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Ottawa Working Dinner Toast 3/11/91 [OA 6856]
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Ottawa Working Dinner Toast 3/11/91 [OA 6856]
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26
21
3
2
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
To Cici
CANADA
Date
Time
WHILE YOU WERE OUT
State: Border crossing
M Jack Felt
of
Canadian DSK
647-2170
6471097
Phone
Area Code
Number
Extension
Comments
TELEPHONED
PLEASE CALL
CALLED TO SEE YOU
WILL CALL AGAIN
Igoose symbot
WANTS TO SEE YOU
URGENT
RETURNED YOUR CALL
Message
DAG
Operator
AMPAD
EFFICIENCY@
23-023
CARBONLESS
COPY TO CW
STAFFED
(Hinchliffe/Cawley)
March 11, 1991
1 p.m.
OTTAWA
working
VINS chargenum
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: OTTAWA STATE DINNER TOAST
March 14, 1991
It's always very special when leaders of our two countries
meet; because Canada and the United States have an extraordinary
historic friendship. A friendship symbolized by our shared
border --- crossed unimpeded by Americans and Canadians -- by our
Nexis
bald eagle and your Canada goose. Unfortunately, it's also a
border crossed by the malignancy of acid rain -- which poisons
SEQ
though limited
chuck
the woods, the waters, and the lives of both our nations. North Amerian
Herrick771
only
2
The threat acid rain poses to our futures has brought us
Draft
today to Ottawa, to sign this historic air quality agreement
At
to
Bryan Niclean
last year's Houston summit, Prime Minister Mulroney and I began
475-9400
these negotiations.
How appropriate that our work is culminating
Fodors '91 Guide
canada,
here -- in the province whose very name means "shining waters."
p.419
This agreement is our attempt to live up to the promise Mr.
Foreign gress, visitors
Mulroney stated so poignantly to our Congress: "we shall per-
vol. to 2.1069
severe until our skies regain their purity and our rains recover
the gentleness that gives life to our forests and streams."
And we cannot forget that we're here at the conclusion of
F18
another just, shared cause: our jointly undertaken liberation of squadrom) +
Kuwait. We honor the servicemen and women who embodied the
NSC
finest ideals of Canada and the U.S. as they spoke with the power
of their very lives for decency, for morality, and for humanity.
Let us raise our glasses in honor of them -- in honor of our
special friendship -- and in commitment to our mutual
undertakings. To good allies -- and to good causes.
SUGGESTED TOAST
STATE DINNER IN OTTAWA
We have much to celebrate. I have come here to sign an
historic document -- an air quality agreement between our two
countries. Prime Minister Mulroney and I opened negotiations
on this agreement at the Houston Summit in April, 1990. Now we
see the fruits of what was a long and intense process, but a
process that was conducted in a spirit of cooperation and
good-neighborliness. We now have an agreement to improve air
quality -- something we can all breathe easier about.
We are also here in the Canadian capital at the conclusion
of another just cause. We are celebrating our joint victory in
the Gulf. Cooperation and good-neighborliness contribute also
to being good allies. And we are good allies.
Let us raise our glasses to good-neighbors, good allies,
and good causes.
Helga Wang lie
(TIME)(eats me Jan. 1991)
WFB James Dobson, Children at ROG
(wadpub)
W.B. - "Chtart 10/90 * - Culture at Note in Dane- Made Am"
Josephson Institute of Ethic (main Reg) chal
of an. Youth's
OHawa
Remarks by
canadian leaders
to Joint sessions
of us congress
Ref.
Floog
F63
Fodor's91
199
WH
Canada
Iblocte
PROPERTY OF
LIBRARY
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF
THE PRESIDENT
Fodor's Travel Publications, Inc.
New York and London
Introduction
ntario
Ontario is an old Iroquois word meaning 'shining waters. The
province contains 156,670 square kilometers (68,490 square
miles) of fresh water-one quarter of all there is in the world.
The waters of the St. Lawrence Seaway and the Great Lakes
bound Ontario for a thousand miles on its populous and affluent
southern rim. Here its waterways are plied by hulking ocean
tankers, lake cruisers, and pleasure craft. But the majority of
Ontario's lakes are blue expanses crossed by the occasional lone
canoe.
The sheer immensity of Ontario (an area of almost a half-million
square miles) makes it hard to discern a character. Inside one
political boundary you will find frontier mining towns like
South Porcupine, the gentle pastoral scenery of Kitchener's
Mennonite farm communities, flashing neon sophistication of
midtown Toronto, and gray stone conservatism of townships
around Kingston.
The scenery varies tremendously and SO do the people. Ontar-
io, with 9 million people, is the most populous province in En-
glish Canada. It's home to wealthy industrialists, Indian and
Métis trappers, celebrated artists, solitary bush pilots, WASP
gentry, and immigrants of all colors and creeds. It has more
Germans than Nuremberg, more Italians than Florence, more
blacks than Bermuda. The province is as big as two Texases,
three Japans, or France, Germany, and Italy combined. As a
traveler in a province this big and this diverse, the best you can
do is scratch the edges and marvel at the rest-like the first ex-
plorers who glimpsed its vastness more than three and a half
centuries ago.
In this chapter, we cover the most frequently visited sites in
the southern part of the province. Toronto is covered in Chap-
ter 3.
Essential Information
Important Addresses and Numbers
Tourist Ontario Travel (Queen's Park, Toronto M7A 2E5, tel. 416/965-
Information 4008, in English; 416/965-3448, in French; or 800/668-2946), a
Ontario division of the Ministry of Tourism and Recreation, can supply
information and maps for the entire province. For a free copy of
the Ontario Accommodation Directory, call 800/668-2746. The
provincial government also operates numerous Travel Informa-
tion Centres (open mid-May to Labor Day 8-8, Labor Day to
mid-May 8-4:30) throughout the province. All the information
centers are open daily; call 800/668-2746.
Ottawa For information on Ottawa, contact the Canada's Capital Visi-
tors and Convention Bureau (222 Queen St., 7th floor, Ont. K1P
5V9, tel. 613/237-5158).
Niagara Falls Contact the Niagara Falls, Canada Visitor and Convention Bu-
reau (4673 Ontario Ave., Niagara Falls L2E 3R1, tel. 416/356-
6061).
There is also an Information Center (tel. 416/358-3221) at the
corner of Highway 420 and Stanley Avenue. You'll see the big
Ontario
420
Exploring Ontario
Niagara-on- The Niagara Foundation visits local homes and gardens every
the-Lake spring. Phone the Chamber of Commerce (tel. 416/468-2325).
somed into a lively cosmopolitan capital of C
(The verb blossom is in Ottawa's case quit
Hillebrand Estates Winery (Hwy. 55, Niagara Stone Rd., tel.
full of gardens and parks.) Parliament reces
416/468-7123) offers free tours, followed by a free sampling of
but politics remains the city's driving forc
their award-winning products.
Ottawa is inaccessible to tourists. It include
A much larger, more established firm is Inniskillin Wine, which
network, strategic tables in certain resta
offers tours and has numerous displays that illustrate the wine-
Château Grill and Les Saisons in the Westin
making procedure inside a 19th-century barn. Off the Niagara
in the private homes of Rockcliffe. Still, (
River Pkwy., just south of town, tel. 416/468-2187. Tours
for the apolitical tourist, too. Every May
June-Oct. daily 10:30 and 2:30; Nov.-May, weekends 2:30.
Canada's hospitality toward the exiled Dut
ing World War II, the government of Hollan
Stratford Stratford Tours Inc. arranges a variety of tours, including din-
lips, 600,000 daffodils, and a half million
ing and theater. Box 45, Stratford N5A 6S8, tel. 519/271-8181.
Confederation Square, the banks of the Rid
The Avon Historical Society (tel. 519/271-5140) conducts
liament Hill. In late August the Central
charming one-hour tours of the city, July 1-Labor Day, daily
brings a horse show, a grandstand show, ano
except Sunday at 9:30 AM. Meet at the tourist information
In winter, skaters swarm on the Rideau Car
booth at Lakeside Drive and Ontario Street.
is floodlit on frosty nights, theater goers gl
the National Arts Centre, and skiers es
Exploring Ontario
slopes of the Gatineau Hills.
Numbers in the margin correspond with p
the Lower Ontario Province and Downtown
Orientation
1
The natural place to begin a walking to
Our exploration of the province begins in Ottawa and its sister
2
Parliament Hill, a 150-foot promontory over
city across the Ottawa River, Hull. Tour 2 travels along the St.
River. Designed by architects Thomas I
Lawrence River and the northern shore of Lake Ontario; Tour
Jones, the neo-Gothic Parliament Buildin
3 threads around the lakes north of Toronto. Tour 4 begins at
1866. The Peace Tower, in the center block
Niagara Falls, below Lake Ontario, and heads west of Toronto
291-foot-high neo-Gothic structure that re]
to Windsor, across the river from Detroit, Michigan.
Centre Block after it was gutted by fire in
goyles project from each corner of the tow
Highlights for First-time Visitors
faced clock. Inside there's a monument to C
lookout, and a 52-bell carillon. The 22,400-p
Canadian Museum of Civilization, Hull, Tour 1: Ottawa and
strikes the hour. Every summer day in 1
Hull
Tower-weather permitting-the 30-minut
the guard ceremony is performed, at 10
Changing of the Guard in front of Parliament Hill, Ottawa, Tour
pipes, drums, bear-skin hats, and the flashi
1: Ottawa and Hull
Governor General's Foot Guards and the C
Horseshoe Falls, Niagara Falls, Tour 4: Niagara and West to
Guards of Montréal.
Windsor
To the sides of the Peace Tower and Centre Blc
National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Tour 1: Ottawa and Hull
West blocks, their copper roofs oxidized blue
sandstone. Both are part of the original compl
Shakespeare Festival, Stratford, Tour 4: Niagara and West to
escaped the fires that devastated the Centre
Windsor
doorway of the East Block's main (150-fo
Shaw Festival, Niagara-on-the-Lake, Tour 4: Niagara and West
carved the coats of arms of Upper Canada a
to Windsor
which united to form the Confederation of (
the western facade a carriage porch of cut fr
Tour 1: Ottawa
from the building. At the northern end of th
entrance to the prime minister's office. The
In 1858 Queen Victoria astounded Canada by choosing
of Commons, and the office of the leader of th
Bytown, a backwoods lumbering town, to be the capital of the
located in the Centre Block. Austere, dignifi
new Dominion. Typically, her compromise site pleased neither
and-oak hall of the House of Commons is th
French-Canadians (who were arguing for Québec City) nor the
bates of Canada's 282 elected members of Pai
English (who supported Kingston and Toronto). At any rate
lic is welcome to observe House debates an
Bytown was renamed Ottawa, an Indian word meaning "a place
(usually the liveliest part of the proceedings)
of buying and selling." The name is perhaps a caution to the
daily when the House is in session. In the C
city's thousands of federal politicians and civil servants.
ing gold-and-crimson Senate Chamber the
From a remote village with a population of 7,500 at the time of
(the Queen's representative in Canada) read
Confederation, "Westminster in the wilderness" has blos-
the Throne at the opening of each session 0
Centre Block also houses the library (comple
GRESS
nting
e. On
inion
Brian Mulroney, Prime Minister of Canada
adian
Address before a Joint Meeting of the U.S. Senate and House of
Representatives
April 27, 1988
Mr. Speaker, Mr. Vice President,
Members of Congress and Chers Amis, I feel right at home here, Mr.
Speaker. This is the kind of invitation I sort of get everyday in the
House of Commons, just before question period.
But I am delighted to be here and thank you for your gracious
invitation and your very warm welcome.
I come here today to celebrate the historic friendship between
Canada and the United States. On the border between our two
countries, there are no fences and no barricades; there are no
Interesting point...
soldiers and no arms. That 5,000-mile frontier, spanning a continent
could maybe
between two oceans, is, of itself, a remarkable historical fact. It
paraphrase
symbolizes neighborliness between two free and peace-loving na-
tions. It signifies leadership, not only in the conduct of our bilateral
relations, but for the international community as a whole.
History requires us to provide for our common security on the
North American Continent, through NORAD and in the NATO
Alliance. Geography obliges us to preserve and protect our environ-
ment, to pass on intact to future generations what providence and
re: rainaty acid
our forebears have so generously bequeathed us. Economics and
geography together present us with a unique opportunity to further
enhance our prosperity through trade. We begin, Mr. Speaker, from
a common heritage of democratic traditions and a common defence
of liberty.
There are reminders of that, from the trenches of one war, to
the beaches of the next, places inscribed in the history of valour,
where Canadians and Americans have stood together, where Cana-
dians and Americans have died together, in the defence of freedom.
Canadians and Americans can and always will be proud of their
commitment to democracy and freedom.
As we made common cause in two world wars and in Korea, SO
do our young men and women now stand the first watch of liberty in
Congressional Record, 100th Congress, 2nd Session, vol. 134, no. 56. pp. H2618-H2620.
1065
1066
FOREIGN VISITORS TO CONGRESS.
Western Europe. In peacetime, as in war, the United States and
Canada have shouldered and shared heavy burdens in our common
commitment to freedom. Together, we have maintained our pres-
ence in Europe for two generations, at considerable expense to both
nations.
The importance of our defense capabilities now lies not so
much in projecting power as in deterring war. I salute President
Reagan for his achievements in the bolstering of Western defenses.
His courage and leadership-and that of this Congress-have also
made possible significant progress in arms control and disarma-
ment.
The INF Agreement, which has the full support of Canada and
all NATO members, addresses the collective security of East and
West, not just the United States and the Soviet Union; ultimately it
deals with the survival of the human race. Canada, more than many
countries, Canadians perhaps more than many peoples, are aware
of the sombreness of nuclear realities of our world. For we live in
the shadow of nuclear arms, situated as we are directly between the
world's superpowers.
But Mr. Speaker and Mr. Vice President it is not as if we see
nothing to choose between them. We hear much about glasnost and
Perestroika in the Soviet Union. Mr. Gorbachev is a reformer and, in
the Soviet system, there is much in need of reforming. We wish him
well, but history obliges us to retain a strong measure of skepticism
about the Soviet system. And in some ways, Canadians also can be
from Missouri.
Not all the time, Senator.
We live between the two superpowers, but did not and we do
not see them as morally equivalent in any way. The United States is a
bulwark of democracy, a beacon of liberty. The United States and its
NATO allies stand for freedom; they exemplify and celebrate human
rights and individual dignity.
Here, as in Canada, tolerance and respect for one another's
opinions are ingrained in the national character. Here, as in
Canada, governments dispose, but it is the people, the people who
decide; elected representatives may govern but, it is, in the terms of
the preamble of your Constitution, "We the people" who rule.
We are two independent nations, each with its own national
interests and unique character. You have one official language; we
have two. Your system of government is congressional; ours is
parliamentary. Neither of our countries is without its inequities and
its imperfections. But we are, each in our own way, building caring
societies that give our citizens remarkable opportunities for educa-
NGRESS
BRIAN MULRONEY (1988)
1067
S and
tion and employment, enabling them and our countries to make
nmon
dramatic social and economic progress. We each have sovereign
pres-
interests to assert, national interests to uphold. And we can have
) both
different views of the world, just as we clearly have different
responsibilities in the world.
ot SO
You know, it is fashionable in some circles to suggest that
sident
America is growing weary of its role and that its influence is in
enses.
decline in the world. The evidence to the contrary is all about you,
e also
in the Silicon Valley of California, in the Sun Belt of the South, in
arma-
your great agricultural heartland, in the new high technology
corridor of the Northeast, in the towers of Manhattan, and through-
a and
out this splendid capital.
t and
The world still looks to America not only as a model of liberty,
ely it
but as a source of persuasive international leadership. The world
many
counts as well on the strength and independence of this Congress, a
ware
legislature of unprecedented influence and capacity for good which
ve in
has endured for over 200 years and which stands proudly as a
n the
cornerstone of this impressive democracy.
Mr. Speaker, when I sought the leadership of my party 5 years
e see
ago, and it was then that I acquired a deep respect for everyone
t and
everywhere who has had to run in a primary, but when I sought the
d, in
leadership of my own party I said that Canada and the United States
him
were one another's best friend and greatest ally. Nothing in my
cism
experience in government-and we have known tensions and
n be
serious disagreement-nothing has led me to revise my views
about the profound value of an exemplary relationship between two
of the world's great democracies.
e do
Our common democratic values and our shared commitment
isa
to defend them is but one worthy example of neighborliness and
d its
leadership. The protection of our environment is another. As
man
President Reagan has said:
"Our two countries should work together on all matters of
er's
environment, because entrusted to us is the care of a very unique
; in
and a very beautiful continent and all of us share the desire to
who
protect this for generations of Canadians and Americans yet to
S of
come."
For more than 75 years, since the creation of the International
nal
Joint Commission, the United States and Canada have demonstrated
we
both sensitivity and effectiveness in environmental protection and
S is
wildlife conservation. The flow of nature is rarely constrained by
and
boundaries. The Canada goose winters in the United States-along
ing
with a few other Canadians-and the American bald eagle nests in
ca-
the forests and soars in the skies of British Columbia.
1068
FOREIGN VISITORS TO CONGRESS
BI
Consider what we have achieved together in just one area, since
the Great Lakes Waters Quality Agreement of 1972. The Great Lakes
Og
are coming back-one sure sign of this is the return in numbers of
er
wildlife species once thought to be on the verge of extinction.
an
In the newly updated agreement, signed by our two countries
in Toledo last November, we agreed not only on the nature of toxic
CO
wastes that have polluted the Great Lakes, but on a process for
re
action to restore them.
he
[Speaking in French.]
CO
[Translation] Together, the United States and Canada are taking
the first steps to arrest the deterioration of the ozone layer that
en
shields the Earth from the most damaging effects of the Sun. The
re{
Montreal accord is but one example not only of what we can achieve
life
together, but of leadership for the world-and also, Mr. Speaker,
Co
that is to make certain they get the message in Louisiana.
wa
Mr. Prime poke you yrs. to wreats our you X
[Text] This is not to say, [Mr. Speaker], that there are not issues
gei
of great moment between us. You are aware of Canada's grave
but
concerns on acid rain. In Canada, acid rain has already killed nearly
Ke
15,000 lakes; another 150,000 are being damaged and a further
yea
150,000 are threatened. Many salmon-bearing rivers in Nova Scotia
wheness the spukamage, 3 treaty acid it ve signed
no longer support the species. Prime agricultural land and impor-
tant sections of our majestic forests are receiving excessive amounts
of acid rain.
We are doing everything we can to clean up our own act-we
have concluded agreements with our provinces to reduce acid rain
to
a
emissions in Eastern Canada to half their 1980 levels by the year
cha
1994. But you know, that is only half the solution-because the
the
other half of our acid rain comes across the border, directly from
env
the United States, falling upon our forests, killing our lakes, and
ally
soiling our cities.
The one thing acid rain does not do is discriminate. It is
wor
despoiling your environment as inexorably as it is ours. It is
has
damaging your environment from Michigan to Maine, and threat-
sum
ens marine life on the eastern seaboard.
lum
It is a rapidly escalating ecological tragedy in this country as
fully
well as ours. Just imagine for a second the damage to your tourism
the
and recreation; to timber stands and fishing streams; to your
trad
precious heritage-if this is not stopped.
and
We acknowledge responsibility for some of the acid rain that
falls in the United States, and by the time our program reaches
part
projected targets, our export of acid rain to the United States will
expc
have been cut by an amount in excess of 50 percent. We ask nothing
com
more than this from you.
Cana
NGRESS
BRIAN MULRONEY (1988)
1069
since
I recognize that congressional funding for a clean coal technol-
Lakes
ogy program will help to develop new methods for reducing
ers of
emissions in the longer term. I welcome that. I think it is a helpful
n.
and a progressive step. But more is needed.
ntries
We invite the administration, and the leadership of Congress, to
toxic
conclude an accord whereby we agree on a schedule and targets for
SS for
reducing acid rain that crosses our border. I will admit without
hesitation that the cost of reducing acid rain is substantial, but the
cost of inaction is greater still.
aking
Canada will continue to press fully its case to rid our common
r that
environment of this blight-and we shall persevere until our skies
1. The
regain their purity and our rains recover the gentleness that gives
:hieve
life to our forests and streams-and we hope that the United States
eaker,
Congress and the American people will respond in exactly the same
way. I ask you this very simple proposition: What would be said of a
issues
generation of North Americans that found a way to explore the stars,
grave
but allowed its lakes and forests to languish and die? For as John F.
early
Kennedy said at the University of New Brunswick, more than 30
arther
years ago:
Scotia
npor-
In the final analysis, the elimination of these various tensions on
ounts
both sides of the border
must rely upon the wisdom, understand-
ing and ability of the leadership
of our two nations.
-we
1 rain
President Kennedy was right then, and his thoughtful words
year
challenge both our countries today. It is our view and I suppose it is
e the
the view of many of you that our economic development and
from
environmental protection are not mutually exclusive, but are mutu-
and
ally reinforcing.
And in terms of resources, Canada plays a major role in the
It is
world. With the seventh largest economy in the free world, Canada
It is
has had, since 1984, the strongest growth rate of the economic
areat-
summit countries. We are the world's largest exporter of metals and
lumber, the world's second largest exporter of wheat, and we supply
ry as
fully one-third of the world's newsprint-I am not responsible for
irism
the editorials. Canada and the United States conduct vital energy
your
trade-Canada is your most important foreign supplier of oil, gas,
and electricity.
that
That is just one component of the world's largest trading
ches
partnership, in which 2 million jobs in each country depend on
$ will
exports to the other. Consider this: three-quarters of our exports
thing
come to the United States; fully one-quarter of your exports go to
Canada. We buy as Canadians twice as much from you as Japan, and
1070
FOREIGN VISITORS TO CONGRESS
we buy 10 times as much on a per capita basis. Canada buys more
from the United States of America than the United Kingdom,
France, West Germany, and Italy combined, and I tell you that is the
record of a fair and a good trader. May Margaret Thatcher forgive
me. But in point of fact as you already know, we are your best
customers. We are good partners. And we are fair traders.
The Free Trade Agreement presents our two countries with an
historic opportunity to create new jobs and enduring prosperity.
This won't surprise you, but there are those in our country who say
that in these negotiations we gave up too much. There are those in
your country-perhaps even in this Chamber-who contend that
we conceded too little. The agreement is not everything either side
would have wanted, but as Franklin Roosevelt once observed:
Nations are co-equals, and therefore any treaty must represent
compromises.
This is a good, balanced and fair agreement, the most impor-
tant ever concluded between two trading partners. Quite apart from
phasing-out all tariffs, which I think you will agree is an achieve-
ment in itself, we've established a number of important firsts-for
trade in services, for financial services, for bilateral investment. And
we've established a unique dispute settlement mechanism.
My administration has the majority to enact this agreement,
and we shall. In the Congress, you will vote it up or down, as you see
the interests of your fellow citizens. It is there, on the table, for both
of us to ratify-a dream as old as the century, a dream that has
eluded successive generations of leaders for a hundred years, a
dream that is now clearly within our grasp.
Now is the time to send a powerful signal to our other trading
partners, to give strong impetus to the GATT, to give new hope to
those poorer nations who desperately need more liberalized trade
and more generous access to our markets.
We stand at the threshold of a great new opportunity for all our
citizens. This is more than simply a commercial agreement between
two countries. The Free Trade Agreement for you and for me is a
call to excellence. It is a summons to our two peoples to respond to
the challenge of comparative advantage in the 21st century.
A nation's productivity may end on the assembly line, but it
begins in the classroom. The imperatives of education are compel-
ling and clear. Canadians know, we have learned that the growth
areas of our economy, the areas of technology and innovation and
GRESS
BRIAN MULRONEY (1988)
1071
nore
the service sector will demand, for example, higher math scores,
l'om,
higher reading and reasoning skills, and greater language proficien-
S the
cy, if we are to remain competitive.
rgive
The demands of trade oblige us as a smaller country with 25
best
million people, we have had to learn to be lean and aggressive, but
fair, and in becoming more competitive in the world, I think we
h an
have become more knowledgeable upwardly.
crity.
And so, Mr. Speaker, that is the challenge of the Pacific. This is
) say
not a mystery. This is the challenge of the Pacific. That is the
se in
challenge of the European community, 320 million strong, in 1992.
that
That is the challenge of developing nations who cannot meet
side
their financial obligations if they cannot sell their goods.
If the poorest nations cannot get that crippling burden of debt
off their backs, they can't do business with either of our great
countries. From the age of the Phoenicians to the age of Venice, to
our own era, civilizations always have been enriched by trade.
And that, in my judgment, and I fought for this, and I have
npor-
carried our share of responsibility, and others in this Chamber have
from
as well. That is what the Free Trade Agreement is about-a
lieve-
magnificent opportunity for a new decade and a new century.
-for
The challenges and the choices for both our nations are clear:
And
To guarantee our continued security.
To ensure an environment in which our children can inherit
nent,
both a standard of living and a standard of life.
u see
To provide for their education and development in a manner
both
which will assure, years from now, their well-being and their
it has
competitiveness and their prosperity.
ars, a
And most of all, you and I as legislators and as leaders of our
respective countries, must continue to build distinctive and inde-
ading
pendent societies on the North American Continent that reflect
pe to
both the excitement of change and the strength of immutable
trade
values.
Mr. Speaker, and Mr. Vice President, and Members of the
11 our
Congress, succeeding generations of Americans have known the
tween
wisdom of the philosopher, Ralph Waldo Emerson, who wrote:
e is a
"The way to have a friend is to be one."
ond to
Our two peoples, our two countries, have met that test in the
past. We do so today, and I know that we shall in the future. I am
but it
confident, there is not the slightest doubt in my mind, I am
mpel-
confident that the relationship between Canada and the United
rowth
States of America, we will know difficulties, we will know moments
in and
of strain, we will know moments of crisis and tension, but there is
1072
FOREIGN VISITORS TO CONGRESS
not the slightest doubt in my mind that rooted as we are in
fundamental values and democratic traditions that this relationship
will always be, as Winston Churchill described it more than a half a
century ago, "an example to every country, and a pattern for the
future of the world."
Thank you.
[Applause, the Members rising.]
for
V incent Massey, Governor General of Canada
to
INTRODUCTION BY JANICE POTTER MACKINNON
are
a
the
be
VINCENT MASSEY WAS BORN IN
1887 into a wealthy and prominent Canadian family with many
American ties. The Masseys were an old New England family which
began its Canadian history in 1802 when Vincent's great-great-
a
grandfather moved north. Vincent's mother, Anna Vincent, was an
nd
American and his younger brother, Raymond, pursued an acting
in
career in the United States. The Masseys were also successful
capitalists who owned the largest farm-implement company in
Canada and they were patrons of the arts.
Massey was educated at the University of Toronto and at
Oxford. After working as a history lecturer at the University of
Toronto from 1913 until 1915, as an army staff officer and member
of the war committee of the cabinet during the war, and as
president of the family firm, Massey-Harris Company, from 1921
until 1925, he made his first foray into politics in 1926. When he
failed to get elected as a Liberal, he was appointed Canada's first
minister to the United States, a post he held until 1930. Because
Massey was widely known as an anglophile, his appointment
reassured Canadians that closer ties with the United States would
not lessen contact with Britain; indeed, the furniture in the Massey
residence in Washington was imported from England.
Massey continued the family tradition of support for the arts
and higher education. Well educated himself, he married Alice
Parkin, daughter of Sir George Parkin, a Canadian intellectual who
favored strengthening Canadian ties with the British empire. From
1935 until 1946, Massey served as high commissioner to Britain and
in 1949 he was appointed chairman of the Royal Commission on
National Development in the Arts, Letters and Sciences, the most
comprehensive study to date of Canadian culture.
The pinnacle of Massey's career was his service from 1952 until
1959 as governor general, a position previously held only by
Englishmen. During his term of office he made two official trips
outside Canada, one to the French islands of St. Pierre and
Miquelon and the other to the United States. He was invited to the
423
424
FOREIGN VISITORS TO CONGRESS
United States in 1954 in return for a state visit to Canada by
President and Mrs. Eisenhower. Welcomed with the honors normal-
ly accorded a head of state, Massey was given a state dinner and the
unusual privilege of addressing both houses of Congress. (He was
also delighted to sleep in a bed made for and used by President
F
Lincoln.) As representative of the Queen in Canada, Massey had no
authority to make any policy statement without the approval of the
Canadian government. Thus, his visit and his speech were mainly
ceremonial, although in his discussion of Canadian-American rela-
tions he did emphasize the differences as well as the similarities
between the Canadian and American peoples. Because the speech
N
was merely ceremonial, no action resulted. Its significance lies in
C
the fact that it was the first speech made in the United States by
V
Canada's first Canadian-born governor general.
g
N
b
d
p
p
d
to
c
c
o
n
n
p
n
o
ti
a
A
G
C
St
C
ESS
by
al-
Vincent Massey, Governor General of Canada
he
as
Address before a Joint Meeting of the U.S. Senate and House of
nt
Representatives
no
May 4, 1954
he
nly
la-
es
Mr. President, Mr. Speaker, and
ch
Members of the Congress, first may I thank you for the high
in
compliment you have paid my country this morning, and for the
by
warmth of your welcome which has touched me very deeply. I feel
greatly honored that I should be asked to meet, on this occasion, the
Members of the two great legislative bodies assembled in this
Chamber. I am conscious at this moment-and who would not
be-of the relation between the course of world events and the
decisions which are arrived at here. You have given me a rare
privilege today, and I am very grateful to you for it.
I feel no stranger in this city. [Applause.] I spent several very
pleasant years here long ago, when my task was to set up the first
diplomatic mission from Canada to your country, and my privilege
to serve as envoy. This was when the nations of our Commonwealth
commenced to send their own representatives abroad-first to this
capital-each concerned with his country's business but all looking
on the same sovereign as the head of the Commonwealth.
As Canadian Minister I bore credentials from our sovereign. I
now come to you again as a representative of the Crown-this time
not in a post abroad but in one at home. "Governor General" is,
perhaps, a rather misleading term. A person holding that office does
not govern. His functions, indeed, can easily be confused with those
of governors in some other countries who, unlike him, are adminis-
trators. We, no less than yourselves, are, of course, a completely free
and independent nation. Canada alone among the countries of the
Americas is a constitutional monarchy. Under our system the
Governor General represents the sovereign, who is the head of our
Canadian state and with us, all actions in the field of government,
from the passing of legislation to the delivering of mail are per-
formed, to quote the ancient phrase we use, "On Her Majesty's
service."
Congressional Record, 83rd Congress, 2nd Session, vol. 100, part 5, pp. 5959-5960.
425
426
FOREIGN VISITORS TO CONGRESS
VINC
oth
In June of last year, an event took place of high significance to
us in Canada. In none of Her Majesty's realms was her coronation
par
riec
celebrated with greater fervor. May I say that as your neighbors, we
Canadians were greatly touched by the deep and widespread
gua
inh
interest displayed by the American people in this event. May I be
permitted to convey to you the sincere appreciation of the Queen's
anc
The
subjects in Canada, for your sensitive understanding of a ceremony
which meant so much to us and, we believe, much to the world.
res
Tre
[Applause.]
On an occasion such as this, made possible by your graceful
tio
dis
hospitality, one is reminded of all that our Commonwealth owes to
you, and, indeed, has owed ever since you established your free
ha
Republic here on this continent. The principles enshrined in your
OV
Declaration of Independence and in your Constitution were a
the
challenge to the British peoples in the 18th century, and since, to
seek out the sources of their ancient freedom-sources from which
An
we all have fed. Thus, you helped us to cultivate our own institutions
gr
under the Crown, which to us is a symbol of freedom and duty. We
CO
are grateful to you for aiding us in the Commonwealth to preserve
yo
and enrich our own way of life.
Even at the very beginning, the noble emotions inspired by the
ar
de
declaration of the fathers of this Republic, and the solid framework
of the Constitution which they built, were comprehended and
gr
welcomed by many in Great Britain. I belong to a club in Lon-
no
don-a stronghold of the Whigs in the 18th century-many of
y
d
whose members used to receive the news of General Washington's
victories with undisguised satisfaction. One of them, indeed, boast-
ed that he had drunk the general's health every night during the
tr
o
course of the war in America. [Applause.]
To say that you in the United States and we in Canada have
и
much in common, is a venerable platitude. Living as we do side by
side on the same continent, our resemblances are many. We have,
too, similar views on fundamental things. Among our common
U
characteristics, one of the greatest, I believe, is our dislike of
regimentation-our respect for the differences which lend color to
everyday existence. We believe that each man should lead his own
t
life; that each group of men should preserve its own customs. It is
not surprising, therefore, that for all that we have in common, you
and we should each preserve certain habits and traditions which we
cherish because they belong to us. We know it is not your wish to
have on your borders a mere replica of your own country, but rather
a self-respecting community faithful to its own ways. We are thus
better neighbors, because self-respect is the key to respect for
ESS
VINCENT MASSEY (1954)
427
to
others. On our side of the border you will find a country in which
on
parliamentary government has been, we believe, successfully mar-
we
ried to a federal system; a country whose people cherish 2 lan-
ad
guages and 2 cultures-English and French; a land which has
be
inherited from its mother countries in the Old World many forms
n's
and customs which have been happily fitted into life in the New.
ny
These ways of ours you respect because they are ours, just as we
Id.
respect your ways because they are yours. Thus, in the words of the another canadian us
Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation, which laid the founda-
treaty
ful
tion of our present concord as long ago as 1794, we "promote a
to
disposition favorable to friendship and good neighborhood."
'ee
In Canada we are indeed fortunate in our neighborhood. We
ur
have a warm-hearted neighbor. This your people have shown us
a
over the years. There are countless bodies in this country in which,
to
through your invitations, Canadians share membership with their
ch
American friends. We are not unmindful of what we owe to your
ns
great universities and foundations. Let me say, too, that we are ever
Ne
conscious of the warmth of the hospitality we receive when we are
ve
your guests.
We have a powerful neighbor. Your massive strength, economic
he
and military, excites a sense of wonder at its magnitude. The
rk
dedication of this power to the cause of freedom evokes the
nd
gratitude of all who love freedom everywhere. Your Canadian
n-
neighbors know that when you assumed the grave responsibilities
of
you bear today, it was not of your choosing. And for what you have
i's
done, we honor you.
st-
We have a friendly neighbor. There is no need to enlarge on the
he
traditions of neighborly good sense which for SO long have marked
our relations. We can only hope that they may be reflected else-
ve
where in this troubled world. [Applause.]
by
We are happy to think that we know you well. Countless
e,
Canadians have personal friends on this side of the border. Many of
on
us have relatives here. It is, of course, natural that a small communi-
of
ty should know more of a larger neighbor than that neighbor knows
to
of it. We are getting to know each other better as the years pass. We
vn
welcome your visits to us. Often your objective may be the river or
is
the forest, and we are happy to offer you a playground. But perhaps
ou
you will let me say that we would not have our visitors show too
ve
strong a preference for those parts of Canada which are not yet
to
inhabited by Canadians. We should like you to know our people-
er
what they do and how they do it. I would not, of course, suggest that
us
you are unaware of what is going on in Canada in the field of
or
engineering and industry for example. Much of our development in
428
FOREIGN VISITORS TO CONGRESS
these spheres, I need not say, is a result of your confidence in our
future. Nowhere has our recent growth met with warmer acclaim
than in this country. It is true that quite extraordinary things have
F
happened of late in Canada, but we prefer sober adjectives with
which to describe them. Our expansion has been rapid, but it is
INT
steady and it is built on sound realities. It is based on the character
of our people and on the quality of our national life. It is based on a
hardihood and spirit of adventure as remarkable as that shown by
our first explorers; on the disciplined intellect of our men of science
seeking out new horizons of knowledge and usefulness; on the
yea
devotion of our legislators working to fulfill the conscious vision of
Ch
the fathers of our Confederation who almost a hundred years ago
an
came together to found a new nation. We believe that the Canada of
Se
today is not unworthy of inspection. I invite you to come and see us.
dic
I have talked about ourselves as your neighbors. I have said
fin
little about ourselves as your partners. You and we work together in
the international community. Along with kinsmen and friends
across the seas, we are allies in defense of the things we value.
[Applause.] And, if I may say so, I think that we in Canada, like you,
wl
have given proof that those values must be actively and zealously
sta
defended. [Applause.] Thus, in the far north we are working with
re
you to strengthen the defenses of this continent on our territory and
cc
on yours. In Korea there has been, from an early stage, a brigade
fro
group of Canadian troops. They are now standing guard against the
Fa
possibility of renewed attack. Twelve squadrons of the Royal Canadi-
er
an Air Force and a further Canadian brigade group are stationed in
Europe. Such formations, I need hardly say, should naturally be
K
related in our minds to the size of the population which provides
Ir
them.
m
We are also supplying our European friends with mutual aid on
a considerable scale. Canada, too, is giving help under the Colombo
a
plan to the countries of southern Asia. We believe-as you do-that
hi
the problems of our time cannot be solved by military strength
tc
alone. The line can be held only by the deployment of force, but the
re
objective-peace-can be won only by the quality of infinite
w
patience. [Applause.] In our collaboration, we may not always agree
C
on every detail of the plans we must discuss together, but there is no
a:
difference between us on the fundamental aims which we pursue;
we may differ now and then on the "hows" but never on the "whys."
d
You may depend upon us as faithful friends and comrades. [Ap-
plause, the Members rising.]
John Buchan, Lord Tweedsmuir, Governor
General of Canada
INTRODUCTION BY JANET ADAM SMITH
JOHN BUCHAN, BORN IN 1875, SON
of a minister of the Free Church of Scotland, was educated at
Glasgow University, and then Oxford, where he won academic
honors, including the Newdigate Prize for a poem on the Pilgrim
fathers, and supported himself by his writing. After qualifying as a
barrister and concerned with reconstruction after the Boer War, he
served two years under Lord Milner in South Africa. Back in
London, he worked at the Bar, specializing in tax cases. In 1907 he
married Susan Grosvenor and joined the publishing firm of Nelson.
Debarred by poor health from active service in 1914, he still
became deeply involved in the war as Intelligence Corps officer in
France and as director of the Department of Information. During
these years came the novels that made his reputation as a master of
adventure and suspense-The Thirty-Nine Steps, Greenmantle, and
Mr. Standfast. Henceforth his career ran in double harness: on the
one hand publisher and public man, on the other, novelist and
biographer of Montrose, Scott, Cromwell, and Augustus.
Buchan entered Parliament in 1926 as a liberally minded
Conservative. Though the friend and confidant of Prime Ministers
Baldwin and MacDonald, he never held office in their governments.
In 1935 he was appointed governor general of Canada and created a
baron; so it was as Lord Tweedsmuir that he visited President
Roosevelt in Washington in April 1937 (returning Roosevelt's visit to
Quebec the year before) and addressed the U.S. Congress. To both
Houses he stressed that a governor general could not talk of politics,
but he could express his longstanding love of America, her people
and her history (on an earlier visit he had toured the battlefields of
Virginia with Samuel Eliot Morison).
In September 1939 Tweedsmuir signed Canada's declaration of
war on Germany; he died in Montreal after a cerebral thrombosis
early in 1940, and his ashes were buried at Elsfield, his beloved
Oxfordshire home.
151
JOHN B
histor
John Buchan, Lord Tweedsmuir, Governor
Valley
Il
General of Canada
lies in
Address before the U.S. Senate
nation
same
April 1, 1937
friend
yours
differe
Mr. Vice President and Sena-
fact th
tors, you have done me today a great kindness and a great honor for
the oth
which I am deeply grateful. This is the culminating step in what has
when
been a most memorable visit. I have had the opportunity, in a place
mine.
I used to know well, of renewing many old friendships and making
basis f
In
some new ones.
I am told, Senators, that I am supposed to say something to you
tutes {
today. A Governor General is in a very curious position. Once I was
same
like you; I was a free and independent politician. [Laughter.] I could
type 0
liberate my mind on any subject, anywhere, at any time, at any
great ]
length I pleased. I had an official character, and, like you, I had also
In
a private character. I need not remind you that a man's official
am es
character does not do justice as a rule to the stalwart virtues which
proble
he possesses as a private citizen. [Laughter.]
proble
I remember in my own country on the Scottish border there
West.
was an old minister who once a month thought it his duty to deliver
harmc
a sermon upon the terrors of hell, when he fairly dangled his
duties
congregation over the abyss; but, being a humane man, he liked to
S
finish on a gentler note. He used to conclude thus: "Of course, my
than t
friends, ye understand that the Almighty is compelled to do things
purpo
in his official capacity that he would scorn to do as a private
A:
individual." [Laughter.]
pleasu
Senators, I am in the unfortunate position now of having no
thanks
private capacity, but only an official one. I am unable to express my
rising.
views upon any public question of any real importance, at least not
for publication. But there is one subject on which even a Governor
General may express his views, and that is my gratitude for your
kindness here and my admiration for your great country. I have
known America for many years. I have had the privilege of the
friendship of many of your citizens. I have long been a lover of your
history. I am quite sure that no American steeped in European
Congressional Record, 75th Congress, 1st Session, vol. 81, part 3, pp. 3015-3016.
152
JOHN BUCHAN (1937)
153
history gets more of a thrill from Westminster Abbey than I get from
Valley Forge and the Wilderness and the Shenandoah.
I have always believed that the secret of the future of civilization
lies in the hands of the English-speaking people. I want these great
nations not only to speak the same language but to think along the
same lines, for that is the only true form of cooperation and
friendship. I think that far too much is said about my country and
yours being alike. It is much more important that they should be
different. The strength of an alliance between two nations lies in the
1 Sena-
fact that they should be complementary to each other and each give
onor for
the other something new. Therefore, I am always inclined to rejoice
/hat has
when I find great and real differences between your country and
mine. But I think, when that has been said, that we have a wonderful
a place
making
basis for keeping together, especially on two grounds.
In the first place, we have the same definition of what consti-
tutes greatness and goodness in human character. We admire the
in to you
e I was
same qualities. We give our admiration and affection to the same
I could
type of leadership. Will anyone deny that your great men and our
great men are singularly alike at bottom?
at any
ad also
In the second place, we and you have the same tasks before us. I
official
am especially struck in Canada to discover that nearly all our
which
problems are paralleled by yours. We have the same economic
problems. We have the same problems in the drought areas in the
r there
West. We have very similar constitutional problems and the task of
deliver
harmonizing local interests and rights with national interests and
duties.
led his
iked to
Senators, I cannot imagine a greater bond between two nations
than that they should engage in the same tasks and for the same
se, my
things
purposes.
Cre: acid rain treaty )
As I have said, I regard this afternoon as the culminating
private
pleasure of a most delightful visit, and I offer you my sincerest
thanks for your welcome today. [Prolonged applause, Senators
ing no
rising.]
ess my
ast not
vernor
r your
I have
of the
of your
opean
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34
3RD STORY of Level 1 printed in FULL format.
Copyright (c) 1990 The Washington Post
July 9, 1990, Monday, Final Edition
SECTION: FIRST SECTION; PAGE A1
LENGTH: 1021 words
HEADLINE: Gorbachev Supported On Reform;
But Summit Leaders Differ on Providing Economic Assistance
SERIES: Occasional
BYLINE: Dan Balz, Stuart Auerbach, Washington Post Staff Writers
DATELINE: HOUSTON, July 8
BODY:
On the eve of their annual economic summit, representatives of the major
industrialized nations indicated their desire to show support for Soviet
President Mikhail Gorbachey's reform efforts, despite clear differences over
providing direct assistance to the beleaguered Soviet economy.
The Soviet aid question is expected to dominate discussions of the three-day
summit that begins here Monday. But a U.S. official, describing the differences
among the participating seven nations, said draft language for a final statement
was "pretty vague."
U.S. national security adviser Brent Scowcroft said that while the summit's
likely "primary message will be
encouragement" to Gorbachev for his reform
efforts, the leaders also will sound "a note of caution" that genuine economic
reform is needed before Western assistance can be productive.
The communique was being worked on tonight by aides as President Bush
welcomed arriving summit leaders at an indoor rodeo and barbecue in the
Astrodome. One draft expressed support for Gorbachev's efforts to reform the
Soviet economy, and reaffirmed the willingness of the Western nations "to widen
and deepen the scope of cooperation with the Soviet Union."
Also today, President Bush and Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney
agreed to begin negotiations shortly on an acid-rain agreement between the
two countries. A senior Canadian official said an agreement, which Canada has
wanted for years, is important for U.S.-Canada relations as well as the
environment.
Bush, backed by British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and Japanese Prime
Minister Toshiki Kaifu, opposes the plan of West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl
and French President Francois Mitterrand to give Moscow $ 15 billion to $ 20
billion in direct aid. Kohl is eager to aid the Soviets to offset their
nervousness over German unification.
Bush and his supporters said the Soviets had not instituted the kind of
reforms of the centrally run Soviet economy that would allow the money to be
used wisely. While the administration favors technical assistance for the
Soviets, it is balking at sending direct U.S. aid as long as the Soviets spend
LEXIS® NEXIS® LEXIS® NEXIS
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PAGE
35
(c) 1990 The Washington Post, July 9, 1990
a quarter of their budget on their military and send $ 5 billion annually to
subsidize Cuba.
"There will not be one monolithic policy from the Houston summit, # Treasury
Secretary Nicholas F. Brady said today on ABC's "Business World."
But there is a clear desire among all the participants to show support for
Gorbachev's efforts.
Scowcroft, appearing today on CNN's "Newsmaker Sunday," said, "I think that
the primary message [from the summit] will be one of encouragement for the
process that is taking place within the Soviet Union, encouragement for all the
things that Gorbachev has done and is proposing to do, but a note of caution
that much needs to be done in order to make, for example, Western assistance
productive."
Mulroney, on ABC's "This Week With David Brinkley," said, "Political and
military signals were sent off from London a few days ago at [the] NATO [summit]
and my expectation is that we're going to be considering, among other things, an
economic response not only to his concerns but to our own."
On the same program, Secretary of State James A. Baker III added that "What
we were able to accomplish in London at the NATO summit will be very meaningful
in terms of helping perestroika [restructuring] succeed and maybe more
meaningful than providing some $ 15 billion or $ 20 billion to an economy the
size of the Soviet economy before there is economic reform in place."
Baker said Moscow's military spending and foreign aid are reasons why the
Soviets "haven't been able to move forward in terms of [providing] consumer
goods and that sort of thing."
Mulroney raised the possibility of a Soviet Union without Gorbachev. If
Gorbachev was "chucked out" of office, Mulroney said, "we would be in an
infinitely worse position than we are today. And so there is a response that has
to come from Canada and from all of the industrialized nations.
Collectively, there has to be a significant response."
But he echoed Bush's view that individual countries have to decide for
themselves how to respond to Gorbachev's request for assistance to help the
crumbling Soviet economy and bolster his sagging political fortunes at home.
Mulroney emphasized that Canada is supplying previously promised farm and
commercial credits to Moscow, which the United States does not.
Asked if the Canadian credits undercut U.S. policy, Bush replied today,
"Nothing undercuts our policy."
White House press secretary Marlin Fitzwater said today that Gorbachev, in a
letter to Bush that was received July 4, asked the summit participants "to
consider providing technical economic assistance and credit that could be
helpful to his economic reform efforts."
The announcement on acid rain followed a private meeting today between Bush
and Mulroney. This issue has been a longtime irritant between the two countries,
with Canada pressing the United States to reduce emissions from midwestern
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PAGE 36
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power plants that have been spoiling its lakes and forests.
White House officials said that with Congress close to passing a Clean Air
Act, they were prepared to start negotiations to reduce sulfur dioxide and
other components of acid rain.
Environmental activists here played down the significance of the agreement.
"There's less there than meets the eye, and it took 10 years to get it," said
Daniel F. Becker of the Sierra Club.
James Tripp of the Environmental Defense Fund added, "They are merely
ratifying what they had already agreed to do."
The environment is one of three principal issues at the summit, with the
United States resisting European and Canadian calls for swift action to combat
global warming. The United States and Canada are also at odds with Europe over
ending agricultural subsidies.
Bush began his day by attending church with his wife, Barbara; Thatcher, and
Baker and Brady and their wives. Later, the president took a 30-minute jog in
Memorial Park where he was joined by several dozen citizens out for runs.
GRAPHIC: PHOTO, CANADIAN PRIME MINISTER BRIAN MULRONEY AND PRESIDENT BUSH
SPEAKING TO REPORTERS AT THE HOUSTON ECONOMIC SUMMIT. AFP
TYPE: FOREIGN NEWS
SUBJECT: ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS; SUMMITS AND CONFERENCES; HOUSTON; U.S.S.R.;
GOVERNMENT AID TO FOREIGN NATIONS; CANADA; NATO
ORGANIZATION: GROUP OF SEVEN
NAMED-PERSONS: MIKHAIL GORBACHEV; BRENT SCOWCROFT; JAMES A. BAKER III; BRIAN
MULRONEY; GEORGE BUSH; MARGARET THATCHER; TOSHIKI KAIFU; HELMUT KOHL; FRANCOIS
MITTERRAND; NICHOLAS F. BRADY