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Originally Processed With FOIA(s): FOIA Number: S S FOIA MARKER This is not a textual record. This is used as an administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential Library Staff. Record Group/Collection: George H.W. Bush Presidential Records Collection/Office of Origin: Speechwriting, White House Office of Series: Speech File Backup Files Subseries: Chron File, 1989-1993 OA/ID Number: 13756 Folder ID Number: 13756-001 Folder Title: Princeton University 5/10/91 [OA 8323] [1] Stack: Row: Section: Shelf: Position: G 26 21 4 2 CHAIRMAN JERRY LEWIS, M.C. House Republican 35TH DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA VICE CHAIRMAN BILL McCOLLUM, M.C. **** 5TH DISTRICT, FLORIDA Conference SECRETARY VIN WEBER, M.C. 2ND DISTRICT, MINNESOTA ROOM 1618 LONGWORTH HOUSE OFFICE BUILDING WASHINGTON, D.C. 20515 202-225-5107 FAX 225-0809 B. ROBERT OKUN EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR 5-1-91 To: CArol Blymire From: Dave RAmey Re: Congress's expansion / hope the enclosed Are useful. / suggest that you discuss this with Don Wolfansberger, the Republican Chiefof Stnff on the Rules Committee. He is An expert on the subject. He's At 225-9191 Please let me know when the speech will be MAde. Good Luck. : ... CRS Congressional Research Service The Library. of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540 Congressional Office Operations IP 151C The enclosed reports have been prepared by the Congressional Research Service to assist the Members of Congress and their staffs in the organization of their congressional offices. Information is included on office management and constituent services. Members of Congress who want further information on this topic may contact CRS at 7-5700. Additional CRS Reports may be identified by looking in the current Guide to CRS Products (for congressional use only) under "Congress--Members and Offices" and in the latest Update under "Government and Politics." Constituents may find additional information on this topic in a local library through the use of Readers' Guide to Periodical Literature, Public Affairs Information Service Bulletin (PAIS), and various newspaper indexes. Books on this subject may be identified through the library's catalog or the most recent edition of Subject Guide to Books in Print. We hope this information will be helpful. Congressional Reference Division 420 PREJUDICE THE PRESIDENCY / PRESIDENTS 421 There are few liberals who have not a well-furnished Deep-rooted prejudices entertained by the whites; ten compartment of race prejudice, even if it is usually sup- thousand recollections by the blacks of the injuries they pressed. -Gunnar Myrdal have sustained will divide us into parties, and will probably never end but in the extermination of ... the Everyone is a prisoner of his own experiences. No one can one or the other race. eliminate prejudices-just recognize them. -Edward R. Murrow -Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) South. I am bigoted enough to believe in white supremacy in the -George Deatherage There are only two ways to be quite unprejudiced and impartial. One is to be completely ignorant. The other is to be completely indifferent. Bias and prejudice are atti- I deplore the fact that throughout the South today sub- tudes to be kept in hand, not attitudes to be avoided. versive elements are attempting to convince the Negro that -Charles P. Curtis he should be placed on social equality with white people. -Martin Dies One may no more live in the world without picking up the moral prejudices of the world than one will be able to Given a thimbleful of facts we rush to make generaliza- -H. L. Mencken tions as large as a tub. go to hell without perspiring. -Gordon W. Allport Prejudice not being founded on reason cannot be removed THE PRESIDENCY / PRESIDENTS by argument. -Samuel Johnson (1709-1784) In the matter of therapy, humanity is in the highest degree would therefore have given more power to the President irrational, so that there is no prospect of influencing it by and less to the Senate. You are apprehensive of monarchy; I, of aristocracy. ]cetn reasonable arguments Against prejudice one can do -John Adams (1735-1826), to Thomas Jefferson nothing. -Sigmund Freud I should like to be known as a former President who minded his own business. -Calvin Coolidge Ignorance is less remote from truth than prejudice. Nothing is easier than spending public money. It does not -Denis Diderot (1713-1784) appear to belong to anybody. The temptation is over- The people who are the most bigoted are the people who whelming to bestow it on somebody. ]seth have no convictions at all. -G. Chesterton -Calvin Coolidge Politics should be the part-time profession of every citizen. -Dwight D. Eisenhower It is time to turn from quarrels and to build our White (The President of today is the postage stamp of tomorrow.) ramparts again. The alliance with foreign races means nothing but death for us. -Charles A. Lindbergh, Jr. Once upon a time my political opponents honored me as possessing the fabulous intellectual and economic power The chief cause of human errors is to be found in the by which I created a world-wide depression all by myself. prejudices picked up in childhood. -Herbert Hoover -René Descartes (1596-1650) The destruction of our State governments or the an- nihilation of their control over the local concerns of the IP 339C (GO) Congressional Research Service N 81/2-13, Washington, D.C. 20540 The Library 2,4,5,6 of Congress CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT: AN OVERVIEW OF KEY ELEMENTS DRAWN FROM THE AMERICAN EXPERIENCE Walter J. Oleszek Specialist in American National Government Government Division January 6, 1986 CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT: AN OVERVIEW OF KEY ELEMENTS DRAWN FROM THE AMERICAN EXPERIENCE "What is a constitution?" asked Supreme Court Justice William Patterson in a 1795 court opinion. "It is a form of government," he said, "delineated by the mighty hand of the people, in which certain first principles of fundamental law are established." 1/ The objective of this brief report is to describe some of these "first principles" through the prism of the American experience. The principles to be examined include limited government, separation of powers, checks and balances, federalism, and a bill of rights. 2/ Before embarking on this assignment, it is worth recounting at least three conditions that permeate democratic constitutional systems. First, the constitutions of free societies reflect the basic values, ideas, experiences, and political roots of the body politic. The Framers of the U.S. Constitution, for instance, drew heavily on English law, a huge body of thought that was part of the intellectual environment of the time, and their practical experiences with colonial governments, state constitutions, and the Articles of Confederation. Notions such as personal and property rights, for example, were basic to the civic consciousness. 1/ Cited in Congressional Record, Daily Edition, V. 131, Sept. 24, 1985, P. S1T987. 2/ There are nations, notably Great Britain and Israel, with unwritten constitutions. Although they have no single document labeled a "constitution," their fundamental governing principles are recorded in numerous other sources, such as the 1215 Magna Charta in the case of Great Britain. CRS-2 By comparison, there are authoritarian regimes with written constitutions that articulate admirable political values. These "showcase" constitutions, however, mask stark realities. The Soviet Constitution, for example, provides for freedom of the press, of meetings, demonstrations, and speech, but Article 126 of their constitution makes these freedoms contingent upon their being used "in accordance with the interests of the toilers and with the aim of strengthening the Socialist order." 3/ The "interest of the toilers," however, is determined by the Communist Party and is not derived from broad-based public debate and petition. Or as a political joke told in the Soviet Union reveals: What is the difference between the Soviet Constitution and the American Constitution? The Soviet Constitution guarantees freedom of speech and freedom of gathering. The American Constitution guarantees freedom after speech and freedom after gathering. 4/ Another condition associated with "constitutionalism" is informal change. More than written words define a nation's fundamental law. "Living" constitutions, in brief, evolve in response to changing conditions, different interpretations of the document's meaning and intent, and simply day-to-day developments in governing practice. The U.S. Constitution, for example, refers neither to political parties, congressional committees, nor the president's cabinet. Yet each are important extraconstitutional developments. As Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes wrote in Missouri V. Holland (252 U.S. 416, 1920): (W)hen we are dealing with words that also are a constituent act, like the Constitution of the United States, we must realize that they have called into life a being the development of which could 3/ Nove, Alec. The Constitution, Governmental Organization, and Political Practice. In Inkeles, Alex and Kent Geiger, eds. Soviet Society, A Book of Readings. Boston, Houghton Mifflin Co., 1961. p. 174. 4/ Wall Street Journal. Nov. 21, 1983. p. 14. CRS-3 not have been foreseen completely by the most gifted of its begetters. It was enough for them to realize or to hope that they had created an organism; it has taken a century and has cost their successors much sweat and blood to prove that they created a nation. The brevity and generality of the U.S. Constitution facilitated adaptation of its phrases to changing times and events. Finally, constitutions are generally intended to reflect the popular will and to outline the framework and functions of government. They cannot eliminate divisions and pressures inherent in society. Nor can they guarantee that governmental principles will withstand serious domestic or international challenges. Instead, constitutions secure individual rights and liberties in the hope that the free interplay of ideas within democratic procedures will enable governing systems to resolve future problems. These procedures include such notions as free and frequent elections, guarantees for public participation in government, and protections for governmental critics, such as opposition parties. Principles of Constitutional Government Limited Government. Constitutions are basically created to limit the authority of the central government so that "rulers may not arbitrarily do whatever they please, whenever and however they please." 5/ Constitutions, however, frequently speak of the powers accorded the national government (to coin money, levy taxes, raise armies, and so forth) rather than limitations. Interpretations of constitutions can also enhance governmental 5/ Diamond, Martin. The Founding of the Democratic Republic. Itasca, Ill., F. E. Peacock Publishers, Inc., 1981. p. 98. CRS-4 authority. As Chief Justice John Marshall wrote in the landmark 1819 case of McCulloch V. Maryland (4 Wheat. 316), which dealt with the authority of Congress to establish a national bank: Let the end be legitimate, let it be within the scope of the Constitution, and all means which are appropriate, which are plainly adapted to that end, which are not prohibited, but consist with the letter and spirit of the Constitution, are constitutional. Which ends are "legitimate" often depends on whether the interpreter holds a broad or narrow view of the appropriate scope of governmental power. Suffice it to say that constitutional evolution in the United States reveals significant expansions in the national government's size and reach. Wars, economic depressions, and public demand were among the factors that contributed to governmental growth. Still, the Framers understood that constitutional arrangements and structures could restrain the arbitrary exercise of governmental authority either by majorities or by minorities. Limitation of government could be achieved by dividing power among three branches of government and between the nation and states. The division of power assured both policy conflicts and cooperation because it made officials in the several branches responsive to different constituencies, responsibilities, and perceptions of the public welfare. The Framers believed that the "accumulation of all powers, legislative, executive, and judiciary, in the same hands may justly be pronounced the very definition of tyranny." 6/ As people of practical experience, they had witnessed firsthand the abuses of King George III and his royal 6/ Ford, Paul L., ed. The Federalist, A Commentary on the Constitution of the United States by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay. New York, Henry Holt and Co., 1898. p. 319. CRS-5 governors. They also wanted to avoid the possible "elective despotism" of their own State legislatures. 7/ Wary of excessive authority in any branch of government, the Framers stressed such concepts as separation of powers and checks and balances. Separation of Powers. The Framers combined their practical experience with a theoretical outlook and established three independent branches of national government, none having a monopoly of governing power. It is interesting to note that the Constitution does not explicitly make reference to the "separation of powers." Instead, its functional equivalent is found in provisions that "All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States," that "The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America," and that "The judicial Power of the United States shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish." The Framers held a strong bias in favor of lawmaking by representative assemblies, and so viewed Congress as the prime national policymaker. The Constitution names Congress the first branch of government, assigns it all legislative power, and grants it explicit powers and implied responsibilities through the so-called "elastic clause" (Section 8 of Article I). This clause empowers Congress to make "all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution" its enumerated or specific powers. In sharp contrast, Articles II and III, creating the executive and judicial branches, describe only briefly the framework and duties of these governmental units. Although separation of powers implies that Congress "enacts" the laws, 7/ Jefferson, Thomas. Notes on Virginia. In Mason, Alpheus Thomas, ed. Free Government in the Making. New York, Oxford University Press, 1965. p. 164. CRS-6 the president "executes" them, and the Supreme Court "interprets" them, such a rigid division of labor was not intended by the Framers. The Constitution, in short, creates a system, not of separate institutions performing separate functions, but of separate institutions sharing functions. The Framers did grant certain unique responsibilities to each branch and ensured their separateness by, for example, prohibiting any officer from serving in more than one branch simultaneously. Jurists, scholars, and political commentators differ over the fundamental intent of the separation of powers system. Some have argued that its ultimate purpose is to prevent the arbitrary exercise of power. Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis is frequently credited with popularizing this theme in a 1926 decision (Myers V. United States, 272 U.S. 53, 293). "The doctrine of the separation of powers," he wrote, "was adopted by the Convention of 1787, not to promote efficiency but to preclude the exercise of arbitrary power." Others challenge the singular emphasis of Brandeis. They argue that the Framers, mindful of the inefficiencies of the Articles of Confederation, wanted both an efficient government and one that protected individual liberties. 8/ As Supreme Court Justice Robert Jackson remarked in a 1952 case (Youngstown Co. V. Sawyer, 343 U.S. 579, 635): "While the Constitution diffuses power the better to secure liberty, it also contemplates that the practice will integrate the dispersed powers into a workable government. It enjoins upon its branches separateness but interdependence, autonomy but reciprocity." Checks and Balances. An essential corollary of separation of powers is checks and balances. The Framers of the Constitution realized that individuals in each branch might seek to aggrandize power at the expense 8/ See Fisher, Louis. The Efficiency Side of Separated Powers. Journal of American Studies, August 1971. pp. 113-131. CRS-7 of the other branches. Inevitably, conflicts would develop. In particular, the Constitution provides an open invitation to struggles for power by Congress and the President. To preserve the separation of powers, the Framers devised a system of checks and balances that mixed the powers of the branches in important areas. As James Madison explained, unless the three branches "be so far connected and blended as to give each a constitutional control over the others, the degree of separation which the maxim requires, as essential to a free government, can never in practice be duly maintained." 9/ The laws Congress passes, for example, may be vetoed by the President. To overturn a Presidential veto, a two-thirds vote is required in each chamber of Congress. Treaties, high-level presidential appointments, and judicial nominations require the approval of the Senate. And decisions and actions of Congress and the President are subject to review by the Federal judiciary. Congress's own legislative power was effectively "checked" by establishing a bicameral body consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate. If parliamentary tradition recommended the two-house formula, the politics of the era commanded it. The larger States preferred the "nationalist" principle of popularly based representation, while the smaller States insisted on a "federal" principle ensuring representation of States. The ultimate settlement, commonly called the Great Compromise, provided for equal representation of states in the Senate and popular election of House members. 10/ 9/ Wright, Benjamin Fletcher, ed. The Federalist. Cambridge, Mass., The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1961. p. 343. 10/ Because the House and Senate differ in fundamental ways-terms of office (two years VS. six years), constituencies (districts VS. states), manner of election (popular election VS. selection by state legislatures until the 1913 ratification of the 17th Amendment providing for popular election of senators), and number of members (in 1985, 435 VS. 100)--the Framers expected the two houses to serve different purposes. The House was to reflect popular opinion and the Senate to promote stability and continuity in policymaking. CRS-8 Bicameralism is perhaps the most conspicuous organizational feature of the U.S. Congress. Each chamber has a distinct process for considering legislation and each determines its own rules of procedure. In addition, the Constitution assigns unique duties to each chamber. The Senate ratifies treaties and approves presidential appointments, as noted earlier. The House must originate all revenue measures. The two houses jealously guard their prerogatives and resist intrusions by "the other body." Despite claims that one or the other chamber is more important, the two houses staunchly defend their equal places. In sum, checks and balances have a dual effect. They encourage cooperation and accommodations among the branches, and they introduce the potential for conflict. And since 1789 Congress and the President have indeed cooperated with each other and protected their own powers. Each branch depends in various ways on the other. Conflicts that occur are resolved most frequently by negotiation, bargaining, and compromise. Federalism. Some scholars believe that the Framers developed a new governing concept--federalism--when they divided political power between the national government and the state governments. "The most remarkable single achievement of the Federal Convention was the invention of modern federalism," wrote Professor Benjamin Wright. 11/ That achievement produced a political system mid-way between confederation (the central government is the agent of the states) and the unitary state (all governing power resides in the central government). The relationship between the States and national government in the United States is not equal. The "supremacy clause" of the Constitution insures that, "This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in 11/ Wright, The Federalist, p. 41. CRS-9 Pursuance Thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land." The clause goes on to add that State judges must uphold the national constitution and national laws "any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding." Still, the boundaries between the two governments are often overlapping (both share the power to tax, for example), subject to change over time (witness the modern growth of the national government), and the source of tension and strife (the Civil War is the most prominent example). The Supreme Court is the arbiter for many of the boundary conflicts that involve the two levels of government, including the scores of local governing units. The Court's decisions, for instance, have required State and local governments to follow national rules and laws in such diverse areas as public education, police procedures, and employment. The Court's role is important because the 10th Amendment to the Constitution, which highlights the federalism principle, is not self-executing. That Amendment, designed to restrict the authority of the national government, states: "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people." In brief, while "the people" delegated enumerated powers to the national government, they reserved an unspecified portion to the States while retaining some residual authority for themselves. Little surprise that the interplay of national and State relations is a pervasive feature of the American political landscape. The terrain is constantly changing as new territorial configurations affect the pattern of relationships among national, state, and local governments. Like the separation of powers, the complexities and clashes inherent in the CRS-10 Federal system are usually worked out through practical accommodations, laws, and day-to-day collaboration in resolving public problems. 12/ Bill of Rights. When the Framers submitted their Constitution to the States for ratification, the document contained no bill of rights--safeguards that limit governmental power and accord individuals protection against capricious governmental actions. The bill of rights is commonly understood to mean the first ten constitutional amendments. The ten were passed by Congress in September 1789 and took effect in two years upon ratification by three-fourths of the States. The Framers did not include a bill of rights in their original plan for two reasons. First, the various States contained these guarantees of basic citizen rights in their constitutions and that was thought to provide sufficient protections for the citizenry. Second, James Wilson, a delegate to the Constitutional Convention, pointed out that his colleagues found a bill of rights "not only unnecessary, but it was found impracticable-for who will be bold enough to enumerate all the rights of the people?--and when the attempt is made it must be remembered that if the enumeration is not complete, everything not expressly mentioned will be presumed to be purposely omitted." 13/ 12/ Whether federalism is practicable in deeply divided societies is a subject of some debate. While States are accorded equal representation and large political power in the United States Senate, some nations might be unable to agree on what should constitute the constituent parts. Scholars have debated the concept of "consociation" for such states. The main components of consociationalism include government by grand coalition, minority veto rights to each member of the coalition, and proportionality in the allocation of political representation, governmental appointments, and money to the separate entities that comprise the nation. Some scholars believe consociational forms can reduce political tensions in segmented societies; others see them as a prescription for deadlock and political strife. See Federalism and Consociationalism: A Symposium. Publius. The Journal of Federalism. Spring 1985. PP. 1-112. 13/ Kelly, Alfred H. and Winfred A. Harbison. The American Constitution, Its Origins and Development. New York, W.W. Norton and Co., 1963. p. 152. CRS-11 When opponents launched attacks against the new plan of government because it lacked a bill of rights, proponents pledged during the ratification fight to win enactment of such guarantees when the new government was launched. That pledge, as noted above, was fulfilled by the First Congress. The States quickly ratified those amendments which, in the main, provide substantive and procedural protections. Substantively, the First Amendment states the fundamental freedoms of speech, press, religion, assembly, and petition for redress of grievances. The First Amendment declares that "Congress shall make no law" abridging these freedoms. The Supreme Court has expanded the applicability of these freedoms to State and local governments as well. Many jurists and scholars believe that the matrix of rights articulated in the First Amendment embraces the fundamental conditions for self-government. These rights are not absolutes, however. As Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes wrote in the 1919 Schenck V. United States case (249 U.S. 47): The most stringent protection of free speech would not protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a theater and causing a panic The question in every case is whether the words used are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature as to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about the substantive evils that Congress has a right to prevent. Procedurally, the Bill of Rights protects individuals from, among other things, arbitrary arrest, searches, and imprisonment. The Fourth Amendment, for example, declares: The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. CRS-12 These procedural protections are not mere "legal technicalities." They are fundamental to the operation of a free society. "The history of liberty," wrote Justice Felix Frankfurter, "has largely been the history of observance of procedural safeguards." 14/ Concluding Observations. There are numerous legacies of American constitu- tional development. One of these is the concept of limited government. The Constitution is filled with implicit and explicit "auxiliary precautions" (Madison's phrase), such as separation of powers, checks and balances, federalism, and a bill of rights, to prevent the concentration of absolute political power in any individual, institution, or group. Another legacy is protection of individual liberties, especially for those who challenge the established power structure, hold unorthodox views, or "belong to a minority religious, racial, political, or cultural group." 15/ A third legacy worth noting is that the Constitution begins with "We the People." In brief, government rests on the consent of the governed, and it is they who are the ultimate source of sovereignty in the polity and give form, shape, and purpose to the representative republic. Since 1787, numerous other nations have employed the constitutional convention model to establish new governments. Perhaps the most important legacy of any constitution is whether it can meet the challenges of each new era. For 200 years the American constitution has survived momentous national and international changes and challenges. The constitutional system's capacity to adapt and adjust to new circumstances through judicial interpretation and other means was noted earlier. Another important explanation for the Constitution's longevity involves the basic 14/ McNabb V. United States, 318 U.S. 332, 347 (1943). 15/ Emerson, Thomas I. The Bill of Rights Today. Public Affairs Pamphlet No. 489. February 1973. p. 3. CRS-13 well-being of the underlying political, social, economic, and cultural fabric of which it is a part. Concepts such as equality of opportunity, public participation in policymaking, and due process of law are embedded in America's political tradition. No single provision of the Constitution nor all combined can guarantee the continued vitality of the political system. As Madison said in 1788: "To suppose that any form of government will secure liberty or happiness without virtue in the people is a chimerical idea." 16/ Or as Woodrow Wilson phrased somewhat the same notion more than one hundred years later: Liberty is not something that can be created by a document; neither is it something which, when created, can be laid away in a document, a completed work. It is an organic principle, --a principle of life, renewing and being renewed. Democratic institutions are never done; they are like living tissue, always a-making. It is a strenuous thing, this living the life of a free people; and our success in it depends upon [appropriate forms of conduct], not upon clever invention. 17/ 16/ Elliot, Jonathan, ed. The Debates of the Several State Constitutional Conventions on the Adoption of the Federal Constitution. Washington, Taylor and Maury. 1836. III. p. 489. 17/ Wilson, Woodrow. Character of Democracy in the United States. The Atlantic Monthly, November 1889. p. 582. WO/mb CRS-35 POLITICAL One area of public relations that no Member can afford to neglect is that dealing with his political party. Although most Members have only limited dealings with their State and national party apparatus, almost every Member is careful not to alienate party personnel--especially those party officials who are responsible for the Member's nomination or renomination, and for marshaling party forces to work for his reelection. Most Members pay a minimal amount of attention to the national party committee. Aside from occasional speaking engagements, there is little need for contact. The party's Congressional Campaign Committee, which supplies funds to House candidates, and the party's Senate Campaign Committee, which supplies funds to Senatorial candidates, is not active except at election time; there is little need for contact with this body at other times. A major political consideration in the House and Senate is a Member's relationship with his colleagues. Great pains are often taken, especially in the Senate, to ensure that political differences do not affect long term working relations. A Member's political function, perhaps more than any other duty, is truly a matter of style. Some Members are naturally extroverted in all surroundings from a neighborhood party to a White House dinner; others are reserved and aloof. The staff must take into account the Member's strengths, desires and moods in scheduling political events. CRS-36 In essence, the political function is an amalgam of all other functions in that each has a political aspect. Each Member of Congress must operate within his or her individual political philosophy, his/her party, his/her State or Congressional District, and within the confines of Congress as well. In the introduction to Congressional Behavior, Nelson Polsby wrote: The puzzles of the election are nothing compared to the mysteries of the congressional community. Congressional behavior is determined more by the contours of this community, and by where congressmen and senators locate themselves and are located with respect to it, than by any other single thing. Who the congressman or senator is, where he comes from, what he stands for, his party, his prior life experiences, his ambitions and hopes, his alliances and enemies, all play a part in locating him, and of course, his location determines what and how much he can do. 20/ 20/ Polsby, Nelson W., ed. Congressional Behavior. New York, Random House, 1971. P. xii. JC/eg 81-116 GOV CRS Report for Congress A Functional Analysis of Congressional Member Office Operations Judy Carlile Analyst in American National Government Government Division May 14, 1981 CRS Congressional Research Service . The Library of Congress The Congressional Research Service works exclusively for the Congress. conducting re- search, analyzing legislation, and providing information at the request of committees, Members, and their staffs. The Service makes such research available, without partisan bias, in many forms includ- ing studies, reports, compilations, digests, and background briefings. Upon request, CRS assists committees in analyzing legislative proposals and issues, and in assessing the possible effects of these proposals and their alternatives. The Service's senior specialists and subject analysts are also available for personal consultations in their respective fields of expertise. ABSTRACT This report presents a general analysis of personal staff functions in a congressional office. Because there is little specific information from Congress and other sources regarding staff job descriptions and because congressional office organization patterns vary significantly, this report focuses on the staff functions that are common to all offices regardless of organizational structure or job title: office management; mail; projects; casework; legislation; scheduling and personal services; press and public relations; and political functions. blank CRS-v CONTENTS ABSTRACT iii INTRODUCTION 1 OFFICE MANAGEMENT 3 MAIL 9 PROJECTS 15 CASEWORK 17 LEGISLATION 23 SCHEDULING AND PERSONAL SERVICES 27 PRESS AND PUBLIC RELATIONS 31 POLITICAL 35 A FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF CONGRESSIONAL MEMBER OFFICE OPERATIONS INTRODUCTION Much of the growing body of literature on congressional staff focuses on committee rather than personal staff personnel. The literature provides little that is systematic or specific about the role, purpose, and function of these personal staff members. Yet, in 1979, there were over three (3.5) times more personal staff than committee staff (10,679 to 3,290); the ratio on the House side was (3.3 to 1; 7,067 personal staff aides compared to 2,073 committee staffers). The ratio on the Senate side was about 3 to 1. (3,612 personal staff persons to 1,217 committee staffers). The few students of political science and public administration who have attempted to study congressional staff organization have been hampered by the lack of specific information from Congress and from other sources. 2/ The lack of job descriptions, the lack of job uniformity, and the variation among offices in the duties of the persons having the same job title contribute to the difficulty in studying the personal staffs of Congress. A review of certain common job titles within the House and Senate illustrates this problem. Most Members have Administrative Assistants who 1/ Malbin, Michael J. Unelected Representatives. New York, Basic Books, 1980. P. 252. 2/ Fox, Harrison W., Jr. and Susan Webb Hammond. Congressional Staffs: the Invisible Force in Lawmaking. New York, The Free Press, 1980. P. 5-6. CRS-2 are usually the most important and influential staff persons. Their duties may include those of staff director, political advisor, and speech writer. Some also play an active role in press relations and project work. But they may share all these duties with other staffers titled Executive Assistant, Personal Secretary, Legislative Aide, and Press Secretary; or they may not. The absence of centralized job descriptions and the autonomy of each Member in structuring, titling, and assigning duties to his or her staff assures this variation in the Congress. This variation is more of an obstacle to the student of Congress than it is the operation of each Senate or House office where it is consistent with the general minimization of institutional guidelines, standards, and regulations. One way to avoid the analytical problem resulting from title variation is to focus on the functions each staff performs rather than the structure (titling) utilized. A difficulty with this approach is the overlap and interrelationship among these functions. Although Congressional office operations do not neatly separate, this report has divided these functions into the following eight categories: -- office management -- mail -- projects - casework - legislation -- scheduling and personal services -- press and public relations --- political functions CRS-3 OFFICE MANAGEMENT Office management consists of a number of smaller functions which contribute to the operation and administration of each Congressional office. Among the major items within the general category of office management to be discussed in this paper are staff recruitment, coordination with District and State offices, the work flow, equipment and space, allowances, and efficiency and innovation. As the Congress has increased its staffing resources, greater emphasis has had to be placed on staff organization and management functions. Personal staffs of Representatives, paid from clerk-hire funds, are limited to 18 permanent staff and as many as four part-time or temporary employees. On the average, personal staff of Senators number between 20 and 40 persons. There is no limit on the number of staff a Senator may hire, but the amount of staffing funds available to Senators varies with State population. 3/ Staffs are organized differently according to the individual Member's legislative, representative, and political goals, and his or her personal preferences. 3/ In the House of Representatives, Members are authorized a sum of money (an annual clerk-hire allow allowance of $336,384 with no month-to-month carry over) with which they are permitted to employ no more than 18 permanent persons at any one time. They are additionally authorized $1,620 per year to employ an LBJ intern for a two-month period, in addition to the above named employees. In the Senate, on the other hand, a Member is authorized a staff allowance according to the size of his State's population. Currently these allowances range from $592,608 to $1,190,724 per year. There are no restrictions on the number of staff which a Senator may hire, and there are no restrictions on the carryover of unused funds from one month to the next. Senators also receive a legislative assistance allowance of $183,801 per fiscal year. In the case of a committee chairman or ranking minority member of a Committee the allowance is automatically reduced by $61,267 for each such leadership position. Other Senators authorized to appoint committee staff receive reduced legislative assistance funds as well. CRS-4 Staff Recruitment A major office management function is recruitment of staff. This assignment usually falls to the Administrative Assistant, though. others may also play a role. Recruitment for professional staff positions, according to one observer, is "based primarily on informal, non-routinized contacts and 'who knows whom. 4/ Immediately following an election, the newly elected Members are deluged with applications for employment. And throughout one's congressional career, there is hardly a week that will go by without at least one person dropping off a resume. However, few of these persons are hired. Assuming his or her predecessor was of the same party, an incoming Member may hire (retain) much of the former's staff. An incoming Member may also consult with other Members from his or her State on staffing. Incoming Members who have served in another elective office (e.g., state legislator) may well bring some of their staff to Washington with them. Some Members make an effort to hire staffers from their home State or District; others do not. It seems generally agreed that the need and opportunity for State people on a Member's staff decreases as seniority increases. Hiring people from the State may create at least three problems: (1) it may prove difficult to fire someone with ties to the constituency; (2) it may not be advantageous for a home State person with ties to the constituency to be privy to all that transpires in the Member's office; and (3) occasionally staff persons from the home State have their own political ambitions which may at least partially influence their efforts in the 4/ Fox and Hammond, P. 49. CRS-5 Congressional office. On the other hand, home State staffers may be especially attuned to the problems of the congressional constituency. Sometimes staffers are hired to fill specific roles, and in these cases Congressional offices seek out persons having the appropriate qualifications, skills, and experience. In other instances, persons are hired for their general capabilities; and duties may be assigned as they arise. Duties may seem to be randomly assigned, but many congressional staffers now considered experts in their field can point out that their expertise began just because someone was needed to cover a certain subject area. Expertise grew post facto. Coordination with District and State Offices Another office management function is coordination with the Congressman's District office(s) or the Senator's State office(s). Representatives are authorized and charged for rental space for District offices in post offices and Federal buildings on a square footage basis (or funds to pay for equivalent private office space). Senators are authorized rental space in post offices and Federal buildings (or funds to pay for equivalent private office space by square footage, according to state population, not exceeding the highest rate per square foot charged Federal Agencies by GSA). In addition, each Senator or Representative is authorized to lease a mobile office. Although State or District offices may perform varying functions, all of these functions must be coordinated with those done in Washington. A current trend seems to be the assignment of most casework (with the usual exception of military cases) to these offices. Certain form letters (congratulatory, new resident, and sometimes legislative) are also done in State or District offices. CRS-6 These offices are often involved in scheduling the Member's time when he or she is back home, and, of course, Congressional offices are normally involved in local political affairs, and in project work. Work Flow: Production, Filing, and Retrieving Other office management functions include the physical production and filing of the large quantity of work produced by office staffers. Congressional office deadlines are perhaps more important than deadlines in any comparable office in the private sector. Letters, press releases, speeches, position papers and other documents often need to be produced by a certain time. Successfully coordinating these events is no small achievement. Similarly, the ability to retrieve materials previously produced and filed is equally important. The press releases, speeches, and position papers of a few years previous may prove very important to ensure that Members' positions are consistent over time- and if they are not, to explain why a change in position was necessary and proper. Accordingly, retrieval of information is especially important; a consistent' and efficient filing system is a must. Office Equipment and Space Lastly, an important part of office management deals with equipment and space. A variety of office machines, with differing applications and capabilities, are available to Members. It is a function of office management to be aware of the office's specific needs, and to make sure that the office equipment meets those needs. CRS-7 With regard to space, often-but especially at the beginning and end of each Congress-various offices suitable for "annex space" become available (this also occurs as the Senate and House Office Buildings increase in number and new offices are created); those charged with office management need to be aware of these so as to place applications. Personal staff in the House and Senate has increased by more than 50 percent in the last 10 years, 5/ and additional office space has been needed and acquired to house these persons. A Congressional office that does not acquire conveniently located space as it acquires staff might well find itself severely cramped and operating inefficiently. Efficiency and Innovation Efficiency in office operations is always desirable, but often difficult to achieve. The quality level of each staff person's work-as well as that of the office as a whole-varies according to a number of different factors. Each of the components discussed above contributes to the work level of each employee. It is not always possible in the context of each Congressional office to supply each staff with optimal working conditions. Space limitations may force many staffers to work in an environment they consider-and perhaps rightly so-less than satisfactory. This may well impinge upon productivity. In an attempt to overcome the problem of space limitation, a small number of offices have experimented with innovative space-efficient furniture. A component of office management is to be aware of such opportunities when they arise, and also to be able to evaluate how well such options will fare in the 5/ Fox and Hammond, P. 24-25. CRS-8 particular office. There may well be resistance among tradition-oriented staffers to substantial innovation. And innovation in office operations is not necessarily going to be beneficial in every case. A final note about many of these office management operations the responsible personnel in each Congressional office must keep abreast of the ever-changing allowances that pertain to staff, equipment, stationery, travel, etc. These are compiled in the Congressional Handbook (prepared and regularly updated by the Committee on House Administration, in the House, and the Committee on Rules and Administration in the Senate), but the responsible staff persons may need to track changes in office allowances on a more immediate basis. CRS-9 MAIL An element of office management is the function of receiving, routing, and responding to congressional mail. Members often feel that responding to mail promptly and expeditiously is as important a function as any. 6/ The volume of mail varies from office to office and from week to week, but responding to the flood of correspondence can require large amounts of time and effort. Even though "the huge volume of mail today is impossible to handle in any way other than mechanization," 7/ the simple tasks of opening and categorizing incoming correspondence can consume significant staff time. Each letter must be routed to the appropriate staff person, and legislative mail on new issues must be researched and the Member's position must be established and confirmed. It is an axiom in Congress that the importance of each constituent letter should not be underrated. A Member of the House once stated why he believed that each letter must be written as if it were for publication. "One thing I think applies to every new member [is] to realize that you are now big news in your home district; and don't ever write anything to a constituent that you wouldn't be willing to see on Page One of the local newspaper. If you can 6/ Consider this advice given freshman Representative Estes Kefauver (Tenn.) by Speaker Bankhead in 1939: "Give close and prompt attention to your mail. Your votes and speeches may make you well known and give you a reputation, but it is the way you handle your mail that determines your reelection." Quoted in Kefauver, Estes, and Jack Levin. A Twentieth-Century Congress. New York, Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 1947. p. 171. 71 Stuart, Peter C. Write a Congressman--and Get a Machine Reply. Christian Science Monitor, June 2, 1975. P. 2. CRS-10 remember that as rule number one, it will keep you out of an awful lot of trouble.' 8/ Such a warning is probably doubly true for Senators, whose views appear to receive more media attention in both their home States and Washington, D.C., than those of most Representatives. The incoming mail represents much of the total office operation in microcosm. There are letters dealing with legislation, casework, scheduling of the Member's time, State, District, and national politics, and visitors coming to Washington. In addition are the printed or automatically typed ("Dear Colleague") letters circulated by other Members soliciting cosponsorship of legislation, regarding the introduction of amendments, or concerning other House or Senate matters. It appears virtually impossible to keep track of all incoming correspondence. Although some, though probably not most, House offices use tracking systems by which each incoming letter is assigned a number and systematically processed through the congressional office, such systems can become overloaded in "high mail" offices. More time and effort would be expended in tracking the letter than can be afforded. In the Senate, some Members are using the correspondence management system in which most inquiries requiring a written response are tracked and categorized by subject. 8/ Tacheron, Donald G., and Morris K. Udall. The Job of the Congressman. Bobbs-Merrill Company, Inc., New York, 1970. p. 76. CRS-11 Each office, however, does have a system by which mail is distributed and assigned to office personnel for a response. The actual method of receiving and routing constituent correspondence varies from office to office and depends on the amount of mail received, the size of the staff, the structure and orientation of the staff, and the inclinations of the Member as to how much detail he or she prefers in his or her responses. Generally, incoming mail can be categorized into three main groupings: legislative, requests, and special. Legislative Mail Legislative mail deals with substantive issues. Much of this mail can be processed by automatic typewriters which provide responses with an appearance of having been personally prepared. There are a number of types of automatic typewriters, and the more sophisticated models allow for the splicing of selected issue components into one letter if, for example, a constituent comments on the economy and the environment. Letters requiring a more detailed response, or dealing with a subject not covered by a form response, need to be answered on an individual basis. The assignment of such letters varies from office to office. In some offices, only the most sensitive letters will reach the Administrative Assistant or the Member (see Special Mail, below). Other Members take a more active role with regard to the mail. In all cases, Members are kept apprised of general trends in the mail (for more detail, see section on Legislation). CRS-12 Request Mail Request mail covers all correspondence in which a constitutent is requesting a favor-which can range from a public works project in the State to a military case to a free copy of a Department of Agriculture or Department of Human Resources pamphlet. Virtually every office responds to these letters personally, although mechanized typewriters can be utilized at certain stages. Different staffers handle different aspects of this job; the exact distribution of duties will vary from office to office. The receptionist may handle simple document requests while caseworkers handle the routine problems or "cases" with other staffers' assistance, depending on the expertise needed (covered in more detail on "Casework" section). Special Mail Special mail includes those letters that reach the desk of the Member, personal secretary, or Administrative Assistant directly. Although in a typical office these are relatively few in number, they are quite important. Those items included in this category will vary from office to office. Some Members may want to see most letters from other Members. Most Members also want to see politically sensitive correspondence, relating to the home State and national politics; others prefer that these matters be handled by the Administrative Assistant or another politically expert staff person. CRS-13 In most offices, Members and staffers would agree that due to the Member's extensive time demands, the mail categorized as special and channelled to the Senator or Representative should be kept at an absolute minimum. However, equally compelling, no correspondence that needs to be brought to the Member's attention should be handled by staff instead. Review and Response As important as receiving, routing, and responding to mail, is the final function of review and sending the mail out. Those letters sent to the Member or the Administrative Assistant for review will vary, not only from office to office, but also from staffer to staffer within each office. Some staffers may want a more comprehensive review of their work, others may not. Any sensitive letter may require the approval of the A.A. or a senior legislative assistant before being mailed. Although some offices attempt to keep within three days of the incoming mail (that is, each letter must be responded to within three days), other offices find that a full week or two is often a more realistic time frame. Correspondents expect a prompt response, and incoming letters that consistently go unanswered for several weeks can adversely affect constituent relations. CRS 14 Blank CRS-15 PROJECTS The project function of a Congressional office is probably one of the least understood and one of the easiest to overlook. Basically, it is the steering of Federal funds to those persons, organizations, and communities seeking to participate in a federally sponsored program. There are an estimated 1,600 9/ different types of grant available from the various Federal departments and agencies. In fiscal year 1981 Federal grant-in-aid outlays totaled $95.3 billion - funds that will be available to State and local governments. An additional $34 billion was made available for research and development, 11/ funds that will include those made available mainly to university and private research groups. In addition, there are those Federal funds, not dispensed through grants but nevertheless much sought after, that are used for defense procurement and construction of Federal installations, e.g., military bases, Federal office buildings and Federal projects (such as flood control and highway construction). 9/ A Congressional Research Service budget analyst explains that it is difficult to provide an exact number, since there is wide disagreement about the definition of "grant programs". 10/ U.S. Executive Office of the President. Office of Management and Budget. Budget of the United States Government Fiscal Year 1982. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1981. P. 239. 11/ Ibid. P. 306. CRS-16 Because the State, local, or private unit is frequently either unaware of available moneys or uncertain of how to go about obtaining them, a Congressional office can be of assistance in these endeavors. Staff members seek to monitor department and agency activities in the field of grant disbursements, and, when possible, notify the appropriate persons in the State of what funds are available. Staffers can contact agency personnel to determine their interest in certain projects, and relay their findings to the local authorities. Once a grant application is filed, office staffs-and the Senator or Representative, at times--can keep in touch with agency people and indicate their support for the project. This is especially effective if the Member is of the same party as the Administration or serves on a committee with jurisdiction over the specific department. Contact can be maintained by letter, phone, or in person; the approach will most likely vary according to the situation and the persons involved. But concerted action on the part of the staff can result in more Federal funds being spent in the State or district, and provide greater services to the constituency (for example, a Veterans' hospital, Social Security office, or a better funded and more fully equipped medical school). CRS-18 devote at least 50 percent of all staff hours to casework, and 71.5 percent of the offices spend in excess of 25 percent of their time on casework. 12/ Casework is rarely self-initiated; it most often stems from a constituent letter. The definition of casework varies. Some use the term to apply to the whole range of constituent problems and inquiries, others restrict it to areas such as social security and veterans' benefits, housing and military problems, immigration and unemployment, and the like. 13/ One Senator explained that he viewed casework as "requests for a wide variety of services requiring me to go to bat for citizens with the administrative agencies of the Federal Government." 14/ Casework is handled rather routinely. The incoming constituent letter is judged for validity (there are a few, usually easy-to-spot, crank letters), and then assigned to a caseworker. Caseworkers are generally assigned certain subject areas and receive all letters within their specific areas. In this way, they gain expertise and develop contacts with agency personnel. Upon receiving a new case, the caseworker decides which Federal department or agency has jurisdiction and makes a determination as to whether the case can best be handled by telephone or letter. In some cases referral to State or municipal government, or to the Member's State or District office is appropriate. If the case lends itself to being handled on the phone, the agency is contacted, usually via the Congressional Liaison Office. 12/ Klonoff, Robert. The Congressman as Mediator Between Citizens and Government Agencies: Problems and Prospects. Harvard Journal on Legislation, V. 16, Summer 1979. P. 708. 13/ Butler, Warren H. Administering Congress: the Role of the Staff. Public Administration Review, V. 26, March 1966. P. 6. 14/ Clark, Joseph S. Congress: the Sapless Branch. Harper & Row, New York, 1964. P. 63. CRS-17 CASEWORK Lesser projects are, of course, not neglected. The importance of the communication task called casework is reflected in a 1977 questionnaire survey, by Robert Klonoff, whose results are given in the table below. Percentage of Time Spent On Casework (Percent of Responding Offices a/) Percentage of time spent on casework By staff assistants By Members 0-4 0.0 % 45.6 % 5-15 8.9 % 36.0 % 16-25 19.5 % 13.6 % 26-50 38.2 % 4.0 % 51-100 33.3 % 0.8 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 123 responses 125 responses a/ Figures do not add up to 100 percent because of rounding. b/ Includes district staff. Klonoff's findings show that while most Members devote little of their own time to casework, 33.3 percent of the offices responding to the 1977 questionnaire CRS-19 If the case is to be handled by letter, the caseworker makes a photocopy of the constituent letter and forwards it to the appropriate agency, sometimes with a personally written letter, but more often with an appropriate inquiring "buck slip." A letter is sent to the constituent over the Member's signature assuring the correspondent that the Member is looking into the matter. The executive branch department or agency can normally be counted on to respond to the "case" within a week or two, and a copy of that response is forwarded to the constituent with observations, suggestions, or sentiments as fit the circumstances. Few empirical data exist on the number of times a constituent's complaint and the accompanying congressional inquiry actually effect a change in case status. More often than not, the agency in question will simply include in its letter a recitation of the facts and the applicable regulations as a means of explaining why the constituent's problem cannot be favorably resolved. One study, in which 198 Members and staff participated, estimated that congressional casework resulted in favorable determinations by the agencies in approximately 37 percent of the cases. 15/ It should be noted, however, that seventeen years ago, some Members claimed a success rate of one-fifth to one-third. 16/ Greater congressional attention to casework may contribute to a higher current success rate. But, one reason for the disparity may also be the measurement of success. In some cases, the Federal agency, upon a Member's request, will grant the complainant an additional interview and explain in greater detail why the particular claim must be disallowed. Although not a 15/ Johannes, John R. Congressional Caseworkers: Attitudes, Orientations, and Operations. Prepared for delivery at the 1978 meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago, Illinois, April 20-27. p. 26. 16/ Clapp, Charles L. The Congressman; His Work as He Sees It. Brookings Institution, Washington, 1963. P. 78. CRS-20 Total success, it is a plus for the Member and often the constitutent is In certain instances, a Member may do more for constituents and may, on rare occasions, intervene personally. However, in general, Members and their statfs are reluctant to become heavily involved especially in those cases in which potential conflict of interest questions could arise. One common, though not frequent, practice in casework dealing primarily with immigration cases is the introduction of a private bill. Although private bills have dealt with claims against Government, patents, military affairs, and other items, most have concerned one aspect or another of immigration. The major categories within the broad heading of immigration are: 1) permitting aliens residing abroad to immigrate to the United States although otherwise they may not legally be able to do so; 2) permitting aliens in the United States to remain in the U.S. despite legal requirements to the contrary; and 3) granting citizenship to aliens who would not otherwise be eligible. Private bills can be enacted for the benefit of one person or for a number of persons. Members should be aware of the difference in House and Senate consideration of the second category given above. The Immigration and Naturalization Service has different agreements with the House and Senate Judiciary Committees involving stays of deportation for persons not legally in the United States. In the House, deportation proceedings will "not be stayed upon the introduction of a private bill unless the House Committee on the Judiciary addresses some formal communications to the service to stay proceedings." In the Senate, however, deportation will "be stayed in the case of any alien concerning whom a private immigration bill is pending in the Senate CRS-21 on which no unfavorable action has been taken by the Senate Committee on the Judiciary by the end of the current session of Congress." 17/ Casework is undoubtedly an important Congressional function. In encouraging constituents to take advantage of their service, many Members are acting on the supposition that a satisfied constituent is a vote gained in the next election; the corollary is that a dissatisfied constituent may well be a vote irretrievably lost. 17/ Congressional Quarterly's Guide to the Congress of the United States. Washington, Congressional Quarterly Services, 1971. p. 338. CRS 22 Blank CRS-23 LEGISLATION Perhaps the key word in a discussion of a Senator's or Representative's legislative function is "coordination." The legislative function encompasses various activities in different arenas: the House floor, the Senate floor, the House committees, the Senate committees, and each Member's personal office (where he or she formulates position papers and often researches issues on which he/she will later introduce legislation). All staff members, both in the personal office and on the various committee and subcommittee staffs, who are responsible to the Member, are best served by maximum possible awareness of the Member's position-- and other staff member's activities-- on all related issues. All actions, from answering the simplest constituent letter to casting an important vote on the floor, need to be coordinated. The most time-consuming legislative task for staff is responding to constituent correspondence (see P. 10 for additional information on how a staff responds to legislative mail). Constituent mail is not necessarily important as a determinant of how a Representative or Senator will vote, but it can be used as a means for measuring constituents' views on legislation the Member must vote upon. 18/ Legislative mail is treated with respect. 18/ Kingdon, John W. Congressmen's Voting Decisions. New York, Harper and Row, 1973. P. 57. CRS-24 In addition, it is often in response to constituent letters that Members, with the assistance of their staffs, first research various issues and draw up position papers, which are then used as the basis for form letters. In addition to responding to correspondence, the basic staff- legislative function can be summed up in one word: preparation. A Member of Congress needs to be prepared for the numerous legislative forums in which he operates, and it is the staff role to ensure that such preparation is adequate. In the 96th Congress, for example, there were 1,276 roll call votes in the House and 1,055 roll call votes in the Senate; and Members needed to be prepared for each. It is a staff function to be familiar with the content and committee report of each bill, to be aware of major lobbying efforts for and against the legislation, to know which colleagues might be offering amendments and the merits of these amendments, and to keep abreast of possible parliamentary maneuvers by other Members (staff expertise in parliamentary procedure can be very helpful). A Member may also want to be apprised of the party leadership, administration positions, constituent opinion, and any press reaction-thus necessitating coordination with those who perform the press, mail, and political functions. Senators and Representatives generally develop a degree of expertise in those subjects with which they deal on a continuing basis as a result of committee membership. Accordingly, Members need a more comprehensive preparation for committee hearings and meetings. It is a staff function to ensure that Members have an in-depth familiarity with subjects to be covered in upcoming committee and subcommittee hearings. This will include not only the relative pros and cons on each issue, but each committee (or subcommittee) colleague's point of view, the position of related interest groups, and generally the specific impact a certain position might have on the Member's constituency. CRS-25 Staff must be sure that the Member has not enunciated a position on a particular issue in the past (or if he has, that the two positions are consistent or can be justified), and that no other person on the same staff is working on the same issue toward an opposite conclusion. Again, coordination is paramount. Coordination with those who track State interests must also be considered. This staff work might be done in either the Washington, District or State office; but, wherever it is performed, such input is often needed. In researching legislation, drafting bills, writing speeches, etc., the staff role is considerable, always keeping in mind the Member's political philosophy and personal inclinations (for example, some Members introduce much legislation, others little--there is no best way of operating). Different aspects of these tasks can be fulfilled by personal staff (in Washington, District or State), committee staff, other House or Senate staff (e.g., Legislative Counsel), other Government staff (an executive department, the Congressional Research Service), outside organizations (interest groups, consulting firms), or any other available resource. Coordination between staff working on similar subjects-coupled with effective office management-- contributes to efficient legislative operation. The staff legislative function is closely tied to all other functions. The Member is first and foremost a legislator. Other staff activities need to be carried out in that context. CRS 26 Blank CRS-27 SCHEDULING AND PERSONAL SERVICES Another item that also needs to be coordinated with the components of the legislative function is the scheduling function. A Congressman or Senator may often be called upon to be in more than one place at the same time. The staff personnel must perform a two-fold function with regard to the Member's schedule: one, the staff must assist in the evaluation of simultaneous events to deter their importance and worth; and two, the staff must see to it that the logistics of the Member's day are well enough planned to enable him to move easily from one scheduled event to the next. In the 96th Congress, a Member of the House usually belonged to at least two committees (standing, joint, and select) and five or more subcommittees. A Senator usually served on three or more committees (standing, joint and select) and eight subcommittees. When some of these meet simultaneously, it is the Senator or Representative, with the advice of his staff, who must weigh the pros and cons of each meeting. Staff can evaluate the relative importance of each hearing, but the Member also considers other commitments, such as those made to interest group representatives or colleagues in the House or Senate with regard to the attendance at committee meetings. Often staff people keep abreast on a nearly minute-by-minute basis of activities in those meetings not attended by the Member, so that should an especially important vote or other matter arise, the Member's proxy can be voted or his attendance effected. CRS-28 There are other obligations to constituents and interest groups. Members can leave committee meetings or the floor of the House or the Senate at slow moments to greet constituents. Members also schedule meetings throughout the day with constituents and lobbyists, knowing that many will be delayed and others may never occur (generally staff aides fill in at these times). Those charged with scheduling duties (generally an appointments secretary, sometimes a personal secretary or an executive assistant) must judge the relative importance of constituents, lobbyists, and so forth. Scheduling also entails initiative on the part of staffers so that good relations are fostered with those interest groups active in the Member' fields of interest. Invitations to workshops and conferences that generate national attention are highly sought after; oftentimes organizations may make final decisions on keynote speakers and such on a more or less arbitrary basis-- and personal contacts cannot be overrated. With regard to logistics, each Member has a different idea of what sort of support services his staff ought to supply. Members may use the staff for total transportation having one or several staffers pick the Member up in the morning, provide transport to any functions that occur during the day, and, finally, ensure that the Member arrives at whatever evening activity is scheduled. Transportation home is provided as well. Although the foregoing situation does not occur in every office, staff in many House and Senate offices do perform transportation duties for their Member. At the very least, in a typical office the staffers in charge must be sure that transportation is available for the Member throughout the day, and occasionally on weekends. CRS-29 In some offices, transportation and scheduling are also provided the Member's husband or wife. The role of the congressional spouse varies-some play an active role in the office and in the congressional District or State office; others concentrate on family and careers and do little related to the political world. Whatever the situation, the office staff needs to be able to provide services needed by the spouse as the Member desires. A last, but certainly not least, personal aide is the Member's Personal Secretary. In many offices, this position entails significant duties and responsibilities. The Personal Secretary has perhaps the most frequent personal contact with the Member. Her or his duties often include all or most of the following: scheduling, transportation logistics, screening phone calls, personal dictation, especially sensitive correspondence, and whatever else the Member decides ought to be done in a hurry. The Personal Secretary often has administrative responsibilities over other secretaries and the final mailing activities. CRS 30 Blank CRS-31 PRESS AND PUBLIC RELATIONS As a practical matter, many Members employ a person for press responsibilities, though that staff person may handle other duties as well. In a Senator's office it is important for her or him to communicate effectively to the newspapers and other media outlets with circulation in the home State, or nationally. Often this will include a few newspapers and radio and television stations from adjoining States which serve "media markets" in the Senator's State. The emphasis in a Representative's office is usually on "local" press; it appears that few Representatives have found pursuit of national media coverage fruitful. It is very important for a Member to communicate effectively to the daily and weekly newspapers and other media outlets with circulation in his congressional district. Often this will include at least a few newspapers and radio and television stations from adjoining districts. These are the sources from which constituents get their news and formulate their views. Press aides often cultivate personal relationships with newspaper and electronic media personnel. Some deliver press releases personally if the newspaper has a Washington correspondent or bureau. Press aides are mindful of the deadlines for the various media outlets and take care to see that access to material is easy and prompt. The House and Senate maintain studios for the production of radio and television material, and press aides need to know what the electronic media can best use. Media outlets in different areas have different capabilities and different emphases. Accordingly, efforts to utilize these different media outlets will vary. Some outlets may be prone to cover national news; others focus more on CRS-32 Local) On important matters, a Member may tailor his activities to coincide with the needs of the media outlet in which he desires coverage. Attention to the national media is a different task. The national electronic networks, the "national newspapers" (e.g. the New York Times, the Washington Post, and the Wall Street Journal among others, and the wire services are important to those Members of the House and Senate wishing to build a national reputation. Not all Members have such desires. For those who do, events can be organized in such a way as to maximize media exposure. For example, afternoon hearings have virtually no chance of being included on the early evening news shows; important events are therefore scheduled in the morning. At all times, advance copies of press releases and text of speeches should be handled in such a way as to achieve maximum coverage and foster good working relationships with the press. Some offices reserve an hour or two a week when any interested journalist (almost always from the "local" or home State press) can come and talk with the Member, either on or off the record. Such sessions can produce an increased rapport with the press and can provide insights for the press into the Member's accomplishments. Other offices provide the press with many of the small but helpful perquisites that are part of a Congressional office operation. Each Hot se cifice is allocated eight indexed copies and twenty-five plain copies of the Congressional Directory. Senate offices are provided with fifty plain copies. Some can be distributed to press personnel. Different executive branch departments have information programs that can be staged throughout the country in cooperation with a Member. These programs are aimed at different groups. For example, the Department of Commerce will CRS-33 hold workshops for local Chambers of Commerce on how to compete for Federal contracts; the Department of the Interior will present programs for school children on pollution and outdoor safety; the Social Security Administration will produce brochures-with room for adding the Member's name--for distribution to recipients. Almost all Members send out newsletters. Many offices maintain more than one list, using a different newsletter for respective sectors of the constituency. Up to six times a year, Members of the House can also utilize a postal patron system to ensure that newsletters reach every household in the Congressional District. Senators do not have this system available to them. It should be noted that all Members of Congress are forbidden from sending mass mailings during the 28-day period before the day of any election in which the Member is a candidate for public office (39 U.S.C. 3210(a)(5)(D)). In addition, the House Commission on Mailing Standards has issued a number of guidelines regarding what is and is not permissible material in House newsletters. 19/ Furthermore, regulations promulgated by the Select Senate Committee on Ethics state that newsletters may contain only five references to the Senator, including use of the pronoun "I", on any one page. 19 / These are listed in the Publication, "Regulations on the Use of the Congressional Frank By Members of the House of Representatives and Rules of Practice in Proceedings Before the House Commission on Congressional Mailing Standards," prepared by the Commission on Congressional Mailing Standards, House of Representatives. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1979. CRS 34 Blank L. GORDON CROVITZ ASSISTANT EDITORIAL PAGE EDITOR, THE WALL STREET JOURNAL, "RULE OF LAW" COLUMNIST SPEECH AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LAW SCHOOL, SPONSORED BY THE FEDERALIST SOCIETY APRIL 11, 1991 TITLE: "CONSTITUTIONAL WAR POWERS: LESSONS FROM THE PERSIAN GULF" Constitutional War Powers: Lessons From the Persian Gulf Who controls foreign policy: The President, Congress, the courts or precisely which combination of all the above? I think the recent experience in the Persian Gulf has some very interesting lessons for us, and is a reminder that the Founders of the Constitution knew exactly what they were doing when they assigned very different institutional functions and powers to the various branches of the federal government. Let me start with the concept that will be familiar to the Federalist Society, that the United States was built on the idea that there is no greater political danger or political temptation than the exercise of power without accountability. The Founders would not have been surprised that in recent years Congress routinely yields to this temptation as the Federalist Papers said, Congress is the impetuous vortex of power. Congress now tries to micromanage those affairs most foreign policy for which its members are held individually responsible least. More than any other government program, foreign policy has since the Founding of the Republic been the clearest duty and burden of Presidents. But ever since sensing the opportunities for expanding congressional power after Vietnam and during the Nixon administration, legislators have made unprecedented incursions into the ability of the executive branch to set and administer foreign 3 policy. This trend helps explain the sometimes ambiguous or irresolute role of the U.S. abroad. I am delighted by this apparent break after nearly two decades of micromanagement by Congress, which taught that Congress has one great power in foreign policy: With enough meddling and constraints on executive-branch discretion to act, Congress can eventually drain the energy of the executive branch. Congress can then exercise an effective veto over action. What Congress cannot do, by and large, is mandate affirmative action of its own. This relationship between the political branches was very convenient for liberal Congresses that favored a more passive foreign policy confronted with conservative Presidents who have been more willing to pursue aggressive foreign policies. The typical result, though, had been that we did not have presidential policy, we did not have congressional policy---we had no policy, only paralysis. The Persian Gulf may have changed all that. We have recently seen a war fought to restore the international rule of law by ejecting the occupiers of Kuwait, which I will argue also restored the rule of the Constitution at home. A review of the domestic battle plans shows how Mr. Bush deftly deployed legal arguments backed by political force to prevail over congressional claims that he lacked power to make war. In the process, the revisionist idea that Congress runs wars has imploded into so much Scud shrapnel. The received wisdom after Vietnam taught that presidents must no 4 longer have the discretion to commit troops. This being the U.S., the straitjacket was not political or moral, but purely "legal" -the War Powers Resolution. It's not widely understood, but Mr. Bush violated this law back in August when he sent troops to Saudi Arabia without first consulting Congress. This is because the terms of the resolution say that without congressional approval, presidents can dispatch troops on their own only to defend U.S. territory or armed forces. Neither of these was threatened until we transferred troops to Saudi Arabia. By the way, Robert Bork now says he wishes he had given President Nixon somewhat different legal advice from the Justice Department when the War Powers Resolution was passed by Congress. It eventually was passed over President Nixon's veto, but Mr. Bork has said recently that he wished he'd told President Nixon to treat the resolution as something less than a law. He says that President Nixon should have neither signed nor vetoed the resolution, instead simply sending a message to Congress that read: "Thank you for your essay on your understanding of my constitutional powers. When time permits, I will send you my essay on the question." That is, since this is hardly a resolution that complies with the constitutional distribution of powers, Presidents should treat it as not legally binding on them. The burial of the War Powers Resolution in the sands of the Persian Gulf was only the first step to regaining the constitutional powers previous presidents have used to order U.S. force abroad more than 200 times in as many years. After Mr. Bush decided to send an additional 150,000 troops to the region in November to prepare to liberate Kuwait, he had an interesting conversation with congressmen visiting the White House. When some claimed that only Congress could authorize such a large deployment, he pulled a copy of the Constitution out of his suit pocket. True, only Congress can "declare" war, Mr. Bush said, but "It also says I'm the commander in chief." So President Bush's handling of the Gulf may mean we are returning to a very different period. I'd like to do is reflect on how we have got ourselves into the kind of debate we now have over the war powers. The standard legal view is almost a cliche. This is that the Constitution is an "invitation to struggle" between the executive and legislative branches. My view is somewhat different, that in foreign affairs more than in domestic affairs the Constitution sets out different powers and duties in accordance with the different institutional skills. So, for example, the Constitution gives the President the power to negotiate treaties, send and receive ambassadors, recognize other countries and command the armed forces. As the Federalist Papers says, only the executive branch is capable of "speed, dispatch, energy and secrecy. " These are obviously more important attributes in national defense than, say, in distributing pork-barrel projects among congressional districts. Congress, an agglomeration of 535 members, moves more slowly, with no real possibility of secrecy. So 6 Congress's powers in foreign affairs are largely indirect. Congress funds the armed forces, the Senate must ratify treaties and Congress has the power to "declare" war. It is this distinction between the congressional authority to "declare" a formal state of war versus the Commander in Chief's power to "make" war that clarifies the different powers. This is a real distinction, as the Founders themselves noted when Art. I, Sec. 8 was redrafted at the Constitutional Convention. The clause originally gave to Congress the power to "make" war. This was changed because it overly restrained the President. Congress has the power to declare war, which in the 18th Century especially was significant in international law as the indication of a full, no- holds-barred war. Meanwhile, the President as commander in chief has the power to make war. of some 200 uses of force overseas since the Founding of the country, there have only been five declared wars, and none since World War II. In about two-thirds of the cases, there was no prior congressional approval, by resolution or treaty. Yet despite this history and Korea and Vietnam, leaders in Congress claimed before the Iraq war began that a President may not use force "offensively," whatever that word means, without prior congressional approval. What I would like to do is compare the common assumptions today about constitutional powers with the assumptions in years past. I want to do this partly to show how far the common assumptions have changed in ways that I believe improperly bind the President. My 7 thought is that Presidents need to do a better job of defending their prerogatives, especially in foreign affairs. Let me start by reading an exchange from the Congressional Record of Dec. 27, 1922. The debate was whether all the troops should be withdrawn from Germany after their deployment in World War I. In it a freshman senator, James Reed, was dissuaded from proposing any legislation that purported to order the President to bring the troops back. Interestingly, the senator who defended presidential powers was William Borah, the well-known isolationist. Listen to this exchange, which I can't imagine in today's Congress: MR. REED: Does the senator think and has he not thought that the American troops in Germany ought to be brought home? MR. BORAH: I do. MR. REED: So do I Would it not be easier to bring the troops home than it would to have the proposed [disarmament] conference? MR. BORAH: You can not bring them home, nor can I. MR. REED: We could make the President do it. MR. BORAH: We could not make the President do it. He is the Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and if in the discharge of his duty he wants to assign them there, I do not know of any power that we can exert to compel him to bring them home. We may refuse to create an Army, but when it is created he is the commander. 8 MR. REED: I wish to change my statement. We cannot make him bring them home [B]ut I think if there were a resolution passed asking the President to bring the troops home where they belong, the President would recognize that request from Congress. We have the same Constitution we had in 1922, yet now it is a safe bet that few congressmen would endorse the view of the relative powers of the two branches held even by a Senator Borah. Among the differences between then and now are Vietnam, Watergate and the era of a Democrat-controlled Congress that generally preferred inaction squared off against a Republican- controlled White House pursuing a more aggressive foreign policy. Another difference is in the legal debate over presidential powers. A group of law professors filed an amicus brief in the case of Dellums V. Bush, which sought an injunction against the President using force in the Persian Gulf on the ground that prior congressional authorization was constitutionally mandated. The lawsuit claimed there could be no "offensive" use of troops without prior congressional authorization. The argument was that even if Mr. Bush had the constitutional power to order the initial deployment, the power to declare war meant that Congress had to approve any larger-scale deployment. But the Constitution does not distinguish between defensive deployments and larger-scale offensive deployments. (If it did, the Founders presumably would have preferred the Westmoreland incrementalist war in Vietnam to the 9 Schwarzkopf get-the-job-done war.) Federal Judge Harold Greene dismissed the lawsuit by saying the issue wasn't ripe for a court, but in nonbinding parts of his opinion also accepted the unprecedented argument that Congress must act before troops attack. He did not define what an "offensive" war might mean; surely it is not a term of constitutional art. Judge Greene, no shrinking violet, is perhaps most famous as the unofficial chairman of AT&T in his continuing role in the AT&T breakup. He said in Dellums V. Bush that "an injunction may issue at the request of members of Congress to prevent the conduct of war which is about to be carried on without congressional authorization." He instructed Congress that before issuing an injunction against Mr. Bush, all he needed was a sign that the case is "ripe," which he defined as proof that "the plaintiffs in an action of this kind be or represent a majority of members of Congress." This seems to mean that Judge Greene would have issued an injunction against war if half plus one of all congressmen joined as plaintiffs to the lawsuit. Or he would have issued the injunction if Congress passed a resolution claiming sole power to start war. A few words about the merits of this case. The power to declare war--with all the formalities this has entailed since Grotius invented international law in 1625 belongs to Congress, but we also know the Founders were careful to give the president the power to make war. There is no constitutional requirement of a formal 10 declaration; Korea and Vietnam are leading examples of recent undeclared wars. Even if the Founders wanted a. president to consult Congress before launching a true offensive war an imperial war to gain territory, for example it was Iraq that started these hostilities. The larger point is that of all the people to debate the constitutional tug between Congress and the president, federal judges may be the least appropriate. Indeed, this was the deciding factor in an opinion issued the same day as Judge Greene's by another judge in the same federal district court in Washington. Judge Royce Lamberth dismissed a case brought by a National Guard reservist who claimed Mr. Bush didn't have the power to order troops to the Persian Gulf. He wrote, "The court lacks the expertise, resources and authority to explore" issues such as what "constitutes 'war,' 'imminent hostilities' or even the prelude to offensive war. " Which branch can order troops to battle should be resolved politically, not by courts. Separation of powers requires, Judge Lamberth wrote, that "the far-reaching ramifications of those decisions should fall upon the shoulders of those elected by the people to make those decisions." Judge Lamberth added that Congress has plenty of powers, lacking only the will to use them. He said, "Congress can itself declare war, exercise its appropriations power to prevent further offensive and/or defensive military action in the Persian Gulf or even impeach the president." If the battle here between Judges Greene and Lamberth ever gets to the appeals courts, I'd bet on Judge Lamberth. Even some of the liberal judges on the federal appeals court in Washington have expressed doubts about judges issuing orders where Congress fears to tread. District of Columbia Circuit Court Judge and former Congressman Abner Mikva, for example, has said that "Questions of military deployment are best settled by the interplay of the political branches. " He said, "When the two political branches have not exhausted their own powers to settle the matter, the courts are well advised to take a page from Congress and do nothing. " Judge Mikva noted that judges quickly dismissed all but one of the 20 legal challenges to the Vietnam War. By the way, if Judge Greene had issued an injunction, it would not have been the first time a judge claimed the power to stop a war. For a few hours one day in 1973, Justice William O. Douglas barred the dropping of bombs on Cambodia. Court was in summer recess, but at the instigation of Justice Marshall the other justices unanimously reversed him by the same afternoon. Here's what happened: At 9:30 the morning of August 4, 1973, Justice Douglas issued an order stopping the U.S. "from participating in any way in military activities in or over Cambodia or releasing any bombs which may fall on Cambodia." Justice Douglas said his injunction was urgent because this was a death penalty case. The dead, he wrote, "may be Cambodian farmers whose only 'sin' 12 is a desire for socialized medicine to alleviate the suffering of their families and neighbors," he wrote from his summer house in Yakima, Washington. The Supreme Court was in a pre-FAX era recess, but by 3 the same afternoon Justice Marshall managed to reach the other seven justices by telephone. When he explained the bizarre situation, the other justices unanimously agreed that Justice Douglas had gone too far. They nullified his order. Commander in Chief Nixon was able to continue the pullout of troops without having to halt the air cover that saved many U.S. lives. This story is worth recounting for more than Justice Douglas's assessment of Vietnam as a war over socialized medicine. We are now again on notice that a federal judge thinks he has the power to issue a legal writ to reverse a decision by the president on how to command the troops. Maybe one day Judge Mikva will get a chance to play Justice Marshall, with Judge Greene re-creating the role of Justice Douglas. Now of course Congress retains enormous powers in foreign affairs. It can withhold funding. Congress could, for example, have passed a Persian Gulf resolution that specified that no funding can be used by the military in the Persian Gulf. or it could say that no funds could be spent for a deployment of more than, say, 150,000 troops. This would be a direct and constitutional way to establish the policy of defense-only that some members of Congress said they preferred. Of course, there is a problem with this kind of resolution. This is that it would give Congress clear responsibility for the outcome of the policy. It is to me high irony that instead of passing a resolution based on its clear constitutional powers, Congress debated a resolution that in effect would order the rules of engagement in the Persian Gulf: such as, no firing unless fired upon. This seems to me to be a core Commander-in-Chief power, one that only the President can use. In other words, instead of passing a resolution that is based on an invocation of its constitutional powers, Congress debated a resolution that would usurp the constitutional powers of the Commander-in-Chief. President Bush's handling of the legal war at home was a model for future clashes between the branches. It's worth noting that unlike President Reagan, who refused to veto the Boland amendments, President Bush came to the presidency with a sense that Congress had placed unwise and unconstitutional fetters. In a 1987 speech to the Federalist Society, then-Vice President Bush asked: "What kind of wacky world is this where the President is taken to court every time he moves our troops around in the national interest? Sometimes a President must take risks for peace, and he doesn't need to be blocked every step of the way. " Indeed, in a sense the debate over whether the President could engage in "offensive" as opposed to merely "defensive" actions without congressional approval was settled the week before Congress took its vote. President Bush announced that he was going to use 14 force to drive Iraq out of Kuwait no matter what Congress did or did not do, whatever resolutions it passed or failed to pass. Secretary Dick Cheney told Senator Sam Nunn's anti-war hearings that Mr. Bush had all the constitutional authority he needed to launch a battle; Secretary of State James Baker promised only to "consult" with leading members of Congress before the first bombs burst. We now know that Gen. Colin Powell and his aides were already planning to liberate Kuwait with massive forces encircling Iraqi troops. By mid-January, Mr. Bush made clear that he was going to use force if necessary to free Kuwait. If Congress wanted to approve his decision, fine, but either way he seemed to say, the die was cast. Several congressmen proposed a resolution demanding economic sanctions alone with no use of force. Rep. Richard Gephardt proposed using Congress's clear constitutional power of the purse to cut off funds to block an attack. The resolution that finally passed (by the partisan 52 to 47 in the Senate) approved the use of force while noting that only Congress can "declare" war. But of course Congress did not declare war, it only approved what President Bush said he was going to do. In the process, President Bush created a new rule of thumb in the battle over legal constraints on the President's foreign affairs power: If a President deploys troops, then tells Congress the country is going to war regardless of whether or not Congress approves, then he can be sure that Congress will vote and will approve what he has already said he would do. After the vote, Mr. Bush made it clear that he appreciated Congress's vote as a signal to Saddam Hussein that the country was united, but that it didn't much matter as a constitutional point. "As I made clear to congressional leaders at the outset," Mr. Bush wrote in his signing statement, "my request for congressional support did not, and my signing this resolution does not, constitute any change in the longstanding positions of the executive branch on either the president's constitutional authority to use the armed forces to defend vital U.S. interests or the constitutionality of the War Powers Resolution." Finally, if the Vietnam/War Powers Resolution/Watergate specter is truly gone, the next time a president feels obliged to deploy U.S. troops his first test won't be running the constitutional gauntlet at home. We are now back to where we were when Jefferson dispatched forces to rout the Barbary pirates, when FDR transferred warships to Britain before World War II despite neutrality laws and when Truman sent the troops to Korea. The Constitution gives presidents the authority to act first, consult Congress later. At the same time, Congress always has the last word, which is why as a political matter it's often wise to force Congress to vote as early as possible on a deployment. If Congress decides a war is unwise it can withdraw funding, as it eventually did in Vietnam. It's worth noting, however, that in its zeal to solicit other countries to pay for our troops in the Persian Gulf, Congress this 16 time delegated its power of the purse. This distribution of power under the Constitution reflects the Founders' understanding that accountability is the key to constitutional democracy. It's a political truism that only presidents are ever elected for their foreign-policy views. Indeed, far from holding them accountable, it's considered dirty pool even to remind voters of the congressmen who voted that economic sanctions would succeed against a regime that gouged out the eyes of Kuwaitis, beat up POWs, torched oil wells and now massacres its own people. Congress will keep trying to micromanage most in this area--- foreign policy in which voters are least able to hold its members responsible. Mr. Bush risked his presidency on this war. In the process, it seems to me, he won an important victory at home for the powers of his office, the Constitution and accountable government. F: UFRAI FI CTION ELECTION TEDEPAL COMMISSION COMMISSION Press Office 999 E Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20463 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Phone: Local 376-3155 Toll Free 800-424-9530 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: CONTACT: FRED EILAND FEBRUARY 22, 1991 SHARON SNYDER SCOTT MOXLEY 1990 CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION SPENDING DROPS TO LOW POINT WASHINGTON -- Congressional election spending fell to its lowest point in six years to $445 million for 1990 races, according to the Federal Election Commission. This overall spending decline was fueled by a drop of $21 million, or 10.3 percent, in Senate campaigns while House campaigns increased $9 million, or 3 percent, an FEC compilation of final 1989-90 cycle reports shows. While comparisons of Senate activity are difficult because different states participate each cycle, generally the average spending per voter is higher in smaller states. In 1990, however, spending per voter increased in larger population states and decreased in smaller ones. The most spent per voter, $5.77, was in Rhode Island, and the lowest, 21 cents, in Arkansas. (See chart, page 10). Spending by House campaigns, $265.1 million, increased only slightly, but dropped in close races. In 1990, there were more candidates whose races were within 10 voting percentage points and whose median spending declined compared to the previous election. (See chart, page 11). Reliance on individual (53 percent) and political action committee (32 percent) contributions remained the same as in past cycles, based on the percentage of total campaign receipts. Senate and House campaigns received $249.4 million from individuals and $150.6 million from PACs. Following a 12 percent growth in 1988, PAC contributions increased two percent. Fluctuation was also apparent in the direction of PAC contributions. Senate campaigns of both parties, House Democratic challengers, and House open seat candidates relied less on PAC money than in 1988. Overall, PAC contributions comprised 38 percent of total receipts in House campaigns compared to 22 percent in Senate races. -more- Summary Financial Activity - All Congressional Campaigns 1989-90 1987-88 1985-86 1983-84 1981-82 1979-80 1977-78 Raised $471.2 $477.6 $472.0 $397.2 $354.7 $248.8 $199.4 Spent $445.2 $459.0 $450.9 $374.1 $342.4 $239.0 $194.8 No. of Candidates 1764 1792 1873 2036 2240 2288 1909 Financial Activity of Winning Congressional Candidates Senate 1989-90 1987-88 1985-86 1983-84 1981-82 1979-80 19 77-78 1975-76 Raised $121.5 $121.7 $106.8 $100.9 $70.7 $41.7 $43.0 $21.0 Spent $115.4 $123.6 $104.3 $97.5 $68.2 $40.0 $42.3 $20.1 PAC $ $31.1 $31.8 $28.4 $20.0 $15.6 $10.2 $6.0 $3.1 House 1989-90 1987-88 1985-86 1983-84 1981-82 1979-80 1977-78 1975-76 Raised $197.6 $191.0 $172.7 $144.8 $123.1 $86.0 $60.0 $42.5 Spent $178.4 $171.0 $154.9 $127.0 $114.7 $78.0 $55.6 $38.0 PAC $ $91.6 $86.4 $72.8 $59.5 $42.7 $27.0 $17.0 $10.9 -2- FOOTNOTES 1. Figures in the first two Tables and the detailed listing of candidates cover from January 1, 1989, or whenever the campaign registered during the election cycle, through December 31, 1990, or the last report filed by the campaign, as indicated. 2. Net receipt and net disbursement figures are total receipts and total disbursements, as reported by the campaigns, minus any money transferred between committees of the same campaign. 3. Columns entitled "Other Committees" (also "Other Cmte's) are monies received, as reported by the campaigns, that are comprised mostly of PAC funds, but also include contributions by other candidates' committees and some unregistered entities. On the Senate listings, the column "Non Party Contributions" contains PAC contributions for 1986 and 1988, as reported by the PAC's, and "Other Committee" data for 1990. 4. Open seat races are those in which the incumbent did not seek reelection. As such, both general election candidates in Ohio's 8th district are classified as challengers because the incumbent lost in a primary. Districts where special elections have been held at times separate from the regular election calendar (AL/3, CA/15, FL/18, IN/4, MS/5, NY/14, NY/18, TX/12, TX/18, WY) have been divided into two races. Special election activity appears in tables referring to all campaigns and is included in the open seat category. Regular election activity of winners of the specials appear in the incumbent category, and their activity begins with the first report following the Post Special filing. The district in which a special election is being held in conjunction with the general (HI/2) is classified as open seat and has not been divided. 5. Percentage figures in Tables covering several election cycles represent the percentage of net receipts from each source and will not sum to 100, since not all sources of receipts are listed. 6. On the Senate listings, the column titles "Candidate Support" includes contributions by the candidate, as well as loans made or guaranteed by the candidate. The column titles "Trans from other auth" includes monies transferred from House committees of candidates for the Senate, as well as proceeds from joint fundraising activity among several candidates or committees. Contributions from individuals and PAC's made through these joint fundraising efforts are NOT included in the "Individual Contributions" or "Non Party Contributions" columns. 7. Detailed listings of candidates include all those participating in the November 6th general election, along with those candidates in Louisiana who received at least 50% of the vote in the primary and were therefore declared the winner of the seat. 8. Some House members who are or were running for the Senate in '90 changed their former House campaign committees into their Senate campaign committees. Financial activity related solely to their Senate campaigns cannot be isolated. (See Akaka and Saiki [HI], Craig [ID], Schneider [RI], Tauke [IA]). 9. One incumbent Senator has carried debts from previous elections which continue to be reflected in the "Debts Owed" column of the detailed listing and in Top 50 listings. See Warner [VA].. 10. Marguerite Chandler [NJ/12] has reported significant roll over of debt during the 1990 campaign. Loans from banks were repayed with newly borrowed money. The reporting of this activity inflates receipts and disbursements by approximately $430,000. 11. Figures for Senate Republican Challengers are significantly affected by the campaign of James Rapaport in Massachusetts. Loans from the Candidate totalling $4,200,000 in this single campaign represent 58% of all candidate loans in Senate general election campaigns. 12. Activity of House Other Party candidates primarily reflects the campaign of Bernard Sanders in Vermont. 13. Party abbreviations in the listing of House campaigns are: DEM - Democrat DFL - Democrat/Farmer/Labor (Minnesota) REP - Republican LIB - Libertarian PAF - Peace and Freedom IND - Independent RTL - Right to Life LBL - Liberal -3- 1989-90 Financial Activity of Senate and House Campaigns 1/ (January 1, 1989 - December 31, 1990) Campaign Number of Net Individual Other 3 THE Candidate Loans from Other Net 2/ Latest Cash Type Candidates Receipts Contributions Committees Contributions Candidate Loans Disbursements on Hand Senate 179 $186,272,486 $119,571,192 $40,989,723 $2,383,093 $9,958,214 $956,972 $180,090,531 $19,075,401 Democrats 82 $89,563,911 $58,547,676 $20,651,489 $2,042,664 $3,595,994 $750,722 $87,620,191 $9,748,691 Incumbents 17 $63,580,949 $43,118,949 $17,014,316 $0 $0 $0 $61,505,136 $9,542,547 Challengers 56 $21,330,456 $13,217,660 $3,015,301 $1,523,867 $2,408,145 $733,972 $21,506,074 $163,439 Open Seats 4/ 9 $4,652,506 $2,211,067 $621,872 $518,797 $1,187,849 $16,750 $4,608,981 $42,705 Republicans 69 $96,699,138 $61,021,562 $20,331,861 $340,339 $6,362,220 $206,250 $92,470,340 $9,326,710 Incumbents 15 $55,182,311 $38,346,448 $12,180,597 $0 $0 $15,500 $52,005,070 $8,227,825 Challengers 47 $33,545,502 $18,972,307 $5,287,054 $338,459 $6,108,2981 $190,750 $33,130,083 $453,528 Open Seats 4/ 7 $7,971,325 $3,702,807 $2,864,210 $1,880 $253,922 $0 $7,335,187 $645,357 Others 28 $9,437 $1,954 $6,373 $90 $0 $0 $0 $0 Challengers 22 $9,437 $1,954 $6,373 $90 $0 $0 $0 $0 Open Seats 4/ 6 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 House 1585 $284,895,593 $129,880,621 $109,573,293 $4,626,804 $20,953,605 $1,248,896 $265,144,263 $78,382,067 Democrats 705 $163,181,085 $66,082,988 $72,794,849 $1,499,329 $11,604,405 $762,330 $150,842,210 $50,584,111 -4- Incumbents 249 $111,351,969 $42,290,109 $58,605,991 $59,940 $1,722,717 $328,538 $99,698,932 $49,756,060 Challengers 314 $20,001,449 $9,849,978 $4,840,291 $801,893 $3,755,484 $70,588 $19,630,034 $422,481 Open Seats 4/ 142 $31,827,667 $13,942,901 $9,348,567 $637,496 $6,126,204 $363,204 $31,513,244 $405,570 Republicans 669 $120,647,498 $63,187,852 $36,694,594 $2,932,301 $9,275,773 $476,681 $113,226,241 $27,791,068 Incumbents 160 $70,046,989 $35,618,572 $28,810,266 $32,449 $362,831 $78,650 $63,271,973 $27,174,244 Challengers 377 $26,525,770 $14,734,924 $2,740,919 $2,371,421 $4,966,809 $214,066 $26,127,630 $408,398 Open Seats 4/ 132 $24,074,739 $12,834,356 $5,143,409 $528,431 $3,946,133 $183,965 $23,826,638 $208,426 Others 12 211 $1,067,010 $609,781 $83,850 $195,174 $73,427 $9,885 $1,075,812 $6,888 Challengers 172 $966,354 $580,854 $83,850 $175,002 $22,687 $9,885 $975,994 $4,968 Open Seats 4/ 39 $100,656 $28,927 $0 $20,172 $50,740 $0 $99,818 $1,920 Summary Democrats 787 $252,744,996 $124,630,664 $93,446,338 $3,541,993 $15,200,399 $1,513,052 $238,462,401 $60,332,802 Republicans 738 $217,346,636 $124,209,414 $57,026,455 $3,272,640 $15,637,993 $682,931 $205,696,581 $37,117,778 Others 239 $1,076,447 $611,735 $90,223 $195,264 $73,427 $9,885 $1,075,812 $6,888 Incumbents 441 $300,162,218 $159,374,078 $116,611,170 $92,389 $2,085,548 $422,688 $276,481,111 $94,700,676 Challengers 988 $102,378,968 $57,357,677 $15,973,788 $5,210,732 $17,261,423 $1,219,261 $101,369,815 $1,452,814 Open Seats 4/ 335 $68,626,893 $32,720,058 $17,978,058 $1,706,776 $11,564,848 $563,919 $67,383,868 $1,303,978 Grand Total 1764 $471,168,079 $249,451,813 $150,563,016 $7,009,897 $30,911,819 $2,205,868 $445,234,794 $97,457,468 1989-90 Financial Activity of Senate and House General Election Campaigns 1/ (January 1, 1989 - December 31, 1990) Campaign Number of Net 2 / Individual Other 3 Candidate Loans from Other Net 2/ Latest Cash Type Candidates Receipts Contributions Committees Contributions Candidate Loans Disbursements on Hand Senate 78 $178,325,656 $115,956,890 $40,622,401 $1,662,783 $7,174,327 $894,576 $172,516,631 $19,024,369 Democrats 34 $85,674,965 $56,960,383 $20,341,189 $1,509,368 $2,211,450 $725,326 $83,782,504 $9,715,570 Incumbents 17 $63,580,949 $43,118,949 $17,014,316 $0 $0 $0 $61,505,136 $9,542,547 Challengers 14 $19,262,355 $12,283,969 $2,800,411 $1,475,681 $1,585,101 $709,326 $19,469,648 $142,934 Open Seats 4/ 3 $2,831,661 $1,557,465 $526,462 $33,687 $626,349 $16,000 $2,807,720 $30,089 Republicans 33 $92,649,461 $58,995,277 $20,281,212 $153,415 $4,962,877 $169,250 $88,733,672 $9,308,025 Incumbents 15 $55,182,311 $38,346,448 $12,180,597 $0 $0 $15,500 $52,005,070 $8,227,825 Challengers 15 $30,043,499 $17,232,068 $5,236,405 $153,415 $4,962,877 11 / $153,750 $29,931,987 $443,414 Open Seats 4/ 3 $7,423,651 $3,416,761 $2,864,210 $0 $0 $0 $6,796,615 $636,786 Others 11 $1,230 $1,230 $0 $0 $0 $0 $455 $774 Challengers 8 $1,230 $1,230 $0 $0 $0 $0 $455 $774 Open Seats 4/ 3 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 House 971 $249,735,341 $112,710,219 $103,950,975 $2,910,597 $12,494,024 $744,772 $230,368,984 $77,932,695 Democrats 413 $142,827,710 $56,573,317 $69,037,586 $561,116 $6,718,964 $522,101 $130,696,867 $50,256,600 -7- Incumbents 249 $111,351,969 $42,290,109 $58,605,991 $59,940 $1,727,717 $328,538 $99,698,932 $49,756,060 Challengers 132 $14,609,174 $6,977,515 $4,417,025 $376,680 $2,245,189 $64,227 $14,348,438 $236,752 Open Seats 4/ 32 $16,866,567 $7,305,693 $6,014,570 $124,496 $2,746,058 $129,336 $16,649,497 $263,788 Republicans 394 $105,945,641 $55,546,294 $34,829,539 $2,195,457 $5,745,252 $212,786 $98,698,521 $27,671,330 Incumbents 159 $69,996,183 $35,596,683 $28,801,266 $32,449 $341,300 $78,650 $63,219,411 $27,168,821 Challengers 206 $22,953,012 $12,940,163 $2,589,058 $2,124,804 $3,701,382 $133,136 $22,621,154 $351,518 Open Seats 4/ 29 $12,996,446 $7,009,448 $3,439,215 $38,204 $1,702,570 $1,000 $12,857,956 $150,991 Others 12/ 164 $961,990 $590,608 $83,850 $154,024 $29,808 $9,885 $973,596 $4,765 Challengers 144 $939,391 $577,594 $83,850 $151,924 $22,687 $9,885 $950,139 $4,432 Open Seats 4/ 20 $22,599 $13,014 $0 $2,100 $7,121 $0 $23,457 $333 Summary Democrats 447 $228,502,675 $113,533,700 $89,378,775 $2,070,484 $8,930,414 $1,247,427 $214,479,371 $59,972,170 Republicans 427 $198,595,102 $114,541,571 $55,110,751 $2,348,872 $10,708,129 $382,036 $187,432,193 $36,979,355 Others 175 $963,220 $591,838 $83,850 $154,024 $29,808 $9,885 $974,051 $5,539 Incumbents 440 $300,111,412 $159,352,189 $116,602,170 $92,389 $2,069,017 $422,688 $276,428,549 $94,695,253 Challengers 519 $87,808,661 $50,012,539 $15,126,749 $4,282,504 $12,517,236 $1,070,324 $87,321,821 $1,179,824 Open Seats 4/ 90 $40,140,924 $19,302,381 $12,844,457 $198,487 $5,082,098 $146,336 $39,135,245 $1,081,987 Grand Total 1049 $428,060,997 $228,667,109 $144,573,376 $4,573,380 $19,668,351 $1,639,348 $402,885,615 $96,957,064 Financial Activity of General Election Congressional Campaigns - 1986-1990 No. of Net 2 Individual Other 3 / Candidate Candidate Other Net 2 TXTX Cash on Candid Receipts Contrib Pct5 Cmte's Pct Contrib Pct Loans Pct Loans Pct Disburse Hand Senate 1990 67 $178.31 $115.96 65.03% $40.62 22.78% $1.65 0.93% $7.17 4.02% $0.89 0.50% $172.51 $19.02 1988 66 $182.61 $118.36 64.82% $44.40 24.31% $6.39 3.50% $4.13 2.26% $0.74 0.41% $184.97 $9.51 1986 69 $191.90 $125.33 65.31% $44.57 23.23% $0.29 0.15% $9.75 5.08% $0.50 0.26% $189.67 $10.10 Democrats 1990 34 $85.67 $56.96 66,49% $20.34 23.74% $1.50 1.75% $2.21 2.58% $0.73 0.85% $83.78 $9.71 1988 33 $96.52 $59.69 61.84% $23.20 24,04% $6.30 6.53% $2.26 2.34% $0.71 0.74% $96.97 $5.70 1986 35 $83.52 $50.93 60.98% $19.85 23.77% $0.26 0.31% $7.98 9.55% $0.15 0.18% $80.83 $4.00 Incumbents 1990 17 $63.58 $43.12 67.82% $17.01 26.75% $0.00 0.00% $0.00 0.00% $0.00 0.00% $61.50 $9.54 1988 15 $51.00 $32.56 63.84% $15.27 29.94% $0.00 0.00% $0.33 0.65% $0.10 0.20% $51.86 $5.03 1986 9 $26.30 $17.50 66.54% $7.31 27.79% $0.13 0.49% $0.37 1.41% $0.00 0.00% $24.41 $3.13 Challengers 1990 14 $19.26 $12.28 63.76% $2.80 14.54% $1.47 7.63% $1.58 8.20% $0.71 3.69% $19.47 $0.14 1988 12 $26.18 $19.34 73.87% $4.55 17.38% $0.01 0.04% $0.84 3.21% $0.58 2.22% $25.93 $0.24 1986 19 $37.04 $20.39 55.05% $7.82 21.11% $0.13 0.35% $6.50 17.55% $0.04 0.11% $36.48 $0.63 Open Seats 4 / 1990 3 $2.83 $1.56 55.12% $0.53 18.73% $0.03 1.06% $0.63 22.26% $0.02 0.71% $2.81 $0.03 -8- 1988 6 $19.34 $7.79 40.28% $3.38 17.48% $6.29 32.52% $1.09 5.64% $0.03 0.16% $19.18 $0.43 1986 7 $20.18 $13.04 64.62% $4.72 23.39% $0.00 0.00% $1.11 5.50% $0.11 0.55% $19.94 $0.24 Republicans 1990 33 $92.64 $59.00 63.69% $20.28 21.89% $0.15 0.16% $4.96 5.35% $0.16 0.17% $88.73 $9.31 1988 33 $86.09 $58.67 68.15% $21.20 24.63% $0.09 0.10% $1.87 2.17% $0.03 0.03% $88.00 $3.81 1986 34 $108.38 $74.40 68.65% $24.72 22.81% $0.03 0.03% $1.77 1.63% $0.35 0.32% $108.84 $6.10 Incumbents 1990 15 $55.18 $38.35 69.50% $12.18 22.07% $0.00 0.00% $0.00 0.00% $0.01 0.02% $52.00 $8.23 1988 12 $47.25 $31.63 66.94% $13.42 28.40% $0.00 0.00% $0.10 0.21% $0.00 0.00% $49.34 $2.84 1986 18 $64.00 $43.59 68.11% $16.38 25.59% $0.00 0.00% $0.00 0.00% $0.10 0.16% $64.88 $5.73 Challengers 1990 15 $30.04 $17.23 57.36% $5.24 17.44% $0.15 0.50% $4.96 11 16.51% $0.15 0.50% $29.93 $0.44 1988 15 $23.13 $17.47 75.53% $3.12 13.49% $0.09 0.39% $1.52 6.57% $0.02 0.09% $23.21 $0.34 1986 9 $16.92 $13.01 76.89% $1.89 11.17% $0.02 0.12% $1.18 6.97% $0.06 0.35% $16.88 $0.05 Open Seats 4/ 1990 3 $7.42 $3.42 46.09% $2.86 38.54% $0.00 0.00% $0.00 0.00% $0.00 0.00% $6.80 $0.64 1988 6 $15.71 $9.57 60.92% $4.66 29.66% $0.00 0.00% $0.25 1.59% $0.01 0.06% $15.45 $0.63 1986 7 $27.46 $17.80 64.82% $6.45 23.49% $0.01 0.04% $0.59 2.15% $0.19 0.69% $27.08 $0.32 (in Millions of Dollars) Financial Activity of General Election Congressional Campaigns - 1986-1990 No. of Net 2, Individual Other 3/ Candidate Candidate Other Net 2 Cash on Candid Receipts Contrib Pct 5 Cmte's Pct Contrib Pct Loans Pct Loans Pct Disburse Hand House 1990 807 $248.78 $112.12 45,07% $103.86 41.75% $2.75 1.11% $12.46 5.01% $0.73 0.29% $229.40 $77.93 1988 813 $242.46 $113.36 46.75% $99.10 40.87% $1.57 0.65% $11.58 4.78% $1.19 0.49% $222.25 $64.55 1986 810 $228.24 $113.10 49.55% $85.24 37.35% $2.03 0.89% $12.59 5.52% $1.51 0.66% $210.24 $49.02 Democrats 1990 413 $142.83 $56.57 39.61% $69.03 48.33% $0.56 0.39% $6.72 4.70% $0.52 0.36% $130.70 $50.26 1988 429 $137.38 $56.16 40.88% $65.35 47.57% $0.69 0.50% $5.74 4.18% $1.04 0.76% $123.06 $41.36 1986 427 $123.89 $55.52 44.81% $53.33 43.05% $1.26 1.02% $5.92 4.78% $1.25 1.01% $112.97 $28.76 Incumbents 1990 249 $111.35 $42.29 37.98% $58.60 52.63% $0.06 0.05% $1.73 1.55% $0.33 0.30% $99.70 $49.76 1988 248 $102.53 $40.46 39.46% $53.36 52.04% $0.05 0.05% $1.44 1.40% $0.81 0.79% $88.85 $40.67 1986 235 $83.51 $35.50 42.51% $40.97 49.06% $0.31 0.37% $0.98 1.17% $0.59 0.71% $73.10 $28.17 Challengers 1990 132 $14.61 $6.98 47.78% $4.42 30.25% $0.38 2.60% $2.24 15.33% $0.06 0.41% $14.35 $0.24 1988 154 $22.50 $10.79 47.96% $7.34 32.62% $0.53 2.36% $2.58 11.47% $0.09 0.40% $22.14 $0.39 1986 147 $21.32 $10.92 51.22% $6.41 30.07% $0.47 2.20% $2.42 11.35% $0.16 0.75% $21.10 $0.28 Open Seats 4 / 1990 32 $16.87 $7.30 43.27% $6.01 35.63% $0.12 0.71% $2.75 16.30% $0.13 0.77% $16.65 $0.26 -9- 1988 27 $12.35 $4.91 39.76% $4.65 37.65% $0.11 0.89% $1.72 13.93% $0.14 1.13% $12.07 $0.30 1986 45 $19.06 $9.10 47.74% $5.95 31.22% $0.48 2.52% $2.52 13.22% $0.50 2.62% $18.77 $0.31 Republicans 1990 394 $105.95 $55.55 52.43% $34.83 32.87% $2.19 2.07% $5.74 5.42% $0.21 0.20% $98.70 $27.67 1988 384 $105.08 $57.20 54.43% $33.75 32.12% $0.88 0.84% $5.84 5.56% $0.15 0.14% $99.19 $23.19 1986 383 $104.35 $57.58 55.18% $31.91 30.58% $0.77 0.74% $6.67 6.39% $0.26 0.25% $97.27 $20.26 Incumbents 1990 159 $70.00 $35.60 50.86% $28.80 41.14% $0.03 0.04% $0.34 0.49% $0.08 0.11% $63.22 $27.17 1988 164 $72.46 $37.97 52.40% $28.68 39.58% $0.09 0.12% $0.77 1.06% $0.06 0.08% $67.11 $22.74 1986 160 $65.78 $35.38 53.79% $24.83 37.75% $0.11 0.17% $0.54 0.82% $0.08 0.12% $58.98 $19.73 Challengers 1990 206 $22.95 $12.94 56.38% $2.59 11.29% $2.12 9.24% $3.70 16.12% $0.13 0.57% $22.62 $0.35 1988 194 $19.83 $11.82 59.61% $2.17 10.94% $0.72 3.63% $3.44 17.35% $0.05 0.25% $19.48 $0.22 1986 182 $20.06 $11.60 57.83% $2.34 11.67% $0.55 2.74% $4.20 20.94% $0.13 0.65% $19.97 $0.27 Open Seats/ / 1990 29 $13.00 $7.01 53.92% $3.44 26.46% $0.04 0.31% $1.70 13.08% $0.00 0.00% $12.86 $0.15 1988 26 $12.79 $7.41 57.94% $2.90 22.67% $0.07 0.55% $1.63 12.74% $0.04 0.31% $12.60 $0.23 1986 41 $18.51 $10.60 57.27% $4.74 25.61% $0.11 0.59% $1.93 10.43% $0.05 0.27% $18.32 $0.26 (in Millions of Dollars) Senate Campaigns Spending and State Voting Age Population - 1986-1990 Voting Age Pop Senate Spend per Voting Age Pop Senate Spend per Voting Age Pop Senate Spend per 1986 Spending VAP 1986 1988 Spending VAP 1988 1990 Spending VAP 1990 Alabama 2,904,000 $6,884,595 $2.37 2,966,000 3,010,000 $5,058,029 $1.68 Alaska 351,000 $1,801,130 $5.13 354,000 362,000 $1,274,954 $3.52 Arizona 2,312,000 $2,907,100 $1.26 2,467,000 $2,879,019 $1.17 2,575,000 Arkansas 1,713,000 $2,611,774 $1.52 1,741,000 1,756,000 $368,579 $0.21 California 19,525,000 $22,819,023 $1.17 20,362,000 $19,957,156 $0.98 21,350,000 Colorado 2,367,000 $7,552,779 $3.19 2,422,000 2,453,000 $5,667,333 $2.31 Connecticut 2,418,000 $2,743,658 $1.13 2,454,000 $5,130,681 $2.09 2,479,000 Delaware 465,000 482,000 $4,177,437 $8.67 504,000 $2,128,815 $4.22 Florida 8,830,000 $12,897,392 $1.46 9,319,000 $8,896,491 $0.95 9,799,000 Georgia 4,318,000 $7,898,546 $1.83 4,486,000 4,639,000 $882,336 $0.19 Hawaii 764,000 $1,071,763 $1.40 797,000 $527,905 $0.66 825,000 $4,159,800 $5.04 Idaho 681,000 $5,358,153 $7.87 693,000 710,000 $2,196,951 $3.09 Illinois 8,436,000 $2,780,055 $0.33 8,547,000 8,678,000 $12,578,127 $1.45 Indiana 3,993,000 $2,106,748 $0.53 4,061,000 $3,330,033 $0.82 4,133,000 $4,795,977 $1.16 lowa 2,111,000 $2,768,992 $1.31 2,102,000 2,132,000 $10,323,672 $4.84 Kansas 1,875,000 $1,517,585 $0.81 1,825,000 1,854,000 $424,014 $0.23 Kentucky 2,703,000 $1,260,196 $0.47 2,731,000 2,760,000 $8,001,811 $2.90 Louisiana 3,126,000 $8,924,773 $2.86 3,145,000 3,109,000 $7,604,788 $2.45 Maine 860,000 884,000 $1,487,917 $1.68 917,000 $3,203,089 $3.49 Maryland 3,295,000 $3,756,597 $1.14 3,410,000 $2,129,272 $0.62 3,533,000 Massachusetts 4,458,000 4,519,000 $3,290,188 $0.73 4,576,000 $11,412,688 $2.49 Michigan 6,605,000 6,740,000 $3,826,542 $0.57 6,829,000 $9,347,967 $1.37 -10- Minnesota 3,054,000 3,135,000 $7,883,278 $2.51 3,224,000 $7,562,041 $2.35 Mississippi 1,824,000 1,833,000 $5,761,199 $3.14 1,852,000 $567,446 $0.31 Missouri 3,702,000 $9,773,916 $2.64 3,794,000 $4,873,155 $1.28 3,854,000 Montana 592,000 585,000 $2,414,632 $4.13 588,000 $3,156,923 $5.37 Nebraska 1,158,000 1,171,000 $6,872,509 $5.87 1,187,000 $3,802,420 $3.20 Nevada 716,000 $4,744,218 $6.63 755,000 $5,965,653 $7.90 833,000 New Hampshire 745,000 $1,138,858 $1.53 791,000 828,000 $1,702,074 $2.06 New Jersey 5,700,000 5,841,000 $14,914,912 $2.55 5,903,000 $10,365,602 $1.76 New Mexico 1,002,000 1,053,000 $3,468,283 $3.29 1,074,000 $1,963,567 $1.83 New York 13,414,000 $9,794,788 $0.73 13,464,000 $5,338,798 $0.40 13,600,000 North Carolina 4,666,000 $9,356,753 $2.01 4,786,000 4,929,000 $21,166,856 $4.29 North Dakota 488,000 $3,177,931 $6.51 485,000 $2,933,424 $6.05 481,000 Ohio 7,871,000 $1,976,934 $0.25 7,947,000 $16,778,886 $2.11 8,090,000 Oklahoma 2,377,000 $5,817,947 $2.45 2,379,000 2,371,000 $1,512,926 $0.64 Oregon 1,976,000 $6,587,429 $3.33 2,038,000 2,123,000 $3,836,157 $1.81 Pennsylvania 8,976,000 $9,891,247 $1.10 9,085,000 $5,678,348 $0.63 9,199,000 Rhode Island 743,000 757,000 $5,723,126 $7.56 767,000 $4,423,737 $5.77 South Carolina 2,425,000 $2,818,131 $1.16 2,484,000 2,558,000 $1,922,934 $0.75 South Dakota 502,000 $6,776,971 $13.50 513,000 519,000 $2,988,111 $5.76 Tennessee 3,531,000 3,604,000 $3,682,036 $1.02 3,685,000 $1,637,490 $0.44 Texas 11,572,000 11,805,000 $10,182,706 $0.86 12,038,000 $11,476,191 $0.95 Utah 1,031,000 $766,153 $0.74 1,051,000 $3,844,856 $3.66 1,076,000 Vermont 395,000 $3,207,403 $8.12 408,000 $1,426,785 $3.50 425,000 Virginia 4,262,000 4,444,000 $3,163,895 $0.71 4,615,000 $1,284,865 $0.28 Washington 3,229,000 $5,202,614 $1.61 3,369,000 $5,042,778 $1.50 3,545,000 West Virginia 1,420,000 1,407,000 $1,214,993 $0.86 1,394,000 $2,673,224 $1.92 Wisconsin 3,491,000 $4,740,572 $1.36 3,537,000 $10,345,442 $2.92 3,612,000 Wyoming 349,000 342,000 $1,835,230 $5.37 339,000 $1,006,705 $2.97 Median Disbursements of House General Election Candidates by Candidate Status and Electoral Margin 1981 -82 1983 84 1985 -86 1987 -88 1989 -90 #of can. Amount #of can. Amount #of can. Amount #of can. Amount #of can. Amount Won - 60% or more Incumbent 268 $164,409 315 $194,107 333 $239,341 353 $287,996 294 $295,405 Challenger 5 $191,200 2 $385,482 1 $375,663 1 $516,737 1 $732,765 Open Seat 4/ 22 $323,885 12 $301,874 15 $487,797 10 $453,913 12 $649,133 Won - 55%-59% Incumbent 52 $310,727 48 $368,549 33 $541,453 30 $640,539 62 $499,785 Challenger 5 $211,030 2 $527,876 1 $854,616 1 $385,402 4 $437,938 Open Seat 4/ 13 $274,613 7 $428,244 8 $578,334 4 $515,266 5 $565,410 Won - less than 55% Incumbent 38 $356,699 32 $458,241 23 $592,313 23 $581,888 37 $575,637 Challenger 21 $266,401 17 $421,870 5 $435,435 5* $600,114 11 $465,160 Open Seat 4/ 15 $366,711 11 $444,445 20 $425,307 13 $569,830 13 $541,960 Lost - more than 45 Incumbent 22 $460,353 13 $389,043 5 $565,374 3 $1,069,699 8 $581,395 Challenger 27 $200,138 22 $384,712 22 $361,065 13 $378,469 26 $205,287 Open Seat 4/ 11 $288,924 8 $438,183 13 $418,486 8 $489,937 12 $484,419 Lost - 41%-45% Incumbent 5 $313,299 4 $466,803 1 $788,795 2 $723,638 6 $805,787 Challenger 53 $161,532 47 $241,122 32 $251,068 27 $355,016 37 $134,772 Open Seat 11 $101,798 7 $342,678 11 $316,033 6 $463,725 2 $228,828 Lost - 40% or less Incumbent 2 $407,832 - - - - 1 $696,301 1 $688,907 Challenger 168 $41,431 187 $44,207 208 $45,777 230 $44,205 163 $36,124 Open Seat 4/ 27 $107,343 11 $116,447 17 $63,467 11 $80,675 12 $236,018 Note: Includes only Major Party Candidates who raised or spent at least $5,000 * Includes Tom Campbell in California 12th district where the incumbent lost in the primary ** John Boehner in Ohio 8th district where the incumbent lost in the primary -11- Individual Non Party 3/ Candidate 6/Trans from Ending Cash Closing Candidate Receipts Contributions Contributions Support Other Auth. Disburse on Hand Debts ALABAMA Howell Heflin Dem 84 Inc $484,533 $0 1985-86 $95,976 $13,574 $8,700 $0 $0 $112,924 $467,585 $0 1987-88 $487,368 $233,398 $178,650 $0 $0 $136,899 $818,054 $0 1989-90 $3,422,129 $1,810,620 $1,320,755 $0 $0 $3,204,160 $1,036,023 $0 William Cabaniss Rep 1987-88 Chl $112,850 $111,850 $1,000 $0 $0 $11,798 $101,052 $0 1989-90 $1,757,312 $1,424,131 $77,246 $112,000 $73,500 $1,853,869 $4,544 $109,291 ALASKA Ted Stevens Rep 84 Inc $184,675 $0 1985-86 $63,469 $5,944 $29,236 $0 $0 $227,758 $29,709 $0 1987-88 $230,467 $115,958 $104,550 $0 $0 $132,078 $128,099 $0 1989-90 $1,380,780 $402,133 $751,450 $0 $135,177 $1,273,954 $234,997 $0 Michael Beasley Dem 1989-90 Chl $1,000 $0 $0 $1,000 $0 $445 $555 $0 ARKANSAS David Pryor Dem 84 Inc $174,188 $10,000 -12- 1985-86 $66,512 $23,030 $5,300 $0 $0 $179,376 $65,285 $0 1987-88 $205,879 $72,633 $106,332 $0 $0 $125,965 $145,200 $0 1989-90 $1,228,545 $614,196 $485,067 $0 $0 $368,579 $1,005,464 $0 COLORADO Hank Brown Rep 1989-90 Opn $4,179,746 $2,008,702 $1,389,784 $0 $412,412 $3,723,911 $455,834 $12,650 Josephine Heath Dem 1989-90 Opn $1,953,120 $1,206,831 $314,413 $400,295 $0 $1,943,422 $9,697 $185,000 DELAWARE Joseph Biden Dem 84 Inc $24,489 $251 1985-86 $737,278 $690,234 $12,200 $0 $0 $340,144 $421,624 $0 1987-88 $183,705 $111,289 $14,625 $0 $0 $422,550 $182,779 $0 1989-90 $1,898,297 $1,064,609 $690,816 $0 $0 $1,888,146 $190,151 $49,000 Jane Brady Rep 1989-90 Chl $244,788 $218,936 $0 $0 $9,107 $240,669 $4,117 $17,378 Individual Non Party 3/ Candidate 6 / Trans from Ending Cash Closing Candidate Receipts Contributions Contributions Support Other Auth. Disburse on Hand Debts GEORGIA Sam Nunn Dem 84 Inc $676,199 $0 1985-86 $88,607 $401 $17,666 $0 $0 $194,063 $570,743 $0 1987-88 $52,083 $0 $0 $0 $0 $168,653 $454,173 $0 1989-90 $1,978,221 - $1,171,569 $627,010 $0 $0 $882,336 $1,550,058 $0 HAWAII Daniel Akaka 8/ Dem 1989-90 Inc $1,764,875 $859,896 $854,107 $0 $0 $1,760,839 $161,134 $253,196 Patricia Saiki 8/ Rep 1989-90 Chl $2,570,035 $1,279,699 $902,829 $0 $128,713 $2,398,961 $195,614 $0 IDAHO Larry Craig 8/ Rep 1989-90 Opn $1,734,617 $747,943 $811,026 $0 $73,500 $1,652,532 $91,834 $0 Ron Twilegar Dem 1989-90 Opn $544,516 $156,470 $212,049 $137,991 $0 $544,419 $96 $230,070 ILLINOIS Paul Simon Dem 84 Inc $4,784 $413,750 -13- 1985-86 $985,043 $768,401 $232,530 $0 ($300) $974,286 $15,543 $43,677 1987-88 $196,632 $100,481 $59,510 $30,000 $0 $174,140 $38,036 $0 1989-90 $8,462,209 $6,698,373 $1,480,221 $0 $15,760 $7,656,514 $843,731 $0 Lynn Martin Rep 1989-90 Chl $4,986,730 $3,056,751 $1,193,942 $0 $578,976 $4,921,613 $65,116 $0 INDIANA Dan Coats Rep 1989-90 Inc $4,082,803 $2,404,943 $1,113,664 $0 $440,268 $3,718,903 $363,900 $0 Baron Hill Dem 1989-90 Chl $1,082,402 $544,189 $488,461 $1,000 $0 $1,077,074 $5,329 $16,194 IOWA Tom Harkin Dem 84 Inc $5,067 $6,594 1985-86 $151,927 $29,466 $76,509 $0 $0 $112,114 $44,882 $0 1987-88 $580,093 $382,913 $183,255 $0 $0 $285,489 $339,487 $0 1989-90 $4,983,819 $3,331,293 $1,546,535 $0 $0 $5,263,568 $59,737 $48,515 Tom Tauke 8/ Rep 1989-90 Chl $4,941,809 $3,284,974 $1,374,706 $120 $119,865 $5,060,104 $4,960 $30,387 Individual Non Party 3/ Candidate / Trans from Ending Cash Closing Candidate Receipts Contributions Contributions Support Other Auth. Disburse on Hand Debts KANSAS Nancy L Kassebaum Rep 84 Inc $217,804 $0 1985-86 $29,360 $435 ($225) $0 $0 $72,154 $175,010 $0 1987-88 $21,752 $1,550 $1,000 $0 $0 $54,091 $142,671 $0 1989-90 $481,852 $241,307 $187,858 $0 $0 $407,387 $217,135 $0 Dick Williams Dem 1989-90 Chl $16,827 $11,507 $500 $4,819 $0 $16,627 $200 $4,017 KENTUCKY Mitch McConnell Rep 84 Inc $27,443 $36,378 1985-86 $869,801 $538,463 $159,881 $0 $0 $198,624 $555,502 $0 1987-88 $764,342 $589,762 $41,250 $0 $0 $126,617 $1,190,977 $0 1989-90 $4,073,583 $2,485,976 $1,076,029 $0 $172,226 $5,074,187 $190,373 $0 Harvey Sloane Dem 1987-88 Chl $441,249 $412,049 $29,200 $0 $0 $89,343 $351,905 $0 1989-90 $2,571,559 $1,044,213 $518,688 $527,500 $0 $2,927,624 $7,972 $14,500 LOUISIANA J Bennett Johnston Dem 84 Inc $984,831 $0 -14- 1985-86 $326,123 $8,708 $6,350 $0 $0 $663,881 $1,602,420 $0 1987-88 $323,065 $17,342 $30,432 $0 $0 $157,703 $1,767,782 $0 1989-90 $4,167,111 $2,271,077 $1,416,331 $0 $0 $4,989,521 $945,371 $0 David Duke Rep 1989-90 Chl $2,670,311 $2,571,210 $0 $85,650 $0 $2,615,267 $55,044 $31,450 MAINE William Cohen Rep 84 Inc $139,971 $0 1985-86 $35,004 $2,685 $2,250 $0 $0 $30,418 $144,557 $0 1987-88 $24,282 $3,115 $3,500 $0 $0 $31,010 $137,829 $0 1989-90 $1,452,273 $775,382 $549,194 $0 $46,550 $1,572,195 $17,906 $0 Neil Rolde Dem 1989-90 Chl $1,653,717 $64,650 $29,647 $1,518,222 $0 $1,630,894 $4,823 $75,000 Individual Non Party 3/ Candidate 6/ Trans from Ending Cash Closing Candidate Receipts Contributions Contributions Support Other Auth. Disburse on Hand Debts MASSACHUSETTS John Kerry Dem 84 Inc $99,770 $403,628 1985-86 $1,299,765 $983,923 ($150) $295,377 $10,642 $1,317,746 ($11,245) $27,172 1987-88 $526,572 $417,966 $1,420 $50,000 $0 $511,300 $33,965 $29,014 1989-90 $6,215,076 $6,085,623 $14,582 $0 $0 $6,234,887 $12,055 $92,765 James Rappaport Rep 1989-90 Chl $5,185,061 $666,525 $177,205 $4,220,138 $57,250 $5,177,801 $7,260 $4,342,006 MICHIGAN Carl Levin Dem 84 Inc $55,177 $0 1985-86 $87,125 $35,434 $7,426 $0 $0 $77,802 $64,501 $0 1987-88 $193,733 $161,083 $6,850 $0 $0 $74,100 $184,134 $0 1989-90 $6,948,096 $5,142,095 $1,392,502 $0 $7,760 $6,930,262 $201,966 $106,156 Bill Schuette Rep 1989-90 Chl $2,488,958 $1,368,656 $735,932 $245,000 $73,500 $2,417,705 $71,253 $245,000 MINNESOTA Rudy Boschwitz Rep 84 Inc $214,480 $7,448 1985-86 $727,655 $643,870 $14,030 $0 $0 $774,468 $167,665 $14,500 -15- 1987-88 $943,504 $874,801 $12,107 $0 $0 $869,542 $213,815 $0 1989-90 $6,086,588 $4,516,165 $1,211,209 $0 $127,618 $6,221,333 $79,070 $7,060 Paul Wellstone Dem 1989-90 Chi $1,403,208 $1,022,075 $294,520 $0 $0 $1,340,708 $62,500 $117,513 MISSISSIPPI Thad Cochran Rep 84 Inc $138,875 $0 1985-86 $95,293 $5,877 $27,986 $0 $0 $59,486 $174,683 $5,000 1987-88 $50,762 $12,135 $6,700 $0 $0 $66,975 $158,470 $0 1989-90 $1,316,810 $520,422 $534,450 $0 $157,588 $567,446 $908,834 $0 MONTANA Max Baucus Dem 84 Inc $46,806 $16,896 1985-86 $38,349 $6,740 $5,450 $0 $0 $82,286 $2,870 $0 1987-88 $369,745 $104,729 $276,405 $0 $0 $116,004 $256,611 $42,411 1989-90 $2,667,328 $1,136,817 $1,377,663 $0 $0 $2,409,262 $505,883 $0 Allen Kolstad Rep 1989-90 Chl $748,100 $465,271 $74,898 $80,500 $73,500 $747,661 $439 $60,200 Individual Non Party3 / Candidate 6/Trans from Ending Cash Closing Candidate Receipts Contributions Contributions Support Other Auth. Disburse on Hand Debts NEBRASKA James Exon Dem 84 Inc $51,762 $36 1985-86 $22,784 $50 $4,475 $0 $0 $33,742 $40,803 $911 1987-88 $14,985 $2,155 $9,250 $0 $0 $34,267 $21,521 $2,141 1989-90 $2,598,356 $1,014,747 $1,503,897 $0 $0 $2,349,739 $270,574 $0 Hal Daub Rep 1989-90 Chl $1,461,846 $1,310,066 $0 $1,000 $88,500 $1,452,681 $9,164 $93,511 NEW HAMPSHIRE Robert C. Smith Rep 1989-90 Opn $1,509,288 $660,116 $663,400 $0 $132,665 $1,420,172 $89,118 $0 John Durkin Dem 1989-90 Opn $334,025 $194,164 $0 $121,750 $0 $319,879 $20,296 $135,398 NEW JERSEY Bill Bradley Dem 84 Inc $376,495 $92,820 1985-86 $1,354,146 $1,205,250 $114,699 $80,892 $0 $1,050,477 $680,163 $16,731 1987-88 $3,385,815 $2,941,506 $235,433 $410 $0 $1,861,108 $2,205,474 $27,200 1989-90 $8,134,268 $6,502,155 $1,062,309 $0 $0 $9,563,942 $775,770 $83,000 -16- Christine Whitman Rep 1989-90 Chl $827,006 $494,327 $10,782 $288,348 $9,107 $801,660 $13,594 $125,895 NEW MEXICO Pete Domenici Rep 84 Inc $36,616 $121,566 1985-86 $259,492 $109,320 $8,063 $0 $0 $244,892 $51,215 $600 1987-88 $63,824 $50,575 $8,100 $0 $0 $82,440 $32,598 $0 1989-90 $2,110,973 $1,052,037 $773,374 $0 $143,000 $1,925,057 $218,513 $0 Tom Benavides Dem 1989-90 Chl $38,643 $6,183 $13,250 $18,210 $0 $38,510 $133 $10,728 NORTH CAROLINA Jesse Helms Rep 84 Inc $22,878 $452,427 1985-86 $2,733,496 $543,919 $154,120 $0 $1,958,495 $2,756,310 $65 $18,993 1987-88 $1,710,893 $1,671,409 $12,112 $0 $0 $1,649,933 $61,024 $20,746 1989-90 $13,306,640 $12,346,429 $835,104 $0 $53,205 $13,355,336 $12,326 $914,288 Harvey Gantt Dem 1989-90 Chl $7,859,877 $7,081,114 $695,852 $45,000 $0 $7,811,520 $48,358 $35,235 Individual Non Party 3/ Candidate 6 Trans from Ending Cash Closing Candidate Receipts Contributions Contributions Support Other Auth. Disburse on Hand Debts OKLAHOMA David Boren Dem 84 Inc $52,468 $0 1985-86 $33,881 $30,508 ($1,000) $0 $0 $86,296 $51 $0 1987-88 $429,365 $409,533 $0 $1,500 $0 $152,611 $276,803 $0 1989-90 $1,253,344 $1,156,516 $0 $0 $0 $1,372,014 $158,133 $0 Stephen Jones Rep 1989-90 Chl $140,911 $51,050 $0 $79,204 $0 $140,912 $0 $0 OREGON Mark Hatfield Rep 84 Inc $243,511 $0 1985-86 $101,241 $29,979 $28,439 $0 $0 $168,343 $176,410 $0 1987-88 $216,801 $107,161 $60,600 $0 $0 $223,831 $161,251 $0 1989-90 $2,200,139 $1,065,089 $969,720 $0 $62,800 $2,357,058 $4,332 $25,223 Harold Lonsdale Dem 1989-90 Chl $1,496,111 $624,769 $0 $813,152 $0 $1,479,099 $3,202 $720,504 RHODE ISLAND Claiborne Pell Dem 84 Inc $338,004 $0 -17- 1985-86 $56,433 $1,000 $0 $0 $0 $21,106 $373,330 $0 1987-88 $66,791 $2 $1,555 $0 $0 $11,936 $428,187 $0 1989-90 $2,138,199 $1,125,436 $885,678 $0 $0 $2,350,128 $216,256 $0 Claudine Schneider 8/ Rep 1989-90 Chl $1,989,616 $1,026,638 $688,865 $0 $176,333 $2,056,923 $29,279 $8,766 SOUTH CAROLINA Strom Thurmond Rep 84 Inc $364,686 $0 1985-86 $36,370 $2,163 $16,130 $0 $0 $350,926 $50,130 $0 1987-88 $93,675 $25,670 $58,430 $0 $0 $83,121 $60,683 $0 1989-90 $2,077,112 $1,364,044 $562,695 $0 $76,011 $1,916,702 $221,092 $0 Robert Cunningham Dem 1989-90 Chl $6,379 $0 $0 $6,379 $0 $6,232 $147 $0 SOUTH DAKOTA Larry Pressler Rep 84 Inc $325,441 $0 1985-86 $83,185 $17,624 $15,250 $0 $0 $178,334 $230,291 $0 1987-88 $302,331 $155,292 $95,250 $0 $0 $294,175 $238,225 $0 1989-90 $1,982,702 $876,549 $861,339 $0 $132,628 $1,664,341 $556,585 $0 Theodore Muenster Dem 1989-90 Chl $1,335,356 $812,413 $492,661 $0 $0 $1,323,770 $11,586 $15,914 Individual Non Party3 Candidate 6/Trans from Ending Cash Closing Candidate Receipts Contributions Contributions Support Other Auth. Disburse on Hand Debts TENNESSEE Albert Gore Dem 84 Inc ($14,967) $4,368 1985-86 $248,533 $91,732 $112,240 $0 $0 $177,014 $69,611 $0 1987-88 $161,878 $40,513 $107,750 $0 $0 $134,439 $97,049 $0 1989-90 $2,241,915 $1,189,705 $931,438 $0 $24,000 $1,630,919 $708,043 $0 William Hawkins Rep 1989-90 Chl $8,395 $3,245 $0 $0 $0 $6,510 $61 $0 TEXAS Phil Gramm Rep 84 Inc $353,926 $98,677 1985-86 $1,176,265 $979,341 $75,249 $0 $0 $1,248,729 $281,462 $0 1987-88 $3,465,699 $2,921,478 $306,228 $0 $19,437 $1,427,054 $2,320,105 $0 1989-90 $11,626,377 $9,081,419 $1,426,839 $0 $114,306 $9,799,104 $4,147,378 $0 Hugh Parmer Dem 1989-90 Chl $1,674,600 $947,452 $263,762 $124,400 $0 $1,677,087 ($2,485) $100,065 VIRGINIA John Warner Rep 84 Inc $44,416 $0 -18- 1985-86 $81,926 $3,137 $23,134 $0 $64,033 $104,669 $21,672 $400,000 1987-88 $56,947 $6,386 $2,921 $0 $46,995 $54,857 $23,762 $400,000 1989-90 $1,750,032 $824,167 $621,899 $0 $235,951 $1,151,605 $622,138 $400,000 9/ WEST VIRGINIA Jay Rockefeller Dem 84 Inc $36,508 $10,277,965 1985-86 $32,980 $8,859 $4,335 $9,500 $0 $63,030 $6,459 $10,257,500 1987-88 $85,235 $38,443 $46,791 $0 $0 $18,337 $73,356 $0 1989-90 $3,479,161 $1,944,222 $1,425,405 $0 $0 $2,650,320 $902,198 $0 John Yoder Rep 1989-90 Chl $22,541 $10,589 $0 $4,332 $0 $22,904 ($364) $4,332 WYOMING Alan Simpson Rep 84 Inc $205,615 $28,270 1985-86 $122,897 $2,795 $7,250 $0 ($4,933) $174,267 $154,246 $65,300 1987-88 $294,383 $128,067 $84,700 $22,000 $28,345 $268,569 $180,059 $1,495 1989-90 $1,253,647 $390,336 $705,773 $0 $87,048 $1,000,462 $433,246 $7,918 Mary K. Helling 1989-90 $6,431 $2,889 $2,500 $1,000 $0 $6,243 $187 $0 1989-90 TOP 50 SENATE - RECEIPTS RANK CANDIDATE STATE PARTY INC NET CHL RECEIPTS OPN 1 HELMS, JESSE NC REP I $13,306,640 2 GRAMM, WILLIAM PHILIP TX REP I $11,626,377 3 SIMON, PAUL IL DEM I $8,462,209 4 BRADLEY, BILL NJ DEM I $8,134,268 5 GANTT, HARVEY B NC DEM C $7,859,877 6 LEVIN, CARL MI DEM I $6,948,096 7 KERRY, JOHN F MA DEM I $6,215,076 8 BOSCHWITZ, RUDY MN REP I $6,086,588 9 RAPPAPORT, JAMES W MA REP C $5,185,061 10 MARTIN, LYNN IL REP C $4,986,730 11 HARKIN, THOMAS R IA DEM I $4,983,819 12 TAUKE, TOM 8/ IA REP C $4,941,809 13 BROWN, G HANKS CO REP O $4,179,746 14 JOHNSTON, J BENNETT LA DEM I $4,167,111 15 COATS, DANIEL R IN REP I $4,082,803 16 MCCONNELL, MITCH KY REP I $4,073,583 17 ROCKEFELLER, JOHN D IV WV DEM I $3,479,161 18 HEFLIN, HOWELL THOMAS AL DEM I $3,422,129 19 DUKE, DAVID E LA REP C $2,670,311 20 BAUCUS, MAX S MT DEM I $2,667,328 21 EXON, J JAMES NE DEM I $2,598,356 22 SLOANE, HARVEY I MD KY DEM C $2,571,559 23 SAIKI, PATRICIA FUKUDA 8/ HI REP C $2,570,035 24 SCHUETTE, WILLIAM D MI REP C $2,488,958 25 GORE, ALBERT JR TN DEM I $2,241,915 26 HATFIELD, MARK o OR REP I $2,200,139 27 PELL, CLAIBORNE RI DEM I $2,138,199 28 DOMENICI, PETE NM REP I $2,110,973 29 THURMOND, STROM SC REP I $2,077,112 30 SCHNEIDER, CLAUDINE C 8/ RI REP C $1,989,696 31 PRESSLER, LARRY SD REP I $1,982,702 32 NUNN, SAMUEL AUGUSTUS GA DEM I $1,978,221 33 HEATH, JOSEPHINE WARD (JO CO DEM O $1,953,120 34 BIDEN, JOSEPH R JR DE DEM I $1,898,297 35 AKAKA, DANIEL K8/ HI DEM I $1,764,875 36 CABANISS, BILL AL REP C $1,757,312 37 WARNER, JOHN WILLIAM III VA REP I $1,750,032 38 CRAIG, LARRY E 8/ ID REP o $1,734,617 39 PARMER, HUGH QUAY TX DEM C $1,674,600 40 ROLDE, NEIL ME DEM C $1,635,717 41 SMITH, ROBERT C NH REP O $1,509,288 42 LONSDALE, HAROLD KENNETH OR DEM c $1,496,111 43 DAUB, HAL NE REP C $1,461,846 44 COHEN, WILLIAM S ME REP I $1,452,273 45 WELLSTONE, PAUL DAVID MN DEM C $1,403,208 46 STEVENS, TED AK REP I $1,380,780 47 MUENSTER, THEODORE R SD DEM C $1,335,356 48 COCHRAN, THAD MS REP I $1,316,810 49 SIMPSON, ALAN K WY REP I $1,253,647 50 BOREN, DAVID LYLE OK DEM I $1,253,344 -19- 1989-90 TOP 50 SENATE - - CONTRIBUTIONS FROM INDIVIDUALS RANK CANDIDATE STATE PARTY INC INDIV CHL CONTRIB OPN 1 HELMS, JESSE NC REP I ,346,429 2 GRAMM, WILLIAM PHILIP TX REP I $9,081,419 3 GANTT, HARVEY B NC DEM C $7,081,114 4 SIMON, PAUL IL DEM I $6,698,373 5 BRADLEY, BILL NJ DEM I $6,502,155 6 KERRY, JOHN F MA DEM I $6,085,623 7 LEVIN, CARL MI DEM I $5,142,095 8 BOSCHWITZ, RUDY MN REP I $4,516,165 9 HARKIN, THOMAS R IA DEM I $3,331,293 10 TAUKE, TOM 8/ IA REP C $3,284,974 11 MARTIN, LYNN IL REP C $3,056,751 12 DUKE, DAVID E LA REP C $2,571,210 13 MCCONNELL, MITCH KY REP I $2,485,976 14 COATS, DANIEL R IN REP I $2,404,943 15 JOHNSTON, J BENNETT LA DEM I $2,271,077 16 BROWN, G HANKS CO REP o $2,008,702 17 ROCKEFELLER, JOHN D IV WV DEM I $1,944,222 18 HEFLIN, HOWELL THOMAS AL DEM I $1,810,620 19 CABANISS, BILL AL REP C $1,424,131 20 SCHUETTE, WILLIAM D MI REP C $1,368,656 21 THURMOND, STROM SC REP I $1,364,044 22 DAUB, HAL NE REP C $1,310,066 23 SAIKI, PATRICIA FUKUDA 8/ HI REP C $1,279,699 24 HEATH, JOSEPHINE WARD (JO CO DEM O $1,206,831 25 GORE, ALBERT JR TN DEM I $1,189,705 26 NUNN, SAMUEL AUGUSTUS GA DEM I $1,171,569 27 BOREN, DAVID LYLE OK DEM I $1,156,516 28 BAUCUS, MAX S MT DEM I $1,136,817 29 PELL, CLAIBORNE RI DEM I $1,125,436 30 HATFIELD, MARK o OR REP I $1,065,089 31 BIDEN, JOSEPH R JR DE DEM I $1,064,609 32 DOMENICI, PETE NM REP I $1,052,037 33 SLOANE, HARVEY I MD KY DEM C $1,044,213 34 SCHNEIDER, CLAUDINE C RI REP C $1,026,638 35 WELLSTONE, PAUL DAVID MN DEM C $1,022,075 36 EXON, J JAMES NE DEM I $1,014,747 37 PARMER, HUGH QUAY TX DEM C $947,452 38 PRESSLER, LARRY SD REP I $876,549 39 AKAKA, DANIEL K 8/ HI DEM I $859,896 40 DURANT, CLARK MI REP C $825,266 41 WARNER, JOHN WILLIAM III VA REP I $824,167 42 MUENSTER, THEODORE R SD DEM C $812,413 43 COHEN, WILLIAM S ME REP I $775,382 44 CRAIG, LARRY E 8/ ID REP o $747,943 45 RAPPAPORT, JAMES W MA REP C $666,525 46 SMITH, ROBERT C NH REP O $660,116 47 LONSDALE, HAROLD KENNETH OR DEM C $624,769 48 PRYOR, DAVID HAMPTON AR DEM I $614,196 49 HILL, BARON IN DEM C $544,189 50 COCHRAN, THAD MS REP I $520,472 -20- 1989-90 TOP 50 SENATE - CONTRIBUTIONS FROM PAC'S AND OTHER COMMITTEES RANK CANDIDATE STATE PARTY INC OTHER CHL CMTE'S OPN 1 HARKIN, THOMAS R IA DEM I $1,546,535 2 EXON, J JAMES NE DEM I $1,503,897 3 SIMON, PAUL IL DEM I $1,480,221 4 GRAMM, WILLIAM PHILIP TX REP I $1,426,839 5 ROCKEFELLER, JOHN D IV WV DEM I $1,425,405 6 JOHNSTON, J BENNETT LA DEM I $1,416,331 7 LEVIN, CARL MI DEM I $1,392,502 8 BROWN, G HANKS CO REP O $1,389,784 9 BAUCUS, MAX S MT DEM I $1,377,663 10 TAUKE, TOM 8/ IA REP C $1,374,706 11 HEFLIN, HOWELL THOMAS AL DEM I $1,320,755 12 BOSCHWITZ, RUDY MN REP I $1,211,209 13 MARTIN, LYNN IL REP C $1,193,942 14 COATS, DANIEL R IN REP I $1,113,664 15 MCCONNELL, MITCH KY REP I $1,076,029 16 BRADLEY, BILL NJ DEM I $1,062,309 17 HATFIELD, MARK o OR REP I $969,720 18 GORE, ALBERT JR TN DEM I $931,438 19 SAIKI, PATRICIA FUKUDA HI REP C $902,829 20 PELL, CLAIBORNE RI DEM I $885,678 21 PRESSLER, LARRY SD REP I $861,339 22 AKAKA, DANIEL K 8/ HI DEM I $854,107 23 HELMS, JESSE NC REP I $835,104 24 CRAIG, LARRY E 8/ ID REP O $811,026 25 DOMENICI, PETE NM REP I $773,374 26 STEVENS, TED AK REP I $751,450 27 SCHUETTE, WILLIAM D MI REP C $735,932 28 SIMPSON, ALAN K WY REP I $705,773 29 GANTT, HARVEY B NC DEM C $695,852 30 BIDEN, JOSEPH R JR DE DEM I $690,816 31 SCHNEIDER, CLAUDINE C 8/ RI REP C $688,865 32 SMITH, ROBERT C NH REP o $663,400 33 NUNN, SAMUEL AUGUSTUS GA DEM I $627,010 34 WARNER, JOHN WILLIAM III VA REP I $621,899 35 THURMOND, STROM SC REP I $562,695 36 COHEN, WILLIAM S ME REP I $549,194 37 COCHRAN, THAD MS REP I $534,450 38 SLOANE, HARVEY I MD KY DEM C $518,688 39 MUENSTER, THEODORE R SD DEM C $492,661 40 HILL, BARON IN DEM C $488,461 41 PRYOR, DAVID HAMPTON AR DEM I $485,067 42 HEATH, JOSEPHINE WARD (JO CO DEM O $314,413 43 WELLSTONE, PAUL DAVID MN DEM C $294,520 44 PARMER, HUGH QUAY TX DEM C $263,762 45 TWILEGAR, RON JESSE ID DEM 0 $212,049 46 EASLEY, MICHAEL F NC DEM C $198,925 47 KASSEBAUM, NANCY LANDON KS REP I $187,858 48 RAPPAPORT, JAMES W MA REP C $177,205 49 DONCHESS, JAMES W NH DEM O $84,375 50 CABANISS, BILL AL REP C $77,246 -21- 1989-90 TOP 50 SENATE DISBURSEMENTS RANK CANDIDATE STATE PARTY INC NET CHL DISBURSE OPN 1 HELMS, JESSE NC REP I $13, 355,336 2 GRAMM, WILLIAM PHILIP TX REP I ,799,104 3 BRADLEY, BILL NJ DEM I $9,563,942 4 GANTT, HARVEY B NC DEM C $7,811,520 5 SIMON, PAUL IL DEM I $7,656,514 6 LEVIN, CARL MI DEM I $6,930,262 7 KERRY, JOHN F MA DEM I $6,234,887 8 BOSCHWITZ, RUDY MN REP I $6,221,333 9 HARKIN, THOMAS R IA DEM I $5,263,568 10 RAPPAPORT, JAMES W MA REP C $5,177,801 11 MCCONNELL, MITCH KY REP I $5,074,187 12 TAUKE, TOM 8/ IA REP C $5,060,104 13 JOHNSTON, J BENNETT LA DEM I $4,989,521 14 MARTIN, LYNN IL REP C $4,921,613 15 BROWN, G HANKS CO REP O $3,723,911 16 COATS, DANIEL R IN REP I $3,718,903 17 HEFLIN, HOWELL THOMAS AL DEM I $3,204,160 18 SLOANE, HARVEY I MD KY DEM C $2,927,624 19 ROCKEFELLER, JOHN D IV WV DEM I $2,650,320 20 DUKE, DAVID E LA REP C $2,615,267 21 SCHUETTE, WILLIAM D MI REP C $2,417,705 22 BAUCUS, MAX S MT DEM I $2,409,262 23 SAIKI, PATRICIA FUKUDA 8/ HI REP C $2,398,961 24 HATFIELD, MARK o OR REP I $2,357,058 25 PELL, CLAIBORNE RI DEM I $2,350,128 26 EXON, J JAMES NE DEM I $2,349,739 27 SCHNEIDER, CLAUDINE C 8/ RI REP C $2,073,609 28 HEATH, JOSEPHINE WARD (JO CO DEM o $1,943,422 29 DOMENICI, PETE NM REP I $1,925,057 30 THURMOND, STROM SC REP I $1,916,702 31 BIDEN, JOSEPH R JR DE DEM I $1,888,146 32 CABANISS, BILL AL REP C $1,853,869 33 AKAKA, DANIEL K 8/ HI DEM I $1,760,839 34 PARMER, HUGH QUAY TX DEM C $1,677,087 35 PRESSLER, LARRY SD REP I $1,664,341 36 CRAIG, LARRY E 8/ ID REP O $1,652,532 37 GORE, ALBERT JR TN DEM I $1,630,919 38 ROLDE, NEIL ME DEM C $1,630,894 39 COHEN, WILLIAM S ME REP I $1,572,195 40 LONSDALE, HAROLD KENNETH OR DEM C $1,479,099 41 DAUB, HAL NE REP C $1,452,681 42 SMITH, ROBERT C NH REP o $1,420,172 43 BOREN, DAVID LYLE OK DEM I $1,372,014 44 WELLSTONE, PAUL DAVID MN DEM C $1,340,708 45 MUENSTER, THEODORE R SD DEM C $1,323,770 46 STEVENS, TED AK REP I $1,273,954 47 WARNER, JOHN WILLIAM III VA REP I $1,151,605 48 HILL, BARON IN DEM C $1,077,074 49 SIMPSON, ALAN K WY REP I $1,000,462 50 RAUH, JOHN NH DEM O $955,530 -22- 1989-90 TOP 50 SENATE - CASH-ON-HAND RANK CANDIDATE STATE PARTY INC CASH CHL ON OPN HAND 1 GRAMM, WILLIAM PHILIP TX REP I $4,147,378 2 NUNN, SAMUEL AUGUSTUS GA DEM I $1,550,058 3 HEFLIN, HOWELL THOMAS AL DEM I $1,036,023 4 PRYOR, DAVID HAMPTON AR DEM I $1,005,464 5 JOHNSTON, J BENNETT LA DEM I $945,371 6 COCHRAN, THAD MS REP I $908,834 7 ROCKEFELLER, JOHN D IV WV DEM I $902,198 8 SIMON, PAUL IL DEM I $843,731 9 BRADLEY, BILL NJ DEM I $775,770 10 GORE, ALBERT JR TN DEM I $708,043 11 WARNER, JOHN WILLIAM III VA REP I $622,138 12 PRESSLER, LARRY SD REP I $556,585 13 BAUCUS, MAX S MT DEM I $505,883 14 BROWN, G HANKS CO REP O $455,834 15 SIMPSON, ALAN K WY REP I $433,246 16 COATS, DANIEL R IN REP I $363,900 17 EXON, J JAMES NE DEM I $270,574 18 STEVENS, TED AK REP I $234,997 19 THURMOND, STROM SC REP I $221,092 20 DOMENICI, PETE NM REP I $218,513 21 KASSEBAUM, NANCY LANDON KS REP I $217,135 22 PELL, CLAIBORNE RI DEM I $216,256 23 LEVIN, CARL MI DEM I $201,966 24 SAIKI, PATRICIA FUKUDA HI REP C $195,614 25 MCCONNELL, MITCH KY REP I $190,373 26 BIDEN, JOSEPH R JR DE DEM I $190,151 27 AKAKA, DANIEL K HI DEM I $161,134 28 BOREN, DAVID LYLE OK DEM I $158,133 29 CRAIG, LARRY E ID REP o $91,834 30 SMITH, ROBERT C NH REP o $89,118 31 BOSCHWITZ, RUDY MN REP I $79,070 32 SCHUETTE, WILLIAM D MI REP C $71,253 33 MARTIN, LYNN IL REP C $65,116 34 WELLSTONE, PAUL DAVID MN DEM C $62,500 35 HARKIN, THOMAS R IA DEM I $59,737 36 DUKE, DAVID E LA REP C $55,044 37 GANTT, HARVEY B NC DEM C $48,358 38 DURKIN, JOHN ANTHONY NH DEM o $20,296 39 COHEN, WILLIAM S ME REP I $17,906 40 WHITMAN, CHRISTINE TODD NJ REP C $13,594 41 EASLEY, MICHAEL F NC DEM C $13,378 42 SCHNEIDER, CLAUDINE C RI REP C $12,673 43 HELMS, JESSE NC REP I $12,326 44 KERRY, JOHN F MA DEM I $12,055 45 MUENSTER, THEODORE R SD DEM C $11,586 46 HEATH, JOSEPHINE WARD (JO CO DEM o $9,697 47 DAUB, HAL NE REP C $9,164 48 SLOANE, HARVEY I MD KY DEM C $7,972 49 RAPPAPORT, JAMES W MA REP C $7,260 50 SEAWELL, MALCOLM BUIE CO DEM O $6,998 -23- 1989-90 TOP 50 SENATE - DEBTS OWED RANK CANDIDATE STATE PARTY INC DEBTS CHL OWED OPN 1 RAPPAPORT, JAMES W MA REP C ,342,006 2 HELMS, JESSE NC REP I $914,288 3 THOMAS, R P (BO) NC DEM C $722,576 4 LONSDALE, HAROLD KENNETH OR DEM C $720,504 5 DALY, DANIEL WILLIAM MA REP C $520,265 6 WARNER, JOHN WILLIAM III9/ VA REP I $400,000 7 AKAKA, DANIEL K HI DEM I $318,584 8 VORHAUER, BRUCE MT REP C $298,584 9 CHRISTO, THOMAS K NH REP o $269,363 10 SCHUETTE, WILLIAM D MI REP C $245,000 11 TWILEGAR, RON JESSE ID DEM O $230,070 12 HEATH, JOSEPHINE WARD (JO CO DEM o $185,000 13 RAUH, JOHN NH DEM o $148,000 14 DURKIN, JOHN ANTHONY NH DEM o $135,398 15 BAGERT, BEN LA REP C $133,355 16 WHITMAN, CHRISTINE TODD NJ REP C $125,895 17 WELLSTONE, PAUL DAVID MN DEM C $117,513 18 CABANISS, BILL AL REP C $109,291 19 LUCERO, CARLOS CO DEM O $106,282 20 LEVIN, CARL MI DEM I $106,156 21 PARMER, HUGH QUAY TX DEM C $100,065 22 DAUB, HAL NE REP C $93,511 23 KERRY, JOHN F MA DEM I $92,765 24 EASLEY, MICHAEL F NC DEM C $86,117 25 BRADLEY, BILL NJ DEM I $83,000 26 ROLDE, NEIL ME DEM C $75,000 27 HUSTACE, MARIA M HI REP C $68,900 28 SCHNEIDER, CLAUDINE C RI REP C $67,811 29 DOMENECH, JOHN MT REP C $64,001 30 KOLSTAD, ALLEN C MT REP C $60,200 31 BIDEN, JOSEPH R JR DE DEM I $49,000 32 HARKIN, THOMAS R IA DEM I $48,515 33 SEAWELL, MALCOLM BUIE CO DEM o $39,510 34 GANTT, HARVEY B NC DEM C $35,235 35 BERG, THOMAS K MN DEM C $34,208 36 DUKE, DAVID E LA REP C $31,450 37 TAUKE, TOM IA REP C $30,387 38 FARRELL, WILLIAM E MT REP C $27,210 39 HATFIELD, MARK O OR REP I $25,223 40 DURANT, CLARK MI REP c $21,895 41 BRADY, M JANE DE REP C $17,378 42 HILL, BARON IN DEM C $16,194 43 MUENSTER, THEODORE R SD DEM C $15,914 44 SLOANE, HARVEY I MD KY DEM C $14,500 45 BROWN, G HANKS CO REP O $12,650 46 SPANNAUS, NANCY B VA DEM c $12,176 47 THORNTON, CURLY MT DEM C $10,500 48 BENAVIDES, TOM R NM DEM C $9,908 49 DASTUGUE, QUENTIN D LA REP C $9,680 50 SIMPSON, ALAN K WY REP I $7,918 -24- FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION FINANCIAL DATA FOR HOUSE GENERAL ELECTION CAMPAIGNS THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1990 DIST CANDIDATE INC PARTY GEN GEN NET INDIV OTHER NET CASH DEBTS CHL PCT RECEIPTS CONTRIB POLITICAL DISBURSE ON OWED OPN CMTE'S HAND ALABAMA 1 CALLAHAN, HERBERT L I REP W 100.000 $318,680 $129,153 $169,350 $183,910 $236,511 $0 2 DICKINSON, WILLIAM L I REP W 51.289 $425,127 $171,618 $218,921 $596,096 $250,325 $0 BAGGIANO, FAYE S C DEM L 48.711 $169,109 $38,099 $91,752 $163,663 $5,445 $0 4/ 3 BROWDER, JOHN GLEN I DEM W 73.729 $280,234 $78,049 $190,058 $176,550 $119,913 $0 SLEDGE, DON C REP L 26.271 $22,990 $14,842 $100 $22,989 $0 $0 4 BEVILL, TOM I DEM W 100.000 $220,907 $17,730 $106,550 $168,054 $566,499 $0 5 MCDONALD, ALBERT CLY o REP L 32.859 $184,089 $133,069 $27,200 $184,188 $0 $0 CRAMER, ROBERT E JR 0 DEM W 67.141 $662,457 $326,753 $246,932 $638,361 $20,771 $87,000 6 ERDREICH, BENJAMIN L I DEM W 92.828 $237,722 $32,063 $172,819 $113,168 $364,025 $0 ALVEREZ, DAVID A C IND L 5.967 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 7 HARRIS, CLAUDE JR I DEM W 70.535 $237,577 $73,745 $151,307 $238,466 $77,742 $0 BARKER, MICHAEL DEAN C REP L 29.465 $59,802 $36,630 $0 $58,952 $847 $27,062 ALASKA 0 DEVENS, JOHN C DEM L 47.836 $168,038 $67,726 $13,150 $164,732 $624 $42,632 YOUNG, DONALD E I REP W 51.659 $560,908 $265,345 $277,725 $564,759 $5,543 $100,119 AMERICAN SAMOA 0 TUUFULI, MOA A LII T C DEM L 4.360 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 TAGO, ACE A C IND L 23.271 $61,992 $63,877 $0 $80,399 -$450 $11,317 LUTU, AFOA MOEGA C IND L 17.532 $52,424 $8,401 $0 $52,363 $60 $0 FALEOMAVAEGA, ENI FA I DEM W 54.836 $122,123 $90,122 $13,350 $117,430 $4,369 $22,805 ARIZONA 1 RHODES, JOHN JACOB I I REP W 99.525 $326,640 $154,036 $170,339 $323,328 $9,621 $0 2 UDALL, MORRIS KING I DEM W 65.889 $153,320 $10,816 $135,250 $112,373 $73,749 $0 SWEENEY, JOSEPH D C REP L 34.073 $1,470 $615 $0 $1,445 $25 $0 -25- 3 STUMP, BOB I REP W 56.587 $231,127 $79,863 $132,850 $225,149 $113,651 $0 HARTSTONE, ROGER D C DEM L 43.413 $9,735 $7,060 $2,650 $9,353 $381 $0 4 IVEY, MARK JR C DEM L 38.659 $39,515 $28,011 $4,500 $38,851 $665 $1,495 KYL, JON L I REP W 61.341 $588,180 $373,560 $171,389 $442,366 $335,702 $6,797 5 PHILLIPS, CHUCK C DEM L 35.245 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 KOLBE, JIM I REP W 64.755 $325,457 $185,434 $133,605 $250,642 $81,087 $0 ARKANSAS 1 ALEXANDER, WILLIAM V I DEM W 64.308 $773,016 $282,620 $405,150 $785,626 $4,763 $112,834 HAYES, TERRY OWEN C REP L 35.692 $36,792 $26,311 $2,000 $36,731 $0 $13,719 2 KEET, JAMES HOLLAND o REP L 39.586 $436,883 $292,095 $24,157 $430,932 $5,950 $105,174 THORNTON, RAY O DEM W 60.414 $697,067 $376,229 $242,900 $678,429 $18,638 $42,683 3 HAMMERSCHMIDT, JOHN I REP W 70.505 $266,438 $41,505 $166,500 $105,354 $500,684 $0 IVY, DANNY CHRIS C DEM L 29.495 $15,876 $2,777 $4,000 $15,730 $144 $0 4 ROOD, ROY ELMER C REP L 27.627 $520 $0 $0 $511 $193 $0 ANTHONY, BERYL FRANK I DEM W 72.373 $530,662 $73,054 $374,300 $480,853 $364,662 $0 CALIFORNIA 1 RIGGS, FRANK DUNCAN C REP W 43.334 $257,745 $98,762 $8,000 $251,662 $6,677 $148,055 BOSCO, DOUGLAS H I DEM L 41.895 $408,849 $200,807 $190,421 $413,213 $832 $24,578 COMINGORE, DARLENE G C PAF L 14.771 $9,377 $8,747 $0 $7,291 $81 $516 2 HERGER, WALTER WILLI I REP W 63.665 $616,075 $382,079 $212,749 $515,020 $114,862 $0 CRAIN, ROSS C LIB L 5.135 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 RUSH, ERWIN E "BILL" C DEM L 31.200 $6,118 $1,175 $2,000 $5,951 $167 $0 3 LANDOWSKI, LOWELL PA C REP L 34.757 $4,545 $4,334 $250 $4,628 $50 $0 MCCANN, DAVID M C LIB L 4.928 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 MATSUI, ROBERT T I DEM W 60.315 $1,207,843 $486,852 $582,964 $734,005 $1,128,637 $0 FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION FINANCIAL DATA FOR HOUSE GENERAL ELECTION CAMPAIGNS THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1990 DIST CANDIDATE INC PARTY GEN GEN NET INDIV OTHER NET CASH DEBTS CHL PCT RECEIPTS CONTRIB POLITICAL DISBURSE ON OWED OPN CMTE'S HAND CALIFORNIA C REP L 39.314 $40,439 $36,810 $3,500 $40,040 $395 $16,035 4 BAUGHMAN, MARK BIGWOOD, BRYCE C LIB L 5.999 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 FAZIO, VIC I DEM W 54.687 $845,622 $320,147 $451,245 $1,029,304 $194,935 $533 5 NICHOLS, ALAN H C REP L 22.822 $153,947 $88,313 $5,190 $154,858 -$911 $79,540 PELOSI, NANCY I DEM W 77.178 $462,664 $202,424 $262,900 $440,973 $97,689 $0 6 BOERUM, BILL C REP L 31.928 $32,788 $23,838 $6,000 $32,724 $63 $900 BOXER, BARBARA I DEM W 68.072 $921,666 $542,898 $337,124 $655,402 $499,349 $0 $438,229 $0 7 MILLER, GEORGE I DEM W 60.506 $469,400 $129,790 $262,657 $448,026 PAYTON, ROGER ALLEN C REP L 39.494 $47,918 $36,811 $1,150 $47,912 $6 $0 8 DELLUMS, RONALD V I DEM W 61.297 $790,386 $547,479 $71,935 $840,029 $82,629 $45,000 $0 $0 $0 GALEWSKI, BARBARA C REP L 38.703 $0 $0 $0 9 STARK, FORTNEY I DEM W 58.426 $525,271 $137,760 $270,170 $300,996 $362,004 $0 ROMERO, VICTOR ARNOL C REP L 41.574 $206,798 $75,680 $1,000 $210,089 $753 $106,914 10 EDWARDS, DON I DEM W 62.674 $224,999 $47,880 $171,050 $209,243 $55,464 $0 PATROSSO, MARK STEVE C REP L 37.315 $2,702 $1,495 $0 $2,581 $91 $0 11 GENIS, JUNE R C LIB L 5.345 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 QURAISHI, G M (BILL) C REP L 28.750 $97,638 $55,654 $6,300 $97,030 $714 $38,689 LANTOS, THOMAS P I DEM W 65.905 $788,298 $597,361 $120,550 $620,782 $637,734 $0 12 PALMER, ROBERT C DEM L 33.676 $109,410 $9,560 $27,550 $103,839 $2,723 $56,563 CAMPBELL, THOMAS J I REP W 60.845 $1,286,200 $992,893 $249,581 $658,135 $633,197 $362 OLSON, CHUCK C LIB L 5.479 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 13 SMITH, DAVID ELLIOTT C REP L 35.654 $670 $660 $0 $624 $17 $0 C LIB L 6.315 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 WEBSTER, JOHN H MINETA, NORMAN Y I DEM W 58.031 $666,915 $259,155 $361,274 $644,962 $342,701 $0 14 MALBERG, PATRICIA AN o DEM L 48.481 $222,011 $169,473 $45,911 $220,379 $3,592 $0 -26- DOOLITTLE, JOHN T 0 REP W 51.519 $529,813 $289,247 $234,764 $517,668 $12,142 $9,867 4/ 15 BURRIS, CLIFF C REP L 33.815 $31,920 $17,493 $0 $30,963 $15 $0 CONDIT, GARY I DEM W 66.185 $234,423 $78,234 $74,970 $212,430 $21,991 $2,425 16 REISS, JERRY M C REP L 22.036 $23,939 $12,789 $0 $23,849 $88 $10,000 PANETTA, LEON EDWARD I DEM W 74.163 $295,399 $137,400 $133,750 $272,710 $204,599 $0 TUCKER, BRIAN H C LIB L 3.802 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 17 PASHAYAN, CHARLES JR I REP L 45.457 $557,949 $265,050 $283,684 $622,184 $6,909 $205 DOOLEY, CALVIN M C DEM W 54.543 $547,763 $291,811 $171,185 $538,354 $9,409 $62,140 18 LEHMAN, RICHARD H I DEM W 100.000 $302,473 $84,240 $201,780 $299,728 $96,145 $0 19 LAGOMARSINO, ROBERT I REP W 54.604 $643,444 $465,444 $145,517 $658,365 $13,120 $32,600 $11,266 $137 $0 LORENZ, MINDY C L 0.955 $11,404 $10,904 $0 FERGUSON, ANITA PERE C DEM L 44.441 $243,210 $129,922 $72,875 $241,815 $604 $2,000 20 DILBECK, WILLIAM H C LIB L 5.587 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 REID, LITA MARTIN C DEM L 0.162 $4,605 $2,618 $0 $5,276 $134 $12,258 THOMAS, MICHAEL ALAN C DEM L 34.459 $695 $0 $0 $690 $15 $1,305 THOMAS, WILLIAM M I REP W 59.792 $430,525 $156,536 $235,447 $496,845 $157,392 $0 REP W 58.401 $599,454 $411,430 $156,861 $449,668 $231,271 $21,731 21 GALLEGLY, ELTON I CHRISTENSEN, PEGGY C LIB L 7.583 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 FREIMAN, RICHARD DAV C DEM L 34.016 $13,706 $11,793 $50 $13,147 $558 $4,869 MOORHEAD, CARLOS JOH I REP W 60.042 $444,157 $100,672 $231,350 $400,109 $666,684 $0 22 TUCKER, JAN B C PAF L 2.190 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 BAYER, DAVID C DEM L 34.063 $40,872 $30,397 $1,975 $40,303 $568 $8,500 WILSON, WILLIAM H C LIB L 3.704 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION FINANCIAL DATA FOR HOUSE GENERAL ELECTION CAMPAIGNS THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1990 DIST CANDIDATE INC PARTY GEN GEN NET INDIV OTHER NET CASH DEBTS CHL PCT RECEIPTS CONTRIB POLITICAL DISBURSE ON OWED OPN CMTE'S HAND CALIFORNIA 23 BEILENSON, ANTHONY C I DEM W 61.727 $231,386 $224,835 $0 $201,404 $45,449 $0 SALOMON, JIM C REP L 34.183 $358,367 $338,164 $15,100 $360,389 $286 $1,500 HONIGSFELD, JOHN C PAF L 4.090 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 24 PHAIR, MAGGIE C PAF L 5.493 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 COWLES, JOHN N C REP L 25.614 $1,835 $110 $0 $1,830 $388 $714 WAXMAN, HENRY A I DEM W 68.892 $500,847 $136,324 $315,400 $287,505 $468,893 $0 25 ROYBAL, EDWARD R I DEM W 70.026 $144,260 $35,185 $79,877 $190,702 $196,852 $0 RENSHAW, STEVEN J C REP L 24.770 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 SCOTT, ROBERT H C LIB L 5.204 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 26 ZIMRING, BERNARD C LIB L 4.122 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 BERMAN, HOWARD L I DEM W 61.061 $510,538 $300,044 $181,500 $450,401 $200,471 $0 DAHLSON, ROY C REP L 34.816 $83,775 $4,848 $250 $82,453 $0 $0 27 LEVINE, MEL I DEM W 58.205 $1,496,790 $1,053,825 $239,207 $587,961 $1,714,807 $0 COHEN, DAVID BARRETT C REP L 37.246 $148,295 $65,442 $1,000 $146,206 $2,087 $0 FERRER, EDWARD E C PAF L 4.549 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 28 ADAMS, GEORGE JOSEPH C REP L 22.223 $6,600 $0 $0 $3,799 $2,672 $3,000 DIXON, JULIAN C I DEM W 72.680 $161,900 $37,535 $124,145 $113,669 $136,981 $0 WEBER, BOB C LIB L 2.249 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 WIILIAMS, WILLIAM R C PAF L 2.848 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 29 0 DEM W 79.401 $740,793 $397,513 $211,172 $759,538 $27,717 $0 WATERS, MAXINE DEWITT, WILLIAM H O REP L 18.639 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 BOCTOR, WAHEED R o LIB L 1.961 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 30 FEGER, G. CURTIS C LIB L 4.755 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 FRANCO, REUBEN DANIE C REP L 37.030 $72,572 $49,821 $15,950 $72,867 $90 $47,943 -27- MARTINEZ, MATTHEW G I DEM W 58.215 $209,495 $110,170 $93,803 $186,130 $43,205 $0 31 DYMALLY, MERVYN M I DEM W 67.146 $434,143 $242,253 $173,316 $418,232 $25,795 $0 SATO, EUNICE N C REP L 32.854 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 32 KAHN, SANFORD W C REP L 38.475 $7,590 $4,749 $0 $7,579 $34 $6,000 ANDERSON, GLENN M I DEM W 61.525 $411,845 $126,968 $257,766 $462,503 $31,783 $0 33 WEBB, GEORGIA HOUSTO C DEM L 31.404 $29,612 $20,512 $2,950 $29,177 $435 -$231 LIGHTFOOT, GAIL C LIB L 4.926 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 DREIER, DAVID T I REP W 63.670 $591,313 $249,831 $100,276 $172,451 $1,669,915 $0 34 TORRES, ESTEBAN EDWA I DEM W 60.703 $241,635 $101,629 $87,788 $217,810 $148,388 $0 EASTMAN, JOHN CHARLE C REP L 39.297 $75,581 $61,189 $11,050 $75,123 $457 $15,455 35 LEWIS, JERRY I REP W 60.582 $452,381 $148,728 $292,014 $211,940 $338,797 $0 JOHNSON, JERRY C LIB L 6.487 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 NORTON, BARRY C DEM L 32.931 $2,266 $40 $0 $2,371 $24 $0 36 BROWN, GEORGE E JR I DEM W 52.711 $818,181 $330,204 $454,935 $822,686 $4,345 $58,255 HAMMOCK, ROBERT L C REP L 47.289 $538,381 $411,869 $104,035 $538,156 $226 $192,320 37 ODOM, GARY R C IND L 2.790 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 FLICKINGER, BONNIE C LIB L 2.662 $2,318 $2,318 $0 $2,318 $0 $1,136 WAITE, RALPH H C DEM L 44.795 $622,159 $201,466 $149,266 $624,560 -$2,401 $284,929 MCCANDLESS, ALFRED A I REP W 49.754 $551,789 $286,265 $179,600 $602,444 $5,600 $20,000 38 JACKSON, BARBARA C DEM L 41.910 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 DORNAN, ROBERT KENNE I REP W 58.090 $1,615,282 $1,579,418 $35,234 $1,445,577 $185,200 $17,000 $97,744 $0 39 DANNEMEYER, WILLIAM I REP W 65.345 $594,692 $456,693 $129,250 $627,842 HOFFMAN, FRANCIS X " C DEM L 30.804 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 QUIRK, MAXINE BELL C IND L 3.851 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION FINANCIAL DATA FOR HOUSE GENERAL ELECTION CAMPAIGNS THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1990 DIST CANDIDATE INC PARTY GEN GEN NET INDIV OTHER NET CASH DEBTS CHL PCT RECEIPTS CONTRIB POLITICAL DISBURSE ON OWED CMTE'S HAND OPN CALIFORNIA REP W 67.637 $688,836 $504,199 $179,516 $682,365 $5,113 $61,622 40 COX, C CHRISTOPHER I GRATZ, EUGENE C C DEM L 32.363 $43,277 $35,714 $600 $36,124 $3,603 $0 41 KRIPKE, DANIEL F MD C DEM L 43.582 $65,546 $6,388 $5,000 $72,261 $267 $39,000 REP W 49.234 $485,964 $268,214 $205,165 $575,637 $28,497 $13,582 LOWERY, WILLIAM DAVI I WORKS, KAREN S R C PAF L 7.185 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 42 KIMBROUGH, GUY CAMPB C DEM L 36.459 $29,555 $9,566 $7,950 $28,350 $1,222 $14,800 C LIB L 4.202 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 MARTIN, RICHARD GIBB ROHRABACHER, DANA TY I REP W 59.339 $423,924 $296,946 $119,075 $398,963 $50,016 $650 43 PACKARD, RONALD C I REP W 68.068 $167,017 $41,776 $99,716 $147,249 $174,589 $0 ARNOLD, RICHARD (RIC C LIB L 13.829 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 HANSEN, DOUG C PAF L 18.102 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 44 BATES, JIM I DEM L 44.809 $773,364 $356,237 $360,800 $744,463 $28,580 $27,347 WALLNER, JOHN C LIB L 4.034 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $30,760 CUNNINGHAM, RANDY "D C REP W 46.340 $539,721 $285,651 $214,547 $534,167 $5,553 WHITE, DONNA C PAF L 4.817 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 45 HUNTER, DUNCAN LEE I REP W 72.847 $368,560 $245,493 $110,465 $376,408 $6,229 $0 $0 $0 SHEA, JOE C LIB L 27.153 $0 $0 $0 $0 COLORADO 1 SCHROEDER, PATRICIA I DEM W 63.713 $441,609 $289,245 $113,588 $521,500 $182,156 $0 ROEMER, GLORIA GONZA C REP L 36.287 $162,502 $107,424 $15,200 $161,266 $1,233 $3,076 $0 $0 2 LEWIS, JASON M C REP L 39.329 $49,679 $29,574 $5,900 $49,080 SKAGGS, DAVID I DEM W 60.671 $415,235 $167,853 $242,070 $396,017 $31,628 $9,456 3 CAMPBELL, BEN NIGHTH I DEM W 70.211 $310,176 $92,025 $215,980 $335,760 $13,513 $0 $0 $0 FIELDS, HOWARD E C POP L 1.611 $1,237 $297 $0 $1,237 ELLIS, ROBERT THOMAS C REP L 28.178 $27,049 $18,336 $7,600 $26,917 $128 $1,113 -28- 4 BOND, RICHARD RANDOL o DEM L 45.949 $486,762 $204,367 $255,580 $481,666 $5,067 $3,833 $3,428 $10,000 ALLARD, WAYNE o REP W 54.051 $363,633 $147,290 $174,550 $360,206 5 JOHNSTON, CAL C DEM L 30.048 $15,313 $5,239 $6,143 $15,288 $30 $921 HEFLEY, JOEL I REP W 66.435 $135,707 $11,982 $114,981 $111,435 $85,219 $0 $0 $0 $0 HAMBURGER, KEITH L C LIB L 3.516 $0 $0 $0 6 JARRETT, DON C DEM L 35.499 $2,295 $0 $0 $2,958 $0 $0 SCHAEFER, DANIEL L ( I REP W 64.501 $375,683 $129,618 $229,103 $280,103 $122,410 $0 CONNECTICUT $0 $0 $0 1 GARVEY, JAMES PATRIC C REP L 28.597 $0 $0 $0 KENNELLY, BARBARA BA I DEM W 71.403 $483,041 $157,190 $297,700 $406,138 $176,983 $0 2 GEJDENSON, SAMUEL I DEM W 59.705 $458,980 $244,803 $185,950 $464,500 $4,658 $36,737 $112,881 $141 $67,382 RAGSDALE, JOHN MILTO C REP L 40.295 $113,024 $24,151 $0 3 SCOTT, THOMAS 0 REP L 47.896 $311,727 $209,823 $64,937 $304,258 $7,466 $16,239 DELAURO, ROSA L 0 DEM W 52.104 $973,625 $550,104 $401,805 $957,982 $15,642 $100,001 $58,000 $395,892 $74,546 $0 4 SHAYS, CHRISTOPHER I REP W 76.562 $447,077 $374,360 SMITH, ALFRED J JR C DEM L 23.438 $90,780 $18,430 $1,000 $90,634 $504 $47,500 5 FRANKS, GARY A 0 REP W 51.713 $587,045 $244,153 $177,927 $581,625 $5,430 $74,377 $0 $1,000 $0 $0 HARE, WILLIAM GEORGE O LIB L 1.040 $1,000 $0 MOFFETT, ANTHONY TOB O DEM L 47.248 $880,726 $443,524 $411,188 $877,116 $3,610 $21,847 6 JOHNSON, NANCY LEE I REP W 74.370 $517,724 $236,562 $252,737 $556,718 $117,662 $0 $13,150 $4,000 $22,211 $263 $4,061 KULAS, PAUL A C DEM L 25.630 $22,475 DELAWARE 0 WILLIAMS, RALPH o C REP L 33.295 $49,772 $39,770 $0 $49,770 $0 $8,432 CARPER, THOMAS R I DEM W 66.705 $548,682 $333,507 $204,220 $521,336 $53,814 $0 FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION FINANCIAL DATA FOR HOUSE GENERAL ELECTION CAMPAIGNS THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1990 DIST CANDIDATE INC PARTY GEN GEN NET INDIV OTHER NET CASH DEBTS CHL PCT RECEIPTS CONTRIB POLITICAL DISBURSE ON OWED OPN CMTE'S HAND DIST OF COLUMBIA 0 NORTON, ELEANOR H O DEM W 63.121 $447,441 $275,730 $145,205 $446,856 $584 $55,121 DABNEY, DAVID H o IND L 2.138 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 CURE, GEORGE X O IND L 5.230 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 SINGLETON, HARRY MIC o REP L 26.930 $86,272 $66,133 $2,000 $85,985 $788 $59,696 FLORIDA 1 KETCHEL, TERRANCE R C REP L 47.765 $184,650 $113,913 $8,198 $ $182,229 $2,417 $42,959 HUTTO, EARL D I DEM W 52.235 $184,405 $70,511 $95,307 $158,280 $109,103 $0 2 PETERSON, DOUGLAS BR C DEM W 56.946 $306,429 $118,455 $133,170 $306,104 $323 $62,141 GRANT, BILL I REP L 43.054 $801,238 $441,711 $305,253 $839,764 $3,818 $0 3 SULLIVAN, ROD C REP L 27.349 $15,336 $3,336 $0 $13,414 $1,935 $12,000 BENNETT, CHARLES EDW I DEM W 72.651 $87,580 $9,545 $30,450 $108,953 $280,990 $4,073 4 JAMES, CRAIG TAYLOR I REP W 55.914 $643,579 $295,720 $211,951 $634,891 $11,526 $155,000 HUGHES, REID C DEM L 44.086 $1,073,878 $161,633 $103,400 $1,067,366 $6,511 $748,253 5 FLETCHER, ROBERT B C DEM L 40.108 $22,560 $14,563 $2,371 $18,635 $3,923 $3,900 MCCOLLUM, BILL I REP W 59.892 $427,325 $210,609 $148,050 $564,994 $101,264 $0 6 STEARNS, CLIFFORD B I REP W 59.223 $497,703 $262,565 $200,346 $462,925 $47,634 $58,073 JOHNSON, ART C DEM L 40.777 $27,844 $1,786 $0 $26,443 $1,401 $1,401 7 PROUT, CHARLES D C REP L 32.443 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 GIBBONS, SAM M I DEM W 67.557 $492,517 $88,017 $316,125 $825,795 $278,960 $0 8 YOUNG, C W BILL CONG I REP W 100.000 $231,400 $47,709 $132,900 $201,188 $341,773 $0 9 BILIRAKIS, MICHAEL I REP W 58.105 $600,670 $300,241 $234,430 $815,366 $2,617 $5,000 KNAPP, CHERYL DAVIS C DEM L 41.895 $90,307 $43,335 $36,915 $89,852 $455 $5,623 10 IRELAND, ANDREW P I REP W 100.000 $410,468 $229,912 $169,683 $384,555 $98,267 $0 11 BACCHUS, JAMES L o DEM W 51.936 $877,500 $406,493 $412,573 $875,386 $2,112 $17,386 -29- TOLLEY, WILLIAM R O REP L 48.064 $365,313 $204,307 $106,100 $364,926 $471 $38,917 12 LEWIS, TOM I REP W 100.000 $336,333 $226,431 $80,425 $401,225 $121,358 $0 13 GOSS, PORTER JOHNSTO I REP W 100.000 $303,600 $175,111 $122,125 $244,740 $100,030 $35,183 14 SHORE, HOWARD SCOTT C REP L 33.960 $216,826 $149,995 $9,800 $213,139 $3,649 $86,647 JOHNSTON, HARRY A II I DEM W 66.040 $508,525 $234,003 $253,169 $469,101 $42,284 $0 15 SHAW, EUGENE CLAY JR I REP W 97.774 $413,387 $153,631 $245,760 $120,632 $306,224 $0 16 SMITH, LAWRENCE JACK I DEM W 100.000 $527,994 $235,541 $246,935 $275,873 $413,843 $0 17 RODNEY, EARL C REP L 21.683 $37,812 $5,670 $50 $37,287 $525 $31,250 LEHMAN, WILLIAM SR I DEM W 78.317 $425,117 $178,744 $216,350 $369,764 $275,781 $0 4/ 18 ROS-LEHTINEN, ILEANA I REP W 60.380 $575,234 $385,784 $168,784 $560,847 $14,387 $0 ANSCHER, BERNARD C DEM L 39.620 $112,072 $5,290 $750 $112,071 $0 $743 19 FASCELL, DANTE B I DEM W 61.979 $452,275 $186,436 $164,116 $500,117 $539,060 $0 ALLEN, BOB C REP L 38.021 $162,658 $130,601 $400 $160,220 $2,399 $4,102 GEORGIA 1 THOMAS, ROBERT LINDS- I DEM W 71.223 $378,206 $195,058 $167,765 $399,035 $67,690 $0 MEREDITH, JOHN CHRIS C REP L 28.777 $19,196 $5,607 $0 $19,130 $95 $6,439 2 HATCHER, CHARLES I DEM W 73.024 $328,506 $110,435 $211,150 $296,470 $38,709 $18,176 WATERS, JONATHAN PER C REP L 26.976 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 3 BROUN, PAUL COLLINS C REP L 36.842 $70,271 $48,745 $15,600 $69,638 $632 $15,444 RAY, RICHARD B I DEM W 63.158 $369,264 $126,981 $155,950 $378,774 $180,654 $30,000 4 LINDER, JOHN C REP L 47.567 $696,858 $400,346 $138,474 $696,859 $0 $89,975 JONES, BEN LEWIS I DEM W 52.433 $707,046 $255,254 $416,333 $711,015 $1,959 $32,315 5 LEWIS, JOHN I DEM W 75.592 $271,450 $94,967 $175,510 $108,118 $260,822 $0 TIBBS, JAMES W DR C REP L 24.408 $1,992 $0 $0 $7,755 $0 $2,663 FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION FINANCIAL DATA FOR HOUSE GENERAL ELECTION CAMPAIGNS THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1990 DIST CANDIDATE INC PARTY GEN GEN NET INDIV OTHER NET CASH DEBTS CHL PCT RECEIPTS CONTRIB POLITICAL DISBURSE ON OWED OPN CMTE'S HAND GEORGIA 6 WORLEY, DAVID JAMES C DEM L 49.683 $342,310 $140,783 $163,190 $333,873 $10,846 $31,558 GINGRICH, NEWT I REP W 50.317 $1,538,827 $1,088,529 $433,421 $1,538,945 $24,739 $133,575 7 BEVERLY, ALFRED W C REP L 39.891 $19,028 $12,293 $0 $18,692 $335 $3,100 DARDEN, GEORGE W (BU I DEM W 60.109 $463,055 $185,415 $238,006 $480,886 $100,737 $0 8 CUNNINGHAM, ROBERT F C REP L 31.253 $106,278 $87,196 $2,250 $105,270 $1,007 $5,000 ROWLAND, JAMES ROY J I DEM W 68.747 $368,200 $96,057 $228,050 $365,513 $210,642 $0 9 JENKINS, EDGAR L I DEM W 55.825 $302,029 $41,605 $186,000 $318,247 $448,273 $0 HOFFMAN, CHARLES JOS C REP L 44.175 $139,652 $118,482 $8,500 $134,772 $4,133 $12,653 10 BARNARD, DRUIE DOUGL I DEM W 54.712 $778,139 $111,977 $264,551 $937,464 $359,869 $88,000 JONES, SAMUEL RAY JR C REP L 45.288 $238,903 $95,316 $21,750 $154,326 $85,306 $1,348 GUAM 0 PANGELINAN, VICENTE C DEM L 43.028 $89,411 $24,433 $0 $87,410 $1,746 $56,575 BLAZ, BEN GARRIDO I REP W 55.993 $104,820 $65,139 $20,050 $107,250 $5,705 $3,300 HAWAII 1 LIU, MICHAEL MINORU o REP L 38.708 $271,319 $108,066 $57,601 $267,882 $3,436 $97,400 TAYLOR, ROGER o LIB L 1.295 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 ABERCROMBIE, NEIL o DEM W 59.997 $476,231 $312,354 $143,600 $442,211 $34,017 $27,938 2 POEPOE, ANDREW K o REP L 30.639 $191,641 $106,882 $42,460 $204,153 $1,748 $27,000 MINK, PATSY TAKEMOTO O DEM W 66.272 $641,324 $283,810 $147,784 $641,037 $288 $191,255 MALLAN, LLOYD o LIB L 3.089 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 IDAHO 1 LA ROCCO, LARRY o DEM W 53.006 $449,419 $154,286 $238,753 $447,895 $1,522 $71,316 -30- SMYSER, CHARLES A "S o REP L 46.994 $487,424 $220,371 $198,459 $480,994 $6,430 $29,220 2 MCDEVITT, SEAN DANIE C REP L 36.380 $142,851 $41,996 $1,900 $141,681 $1,089 $30,000 STALLINGS, RICHARD H I DEM W 63.620 $405,115 $129,587 $266,702 $406,219 $583 $16,067 ILLINOIS 1 PEYTON, BABETTE C REP L 6.234 $42,913 $9,068 $1,000 $42,901 $11 $27,404 HAYES, CHARLES A REP I DEM W 93.766 $110,665 $22,349 $85,250 $125,509 $25,702 $6,572 2 SAVAGE, GUS I DEM W 78.215 $196,926 $115,976 $57,800 $190,685 $5,941 $61,530 HESPEL, WILLIAM T C REP L 21.785 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 KLEIN, CARL L C REP L 29.073 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 3 RUSSO, MARTIN A I DEM W 70.927 $547,782 $162,482 $382,966 $541,279 $8,789 $2,621 4 SANGMEISTER, GEORGE I DEM W 59.204 $477,551 $100,800 $356,393 $472,757 $23,142 $6,000 HOFFMAN, MANNY C REP L 40.796 $651,729 $292,150 $87,725 $642,391 $9,464 $157,420 5 SHESTOKAS, DAVID J C REP L 30.958 $43,950 $8,431 $0 $42,218 $1,732 $35,437 LIPINSKI, WILLIAM o I DEM W 66.344 $183,213 $44,710 $137,317 $171,746 $19,110 $0 BARTOS, RONALD (RON) C L 2.698 $4,200 $0 $0 $3,095 $1,104 $4,200 6 HYDE, HENRY J I REP W 66.690 $302,541 $140,433 $130,648 $270,435 $187,768 $0 CASSIDY, TERENCE P C DEM L 33.310 $1,520 $255 $0 $1,055 $503 $0 7 COLLINS, CARDISS I DEM W 79.925 $278,392 $30,235 $229,648 $399,748 $90,094 $0 DOOLEY, ROBERT MICHA C REP L 20.075 $0 $4,000 $0 $0 $0 $0 8 ROSTENKOWSKI, DAN I DEM W 79.106 $378,282 $31,265 $197,700 $298,653 $1,114,068 $0 MARSHALL, ROBERT C LIB L 20.894 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 9 YATES, SIDNEY R I DEM W 71.214 $779,125 $487,335 $267,746 $839,106 $53,828 $0 SOHN, HERBERT MD C REP L 28.786 $11,545 $9,545 $2,000 $15,164 $4,261 $17,797 10 GORRELL, HERBERT L C L 1.460 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 MCNAMARA, PEG C DEM L 30.785 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 PORTER, JOHN EDWARD I REP W 67.754 $255,970 $123,933 $110,025 $313,498 $71,996 $0 FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION FINANCIAL DATA FOR HOUSE GENERAL ELECTION CAMPAIGNS THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1990 DIST CANDIDATE INC PARTY GEN GEN NET INDIV OTHER NET CASH DEBTS CHL PCT RECEIPTS CONTRIB POLITICAL DISBURSE ON OWED OPN CMTE'S HAND ILLINOIS 11 ANNUNZIO, FRANK I DEM W 53.618 $723,159 $206,867 $478,891 $855,952 $35,719 $0 SASKA, LARRY C L 1.745 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 DUDYCZ, WALTER W C REP L 44.637 $408,470 $170,853 $217,755 $407,617 $850 $0 12 PEDERSEN, STEVE C L 17.778 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 CRANE, PHILIP MILLER I REP W 82.222 $163,442 $140,245 $0 $163,376 $115,919 $0 13 FAWELL, HARRIS W I REP W 65.804 $336,789 $207,130 $119,570 $271,913 $103,808 $0 14 HASTERT, J DENNIS I REP W 66.905 $461,002 $258,477 $181,074 $312,555 $191,061 $0 WESTPHAL, DONALD J C DEM L 33.095 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 15 MADIGAN, EDWARD R I REP W 100.000 $432,247 $75,382 $272,087 $277,802 $542,570 $0 16 HALLOCK, JOHN W JR 0 REP L 45.414 $495,061 $211,214 $205,507 $491,287 $1,177 $4,800 COX, JOHN W JR o DEM W 54.586 $377,421 $159,757 $191,666 $371,114 $6,306 $13,318 17 LEE, DAN C REP L 33.485 $116,755 $86,440 $26,830 $115,495 $1,256 $7,947 EVANS, LANE I DEM W 66.515 $417,626 $182,912 $228,998 $390,401 $30,911 $0 18 MICHEL, ROBERT H I REP W 98.437 $705,878 $160,721 $519,161 $579,258 $241,996 $0 19 KERANS, ROBERT F C REP L 32.393 $3,418 $2,498 $250 $3,581 $38 $43,170 BRUCE, TERRY L I DEM W 66.298 $471,745 $63,256 $306,491 $258,093 $574,423 $0 O'NEILL, BRIAN JAMES C L 1.309 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 20 DURBIN, RICHARD JOSE I DEM W 66.200 $338,066 $97,710 $207,978 $209,360 $307,371 $0 JURGENS, PAUL EUGENE C REP L 33.800 $44,565 $31,725 $10,500 $44,861 $0 $0 21 COSTELLO, JERRY F I DEM W 66.045 $654,131 $376,857 $231,550 $380,559 $273,831 $0 GAFFNER, ROBERT H C REP L 33.955 $24,670 $5,033 $0 $26,230 $374 $12,920 22 POSHARD, GLENDAL W I DEM W 83.731 $68,078 $60,575 $5,150 $103,396 $2,136 $0 WHAM, JIM C REP L 16.269 $26,137 $10,156 $0 $16,737 $6 $0 INDIANA -31- 1 COSTAS, WILLIAM BILL C REP L 33.966 $21,358 $6,228 $0 $21,355 $0 $0 VISCLOSKY, PETER J I DEM W 66.034 $248,272 $64,521 $168,020 $299,280 $43,701 $0 2 PENCE, MICHAEL R C REP L 40.629 $590,467 $469,273 $0 $595,457 $3,123 $70,614 SHARP, PHILIP R I DEM W 59.371 $714,491 $183,811 $498,599 $773,178 $29,944 $0 3 ROEMER, TIM C DEM W 50.892 $504,884 $209,276 $269,313 $473,055 $31,826 $0 HILER, JOHN PATRICK I REP L 49.108 $776,009 $473,494 $257,112 $745,145 $33,481 $0 HAWKS, RICK C REP L 39.335 $580,037 $457,001 $79,448 $575,363 $3,152 $1,991 LONG, JILL LYNETTE I DEM W 60.665 $753,725 $264,678 $448,381 $752,362 $1,363 $11,973 5 JOHNSON, JOHN ARTHUR C REP L 46.858 $783,818 $116,732 $33,600 $781,224 $2,594 $626,077 JONTZ, JAMES I DEM W 53.142 $620,713 $192,231 $405,145 $652,280 $1,746 $42,596 6 BURTON, DAN I REP W 63.473 $526,451 $274,824 $203,436 $311,727 $400,894 $0 FADELY, JAMES PHILIP C DEM L 36.527 $41,866 $26,058 $9,000 $41,180 $686 $0 7 MYERS, JOHN T I REP W 57.589 $198,891 $55,087 $98,870 $228,556 $102,885 $0 RILEY, JOHN WILLIAM C DEM L 42.411 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 8 MOURDOCK, RICHARD E C REP L 45.278 $147,535 $110,476 $13,125 $146,961 $572 $13,958 MCCLOSKEY, FRANK I DEM W 54.722 $467,981 $129,792 $322,320 $446,040 $23,382 $0 9 COATES, FLOYD EUGENE C REP L 31.007 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 HAMILTON, LEE HERBER I DEM W 68.993 $399,758 $184,442 $188,824 $392,606 $58,592 $0 10 HORVATH, JANOS C REP L 33.568 $21,644 $11,384 $0 $13,201 $8,441 $10,000 JACOBS, ANDREW JR I DEM W 66.432 $28,712 $25,611 $0 $14,816 $32,188 $0 IOWA 1 LEACH, JIM I REP W 100.000 $115,051 $109,665 $0 $87,489 $46,917 $0 2 TABOR, ERIC J o DEM L 48.805 $567,456 $130,156 $389,847 $568,659 $788 $8,462 NUSSLE, JAMES ALLEN o REP W 49.794 $469,933 $257,124 $146,558 $466,259 $3,673 $32,500 ZONNEVELD, JAN JQ o L 1.401 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION FINANCIAL DATA FOR HOUSE GENERAL ELECTION CAMPAIGNS THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1990 DIST CANDIDATE INC PARTY GEN GEN NET INDIV OTHER NET CASH DEBTS CHL PCT RECEIPTS CONTRIB POLITICAL DISBURSE ON OWED CMTE'S HAND OPN IOWA DEM W 100.000 $360,951 $88,312 $264,001 $345,154 $30,045 $9,082 3 NAGLE, DAVID I 4 SMITH, NEAL I DEM W 97.873 $167,829 $9,321 $116,970 $56,903 $376,309 $0 5 LIGHTFOOT, JIM ROSS I REP W 68.012 $497,363 $329,222 $146,243 $418,134 $140,810 $0 L 31.988 $67,655 $20,610 $34,920 $63,591 $3,993 $28,230 POWELL, RODNEY H C DEM 6 GRANDY, FREDRICK LAW I REP W 71.826 $409,067 $145,742 $251,675 $322,563 $85,951 $101,069 EARLL, MIKE C DEM L 28.174 $44,250 $19,588 $17,350 $42,597 $1,651 $5,205 KANSAS 1 ROBERTS, CHARLES PAT I REP W 62.648 $222,760 $35,793 $132,250 $152,249 $400,824 $0 WEST, DUANE C DEM L 37.352 $16,965 $10,965 $250 $16,701 $263 $615 2 SLATTERY, JIM I DEM W 62.822 $467,018 $121,639 $327,550 $504,861 $52,999 $0 L 37.178 $87,021 $71,107 $8,054 $84,568 $2,417 $4,855 MORGAN, SCOTT ELLING C REP 3 MEYERS, JAN MC I REP W 60.092 $211,505 $94,498 $110,641 $209,986 $2,081 $0 JONES, LEROY C DEM L 39.908 $78,289 $14,870 $51,299 $76,007 $2,281 $2,500 REP L 29.238 $4,227 $3,727 $300 $4,317 $54 $1,000 4 GRUND, ROGER M SR C GLICKMAN, DANIEL ROB I DEM W 70.762 $520,945 $200,822 $294,865 $355,581 $192,262 $0 5 WINGERT, GEORGE D o DEM L 40.736 $69,450 $37,925 $12,950 $68,281 $1,168 $15,575 REP W 59.264 $573,188 $156,603 $100,125 $565,410 $7,776 $315,550 NICHOLS, RICHARD D o KENTUCKY 1 SEAT, MARVIN C POP L 13.115 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 HUBBARD, CARROLL JR I DEM W 86.885 $351,966 $40,945 $271,327 $239,620 $335,477 $0 REP L 33.959 $144,166 $13,283 $1,600 $144,315 $6 $93,237 2 TORI, MARTIN A C NATCHER, WILLIAM H I DEM W 66.041 $6,768 $0 $0 $6,766 $0 $0 3 BROWN, J ALPHONSO C REP L 39.437 $329,060 $242,959 $33,675 $327,390 $1,669 $40,784 DEM W 60.563 $301,713 $258,996 $300 $333,885 -$1,484 $36,900 MAZZOLI, ROMANO L I 4 MARTIN, GALEN AFTON C DEM L 30.669 $76,407 $21,545 $32,900 $76,580 $800 $23,445 -32- BUNNING, JIM I REP W 69.331 $532,775 $268,843 $225,900 $563,409 $97,018 $0 REP W 100.000 $180,606 $77,756 $71,025 $103,286 $270,493 $0 5 ROGERS, HAROLD I 6 HOPKINS, LARRY J U S I REP W 100.000 $203,286 $1,400 $92,200 $120,647 $691,433 $0 7 PERKINS, CARL CHRIST I DEM W 50.809 $340,047 $71,690 $267,575 $344,561 $3,640 $42,923 L 49.191 $170,784 $145,539 $9,500 $172,257 $1,490 $9,128 SCOTT, WILLIAM THOMP C REP LOUISIANA 1 LIVINGSTON, ROBERT L I REP W 100.000 $279,603 $116,959 $140,878 $108,207 $282,513 $0 2 JEFFERSON, WILLIAM J o DEM W 52.546 $448,100 $239,066 $104,950 $446,743 $1,355 $159,655 MORIAL, MARC H O DEM L 47.454 $492,323 $226,009 $26,500 $487,171 $4,847 $244,033 3 DUPLANTIS, RONALD P C L 8.432 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 TAUZIN, WILBERT J "B I DEM W 87.857 $460,418 $122,990 $243,922 $474,224 $48,411 $0 C L 3.711 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 CLEMENT, MILLARD F 4 CAMPBELL, FOSTER L C DEM L 45.291 $316,703 $133,022 $139,450 $305,348 $12,676 $17,874 MCCRERY, JAMES OTIS - I REP W 54.709 $469,766 $241,947 $190,623 $481,504 $37,690 $1,000 BATEY, CARL DENVER C DEM L 13.799 $5,000 $0 $0 $4,415 $584 $4,000 5 KNOX, L.D. "NOTA" C L 3.314 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 HUCKABY, THOMAS JERA I DEM W 73.518 $218,774 $65,951 $106,498 $240,832 $273,331 $0 ROARK, BRADLEY THOMA C REP L 9.370 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $67,056 $0 6 BAKER, RICHARD HUGH I REP W 100.000 $382,622 $217,459 $153,761 $332,905 7 HAYES, JAMES A I DEM W 60.119 $317,295 $108,024 $164,850 $309,229 $48,849 $122,000 THIBODAUX, DAVID C REP L 39.881 $158,918 $139,407 $7,957 $157,656 $1,061 $0 $62,110 $0 8 HOLLOWAY, CLYDE C I REP W 56.440 $383,701 $228,655 $144,263 $385,877 FIELDS, CLEO C DEM L 29.565 $120,070 $108,270 $8,500 $111,828 $9,561 $6,003 MCPHERSON, WILLIAM J C DEM L 13.995 $181,505 $130,700 $30,550 $180,288 $1,215 $17,900 FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION FINANCIAL DATA FOR HOUSE GENERAL ELECTION CAMPAIGNS THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1990 DIST CANDIDATE INC PARTY GEN GEN NET INDIV OTHER NET CASH DEBTS CHL PCT RECEIPTS CONTRIB POLITICAL DISBURSE ON OWED OPN CMTE'S HAND MAINE 1 ANDREWS, THOMAS H o DEM W 60.197 $696,604 $401,252 $244,473 $693,165 $9,437 $101,720 EMERY, DAVID F o REP L 39.803 $465,551 $223,311 $162,121 $463,873 $1,676 $37,411 2 MCGOWAN, PATRICK K C DEM L 48.971 $229,478 $148,599 $65,903 $228,344 $1,134 $3,582 SNOWE, OLYMPIA J I REP W 51.029 $278,223 $157,500 $97,655 $306,289 $3,335 $5,500 MARYLAND 1 DYSON, ROY I DEM L 43.160 $759,213 $236,189 $497,700 $771,809 $1,268 $27,492 GILCHREST, WAYNE THO C REP W 56.840 $266,930 $150,992 $60,074 $264,932 $2,856 $5,575 2 BENTLEY, HELEN DELIC I REP W 74.363 $781,008 $535,706 $214,305 $730,852 $131,837 $4,152 BOWERS, RONALD P C DEM L 25.637 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 3 NICHOLS, HARWOOD S C REP L 30.275 $4,325 $0 $0 $4,234 $90 $0 CARDIN, BENJAMIN LOU I DEM W 69.725 $532,752 $188,626 $200,790 $363,847 $250,724 $0 4 MCMILLEN, C THOMAS I DEM W 58.846 $757,145 $299,384 $423,275 $560,909 $328,285 $0 DUCKWORTH, ROBERT P C REP L 41.154 $41,205 $6,593 $0 $41,129 $74 $33,033 5 BREUER, LEE F C REP L 19.335 $9,084 $1,150 $0 $8,709 $372 $9,117 HOYER, STENY HAMILTO I DEM W 80.665 $725,418 $253,316 $417,235 $716,469 $321,405 $0 6 BYRON, BEVERLY B I DEM W 65.346 $282,337 $107,019 $165,245 $325,997 $33,737 $0 FIOTES, CHRISTOPHER C REP L 34.654 $3,559 $2,335 $0 $3,557 $0 $0 7 KONDNER, KENNETH KAR C REP L 15.008 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 MFUME, KWEISI I DEM W 84.992 $224,826 $86,385 $128,000 $205,671 $84,387 $0 8 MORELLA, CONSTANCE A I REP W 73.527 $542,961 $287,386 $239,709 $353,959 $201,384 $0 WALKER, JAMES W JR C DEM L 22.242 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 ALTMAN, SIDNEY C IND L 4.232 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 MASSACHUSETTS 1 CONTE, SILVIO O I REP W 77.562 $146,537 $31,463 $63,502 $167,443 $258,037 $0 ARDEN, JOHN R C DEM L 22.438 $664 $140 $0 $911 $48 $229 -33- 2 NEAL, RICHARD E I DEM W 100.000 $462,672 $148,766 $248,878 $534,345 $12,496 $58,683 $0 3 EARLY, JOSEPH D I DEM W 100.000 $281,707 $195,359 $86,348 $282,012 $111,190 4 FRANK, BARNEY I DEM W 65.535 $643,920 $402,029 $220,517 $718,160 $53,329 $4,068 SOTO, JOHN RAYMOND C REP L 34.465 $32,078 $16,403 $2,250 $31,903 $172 $6,846 5 ATKINS, CHESTER G I DEM W 52.181 $843,893 $829,577 $430 $861,333 $2,449 $35,624 MACGOVERN, JOHN F C REP L 47.819 $238,736 $196,324 $33,082 $236,851 $2,780 $23,755 6 C REP L 34.941 $20,196 $12,256 $200 $19,771 $423 $4,900 KELLEY, EDGAR L MAVROULES, NICHOLAS I DEM W 65.059 $289,794 $165,382 $119,749 $333,912 $61,574 $3,075 7 MARKEY, EDWARD JOHN I DEM W 100.000 $336,209 $256,525 $0 $207,273 $579,994 $0 DAVIES, SUSAN CARYN C L 5.073 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 8 KENNEDY, JOSEPH P II I DEM W 72.283 $805,013 $628,895 $108,550 $832,815 $227,284 $0 FISCUS, GLENN C REP L 22.645 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 MOAKLEY, JOHN JOSEPH I DEM W 70.281 $512,858 $184,320 $279,274 $318,847 $489,816 $0 9 HORAN, ROBERT C IND L 29.719 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 10 STUDDS, GERRY E I DEM W 53.408 $600,325 $339,590 $221,581 $620,387 $21,912 $0 BRYAN, JON LANCE C REP L 46.592 $281,651 $187,285 $0 $271,902 $11,645 $118,000 11 DONNELLY, BRIAN I DEM W 100.000 $303,943 $45,350 $168,850 $104,221 $669,414 $0 MICHIGAN 1 MAYS, ROBERT C IND L 1.322 $8,500 $0 $0 $8,499 $0 $0 CONYERS, JOHN JR I DEM W 89.276 $300,877 $109,466 $178,360 $288,906 $38,192 $32,267 SHOULDERS, RAYMOND H C REP L 8.511 $545 $545 $0 $545 $0 $0 FLINT, JONATHAN PAUL C LIB L 0.891 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION FINANCIAL DATA FOR HOUSE GENERAL ELECTION CAMPAIGNS THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1990 DIST CANDIDATE INC PARTY GEN GEN NET INDIV OTHER NET CASH DEBTS CHL PCT RECEIPTS CONTRIB POLITICAL DISBURSE ON OWED OPN CMTE'S HAND MICHIGAN DEM L 33.172 $9,575 $2,575 $4,800 $9,573 $0 $0 2 WHITE, ELMER C PURSELL, CARL D I REP W 64.078 $285,808 $163,293 $96,415 $135,801 $240,044 $0 3 HASKINS, BRADLEY JAM C REP L 42.145 $280,311 $194,060 $56,300 $274,106 $4,355 $0 WOLPE, HOWARD E I DEM W 57.855 $791,685 $309,241 $414,976 $815,244 $59,327 $3,000 4 UPTON, FREDERICK STE I REP W 57.769 $445,881 $274,857 $152,654 $503,164 $42,144 $800 MCFARLAND, B JOANNE C DEM L 42.231 $82,095 $15,578 $48,100 $78,392 $3,702 $0 I REP W 75.418 $398,627 $282,695 $92,880 $241,151 $275,521 $0 5 HENRY, PAUL B TRZYBINSKI, THOMAS M C DEM L 24.582 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 6 CARR, BOB I DEM W 99.750 $397,155 $149,936 $208,550 $223,595 $255,444 $0 C REP L 31.620 $6,382 $5,820 $0 $6,382 $0 $0 7 MORRILL, DAVID J KILDEE, DALE E I DEM W 68.380 $259,480 $66,144 $187,746 $222,531 $39,580 $0 8 TRAXLER, BOB I DEM W 68.605 $295,544 $74,562 $186,860 $176,479 $358,806 $0 C REP L 31.395 $558 $125 $0 $433 $125 $0 WHITE, L JAMES 9 GREENE, GERALDINE C DEM L 45.244 $22,554 $4,507 $12,000 $22,155 $397 $900 VANDER JAGT, GUY A I REP W 54.756 $448,892 $174,055 $270,171 $452,960 $104,106 $0 CONGDON, CHARLES o LIB L 1.627 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 10 DENNISON, JOAN LOUIS o DEM L 33.202 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 CAMP, DAVID LEE o REP W 65.170 $667,713 $361,894 $175,075 $657,229 $10,483 $117,153 11 GOULD, MARCIA RAE C DEM L 38.726 $3,721 $401 $0 $4,072 $10 $125 DAVIS, ROBERT WILLIA I REP W 61.274 $340,079 $77,291 $242,224 $325,232 $114,637 $0 12 RODDIS, ROBERT W C LIB L 1.628 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 DINGEMAN, JAMES H C REP L 33.670 $296,051 $129,359 $31,156 $295,184 $867 $85,507 $0 BONIOR, DAVID EDWARD I DEM W 64.702 $1,189,127 $341,880 $728,055 $1,188,905 $89,849 13 EDWARDS, CARL R SR o REP L 16.519 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 PULLEY, CLEVE ANDREW o IND L 0.782 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 -34- $52,524 COLLINS, BARBARA-ROS o DEM W 80.135 $335,736 $134,205 $68,620 $274,688 $61,044 HAMPTON, JEFF J o LIB L 0.957 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 GRIFFEN, JOYCE ANN o L 1.607 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 14 MORRIS, KENNETH N C LIB L 1.394 $0 $0 MCNEALY, KENNETH C C REP L 32.814 $1,256 $125 $0 $1,068 $0 $0 GALE, ROBERT JOHN C L 2.181 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 HERTEL, DENNIS M I DEM W 63.610 $306,850 $93,566 $186,680 $187,545 $281,310 $0 15 FORD, WILLIAM D I DEM W 61.196 $384,737 $67,689 $280,598 $354,964 $186,613 $0 ADKINS, BURL CLARENC C REP L 36.581 $42,511 $25,811 $5,200 $42,834 $159 $5,825 HUNT, DAVID R C LIB L 2.223 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 16 DINGELL, JOHN D I DEM W 66.583 $843,579 $172,480 $625,727 $602,952 $490,871 $122 POPE, RODGER CONANT C LIB L 1.511 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 L 31.906 $3,775 $3,675 $0 $3,774 $0 $0 BEAUMONT, FRANK J C REP 17 LEVIN, SANDER I DEM W 69.691 $356,280 $86,440 $241,525 $271,072 $255,205 $0 LANKFORD, BLAINE L C REP L 30.309 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 DEM L 33.637 $98,767 $32,125 $25,600 $97,203 $1,562 $240 18 BRIGGS, WALTER OWEN C BROOMFIELD, WILLIAM I REP W 66.363 $243,762 $78,351 $56,200 $78,205 $754,678 $0 MINNESOTA 1 PENNY, TIMOTHY J I DEM W 78.138 $230,040 $85,119 $113,050 $197,442 $256,193 $0 L 21.862 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 ANDERSON, DOUG C REP 2 WEBER, JOHN VINCENT I REP W 61.853 $613,549 $328,166 $240,653 $670,684 $213,403 $0 STONE, JIM C DFL L 38.147 $17,785 $4,993 $825 $17,778 $3 $1,455 FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION FINANCIAL DATA FOR HOUSE GENERAL ELECTION CAMPAIGNS THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1990 DIST CANDIDATE INC PARTY GEN GEN NET INDIV OTHER NET CASH DEBTS CHL PCT RECEIPTS CONTRIB POLITICAL DISBURSE ON OWED OPN CMTE'S HAND MINNESOTA 3 DEMARS, LOUIS G o DEM L 32.986 $338,261 $176,952 $107,925 $337,321 $672 $43,231 RAMSTAD, JAMES M O REP W 67.014 $936,208 $677,539 $237,745 $935,454 $753 $122,580 4 VENTO, BRUCE F I DEM W 64.868 $259,456 $39,295 $187,095 $265,699 $155,180 $0 MAITLAND, IAN HAMILT C REP L 35.132 $57,086 $50,830 $0 $57,415 $982 $14,204 5 SABO, MARTIN OLAV I DEM W 72.804 $355,684 $75,264 $226,950 $321,644 $216,221 $0 GILBERTSON, RAYMOND C REP L 27.196 $7,950 $4,010 $0 $9,497 $0 $1,750 6 ANDERSON, BRUCE DOUG C REP L 35.355 $16,718 $9,068 $0 $16,219 $600 $2,000 SIKORSKI, GERRY I DFL W 64.645 $443,201 $56,244 $335,487 $378,087 $306,294 $0 7 STANGELAND, ARLAN I REP L 46.438 $489,490 $173,096 $298,670 $487,224 $25,250 $0 PETERSON, COLLIN C C DEM W 53.562 $266,773 $61,733 $185,598 $242,864 $9,233 $82,906 8 SHUSTER, GERALD C REP L 27.058 $16,696 $14,615 $0 $16,681 $13 $0 OBERSTAR, JAMES LOUI I DEM W 72.942 $364,577 $70,195 $248,780 $229,262 $393,551 $0 MISSISSIPPI 1 BOWLIN, JOHN WILLIAM C REP L 35.132 $14,780 $13,105 $250 $14,750 $30 $0 WHITTEN, JAMIE LLOYD I DEM W 64.868 $183,612 $8,450 $129,450 $96,254 $435,724 $0 2 BENFORD, DOROTHY C REP L 15.894 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 ESPY, ALPHONSO MICHA I DEM W 84.106 $448,212 $147,887 $219,225 $365,825 $85,459 $27,793 3 MONTGOMERY, G V (SON I DEM W 100.000 $112,779 $39,005 $55,250 $71,181 $171,908 $0 4 PARKS, JERRY C REP L 19.402 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 PARKER, PAUL MICHAEL I DEM W 80.598 $526,415 $224,577 $286,473 $479,651 $48,162 $0 4/5 SMITH, SHEILA A C REP L 18.629 $205,068 $58,364 $10,400 $205,067 $0 $0 TAYLOR, GARY EUGENE I DEM W 81.371 $316,052 $163,082 $143,426 $322,048 $2,874 $42,054 MISSOURI 1 PIOTROWSKI, WAYNE GE C REP L 39.100 $12,767 $10,369 $0 $12,666 $100 $1,530 CLAY, WILLIAM LACY I DEM W 60.900 $213,965 $23,805 $182,550 $196,909 $119,666 $0 2 HORN, JOAN KELLY C DEM W 50.013 $356,766 $175,528 $160,515 $340,390 $16,376 $18,250 BUECHNER, JOHN W JAC I REP L 49.987 $639,968 $363,716 $259,595 $670,758 $0 $0 3 HOLEKAMP, MALCOLM L C REP L 43.202 $82,784 $45,980 $4,966 $82,077 $38 $31,713 GEPHARDT, RICHARD A I DEM W 56.798 $1,647,415 $815,339 $762,687 $1,455,794 $193,485 $0 4 I DEM W 61.848 $390,115 $145,665 $242,050 $306,485 $311,648 $0 SKELTON, IKE EYERLY, DAVID C REP L 38.152 $7,115 $1,000 $0 $7,137 $215 $0 5 WHEAT, ALAN I DEM W 62.088 $311,266 $58,120 $224,435 $245,132 $263,939 $0 GARDNER, ROBERT H C REP L 37.912 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 6 MCCLURE, BOB C DEM L 48.072 $19,431 $945 $0 $22,428 $0 $0 COLEMAN, TOM I REP W 51.928 $281,837 $72,957 $184,870 $315,922 $33,407 $0 7 HANCOCK, MELTON D I REP W 52.147 $280,787 $135,812 $122,782 $182,474 $129,033 $0 DEATON, THOMAS PATRI C DEM L 47.853 $103,759 $53,419 $47,445 $103,265 $1,649 $2,850 8 CARNAHAN, JOHN RUSSE C DEM L 42.721 $250,002 $123,340 $120,950 $246,595 $3,406 $18,644 EMERSON, BILL I REP W 57.279 $625,060 $279,144 $326,541 $704,447 $7,761 $0 $0 9 VOLKMER, HAROLD LEE I DEM W 57.528 $308,533 $77,699 $218,715 $238,679 $159,821 CURTIS, GORDON S (DO C REP L 42.472 $36,020 $26,685 $1,000 $36,045 $0 $0 MONTANA 1 WILLIAMS, PAT I DEM W 59.194 $458,293 $143,141 $296,640 $345,258 $214,350 $0 JOHNSON, BRADLEY SUN C REP L 40.806 $86,542 $62,077 $4,300 $90,238 -$3,698 $15,315 2 MARLENEE, RON I REP W 63.525 $297,771 $138,555 $140,750 $310,981 $76,486 $0 BURRIS, DON EDGAR C DEM L 36.475 $29,822 $14,599 $0 $22,129 $7,354 $11,009 NEBRASKA 1 HALL, LARRY M C DEM L 35.226 $65,064 $17,097 $43,400 $65,064 $0 $2,499 BEREUTER, DOUGLAS K I REP W 64.704 $254,654 $97,030 $147,250 $223,898 $54,730 $0 FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION FINANCIAL DATA FOR HOUSE GENERAL ELECTION CAMPAIGNS THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1990 DIST CANDIDATE INC PARTY GEN GEN NET INDIV OTHER NET CASH DEBTS CHL PCT RECEIPTS CONTRIB POLITICAL DISBURSE ON OWED OPN CMTE'S HAND NEBRASKA 41.798 $632,229 $398,853 $152,769 $625,716 $6,449 $9,128 2 MILDER, ALLY C REP L HOAGLAND, PETER I DEM W 57.855 $935,652 $263,828 $615,587 $929,247 $11,720 $150,540 3 SCOFIELD, SANDRA KAY o DEM L 48.840 $457,931 $201,185 $239,816 $457,655 $275 $0 BARRETT, WILLIAM E o REP W 51.107 $644,559 $367,397 $193,583 $624,575 $19,982 $70,000 NEVADA 1 DICKINSON, ROBERT CA C REP L 34.418 $149,863 $92,203 $9,775 $149,778 $84 $24,885 MOORE, WILLIAM BILL C LIB L 4.086 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $705,037 $1,107 $30,000 BILBRAY, JAMES H I DEM W 61.496 $686,010 $235,318 $218,056 2 VUCANOVICH, BARBARA I REP W 59.077 $445,465 $258,959 $166,275 $441,075 $5,705 $15,000 BECON, DAN C LIB L 6.917 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $483 $4,784 WISDOM, JANE C DEM L 34.006 $41,771 $8,881 $22,500 $41,287 NEW HAMPSHIRE 1 KEEFE, JOSEPH F o DEM L 44.756 $378,930 $180,116 $175,279 $377,993 $1,042 $39,058 ZELIFF, WILLIAM H JR o REP W 55.244 $807,514 $283,013 $130,601 $802,680 $4,826 $375,800 2 DOUGLAS, CHARLES G I I REP L 47.311 $575,748 $336,863 $223,050 $540,605 $40,012 $0 SWETT, RICHARD NELSO C DEM W 52.689 $470,252 $273,586 $186,000 $465,160 $5,090 $10,157 NEW JERSEY DEM W 54.287 $542,535 $252,593 $236,190 $541,960 $574 $85,939 1 ANDREWS, ROBERT E O ZELDEN, JERRY o LIB L 1.181 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 HARRIS, WILLIAM HENR O L 0.796 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 KONSTANTY, WALTER E L 1.057 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 o MANGINI, DANIEL J o REP L 42.679 $83,705 $37,635 $23,850 $79,662 $4,220 $0 2 HUGHES, WILLIAM J I DEM W 88.171 $282,731 $113,726 $91,270 $211,686 $208,172 $0 C L 11.829 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 KANENGISER, WILLIAM 3 PLONSKI, JOSEPH A C L 0.548 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 -36- MCKEAN, RICHARD D C IND L 2.773 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 DEM W 49.092 $632,450 $206,434 $394,464 $634,109 $761 $54,371 PALLONE, FRANK J JR I KAPALKO, PAUL A C REP L 46.402 $118,692 $93,011 $11,050 $115,202 $3,489 $12,925 STEWART, WILLIAM C LIB L 1.185 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 LIB L 1.343 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 4 PETERS, CARL C SMITH, CHRISTOPHER H I REP W 62.901 $280,579 $148,643 $113,126 $292,826 $65,394 $0 SETARO, MARK S C DEM L 34.363 $55,701 $47,749 $4,000 $55,772 $126 $1,142 L 0.755 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 NOTARANGELO, JOSEPH C CARTER, JM C L 0.638 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 5 ROUKEMA, MARGE I REP W 75.653 $446,589 $201,011 $219,068 $443,540 $98,290 $2,000 C L 1.920 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 RICHARDS, MARK OLSON; LAWRENCE WAYN C DEM L 22.427 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 6 DANIELCZYK, PAUL C REP L 46.178 $8,987 $5,550 $800 $8,887 $99 $1,806 DEM W 50.531 $146,908 $8,250 $125,747 $147,925 $70,432 $0 DWYER, BERNARD J I SCHOEN, HOWARD F C LIB L 1.415 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 WALLER, RANDOLPH C L 1.875 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 SARNOWSKI, THOMAS V C L 2.181 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 7 RINALDO, MATTHEW J I REP W 74.655 $626,502 $252,818 $240,920 $405,355 $967,326 $0 BERGEN, BRUCE C DEM L 23.165 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 SIBILIA, STEPHEN C L 18.439 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 8 ROE, ROBERT I DEM W 76.899 $651,952 $197,250 $329,910 $558,625 $577,940 $0 EDEN, BRUCE C L 4.662 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION FINANCIAL DATA FOR HOUSE GENERAL ELECTION CAMPAIGNS THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1990 DIST CANDIDATE INC PARTY GEN GEN NET INDIV OTHER NET CASH DEBTS CHL PCT RECEIPTS CONTRIB POLITICAL DISBURSE ON OWED OPN CMTE'S HAND NEW JERSEY 9 TORRICELLI, ROBERT G I DEM W 57.033 $818,917 $458,501 $236,389 $495,219 $846,461 $34,719 GRABOWSKI, CHESTER C L 1.774 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 RUSSO, PETER J C REP L 41.194 $34,591 $22,991 $1,600 $34,513 $123 $1,600 10 PAYNE, DONALD M I DEM W 81.476 $282,420 $82,114 $185,642 $162,612 $251,949 $0 BERKELEY, HOWARD E. C REP L 17.344 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 MEHRABIAN, GEORGE C SWP L 1.180 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 11 GOULD, JASPER "JACK" C L 2.463 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 GALLO, DEAN A I REP W 64.942 $652,386 $431,833 $189,245 $694,735 $71,891 GORDON, MICHAEL C DEM L 32.596 $106,599 $86,795 $5,850 $105,031 $1,547 $0 12 KORTEPETER, CARL MAX o IND L 1.445 $10,708 $4,875 $0 $11,806 $94 $0 BOTTCHER, JOAN I o IND L 2.630 $10,891 $8,139 $0 $10,651 $239 $563 CHANDLER, MARGUERITE 100 DEM L 31.071 $1,716,554 $166,380 $51,864 $1,707,539 $3,012 $1,024,027 NOTARANGELO, MICHAEL o L 0.833 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 ZIMMER, RICHARD A o REP W 64.021 $1,227,742 $901,105 $204,983 $1,224,626 $3,115 $208,274 13 ADLER, JOHN H C DEM L 39.471 $210,993 $123,640 $56,599 $203,147 $653 $25,257 SAXTON, H JAMES I REP W 58.114 $628,142 $337,334 $250,149 $730,989 $48,861 $0 PEARLMAN, HOWARD SCO C L 2.415 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 14 GUARINI, FRANK J I DEM W 67.542 $461,948 $154,050 $299,833 $299,807 $344,190 $0 VERNOTICO, LOUIS C IND L 0.380 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 STOVEKEN, DONALD K C L 0.609 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 THEEMLING, FRED J JR C REP L 29.880 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 HARRIS, JANE E C SWP L 1.589 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 NEW MEXICO I REP W 70.215 $554,465 $324,500 $223,203 $538,273 $20,540 $0 1 SCHIFF, STEVEN H -37- VIGIL-GIRON, REBECCA C DEM L 29.785 $127,218 $74,054 $34,732 $123,215 $4,003 $17,713 2 SKEEN, JOSEPH RICHAR I REP W 100.000 $197,830 $73,209 $109,210 $80,737 $196,902 $1,471 3 ARCHULETTA, PHIL T C REP L 25.541 $19,557 $5,186 $5,500 $20,902 $88 $9,000 RICHARDSON, BILL I DEM W 74.459 $531,096 $141,250 $346,707 $420,907 $329,903 $1,804 NEW YORK 1 HOCHBRUECKNER, GEORG I DEM W 56.302 $655,297 $212,405 $398,062 $638,635 $15,836 $3,000 CREIGHTON, FRANCIS W C REP L 34.719 $45,545 $33,545 $550 $45,544 $0 $0 O'HARA, PETER J C RTL L 3.826 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 BALDWIN, CLAYTON JR. C CRV L 5.153 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 C CRV L 8.011 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 2 CURCIO, DOMINIC A DOWNEY, THOMAS J I DEM W 55.757 $612,878 $201,227 $330,762 $635,392 $486,556 $0 BUGLER, JOHN W C REP L 36.232 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 3 MRAZEK, ROBERT J I DEM W 53.293 $602,613 $343,101 $193,185 $458,759 $351,185 $0 PREVIDI, ROBERT C REP L 43.120 $186,877 $151,212 $14,900 $184,513 $4,535 $15,000 DREGER, FRANCIS A C RTL L 3.587 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 4 HEYMAN, BEN-ZION J C LBL L 1.807 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 GOBAN, FRANCIS THOMA C DEM L 31.858 $0 $0 $0 $125 $0 $0 DUNKLE, JOHN C LIB L 5.172 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 LENT, NORMAN FREDERI I REP W 61.163 $596,305 $123,994 $406,820 $398,706 $687,015 $0 $0 $0 5 KITT, EDWARD KRISTIA C L 4.550 $0 $0 $0 $0 MCGRATH, RAYMOND J I REP W 54.561 $537,366 $142,844 $225,358 $618,882 $245,216 $594 EPSTEIN, MARK SANFOR C DEM L 40.889 $292,463 $182,284 $11,350 $291,412 $1,049 $48,689 6 CRONIN, JOHN C RTL L 5.130 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 SAMPOL, WILLIAM C REP L 21.807 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 FLAKE, FLOYD H I DEM W 73.063 $240,869 $103,776 $122,440 $205,031 $48,396 $41,044 FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION FINANCIAL DATA FOR HOUSE GENERAL ELECTION CAMPAIGNS THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1990 DIST CANDIDATE INC PARTY GEN GEN NET INDIV OTHER NET CASH DEBTS CHL PCT RECEIPTS CONTRIB POLITICAL DISBURSE ON OWED CMTE'S HAND OPN NEW YORK I DEM W 100.000 $305,414 $92,796 $186,537 $272,549 $285,362 $0 7 ACKERMAN, GARY L 8 SCHEUER, JAMES W I DEM W 72.264 $403,345 $70,545 $94,800 $397,799 $7,002 $307,250 REIFENKUGEL, GUSTAVE C REP L 27.736 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 MANTON, THOMAS J I DEM W 64.375 $620,609 $128,765 $452,323 $316,301 $478,772 $0 9 OGNIBENE, THOMAS V C CRV L 11.231 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 C REP L 24.394 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 DARBY, ANN P 10 SCHUMER, CHARLES E I DEM W 80.423 $819,952 $474,570 $163,612 $93,863 $1,580,475 $0 $0 KINSELLA, PATRICK J C REP L 19.577 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 11 STEVENS, LORRAINE C L 2.801 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 TOWNS, EDOLPHUS I DEM W 92.908 $335,807 $124,223 $186,250 $282,933 $151,035 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 JOHNSON, ERNEST C REP L 4.291 $0 $0 12 CAESAR, JOSEPH N O C IND L 2.711 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 MOORE, MAMIE C L 2.388 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 94.901 $161,086 $42,220 $111,525 $172,498 $6,451 $24,861 OWENS, MAJOR ROBERT I DEM W 13 RAMOS, EDWIN C REP L 19.587 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 SOLARZ, STEPHEN J I DEM W 80.413 $1,218,914 $918,600 $57,674 $517,794 $1,859,603 $0 4/14 W 60.051 $157,229 $81,946 $71,788 $141,216 $16,012 $18,222 MOLINARI, SUSAN K I REP SACCHI, CHRISTINE C REP L 4.477 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 POCCHIA, ANTHON J C DEM L 35.472 $35,054 $17,729 $1,080 $35,052 $0 $0 GREEN, BILL I REP W 58.775 $705,383 $495,891 $162,996 $458,486 $310,107 $237,000 15 REITER, FRANCES L C DEM L 37.167 $21,005 $11,885 $3,000 $19,403 $1,600 $4,000 BERNS, MICHAEL C L 4.058 $9,635 $1,135 $8,500 $9,500 $135 $2,647 16 RANGEL, CHARLES B I DEM W 97.230 $541,762 $178,297 $353,900 $601,550 $304,007 $0 $0 $0 FRAZIER, ALVAADER C L 2.770 $0 $0 $0 $0 17 PATTERSON, JOHN C L 1.105 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 KOEPPEL, WILLIAM WIL C REP L 15.467 $432,534 $149,926 $1,745 $431,513 $1,020 $42,429 $144,408 $70,049 $72,800 $112,722 $80,492 $0 WEISS, TED I DEM W 80.452 GORET, MARK C CRV L 2.976 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 4/18 JOHNSON, ANNA C CRV L 1.758 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 W 93.205 $111,390 $36,665 $74,550 $132,359 $16,391 $5,000 SERRANO, JOSE E I DEM BRAWLEY, KEVIN o CRV L 15.875 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 CHIAVARO, JOSEPH C REP L 2.915 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 RIVERA, MARY C L 2.123 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $47,018 19 ENGEL, ELIOT L I DEM W 61.206 $399,619 $72,036 $324,173 $389,698 $11,899 GOULDMAN, WILLIAM J C REP L 22.920 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 20 LOWEY, NITA M I DEM W 62.842 $1,223,045 $744,542 $448,797 $911,766 $339,552 $405,067 $147 $971 BELLITTO, GLEN DANIE C REP L 27.196 $15,505 $9,545 $0 $15,356 SCHAFER, JOHN M C CRV L 9.961 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 21 CURTIN, RICHARD S II C L 4.235 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $152,450 $204,990 $411,614 $134,830 $0 FISH, HAMILTON JR I REP W 71.374 $348,209 BARBUTO, RICHARD L C DEM L 24.391 $935 $735 $0 $729 $206 $0 22 GILMAN, BENJAMIN A I REP W 68.610 $445,481 $222,600 $195,968 $497,635 $68,257 $0 4.782 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 BEIRNE, MARGARET M C RTL L DOW, JOHN G C DEM L 26.608 $4,038 $3,538 $0 $3,473 $561 $0 23 BUHRMASTER, MARGARET C REP L 35.935 $23,300 $17,400 $250 $23,299 $0 $0 DEM W 64.065 $240,736 $85,397 $149,179 $149,204 $100,394 $0 MCNULTY, MICHAEL R I 24 SOLOMON, GERALD B I REP W 67.010 $255,758 $95,104 $147,715 $240,615 $111,840 $0 LAWRENCE, BOB C DEM L 32.990 $98,649 $33,918 $32,340 $95,100 $489 $28,810 FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION FINANCIAL DATA FOR HOUSE GENERAL ELECTION CAMPAIGNS THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1990 DIST CANDIDATE INC PARTY GEN GEN NET INDIV OTHER NET CASH DEBTS CHL PCT RECEIPTS CONTRIB POLITICAL DISBURSE ON OWED OPN CMTE'S HAND NEW YORK LIB L 16.063 $12,882 $8,529 $0 $10,577 $0 $0 25 GRIFFEN, WILLIAM L C BOEHLERT, SHERWOOD L I REP W 83.937 $303,746 $116,763 $130,950 $272,533 $189,652 $0 26 MARTIN, DAVID 0'B I REP W 100.000 $74,891 $16,646 $52,050 $59,112 $84,339 $0 REP W 63.162 $365,536 $220,544 $140,186 $340,553 $40,952 $2,842 27 WALSH, JAMES T I MURRAY, PEGGY L C DEM L 34.784 $11,934 $8,452 $2,200 $11,779 $153 $0 HOFF, STEPHEN K C RTL L 2.054 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 C REP L 35.175 $24,293 $12,178 $0 $23,766 $16 $0 28 KRIEGER, SEYMOUR MCHUGH, MATTHEW F I DEM W 64.825 $227,716 $83,007 $121,815 $200,047 $137,521 $0 29 PETERS, DONALD M C RTL L 3.449 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 C CRV L 8.909 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 DEMAURO, PETER HORTON, FRANK I REP w 63.009 $207,092 $33,739 $160,040 $186,967 $162,845 $0 EBER, ALTON F C DEM L 24.633 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 30 REGAN, JOHN M JR C REP L 40.976 $24,863 $24,259 $0 $24,712 $150 $16,778 SLAUGHTER, LOUISE M I DEM W 59.024 $446,664 $146,322 $282,817 $322,216 $129,299 $11,502 31 PAXON, BILL I REP W 56.552 $692,799 $430,988 $239,020 $506,934 $180,313 $0 GAUGHAN, KEVIN P C DEM L 43.448 $101,182 $31,754 $51,492 $100,353 $ 825 $5,150 $0 32 LAFALCE, JOHN J I DEM W 55.014 $339,919 $51,847 $196,675 $145,079 $645,138 WARING, MICHAEL T C REP L 31.425 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 KOWALSKI, KENNETH JA C REP L 13.561 $273 $173 $0 $231 $40 $0 $0 $0 33 BASAR, JOHN A JR C DEM L 4.125 $0 $0 $0 $0 KEPFER, THOMAS K C REP L 16.597 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 CORRIGAN, LOUIS P C DEM L 5.897 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 NOWAK, HENRY J I DEM W 77.506 $150,832 $18,806 $98,908 $93,158 $238,450 $0 34 HOUGHTON, AMORY H JR I REP W 69.605 $333,962 $211,499 $102,000 $178,401 $306,780 $0 LEAHEY, JOSEPH P C DEM L 28.995 $6,483 $765 $0 $6,462 $0 $0 -39- $0 $0 $0 EKLUND, NEVIN K C LBL L 1.400 $0 $0 $0 NORTH CAROLINA 1 JONES, WALTER B I DEM W 64.785 $127,710 $5,700 $72,100 $111,622 $328,428 $0 MOYE, HOWARD DEWITT C REP L 35.215 $20,570 $14,875 $250 $20,463 $116 $15,858 $656 $22,646 2 SHARPE, HAL COURTNEY C REP L 25.258 $58,015 $39,413 $1,400 $56,842 VALENTINE, ITIMOUS T I DEM W 74.742 $261,712 $91,143 $159,202 $286,351 $20,314 $0 3 LANCASTER, HAROLD MA I DEM W 59.300 $421,283 $192,292 $204,450 $499,436 $20,581 $0 $4,477 $39,300 DAVIS, DONALD SPENCE C REP L 40.700 $88,138 $40,636 $500 $84,160 4 CARRINGTON, JOHN H C REP L 41.932 $893,349 $73,021 $0 $890,838 $2,509 $0 PRICE, DAVID E I DEM W 58.068 $771,624 $343,986 $385,210 $793,291 $11,899 $50,778 5 NEAL, STEPHEN L I DEM W 59.105 $671,884 $197,716 $398,879 $647,331 $27,665 $2,074 BELL, KENNETH DAVIS C REP L 40.895 $178,200 $118,924 $2,550 $174,574 $3,625 $6,276 6 COBLE, JOHN HOWARD I REP W 66.590 $572,043 $332,236 $223,860 $572,846 $15,846 $0 $33,135 $2,052 $2,854 ALLEGRONE, HELEN R C DEM L 33.410 $35,188 $12,460 $9,500 7 ANDERSON, ROBERT C C REP L 34.351 $24,449 $9,071 $0 $21,131 $3,256 $10,591 ROSE, CHARLES GRANDI I DEM W 65.649 $328,232 $52,197 $196,654 $153,315 $540,833 $50,000 $34,074 $300,893 $7,037 $1,000 8 BLANTON, TED C REP L 45.030 $306,813 $249,562 HEFNER, W G (BILL) I DEM W 54.970 $660,311 $180,017 $445,293 $656,383 $111,471 $10,761 9 MCMILLAN, J ALEX I REP W 62.018 $399,007 $101,686 $278,085 $385,183 $103,331 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 MCKNIGHT, DAVID P. C DEM L 37.982 $0 $0 10 GREEN, DANIEL RAY JR C DEM L 38.179 $39,178 $16,061 $11,800 $37,846 $1,327 $6,767 BALLENGER, THOMAS CA I REP W 61.821 $297,417 $112,708 $183,749 $302,006 $21,544 $0 FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION FINANCIAL DATA FOR HOUSE GENERAL ELECTION CAMPAIGNS THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1990 DIST CANDIDATE INC PARTY GEN GEN NET INDIV OTHER NET CASH DEBTS CHL PCT RECEIPTS CONTRIB POLITICAL DISBURSE ON OWED CMTE'S HAND OPN NORTH CAROLINA 11 TAYLOR, CHARLES HART C REP W 50.664 $523,580 $185,058 $111,689 $523,867 $543 $434,467 CLARKE, JAMES MCCLUR I DEM L 49.336 $486,131 $157,665 $278,941 $499,869 $683 $24,157 NORTH DAKOTA 0 DORGAN, BYRON L CONG I DEM W 65.190 $598,971 $108,261 $449,050 $504,800 $237,008 $0 SCHAFER, EDWARD T C REP L 34.808 $285,042 $80,471 $1,050 $284,855 $187 $150,000 OHIO 1 LUKEN, CHARLES O DEM W 51.086 $680,789 $266,523 $369,725 $651,544 $29,243 $0 BLACKWELL, J KENNETH o REP L 48.914 $671,848 $396,023 $183,490 $670,640 $1,207 $8,481 $202,259 $112,796 $0 $124,331 $442,751 $0 2 GRADISON, WILLIS D J I REP W 64.418 YATES, TYRONE K C DEM L 35.582 $5,546 $4,079 $1,200 $5,350 $195 $150 3 HALL, TONY P I DEM W 100.000 $173,805 $9,494 $130,592 $133,861 $312,635 $0 $298,581 $37,071 $200,233 $330,272 $188,791 $0 4 OXLEY, MICHAEL G I REP W 61.710 BURKHART, THOMAS E C DEM L 38.290 $19,103 $4,718 $12,000 $19,102 $0 $0 5 MANGE, P SCOTT C DEM L 25.128 $250 $0 $0 $248 $0 $0 $325,743 $88,525 $230,425 $254,688 $83,139 $0 GILLMOR, PAUL E I REP W 68.476 JACKSON, JOHN E C IND L 6.396 $4,680 $1,580 $3,100 $4,650 $27 $0 6 MCEWEN, BOB I REP W 71.200 $292,650 $137,703 $144,630 $196,934 $118,666 $0 MITCHELL, RAYMOND SA C DEM L 28.800 $16,745 $0 $0 $11,171 $894 $5,603 7 SCHIRA, JOHN A (JACK o DEM L 37.929 $89,592 $26,712 $32,200 $89,019 $1,133 $19,760 HOBSON, DAVID L o REP W 62.071 $389,738 $173,806 $202,427 $389,136 $602 $14,008 L 38.880 $115,495 $61,170 $48,825 $114,852 $2,189 $7,689 8 JOLIVETTE, GREGORY V C DEM BOEHNER, JOHN ANDREW C REP W 61.120 $737,441 $333,317 $219,526 $732,765 $4,674 $191,055 9 LAMMERS, JERRY D C REP L 22.308 $200 $0 $0 $200 $0 $0 W 77.692 $227,820 $61,768 $114,830 $211,524 $58,129 $0 KAPTUR, MARCIA C (MA I DEM 10 BUCHANAN, JOHN M C DEM L 36.773 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 -40- MILLER, CLARENCE E I REP W 63.227 $99,589 $10,744 $71,250 $75,367 $126,334 $0 W 65.719 $510,699 $98,019 $371,536 $453,883 $159,440 $1,500 11 ECKART, DENNIS E I DEM MUELLER, MARGARET RE C REP L 34.275 $66,674 $21,351 $0 $72,686 $91 $967,542 12 GELPI, MICHAEL A C DEM L 28.014 $42,854 $27,254 $5,463 $47,815 -$4,437 $94,800 W 71.986 $328,624 $171,744 $128,715 $278,977 $93,542 $0 KASICH, JOHN R I REP 13 NIELSEN, WILLIAM D C REP L 36.955 $125,580 $52,978 $200 $124,483 $1,097 $1,987 PEASE, DONALD JAMES I DEM W 56.672 $311,899 $83,441 $184,728 $348,032 $221,677 $0 IND L 6.373 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 RYAN, JOHN MICHAEL C 14 SAWYER, THOMAS C I DEM W 59.558 $262,812 $65,375 $187,195 $264,793 $48,321 $802 BENDER, JEAN ELINOR C REP L 40.442 $2,003 $1,465 $0 $3,021 $257 $0 I REP W 59.106 $227,878 $55,490 $167,153 $242,592 $18,194 $0 15 WYLIE, CHALMERS P ERNEY, THOMAS VINCEN C DEM L 40.799 $16,000 $10,150 $4,500 $15,977 $22 $950 BUCKEL, WILLIAM (BIL C L 0.094 $283 $263 $0 $285 $0 $0 16 MENDENHALL, WARNER D C DEM L 41.090 $68,042 $29,546 $10,750 $68,021 $20 $20,668 REGULA, RALPH I REP W 58.910 $110,331 $100,541 $0 $156,205 $52,654 $0 17 TRAFICANT, JAMES A J I DEM W 77.714 $99,644 $39,934 $54,930 $79,064 $76,169 $0 DEJULIO, ROBERT RICH C REP L 22.286 $1,125 $1,285 $0 $1,700 $288 $0 $0 18 HALES, JOHN A C REP L 25.721 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 APPLEGATE, DOUGLAS I DEM W 74.279 $125,772 $28,995 $78,205 $94,754 $161,523 $0 19 FEIGHAN, EDWARD F I DEM W 64.770 $323,072 $78,864 $217,618 $229,857 $290,445 $3,000 $569 LAWKO, SUSAN MARIE C REP L 35.230 $7,863 $5,735 $0 $9,508 $366 20 OAKAR, MARY ROSE I DEM W 73.348 $337,442 $49,770 $283,859 $284,053 $57,025 $2,500 SMITH, BILL C REP L 26.652 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0. $0 FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION FINANCIAL DATA FOR HOUSE GENERAL ELECTION CAMPAIGNS THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1990 DIST CANDIDATE INC PARTY GEN GEN NET INDIV OTHER NET CASH DEBTS CHL PCT RECEIPTS CONTRIB POLITICAL DISBURSE ON OWED OPN CMTE'S HAND OHIO 21 ROSKI, FRANKLIN H C REP L 20.044 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 STOKES, LOUIS I DEM W 79.956 $250,022 $56,900 $137,575 $198,984 $241,864 $0 OKLAHOMA 1 GLASSCO, KURT GEORGE C DEM L 44.044 $411,069 $140,375 $194,950 $406,280 $6,123 $29,211 INHOFE, JAMES MOUNTA I REP W 55.956 $609,786 $214,499 $306,071 $612,116 $1,120 $28,225 2 SYNAR, MICHAEL LYNN I DEM W 61.302 $622,454 $608,140 $2,038 $631,839 $24,882 $0 GORHAM, TERRY MICHAE C REP L 38.698 $63,271 $19,672 $6,625 $62,793 $476 $0 3 MILLER, PATRICK K o REP L 19.612 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 BREWSTER, BILLY KENT o DEM W 80.388 $448,824 $221,009 $179,466 $446,766 $2,055 $0 4 MCCURDY, DAVE I DEM W 73.575 $342,376 $173,623 $149,775 $357,531 $81,622 $0 BELL, HOWARD C REP L 26.425 $3,905 $2,855 $0 $2,923 $980 $0 5 BAGGETT, BRYCE C DEM L 30.412 $6,395 $4,195 $2,200 $6,277 $116 $2,451 EDWARDS, MICKEY I REP W 69.588 $326,283 $170,109 $147,525 $373,414 $13,371 $0 6 BURNS, ROBERT C REP L 20.009 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 ENGLISH, GLENN LEE J I DEM W 79.991 $238,141 $51,280 $146,050 $157,414 $324,042 $0 OREGON 1 LIVINGSTON, RICK C IND L 6.541 $32,309 $28,209 $0 $32,309 $0 $0 AUCOIN, LES I DEM W 63.079 $599,295 $239,265 $308,748 $445,342 $361,578 $0 MOLANDER, EARL ARVID C REP L 30.380 $2,163 $1,069 $139 $2,024 $0 $0 2 SMILEY, JIM C DEM L 31.953 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 SMITH, ROBERT F (BOB I REP W 68.017 $374,114 $199,813 $148,953 $284,700 $179,736 $0 3 WYDEN, RON I DEM W 80.750 $708,598 $285,772 $341,242 $693,855 $451,751 $0 MOONEY, PHILIP E C REP L 19.133 $5,739 $1,694 $0 $4,436 $0 $2,652 4 NATHAN, TONIE C LIB L 13.959 $3,341 $2,152 $0 $3,343 $0 $0 DEFAZIO, PETER A I DEM W 85.816 $257,547 $73,289 $172,635 $217,527 $95,794 $0 -41- 5 SMITH, DENNIS A I REP L 44.869 $841,077 $421,873 $386,986 $884,828 $4,846 $0 KOPETSKI, MICHAEL JO C DEM W 55.003 $851,729 $438,931 $399,283 $843,297 $9,449 $42,584 PENNSYLVANIA 1 JACKSON, JAMES LOVE C REP L 20.573 $9,230 $360 $1,000 $5,969 $3,260 $22,582 FOGLIETTA, THOMAS M I DEM W 79.427 $465,317 $216,685 $226,918 $234,057 $366,322 $0 2 GRAY, WILLIAM H III I DEM W 92.096 $725,717 $179,969 $516,953 $814,125 $57,559 $3,062 BAKOVE, DONALD DR C REP L 7.904 $135 $310 $0 $506 $0 $0 3 MC COLGAN, JOSEPH MA C REP L 39.985 $74,723 $59,728 $1,000 $74,417 $305 $13,227 BORSKI, ROBERT A I DEM W 60.015 $325,222 $149,946 $152,800 $277,011 $155,234 $0 4 JOHNSTON, GORDON ROB C REP L 44.100 $8,870 $6,925 $0 $8,837 $53 $2,481 KOLTER, JOSEPH P I DEM W 55.900 $199,605 $15,448 $162,520 $132,920 $215,765 $0 5 SCHULZE, RICHARD T I REP W 57.113 $578,161 $162,351 $370,759 $672,705 $182,353 $0 STRETTON, SAMUEL C C DEM L 38.480 $26,717 $14,604 $3,000 $26,396 $153 $7,050 SMITH, LEWIS DUPONT- C IND L 4.407 $131,976 $0 $0 $131,929 $45 $801 6 YATRON, GUS I DEM W 57.013 $204,114 $62,576 $127,955 $191,152 $157,501 $0 HICKS, JOHN F C REP L 42.987 $72,084 $41,265 $1,618 $71,317 $768 $17,100 7 WELDON, CURT I REP W 65.286 $504,744 $265,288 $207,805 $480,165 $135,364 $270 INNELLI, JOHN FRANCI C DEM L 34.714 $109,966 $78,798 $6,400 $109,618 $346 $46,332 8 SCHALLER, AUDRIE ZET C REP L 43.367 $146,322 $119,254 $15,300 $142,957 $4,406 $11,995 KOSTMAYER, PETER H I DEM W 56.633 $759,657 $440,914 $295,528 $826,742 $10,140 $46,428 9 SHUSTER, BUD I REP W 100.000 $417,658 $220,773 $181,469 $429,942 $102,101 $0 10 MCDADE, JOSEPH M I REP W 100.000 $383,030 $89,305 $236,778 $373,388 $335,857 $0 FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION FINANCIAL DATA FOR HOUSE GENERAL ELECTION CAMPAIGNS THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1990 DIST CANDIDATE INC PARTY GEN GEN NET INDIV OTHER NET CASH DEBTS CHL PCT RECEIPTS CONTRIB POLITICAL DISBURSE ON OWED OPN CMTE'S HAND PENNSYLVANIA DEM W 100.000 $308,351 $66,033 $224,185 $405,637 $94,480 $0 11 KANJORSKI, PAUL EDMU I 12 CHOBY, WILLEAM C REP L 38.263 $6,454 $3,541 $0 $5,951 $1 $2,165 MURTHA, JOHN P I DEM W 61.737 $878,887 $270,874 $496,920 $1,097,107 $33,122 $0 REP W 60.303 $373,205 $173,017 $163,969 $235,766 $356,517 $0 13 COUGHLIN, LAWRENCE I TOMKIN, BERNARD C DEM L 39.697 $39,199 $7,179 $5,850 $39,173 $2,178 $45,000 14 CALIGIURI, RICHARD E C REP L 28.203 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 COYNE, WILLIAM J I DEM W 71.797 $156,692 $7,425 $141,600 $130,904 $229,457 $0 15 ORLOSKI, RICHARD J C DEM L 39.426 $103,249 $13,690 $2,500 $102,312 $935 $62,252 RITTER, DONALD I REP W 60.574 $560,729 $272,580 $275,106 $577,790 $25,821 $0 I REP W 66.125 $96,737 $46,485 $43,810 $98,284 $35,408 $0 16 WALKER, ROBERT S GUYLL, ERNEST E C DEM L 33.875 $0 $0. $0 $0 $0 $0 17 GEKAS, GEORGE W (WIL I REP W 100.000 $128,438 $24,016 $53,410 $93,331 $141,544 $0 C REP W 51.446 $257,786 $211,612 $27,660 $251,496 $6,289 $0 18 SANTORUM, RICHARD JO WALGREN, DOUG I DEM L 48.554 $601,897 $145,056 $423,415 $717,124 $5,031 $0 19 GOODLING, WILLIAM F I REP W 100.000 $41,011 $40,815 $0 $40,698 $6,251 $0 I DEM W 65.594 $191,541 $17,490 $158,250 $158,677 $123,222 $0 20 GAYDOS, JOSEPH M LEE, ROBERT C C REP L 34.406 $2,055 $550 $125 $1,086 $135 $2,380 21 RIDGE, THOMAS J I REP W 100.000 $454,349 $184,705 $246,265 $361,712 $226,719 $0 C REP L 36.735 $3,260 $1,352 $50 $3,258 $0 $1,029 22 HAYDEN, SUZANNE J MURPHY, AUSTIN J I DEM W 63.265 $199,802 $49,392 $139,310 $191,739 $111,254 $0 23 CLINGER, WILLIAM F J I REP W 59.390 $349,208 $142,633 $190,302 $338,431 $84,577 $11,000 C DEM L 40.610 $6,764 $4,123 $0 $6,765 $0 $0 SHANNON, DANIEL J RHODE ISLAND 1 MACHTLEY, RONALD KEI I REP W 55.160 $857,775 $500,299 $333,189 $879,464 $10,355 $8,361 WOLF, J SCOTT C DEM L 44.840 $369,300 $248,028 $104,646 $370,118 $2,600 $14,445 -42- 2 REED, JOHN F o DEM w 59.214 $902,877 $301,088 $302,216 $897,224 $6,152 $219,277 COXE, GERTRUDE M o REP L 40.786 $577,919 $325,378 $121,238 $571,643 $6,274 $104,000 SOUTH CAROLINA 1 PLATT, EUGENE C DEM L 4.994 $13,924 $6,424 $0 $14,040 -$4 $1,976 RAVENEL, ARTHUR JR I REP W 94.878 $221,611 $76,182 $113,350 $99,261 $284,458 $0 2 SOMMER, GEBHARD HORS C LIB L 10.934 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 SPENCE, FLOYD D I REP W 88.698 $188,988 $79,189 $106,533 $130,173 $62,190 $0 3 HASKETT, F RAY JR C REP L 41.918 $74,939 $43,524 $0 $74,264 $673 $35,951 DERRICK, BUTLER C I DEM W 58.026 $848,063 $219,231 $542,789 $907,904 $106,192 $0 4 PATTERSON, ELIZABETH I DEM W 61.352 $485,371 $164,261 $303,354 $485,095 $2,730 $67,215 HASKINS, TERRY EDWAR C REP L 38.445 $144,496 $75,629 $11,700 $144,353 $143 $8,200 5 SPRATT, JOHN MCKEE J I DEM W 99.866 $110,158 $5,000 $84,950 $173,157 $153,025 $64,000 6 TALLON, ROBERT M JR I DEM W 99.574 $231,293 $59,164 $145,550 $95,350 $350,780 $3,339 SOUTH DAKOTA 0 FRANKENFELD, DONALD C REP L 32.446 $215,087 $169,888 $6,608 $211,617 $3,470 $110,300 JOHNSON, TIM I DEM W 67.554 $516,816 $228,634 $251,800 $463,625 $104,643 $0 TENNESSEE 1 QUILLEN, JAMES HENRY I REP W 99.866 $596,536 $88,066 $360,350 $263,291 $1,044,255 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 2 HERBERT, PETER C IND L 19.408 $0 $0 DUNCAN, JOHN JAMES J I REP W 80.567 $325,691 $151,189 $165,501 $200,935 $137,716 $0 3 RHODEN, GRADY LAMAR c REP L 39.349 $1,415 $1,315 $0 $1,414 $0 $0 GOOGE, GEORGE E C IND L 1.651 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 LLOYD, MARILYN L MC I DEM W 53.023 $415,056 $130,525 $233,750 $234,107 $184,618 $0 MELCHER, PETER T C IND L 5.977 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION FINANCIAL DATA FOR HOUSE GENERAL ELECTION CAMPAIGNS THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1990 DIST CANDIDATE INC PARTY GEN GEN NET INDIV OTHER NET CASH DEBTS CHL PCT RECEIPTS CONTRIB POLITICAL DISBURSE ON OWED OPN CMTE'S HAND TENNESSEE 4 BULLINGTON, GENE M C IND L 2.952 $1,423 $0 $0 $1,423 $0 $0 SANDERS, CLAIBORNE " C REP L 29.623 $16,497 $15 $0 $12,588 $3,907 $16,482 COOPER, JAMES HAYES I DEM W 67.425 $183,494 $65,357 $107,400 $56,922 $205,616 $0 5 CLEMENT, ROBERT N (B I DEM W 72.444 $424,581 $133,779 $272,825 $298,005 $163,739 $0 STONE, TOM C IND L 17.688 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 KUTTAB, MAURICE C C IND L 2.856 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 BORGMAN, AL C IND L 7.013 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 6 COCHRAN, GREGORY R C REP L 29.116 $11,400 $9,085 $0 $8,996 $0 $0 GORDON, BART I DEM W 66.705 $620,052 $180,763 $355,275 $367,090 $535,072 $0 BROWN, KEN C IND L 4.179 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 7 BLOODWORTH, KENNETH C DEM L 37.987 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 SUNDQUIST, DONALD KE I REP W 62.013 $648,472 $245,605 $351,985 $451,944 $471,904 $0 8 TANNER, JOHN S I DEM W 100.000 $314,094 $155,126 $135,500 $153,941 $228,267 $0 9 DAVIS, AARON C C REP L 30.763 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 RICHMOND, ISAAC C IND L 2.429 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 FORD, HAROLD E I DEM W 58.141 $283,087 $101,428 $169,925 $284,282 -$373 $21,751 DAVIDSON, THOMAS M C IND L 8.667 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 TEXAS 1 HODGES, HAROLD HAMPT C REP L 38.958 $420,961 $180,345 $2,328 $408,677 $2,283 $232,034 CHAPMAN, JIM I DEM W 61.042 $533,989 $226,665 $296,839 $463,377 $126,440 $40,718 2 WILSON, CHARLES I DEM W 55.565 $663,504 $187,965 $439,517 $740,342 $860 $17,634 PETERSON, DONNA KAY C REP L 44.435 $125,013 $87,663 $8,000 $124,884 $128 $28,145 3 BARTLETT, STEVE I REP W 99.601 $798,555 $488,750 $278,549 $837,944 $167,323 $0 $213,621 $0 4 HALL, RALPH M I DEM W 99.638 $261,431 $37,921 $202,850 $209,902 -43- MCCORD, TIMOTHY J C L 0.362 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 5 BRYANT, JOHN W I DEM W 59.583 $936,755 $431,543 $458,721 $1,034,446 $257,837 $0 RUCKER, JERRY D C REP L 37.732 $453,796 $379,107 $45,875 $453,165 $630 $18,615 ASHBY, KEN H C LIB L 2.685 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 6 WORSHAM, MICHAEL C L 0.392 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 WELCH, JOHN EDWIN C DEM L 33.139 $6,285 $740 $0 $6,568 $0 $0 BARTON, JOE LINUS I REP W 66.469 $770,957 $414,484 $253,403 $458,346 $412,069 $35,028 7 ARCHER, WILLIAM R JR I REP W 100.000 $241,863 $129,919 $0 $200,871 $670,901 $0 8 FIELDS, JACK MILTON I REP W 100.000 $385,273 $98,676 $269,275 $420,288 $34,447 $0 9 MEYERS, MAURICE M C REP L 42.261 $462,656 $406,770 $21,900 $447,974 $14,686 $29,346 BROOKS, JACK I DEM W 57.739 $775,167 $231,865 $459,444 $885,090 $330,424 $0 10 BEILHARZ, DAVID C C REP L 31.324 $261,543 $55,234 $0 $261,528 $13 $29,500 SAWYER, STEVE C L 0.004 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 PICKLE, JAMES JARREL I DEM W 64.878 $491,649 $220,094 $247,900 $562,967 $66,442 $0 DAVIS, JEFF C LIB L 3.781 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 11 EDWARDS, THOMAS CHES o DEM W 53.455 $672,399 $271,055 $345,480 $668,936 $3,460 $71,175 SHINE, HUGH DUNHAM O REP L 46.545 $878,663 $480,279 $133,667 $842,226 $36,433 $96,192 4/12 MCGINN, MICHAEL PATR C REP L 28.690 $23,255 $16,755 $0 $22,695 $559 $6,500 GEREN, PRESTON M "PE I DEM W 71.310 $497,798 $223,898 $257,509 $495,937 $18,132 $425,920 13 SARPALIUS, BILL I DEM W 56.479 $685,539 $187,848 $387,684 $667,930 $17,542 $63,971 WATERFIELD, RICHARD C REP L 43.521 $684,141 $520,787 $68,725 $679,117 $3,077 $69,072 14 DIAL, JOSEPH BURT C REP L 45.694 $479,218 $367,785 $41,621 $450,095 $29,121 $30,324 LAUGHLIN, GREGORY HA I DEM W 54.306 $829,150 $383,163 $433,314 $851,294 $1,820 $135,525 FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION FINANCIAL DATA FOR HOUSE GENERAL ELECTION CAMPAIGNS THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1990 DIST CANDIDATE INC PARTY GEN GEN NET INDIV OTHER NET CASH DEBTS CHL PCT RECEIPTS CONTRIB POLITICAL DISBURSE ON OWED OPN CMTE'S HAND TEXAS 15 DE LA GARZA, E (KIKA I DEM W 100.000 $86,524 $27,331 $58,675 $121,145 $137,477 $0 16 BURGETT, WILLIAM C L 4.370 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 COLEMAN, RONALD D I DEM W 95.630 $279,452 $116,297 $162,285 $286,407 $9,538 $0 17 STENHOLM, CHARLES W I DEM W 100.000 $254,175 $133,743 $98,075 $311,378 $89,736 $0 4/18 WASHINGTON, CRAIG A I DEM W 99.556 $144,647 $54,578 $87,250 $157,053 $13,250 $22,519 HATTENBACH, TIMOTHY o DEM L 0.303 $4,800 $235 $0 $4,139 $0 $579 FOBBS, SHIRLEY o DEM L 0.069 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 19 COMBEST, LARRY I REP W 100.000 $197,121 $108,603 $85,976 $111,838 $129,221 $0 20 GONZALEZ, HENRY B I DEM W 100.000 $141,688 $60,664 $80,800 $112,901 $35,482 $30,099 21 ROBERTS, KIRBY JILES C DEM L 25.153 $15,763 $8,346 $43 $15,732 $31 $3,385 SMITH, LAMAR SEELIGS I REP W 74.847 $679,487 $436,306 $130,230 $399,059 $363,182 $0 22 DELAY, THOMAS DALE I REP W 71.237 $324,134 $145,588 $168,475 $297,153 $76,314 $0 DIRECTOR, BRUCE C DEM L 28.763 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 23 BUSTAMANTE, ALBERT G I DEM W 63.491 $370,750 $134,744 $192,725 $236,046 $294,345 $11,732 GONZALES, JEROME LEE C REP L 36.509 $22,559 $11,315 $500 $22,428 $3 $0 24 FROST, MARTIN I DEM W 100.000 $679,688 $224,128 $411,405 $597,310 $316,106 $0 25 ANDREWS, MICHAEL A I DEM W 100.000 $539,864 $105,070 $344,883 $294,340 $811,150 $0 26 CATON, JOHN WAYNE C DEM L 29.597 $15,135 $1,535 $13,600 $14,303 $820 $0 ARMEY, DICK I REP W 70.403 $441,625 $238,623 $162,306 $198,305 $362,311 $0 27 ORTIZ, SOLOMON P I DEM W 100.000 $235,873 $100,719 $100,790 $140,756 $245,251 $0 UTAH 1 BRUNSDALE, KENLEY WA C DEM L 43.797 $133,729 $55,299 $66,850 $133,084 $643 $4,857 WADSWORTH, REVA MARX C AMP L 4.052 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 HANSEN, JAMES V I REP W 52.151 $271,159 $87,722 $180,750 $237,357 $41,944 $0 2 ATWOOD, GENEVIEVE C REP L 39.811 $505,299 $152,562 $85,596 $490,726 $14,573 $30,000 OWENS, DOUGLAS WAYNE I DEM W 57.595 $1,014,489 $461,433 $541,232 $1,088,929 $9,239 $16,337 GARCIA, ELEANOR C SOC L 0.278 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 TOPHAM, LAWRENCE R C IND L 2.316 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 3 DUTROW, ANTHONY M 0 SWP L 0.383 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 SNOW, KARL N JR o REP L 36.449 $291,945 $135,691 $108,090 $290,439 $1,505 $57,165 SMITH, ROBERT J o AMP L 4.822 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 ORTON, WILLIAM H o DEM W 58.347 $86,601 $12,627 $32,000 $88,234 -$1,874 $64,289 VERMONT 0 SMITH, PETER I REP L 39.521 $682,870 $366,780 $299,954 $688,907 $1,539 $19,480 DIAMONDSTONE, PETER C LIB L 0.936 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 SANDERS, BERNARD C W 56.001 $571,556 $434,730 $72,250 $569,772 $3,216 $25,156 SANDOVAL, DOLORES C DEM L 3.009 $13,830 $8,916 $300 $12,850 $977 $3,000 VIRGIN ISLANDS 0 DE LUGO, RON I DEM W 100.000 $16,953 $8,550 $7,650 $18,963 $1,565 $0 VIRGINIA 1 FOX, ANDREW H C DEM L 48.972 $106,176 $53,010 $33,474 $102,092 $4,083 $9,000 BATEMAN, HERBERT H I REP W 50.958 $526,099 $256,763 $218,750 $549,818 $15,817 $35,000 2 PICKETT, OWEN I DEM W 74.953 $240,133 $91,705 $135,500 $82,828 $185,854 $0 BROSKIE, HARRY G C IND L 21.618 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 3 STARKE, JAMES A JR C DEM L 30.683 $57,857 $22,126 $28,925 $57,909 -$112 $15,385 SIMPSON, ROSE L C IND L 3.654 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 BLILEY, THOMAS JEROM I REP W 65.275 $632,395 $223,461 $398,462 $710,739 $30,293 $0 FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION FINANCIAL DATA FOR HOUSE GENERAL ELECTION CAMPAIGNS THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1990 DIST CANDIDATE INC PARTY GEN GEN NET INDIV OTHER NET CASH DEBTS CHL PCT RECEIPTS CONTRIB POLITICAL DISBURSE ON OWED CMTE'S HAND OPN VIRGINIA W 78.310 $240,553 $28,520 $158,200 $275,502 $281,644 $349,183 4 SISISKY, NORMAN I DEM MCREYNOLDS, DON LERO C IND L 13.551 $19,854 $6,452 $0 $19,883 $77 $15,471 CHANDLER, LORETTA F C L 7.828 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 DEM W 99.442 $317,828 $124,608 $187,650 $317,271 $9,594 $105,550 5 PAYNE, LEWIS F JR HO I 6 BERG, GERALD E "LASE C IND L 16.149 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 OLIN, JAMES RANDOLPH I DEM W 82.729 $254,058 $90,731 $153,700 $199,904 $63,273 $22,000 W 58.091 $649,588 $325,038 $152,865 $826,942 $2,857 $75,000 7 SLAUGHTER, D FRENCH I REP SMITH, DAVID M C DEM L 41.732 $390,379 $322,876 $49,250 $388,415 $1,763 $0 8 PARRIS, STANFORD E I REP L 44.627 $864,864 $487,104 $313,852 $982,157 $40,972 $0 51.703 $883,236 $588,784 $257,821 $883,216 $20 $82,687 MORAN, JAMES P JR C DEM W MURPHY, ROBERT T C IND L 3.482 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 9 BOUCHER, FREDERICK C I DEM W 97.089 $524,268 $120,107 $366,584 $252,685 $401,838 $0 33.960 $97,467 $46,890 $7,150 $93,659 $3,806 $29,215 10 CANTER, NOLAND MACKE C DEM L WOLF, FRANK R I REP W 61.551 $514,240 $302,800 $192,395 $511,853 $59,412 $0 LAROUCHE, LYNDON H J C DEM L 1.360 $648,572 $645,024 $0 $647,836 $1,736 $99,582 3.128 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 MINNICH, BARBARA S C IND L WASHINGTON 1 SULLIVAN, CYNTHIA M C DEM L 47.953 $376,382 $204,687 $127,537 $351,660 $19,499 $20,740 MILLER, JOHN R I REP W 52.047 $913,407 $498,569 $265,457 $912,969 $11,196 $54,000 $11,408 $5,805 $0 $11,373 $35 $0 2 SMITH, DOUGLAS J C REP L 41.198 MCCORD, WILLIAM L C LIB L 8.257 $0 $ 0 $0 $0 $0 $0 SWIFT, ALLAN BYRON I DEM W 50.545 $503,123 $126,383 $272,542 $465,249 $168,462 $0 $829,603 $493,562 $204,768 $817,944 $11,658 $20,816 3 WILLIAMS, G ROBERT C REP L 46.241 UNSOELD, JOLENE I DEM W 53.759 $1,297,700 $564,385 $624,498 $1,298,593 $5,610 $3,987 4 HOUGEN, OLE C DEM L 29.340 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 -45- $42,200 $49,935 $218,433 $0 MORRISON, SIDNEY WAL I REP W 70.660 $111,371 $44,615 5 FOLEY, THOMAS S I DEM W 68.811 $467,084 $69,165 $326,337 $457,754 $596,708 $0 DERBY, MARLYN A C REP L 31.189 $7,154 $2,495 $375 $5,006 $468 $0 $240,055 $565,257 $107,649 $0 6 DICKS, NORMAN DEVALO I DEM W 61.366 $392,043 $118,284 MUELLER, NORBERT C REP L 38.634 $8,048 $200 $0 $7,598 $450 $5,947 7 MCDERMOTT, JAMES A I DEM W 72.311 $230,973 $31,929 $196,253 $204,296 $45,399 $0 $0 $0 $0 SCHERR, ROBBIE C SWP L 3.637 $0 $0 $0 PENBERTHY, LARRY C REP L 24.052 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 8 CHANDLER, ROD I REP W 56.213 $472,433 $146,789 $300,815 $451,296 $127,364 $0 $33,817 $50 $5,491 GILES, DAVID EDWARD C DEM L 43.787 $33,866 $15,837 $300 WEST VIRGINIA 1 TUCK, HOWARD K C REP L 32.862 $34,020 $1,950 $0 $34,077 $53 $45,865 MOLLOHAN, ALAN B I DEM W 67.138 $197,997 $53,301 $131,498 $206,688 $136,457 $0 $42,297 2 STAGGERS, HARLEY ORR I DEM W 55.473 $419,859 $84,059 $302,800 $500,133 $1,646 LUCK, OLIVER FRANCIS C REP L 44.527 $357,109 $193,852 $57,476 $356,282 $828 $21,871 3 WISE, ROBERT E JR I DEM W 100.000 $182,913 $43,524 $126,118 $53,137 $179,230 $0 4 RAHALL, NICK J II I DEM W 51.952 $536,855 $179,076 $287,250 $566,348 $353,763 $0 BREWSTER, MARIANNE R C REP L 48.048 $66,671 $55,475 $750 $61,471 $5,198 $10,000 WISCONSIN I DEM W 99.389 $892,153 $538,117 $322,900 $795,806 $162,669 $0 1 ASPIN, LES 2 KLUG, SCOTT C REP W 53.227 $183,789 $131,786 $32,800 $178,129 $5,660 $6,430 KASTENMEIER, ROBERT I DEM L 46.758 $358,609 $159,619 $184,314 $371,928 $18,188 $0 FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION FINANCIAL DATA FOR HOUSE GENERAL ELECTION CAMPAIGNS THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1990 DIST CANDIDATE INC PARTY GEN GEN NET INDIV OTHER NET CASH DEBTS CHL PCT RECEIPTS CONTRIB POLITICAL DISBURSE ON OWED CMTE'S HAND OPN WISCONSIN 3 ZIEGEWEID, JAMES L C DEM L 38.990 $57,161 $15,528 $31,860 $57,576 $166 $16,154 GUNDERSON, STEVEN CR I REP W 60.999 $388,310 $182,544 $196,595 $341,458 $98,169 $0 $86,327 $0 4 KLECZKA, GERALD DANI I DEM W 69.163 $304,440 $85,766 $186,048 $393,562 COOK, JOSEPH L C REP L 30.667 $31,850 $5,341 $2,800 $27,986 $229 $0 5 HAMMERSMITH, DONALDA C REP L 27.385 $22,508 $20,533 $0 $21,348 $770 $884 STAMPLEY, NATHANIEL C IND L 4.369 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 67.953 $735,212 $251,615 $450,704 $515,159 $237,639 $0 MOODY, JIM I DEM W 6 PETRI, THOMAS E I REP W 99.534 $240,501 $89,459 $98,455 $131,156 $397,666 $0 7 OBEY, DAVID ROSS I DEM W 62.143 $620,219 $256,893 $311,550 $467,346 $334,565 $0 MCEWEN, JOHN LEROY C REP L 37.857 $10,886 $6,397 $0 $10,683 $202 $0 8 VAN SISTINE, JEROME C DEM L 46.454 $284,761 $68,131 $214,895 $274,112 $467 $0 ROTH, TOBY I REP W 53.546 $390,432 $146,800 $203,083 $499,968 $93,841 $9,773 9 SENSENBRENNER, FRANK I REP W 99.701 $266,285 $135,357 $98,635 $98,609 $312,478 $0 WYOMING 4/0 THOMAS, CRAIG LYLE I REP W 55.093 $404,308 $184,671 $174,995 $437,772 $4,531 $20,000 MAXFIELD, PETER CHAR C DEM L 44.907 $239,474 $99,766 $33,950 $239,116 $358 $102,613 -46- 1989-90 TOP 50 HOUSE - RECEIPTS RANK CANDIDATE STATE DIST PARTY INC NET CHL RECEIPTS OPN 1 CHANDLER, MARGUERITE 10/ NJ 12 DEM o $1,716,554 2 GEPHARDT, RICHARD A MO 3 DEM I $1,647,415 3 DORNAN, ROBERT KENNETH CA 38 REP I $1,615,282 4 GINGRICH, NEWT GA 6 REP I $1,538,827 5 LEVINE, MEL CA 27 DEM I $1,496,790 6 UNSOELD, JOLENE WA 3 DEM I $1,297,700 7 CAMPBELL, THOMAS J CA 12 REP I $1,286,200 8 ZIMMER, RICHARD A NJ 12 REP O $1,227,742 9 LOWEY, NITA M NY 20 DEM I $1,223,045 10 SOLARZ, STEPHEN J NY 13 DEM I $1,218,914 11 MATSUI, ROBERT T CA 3 DEM I $1,207,843 12 BONIOR, DAVID EDWARD MI 12 DEM I $1,189,127 13 CONDIT, GARY CA 15 DEM o $1,158,192 14 ROS-LEHTINEN, ILEANA FL 18 REP 0 $1,081,884 15 HUGHES, REID FL 4 DEM C $1,073,878 16 OWENS, DOUGLAS WAYNE UT 2 DEM I $1,014,489 17 DELAURO, ROSA L CT 3 DEM o $973,625 18 GEREN, PRESTON M "PETE" TX 12 DEM 0 $936,886 19 BRYANT, JOHN W TX 5 DEM I $936,755 20 RAMSTAD, JAMES M MN 3 REP o $936,208 21 HOAGLAND, PETER NE 2 DEM I $935,652 22 BOXER, BARBARA CA 6 DEM I $921,666 23 MILLER, JOHN R WA 1 REP I $913,407 24 REED, JOHN F RI 2 DEM o $902,877 25 CARRINGTON, JOHN H NC 4 REP C $893,349 26 ASPIN, LES WI 1 DEM I $892,153 27 RICHMAN, GERALD F FL 18 DEM o $889,080 28 MORAN, JAMES P JR VA 8 DEM C $883,236 29 MOFFETT, ANTHONY TOBY CT 5 DEM O $880,726 30 MURTHA, JOHN P PA 12 DEM I $878,887 31 SHINE, HUGH DUNHAM TX 11 REP O $878,663 32 BACCHUS, JAMES L FL 11 DEM o $877,500 33 PARRIS, STANFORD E VA 8 REP I $864,864 34 MACHTLEY, RONALD KEITH RI 1 REP I $857,775 35 KOPETSKI, MICHAEL JOSEPH OR 5 DEM C $851,729 36 DERRICK, BUTLER C SC 3 DEM I $848,063 37 FAZIO, VIC CA 4 DEM I $845,622 38 ATKINS, CHESTER G MA 5 DEM I $843,893 39 DINGELL, JOHN D MI 16 DEM I $843,579 40 SMITH, DENNIS A OR 5 REP I $841,077 41 ANDERSON, THOMAS H JR MS 5 REP o $834,168 42 WILLIAMS, G ROBERT WA 3 REP C $829,603 43 LAUGHLIN, GREGORY HAINES TX 14 DEM I $829,150 44 SCHUMER, CHARLES E NY 10 DEM I $819,952 45 TORRICELLI, ROBERT G NJ 9 DEM I $818,917 46 BROWN, GEORGE E JR CA 36 DEM I $818,181 47 FRELINGHUYSEN, RODNEY P NJ 12 REP o $817,892 48 ZELIFF, WILLIAM H JR NH 1 REP o $807,514 49 KENNEDY, JOSEPH P II MA 8 DEM I $805,013 50 GRANT, BILL FL 2 REP I $801,238 -47- 1989-90 TOP 50 HOUSE - CONTRIBUTIONS FROM INDIVIDUALS RANK CANDIDATE STATE DIST PARTY INC INDIV CHL CONTRIB OPN 1 DORNAN, ROBERT KENNETH CA 38 REP I $1,579,418 2 GINGRICH, NEWT GA 6 REP I $1,088,529 3 LEVINE, MEL CA 27 DEM I $1,053,825 4 CAMPBELL, THOMAS J CA 12 REP I $992,893 5 SOLARZ, STEPHEN J NY 13 DEM I $918,600 6 ZIMMER, RICHARD A NJ 12 REP o $901,105 7 ATKINS, CHESTER G MA 5 DEM I $829,577 8 GEPHARDT, RICHARD A MO 3 DEM I $815,339 9 LOWEY, NITA M NY 20 DEM I $744,542 10 ROS-LEHTINEN, ILEANA FL 18 REP O $720,522 11 RAMSTAD, JAMES M MN 3 REP O $677,539 12 LAROUCHE, LYNDON H JR VA 10 DEM C $645,024 13 KENNEDY, JOSEPH P II MA 8 DEM I $628,895 14 SYNAR, MICHAEL LYNN OK 2 DEM I $608,140 15 LANTOS, THOMAS P CA 11 DEM I $597,361 16 MORAN, JAMES P JR VA 8 DEM C $588,784 17 UNSOELD, JOLENE WA 3 DEM I $564,385 18 DELAURO, ROSA L CT 3 DEM o $550,104 19 GEREN, PRESTON M "PETE" TX 12 DEM o $548,751 20 DELLUMS, RONALD V CA 8 DEM I $547,479 21 BOXER, BARBARA CA 6 DEM I $542,898 22 ASPIN, LES WI 1 DEM I $538,117 23 BENTLEY, HELEN DELICH MD 2 REP I $535,706 24 WATERFIELD, RICHARD ALLEN TX 13 REP C $520,787 25 COX, C CHRISTOPHER CA 40 REP I $504,199 26 MACHTLEY, RONALD KEITH RI 1 REP I $500,299 27 MILLER, JOHN R WA 1 REP I $498,569 28 GREEN, BILL NY 15 REP I $495,891 29 WILLIAMS, G ROBERT WA 3 REP C $493,562 30 BARTLETT, STEVE TX 3 REP I $488,750 31 YATES, SIDNEY R IL 9 DEM I $487,335 32 PARRIS, STANFORD E VA 8 REP I $487,104 33 MATSUI, ROBERT T CA 3 DEM I $486,852 34 SHINE, HUGH DUNHAM TX 11 REP o $480,279 35 SCHUMER, CHARLES E NY 10 DEM I $474,570 36 HILER, JOHN PATRICK IN 3 REP I $473,494 37 PENCE, MICHAEL R IN 2 REP C $469,273 38 LAGOMARSINO, ROBERT J CA 19 REP I $465,444 39 CONDIT, GARY CA 15 DEM o $462,467 40 OWENS, DOUGLAS WAYNE UT 2 DEM I $461,433 41 TORRICELLI, ROBERT G NJ 9 DEM I $458,501 42 HAWKS, RICK IN 4 REP C $457,001 43 DANNEMEYER, WILLIAM E CA 39 REP I $456,693 44 FRELINGHUYSEN, RODNEY P NJ 12 REP o $444,813 45 MOFFETT, ANTHONY TOBY CT 5 DEM O $443,524 46 ANDERSON, THOMAS H. JR MS 5 REP o $441,996 47 GRANT, BILL FL 2 REP I $441,711 48 KOSTMAYER, PETER H PA 8 DEM I $440,914 49 LANIER, BOB DR TX 12 REP o $440,111 50 KOPETSKI, MICHAEL JOSEPH OR 5 DEM C $438,931 -48- 1989-90 TOP 50 HOUSE - CONTRIBUTIONS FROM PAC'S AND OTHER COMMITTEES RANK CANDIDATE STATE DIST PARTY INC OTHER CHL CMTE'S OPN 1 GEPHARDT, RICHARD A MO 3 DEM I $762,687 2 BONIOR, DAVID EDWARD MI 12 DEM I $728,055 3 DINGELL, JOHN D MI 16 DEM I $625,727 4 UNSOELD, JOLENE WA 3 DEM I $624,498 5 HOAGLAND, PETER NE 2 DEM I $615,587 6 MATSUI, ROBERT T CA 3 DEM I $582,964 7 DERRICK, BUTLER C SC 3 DEM I $542,789 8 OWENS, DOUGLAS WAYNE UT 2 DEM I $541,232 9 MICHEL, ROBERT H IL 18 REP I $519,161 10 GRAY, WILLIAM H III PA 2 DEM I $516,953 11 SHARP, PHILIP R IN 2 DEM I $498,599 12 DYSON, ROY MD 1 DEM I $497,700 13 MURTHA, JOHN P PA 12 DEM I $496,920 14 ANNUNZIO, FRANK IL 11 DEM I $478,891 15 BROOKS, JACK TX 9 DEM I $459,444 16 BRYANT, JOHN W TX 5 DEM I $458,721 17 BROWN, GEORGE E JR CA 36 DEM I $454,935 18 MANTON, THOMAS J NY 9 DEM I $452,323 19 FAZIO, VIC CA 4 DEM I $451,245 20 MOODY, JIM WI 5 DEM I $450,704 21 DORGAN, BYRON L ND 0 DEM I $449,050 22 LOWEY, NITA M NY 20 DEM I $448,797 23 LONG, JILL LYNETTE IN 4 DEM I $448,381 24 HEFNER, W G (BILL) NC 8 DEM I $445,293 25 WILSON, CHARLES TX 2 DEM I $439,517 26 GINGRICH, NEWT GA 6 REP I $433,421 27 LAUGHLIN, GREGORY HAINES TX 14 DEM I $433,314 28 WALGREN, DOUG PA 18 DEM I $423,415 29 MCMILLEN, C THOMAS MD 4 DEM I $423,275 30 HOYER, STENY HAMILTON MD 5 DEM I $417,235 31 JONES, BEN LEWIS GA 4 DEM I $416,333 32 WOLPE, HOWARD E MI 3 DEM I $414,976 33 BACCHUS, JAMES L FL 11 DEM O $412,573 34 FROST, MARTIN TX 24 DEM I $411,405 35 MOFFETT, ANTHONY TOBY CT 5 DEM O $411,188 36 LENT, NORMAN FREDERICK NY 4 REP I $406,820 37 ALEXANDER, WILLIAM VOLLIE AR 1 DEM I $405,150 38 JONTZ, JAMES IN 5 DEM I $405,145 39 DELAURO, ROSA L CT 3 DEM O $401,805 40 KOPETSKI, MICHAEL JOSEPH OR 5 DEM C $399,283 41 NEAL, STEPHEN L NC 5 DEM I $398,879 42 BLILEY, THOMAS JEROME JR VA 3 REP I $398,462 43 HOCHBRUECKNER, GEORGE J NY 1 DEM I $398,062 44 CONDIT, GARY CA 15 DEM O $396,882 45 PALLONE, FRANK J JR NJ 3 DEM I $394,464 46 TABOR, ERIC J IA 2 DEM O $389,847 47 SARPALIUS, BILL TX 13 DEM I $387,684 48 SMITH, DENNIS A OR 5 REP I $386,986 49 PRICE, DAVID E NC 4 DEM I $385,210 50 RUSSO, MARTIN A IL 3 DEM I $382,966 -49- 1989-90 TOP 50 HOUSE DISBURSEMENTS RANK CANDIDATE STATE DIST PARTY INC NET CHL DISBURSE OPN 1 CHANDLER, MARGUERITE 10/ NJ 12 DEM o $1,707,539 2 GINGRICH, NEWT GA 6 REP I $1,538,945 3 GEPHARDT, RICHARD A MO 3 DEM I $1,455,794 4 DORNAN, ROBERT KENNETH CA 38 REP I $1,445,577 5 UNSOELD, JOLENE WA 3 DEM I $1,298,593 6 ZIMMER, RICHARD A NJ 12 REP 0 $1,224,626 7 BONIOR, DAVID EDWARD MI 12 DEM I $1,188,905 8 CONDIT, GARY CA 15 DEM O $1,155,459 9 MURTHA, JOHN P PA 12 DEM I $1,097,107 10 OWENS, DOUGLAS WAYNE UT 2 DEM I $1,088,929 11 ROS-LEHTINEN, ILEANA FL 18 REP 0 $1,081,883 12 HUGHES, REID FL 4 DEM C $1,067,366 13 BRYANT, JOHN W TX 5 DEM I $1,034,446 14 FAZIO, VIC CA 4 DEM I $1,029,304 15 PARRIS, STANFORD E VA 8 REP I $982,157 16 DELAURO, ROSA L CT 3 DEM o $957,982 17 BARNARD, DRUIE DOUGLAS JR GA 10 DEM I $937,464 18 RAMSTAD, JAMES M MN 3 REP O $935,454 19 HOAGLAND, PETER NE 2 DEM I $929,247 20 GEREN, PRESTON M "PETE" TX 12 DEM O $921,183 21 MILLER, JOHN R WA 1 REP I $912,969 22 LOWEY, NITA M NY 20 DEM I $911,766 23 DERRICK, BUTLER C SC 3 DEM I $907,904 24 REED, JOHN F RI 2 DEM o $897,224 25 CARRINGTON, JOHN H NC 4 REP C $890,838 26 RICHMAN, GERALD F FL 18 DEM O $886,393 27 BROOKS, JACK TX 9 DEM I $885,090 28 SMITH, DENNIS A OR 5 REP I $884,828 29 MORAN, JAMES P JR VA 8 DEM C $883,216 30 MACHTLEY, RONALD KEITH RI 1 REP I $879,464 31 MOFFETT, ANTHONY TOBY CT 5 DEM O $877,116 32 BACCHUS, JAMES L FL 11 DEM o $875,386 33 ATKINS, CHESTER G MA 5 DEM I $861,333 34 ANNUNZIO, FRANK IL 11 DEM I $855,952 35 LAUGHLIN, GREGORY HAINES TX 14 DEM I $851,294 36 KOPETSKI, MICHAEL JOSEPH OR 5 DEM C $843,297 37 SHINE, HUGH DUNHAM TX 11 REP o $842,226 38 DELLUMS, RONALD V CA 8 DEM I $840,029 39 GRANT, BILL FL 2 REP I $839,764 40 YATES, SIDNEY R IL 9 DEM I $839,106 41 BARTLETT, STEVE TX 3 REP I $837,944 42 KENNEDY, JOSEPH P II MA 8 DEM I $832,815 43 ANDERSON, THOMAS H JR MS 5 REP 0 $830,550 44 SLAUGHTER, D FRENCH JR VA 7 REP I $826,942 45 KOSTMAYER, PETER H PA 8 DEM I $826,742 46 GIBBONS, SAM M FL 7 DEM I $825,795 47 BROWN, GEORGE E JR CA 36 DEM I $822,686 48 WILLIAMS, G ROBERT WA 3 REP C $817,944 49 BILIRAKIS, MICHAEL FL 9 REP I $815,366 50 WOLPE, HOWARD E MI 3 DEM I $815,244 -50- 1989-90 TOP 50 HOUSE - CASH-ON-HAND RANK CANDIDATE STATE DIST PARTY INC CASH CHL ON OPN HAND 1 SOLARZ, STEPHEN J NY 13 DEM I $1,859,603 2 LEVINE, MEL CA 27 DEM I $1,714,807 3 DREIER, DAVID T CA 33 REP I $1,669,915 4 SCHUMER, CHARLES E NY 10 DEM I $1,580,475 5 MATSUI, ROBERT T CA 3 DEM I $1,128,637 6 ROSTENKOWSKI, DAN IL 8 DEM I $1,114,068 7 QUILLEN, JAMES HENRY TN 1 REP I $1,044,255 8 RINALDO, MATTHEW J NJ 7 REP I $967,326 9 TORRICELLI, ROBERT G NJ 9 DEM I $846,461 10 ANDREWS, MICHAEL A TX 25 DEM I $811,150 11 BROOMFIELD, WILLIAM S MI 18 REP I $754,678 12 HOPKINS, LARRY J U S REP KY 6 REP I $691,433 13 LENT, NORMAN FREDERICK NY 4 REP I $687,015 14 ARCHER, WILLIAM R JR TX 7 REP I $670,901 15 DONNELLY, BRIAN MA 11 DEM I $669,414 16 MOORHEAD, CARLOS JOHN CA 22 REP I $666,684 17 LAFALCE, JOHN J NY 32 DEM I $645,138 18 LANTOS, THOMAS P CA 11 DEM I $637,734 19 CAMPBELL, THOMAS J CA 12 REP I $633,197 20 FOLEY, THOMAS S WA 5 DEM I $596,708 21 MARKEY, EDWARD JOHN MA 7 DEM I $579,994 22 ROE, ROBERT NJ 8 DEM I $577,940 23 BRUCE, TERRY L IL 19 DEM I $574,423 24 BEVILL, TOM AL 4 DEM I $566,499 25 MADIGAN, EDWARD R IL 15 REP I $542,570 26 ROSE, CHARLES GRANDISON I NC 7 DEM I $540,833 27 FASCELL, DANTE B FL 19 DEM I $539,060 28 GORDON, BART TN 6 DEM I $535,072 29 HAMMERSCHMIDT, JOHN PAUL AR 3 REP I $500,684 30 BOXER, BARBARA CA 6 DEM I $499,349 31 DINGELL, JOHN D MI 16 DEM I $490,871 32 MOAKLEY, JOHN JOSEPH MA 9 DEM I $489,816 33 DOWNEY, THOMAS J NY 2 DEM I $486,556 34 MANTON, THOMAS J NY 9 DEM I $478,772 35 SUNDQUIST, DONALD KENNETH TN 7 REP I $471,904 36 WAXMAN, HENRY A CA 24 DEM I $468,893 37 WYDEN, RON OR 3 DEM I $451,751 38 JENKINS, EDGAR L GA 9 DEM I $448,273 39 GRADISON, WILLIS D JR OH 2 REP I $442,751 40 MILLER, GEORGE CA 7 DEM I $438,229 41 WHITTEN, JAMIE LLOYD MS 1 DEM I $435,724 42 SMITH, LAWRENCE JACK FL 16 DEM I $413,843 43 BARTON, JOE LINUS TX 6 REP I $412,069 44 BOUCHER, FREDERICK CARLYL VA 9 DEM I $401,838 45 BURTON, DAN IN 6 REP I $400,894 46 ROBERTS, CHARLES PATRICK KS 1 REP I $400,824 47 PETRI, THOMAS E WI 6 REP I $397,666 48 OBERSTAR, JAMES LOUIS MN 8 DEM I $393,551 49 SMITH, NEAL IA 4 DEM I $376,309 50 FOGLIETTA, THOMAS M PA 1 DEM I $366,322 -51- 1989-90 TOP 50 HOUSE DEBTS OWED RANK CANDIDATE STATE DIST PARTY INC DEBTS CHL OWED OPN 1 CHANDLER, MARGUERITE 10/ NJ 12 DEM 0 $1,024,027 2 MUELLER, MARGARET REID OH 11 REP C $967,542 3 HUGHES, REID FL 4 DEM C $748,253 4 JOHNSON, JOHN ARTHUR IN 5 REP C $626,077 5 KORMAN, SANG R CA 21 REP C $559,139 6 GIFFORD, CHARLES HERBERT RI 2 DEM o $438,961 7 TAYLOR, CHARLES HART NC 11 REP C $434,467 8 GEREN, PRESTON M "PETE" TX 12 DEM I $425,920 9 LOWEY, NITA M NY 20 DEM I $405,067 10 ZELIFF, WILLIAM H JR NH 1 REP O $375,800 11 SISISKY, NORMAN VA 4 DEM I $349,183 12 NICHOLS, RICHARD D KS 5 REP O $315,550 13 SCHEUER, JAMES W NY 8 DEM I $307,250 14 GEORGIOU, BYRON STEPHEN CA 44 DEM C $295,930 15 WAITE, RALPH H CA 37 DEM C $284,929 16 RICHMAN, GERALD F FL 18 DEM O $277,448 17 DUNN, JIM MI 10 REP 0 $250,963 18 MORIAL, MARC H LA 2 DEM O $244,033 19 EISENDRATH, EDWIN W III IL 9 DEM C $237,977 20 GREEN, BILL NY 15 REP I $237,000 21 FRAZER, MARK R MD 1 REP C $236,171 22 HODGES, HAROLD HAMPTON TX 1 REP C $232,034 23 REED, JOHN F RI 2 DEM o $219,277 24 MENOR, RON HI 2 DEM O $209,205 25 ZIMMER, RICHARD A NJ 12 REP o $208,274 26 GIBSON, MICHAEL LEE AR 1 DEM C $203,500 27 HAMMOCK, ROBERT L CA 36 REP C $192,320 28 MINK, PATSY TAKEMOTO HI 2 DEM O $191,255 29 BOEHNER, JOHN ANDREW OH 8 REP C $191,055 30 LOCKWOOD, FRED NE 3 REP O $185,100 31 FRELINGHUYSEN, RODNEY P NJ 12 REP O $181,158 32 PEREZ, CARLOS FL 18 REP o $178,272 33 MATSUNAGA, MATTHEW M HI 1 DEM O $173,344 34 JEFFERSON, WILLIAM J LA 2 DEM 0 $159,655 35 HOFFMAN, MANNY IL 4 REP C $157,420 36 JAMES, CRAIG TAYLOR FL 4 REP I $155,000 37 HOAGLAND, PETER NE 2 DEM I $150,540 38 SCHAFER, EDWARD T ND 0 REP C $150,000 39 WHARTON, BONNIE FL 11 REP o $148,951 40 RIGGS, FRANK DUNCAN CA 1 REP C $148,055 41 HANNEMANN, MULIUFI FRANCI HI 2 DEM o $140,719 42 LAUGHLIN, GREGORY HAINES TX 14 DEM I $135,525 43 GIGANTE, ROBERT J NY 14 DEM O $135,000 44 GINGRICH, NEWT GA 6 REP I $133,575 45 RAMSTAD, JAMES M MN 3 REP o $122,580 46 HAYES, JAMES A LA 7 DEM I $122,000 47 BRYAN, JON LANCE MA 10 REP C $118,000 48 CAMP, DAVID LEE MI 10 REP o $117,153 49 ALEXANDER, WILLIAM VOLLIE AR 1 DEM I $112,834 50 MCCONKEY, PHILLIP J NJ 12 REP o $111,200 -52- 1989-90 TOP 50 HOUSE INCUMBENTS - RECEIPTS RANK CANDIDATE STATE DIST PARTY INC NET CHL RECEIPTS OPN 1 GEPHARDT, RICHARD A MO 3 DEM I $1,647,415 2 DORNAN, ROBERT KENNETH CA 38 REP I $1,615,282 3 GINGRICH, NEWT GA 6 REP I $1,538,827 4 LEVINE, MEL CA 27 DEM I $1,496,790 5 UNSOELD, JOLENE WA 3 DEM I $1,297,700 6 CAMPBELL, THOMAS J CA 12 REP I $1,286,200 7 LOWEY, NITA M NY 20 DEM I $1,223,045 8 SOLARZ, STEPHEN J NY 13 DEM I $1,218,914 9 MATSUI, ROBERT T CA 3 DEM I $1,207,843 10 BONIOR, DAVID EDWARD MI 12 DEM I $1,189,127 11 OWENS, DOUGLAS WAYNE UT 2 DEM I $1,014,489 12 BRYANT, JOHN W TX 5 DEM I $936,755 13 HOAGLAND, PETER NE 2 DEM I $935,652 14 BOXER, BARBARA CA 6 DEM I $921,666 15 MILLER, JOHN R WA 1 REP I $913,407 16 ASPIN, LES WI 1 DEM I $892,153 17 MURTHA, JOHN P PA 12 DEM I $878,887 18 PARRIS, STANFORD E VA 8 REP I $864,864 19 MACHTLEY, RONALD KEITH RI 1 REP I $857,775 20 DERRICK, BUTLER C SC 3 DEM I $848,063 21 FAZIO, VIC CA 4 DEM I $845,622 22 ATKINS, CHESTER G MA 5 DEM I $843,893 23 DINGELL, JOHN D MI 16 DEM I $843,579 24 SMITH, DENNIS A OR 5 REP I $841,077 25 LAUGHLIN, GREGORY HAINES TX 14 DEM I $829,150 26 SCHUMER, CHARLES E NY 10 DEM I $819,952 27 TORRICELLI, ROBERT G NJ 9 DEM I $818,917 28 BROWN, GEORGE E JR CA 36 DEM I $818,181 29 KENNEDY, JOSEPH P II MA 8 DEM I $805,013 30 GRANT, BILL FL 2 REP I $801,238 31 BARTLETT, STEVE TX 3 REP I $798,555 32 WOLPE, HOWARD E MI 3 DEM I $791,685 33 DELLUMS, RONALD V CA 8 DEM I $790,386 34 LANTOS, THOMAS P CA 11 DEM I $788,298 35 BENTLEY, HELEN DELICH MD 2 REP I $781,008 36 YATES, SIDNEY R IL 9 DEM I $779,125 37 BARNARD, DRUIE DOUGLAS JR GA 10 DEM I $778,139 38 HILER, JOHN PATRICK IN 3 REP I $776,009 39 BROOKS, JACK TX 9 DEM I $775,167 40 BATES, JIM CA 44 DEM I $773,364 41 ALEXANDER, WILLIAM VOLLIE AR 1 DEM I $773,016 42 PRICE, DAVID E NC 4 DEM I $771,624 43 BARTON, JOE LINUS TX 6 REP I $770,957 44 KOSTMAYER, PETER H PA 8 DEM I $759,657 45 DYSON, ROY MD 1 DEM I $759,213 46 MCMILLEN, C THOMAS MD 4 DEM I $757,145 47 LONG, JILL LYNETTE IN 4 DEM I $753,725 48 MOODY, JIM WI 5 DEM I $735,212 49 GRAY, WILLIAM H III PA 2 DEM I $725,717 50 HOYER, STENY HAMILTON MD 5 DEM I $725,418 -53- 1989-90 TOP 50 HOUSE INCUMBENTS - CONTRIBUTIONS FROM INDIVIDUALS RANK CANDIDATE STATE DIST PARTY INC INDIV CHL CONTRIB OPN 1 DORNAN, ROBERT KENNETH CA 38 REP I $1,579,418 2 GINGRICH, NEWT GA 6 REP I $1,088,529 3 LEVINE, MEL CA 27 DEM I $1,053,825 4 CAMPBELL, THOMAS J CA 12 REP I $992,893 5 SOLARZ, STEPHEN J NY 13 DEM I $918,600 6 ATKINS, CHESTER G MA 5 DEM I $829,577 7 GEPHARDT, RICHARD A MO 3 DEM I $815,339 8 LOWEY, NITA M NY 20 DEM I $744,542 9 KENNEDY, JOSEPH P II MA 8 DEM I $628,895 10 SYNAR, MICHAEL LYNN OK 2 DEM I $608,140 11 LANTOS, THOMAS P CA 11 DEM I $597,361 12 UNSOELD, JOLENE WA 3 DEM I $564,385 13 DELLUMS, RONALD V CA 8 DEM I $547,479 14 BOXER, BARBARA CA 6 DEM I $542,898 15 ASPIN, LES WI 1 DEM I $538,117 16 BENTLEY, HELEN DELICH MD 2 REP I $535,706 17 COX, C CHRISTOPHER CA 40 REP I $504,199 18 MACHTLEY, RONALD KEITH RI 1 REP I $500,299 19 MILLER, JOHN R WA 1 REP I $498,569 20 GREEN, BILL NY 15 REP I $495,891 21 BARTLETT, STEVE TX 3 REP I $488,750 22 YATES, SIDNEY R IL 9 DEM I $487,335 23 PARRIS, STANFORD E VA 8 REP I $487,104 24 MATSUI, ROBERT T CA 3 DEM I $486,852 25 SCHUMER, CHARLES E NY 10 DEM I $474,570 26 HILER, JOHN PATRICK IN 3 REP I $473,494 27 LAGOMARSINO, ROBERT J CA 19 REP I $465,444 28 OWENS, DOUGLAS WAYNE UT 2 DEM I $461,433 29 TORRICELLI, ROBERT G NJ 9 DEM I $458,501 30 DANNEMEYER, WILLIAM E CA 39 REP I $456,693 31 GRANT, BILL FL 2 REP I $441,711 32 KOSTMAYER, PETER H PA 8 DEM I $440,914 33 SMITH, LAMAR SEELIGSON TX 21 REP I $436,306 34 GALLO, DEAN A NJ 11 REP I $431,833 35 BRYANT, JOHN W TX 5 DEM I $431,543 36 PAXON, BILL NY 31 REP I $430,988 37 SMITH, DENNIS A OR 5 REP I $421,873 38 BARTON, JOE LINUS TX 6 REP I $414,484 39 GALLEGLY, ELTON CA 21 REP I $411,430 40 FRANK, BARNEY MA 4 DEM I $402,029 41 ROS-LEHTINEN, ILEANA FL 18 REP I $385,784 42 LAUGHLIN, GREGORY HAINES TX 14 DEM I $383,163 43 HERGER, WALTER WILLIAM (W CA 2 REP I $382,079 44 COSTELLO, JERRY F IL 21 DEM I $376,857 45 SHAYS, CHRISTOPHER CT 4 REP I $374,360 46 KYL, JON L AZ 4 REP I $373,560 47 SMITH, PETER VT 0 REP I $366,780 48 BUECHNER, JOHN W JACK MO 2 REP I $363,716 49 BATES, JIM CA 44 DEM I $356,237 50 PRICE, DAVID E NC 4 DEM I $343,986 -54- 1989-90 TOP 50 HOUSE INCUMBENTS - CONTRIBUTIONS FROM PAC'S AND OTHER COMMITTEES RANK CANDIDATE STATE DIST PARTY INC OTHER CHL CMTE'S OPN 1 GEPHARDT, RICHARD A MO 3 DEM I $762,687 2 BONIOR, DAVID EDWARD MI 12 DEM I $728,055 3 DINGELL, JOHN D MI 16 DEM I $625,727 4 UNSOELD, JOLENE WA 3 DEM I $624,498 5 HOAGLAND, PETER NE 2 DEM I $615,587 6 MATSUI, ROBERT T CA 3 DEM I $582,964 7 DERRICK, BUTLER C SC 3 DEM I $542,789 8 OWENS, DOUGLAS WAYNE UT 2 DEM I $541,232 9 MICHEL, ROBERT H IL 18 REP I $519,161 10 GRAY, WILLIAM H III PA 2 DEM I $516,953 11 SHARP, PHILIP R IN 2 DEM I $498,599 12 DYSON, ROY MD 1 DEM I $497,700 13 MURTHA, JOHN P PA 12 DEM I $496,920 14 ANNUNZIO, FRANK IL 11 DEM I $478,891 15 BROOKS, JACK TX 9 DEM I $459,444 16 BRYANT, JOHN W TX 5 DEM I $458,721 17 BROWN, GEORGE E JR CA 36 DEM I $454,935 18 MANTON, THOMAS J NY 9 DEM I $452,323 19 FAZIO, VIC CA 4 DEM I $451,245 20 MOODY, JIM WI 5 DEM I $450,704 21 DORGAN, BYRON L CONGRESSM ND 0 DEM I $449,050 22 LOWEY, NITA M NY 20 DEM I $448,797 23 LONG, JILL LYNETTE IN 4 DEM I $448,381 24 HEFNER, W G (BILL) NC 8 DEM I $445,293 25 WILSON, CHARLES TX 2 DEM I $439,517 26 GINGRICH, NEWT GA 6 REP I $433,421 27 LAUGHLIN, GREGORY HAINES TX 14 DEM I $433,314 28 WALGREN, DOUG PA 18 DEM I $423,415 29 MCMILLEN, C THOMAS MD 4 DEM I $423,275 30 HOYER, STENY HAMILTON MD 5 DEM I $417,235 31 JONES, BEN LEWIS GA 4 DEM I $416,333 32 WOLPE, HOWARD E MI 3 DEM I $414,976 33 FROST, MARTIN TX 24 DEM I $411,405 34 LENT, NORMAN FREDERICK NY 4 REP I $406,820 35 ALEXANDER, WILLIAM VOLLIE AR 1 DEM I $405,150 36 JONTZ, JAMES IN 5 DEM I $405,145 37 NEAL, STEPHEN L NC 5 DEM I $398,879 38 BLILEY, THOMAS JEROME JR VA 3 REP I $398,462 39 HOCHBRUECKNER, GEORGE J NY 1 DEM I $398,062 40 PALLONE, FRANK J JR NJ 3 DEM I $394,464 41 SARPALIUS, BILL TX 13 DEM I $387,684 42 SMITH, DENNIS A OR 5 REP I $386,986 43 PRICE, DAVID E NC 4 DEM I $385,210 44 RUSSO, MARTIN A IL 3 DEM I $382,966 45 ANTHONY, BERYL FRANKLIN J AR 4 DEM I $374,300 46 ECKART, DENNIS E OH 11 DEM I $371,536 47 SCHULZE, RICHARD T PA 5 REP I $370,759 48 BOUCHER, FREDERICK CARLYL VA 9 DEM I $366,584 49 MINETA, NORMAN Y CA 13 DEM I $361,274 50 BATES, JIM CA 44 DEM I $360,800 -55- 1989-90 TOP 50 HOUSE INCUMBENTS - DISBURSEMENTS RANK CANDIDATE STATE DIST PARTY INC NET CHL DISBURSE OPN 1 GINGRICH, NEWT GA 6 REP I $1,538,945 2 GEPHARDT, RICHARD A MO 3 DEM I $1,455,794 3 DORNAN, ROBERT KENNETH CA 38 REP I $1,445,577 4 UNSOELD, JOLENE WA 3 DEM I $1,298,593 5 BONIOR, DAVID EDWARD MI 12 DEM I $1,188,905 6 MURTHA, JOHN P PA 12 DEM I $1,097,107 7 OWENS, DOUGLAS WAYNE UT 2 DEM I $1,088,929 8 BRYANT, JOHN W TX 5 DEM I $1,034,446 9 FAZIO, VIC CA 4 DEM I $1,029,304 10 PARRIS, STANFORD E VA 8 REP I $982,157 11 BARNARD, DRUIE DOUGLAS JR GA 10 DEM I $937,464 12 HOAGLAND, PETER NE 2 DEM I $929,247 13 MILLER, JOHN R WA 1 REP I $912,969 14 LOWEY, NITA M NY 20 DEM I $911,766 15 DERRICK, BUTLER C SC 3 DEM I $907,904 16 BROOKS, JACK TX 9 DEM I $885,090 17 SMITH, DENNIS A OR 5 REP I $884,828 18 MACHTLEY, RONALD KEITH RI 1 REP I $879,464 19 ATKINS, CHESTER G MA 5 DEM I $861,333 20 ANNUNZIO, FRANK IL 11 DEM I $855,952 21 LAUGHLIN, GREGORY HAINES TX 14 DEM I $851,294 22 DELLUMS, RONALD V CA 8 DEM I $840,029 23 GRANT, BILL FL 2 REP I $839,764 24 YATES, SIDNEY R IL 9 DEM I $839,106 25 BARTLETT, STEVE TX 3 REP I $837,944 26 KENNEDY, JOSEPH P II MA 8 DEM I $832,815 27 SLAUGHTER, D FRENCH JR VA 7 REP I $826,942 28 KOSTMAYER, PETER H PA 8 DEM I $826,742 29 GIBBONS, SAM M FL 7 DEM I $825,795 30 BROWN, GEORGE E JR CA 36 DEM I $822,686 31 BILIRAKIS, MICHAEL FL 9 REP I $815,366 32 WOLPE, HOWARD E MI 3 DEM I $815,244 33 GRAY, WILLIAM H III PA 2 DEM I $814,125 34 ASPIN, LES WI 1 DEM I $795,806 35 PRICE, DAVID E NC 4 DEM I $793,291 36 ALEXANDER, WILLIAM VOLLIE AR 1 DEM I $785,626 37 SHARP, PHILIP R IN 2 DEM I $773,178 38 DYSON, ROY MD 1 DEM I $771,809 39 LONG, JILL LYNETTE IN 4 DEM I $752,362 40 HILER, JOHN PATRICK IN 3 REP I $745,145 41 BATES, JIM CA 44 DEM I $744,463 42 WILSON, CHARLES TX 2 DEM I $740,342 43 MATSUI, ROBERT T CA 3 DEM I $734,005 44 SAXTON, H JAMES NJ 13 REP I $730,989 45 BENTLEY, HELEN DELICH MD 2 REP I $730,852 46 FRANK, BARNEY MA 4 DEM I $718,160 47 WALGREN, DOUG PA 18 DEM I $717,124 48 HOYER, STENY HAMILTON MD 5 DEM I $716,469 49 JONES, BEN LEWIS GA 4 DEM I $711,015 50 BLILEY, THOMAS JEROME JR VA 3 REP I $710,739 -56- 1989-90 TOP 50 HOUSE INCUMBENTS - CASH-ON-HAND RANK CANDIDATE STATE DIST PARTY INC CASH CHL ON OPN HAND 1 SOLARZ, STEPHEN J NY 13 DEM I $1,859,603 2 LEVINE, MEL CA 27 DEM I $1,714,807 3 DREIER, DAVID T CA 33 REP I $1,669,915 4 SCHUMER, CHARLES E NY 10 DEM I $1,580,475 5 MATSUI, ROBERT T CA 3 DEM I $1,128,637 6 ROSTENKOWSKI, DAN IL 8 DEM I $1,114,068 7 QUILLEN, JAMES HENRY TN 1 REP I $1,044,255 8 RINALDO, MATTHEW J NJ 7 REP I $967,326 9 TORRICELLI, ROBERT G NJ 9 DEM I $846,461 10 ANDREWS, MICHAEL A TX 25 DEM I $811,150 11 BROOMFIELD, WILLIAM S MI 18 REP I $754,678 12 HOPKINS, LARRY J U S REP KY 6 REP I $691,433 13 LENT, NORMAN FREDERICK NY 4 REP I $687,015 14 ARCHER, WILLIAM R JR TX 7 REP I $670,901 15 DONNELLY, BRIAN MA 11 DEM I $669,414 16 MOORHEAD, CARLOS JOHN CA 22 REP I $666,684 17 LAFALCE, JOHN J NY 32 DEM I $645,138 18 LANTOS, THOMAS P CA 11 DEM I $637,734 19 CAMPBELL, THOMAS J CA 12 REP I $633,197 20 FOLEY, THOMAS S WA 5 DEM I $596,708 21 MARKEY, EDWARD JOHN MA 7 DEM I $579,994 22 ROE, ROBERT NJ 8 DEM I $577,940 23 BRUCE, TERRY L IL 19 DEM I $574,423 24 BEVILL, TOM AL 4 DEM I $566,499 25 MADIGAN, EDWARD R IL 15 REP I $542,570 26 ROSE, CHARLES GRANDISON I NC 7 DEM I $540,833 27 FASCELL, DANTE B FL 19 DEM I $539,060 28 GORDON, BART TN 6 DEM I $535,072 29 HAMMERSCHMIDT, JOHN PAUL AR 3 REP I $500,684 30 BOXER, BARBARA CA 6 DEM I $499,349 31 DINGELL, JOHN D MI 16 DEM I $490,871 32 MOAKLEY, JOHN JOSEPH MA 9 DEM I $489,816 33 DOWNEY, THOMAS J NY 2 DEM I $486,556 34 MANTON, THOMAS J NY 9 DEM I $478,772 35 SUNDQUIST, DONALD KENNETH TN 7 REP I $471,904 36 WAXMAN, HENRY A CA 24 DEM I $468,893 37 WYDEN, RON OR 3 DEM I $451,751 38 JENKINS, EDGAR L GA 9 DEM I $448,273 39 GRADISON, WILLIS D JR OH 2 REP I $442,751 40 MILLER, GEORGE CA 7 DEM I $438,229 41 WHITTEN, JAMIE LLOYD MS 1 DEM I $435,724 42 SMITH, LAWRENCE JACK FL 16 DEM I $413,843 43 BARTON, JOE LINUS TX 6 REP I $412,069 44 BOUCHER, FREDERICK CARLYL VA 9 DEM I $401,838 45 BURTON, DAN IN 6 REP I $400,894 46 ROBERTS, CHARLES PATRICK KS 1 REP I $400,824 47 PETRI, THOMAS E WI 6 REP I $397,666 48 OBERSTAR, JAMES LOUIS MN 8 DEM I $393,551 49 SMITH, NEAL IA 4 DEM I $376,309 50 FOGLIETTA, THOMAS M PA 1 DEM I $366,322 -57- 1989-90 TOP 50 HOUSE INCUMBENTS - DEBTS OWED RANK CANDIDATE STATE DIST PARTY INC DEBTS CHL OWED OPN 1 GEREN, PRESTON M "PETE" TX 12 DEM I $425,920 2 LOWEY, NITA M NY 20 DEM I $405,067 3 SISISKY, NORMAN VA 4 DEM I $349,183 4 SCHEUER, JAMES W NY 8 DEM I $307,250 5 GREEN, BILL NY 15 REP I $237,000 6 JAMES, CRAIG TAYLOR FL 4 REP I $155,000 7 HOAGLAND, PETER NE 2 DEM I $150,540 8 LAUGHLIN, GREGORY HAINES TX 14 DEM I $135,525 9 GINGRICH, NEWT GA 6 REP I $133,575 10 HAYES, JAMES A LA 7 DEM I $122,000 11 ALEXANDER, WILLIAM VOLLIE AR 1 DEM I $112,834 12 PAYNE, LEWIS F JR HON VA 5 DEM I $105,550 13 GRANDY, FREDRICK LAWRENCE IA 6 REP I $101,069 14 YOUNG, DONALD E AK 0 REP I $100,119 15 BARNARD, DRUIE DOUGLAS JR GA 10 DEM I $88,000 16 SLAUGHTER, D FRENCH JR VA 7 REP I $75,000 17 PATTERSON, ELIZABETH J SC 4 DEM I $67,215 18 SPRATT, JOHN MCKEE JR SC 5 DEM I $64,000 19 SARPALIUS, BILL TX 13 DEM I $63,971 20 COX, C CHRISTOPHER CA 40 REP I $61,622 21 SAVAGE, GUS IL 2 DEM I $61,530 22 NEAL, RICHARD E MA 2 DEM I $58,683 23 BROWN, GEORGE E JR CA 36 DEM I $58,255 24 STEARNS, CLIFFORD B FL 6 REP I $58,073 25 PALLONE, FRANK J JR NJ 3 DEM I $54,371 26 MILLER, JOHN R WA 1 REP I $54,000 27 PRICE, DAVID E NC 4 DEM I $50,778 28 ROSE, CHARLES GRANDISON I NC 7 DEM I $50,000 29 ENGEL, ELIOT L NY 19 DEM I $47,018 30 KOSTMAYER, PETER H PA 8 DEM I $46,428 31 DELLUMS, RONALD V CA 8 DEM I $45,000 32 PERKINS, CARL CHRISTOPHER KY 7 DEM I $42,923 33 JONTZ, JAMES IN 5 DEM I $42,596 34 STAGGERS, HARLEY ORRIN JR WV 2 DEM I $42,297 35 TAYLOR, GARY EUGENE MS 5 DEM I $42,054 36 FLAKE, FLOYD H NY 6 DEM I $41,044 37 CHAPMAN, JIM TX 1 DEM I $40,718 38 MAZZOLI, ROMANO L KY 3 DEM I $36,900 39 GEJDENSON, SAMUEL CT 2 DEM I $36,737 40 ATKINS, CHESTER G MA 5 DEM I $35,624 41 GOSS, PORTER JOHNSTON FL 13 REP I $35,183 42 BARTON, JOE LINUS TX 6 REP I $35,028 43 BATEMAN, HERBERT H VA 1 REP I $35,000 44 TORRICELLI, ROBERT G NJ 9 DEM I $34,719 45 LAGOMARSINO, ROBERT J CA 19 REP I $32,600 46 JONES, BEN LEWIS GA 4 DEM I $32,315 47 CONYERS, JOHN JR MI 1 DEM I $32,267 48 GONZALEZ, HENRY B TX 20 DEM I $30,099 49 RAY, RICHARD B GA 3 DEM I $30,000 50 BILBRAY, JAMES H NV 1 DEM I $30,000 -58- 1989-90 TOP 50 HOUSE CHALLENGERS - RECEIPTS RANK CANDIDATE STATE DIST PARTY INC NET CHL RECEIPTS OPN 1 HUGHES, REID FL 4 DEM C $1,073,878 2 CARRINGTON, JOHN H NC 4 REP C $893,349 3 MORAN, JAMES P JR VA 8 DEM C $883,236 4 KOPETSKI, MICHAEL JOSEPH OR 5 DEM C $851,729 5 WILLIAMS, G ROBERT WA 3 REP C $829,603 6 JOHNSON, JOHN ARTHUR IN 5 REP C $783,818 7 BOEHNER, JOHN ANDREW OH 8 REP C $737,441 8 LINDER, JOHN GA 4 REP C $696,858 9 WATERFIELD, RICHARD ALLEN TX 13 REP C $684,141 10 HOFFMAN, MANNY IL 4 REP C $651,729 11 LAROUCHE, LYNDON H JR VA 10 DEM C $648,572 12 EISENDRATH, EDWIN W III IL 9 DEM C $644,647 13 MILDER, ALLY NE 2 REP C $632,229 14 WAITE, RALPH H CA 37 DEM C $622,159 15 GIBSON, MICHAEL LEE AR 1 DEM C $596,190 16 PENCE, MICHAEL R IN 2 REP C $590,467 17 HAWKS, RICK IN 4 REP c $580,037 18 SANDERS, BERNARD VT 0 C $571,556 19 DOOLEY, CALVIN M CA 17 DEM C $547,763 20 CUNNINGHAM, RANDY "DUKE" CA 44 REP C $539,721 21 HAMMOCK, ROBERT L CA 36 REP C $538,381 22 TAYLOR, CHARLES HART NC 11 REP C $523,580 23 ATWOOD, GENEVIEVE UT 2 REP C $505,299 24 ROEMER, TIM IN 3 DEM C $504,884 25 KORMAN, SANG R CA 21 REP C $480,074 26 DIAL, JOSEPH BURT TX 14 REP C $479,218 27 SWETT, RICHARD NELSON NH 2 DEM C $470,252 28 MEYERS, MAURICE M TX 9 REP C $462,656 29 RUCKER, JERRY D TX 5 REP C $453,796 30 KOEPPEL, WILLIAM WILKE NY 17 REP C $432,534 31 HODGES, HAROLD HAMPTON TX 1 REP C $420,961 32 GEORGIOU, BYRON STEPHEN CA 44 DEM C $417,345 33 GLASSCO, KURT GEORGE OK 1 DEM C $411,069 34 DUDYCZ, WALTER W IL 11 REP C $408,470 35 SMITH, DAVID M VA 7 DEM C $390,379 36 SULLIVAN, CYNTHIA M WA 1 DEM C $376,382 37 WOLF, J SCOTT RI 1 DEM C $369,300 38 SALOMON, JIM CA 23 REP C $358,367 39 LUCK, OLIVER FRANCIS WV 2 REP C $357,109 40 HORN, JOAN KELLY MO 2 DEM C $356,766 41 WORLEY, DAVID JAMES GA 6 DEM C $342,310 42 BROWN, J ALPHONSO KY 3 REP C $329,060 43 FRAZER, MARK R MD 1 REP C $324,977 44 CAMPBELL, FOSTER L LA 4 DEM C $316,703 45 BLANTON, TED NC 8 REP C $306,813 46 PETERSON, DOUGLAS BRIAN FL 2 DEM C $306,429 47 DINGEMAN, JAMES H MI 12 REP C $296,051 48 EPSTEIN, MARK SANFORD NY 5 DEM C $292,463 49 HUTTER, JEFFREY VANCE KY 3 DEM C $287,163 50 SCHAFER, EDWARD T ND 0 REP C $285,042 -59- 1989-90 TOP 50 HOUSE CHALLENGERS - CONTRIBUTIONS FROM INDIVIDUALS RANK CANDIDATE STATE DIST PARTY INC INDIV CHL CONTRIB OPN 1 LAROUCHE, LYNDON H JR VA 10 DEM C $645,024 2 MORAN, JAMES P JR VA 8 DEM C $588,784 3 WATERFIELD, RICHARD ALLEN TX 13 REP C $520,787 4 WILLIAMS, G ROBERT WA 3 REP C $493,562 5 PENCE, MICHAEL R IN 2 REP C $469,273 6 HAWKS, RICK IN 4 REP C $457,001 7 KOPETSKI, MICHAEL JOSEPH OR 5 DEM C $438,931 8 SANDERS, BERNARD VT 0 C $434,730 9 HAMMOCK, ROBERT L CA 36 REP C $411,869 10 MEYERS, MAURICE M TX 9 REP C $406,770 11 LINDER, JOHN GA 4 REP C $400,346 12 MILDER, ALLY NE 2 REP C $398,853 13 EISENDRATH, EDWIN W III IL 9 DEM C $393,901 14 RUCKER, JERRY D TX 5 REP C $379,107 15 DIAL, JOSEPH BURT TX 14 REP C $367,785 16 GIBSON, MICHAEL LEE AR 1 DEM C $340,010 17 SALOMON, JIM CA 23 REP C $338,164 18 BOEHNER, JOHN ANDREW OH 8 REP C $333,317 19 SMITH, DAVID M VA 7 DEM C $322,876 20 HOFFMAN, MANNY IL 4 REP C $292,150 21 DOOLEY, CALVIN M CA 17 DEM C $291,811 22 CUNNINGHAM, RANDY "DUKE" CA 44 REP c $285,651 23 SWETT, RICHARD NELSON NH 2 DEM C $273,586 24 BLANTON, TED NC 8 REP C $249,562 25 WOLF, J SCOTT RI 1 DEM C $248,028 26 BROWN, J ALPHONSO KY 3 REP C $242,959 27 BRISCUSO, RAYMOND JOSEPH MD 1 REP C $221,746 28 SANTORUM, RICHARD JOHN PA 18 REP C $211,612 29 ROEMER, TIM IN 3 DEM C $209,276 30 KREAMER, BARBARA OSBORN MD 1 DEM C $204,814 31 SULLIVAN, CYNTHIA M WA 1 DEM C $204,687 32 NAHIGIAN, ARCHIE H JR CA 17 DEM C $203,235 33 WAITE, RALPH H CA 37 DEM C $201,466 34 MACGOVERN, JOHN F MA 5 REP C $196,324 35 HASKINS, BRADLEY JAMES MI 3 REP C $194,060 36 LUCK, OLIVER FRANCIS WV 2 REP C $193,852 37 ROSS, JACK W OK 2 DEM C $188,302 38 BRYAN, JON LANCE MA 10 REP C $187,285 39 TAYLOR, CHARLES HART NC 11 REP C $185,058 40 EPSTEIN, MARK SANFORD NY 5 DEM C $182,284 41 HODGES, HAROLD HAMPTON TX 1 REP C $180,345 42 HORN, JOAN KELLY MO 2 DEM C $175,528 43 KRESS, B ALEXANDER (SANDY TX 5 DEM C $171,926 44 DUDYCZ, WALTER W IL 11 REP C $170,853 45 FRANKENFELD, DONALD L SD 0 REP C $169,888 46 KORMAN, SANG R CA 21 REP C $163,645 47 HUGHES, REID FL 4 DEM C $161,633 48 ATWOOD, GENEVIEVE UT 2 REP C $152,562 49 PREVIDI, ROBERT NY 3 REP C $151,212 50 GILCHREST, WAYNE THOMAS MD 1 REP C $150,992 -60- 1989-90 TOP 50 HOUSE CHALLENGERS - CONTRIBUTIONS FROM PAC'S AND OTHER COMMITTEES RANK CANDIDATE STATE DIST PARTY INC OTHER CHL CMTE'S OPN 1 KOPETSKI, MICHAEL JOSEPH OR 5 DEM C $399,283 2 ROEMER, TIM IN 3 DEM C $269,313 3 MORAN, JAMES P JR VA 8 DEM C $257,821 4 BOEHNER, JOHN ANDREW OH 8 REP C $219,526 5 DUDYCZ, WALTER W IL 11 REP C $217,755 6 VAN SISTINE, JEROME WI 8 DEM C $214,895 7 CUNNINGHAM, RANDY "DUKE" CA 44 REP C $214,547 8 WILLIAMS, G ROBERT WA 3 REP C $204,768 9 GLASSCO, KURT GEORGE OK 1 DEM C $194,950 10 SWETT, RICHARD NELSON NH 2 DEM C $186,000 11 PETERSON, COLLIN C MN 7 DEM C $185,598 12 DOOLEY, CALVIN M CA 17 DEM C $171,185 13 WORLEY, DAVID JAMES GA 6 DEM C $163,190 14 HORN, JOAN KELLY MO 2 DEM C $160,515 15 MILDER, ALLY NE 2 REP C $152,769 16 WAITE, RALPH H CA 37 DEM C $149,266 17 CAMPBELL, FOSTER L LA 4 DEM C $139,450 18 LINDER, JOHN GA 4 REP C $138,474 19 PETERSON, DOUGLAS BRIAN FL 2 DEM C $133,170 20 SULLIVAN, CYNTHIA M WA 1 DEM C $127,537 21 CARNAHAN, JOHN RUSSELL MO 8 DEM C $120,950 22 HUTTER, JEFFREY VANCE KY 3 DEM C $117,000 23 TAYLOR, CHARLES HART NC 11 REP C $111,689 24 WOLF, J SCOTT RI 1 DEM C $104,646 25 HAMMOCK, ROBERT L CA 36 REP C $104,035 26 HUGHES, REID FL 4 DEM C $103,400 27 BAGGIANO, FAYE S AL 2 DEM C $91,752 28 HOFFMAN, MANNY IL 4 REP C $87,725 29 ATWOOD, GENEVIEVE UT 2 REP C $85,596 30 HAWKS, RICK IN 4 REP C $79,448 31 FERGUSON, ANITA PEREZ CA 19 DEM C $72,875 32 SANDERS, BERNARD VT 0 C $72,250 33 ROSS, JACK W OK 2 DEM C $72,017 34 WATERFIELD, RICHARD ALLEN TX 13 REP C $68,725 35 BRUNSDALE, KENLEY WAYNE UT 1 DEM C $66,850 36 MCGOWAN, PATRICK K ME 2 DEM C $65,903 37 GILCHREST, WAYNE THOMAS MD 1 REP C $60,074 38 LUCK, OLIVER FRANCIS WV 2 REP C $57,476 39 ADLER, JOHN H NJ 13 DEM C $56,599 40 HASKINS, BRADLEY JAMES MI 3 REP C $56,300 41 GAUGHAN, KEVIN P NY 31 DEM C $51,492 42 JONES, LEROY KS 3 DEM C $51,299 43 KREAMER, BARBARA OSBORN MD 1 DEM C $50,139 44 SMITH, DAVID M VA 7 DEM C $49,250 45 JOLIVETTE, GREGORY V OH 8 DEM C $48,825 46 REYNOLDS, MEL IL 2 DEM C $48,100 47 MCFARLAND, B JOANNE MI 4 DEM C $48,100 48 DEATON, THOMAS PATRICK MO 7 DEM C $47,445 49 RUCKER, JERRY D TX 5 REP C $45,875 50 HALL, LARRY M NE 1 DEM C $43,400 -61- 1989-90 TOP 50 HOUSE CHALLENGERS - DISBURSEMENTS RANK CANDIDATE STATE DIST PARTY INC NET CHL DISBURSE OPN 1 HUGHES, REID FL 4 DEM C $1,067,366 2 CARRINGTON, JOHN H NC 4 REP C $890,838 3 MORAN, JAMES P JR VA 8 DEM C $883,216 4 KOPETSKI, MICHAEL JOSEPH OR 5 DEM C $843,297 5 WILLIAMS, G ROBERT WA 3 REP C $817,944 6 JOHNSON, JOHN ARTHUR IN 5 REP C $781,224 7 BOEHNER, JOHN ANDREW OH 8 REP C $732,765 8 LINDER, JOHN GA 4 REP C $696,859 9 WATERFIELD, RICHARD ALLEN TX 13 REP C $679,117 10 LAROUCHE, LYNDON H JR VA 10 DEM C $647,836 11 HOFFMAN, MANNY IL 4 REP C $642,391 12 EISENDRATH, EDWIN W III IL 9 DEM C $642,119 13 MILDER, ALLY NE 2 REP C $625,716 14 WAITE, RALPH H CA 37 DEM C $624,560 15 PENCE, MICHAEL R IN 2 REP C $595,457 16 GIBSON, MICHAEL LEE AR 1 DEM C $581,189 17 HAWKS, RICK IN 4 REP C $575,363 18 SANDERS, BERNARD VT 0 C $569,772 19 DOOLEY, CALVIN M CA 17 DEM C $538,354 20 HAMMOCK, ROBERT L CA 36 REP C $538,156 21 CUNNINGHAM, RANDY "DUKE" CA 44 REP C $534,167 22 TAYLOR, CHARLES HART NC 11 REP C $523,867 23 ATWOOD, GENEVIEVE UT 2 REP C $490,726 24 KORMAN, SANG R CA 21 REP C $480,072 25 ROEMER, TIM IN 3 DEM C $473,055 26 SWETT, RICHARD NELSON NH 2 DEM C $465,160 27 RUCKER, JERRY D TX 5 REP C $453,165 28 DIAL, JOSEPH BURT TX 14 REP C $450,095 29 MEYERS, MAURICE M TX 9 REP C $447,974 30 KOEPPEL, WILLIAM WILKE NY 17 REP C $431,513 31 GEORGIOU, BYRON STEPHEN CA 44 DEM C $414,836 32 HODGES, HAROLD HAMPTON TX 1 REP C $408,677 33 DUDYCZ, WALTER W IL 11 REP C $407,617 34 GLASSCO, KURT GEORGE OK 1 DEM C $406,280 35 SMITH, DAVID M VA 7 DEM C $388,415 36 WOLF, J SCOTT RI 1 DEM C $370,118 37 SALOMON, JIM CA 23 REP C $360,389 38 LUCK, OLIVER FRANCIS WV 2 REP C $356,282 39 SULLIVAN, CYNTHIA M WA 1 DEM C $351,660 40 HORN, JOAN KELLY MO 2 DEM C $340,390 41 WORLEY, DAVID JAMES GA 6 DEM C $333,873 42 KREAMER, BARBARA OSBORN MD 1 DEM C $329,355 43 BROWN, J ALPHONSO KY 3 REP C $327,390 44 FRAZER, MARK R MD 1 REP C $325,374 45 PETERSON, DOUGLAS BRIAN FL 2 DEM C $306,104 46 CAMPBELL, FOSTER L LA 4 DEM C $305,348 47 BLANTON, TED NC 8 REP C $300,893 48 DINGEMAN, JAMES H MI 12 REP C $295,184 49 EPSTEIN, MARK SANFORD NY 5 DEM C $291,412 50 HUTTER, JEFFREY VANCE KY 3 DEM C $287,163 -62- 1989-90 TOP 50 HOUSE CHALLENGERS CASH-ON-HAND RANK CANDIDATE STATE DIST PARTY INC CASH CHL ON OPN HAND 1 KRESS, B ALEXANDER (SANDY TX 5 DEM C $115,567 2 JONES, SAMUEL RAY JR GA 10 REP C $85,306 3 ROEMER, TIM IN 3 DEM C $31,826 4 DIAL, JOSEPH BURT TX 14 REP C $29,121 5 ROBINSON, WILLIAM J MA 10 REP C $20,000 6 SULLIVAN, CYNTHIA M WA 1 DEM C $19,499 7 HORN, JOAN KELLY MO 2 DEM C $16,376 8 GIBSON, MICHAEL LEE AR 1 DEM C $15,001 9 MEYERS, MAURICE M TX 9 REP C $14,686 10 ATWOOD, GENEVIEVE UT 2 REP C $14,573 11 LANTRY, JAMES J CA 44 REP C $13,409 12 CAMPBELL, FOSTER L LA 4 DEM C $12,676 13 PUCA, ANTHONY PATRICK MD 6 DEM C $12,403 14 WILLIAMS, G ROBERT WA 3 REP C $11,658 15 BRYAN, JON LANCE MA 10 REP C $11,645 16 WORLEY, DAVID JAMES GA 6 DEM C $10,846 17 FIELDS, CLEO LA 8 DEM C $9,561 18 HOFFMAN, MANNY IL 4 REP C $9,464 19 KOPETSKI, MICHAEL JOSEPH OR 5 DEM C $9,449 20 DOOLEY, CALVIN M CA 17 DEM C $9,409 21 PETERSON, COLLIN C MN 7 DEM C $9,233 22 HORVATH, JANOS IN 10 REP C $8,441 23 BURRIS, DON EDGAR MT 2 DEM C $7,354 24 DIMAURO, THEODORE E MA 2 DEM C $7,268 25 BLANTON, TED NC 8 REP C $7,037 26 STRUB, SEAN O'BRIEN NY 22 DEM C $6,824 27 RIGGS, FRANK DUNCAN CA 1 REP C $6,677 28 HUGHES, REID FL 4 DEM C $6,511 29 MILDER, ALLY NE 2 REP c $6,449 30 SANTORUM, RICHARD JOHN PA 18 REP c $6,289 31 GLASSCO, KURT GEORGE OK 1 DEM C $6,123 32 BRISCUSO, RAYMOND JOSEPH MD 1 REP C $6,006 33 KLUG, SCOTT WI 2 REP C $5,660 34 CUNNINGHAM, RANDY "DUKE" CA 44 REP c $5,553 35 BAGGIANO, FAYE S AL 2 DEM C $5,445 36 BLANKENSHIP, MARK IRVIN CA 35 REP C $5,288 37 BREWSTER, MARIANNE RICHAR WV 4 REP c $5,198 38 SWETT, RICHARD NELSON NH 2 DEM C $5,090 39 BOEHNER, JOHN ANDREW OH 8 REP c $4,674 40 PREVIDI, ROBERT NY 3 REP c $4,535 41 DAVIS, DONALD SPENCER NC 3 REP c $4,477 42 SCHALLER, AUDRIE ZETTICK PA 8 REP c $4,406 43 HASKINS, BRADLEY JAMES MI 3 REP C $4,355 44 SOHN, HERBERT MD IL 9 REP C $4,261 45 INCARNATO, JOSEPH S MD 8 DEM C $4,195 46 HOFFMAN, CHARLES JOSEPH GA 9 REP C $4,133 47 FOX, ANDREW H VA 1 DEM c $4,083 48 VIGIL-GIRON, REBECCA NM 1 DEM C $4,003 49 POWELL, RODNEY H IA 5 DEM C $3,993 50 FLETCHER, ROBERT B FL 5 DEM C $3,923 -63- 1989-90 TOP 50 HOUSE CHALLENGERS - DEBTS OWED RANK CANDIDATE STATE DIST PARTY INC DEBTS CHL OWED OPN 1 MUELLER, MARGARET REID OH 11 REP C $967,542 2 HUGHES, REID FL 4 DEM C $748,253 3 JOHNSON, JOHN ARTHUR IN 5 REP C $626,077 4 KORMAN, SANG R CA 21 REP C $559,139 5 TAYLOR, CHARLES HART NC 11 REP C $434,467 6 GEORGIOU, BYRON STEPHEN CA 44 DEM C $295,930 7 WAITE, RALPH H CA 37 DEM C $284,929 8 EISENDRATH, EDWIN W III IL 9 DEM C $237,977 9 FRAZER, MARK R MD 1 REP C $236,171 10 HODGES, HAROLD HAMPTON TX 1 REP C $232,034 11 GIBSON, MICHAEL LEE AR 1 DEM C $203,500 12 HAMMOCK, ROBERT L CA 36 REP C $192,320 13 BOEHNER, JOHN ANDREW OH 8 REP C $191,055 14 HOFFMAN, MANNY IL 4 REP C $157,420 15 SCHAFER, EDWARD T ND 0 REP C $150,000 16 RIGGS, FRANK DUNCAN CA 1 REP C $148,055 17 BRYAN, JON LANCE MA 10 REP C $118,000 18 FRANKENFELD, DONALD L SD 0 REP C $110,300 19 ROMERO, VICTOR ARNOLD CA 9 REP C $106,914 20 DIMAURO, THEODORE E MA 2 DEM C $104,838 21 MAXFIELD, PETER CHARLES WY 0 DEM C $102,613 22 WRZESINSKI, JOHN T AZ 1 REP C $101,694 23 LAROUCHE, LYNDON H JR VA 10 DEM C $99,582 24 GELPI, MICHAEL A OH 12 DEM C $94,800 25 TORI, MARTIN A KY 2 REP C $93,237 26 LINDER, JOHN GA 4 REP C $89,975 27 SHORE, HOWARD SCOTT FL 14 REP C $86,647 28 DINGEMAN, JAMES H MI 12 REP C $85,507 29 RAPPA, DANIEL DOMINICK DE 0 DEM C $84,000 30 PETERSON, COLLIN C MN 7 DEM C $82,906 31 MORAN, JAMES P JR VA 8 DEM C $82,687 32 NAHIGIAN, ARCHIE H JR CA 17 DEM C $81,827 33. NICHOLS, ALAN H CA 5 REP C $79,540 34 PENCE, MICHAEL R IN 2 REP C $70,614 35 STASKIEWICZ, RONALD LEE NE 2 REP C $69,094 36 WATERFIELD, RICHARD ALLEN TX 13 REP C $69,072 37 RAGSDALE, JOHN MILTON CT 2 REP C $67,382 38 ORLOSKI, RICHARD J PA 15 DEM C $62,252 39 PETERSON, DOUGLAS BRIAN FL 2 DEM C $62,141 40 DOOLEY, CALVIN M CA 17 DEM C $62,140 41 HARVEY, LANE IL 19 REP C $60,621 42 WEED, PERRY MD 1 REP C $59,349 43 PANGELINAN, VICENTE C GU 0 DEM C $56,575 44 PALMER, ROBERT CA 12 DEM C $56,563 45 GHOUGASSIAN, JOSEPH A CA 44 REP C $53,319 46 EPSTEIN, MARK SANFORD NY 5 DEM C $48,689 47 FRANCO, REUBEN DANIEL CA 30 REP C $47,943 48 SMITH, ALFRED J JR CT 4 DEM C $47,500 49 INNELLI, JOHN FRANCIS PA 7 DEM C $46,332 50 TUCK, HOWARD K WV 1 REP C $45,865 -64- 1989-90 TOP 50 HOUSE OPEN SEAT - RECEIPTS RANK CANDIDATE STATE DIST PARTY INC NET CHL RECEIPTS OPN 1 CHANDLER, MARGUERITE 10/ NJ 12 DEM o $1,716,554 2 ZIMMER, RICHARD A NJ 12 REP o $1,227,742 3 CONDIT, GARY CA 15 DEM o $1,158,192 4 ROS-LEHTINEN, ILEANA FL 18 REP o $1,081,884 5 DELAURO, ROSA L CT 3 DEM O $973,625 6 GEREN, PRESTON M "PETE" TX 12 DEM o $936,886 7 RAMSTAD, JAMES M MN 3 REP O $936,208 8 REED, JOHN F RI 2 DEM O $902,877 9 RICHMAN, GERALD F FL 18 DEM o $889,080 10 MOFFETT, ANTHONY TOBY CT 5 DEM o $880,726 11 SHINE, HUGH DUNHAM TX 11 REP o $878,663 12 BACCHUS, JAMES L FL 11 DEM o $877,500 13 ANDERSON, THOMAS H JR MS 5 REP O $834,168 14 FRELINGHUYSEN, RODNEY P NJ 12 REP o $817,892 15 ZELIFF, WILLIAM H JR NH 1 REP o $807,514 16 WATERS, MAXINE CA 29 DEM o $740,793 17 THORNTON, RAY AR 2 DEM o $697,067 18 ANDREWS, THOMAS H ME 1 DEM O $696,604 19 LUKEN, CHARLES OH 1 DEM O $680,789 20 EDWARDS, THOMAS CHESTER TX 11 DEM o $672,399 21 BLACKWELL, J KENNETH OH 1 REP o $671,848 22 CAMP, DAVID LEE MI 10 REP o $667,713 23 CRAMER, ROBERT E JR AL 5 DEM o $662,457 24 LANIER, BOB DR TX 12 REP o $647,762 25 BARRETT, WILLIAM E NE 3 REP o $644,559 26 WASHINGTON, CRAIG A TX 18 DEM o $644,479 27 MINK, PATSY TAKEMOTO HI 2 DEM o $641,324 28 BROWDER, JOHN GLEN AL 3 DEM o $594,284 29 FRANKS, GARY A CT 5 REP o $587,045 30 COXE, GERTRUDE M RI 2 REP o $577,919 31 NICHOLS, RICHARD D KS 5 REP o $573,188 32 TABOR, ERIC J IA 2 DEM o $570,382 33 THOMAS, CRAIG LYLE WY 0 REP o $564,142 34 HALL, ANTHONY W JR TX 18 DEM O $556,540 35 ANDREWS, ROBERT E NJ 1 DEM O $542,535 36 DOOLITTLE, JOHN T CA 14 REP o $529,813 37 VINICH, JOHN P WY 0 DEM O $514,629 38 HALLOCK, JOHN W JR IL 16 REP o $495,061 39 MORIAL, MARC H LA 2 DEM O $492,323 40 SMYSER, CHARLES A "SKIP" ID 1 REP o $487,424 41 BOND, RICHARD RANDOLPH CO 4 DEM o $486,762 42 ABERCROMBIE, NEIL HI 1 DEM o $476,231 43 GIFFORD, CHARLES HERBERT RI 2 DEM o $474,702 44 MOLINARI, SUSAN K NY 14 REP o $470,197 45 NUSSLE, JAMES ALLEN IA 2 REP o $469,933 46 LOCKWOOD, FRED NE 3 REP o $466,025 47 EMERY, DAVID F ME 1 REP o $465,551 48 SCOFIELD, SANDRA KAY NE 3 DEM o $457,931 49 HANNEMANN, MULIUFI FRANCI HI 2 DEM o $457,588 50 LA ROCCO, LARRY ID 1 DEM o $449,419 -65- 1989-90 TOP 50 HOUSE OPEN SEAT- CONTRIBUTIONS FROM INDIVIDUALS RANK CANDIDATE STATE DIST PARTY INC INDIV CHL CONTRIB OPN 1 ZIMMER, RICHARD A NJ 12 REP O $901,105 2 ROS-LEHTINEN, ILEANA FL 18 REP o $720,522 3 RAMSTAD, JAMES M MN 3 REP o $677,539 4 DELAURO, ROSA L CT 3 DEM o $550,104 5 GEREN, PRESTON M "PETE" TX 12 DEM o $548,751 6 SHINE, HUGH DUNHAM TX 11 REP o $480,279 7 CONDIT, GARY CA 15 DEM O $462,467 8 FRELINGHUYSEN, RODNEY P NJ 12 REP O $444,813 9 MOFFETT, ANTHONY TOBY CT 5 DEM o $443,524 10 ANDERSON, THOMAS H JR MS 5 REP o $441,996 11 LANIER, BOB DR TX 12 REP o $440,111 12 BACCHUS, JAMES L FL 11 DEM o $406,493 13 ANDREWS, THOMAS H ME 1 DEM o $401,252 14 WATERS, MAXINE CA 29 DEM O $397,513 15 BLACKWELL, J KENNETH OH 1 REP o $396,023 16 WASHINGTON, CRAIG A TX 18 DEM O $385,161 17 THORNTON, RAY AR 2 DEM O $376,229 18 BARRETT, WILLIAM E NE 3 REP o $367,397 19 CAMP, DAVID LEE MI 10 REP o $361,894 20 RICHMAN, GERALD F FL 18 DEM o $358,671 21 CRAMER, ROBERT E JR AL 5 DEM o $326,753 22 COXE, GERTRUDE M RI 2 REP o $325,378 23 HALL, ANTHONY W JR TX 18 DEM O $323,036 24 ABERCROMBIE, NEIL HI 1 DEM o $312,354 25 REED, JOHN F RI 2 DEM O $301,088 26 MIZUGUCHI, NORMAN KEIJI HI 1 DEM O $299,252 27 KEET, JAMES HOLLAND III " AR 2 REP o $292,095 28 DOOLITTLE, JOHN T CA 14 REP O $289,247 29 MOLINARI, SUSAN K NY 14 REP o $285,627 30 MINK, PATSY TAKEMOTO HI 2 DEM O $283,810 31 ZELIFF, WILLIAM H JR NH 1 REP O $283,013 32 HANNEMANN, MULIUFI FRANCI HI 2 DEM o $276,996 33 NORTON, ELEANOR H DC 0 DEM O $275,730 34 EDWARDS, THOMAS CHESTER TX 11 DEM o $271,055 35 LUKEN, CHARLES OH 1 DEM O $266,523 36 NUSSLE, JAMES ALLEN IA 2 REP o $257,124 37 ANDREWS, ROBERT E NJ 1 DEM O $252,593 38 THOMAS, CRAIG LYLE WY 0 REP O $244,319 39 FRANKS, GARY A CT 5 REP o $244,153 40 RICE, JOHN AL 3 REP o $240,497 41 JEFFERSON, WILLIAM J LA 2 DEM o $239,066 42 KENNEDY, ROSARIO FL 18 DEM o $228,575 43 MORIAL, MARC H LA 2 DEM O $226,009 44 BERRYHILL, CLARE L CA 15 REP o $225,977 45 EMERY, DAVID F ME 1 REP o $223,311 46 BREWSTER, BILLY KENT OK 3 DEM o $221,009 47 SMYSER, CHARLES A "SKIP" ID 1 REP o $220,371 48 KERR, ROBERT S III OK 3 DEM o $216,692 49 HALLOCK, JOHN W JR IL 16 REP o $211,214 50 SCOTT, THOMAS CT 3 REP O $209,823 -66- 1989-90 TOP 50 HOUSE OPEN SEAT - CONTRIBUTIONS FROM PAC'S AND OTHER COMMITTEES RANK CANDIDATE STATE DIST PARTY INC OTHER CHL CMTE'S OPN 1 BACCHUS, JAMES L FL 11 DEM 0 $412,573 2 MOFFETT, ANTHONY TOBY CT 5 DEM O $411,188 3 DELAURO, ROSA L CT 3 DEM O $401,805 4 CONDIT, GARY CA 15 DEM O $396,882 5 TABOR, ERIC J IA 2 DEM O $389,847 6 LUKEN, CHARLES OH 1 DEM O $369,725 7 BROWDER, JOHN GLEN AL 3 DEM O $357,692 8 GEREN, PRESTON M "PETE" TX 12 DEM O $350,390 9 EDWARDS, THOMAS CHESTER TX 11 DEM O $345,480 10 REED, JOHN F RI 2 DEM O $302,216 11 VINICH, JOHN P WY 0 DEM O $273,150 12 BOND, RICHARD RANDOLPH CO 4 DEM O $255,580 13 CRAMER, ROBERT E JR AL 5 DEM o $246,932 14 ANDREWS, THOMAS H ME 1 DEM O $244,473 15 ANDERSON, THOMAS H JR MS 5 REP O $242,933 16 THORNTON, RAY AR 2 DEM O $242,900 17 SCOFIELD, SANDRA KAY NE 3 DEM O $239,816 18 LONG, JILL LYNETTE IN 4 DEM O $239,147 19 LA ROCCO, LARRY ID 1 DEM 0 $238,753 20 RAMSTAD, JAMES M MN 3 REP O $237,745 21 THOMAS, CRAIG LYLE WY 0 REP 0 $237,345 22 ANDREWS, ROBERT E NJ 1 DEM 0 $236,190 23 DOOLITTLE, JOHN T CA 14 REP 0 $234,764 24 ROS-LEHTINEN, ILEANA FL 18 REP 0 $233,757 25 KENNEDY, ROSARIO FL 18 DEM O $216,900 26 WATERS, MAXINE CA 29 DEM 0 $211,172 27 HALLOCK, JOHN W JR IL 16 REP 0 $205,507 28 ZIMMER, RICHARD A NJ 12 REP 0 $204,983 29 HOBSON, DAVID L OH 7 REP 0 $202,427 30 SMYSER, CHARLES A "SKIP" ID 1 REP 0 $198,459 31 BARRETT, WILLIAM E NE 3 REP O $193,583 32 COX, JOHN W JR IL 16 DEM o $191,666 33 BLACKWELL, J KENNETH OH 1 REP O $183,490 34 BREWSTER, BILLY KENT OK 3 DEM O $179,466 35 FRANKS, GARY A CT 5 REP O $177,927 36 KEEFE, JOSEPH F NH 1 DEM O $175,279 37 CAMP, DAVID LEE MI 10 REP 0 $175,075 38 ALLARD, WAYNE CO 4 REP 0 $174,550 39 RICHMAN, GERALD F FL 18 DEM O $169,499 40 WASHINGTON, CRAIG A TX 18 DEM o $166,116 41 EMERY, DAVID F ME 1 REP O $162,121 42 MOLINARI, SUSAN K NY 14 REP 0 $148,938 43 MINK, PATSY TAKEMOTO HI 2 DEM O $147,784 44 NUSSLE, JAMES ALLEN IA 2 REP 0 $146,558 45 NORTON, ELEANOR H DC 0 DEM O $145,205 46 ABERCROMBIE, NEIL HI 1 DEM O $143,600 47 SERRANO, JOSE E NY 18 DEM O $143,300 48 HEATH, DANIEL G IN 4 REP O $134,980 49 SHINE, HUGH DUNHAM TX 11 REP 0 $133,667 50 ZELIFF, WILLIAM H JR NH 1 REP O $130,601 -67- 1989-90 TOP 50 HOUSE OPEN SEAT- DISBURSEMENTS RANK CANDIDATE STATE DIST PARTY INC NET CHL DISBURSE OPN 1 CHANDLER, MARGUERITE 10/ NJ 12 DEM O $1,707,539 2 ZIMMER, RICHARD A NJ 12 REP O $1,224,626 3 CONDIT, GARY CA 15 DEM O $1,155,459 4 ROS-LEHTINEN, ILEANA FL 18 REP o $1,081,883 5 DELAURO, ROSA L CT 3 DEM O $957,982 6 RAMSTAD, JAMES M MN 3 REP O $935,454 7 GEREN, PRESTON M "PETE" TX 12 DEM 0 $921,183 8 REED, JOHN F RI 2 DEM O $897,224 9 RICHMAN, GERALD F FL 18 DEM o $886,393 10 MOFFETT, ANTHONY TOBY CT 5 DEM O $877,116 11 BACCHUS, JAMES L FL 11 DEM O $875,386 12 SHINE, HUGH DUNHAM TX 11 REP O $842,226 13 ANDERSON, THOMAS H JR MS 5 REP o $830,550 14 ZELIFF, WILLIAM H JR NH 1 REP O $802,680 15 FRELINGHUYSEN, RODNEY P NJ 12 REP O $798,090 16 WATERS, MAXINE CA 29 DEM O $759,538 17 ANDREWS, THOMAS H ME 1 DEM O $693,165 18 THORNTON, RAY AR 2 DEM O $678,429 19 BLACKWELL, J KENNETH OH 1 REP O $670,640 20 EDWARDS, THOMAS CHESTER TX 11 DEM O $668,936 21 CAMP, DAVID LEE MI 10 REP O $657,229 22 LANIER, BOB DR TX 12 REP O $652,285 23 LUKEN, CHARLES OH 1 DEM O $651,544 24 MINK, PATSY TAKEMOTO HI 2 DEM O $641,037 25 CRAMER, ROBERT E JR AL 5 DEM O $638,361 26 BARRETT, WILLIAM E NE 3 REP O $624,575 27 WASHINGTON, CRAIG A TX 18 DEM O $619,120 28 FRANKS, GARY A CT 5 REP O $581,625 29 BROWDER, JOHN GLEN AL 3 DEM O $577,556 30 COXE, GERTRUDE M RI 2 REP O $571,643 31 TABOR, ERIC J IA 2 DEM O $571,428 32 NICHOLS, RICHARD D KS 5 REP O $565,410 33 HALL, ANTHONY W JR TX 18 DEM o $551,539 34 ANDREWS, ROBERT E NJ 1 DEM o $541,960 35 THOMAS, CRAIG LYLE WY 0 REP O $526,148 36 DOOLITTLE, JOHN T CA 14 REP O $517,668 37 VINICH, JOHN P WY 0 DEM o $514,629 38 MIZUGUCHI, NORMAN KEIJI HI 1 DEM o $509,075 39 HALLOCK, JOHN W JR IL 16 REP O $491,287 40 MORIAL, MARC H LA 2 DEM o $487,171 41 BOND, RICHARD RANDOLPH CO 4 DEM 0 $481,666 42 SMYSER, CHARLES A "SKIP" ID 1 REP O $480,994 43 GIFFORD, CHARLES HERBERT RI 2 DEM 0 $474,396 44 MOLINARI, SUSAN K NY 14 REP O $470,197 45 NUSSLE, JAMES ALLEN IA 2 REP o $466,259 46 LOCKWOOD, FRED NE 3 REP o $465,792 47 EMERY, DAVID F ME 1 REP o $463,873 48 SCOFIELD, SANDRA KAY NE 3 DEM o $457,655 49 LA ROCCO, LARRY ID 1 DEM O $447,895 50 NORTON, ELEANOR H DC 0 DEM O $446,856 -68- 1989-90 TOP 50 HOUSE OPEN SEAT- CASH-ON-HAND RANK CANDIDATE STATE DIST PARTY INC CASH CHL ON OPN HAND 1 COLLINS, BARBARA-ROSE MI 13 DEM 0 $61,044 2 SERRANO, JOSE E NY 18 DEM o $37,363 3 SHINE, HUGH DUNHAM TX 11 REP o $36,433 4 ABERCROMBIE, NEIL HI 1 DEM O $34,017 5 LUKEN, CHARLES OH 1 DEM o $29,243 6 WATERS, MAXINE CA 29 DEM o $27,717 7 CRAMER, ROBERT E JR AL 5 DEM o $20,771 8 BARRETT, WILLIAM E NE 3 REP O $19,982 9 THORNTON, RAY AR 2 DEM o $18,638 10 PATTERSON, MICHAEL DUANE MI 13 DEM o $17,193 11 HANNEMANN, MULIUFI FRANCI HI 2 DEM o $15,978 12 DELAURO, ROSA L CT 3 DEM O $15,642 13 ROITZ, EDWARD J KS 5 REP o $12,827 14 DOOLITTLE, JOHN T CA 14 REP o $12,142 15 KOPPEL, HARWOOD "WOODY" LA 2 DEM O $10,597 16 CAMP, DAVID LEE MI 10 REP O $10,483 17 ANDREWS, THOMAS H ME 1 DEM o $9,437 18 NICHOLS, RICHARD D KS 5 REP o $7,776 19 SCOTT, THOMAS CT 3 REP O $7,466 20 GREER, BAYLESS LYNN AL 5 DEM o $7,056 21 BRISTOW, DEAN LEROY UT 3 REP o $6,644 22 SMYSER, CHARLES A "SKIP" ID 1 REP o $6,430 23 COX, JOHN W. JR IL 16 DEM O $6,306 24 COXE, GERTRUDE M RI 2 REP o $6,274 25 REED, JOHN F RI 2 DEM O $6,152 26 KENNEDY, ROSARIO FL 18 DEM o $6,098 27 KEET, JAMES HOLLAND III " AR 2 REP O $5,950 28 KEYS, LINDSEY LEON MI 10 DEM O $5,935 29 DRAMESI, JOHN A COL NJ 1 DEM 0 $5,785 30 FRANKS, GARY A CT 5 REP O $5,430 31 BOND, RICHARD RANDOLPH CO 4 DEM O $5,067 32 HALL, ANTHONY W JR TX 18 DEM O $5,000 33 MORIAL, MARC H LA 2 DEM o $4,847 34 ZELIFF, WILLIAM H JR NH 1 REP o $4,826 35 SCAMMAN, W DOUGLAS JR NH 1 REP O $4,624 36 CROZIER, MICHAEL L HI 2 DEM O $4,386 37 MENOR, RON HI 2 DEM O $4,370 38 MANGINI, DANIEL J NJ 1 REP o $4,220 39 HUTCHINSON, FRANKLIN G JR HI 1 REP O $3,998 40 ERTL, JOSEPH L IA 2 REP O $3,682 41 NUSSLE, JAMES ALLEN IA 2 REP o $3,673 42 ANDERSON, THOMAS H JR MS 5 REP o $3,618 43 MOFFETT, ANTHONY TOBY CT 5 DEM o $3,610 44 MALBERG, PATRICIA ANNE CA 14 DEM o $3,592 45 EDWARDS, THOMAS CHESTER TX 11 DEM o $3,460 46 LIU, MICHAEL MINORU FAWN HI 1 REP o $3,436 47 ALLARD, WAYNE CO 4 REP o $3,428 48 MIZUGUCHI, NORMAN KEIJI HI 1 DEM o $3,271 49 DRIVER, RODNEY D RI 2 DEM o $3,162 50 ZIMMER, RICHARD A NJ 12 REP O $3,115 -69- 1989-90 TOP 50 HOUSE OPEN SEAT - DEBTS OWED RANK CANDIDATE STATE DIST PARTY INC DEBTS CHL OWED OPN 1 CHANDLER, MARGUERITE 10/ NJ 12 DEM O $1,024,027 2 GIFFORD, CHARLES HERBERT RI 2 DEM O $438,961 3 ZELIFF, WILLIAM H JR NH 1 REP O $375,800 4 NICHOLS, RICHARD D KS 5 REP 0 $315,550 5 RICHMAN, GERALD F FL 18 DEM O $277,448 6 DUNN, JIM MI 10 REP O $250,963 7 MORIAL, MARC H LA 2 DEM O $244,033 8 REED, JOHN F RI 2 DEM O $219,277 9 MENOR, RON HI 2 DEM O $209,205 10 ZIMMER, RICHARD A NJ 12 REP o $208,274 11 MINK, PATSY TAKEMOTO HI 2 DEM o $191,255 12 LOCKWOOD, FRED NE 3 REP O $185,100 13 FRELINGHUYSEN, RODNEY P NJ 12 REP O $181,158 14 PEREZ, CARLOS FL 18 REP O $178,272 15 MATSUNAGA, MATTHEW M HI 1 DEM O $173,344 16 JEFFERSON, WILLIAM J LA 2 DEM O $159,655 17 WHARTON, BONNIE FL 11 REP O $148,951 18 HANNEMANN, MULIUFI FRANCI HI 2 DEM O $140,719 19 GIGANTE, ROBERT J NY 14 DEM O $135,000 20 RAMSTAD, JAMES M MN 3 REP O $122,580 21 CAMP, DAVID LEE MI 10 REP O $117,153 22 MCCONKEY, PHILLIP J NJ 12 REP O $111,200 23 KEET, JAMES HOLLAND III " AR 2 REP O $105,174 24 CARLSON, MERLYN NE 3 REP O $104,500 25 COXE, GERTRUDE M RI 2 REP O $104,000 26 ABROMSON, LINDA ME 1 DEM O $102,800 27 ANDREWS, THOMAS H ME 1 DEM O $101,720 28 DELAURO, ROSA L CT 3 DEM O $100,001 29 LIU, MICHAEL MINORU FAWN HI 1 REP O $97,400 30 ERTL, JOSEPH L IA 2 REP o $97,000 31 SHINE, HUGH DUNHAM TX 11 REP o $96,192 32 CRAMER, ROBERT E JR AL 5 DEM O $87,000 33 ANDREWS, ROBERT E NJ 1 DEM O $85,939 34 WASHINGTON, CRAIG A TX 18 DEM o $84,107 35 BROWDER, JOHN GLEN AL 3 DEM O $76,242 36 MIZUGUCHI, NORMAN KEIJI HI 1 DEM o $75,000 37 FRANKS, GARY A CT 5 REP o $74,377 38 HARMER, JOHN LOREN UT 3 REP o $72,098 39 LA ROCCO, LARRY ID 1 DEM O $71,316 40 EDWARDS, THOMAS CHESTER TX 11 DEM o $71,175 41 BARRETT, WILLIAM E NE 3 REP o $70,000 42 CROZIER, MICHAEL L HI 2 DEM o $67,145 43 ORTON, WILLIAM H UT 3 DEM O $64,289 44 RICE, JOHN AL 3 REP O $62,846 45 SINGLETON, HARRY MICHAEL DC 0 REP o $59,696 46 ANDERSON, THOMAS H JR MS 5 REP O $57,810 47 SNOW, KARL N JR UT 3 REP O $57,165 48 KENNEDY, ROSARIO FL 18 DEM o $56,968 49 NORTON, ELEANOR H DC 0 DEM O $55,121 50 ADAMS, CHARLES H AL 3 DEM O $55,000 -70- 89-658 C CRS Report for Congress Grants Work in a Congressional Office Rhoda Newman Congressional Reference Division December 5, 1989 CONGRESSIONAL OFFICE USE ONLY CRS Congressional Research Service The Library of Congress The Congressional Research Service works exclusively for the Congress, conducting re- search, analyzing legislation, and providing information at the request of committees, Members, and their staffs. The Service makes such research available, without partisan bias, in many forms includ- ing studies, reports, compilations, digests, and background briefings. Upon request, CRS assists committees in analyzing legislative proposals and issues, and in assessing the possible effects of these proposals and their alternatives. The Service's senior specialists and subject analysts are also available for personal consultations in their respective fields of expertise. GRANTS WORK IN A CONGRESSIONAL OFFICE SUMMARY Congressional offices are often approached by constituents seeking funds for projects of potential benefit to their States or districts. This report discusses the grants process and varying approaches and techniques congressional offices have developed in dealing with grants requests. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF GRANTS OPERATIONS IN CONGRESSIONAL OFFICES 1 TOOLS 2 Grants Manual 2 File Systems and Logs 3 Agency Files 3 Constituent Files by County 3 COMMUNICATING WITH STAFF 3 UNDERSTANDING THE GRANTS PROCESS 4 FEDERAL ASSISTANCE 4 SOURCES OF INFORMATION 4 TYPES OF ASSISTANCE AVAILABLE THROUGH THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 6 Grants 6 Loans 6 Insurance 6 Technical Assistance, Training, and Special Services 6 Goods and Properties 6 FOUNDATIONS AND CORPORATE GRANTS 7 SOURCES OF INFORMATION 8 ESTABLISHING AND MAINTAINING CONTACTS 9 WAYS CONGRESSIONAL GRANTS STAFF CAN ASSIST CONSTITUENTS 10 GETTING INFORMATION TO CONSTITUENTS 10 COUNSELING ON PROPOSAL WRITING 11 FOLLOWING UP ON CONSTITUENTS' REQUESTS 12 ANNOUNCING GRANTS AWARDS 13 GRANTS WORK IN A CONGRESSIONAL OFFICE INTRODUCTION Members of Congress frequently receive requests from constituents for information and assistance in obtaining funds for projects. Many State and local governments, nonprofit social service and community action organizations, private research groups, and small businesses approach congressional offices for information on funding, both from the Federal Government and from the private sector. Senate and House offices allocate staff and other resources to grants and projects activities in order to assist these constituents with projects of potential benefit to their districts, cities, or States. Constituents have varying degrees of sophistication and skill when it comes to seeking grants. Congressional expertise can prove extremely helpful to grantseekers faced with such problems as identifying the most appropriate funding source, dealing with application and follow-up procedures, and coping with bureaucratic delays and funding uncertainties. The grants person in the congressional office can serve constituents not only as an information resource, but also as a facilitator with agencies and foundations, and, in some cases, even as an advocate. The following discussion does not constitute a blueprint for every office involved in grants and projects activity, nor does it present in-depth information about all aspects of staff activity in this area. The discussion is aimed at describing some basics about the grants process and some of the approaches and techniques used by congressional offices in dealing with this type of constituent service. FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF GRANTS OPERATIONS IN CONGRESSIONAL OFFICES Each congressional office handles grants requests in its own way, depending upon such factors as the Member's philosophy on Federal support for local projects, the relation of certain proposals to his or her legislative activity, or the Member's particular interest in specific types of projects. Other factors may include the degree of economic distress in any given locality and the current level of Federal assistance it receives. Grants activities in any congressional office depend very much upon the overall organization and workload of the office. Most offices divide responsibility by function, i.e., legislation is assigned to legislative assistants CRS-2 and correspondents, press and newsletters are under the purview of a press secretary, and caseworkers do casework. Offices organized in this way may have a full-time grants specialist or several staff members under the supervision of a grants coordinator working solely in the area of grants and projects. Some offices divide responsibilities by subject area; i.e., a specialist in health issues is involved with legislation, correspondence, casework, grants, projects, speeches, and press releases in that subject area. In some offices, all grants requests are handled in the district or State office; in others, they are answered by the Washington staff; still others divide grants and projects activity between the district or State office and the Washington office. Regardless of how this responsibility is assigned, it is helpful to have at least one person in the district or State office and one person in the Washington office familiar with the whole process. Since some constituents request the aid of the entire State delegation for a grant or project, cooperation among Members of the delegation can minimize duplication of effort and permit more effective use of staff time. To increase the chances of a project's funding, Members may solicit the support of other Members either from the same geographic region if the proposal would benefit a wide area, or from those who hold key positions in leadership or on committees which exercise funding and oversight of the Federal program. Political considerations can limit the amount of such cooperation. One State's delegation has established a State Projects Office to help its constituents learn about the grants process and follow through on all applications until awards are made. TOOLS To assure continuity, particularly in cases of staff turnover and shifting responsibilities, and to monitor the progress of the grants and process operation, several resources can be developed. Grants Manual An internal grants manual is a valuable tool for grants staff to develop. It can outline office policies and procedures. Among the items that might be included in this volume are: A written record of the Member's policy on letters of endorsement and press announcements, along with samples. A checklist of procedures to facilitate the training of new staff. Sample project worksheets, allowing space for agency contacts, status reports, and follow-up timetables. A personal telephone listing of contacts in Federal, State, and local agencies, and foundations who are heavily relied upon because of the CRS-3 frequency of requests under their supervision, or of those who have proven especially helpful. File Systems and Logs A congressional office may wish to maintain detailed, cross-referenced files. Agency Files Program files include detailed information on the most frequently used programs in communities in the State or district, with a fact sheet describing each program, plus agency brochures, contacts, etc. Project files may contain lists of applicants for each project. Some offices keep records on the steps taken in support of all grant applications as documentation. Follow-up calendar or log is an often helpful tool. Constituent Files by County These can prove especially useful for the Member's visits to the State or district. In addition to the correspondence on each grant application, local press coverage of awards can be included. These clippings, along with letters from grateful constituents, can serve as a source for favorable quotations. COMMUNICATING WITH STAFF A weekly grants and projects report or memorandum is one way to keep both the Member and other staff fully informed of significant developments. This is particularly important for offices organized by functional responsibility. This report prepares the Member for the types of questions that may be asked during visits to the State or district and provides topics to be addressed in speeches. The legislative staff will benefit from knowing about pending State or local government actions that would have an impact on grants and projects. Conversely, grants and projects staff should also be able to rely on the legislative staff for information about pending bills that would alter or create Federal programs or change funding levels. Sometimes, comments from constituents can supply data on whether programs are carrying out legislative intent and whether changes in agency regulations or legislation are needed. The press secretary should also be kept up to date on programs, so that current information can be presented in newsletters and press releases. The staff may want to maintain a listing of Federal grant recipients and the amount of Federal dollars received each year for their State or district. This amount can be found in Consolidated Federal Funds Report, published by the Bureau of the Census for the Office of Management and Budget. CRS-4 UNDERSTANDING THE GRANTS PROCESS Congressional grants staff can be of the greatest assistance to their constituents when they have a thorough understanding of the entire grants process: -- defining the project -- searching for likely funding sources -- proposal writing -- grant application -- review and award procedure -- post award requirements. A good start towards understanding this process can be gained by looking at the CRS Info Pack 50G, "Grants and Foundation Support," which discusses sources of information on Federal programs and private foundations. It also contains a report on how to write a grant proposal. Info Pack 50G is available for distribution to constituents, who may consult many of the published sources described in the Info Pack at large public or university libraries or depository libraries which serve as repositories for U.S. Govern- ment publications. Because of cutbacks in Federal programs, today many projects are made possible only through a combination of funding sources -- Federal, State and local government, and foundation or corporate grants. Whatever the funding source, it is important to emphasize that once a project has been clearly defined, constituents can improve their likelihood of success by doing preliminary research in order to find potential funding sources whose goals are most nearly consistent with their own. FEDERAL ASSISTANCE SOURCES OF INFORMATION The General Services Administration (GSA), which is responsible for disseminating information about Federal domestic assistance programs administered by 51 Federal agencies and departments, publishes the Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance. Each program listed in the Catalog contains explanations of: -- authorizing legislation -- objectives -- types of assistance provided -- restrictions -- eligibility requirements -- formula and matching requirements, where applicable -- post assistance requirements CRS-5 -- financial information -- program accomplishments -- regulations, guidelines and literature -- information contacts -- application and award process -- deadlines. It also may include criteria for selecting proposals, examples of funded projects, and referrals to related programs. Updated information on Federal programs appears in the daily Federal Register. Each congressional office is supposed to receive three copies of the Catalog, as well as copies of the Federal Register Information given in the printed Catalog is also available online through the Federal Assistance Program Retrieval System (FAPRS) database, operated by the General Services Administration. In addition, through its PRE-AWARD (PREA) database, the House Information Systems office provides House offices with updated, online information about Federal programs in the Catalog; and, through its POST- AWARD (POST) database, it furnishes information about Federal grants which have been awarded in the last four quarters. House Information Systems also publishes the Federal Funding Report, a weekly compilation of notices from the previous week's Federal Register, dealing with Federal domestic assistance programs. Congressional grants specialists may suggest that constituents seeking Federal funding begin by consulting the Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance and the Federal Register at Federal depository libraries or other large libraries in their area. Grantseekers will need to study the introduction to the Catalog and then consult all of the indexes to lead them to applicable programs. Program descriptions have to be carefully analyzed to see whether they may be appropriate. At this point, a telephone call or letter to the agency contact person can provide invaluable help. Agencies often prepare guidelines and application packets for specific programs. They may also provide a list of grantees from the previous fiscal year and indicate the amount of money still available for the coming year. Some congressional grants specialists go one step further in serving their constituents by actually identifying potential funding programs either from their own files or by doing their own Catalog searches. CRS-6 TYPES OF ASSISTANCE AVAILABLE THROUGH THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT Grants Grants are generally considered the most desirable form of financial assistance since they represent an outright award of funds that do not have to be repaid. Categorical grants, made for specific purposes, may require the recipient to match some portion of the grant, and are usually accompanied by detailed administrative requirements. The funds may be distributed according to a formula established by law or administrative regulation or on a discretionary project-by-project basis. Block grants are made for broad purposes such as drug or alcohol treatment and rehabilitation, and are usually made to State agencies which distribute the funds to local governments or nonprofit organizations. Block grants may also have matching requirements. Loans Since loans must be repaid, they are often viewed as less desirable than grants. However, with the reduction of Federal funds available for grants and the increasing level of competition for such funds, loans are often the only form of assistance available. Direct loans are issued directly by an agency. Guaranteed loans are issued by a local lending institution, but are guaranteed by the Federal government. Insured loans are generally the same as guaranteed loans but may refer to direct loans which are issued from a revolving insurance fund administered by an agency. Insurance Some Federal programs provide financial assistance to assure reimbursement for losses sustained under specified conditions. Coverage may be provided directly by the Federal government or through private carriers and may or may not require the payment of premiums. Technical Assistance, Training, and Special Services Federal agencies may provide Federal specialists, or may enter into contracts with private entities, colleges, or universities, to consult, advise, or counsel communities or individuals through conferences, workshops, or personal contact. Other programs provide Federal personnel, who perform certain tasks that involve more than consultation, advice, or counseling. Programs also provide for publication and distribution of technical informa- tion and data not designed for general public consumption. Goods and Properties Some programs provide for the loan, use of, or access to, Federal facilities or property. Other programs provide for the sale, exchange, or donation of CRS-7 Federal real property, personal property, commodities, and other goods including land, buildings, equipment, food, and drugs. FOUNDATIONS AND CORPORATE GRANTS While Federal, State, and local governments are still the key sources of support for nonprofit organizations, congressional grants specialists may wish to suggest other funding possibilities to their constituents as alternatives and supplements to Federal funding. Small local projects should begin their search for assistance at the community level from local businesses or institutions: Support may be available in the form of cash contributions or in-kind contributions of property, buildings, equipment, or professional expertise. In fact, evidence of such community-based support may lead the way to additional outside funding. While there are all kinds of foundation and corporate grants available throughout the country, it should be pointed out that competition for these funds is great, and, just as is the case in searching for Federal support, grantseekers enhance their chances for success by doing preliminary research to find grantmakers whose priorities and goals are consistent with their own. Grantmaking foundations are established with the express purpose of providing funds for projects in their areas of interest, and all must comply with specific Internal Revenue Service regulations to maintain their tax- exempt status. Every year, each must give away money equal to at least 5 percent of the market value of its assets, and each must make its tax records public. There are many different kinds of foundations, with widely varying resources and purposes. Some are national in scope; others are set up purely for the purpose of local giving. Some are endowed by an individual or family to provide funds for specific social, educational, or religious purposes; others are company-sponsored; still others are publicly supported community founda- tions. Because of this variety, different strategies may be required for dealing with different foundations. There are a few foundations which publicize their funding policies, and even initiate projects, but generally they do not. Usually, the grantseeker must take the first step and approach the foundation about his or her proposal. Although it is hard to generalize about founda- tions, they tend to be more flexible than Federal funding agencies and to have fewer bureaucratic requirements. Many foundations see their purpose as providing short-term, startup funding for demonstration projects. Frequently, such foundations are the best primary source to turn to for funding emergency situations or small, high-risk, innovative programs. In some cases, CRS-8 foundation officials will work closely with inexperienced grantseekers to help them develop realistic proposals. SOURCES OF INFORMATION The Foundation Center is an independent national service organization, which provides a clearinghouse of information on private philanthropic giving. In addition to its major reference collections in New York, Washington, DC, Cleveland, and San Francisco, it maintains a national network of cooperating collections in each State, all open to the public. A list of these collections is included in the CRS Info Pack 50G, "Grants and Foundation Support." The New York and Washington, DC, collections contain a complete set of all U.S. foundation tax returns, while many of the network members have sets of State and regional foundation tax returns. In addition, these collections offer grantseekers a variety of useful specialized materials and services. Major publications of the Foundation Center (described in greater detail in Info Pack 50G) are: Foundation Directory, which describes over 6,000 major foundations. The Directory is arranged by State. Entries include factual and financial data, statements of purpose and activities, types of support, limitations, application information, and names of donors, officers and trustees. Note: The Foundation Center will provide each congressional office with one free copy of the Foundation Directory. Foundation Grants Index, which lists grants awarded by selected foundations in the last year or two. The main listing of grants is arranged by State, with foundations in the State listed alphabetically. Entries include lists of grant recipients, giving the date, amount and purpose of each grant. In addition, for a fee, the Foundation Center offers computerized searches for information on foundation grants by subject and location. It is generally a good idea to start looking for foundations close to home; they may have a greater interest in local problems than do larger foundations principally concerned with programs of national significance. Foundation Center resources are a good starting point for identifying likely funding sources. The next step is to find out more about these foundations by obtaining copies of their annual reports and/or guidelines. Grantseekers will need to find out whether their projected proposals match the foundation's areas of interest and geographic guidelines, whether the proposal is within the foundation's budgetary constraints, and whether the foundation normally funds the type of project being considered. CRS-9 Direct corporate giving is another potential funding source not to be overlooked. Many corporations provide support for local projects in areas where they have their headquarters or plants, or sponsor projects which somehow enhance their corporate image. Information sources on direct corporate giving are also included in Info Pack 50G. ESTABLISHING AND MAINTAINING CONTACTS Most Federal agencies have two or three offices: a central office in Washington; a series of regional offices; and, in some cases, local or area offices. Each program in the Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance has a section on information contacts, either giving the name, address, and telephone number of the program officer, or referring applicants to the regional, State or local office of the agency. Addresses and telephone numbers for these offices are given in appendixes of the Catalog. Some agencies prefer that congressional offices not deal directly with program officers but channel their requests through congressional liaison offices. In either event, establishing a good relationship with the liaison staff is important; they are usually well informed and willing to share information with grants and projects staff. (CRS Report 89-551 PGM and House and Senate telephone directories list congressional liaison offices.) The liaison office may be willing to set up a tour of the agency for congressional staff so that they may become more familiar with the way the agency is organized and where responsibilities are assigned, as well as with published materials that may be available on various programs. State and district grants and projects staff usually work closely with Federal agency representatives in their areas, with State and local elected officials and former officials, and with councils of government. Many Federal programs are administered directly by State agencies or other entities within the State, and many states have programs funded out of their own appropriations which supplement or complement Federal programs. Local councils of government, where they exist, have access to Federal funds for providing technical assistance, guidance, and counseling in the grants process. Constituents are best served by being put in touch with program officers closest to them as early as possible. Congressional grants staff will also want to get to know the kinds and levels of private sector support that is available to their constituents. The copy of the Foundation Directory provided to congressional offices by the Foundation Center serves as a good introduction and gives names of individuals to contact. A congressional office that encourages cooperation among local organizations, foundations, units of government, and councils of government can serve as a catalyst for applicants by improving communications which may, in turn, enhance the chances for proposal approval. CRS-10 When congressional staff take the time to express appreciation for assistance provided by Federal personnel, foundation officials, and others involved in the grants process, they may possibly improve their chances for future assistance. WAYS CONGRESSIONAL GRANTS STAFF CAN ASSIST CONSTITUENTS GETTING INFORMATION TO CONSTITUENTS Basic information on Federal and private grants can be given to constituents by sending them the CRS Info Pack 50G "Grants and Foundation Support." Congressional offices may also prepare their own information packets on programs which are requested most frequently. Such packets could include program descriptions, brochures, the latest rules and regulations, changes in agency policy, application forms, etc. Newsletters are a good way of reaching a large number of people. A congressional office may decide to send out either a special grants and projects newsletter or include a section on grants and projects in their regular newsletter. Subjects that could be developed are new legislation, new appropriations, and descriptions of recently awarded grants. A congressional office may also choose to communicate with a more selected audience. Targeted mailings can inform interested constituents of Federal Register announcements of new programs in specific areas or changes in deadlines or regulations for existing programs. The office may wish to inform constituents of the possible impact of new legislative or executive actions which might revise existing programs, create new ones, or alter funding levels. Constituents can be informed of important dates and deadlines, and the advantages and limitations of various programs. They can also be made aware of community, State, or Federal officials who share common concerns. Another way of getting information to interested constituents is for a congressional office to coordinate seminars on Federal and private assistance. An office can sponsor programs bringing together Federal, State, and local officials, as well as academic and corporate specialists, experienced volunteers, and constituents working in the same area. Many agencies are willing to provide speakers for seminars arranged by congressional offices and also to provide such materials as brochures, sample proposals, and lists of information contacts. While well-planned balanced programs tailored to a particular audience can create good will, coordinating and following through on such meetings take a great deal of staff work and time. Such programs may also result in additional demands being made on an office. CRS-11 COUNSELING ON PROPOSAL WRITING Detailed information on proposal writing can be found in Info Pack 50G. While most congressional offices do not actually write proposals, they are frequently approached by inexperienced constituents seeking guidance on what makes a good proposal. They may wish to pass on the following suggestions: Allow sufficient time to prepare a thoroughly documented proposal, well before the application deadline. If possible, have someone outside the organization critique the proposal prior to submission. Follow the instructions given in the application form or in other material provided by the agency or foundation. Answer questions as asked. Be sure that the proposal is clear and brief. Avoid jargon. Take pains to make the proposal interesting. Reviewing panels have limited time to devote to any single proposal. Whenever possible, fit the style of the proposal to the style of the agency or foundation being approached. When no form or instructions for submitting grant proposals are provided, the proposal should include: A cover letter on the applicant's letterhead giving a brief description of the purpose and amount of the grant proposal, conveying the applicant's willingness to discuss the proposal in further detail. A half-page summary which includes identification of the applicant, the reasons for the request, proposed objectives and means to accomplish them, along with the total cost of the project, an indication of funds already obtained, and the amount being requested for this grant. An introduction, in which the history, credentials, and accomplishments of the applicant are presented briefly (supporting documents can be included in an appendix). A description of current conditions demonstrating the need for the proposed project. A statement of the project's objectives in specific, measurable terms. A description of the methods to be used to accomplish these objectives. A description of the means by which the project will be monitored and evaluated. A discussion of plans for continuing the project beyond the period covered by the grant. A detailed budget. CRS-12 FOLLOWING UP ON CONSTITUENTS' REQUESTS Once a proposal is submitted to a congressional office, an assessment of the stated problem should be made. First, this benefits the grantseeker, since any application for assistance will require that the problem be clearly stated and that the proposed solution provide some remedy. Secondly, this initial assessment can provide staff with a sense of direction: Are there other projects currently under way that address the problem? Is there an appropriate Federal program that is designed for such a project, or is the issue better addressed through local, State, or private organizations, or through legislation? Will the sought-after aid produce other problems for the community? What are its chances for success? The initial review of the request should also involve an assessment of the applicant. A formal grant proposal will require an applicant to establish credibility. Individuals connected with a proposal might mention education, training, and professional credentials. Credibility for an organization may be established by giving its history, goals, activities, and primary accomplishments, as well as by letters of support. By reviewing such information, a congressional office may avoid the hazard of offering support for a questionable applicant and may be in a better position to make decisions about support when several communities or organizations are applying for the same program -- will all be treated equally or will support be given to one applicant? A written request from a constituent should always be acknowledged. If the request is a fairly common one, the office may be able to respond with a prepared packet of materials on available programs. Another alternative would be to send a copy of the constituent's letter to the agency with a buck slip, and to inform the constituent that he or she will be hearing more from the office once the agency reports back. Another approach would be to call the agency contact. This procedure is generally more time consuming than a simple referral, but it is often more informative. The agency may provide facts about budget levels, authorizations and appropriations, the amount of money available for the program, the total amount requested in applications on file, the number of applications received, and the number likely to be approved, agency priorities, categories of competition or targets by region, key dates and deadlines, and information on who makes recommendations and decisions. If the constituent decides to submit a formal grant application for a particular program, the congressional office may recommend and/or arrange a meeting with agency offices in the district or State. Another way to get input from the agency early in the process is a pre-review of the application. Many agencies provide procedural review of proposals one or two months before the application deadline. Such a review, while not dealing with the substance of the proposal, allows an agency to inform the applicant of any technical problems or omissions to be corrected before the proposal is formally submitted. CRS-13 If the constituent notifies the congressional office that a proposal has been submitted, the office can send a letter to the agency expressing the Member's interest in being kept informed of developments relating to the application. In addition, the letter may also request a list of all applicants for the particular grant. This enables the office to consider initiating letters of support from the Member to those applicants in his or her State or district who did not approach the office prior to submission of their application. Whether the Member chooses to support a particular applicant or extends support to all applicants from the State or district, the office should maintain contact with all interested parties as it is notified of progress reports from agency contacts. ANNOUNCING GRANTS AWARDS While there is some variation, the usual announcement procedure in cases of allocated Federal funds is for the agency making the award to notify the Senate office first, then the House office, and finally the recipient. Not all awards are announced publicly. In the case of block grants, the Office of Management and Budget notifies Senate offices of the allocations among the States. The State's decision on how to distribute funds among local communities is, however, not necessarily communicated to congressional offices. In these cases, a good State agency contact may be willing to provide the office with this information. It is a good practice to discourage constituents from making requests that are unlikely to be approved at the Federal level and to suggest consideration of other funding sources early in the process. In cases where grant applications are made and turned down, the congressional office may notify constituents of their right to know why the award was not granted and what the appeals process is. Constituents may ask the agency for an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the proposal, or may give the agency permission to provide the congressional office with this information. Alternative programs or other approaches may be suggested following an adverse decision. The constituent might also decide to improve upon the initial application and start the whole process over again.