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1
TESTIMONY
PRESENTED BEFORE
THE SENATE BUDGET COMMITTEE
BY
WILLIAM M. DIEFENDEFER, III
DEPUTY DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET
FEBRUARY 20, 1991
Mr. Chairman, Members of the Committee, it is a pleasure to
be with you today to outline the general concept and philosophy
underlying the President's initiative to turn over a number of
Federal programs to the States, consolidating them into a single
block grant.
WHAT IT IS:
The general concept of the initiative is straightforward.
We will work with State and local governments, and the Congress,
to select several Federal grant programs for "turnover.' We
would then take the money that would have been budgeted at the
Federal level for the next five years and convert it into a
single block grant, thus providing the States with the ability to
manage the funds more flexibly and more efficiently.
The funding for the new block grant would approximate the
same distribution to the individual States as they would have
received under the present program structure -- seeking to ensure
that no State would be harmed by the proposal.
THE WAY IT WOULD WORK:
Some very basic principles guide the way the program would
work.
First, the list of federally funded programs must be
mutually agreed upon -- by the Administration, the States and
localities, and the Congress.
Second, the proposal is not some sort of budgetary gimmick
designed to reduce the Federal budget or specific Federal
programs. The Administration is committed to funding these
programs at the projected levels for the next five years.
Third, the proposal is not revenue sharing. Once the final
mix of programs is decided, the States would use the funds
provided in the same areas as the original programs, although not
necessarily in the same proportions and same ways.
Fourth, as I have mentioned, the proposal will have neither
winners nor losers. Once a list of programs has been agreed
upon, and a current funding level determined, we will calculate,
on a State-by-State basis, what the funding level should be,
based on the current distribution of funds in the programs that
would be turned over.
Finally, the list of "Potential Block Grant Programs" in the
Budget is just that -- "potential." The list, in effect,
provides in the 11 suggested programs illustrative examples of
what might be turned over. These total more than $21 billion in
Federal spending. We are already working with organizations that
represent State and local governments to select at least $15
billion in programs for turn over.
WHY DO IT:
The reasons for our proposal are as follows.
O
The proposal allows the States and localities to manage
a pool of resources more flexibly and efficiently.
O
The proposal allows those in the best position to
determine the needs of their citizens to be free -- to
target and focus Federal assistance in accordance with
each of their circumstances and to provide for
innovation, as "laboratories of democracy."
This last point is important. As the President suggested in
his State of the Union address: "The Federal Government too often
treats government programs as if they are of Washington, by
Washington, and for Washington." The President urged a more
dynamic life cycle: "Some programs should increase. Some
programs should decrease. Some should be terminated. And some
should be consolidated and turned over to the States."
Another reason for our proposal is the growing number of
specific grants to State and local governments. In 1980, there
were 428 such programs. That number was reduced to 297 following
enactment of ten block grants in 1982. But, by 1990, the number
had not only climbed back to where we were a decade ago, but
increased even further to more than 450!
Once again, we need to reduce Federal overload. Experience
with the block grants enacted in 1981 and 1982 has shown that
greater efficiency can be achieved if State agencies have more
flexibility in administering programs. As you may know, the
General Accounting Office has historically supported the use of
block grants as a way to "decongest" the Federal system and
provide a clearer focal point for accountability. GAO has found
2
that the States reported widespread management improvements under
the 1981 block grants. These focused on reduced time and effort
preparing applications and reports, improved planning and
budgeting practices, and better use of staff. The GAO concluded
that block grants work, and work well.
Our proposal would also permit reductions in regulation and
associated paperwork. The 11 candidate programs on our list are
currently subject to 1,028 Federal Register pages of regulation,
requiring an estimated 4.2 million hours of paperwork each year.
To gauge the opportunity for simplification, one has only to look
at the nine block grants established by the Omnibus Budget
Reconciliation Act of 1981. The number of Federal Register pages
was reduced from 905 to 31, and paperwork was reduced by 5.9
million hours, or 91 percent.
WHY THESE 11 PROGRAMS?:
Let me restate what Director Darman told members of this
Committee last week. "Conceptually we are firm. With respect to
specific programs, our list is strictly illustrative." Let me
give you a sense of why we picked these program as illustrative.
First, in the area of education:
1)
Impact aid payments to local educational agencies
compensate them when Federal activities result in
increased enrollments or losses of local revenue. The
impacts are local; the States are in a better position
to gauge the need for assistance.
2)
Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grants go to post-
secondary schools to supplement Pell grants and other
student aid. They are "campus based" and not portable.
The Budget proposes increases in the Pell grants
program and an increase in school matching for the SEOG
program from 15 percent to 50 percent. The States are
in a better position than we to judge how these dollars
might best be allocated.
3)
The Chapter 2 Block Grant Program makes formula grants
to States and local educational agencies (based on
school-aged population) to improve the quality of
elementary and secondary education in both public and
private schools. Why not let the States determine the
best uses of these education funds?
4)
Public library programs help libraries; the largest of
these programs consists of formula grants to States.
If these programs remain Federal, the Budget proposes
to limit their use to support of local library literacy
3
efforts. Again, why not let the States decide how best
to help literacy and libraries?
Second, in the area of environmental protection:
1)
EPA's construction grants program provides funds to
States to build municipal and regional sewage treatment
facilities. Since over 90 percent of treated sewage
flow is now treated at the secondary level, Congress
has proposed a phase out of this program over time.
The States are in a better position to judge the
remaining needs and allocations.
Third, in the area of health and human services:
1)
State welfare administrative expenses are currently
reimbursed at varying rates by the Federal Government
in connection with the Medicaid, Aid to Families with
Dependent Children, and Food Stamp programs. The block
grant proposal would permit consolidation of
administrative reimbursement, eliminating separate
accounting by program.
2)
The Social Services Block Grant provides funds to
States to support a variety of social welfare programs.
Inclusion of this program permits State and local
governments to manage their efforts in this and other
areas more flexibly.
3)
The Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program provides
money to States to help poor families pay their heating
bills. Consolidation of this program in the
Administration's proposal will allow States to
determine the best way to provide supplemental income
to poor people.
Fourth, in the area of housing and community development:
1)
Five public and subsidized housing programs are
included in this proposal. These provide funds to
Public Housing Authorities and others to assist low-
income housing through rental subsidies,
rehabilitation, crime and drug reduction, and
management services. These are all local needs, better
dealt with at the State and local, not Federal and
local, levels.
2)
The Community Development Block Grant Program funds
housing rehabilitation, economic development, public
works and social services through grants to cities and
States. These again are matters over which the States
will have a better sense than the Federal Government.
4
And finally, in the area of law enforcement:
1)
The Byrne Memorial State and Local Law Enforcement
Assistance Program provides formula and discretionary
grants to States and local communities for various
crime and antidrug programs. Consolidation of these
programs would provide greater flexibility to the
States in dealing with these problems.
These 11 programs were selected to serve as examples of the
kind of programs that should be considered for turnover to the
States. The programs all involve State and local
responsibilities; most of them are already largely managed at the
State and local level. By and large, we felt that these programs
provided good examples of Federal activities that could be better
managed closer to home.
Again, let me emphasize that the 11 programs or program
groups in the Budget were listed primarily as examples of what
might, or could be, consolidated. They are not a final list, but
rather a starting point for discussions with the Congress, and
State and local government. These discussions are under way, and
we will be providing details to the Congress in the coming weeks.
CONCLUSION:
This is a serious proposal. We have given it serious
thought and consideration. We know you will give it serious
thought and consideration. We also know our partners in
government, the States and localities, will give it serious
thought and consideration.
We have been enormously encouraged by what we have heard so
far. The Governors have been strongly supportive of the concept.
You have heard from Governor Ashcroft (currently Vice Chairman of
the National Governors' Association). State legislators are also
supportive. We have received letters from the National
Conference of State Legislatures and the American Legislative
Exchange Council. We have also heard, among others, from the
President of the Louisiana Senate, Samuel Nunez; the former
Speaker Pro Tem of the Colorado House, Paul Schauer; and the
Minority Leader of the Illinois House, Lee Daniels.
At the same time, we understand the problems presented to us
last week by various representatives of local governments
regarding the Community Development Block Grant Program. We have
asked them to provide us with a proposal in this area that would
meet their concerns. We have also heard from mayors who support
the full and open discussion of Federal programs that can be
administrated at the State and local levels. Among them are the
5
mayors of Madison, Wisconsin; Modesto, California; and North
Charleston, South Carolina.
But, most important, I would urge each of you to attempt to
focus the debate on the concept. Then, let's decide where we can
agree on specific programs, and move forward to construct a list
of programs for turnover that is mutually agreeable and
beneficial to all.
One last point. The President's target of at least $15
billion seems a reasonable minimum. It requires a substantial
sum to test a new concept. We propose to select the programs,
with the advice of the States and localities, and we propose to
commit to fund them fully over at least a five year period. Some
have suggested that these programs will be vulnerable once lumped
into a block grant. I would suggest they will be equally
vulnerable if they remain separate in the appropriations process.
We are not proposing to turn over programs of our choosing,
and we are not proposing to turn over programs with built-in
growth potential down the road and no funding commitment. In
this proposal, you get the money when you get the program.
Thank you for allowing me the opportunity to clarify and
amplify the Administration's goals and objectives with regard to
this "turn-over" initiative.
I will now be happy to take your questions.
6
STATEMENT OF
GOVERNOR JOHN ASHCROFT
STATE OF MISSOURI
BEFORE THE
BUDGET COMMITTEE
U.S. SENATE
HEARING ON BLOCK GRANTS
FEBRUARY 20, 1991
FEE 19 '91 05:17PM HHI GOVERNOR'S ASSOCIATION
P.3.8
Mr. Chairman, I am happy to be here today to discuss the block grant
proposal submitted in the President's budget. The major points of my
statement are as follows:
First, the nation's governors support the block grant concept
and we appreciate the willingness of
-Flexibility
Congress and the
Indegrate
administration' to include us in the design of the block grant.
programs
to best
advantage
in States
Second, the states have ten years of successful experience
administering block grants created from the Omnibus
Reconciliation Act of 1981. So we are not embarking on a
risky or untried course in working together to fashion yet
another.
Uses figures from our
testimony on paperwork/
regs.
GOUI.
Not indencived
Third, the National Governors' Association will be ready by -Administra-
in local portion
the second week of March to recommend programs to be included
tion List
illustative
of CBDG
in the block.
- work jointly
Need common
with NCSL
theme
Priority to eliminating
mandates
Fourth, we are anxious to go beyond the block grant concept to
Programs to be
turned over should
build a stronger federal-state partnership.
- Moratorium as mandato
be national in
scope, not just
special States
The National Governors' Association has responded positively to
Moratarium
President Bush's concept of turning over at least $15 billion in
on mandates.
Look forward
federal programs in a block grant. We believe this would represent
to work
with
another important step in improving the partnership between the federal
Congress.
and state governments. If enacted, a block grant should provide for
more effective and efficient program delivery at the state level. My
fellow governors and I are particularly pleased that Congress and the
FEB 19 'Yr 05:17PM NHI'L GOVERNORS ASSOCIATION
administration have reached out to us to build an improved
federal-state partnership. Our citizens cannot help but benefit when
we work together. In addition to this Senate Budget Committee hearing,
members of the House leadership have also indicated there seems to be a
desire to work closely with us.
The BLOCK GRANT CONCEPT
This concept is "another important step" in an improved federal-state
partnership because it is not the first step and we hope it will not be
the last. In the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) of 1981,
Congress eliminated 59 grant programs and consolidated nearly 80
narrowly focused categorical grant programs into nine broad-based block
grants. In the process, more than 600 pages of federal regulations
were reduced to less than a dozen. The states now have more than ten
years of successful block grant administration. Congress knew then
what it recognizes today with the block grant proposal -- that moving
decisionmaking closer to the citizens can improve service delivery.
Not only have the previous block grants been successful, but because
there is a new premium on integration of services a new block grant
would be even more effective today. Problems do not respect agency or
program lines. Reducing infant mortality, improving
school
performance, strengthening families, reducing teenage pregnancy, and
improving the quality of our work force all require a range of services
that cut across current agency lines. While states recognize the need
to better integrate and coordinate services, such efforts are often
complicated by the eligibility and programmatic limitations of narrow
categorical programs.
FEB 19 '91 05:18PM NHI GOVERNORS ASSOCIATION
is
There is, for example, a clear consensus that preventing dropouts
requires significant changes in school curriculum. However, it may
also require programs such as day care for teenage mothers, health and
social service programs to reduce teen pregnancy, child protective
services to deal with the problems of an abusive parent, drug or
alcohol treatment, or part-time employment or some other program to
facilitate the transition from school to work. Under current federal
grants each of these services is separately authorized, and several of
the individual services may be funded from more than one categorical
grant. Some are limited by the type of service that can be provided.
Others are limited by geographic area, financial eligibility criteria,
or the agency that can receive or administer the money.
This fragmentation often means that people do not receive the
combination of services they need to overcome their problems.
Investments in one area may be largely ineffective due to the lack of
critical support from another program or agency. This is a result both
of different eligibility criteria, and the barriers that both
recipients and service providers must face.
DEVELOPING THE GOVERNORS' RECOMMENDATION
The National Governors' Association plans to submit a block grant
proposal to both the Congress and the administration by the second week
in March. We plan to work jointly with the National Conference of
FEB 19 '91 05:18PM NAT'L GOVERNORS ASSOCIATION
P.6/8
State Legislatures to develop the proposal. The Governors'
recommendation will follow a set of guidelines that will maximize
program efficiency as follows:
The programs selected should have some degree of commonality
in purpose, type of services to be funded, or type of
clientele who are eligible for services.
Programs should be either categorical grants to state
governments or project/competitive grant programs where states
currently receive the majority of the funds awarded; the
Governors are not interested in including grants that are
currently targeted to local government.
Priority should be given to those grants that currently have
unduly limiting mandates and overly detailed administrative
regulations.
Programs selected should generally be national in scope and
not those that primarily benefit selected states.
There are currently over 475 categorical grants to state and local
government - 76 in elementary, secondary and vocational education, 69
in social services and 61 in health care. Clearly there are
considerable opportunities to consolidate many of these to increase
services to our citizens.
FEB 19 '91 05:18PM NHT'L GOVERNORS ASSOCIATION
While most Governors respond positively to the concept of a block grant
there is also some concern that the grant may be cut over time. If
this is the intent then Governors would not support final enactment.
MEDICAID - A FEDERAL STATE PARTNERSHIP
I have shared with you the nation's governors' support for the block
grant concept, the successful experiences states have in administering
federal block grants, and the timetable for response from the National
Governors' Association on a proposed block grant. My last point
addresses the Governors' desire to go beyond the block grant concept to
improve the federal-state partnership.
In the summer 1989, the National Governors' Association passed a
resolution calling for a two-year moratorium on new federal Medicaid
mandates. Despite the Governors' united plea, Congress continued to
mandate Medicaid expansions. In fiscal year 1990 alone, Medicaid
spending by all states increased by 18.4 percent to $61.4 billion and
consumed 12 percent of the state budgets. That placed Medicaid second
only to education as the biggest expenditures in state budgets. For
this year Medicaid is now projected to be up about 25 percent.
The Missouri experience is common to most states. While our general
revenue collections have increased an estimated 55 percent in the last
six years, Missouri general revenue spending for Medicaid has increased
131 percent in the same time period. Medicaid mandates are
outstripping the growth in state revenues. Since the plea to Congress
in 1989 for no more new Medicaid mandates so we could implement the
expansions already passed, fourteen more Medicaid mandates have been
enacted. The added Medicaid mandates in Fiscal Years 1991 and 1992
alone will require an $111.1 million increase in Missouri general
revenue.
While many of these expansion have worthwhile goals, the major and
cumulative expense to both state and federal governments poses a
significant opportunity cost for states and the nation. There is
simple less revenue to spend on education, children, and other state
services as health care costs spiral upward. Some of the mandated
changes merely shift Medicaid costs to states without providing any
additional services.
States are facing the toughest fiscal situation since the 1982
recession. More than 30 states will have deficits if they are not able
to reduce spending or increase revenues before the end of fiscal 1991.
The National Governors' Association adopted a policy at their meeting
in Washington two weeks ago that the governors "should be full
partners" in developing national domestic policy to address the
nation's immediate concerns and develop blueprints for renewed economic
growth and a better quality of life. We think a block grant proposal
is one important step in that partnership. An equally important step
is a moratorium on any new federal mandates, increases in state
matching ratios, and shifting of costs to your already over-burdened
partners in the state capitals.
I would be happy to answer questions.
FEB 21 '91 15:26 ALEC
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EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
STATE SECURITY OFFICE OFTER
OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20503
THE DIRECTOR
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
FEBRUARY 4, 1991
Attached are excerpts from the President's State of the
Union Message and Budget concerning the proposed turn-over of
selected programs to the States.
SINGLE CONSOLIDATED GRANT FOR THE STATES
The President's statement in the State of the Union Address
(January 29, 1991) :
"The federal government too often treats
government programs as if they are of Washington, by
Washington, and for Washington. Once established,
federal programs seem to become immortal.
"It's time for a more dynamic program life cycle:
Some programs should increase. Some should decrease.
Some should be terminated. And some should be
consolidated and turned over to the states.
"My budget includes a list of programs for
potential turnover totalling more than $20 billion.
Working with Congress and the governors, I propose we
select at least $15 billion in such programs and turn
them over to the states in a single consolidated
grant -- fully funded -- for flexible management by the
states.
"The value of this turnover approach is
straightforward. It allows the federal government to
reduce overhead. It allows states to manage more
flexibly and more efficiently. It moves power and
decision-making closer to the people. And it
reinforces a theme of this administration:
appreciation and encouragement of the innovative powers
of 'States as Laboratories.
The Director's Introduction to the Budget (February 4, 1991) :
"Some programs should be consolidated and turned
over to the States --- funded in more flexible form.
Programs appropriate for such turnover may be selected
from two broad categories: those whose purposes are
judged by States to be of continuing value, but whose
relative funding priority at the Federal level is
declining; and those which seem, in any case, to be
appropriate for flexible management by the States.
"The President has established a target of
$15 billion in program turnovers for the States. A
list of possible turnover candidates totaling over
$20 billion is at Table II-10. The actual. selection of
programs for turnover would have to be authorized by
the Congress -- in consultation with the Administration
and the Governors. (After the actual selection is
determined, the current distribution of such programs
by State would be calculated. The Administration would
then propose to replace these programs with a single
consolidated block grant to the States. The formula
for this new block grant would approximate the same
distribution to the individual States as they would
receive under the present program structure -- seeking
to assure that no State would be harmed by the move to
a new, consolidated block grant.)
"The American Federal system has within it an
enormous power for innovation: the natural variation
and experimentation among the States. For too long,
this potential has been under-appreciated at the
Federal level. Nonetheless, the reality is that some
of the most interesting examples of innovation are
being set by the States -- in areas ranging from
educational choice, to enterprise zones, to health cost
control, welfare reform, and transportation finance.
"The Administration seeks to reenforce this
natural power of the States -- and to help build upon
it."
Program candidates for potential turn-over (fully funded) :
See Table II-10 in the President's Budget for a list of
programs that seem to be appropriate candidates for turn-over to
the States. This list is provided to start the discussion with
the Governors and the Congress. It is understood and expected
that Governors and members of Congress may propose a different
list. The Administration intends to be flexible in trying to
develop a mutually agreeable set of programs for turn-over. The
President's target of at least $15 billion of such programs seems
a reasonable minimum, however.
NOTE: The set of programs listed at Table II-10 is currently
subject to 1,028 Federal Register pages of federal regulation,
requiring an estimated 4.2 million hours of paperwork each year.
2
Part One-22
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1992
Table II-10. POTENTIAL BLOCK GRANT PROGRAMS
(In millions of dollars)
Enacted
Proposed
Department/Programs
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
BA
0
BA
O
BA
o
BA
0
BA
0
BA
o
Education:
Impact aid payments
781
815
620
695
620
651
620
624
620
620
620
620
Supplemental education oppor-
tunity grants
520
404
347
498
347
352
347
347
347
347
347
347
Chapter 2 block grant
449
533
449
465
449
445
449
449
449
449
449
449
Public library services programs
143
155
35
115
.35
71
35
35
35
35
35
35
Environmental Protection Agency:
Construction grants
2,083
2,345
1,900
2,195
1,200
2,082
600
1,883
-
1,482
-
1,025
Health and Human Services:
State welfare administrative ex-
penses for Medicaid, AFDC,
and Food Stamps
5,178
5,167
5,878
5,867
6,453
6,440
7,062
7,048
7,701
7,686
8,366
8,349
Social services block grant
2,800
2,800
2,800
2,800
2,800
2,800
2,800
2,800
2,800
2,800
2,800
2,800
Low-income home energy assist-
ance program
1,610
1,669
1,025
991
875
796
625
552
475
393
375
287
Housing and Urban Development:
Selected public and subsidized
housing programs
5,512
3,185
4,789
3,805
4,837
4,484
4,897
4,685
4,961
5,036
5,026
4,968
Community development block
grants
3,200
3,073
2,920
3,097
2,920
3,061
2,920
2,906
2,920
2,914
2,920
2,915
Justice:
Byrne Memorial State and local
law enforcement assistance
program
490
342
490
421
490
475
490
481
490
484
490
491
Total
22,766
20,488
21,253
20,949
21,026
21,657
20,845
21,810
20,798
22,246
21,428
22,286
3
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
STATE LEGISLATORS SERVING IN THE PERSIAN GULF
(As of 2/19/91)
STATE
LEGISLATOR
SOURCE
Colorado
Rep. Mike Coffman (R)
State Legislators
Magazine - Feb. '91
Connecticut
Rep. Chris Burnham (R)
CT Minority Leader's
Office/Assoc. Press
Louisiana
Rep. Hunt Downer (D)
State Government
(At Ft. Polk, LA)
News - Feb. '91
Nevada
Rep. Jim Gibbons (R)
State Government
News - Feb. '91
NO Pennsylvania Rep. Paul McHale (D)
State Legislators
Magazine - Feb. '91
South Carolina Rep. James H. Harrison (R)
SC House Minority
Office
NO South Carolina Sen. Phil Leventis (D)
SC House Minority
Office
South Carolina Sen. Mike Mullinax (D)
SC House Minority
Stationed at Ft. Jackson
Office
NO Wisconsin
Rep. Stephen Nass (R)
State Government
News - Feb. '91
= ALEC Members (per Mee.)
111"2
late doctor
Moreover, inc
on
the
face indicates "the heart was beating" when
testified Wednesday. recaining
101
the terry-cloth ligature was applied, Carver
what she saw in Laczynski's ransacked apart-
hearts: and SOULA player
cut's chief
ment. She was the first police officer to
next led the jack of hearts -
said. Blood trapped in her left hand in-
obviously with an air of total
Wednesday
dicates she was alive when her hands were
arrive at the scene.
honesty, since South played low
: third jury
bound as well, according to Carver.
The apartment appeared "very dark"
again.
accused of
Evidence from the body also indicates that
when she first entered at about 12:30 p.m.
East couldn't stifle a horselaugh
three years
on Oct. 5, Rivera testified. A living area's
as he took four more hearts. and
Laczynski was manually strangled before the
South turned crimson as he went
terrycloth ligature was applied, Carver
light was off, although the bathroom light
down four.
ith murder,
added under questioning by prosecutor John
was on, Rivera testified. The living area's
WRONG PLAY
urglary. His
Malone.
blinds were shut, she added.
Her killer also wrapped a black vinyl belt
Doreen Hood, the co-worker who found
No reader would be so impolite
S unable to
as to laugh at poor South; still. his
around her neck, but that was loosely placed,
Laczynski's body, testified Monday that
play was not merely unlucky, but
er reporter
Carver said.
Laczynski's apartment lights were on around
wrong.
afford, was
He added that his examination showed no
6:30 a.m. on Oct. 5. Hood, who lived in the
If West has A-X-X of hearts.
iency apart-
signs of a sexual assault.
building next to Laczynski's, noticed the
South must lose three hearts, a
Hartford. A
Defense lawyer Joseph Moniz was to
lights when she opened the blinds in her own
diamond and the ace of clubs. If
West has A-X of hearts and East
nude and
begin his cross-examination of Carver today.
apartment.
has the ace of clubs, South's play
looks right at first glance.
hands were
But if West had A-x of hearts
it across her
and no other high card, he'd surely
overtake the first heart with the
th straps cut
ace and return his other heart to
scissors was
get out of his partner's way.
I that, police
South must therefore coura.
ence against
geously play the king of hearts at
; say belongs
Trick Four.
S McDonald,
rtford police
crime scene,
le print is his
SCRABBLE
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SCRABBLE and SCRABBLE GRAM are reç
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used 34 color
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your face from
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points of each word. using $c
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ch Wednesday
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Associated Press
have been hit
wo highway ov-
On the front line
SCRABBLE® BRAND GRAI
ach other. One
U.S. Marine Capt. Chris Burnham of Stamford, holds papers certifying that
E1
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he is a Connecticut State Representative after taking the oath of office for
said. No one was
a third term at his station in eastern Saudi Arabia. "I think that this is a call
H4
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L.
to honor," said the 34-year-old combat reservist, who left his job as a New
id why anyone
M3
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York investment banker to take part in Operation Desert Shield. "My first
I.H., who visited
oath of office is to the United States, and as such, I'm serving now at the
B3
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1 Tuesday night.
pleasure of the president." Burnham has been in Saudi Arabia just over a
overpasses have
week. His commanding officer administered his legislative oath in a brief
PAR SCORE 115-125
14-01
:r the years for
ceremony Wednesday, the same day other members of the General
SCRABBLE* and BCRABBLE-GA
and Canada, of Murkett Regency P
such as tossing
Assembly were sworn in during ceremonies in Hartford.
STATED BRIEFLY
Active duty for state legislators
State capitols are not immune
Among those called to active duty
tional Guard and serves with the
to the massive call-up of military
are Louisiana Speaker Pro Tem H.B.
Judge Advocate General's Office.
forces in response to Iraq's inva-
"Hunt" Downer, Nevada Rep. Jim
The unit was called to active duty
sion of Kuwait.
Gibbons and Wisconsin Assembly-
in December and quartered at Fort
The mobilization has hit executive
man Stephen L. Nass.
Polk near Baton Rouge to await fur-
and legislative staff in almost every
Downer, a 15-year veteran of the
ther orders.
state, and in some instances has
Louisiana House and an attorney,
While preparing to go on active
reached into the legislative cham-
also is a major with the 256th In-
duty, Downer found time to draft a
bers themselves.
fantry Brigade of the Louisiana Na-
military service relief act for Loui-
siana to clarify the legal and em-
ployment rights for reservists called
up and their families.
Nass was elected to his first term
in the Wisconsin House in Novem-
ber. Nass took his oath of office at
a special ceremony two weeks ahead
of other newly-elected legislators
before shipping out to the Persian
Gulf.
Nass, a Republican from White-
water, is a staff sergeant with the
128th Air Refueling Group of the
Wisconsin Air National Guard.
Another air national guardsman
who has been sent overseas is Rep.
Gibbons, a Republican from Reno,
Nev. A pilot with Delta Airlines,
Lt. Col. Gibbons also serves with
the 152nd Tactical Reconnaissance
State officials are among those who have been called to active duty. Shown is a
Squadron of the Nevada Air Na-
sentry on the USS Columbus.
Photo courtesy of the U.S. Navy
tional Guard.
Getting tough on deadlines
California lawmakers seeking
do it on time," said Speier. "In a cor-
Sen. Alfred Alquist, chair of the
to ensure that the Legislature
porate environment we would have
Joint Legislative Budget Commit-
approves the next state budget
lost our jobs. Instead we were paid."
tee, wants to establish a constitu-
on time - avoiding a repeat of
Another proposal by Sen. Quentin
tional revision commission to re-
last summer's month-long delay
Kopp would take away salaries and
form the budgetary approval pro-
- have proposed changes to prod
expenses from the governor and the
cess.
their colleagues toward that end.
legislators for every day they fail to
Assemblywoman Jackie Speier
meet the budget deadline.
Alquist said he planned to place
the issue before the voters in 1992.
introduced legislation in December
Kopp said in an interview in the
that would force lawmakers to for-
Jan. 1 issue of Cal-Tax News that
Said Kopp, "Budget problems will
feit $112 in per diem expenses for
the Legislature has been late an
worsen until we address the under-
each day the budget has not passed.
average of three weeks during 14 of
lying structural constraints that we
"We had a job to do and we did not
the last 19 years.
have placed in the process."
34 State Government News February 1991
first reading
Bills Aim at Fakers Mouthing It on Stage
Legislators in five states -
lions of dollars annually to
"The marketplace takes
does," Law says.
Massachusetts, Michigan,
hear the same music they
care of itself," says the New
"You will not find one
New York, New Jersey and
could listen to at home. This
England buyer of the biggest
buyer in America who has
California- have written
is at the very least fraud, very
musical acts on tour. He is
any right to adjust a show in
bills to require concert pro-
possibly larceny," he says.
opposed to any such legisla-
any way. You either buy it
moters to advertise con-
Michigan Senator George
tion mostly because he says
(the show) or you don't."
spicuously the fact that a
Hart agrees: "It's a consumer
the issue is between a legisla-
Law says his office has
musical artist or group uses
issue. You pay for a live con-
tor and the artist, not the
received no complaints or re-
recorded vocal tracks during
cert [and wonder if] they are
promoter.
fund requests that he knows
a live show.
actually singing. There's an
"We have no foreknowl-
of from disgruntled con-
The bills appeared just
aspect of misrepresentation
edge of what the exact act
sumers. He suggests that
days after the Grammy-
to it."
will be before it goes on. It's
legislators who receive com-
award-winning duo Milli
Cambridge, Mass. concert
the artist that's in every case
plaints should plan to catch
Vanilli was forced to sur-
promoter Don Law thinks the
100 percent, not 90 percent,
the artist for ticket refunds
render their gold prize after
so-called lip-synch bills are
not 95 percent but 100 per-
the next time he or she is
news stories reported they
unwarranted.
cent in control of what he
booked in the area.
did not sing on their album
Girl You Know It's True.
The five bills are similar;
each makes it mandatory for
Desert Duty Replaces Capitol Duty
promoters to make clear
before a consumer buys a
ticket that an act will be
lip-synching.
Pa. is one of a small number
to stay in the Gulf for more
Massachusetts Representa-
of state legislators who are
than six months. "I'm very
tives William Vernon and
currently stationed in the
sensitive to the fact that my
Kevin Poirier come from dis-
Saudi Arabian desert rather
constituents are entitled to
tricts that house the state's
than in the state capitol.
voting representation in Har-
two biggest performing arts
McHale is a major in the
risburg," McHale said before
venues, Foxboro Stadium
Marine Corps reserves and is
being shipped out. Coffman
and Great Woods Performing
part of a front line infantry
arranged for a fellow member
Arts Center.
unit. McHale volunteered for
to carry a bill he was com-
"We thought it appropriate
Gulf duty in December say-
mitted to.
to file legislation to protect
ing, "I felt that, in light of
In June 1990, the Depart-
consumer rights," says Ver-
world events, the proper
ment of Defense issued a
non. "These people shell out
Some state legislatures -
place for me was on active
directive that prohibits
substantial sums of money
like police departments, hos-
duty in the Marine Corps."
members on active duty from
for a ticket. It's really a mat-
pitals, bakeries and others -
The Pennsylvania House
holding civil office in a
ter of truth in advertising."
will be operating short-
of Representatives has
federal, state or local govern-
The Massachusetts bill
handed until the crisis in the
granted McHale an extended
ment. It also prohibits
would fine both ticket agents
Persian Gulf is resolved or
excused absence from the leg-
political activities such as at-
(up to $5,000) and promoters
members who serve in the
islature, as the Colorado
tending partisan political
(up to $50,000) who don't tell
National Guard are rotated
House of Representatives did
events or raising money for a
consumers what's in the act
home. The handful of legisla-
for Representative Mike
political cause. According to
ahead of time. Representative
tors who are in the Gulf
Coffman of Aurora. Coff-
a Pentagon spokesman, the
Vernon says he is confident
should keep an eye on how
man, like McHale, is a
directive will not apply to
the measure will pass.
long their stay is, for if they
member of the Marine Corps.
state legislators until they
New York lip-synch bill
remain on active duty for
Both men have made ar-
have been in the Gulf for six
sponsor Assemblyman Jer-
more than 180 days, the mili-
rangements for their consti-
months; then they will have
rold Nadler agrees that legis-
tary may require them to
tuents by asking their senator
to decide whether they will
lation in his state was
resign their legislative seats.
to handle constituent re-
resign their military commis-
necessary.
Representative Paul
quests. McHale stated that he
sion or their seat in the state
"Concertgoers spend mil-
McHale of West Bethlehem,
will resign his seat if he has
house.
8
State Legislatures February 1991
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20503
February 19, 1991
MEMORANDUM: FOR:
BILL DIEFENDERFER
FROM:
Frank Hodsoll Brank
SUBJECT:
Letters/Statements in Support of Block Grant
Attached are copies of letters (or statements) in support of
the block grant program (or at least discussion of the concept)
from:
National Conference of State Legislatures
American Legislative Exchange Council
Illinois Minority Leader Lee Daniels
Louisiana Senate President Samuel Nunez
Former Colorado Speaker Pro Tem Paul Schauer
Modesto, CA, Mayor Carol Whiteside
Madison, WI, Mayor Morris Wooden
North Charleston, SC, Major John Boehne
Boise, Idaho, Dirk Kempthorne
We expect specific responses on the substance of the
proposal from the Mayors and Counties within a week (including
CBDG) and from the Governors and State legislatures the second
week of March.
Attachments
FEB " '91 11149 ... NCBL WASH DC P,O1
NATIONAL CONDERENCE or STATE LEOIBLATURES
WASHINGTON OFFICE: 444 NORTH CAPITOL STREET, NW SUITE 500 WASHINGTON, D.C. 2000)
202-624-5400 PAX 202-727-1069
JOHN MARTIN
SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE
February 8, 1991
MAINE
PRESIDENT, NOIL
The Honorable John Sununu
WILLIAM RUSSELL
Chief of Staff
CHIBP LEOISLATIVE COUNSEL
The White House
VERMONT
Washington, D.C. 20500
STAFF CHAIR, NCSL
WILLIAM POUND
Dear Governor Sununu:
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
Thank you very much for meeting with Assemblyman Jim Tallon and me last
Wednesday. We were pleased to learn more about President Bush's block grant
proposal and welcome the opportunity to work with you and other members of the
White House staff on this critical project.
Following our meeting with you, Assemblyman Tallon and I met by conference call
with the other officers of the National Conference of State Legislatures - Speaker
John Martin, Maine; Senator Bud Burke, Kansas; and Representative Art
Hamilton, Arizona. All of us are enthusiastic about the concept you outlined to us
and the chance it would afford state governments to be more flexible and responsive
in dealing with a variety of domestic problems.
During our conference call, we agreed to a process for developing NCSL's response
to the President's proposal. On February 22, we will convene the chairs of the
standing committees that comprise our State Federal Assembly. They will draft a
document that would identify the program we would want included in the package
and, most likely, make recommendations about how the grant would be structured.
The NCSL officers then will present this document to our full Executive Committee
on March 9 in San Francisco. We will also discuss it with state legislative leaders
when they convene in Washington, D.C. on March 14. We would be ready, then,
anytime after March 14, to meet with you and the governors to reach consensus on
the proposal.
We look forward to working with you on this. Please feel free to contact Speaker
John Martin or me if you have any questions.
Sincerely,
Lee A. Daniels
House Minority Leader
Illinois
Immediate Past President, NCSL
5.09754
AMERICAN
LEGISIATIVE
EXCHANGE
IIIII COUNCIL
February 1, 1991
The Honorable George Herbert Walker Bush
President of the United States
The White House
Washington, D.C. 20500
Dear Mr. President:
On behalf of the 2,400 state legislators represented by the
American Legislative Exchange Council, we would like to offer our
congratulations on your State of the Union address, and our heartfelt
support for your courageous stand against the tyranny and brutality of
Saddam Hussein and Iraq's unjustified invasion of Kuwait. The
courage, vision and strength you have shown in leading the world in
this just and noble cause has been inspiring. Please know that our
thoughts and prayers are with you and the brave men and women of
our military and allied forces who stand in harm's way, ready to make
the ultimate sacrifice for freedom and justice.
We also offer our strong endorsement and enthusiastic support for
your proposal, in the State of Union address, to consolidate $20
billion of Federal programs and the transfer of their administration,
fully funded, to the states. Your commitment to "move power and
decision-making closer to the people" is an affirmation of the
fundamental principles of American representative government
established by our Founding Fathers. The membership of the American
Legislative Exchange Council, who are both in spirit and action the
ideal of the "citizen legislator,' is firmly committed to government as
Lincoln envisioned it, "of the people, by the people, and for the
people, not, as you accurately described it, "of Washington, by
Washington and for Washington."
Our experience has been that "the innovative power of 'states as
laboratories" has often gone unnoticed. Yet trace the history of many
Federal initiatives, such as parental choice in education, workfare
programs, and individual medical accounts, and the path leads to state
and local governments, the private sector, volunteer groups and
individual citizens. Therefore, states are also "laboratories of
democracy", forging dynamic partnerships between citizens and their
government for the improvement of their communities. By
strengthening government at the state and local levels we can best
harness the talents, creativity and energy of our citizens to challenge
and conquer the problems plaguing the nation.
We also applaud your commitment to policies, such as parental
choice in education, tenant ownership and management of public
housing, and Enterprise Zones to promote investment and create jobs in
our Inner cities, which empower people, not government, to Improve
their lives. In order for America to remain vibrant we must mustain
the basic American Ideals of Individual responsibility,
self-determination and equal opportunity. Government can offer a
helping hand, but It should not be In the form of the invisible
shackles of A welfare plantation. Independence is nurtured only by
ensuring that individuals have the economic opportunities and personal
freedom they need to succeed. The truth remains that the best
department of health, education and welfare is the American family.
Mr. President, you have led the world Into action against the evil
aggression of Saddam Hussein. After Kuwait is liberated, you will be
in the position to lead the nation into a new era of economic
opportunity and freedom. We offer our support to help build a national
consensus for policies that foster free enterprise, empower individuals
and families to achieve independence, and promote democracy both here
and abroad.
God Bless you, and God Bless the United States of America.
Sincerely,
Eller R.Soverby
Delegate Ellen R. Sauerbrey
Sam A. Brunelli
Maryland House of Delegates
Executive Director
National Chairman
FEB DE '91 09:10 ALEC
P.2
MERIOIN
LEGISLATIVE
Washington, D.C. 20002 Newslease
IIIIIECOUNCE
214 Massachusetts Ave.,
ALEC ENDORSES PRESIDENT BUSH'S PLEDGE
OF $20 BILLION TO THE STATES
February 1, 1991-Washington D.C.
On behalf of the 2,400 state legislators it represents nationwide,
the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) offered its "strong
endorsement and enthusiastic support" for President Bush's proposal
to "turnover" $20 billion in Federal programs to the states. ALEC also
applauded President Bush for his adoption of policies that would
"empower people" to improve their lives.
In a letter from Delegate Ellen R. Sauerbrey (MD-10), National
Chairman, and Executive Director Sam A. Brunelli, the ALEC membership
offered the President their support "to build a national consensus for
policies that foster free enterprise, empower individuals and families
to achieve independence, and promote democracy both here and abroad."
The letter also offered the President "our heartfelt support for your
courageous stand against the tyranny and brutality of Saddam
Hussein and Iraq's unjustified invasion of Kuwait."
The letter noted that the success of "states as laboratories' has
often gone unnoticed", and that many of the programs which have been
proposed at the national level began as efforts by "state and local
governments, the private sector, volunteer groups and individual
citizens," citing parental choice in education, workfare programs,
and individual medical accounts as examples. The letter added that
"states are 'laboratories of democracy', forging dynamic partnerships
between citizens and their government" providing the best opportunity
to "harness the talents, creativity and energy of our citizens.
In releasing the letter Delegate Sauerbrey said "Though some are saying
that the President gave the domestic agenda short shrift, his proposal
to turn over the management of Federal programs to the states is an
important initiative. Congress has a tendency to fight any move to
give states and localities any authority, though 1 hope in this case
they recognize the wisdom of the President's proposal."
For further information contact: Noel Card (202) 547-4646
####
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
February 19, 1991
MEMORANDUM TO: FRANK HODSOLL
Executive Associate Director and
Chief Financial Officer, OMB
FROM: MARY McCLURE we
Special Assistant to the President
for Intergovernmental Affairs
SUBJECT: SENATE BUDGET COMMITTEE HEARING
Deb Anderson asked me last Friday to accumulate some quotes from
state legislators for use in testimony to be given by William
Diefenderfer at tomorrow's Senate Budget Committee hearing
regarding the $15 billion block grant turnover proposal.
Accordingly, I have obtained the following remarks:
Representative Lee Daniels (R-IL), Minority Leader --
"You may say whatever would be helpful to you and attribute it to
me. I totally endorse the concept without reservation. I've
suggested we do a similar thing here in Illinois for local
government. In fact, Governor Edgar in his State of the State
message referred to the President's proposal and said we should
do the same and get rid of existing state mandates. If we can
give local governments similar flexibility with state programs,
the concept will work for them too." "
Senator Samuel Nunez (D-LA), Senate President --
"It's an idea that NCSL has always supported. We believe the
President is right on in helping out state and local governments
in this way. It's one (an idea) we should take advantage of to
its fullest potential. It comes at a time when revenues are
particularly needed by state and local governments, and it will
be of tremendous assistance."
Rep.
Senator Paul Schauer (R-CO), Majority Leader
former Speaker Pro Tem
He faxed a statement to Donna Rivelli and I am currently waiting
for Donna to fax it to me to give to you.
SENT BY:OFF MOT & BUDGET : 2-19-91 : 5:45PM
2023955835-
2027752710 a
FED-19-91 MON 14149
State Representative
SPEAKER PRO TEM
PAUL D BOHAUER
Chairman
7855 8. Jackson Coun
Finance Committee
Littleton, Colorado 20122
COLORADO
Home 770-3872
Business: 744-5536
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Capital: 866-2936
STATE CAPITOL
DENVER
February 18, 1991
80203
The Monorable Tiru Wirth
350 Russell senate Building
Washington, D.C. 20510
Dear senator Wirth:
The purpose of this letter is to express my, and & number of my
colleagues, support for the President's proposal to provide states
with a fifteen to twenty billion dollar consolidated grant to
fund a number of programs.
It is my understanding that the list of particular grant programs
to be included has not been finalized, and of course support of
the final proposal will depend on the comprisal of the grants.
It is also my understanding that on Wednesday the Senate Budget
Committee will be holding discussions on the President's proposal.
It is my hope that this will be the beginning of the discussion
and not an attempt to destroy the cooperative effort.
As one looks to the future, this effort could ultimately lead
to ongoing discussions on how to most efficiently provide our
constituents with the necessary services.
I look forward to working with you on this proposal. As a member
of the National Conference of State Legislature's Executive
committee, H want to apprise you of the fact that NCSL is currently
developing a response to the President's proposal, unfortunately,
it will not be ready until after the March 9th Executive Committee
Meeting.
I hope you will support the efforts of the President, and include
state legislatures in the process.
Looking forward to your correspondence.
Sincerely,
Paul D. Schauer
PDS/jr
CC: Frank Hodsoll, Executive Associate Director, OMB
Marv McClure, ACIR
7.2/2
CITY of MODESTO
Carol G. Whiteside, Mayor:
801 11th Street, P. O. Box 642, Modesto, CA 95353
(209) 577-5230
[TDD (209) 526-9211 Hearing and Speech Impaired only)
February 19, 1991
The President
The White House
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, N. W.
Washington, D. C. 20500
Dear President Bush:
This is one of the most challenging years faced by this country in its
history. Notwithstanding the crisis in the Persian Gulf, there are other
issues here at home which must be addressed.
In light of the very real deficit crisis facing us, I believe we must look at
new ways of getting limited funds to the people they are intended to serve.
While I join with the mayors who insist that Community Development Block Grant
funds must continue to be directly dispersed to cities and towns across this
country, I also believe that the people of one nation's cities will best be
served by a full and open discussion of programs which might better be
allocated through the states.
Unnecessary mandates, federal rules and requirements have long been the bone
of our existence. Tenaciously clinging to the status quo will only give us
what we had yesterday. In a changing world, yesterday's formula is not good
enough. I would welcome any process which allowed the cities and counties,
mayors and supervisors to sit down with state legislators, governors, and
Congress to explore new realities. Our shared commitment to do the best we
can for the people we represent requires that we deal openly and honestly with
the issues that confront us. Divisive power, partisian politics of the past
are no longer the solution.
Thank you for your leadership. Regardless of the outcome of this political
debate, the issues must be aired and the structure must be evaluated. Through
this process of debate and discussion, I believe, will eventually come the
public policy solutions we all seek.
Sincerely,
Carol G. Whiteside
Mayor
CGW:jr
CC: Governor John Sununu, President's Chief of Staff
Debra Anderson, Deputy Assistant to the President and Director of
Intergovernmental Affairs
William Affairs Canary, Special Assistant to the President for Intergovernmental
Citv Pride - Citywide
OF
ATTDISON
CITY
Morris Wooden
416 WEST STRE # 1
MAYOR
MADISON INDIANA 477%
(812) 265 8300
City of Madison
OFFICE OF THE MAYOR
February 6, 1991
President George Bush
White House
Washington, D.C. 20510
Dear President Bush:
I have been a supporter of yours since before the presidency of
Ronald Reagan. I am exceptionally happy with the direction that
you have led our nation. In your State of the Union address, I
feel that you are moving toward de-centralization of the federal
government relative to social needs.
Being a product of the 60's I understand the good hearted intentions
of letting big government take care of the poor and underprivileged.
However, as Mayor, I have seen millions of dollars of waste in
Jefferson County, Indiana (30,000 population) in housing, employment
and training and other programs. The federal bureaucracy has become
cancerous and non-productive. Your program to replace the authori
of the federal bureaucracy with state bureaucracies needs to move
one step further. The monies need to be directed to each county and
city of a significant size within that county.
The federal government should determine the uses for these monies
but allow each of the local units of government to establish the
program to satisfy its needs. It is the local elected official's
office that is the closest to the people. We are the ones that
receive the calls at night because of hungry children and the visi
tions to our office of the unemployed. We are also easily replace.
during an election if the needs of our people aren't met. Big
government has done a very poor job in replacing the private busin...
and charity sectors in our society. Local government needs the
flexibilitity to work with these entities, backed by whatever fed
funds are available, in order to satisfy the basic needs of our
community.
I am a 42 year old conservative Republican Mayor, elected in a nor-
Democratic city. I have owned my own business and have an M.B.A.
Page two
February 6, 1991
strong points are determining goals and needs, and developing and
implementing programs to achieve those goals or satisfy those needs.
I am also an excellent negotiator and coordinator. I would like to
be very instrumental with the plans to return the authority and
responsibility of social needs back to local government.
Good luck in the remainder of your first term in office. You can
count on my support for a second term.
Sincerely,
Mornis Wooden
Morris Wooden
Mayor
City of Madison
MW/11
P.S. We have organized a parade February 9th at 12:00 noon in
support of our military in the Middle East.
CC: U.S. Senator Richard G. Lugar
U.S. Senator Dan Coats
City of North Charleston
SOUTH CAROLINA
OFFICE OF THE MAYOR
JOHN L. BOURNE, JR
Mayor
February 19, 1991
The Honorable George Bush
President of the United States
The White House
Washington, DC 20500
Dear President Bush:
I an aware of the concerns expressed by local government
representatives about returning control of key urban aid programs to
the state level. It has been frustrating to see very few of the
Federal anti-drug dollars make it to the cities at all. The City of
North Charleston is an antitlement City under the CDBG program, and I
certainly would not like to see anything happen to affect this very
important City program, My City has used virtually all of the funds
available to it over the years in the poorest areas of our City and
has made meaningful improvements. I would certainly hope that nothing
happens to interfere with the City's entitlement portion of CDBG
funds.
I want to express my support for exploring all of the various options
available in fair and open discussions with local, State and Federal
representatives. I very much appreciate your including our local
government officials in previous discussions as well as future
discussions.
Sincerely,
Jane Band John E. Boxtue,
Mayor
JEBjr/smr
CC: Governor John Sununu
Debra Anderson
Bill Canary
Bob Isaace
Bill Althaus
Tom Cochran
Post Office Box 10100
.
North Charleston, S.C. 28411
Telephone (803) 554-5700
Fax (803) 745.1085
1,1111,
COUNCIL MEMBERS
BOISE
OFFICE OF THE MAYOR
MIKE WETHERELL DON BRENNAN
CITY OF TREES
COUNCIL PRESIDENT
DIRK A. KEMPTHORNE
H. BRENT COLES
MAYOR
SARA BAKER
KARMEN LARSON
COUNCIL PRO-TEM
JAY L. WEBB
February 19, 1991
The President
The White House
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20500
Dear President Bush:
As the United States Senate prepares to take up the issue of
transferring $15 billion in federal programs to the states for
more direct administration, I believe it is critical to include a
frank discussion of this proposal with U.S. Mayors, because that
is where these programs are being administered with success.
In Idaho, particularly in the capital city of Boise, we have
enjoyed a strong working partnership between the Federal
government and local municipalities, particularily in the
Community Development Block Grant program.
It is crucial that we not damage programs that are working, and
in my opinion, working well. However, I am willing to keep an
open mind and not commit myself to any outcome until all sides of
this issue are debated, and I will certainly encourage my fellow
Mayors to do the same.
As co-chair of the U.S. Conference of Mayors' Community
Development Task Force, I am committed. to the well-being of the
Block Grant Program and other federal-local partnerships, and to
the extent that I may be of assistance to you, I am willing to
serve. Please contact me if I can assist you in any way in this
important issue.
Sincerely
Jangth Dirk Kempthorne
Mayor
DK/bw
CC: John Sununu, Chief of Staff to the President
Debra Anderson, Deputy Assistant to the President and
Director of the Office of Intergovernmental Affairs
William Canary, Special Assistant to the President for
Intergovernmental Affairs
8
For this is a fact: Strength in the pursuit of peace is no
vice; and isolationism in the pursuit of security is no virtue.
Now to our troubles at home. They are not all economic, but
the primary problem is our economy. There are some good signs:
Inflation, that thief, is down; and interest rates are down. But
unemployment is too high, some industries are in trouble, and
growth is not what it should be.
Let me tell you right from the start and right from the
heart: I know we're in hard times, but I know something else:
This will not stand.
We can bring the same unity, courage and sense of common
purpose to the economy that we brought to Desert Storm. And we
can defeat hard times together.
I believe you will help. One reason is that you're
patriots, and you want the best for your country. And I believe
that in your hearts you want to put partisanship aside and get
the job done -- because it's the right thing to do.
The power of America rests in a stirring but simple idea:
That people will do great things if you only set them free.
Well, we're going to set the economy free, for if this age
of miracles and wonders has taught us anything it's that If we
can change the world, we can change America.
We must encourage investment. We must make it more possible
for people to invest money and time and create new products, new
industries, new jobs. We must clear away the obstacles to growth
9
-- high taxes, high regulation, red tape, and yes, government
deficits.
None of this will happen with a snap of the fingers -- but
it will happen. And the test of a plan isn't whether it's called
new or dazzling. The American people aren't impressed by
gimmicks; they're smarter on this score than all of us in this
room. The only test of a plan is: Is it sound and will it work?
We must have a short term plan to address our immediate
needs -- and heat up the economy. And we need a long term plan
to keep the combustion going, and to guarantee our place in the
global economy of the future.
There are certain things that a President can do without
Congress -- And I am going to do them.
I have this evening instructed every cabinet department and
federal agency to institute a 90 day freeze on any new federal
regulations that could hinder growth. In those 90 days all
departments and agencies will carry out a crash review on all
regulations, old and new -- to stop the ones that will hurt
growth, and speed up those that will help growth.
Further, for the untold number of hard working, responsible
American workers and businessmen and -women who've been forced to
go without needed bank loans: The banking credit crunch must
end. I won't neglect my responsibility for sound regulations
that serve the public good, but regulatory overkill must be
stopped.
I have instructed our government regulators to stop it.
10
I have directed every cabinet department, and every federal
agency, to speed up pro-growth expenditures as quickly as
possible. This should put an extra 10 billion dollars into the
economy in the next 6 months. And our new transportation bill
will put 151 billion dollars in six years into construction and
maintenance projects that are vital to our growth and well being.
That means jobs building roads, bridges, and mass transit.
I have this evening directed the Secretary of the Treasury
to change the federal tax withholding tables. With this change,
millions of Americans from whom the government withholds more
than necessary can now choose to have the government withhold
less from their paychecks. Something tells me a number of
taxpayers may take us up on this. This initiative could return
about $25 billion back into our economy over the next 12 months -
- money people can use to help pay for clothing, college, or to
get a new car.
Finally, working with the Chairman of the Federal Reserve,
we will continue to support monetary policy that keeps both
interest rates and inflation down.
These are the things I can do. And now, members of the
Congress, let me tell you what you can do for your country. You
you must pass the other elements of my plan to meet our immediate
economic needs.
Everyone knows that investment spurs recovery.
I am proposing this evening a change in the alternative
minimum tax, and the creation of a new 15% investment tax
11
allowance. This will encourage businesses to accelerate
investment and bring people back to work.
Real estate has led our economy out of almost every
recession we've ever had. Once building starts, carpenters and
plumbers work and people buy homes and take out mortgages.
My plan would encourage real estate construction by
extending tax incentives for mortgage revenue bonds and low
income housing. And it would modify the Passive Loss Rule for
active real estate investors.
For those Americans who dream of buying a first home, but
who can't quite afford it, my plan would allow first time home
buyers to withdraw savings from IRA's without penalty -- and
provide a $5,000 tax credit for the first purchase of any home.
And finally, my short term plan calls on Congress to give
crucial help to people who own a home, to everyone who has a
business, or a farm, or a single investment -- including a
pension plan.
This time, at this hour, I can't take No for an answer: You
must cut the capital gains tax on the people of our country.
Never has an issue been more demagogued by its opponents.
But the demagogues are wrong -- and they know it. (70%) of the
people who benefit from lower capital gains have incomes under
$50,000. A cut in the capital gains tax helps just about
everyone in our country.
And so, I'm asking you to cut their capital gains tax to a
maximum of 15.4 percent.
12
The opponents of this measure -- and those who've authored
various so called soak-the-rich bills that are floating around
this chamber --- should be reminded of something: When they aim
at the big guy they usually wind up hitting the little guy. And
maybe it's time that stopped.
This then is my short term plan. Your part, members of
Congress, requires enactment of eight common sense proposals that
will have a strong effect on the economy -- without breaking the
budget agreement and without raising taxes.
While my plan is being passed and kicking in, we've got to
care for those in trouble today. I have provided up to 4.4
billion dollars in my budget to extend federal unemployment
benefits. I ask for Congressional action right away.
And let's be frank:
I know, and you know, that my plan is unveiled in a
political season. I know, and you know, that everything I
propose will be viewed by some in merely partisan terms. But I
ask you to know what is in my heart: My aim is to increase our
nation's good. I am doing what I think is right; I am proposing
what I know will help.
I pride myself that I am a prudent man. I believe that
patience is a virtue, but I understand that politics is, for
some, a game -- and that sometimes the game is to stop all
progress and then decry the lack of improvement.
But let me tell you: far more important than my political
future -- and far more important than yours -- is the well being
13
of our country. Members of this Chamber are practical people,
and I know you won't resent some practical advice: When people
put their party's fortunes before the public good, they court
defeat not only for their country, but for themselves. And they
will certainly deserve it.
I submit my plan tomorrow. I am asking you to pass it
intact by March 20 15th. And I ask the American people to let you
know they want this action by March 15th. 20
From the day after that, if it must be: the battle is
joined.
And you know, when principle is at stake I relish a good
fair fight.
We are going to lift this nation out of hard times inch by
inch and day by day, and those who would stop us had best step
aside. Because I look at hard times and I make this vow: This
will not stand.
I said my plan has two parts, and it does. And it is the
second part that is the heart of the matter. For it's not enough
to get an immediate burst -- we need long term improvement in our
economic position.
We all know that the key to our economic future is to ensure
that America continues as the economic leader of the world. We
have that in our power.
Here, then, is my long term plan to guarantee our future.
First, trade: We will work to break down the walls that
stop world trade. We will work to open markets everywhere.
14
In our major trade negotiations I will continue pushing to
eliminate damaging tariffs and subsidies -- especially in
cricial
agriculture. We will protect the intellectual property rights of
inventors and innovators -- to prevent others from stealing the
to
truchas
ideas and technologies we've worked so hard to create.
We'll get more good American jobs within our own hemisphere
through the North American Free Trade Agreement, and through the
Enterprise for the Americas Initiative.
But changes in old ways are here, and more are coming. The
workplace of the future will demand more highly skilled workers
than ever -- more people who are computer literate, and highly
educated.
We were the world's leader in education once -- and we've
got to be the world's leader in education again. We must
revolutionize America's schools.
Second
My America 2000 education strategy will let every parent in
our country choose their children's schools. This is key, for
you yourd
choice means competition, and competition means improvement,
innovation and creativity.
Thirty states across the nation have established America
2000 programs. Hundreds of cities and towns have joined in. And
now Congress must join this great movement: Pass my proposals
for New American Schools, for more independent choice for parents
and excellence for children.
That was my second long term proposal. This is my third:
15
We must make common sense investments that will help us
compete, long term, in the marketplace.
We must encourage research and development. My plan is to
make the R and D tax credit permanent, and to provide record
levels of support -- 76 billion dollars this year alone -- for
people who will explore the promise and potential of emerging
technologies.
Fourth, we must do something about crime, and drugs.
It is time for a major, renewed investment in fighting
violent street crime. It saps our strength; it hurts our faith
in each other, in our society, and in our future.
Surely a tired woman on her way to work at 6 in the morning
on a subway deserves the right to get there safely. Surely it's
true that everyone who changes their life because of
crime -- from those afraid to go out at night to those afraid to
walk in the parks they pay for -- surely these people have been
denied a basic civil right.
It is time to restore it. Congress, pass my comprehensive
crime bill. It is tough on criminals, supportive of police, and
kind to victims. And it has been languishing in these hollowed
halls for a year now.
Pass it. Help your country.
And support my comprehensive drug proposals.
Fifth, I ask you tonight to act on our HOPE housing proposal
-- and to pass my Enterprise Zone legislation, which will get
businesses into the inner city. We must empower the poor with
16
the pride that comes from owning a home, getting a job, becoming
a part of things.
And I ask tonight for record expenditures for the program
that helps children born into want move on into excellence: Head
Start.
Step six -- we must reform our health care system. For this
too bears on whether or not we can compete in the world.
American health costs have been exploding. This year we
will spend over 800 billion dollars on health -- 800 billion
dollars. And that's expected to grow to 1.6 trillion by the end
of the decade. We simply cannot afford this.
The cost of health care shows up not only in your family
budget, but in the price of everything we buy and everything we
sell. When health coverage for a fellow on an assembly line
costs thousands of dollars, the cost goes into the products he
makes -- and you pay the bill.
Worse, health care not only costs too much, it excludes too
many. It's a little like the old complaint about the bad
restaurant: The food's awful -- and the portions are so small!
We must make a choice.
Some pretend we can have it both ways. They call it Play or
Pay -- but that expensive approach is unstable. It will mean
higher taxes, and eventually, a system under complete government
control.
Really, there are only two options: We can move toward a
nationalized system -- which will deny patient choice in picking
17
a doctor and force the government to ration services arbitrarily.
And what we'll get is patients in long lines, indifferent
service, and a huge new tax burden.
Or we can reform our own private health care system -- which
still gives us, for all its flaws, the best quality health care
in the world.
Let's build on our strengths.
My plan will provide insurance security for all Americans --
while preserving and increasing the idea of choice. We will make
basic health insurance affordable for all low income people not
now covered. We will do it by providing a health insurance tax
credit of up to $3,750 for each low income family. The middle
class will get new help too. And, by reforming the health
insurance market, my plan would assure that Americans will have
access to basic health insurance even if they change jobs or
develop serious health problems.
We must bring costs under control, preserve quality,
preserve choice, and reduce the people's nagging daily worry
about health insurance. My plan, which I announce in detail on
February 6th, will do just that.
Seventh, we must get the federal deficit under control.
Congress and I worked out a controversial budget agreement
in 1990. For me, the key part of that agreement was its budget
discipline -- enforceable spending caps, and an insistence that
we pay for the programs we create.
18
There are those who would ease that discipline now. But I
can't let them do it -- and I won't.
My plan would freeze all domestic discretionary budget
authority -- which means 'No more next year than this year.' I
will not tinker with social security, but I would put real caps
on the growth of uncontrolled spending. I would also freeze
federal domestic government employment.
With the help of Congress, my plan will get rid of 246
programs that don't deserve federal funding. Some of them have
noble titles, but none of them is indispensable. We can get rid
of each and every one of them.
You know, it's time we rediscovered a 'home truth' the
American people have never forgotten: This government is too big
and spends too much.
I call upon Congress to adopt a measure that will help put
an end to the annual ritual of filling the budget with pork-
barrel appropriations. Every year, the press has a field day
making fun of outrageous examples -- a Lawrence Welk museum, a
study of bovine methane emissions.
We all know how these things get into the budget. Maybe you
need someone to help you say No. I know how to say it. And you
know what I need to make it stick. Give me the same thing 43
Governors have: The line item veto. I'll be happy to take the
heat -- and save the taxpayers' money.
We must put an end to unfinanced federal government
mandates. These are the requirements Congress puts on our
19
cities, counties and states -- without supplying the money. If
Congress passes a mandate, it should be forced to pay for it, and
to balance the cost with savings elsewhere. After all, a mandate
just increases someone else's burden -- and that means higher
taxes at the state and local level.
Finally, step eight of my long-term plan: We must strengthen
the family -- because ultimately the family has the greatest
bearing on our future. When Barbara holds an AIDS baby in her
arms, and reads to children, she's saying to every person in this
country 'Family matters.'
*
I am announcing tonight a new Commission on America's Urban
Families, to be chaired by Gov. You know, I had some mayors
from the League of Cities in the other day, and they told me
something striking. They said that every one of them,
Republicans and Democrats, agreed on one thing: That the major
cause of the problems of the cities is the dissolution of the
family.
They asked for this Commission, and they were right to ask,
because it's time to take another look at what we can do to keep
families together, strong and sound.
There's one thing we can do right away: ease the burden of
rearing a child. I ask you tonight to raise the personal
exemption by $500 per child for every family. For a family with
four kids, that's an increase of 2,000 dollars. This is a good
start, in the right direction, and it's what we can afford.
20
It's time to allow families to deduct the interest they pay
on student loans. I am asking you to do just that. And I'm
asking you to allow people to use money from their IRA's to pay
medical and education expenses -- all without penalties.
And I'm asking for more. Ask American parents what they
dislike about how things are in our country and chances are that
pretty quickly they'll say: welfare.
Americans are the most generous people on earth. But we
have to go back to the insight of Franklin Roosevelt who, when he
spoke of what became the welfare program, warned that it must not
become 'a narcotic' and a 'subtle destroyer' of spirit.
Welfare was never meant to be a lifestyle; it was never
meant to be a habit; it was never supposed to be passed from
generation to generation like a family legacy.
It's time to replace the assumptions of the welfare state,
and help reform the welfare system.
States throughout the country are beginning to operate with
new assumptions: That when able-bodied adults receive government
assistance, they have responsibilities to the tax payers. A
responsibility to seek work, education, or job training -- a
responsibility to get their lives in order -- a responsibility to
hold their families together and refrain from having children out
of wedlock -- and a responsibility to obey the law.
We are going to help this movement. Often, state reform
requires waiving certain federal regulations. I will act to make
RALPH WALDO EMERSON, lecture ("Fortune of the
Republic") at Old South Church in Boston, 30 March 1878:
The legislature, to which every good farmer goes
once on trial, is a superior academy.
"MR. DOOLEY" (Finley Peter Dunne) :
Every now and then, an innocent man gets sent
to the Legislature.
in State the Sen. CARL PARKER (D-Port Arthur) quoted
Dallas Times-Herald of 15 March , 1979:
piece My first of session here I promised to read
to read legislation. My second session, I every
committee every piece of legislation referred vowed a
to read everything on which I I introduce. served. But now I just try to
170
McNally/Dooley
February 22, 1991
Draft One (B:ALEC-91)
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: AMERICAN LEGISLATIVE EXCHANGE COUNCIL
ROOM 450, O.E.O.B.
10:45
FRIDAY, MAR. 1, 1991, 2:00 A.M.
Thank you. And welcome back to the White House. It's good
x
to see Ellen Sauerbrey/[ALEC CH.] and Sam Brunelli [ALEC EXEC.
R-Md.
DIR.] again. And I'm glad to see our very talented Defense
Secretary, Dick Cheney, and so many others who are contributing
Fred Noye, first-rate leadership to our Administration -- to the Allied
incoming pres.
Coalition in the Gulf -- and to the finest armed forces ever
Ron
R. Scheberle Pa.
assembled -- the fighting men and women of the U.S.A! III
Corp.Head
I understand that you've already heard from Deb Anderson --
hair, ALEC
one of your own, former Speaker of the House in South Dakota --
private sector
and proof if ever there was of Finley Peter Dunne's rule: "Every
grp.
now and then, an innocent [person] gets sent to the Legislature."
I know you've also heard from our very able Attorney
General, Dick Thornburgh, and that Governor Sununu will be coming
by in just a few moments. It's got me a bit nervous. Some of
you may remember that, last year, I arrived a little early, and
Governor Sununu ended up getting cut off. III John's got a good
memory. I keep expecting him to walk in and say: "Time's up!"
Like so many of the other fine members of our team, John
Sununu, Dick Thornburgh, and Deb Anderson -- have something in
common with each of the talented men and women here in this room.
As Sam Rayburn put it -- each one knows firsthand what it's like
to "run for sheriff."
The presence of these veterans of state politics is impor-
2
tant, because they serve as constant reminders of the philosophi-
cal underpinnings of our Administration. And I want to take this
opportunity to renew my commitment not only to federalism, but
also to the principle that the states are indeed "laboratories of
democracy" -- forging ahead at the cutting edge of the world's
greatest experiment in freedom and diversity.
It is, of course, a continuing experiment. From parental
choice in child care and education to tenant ownership of public
housing, from Enterprise Zones to create jobs to Drug-Free Zones
to "Take Back The Streets," state and local governments are
finding new approaches to solving old problems. And looking not
just at America's problems -- but also America's possibilities.
Just a little over a month ago, I stood before the Congress
of the United States and reported on the State of the Union. I
called it a "defining hour" for our Nation -- and spoke of the
promise of a "renewed America." And I issued a call not merely
for new government initiatives -- but for new initiative in
government. And, as has been true throughout our history, the
wellspring of these new initiatives is likely to be the 50
dynamic state laboratories that you represent.
I've often said that State legislators are some of America's
most practical and resourceful leaders. Close to America's
roots. Close to America's people. Close to America's concerns.
That is why my State of the Union Address included a bold
new proposal to select at least $15 billion in federal programs
and turn them over to the states in a single consolidated grant
3
-- fully funded -- for hands-on management by the states.
And I want to thank Ellen and Sam who sent me a letter two
days later telling us of your strong endorsement and enthusiastic
support for our proposal. Over the past month, we've worked with
you, the Governors, and others in state and local government to
select the programs for "turnover." We are committed to funding
these programs for the next five years. And we are committed to
moving power and decision-making closer to the people. Because
at the bottom line, our idea of federalism comes down to four
simple words: More flexibility. Fewer mandates.
Governor Sununu will be talking about this in more detail
later. But I did want to come by to thank you for your support,
and for all you're doing to make this initiative a success.
I also want to thank you for your tremendous support for our
men and women serving overseas. And I particularly want to
single out those actually serving in the Gulf or in support of
Desert Storm -- ALEC members like Louisiana's Hunt Downer,
Nevada's Jim Gibbons, Colorado's Mike Coffman, and Connecticut's
Rep. Chris Burnham -- a Marine Captain who took his third oath of
office while on station in Saudi Arabia. They are "citizen-
legislators" -- today doing double duty as "citizen-soldiers."
And ladies and gentlemen -- they are America at its best. III
Thank you all for doing "the hard work of freedom."
Godspeed you in the challenges ahead. And God bless America --
and all the troops today serving freedom in the Gulf.
#
#
#
war -$15
lanning mzg
780-
3466
Deb And Mary Mcllure
Richard Haass
Watkins
p.m
Sec Thornburgh
Lujan (2)
Cheney
Interior (priv.)
POTUS
Gor Sununu
Manyland Del. Ellen Sauerbrey
Exec Dir Sam Brunelli
Bob Bennett 547-4646
163 Clith Alderman Aldosman
$106.00
Sting
Services of Mead Data Central
PAGE 13
LEVEL 1 - 13 OF 14 STORIES
Copyright (c) 1983 Time Inc. All Rights Reserved;
Time
November 14, 1983, U.S. Edition
SECTION: COVER; J.F.K.; Pg. 58
LENGTH: 5245 words
HEADLINE: After 20 years, the question: How good a President?
BYLINE: By Lance Morrow. Reported by Hays Gorey/Washington and John F.
Stacks/New York, with other bureaus
BODY:
...
after Vice President Johnson talked wonderingly of all of the brilliant
characters Kennedy had brought into the White House, House Speaker Sam Rayburn
remarked to him, "Well, Lyndon, they may be just as intelligent as you say. But
I'd feel a helluva lot better if just one of them had ever run for sheriff. =
Kennedy's team of White House men, according to Historian Joan Hoff-Wilson,
began the pattern in which Congress and the federal
...
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11#6
CODALIDUE (C) 1883 TIME INC VII kidure
ГЕЛЕГ I - 13 OE 19 210KIE2
bVeE J3
NOVEMBER 14 1983
$1.75
The The
Purjoy Indina
and
How Good
HITE HOUSE LIBRARY
RESEARCH CENTER
President
Was He?
46
0 10090
724404
NOVEMBER 14, 1983
Vol.
122
No.
21
INVIL
THE WEEKLY NEWSMAGAZINE
ry looked at James Monroe and his hemispheric doctrine; Abra-
A Letter from the Publisher
ham Lincoln was portrayed in 1963 as the epitome of
individualism; and the legacy of Franklin Roosevelt was traced
J
ournalists are fond of the saying that they write the first draft
last year. Only three religious leaders have been reassayed: St.
of history. But on some 20 occasions in the past four decades,
Paul (1960), the Buddha (1964) and Martin Luther in 1967 and
TIME'S editors have determined that a historically significant
again last month in international editions. (Jesus Christ and the
individual merited a journalistic "second draft" to assess his
Virgin Mary are our most frequent historical cover figures, but
contributions and character in light of
HUGH PATRICK BROWN
they have not been specifically the sub-
contemporary events, opinions and
ME
TIME
jects of the accompanying stories.) Karl
scholarship. In this week's cover story, 20
Marx was reassessed in 1948, Vladimir
years after John F. Kennedy's death in
Lenin in 1964 and their ideological oppo-
Dallas, Senior Writer Lance Morrow
sites Adam Smith, in 1975, and John
tries to distinguish between the 35th
Maynard Keynes, in 1965. In the arts,
President's accomplishments and the en-
William Shakespeare (1960) and Johann
during myths. Observes Morrow: "The
Sebastian Bach (1968) have been so
past inhabits us and defines us-and of-
treated; in science, Sigmund Freud
ten haunts us. We need to go back to it, to
(1956) and Albert Einstein (1979).
sift it, in order to know who we are and
Washington Contributing Editor
how we became what we are." Morrow's
Hugh Sidey, whose column "The Presi-
re-examination is enhanced by photo-
dency" accompanies the cover story, is
graphs from Kennedy's presidency, some
Senior Writer Morrow with earlier J.F.K. covers
particularly partial to such endeavors.
of them never before published. The
"More than ever," he says, "we need to
work of former White House Photographer Jacques Lowe, they
pause and reflect on other times, other troubles and the people
form part of his new book, Kennedy: A Time Remembered, to be
who tried to cope with them. Journalism can help by inserting
published this month by Quartet/Visual Arts.
these reflections from other years into the rushing current of
Kennedy joins a small pantheon of U.S. Presidents who
contemporary affairs."
have come under retrospective scrutiny on TIME'S cover.
George Washington, appropriately, was the first, in 1953. Theo-
dore Roosevelt was saluted on his centenary in 1958; a 1962 sto-
John a. mayers
Index
Cover: Illustration Gottfried Helnwein
58
48
18
Cover: John Kenne-
World: Another
Grenada: With the
dy's assassination
bloody bombing rocks
fighting over, U.S.
started the mythmak-
Lebanon, as the coun-
troops begin to return
ing, and the real his-
try's feuding faction
home, and the State
tory of his White
leaders meet in Gene-
Department releases a
House years is diffi-
va.
A new President
treasure trove of cap-
cult to assess. How
and a new era for Ar-
tured documents. Cu-
good a President was
gentina.
A little
ba's Castro assesses
he? Was his term too
power sharing in
the damage, while
short for comparison?
South Africa.
A kill-
Reagan wins public
Is he mostly a myth?
er quake in Turkey.
approval. See NATION.
12
43
70
82
92
94
American Scene
Nation
Press
Economy & Business
Art
Sport
If you're looking for
An updated vision of
After days of waiting
TIME's economists see
Long in the shadow
The Sarajevo Winter
something offbeat and
nuclear apocalypse.
impatiently, reporters
growth for the Pacific
of Jackson Pollock,
Olympic Games
low budget to decorate
Jesse will run.
and photographers
nations.
A strike
his widow Lee
strike their own com-
your home, try the Los
Donovan's name
get into Grenada-
halts Greyhound.
Krasner emerges tri-
mercial deal, but
Alamos, N. Mex., sal-
gets dropped.
De-
and find that the
The 707 jets into
umphant in a Hous-
where's the snow?
vage yard.
troit indictments.
fighting is over.
history.
ton show.
6 Letters
96
98
102
107
109
81 People
Environment
Cinema
Books
Law
Sexes
110 Milestones
In an unusual display
Eric Roberts, as a
Shame, by Salman
The cases of a de-
Female students
of candor, the Soviet
pimpish Svengali, and
Rushdie, is a tren-
formed infant and a
and teachers at Har-
Union discloses the
Mariel Hemingway,
chant Third World
cerebral palsy victim
vard are still subject-
details of a calamitous
as an ill-fated center-
tragicomedy.
The
raise the right of the
ed to sexual harass-
chemical spill in the
fold, enliven Bob
Spiritualists calls up
handicapped to live-
ment, says a new
Dniester River.
Fosse's Star 80.
Victorian ghosts.
and die.
study.
TIME (ISSN 0040-781X) is published weekly at the subscription price of $45 per year, by Time Inc., 3435 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90010. Principal office: Rockefeller Center, New
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Fairbanks Court, Chicago, III. 60611.
3
"Civility is not a sign of
weakness, and sincerity
is always subject to
proof. Let us never
negotiate out of fear. But
let us never fear to
"
negotiate.
With President Charles de Gaulle at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Paris during a trip in 1961
To a nation reading it from the far side of the Viet Nam War, the
Kennedy's team of White House men, according to Histori
most alarming passage was the one in which Kennedy promised
an Joan Hoff-Wilson, began the pattern in which Congress an
to "pay any price
to assure the survival
of liberty." The
the federal bureaucracies became adversaries of the Whit
revisionists have always seen that line as a précis of the mental-
House rather than partners. "That kind of privatization and cer
ity that brought on the war. But both Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.
tralization of power in and around the White House clearly be
and Theodore Sorensen reject the notion that the Inaugural
gins with Kennedy," says Hoff-Wilson. For men who put such
speech was a prelude to cowboy interventionism. "It was," says
premium on brains and information, the elite around Kenned
Schlesinger, "in part an overreaction to a speech two weeks ear-
sometimes seemed either exceptionally naive (about the Bay (
lier by Khrushchev that was read in Washington as being very
Pigs, for example) or ignorant (about Vietnamese history an
truculent." Sorensen, who drafted the text, insists, "The speech
culture). Some of the same men stayed on with Johnson, and pr
isn't as bellicose as the revisionists have made it. It was really a
sided over the escalation of what became in some ways the na
call to negotiation. But he knew you didn't get there with just ap-
tion's hardest war.
peals to the other side's good will."
The Bay of Pigs fiasco, however, came early. Kennedy ha
One of the central dramas of the brief Kennedy Administra-
inherited the plan from the Eisenhower Administration, whic
tion was his passage from a sometimes indiscriminate anti-Com-
according to Arkansas Senator J. William Fulbright, had a
munist hard line to a deepening awareness of the real dangers of
ready sunk $40 million into the training of a band of Cuban e
nuclear war. It did not help Kennedy in this passage that he as-
iles who were supposed to sweep ashore in Cuba, join forces wi
sembled a staff of war-hawk anti-Communist intellectuals
the grateful, disenchanted islanders and dislodge Fidel Casti
(McGeorge Bundy, Walt Rostow and Robert McNamara, for
Kennedy was skeptical of the idea, but allowed himself to
example) who were brilliantly nimble and self-confident and of-
talked into it by men who seemed so sure of what they we
ten disastrously wrong about what counted most. They could be
doing. The mission, of course, was an utter disaster, and
overbearing men, and curiously disconnected from the realities
taught Kennedy several important lessons. One was that truc
of American life. Once, after Vice President Johnson talked
lently self-confident experts, such as generals and CIA men, C
wonderingly of all the brilliant characters Kennedy had brought
be ludicrously wrong. After the Bay of Pigs, according to his sp
into the White House, House Speaker Sam Rayburn remarked
cial counsel, Theodore Sorensen, Kennedy came to mistrust m
to him, "Well, Lyndon, they may be just as intelligent as you say.
itary solutions.
But I'd feel a helluva lot better if just one of them had ever run for
The botched invasion also revealed an attractive trait
sheriff."
Kennedy: an openness and candor, and a freedom from th
64
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Richard B. Cheney
Secretary of Defense
Richard B. Cheney was nominated by President Bush to be Secretary of
Defense on March 10, 1989, was confirmed by the United States Senate on
March 17, 1989, and took the oath of office on March 21, 1989.
Mr. Cheney was born January 30, 1941, in Lincoln, Nebraska, and moved to
Casper, Wyoming, at a young age with his parents, Richard H. and Marjorie
Cheney.
He attended elementary schools in Casper, graduated in 1959 from Natrona
County High School, and earned B.A. and M.A. degrees in political science
from the University of Wyoming in 1965 and 1966. He was a Ph.D. candidate
in political science at the University of Wisconsin in 1968.
Mr. Cheney began his public service in 1965, when he served as an intern in
the Wyoming State Legislature in Cheyenne. In 1966 he was selected by the
National Center for Education in Politics to intern on the staff of Warren
Knowles, then Governor of Wisconsin. In 1968, the American Political
Science Association selected him for its Joseph E. Davies Congressional Fel-
lowship, which he served as an assistant to the late Congressman William
A. Steiger, R-Wisconsin.
In May 1969, following the fellowship, Mr. Cheney began several years of
federal service under Presidents Nixon and Ford. From May 1969 to
December 1970, he was Special Assistant to the Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity From December 1970 to September
1971, he served as Deputy to Donald Rumsfeld, the White House Presidential Counsellor. And from September 1971 to March
1973, he was Assistant Director for Operations of the Cost of Living Council-
In March 1973, Mr. Cheney left government service to become Vice President of Bradley, Woods and Company, Inc., an investment
advisory firm.
In August 1974, when Gerald R. Ford assumed the presidency, Mr. Cheney served on the Ford transition team and, beginning in
September, as a Deputy Assistant to the President. In November 1975, he was named Assistant to the President and White House
Chief of Staff, a position he held through the remainder of the Ford Administration, until January 1977. In 1976, Mr. Cheney was
named by the U.S. Jaycees as one of the ten outstanding young men in America.
He returned to his home state of Wyoming in May 1977 to resume private life. Mr. Cheney was elected to Congress in November
1978. He was re-elected in 1980, 1982, 1984, 1986, and 1988.
For the 1981-82 Congress, he was chosen by his Republican colleagues to serve as Chairman of the House Republican Policy
Committee, becoming one of the few members ever elected to a leadership position after only one term in office. He was re-elected
to the Policy Committee Chairmanship for the 98th, 99th, and 100th Congresses.
In June 1987, he was unanimously elected Chairman of the House Republican Conference, which functions as the party's caucus
and provides the information to its members on pending legislation. The Conference Chairman is the third-ranking House GOP
leader.
In December, 1988, he was unanimously elected House Republican Whip for the 101st Congress, the second-ranking Republi-
can leadership position. The whip is responsible for polling Republican members on pending legislation, keeping them informed
of the agenda on the House floor, and acting as Republican leader whenever the House minority leader is absent.
Mr. Cheney was 2 member of the House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, where he served on two subcommittees -
National Parks and Public Land, and Water and Power Resources. He was also a member of the House Permanent Select
Committee on Intelligence, serving as ranking Republican on its Subcommittee on Program and Budget Authorization. He was
ranking Republican on the 15-member House Select Committee to Investigate Covert Arms Deals with Iran.
Mr. Chency married Lynne Vincent of Casper on August 29, 1964. They have two daughters-Elizabeth, born July 28, 1966, and
Mary, born March 14, 1969.
Apr. 27 / Administration of George Bush, 1990
Japan has moved to address our concerns in
I have directed Ambassador Hills immedi-
what we ought to
the Structural Impediments Initiative (SII)
ately to brief the Congress on the reasons
delighted you're h
and in bilateral negotiations involving su-
for my decision today.
I want to thank
percomputers, satellites, and wood prod-
came out and han
ucts. The interim SII report made a promis-
me of the support
ing start toward reducing structural barriers
which I've already
that contribute to bilateral trade imbal-
Remarks at a White House Briefing for
of education. I wa
ances.
who's soon to beco
I am not under any illusion that the SII
the American Legislative Exchange
Ellen Sauerbrey.
interim report will lead to an immediate
Council
Sam Brunelli, Ror
improvement in the trade balance with
April 27, 1990
other familiar fac
Japan or an end to bilateral trade disputes.
benches and all ac
When two nations like the United States
The President. Such enthusiasm for
You know, befo
and Japan share dynamic economies, a com-
Sununu finishing-it's wonderful. [Laugh-
here, let me just
mitment to excellence, and strong trading
ter] Look, I'm just delighted to be back with
is important to AI
traditions, some commercial differences are
this most distinguished group.
and that is the
inevitable. Nevertheless, I believe that
Let me say, having interrupted our Chief
census. Today Ce
Prime Minister Kaifu and the Japanese po-
of Staff, how fortunate I am to have some-
beginning to visit
litical leadership share my commitment to
one as Chief of Staff here in the White
census forms ha
ensuring that trade strengthens rather than
House who did-as Sam Rayburn often
mammoth under
undermines the friendship between our na-
talked about-did run for sheriff. Remem-
take this opportu
tions.
ber what Rayburn said? He said: "Well, that
can who has not
Accordingly, I look forward to substantial
guy's trouble. He never ran," he said,
to do so, to stand
progress with Japan in the final SII report
"never ran for sheriff." And what he really
in July and on a variety of other trade
Now, it's great
meant is didn't have a feel for the people.
issues. I will work closely with the Congress
leaders from the
And John not only ran successfully for Gov-
to implement the U.S. side of the SII, par-
belong to ALEC,
ernor of his great State but he understands
ticularly in the areas of savings, education,
Exchange Counci
and keeps reminding me of the philosophi-
As State leaders,
and budgetary reform.
cal underpinnings of our administration: de-
I have directed our U.S. negotiators to
from the busines:
centralization and federalism, which I want
seek agreement with their Japanese coun-
ing every day wh
to mention to you today about. And so, I am
terparts on a joint mechanism to monitor
ginning: that the
the implementation of SII in both nations
very, very pleased that he was over here,
people is truly
and consider the need for further actions.
and I have great confidence in him and in
people. We've se
This mechanism should include regular re-
Roger Porter, as well, who's up here, who
ism vindicated ov
handles so many of our-have you already
ports on actions and results.
In the sixties-
Because last year's Super 301 investiga-
unloaded on these guys?
vailing belief W:
tions on India remain unresolved, I have
Mr. Porter. No, I'm following.
quired big gove
continued the identification of India as a
The President. Following? [Laughter]
course, this coun
trade liberalization priority. I have decided
And Roger has respect on the Hill that
problems-privat
not to identify any new priority countries or
really is unparalleled in terms of the job
together, afflicte
practices under Super 301.
that he fills and in previous administrations.
pockets were oft
Let there be no mistake. This administra-
And so, I'm very, very lucky.
ing.
tion is committed to free and fair trade. We
I also have another person over here that
Take the War
want open markets and fair treatment for
ran for sheriff. She was the speaker-as
ample. This was
our products, services, investment, and
many of you know-of her legislature. And
the Federal Gov
ideas. We will move forward in the Uru-
that brings another dimension to this out-
and followed or
guay round and, as appropriate, under sec-
reach that we're trying to do, because we
soon learned wh
tion 301 to remove foreign barriers to
learn from the input we get from people
lacked an unders
American goods. I am also directing Ambas-
coming in here. The danger is isolation.
lacked flexibility,
sador Hills to expand her semiannual report
And I know some think I'm a little frenetic
programs that W
on section 301 to review both the status of
in my activities, but when you get out, even
a very hard les
existing section 301 investigations and relat-
if it's just driving as we did to a food bank a
Democrat or Re
ed initiatives in important markets such as
couple of days ago, you get a feel for what's
aisle, across the
Japan.
on people's minds and what works and
degree, back the
662
Administration of George Bush, 1990 / Apr. 27
r Hills immedi-
on the reasons
what we ought to try to do better. So, I'm
ferences. But we learned, and good inten-
delighted you're here in that spirit.
tions can go astray. And if the Federal Gov-
I want to thank Frank Messersmith, who
ernment neglects State and local govern-
came out and handed me a letter and told
ment, it's bound to.
me of the support that you all are giving us,
which I've already heard about, in the field
So, let me say it plain and simple: I am a
Briefing for
of education. I want to congratulate Ellen,
believer in the Jeffersonian tradition. I be-
Exchange
who's soon to become your new president-
lieve that innovation springs from these 50
Ellen Sauerbrey. And it's also good to see
laboratories of democracy. And I believe in
Sam Brunelli, Ron Scheberle, and so many
the inherent wisdom and leadership of the
States.
other familiar faces out there in the back
nthusiasm for
benches and all across this room.
Federalism must be a dynamic partner-
erful. [Laugh-
You know, before I get into the substance
ship if we're to end that age-old affliction of
o be back with
here, let me just talk about something that
mankind: poverty-poverty of knowledge
is important to America and to every State,
and skills, poverty of opportunity, poverty
pted our Chief
and that is the completion of this U.S.
of hope. We're going to need such a part-
to have some-
census. Today Census Bureau workers are
nership if we're to meet new missions to
in the White
beginning to visit all addresses from which
keep expanding opportunity in this field
Rayburn often
census forms have not been received, a
that we were just talking about-improving
eriff. Remem-
mammoth undertaking. I simply want to
education, to implement a national trans-
tid: "Well, that
take this opportunity to urge every Ameri-
portation strategy, and to fight the scourge
an," he said,
can who has not returned the census form
of illegal drug use.
what he really
to do so, to stand up and be counted.
Our partnership must begin with an accu-
or the people.
Now, it's great to be back among so many
rate account of the depth and scope of our
sfully for Gov-
leaders from the States, those of you who
needs that can only begin with the U.S.
le understands
belong to ALEC, the American Legislative
census, a project that needs your involve-
the philosophi-
Exchange Council, more than 2,300 strong.
ment. Again, at this moment these census
inistration: de-
As State leaders, in alliance with leaders
workers are beginning to visit all addresses
which I want
from the business community, you're prov-
from which they haven't come back in. And
:. And so, I am
ing every day what I mentioned at the be-
we really need to get moving on this, be-
vas over here,
ginning: that the government closest to the
cause census data will help you make im-
in him and in
people is truly the government of the
portant decisions for the States. And it
up here, who
people. We've seen the wisdom of federal-
really fits into this theme of decentraliza-
e you already
ism vindicated over and over again.
tion, part of the decentralization of govern-
In the sixties-just think back-the pre-
ment, of putting our trust where it belongs:
to
vailing belief was that big problems re-
with the people.
? [Laughter]
quired big government solutions. And of
the Hill that
course, this country did face very real, big
So, it's not enough to seek a dynamic
ns of the job
problems-private heartaches that, taken
partnership between Washington and
Iministrations.
together, afflicted all of America. But our
Austin, Atlanta, and Sacramento. We must
pockets were often deeper than our think-
turn to our families, our schools, our small
ing.
businesses; and we must often seek the
over here that
e speaker-as
Take the War on Poverty as a prime ex-
achievement of public goals through private
ample. This was a unilateral war in which
means and individual action, individual
gislature. And
n to this out-
the Federal Government sought no allies
empowerment. Our partnership must in-
and followed only one strategy. And we
clude everyone if we're to fulfill our
, because we
from people
soon learned what the strategy lacked: It
agenda-an agenda that is progrowth, pro-
r is isolation.
lacked an understanding of the problems, it
family, and profreedom. We need this part-
little frenetic
lacked flexibility, and often it simply lacked
nership to keep America growing. And
programs that worked. And so, we learned
that's why Congress must pass a cut in the
get out, even
a very hard lesson. And this wasn't just
capital gains tax this year.
a food bank a
eel for what's
Democrat or Republican; it was across the
For America to be competitive, we need
t works and
aisle, across the board, across-to some
to invest money in productive uses, gener-
degree, back then-even philosophical dif-
ating new jobs, generating opportunities for
663
Apr. 27 / Administration of George Bush, 1990
all. We also need the partnership I referred
in devising a set of tough, realistic recom-
Remarks at the P
to a second ago to keep America moving, to
mendations that complements and expands
for the President
implement a national transportation strate-
our National Drug Strategy, our national
Awards
gy for the 21st century. You understand
effort.
that leadership must begin with those clos-
April 27, 1990
And finally, Americans must be free from
est to our transportation problems: the
fear. When honest working people are
Welcome, every
States. And you understand that the States
afraid to go to the corner grocery store or
Well, welcome all
deserve a greater say in how our transporta-
to walk home from the bus at night, then
with you. And I W:
tion dollars are spent.
fear of crime has stolen our most precious
I'm told that Se
And so, I'm asking you to help others
possession-our liberty. And it is to protect
going to be here-
understand that our transportation strategy
this freedom and the freedom to safely walk
But in any event,
is, indeed, the road to the future. And as
the streets that we offered up a good crime
are here. Is Gover
you often stress, we also need to protect the
package. I sent this crime package last year
is, way back there
bedrock institution of American life: the
hello to the for
to the Hill. Congress has, to its credit, ap-
family. We are not yet certain what kind of
proved new prison space and more Federal
Jersey, who I W:
child-care legislation this Congress will pass.
here-uncharacte:
law enforcement officers. But too much
But if Congress stamps out the power of the
but nevertheless-
work remains unfinished on the rest of this
parents to choose family or church-affiliated
the White House.
child care, I will give that legislation a
crime package, the portion that concerns
The famous bi
stamp of my own: I will give it the veto
violent crime. And once again, I call on
Paul Harvey, tell:
stamp because I am not going to accept
Congress to pass laws at least as tough as
Vincent who liv
highly centralized standards and standards
the criminals we convict.
And he was a ver
that rule out participation of local churches
Crime and illegal drug use, transporta-
simple hut, dress
or local family groups in solving this nation-
tion, education-as we near the end of the
made of sacking
al problem.
century, these challenges that confront our
bodied the spirit
We also want to bring these same princi-
nation sometimes seem bigger than our
knew that althoug
ples of choice and flexibility to the way in
ability to solve them. And they are if we
sions, he still had
which we educate our kids. I'll leave it to
act only as partisan Democrats or partisan
a mining disaster
Roger Porter, who is perfectly capable-far
Republicans, as parochial members of a
jured, no one fo
than Vincent did
better than I, actually-to brief you on the
region or a faction or an interest group. But
cared for the inj
education goals, on our education summit,
by working together as Americans, I still
clothe the needy
all that we can do working together. But
feel that we can lick any problem, no
Van Gogh, today
just let me say that as I work with the
matter how big, how complex, or how
masters, painted
Governors to bring renewed excellence to
deeply rooted it may be. That's why I value
Though 100 year
American education, I'm also looking for
our partnership, our dynamic partnership,
brush to canvas
advice and support and, certainly, leader-
and look forward to working with you in
the value of serv
ship. And when it comes to leadership, your
the years ahead.
I've often said
federation is already supporting open en-
rollment plans to give parents choice in se-
Thank you for the tremendous support
nition of a succe
lecting their schools; alternative certifica-
that you have given our administration, and
ing others. The I
tion to let the talented share their knowl-
I hope that you will continue. We are grate-
taking the lead i
ful to you. Thanks for coming our way, and
their trips arou
edge; and finally, merit pay with account-
ability for all. So, we're not just thinking
God bless you all.
grateful to all of
with us today-
along the same lines; we're working to
achieve the same goals in education.
Note: The President spoke at 10:59 a.m. in
Lujan and Secr
bacher-and if
Your federation also calls itself-and I
Room 450 of the Old Executive Office
Building. In his opening remarks, he re-
spot you right
think properly so-profreedom. What does
vote of gratitud
this mean? It means working at the Federal
ferred to John H. Sununu, Chief of Staff to
ing this message
and State levels to develop ways to liberate
the President; Roger B. Porter, Assistant to
Today it's my
people from dependency on government,
the President for Economic and Domestic
President's Volu
not bind them to it, one generation after
Policy; and Frank S. Messersmith, Sam
of America's Th
another. And it can only mean freedom
Brunelli, and Ronald Scheberle, president,
embody that de
from drugs. I commend your Substance
executive director, and chairman of the
just tell you abc
Abuse Task Force for doing an excellent job
business sector of the council, respectively.
we'll get on W
664
McNally/Dooley
February 22, 1991
Draft One (B:ALEC-91)
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: AMERICAN LEGISLATIVE EXCHANGE COUNCIL
ROOM 450, O.E.O.B.
FRIDAY, MAR. 1, 1991, :00 .M.
Thank you. And welcome back to the White House. It's good
to see Ellen Sauerbrey [ALEC CH.] and Sam Brunelli [ALEC EXEC.
DIR.] again. And I'm glad to see our very talented Defense
Secretary, Dick Cheney, and so many others who are contributing
first-rate leadership to our Administration -- to the Allied
Coalition in the Gulf -- and to the finest armed forces ever
assembled -- the fighting men and women of the U.S.A! III
I understand that you've already heard from Deb Anderson --
one of your own, former Speaker of the House in South Dakota --
and proof if ever there was of Finley Peter Dunne's rule: "Every
now and then, an innocent [person] gets sent to the Legislature."
I know you've also heard from our very able Attorney
General, Dick Thornburg, and that Governor Sununu will be coming
by in just a few moments. It's got me a bit nervous. Some of
you may remember that, last year, I arrived a little early, and
Governor Sununu ended up getting cut off. III John's got a good
memory. I keep expecting him to walk in and say: "Time's up!"
Like many of the other fine members of our team, each of
these four -- John Sununu, Dick Cheney, Dick Thornburg, and Deb
Anderson -- has something in common with the talented men and
women here in this room. As Sam Rayburn put it -- each one knows
firsthand what it's like to "run for sheriff."
The presence of these veterans of state politics is impor-
2
tant, because they serve as constant reminders of the philosophi-
cal underpinnings of our Administration. And I want to take this
opportunity to renew my commitment not only to federalism and to
states' rights, but also to the states as "laboratories of
democracy" -- forging ahead at the cutting edge of the world's
greatest experiment in freedom and diversity.
It is, of course, a continuing experiment. From parental
choice in child care and education to tenant ownership of public
housing, from Enterprise Zones to create jobs to Drug-Free Zones
to "Take Back The Streets," state and local governments are
finding new approaches to solving old problems. And looking not
just at America's problems -- but also America's possibilities.
Just a little over a month ago, I stood before the Congress
of the United States and reported on the State of the Union. I
called it a "defining hour" for our Nation -- and spoke of the
promise of a "renewed America." And I issued a call not merely
for new government initiatives -- but for new initiatives in
government. And, as has been true throughout our history, the
wellspring of these new initiatives is likely to be the 50
dynamic state laboratories that you represent.
I've often said that State legislators are some of America's
most practical and resourceful leaders. Close to America's
roots. Close to America's people. Close to America's concerns.
That is why my State of the Union Address included a bold
new proposal to select at least $15 billion in federal programs
and turn them over to the states in a single consolidated grant
3
-- fully funded -- for hands-on management by the states.
And I want to thank Ellen and Sam, who sent me a letter two
days later telling us of your strong endorsement and enthusiastic
support for our proposal. Over the past month, we've worked with
you, the Governors, and others in state and local government to
select the programs for "turnover." We are committed to funding
these programs for the next five years. And we are committed to
moving power and decision-making closer to the people. Because
at the bottom line, our idea of federalism comes down to four
simple words: More flexibility. Fewer mandates.
Governor Sununu will be talking about this in more detail
later. But I did want to come by to thank you for your support,
and for all you're doing to make this initiative a success.
I also want to thank you for your tremendous support for our
fighting men and women overseas. And I particularly want to
single out those actually serving in the Gulf or in support of
Desert Storm -- ALEC members like Louisiana's Hunt Downer,
Nevada's Jim Gibbons, Colorado's Mike Coffman, and Connecticut's
Rep. Chris Burnham -- a Marine Captain who took his third oath of
office as while on station in Saudi Arabia. They are "citizen-
legislators" -- today doing double duty as "citizen-soldiers."
And ladies and gentlemen -- they are America at its best.
Thank you for this opportunity. Godspeed you in the
challenges ahead. And God bless America -- and all the troops
today serving freedom in the Gulf.
#
#
#
Services of Mead Data Central
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2
3RD DOCUMENT of Level 1 printed in FULL format.
Public Papers of the Presidents
Remarks at a White House Briefing for the American
Legislative Exchange Council
26 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 662
April 27, 1990
lost you you
LENGTH: 1724 words
The President. Such enthusiasm for Sununu finishing - it's wonderful.
[laughter]Look, I'm just delighted to be back with this most distinguished
and this
group.
it
Let me say, having interrupted our Chief of Staff, how fortunate I am to have
someone as Chief of Staff here in the White House who did -- as Sam Rayburn
often talked about -- did run for sheriff. Remember what Rayburn said? He
said: "Well, that guy's trouble. He never ran," he said, "never ran for
sheriff." And what he really meant is didn't have a feel for the people. And
John not only ran successfully for Governor of his great State but he
produc United into
understands and keeps reminding me of the philosophical underpinnings of our
administration: decentralization and federalism, which I want to mention to you
today about. And 50, I am very, very pleased that he was over here, and I have
great confidence in him and in Roger Porter, as well, who's up here, who handles
so many of our -- have you already unloaded on these guys?
Mr. Porter. No, I'm following.
The President. Following? [Laughter]And Roger has respect on the Hill that
really is unparalleled in terms of the job that he fills and in previous
administrations. And so, I'm very, very lucky.
I also have another person over here that ran for sheriff. She was the
speaker ---------- as many of you know of her legislature. And that brings another
dimension to this outreach that we're trying to do, because we learn from the
input we get from people coming in here. The danger is isolation. And I know
some think I'm a little frenetic in my activities, but when you get out, even if
it's just driving as we did to a food bank a couple of days ago, you get a feel
for what's on people's minds and what works and what we ought to try to do
better. So, I'm delighted you're here in that spirit.
I want to thank Frank Messersmith, who came out and handed me a letter and
told me of the support that you all are giving us, which I've already heard
about, in the field of education. I want to congratulate Ellen, who's soon to
become your new president - Ellen Sauerbrey. And it's also good to see Sam
Brunelli, Ron Scheberle, and so many other familiar faces out there in the back
benches and all across this room.
You know, becore I get into the substance here, let me just talk about
something that is important to America and to every State, and that is the
completion of this U.S. census. Today Census Bureau workers are beginning to
visit all addresses from which census forms have not been received, a mammoth
undertaking. I simply want to take this opportunity to urge every American who
has not returned the census form to do so, to stand up and be counted.
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26 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 662
Now, it's great to be back among 50 many leaders from the States, those of
you who belong to ALEC, the American Legislative Exchange Council, more than
2,300 strong. A5 State leaders, in alliance with leaders from the business
community, you're proving every day what I mentioned at the beginning: that the
government closest to the people is truly the government of the people. We've
seen the wisdom of federalism vindicated over and over again.
In the sixties -- just think back - the prevailing belief was that big
problems required big government solutions. And of course, this country did
face very real, big problems --- private heartaches that, taken together,
afflicted all of America. But our pockets were often deeper than our thinking.
Take the War on Poverty as a prime example. This was a unilateral war in
which the Federal Government sought no allies and followed only one strategy.
And we soon learned what the strategy lacked: It lacked an understanding of the
problems, it lacked flexibility, and often it simply lacked programs that
worked. And so, WE learned a very hard lesson. And this wasn't just Democrat
or Republican; it was across the aisle, across the board, across -- to some
degree, back then -- even philosophical differences. But we learned, and good
intentions can go astray. And if the Federal Government neglects State and
local government, it's bound to.
So, let me say it plain and simple: I am a believer in the Jeffersonian
tradition. I believe that innovation springs from these 50 laboratories of
democracy. And I believe in the inherent wisdom and leadership of the States.
Federalism must be a dynamic partnership if we're to end that age-old
affliction of mankind: poverty -- poverty of knowledge and skills, poverty of
opportunity, poverty of hope. We're going to need such a partnership if we're
to meet new missions to keep expanding opportunity in this field that we were
just talking about -- improving education, to implement a national
transportation strategy, and to fight the scourge of illegal drug use.
Our partnership must begin with an accurate account of the depth and scope of
our needs that can only begin with the U.S. census, a project that needs your
involvement. Again, at this moment these census workers are beginning to visit
all addresses from which they haven't come back in. And we really need to get
moving on this, because census data will help you make important decisions for
the States. And it really fits into this theme of decentralization, part of the
decentralization of government, of putting our trust where it belongs: with the
people.
So, it's not enough to seek a dynamic partnership between Washington and
Austin, Atlanta, and Sacramento. We must turn to our families, our schools, our
small businesses; and we must often seek the achievement of public goals through
private means and individual action, individual empowerment. Our partnership
must include everyone if we're to fulfill our agenda -- an agenda that is
progrowth, profamily, and profreedom. We need this partnership to keep America
growing. And that's why Congress must pass a cut in the capital gains tax this
year.
For America to be competitive, we need to invest money in productive uses,
generating new jobs, generating opportunities for all. We also need the
partnership I referred to a second ago to keep America moving, to implement a
national transportation strategy for the 21st century. You understand that
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26 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 662
leadership must begin with those closest to our transportation problems: the
States. And you understand that the States deserve a greater say in how our
transportation dollars are spent.
And so, I'm asking you to help others understand that our transportation
strategy is, indeed, the road to the future. And as you often stress, we also
need to protect the bedrock institution of American life: the family. We are
not yet certain what kind of child-care legislation this Congress will pass.
But if Congress stamps out the power of the parents to choose family or
church-affiliated child care, I will give that legislation a stamp of my own: I
will give it the veto stamp because I am not going to accept highly centralized
standards and standards that rule out participation of local churches or local
family groups in solving this national problem.
We also want to bring these same principles of choice and flexibility to the
way in which we educate our kids. I'll leave it to Roger Porter, who is
perfectly capable -- far better than I, actually - to brief you on the
education goals, on our education summit, all that we can do working together.
But just let me say that as I work with the Governors to bring renewed
excellence to American education, I'm also looking for advice and support and,
certainly, leadership. And when it comes to leadership, your federation is
already supporting open enrollment plans to give parents choice in selecting
their schools; alternative certification to let the talented share their
knowledge; and finally, merit pay with accountability for all. So, we're not
just thinking along the same lines; we're working to achieve the same goals in
education.
Your federation also calls itself -- and I think properly so - profreedom.
What does this mean? It means working at the Federal and State levels to
develop ways to liberate people from dependency on government, not bind them to
it, one generation after another. And it can only mean freedom from drugs. I
commend your Substance Abuse Task Force for doing an execellent job in devising
a set of tough, realistic recommendations that complements and expands our
National Drug Strategy, our national effort.
And finally, Americans must be free from fear. When honest working people
are afraid to go the corner grocery store or to walk home from the bus at night,
then fear of crime has stolen our most precious possession -- our liberty. And
it is to protect this freedom and the freedom to safely walk the streets that we
offered up a good crime package. I sent this crime package last year to the
Hill. Congress has, to its credit, approved new prison space and more Federal
law enforcement officers. But too much work remains unfinished on the rest of
this crime package, the portion that concerns violent crime. And once again, I
call on Congress to pass laws at least as tough as the criminals we convict.
Crime and illegal drug use, transportation, education -- as we near the end
of the century, these challenges that confront our nation sometimes seem bigger
than our ability to solve them. And they are if we act only as partisan
Democrats or partisan Republicans, as parochial members of a region or a faction
or an interest group. But by working together as Americans, I still feel that
we can lick any problem, no matter how big, how complex, or how deeply rooted it
may be. That's why I value our partnership, our dynamic partnership, and look
forward to working with you in the years ahead.
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26 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 662
Thank you for the tremendous support that you have given our administration,
and I hope that you will continue. We are grateful to you. Thanks for coming
our way, and God bless you all.
Note: The President spoke at 10:59 a.m. in Room 450 of the Old Executive
Office Building. In his opening remarks, he referred to John H. Sununu, Chief
of Staff to the President; Roger B. Porter, Assistant to the President for
Economic and Domestic Policy; and Frank S. Messersmith, Sam Brunelli, and Ronald
Scheberle, president, executive director, and chairman of the business sector of
the council, respectively.
LEXIS® ® NEXIS® ® LEXIS® ® NEXIS ®
E
FRESIDENT
OFFICE OF THE OFFICE # E AND ENT USA OF R
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET
2/20/91
TO:
Педду Dodey
FROM:
EXECUTIVE FRANK HODSOLL ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR branch
attached are:
Deefenderfer Lestionory
Propored asheroft Hatement
0
Budget Handowt
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Letter from Exchange, etal
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THE WHITE HOUSE
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT 35
91 FEB 26
FACSIMILE TRANSMITTAL SHEET
DATE:
2/26/91
TO:
Peggy
Speechwriting
FROM:
Robert 4. SAR.
PHONE:
6797
COMMENTS:
NUMBER OF PAGES, EXCLUDING COVER SHEET 2
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THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
BIOGRAPHY OF JOHN H. SUNUNU
John Henry Sununu, 51, of Salem, New Hampshire, was
commissioned Chief of Staff to the President of the United States
on January 21, 1989. As Chief of Staff, Governor Sununu oversees
the daily operations of the White House and its staff.
After playing an influential role in President Bush's New
Hampshire primary victory, Governor Sununu served as National Co-
Chairman of the Bush/Quayle campaign. During the general
election, the Governor became one of the most active surrogate
speakers on the campaign trail and travelled extensively across
the country.
Governor Sununu became New Hampshire's 93rd Governor on
January 6, 1983, and served three consecutive terms prior to
joining the White House staff.
Governor Sununu assumed office with a' background of nearly
20 years experience as an educator, engineer, small businessman
and community leader.
The Governor gained both regional and national recognition
through his chairmanship of the Coalition of Northeastern
Governors, the chairmanship of the Republican Governors'
Association, and his election in 1987, to the chairmanship of the
National Governors' Association.
Within the National Governors' Association, Governor Sununu
served as chairman of several committees. He was particularly
active as chairman of the New Technology Education Task Force,
which, two years ago, issued "Time for Results; The Governors'
1991 Report on Education". Also through his efforts, the NGA,
and later the New Hampshire Legislature, endorsed innovative acid
rain legislation.
Governor Sununu is a member of the National Academy of
Engineers' Committee on Public Engineering Policy and has served
as a member of the President's Council on Environmental Quality
Advisory Committee, the New England Regional Energy Advisory
Council, the board of trustees of the Northeast Solar Energy
Center, and as chairman of the board of directors of Consumer
Alert.
July 1990
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The Governor attended the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology at both the graduate and undergraduate levels, and
earned his Ph.D. there in 1966 in mechanical engineering. From
1968 to 1973, he was Associate Dean of the College of Engineering
at Tufts University where he had been an Associate Professor of
Mechanical Engineering since 1966. He was invited to join the
Advisory Board of the Technology and Policy Program at MIT in
August, 1984.
From 1965 until his election as Governor, he served as
President of JHS Engineering Company and Thermal Research Inc.;
in addition, he helped found, and served as chief engineer for
Astro Dynamics Inc. from 1960 to 1965.
The Governor married the former Nancy Hayes in 1958. They
have eight children.
Extended Page
3.1
02/26/91 11:33
202 514 7976
PUBLIC AFFAIRS
001/003
U.S. Department of Justice
Office of Public Affairs
91 FEB 26 A10: 36
Office of the Director
Washington, D.C. 20530
The following 2 -page transmission is for the attention
of Reggy Dooley
-
Please contact him/her
immediately at
.
It is from
of the Office of Public
Affairs.
Please contact Rose Larks if there is a problem in
transmission. FTS 368-2007 or 202-514-2007.
02/26/91
11:33
202 514 7976
PUBLIC AFFAIRS
002/003
Office of the Attorney General
untrady
Washington. B.C. 20530
DICK THORNBURGH
ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES
Dick Thornburgh became the 76th Attorney General of the
United States on August 12, 1988, following unanimous
confirmation by the Senate.
As Attorney General, Mr. Thornburgh serves as the nation's
chief law enforcement officer and is in charge of executing the
Administration's stepped-up initiatives against drug traffickers,
organized crime and white collar criminals, as well as stronger
enforcement of civil rights, anti-trust and environmental laws.
During his tenure, he has taken the lead in international
cooperative efforts to crack down on money laundering and drug
trafficking activities of the illegal drug cartels. On behalf of
the United States, he signed the UN Drug Convention in Vienna and
successfully lobbied for U.S. Senate ratification. He also has
established Securities Fraud Task Forces in eight cities, Savings
and Loan investigative and prosecutive units in 27 cities and an
Organized Crime Council to coordinate the federal fight against
racketeering. Under his leadership, a 50 percent increase in the
number of federal prosecutors is underway and a program to nearly
double the number of federal prison cells has been launched.
Prior to assuming his present office, Mr. Thornburgh served
from 1987 to 1988 as Director of the Institute of Politics at
Harvard's John F. Kennedy School of Government and as a partner
in the Pittsburgh law firm of Kirkpatrick & Lockhart.
Mr. Thornburgh served two terms as Governor of Pennsylvania.
He was elected in 1978, re-elected in 1982, and named by his
fellow governors in a 1986 Newsweek poll as one of the nation's
most effective big-state governors.
Prior to becoming Governor, he served as United States
Attorney for Western Pennsylvania (1969-1975), prosecuting a
number of drug traffickers, major organized crime figures and
corrupt public officials. Thereafter, he served (1975-1977) as
Assistant Attorney General of the United States in charge of the
Criminal Division of the Department of Justice during the
administration of President Gerald Ford. He established the
Public Integrity Section to spearhead the Justice Department's
actions against corrupt public officials.
In 1973, he received a Special Medallion Award from the
Federal Drug Enforcement Administration for "significant personal
efforts to help eliminate drug abuse," and in 1988 personally
argued the government's successful drug-testing case before the
United States Supreme Court.
(MORE)
02/26/91
11:34
202 514 7976
PUBLIC AFFAIRS
003/003
While serving as Governor of Pennsylvania, Mr. Thornburgh
restored integrity and efficiency to state government and
fostered expansion and diversification of the economy by
innovative economic development policies, reducing taxes and
indebtedness and eliminating 15,000 unnecessary positions from
the state bureaucracy. Pennsylvania's unemployment rate, among
the ten highest in the nation when he was elected, had dropped to
one of the ten lowest when he left office.
His programs for welfare and education reform and for
upgrading the state's transportation system were nationally
acclaimed.
He also carried out an unprecedented crackdown on crime,
expanding the state police force, creating special units on drugs
and organized crime, winning passage of laws imposing mandatory
jail sentences for violent and repeat offenders, adopting tough
new standards for commutations, reinstating use of the death
penalty and undertaking the largest prison expansion in the
state's history.
During his years in office, Pennsylvania's serious crime
rate dropped by more than 17 percent and consistently was the
lowest of any large state. His programs to assist crime victims,
including a Victim's Bill of Rights, and funding of rape crisis
and domestic violence centers, earned Mr. Thornburgh the first
national award ever given by the National Organization for Victim
Assistance.
In 1979, Mr. Thornburgh's calm and effective handling of the
unprecedented Three Mile Island nuclear crisis was widely
credited with having averted panic and injury.
During the past twenty years, he has traveled extensively,
meeting with leaders in Europe, the Middle East, the Soviet
Union, Japan, China, Australia, Central and South America and
Africa.
A native of Pittsburgh, Mr. Thornburgh, 58, holds an
engineering degree from Yale and a law degree from the University
of Pittsburgh. He has been awarded honorary degrees by 26 other
colleges and universities.
Mr. Thornburgh is married to Ginny Judson Thornburgh, a
former school teacher from New York, who is currently Director of
the Religion and Disability Program, National Organization on
Disability, based in Washington.
The Thornburghs have four sons and four grandchildren. As
parents of a son with mental retardation, Dick and Ginny Thornburgh
have taken a special interest in the needs of persons with
disabilities and, along with their son, Peter, were named "Family
of the Year" by the Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens
in 1985.
#
#
#
#
#
9/90
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
STATE UNITED OFFICE a
OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20503
o
THE DIRECTOR
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
FEBRUARY 4, 1991
Attached are excerpts from the President's State of the
Union Message and Budget concerning the proposed turn-over of
selected programs to the States.
SINGLE CONSOLIDATED GRANT FOR THE STATES
The President's statement in the State of the Union Address
(January 29,1991) :
"The federal government too often treats
government programs as if they are of Washington, by
Washington, and for Washington. Once established,
federal programs seem to become immortal.
"It's time for a more dynamic program life cycle:
Some programs should increase. Some should decrease.
Some should be terminated. And some should be
consolidated and turned over to the states.
"My budget includes a list of programs for
potential turnover totalling more than $20 billion.
Working with Congress and the governors, I propose we
select at least $15 billion in such programs and turn
them over to the states in a single consolidated
grant -- fully funded -- for flexible management by the
states.
"The value of this turnover approach is
straightforward. It allows the federal government to
reduce overhead. It allows states to manage more
flexibly and more efficiently. It moves power and
decision-making closer to the people. And it
reinforces a theme of this administration:
appreciation and encouragement of the innovative powers
of 'States as Laboratories.
The Director's Introduction to the Budget (February 4, 1991) :
"Some programs should be consolidated and turned
over to the States -- funded in more flexible form.
Programs appropriate for such turnover may be selected
from two broad categories: those whose purposes are
judged by States to be of continuing value, but whose
relative funding priority at the Federal level is
declining; and those which seem, in any case, to be
appropriate for flexible management by the States.
"The President has established a target of
$15 billion in program turnovers for the States. A
list of possible turnover candidates totaling over
$20 billion is at Table II-10. The actual selection of
programs for turnover would have to be authorized by
the Congress -- in consultation with the Administration
and the Governors. (After the actual selection is
determined, the current distribution of such programs
by State would be calculated. The Administration would
then propose to replace these programs with a single
consolidated block grant to the States. The formula
for this new block grant would approximate the same
distribution to the individual States as they would
receive under the present program structure -- seeking
to assure that no State would be harmed by the move to
a new, consolidated block grant.)
"The American Federal system has within it an
enormous power for innovation: the natural variation
and experimentation among the States. For too long,
this potential has been under-appreciated at the
Federal level. Nonetheless, the reality is that some
of the most interesting examples of innovation are
being set by the States -- in areas ranging from
educational choice, to enterprise zones, to health cost
control, welfare reform, and transportation finance.
"The Administration seeks to reenforce this
natural power of the States -- and to help build upon
it."
Program candidates for potential turn-over (fully funded):
See Table II-10 in the President's Budget for a list of
programs that seem to be appropriate candidates for turn-over to
the States. This list is provided to start the discussion with
the Governors and the Congress. It is understood and expected
that Governors and members of Congress may propose a different
list. The Administration intends to be flexible in trying to
develop a mutually agreeable set of programs for turn-over. The
President's target of at least $15 billion of such programs seems
a reasonable minimum, however.
NOTE: The set of programs listed at Table II-10 is currently
subject to 1,028 Federal Register pages of federal regulation,
requiring an estimated 4.2 million hours of paperwork each year.
2
Part One-22
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1992
Table II-10. POTENTIAL BLOCK GRANT PROGRAMS
(In millions of dollars)
Enacted
Proposed
Department/Programs
1991
1992
1993
1994
1996
1996
BA
0
BA
o
BA
o
BA
O
BA
0
BA
o
Education:
Impact aid payments
781
815
620
695
620
651
620
624
620
620
620
620
Supplemental education oppor-
tunity grants
520
404
347
498
347
352
347
347
347
347
347
347
Chapter 2 block grant
449
533
449
465
449
445
449
449
449
449
449
449
Public library services programs
143
155
35
115
35
71
35
35
35
35
35
35
Environmental Protection Agency:
Construction grants
2,083
2,345
1,900
2,195
1,200
2,082
600
1,883
-
1,482
-
1,025
Health and Human Services:
State welfare administrative ex-
penses for Medicaid, AFDC,
and Food Stamps
5,178
5,167
5,878
5,867
6,453
6,440
7,062
7,048
7,701
7,686
8,366
8,349
Social services block grant
2,800
2,800
2,800
2,800
2,800
2,800
2,800
2,800
2,800
2,800
2,800
2,800
Low-income home energy assist.
ance program
1,610
1,669
1,025
991
875
796
625
552
475
393
375
287
Housing and Urban Development:
Selected public and subsidized
housing programs
5,512
3,185
4,789
3,805
4,837
4,484
4,897
4,685
4,961
5,036
5,026
4,968
Community development block
grants
3,200
3,073
2,920
3,097
2,920
3,061
2,920
2,906
2,920
2,914
2,920
2,915
Justice:
Byrne Memorial State and local
law enforcement assistance
program
490
342
490
421
490
475
490
481
490
484
490
491
Total
22,766
20,488
21,253
20,949
21,026
21,657
20,845
21,810
20,798
22,246
21,428
22,286
3