gun sites, 15 ammunition dumps, 37 hangars, 834 buildings, nine airdromes, 34 horse-drawn vehicles and 5,282 railroad cars. Maj. James H. Howard, 356th Fighter Squadron commander, was the only fighter pilot of the European Theater of Operations to be awarded the Medal of Honor. Major Howard earned the medal for singlehandedly warding off more than 30 enemy single and twin-engine aircraft as they attempted to shoot down U.S. B-17 bombers. The 354th returned to the United States on Nov. 15, 1945, and was inactivated at Bolling Field, Washington, D.C., on March 31 the following year. The unit was reborn as a fighter-day wing at Myrtle Beach in 1956 and was redesignated as the present-day 354th Tactical Fighter Wing on July 1, 1958. Initially equipped with B-25s, C-45s and SA-16 aircraft, the wing received F-100D Super Sabres between February and June 1957. During the next 13 years, units of the wing participated in training exercises, pulled rotational duty in support of North Atlantic Treaty Organization commitments, took part in several crises, and saw action in Southeast Asia. Near the end of the period, all of the wing's tactical fighter squadrons were deployed ovèrseas (Spain, Japan and Vistnam), and the wing was transferred without personnel and equipment to Korea. (Current as of March 1990) -more- MYRTLE BEACH AFB, SC. 29579.5000 In June 1970 the 354th returned to Myrtle Beach, converted from the F-100D to the A-7D Corsair II, and subsequently became the first operational A-7D unit in the United States Air Force. In October 1972, the wing deployed to Korat Royal Thai Air Base, Thailand, and introduced the plane into combat. On Aug. 15, 1973, two A-7Ds assigned to the wing fired the last shots and dropped the last bombs expended by U.S. forces in the Southeast Asia war, When the wing ended its Thailand operations on May 24, 1974, some 10,000 sorties had been flown. The wing was back at Myrtle Beach flying combat training missions by the end of the same month. In early 1977 the wing began conversion to the A-10 Thunderbolt II close air support aircraft, becoming the first operational A-10 wing in the U.S. Air Force by October 1978. Since the conversion the wing's flying units have participated in training exercises in the contenental United States, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Canada, Cuba, Germany, Korea and Egypt. The mission of the 354th Tactical Fighter Wing is to maintain the capability to deploy worldwide and to provide close air support and anti-armor operations in a low, medium or high threat environment. Its flying units are: 353rd Tactical Fighter Squadron (Black Panthers), 355th Tactical Fighter Squadron (Fightin' Falcons) and 356th Tactical Fighter Squadron (Green Demons). -30- 1.1 VOLUME 18 M to Mexico City THE ENCYCLOPEDIA AMERICANA INTERNATIONAL EDITION COMPLETE IN THIRTY VOLUMES FIRST PUBLISHED IN 1829 GROLIER INCORPORATED International Headquarters: Danbury, Connecticut 06816 that were not possible ipped with scuba can previ- udying marine life in this use logists, however, spend little water." Many spend or more of con- scattered orld. The laboratories-the Italy-was founded ologist Anton Dohrn. Other of worldwide fame include Station in Plymouth, En- achusetts. Biology Laboratory in biology as an organized innings largely in a series of expeditions by the British. ese-and the greatest oceano- time-was that of the HMS Among its distinguished Charles Wyville Thomson and The Challenger expedition tra- (111,000 km), collected data 4,717 new species of ma- recorded one depth of 28,850 -the "Challenger Deep." The this expedition, issued over 23 DEFENSE DEPT. PHOTO (MARINE CORPS) 30,000 pages in 50 volumes. The Marine Corps Memorial in Arlington, Va., commemorates the Marine capture of Iwo Jima island in 1945. regard these reports as the oceanography rests. living where sea meets MARINE CORPS, United States, combined armed A Marine division is roughly comparable to a cessible and thus more easily force of both ground and air elements. Usually U.S. Army infantry division in size, organization, living in the depths. Thus thought to be a part of the U.S. Navy, the Ma- and combat strength. A principle difference is enerally about shallow-water rine Corps is in fact and by law a separate the Marine Corps' emphasis on amphibious op- forms. In Britain the service, along with the Navy, in the Department erations. A Marine aircraft wing has a varying organisms was stimulated by of the Navy. With 185,000 persons and about number of aircraft groups operating a range of whose book A Naturalist's 1,000 aircraft, it is larger than most of the world's aircraft types, about equally divided between evonshire Coast (1853) was armies and flies more aircraft than most of the fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters. erzealous amateurs threatened world's air forces. Commanding the Marine Corps For operations, air and ground elements are life. In the United States is the Commandant of the Marine Corps, a title joined into air-ground task forces. The largest of marine biologists have in use since 1798. and most powerful is a Marine Amphibious uenced by Between Pacific Organization and Mission. The National Security Force (MAF), having one or more divisions and in 1939 by the biologist Act of 1947, as amended. provides that the Ma- wings. Smaller, but still potent, is the Marine rine Corps shall: (1) be organized into not Amphibious Brigade (MAB)-usually a regimen- half of the 19th century fewer than three combat divisions and three air tal landing team and a composite aircraft group. by the great Manx marine wings; (2) provide fleet marine forces of com- The smallest air-ground team is the Marine Am- Forbes, believed that marine bined arms, together with supporting air com- phibious Unit (MAU)-normally a battalion land- only shallow water. His own ponents, for service with the fleet; (3) develop ing team and a composite aircraft squadron. Forbes that below 1,800 tactics, techniques, and equipment for use by MAU's are routinely embarked with the Sixth darkness and pressure pre- landing forces; and (4) perform such other du- Fleet in the Mediterranean and eastern Atlantic ntradictory evidence accumu- ties as the president may direct. and with the Seventh Fleet in the western Pa- from more than 6,000 feet About 60% of the Marine Corps' strength is in cific and Indian Ocean. ntained living foraminiferans, the Fleet Marine Forces. The Commanding organisms covered submarine General, Fleet Marine Force. Atlantic (FMFLant) Enlisted Marines get their recruit or "boot" up for repair from more is operationally the subordinate of the Com- training in Parris Island, S. C., or San Diego, Calif. Officer training is in Quantico, Va. Ma- meters). The voyages of mander in Chief, Atlantic Fleet. The Command- rine aviators receive their flight training in Pensa- (1868) and Porcupine ing General, Fleet Marine Force, Pacific settled the issue; hauls from (FMFPac) is subordinate to the Commander in cola, Fla. There is a large combined-arms training 400 feet (4,400 meters) pro- Chief, Pacific Fleet. center at Twenty-Nine Palms in the California creatures. Forbes' view, al- desert. The Marine Corps' major logistics bases FMFLant has assigned to it the 2d Marine stimulated research that vastly Division, based at Camp Lejeune, N. C., and the are in Albany, Ga., and Barstow. Calif. nderstanding of marine life. 2d Marine Aircraft Wing, based at Cherry Point, History and Traditions. On Nov. 10, 1775, the who pioneered marine bio- of N.C., and Beaufort. S.C. FMFPac has the 1st date observed by Marines as their "birthday," of the distribution the 3d Marine Aircraft Wing at El Toro, Calif., Marine Division at Camp Pendleton. Calif., and the Continental Congress authorized two battal- ions of Marines. In March 1776 the Continental BARBARA N. BURKETT and Yuma, Ariz. In the Pacific, FMFPac has the Marines rendered their first expeditionary service, Gardner-Webb College 3d Marine' Division in Okinawa and the 1st Ma- a successful raid against New Providence in the Finchman, A. A., Basic rine arate Aircraft Wing in Japan and Okinawa. A sep- Bahamas. Aboard sailing ships, Marines were Lenihan, John, and (Academic Press 19thers Nybakes air-ground brigade is maintained in Hawaii. indispensable as enforcers of shipboard discipline There is also a Reserve 4th Marine Division and as musketmen in close-range actions. An Ecological L., An Introduction to the are distributed throughout the United States. and 4th Marine Aircraft Wing. Reserve units The U.S. Marine Corps, as such, was estah Brown 1980). lished by law on July 11. 1798. Marines serve at sea in the quasi-war with France (1798-1800) 323 MARINE OFFICER RANK INSIGNIA General Lieutenant Major General General Brigadier General Colonel Lieutenant Major Colonel Captain 2 3 4 MARINE CORPS EMBLEM First Second Warrant Chief Warrant Officer Lieutenant Lieutenant Officer 1 MARINE ENLISTED RANK INSIGNIA Sergeant Major Master Master Sergeant First Sergeant Sergeant of the Major Gunnery Marine Corps Sergeant Lance Corporal COURTESY WALKER Gunnery Sculptor Marino Marini specialize Sergeant Staff Sergeant Sergeant Corporal Private First Class such as Horse and Rider, done and in the campaigns against the Barbary pirates 1945), therefore, a body of doctrine and tech- MARINI, mä-rë'në, Marino ( (1801-1815). In the War of 1812, in addition niques that served it well in such battles as sculptor, whose bronze, WO to sea service, small battalions fought at Guadalcanal, Bougainville, Tarawa, New Britain, human figures and equestri Bladensburg, Md., and New Orleans. Kwajalein, Eniwetok (Enewetak), Saipan, Guam, simple form and rigid poses Ensuing years saw service against pirates and Tinian, Peleliu, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa. Marine chaic Greek sculpture. Their slave traders. A regiment was assigned to the strength reached six divisions and five aircraft surfaces, sometimes with tra Army for the Seminole War (1836-1842). Ma- wings. plaster, serve to enhance the rines were active in the Mexican War (1846- In 1950, during the Korean War, a Marine ciations. 1848), making many landings along both the Gulf brigade joined in the defense of the Pusan perim- Marini was born in Pistoi and California coasts and providing a battalion eter and the 1st Marine Division, supported by He studied painting and etch to the Army column that captured Mexico City. the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing, landed at Inchon of Fine Arts, Florence, but The Marine Corps' role in the Civil War and recaptured Seoul. During that bitter winter, turned to sculpture. He taug (1861-1865) was minor, consisting of providing Marines made an epic withdrawal from the art school in Monza and, afte landing-force battalions to the Navy squadrons Chosin Reservoir. academy in Milan. Marini S blockading the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the Marines were the first U.S. ground troops Paris and during World War Confederacy. In the last third of the 19th cen- used in Vietnam. The Third Marine Amphibious land. His reputation becam tury Marines were used increasingly in small- Force was in continuous combat from 1965 until 1935, when he won first pri scale precautionary or punitive landings, largely 1971, notably in the battles of Khe Sanh and Hué. nale Romana. in East Asia and the Caribbean. Readiness for Subsequent to Vietnam, increasing attention Marini credits late Gothi expeditionary service was demonstrated in the was given to possible employment of Marines as in Augsburg, Germany, with Spanish-American War (1898), when a Marine a reinforcement on the flanks of NATO and as a gin his long series of horses battalion was promptly formed and seized Guan- principal element of a joint rapid deployment the other tanamo Bay, Cuba. force that could be deployed worldwide. A Marine regiment served in the Philippine The Marine Corps is rich in traditions. The Insurrection (1899-1904), and a regiment Commandant's House, first occupied in 1S06, is marched to Peking during the Boxer Rebellion the oldest official residence in continuous use in Hamburg). A Marini retros (1900). A Marine brigade formed the vanguard Washington. The green color of the service uni- Rome in 1966. He died in for the landing at Veracruz, Mexico, in 1914. form dates from the Continental Marines, the Aug. 6, 1980. Sizable Marine forces were used in legation blue of the dress uniform from 1798. The motto MA guards and garrisons in China (1905-1941) and Semper Fidelis ("Always Faithful") was adopted New York City for interventions in the Caribbean-intermittently immediately after the Civil War, as was the in Panama, Cuba, and Nicaragua, and at length familiar eagle, globe, and anchor emblem. Also in Haiti (1915-1934) and the Dominican Re- dating from about that time is The Marine Hymn Gallese, MARINUS mistakenly I, ma-rines, known pop public (1916-1924). ("Halls of Montezuma"). The sword carried by The 4th Marine Brigade, sent to France dur- and has a Mameluke hilt commemorating early He was the Fourth Counci near Rome, he be as Marine officers is of a pattern approved in 1826 ing World War I (1917-1918), gained world- created of Ca wide fame at Belleau Wood. After the war the service against the Barbary pirates. U.S. Marines continued its study of amphibious EDWIN H. SIMMONS warfare. It had ready for World War II (1941- Director of Marine Corps History and Museums THE be succeeded. He Healved succeeded. He He Holved b him to his 324 K INSIGNIA MARINI-MARION 325 Major Marinus was a friend of Emperor Charles General Brigate III (the Fat) and of Alfred the Great. At Al- General fred's request, he exempted the Roman Schola Saxonum from taxation. MARINUS II, ma-ri'nas, pope from 942 to 946. Major He was mistakenly known as Martin III. A Ro- Capta.ne man priest, he was elevated to the papacy at the death of Stephen VIII, by the Roman dictator 2 3 4 Alberic II, duke of Spoleto. He did not oppose Alberic's rule but worked to improve clerical Chief Warrant Officer discipline, help the poor, and restore Roman basilicas. He also attempted to end the warfare among Italian princes. MARION, mar'ē-an, Francis (c. 1732-1795), partisan leader in the American Revolution, known as the "Swamp Fox." He was born about 1732 in St. John's Parish, Berkeley county, S. C., of Huguenot parents who farmed along the Santee River. As a young man of 16 he gave up his ambition of becoming a sailor after surviving Sergeant First Sergeant a shipwreck. In 1761 he distinguished himself as a lieutenant of militia in an expedition against the Cherokee Indians. Marion rose to a position of prominence in his community. In 1775 he was a delegate to Lance Corporal the South Carolina Provincial Congress, and in that year was named a captain in the 2d South Carolina Regiment. Promoted to major in Febru- COURTESY WALKER ART CENTER-ERIC SUTHERLAND ary 1776, he participated in the defense of Sculptor Marino Marini specialized in equestrian works, Charleston on June 28. Later in 1776 he was poral Private First Class such as Horse and Rider, done about 1949. promoted to lieutenant colonel and assumed command of the regiment. In October 1779 he led his command in an unsuccessful assault a body of doctrine and tech. MARINI, mä-rē'nē, Marino (1901-1980), Italian against Savannah. ed it well in such battles as sculptor, whose bronze, wood, and terra-cotta Fortunately for his future, a broken ankle gainville, Tarawa, New Britain, human figures and equestrian works have the saved him from capture when Charleston fell to tok (Enewetak), Saipan, Guam, simple form and rigid poses of Etruscan or ar- the British on May 12, 1780. With all organized VO Jima, and Okinawa. Marine chaic Greek sculpture. Their sensitively textured resistance in South Carolina at an end, Marion six divisions and five aircraft surfaces, sometimes with traces of gilt, paint, or began his career as a guerrilla leader. As a plaster, serve to enhance the archaeological asso- partisan, he participated in skirmishes and bat- ng the Korean War, a Marine ciations. tles at Great Savannah, Blue Savannah, Black the defense of the Pusan perim- Marini was born in Pistoia on Feb. 27, 1901. Mingo, Tearcoat Swamp, Georgetown, and Half- Marine Division, supported by He studied painting and etching at the Academy ircraft Wing, landed at Inchon of Fine Arts, Florence, but in the late 1920's eoul. During that bitter winter. turned to sculpture. He taught at the Villa Reale Francis Marion, the "Swamp Fox," led daring guerrilla 11 epic withdrawal from the art school in Monza and, after 1940, at the Brera raids on British forces during the American Revolution. academy in Milan. Marini spent long periods in THE BETTMANN ARCHIVE the first U.S. ground troops Paris and during World War II lived in Switzer- The Third Marine Amphibious land. His reputation became international after tinuous combat from 1965 until 1935, when he won first prize in the Quadrien- 1e battles of Khe Sanh and Hue. nale Romana. Vietnam. increasing attention Marini credits late Gothic equestrian figures ible employment of Marines as in Augsburg, Germany, with inspiring him to be- n the flanks of NATO and as a gin his long series of horses and riders in 1936. of a joint rapid deployment Among the other subjects that he favored are be deployed worldwide. female figures, such as Dancer (1954; Hirshhorn Corps is rich in traditions. The Collection, Washington, D.C.), and portrait buse, first occupied in 1806, is heads, such as Stravinsky (1951; Kunsthalle, residence in continuous use in Hamburg). A Marini retrospective was held in green color of the service uni- Rome in 1966. He died in Viareggio, Italy, on the Continental Marines, the Aug. 6, 1980. uniform from 1798. The motto MARILYN L. SCHAEFER Always Faithful") was adopted New York City Community College the Civil War, as was the be. and anchor emblem. Also MARINUS I, me-rines, pope from 882 to 884. that time is The Marine Hymn He was mistakenly known as Martin II. Born in zuma"). The sword carried by Gallese, near Rome, he became a deacon and of a pattern approved in 1826 attended He the Fourth Council of Constantinople. uke hilt commemorating early treasurer he of the Holy See by John VIII, whom was created bishop of Caere (Cerveteri) and Barbary pirates. EDWIN H. SIMMONS succeeded. He absolved Formosus of all cen- e Corps History and Museums sure and restored him to his see.