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Originally Processed With FOIA(s): FOIA Number: S S FOIA MARKER This is not a textual record. This is used as an administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential Library Staff. Record Group/Collection: George H.W. Bush Presidential Records Collection/Office of Origin: Speechwriting, White House Office of Series: Speech File Backup Files Subseries: Chron File, 1989-1993 OA/ID Number: 13750 Folder ID Number: 13750-002 Folder Title: Hispanic Alliance for Free Trade 3/9/91 [OA 6856] Stack: Row: Section: Shelf: Position: G 26 21 3 3 HISPANIC ALLIANCE FOR FREE TRADE \ THE EAST ROOM TUESDAY, MAR. 19, 1991 \ 2:00 P.M. THANK YOU. WELCOME TO THE WHITE HOUSE. IT'S GOOD TO SEE BoB MOSBACHER, WHO'S DOING SUCH AN OUTSTANDING JOB AS COMMERCE SECRETARY. CARLA HILLS, OUR VERY ABLE TRADE REPRESENTATIVE. AND DR. MICHAEL BOSKIN, CHAIRMAN OF THE COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISORS. THE PEOPLE GATHERED HERE SPAN THE 50 STATES, FROM CALIFORNIA TO NEW YORK TO FLORIDA, HOMETOWN HEROES WHO ARE HERE TO HELP LEAD AMERICA INTO THE 21st CENTURY. - 2.- - IT BRINGS TO MIND ANOTHER GROUP OF HEROES -- THE ALL- AMERICAN HEROES WE SEE ON TELEVISION ALMOST EVERY NIGHT NOW, STEPPING OFF THE PLANES AND INTO THE HISTORY BOOKS -- THE COURAGEOUS MEN AND WOMEN OF OPERATION DESERT STORM! THINKING OF THEM, AND LOOKING OUT AT THIS FINE GATHERING, I CAN'T HELP BUT THINK OF THE INCREDIBLE CONTRIBUTIONS HISPANIC-AMERICANS HAVE MADE TO THE DEFENSE OF THIS NATION, IN PEACETIME AND IN WAR, EARNING 38 CONGRESSIONAL MEDALS OF HONOR. - 3 - I THINK OF HEROES LIKE CAPT. MANUEL RIVERA, WHO GREW UP IN THE SOUTH BRONX AND BECAME AN ACCOMPLISHED MARINE PILOT. ONE OF THE FIRST TO FALL IN THE AIR WAR OVER THE GULF, HE DREAMED OF BECOMING AN ASTRONAUT. AND TODAY HE HAS TAKEN HIS PLACE IN THE STARS, SO THAT WE MIGHT FIND A BETTER WAY ON EARTH. THE COALITION TRIUMPH IN THE GULF SERVES TO REMIND US HOW MUCH THE WORLD CONTINUES TO LOOK TO THE UNITED STATES FOR LEADERSHIP. - 4 - IT REMINDED US ALSO THAT WE ARE A GREAT NATION, CAPABLE OF GREAT THINGS AT HOME AND ABROAD. As I SAID IN MY ADDRESS TO THE JOINT SESSION, THE REAL WAY TO HONOR THE SACRIFICE OF OUR TROOPS IS TO ROLL UP OUR SLEEVES AND WORK TOGETHER WITH CONGRESS -- TO HELP BUILD A BETTER AMERICA, A BETTER WORLD, AND A BETTER TOMORROW. III WE'VE GATHERED HERE TODAY TO SEIZE AN HISTORIC OPPORTUNITY TO DO JUST THAT. - 5 - EARLIER THIS MONTH, I SENT CONGRESS OUR REQUEST FOR AN EXTENSION OF THE "FAST TRACK" PROCEDURES FOR IMPLEMENTING NEW TRADE AGREEMENTS. IT'S A SIMPLE CONCEPT. FOR THE BETTER PART OF THIS CENTURY, THIS NATION HAS RECOGNIZED THAT TRADE AGREEMENTS REQUIRE A SPECIAL KIND OF COOPERATION BETWEEN CONGRESS AND THE EXECUTIVE OFFICE. THROUGH FAST TRACK AUTHORITY, CONGRESS MADE SURE THE PRESIDENT WENT To THE TABLE EQUIPPED WITH THE SAME BARGAINING POWER AS HIS COUNTERPARTS: - 6 - THE ABILITY TO ENSURE THAT AN AGREEMENT REACHED OVERSEAS WOULD BE THE AGREEMENT VOTED UPON AT HOME. MANY OF YOU KNOW WHAT IT'S LIKE TO RUN A BUSINESS. AND YOU UNDERSTAND HOW CRITICAL IT IS TO HAVE THE SIMPLE AUTHORITY TO REACH ACROSS THE TABLE AND SHAKE HANDS ON A DEAL. No ONE'S ASKING FOR CARTE BLANCHE. WE STILL HAVE TO BRING THE BEST AGREEMENT POSSIBLE BACK To THE "HOME OFFICE" -- BACK TO CONGRESS FOR A VOTE. - 7 - BUT AT LEAST FAST TRACK GIVES US THE AUTHORITY TO GET THE DEAL IN WRITING -- so THAT IT CAN BE PRESENTED TO CONGRESS FOR AN UP OR DOWN VOTE. WE NEED AN EXTENSION OF "FAST TRACK" NOW -- TO PURSUE CRITICAL NEW TRADE INITIATIVES OF UNPRECEDENTED PROMISE -- LIKE THE URUGUAY ROUND, THE ENTERPRISE FOR THE AMERICAS INITIATIVE, AND THE NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT. - 8 - FAST TRACK AUTHORITY GIVES US THE CHANCE TO NEGOTIATE AGREEMENTS THAT HELP EVERYONE CONCERNED. AND AS WITH EVERY GOOD BUSINESS DEAL -- EVERYBODY WINS. A VOTE AGAINST EXTENSION OF FAST TRACK AUTHORITY WOULD CUT OFF THE CHANCE TO NEGOTIATE ANY NEW AGREEMENTS. SIMPLY PUT, A VOTE AGAINST FAST TRACK IS A VOTE AGAINST TRADE -- AGAINST OURSELVES AND OUR NEIGHBORS. IF WE DO NOT MOVE FORWARD A FAST TRACK -- WE WILL FACE A DEAD END. III - 9 - IN ORDER TO SUSTAIN THE EXPANSION OF EXPORTS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH, WE MUST CONTINUE OUR EFFORTS TO OPEN WORLD MARKETS. AMBASSADOR HILLS IS WORKING HARD TO ACHIEVE SUCCESS IN THE URUGUAY ROUND -- To OPEN MARKETS TO U.S. GOODS AND SERVICES WORLDWIDE. THE FREE TRADE TALKS WITH MEXICO AND CANADA AND OUR ENTERPRISE FOR THE AMERICAS INITIATIVE ARE DESIGNED TO STRENGTHEN U.S. TIES WITH OUR NEIGHBORS TO THE SOUTH. - 10 - RELATIONS BETWEEN THE U.S. AND MEXICO HAVE NEVER BEEN BETTER. MEXICO'S BOLD PRESIDENT CARLOS SALINAS HAS REFORMED HIS ECONOMY DRAMATICALLY -- ALMOST MIRACULOUSLY. HE HAS EXTENDED THE HAND OF FRIENDSHIP TO THE UNITED STATES. I PLEDGE To YOU TODAY THAT I WILL DO MY PART TO BUILD ON THIS FRIENDSHIP, AND WORK TO CREATE AN EVEN CLOSER PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN NATIONS. FAIR AND FREE TRADE BETWEEN OUR COUNTRIES WILL HELP MEXICO. IN MY VIEW, THESE IMPORTANT STEPS ALSO SERVE OUR OWN BEST INTERESTS. - 11 - OUR TIES WITH WITH MEXICO GO BEYOND THE BOUNDS OF COMMERCE. WE SHARE CULTURES, HERITAGES -- FAMILIES. MILLIONS OF AMERICANS TRACE THEIR ROOTS TO LATIN AMERICA. THE GENIUS AND VITALITY OF LATIN CULTURE HAVE ADDED NEW SPARKLE TO OUR LIVES, OUR CULTURE, OUR GREAT COUNTRY. WE WANT TO DO OUR BEST TO CONTINUE CULTIVATING THAT GENIUS AND VITALITY. AND HERE, HISPANIC BUSINESSMEN AND WOMEN ARE A CRITICAL AMERICAN RESOURCE. - 12 - You HAVE BEEN AT THE FOREFRONT OF OUR TRADE WITH LATIN AMERICA. You SPEAK THE LANGUAGE AND UNDERSTAND THE CULTURE. YOUR DETERMINATION, INGENUITY AND VISION HAVE DRIVEN YOU TO CREATE BUSINESSES THAT FUEL OUR ECONOMY AND ENRICH OUR LIVES. THAT'S WHY WE NEED YOUR LEADERSHIP. WE NEED YOUR SUPPORT IN URGING THE CONGRESS TO BACK FAST TRACK -- TO CLEAR THE WAY FOR THE URUGUAY ROUND, THE ENTERPRISE FOR THE AMERICAS INITIATIVE, AND THE NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT. - 13 - A NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AREA WOULD UNITE 360 MILLION CONSUMERS, AND A TOTAL OUTPUT OF SIX TRILLION DOLLARS. BY BOOSTING ECONOMIC PROSPERITY IN MEXICO, CANADA, AND THE U.S., IT WILL HELP US MOVE FORWARD ON THE ISSUES THAT CONCERN US ALL -- ISSUES SUCH AS DRUGS, EDUCATION, IMMIGRATION, AND THE ENVIRONMENT. - 14 - TAKE THE ENVIRONMENT AS JUST ONE EXAMPLE: COUNTRY BY COUNTRY, AROUND THE WORLD, THE PEOPLE OF THE MORE DEVELOPED NATIONS ENJOY CLEANER RIVERS, PURER AIR, BETTER HEALTH, AND LONGER LIVES THAN THEIR LESS DEVELOPED COUNTERPARTS. DEVELOPMENT AND PROSPERITY MEAN LESS POLLUTION, NOT MORE. III IN THIS WAY, THE GOOD YOU DO TODAY CAN MEAN GOOD NEWS NOT ONLY FOR THE PEOPLE OF YOUR HOMETOWNS -- BUT ALSO FOR THE PEOPLE OF YOUR HOMELANDS. EVERYBODY WINS. - 15 - EVERY NATION HAS MUCH TO GAIN FROM A NEW ERA OF OPEN DOORS, OPEN MINDS, AND OPEN TRADE: A FUTURE OF SUSTAINED ECONOMIC GROWTH. LASTING REGIONAL STABILITY. LOWER PRICES AND GREATER CHOICES FOR CONSUMERS. MORE JOBS. AND AN IMPROVED STANDARD OF LIVING FOR OUR PEOPLE AND OUR NEIGHBORS. TODAY IS AN AUSPICIOUS DAY TO LAUNCH THIS EFFORT. FOR TODAY IN CALIFORNIA, THE SWALLOWS RETURN TO MISSION SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO. - 16 - IT IS A HARBINGER OF SPRING -- A TIME OF CHANGE, NEW GROWTH, NEW BEGINNINGS. AND ACROSS THE CONTINENT FROM THE YUKON TO THE YUCATAN -- YOU CAN BE PART OF A NEW VISION FOR THE NEW WORLD: A COMMUNITY OF NATIONS, PROSPEROUS AND FREE -- THE CORNERSTONE OF THE WORLD'S FIRST FULLY DEMOCRATIC HEMISPHERE. YES, MANY CHALLENGES REMAIN. BUT YOU CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE. You CAN ENCOURAGE SUPPORT FOR THESE BOLD INITIATIVES. - 17 - You CAN ENCOURAGE CONGRESS TO ACT TO PROVIDE NEW MARKETS, MORE JOBS, AND NEW BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES FOR ALL AMERICANS. THE BUSES ARE OUTSIDE. IT'S TIME TO JUMP-START THIS EFFORT. IT'S TIME TO CHARGE UP THE HILL, STRIKE DOWN THE BARRIERS, AND OPEN UP TRADE. LET'S TELL CONGRESS IT'S TIME TO SHARE THE AMERICAN DREAM -- AND MAKE IT THE DREAM OF ALL THE AMERICAS. LET'S TELL CONGRESS WE NEED FAST TRACK NOW! III - 18 - THANK YOU. GOD BLESS YOU AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. # # # DII .M54 WHRC THE ALMANAC OF DATES EVENTS OF THE PAST FOR ALMANAC OF DATES EVERY DAY OF THE YEAR Events of the Past for Every Day LINDA MILLGATE of the Year HBI Harcourt Brace Jovanovich New York and London 1858 Rudolf Diesel, engine inventor, born 1452 Frederick 1861 Neville Chamberlain, English statesman, born 1870 Lake Meritt (Oakland, California) became the 1603 John IV, first U.S. National Wildlife Refuge 1649 House of 1896 The Founders and Patriots of America incor- porated 1687 Robert Ca 1911 All persons over 21 empowered to vote in Portugal Roosevelt Dam in Arizona opened 1721 Pope Clen 1913 King George I of Greece assassinated 1734 Thomas Mc 1915 British battleships Irresistible and Ocean were torpedoed in the 1793 Royalists Dardanelles 1920 Danzig adopted its national flag 1813 David Liv 1921 1,000 lost when Hong Kong hit a rock near Swatow, China 1821 Sir Rich: 1925 Married Danish women granted legal equality 1823 Augustin with their husbands 1926 Women allowed to practice law in Turkey 1835 James E. 1932 Chauncey Olcott, author of "My Wild Irish 1859 Faust op Rose," died 1860 William 1937 New London, Texas school explosion killed 294 1864 Charles 1938 Mexico nationalized its oil industry 1882 Gaston L 1949 North Atlantic Defense Pact (NATO) adopted 1883 "Vinegar 1953 Northwest Turkey was rocked by an earthquake 1891 Georges 1956 Louis Bromfield, novelist, died Earl War 1959 Hawaii admitted into the United States 1962 Truce ended Moslem revolt against the French 1902 Foaud Ch in Algeria 1915 Austrian 1965 Boatload of Indian pilgrims sank in a storm in Gobindseger Lake, India 1918 Daylight Russia launched Voskhod II and had the first space walk 1920 U.S. Ser Farouk, deposed King of Egypt, died 1973 Purim 1924 Japanes 1951, 2035 Palm Sunday 1925 New Mex U.S. Pa March 19th St. Joseph's Day (patron of carpenters, 1928 Charles wheelwrights, and combatants against Communism) 1932 Mt. McK Swallows return to Capistrano (California) Ancient Romans rededicated Minerva's temple 1944 Lynda B 235 AD Maximinus proclaimed Emperor by the Roman army 387 Good Friday in France 1945 U.S. ai 624 Mohammed proclaimed the "Day of Deliverance" 1148 The 2nd Crusade reached Antioch 1950 Edgar I 1227 Ugolini Conti elected Pope Gregory IX 1951 Willow 1307 Douglas Castle, Scotland, while held by the 1967 Rio de English, was destroyed by Black Douglas, the owner r, born 1452 Frederick III became the last Holy Roman statesman, born emperor crowned in Rome ia) became the 1603 John IV, "the Fortunate," King of Portugal, al Wildlife born 1649 House of Lords abolished in England merica incor- (Reformation) 1687 Robert Cavalier, Sieur de LaSalle, explorer of to vote in the Ohio and Missippi valleys, shot to death d 1721 Pope Clement XI died inated 1734 Thomas McKean, signer of the Declaration of le and Ocean Independence, born the 1793 Royalists outlawed in France by the French Convention ag 1813 David Livingstone, African missionary- a rock near explorer, born 1821 Sir Richard Burton, explorer, born egal equality 1823 Augustin de Iturbide, Emperor of Mexico, is abdicated in Turkey 1835 James E. Scripps, newspaper publisher, born Wild Irish 1859 Faust opera first produced (Paris 1860 William Jennings Bryan, author-statesman, born ;ion killed 294 1864 Charles M. Russell, artist, born lustry 1882 Gaston Lachaise, French sculptor, born TO) adopted 1883 "Vinegar Joe" Stillwell, Army officer, born an earthquake 1891 Georges Seurat, French artist, died Earl Warren, California governor and Supreme States Court Justice, born st the French 1902 Foaud Chehab, President of Lebanon, born 1915 Austrian stronghold of Przemysl temporarily k in a storm in fell to Russia India 1918 Daylight Savings Time first used in New York had the first City 1920 U.S. Senate again rejected Versailles peace died treaty 1924 Japanese submarine number 43 involved in a collision off Sasebo 1925 New Mexico state flag adopted U.S. Patent Office transferred to the Depart- ment of Commerce from the Department of the Interior enters, 1928 Charles Lindbergh received the Woodrow Wilson combatants Foundation Peace Award 1932 Mt. McKinley National Park enlarged to include :alifornia) almost 2 million acres of Alaska va's temple 1944 Lynda Bird Johnson (Robb), daughter of the the Roman army President, born 1945 U.S. aircraft carrier Franklin damaged, but Deliverance" made it into port 1950 Edgar Rice Burroughs, creator of "Tarzan," died ry IX 1951 Willow Goldfinch became Washington's state bird held by the 1967 Rio de Janeiro struck by floods yed by Black 1969 Islamic New Year (1389) March 21st 1967, 1978, 1989, 2046, 2062, 2073, 2084 Palm Sunday Farm March 20th Bird Feas 43 BC Ovid, Roman poet, born 71 AD Solar eclipse 526 Antioch, Syria, rocked by an earthquake Feas 580 St. Martin of Braga died (Feast Day) Feas 687 St. Cuthbert died (Feast Day) 5507 BC The St. Herbert died (Feast Day) 47 Caes 1239 Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, excommunicated again 387 AD East 1393 St. John of Nepomuk died 1146 Bern 1413 King Henry IV of England died 1565 Contract made by King Philip of Spain for settlement of Florida 1152 Marr 1602 Dutch East India Company chartered 1619 Mathias, Holy Roman Emperor, died 1241 Vald 1697 Peter "the Great," Czar of Russia, began his 1282 Star European tour 1727 Sir Isaac Newton, observer of gravity, died 1487 St. 1810 John McClosky, first U.S. Cardinal, born 1556 Arch Napoleon's only son, King of Rome, born 1815 Napoleon's "100 Days" return began 1820 Edward Judson, dime novelist as Ned Buntline, 1685 Joha born 1800 Barr 1828 Henrik Ibsen, Norwegian writer, born 1814 Aust 1848 Louis I, King of Bavaria, abdicated 1852 Uncle Tom's Cabin first published (in two 1857 Will volumes) 1866 Firs 1861 Mendoza, Argentina, destroyed by an earthquake and fire 1871 Heni 1882 Dr. Urho Kekkonen, President of Finland, born 1880 Hans 1883 International patent-protection convention 1895 Isma signed 1898 U.S. 1890 General Federation of Women's Clubs organized Lauritz Melchior, opera singer, born 1903 Mar} 1898 "Open Door Policy" of trade with China began 1905 Phy: 1901 "Open Door Policy" announced in the U.S. 1906 John 1908 Sir Michael Redgrave, English actor, born 1910 Gree 1919 Sankey Commission on British coalmining 1918 Bat presented an interim report 1919 Com 1927 Mrs. Snyder and her corset-salesman lover murdered Mr. Snyder Fri 1954 Samuel Shellabarger, author, died 1961 Republic of Togo adopted a U.S.-style 1921 Pol. constitution 1929 Ola 1970 Natosat communications satellite launched Tunisian Independence Day 1959 Onl 1910, 1921, 1932, 2005, 2016 Palm Sunday Hesponic Businessmry M.K.S "fast tack" speed last meek - does she have a contact? ? USTR Olin Wethington Stene Ferrare shive Naile Calio Peggy- \ 3/19/91 - East Rm. THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON Date: 3/12/91 TO: PEGGY DOOLEY FROM: OLIN L. WETHINGTON THE ATTACHED TESTIMONY OF CARLA HILLS MAY HELP YOU FRAME THE PRESIDENT'S REMARKS FOR THE HISPANIC EVENT NEXT WEEK. TESTIMONY OF AMBASSADOR CARLA A. HILLS UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS UNITED STATES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES MARCH 12, 1991 Introduction Thank you, Mr. Chairman, for the invitation to testify about the President's request to extend fast track procedures. Fast track is crucial to United States leadership in the global economy. The procedure enables us together to pursue and implement United States trade policy, a policy which has been developed and implemented in a close working partnership with Congress and the private sector. Overview of Fast Track still, there is a widespread misunderstanding about what fast track is and what it isn't; about its origins and its application today. For more than 50 years, Congress and the Executive Branch have worked together in close coordination and consultation to negotiate and implement trade agreements. In the aftermath of the disastrous Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930 and the Great Depression it helped fuel, your predecessors and mine realized that we, the Legislative and Executive Branches, must work together to craft a national trade policy that opens markets and promotes U.S. exports. That meant institutionalizing a system of trust and partnership which was first reflected in the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act of 1934. Congress delegated to the President the power to negotiate tariff-cutting agreements with other nations and to implement them by proclamation without the need for subsequent legislation. In the years after its enactment, the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act proved a great success. Congress's action in passing the 1934 Act can be credited with helping make possible the extraordinary economic growth after World War II, both in the United States and around the world. Our partnership in developing and implementing U.S. trade policy evolved in later years as trading nations began to rely less on tariffs to protect their markets and more on non-tariff 2 trade barriers. Consequently, the scope of trade negotiations, was broadened to include new areas previously uncovered by international rules. The fast track procedures were created by Congress as the necessary complement to this broader trade agenda. Fast track procedures for approval of trade agreements were included by Congress in trade legislation in 1974, 1979, and again in the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988. While giving Congress the assurance of meaningful participation throughout the negotiating process, fast track also provides two guarantees essential to the successful negotiation of trade agreements: First, a vote on implementing legislation within a fixed period of time; and, second, no amendments to that legislation. These procedures reflect an understanding that trade agreements, in which results in one area are often linked to results in others, are particularly vulnerable to multiple amendments that, while possibly small in themselves, could unravel entire agreements. Whether the balance of benefits contained in any trade agreement is in the overall interest of the United States can only be determined by looking at the whole package. Through the fast track, Congress has given the President the same bargaining power possessed by his counterparts: The ability to ensure that the agreement reached internationally would be the agreement voted on at home. Without that assurance, foreign governments are reluctant to negotiate with the United States and will not make the tough concessions necessary to reach agreements the United States would be willing to sign. No negotiating partner will give its bottom line knowing that the bargain could be re-opened. The United States has much to gain through trade agreements that open markets and provide rules for free and fair trade. Maintaining the fast track will preserve our ability to continue efforts to liberalize trade and open markets through the GATT, through other multilateral agreements, and through bilateral agreements. Myths of Fast Track At this point, let me take a few moments to dispel two myths about fast track: Fast track procedures are not a "track," in this sense: No one is being railroaded; and they are not "fast," in this sense: The process is actually quite deliberate and relatively slow. 3 Fast track procedures have absolutely nothing to do with the pace at which we conduct negotiations. Let me reiterate an assurance that I have given before to this Committee, in both words and action: We will not rush to conclude any agreement, merely for the sake of any agreement. We proved that in Brussels and our high standards have not changed. While we are anxious to secure as soon as possible the benefits that trade agreements promise, we will take whatever time is needed to arrive at agreements that are truly in the economic interest of the United States. We will take whatever time is needed to consider all relevant issues in a negotiation and to consult fully with you and the private sector. Until we arrive at good agreements -- ones that we believe you will agree are good -- there simply will be no agreements. Your vote to approve fast track extension does not mean that whatever the Administration negotiates afterward is automatically, or even rapidly, approved. Fast track procedures preserve Congress's role during the negotiation, approval, and implementation of trade agreements. The fast track statute includes extensive notification and consultation requirements with both Congress and the private sector throughout the process. Each step of the way, this Administration will continue its close consultation with Congress and the private sector. For example, we started formal and informal consultations with Congress on an FTA with Mexico almost a year ago, well before our formal notification of negotiations. We have been talking to a range of Committees and members about their objectives and advice, and will continue to do so once negotiations commence. Once an agreement is reached, Congress and the Administration work in close consultation to formulate implementing legislation. The process has been open to all committees of jurisdiction. If the agreement and its implementing legislation are still not acceptable, they can be rejected by majority vote of either house. As a result of the extensive consultations with Congress and the private sector throughout the process of negotiation, the agreements that have been implemented under fast track procedures have passed both houses of Congress by overwhelming majorities. Economic Reasons for Extending Fast Track Having explained what fast track is and what it isn't, I'd like to turn now to the great benefits to our economy, our consumers, and our workers that it can help make possible. Opening markets and expanding trade is at the top of the President's agenda. 4 As 1991 begins, international trade is more important than ever to the United States. Our economy has enjoyed six years of record expansion. The engine of this expansion was U.S. exports. Over the past three years, exports of goods and services contributed more than 50 percent of the growth of GNP. And while exports expanded at a rate of 16 percent from 1987 through 1990, imports grew less than half as fast. The U.S. economy now has entered a temporary recession. But the vitality of U.S. trade has not been interrupted. As the President said in his State of the Union Address, "Exports are running solid and strong." In 1990, the rate of growth of U.S. exports was twice as fast as the rise in imports. The nearly 8.5 percent growth in exports generated 88 percent of our total economic growth last year. This is because the global economy remains strong and U.S. goods are in great demand around the world. The flow of U.S. goods must be maintained and expanded lest exports -- our vital engine of growth -- sputter or stall. More than ever, we need the billions of dollars a year of economic stimulus that greater access to foreign markets could provide. As Dr. Michael Boskin, chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers, said last week: "Fast track is integral to a strategy of American economic growth and success." Opening markets and expanding trade also will enhance the economic growth of poorer nations, including the emerging democracies of Eastern Europe and Latin America. Such growth not only promotes political stability, but will also make those countries much better customers for U.S. products. On the other hand, without the impetus of a more open trading system, these nations will be drained by the massive costs of protections now imposed on them -- costs that now total two-and-a-half times all the aid they receive from industrialized countries. Fortunately, we find ourselves at this critical time with more opportunities than ever to open markets and expand trade. It was precisely to take advantage of such opportunities that Congress contemplated in the 1988 Trade Act a two-year extension of the fast track procedures that would otherwise have expired in June of this year. Fast Track is Crucial to Concluding a Successful Uruguay Round 5 Our top priority is to complete an ambitious agreement in the Uruguay Round of global trade talks and so strengthen and broaden the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, or GATT. The GATT is without doubt the world's most important trade agreement. Indeed, it is the Constitution of World Trade. Under GATT sponsorship, the world's trading nations have held seven successful rounds of negotiations since World War II in which tariff rates were slashed by more than 75 percent. As a result, trade exploded from just $60 billion in 1950 to nudge the $4 trillion mark this year. This enormous expansion in global commerce has fueled a spectacular surge of the world and U.S. economies. Both have grown faster in the last 40 years than in any four decades of world history. Consequently, we have enjoyed unparalleled global prosperity. The GATT has opened new markets for business, increased choices and lowered prices for consumers, and led to higher incomes and more jobs for workers. But just as a thriving family outgrows its first house, so too has the family of 100 nations, who make up the GATT and account for 85 percent of world trade, outgrown the rules that have served us so well for so long. Today, a third of world trade -- more than $1 trillion of international commerce a year -- is not adequately covered by internationally agreed rules. Areas inadequately covered by GATT rules, like agriculture, or not covered at all like services, investment, and intellectual property have taken on an enormous importance in global trade generally and to the United States in particular. The United States led the call for the far-reaching agenda of issues in the Uruguay Round. Congress and the private sector supported this effort. Congress laid out the negotiating objectives for the Uruguay Round in the 1988 Trade Act. Several members of this Committee, and your staffs, saw first hand the situation in Brussels last December. Rather than conceding our goal of an ambitious agreement, together we agreed that no agreement was far better than a hastily negotiated face- saving solution. After a three-month suspension, the countries that brought the talks to a halt returned to the table with a new-found willingness to negotiate specific commitments in the critical area of agricultural trade reform. As you know, this area is the T 6 linchpin of the Round; without real reform, many of the countries participating in the talks are not willing to negotiate in many of the Round's other important areas. The prospects for a successful conclusion are better now, but we have tough negotiating ahead. We will continue to work with you to bring these talks to fruition. When we do, the benefits the Uruguay Round could bring to America will be enormous: Lower tariff and non-tariff barriers to manufactured products and other goods could increase world output by $5 trillion, and U.S. output by more than $1 trillion over the next 10 years, meaning an additional $16,000 for every American family of four; Rules to protect the intellectual property of America's entrepreneurs, ending the $60 billion lost each year through theft and counterfeiting; New markets for U.S. service firms, which today export $115 billion annually and create 9-out-of-10 of our new jobs; Broader market opportunities for international investment, creating expanded opportunities in a sector that already helps generate more than $240 billion of U.S. exports, or two-thirds of total U.S. exports in goods; Fair competition and open markets for U.S. farmers, who lead the world with more than $40 billion in annual exports; Full participation of developing countries in our global trading system, which could increase U.S. exports 50 percent, or $200 billion, by the year 2000; And, strengthened rules on dispute settlement, antidumping, subsidies, and trade remedy provisions, that should provide predictability and certainty in access to foreign markets and ensure fair trade at home. The fact is that a failure to extend fast track authority will effectively end the Uruguay Round negotiations. It will damage prospects for world economic growth and cooperation. A 7 collapse of the Round brought about by the removal of fast track would increase worldwide pressures to raise trade and investment barriers. And, of course, the unraveling of the international trading system would deny U.S. consumers and workers the enormous benefits of open markets. Fast Track is Essential to Negotiate a North American FTA We continue to press for open markets in every forum available to us. A North American Free Trade Agreement more closely linking the economies of the United States, Mexico, and Canada can be a potent force for regional prosperity. We expect these discussions to lead to market opening agreements that will create new and improved opportunities for U.S. exports across the entire spectrum of American industry. The United States is Mexico's principal trading partner; Mexico is our third largest customer. Canada is our largest trading partner. Linking our complementary economies through free trade can only strengthen these economic bonds and increase regional political stability. Ultimately, the creation of a North American Free Trade Area will create the largest, richest market in the world with 360 million consumers and $6 trillion annual output. A North American Free Trade Agreement also will support our broader aim of open markets and expanded trade globally, for other countries will have an enormous incentive to seek open markets with us. It also can serve as a starting point for the pursuit of a hemispheric free trade area -- the long-term objective of the Enterprise for the Americas Initiative. Despite these benefits, some critics claim that an FTA will be a "one-way street" with inexpensive. Mexican goods flowing into the United States and few of ours going the other way. The evidence disproves this notion. Since 1986, when Mexico joined the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, U.S. exports to Mexico have more than doubled rising from $12.4 billion to an annualized rate of $28.4 billion in 1990. The doubling of U.S. exports created 320,000 U.S. jobs. Each additional $1 billion of U.S. exports will mean more than 20,000 new U.S. jobs. All sectors of the U.S. economy have benefited from this market opening: exports of automobiles and auto parts have quadrupled; exports of corn have tripled; and exports of telecommunications equipment have doubled. Exports of iron and steel, that were running a $12 million deficit four years ago, 8 now are tallying a $300 million surplus. Just four years ago, we had a $91 million deficit in textiles and apparel trade with Mexico. Today, we are running a surplus. A free trade agreement would not only lock in these gains, but also spread them throughout the U.S. economy. There is also a fear that a free trade agreement will export U.S. jobs to Mexico. But again, the experience of the last decade disproves this speculation. During the 1980s, U.S. firms set up factories in Mexico at a record pace under the maquiladora program. As a result, more than 100,000 jobs were created on the U.S. side of the border to support those facilities. A good example is Deltec, a San Diego electronics manufacturer. Since it started a maquiladora five years ago, its sales have quadrupled and its workforce has tripled with employment in San Diego rising by 50 percent. Many of its San Diego workers were retrained to fill higher- skill and higher-paying jobs. Deltec's added business also generated new jobs in and around San Diego as its spending for raw materials and services there grew four-and-a-half times. Indeed, the availability of Mexico as a factory site is saving U.S. jobs. Kendall Co., a Massachusetts-based medical equipment maker, says that were it not for the maquiladora program its 3,000 U.S.-based jobs would be jeopardized. Other companies that would have been forced to relocate operations offshore to remain competitive instead are setting up operations in Mexico. While the benefits of an FTA are apparent, the Administration recognizes that some groups worry about the consequences of increased competition from Mexico. We are sensitive to these concerns and want to work with Congress and the private sector to ensure that our, negotiating objectives take these concerns into account. In this regard, nothing we negotiate will be implemented overnight. We know that business, labor, and farmers on both sides of the border will need time to adjust. We will ensure that any agreement be phased in over time and provide an effective mechanism to protect against import surges. In the end, we will have a new economic regime that will benefit all. Progress in the trade area also will support and reinforce progress in our broader bilateral agenda with Mexico. Long before there was any talk about an FTA with Mexico or a North American FTA, the United States and Mexico were discussing and 9 acting upon a broad bilateral agenda extending far beyond trade. Our countries share a common goal of an improved way of life, both economically and socially, for our people. Agencies such as the EPA and the Departments of State, Justice, and Labor, have been working in their area of expertise to promote our broader bilateral agenda. We have worked with Mexico to support and enhance its own efforts to address pressing social needs. Progress in North American free trade negotiations would assist efforts on our broader agenda. But let me be clear: Rejection of fast track could only hinder our efforts in all areas. The goal of United States trade policy is to open markets and expand trade for U.S. goods throughout the world and so provide a powerful stimulus for economic growth. A North American Free Trade Agreement will do just that and create on the North American continent a new era of opportunity and prosperity. Conclusion Let me emphasize again, supporting fast track will allow these important initiatives to go forward without in any way detracting from Congress's ability to assess each agreement on its merits when presented for approval. We have much to gain from extending fast track: an era of extraordinary economic growth, geopolitical stability, lower prices and greater choices for consumers, more jobs for workers, and a better standard of living for our people. We have all this to lose, and more: after the enormous international respect and goodwill we have gained from our role in the liberation of Kuwait, to deny the President the ability to negotiate trade agreements would be a severe set back. For the United States, the world's biggest market, its largest exporter, the leader of the free world, not even to be a real participant at the bargaining table would be an abdication of responsibility to the world trading system, the U.S. economy, and, above all, to the American people. Congress and the Executive Branch must continue to work together. Fast track will facilitate that partnership. # # # Hispanic Business Magazine's Q&A's for the President Question Number 11 SUGGESTED RESPONSE: The free trade talks with Mexico and Canada and the Enterprise for the Americas Initiative are part of our strategy for expanding U.S. trade, economic, and business ties with Latin America. This is in the U.S. economic interest. It is in their interest as well. Last year, in my conversations with Latin American leaders, they repeatedly emphasized the importance of a continued U.S. presence in the region. There was concerned that Latin America would be overlooked in the excitement over Eastern Europe. It is important to appreciate that, in their own way, the recent changes in Latin America are just as significant and exciting as the revolutions in Eastern Europe. After a decade of economic stagnation, Latin American governments have embarked on a new approach. They are attempting to reverse the failed statist economic policies that contributed to the region's problems. They are privatizing state-owned industries, balancing their budgets, and reversing decades of protectionism and state control. Mexico, under Presidents Salinas and De la Madrid, has led the way. Other Latin nations, including Argentina and Chile, are taking the same approach. The United States has a huge stake in Latin America. We have an interest in promoting regional economic growth and political stability. But our relationship goes well beyond that. We have bonds of culture, heritage, and family that transcend economics or politics. Many Americans emigrated from the region. They have brought the vitality of Latin culture to the United States as their special contribution to our country. I want to tap that vitality. Before the debt crisis, Latin America was a key market for U.S. trade. It remains a natural market for American goods, services, and investment. If you have visited Miami or Texas, you can see the potential for two-way trade and the benefits that it can bring. Just think of how that trade could grow if Latin America could overcome its economic problems and begin a new decade of growth and prosperity! And in this regard, Hispanic businessmen and women are an important American resource. Hispanic businesses have been at the forefront of our trade with Mexico, the Caribbean, and Latin America. You speak the language and understand the -2- culture. We need your leadership in pioneering new markets and discovering new opportunities for two-way trade and investment in the Americas. There are many challenges ahead. This year, our priority is negotiating a North American free trade agreement that removes barriers to trade and investment between the United States, Mexico, and Canada. Over the next decade, we can expand the North American free trade zone by bringing in countries from Latin America. We need support from the Congress, including an extension of the fast-track authority for implementing these free trade agreements. But I am confident we will succeed. PAGE. 001 MAR 4 '91 13:54 FROM DEC FACSIMILE COVER SHEET THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE 91 FEB I P | : 58 Office of General Counsel Executive Office of the President Washington, D.C. 20506 4 MArch Date 6 Number of Pages Excluding Cover 395 Time Sent 3639 TO: NAME: AGENCY: PHONE #: FAX #: Mary Kate Grant WH 456-6218 FROM: Daniel M. Price, Deputy General Counsel PHONE: 202-395-6800 FAX #: (202)395-3213 3639 CONTACT: If any Problems Call 395-3432 SUBJECT: Fast Track Materials COMMENTS: Pls call me of l can helpful. I'd be happy to Feview the Thanks Dan MAR 4 '91 13:54 FROM DEC PAGE 002 THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON March 1, 1991 Dear Tom: Today I sent to the Congress my request for an extension of the fast track procedures for the implementation of trade agreements, along with my report supporting that request. I am also writing to each Member of Congress to underscore the importance I attach to that request and to urge your support. Events in the Gulf show how much the world continues to look to the United States for leadership. Continuation of fast track procedures is crucial to U.S. leadership in the global economy. Our trade policy is to open markets worldwide for U.S. goods and services. Indeed, our economic growth is hinged to the success of these market-opening initiatives. Over the last three years, export expansion accounted for 57 percent of our GNP growth. But without the certainty the fast track guarantees -- an up-or-down vote on implementing legislation within a limited time -- we cannot complete or even negotiate trade agreements to sustain such growth. When Congress reenacted the fast track procedures in the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988, it anticipated that an extension beyond the upcoming expiration might be needed and important. We do need an extension of these fast track procedures to pursue important initiatives such as the completion of the Uruguay Round negotiations, the negotiation of a North American Free Trade Agreement, and the pursuit of our trade objectives in the Enterprise for the Americas Initiative. MAR 4 '91 13:55 FROM DEC PAGE. 003 3 I know that some may have concerns about these initiatives. But your support now for continuation of fast track procedures does not commit you in advance to endorse any particular agreement. Moreover, the fast track procedure is a partnership, and my Administration will do its part to make that partnership work. Fast track procedures call for, and I am committed to, close consultations to ensure that the negotiations are deliberate and that, ultimately, we achieve agreements in which we can all take pride. However, a vote against extending these procedures now deprives us of the prospect of negotiating any agreements. I am asking for your support for our continued efforts to liberalize trade and open markets. No country stands to gain more from an open global economy than the United States. We are today engaged in trade initiatives that hold unprecedented promise for the advancement of our economic interests. With such important initiatives in the balance, we need more than ever to maintain U.S. leadership and the Legislative-Executive partnership that has endured for years. Sincerely, GBuil The Honorable Thomas S. Foley Speaker of the House of Representatives Washington, D.C. 20515 MAR 4 '91 13:55 FROM DEC PAGE. 004 FAST TRACK PROCEDURES HISTORICAL BACKGROUND TO THE FAST TRACK For the better part of this century, Congress and the Executive have recognized that the negotiation and implementation of trade agreements require special cooperation. In the aftermath of the record-high rates of the Smoot- Hawley Tariff Act of 1930 and the Depression they helped fuel, both Congress and the Executive recognized that only by working closely together could the two branches effectively bring down barriers to our foreign trade and open international markets for U.S. products and services. This new partnership was reflected in the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act of 1934 which gave the President authority not only to conclude tariff-cutting agreements but also to implement them without the need for subsequent legislation. As countries began to rely less on tariff protection and more on non-tariff trade barriers, the scope of trade negotiations broadened, and the "fast track" procedures were created by Congress as the necessary complement to this broader trade agenda. Fast track procedures for approval of trade agreements were included by Congress in trade legislation in 1974, 1979 and again in the 1988 Trade Act. FAST TRACK IS ESSENTIAL TO SUCCESSFUL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS While assuring Congress meaningful participation throughout the negotiation process, fast track provides two guarantees essential to the successful negotiation of trade agreements: (1) a vote on implementing legislation within a fixed period of time, and (2) no amendments to that legislation. These procedures reflect the understanding that trade agreements, in which results in one area are often linked to results in others, are particularly vulnerable to multiple amendments which, while possibly small in themselves, could unravel entire agreements. Whether the balance of benefits contained in any trade agreement is in the overall interest of the United States can only be determined by looking at the whole package. MAR 4 '91 13:55 FROM DEC PAGE. . 005 2 Through the fast track, Congress gave the President the same bargaining power possessed by his counterparts: the ability to ensure that the agreement reached internationally would be the agreement voted on at home. Without fast track, the President cannot assure our negotiating partners that the deal they strike is the deal that will be voted on by Congress. Without that assurance, foreign governments are reluctant to negotiate with the U.S. and will not make the tough concessions necessary to reach agreements the U.S. would be willing to sign. No trading partner will give its bottom line knowing that the bargain could be re-opened. Using fast track, the United States has negotiated and implemented three remarkable agreements which were each approved by an overwhelming majority in both houses of Congress. These agreements -- the results of the Tokyo Round in 1979, the FTA with Israel in 1985, and the FTA with Canada in 1988 -- have reduced barriers to trade and contributed to growth in the United States and worldwide. The United States has much to gain from trade agreements that open markets and provide rules for free and fair trade. Maintaining the fast track will preserve our ability to continue our efforts to liberalize trade and open markets through the GATT, through other multilateral agreements and through bilateral agreements. CONGRESS IS AN ESSENTIAL PART OF THE FAST TRACK PROCESS Fast track procedures preserve Congress' role during the negotiation, approval and implementation of trade agreements. To ensure congressional and private sector input, the fast track statute contains extensive notification and consultation requirements. At each step along the way, from initiation through implementation, Congress is an active partner. To use the fast track for any agreement, bilateral or multilateral, the President must notify Congress 90 calendar days before signature. By the time the President gives his 90-day notification, our many private sector advisory committees must report their views on the agreement both to Congress and the President. For bilateral agreements, Congress must be given advance notice of the negotiations; during the following 60 legislative MAR 4 '91 13:56 FROM DEC PAGE. 006 3 working days, either the Senate Finance or House Ways & Means Committee can vote to deny fast track treatment. Once an agreement is reached, Congress and the Administration work in close consultation to formulate implementing legislation. The process has involved the full participation of all committees of jurisdiction, and not only those committees traditionally consulted in setting trade negotiating objectives. If the agreement and its implementing legislation are still not acceptable, they can be rejected by majority vote of either house. We are today engaged in bilateral and multilateral trade initiatives that hold unprecedented promise for the advancement of U.S. economic objectives. With such initiatives in train, it is clearly in the national interest to continue a partnership that has proved its worth for almost sixty years. USE OF FAST TRACK IF EXTENDED In incorporating the fast track in the 1988 Trade Act, Congress expressly contemplated that an extension might be necessary and appropriate in order for the President to pursue effectively the trade policy goals set out in the law. If extended, the fast track would be available to June 1, 1993, and would be used to implement trade initiatives such as completing the Uruguay Round, negotiating a North America FTA with Mexico and Canada, and pursuing the trade objectives of the Enterprise for the Americas Initiative. Supporting fast track will allow these important initiatives to go forward without in any way detracting from Congress' ability to assess each agreement on its merits when presented for approval. A VOTE AGAINST FAST TRACK FOR ANY REASON DENIES THE FAST TRACK FOR ALL AGREEMENTS Current fast track authority would have expired on June 1 if the President had not requested an extension by March 1. The requested extension is granted automatically unless either house passes a statutorily-prescribed disapproval resolution before June 1. The language of the disapproval resolution, which is set out in the statute, makes clear that disapproval eliminates all fast track authority, multilateral and bilateral. MAR 4 '91 13:57 FROM DEC PAGE. 007 4 The disapproval resolution cannot be amended to eliminate fast track for some agreements but not others because the resolution itself cannot be amended. It is not possible, for example, to vote against the fast track for the Uruguay Round agreements but preserve it for the North American FTA. If a disapproval resolution is passed by either house, the fast track is gone for all purposes and the President's ability to successfully negotiate any trade agreement requiring congressional approval, bilateral or multilateral, is severely crippled if not eliminated entirely. Simply put, a vote against fast track is a vote against trade. CONTINUING FAST TRACK IS ESSENTIAL TO SECURING ECONOMIC GAINS As the world's largest trader, the United States has an enormous stake in the future of the global trading system. Exports have become a vital source of strength to the U.S. economy. In 1990, the nearly 8.5 percent growth in U.S. exports accounted for 88 percent of U.S. economic growth. In order to sustain the expansion of exports and consequent growth, we must continue our efforts to open world markets. We must maintain our active leadership role. Without an extension of fast track, those efforts are futile. Maintaining fast track procedures -- and the partnership between Congress and the Executive Branch which fast track represents - will keep on course our joint efforts to liberalize trade and open markets through the GATT, through other multilateral agreements, and through bilateral agreements. No country stands more to gain from those efforts than the United States. As we approach the beginning of a new century, we should not hesitate to pursue the opportunities for expanded economic growth and prosperity presented by successful trade negotiations. In order to turn those opportunities into realities, Congress and the Executive must continue to work together in the manner envisioned by the fast track. March 1, 1991 FACSIMILE COVER SHEET THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE Office of General Coufisel Executive Office of the President Washington, D.C. 20506 please Tecola 12 news CA" Date you In Number of Pages Excluding Cover whereive 4:55 Time Sent this 6800 TO: NAME: AGENCY: PHONE #: FAX #: Peggy Dooley NH 456-6218 FROM: Daniel M. Price, Deputy General Counsel PHONE: 202-395-6800 FAX #: 3639 CONTACT: If any Problems Call 395-3432 SUBJECT: raturials on Fast Track for Speech COMMENTS: P/s give me a call PAGE.001 FROM DEC 21:21 16. II RAR IMPORTANCE AND BENEFITS OF A NAFTA A NAFTA WOULD CREATE ONE OF THE WORLD'S LARGEST FREE TRADE AREAS A North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA) would create an enormous market, encompassing some 360 million consumers and total output of $6 trillion. The progressive elimination of barriers to the flow of goods, services and investment, and strengthened protection of intellectual property rights would benefit a broad spectrum of businesses, workers, farmers and consumers. Creation of a NAFTA would be a catalyst for economic growth and development in the United States, Mexico and Canada through increased trade, investment and jobs. THE IMPORTANCE OF NORTH AMERICAN TRADE Canada and Mexico are America's first and third largest trading partners, respectively. In turn, the United States accounts for over two-thirds of their total trade. In 1990, three-way trade came to about $237 billion. Since 1980, U.S. exports to Mexico and Canada have doubled, rising from $55.3 billion to $111.4 billion. Our exports to our neighbors have grown substantially faster than those to the rest of the world. REMOVAL OF BARRIERS WOULD CREATE NEW TRADE AND INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES Since Mexico joined the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1986 and started its unilateral policy of lowering trade barriers, U.S. exports have more than doubled, growing from $12.4 billion to $28.4 billion. -- U.S. agricultural exports to Mexico totalled $2.5 billion in 1990, our third largest market. I Consumer goods exports from the United States to Mexico have tripled since 1986, rising from $1 billion to $3 billion. -- U.S. exports of capital goods have grown from $5 billion in 1986 to about $9.5 billion last year. We can do better. Mexico has greater barriers to U.S. exports than we impose on Mexican shipments to the United States. For example: PAGE.002 DEC FROM E1:21 16. 11 BAW - 2 - -- Mexican tariffs average 10 percent, compared to the average tariff of 4 percent we impose on Mexican exports to us. -- Mexico still maintains a restrictive import licensing regime, one which affects 40 percent of U.S. agricultural exports to Mexico. In addition, while Mexico has liberalized its investment regime, it is still closed to many U.S. investments, both in / manufacturing and in services, and performance requirements distort export opportunities for U.S. products. Mexico has already pledged to improve its protection for intellectual property rights, and we expect action on those pledges in the near future. A NAFTA will make those reforms secure. A NAFTA OFFERS BENEFITS TO U.S. PRODUCERS, WORKERS, AND CONSUMERS o Economic analyses show that a NAFTA will have a positive impact on the U.S. economy and U.S. employment. U.S. producers and workers will benefit from a NAFTA through increased sales opportunities, improved operating efficiencies and strengthened competitiveness against competitors in Asia and Europe. U.S. consumers will enjoy increased access to lower-cost, higher quality products. A NAFTA STRENGTHENS THE BROADER NORTH AMERICAN RELATIONSHIP 0 A NAFTA would help cement the extensive historical, familial, cultural and language links the United States has with both Mexico and Canada. More customers prosperous for U.S. neighbors goods and are services. better neighbors and better 11 0 We have a broad agenda with both Mexico and Canada that goes well beyond trade, economic and investment links. By boosting economic prosperity in all three nations, a NAFTA will help us make progress on issues such as the environment, drugs and immigration. March 1, 1991 PAGE.003 MAR 11 '91 17:13 FROM DEC ENTERPRISE FOR THE AMERICAS EAI TRADE AGREEMENTS WILL ENCOURAGE REFORMS THAT LAY FOUNDATIONS FOR LONG-TERM ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE AMERICAS Through the Enterprise for the Americas Initiative, President Bush has placed new priority on increasing trade, investment, and growth in the hemisphere. The Initiative contemplates action in three areas -- trade, investment, and debt -- and also provides support for the environment. On the trade element, the President's Enterprise for the Americas Initiative foresees free trade agreements with countries or groups of countries in Latin America and the Caribbean that are pursuing sound market-oriented economic policies and implementing a liberal trade and investment regime. The past few years have seen widespread economic and trade policy reforms, including dramatic reductions in tariffs and non-tariff barriers, throughout Latin America and the Caribbean. These reforms show a broad shift away from an insular philosophy of import substitution and toward recognition of the need for market forces and the value of participating fully in the global economy. Trade agreements under the EAI seek to recognize and encourage these reforms. Prospects of free trade agreements will provide a major incentive for continued liberalization and will help to lock in reforms already in place. THE UNITED STATES AND LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN COUNTRIES WILL ALL GAIN FROM FREE TRADE The United States and the countries in Latin America and the Caribbean will gain from lower prices and more efficient production that result from removal of trade and investment barriers. Since the U.S. economy is, significantly larger than any of the region's economies, the gains from liberalization will be larger relative to national output for the Latin American countries than for the United States. Latin trade barriers generally are much higher than ours. Accordingly, elimination of these higher barriers should mean commensurately greater opportunities for U.S. exports. Latin countries will see important indirect benefits -- from improved economic organization, greater stability, and increased investment -- in addition to direct benefits from liberalization. FROM DEC 12:14 16, 11 RAR FACSIMILE COVER SHEET THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE Office of General Coufsel Executive Office of the President Washington, D.C. 20506 please Tecola 11 news eArl Date you In Number of Pages Excluding Cover whereive 4:55 Time Sent this 6800 TO: NAME: AGENCY: PHONE #: FAX #: Peggy Dooley NH 456-6218 FROM: Daniel M. Price, Deputy General Counsel PHONE: 202-395-6800 FAX #: 3639 CONTACT: If any Problems Call 395-3432 SUBJECT: raturials on Fast Track for Speech COMMENTS: P/s groe me a call PAGE.001 FROM DEC 21:12 16. II MAR IMPORTANCE AND BENEFITS OF A NAFTA A NAFTA WOULD CREATE ONE OF THE WORLD'S LARGEST FREE TRADE AREAS A North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA) would create an enormous market, encompassing some 360 million consumers and total output of $6 trillion. The progressive elimination of barriers to the flow of goods, services and investment, and strengthened protection of intellectual property rights would benefit a broad spectrum of businesses, workers, farmers and consumers. Creation of a NAFTA would be a catalyst for economic growth and development in the United States, Mexico and Canada through increased trade, investment and jobs. THE IMPORTANCE OF NORTH AMERICAN TRADE Canada and Mexico are America's first and third largest trading partners, respectively. In turn, the United States accounts for over two-thirds of their total trade. In 1990, three-way trade came to about $237 billion. Since 1980, U.S. exports to Mexico and Canada have doubled, rising from $55.3 billion to $111.4 billion. Our exports to our neighbors have grown substantially faster than those to the rest of the world. REMOVAL OF BARRIERS WOULD CREATE NEW TRADE AND INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES Since Mexico joined the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1986 and started its unilateral policy of lowering trade barriers, U.S. exports have more than doubled, growing from $12.4 billion to $28.4 billion. -- U.S. agricultural exports to Mexico totalled $2.5 billion in 1990, our third largest market. -- Consumer goods exports from the United States to Mexico have tripled since 1986, rising from $1 billion to $3 billion. -- U.S. exports of capital goods have grown from $5 billion in 1986 to about $9.5 billion last year. o We can do better. Mexico has greater barriers to U.S. exports than we impose on Mexican shipments to the United States. For example: DEC FROM 1:21 16. II MAR - 2 - -- Mexican tariffs average 10 percent, compared to the average tariff of 4 percent we impose on Mexican exports to us. -- Mexico still maintains a restrictive import licensing regime, one which affects 40 percent of U.S. agricultural exports to Mexico. In addition, while Mexico has liberalized its investment regime, it is still closed to many U.S. investments, both in manufacturing and in services, and performance requirements distort export opportunities for U.S. products. Mexico has already pledged to improve its protection for intellectual property rights, and we expect action on those pledges in the near future. A NAFTA will make those reforms secure. A NAFTA OFFERS BENEFITS TO U.S. PRODUCERS, WORKERS, AND CONSUMERS Economic analyses show that a NAFTA will have a positive impact on the U.S. economy and U.S. employment. U.S. producers and workers will benefit from a NAFTA through increased sales opportunities, improved operating efficiencies and strengthened competitiveness against competitors in Asia and Europe. U.S. consumers will enjoy increased access to lower-cost, higher quality products. A NAFTA STRENGTHENS THE BROADER NORTH AMERICAN RELATIONSHIP A NAFTA would help cement the extensive historical, familial, cultural and language links the United States has with both Mexico and Canada. o More prosperous neighbors are better neighbors and better customers for U.S. goods and services. 111 0 We have a broad agenda with both Mexico and Canada that goes well beyond trade, economic and investment links. By boosting economic prosperity in all three nations, a NAFTA will help us make progress on issues such as the environment, drugs and immigration. March 1, 1991 PAGE.003 MAR 11 '91 17:13 FROM DEC Grant/Dooley March 4, 1991 5 p.m. A:TRADE PRESIDENTIAL TALKING POINTS: FAST TRACK EXTENSION ROOM 450 BRIEFING MARCH 5, 1991 10:30 A.M. I'd like to welcome all of you to the White House. Although attention lately has focused on the Persian Gulf, I wanted to drop by to discuss our economic growth. I am optimistic about the economy -- and I am optimistic that we can expand exports and economic growth through open world markets. As Carla Hills, Michael Boskin and Fred McClure have told you, our economic growth depends on free markets throughout the world. Our trade agreements must open markets and provide rules for fair and free trade. For many years, fast track has allowed us to successfully negotiate important trade agreements -- reducing barriers to trade and contributing to growth both here and abroad. This Administration is committed to America's leadership role in the global economy -- and to the extension of fast track. We want to continue our active partnership with Congress and the private sector in expanding our trade. As business and association leaders, you have been tremendously helpful so far, and I want to keep this partnership strong. Fast track will do this. It: will also give us the same bargaining power our counterparts already enjoy: the ability to ensure that the agreement reached at the table is the same one voted on at home. Supporting fast track will allow our important initiatives for economic growth to go forward. If a disapproval resolution is passed by either House, the fast track is gone for all purposes -- as is our ability to negotiate in the Uruguay Round, the North America Free Trade Agreement, and the Enterprise for the Americas Initiative. A vote against fast track is a vote against trade. We are the world's largest trader -- and our exports have become a vital source of strength to the U.S. economy. I know we're facing a tough fight on this in the Congress, but we have before us the opportunity to expand growth and prosperity for all Americans. We need your support in this important work. Thank you very much. # # # MAR 14 '91 8:33 PAGE. 001 OF OFFINIAL THE OFFICE OF THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF DEFENSE WASHINGTON, D.C. 20301-4000 UNITED STATES OF OMERIER 91 MAR 14 A8: 5 FORCE MANAGEMENT AND PERSONNEL DATE: 14 MAR 91 TELEFAX COMMUNICATIONS TELEFAX NUMBER: 202 456 6218 DELIVER TO: (name & phone/room #) MR BOB SIMON PH 04 # 202 456 7750 # 202 456 1150 NUMBER OF PAGES (INCLUDING COVER) : 4 SENT FROM: LT COL LOVE OASD/FM&P/MM&PP (MEO) Policy 697-6381 703 614 TELEFAX PHONE NUMBER: ( ) -9272 703 CONFIRMATION NUMBER: (302) 697-6381 AUTOVON: 227-6381 MESSAGE: BOB - ATTACHED IS THE INFO ON HISPANIC MILITARY CONTRIBUTIONS HOPE IT HELPS ar. LICOLLOVE USAF MAR 14 '91 8:34 PAGE. 002 9 MILITARY PARTICIPATION - When the Civil War broke out, the Mexican-American community was divided in loyalty. Approximately 1,000 joined the Union Army and another 2,550, the Confederate Force. - By the end of the war, as many as 9,900 Mexican-Americans fought. Most served in the regular army or volunteer units which were integrated. Some, however, served in predominately Mexican-American units with their own officers. - In 1863, the U.S. government established four military companies of Mexican-American Californians (the First Battalion of Native Cavalry) to utilize their "extraordinary horsemanship." At least 469 Mexican- Americans served under Major Salvador Vallejo, helping to defeat a Confederate invasion of New Mexico. - Colonel Miguel E. Pino established the Second Regiment of New Mexico Volunteers. At least six independent militia companies commanded by Mexican-Americans were raised in New Mexico. Approximately 4,000 Mexican-Americans volunteered in these companies. - In Texas, the Union established 12 Mexican-American companies (the First Regiment of Texas Cavalry). By and large, the officers were non-Hispanic, although there were some Mexican Texans serving as captains and lieutenants. - David G. Farragut was the most famous Union Hispanic. When he was nine years old he was appointed as a midshipman in the U.S. Navy. At 13 he served aboard the USS Essex during the War of 1812. In 1862, he successfully commanded Union forces and captured the city of New Orleans. In the Battle of Port Hudson (135 miles north of New Orleans) Farragut's tactics for attacking forts gained accolades. After orchestrating the capture of Mobile, Alabama, Farragut was commissioned Admiral of the Navy. - Other Hispanics served in such Confederate units as the Benavides Regiment, the 10th Texas Cavalry, the 55th Alabama Infantry, Manigault's Battalion of South Carolina Artillery, the 6th Missouri Infantry, the Chalmette Regiment of Louisiana Infantry, and the Second Texas Mounted Rifles. - Colonel Santos Benavides was the highest ranking Mexican- American in the Confederate Army. He was one of the first to take up arms and one of the last to surrender. MAR 14 '91 8:34 PAGE. 003 10 - Loretta Janet Velasquez, a Cuban-born woman, enlisted in the Confederate Army in 1860, masquerading as a man. - During the Spanish-American War in 1898, there were Hispanic members of Theodore Roosevelt's "Rough Riders." Captain Maximiliano Luna was the most distinguished Hispanic "Rough Rider." A military camp in New Mexico was named after him. After the Spanish American War, George Armijo, another Hispanic "Rough Rider, " became a member of Congress. - At the beginning of World War I Hispanics and others who had insufficient English skills were sent to training centers. Eventually a training plan was established at Camp Gordon, Georgia. However, by the time the training plan was operational the war was almost over. - Some Hispanics did serve in World War I, but there are insufficient records to determine how many. - Nicholas Lucero, an Hispanic, received the French Croix de Guerre during World War I. - Another Hispanic, Marcelino Serna, received the Distinguished Service Cross, the French Croix de Guerre, the Victory Medal with three bars, and two Purple Hearts. - Estimates for World War II indicate anywhere from 250,000 to 500,000 Hispanics served in the Armed Forces. - Between 1940 and 1946, approximately 53,000 Puerto Ricans served. - Hispanics did not serve in segregated units, with the one exception of the Puerto Rican 65th Infantry Regiment. - National Guard units, with large proportions of Mexican- Americans, served from Arizona, Texas, New Mexico, and California. - There were about 200 Puerto Rican women in the Women's Army Corps. - The New Mexico National Guard, with its large representation of Hispanics, became the largest single American unit in the Philippines. Their knowledge of Spanish was a definite asset. - Hispanic soldiers participated in all the major battles of World War II. MAR 14 '91 8:35 PAGE 004 11 - The first Hispanic Medal of Honor recipient of World War II was Private Jose P. Martinez. He was honored for his role in the 1943 American invasion of the Aleutian Islands. - The 141st Infantry Regiment from Texas saw 361 days of combat during World War II, earning three Medals of Honor, 31 Distinguished Service Crosses, 12 Legions of Merit, 492 Silver Stars, 11 Soldier's Medals, and 1685 Bronze Stars. - During the Korean War nine Hispanics received the Congressional Medal of Honor. - The Puerto Rican 65th Infantry Division was the only all- Hispanic Division to serve during the Korean War. It earned four Distinguished Service Crosses and 124 Silver Stars. - Hero Street, USA, in Silvis, Illinois, a Chicago suburb, is so-named because it contributed more men to military service during World War II and Korea than any other place of comparable size. This street was home for a number of Hispanic families. Silvis now has a monument to the eight Hispanic heroes who died during the two wars. - Precise figures are not available for Hispanic participation in Vietnam. Lieutenant Commander Everett Alvarez, Jr. (then Lieutenant JG) was the first American pilot taken as a prisoner of war and remained a prisoner longer than anyone else, eight and a half years. - DoD-wide representation of Hispanics decreased from 4.1 percent in 1976 to 3.8 percent in 1987. - Hispanic representation increased in the Navy and Air Force and decreased in the other Services during this period. - Despite this loss, the Marine Corps still had the highest percentage of Hispanics of any Service (5.0 percent in 1987). (Table 1) - Although there was an overall decrease in Hispanic representation, the DoD-wide percentage of Hispanic officers increased from 1.4 percent in 1976 to 1.7 percent in 1987. (Table 1) - In 1987, the Marine Corps had the largest percentage of enlisted Hispanics of any Service. (Table 1) - Table 1, following, shows "Hispanics in the Active Duty Forces by Service and Rank, March 1987." INSTANT ALMANAC of Events, Anniversaries, Observances, Quotations, and Birthdays for Every Day of the Year Leonard and Thelma Spinrad PARKER PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. West Nyack, N.Y. The day's birthdays: ines. Frontiersman Jim Bridger 1804, Richmond, Va.; artist Kate ademy at West Point, N.Y. Greenaway 1846, London; Rabbi Stephen Wise 1874, Budapest; golfer Robert (Bobby) Jones, Jr. 1902, Atlanta, Ga.; actor Edmund ed. Kean 1787, London; dancer Rudolf Nureyev 1938, Ufa, Bashkir ced Versailles Treaty. Republic, U.S.S.R.; civil rights leader Bayard Rustin 1910, West /orld War II battle of Iwo Chester, Penna. Quotation of the day: d David Scott were first to "Let us now forgive and forget. Let each Country seek its Advance- ment in its own internal Advantages of Arts and Agriculture, not in retarding or preventing the Prosperity of the other." - Benjamin nway, Va.; scientist Georg Franklin, March 17, 1783 tertainer Jerry Lewis 1926, MARCH 18 gham 1932, Creston, Iowa; ly, Nevada. Zodiac sign for the day: Pisces, the fish. Zodiac birthstone for the day: Amethyst. every sort of flattery, and The day in history: of Chesterfield, March 16, 1931 - First electric razor marketed by Schick, Inc. 1937-School explosion in New London, Texas, killed 426. 1938 Foreign oil holdings in Mexico expropriated. 1949-North Atlantic Treaty Organization formed. 1965-U.S.S.R. cosmonaut Aleksei Lenov was first man to walk in nt, d. about 461 A.D. in space. 1970-Postal strike began in New York, mushroomed across U.S. n), Mass. commemorates Troops began moving mail in New York March 23 and strike dis- erican Revolutionary War. integrated. The day's birthdays: President Grover Cleveland 1837, Caldwell, N.J.; composer Nicholas and Rimsky-Korsakov 1844, Novgorod, Russia; inventor Rudolph Diesel memorates birth of group Quotation of the day: 1858, Paris; statesman John C. Calhoun 1782, Abbeville, I S.C. firal " how the world makes nothing of the memory of a man an hour xposed-and dubbed Mur- after he is dead! Samuel Pepys, March 18, 1664 n. D.C. opened. spring, the thi nb off coast of Spain. MARCH 19 Security Council to block Swallows return to Mission San Juan Capistrano, Calif. 1e. St. Joseph, husband of the Virgin Mary. time of Thoug, bequining now March March 78 Zodiac sign for the day: Pisces, the fish. Zodiac birthstone for the day: Amethyst. First Day of Spring The day in history: 1920-U.S. Senate rejected Treaty of Versailles which included National Smile We provision for League of Nations. Avenue, New 1945-U.S. Navy aircraft carrier Franklin, heavily damaged by Zodiac sign for the Japanese planes in World War II, with loss of 832 lives, was saved by Zodiac birthstone fc sea epic of heroism. The day in history: 1969-British forces landed on independence-seeking island of 1851-Yosemite Va Anguilla, which wanted to break loose from St. Kitts-Nevis. 1965-Rev. Martin The day's birthdays: Selma, Ala., headed Former Chief Justice Earl Warren 1891, Los Angeles; orator- The day's birthdays: statesman William Jennings Bryan 1860, Salem, III.; dancer Sergei Diaghilev 1872, Novgorod, Russia. Composer Johann President Benito Ju Quotation of the day: Mussorgsky 1839, K "My fears are as good prophets as my hopes."-Henry D. Thoreau, March 19, 1842 Quotation of the day "There is nothing W MARCH 20 much happiness is 1 Johnson, March 21, Zodiac sign for the day: Pisces, the fish. "There is no finer in Zodiac birthstone for the day: Amethyst. into babies. Healthy The day in history: have."-Winston Chu 1751-King George III succeeded to throne of England. 1833-U.S. and Siam signed their first treaty, a commerce pact, in Bangkok. 1852-Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel Uncle Tom's Cabin was pub- Zodiac sign for the di lished as a book after being serialized. Zodiac birthstone for 1890-General Federation of Women's Clubs organized in New York. The day in history: The day's birthdays: 1621-Governor Joh Playwright Henrik Ibsen 1828, Skien, Norway; poet Ovid 43 B.C., sion treaty at Plymou Sulmo, Abruzzi, Roman Empire; actor Sir Michael Redgrave 1908, 1820-Naval hero S Bristol, England: singer Beniamino Gigli 1890, Recanati, Italy; Jamès Barron. comedian Carl Reiner 1922, New York City; singer Lauritz Melchior 1882-Edmunds Law 1890, Copenhagen; pianist Sviatoslav Richter 1914, Zhitomir, 1941-Grand Coulee Ukraine, U.S.S.R. 1945-Arab League f Quotation of the day: The day's birthdays: "A nation is molded by the tests that its peoples meet and Painter Sir Anthony master."-Lyndon B. Johnson, March 20, 1965 Rosa Bonheur 1822, McNally/Dooley Mar. 13, 1991 Draft One (B:HISP-BUS) PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: HISPANIC ALLIANCE FOR FREE TRADE ROOM 450, O.E.O.B. TUESDAY, MAR. 19, 1991 :00 _.M. Thank you. And welcome to the White House. It's good to see my friend Bob Mosbacher, who's doing such an outstanding job as America's Secretary of Commerce. Carla Hills, our very able Trade Representative. And it's always a pleasure to welcome so many distinguished members of Congress down to this end of Pennsylvania Avenue. III The people gathered here come from across the 50 states, from California to New York, from Texas to Florida, hometown heroes who are here to help lead America into the 21st Century. And it brings to mind another group of heroes -- the all-American heroes we see on television almost every night now, stepping off the planes and into the history books -- the courageous men and women of Operation Desert Storm! III Thinking of them, and looking out at this impressive gathering, I can't help but think of the incredible contributions Hispanic-Americans have made to the defense of this Nation in peacetime and in war -- earning the highest percentage of Con- gressional Medals of Honor. America's brave Hispanic troops in the Gulf served with tremendous distinction and pride. I think of heroes like Capt. Manuel Rivera, a remarkable young man who overcame the obstacles of growing up in the South Bronx to become an accomplished Marine pilot. One of the first to fall in the air war, he dreamed of becoming an astronaut. And today he has 2 taken his place in the stars, so that we might find a better way on Earth. III The Coalition triumph in the Gulf serves to remind us how much the world continues to look to the United States for leadership. And as I said last week in my address to the Joint Session, the real way to honor the sacrifice of our troops is to roll up our sleeves and work together with Congress -- to help build a better America, a better world, and a better tomorrow. We've gathered here today to seize a historic opportunity to do just that. Earlier this month, I sent Congress our request for an extension of the "fast track" procedures for implementing new trade agreements. It's a simple concept. For the better part of this century, Congress and the Executive have recognized that negotiating trade agreements requires special cooperation. And SO through the fast track, Congress made sure the President went to the table equipped with the same bargaining power as his counterparts: the ability to ensure that the agreement reached overseas would be the agreement voted upon at home. Many of you know what it's like to run a business. And you understand firsthand how critical it is to have this simple authority -- the authority to reach across the table and shake hands on a deal. That's why we need an extension of "fast track" now -- to pursue critical new trade initiatives of unprecedented promise -- like the Uruguay Round, the North American Free Trade Agreement, and our Enterprise for the Americas Initiative. No country stands to gain more from an open global economy 3 than the United States. But a vote against extending these procedures now would cut off the prospect of negotiating any new agreements. Simply put, a vote against fast track is a vote against trade. And instead of moving forward on the fast track -- America will be facing a dead end. In order to sustain the expansion of exports and economic growth, we must continue our efforts to open world markets. The free trade talks with Mexico and Canada and our Enterprise for the Americas Initiative are part of our strategy for expanding U.S. trade, economic, and business ties with our neighbors in Latin America. We have a vital stake in the region. Obviously, we have an interest in promoting stability and economic growth. But our relationship goes well beyond that. We have bonds of culture, heritage, and family that transcend business and politics. Like many in this room, millions of Americans trace their roots to Latin America. And you have brought the genius and vitality of Latin culture as your distinctive contribution to the special magic of this great country. We want to tap that genius and vitality. Before the debt crisis, Latin America was a key market for U.S. trade. It remains a natural market for American goods, services, and investments. And here -- Hispanic businessmen and women are a critical American resource. You have been at the forefront of our trade with Mexico, the Caribbean, and Latin America. You speak the language and understand the culture. You have shown the determination, the ingenuity, and the vision that have 4 created the enterprises which drive our economy and enrich our lives. That's why we need your leadership. And that's why we need your support in urging the Congress to back fast track, the North American free trade agreement, and our Enterprise for the Americas Initiative. A North American Free Trade Area would create an enormous new market, honing America's competitive edge against the increasingly unified markets of Europe and Asia by bringing together some 360 million consumers with a total output of six trillion dollars. At home it will mean a stronger economy, with increased exports, and increased access to lower-cost, higher quality products. And by boosting economic prosperity in the U.S., Mexico, and Canada, it will help us progress on issues such as drugs, education, immigration, and the environment. Like these free trade proposals, our Enterprise for the Americas Initiative was spurred by a common concern for not only economic growth, but also environmental health. I've said many times that environmental destruction knows no borders. And I'm very pleased today to be able to mark this distinguished gather- ing by signing into law an unprecedented new initiative to clean up the neighborhood -- the hemispheric neighborhood. This Executive Order, implementing part of the Enterprise for the Americas Initiative, will not only authorize the unique "debt for nature" provisions of the plan, but also create an "Environment for the Americas Board.' Taken together, these new efforts will permit qualified Latin American nations to pay off 5 their debts through deposits in local currency -- and then unleash these funds to help clean up the environment. Today in Washington, we make good on a promise to Mother Nature. And today in California, Mother Nature makes good on an annual promise of her own. Today the swallows return to Mission San Juan Capistrano. It is a harbinger of spring -- a time of change, new growth, new beginnings. Yes, many challenges remain. But you can make a difference. You can encourage grassroots support for these bold initiatives. You can encourage Congress to act to provide new markets, more jobs, and new business opportunities for all Americans. And, working together, we can help realize the dream of the Americas -- a community of nations, prosperous and free -- and the world's first completely democratic hemisphere. 111 Thank you for coming to the White House today. God bless you and the United States. And now, I will sign into law Executive Order No. , the "Implementation of the Enterprise for the Americas Initiative." # # # McNally/Dooley Mar. 14, 1991 Draft Three (B:HISP-BUS) PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: HISPANIC ALLIANCE FOR FREE TRADE ROOM 450, O.E.O.B. TUESDAY, MAR. 19, 1991 :00 .M. Thank you. Welcome to the White House. It's good to see Bob Mosbacher, who's doing such an outstanding job as Secretary of Commerce. Carla Hills, our very able Trade Representative. And it's always a pleasure to welcome so many distinguished members of Congress down to this end of Pennsylvania Avenue. III Shince The people gathered here span the 50 states, from California Sanchenz to New York, from Texas to Florida, hometown heroes who are here to help lead America into the 21st Century. And it brings to mind another group of heroes -- the all-American heroes we see on television almost every night now, stepping off the planes and into the history books -- the courageous men and women of Operation Desert Storm! III Thinking of them, and looking out at this impressive gathering, I can't help but think of the incredible contributions Hispanic-Americans have made to the defense of this Nation in numb peacetime and in war -- earning the highest percentage of Con- they wan. gressional Medals of Honor America's brave Hispanic troops in Newsday the Gulf served with tremendous distinction and pride. I think 1-31-91 of heroes like Capt. Manuel Rivera, who overcame the obstacles of Death through Confirmal growing up in the South Bronx to become an accomplished Marine pilot. One of the first to fall in the air war, he dreamed of Public usme Pentagon affairs becoming an astronaut. And today he has taken his place in the at stars, so that we might find a better way on Earth. 111 2 The Coalition triumph in the Gulf serves to remind us how much the world continues to look to the United States for 2 ago leadership. And as I said last week in my address to the Joint Session, the real way to honor the sacrifice of our troops is to X roll up our sleeves and work together with Congress -- to help build a better America, a better world, and a better tomorrow. We've gathered here today to seize a historic opportunity to 3-5-91 do just that. Earlier this month, I sent Congress our request + speed for an extension of the "fast track" procedures for implementing new trade agreements. It's a simple concept. For the better part of this century, Congress and the Executive have recognized that negotiating trade agreements requires special cooperation. Through the fast track, Congress made sure the President went to the table equipped with the same bargaining power as his counterparts: the ability to ensure that the agreement reached overseas would be the agreement voted upon at home. Many of you know what it's like to run a business. And you understand how critical it is to have this simple authority -- the authority to reach across the table and shake hands on a deal. That's why we need an extension of "fast track" now -- to 3-5-91 speech pursue critical new trade initiatives of unprecedented promise -- like the Uruguay Round, the North American Free Trade Agreement, and our Enterprise for the Americas Initiative. Every country in the region will reap great benefits from these bold new trade ventures. But when it comes to a truly open global economy, no country stands to gain more than the United 3 States. Unfortunately, a vote against extension would cut off the chance to negotiate any new agreements. Simply put, a vote against fast track is a vote against trade. And instead of moving forward on the fast track -- America will be facing a dead end. In order to sustain the expansion of exports and economic growth, we must continue our efforts to open world markets. The free trade talks with Mexico and Canada and our Enterprise for the Americas Initiative are part of our strategy for expanding U.S. trade, economic, and business ties with our neighbors in Latin America. We have a vital stake in the region. Obviously, we have an interest in promoting stability and economic growth. But our relationship goes well beyond that. We have bonds of culture, heritage, and family that transcend business and politics. Like many in this room, millions of Americans trace their roots to Latin America. And you have brought the genius and vitality of Latin culture as your distinctive contribution to the special magic of this great country. We want to tap that genius and vitality. Before the debt crisis, Latin America was a key market for U.S. trade. It re- mains a natural market for U.S. goods, services, and investments. And here, Hispanic businessmen and women are a critical American resource. You have been at the forefront of our trade with Mexico, the Caribbean, and Latin America. You speak the language and understand the culture. You have shown the determination, the ingenuity, and the vision that have created the enterprises that drive our economy and enrich our lives. That's why we need 4 your leadership. And that's why we need your support in urging the Congress to back fast track, the North American free trade agreement, and our Enterprise for the Americas Initiative. ta VSIng points A North American Free Trade Area would bring together 360 see file million consumers, and a total output of six trillion dollars. It would create an enormous new market, honing America's competitive edge against the increasingly unified markets of Europe and Asia. At home it will mean a stronger economy, with increased exports, and increased access to lower-cost, higher quality products. And by boosting economic prosperity in the U.S., Mexico, and Canada, it will help us progress on issues such as drugs, education, immigration, and the environment. Like these free trade proposals, our Enterprise for the Americas Initiative was spurred by a common concern for not only economic growth, but also environmental health. I've said many times that environmental destruction knows no borders. And I'm very pleased today to be able to mark this distinguished gather- ing by signing into law an unprecedented new initiative to clean up the neighborhood -- the hemispheric neighborhood. This Executive Order, implementing part of the Enterprise for the Americas Initiative, will not only authorize the unique "debt for nature" provisions of the plan, but also create an "Environment for the Americas Board." Taken together, these new efforts will permit qualified Latin American nations to pay off their debts through deposits in local currency -- and then unleash these funds to help clean up the environment. 5 Every nation has much to gain from an era of open doors, open minds, and open trade: A new season of sustained economic growth. Unprecedented regional stability. Lower prices and greater choices for consumers. More jobs. And an improved standard of living for our people and our neighbors. Country by country, around the world, the people of the more developed nations enjoy cleaner rivers, purer air, better health, and longer lives than their less developed counterparts. Development and prosperity mean less pollution, not more. III Today in Washington, we make good on a promise to Mother Nature. And today in California, Mother Nature makes good on an see file annual promise of her own. Today the swallows return to Mission San Juan Capistrano. It is a harbinger of spring -- a time of change, new growth, new beginnings. Yes, many challenges remain. But you can make a difference. You can encourage support for these bold initiatives. You can encourage Congress to act to provide new markets, more jobs, and new business opportunities for all Americans. And, working together, we can help realize the dream of the Americas -- a community of nations, prosperous and free -- and the world's first completely democratic hemisphere. III Thank you for coming to the White House today. God bless you and the United States. And now, I will sign into law this Executive Order MM the "Implementation of the Enterprise for the Americas Initiative." # # # McNally/Dooley/Simon Mar. 15, 1991, Draft Four PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: HISPANIC ALLIANCE FOR FREE TRADE THE EAST ROOM TUESDAY, MAR. 19, 1991, 2:00 P.M. Thank you. Welcome to the White House. It's good to see Bob Mosbacher, who's doing such an outstanding job as Commerce Secretary. Carla Hills, our very able Trade Representative. And Dr. Michael Boskin, Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisors. The people gathered here span the 50 states, from California to New York to Florida, hometown heroes who are here to help lead America into the 21st Century. It brings to mind another group of heroes -- the all-American heroes we see on television almost every night now, stepping off the planes and into the history books -- the courageous men and women of Operation Desert Storm! Thinking of them, and looking out at this fine gathering, I can't help but think of the incredible contributions Hispanic- Americans have made to the defense of this Nation, in peacetime and in war, earning 38 Congressional Medals of Honor. America's brave Hispanic troops in the Gulf served with tremendous distinc- tion and pride. I think of heroes like Capt. Manuel Rivera, who grew up in the South Bronx and went on to become an accomplished Marine pilot. One of the first to fall in the air war, he dreamed of becoming an astronaut. And today he has taken his place in the stars, so that we might find a better way on Earth. The Coalition triumph in the Gulf serves to remind us how much the world continues to look to the United States for leadership. And as I said in my address to the Joint Session, the real way to honor the sacrifice of our troops is to roll up 2 our sleeves and work together with Congress -- to help build a better America, a better world, and a better tomorrow. 111 We've gathered here today to seize a historic opportunity to do just that. Earlier this month, I sent Congress our request for an extension of the "fast track" procedures for implementing new trade agreements. It's a simple concept. For the better part of this century, Congress and the Executive office have re- cognized that negotiating trade agreements requires special cooperation. Through fast track authority, Congress made sure the President went to the table equipped with the same bargaining power as his counterparts: the ability to ensure that the agree- ment reached overseas would be the agreement voted upon at home. Many of you know what it's like to run a business. And you understand how critical it is to have this simple authority when you're out there on the road representing your company -- the authority to reach across the table and shake hands on a deal. of course, fast track is a long ways from carte blanche. We still have to bring the best agreement we can get back to the "home office" -- back to Congress for a vote. But at least fast track gives us the authority to get the deal in writing -- so that it can be presented to Congress for an up or down vote. And foreign governments won't face a second round of negotiations, second-guessed by Congress on particular provisions. The stakes are high. We need an extension of "fast track" now -- to pursue critical new trade initiatives of unprecedented promise -- like the Uruguay Round, the North American Free Trade 3 Agreement, and our Enterprise for the Americas Initiative. And as with every good business deal -- everybody wins. Every country in the region will reap huge benefits from these bold new trade ventures. But when it comes to a truly open global economy, no country stands to gain more than the United States. There are enormous potential gains for the U.S. in increased and freer trade. Unfortunately, a vote against extension of fast track authority would cut off the chance to negotiate any new agreements. Simply put, a vote against fast track is a vote against trade. And instead of moving forward on a fast track --America will be facing a dead end. 111 In order to sustain the expansion of exports and economic growth, we must continue our efforts to open world markets. Amb. Hills is working hard to achieve success in the Uruguay Round -- to open markets to U.S. goods and services worldwide. The free trade talks with Mexico and Canada and our Enterprise for the Americas Initiative are part of our strategy for expanding U.S. ties with our neighbors to the South. We have a vital stake in the region. Obviously, we have an interest in promoting stabi- lity and economic growth. But our relationship goes well beyond that. We have bonds of culture, heritage, and family that tran- scend business and politics. Like many in this room, millions of Americans trace their roots to Latin America. You have brought the genius and vitality of Latin culture as your distinctive contribution to the special magic of this great country. We want to tap that genius and vitality. Before the debt 4 crisis, Latin America was a key market for U.S. trade. It re- mains a natural market for U.S. goods, services, and investments. And here, Hispanic businessmen and women are a critical American resource. You have been at the forefront of our trade with Latin America. You speak the language and understand the culture. You have shown the determination, the ingenuity, and the vision that have created the enterprises that drive our economy and enrich our lives. That's why we need your leadership. And that's why we need your support in urging the Congress to back fast track - - to clear the way for the Uruguay Round, the North American Free Trade Agreement, and our Enterprise for the Americas Initiative. A North American Free Trade Area would bring together 360 million consumers, and a total output of six trillion dollars. It would create an enormous new market, honing America's competitive edge against the increasingly unified markets of Europe and Asia. It means good news at home: A stronger economy, with increased exports, and increased access to lower- cost, higher quality products. And it means good news for our neighbors: By boosting economic prosperity in Mexico, Canada, and the U.S., it will help us move forward on the issues that cut close to home across North America -- issues such as drugs, education, immigration, and the environment. Take the environment as just one example: Country by country, around the world, the people of the more developed nations enjoy cleaner rivers, purer air, better health, and longer lives than their less developed counterparts. Development 5 and prosperity mean less pollution, not more. III In this way, the good you do today can mean good news not only for the people of your hometowns -- but also for the people of your homelands. As I said: Everybody wins. Every nation has much to gain from a new era of open doors, open minds, and open trade: A future of sustained economic growth. Lasting regional stability. Lower prices and greater choices for consumers. More jobs. And an improved standard of living for our people and our neighbors. Today is an auspicious day to launch this effort. For today in California, the swallows return to Mission San Juan Capis- trano. It is a harbinger of spring -- a time of change, new growth, new beginnings. And across the continent from the Yukon to the Yucatan -- you can be part of a new vision for the New World: A community of nations, prosperous and free -- the cornerstone of the world's first fully democratic hemisphere. Yes, many challenges remain. But you can make a difference. You can encourage support for these bold initiatives. You can encourage Congress to act to provide new markets, more jobs, and new business opportunities for all Americans. The buses are outside. It's time to jump-start this effort. It's time to charge up the hill, strike down the barriers, and open up trade. Let's tell Congress it's time to share the American dream -- and make it the dream of all the Americas. Let's tell Congress we need fast track now! III Thank you. God bless you and the United States of America. # # # TO POTUS McNally/Dooley/Simon Mar. 15, 1991, Draft Four PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: HISPANIC ALLIANCE FOR FREE TRADE THE EAST ROOM TUESDAY, MAR. 19, 1991, 2:00 P.M. Thank you. Welcome to the White House. It's good to see Bob Mosbacher, who's doing such an outstanding job as Commerce Secretary. Carla Hills, our very able Trade Representative. And Dr. Michael Boskin, Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisors. The people gathered here span the 50 states, from California to New York to Florida, hometown heroes who are here to help lead America into the 21st Century. It brings to mind another group of heroes -- the all-American heroes we see on television almost every night now, stepping off the planes and into the history books -- the courageous men and women of Operation Desert Storm! Thinking of them, and looking out at this fine gathering, I piatti can't help but think of the incredible contributions Hispanic- Mr. Armandsh Americans have made to the defense of this Nation, in peacetime x 4 4 and in war, earning 38 Congressional Medals of Honor. America's 703-325- 4755 brave Hispanic troops in the Gulf served with tremendous distinc- tion and pride. I think of heroes like Capt. Manuel Rivera, who grew up in the South Bronx and went on to become an accomplished Marine pilot. One of the first to fall in the air war, he dreamed of becoming an astronaut. And today he has taken his place in the stars, so that we might find a better way on Earth. The Coalition triumph in the Gulf serves to remind us how much the world continues to look to the United States for leadership. And as I said in my address to the Joint Session, the real way to honor the sacrifice of our troops is to roll up 2 our sleeves and work together with Congress -- to help build a better America, a better world, and a better tomorrow. III We've gathered here today to seize a historic opportunity to do just that. Earlier this month, I sent Congress our request for an extension of the "fast track" procedures for implementing new trade agreements. It's a simple concept. For the better part of this century, Congress and the Executive office have recognized that negotiating trade agreements requires special cooperation. Through fast track authority, Congress made sure the President went to the table equipped with the same bargaining power as his counterparts: the ability to ensure that the agree- ment reached overseas would be the agreement voted upon at home. Many of you know what it's like to run a business. And you understand how critical it is to have this simple authority when you're out there on the road representing your company -- the authority to reach across the table and shake hands on a deal. No one's asking for carte blanche. We still have to bring the best agreement we can get back to the "home office" -- back to Congress for a vote. But at least fast track gives us the authority to get the deal in writing -- so that it can be presented to Congress for an up or down vote. The stakes are high. We need an extension of "fast track" now -- to pursue critical new trade initiatives of unprecedented promise -- like the Uruguay Round, the Enterprise for the Americas Initiative, and the North American Free Trade Agreement. 3 And as with every good business deal -- everybody wins. Every country in the region will reap huge benefits from these bold new trade ventures. But when it comes to a truly open global economy, no country stands to gain more than the United States. There are enormous potential gains for the U.S. in increased and freer trade. Unfortunately, a vote against extension of fast track authority would cut off the chance to negotiate any new agreements. Simply put, a vote against fast track is a vote against trade. And instead of moving forward on a fast track -- America will be facing a dead end. In order to sustain the expansion of exports and economic growth, we must continue our efforts to open world markets. Ambassador Hills is working hard to achieve success in the Uruguay Round -- to open markets to U.S. goods and services worldwide. The free trade talks with Mexico and Canada and our Enterprise for the Americas Initiative are part of our strategy for expanding U.S. ties with our neighbors to the South. We have a vital stake in the region. Obviously, we have an interest in promoting stability and economic growth. But our relationship goes well beyond that. We have bonds of culture, heritage, and family that transcend business and politics. Like many in this room, millions of Americans trace their roots to Latin America. You have brought the genius and vitality of Latin culture as your distinctive contribution to the special magic of this great country. We want to tap that genius and vitality. Before the debt 4 crisis, Latin America was a key market for U.S. trade. It re- mains a natural market for U.S. goods, services, and investments. And here, Hispanic businessmen and women are a critical American resource. You have been at the forefront of our trade with Latin America. You speak the language and understand the culture. You have shown the determination, the ingenuity, and the vision that have created the enterprises that drive our economy and enrich our lives. That's why we need your leadership. And that's why we need your support in urging the Congress to back fast track - - to clear the way for the Uruguay Round, the Enterprise for the Americas Initiative, and the North American Free Trade Agreement. A North American Free Trade Area would bring together 360 million consumers, and a total output of six trillion dollars. It would create an enormous new market, honing America's competitive edge against the increasingly unified markets of Europe and Asia. It means good news at home: A stronger economy, with increased exports, and increased access to lower- cost, higher quality products. And it means good news for our neighbors: By boosting economic prosperity in Mexico, Canada, and the U.S., it will help us move forward on the issues that cut close to home across North America -- issues such as drugs, education, immigration, and the environment. Take the environment as just one example: Country by country, around the world, the people of the more developed nations enjoy cleaner rivers, purer air, better health, and longer lives than their less developed counterparts. Development 5 and prosperity mean less pollution, not more. III In this way, the good you do today can mean good news not only for the people of your hometowns -- but also for the people of your homelands. As I said: Everybody wins. Every nation has much to gain from a new era of open doors, open minds, and open trade: A future of sustained economic growth. Lasting regional stability. Lower prices and greater choices for consumers. More jobs. And an improved standard of living for our people and our neighbors. Today is an auspicious day to launch this effort. For today in California, the swallows return to Mission San Juan Capistrano. It is a harbinger of spring -- a time of change, new growth, new beginnings. And across the continent from the Yukon to the Yucatan -- you can be part of a new vision for the New World: A community of nations, prosperous and free -- the cornerstone of the world's first fully democratic hemisphere. Yes, many challenges remain. But you can make a difference. You can encourage support for these bold initiatives. You can encourage Congress to act to provide new markets, more jobs, and new business opportunities for all Americans. The buses are outside. It's time to jump-start this effort. It's time to charge up the hill, strike down the barriers, and open up trade. Let's tell Congress it's time to share the American dream -- and make it the dream of all the Americas. Let's tell Congress we need fast track now! 111 Thank you. God bless you and the United States of America. # # # - 14 - on quivalent Beth's Peggy Jet's fry No do University of Texas at El Paso, which or has speed 54 for something like insert like that -- percent Hispanics -- a lot of them right there at New Mexico-Texas corner. And there's one other -- I forget the name of it. But if they'd be interested. what POTUS Q Mr. President, when earlier I had suggested that you learn a little more Spanish, and you can work with -- to THE PRESIDENT: I did not take that as -- (laughter.) about Q Well, I didn't mean to insult you, but Publica what was getting at -- come all THE PRESIDENT: No, you didn't at all. me ASAP Q Okay. Is when Mr. Aiken was in Sacramento and also with various Republican legislators throughout the year, I've always encouraged them to learn Spanish. And at least a few words so they could communicate. And radio is a wonderful medium, along with our colleagues in television, but I was thinking of radio because of the -E) ability to pre-record things. And if you learn a few words in Spanish then you could send out messages and we could do like the doughnut routine where you say a few words in Spanish and then we had the announcer or someone in your staff or someone in the community do the wrap-around for you. But if you start learning -- you'd be surprised what an impact it would have if you would learn a few phrases in Spanish. The people will love it. And you could go on the media and just little by little you could learn. THE PRESIDENT: You know my problem on that? It may be kind of a personal thing. I felt it might be gratuitous because I know my Spanish is so bad that if I went out, people might think I was being -- Q No, don't think that. Q No. Q Don't think that. It's just the opposite. The Spanish-speaking will love it. Art Snyder (phonetic) in L.A. used to butcher the Spanish language for 15 minutes on the 16th of September every year and they cheered him, sir. Hispanic people love it, because you tried. Q Mr. President, have you ever heard Frank Perdue speaking Spanish? (Laughter.) I think you would be much better than him. Q Oh, yes. Yes. They will love it that you try. Please try. THE PRESIDENT: I might try it I mean -- I may get Sununu into the fray. (Laughter.) He speaks Q Yes. Try. Q Mr. President, you had a wonderful meeting two days ago with the black community of this country in regard to their efforts in the war. THE PRESIDENT: Yes. Q I was thinking the same thing would be very, very strong -- we've just done a story on the Hispanic involvement in the war and the loads that they're carrying, our community is carrying. And you might think about something along those lines, too, because it's a very, very -- THE PRESIDENT: Now, there's something we should do, John. Because good God, the history of the Spanish -- Hispanic Americans in combat and in a war and, you know, the highest percentage of Congressional Medals -- I mean that's all done. So MORE - 15 - that would be -- I think that's something we can do. And maybe we could build it around some of these young people that will be coming back in some way, because God knows, I don't know who they are by name, but I can guarantee you there's a hell of a lot of them that have served with pride and distinction. Q In fact, a Mr. Rivera, Manuel Rivera in New York, he was the first casualty of the air war. And it got a lot of press. And he's a wonderful man. He was admitted to the astronaut program. And it was very meaningful and touching. THE PRESIDENT: That's a good project. That's a good suggestion. Because we could do that. This event was tied to Black History Week, they called it. I wonder whether there's a similar tie that we -- Q Yes. Hispanic Heritage Week in May. Hispanic Heritage Month? Q In September. Q Is that in September? THE PRESIDENT: Well, then that would be a good time. (Laughter.) Q There's also something in May tied in with Cinco de Mayo. THE PRESIDENT: Maybe Cinco de Mayo. Q It's tied in with Cinco de Mayo. But there's another thing that happens. Yes. Q Mr. President, an issue of great concern to a lot of us here, and the reason why some of us are here, of course, is the media. And I'm particularly interested in seeing if we could enlist your support, Mr. President, in continuing the policies of the Hispanic ownership of the media in the United States. Because we think, I believe that that's very important to get the message out correctly -- any message -- that's a very important part of this, of the whole media world in the United States. And I was wondering if there's any way that you could -- that we could enlist your help in continuing the policies that have been already implemented so as to further preserve or enhance the Hispanic ownership profile. THE PRESIDENT: Tell me how that would work. Clearly, that would be an objective, but what specifically might we need to be -- Q I brought you a letter just addressing those issues, Mr. President. (Laughter.) Just a three-page letter on certain things. THE PRESIDENT: On what we're talking about here? Q Yes, the minority preference issue. There are several points there that are brought up on the letter. Q This is a very important issue, Mr. President -- extremely important -- because the message gets across in a much more effective way when the actual owners of the media are Hispanic. Q I believe that's a good case. Q And there's a disproportionate share, Mr. President. Very few media. THE PRESIDENT: Let me ask this. In the licensing and renewal of licensing, is there any discrimination in this process? Q No. MORE Services of Mead Data Central PAGE 2 47TH STORY of Level 1 printed in FULL format. Proprietary to the United Press International 1991 January 23, 1991, Wednesday, BC cycle SECTION: Regional News DISTRIBUTION: New York Metro LENGTH: 335 words HEADLINE: Bronx flier 'non-hostile' fatality in Gulf War DATELINE: NEW YORK KEYWORD: GULF-RIVERA BODY: A 31-year old marine pilot from the Bronx was identified by the Pentagon Wednesday as a victim of a 'non-hostile death' in the Persian Gulf. The family of Capt. Manuel Rivera Jr., of the John Adams Houses, at 720 Westchester Ave., was told of the Harrier pilot's death on Tuesday, said Elsie Rivera, 25, one of the victim's three sisters. ' ' He was a very gifted, intellectual, young man,'' Elsie said. ''He was very honest, very proud.' Born in New York City, Rivera, attended Aviation High School in Queens and Dowling College for Aeronautics on Long Island before joining the Marine Corps. Rivera's wife, Peggy Ann, 27, was killed in ''an accident'' two years ago, said Elsie, who works as a nurse in a doctor's office. His father, a 15-year employee of the city's Parks and Recreation Department works at its Automotive repair center in the Bronx, is a Marine Corps veteran of Vietnam, Elsie said. ''He loved to fly ever since he was a child,' Elsie said of her brother. ''That was a dream and he fulfilled it. My brother served his country and he served it well.' Rivera flew from the U.S.S. Nassau, she said. The family was informed he was dead ' 'when three men in uniform came to the (apartment) door about 8 p.m.'' Tuesday. His death came when he was unable to land on the ship and crashed into the sea, WNBC-TV reported. Did he like flying the vertical take off or landing Harrier? ''He loved it,'' Elsie said. ''Like the plane -- there was no question. He loved it. The last time he was home was last spring and was sent to the Gulf in August, said the sister. Rivera last telephoned New Year's eve and said, ''He LEXIS® NEXIS® LEXIS® NEXIS® Services of Mead Data Central PAGE 3 Proprietary to the United Press International, January 23, 1991 was doing good and not to worry about him and that he was okay.' Rivera told his family at the time he would most certainly not be home before February, and definitely by April. In addition to his sister Elsie, Rivera was surivived by his parents, Manuel and Teresa, and two other sisters, Lydia, 30, and Christine, 14. LEXIS® ® NEXIS® ® LEXIS® NEXIS® ® Services of Mead Data Central PAGE 4 41ST STORY of Level 1 printed in FULL format. Copyright (c) 1991 Newsday, Inc.; Newsday January 24, 1991, Thursday, CITY EDITION SECTION: NEWS; THE GULF WAR; Pg. 17 LENGTH: 188 words HEADLINE: Bronx Pilot's Family Mourns BYLINE: By Mark Lowery. STAFF WRITER KEYWORD: PERSIAN GULF WAR; IRAQ; WAR; DEATH; MANUEL RIVERA JR; MARINES; UNITED STATES; TRAINING; ACCIDENT; AIRPLANE BODY: An American flag flew outside the fourth-story apartment window of Marine Capt. Manuel Rivera Jr., 31, in the South Bronx yesterday, but relatives of the dead pilot, whose Harrier jet crashed on a training run in the Persian Gulf, remained in seclusion. "We don't know when his body will be returned," said the Rev. Andreas Alava, pastor of St. Anselm's Roman Catholic Church, who spent two hours praying with and consoling Rivera's family Tuesday night after they were informed of his death. "No funeral arrangements have been made." Alava said Rivera and his three sisters attended St. Anselm's elementary school and that the pilot's mother worked in the school's cafeteria. He said he had known the Rivera family for the past six years and was aware that Rivera wanted to be a pilot from a very early age. Rivera, who neighbors said had been in the Marines 10 years, was stationed at Cherry Point Marine Corps Air Station in Havelock, N.C. He was a member of the Marine Attack Squadron VMA-331, one of three Harrier Squadrons from Cherry Point deployed in the gulf. No further information was supplied by the government. GRAPHIC: AP Photo-Marine pilot Manuel Rivera Jr., who died Tuesday when his jet crashed during training in the Mideast. (page 17 CH) LEXIS® ® NEXIS® ® LEXIS® ® NEXIS ® Services of Mead Data Central PAGE 5 36TH STORY of Level 1 printed in FULL format. Copyright (c) 1991 The New York Times Company The New York Times January 28, 1991, Monday, Late Edition - Final SECTION: Section B; Page 1; Column 2; Metropolitan Desk LENGTH: 978 words HEADLINE: Bronx Mourns First Death From Gulf War BYLINE: By LISA W. FODERARO BODY: At St. Anselm's Church in the South Bronx, hundreds gathered yesterday to mourn the war made real. For friends and neighbors of Capt. Manuel Rivera Jr., a 31-year-old Marine pilot from the parish who last week became the first New York City fatality of the Persian Gulf war, his death brought television images and Pentagon briefings home and layered doubts and anger on top of their pride. "You think of war as being so far away, but now somebody in your own building dies and your neighbors suffer," said Nilda Carrasquillo, 31, a city social worker. "When you talk to your kids about the war, you say, 'Don't worry, you won't be affected.' You can't say that anymore." Jose Martinez, a 41-year-old fisherman, awoke early yesterday to finish his laundry in time for the afternoon memorial service for Captain Rivera, who died on Tuesday when his Harrier jet crashed during a training run over the gulf. Pushing a wire basket of clothes across the asphalt paths connecting the towers of the John Adams Houses, where Captain Rivera grew up, Mr. Martinez paused to consider the impact of the pilot's death on his own estimation of the war. 'Maybe We Should Have Waited' "At first I was gung-ho because I didn't think a country like ours should be pushed around by a dust-spot of a nation," said Mr. Martinez, whose eldest son is in the Navy, stationed on an aircraft carrier in the gulf. "Now I think maybe sanctions would have worked. Maybe we should have waited a little longer." In the Romanesque church on Tinton Avenue, Captain Rivera was remembered as a proud son of the South Bronx, a young man who beat the odds handed out by his fierce, faceless neighborhood of public housing to become a pilot in the United States Marine Corps. Among the more than 500 people who pinned swatches of yellow ribbon to their coat lapels before filling the pews in the Roman Catholic church yesterday were friends, relatives, politicians, Vietnam veterans and strangers. The words of support for the troops in the gulf and praise for the pilot's sacrifice were tinged with resentment. "There are too many from the Bronx," the Bronx Borough President, Fernando Ferrer, said of the soldiers in the Persian Gulf force. "Too many from the South Bronx and from all the Bronxes of this land." LEXIS® NEXIS® LEXIS® NEXIS ® Services of Mead Data Central PAGE 6 (c) 1991 The New York Times, January 28, 1991 Representative Jose E. Serrano said his "pain and sadness" were mingled with anger -- "anger at myself, because perhaps I didn't do enough to stop this war from happening." Like many teen-agers who grow up in parts of the United States where educational and job opportunities are few, Captain Rivera looked to the military as a ladder out of urban decay. At one point during the service yesterday, a nun read off at least 50 names of men and women now on active duty in the Persian Gulf from parishes across the South Bronx. Captain Rivera came of age in the John Adams Houses, a tan brick public housing complex in the Melrose section of the Bronx, a place of rubble-strewn lots and haggard trees that hardly evokes community. But even those who did not know him personally said they certainly knew of him. "Considering the area, his family had that great desire to make something out of him," said Mrs. Carrasquillo, a community advocate with the New York City Department of Health who lives in the same building as Captain Rivera's parents. 'He Became Someone' "Manny was a hero of this community," said Mr. Ferrer. "He became someone, as we say. No matter what your individual feeling on this war is, you're all in it when one of our friends is lost. We all hurt.' Mr. Ferrer also read letters of support and consolation from Mayor David N. Dinkins and Gov. Mario M. Cuomo. Members of the congregation seemed bound by a spirit of unity as they all joined hands and raised their arms high while singing the Lord's Prayer. Outside the church, young men fervently debated the worthiness of the cause that brought American forces to the gulf. Older residents expressed a fear of terrorism, and some cast the conflict in apocalyptic terms drawn directly from the Bible. The greatest fear, however, seemed to be that the war could take longer, and claim more lives, than people had first believed. "Already it's taken too long," said Rory Turner, 20, a cook. "We're in our third week, and now they say it's going to take months." 'A Man From the East' Halbert Tyler, a 20-year-old maintenance worker, said he thought Armageddon had begun. "It's in the Bible that a man from the East will bring the world to destruction," he said. Those with painful memories of Vietnam -- like Daniel Guilfuchi, 39, a building superintendent from the South Bronx who lost two brothers in that war -- said they were not enthusiastic about early reports from the Persian Gulf. 'Going to Be Like Vietnam' "You don't give the enemy a chance to dig in and then try to dig them out," said Mr. Guilfuchi, wearing a camouflage jacket and a diamond chip in one ear. "I think this is going to be like Vietnam." LEXIS® NEXIS® LEXIS® ® NEXIS® ® Services of Mead Data Central PAGE 7 (c) 1991 The New York Times, January 28, 1991 And there were war-borne anxieties in an area where pedestrians worry about getting caught in the crossfire of drug dealers and in a city where crime has become a way of life. "I take the train to work everyday, and now I have to fear not only being mugged but some kind of terrorist retaliation," Mr. Martinez said. But others were unflinching in their support for President Bush and the American involvement in the war, and said Captain Rivera's death did not make them waver. "America has to do what they have to do," said Linda Torres, 25, an acquaintance of Captain Rivera, before entering the church. "I feel the war should go on until they finish Hussein," agreed Gonzalo Roig, 66, who estimated that slightly more than half of his neighborhood backed the American role in the war. "We've got a good Army, and we're going to win." GRAPHIC: Photos: Hundreds of friends and neighbors gathered yesterday at St. Anselm's Church in the South Bronx to mourn the death of Capt. Manuel Rivera Jr., a Marine pilot from the parish who was the first New York City fatality of the Persian Gulf war. (pg. B1); Bishop Francisco Garmendia handing the parents of Capt. Manuel Rivera Jr. a letter from John Cardinal O'Connor, who sent his sympathy and regrets that he could not attend their son's memorial Mass yesterday. (pg. B3) (Ruby Washington/The New York Times) SUBJECT: UNITED STATES ARMAMENT AND DEFENSE; MILITARY PERSONNEL; PERSIAN GULF WAR ORGANIZATION: ST ANSELM'S CHURCH (NYC) NAME: RIVERA, MAUEL JR (CAPT); FODERARO, LISA W GEOGRAPHIC: MIDDLE EAST; KUWAIT; SAUDI ARABIA; NEW YORK CITY; SOUTH BRONX (NYC); IRAQ LEXIS® ® NEXIS® LEXIS® NEXIS ® Services of Mead Data Central PAGE 8 37TH STORY of Level 1 printed in FULL format. Proprietary to the United Press International 1991 January 27, 1991, Sunday, BC cycle SECTION: Regional News DISTRIBUTION: New York Metro, New Jersey LENGTH: 585 words HEADLINE: Marine pilot memorialized as neighborhood, national hero BYLINE: BY WILLIAM M. REILLY DATELINE: NEW YORK KEYWORD: NY-RIVERA BODY: Political and religious leaders Sunday heralded the bravery of a Marine jet fighter pilot who became the city's first soldier killed in the Persian Gulf War. At a colorful memorial mass celebrated at St. Anselms' Church in the South Bronx, Capt. Manuel Rivera Jr., 31, who grew up in the John Adams Houses adjacent to the church, was praised as both a neighborhood and national hero and role model, ''whether he knew it or not. ''He became someone, as we say,'' Bronx Borough President Fernando Ferrer said at the mass in the neo-Byzantine church, decorated with yellow flowers and ribbons. ''The neighborhood knew him. He had become a role model, whether he knew it or not. Manny was a hero of this country,' Ferrer said. The pilot of a British-made Herrier jet crashed into the Persian Gulf last Tuesday before his craft ever made it back to the USS Nassau. An exact cause of the crash was not released by the Pentagon, but it did not appear to have been a direct result of action in the Gulf. A letter from Cardinal John 0' Connor, and those from Gov. Mario Cuomo and Mayor David Dinkins also were read in the packed 600-seat church. ''He saw a need, a must, to defend his country, to defend the United States,' said Bishop Francisco Garmendia, vicar of the South Bronx. ''He dreamed to fly and fly he got to. 'There's no love as big as the one who gives his life.'' The colorful ceremony honoring the pilot included readings of the liturgy by his sisters, Lydia, 30, and Elsie, 25; a military color guard, and songs by two choirs --- one comprised mainly of children who sang traditional hymns, and another by young adults who sang gospel- style. LEXIS® ® NEXIS® ® LEXIS® ® NEXIS® Services of Mead Data Central PAGE 9 Proprietary to the United Press International, January 27, 1991 Sprinkled throughout the congregation were men wearing the uniforms of the armed services and various city police. Lydia Rivera read a list of about 70 names of young men from the South Bronx parish who are serving in the Middle East, according to Clint Roswell, a spokesman for Ferrer. Ferrer said the neighborhood ''will be known the world over as the one that gave it a hero. ''You can take great pride that Manuel took distinction in serving,'' said a letter read from Dinkins. ''Your son was among the best and brightest in the city. Cuomo also added that Rivera's death caused him ''pain.'' ''He reached for the stars, and touched our hearts,' Cuomo's letter said. 'His life was a brilliant example to follow.' State Assemblyman Jose Serrano, D-Bronx, said the death of the Marine pilot caused him some anger as well. anger perhaps because I didn't do enough to stop it (the war) from happening. But now that it is on, we must support our men,'' Serrano said. The Rivera family, who sat together in the church's first row, said they want to establish a scholarship for poor neighborhood youth. They also invited families of others serving in the Middle East to a small reception afterwards. Born in New York City, Rivera attended Aviation High School in Queens, and Dowling College for Aeronautics on Long Island before joining the Marine Corps. His father, Manuel, served in the Marine Corps in Vietnam. 'He loved to fly ever since he was a child,'' Elsie Rivera recalled last week. 'That was a dream and he fulfilled it. My brother served his country and he served it well. The pilot was a member of the Marine Attack Squadron VMA-331, one of three Harrier Squadrons from Cherry Point Marine Corps Air Station in Havelock, N.C. LEXIS® ® NEXIS® LEXIS® ® NEXIS® ® Services of Mead Data Central PAGE 10 33RD STORY of Level 1 printed in FULL format. Proprietary to the United Press International 1991 January 31, 1991, Thursday, BC cycle SECTION: Regional News DISTRIBUTION: New York Metro, New Jersey LENGTH: 425 words HEADLINE: First New Yorker killed in gulf hosilities buried BYLINE: BY WILLIAM M. REILLY DATELINE: NEW YORK KEYWORD: GULF-RIVERA BODY: The first New Yorker killed since Gulf hostilities began was one of the 'best and brightest (who) overcame the challenges of growing up in the South Bronx,' said Mayor David Dinkins Thursday at the funeral mass for Capt. Manuel Rivera Jr. The 31-year old pilot of a Harrier vertical take off and landing jet from the USS Nassau failed to make it back to the ship Jan. 22 and plunged into the Persian Gulf. The crash was not believed a direct result of hostilities. An exact cause was not released. The Roman Catholic vicar of the South Bronx, Bishop Francisco Garmendia said the mass, attended by Dinkins, City Council President Andrew Stein, Bronx Borough President Fernando Ferrer and state Assemblyman Jose Ferrer. A gray, flag-draped casket was carried under another American flag stretched across the main portico of St. Anselm's neo-Byzantine church on Tinton Avenue and tied in place with yellow ribbons. Six tall Marines in dress uniforms bore the heavy burden. 'Amazing Grace,' skirled from one of the Housing Police pipers and a DC-9 taking off from LaGuardia Airport roared overhead. Hundreds of mourners, most wearing yellow ribbons and mainly residents of the adjacent John Adams Houses, shuffled into the church. Rivera's parents, Manuel and Teresa and three sisters, Lydia, Elsie and Christine, live in the same projects from which scores of residents peered. When Garmendia had finished the mass, Dinkins, sitting in a front pew across the aisle from the family, the casket separating them, doffed his black coat and mounted the steps of the flower bedecked-sanctuary. Himself a former Marine, Dinkins said, 'Captain Rivera was truly one of our city's best and brightest. We have all lost a son and a brother. LEXIS® NEXIS® LEXIS® NEXIS® Services of Mead Data Central PAGE 11 Proprietary to the United Press International, January 31, 1991 Manuel Rivera Jr. overcame the challenges of growing up in the south Bronx, and he went on to succeed in one of the most difficult tasks of all - to serve as a Marine. The Mayor also pointed out Rivera's father was a Marine, a veteran of ''the jungles of Vietnam,' and that another ''minority group member who grew up in the south Bronx, served in Vietnam,' Gen. Colin Powell, chairman of the joint Chiefs of Staff, and who came from nearby Kelly street. When the services were over the bagpipes skirled ''The Minstrel Boy,'' an old off-to-fight-the-war air, as a cold northwesterly wind whipped through the crowd. Then the hearse, led by a motorcycle escort, headed for Calverton National Cemetery on Long Island, where Rivera was laid to rest. LEXIS® ® NEXIS® ® LEXIS® NEXIS® Services of Mead Data Central PAGE 12 34TH STORY of Level 1 printed in FULL format. Copyright (c) 1991 Newsday, Inc.; Newsday January 28, 1991, Monday, CITY EDITION SECTION: NEWS; THE GULF WAR; Pg. 6 LENGTH: 592 words HEADLINE: Bronx War Casualty Eulogized as Hero BYLINE: By Rose Marie Arce. STAFF WRITER KEYWORD: JUAN DEJESUS; FUNERAL; WAR; CASUALTIES; PERSIAN GULF WAR; IRAQ; WAR; BRONX; MARINES; UNITED STATES; ACCIDENT; AIRPLANE; TRAINING; HERO BODY: A Marine pilot who became the state's first casualty since fighting began in the Persian Gulf war was mourned yesterday by more than 1,000 people, many of whom had watched him grow up on the streets of the South Bronx with dreams of flying a plane. Capt. Manuel Rivera, 31, died last week when his Harrier jet crashed during a training exercise in the gulf, one of the first fatalities of Operation Desert Storm. His body is scheduled to be returned this week. "At this moment we are just so frustrated because we want to know exactly how he died," said Lydia Rivera, the captain's sister. She said the Marines have not fully explained how her brother's plane crashed. "There is no bigger love than the love of one who gives his life," Bishop Francisco Garmendia, auxiliary Roman Catholic bishop for the South Bronx, told tearful mourners inside St. Anselm's Roman Catholic Church, the Rivera family's parish. Tiny yellow ribbons were pinned to mourners' clothing, and many of the people in the church sat with their hands clasping rosaries or pictures of other soldiers. "He lost his life 50 that you and I can enjoy the freedom of this country," Garmendia said. As Rivera's parents and three sisters wept, Garmendia spoke of the dozens of young men and women and the "thousands of rosaries" the South Bronx has sent to the war. He recalled Rivera's deep roots in the community. Rivera attended mass at St. Anselm's from the time he was young. His mother works at the St. Anselm's school cafeteria. His three sisters - a police officer, a nurse and a student - attend mass regularly. He was affectionate and bright, Garmendia said, and he always dreamed of flying. Ten years ago, Rivera joined the Marines. He was last stationed at Cherry Point Marine Corps Air Station in Havelock, N.C., and was a member of a Marine attack squadron. LEXIS® NEXIS® LEXIS® ® NEXIS ® Services of Mead Data Central PAGE 13 (c) 1991 Newsday, January 28, 1991 A stream of Vietnam War veterans dressed in uniform lined the aisles as people prayed. The funeral mass focused on the example of Jesus Christ as someone who gave his life for peace. Prayers were said for the nation's leaders and for the safety of the soldiers. A long list of names of South Bronx residents they knew who are fighting in the gulf was read. "A lot of youngsters in the South Bronx join the military because there is nothing else for them to do," Frank Arce, a Vietnam War veteran, said after the service. And there were messages from politicians. "No matter what your individual feelings about this war, we're all in it when one of us is lost," said Fernando Ferrar, the Bronx borough president. Rep. Jose Serrano (D-Bronx) said afterward that speaking at Rivera's funeral was the hardest speech in his 20 years as a public servant. Serrano, who voted against the congressional resolution authorizing the president to use military force in the gulf, said, "I raised my voice to say no [to U.S. involvement], but I couldn't stop it." Serrano pledged to continue his opposition to the war. The shaken family, who said they still support the war, later gathered with friends to talk about their son and offer words of gratitude to the hundreds of parents of soldiers who had attended the service. As they left, Candy Quinones ran up to the family and handed them the picture of her son, Staff Sgt. Raymond Quinones, who she said had met Rivera when they were in Arizona, training to fly. "This is my son," Quinones said, and began to weep. "He kept all of your son's flight records." The family exchanged hugs, phone numbers, addresses and their prayers that the war may end soon. GRAPHIC: Newsday Photo by Susan Farley-Juan DeJesus, of the Army's 42nd Infantry, and his wife, Esther, in balcony at Capt. Manuel Rivera's services. LEXIS® NEXIS® ® LEXIS® NEXIS® Services of Mead Data Central PAGE 14 32ND STORY of Level 1 printed in FULL format. Copyright (c) 1991 Newsday, Inc.; Newsday January 31, 1991, Thursday, CITY EDITION SECTION: NEWS; THE GULF WAR; Pg. 18 LENGTH: 634 words HEADLINE: THE NEW YORK DIARY; Daring to Dream, He Died in a Desert BYLINE: Dennis Duggan KEYWORD: COLUMN; PERSIAN GULF WAR; MANUEL RIVERA JR; BRONX; MILITARY PERSONNEL; ACCIDENT; TRAINING; AIRPLANE; MARINE; DEATH BODY: Yesterday morning, Manuel Rivera, 54, father of the first New York City fatality of the Persian Gulf war, wore the Marine aviator's jacket his son had given him as a gift several months ago. In the lobby of the sprawling housing project in the South Bronx, he silently motioned a visitor into an elevator. No words were spoken. He knocked on a door, waved the visitor inside and then slumped into a chair in the corner of the living room. When death pays an unwelcome visit, there is not much left to say. It was in this South Bronx apartment house that Manuel Rivera Jr., who crashed last week during a training exercise, grew to manhood. He was everybody's hero, tall, slim and athletic. In a part of the city where drugs and homicides were commonplace, he went to church every Sunday, studied hard and at age 31 had become a Marine Corps captain. He was not only a son to his parents Manuel and Teresa, 51, but a friend and companion as well. His sister Elsie, 25, a nurse at Parkchester Hospital showed me his last postcard. On it he had written to his mother, "I love and miss you very much. I will call again as soon as I pull into port again." "Manny," as he was called by friends and neighbors, went to IS 162 a few blocks away and excelled in math according to the principal, Joel Sklar. He went on to Aviation High School in Long Island City, Queens, with Ralph Alvarez who became his closest friend and who said from his job at a pharmacy in the Bronx yesterday, "I am devastated." Rivera joined the Marine Corps 10 years ago and flew everything from choppers to jets. He was flying a Harrier jet when he crashed in the desert. He was a remarkable young man by all accounts. A scholarship will be named for him at Aviation High School, the students at IS 162 will honor him at an assembly soon, and there are plans to name the school library after him. The parks department will name a nearby park after him. But this is all a grieving neighborhood can do for a fallen hero, a citywide handball champion who loved to dance and sing and whose sense of humor caused his sister Elsie to laugh out loud as she remembered his pranks. LEXIS® NEXIS® LEXIS® NEXIS® Services of Mead Data Central PAGE 15 (c) 1991 Newsday, January 31, 1991 She fingered through an album of photos of her brother in the cockpit of a jet or sitting on his bunk. She showed some of the model planes he had built that hung from the ceiling of the three-bedroom apartment where the family has lived for the past 20 years. "It's a tragedy," she said. "But Manny had no reservations about what he was doing, and 50 neither do we." She also recalled his athletic ability. "He was so good at handball he played with his shoelaces tied together. Or with one arm. Sometimes he played against two people." At a nearby playground friends remembered him with pride and sadness. They know this war will destroy many of this nation's "Top Guns," and for Evelyn Jiraud, who married a friend of Manny's, there was a cruel irony in that fact. "Look at the scum out here and you have to wonder why they aren't out in the desert dying. Manny was a real role model for all of us. He was loved by everyone." At a wake on Westchester Avenue later, the young man whose dreams came true lay in a flag-covered casket guarded by two marines. In another room, his all-too-short life was shown by the many trophies he had won, including a flag that bore the inscription: "Manny Rivera Jr. Born to Fly." And in Congress yesterday, Rep. Jose Serrano (D-Bronx) who voted against the war, wondered at the waste of a young man whose father had fought in Vietnam. "He dreamed of flying to the stars and planned to apply for admission to NASA as an astronaut," said Serrano. He will never fly among those stars. He will be be placed in a grave and his casket covered with dirt in a Long Island cemetery tomorrow. War is not for dreamers. GRAPHIC: PHOTO-Marine Capt. Manuel Rivera Jr. of the Bronx in his flight uniform. LEXIS® ® NEXIS® LEXIS® NEXIS® Services of Mead Data Central PAGE 16 28TH STORY of Level 1 printed in FULL format. Copyright (c) 1991 Newsday, Inc.; Newsday February 1, 1991, Friday, CITY EDITION SECTION: NEWS; THE GULF WAR; Pg. 7 LENGTH: 494 words HEADLINE: Day of Anguish and Pride; Bronx family buries flier killed in gulf BYLINE: By Rose Marie Arce. STAFF WRITER. Alex Martin contributed to this story. KEYWORD: FUNERAL; MANUEL RIVERA JR; PERSIAN GULF WAR; CASUALTIES; WAR; DEATH; FIRST BODY: Military jets roared above the casket of Marine flyer Manuel Rivera Jr., the first New Yorker killed since the Persian Gulf war began. Cries of anguish pierced the frosty air. Rivera's mother, Theresa, clutched at the flag atop her son's gray coffin. His father, Manuel Rivera Sr., a Marine veteran himself, hugged his three grieving daughters and wept. The traditional 21-gun salute and the long, low moan of taps sounded, and then a final Marine salute was given before Capt. Rivera's body was placed in its military grave at Calverton National Cemetery in Calverton, L.I. The 31-year-old pilot was killed last week when his Harrier jet crashed in Saudi Arabia in a training maneuver as part of Operation Desert Storm. On Tuesday, 11 other marines were killed in ground combat, including Cpl. Ismael Cotto, 27, of the Bronx. "The death of Captain Manuel Rivera Junior brought home to us the almost unbearable costs of war," Mayor David N. Dinkins told those gathered inside St. Anselm's Roman Catholic Church in the Bronx, where Rivera was raised. More than 1,000 mourners, some wearing yellow ribbons and clutching tiny American flags, heard Dinkins speak of a man who sprang from the blighted South Bronx streets. = Manuel Rivera Junior overcame the challenges of growing up in the South Bronx and went on to succeed in one of the most difficult tasks of all - to serve the United States of America as a Marine," said Dinkins, himself a former Marine. Young Rivera, a choir boy and top athlete, had always dreamed of flying planes. His sisters say his model planes are still dangling from the ceiling of his room. He attended Aviation High School in Long Island City, studied aeronautics at Dowling College in Oakdale, L.I., joined the Marines and received his wings in 1985. LEXIS® NEXIS® LEXIS® NEXIS® Services of Mead Data Central PAGE 17 (c) 1991 Newsday, February 1, 1991 His cousin Carlos Mirabel, 17, remembers Rivera's father telling his son the story of how he was wounded during the Vietnam War, recalling each time the pain of being the only member of his platoon to survive the mission. "This is especially hard for him to lose his only son this way," Carlos said. "We are all hurting, even though we are so proud." The pilot's three younger sisters bundled up their anguished parents yesterday against the cold as the family left the service. The father was nearly carried up and down the steps of the church, and when the coffin was finally taken out of the church, he nearly collapsed. At the afternoon funeral, family pride was the subject of remarks made by Bishop Francisco Garmendia, auxiliary Roman Catholic bishop for the South Bronx. "He made the stars in the flag shine brighter for us all," Garmendia said in Spanish. As he spoke, sunshine lit the altar at the front of the church and bathed the flag-draped coffin. Then it was time for the long drive to Calverton, where they would bury Manny Jr. "You go in the car behind the hearse," a priest directed, as tears fell from Manuel Sr. eyes. "God will be with Manny." GRAPHIC: 1) Newsday Photo by Viorel Florescu-A marine honor guard carries the casket of Capt. Manuel Rivera Jr. yesterday after his funeral in the Bronx. 21 Photo- Manuel Rivera Jr. LEXIS® NEXIS® LEXIS® NEXIS

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Hispanic Alliance for Free Trade 3/9/91 [OA 6856]

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