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Swearing-In of Dr. Healy, NIH Director 6/24/91 [OA 7564][1]
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26
21
4
7
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
June 24, 1991
REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT
AT SWEARING-IN CEREMONY OF
DR. BERNADINE HEALY AS NIH DIRECTOR
NIH Medical Center
Bethesda, Maryland
9:46 A.M. EDT
THE PRESIDENT: Thank you. It is nice to be back here at
NIH on this beautiful day. And may I salute Dr. Sullivan, a former
researcher and NIH grant recipient. And let me salute, Lou, what a
magnificent job you're doing as Secretary of HHS. It isn't easy, and
he's doing a first class job. (Applause.)
And over my right shoulder, Connie Horner, the Deputy
Secretary of HHS. And Dr. Mason, Assistant Secretary of HHS for
Health, a great member of this team. Dr. Healy, who we're out here
to honor and salute, whose career shows what scientist Louis Thomas
meant when he talked of the capacity to do something unique,
imaginative, useful and altogether right. I also would like to
single out Dr. Broder, the head of the Cancer Institute; my friend
Dr. Tony Fauci, the Director of the National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases. I think Congressman Early is with us.
Congresswoman Morella was to be. I haven't spotted her out there --
there she is, right here in the front row. (Laughter.) Art Modell
and so many others. Ladies and gentlemen.
Before we get into what I assure you will be mercifully
brief remarks, I do want to single out two people that came out here
with me from the White House -- one, my own doctor, Burt Lee, who
came to me and us from Memorial Sloan-Kettering in New York and who
is doing a superb job. And he keeps telling me and reminding me of
the fantastic asset that this country has in NIH. Burt Lee over here
-- Burt, stand up so they can see you. (Applause.) And with him Dr.
Allan Bromley, who is the head of our scientists. He's the top
scientist at the White House. Doesn't have much challenge for that
job, I might add -- (laughter) -- but nevertheless, it's through him
that I first saw Bernadine Healy in action. And he's doing a superb
job in many aspects of science. Allan, would you please stand up.
(Applause.)
And let me just say that I'm delighted to be with members
of the National Institutes of Health family on this very special day.
In becoming director of NIH, Dr. Healy not only joins a
long and noble tradition, she assumes a post from which she can help
us build a better, healthier, more prosperous America.
Let's consider results that the NIH has already achieved.
Growing in 104 years from a one-room laboratory on Staten Island to
an organization with 13 institutes, four centers and the National
Library of Medicine.
Before the turn of the century, the "microbe hunters" who
founded the NIH risked their lives to fight cholera and yellow fever.
And then in the '50s, Director James Shannon urged the nation to
spend money on research as well as on iron lungs to defeat the
scourge of polio.
NIH-supported research has led to some of the most
important biomedical advances of the past century in heart disease,
MORE
- 2 -
cancer and other disorders. And now we must build on these
beginnings. And that's why we have requested that the NIH's funding
for Fiscal '92 be increased to almost $9 billion -- the largest
increase ever requested by any President -- and we want to help you
lead us toward a new age of biotechnology.
Already, NIH-supported researchers have developed many of
the tools used in biotechnology. They created training and
education programs to enlarge the pool of talented researchers. And
here at NIH you know that education makes great futures possible.
Inspired scholarship has produced procedures and products that enable
us to live longer, more creative lives. And your labors will enrich
the next American century.
We know that biomedical research is a key to transforming
the practice of medicine. Today, for example, NIH supports work on
new drugs that can limit the damage from heart attacks, on techniques
for identifying hidden injuries by means of painless computerized
images of the body, on medicines to save victims of accidents from
permanent spinal cord injury.
These NIH initiatives reflect our commitment to
biomedical innovation. Our Council on Competitiveness is developing
recommendations for streamlining the drug approval process, cutting
regulations red tape so that healing drugs get to those who need
them. We're working to ensure that government-sponsored research and
private research will move more quickly into the marketplace.
I am proud of our commitment to cures that not even
Ripley would believe. Scientists have begun learning how to read the
human genome, building a body of knowledge that will be forever
useful. Researchers throughout our country work day and night to
create vaccines and other measures that prevent disease before it
strikes. These advances show as Emerson said, how "in the hands of
the discoverer, medicine becomes a heroic art."
still, heroism starts in the human heart. Each American
bears responsibility for doing whatever he or she can do to live a
long and healthy life. We know that we can keep people healthier by
preventing disease rather than by waiting to deal with disease or
illness after it sets in.
Americans need to drink less, smoke less and exercise
more. And they need to take preventive measures, such as getting
immunized early and regularly, to ensure future health. Unwise
decisions by the individual can undo the wisest government policy.
And, yes, we should and will commit government to further scientific
and biomedical advancement. But remember, without the individual our
nation cannot accomplish its goals. With the individual bent on
reducing risk factors, we can make America not only the world's
wealthiest nation, but its healthiest nation, too.
And in that spirit, I want to take this chance to praise
a national campaign that our administration has begun against infant
mortality. We know that good health requires the best possible start
in life, and so we've launched the Healthy Start Program -- a pilot
project that will bring early prenatal care to thousands of
low-income mothers while helping to identify which government
programs work best. We're also improving the health system of all
women by focusing on cancer, heart disease, osteoporosis and other
problems.
I know this is a very special interest of Dr. Healy's.
And let me also say how pleased I am that Dr. Healy has also begun a
major initiative for health by developing a strategic plan for NIH.
And last week, Secretary Sullivan announced a
reorganization plan that would bring three more institutes to the
NIH: The National Instititutes for Mental Health, Drug Abuse, and
Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. This plan will make it easier to find
ways to treat drug and alcohol abuse and to cure mental illness.
MORE
- 3 -
We want to expand drug and alcohol treatment research,
allowing the NIH to help eliminate the tragic health consequences of
unwise personal behavior. We've proposed an aggressive program of
prevention initiatives for infants, for children, for adults and for
the elderly. Such initiatives will promote a healthier America and
may help keep costs from spiraling further.
I challenge the biomedical and behavioral research
community to join this crusade. After all, we're talking, literally,
about the life of a nation. We're talking about our future and our
children's future.
Let me close with a story that typifies the dedication
of NIH researchers and staff, whom I salute today. It concerns a
woman who came up to the world-famous violinist, Fritz Kreisler,
after he just finished a concert. She said, "I'd give my life to
play as beautifully as you did." And Kreisler replied, "My dear
Madam, I did.'
Lives of dedication are exemplified here at NIH.
Buildings full of unsung heroes. Health care workers, grants
administrators, animal caretakers, laboratory technicians, support
staff, and the new Director -- all of you commit your professional
lives to the public and to the future.
The 12th century physician-philosopher, Maimonides, spoke
of medical practice inspired with soul and filled with understanding.
Dr. Healy, you bring to this office the inspiration, the soul and the
understanding necessary for building upon NIH's already sterling
legacy. May God bless you and our wonderful country, the United
States of America. And now, it is my honor to witness the formal
swearing-in of Dr. Bernadine Healy as the Director of the National
Institutes of Health. Thank you all very, very much. (Applause.)
(The oath is administered.) (Applause.)
END
9:59 A.M. EDT
18 June 1991
MEMORANDUM FOR CURT SMITH
FROM:
JENNIFER GROSSMAN
SUBJECT:
NIH REMARKS
Contents of file:
Draft remarks by Steve Olson in Bromley's office
Dr. Healy's statement before the Senate
Dr. Healy's bio
-past speeches (not much help) : Remarks at the Ribbon-Cutting
Ceremony for the Children's Inn at the NIH; Remarks to the AIDS
Research Staff at the NIH
DIRECTION:
1)
Dan Casse (Cabinet Affairs) : Event is Monday, there'll be a
public swearing in of Dr. Healy as Director of NIH, and then
remarks (10 mins?) on the subject of biomedical research.
See Steve's draft for the meat.
2)
Jim Friedman (Policy office at NIH) :
-- re. biomedical research: Sullivan has directed staff to
pinpoint a "scientific moonshot" and tentatively
attention is focusing around genetic research. We
might highlight this area of ongoing biomed research.
Friedman says genetic research is striving for ways to
treat literally thousands of genetically based diseases
-- from cystic fibrosis, to diabetes, to alcoholism.
He says research now stands at the threshold of
startling breakthroughs that will substantially affect
the future course of such diseases. Note: there is
some sensitivity as to the ethical, religious, or moral
questions that might be raised by such research (e.g.
will they try to replicate more members of
Speechwriting's fab Aryan tag team?) -- no need to
address these concerns directly, just be aware (the
world needs more Wares).
Also: Science education (Casse has signed off on our
tackling this if we want to). This is also one of
Healy's interests. The deal: the U.S. is the
preeminent biomedical research country in the world,
but we are being pushed on that by other countries. We
need more programs to turn young kids on to science.
As a nation, students are falling behind in math and
science. Moreover, we want the best and brightest
among our grads to consider medicine as an option.
NOTE:
Dan Casse said it's fine to go into these two
areas. I'm having people at NIH draft up some
language/talking points on these subjects so we
can know what the hell we're talking about.
3)
Dad's a friend of Healy's so I pumped him for his angle:
basically, he thinks she's a super lady and thinks she'll be
super for the job. Here's why: she's done spectacular
research into both clinical and basic science problems --
successfully spanning the gap between the two areas of
investigation. As director of NIH, she'll be overseeing
diverse fields of medical research, and therefore will need
a perspective that is able to integrate and foster these
various research areas simultaneously.
He also said she has been deeply involved with medical
education. She has demonstrated her concern over declining
enrollment rates in medical schools in general, and falling
numbers of individuals choosing biomedical research as their
field in particular. Dad said her work has embodied a
belief in "service to humanity and the advancement of
knowledge. "
QUOTES:
1)
"In the hands of the discoverer, medicine becomes a heroic
art "
-Ralph Waldo Emerson, Uncollected Lectures,
"Resources."
2)
"Medical practice is not knitting and weaving and the labor
of the hands, but it must be inspired with soul and be
filled with understanding and equipped with the gift of keen
observation "
--Maimonides (1135-1204)
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES
Office of the Secretary
EXPLAN
3
INTERVATOR
Washington, D.C. 20201
FACSIMILE
PLEASE NOTIFY OR HAND-CARRY
THIS TRANSMISSION TO THE
FOLLOWING PERSON AS SOON AS
POSSIBLE:
Name:
Jennifer Grossma
Address:
1112 Speechwriting
Telephone:
Number of pages being transmitted (Including this one)
3
Cluris Molineary
FROM:
FAX NUMBER: (202) 245-5673
OFFICE NUMBER: (202) 245-1850
101
Na 62:90 16 02 90
TALKING POINTS - NATIONAL COMMISSION ON CHILDREN REPORT
The National Commission on Children has developed a
bipartisan o report which confirms the long-held belief of the Bush
Administration that most American children are healthy, happy,
and secure; and that values such as integrity, service to others,
and the strength of the family are becoming increasingly
important to the well-being of our country's youth.
The Commission stresses that the key to a positive effect on
o the health and well-being of America's children lies in the
strengthening and support of the family and community.
The Commission recognizes that personal responsibility as
well o as a proper moral climate and family structure are vital to
shield our children from a variety of risks.
Consensus was reached primarily on moral climate and the
O importance of the family -- the two-parent family offering the
best environment for a child.
0
The Commission also endorsed education choice within the
public schools along with a statement that a minority of
Commissioners would extend such a choice proposal to include
private schools as well.
o
Like the Pepper Commission, which Senator Rockefeller also
chaired, massive program expansions are proposed without any
consensus on where the money will be found. As usual, the
financing strategies revolve around major undefined tax
increases.
o care. The majority health report is indistinguishable from the
The sharpest disagreements were over the chapter on health
Pepper Commission Report and Senator Mitchell's recently released
plan -- both of which have been widely criticized. The
Republican members found it necessary to submit a minority health
chapter.
o
A $1,000 per child tax credit is proposed as a replacement
for the current standard deduction. The Commission estimates
that this credit will cost $40 billion a year. The
administration supports the goal of enhancing credits for
families with young children - but this proposal is poorly
targeted and does not foster fairness in tax benefits. The
Commission's credit is not limited by income, but provides a
large windfall to all parents -- regardless of income.
o
The 1991 Bipartisan Budget Agreement -- at the urging of the
Administration -- contained $26 billion in tax credits for low
income families with children. This expansion of the earned
income tax credit provides real assistance where it is needed --
to low income working families with children. The Commission's
PO2
WI 68:90
16 '02'90
-2-
proposal fails to fairly target that assistance, or to suggest a
way to fund new expansions.
billion o in voucherable child care assistance -- again targeted at
Last year's agreement further assisted children with $4
low income families.
The Commission has reaffirmed and, in affect, endorsed the
Administration's o pro-family policies, as well as large budgetary
increases proposed by the Bush Administration since 1990 for:
Women's Infants and Children's program (WIC), $447 million
child Nutrition $1.18 billion
Infant mortality, $3.8 billion
Head Start, $500 million
Compensatory Education, $1.05 billion
Child Care Block Grant, $1.5 billion; and
Immunizations, $71 million
Overall spending on children increased form 863.6 billion in 1991
to $86.8 billion in 1992 (+32%) 111
POS
WA 16'05'90
Services of Mead Data Central, Inc.
PAGE
1
27 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 592
levels have been working together with health care providers and other concerned
Americans to help expectant mothers protect the lives of their unborn children
through proper nutrition and prenatal care.
Advances in science and technology have enabled us to see how such behaviors
as substance abuse and smoking can lead to low birth weights, disability,
chronic illness, and early susceptibility to death among infants. Advances in
science have also enabled us to save the lives of babies who are born
prematurely or who develop dangerous conditions while still in the womb. In an
effort to bring this information to pregnant women and to cut existing rates of
infant mortality by half in 10 high-risk areas within 5 years, we have launched
a national campaign against infant mortality. This includes the " Healthy
Start" program, a pilot project that will bring early prenatal care to
thousands of low-income mothers while helping to identify which government
programs work best.
Each and every human life is precious, and everyone deserves care and
protection. On this occasion let us renew our determination to ensure that
every child in America receives the best possible start in life, beginning with
quality prenatal care throughout pregnancy for expectant mothers.
The Congress, by House Joint Resolution 194, had designated May 12, 1991, as
LEXIS' NEXIS LEXIS'NEXIS
(Smith/Grossman)
June 20, 1991
Draft Four
NIH
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: NIH ADDRESS
MONDAY, JUNE 24, 1991
BETHESDA, MARYLAND
Dr. Louis Sullivan, a former researcher and NIH-grant
recipient -- and let me salute what a magnificent job you are
doing as Secretary of Health and Human Services. / Mrs.
Constance Horner, Deputy Secretary of HHS. / Dr. Jim Mason,
Assistant Secretary of HHS for Health. / A great member of this
team -- Dr. [Bernadine] Healy -- whose career shows what
scientist Lewis Thomas meant when he talked of "the capacity to
do something unique, imaginative, useful and altogether right. " /
Ladies and gentlemen, friends. //
I am delighted to be with members of the National Institutes
of Health family on a very special day. In becoming director of
the NIH, Dr. Healy not only joins a long and noble tradition --
she assumes a post from which she can help us build a better,
healthier, more prosperous America. //
Let us consider results the NIH has already achieved --
growing in 104 years from a one-room laboratory on Staten Island
to an organization with 13 institutes, four centers, and the
National Library of Medicine.
Before the turn of the century, the "microbe hunters" who
founded the NIH risked their lives to fight cholera and yellow
fever.
Z
2
In the 1950s, Director James Shannon urged the nation to
spend money on research as well as on iron lungs to defeat the
scourge of polio. /
NIH-supported research has led to some of the most important
biomedical advances of the past century -- in heart disease /
cancer / and other disorders. //
Now, we must build on these beginnings. That is why we have
requested that the NIH's funding for FY '92 be increased to
almost $9 billion -- the largest increase ever requested by any
president. We want to help you lead us toward a new age of
biotechnology. Already, NIH-supported researchers have developed
many of the tools used in biotechnology. They have created
training and education programs to enlarge the pool of talented
researchers. //
Here at the NIH, you know that education makes great futures
possible. Inspired scholarship has produced procedures and
products that enable us to live longer, more creative lives.
Your labors will enrich the next American Century. //
We know that biomedical research is a key to transforming
the practice of medicine. Today, for example, NIH-supported
researchers are working to develop gene therapies, to create
synthetic drugs designed by supercomputers, and to pioneer new
cancer treatments. / NIH supports work on new drugs that can
limit the damage from heart attacks / on techniques for
identifying hidden injuries by means of painless computerized
1
3
images of the body / on medicines to save victims of accidents
from permanent spinal cord injury. //
These NIH initiatives reflect our commitment to biomedical
innovation. Our Council on Competitiveness is developing
recommendations for streamlining the drug approval process --
cutting regulation's red tape so that healing drugs get to those
who need them. // We're working to ensure that government-
sponsored research -- and private research -- will make its way
more quickly into the marketplace. //
I am proud of our commitment to cures that even Ripley would
not believe. Scientists have begun learning how to read the
human genome [GEE nome] -- building a body of knowledge that will
be forever useful. Researchers throughout our country work day
and night to create vaccines -- and other measures -- that
prevent disease before it strikes. // These advances show, as
Emerson said, how "in the hands of the discoverer, medicine
becomes a heroic art."
Still, heroism starts in the human heart. Each American
bears responsibility for doing whatever he or she can do to live
a long and healthy life. // Our Administration's health-care
reform includes reliance as well on solid research and individual
responsibility. // We know that we can keep people healthier by
preventing disease -- rather than by waiting to deal with disease
or illness after it sets in.
Americans need to watch their behaviors related to alcohol
consumption, exercise, smoking and other health preventive
4
measures such as getting immunization shots regularly. Unwise
decisions by the individual can undo the wisest government
policy. // Yes, we should -- and will -- commit government to
further scientific and biomedical advancement. // But remember:
Without the individual, government can do nothing. With the
individual bent on reducing risk factors -- we can make America
not only the world's wealthiest Nation -- but its healthiest
Nation, too. //
In that spirit, I want to take this chance to praise the
National Commission on Children, which today released a
bipartisan report confirming our Administration's belief that
most American kids are healthy, happy, and secure. / This report
says that our kids' well-being evolves in part from such factors
as integrity, community service, and the strength of the family.
/
We also know that good health requires the best possible start
in life. So our Administration has launched a national campaign
against infant mortality. This includes the "Healthy Start"
program which will bring early prenatal care to thousands of low-
income mothers. //
We are interested in the good health of all women. So we
are improving the health of women by focusing on cancer, heart
disease, osteoporosis, and other problems -- I know this is a
special interest of Dr. Healy's. / Let me also say how pleased I
am that Dr. Healy has also begun a major initiative for health by
developing a strategic plan for NIH. / And last week, Secretary
Sullivan announced a reorganization plan that would bring three
5
more institutes to the NIH -- the national institutes for mental
health, drug abuse, and alcohol abuse and alcoholism. This plan
would expand the NIH's scientific mission to find ways to treat
drug and alcohol abuse and cure mental illness. //
Expanding the role of drug and alcohol treatment research
here will allow the NIH to deal with the most important health
challenge we face -- personal behavior that can have tragic
health consequences. / We have proposed an aggressive program of
prevention initiatives -- for infants, for children, for adults,
and for the elderly. Such initiatives will promote a healthier
America and may help keep costs from spiralling further. //
I challenge the biomedical and behavioral research community
to join this crusade. After all, we're talking -- literally --
about the life of a nation. We're talking about our future and
our children's future. //
Let me close with a story that typifies the dedication of
NIH researchers and staff. It concerns a woman who came up to
the world-famous violinist, Fritz Kreisler [CRY slur], after a
concert.
"I'd give my life to play as beautifully as you did!" the
woman said. /
Kreisler replied, "My dear madam, I did. " //
Lives of dedication are exemplified here at NIH. The
scientists, health care workers, grants administrators, animal
caretakers, laboratory technicians, support staff, and the new
6
director -- all of you commit your professional lives to the
public / and to the future. //
The 12th-century physician-philosopher, Maimonides, spoke of
"medical practice
inspired with soul and
filled with
understanding. " // Dr. Healy, you bring to this office the
inspiration, the soul and the understanding necessary for
building upon NIH's stirring legacy. / God bless you and our
wonderful country -- the United States of America.
It is now my honor to witness the swearing-in of Dr.
Bernadine Healy as the Director of the National Institutes of
Health.
#
#
#
#
(Smith/Grossman)
June 20, 1991
Draft Four
NIH
X Mrs.
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: NIH ADDRESS
Sage BHS
MONDAY, JUNE 24, 1991 10:Am
BETHESDA, MARYLAND
10AM telephoneted 500 NIH enp loyes,
researche
Dr. Louis Sullivan, a former researcher and NIH-grant
recipient -- and let me salute what a magnificent job you are
doing as Secretary of Health and Human Services.
Dr. Jim
Mason, Assistant Secretary of HHS for Health. / A great member
of this team -- Dr. [Bernadine] Healy -- whose career shows what
scientist Lewis Thomas meant when he talked of "the capacity to
do something unique, imaginative, useful and altogether right. " /
Ladies and gentlemen, friends. //
I am delighted to be with members of the National Institutes
of Health family on a very special day. In becoming director of
the NIH, Dr. Healy not only joins a long and noble tradition --
she assumes a post from which she can help us build a better,
healthier, more prosperous America. //
Let us consider results the NIH has already achieved --
growing in 104 years from a one-room laboratory on Staten Island
to an organization with 13 institutes, four centers, and the
National Library of Medicine.
Before the turn of the century, the "microbe hunters" who
founded the NIH risked their lives to fight cholera and yellow
fever.
2
In the 1950s, Director James Shannon urged the nation to
spend money on research as well as on iron lungs to defeat the
scourge of polio. /
NIH-supported research has led to some of the most important
biomedical advances of the past century -- in heart disease /
cancer / and other disorders. //
Now, we must build on these beginnings. Today, you help
lead us toward a new age of biotechnology. NIH-supported
researchers have developed many of the tools used in
biotechnology. They have created training and education programs
to enlarge the pool of talented researchers. //
Here at the NIH, you know that education makes great futures
requested an in
possible. That is why we have ^increased the NIH's funding for FY
- biggest increase a NIH funcy eve reflested
'92 to almost $9 billion. We want inspired scholarship to
produce procedures and products that enable us to live longer,
more creative lives. We want your labors to enrich the next
American Century. //
We know that biomedical research is a key to transforming
the practice of medicine. Today, for example, NIH-supported
researchers are working to develop gene therapies, to create
synthetic drugs designed by supercomputers, and to pioneer new
cancer treatments. / NIH supports work on new drugs that can
limit the damage from heart attacks / on techniques for
identifying hidden injuries by means of painless computerized
images of the body / on medicines to save victims of accidents
from permanent spinal cord injury. //
3
These NIH initiatives reflect our commitment to biomedical
innovation. Our Council on Competitiveness is developing
recommendations for streamlining the drug approval process --
cutting regulation's red tape so that healing drugs get to those
who need them. // We're working to ensure that government-
sponsored research -- and private research -- will make its way
more quickly into the marketplace. //
I am proud of our commitment to cures that even Ripley would
not believe. Scientists have begun learning how to read the
human genome [GEE nome] -- building a body of knowledge that will
be forever useful. Researchers throughout our country work day
and night to create vaccines -- and other measures -- that
prevent disease before it strikes. // These advances show, as
Emerson said, how "in the hands of the discoverer, medicine
becomes a heroic art."
Still, heroism starts in the human heart. Each American
bears responsibility for doing whatever he or she can do to live
a long and healthy life. // Our Administration's health-care
reform includes reliance as well on solid research and individual
responsibility. // We know that we can keep people healthier by
preventing disease -- rathern than by waiting to deal with
disease or illness after it sets in.
Americans need to watch their behaviors related to alcohol
consumption, exercise, smoking and other health preventive
measures such as getting immunization shots regularly. Unwise
4
decisions by the individual can undo the wisest government
policy. //
Yes, we must -- and are -- improving the health of women by
focusing on cancer, heart disease, osteoporosis, and other
problems -- I know this is a special interest of Dr. Healy's. /
Yes, we should -- and will -- commit government to further
scientific and biomedical advancement. // But remember: Without
the individual, government can do nothing. With the individual
bent on reducing risk factors -- we can make America not only the
world's wealthiest Nation -- but its healthiest Nation, too. //
In that spirit, I was pleased to learn that Dr. Healy has
begun a major initiative -- developing a strategic plan for NIH.
/
And last week, Secretary Sullivan announced a reorganization
plan that would bring three more institutes to the NIH -- the
national institutes for mental health, drug abuse, and alcohol
abuse and alcoholism. This plan would expand the NIH's
scientific mission to find ways to treat drug and alcohol abuse
and cure mental illness. //
Expanding the role of drug and alcohol treatment research
here will allow the NIH to deal with the most important health
challenge we face -- personal behavior that can have tragic
health consequences. / We have proposed an aggressive program of
prevention initiatives -- for infants, for children, for adults,
and for the elderly. Such initiatives will promote a healthier
America and may help keep costs from spiralling further. //
5
I challenge the biomedical and behavioral research community
to join this crusade. After all, we're talking -- literally --
about the life of a nation. We're talking about our future and
our children's future. //
Let me close with a story that typifies the dedication of
NIH researchers and staff. It concerns a woman who came up to
the world-famous violinist, Fritz Kreisler [CRY slur], after a
concert.
"I'd give my life to play as beautifully as you did!" the
woman said. /
Kreisler replied, "My dear madam, I did. " //
Lives of dedication are exemplified here at NIH. The
scientists, health care workers, grants administrators, animal
caretakers, laboratory technicians, support staff, and the new
director -- all of you commit your professional lives to the
public / and to the future. //
The 12th-century physician-philosopher, Maimonides, spoke of
"medical practice
inspired with soul and
filled with
understanding. " // Dr. Healy, you bring to this office the
inspiration, the soul and the understanding necessary for
building upon NIH's stirring legacy. / God bless you and our
wonderful country -- the United States of America.
It is now my honor to witness the swearing-in of Dr.
Bernadine Healy as the Director of the National Institutes of
Health.
#
#
#
#
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Post-It™ brand fax transmittal memo 7671
# of pages 6
To
Steve Olson
From
Tom Flavin
Co. OSTP
Co. Phone # NIH
Dept.
496-4713
Fax # 202-395-3261
Fax
301-496-0017
STATEMENT OF BERNADINE F. HEALY, M.D.
NOMINEE AS DIRECTOR
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH
BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON LABOR AND HUMAN RESOURCES
THE UNITED STATES SENATE
MARCH 14, 1991
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biologist?
Mr. Chairman and Members of the Committee:
The NIH is a national treasure. The philosopher-essayist of
modern medicine, Lewis Thomas, put it well: As institutions for
human betterment go, NIH "is a standing proof that, at least once
in a while, government possesses the capacity to do something
unique, imaginative, useful and altogether right."
The NIH has been driven these past 100 years by the mission
to acquire new knowledge of human disease, and to do so for the
betterment of all our citizens. With that mandate the NIH has
nourished a science base that reaches out to more than 1700
universities and research institutions, and enlists the labors of
more than 100,000 people working at some level on the many NIH
funded activities. The strong federal support of biomedical
research through the NIH system has enabled science to flourish
largely unfettered, has promoted diversity of ideas, and has
fostered healthy competition and necessary cooperation. This has
been done largely by allowing the many research institutions
inside and outside of government to develop their own systems and
internal standards, to exercise their own good scientific taste
in people, and to define their own scope and approaches to
research in support of the health mission.
In my professional life I have been privileged to experience
directly the strength of this great diversity nourished by NIH.
I have been involved with Harvard, first as a medical student and
3. HEALY
presently as an Overseer. For many years I was fortunate to be
BACKROUND
a part of Johns Hopkins as a scientist, a clinician and a
professor of medicine. Most recently I have had the challenge of
leading the expansion of the Research Institute of the Cleveland
Clinic Foundation which has included the development of
successful new programs in molecular and cell biology, protein
chemistry and bioengineering, all targeted to major diseases.
With these experiences I have seen how effectively the NIH can
marshall the strengths and talents of many excellent but diverse
institutions with quite different cultures for a common goal.
This powerful national network performing biomedical
research has been developed under the watchful eye of the
President and the Congress. And this development comes with full
realization that the medical research we enjoy today has been
built by public money and is fully accountable to the public. As
the master craftsman of U.S. science policy, Vannevar Bush, wrote
over 40 years ago, science cannot live by and unto itself alone.
with this magnificent model of scientific pursuit, our
biomedical research enterprise has become an unrivalled success,
the envy of the world, and a source of hope for every American
who has ever been touched themselves or through their loved ones
by the starkness and pain of illness
and that is virtually
every one of us.
1
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use Swte"
If you were to ask me what is the real secret to the great
success of biomedicine, the answer would be very simple namely,
the gifted, talented and creative people who have been attracted,
nurtured, challenged and rewarded by this uniquely American
biomedical research enterprise.
But here too lies our vulnerability: "Nothing can fail like
success." There is currently a widespread perception that
biomedical research is at risk for failing, and failing in
flames. You have heard these concerns in testimony this past
year as never before. The science community is demoralized, and
their moans are frightening off the young. There is discord on
many university campuses where working scientists are pitted
against administrators, basic scientists against clinical
scientists, and even the Institute of Medicine is battling with
Foundation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
(FASEB). Added to this discord, "scientist bashing" has become a
favored pastime, and the public can only be dismayed by the
reports of scientific misconduct, deceptions, conflicts of
interest, and failure to deliver on time.
Things are so bad, some have said that they couldn't even
get a man to be NIH director.
With this state of affairs I come before you with both pride
and humility as the nominee of President Bush and Secretary
Sullivan to assume the directorship of the National Institutes of
Health. And, despite the problems, I come before you with a
tempered sense of optimism that this is not only a job enormously
worth doing, but also one that can be done. But a lot needs to
be done
and no one woman, or man for that matter, will be able
to do it right without a lot of support -- support from the
Congress, the White House, the Secretary who has a major
commitment to NIH; support from the research institutions, from
the working scientists, and importantly, from the public. The
public has to rediscover the NIH in its splendor and not take
what it brings to them for granted; the biomedical researchers
must regain faith in a system in which excellent research will be
supported; our research institutions must thrive but recognize
that they too must be fully accountable; and the Federal
government and its many participants, at either end of
Pennsylvania Avenue and in Bethesda, must be wise and steady in
their judgments on behalf of the NIH, for now and for the future.
We must start with a framework, an articulation of
principles that we all can agree on, as we plot a strategy for
success of the NIH. without going into great detail, and mindful
of the magnitude of the issues that will not be served by
oversimplification, let me list a few guide posts as I now see
them.
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The first and foremost priority for a successful NIH is its
human talent base. The quality of our science is no better than
the quality of our scientists. We have an obligation to nourish
that talent base not because they are entitled to it or because
they always behave so well, but because it is the only way to
fulfill our goals for a healthier world. There was a lesson for
science in the play Amadeus. We saw the magical, brilliant,
gifted Mozart creating masterpieces, his genius effortless; but
we saw him also as difficult, childish, nasty, and
unconventional. His rival Antonio Salieri was a much easier-
going fellow, talented in a workmanlike way and popular at court;
he would likely have fared better than Mozart in today's
equivalent of a peer review system. But if medicine is to
succeed, the Mozarts must be allowed to flourish. Our talent
base must be diverse. Energetic and irreverent youth must thrive
along with the older and wiser heads. since science is all about
brainpower, not brawn or pedigree, it must attract gifted
individuals of all types. Talented women and minorities should
view careers in biomedical research as the essence of equal
opportunity, not just because that is proper, moral and legal,
but because science needs their brains, their perspectives, and
their contributions.
The talent base for biomedical research must also be
multidisciplinary. The clinical investigator is as important to
our goals as is the basic scientist. The newly discovered
molecule must have a meaning which is learned by the physiologist
or pathologist and put to good use at the bedside by the clinical
scientist. Epidemiology, biostatistics, bioengineering, and
biobehavior are as important as biochemistry and molecular
Relativism,
biology, and vice versa.
The hub of the research system is its scientists, but the
support systems surrounding them must also be kept healthy. As
in any enterprise, financial underpinnings must be reasonably
stable. Financial stability means not just having money, but how
wisely and well that money is spent. 1 believe the cost
management plan being developed by NIH under Congressional
mandate is extremely important and may need to go even further
than what has been outlined so far.
Peer review is another support system that must be healthy.
We have appropriately delegated to peer review most of the
authority for the selection of the scientists who will succeed.
We must be sure that peer review is above reproach, without
conflict of interest, including competitor interest, always
objective and fair, and also sufficiently wise so that the
unconventional Mozarts fare as well as the journeymen Salieris.
Biomedical researchers about 95% of them work in
nonfederal employment, and are dispersed within the diverse and
BIO MED
varied network of universities, colleges, research institutes,
3
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and industrial laboratories. The health of these institutions
ultimately determines the health of scientists, the quality of
their work, and the generation of future talent. Virtually all
federal policies that affect the biomedical research enterprise--
whether dollars, directives, guidelines, or laws--have an impact
on the institutions conducting research and teaching. These
institutions must be partners in the policy-setting dialogue.
I have focused on the scientific talent base the human
talent factor. But there is another human factor which is every
bit as important
that is the public factor. Whatever we do in
science is ultimately in the context of society; whatever we do
in biomedical research must be in the interest of the public.
With this perspective, we might list some public interest
principles,
The first is long-term planning. As a mature agency, NIH
needs a long-term plan that lives beyond immediate interests.
Its priorities must be identified, its attainable goals defined,
and both must be sensitive to changing public need. NIH is as
much about today as it is an investment in the patients of
tomorrow. A long-term plan also imparts a needed stability and
predictability to the enterprise.
A second public interest principle is that the NIH be a
leader in areas of public trust. We must be aggressive in
promoting good scientific conduct and in dealing with problems of
scientific misconduct. This emphasis is not because the problems
are so widespread, but more because just a few visible problems
can erode the public trust for the entire enterprise. The NIH
must also vigorously lead in setting research priorities in the
interest of the public. For the most part, NIH has done this
well, often with some nudging from the Congress. One salient
example of where NIH needs to be better is in the area of
research on women's health. This is an area of particular
interest to me and also, as you know, to Secretary Sullivan.
Women's health research has been neglected in many areas and at
times outright disregarded. That is changing, in part because it
was truly embarrassing to many when it finally caught their
attention, but mainly because it is the right thing to do
scientifically and is in the public interest.
A third public interest principle is technology transfer.
If we are ever to realize the mission of NIH, technology transfer
must work. The discoveries of the laboratory must be carried to
the bedside, and the development of new drugs, devices, and
diagnostic tests needs to be done in partnership with industry.
The Federal government has developed a strong legislative
portfolio over the past decade to foster that transfer. As in
any new venture, the implementation has uncovered some real or
perceived problems with the partnerships and their incentives.
But those difficulties are not a reason to walk away from a
4
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principle of great social value; they provide an impetus to
develop carefully crafted guidelines to help industry, academia
and government work together for the right reasons and not be
tarnished by even the hint of wrong ones.
A final public interest principle that I would like to
articulate is one that concerns the interface of science and
social policy. I firmly believe that much of the success of
science in this country is that it has largely been nonpolitical
and nonpartisan. It has been allowed to thrive by the objective
pursuit of truth. That must continue. But there are
circumstances that arise where the moral or ethical concerns of
the society may appear to collide with the pursuit of science.
History has shown us that most often, science proceeds but within
a certain framework defined by public interest. This is the
history of recombinant DNA research and the oversight of the NIH
recombinant DNA committees. This is the history of institutional
review boards for overseeing any medical research which involves
human subjects. This is the history of guidelines for the humane
treatment of animals in research, and the creation of animal care
committees. The same principle underlies the plans of the human
genome project to invest part of its resources into studies of
the ethical implications of knowing a person's genetic makeup.
As we move ahead, these approaches should serve as models for
assuring the public that science indeed does not live by and unto
itself alone, but in the service of man and womankind.
Allow me to close with a personal anecdote. I happen to be
a student of taxicab driver wisdom. A few years ago I was in a
cab from Laguardia Airport enroute to a cardiology meeting in New
York. As we were coming to the Queensboro Bridge in Long Island
are
City, I mentioned to the driver that I had grown up only a few
blocks from that very bridge in a little Italian neighborhood.
When I got off in downtown Manhattan near the meeting, the cab
driver turned around and very sweetly said, "Hey doc, don't ever
forget where ya come from." As I look to directing the NIH, I
plan not to forget. I come from a world of hard-working
biomedical scientists; men and women who are intent, dedicated,
sometimes failing, often succeeding, but always caring very much
about their life's work. But I also come from the bedside. I
have shared the pain of disease, the struggle of recovery, and
the finality of death with my patients and with their families.
I hope never to forget that I am still working for them.
Thank you, Mr. Chairman and Members of the Committee for
hearing me today. I will be pleased to answer any questions you
may have.
5
Ref.
PN6081
m29a
WH
THE MACMILLAN
DICTIONARY
OF QUOTATIONS
MACMILLAN PUBLISHING COMPANY New York
MEDICINE
357
say that 'I see what I eat' is the
6 Media is a word that has come to
office of medicine is but to tune this
same thing as 'I eat what I see!"
mean bad journalism.
curious harp of man's body and to
toline
Lewis Carroll (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson;
Graham Greene (1904 ) British novelist.
reduce it to harmony.
1832-98) British writer. Alice's Adventures in
Ways of Escape
Francis Bacon The Advancement of Learning,
Wonderland, Ch. 7
Bk. II
7 If, sir, I possessed the power of
y our
2 Take care of the sense, and the
conveying unlimited sexual attraction
8 Medicine is a science which hath
tinue
is of
sounds will take care of themselves.
through the potency of my voice, I
been, as we have said, more
would not be reduced to accepting a
professed than laboured, and yet
Lewis Carroll Alice's Adventures in Wonder-
land, Ch. 9
miserable pittance from the BBC
more laboured than advanced; the
804-69)
for interviewing a faded female in a
labour having been, in my
3 'When I use a word,' Humpty
damp basement.
judgment, rather in a circle than in
said 'I
Dumpty said in rather a scornful
Gilbert Harding (1907-60) British broadcast-
progression.
tone, 'it means just what I choose it
er. Said to Mae West's manager, who sug-
Francis Bacon Advancement of Learning, Bk.
i. But I
to mean - neither more nor less.'
gested that he should be more 'sexy' when
II
at my
interviewing her. Gilbert Harding by His Friends
Lewis Carroll Through the Looking-Glass,
9 The prime goal is to alleviate
Ch. 6
writer,
8 The gift of broadcasting is, without
suffering, and not to prolong life.
BC Radio
question, the lowest human capacity
And if your treatment does not
4 Where in this small-talking world
to which any man could attain.
alleviate suffering, but only prolongs
can I find
Sir Harold Nicolson (1886-1968) British writ-
life, that treatment should be
A longitude with no platitude?
er and politician. The Observer, 5 Jan 1947
stopped.
Christopher Fry (1907 ) British dramatist.
Christian Barnard (1922- ) South African
list and
The Lady's Not for Burning, III
MEDICINE
surgeon.
ing in
5 The least of things with a meaning
See also doctors, health, illness, nurses, remedies
10 With certain limited exceptions, the
is worth more in life than the
laws of physical science are positive
raction
1 Nature, time and patience are the
greatest of things without it.
and absolute, both in their
of what
three great physicians.
Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961) Swiss psycho-
aggregate, and in their elements -
Bulgarian proverb
analyst. Modern Man in Search of a Soul
in their sum, and in their details;
ish philoso-
2 Medicine can only cure curable
but the ascertainable laws of the
MEDIA
diseases, and then not always.
science of life are approximative
Chinese proverb
only, and not absolute.
Elisha Bartlett (1804-55) Philosophy of Medi-
1 A spirit of national masochism
3 Dermatology is the best speciality.
cal Science, Pt. II, Ch. 2
prevails, encouraged by an effete
The patient never dies - and never
corps of impudent snobs who
gets well.
11 Of all the lessons which a young
characterize themselves as
Anonymous
man entering upon the profession of
intellectuals.
medicine needs to learn, this is
fused,
Spiro T. Agnew (1918- ) US Republican pol-
4 If every man would mend a man,
perhaps the first - that he should
:wenty-
itician. Speech, New Orleans, 19 Oct 1969
then all the world would be
resist the fascination of doctrines
nt,
mended.
and hypotheses till he has won the
At
2 In the United States today we have
Anonymous
privilege of such studies by honest
'sed,
more than our share of the
labor and faithful pursuit of real and
) would
nattering nabobs of negativism.
5 If I were summing up the qualities
useful knowledge.
is only
They have formed their own 4-H
of a good teacher of medicine, I
William Beaumont (1785-1853) US physician.
would enumerate human sympathy,
Club - the 'hopeless, hysterical
Notebook
moral and intellectual integrity,
cartoonist,
hypochondriacs of history.'
1974
enthusiasm, and ability to talk, in
12 Medicine is like a woman who
Spiro T. Agnew Speech, San Diego, 11 Sept
addition, of course, to knowledge of
changes with the fashions.
1970
will
his subject.
August Bier (1861-1949) Aphorism
d at
3 An everyday story of country folk.
Anonymous
13 GRAVE, n. A place in which the dead
Anonymous Introductory announcement.
6 The deficiencies which I think good
are laid to await the coming of the
scientist and
The Archers, BBC radio series
to note
I will enumerate
medical student.
The first is the discontinuance of
Ambrose Bierce (1842-c. 1914) US writer
4 Broadcasting is really too important
the ancient and serious diligence of
and journalist. The Devil's Dictionary
to be left to the broadcasters and
Hippocrates, which used to set
somehow we must find some new
14 HOMEOPATHY, n. A school of
down a narrative of the special
way of using radio and television to
cases of his patients, and how they
medicine midway between Allopathy
allow us to talk to each other.
and Christian Science. To the last
you
proceeded, and how they were
nt on. 'I
Anthony Wedgwood Benn (1925- ) British
both the others are distinctly
judged by recovery or death.
t least -
Labour politician. Speech, C. 1970
inferior, for Christian Science will
Francis Bacon (1561 English philoso-
- that's
pher, lawyer, and politician. The Advancement of
cure imaginary diseases, and they
5 The wriggling ponces of the spoken
Learning, Bk. II
can not.
word.
said the
Ambrose Bierce The Devil's Dictionary
st as well
D. G. Bridson (?-1980) British radio produc-
7 The poets did well to conjoin Music
er. Referring to disc jockeys. Attrib.
and Medicine in Apollo: because the
15 Every hospital should have a plaque
358
MEDICINE
in the physicians' and students'
24 Nature heals, under the auspices of
36 Solving the mysteries of heaven has
ar
entrances: "There are some patients
the medical profession.
not given birth to as many abortive
m
whom we cannot help, there are
Haven Emerson (1874-1957) Lecture
findings as has the quest into the
fo
none whom we cannot harm.'
mysteries of the human body. When
be
25 To a physician, each man, each
Arthur L. Bloomfield (1888-1962) Personal
you think of yourselves as
H
woman, is an amplification of one
scientists, I want you always to
ph
communication after iatrogenic tragedy,
c. 1930-36
organ.
remember everything you learn
Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-82) US poet
38 L
from me will probably be regarded
16 Medicine
the only profession
and essayist. Bartlett's Unfamiliar Quotations
tomorrow as the naive confusions of
01
(Leonard Louis Levinson)
tr
that labours incessantly to destroy
a pack of medical aborigines.
pl
the reason for its own existence.
26 Homeopathy is insignificant as an
Despite all our toil and progress,
to
Sir James Bryce (1838-1922) British liberal
act of healing, but of great value as
the art of medicine still falls
St
politician, historian, and ambassador to the USA.
criticism on the hygeia or medical
somewhere between trout casting
p
Address, 23 Mar 1914
practice of the time.
and spook writing.
e
Ralph Waldo Emerson Essays (Second Se-
Ben Hecht (1894-1964) Miracle of the Fifteen
H
17 Among the arts, medicine, on
ries), 'Nominalist and Realist'
Murderers
account of its eminent utility, must
39
T
always hold the highest place.
27 In the hands of the discoverer,
37 I swear by Apollo the physician, by
medicine becomes a heroic art
d
Henry Thomas Buckle (1821-62) Miscella-
Asclepius, by Health, by Panacea
wherever life is dear he is a
T
neous and Posthumous Works, Vol. II
and by all the gods and goddesses,
demigod.
a
making them my witnesses, that I
И
18 Vaccination is the medical sacrament
Ralph Waldo Emerson Uncollected Lectures,
will carry out, according to my
di
'Resources'
corresponding to baptism.
ability and judgment, this oath and
H
Samuel Butler (1835-1902) British writer.
28 Anatomy is to physiology as
this indenture. To hold my teacher
geography to history; it describes
in this art equal to my own parents;
40
19 Medical men all over the world
the theatre of events.
to make him partner in my
di
having merely entered into a tacit
livelihood; when he is in need of
Jean Fernel (1497-1558) On the Natural Part
E
agreement to call all sorts of
of Medicine, Ch. 1
money to share mine with him; to
maladies people are liable to, in cold
consider his family as my own
29 Patience is the best medicine.
brothers and to teach them this art,
41 I
weather, by one name; SO that one
sort of treatment may serve for all,
John Florio (1553-1625) English lexicographer
if they want to learn it, without fee
P
and translator. First Frutes
or indenture; to impart precept,
e
and their practice thereby be
30 Study sickness while you are well.
oral instruction, and all other
greatly simplified.
instruction to my own sons, the
Jane Welsh Carlyle (1801-66) The wife of
Thomas Fuller (1654-1734) English physician
Thomas Carlyle. Letter to John Welsh, 4 Mar
and writer. Gnomologia
sons of my teacher, and to
1837
indentured pupils who have taken
31 Medicine absorbs the physician's
the physician's oath, but to nobody
20 Quackery gives birth to nothing;
whole being because it is concerned
else. I will use treatment to help
gives death to all things.
with the entire human organism.
the sick according to my ability and
42
Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881) Scottish essayist
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832)
judgment, but never with a view to
and historian. Heroes and Hero-Worship
German poet, dramatist and scientist.
injury and wrong-doing. Neither will
I administer a poison to anybody
32 A well chosen anthology is a
21 The Art of Medicine is in need
when asked to do so, nor will I
complete dispensary of medicine for
really of reasoning,
for this is a
the more common mental disorders,
suggest such a course. Similarly, I
and may be used as much for
will not give a woman a pessary to
43
conjectural art. However, in many
cases not only does conjecture fail,
cause abortion. But I will keep pure
prevention as cure.
but experience as well.
and holy both in my life and my art.
Robert Graves (1895-1985) British poet and
I will not use the knife, not even,
Celsus (25 BC-50 AD) Roman encyclopedist.
novelist. On English Poetry, Ch. 29
De re medicina
verily, on sufferers from stone but I
33 Comedy is medicine.
will give place to such as are
22 It is obvious that we cannot instruct
Trevor Griffiths (1935- ) Comedians, I
craftsmen therein. Into whatsoever
women as we do men in the
houses I enter, I will enter to help
34 The foundation of the study of
science of medicine; we cannot
the sick, and I will abstain from all
Medicine, as of all scientific inquiry,
carry them into the dissecting
intentional wrong-doing and harm,
44
lies in the belief that every natural
room.
especially from abusing the bodies
phenomenon, trifling as it may
Walter Channing Remarks on the Employ-
of man or woman, bond or free.
seem, has a fixed and invariable
ment of Females as Practitioners in Midwifery,
And whatsoever I shall see or hear
meaning.
by a Physician
in the course of my profession, as
Sir William Withey Gull (1816-90) Pub-
well as outside my profession in my
lished Writings, 'Study of Medicine'
23 The whole imposing edifice of
intercourse with men, if it be what
modern medicine is like the
35 Medicine is as old as the human
should not be published abroad, I
celebrated tower of Pisa - slightly
race, as old as the necessity for the
will never divulge holding such
off balance.
removal of disease.
things to be holy secret. Now if I
Charles, Prince of Wales (1948- ) Eldest
Heinrich Haeser (1811-84) Lehrbuch der
carry out this oath, and break it
son of Elizabeth II.
Geschichte der Medizin, Erste Periode
not, may I gain for ever reputation
MEDICINE
359
among all men for my life and for
45 The lancet was the magician's wand
medicine. He took it home and
my art; but if I transgress it and
of the dark ages of medicine.
drank it and got well.
forswear myself, may the opposite
Oliver Wendell Holmes Medical Essays,
On the bottle was written, "Three
befall me.
'Some of My Early Teachers'
times a day in water.' The man drank
Hippocrates (c. 460 BC-c. 357 BC) Greek
it three times a day the first day,
physician. The Hippocratic Oath
46 It is unnecessary - perhaps
twice the second day, and once the
dangerous - in medicine to be too
third day. On the fourth day he
38 Life is short, the Art long,
clever.
forgot it. But that didn't matter. He
opportunity fleeting, experience
Sir Robert Hutchison (1871-1960) Lancet,
was well by that time
treacherous, judgment difficult. The
2:61, 1938
Such medicine was, of course, hope-
physician must be ready, not only
to do his duty himself, but also to
47 The only sure foundations of
lessly unscientific, hopelessly limit-
secure the co-operation of the
medicine are, an intimate knowledge
ed. Death could beat it round every
patient, of the attendants and of
of the human body, and observation
corner. But it was human, gra-
externals.
on the effects of medicinal
cious, kindly.
substances on that.
Stephen Leacock (1869-1944) English-born
Hippocrates Aphorisms, I, 1
Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) US statesman.
Canadian economist and humorist. The Leacock
39 The art has three factors, the
Letter to Dr. Caspar Wistar, 21 June 1807
Roundabout, "The Doctor and the Contraption'
disease, the patient, and physician.
48 Fasting is a medicine.
55 When you buy a pill and buy peace
The physician is the servant of the
St John Chrysostom (c. 345-407) Bishop of
with it you get conditioned to cheap
art. The patient must co-operate
Constantinopole and Doctor of the Church.
solutions instead of deep ones.
with the physician in combating the
Homilies on the Statutes, III
Max Lerner (1902- ) US author and journal-
disease.
ist. The Unfinished Country
Hippocrates Epidemics, I
49 No costs have increased more
rapidly in the last decade than the
56 Medicine is not a lucrative
40 A miracle drug is any drug that will
cost of medical care. And no group
profession. It is a divine one.
do what the label says it will do.
of Americans has felt the impact of
John Coakley Lettsom (1744-1815) Letter
Eric Hodgins (1899-1971) US writer and edi-
these sky-rocketing costs more than
to a friend, 6 Sept 1791
tor. Episode
our older citizens.
John F. Kennedy (1917-63) US statesman.
57 Medicine makes people ill,
41 Homeopathy a mingled mass of
Address on the 25th Anniversary of the Social Se
mathematics makes them sad and
perverse ingenuity, of tinsel
curity Act, 14 Aug 1960
theology makes them sinful.
erudition, of imbecile credulity, and
Martin Luther (1483-1546) German
of artful misrepresentation, too
50 One of the most difficult things to
Protestant reformer.
often mingled in practice with
contend with in a hospital is the
heartless and shameless imposition.
assumption on the part of the staff
58 Medical practice is not knitting and
Oliver Wendell Holmes (1809-94) US writer
that because you have lost your gall
weaving and the labor of the hands,
and physician. Medical Essays, 'Homeopathy
bladder you have also lost your
but it must be inspired with soul
and Its Kindred Delusions'
mind.
and be filled with understanding and
Jean Kerr (1923- ) US dramatist. Please
42 It is so hard to get anything out of
equipped with the gift of keen
Don't Eat the Daisies
the dead hand of medical tradition!
observation; these together with
Oliver Wendell Holmes Medical Essays,
51 The ultimate indignity is to be given
accurate scientific knowledge are
'Currents and Counter-Currents in Medical Sci-
a bedpan by a stranger who calls
the indispensable requisites for
ence'
you by your first name.
proficient medical practice.
43 The truth is, that medicine,
Maggie Kuhn (1905- ) US writer and social
Maimonides (Moses ben Maimon; 1135-1204)
Spanish-born Jewish philosopher and physician.
activist. The Observer, 20 Aug 1978
professedly founded on observation,
Bulletin of the Institute of the History of Medi-
is as sensitive to outside influences,
52 Medicine is a strange mixture of
cine, 3:555, 1935
political, religious, philosophical,
speculation and action. We have to
imaginative, as is the barometer to
59 Medicine is a conjectural art.
cultivate a science and to exercise
the changes of atmospheric density.
Jean Nicolas Corvisart des Marets (1755-
an art. The calls of science are
1821)
Oliver Wendell Holmes Medical Essays,
upon our leisure and our choice; the
'Currents and Counter-Currents in Medical Sci-
calls of practice are of daily
60 Medicine heals doubts as well as
ence'
emergence and necessity.
diseases.
44 Nature, in medical language, as
Peter Mere Latham (1789-1875) US poet
Karl Marx (1796-1877) German philosopher,
opposed to Art, means trust in the
and essayist. Diseases of the Heart
economist, and revolutionary. Bulletin of the
reactions of the living system
New York Academy of Medicine (F. H. Garrison)
53 The practice of physic is jostled by
against ordinary normal impressions.
quacks on the one side, and by
61 The prevention of disease today is
Art, in the same language, as op-
science on the other.
one of the most important factors in
posed to Nature, means an intention-
Peter Mere Latham Collected Works, Vol. 1,
the line of human endeavor.
al resort to extraordinary abnormal
'In Memoriam' (Sir Thomas Watson)
impressions for the relief of
Charles H. Mayo (1865-1939) US surgeon.
disease.
54 In the old-fashioned days when a
Collected Papers of the Mayo Clinic and Mayo
Foundation, 5:17, 1913
Oliver Wendell Holmes Medical Essays,
man got sick he went to the family
'Currents and Counter-Currents in Medical Sci-
doctor and said he was sick. The
62 The aim of medicine is to prevent
ence'
doctor gave him a bottle of
disease and prolong life, the ideal of
360
MEDICINE
medicine is to eliminate the need of
72 Medicine is not only a science; it is
make them loving friends, is a
a physician.
also an art. It does not consist of
skilful practitioner.
William J. Mayo (1861-1939) US physician.
compounding pills and plasters; it
Plato Symposium
National Education Association: Proceedings and
deals with the very processes of
Addresses, 66:163, 1928
life, which must be understood
79 The first staggering fact about
before they may be guided.
medical education is that after two
63 Medicine may be defined as the art
Paracelsus (c. 1493-1541) Swiss physician and
and a half years of being taught on
or the science of keeping a patient
alchemist. Die grosse Wundarznei
the assumption that everyone is the
quiet with frivolous reasons for his
same, the student has to find out
illness and amusing him with
73 The art of healing comes from
for himself that everyone is
remedies good or bad until nature
nature not from the physician.
kills him or cures him.
different, which is really what his
Therefore the physician must start
experience has taught him since
Gilles Ménage (1613-92) Ménagiana, Pt. III
from nature, with an open mind.
infancy. And the second staggering
Paracelsus Seven Defenses, Ch. 4
64 The aim of medicine is surely not
fact about medical education is that
to make men virtuous; it is to
74 Experiment alone crowns the efforts
after being taught for two and half
safeguard and rescue them from the
of medicine, experiment limited only
years not to trust any evidence
consequences of their vices.
by the natural range of the powers
except that based on the
H. L. Mencken (1880-1956) US journalist and
of the human mind. Observation
measurements of physical science,
editor. Prejudices, Types of Men: the Physi-
discloses in the animal organism
the student has to find out for
cian'
numerous phenomena existing side
himself that all important decisions
by side, and interconnected now
are in reality made, almost at
65 Medicine is for the patient.
Medicine is the people. It is not for
profoundly, now indirectly, or
unconscious level, by that most
the profits.
accidentally. Confronted with a
perfect and complex of computers
multitude of different assumptions
the human brain, about which he
George Merck (1894-1957)
the mind must guess the real nature
has as yet learnt almost nothing,
66 I wasn't driven into medicine by a
of this connection.
and will probably go on learning
social conscience but by rampant
Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) Russian physiologist.
nothing to the end of his course -
curiosity.
Experimental Psychology and Other Essays, Pt.
this computer which can take in and
X
Jonathan Miller (1936- ) British writer and
analyse an incredible number of data
doctor.
in an extremely short time. And the
75 This basis of medicine is sympathy
data are mostly not of the hard
67 GERONTE. It was very clearly
and the desire to help others, and
explained, but there was just one
whatever is done with this end
crude type with which that simple
fellow the scientist has to deal, but
thing which surprised me - that
must be called medicine.
are of a much more subtle, human,
was the positions of the liver and
Frank Payne (1840-1910) English Medicine
and interesting character, each
the heart. It seemed to me that
in the Anglo-Saxon Times
tinted in its own colours of
you got them the wrong way about,
76 Medicine is not yet liberated from
personality and emotion. All this the
that the heart should be on the left
the medieval idea that disease is
student has to discover for himself
side, and the liver on the right.
the result of sin and must be
which his teachers strangely
SGANARELLE. Yes, it used to be so
expiated by mortification of the
pretend to believe that the secrets
but we have changed all that. Every-
flesh.
of medicine are revealed only to
thing's quite different in medicine
Sir George W. Pickering (1904 ) Resi-
those whose biochemical background
nowadays.
dent Physician, II (No. 9): 71, 1965
is beyond reproach.
Molière (Jean-Baptiste Poquelin: 1622-73)
Sir Robert Platt (1900- ) British Medical
French dramatist. Le Médecin malgré lui, II:4
77 Medicine is an art, and attends to
Journal, 2:551. 1965
the nature and constitution of the
68 The art of medicine is my
patient, and has principles of action
80 Medicine, to produce health, has to
discovery. I am called Help-Bringer
and reason in each case.
examine disease.
throughout the world, and all the
Plato (427 BC 347 BC) Greek philosopher.
Plutarch (c. 46-c. 120) Greek biographer and
potency of herbs is known to me.
Gorgias
essayist. Lives, 'Demetrius', I
Ovid (Publius Ovidius Naso: 43 BC AD) Ro-
man poet. Spoken by Apollo. Metamorphoses
78 And this is what the physician has
81 Medicine for the dead is too late.
to do, and in this the art of
69 The art of medicine is generally a
Quintilian (Marcus Fabius Quintilianus; C. 35
medicine consists: for medicine may
question of time.
AD 96 AD) Roman rhetorician and teacher.
be regarded generally as the
Ovid Remedia Amoris
knowledge of the loves and desires
82 Truth in medicine is an unattainable
9
70 Medicine sometimes snatches away
of the body, and how to satisfy
goal, and the art as described in
health, sometimes gives it.
them or not; and the best physician
books is far beneath the knowledge
is he who is able to separate fair
Ovid Tristia
of an experienced and thoughtful
love from foul, or to convert one
physician.
71 A hospital should also have a
into the other; and he who knows
Rhazes (Ar-Razi; C. 865-c. 928) Persian physi-
9
recovery room adjoining the
how to eradicate and how to
cian and philosopher. History of Medicine (Max
cashier's office.
implant love, whichever is required,
Neuburger)
Francis O'Walsh Bartlett's Unfamiliar Quota-
and can reconcile the most hostile
tions (Leonard Louis Levinson)
elements in the constitution and
83 In treating a patient, let your first
9
MEDIOCRITY
361
thought be to strengthen his natural
'Fathers' of every branch of
104 The art of medicine consists of
vitality.
medicine and every treatment is,
amusing the patient while Nature
Rhazes
therefore, rather foolish; it is unfair
cures the disease.
not only to the mothers and
Voltaire (François Marie Arouet: 1694-
84 The first cry of pain through the
ancestors but also to the
1778) French writer and philosopher.
primitive jungle was the first call for
obstetricians and midwives.
a physician
Medicine is a natural
Henry E. Sigerist (1891-1957) A History of
105 Medical education is not completed
art, conceived in sympathy and born
Medicine, Vol. I, Introduction
at the medical school: it is only
of necessity; from instinctive
begun.
procedures developed the
95 Prevention of disease must become
William H. Welch (1850-1934) Bulletin of
specialized science that is practised
the goal of every physician.
the Harvard Medical School Association, 3:55,
today.
Henry E. Sigerist Medicine and Human Wel-
1892
Victor Robinson (1886-1947) The Story of
fare, Ch. 3
Medicine
MEDIOCRITY
96 I've already had medical attention -
85 Medicine is a noble profession but a
a dog licked me when I was on the
See also inferiority
damn bad business.
ground.
Humphrey Rolleston (1862-1944) British
Neil Simon (1927- ) US playwright. Only
1 Only mediocrity can be trusted to
physician. Attrib.
When I Laugh (screenplay)
be always at its best.
Max Beerbohm (1872-1956) British writer.
86 Medicine is an occupation for
97 Medicine can never abdicate the
Conversations with Max (S.N. Behrman)
slaves.
obligation to care for the patient
Benjamin Rush (c. 1745-1813) Autobiography
and to teach patient care.
2 The world is made of people who
Maurice B. Strauss (1904-74) Medicine,
never quite get into the first team
87 It is with medicine as with
43:19, 1964
and who just miss the prizes at the
mathematics: we should occupy our
flower show.
minds only with what we continue
98 If they are not interested in the
Jacob Bronowski (1908-74) British scientist
to know; what we once knew is of
care of the patient, in the
and writer. The Face of Violence, Ch. 6
little consequence.
phenomena of disease in the sick,
Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve (1804-69)
they should not be in the clinical
3 Mediocrity knows nothing higher
French critic.
department of medicine, since they
than itself, but talent instantly
cannot teach students clinical
recognizes genius.
88 After twenty years one is no longer
medicine.
Arthur Conan Doyle (1856-1930) British
quoted in the medical literature.
Maurice B. Strauss Medicine, 43:619, 1964
writer. The Valley of Fear
Every twenty years one sees a
republication of the same ideas.
99 The art of medicine was to be
4 Only the mediocre are always at
properly learned only from its
their best.
Béla Schick (1877-1967) Austrian pediatrician.
Aphorisms and Facetiae of Béla Schick, 'Early
practice and its exercise.
Jean Giraudoux (1882-1944) French drama-
Years' (I.J. Wolf)
tist. Attrib.
Thomas Sydenham (1624-89) Medical Ob-
servations, Dedicatory Epistle
89 Not even medicine can master
5 Some men are born mediocre,
incurable diseases.
100 Formerly, when religion was
some men achieve mediocrity, and
Seneca (c. 4 BC-65 AD) Roman writer and
strong and science weak, men mis-
some men have mediocrity thrust
statesman. Epistulae ad Lucilium, XCIV
took magic for medicine, now,
upon them. With Major Major it had
when science is strong and religion
been all three.
90 By medicine life may be prolonged,
weak, men mistake medicine for
Joseph Heller (1923- ) US novelist. Catch-
yet death
magic.
22. Ch. 9
Will seize the doctor too.
Thomas Szasz (1920- ) US psychiatrist.
William Shakespeare (1564-1616) English
6 Women want mediocre men, and
The Second Sin
dramatist and poet. Cymbeline, V:5
men are working to be as mediocre
101 The history of medicine is a story
as possible.
91 Optimistic lies have such immense
of amazing foolishness and amaz-
Margaret Mead (1901-78) US anthropologist.
therapeutic value that a doctor who
ing intelligence.
Quote Magazine, 15 May 1958
cannot tell them convincingly has
Jerome Tarshis
mistaken his profession.
7 With first-rate sherry flowing into
George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) Irish
102 Human beings, yes, but not
second-rate whores,
dramatist and critic. Misalliance, Preface
And third-rate conversation without
surgeons.
one single pause:
92 Medical science is as yet very
Rudolph Virchow 1902) German
pathologist. Answering a query as to whether
Just like a couple
imperfectly differentiated from
human beings could survive appendectomy,
Between the wars.
common curemongering witchcraft.
which had recently become a widespread prac-
William Plomer (1903-73) South African poet
George Bernard Shaw The Doctor's Dilem-
tice. Anekdotenschatz (H. Hoffmeister)
and novelist. Father and Son: 1939
ma, 'Preface on Doctors'
103 He preferred to know the power of
8 It isn't evil that is ruining the earth,
93
... the department of witchcraft
herbs and their value for curing
but mediocrity. The crime is not
called medical science.
purposes, and, heedless of glory,
that Nero played while Rome
George Bernard Shaw The Philanderer
to exercise that quiet art.
burned, but that he played badly.
Virgil (Publius Vergilius Maro; 70 BC - 19 BC)
Ned Rorem (1923- ) US composer and writ-
94 The very popular hunting for
Roman poet. Aeneid
er. The Final Diary
RESEARCH
483
belief,
"Twas mine, 'tis his, and has been
which our profession rests, and not
to lead you to some important
slave to thousands;
invent them.
advance.
novelist.
But he that filches from me my good
Anonymous
Alexander Fleming (1881-1955) Scottish bac-
name
teriologist. Lecture at Harvard
Robs me of that which not enriches
5
Celsus
tells us that the
him
experimental part of medicine was
13 One does not discover new lands
And makes me poor indeed.
first discovered, and that afterwards
without consenting to lose sight of
men philosophized about it; and
the shore for a very long time.
William Shakespeare Othello, III:3
hunted for and assigned causes; and
André Gide (1869- 1951) French novelist. The
I leave
10 The purest treasure mortal times
Counterfeiters
hes, and
not by an inverse process that
afford
next
philosophy and the knowledge of
14 The way to do research is to attack
Is spotless reputation; that away,
causes led to the discovery and
the facts at the point of greatest
Men are but gilded loam or painted
development of the experimental
astonishment.
h philoso-
clay.
part.
Celia Green The Decline and Fall of Science,
William Shakespeare Richard II, I:1
Francis Bacon (1561 1626) English philos-
'Aphorisms'
man
opher. Novum Organum, 'Aphorisms',
utation
11 The king's name is a tower of
LXXIII
15
If
an outbreak of cholera might
strength.
be caused either by an infected
ish academ-
William Shakespeare Richard III, V:3
6 Man can learn nothing except by
water supply or by the blasphemies
going from the known to the
of an infidel mayor, medical
12 Even the fact that doctors
unknown.
research would be in confusion.
themselves die of the very diseases
Claude Bernard (1813-78) French physiolo-
W. R. Inge (1860-1954) British clergyman.
it of the
they profess to cure passes
gist. An Introduction to the Study of Experimen-
Outspoken Essays, 'Confessio Fidei'
tinking
unnoticed. We do not shoot out our
tal Medicine, Ch. 2
him
lips and shake our heads, saying,
16 Research! A mere excuse for
om and
"They save others: themselves they
7 Behavioural psychology is the
idleness; it has never achieved, and
cannot save': their reputation
science of pulling habits out of rats.
will never achieve any results of the
stands, like an African king's palace,
Dr. Douglas Busch
slightest value.
on a foundation of dead bodies.
Benjamin Jowett (1817- British theologian.
r. The
George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) Irish
8 I must begin with a good body of
Unforgotten Years (Logan Pearsall Smith)
far and
dramatist and critic. The Doctor's Dilemma,
facts and not from a principle (in
k that
'Preface on Doctors'
which I always suspect some
17 0 speculator concerning this
he
fallacy) and then as much deduction
machine of ours let it not distress
13 My reputation grew with every
as you please.
you that you impart knowledge of it
Short Six-
failure.
Charles Darwin (1809-82 British life scien-
through another's death, but rejoice
George Bernard Shaw Referring to his un-
tist. Letter to J. Fiske, 8 Dec 1874
that our Creator has ordained the
successful early novels. Bernard Shaw (Hes-
intellect to such excellence of
id of
keth Pearson)
9 No amount of experimentation can
perception.
est,
ever prove me right; a single
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) Italian artist,
thistle
14 I'm called away by particular
experiment can prove me wrong.
architect, and engineer. Quaderni d'Anatomia,
business. But I leave my character
Albert Einstein (1879-1955) German
Vol. II
behind me.
physicist.
Richard Brinsley Sheridan (1751 Brit-
18 There are people who do not object
esman.
ish dramatist. The School for Scandal, II
10 Don't despise empiric truth. Lots of
to eating a mutton chop - people
15 Everything.
things work in practice for which
who do not even object to shooting
on,
the laboratory has never found
a pheasant with the considerable
en it
Mae West US actress. When
asked what she wanted to be remembered for.
proof.
chance that it may be only wounded
Martin H. Fischer (1879-1962) Fischerisms
and may have to die after lingering
Attrib.
elist.
(Howard Fabing and Ray Marr)
in pain, unable to obtain its proper
nutriment and yet who consider
RESEARCH
11 Research has been called good
it something monstrous to introduce
me
business, a necessity, a gamble, a
under the skin of a guinea pig a
1 We vivisect the nightingale
game. It is none of these it's a
little inoculation of some microbe to
busi-
To probe the secret of his note.
state of mind.
ascertain its action. These seem to
T. B. Aldrich (1836-1907) US writer and
Martin H. Fischer Fischerisms (Howard Fab-
me to be most inconsistent views.
editor.
ion!
ing and Ray Marr)
Joseph Lister, 1st Baron (1827-1912) Brit-
2 I have yet to see any problem,
ish surgeon. British Medical Journal, 1:317,
12 I have been trying to point out that
1897
however complicated, which, when
stial.
looked at in the right way, did not
in our lives chance may have an
19 The aim of research is the
become still more complicated.
astonishing influence and, if I may
glish
offer advice to the young laboratory
discovery of the equations which
Poul Anderson New Scientist, 1969
subsist between the elements of
worker, it would be this never to
phenomena.
3 Research demands involvement. It
neglect an extraordinary appearance
cannot be delegated very far.
or happening. It may be usually
Ernst Mach (1838- 1916) Austrian physicist
and philosopher. Popular Scientific Lectures
souls:
Anonymous
is, in fact a false alarm that leads
sh;
to nothing, but it may on the other
20 The human body is private
4 We must discover the laws on
hand be the clue provided by fate
property. We have to have a search
484
RESPECT
warrant to look inside, and even
arrested Jean-Paul Sartre for urging French
3 Each man the architect of his own
Mt
then an investigator is confined to a
soldiers in Algeria to desert. Attrib.
fate.
enj
few experimental tappings here and
there, some gropings on the party
3 I hate victims who respect their
Appius Caecus (4th-3rd century BC) Roman
An
executioners.
statesman. De Civitate (Sallust), Bk. I
ha
wall, a torch flashed rather
Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-80) French writer.
Sa
hesitantly into some of the dark
4 Everyone threw the blame on me. I
Altona
have noticed that they nearly
cei
corners.
always do. I suppose it is because
Wil
Jonathan Miller (1936- ) British writer and
4 We owe respect to the living; to
drai
doctor. BBC TV program, The Body in Ques-
they think I shall be able to bear it
tion, 'Perishable Goods', 15 Feb 1979
the dead we owe only truth.
best.
Voltaire (François-Marie Arouet: 1694-1778)
14 "Ti
Winston Churchill (1874-1965) British states-
21 When you steal from one author,
French writer. Oeuvres, 'Première lettre sur
the
man. My Early Life, Ch. 17
it's plagiarism; if you steal from
Oedipe'
Th
many, it's research.
5 Perhaps it is better to be
imp
Wilson Mizner (1876-1933) US writer and
5 His indolence was qualified with
irresponsible and right than to be
Th
wit. Attrib.
enough basic bad temper to ensure
responsible and wrong.
pea
the respect of those about him.
Winston Churchill Party Political Broadcast,
Th
22 Always verify your references.
Evelyn Waugh (1903-66) British novelist.
London, 26 Aug 1950
kin
Martin Joseph Routh British
Put Out More Flags
The
scholar. Attrib.
6 Good God, that's done it. He's lost
6 The old-fashioned respect for the
por
us the tarts' vote.
23 We haven't the money, so we've
Th:
young is fast dying out.
Duke of Devonshire (1895-1950) Conserva-
this
got to think.
Oscar Wilde (1854-1900) Irish-born British
tive politician. Referring to Stanley BALDWIN'S
No
Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937) British physi-
dramatist. The Importance of Being Earnest, I
attack on newspaper proprietors; recalled by
cist. Attrib.
Harold Macmillan. Attrib.
cer
Car
RESPECTABILITY
24 It is too bad that we cannot cut the
7 It matters not how strait the gate,
ed
patient in half in order to compare
How charged with punishments the
Wh
two regimens of treatment.
1 Since when was genius found
scroll,
min
Béla Schick (1877 1967) Austrian pediatrician.
respectable?
I am the master of my fate:
Get
Aphorisms and Facetiae of Béla Schick, 'Early
Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806-61) Brit-
I am the captain of my soul.
tre:
Years' (I. J. Wolfe)
ish poet. Aurora Leigh, Bk. VI
William Ernest Henley (1849-1903) British
Ne
writer. Echoes, IV, 'Invictus. In Mem.
25 Research is fundamentally a state of
hell
2 Let them cant about decorum
R.T.H.B.'
mind involving continual
But
Who have characters to lose.
reexamination of the doctrines and
8 It often happens that I wake at
set
Robert Burns (1759-96) Scottish poet. The
axioms upon which current thought
Jolly Beggars
night and begin to think about a
Swe
and action are based. It is,
serious problem and decide I must
nigh
therefore, critical of existing
3 Respectable means rich, and decent
tell the Pope about it. Then I wake
Sle
practices.
means poor. I should die if I heard
up completely and remember I am
Will
Theobald Smith (1859-1934) American Jour-
my family called decent.
the Pope.
nal of Medical Science, 178:741. 1929
John XXIII (1881 1963) Italian-born pope. At-
15 0 (
Thomas Love Peacock (1785-1866) British
novelist. Crotchet Castle, Ch. 3
trib.
life,
26 The outcome of any serious
To
research can only be to make two
4 So live that you wouldn't be
9 Power without responsibility - the
To
questions grow where only one
ashamed to sell the family parrot to
prerogative of the harlot throughout
To
grew before.
the town gossip.
the ages.
poin
Thorstein Bunde Veblen (1857 1929) US
Will Rogers (1879-19) US actor and humor-
Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936) Indian-born
The
social scientist. The Place of Science in Modern
ist. Attrib.
British writer. Better known for its subsequent
use by BALDWIN Attrib.
they
Civilization
Hov
27 It requires a very unusual mind to
RESPONSIBILITY
10 Accuse not Nature, she hath done
com
undertake the analysis of the
her part;
How
obvious.
See also accusation
Do thou but thine.
day;
A. N. Whitehead (1861 - 1947) British philoso-
John Milton (1608-74) English poet. Paradise
How
pher. Science and the Modern World
1 A bad workman always blames his
Lost, Bk. VIII
year
tools.
How
Proverb
11 We can believe what we choose. We
RESPECT
live.
are answerable for what we choose
Willi:
to believe.
See also courtesy, self-respect
2 What the proprietorship of these
papers is aiming at is power, and
Cardinal Newman (1801-90) British theologi-
16 The
1 Let them hate, so long as they
an. Letter to Mrs Froude, 27 June 1848
power without responsibility the
in m
fear.
prerogative of the harlot through
12 You become responsible, forever,
all.
Lucius Accius (170-c. 85 BC) Roman tragic
the ages.
for what you have tamed. You are
Alex
playwright. Atreus, 'Seneca'
Stanley Baldwin (1867 1947) British states-
responsible for your rose.
noveli
2 One does not arrest Voltaire.
man. Attacking the press barons Lords
Antoine de Saint-Exupéry (1900-44) French
Rothermere and Beaverbrook. It was first used
17 The
Charles De Gaulle (1890-1970) French gen-
novelist and aviator. The Little Prince, Ch. 21
by KIPLING See also DUKE OF DEVONSHIRE; STOP.
whic
eral and statesman. Explaining why he had not
PARD. Speech, election rally, 18 Mar 1931
13 What infinite heart's ease
subs
PN 0081
B27
1980
WH
t: Familiar
Quotations
A collection of passages, phrases and
proverbs traced to their sources in
ancient and modern literature
FIFTEENTH AND 125TH ANNIVERSARY EDITION
REVISED AND ENLARGED
John Bartlett
Edited by EMILY MORISON BECK
and the editorial staff of Little, Brown and Company
LB
LITTLE, BROWN AND COMPANY
BOSTON
TORONTO
80
Hippocrates - Thucydides
1
In all abundance there is lack.
Ib. 8
Thucydides⁵
2
If for the sake of a crowded audience you do
c. 460-400 B.C.
wish to hold a lecture, your ambition is no
14 Thucydides, an Athenian, wrote the his-
laudable one, and at least avoid all citations
tory of the war between the Peloponnesians
from the poets, for to quote them argues
and the Athenians; he began at the moment
feeble industry.
Ib. I2
that it broke out, believing that it would be a
great war, and more memorable than any
3
Opposites are cures for opposites.
that had preceded it.
Breaths, bk. I
The History of the Peloponnesian
Medicine is the most distinguished of all
War [431-413 B.C.], bk. I, sec. I
4
the arts, but through the ignorance of those
15 With reference to the narrative of events,
who practice it, and of those who casually
far from permitting myself to derive it from
judge such practitioners, it is now of all the
the first source that came to hand, I did not
arts by far the least esteemed.
even trust my own impressions, but it rests
Law, bk. I
partly on what I saw myself, partly on what
others saw for me, the accuracy of the report
5
There are in fact two things, science and
being always tried by the most severe and
opinion; the former begets knowledge, the
detailed tests possible. My conclusions have
latter ignorance.
Ib. IV
cost me some labor from the want of coinci-
6
Things that are holy are revealed only to
dence between accounts of the same occur-
men who are holy.¹
Ib. V
rences by different eyewitnesses, arising
sometimes from imperfect memory, some-
7 Idleness and lack of occupation tend-nay
times from undue partiality for one side or
are dragged-towards evil.
the other. The absence of romance in my his-
Decorum, bk. I
tory will, I fear, detract somewhat from its
interest; but I shall be content if it is judged
8
A wise man should consider that health is
useful by those inquirers who desire an exact
the greatest of human blessings, and learn
knowledge of the past as an aid to the inter-
how by his own thought to derive benefit
pretation of the future,⁶ which in the course
from his illnesses.
of human things must resemble if it does not
Regimen in Health, bk. IX
reflect it. My history has been composed to be
9
Life is short, the art long, opportunity fleet-
an everlasting possession, not the showpiece
ing, experience treacherous, judgment diffi-
of an hour.⁷
Ib. 22
cult.²
Aphorisms, sec. I, I
16 The great wish of some is to avenge them-
10 For extreme illnesses extreme treatments
selves on some particular enemy, the great
are most fitting.³
Ib. 6
wish of others to save their own pocket. Slow
in assembling, they devote a very small frac-
11
Many admire, few know.
tion of the time to the consideration of any
Regimen, bk. I, sec. 24
public object, most of it to the prosecution of
their own objects. Meanwhile each fancies
12 Male and female have the power to fuse
that no harm will come of his neglect, that it
into one solid, both because both are nour-
is the business of somebody else to look after
ished in both and because soul is the same
this or that for him; and so, by the same no-
thing in all living creatures, although the
tion being entertained by all separately, the
body of each is different.
Ib. 28
common cause imperceptibly decays.⁸
Ib. 141
13 Prayer indeed is good, but while calling
on the gods a man should himself lend a
17 Our constitution is named a democracy, be-
hand.⁴
Ib. IV, 87
cause it is in the hands not of the few but of
'See Manilius, 115:17.
the many. But our laws secure equal justice
²Vita brevis est, ars longa.-SENECA, De Brevitate
for all in their private disputes, and our pub-
Vitae, I, I
lic opinion welcomes and honors talent in
See Chaucer, 144:8; Goethe, 3957; and Longfellow,
every branch of achievement, not for any sec-
509:14.
Art's long, though time is short.-BROWNING, The
⁵Translated by SIR RICHARD LIVINGSTONE.
Ring and the Book [1868-1869], pt. IX, Juris Doctor Jo-
'See Euripides, 77:22, and Santayana, 703:11.
hannes-Baptista Bottinius
'See Ranke, 480:8.
³See Shakespeare, 223:14.
8Quoted by President John F. Kennedy in Frankfurt
'See Aesop, 66:20.
[June 25, 1963].
Plutarch
120
1 As it is in the proverb, played Cretan
14 That proverbial saying, "Bad news travels
against Cretan.¹
Ib. 20
fast and far."5
Ib. Of Inquisitiveness
2 Perseverance is more prevailing than vio-
15 Spintharus, speaking in commendation of
1
lence; and many things which cannot be over-
Epaminondas, says he scarce ever met with
come when they are together, yield them-
any man who knew more and spoke less.
selves up when taken little by little.
Ib. Of Hearing, sec. 6
Ib. Sertorius, sec. 16
2
16 Antiphanes said merrily that in a certain
3 Good fortune will elevate even petty
city the cold was SO intense that words were
minds, and give them the appearance of a
congealed as soon as spoken, but that after
certain greatness and stateliness, as from
some time they thawed and became audible;
their high place they look down upon the
so that the words spoken in winter were ar-
world; but the truly noble and resolved spirit
ticulated next summer.⁶
raises itself, and becomes more conspicuous
Ib. Of Man's Progress in Virtue
3
in times of disaster and ill fortune.
Ib. Eumenes, sec. 9
17 When the candles are out all women are
4 Authority and place demonstrate and try
fair.⁷
Ib. Conjugal Precepts
the tempers of men, by moving every passion
18 Like watermen, who look astern while they
and discovering every frailty.
row the boat ahead.
4
Ib. Demosthenes and Cicero, sec. 3
Ib. Whether "Twas Rightfully
1
5 Medicine, to produce health, has to exam-
Said, Live Concealed
ine disease; and music, to create harmony,
19 The great god Pan is dead.9
5
must investigate discord.
Ib. Why the Oracles Cease to Give
Ib. Demetrius, sec. I
Answers
6 It is a true proverb, that if you live with a
20 I am whatever was, or is, or will be; and my
S
lame man you will learn to limp.
Morals. Of the Training of Children
veil no mortal ever took up. 10
6
Ib. Of Isis and Osiris
7 The very spring and root of honesty and
t
virtue lie in good education.
Ib.
21 For to err in opinion, though it be not the
8 It is indeed desirable to be well descended,
part of wise men, is at least human. 11
7
Ib. Against Colotes
but the glory belongs to our ancestors.
Ib.
22 Pythagoras, when he was asked what time
8
9
Nothing made the horse SO fat as the king's
was, answered that it was the soul of this
V
Ib. Platonic Questions
eye.
Ib.
world.
9
10 It is wise to be silent when occasion re-
⁵Evil news fly faster still than good.-THOMAS KYD,
quires, and better than to speak, though
Spanish Tragedy [1594], act I
f
never SO well.2
Ib.
See Milton, 289:7.
t]
⁶Rabelais gives a somewhat similar account, referring
11 An old doting fool, with one foot already in
to Antiphanes, in Works, bk. IV [1548], chs. 55-56.
the grave.
Ib.
See Raspe (Baron Munchausen), 385:8.
10
When all candles be out, all cats be HEY-
12 He is a fool who leaves things close at hand
T
WOOD, Proverbs [1546], pt. I, ch. 5
to follow what is out of reach.³
th
See Herrick, 266:9.
Ib. Of Garrulity
Like rowers, who advance backward.
al
Essays [1580-1595], Of Profit and Honor, bk. III, ch. I
al
13
All men whilst they are awake are in one
Like the watermen that row one way and look another.
th
common world; but each of them, when he is
- ROBERT BURTON, Anatomy of Melancholy [1621-1651],
asleep, is in a world of his own.⁴
Democritus to the Reader
Ib. Of Superstition
See Bunyan, 302:7.
11
9Plutarch says in Of Isis and Osiris that a ship well
¹Cheat against cheat. (The Cretans were considered no-
laden with passengers drove with the tide near the Isles
12
torious liars.)
of Paxi, when a loud voice was heard by most of the
²Closed lips hurt no one, speaking may.-CATO THE
passengers calling one Thanus. The voice then said aloud
W
CENSOR [234-149 B.C.], bk. I, distich I2
to him, "When you are arrived at Palodes, take care to
en
See Publilius Syrus, 112:16.
make it known that the great god Pan is dead."
³Better one bird in hand than ten in the wood.-JOHN
Great Pan is dead.- ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING
13
HEYWOOD, Proverbs [1546], pt. I, ch. 2
[1806-1861], The Dead Pan, st. 26
ph
One bird in the hand is worth two in the wood.-
¹⁰I am the things that are, and those that are to be, and
di
THOMAS LODGE, Rosalyne [1590]
those that have been. No one ever lifted my skirts; the
A bird in hand is worth two in the bush.-CERVANTES,
fruit which I bore was the sun.-PROCLUS [c. 411-485],
Don Quixote, pt. I [1605], bk. IV, ch. 4
On Plato's Timaeus (inscription in the temple of Neith at
A feather in hand is better than a bird in the air.
Sais, in Egypt)
- GEORGE HERBERT, Jacula Prudentum [1640]
"See Anonymous Latin, 133:22; Shirley, 272:12; and
TH
A saying attributed to Heraclitus.
Pope, 333:15.
edi
Paz - Thomas
Thomas - - Medawar
887
nas
In the sun that is young once only,
it is preparing us for its inevitably fatal oper-
Time let me play and be
ation.
green fuse drives
Golden in the mercy of his means.
Ib.
The Rose Tattoo [1950]. Foreword,
And honored among foxes and pheasants by
The Timeless World of a Play
2
plasts the roots of
the gay house
11
Nothing's more determined than a cat on a
Under the new-made clouds and happy as the
tin roof is there? Is there, baby?
heart was long,
Cat on a Hot Tin Roof¹ [1955],
crooked rose
In the sun born over and over,
act III, last line
me wintry fever.
I ran my heedless ways.
hrough the Green
Ib. st. 5
he Flower [1934]
3
Time held me green and dying
Saul Bellow
shines;
Though I sang in my chains like the sea.
1915-
ers of the heart
Ib. st. 6
12 There was a disturbance in my heart, a
4
Do not go gentle into that good night,
voice that spoke there and said, I want, I
S Where No Sun
Old age should burn and rave at close of day;
want, I want! It happened every afternoon,
Shines [1934]
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.
and when I tried to suppress it it got even
Do Not Go Gentle into That Good
per felled a city;
stronger.
It never said a thing except I
I the breath,
Night [1952]
want, I want, I want!
d halved a coun-
5
One Christmas was SO much like another,
Henderson the Rain King [1959]
in those years around the seatown corner
to death.
now and out of all sound except the distant
13
I am simply a human being, more or less.
speaking of the voices I sometimes hear a
Herzog [1964]
Signed the Paper
[1936]
moment before sleep, that I can never re-
14 A novel is balanced between a few true im-
member whether it snowed for six days and
pressions and the multitude of false ones that
ry senses see,
six nights when I was twelve or whether it
en thumbs and
make up most of what we call life. It tells us
snowed for twelve days and twelve nights
that for every human being there is a diver-
when I was six.
S vegetable eye,
sity of existences, that the single existence is
Quite Early One Morning [1954].
ndfull zodiac,
itself an illusion in part, that these many ex-
A Child's Christmas in Wales
di wintered by.
istences signify something, tend to some-
6
we and Country
It is spring, moonless night in the small
thing, fulfill something; it promises us mean-
nses See [1939]
town, starless and bible-black.
ing, harmony, and even justice.
Art
Under Milk Wood [1954]
attempts to find in the universe, in matter as
ninion.⁴
7
You can tear a poem apart to see what
well as in the facts of life, what is fundamen-
of poem [1943]
makes it technically tick.
You're back
tal, enduring, essential.
with the mystery of having been moved by
Speech upon receiving the Nobel
no other.
n the Death, by
words. The best craftsmanship always leaves
Prize [1976]
London [1946]
holes and gaps in the works of the poem so
that something that is not in the poem can
walked with his
creep, crawl, flash, or thunder in.
Jerome Seymour Bruner
The joy and function of poetry is, and was,
1915-
the celebration of man, which is also the cele-
15 The shrewd guess, the fertile hypothesis,
bration of man.
hapels.
the courageous leap to a tentative conclusion
Dylan Thomas's Poetic Manifesto.
-these are the most valuable coin of the
October [1946]
In the Texas Quarterly [Winter
thinker at work.
nder the apple
1961]
The Process of Education [1960]
happy as the
16 Any subject can be taught effectively in
Tennessee Williams
some intellectually honest form to any child
11, st. I [1946]
1914-
at any stage of development.
Ib.
8
Knowledge-Zzzzzp! Money- Zzzzzp!-
was prince of
Power! That's the cycle democracy is built on!
Ib.
The Glass Menagerie [1945], SC. vii
Sir Peter Brian Medawar
lowly
9
A Streetcar Named Desire.
1915-
ams.
Title of play [1947]
17 The scientist values research by the size
Ib. st. 2
10 Time rushes toward us with its hospital
of its contribution to that huge, logically
tray of infinitely varied narcotics, even while
'See John Ray, 301:17.
888
Medawar - Cronkite
articulated structure of ideas which is al-
6 Let a new earth rise. Let another world be
ready, though not yet half built, the most
born
Let a beauty full of healing
glorious accomplishment of mankind.
and a strength of final clenching be the
The Art of the Soluble [1967]
pulsing in our spirits and our blood. Let
the martial songs be written, let the
1
Among scientists are collectors, classifiers,
dirges disappear. Let a race of men now
and compulsive tidiers-up; many are detec-
rise and take control.
Ib. st. IO
tives by temperament and many are explor-
ers; some are artists and others artisans.
7 My grandmothers were strong.
There are poet-scientists and philosopher-
They followed plows and bent to toil,
scientists and even a few mystics.
Ib.
They moved through fields sowing seed.
They touched earth and grain grew.
Lineage [1942]
Arthur Miller
1915-
John Malcolm Brinnin
2 I don't say he's a great man. Willy Loman
1916-
never made a lot of money. His name was
never in the paper. He's not the finest charac-
8 I seek a father who most need a son.
ter that ever lived. But he's a human being,
Oedipus: His Cradle Song [1963]
and a terrible thing is happening to him. So
attention must be paid. He's not to be allowed
9 In their big peppermint hotels.
to fall into his grave like an old dog. Atten-
News from the Islands [1963]
tion, attention must be finally paid to such a
10 Another hill town:
person.
another dry Cinzano in the sun.
Death of a Salesman [1949], act I
Hotel Paradiso è Commerciale
3 Willy was a salesman. And for a salesman,
[1963]
there is no rock bottom to the life. He don't
11 I start by the cats' corridors (Banco di Roma,
put a bolt to a nut, he don't tell you the law
wineshops, gorgeous butcheries)
or give you medicine. He's a man way out
toward some mild angel of annunciation-
there in the blue, riding on a smile and a
upstairs, most likely, badly lit,
shoeshine. And when they start not smiling
speaking in rivets on a band of gold.
back- that's an earthquake. And then you
Ib.
get yourselfa couple of spots on your hat, and
you're finished. Nobody dast blame this man.
12 We have all done this before; we're
A salesman is got to dream, boy. It comes
bored and terrified.
with the territory.
Ib. Requiem
Flight 539 [1963]
13 All of a sudden came the pelicans:
Jean Stafford
crazy old men in baseball caps, who flew
like jackknives and collapsed like fans.
1915-
Skin Diving in the Virgins [1970]
4 To her own heart, which was shaped ex-
actly like a valentine, there came a winglike
palpitation, a delicate exigency, and all the
John Ciardi
fragrance of all the flowery springtime love
affairs that ever were seemed waiting for
1916-
them in the whiskey bottle.
14 It is by falling in and in we make
Children Are Bored on Sundays
the all-bearing point, for one another's sake,
[1953], title story
in faultless failing, raised by our own weight.
Most Like an Arch This Marriage
[1958]
Margaret Abigail Walker
1915-
Walter Cronkite
5 For my people lending their strength to the
years, the gone years and the now years
1916-
and the maybe years.
15
And that's the way it is.
For My People [1942], st. 2
Sign-off sentence, CBS Evening News
Simpson's
Contemporary Quotations
Compiled by
James B Simpson
Foreword by
Daniel J Boorstin
Houghton Mifflin Company
Boston 1988
PROPERTY OF
LICRARY
import
EXEC F OFFICE OF
THE , DENT
Physicians & the Medical World
ellectual. physical.
DR ROBERT S ELIOT, Professor of Cardiology, University
40 years wants to leave him for the Peace Corps or
of Nebraska
Richard Burton.
will to live. Keep
1 Rule Number 1 is. don't sweat the small stuff. Rule
Commencement address at Strich School of Medicine.
Number 2 is, it's all small stuff. And if you can't
Loyola University. Chicago. 7 Jun 62
fight and you can't flee, flow.
10 While the patient wants the best and most modern
On coping with stress. Time 6 Jun 83
treatment available, he is also badly in need of the
ing. It moves your
old-fashioned friend that a doctor has always per-
es respiration. It is
DR ALEXANDER FLEMING
sonified and which you must continue to be.
ib
2 A good gulp of hot whiskey at bedtime-it's not very
scientific, but it helps.
DR MICHAEL J HALBERSTAM
Amer Assn of Sex
On treatment of the common cold. news summaries 22
11 [The joy of medicine is] the challenge of making a
Mar 54
solid diagnosis, the delight in besting (if only mo-
ne person, you're
mentarily) an intern or resident. the satisfaction (if
slept with.
DR HENRY W FLOURNOY
rare) of actually helping someone, the sheer cantan-
and AIDS NBC TV
3 Every baby has turned into a ticking time bomb that
kerousness of being able to tell the bureaucracy to
can go off in your hand.
"stuff it."
On refusing to treat a pregnant lawyer who had been the
Recalled on his death 5 Dec 80
hearts and most of
prosecuting attorney in two malpractice suits against an-
other obstetrician. NY Times 18 May 86
MURRAY HAYDON, artificial heart recipient
atrophied body.
12 Would you please turn on the television. I'd like to
exercise helps prolong
THEODOR GEISEL ("Dr Seuss")
see if I'm still alive and how I'm doing.
4
News summaries 19 Feb 85
nbers of Americans
4 When at last we are sure
hinds.
You've been properly pilled,
DR ROBERT P HEANEY, endocrinologist, Creighton
Then a few paper forms
University, Omaha NE
Must be properly filled
13 It's just like remodeling an office. The body tears
So that you and your heirs
out partitions. puts up dry walls and paints.
ove there would be
May be properly billed.
On how the body takes calcium from its bones when
is how much love
You're Only Old Once! Random House 86
there is a shortage of calcium in the blood stream.
en you grow up you
Newsweek 27 Jan 86
love that is.
PETER GOLDMAN and LUCILLE BEACHY
DR HERMAN HELLERSTEIN, School of Medicine, Case
es a plastic heart have
5 He is one in a sad new specialty in our medicine, a
Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH
thin white line of plague doctors doing battle with
14 Coronary heart disease is a silent disease and the
the most fearsome epidemic of our time.
first manifestation frequently is sudden death.
On physicians who treat patients with AIDS. "One
irtificial heart and
Newsweek 6 Aug 84
Against the Plague" Newsweek 21 Jul 86
d out and said he's
DR ELMER HESS, President, Amer Medical Assn
here.
DR BURTON GREBIN, Executive Director, St Mary's
he first artificial heart.
15 If a man is good in his heart. then he is an ethical
Hospital for Children, Bayside, Queens
member of any group in society. If he is bad in his
dy
As we saw
6 The death of a child is the single most traumatic
heart. he is an unethical member. To me. the ethics
reling was not aren't
event in medicine. To lose a child is to lose a piece
of medical practice is as simple as that.
of yourself.
American Weekly 24 Apr 55
On opening of NYC's first facility for terminally ill chil-
16 There is no greater reward in our profession than
dren, NY Times 30 Oct 84
the knowledge that God has entrusted us with the
physical care of his people.
JANE GROSS
recisely when and
ib
headaches strike.
7 Rarely does anyone speak of fear for his own life.
DR ARTHUR HOLLEB, Vice President for Medical Affairs,
its. When you have
as if an unspoken etiquette prevails.
Amer Cancer Society
tient with migraine.
On regular meetings of persons who have lost their lov-
ec 79
ers to AIDS. "AIDS: The Next Phase" NY Times 16
17 We do not know what we mean by cure because
Mar 87
there is a great difference between cure and long-
term survival.
8 Over and over. these men cry out against the weight
of complainers
On the society's slogan "We want to cure cancer in your
of so many losses-not just a lover dead. but friends
lifetime." NY Times 17 Apr 79
career.
and friends of friends. dozens of them. until it seems
in London Daily Tel-
that AIDS is all there is and all there ever will be.
DR CHARLES BRENTON HUGGINS, Professor of Surgery,
ib
University of Chicago
18 One pits his wits against apparently inscrutable na-
DR GUNNAR GUNDERSEN, former President, Amer
ture. wooing her with ardor [but] nature is blind jus-
nentioned by name.
Medical Assn
tice who cannot recognize personal identity.
feeling better now.
the hospital. Anoth-
9 When I began practice
I was relatively safe in
On scientific research. National Observer 21 Nov 66
ime. of course. is
assuming [that abdominal pain] was appendicitis or
19 [Nature] can refuse to speak but she cannot give a
green apples. Today it is also highly probable that
wrong answer.
the patient is suffering from the fact that his wife of
ib
125
Physicians & the Medical World
1 This genie can't be pushed back into the bottle.
11 There have been some medical schools
in which
ng on someone who
On impossibility of halting genetic research. ib
somewhere along the assembly line, a faculty mem-
ber has informed the students, not so much by what
DR C WALTON LILLEHEI, heart surgeon
he said but by what he did, that there is an intimate
7 General
2 The Wright brothers' first flight was shorter than a
relation between curing and caring.
snake poisoning and
Boeing 747's wing span. We've just begun with heart
ib
transplants.
12 Human beings are the only creatures who are able
uct as part of AIDS ed-
NY Post 16 Dec 69
to behave irrationally in the name of reason.
y John Leo "Sex and
NY Times 30 Sep 75
DR IAN LUSTBADER
13 The [doctor] has been taught to be interested not in
3 When you get that close to the abyss, you can al-
health but in disease. What the public is taught is
ways jump tomorrow.
that health is the cure for disease.
le in quite this way.
On critically ill patients who may decide whether or not
ib
at one's heart should
artificial means will be used to prolong their lives. NY
nkable cut.
Times 16 Jan 85
JAN MORRIS (James Morris)
ISS coronary operation.
14 I told him everything and it was from him that I
80
DR WALTER MARTIN, President, Amer Medical Assn
learned what my future would be.
er: we take as a per-
4 The very success of medicine in a material way may
On consultation with Dr Harry Benjamin. who coined
friend's breast.
now threaten the soul of medicine.
the term transsexualism and performed Morris's sex-
"Medicine and the Public Welfare." inaugural address
change operation. recalled on Benjamin's death. NY
23 Jun 54
Times 27 Aug 86
bstetrician
DR BERNARD NATHANSON
iry tale. One indeed
THOMAS MATTHEWS
the end of life. It is
15 We can see the child moving rather serenely in the
5 [Condoms] are like raincoats in the Sahara.
what the infant must
uterus
The child senses aggression in its sanc-
On futility of issuing condoms at NYC's Riker's Island
Prison to prevent spread of AIDS. NY Times 5 Mar 87
tuary
We see the child's mouth wide open in a
birth without violence."
silent scream.
WILLIAM F MAY, Professor of Medical Ethics, Southern
From narration of The Silent Scream. 1984 film on the
yes, eyebrows raised
Methodist University
abortion of a 12-week-old fetus. quoted in NY Times 11
Mar 85
6 You convert the whole medical system into a giant
jaws and the individual's only possible response is a
EDWARD R NIDA, US Food and Drug Administration
which rolls back and
yelp of protest.
16 How you lose or keep your hair depends on how
On acquisition of bodily parts for transplants and re-
wisely you choose your parents.
search. quoted by Lindsey Gruson "Signs of Traffic in
On barring sale of nonprescription cures for baldness.
Cadavers Seen. Raising Ethical Issues" NY Times 25
1. implore, beg. then
NY Times 15 Jan 85
Sep 86
calamity.
DR JOEL J NOBEL, cofounder, Emergency Care Research
JOHN McPHEE
Institute
y. legs which bend in
7 If the social status of a urologist. a nephrologist. a
17 The purpose of medicine is to prevent significant dis-
his flesh which is but
gastroenterologist. can send a wistful moment
ease. to decrease pain and to postpone death when
akes.
through the thoughts of a family practitioner. that is
it is meaningful to do so. Technology has to support
nothing compared with this hovering ghost. this im-
these goals-if not. it may even be counterproduc-
rn? Why his entire
age afloat above the family practitioner's head:
tive.
ch me! Don't touch
Superdoc. the Great American GP. omniscie ubiq-
On the development and maintenance of high-technol-
e. imploringly. beg-
uitous.
ogy medical systems. NY Times I Jan 85
ave me!"
This is
"A Reporter at Large: Heirs of General Practice" New
alvary.
Yorker 23 Jul 84
DR WILLIS POTTS, heart surgeon
8 The doctor listens in with a stethoscope and hears
18 The heart is a tough organ: a marvelous mechanism
sounds of a warpath Indian drum.
that, mostly without repairs. will give valiant service
urgery, Georgetown
On prenatal examinations. ih 6 Aug 84
up to a hundred years.
The Surgeon and the Child Saunders 59
tumble. They are not
DR WILLIAM MONTAGNA, dermatological researcher,
DR JOSEPH PURSCH, Medical Director, Comprehensive
They were not de-
Brown University
Care Corp
when they fly. oh.
9 Interest in hair today has grown to the proportions
il. They see from the
19 Coroners (they always have the final word) know
of a fetish. Think of the many loving ways in which
you are an eagle.
advertisements refer to scalp hair-satiny. glowing.
why cocaine's nickname is killer.
of an eagle to a para-
"Cocaine in the Board Room" Leaders Jul 84
shimmering. breathing. living. Living indeed! It is as
in Washington Post 29
dead as rope.
20 Cocaine is quickly supplanting alcohol as the most
NY Herald Tribune 11 Apr 63
dangerous occupational hazard in executive suites.
ib
echnology Newswatch
ASHLEY MONTAGU
r by far than the nat-
21 The irony is that as the user gets sicker, he is less
10 One goes through school. college. medical school
able to see it. The magic of the powder is that every
ngineered hormones to
and one's internship learning little or nothing about
noseful tells you that you don't really have a prob-
tter to the editor NY
goodness but a good deal about success.
lem.
Northwestern University Alumni News Summer 75
ib
127
SCIENCE
1 As crude a weapon as a cave man's club, the chem-
ANN COOK
ROBERT GORH
ical barrage has been hurled against the fabric of life.
12 I'm a 44-year-old granny emotionally involved with
1 In Genesis, S
ib
toads.
God decided
On opening of the first of a chain of toad tunnels under
family. But I
CBS TV
British highways to protect migrating toads during mat-
genes as thos
2 Archaeologists dig up dirt on each other.
ing season. NY Times 14 Mar 87
ued unabated
Advertisement for program with scientists holding con-
13 Our evenings won't be the same without a bucket of
Letter to th
flicting opinions. 23 Sep 86
toads to carry.
On abandoning toad patrol. ib
JEANNETTE DE
ROGER B CHAFFEE, US astronaut
2 Humans can
3 Problems
look mighty small from 150 miles up.
JACQUES COUSTEAU
are such a su
In his last public interview before he died with astro-
14 The sea is the universal sewer.
Smithsonia
nauts Virgil I Grissom and Edward H White II in a fire
On the sea as a place "where all kinds of pollution wind
3 You can drop
aboard Apollo 1 during a simulated launch. This Week
up." to House Committee on Science and Astronautics
only the rat
23 Apr 67
28 Jan 71
ib
4 The world itself looks cleaner and so much more
15 We must plant the sea and herd its animals
us-
beautiful. Maybe we can make it that way-the way
ing the sea as farmers instead of hunters. That is
VLADIMIR DZA
God intended it to be-by giving everyone, even-
what civilization is all about-farming replacing
4 Without wor
tually. that new perspective from out in space.
hunting.
Commenti
ib
Interview 17 Jul 71
don Times
16 Farming as we do it is hunting, and in the sea we
ERWIN CHARGAFF, Professor of Biological Chemistry,
GERALD M El
act like barbarians.
Columbia University
laureate
ib
5 Science is wonderfully equipped to answer the ques-
5 We're inquir
17 If we go on the way we have, the fault is our greed
tion "How?" but it gets terribly confused when you
stitutions: H
[and] if we are not willing [to change], we will dis-
ask the question "Why?"
can change.
appear from the face of the globe, to be replaced by
related to ou
Columbia Forum Summer 69
the insect.
ed to our m
6 We manipulate nature as if we were stuffing an Al-
ib
Newsweel
satian goose. We create new forms of energy: we
18 What is a scientist after all? It is a curious man look-
make new elements: we kill crops: we wash brains.
ing through a keyhole, the keyhole of nature, trying
KRAFFT A E
I can hear them in the dark sharpening their lasers.
to know what's going on.
6 Man. the Cl
ib
Christian Science Monitor 21 Jul 71
tional alterr
STEVEN CHU, Director, Quantum Electronics Research,
19 I am not a scientist. I am, rather, an impresario of
and resourc
scientists.
On the
Bell Laboratories
death 11
Describing his role as an explorer and filmmaker asso-
7 The atoms become like a moth. seeking out the re-
ciated with scientists in underwater exploration. ib 24
7 Its central 1
gion of higher laser intensity.
Jul 86
ib
On isolating atoms with a laser for close study. NY
Times 13 Jul 86
LEILA M COYNE, researcher, San Jose State University
PAUL EHRLIC
RUSSELL L CIOCHON
20 The more science learns what life is, the more re-
8 [The Natio
luctant scientists are to define it.
able to give
8 [It] is not a monkey, not an ape and not a human,
On study of clay as an energy storehouse and transfer
the sun wo
but it's a common ancestor of them all.
agent, Christian Science Monitor 4 Apr 85
Look 1 A
On the discovery in Burma of a jawbone of the earliest
known higher primate. NY Times 16 Aug 85
LUTHER CRESSMAN, anthropologist
ALBERT EIN
21 [The wearer of these sandals] did not look out on
9 The grand
MICHAEL COLLINS, US astronaut
swirling dust devils or miles of alkali and sand flats.
number of
9 I think a future flight should include a poet. a priest
as we did that hot August day. but on a great lake
the smalles
and a philosopher
we might get a much better
with wavelets lapping against a beach below the
Life 9 Ja
idea of what we saw.
cave.
10 I assert th
News summaries 9 Nov 69
On his 1938 discovery of a pair of 9.000-year-old san-
strongest a
10 I knew I was alone in a way that no earthling has
dals. the oldest dated New World artifacts. quoted by
entific rese
Jane Howard Margaret Mead Simon & Schuster 84
ever been before.
Recalled
On his solo flight in the Apollo 11 command module
LORRAINE LEE CUDMORE
11 I think ano
while astronauts Neil A Armstrong and Edwin E Aldrin
times. the
Jr explored the lunar surface. Time 11 Dec 72
22 We are a sad lot, the cell biologists. Like the furtive
am right.
collectors of stolen art. we are forced to be lonely
ib
WILLIAM G CONWAY, Director, NY Zoological Society
admirers of spectacular architecture, exquisite sym-
metry. dramas of violence and death. mobility, self-
12 The most
11 How can you expect to excite or educate by exhibit-
ing
an
animal
sacrifice and, yes, rococo sex.
mysteriou
in a concrete bathroom that pro-
vides him so little space and variety that he can do
The Center of Life Quadrangle 77
stands at 1
From h
no more than men do in bathrooms.
23 Cells let us walk. talk. think, make love and realize
On improvements at the Bronx Zoo. Wall Street Journal
the bath water is cold.
13 When I
2 Oct 84
ib
I come clo
138
Science
STEWART L UDALL, US Secretary of the Interior
ate Department Office
WILL STEGER
An incredible experience and humbling all the way
12 [We stand] today poised on a pinnacle of wealth and
power, yet we live in a land of vanishing beauty, of
d up there all winter
through. Comment from a member of the first team to reach the
increasing ugliness, of shrinking open space and of
ng.
North Pole without mechanical means since Adm Rob-
an overall environment that is diminished daily by
ry missions rather than
en E Peary's expedition in 1909. NY Times 6 May 86
pollution and noise and blight. This, in brief, is the
nt Arctic research st.
quiet conservation crisis.
WALTER SULLIVAN
The Quiet Crisis Holt. Rinehart & Winston 63
of A black matter equal in mass to millions or billions of
hole
an extremely dense concentration
13 The most common trait of all primitive peoples is a
:
reverence for the life-giving earth. and the Native
1 system containing
American shared this elemental ethic: The land was
$ and high-speed. ac.
suns.
Describing the supermassive black hole thought to be in
alive to his loving touch. and he, its son. was brother
: inhibiting.
the center of the Milky Way galaxy. NY Times 7 Jun 85
to all creatures.
ng. Time 17 Feb 58
ib
ALBERT SZENT-GYÖRGYI, 1937 Nobel laureate
efeller University
14 Mining is like a search-and-destroy mission.
, Research is four things: brains with which to think,
1976-Agenda for Tomorrow Harcourt. Brace & World
whom the childhood
eyes with which to see, machines with which to
68
lingers on. Once he
measure and, fourth, money.
15 Over the long haul of life on this planet, it is the
juestions.
Recalled on his death 22 Oct 86
ecologists. and not the bookkeepers of business.
who are the ultimate accountants.
LEO SZILARD
To Congress of Optimum Population and Environment
ut
4 We turned the switch, saw the flashes, watched for
9 Jun 70
ten minutes, then switched everything off and went
first American in space
home. That night I knew the world was headed for
HAROLD C UREY, 1934 Nobel laureate
sorrow.
16 I thought it might have a practical use in something
On 1939 Columbia University experiment that con-
like neon signs.
firmed atoms could be split, making possible the use of
On developing heavy water. vital to the atomic bomb.
atomic power. recalled on his death 30 May 64
Quote 4 Apr 65
yan's idyllic Beulah
A scientist's aim in a discussion with his colleagues
LARRY VAN GOETHEM
6
IS not to persuade, but to clarify.
ib
17 They travel with a constant companion. autumn.
"Southward Stream of Birds of Prey" NY Times 14 Oct
tle-Wilbraham), British
LEWIS THOMAS
84
t
6 The uniformity of earth's life. more astonishing than
ally held a toad. And
NIKOLAI VERESHCHAGIN, Zoological Institute, Leningrad
its diversity, is accountable by the high probability
I to the toad.
that we derived, originally. from some single cell.
18 I put my hand on the dark skin and felt the chill of
ghway to protect migrat-
fertilized in a bolt of lightning as the earth cooled.
centuries long gone. It was as if I had touched the
1. NY Times 14 Mar 87
Stone Age.
The Lives of a Cell Viking 74
On touching a recently discovered carcass of an infant
It is from the progeny of this parent cell that we all
mammoth. preserved in the Soviet permafrost for an
take our looks: we still share genes around. and the
estimated 40.000 years. London Observer 20 May 79
ng. It brings you great
resemblance of the enzymes of grasses to those of
os you in the back with
LANCE A WALLACE, environmental scientist
whales is in fact a family resemblance.
ib
19 We're all living in a chemical soup.
Newsweek 7 Jan 85
LIONEL TIGER, Professor of Anthropology, Rutgers
nce and Mathematics.
University
CLAUDIA WALLIS
JM
1 Eternal vigilance is the price of sexual confidence.
20 They are babies in waiting. life on ice.
re] allows experimen-
Quoted in Time 25 Nov 85
On sperm cells frozen for preservation. "Quickening
of the real world. This
Debate over Life on Ice" Time 2 Jul 84
g technology.
GHERMAN S TITOV, Soviet cosmonaut
JAMES D WATSON, 1962 Nobel laureate and Director of
mulates a human body's
Spring One. Spring One. I am Eagle. I am Eagle. I
Research, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, NY
12 Nov 85
can hear you very well. I feel excellent. My feeling
21 Biology has at least 50 more interesting years.
IS excellent.
er Assn for the
News summaries 31 Dec 84
Message from Vostok II using the call signal Oriel. or
"Eagle," while orbiting the earth every 88 minutes. NY
22 Take young researchers. put them together in virtual
ics catches up
and
Times 7 Aug 61
seclusion. give them an unprecedented degree of
sts to do all the think-
freedom and turn up the pressure by fostering com-
10 Dear Muscovites. there are no changes in the cabin.
petitiveness.
The pressure is normal, perfect pressure
I
am
On his formula for breakthroughs in research. ib
perfectly comfortable. I wish you the same.
Said as Vostok II passed over Moscow. ib
HARVEY WHEELER
aut
Everything is going well. everything is going mar-
23 The same system that produced a bewildering
You can tell the world
velously. I beg to wish dear Muscovites good night.
succession of new-model. style-obsolescent autos
I am turning in now. You do as you please. but I am
and refrigerators can also produce an endless out-
at brought the spacecraft
turning in.
pouring of new-model. style-obsolescent science.
n's surface. NY Times
ib
NY Times 11 Aug 75
145
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
Danse
to
June 19, 1991
NK THE nex
MEMORANDUM TO CURT SMITH, JENNIFER GROSSMAN
FROM
TONY SNOW TS
SUBJECT
NIH SPEECH
OASTP, typically, has handed us a dull and rather
unimaginative speech draft. We need to breathe life into this
corpse. Looking over the research file, I'd offer several
suggestions.
Roger Portr's preventi- speech
in
1) Determine the story line:
January
We should think of this speech as a way of highlighting the
HHS
productive
administration's primary concern with developing programs that
Hards
produce results, and not just expensive rhetoric. In the area of
health care, we can highlight a) the importance of health-care
reform
reform based upon solid research and upon individual
245
responsibility (this second part is crucial. See the Sullivan
stuff about risk factors, and mention such efforts as the
# 0
immunization iniative, which relies upon individual
responsibility) ; b) the importance of education in building a
better nation -- in this case, we can talk about the science and
idea
biomedical education; c) the importance of innovation -- we can
promote NIH initiatives as part of a larger scheme to encourage
anolating
biomedical innovation. Call the veep's office and see if we have
any deregulatory proposals that try to make it easier for
pharmaceutical companies to develop new drugs, technologies, Competitivenes
treatment approaches, etc. and get them to market quickly; d) Counsel
public-private efforts to make us greater, healthier, happier
you know the drill.
6662 (chand
2) Look carefully at the rhetoric. OASTP has saddled us with
by VP)
some awful cliches -- "We know you will be equal to the task, " as
well as with some questionable factoids, such as the notion that
our AIDS drugs have "saved" lives. We've got a jillion people
running around Florence, Italy this week claiming that we haven't
John 2126
saved anyone from AIDS. I suspect they're right.
The draft also leaves the impression that all our R&D
Corsin
efforts ought to revolve around NIH. Wrong: NIH plays a critical
role, but it cannot and should not monopolize the healing
Nancy
industry.
Michell
Discomeil in Compet
is develop maling recumdations
an how to strealine the descriptional process
so that dingo a be made no availab mere quickly to
we' ~ wals towards
wid like tuste Aircreased
transfer of govt spurouse I
research, like othe Nse ach
Come at NIH, Concil in depetities
has a welling group on thank
2
3) Inject a sense of gosh-golly high-tech excitement. We're
thinking about the unthinkable: genome cures for just about
everything; the possibility of real, effective health care --
maybe even the potential for affordable health care in the
future. But we also must keep in mind the fact that people do
stupid things and make themselves unhealthy. The Sullivan
schtick on personal responsibility really hits the mark, and we
ought to echo it.
4) Stroke the hell out of the audience, as you do: These folks
will like the hype, and they probably deserve it.
5) Finally, a dumb question: Is it "NIH" or "the NIH"?
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
June 19, 1991
MEMORANDUM TO CURT SMITH, JENNIFER GROSSMAN
FROM
TONY SNOW TS
SUBJECT
NIH SPEECH
OASTP, typically, has handed us a dull and rather
unimaginative speech draft. We need to breathe life into this
corpse. Looking over the research file, I'd offer several
suggestions.
1) Determine the story line:
We should think of this speech as a way of highlighting the
administration's primary concern with developing programs that
produce results, and not just expensive rhetoric. In the area of
health care, we can highlight a) the importance of health-care
reform based upon solid research and upon individual
responsibility (this second part is crucial. See the Sullivan
stuff about risk factors, and mention such efforts as the
immunization iniative, which relies upon individual
responsibility) ; b) the importance of education in building a
better nation -- in this case, we can talk about the science and
biomedical education; c) the importance of innovation -- we can
promote NIH initiatives as part of a larger scheme to encourage
biomedical innovation. Call the veep's office and see if we have
any deregulatory proposals that try to make it easier for
pharmaceutical companies to develop new drugs, technologies,
treatment approaches, etc. and get them to market quickly; d)
public-private efforts to make us greater, healthier, happier --
you know the drill.
2) Look carefully at the rhetoric. OASTP has saddled us with
some awful cliches -- "We know you will be equal to the task," as
well as with some questionable factoids, such as the notion that
our AIDS drugs have "saved" lives. We've got a jillion people
running around Florence, Italy this week claiming that we haven't
saved anyone from AIDS. I suspect they're right.
The draft also leaves the impression that all our R&D
efforts ought to revolve around NIH. Wrong: NIH plays a critical
role, but it cannot and should not monopolize the healing
industry.
2
3) Inject a sense of gosh-golly high-tech excitement. We're
thinking about the unthinkable: genome cures for just about
everything; the possibility of real, effective health care --
maybe even the potential for affordable health care in the
future. But we also must keep in mind the fact that people do
stupid things and make themselves unhealthy. The Sullivan
schtick on personal responsibility really hits the mark, and we
ought to echo it.
4) Stroke the hell out of the audience, as you do: These folks
will like the hype, and they probably deserve it.
5) Finally, a dumb question: Is it "NIH" or "the NIH"?
TO:
MARLIN FITZWATER
FROM:
CURT SMITH
RE:
NIH SPEECH
DATE:
JUNE 20, 1991
The enclosed speech salutes the June 24 appointment of Dr.
Bernadine Healy as Director of the National Institutes of Health.
It talks of past NIH contributions from polio research to
biomedical advances in heart disease -- and discusses the
center's work today. A large part of that work is prevention --
stopping disease before it strikes. In that context, the speech
praises Secretary Sullivan's reorganization plan to bring three
more institutes to NIH -- making it easier to combat such bad
habits as smoking which lead to ill health.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
June 18, 1991
MEMORANDUM FOR JENNIFER GROSSMAN
FROM:
HANNS KUTTNER +6563
SUBJECT:
The President's Remarks at the NIH
Secretary Sullivan yesterday announced the Administration
is proposing legislation that would reorganize the National
Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and
Mental Health Administration (ADAMHA).
The Proposal
We are proposing to reorganize the Alcohol, Drug Abuse,
and Mental Health Administration by moving its three research
institutes -- the National Institute of Mental Health, the
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and the
National Institute on Drug Abuse -- to the National Institutes
of Health.
This will bring all the biomedical research enterprise
together in one place. It also relieves ADAMHA from its
schizoid existence as both research and services agency. Now
it will be free to focus on the challenges of how best to treat
and prevent drug abuse, alcoholism, and mental illness.
Its Significance
The President needs to warmly support this move.
The move positions the NIH to deal with the most important
health challenge we face: changing those behaviors that
lead to ill health.
He also must pose the move as a challenge to the
biomedical research community. This challenge is based on
the fact that it becomes more and more clear that much
illness and illhealth results from the interaction of
personal behavior and the body. (See the attached quote
from Secretary Sullivan on the magnitude of this.)
-- Thus the President has declared prevention and change
in those behaviors that lead to illhealth as the
basis for what must be the goal of our health policy
-- a healthier America. (There might be some play on
the fact that the NIH is located within an
organization named the Public Health Service.)
-2-
--
1991 state of the union: "And so we are proposing an
aggressive program of new prevention initiatives --
for infants, for children, for adults, and for the
elderly -- to promote a healthier America and to help
keep costs from spiralling."
The President's Remarks
The President's remarks should reference the proposal,
support it as being an excellent idea on Dr. Sullivan's part,
and, most importantly, pose it as something that will challenge
the biomedical research community to develop more effective
prevention approaches using the presence of the three new
institutes as a catalyst.
* * *
I've spoken today with Dan Casse, and he is in accord with
this approach.
CC: Dan Casse
Attachment
Address by Secy Sullivan to the APHA
It has been estimated that we could eliminate 45% of deaths from
cardiovascular disease, 23% of deaths from cancer and more than
50% of the disabling complications of diabetes through
prevention.
Better control of fewer than 10 risk factors -- such as poor
diet, infrequent exercise, tobacco use, alcohol and drug abuse,
and seat belt use -- could prevent between 40 and 70% of all
premature deaths, one third of all cases of acute disability and
two-thirds of all cases of chronic disability.