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Souda Bay Naval Station - Crete 7/20/91 [OA 8325] [1]
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26
21
5
3
July 1, 1991
MEMORANDUM FOR DAN McGROARTY
FROM:
BOB SIMON
d
SUBJECT:
SOUDA BAY
The President will speak from the dock with the U.S. frigate and
the Greek frigate Lemnos behind him. He will tour both ships
before speaking. The Lemnos is the pride and joy of the Greek
navy. The war with Iraq marked the first time that either the
Lemnos or its sister ship the Elli were deployed outside the Med.
Both served as part of the interdiction effort to enforce economic
sanctions against Iraq -- an ongoing effort.
(Lemnos is a Greek isle over which there is some dispute with
Turkey. No appropriate angle there! Elli is a feminine Greek
name.)
Crete was conquered by the Nazis in 1940 by overcoming British
defenders. In antiquity, Crete was where Ulysses battled the
Cyclops. It was also the home of the original "Labyrinth," a maze-
like palace whose over-all plan was known only to the architect.
Speaking to the Greek parliament on Dec. 15, 1959, Ike said: "We
must be strong militarily, economically -- but above all,
spiritually. By developing and preserving such strength -- by
forever repudiating the use of aggressive force -- we shall win the
sort of peace we want; with friendship in freedom." He also noted
the Greek Expeditionary Force in the Korean war; hence, the Gulf
war is not the first time Greeks fought in an international
coalition against aggression.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
July 13, 1991
MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT
THROUGH:
DAVID DEMAREST
TONY SNOW TS
FROM:
DAN McGROARTY DMR
SUBJECT:
SOUDA BAY NAVAL BASE, CRETE
I. SUMMARY
On Friday, July 19, at 11:20 a.m., you will tour the
USS De Wert and the Greek frigate Lemnos, then give brief
remarks on the dock at the Souda Bay Naval Base on Crete.
II. DISCUSSION
The remarks (7 minutes, on cards) pay tribute to the
efforts of Greek and American sailors during Desert
Shield/Storm, and discuss our mutual security interests.
McGroarty/Simon
July 13, 1991
10:40 am
[SOUDA]
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: CREWS OF THE LEMNOS AND USS DE WERT
SOUDA BAY, CRETE
JULY 19, 1991
11:20 A.M.
[Introductory acknowledgements.) {Greek Captain.} Captain
Tom Myers. // I am delighted to be here this morning with my
good friend, Prime Minister Mitsotakis -- to visit this historic
island, this land of memory and myth. And I am deeply honored to
meet today the officers and crew of these two proud ships: the
Lemnos and the USS De Wert. //
Before I go any farther, let me salute the tireless support
team here at Souda Bay. In the months since last August 2, Souda
serviced 97 ships, loaded and unloaded 13,000 tons of cargo,
handled 31,000 flights, pumped four and a half million pounds of
jet fuel. // Souda Bay has run round the clock at break-neck
pace -- three-, four- and five hundred percent above normal. Day
after day, Souda Bay was called on to keep the supply lines
moving -- and day after day, Souda Bay did its duty with
distinction. //
A few moments ago, I had the pleasure of touring the Lemnos,
speaking to some of her sailors. Let me say to all of you, and
to you, Mr. Prime Minister: My visit to your great country would
not be complete without an opportunity to thank the members of
the Greek Armed Forces, a key member of our coalition. / Greece
2
stood with us -- from the very first moments of DESERT SHIELD, to
the final victory in DESERT STORM. //
Flying in today, looking down as we came in over Souda Bay,
put me in mind of my own Navy days many, many years ago. // I
left the Navy as a lieutenant, junior grade -- but I've never
left behind the lessons I learned in my years of service about
friendships forged in times of war -- about the world-shaking
power of these simple words: duty / honor / country. // Today
-- not as President or head of state -- without regard to flag or
rank, as a former sailor, I salute you. //
I mentioned a moment ago my visit to the Lemnos -- let me
speak for a moment to the sailors of the USS De Wert. //
Daring, Dauntless, Defiant: that is your motto -- the proud
legacy the De Wert carries with it wherever she sails. / It is
a special pleasure to meet you here, so far from home and hearth
-- to bring you, on behalf of friends and family, on behalf of
all Americans, a nation's heartfelt thanks. //
A larger task unites the De Wert and the Lemnos -- and the
two nations they represent. Two thousand years ago, Thucydides
[Thoo-CID-uh-dees] wrote: "Freedom, if we hold fast to it, will
ultimately restore our losses -- but submission will mean the
permanent loss of all that we value
To you who call
yourselves men of peace, I say: You are not safe unless you have
men of action at your side."
3
Today, just as these two ships are moored bow to bow --- so
too the key to keeping our nations secure remains the Atlantic
Alliance. //
For four decades, America and Greece have been dedicated
members of NATO: committed to a common goal -- partners in
peace. //
That is why I am pleased to announce during this visit a
series of initiatives designed to strengthen U.S.-Greek security
-- and to help modernize the Greek armed forces. First, I have
expressed to Prime Minister Mitsotakis our readiness to lease
your country two Knox-class frigates for the Hellenic Navy.
Second, we will accelerate the delivery of 10 F4-E aircraft to
Greece this summer, with an additional 18 to follow in autumn.
Third, we are pleased Greece has decided to purchase 20 F-16's
for its Air Force. Fourth and finally, we plan to transfer to
Greece from existing NATO stocks a large number of tanks and
artillery that will measurably increase Greece's defensive
capabilities.
Each of these steps reaffirms our close and critical defense
relationship with our valued NATO ally, Greece. Our support for
Greek security will not waver. //
Through the long decades of Cold War and conflict, Greece
stood at NATO's strategic southern flank. Today, with East-West
confrontation behind us -- with dangers of a different sort made
clear by DESERT STORM -- Greece remains a key to peace and
stability in the Mediterranean -- and beyond. //
4
Thousands of years after the first triremes [TRY-reems]
sailed these waters -- thousands of miles from the shores of
Crete, threats to peace demand our rapid and unwavering response.
Greece understands these challenges. The Lemnos -- along with
its sister ship, the Elli -- joined coalition ships patrolling
the Red Sea: the first time Greek forces have taken part in
operations outside the Mediterranean. //
Greece remains a valued ally -- and the United States
remains committed to helping Greece maintain its ability to
perform its vital NATO missions.
Greece can be certain U.S. support will remain steadfast and
strong. //
Once again, Barbara and I thank you for your warm welcome -
- and for your service to the cause of peace. // May God bless
the Lemnos and the USS De Wert -- and all who sail in these proud
ships.
# # #
McGroarty/Simon
July 12, 1991
2:30 pm
[SOUDA]
***INCLUDES NSC COMMENTS, W/SHORTENED "MIL. ASST" INSERT, P.3***
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: CREWS OF THE LEMNOS AND USS DE WERT
SOUDA BAY, CRETE
JULY 19, 1991
11:20 A.M.
[Introductory acknowledgements.] {Greek Captain.} Captain
Tom Myers. // I am delighted to be here this morning with my
good friend, Prime Minister Mitsotakis -- to visit this historic
island, this land of memory and myth. And I am deeply honored to
meet today the officers and crew of these two proud ships: the
Lemnos and the USS De Wert. //
Before I go any farther, let me salute the tireless support
team here at Souda Bay. In the months since last August 2, Souda
serviced 97 ships, loaded and unloaded 13,000 tons of cargo,
handled 31,000 flights, pumped four and a half million pounds of
jet fuel. // Souda Bay has run round the clock at break-neck
pace -- three-, four- and five hundred percent above normal. Day
after day, Souda Bay was called on to keep the supply lines
moving -- and day after day, Souda Bay did its duty with
distinction. //
A few moments ago, I had the pleasure of touring the Lemnos,
speaking to some of her sailors. Let me say to all of you, and
to you, Mr. Prime Minister: My visit to your great country would
not be complete without an opportunity to thank the members of
the Greek Armed Forces, a key member of our coalition. / Greece
2
stood with us -- from the very first moments of DESERT SHIELD, to
the final victory in DESERT STORM. //
Flying in today, looking down as we came in over Souda Bay,
put me in mind of my own Navy days many, many years ago. // I
left the Navy as a lieutenant, junior grade -- but I've never
left behind the lessons I learned in my years of service about
friendships forged in times of war -- about the world-shaking
power of these simple words: duty / honor / country. // Today
-- not as President or head of state -- without regard to flag or
rank, as a former sailor, I salute you. //
I mentioned a moment ago my visit to the Lemnos -- let me
speak for a moment to the sailors of the USS De Wert. //
Daring, Dauntless, Defiant: that is your motto -- the proud
legacy the De Wert carries with it wherever she sails. / It is
a special pleasure to meet you here, so far from home and hearth
-- to bring you, on behalf of friends and family, on behalf of
all Americans, a nation's heartfelt thanks. //
A larger task unites the De Wert and the Lemnos -- and the
two nations they represent. Two thousand years ago, Thucydides
[Thoo-CID-uh-dees] wrote: "Freedom, if we hold fast to it, will
ultimately restore our losses -- but submission will mean the
permanent loss of all that we value
To you who call
yourselves men of peace, I say: You are not safe unless you have
men of action at your side. "
3
Today, just as these two ships are moored bow to bow --- so
too the key to keeping our nations secure remains the Atlantic
Alliance. //
For four decades, America and Greece have been dedicated
members of NATO: committed to a common goal -- partners in
peace. //
That is why I am pleased to announce during this visit a
series of initiatives designed to strengthen U.S.-Greek security
-- and to help modernize the Greek armed forces. First, I have
expressed to Prime Minister Mitsotakis our readiness to lease
your country two Knox-class frigates for the Hellenic Navy.
Second, we will accelerate the delivery of 10 F4-E aircraft to
Greece this summer, with an additional 18 to follow in autumn.
Third, we are pleased Greece has decided to purchase 20 F-16's
for its Air Force. Fourth and finally, we plan to transfer to
Greece from existing NATO stocks a large number of tanks and
artillery that will measurably increase Greece's defensive
capabilities.
Each of these steps reaffirms the enduring strength of our
commitment to the security of Greece. //
Through the long decades of Cold War and conflict, Greece
stood at NATO's strategic southern flank. Today, with East-West
confrontation behind us -- with dangers of a different sort made
clear by DESERT STORM -- Greece remains a key to peace and
stability in the Mediterranean -- and beyond. //
4
[TRY. - reems]
Thousands of years after the first triremes sailed these
1
waters -- thousands of miles from the shores of Crete, threats to
peace demand our rapid and unwavering response. Greece
understands these challenges. The Lemnos -- along with its
sister ship, the Elli -- joined coalition ships patrolling the
Red Sea: the first time Greek forces have taken part in
operations outside the Mediterranean. //
Greece remains a valued ally -- and the United States
remains committed to helping Greece maintain its ability to
perform its vital NATO missions.
Greece can be certain U.S. support will remain steadfast and
strong. //
Once again, Barbara and I thank you for your warm welcome -
- and for your service to the cause of peace. // May God bless
the Lemnos and the USS De Wert -- and all who sail in these proud
ships.
# # #
McGroarty/Simon
July 10, 1991
12:30 pm
[SOUDA]
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: CREWS OF THE LEMNOS AND USS DE WERT
SOUDA BAY, CRETE
JULY 19, 1991
11:20 A.M.
Cupt. Tom Meyers
[Introductory acknowledgements.] // I am delighted to be
here this morning -- to visit this historic island, this land of
memory and myth. And I am deeply honored to meet today the
officers and crew of these two proud ships: the Lemnos and the
USS De Wert. //
Before I go any farther, let me salute the tireless support
Chief team here at Souda Bay. In the months since last August 2, Souda
Farley
serviced 97 ships, loaded and unloaded 13,000 tons of cargo,
Souda
pounds
Bay
handled 31,000 flights, pumped four and a half million gallons (?)
Naval
of jet fuel. // Souda Bay has run round the clock at break-
Base
neck pace -- three-, four- and five hundred percent above normal.
Day after day, Souda Bay was called on to keep the supply lines
moving -- and day after day, Souda Bay did its duty with
distinction. //
A few moments ago, I had the pleasure of touring the Lemnos,
speaking to some of her sailors. Let me say to all of you what I
said this morning to Prime Minister Matsotakis. My visit to your
great country would not be complete without an opportunity to
thank the members of the Greek Armed Forces. / Greece stood
with us -- from the very first moments of DESERT SHIELD, to the
final victory in DESERT STORM. //
2
Flying in today, looking down as we came in over Souda Bay,
put me in mind of my own Navy days many, many years ago. // I
Ron
Rhodes
left the Navy as a lieutenant, junior grade -- but I've never
left behind the lessons I learned in my years of service about
friendships forged in times of war -- about the world-shaking
power of simple words like duty / honor / country. // Today --
not as President or head of state -- without regard to flag or
rank, as a former sailor, I salute you. //
I mentioned a moment ago my visit to the Lemnos -- let me
see info
From
speak for a moment to the sailors of the USS De Wert. //
Navy
in
Daring, Dauntless, Defiant: that is your motto -- the proud
file
legacy the De Wert carries with it wherever she sails. / It is
a special pleasure to meet you here, so far from home and hearth
-- to bring you, on behalf of friends and family, on behalf of
all Americans, a nation's heartfelt thanks. - //
A larger task unites the De Wert and the Lemnos -- and the
two nations they represent. Two thousand years ago, Thucydides
[thu-ciD-da-deez]
see
wrote: "Freedom, if we hold fast to it, will ultimately restore
file
our losses -- but submission will mean the permanent loss of all
that we value
To you who call yourselves men of peace, I
say: You are not safe unless you have men of action at your
side."
Today, just as these two ships are moored bow to bow --- so
too the key to self defense in our world remains collective
security. //
3
Encyclopedia For more than four decades, America and Greece have been
dedicated members of the NATO alliance: committed to a common
They joined
in 1952 goal -- partners in peace. //
Through the long decades of Cold War and conflict, Greece
stood at NATO's strategic southern flank. Today, with East-West
tensions winding down -- with dangers of a different sort made
clear by DESERT STORM -- Greece remains a key to peace and
stability in the Mediterranean -- and beyond. //
That is the lesson of DESERT STORM. Thousands of years
after the first triremes sailed these waters -- thousands of
miles from the shores of Crete, threats to peace demand our rapid
and unwavering response. Greece understands these challenges.
John
The Lemnos -- along with its sister ship, the Elli -- joined
Long
Greek coalition ships patrolling the Red Sea: the first time Greek
Desk
forces have taken part in operations outside the Mediterranean.
647-6113
//
Greece remains a valued ally -- and the United States
remains committed to helping Greece maintain its ability to
perform its vital NATO missions. Greece can be certain U.S.
support will remain steadfast and strong. //
Once again, Barbara andl I thank you for your warm welcome
-- and for your service to the cause of peace. // May God bless
the Lemnos and the USS De Wert -- and all who sail in these proud
ships.
# # #
Books in Review
Athens VS. Sparta
ephemeral yet still integral to the
our most expensive universities and
web of events.
to treat the History of Thucydides
THE OUTBREAK OF THE PELO-
Now imagine that despite his
as just one more text among many,
PONNESIAN WAR (391 pp., $42.50,
shortcomings, this vastly enhanced
of inevitably modest importance
1969); THE ARCHIDAMIAN WAR
Rommel had written a history of
alongside the writings of every age
(367 pp., $39.50, 1974); THE
World War II of such surpassing
and culture. We could, moreover,
PEACE OF NICIAS AND THE
merit in every way that it caused
cheerfully overlook its limitations
SICILIAN EXPEDITION (372 pp.,
all other contemporary accounts to
as a source by agreeing that the
$39.50, 1981); THE FALL OF THE
be abandoned without trace, keep-
warfare it records among Athens,
ATHENIAN EMPIRE (426 pp.,
ing subsequent historians in its
Sparta, and even pettier town-states
$39.50, 1987). By DONALD
thrall thematically, factually, and
two-and-a-half millennia ago was
KAGAN. Cornell University Press.
stylistically, and indeed defining
of no greater importance than, say,
the very task of writing history.
African tribal struggles, Aztec
Reviewed by EDWARD N. LUTTWAK
What would we then know of
slave-raiding expeditions, the Mog-
World War II? As it is, the gap
ul invasion of the Deccan, or the
TMAGINE that the only contempo-
between the texts-official histories
contemporaneous strife of the Chi-
1rary record of most events of
included-that now fill our librar-
nese warring states. Since none of
World War II had been written by
ies and the findings of the latest
these episodes is anywhere nearly
a well-known general on the losing
documentary research is becoming
so well documented as the Pelo-
side, seriously at odds with his own
embarrassingly wide, so that repu-
ponnesian War, historiographical
people-a Rommel, say, though of
tations once secure are now greatly
egalitarianism would surely com-
philosophical disposition, moral
diminished by recent scholarship
pel us to research them first, rather
clarity, evident compassion, and al-
while others have been greatly ele-
than striving for further clarifica-
together superior intellect. Such a
vated; various events once supposed
tions of the minor details of a war
Rommel would be an incompara-
to have been inevitable are now
so remote in time, and materially
bly greater man than his real-life
revealed as adventitious, and vice
so insignificant.
prototype, but as a historical source
versa; and the Holocaust is slowly
But even though no human cul-
his shortcomings would still be
emerging as the central event of
ture should be alien to us, and
most severe. Because of the inevi-
Hitler's war, but less and less a
curiosity about the past, regardless
table limits of his knowledge of a
purely German crime. What colos-
of what ensued from it, needs no
complicated and protracted war,
sal mystifications would be uncov-
justification, it is simply foolish to
many events would escape his scru-
ered, what sort of sweeping reap-
deny that the history of the Greeks
tiny in the whole or in detail; be-
praisal of causes and modalities
before, during, and after the Pelo-
cause of the unconscious partisan-
would be necessary, if till now the
ponnesian War is of incomparably
ship induced by his origins and
only record of what happened be-
greater significance than the deeds
fate, further events would be subtly
tween 1939 and 1945 had been a
of Aztecs, African tribes, Moguls, or
or less subtly distorted; and given
single book by our transfigured
ancient Chinese-and precisely be-
the great variety of polities, cus-
Rommel?
cause of. what ensued from that
toms, and procedures he would
That, in short, is more or less our
history. Instead of surviving only
have to cover, still other events
condition vis-à-vis the Peloponne-
as a passive residue, of great schol-
would be obscured by confusions
sian War between Athens and Spar-
arly and antiquarian interest per-
technical, topographic, or even po-
ta, which lasted from 431 to 404
haps but no more, the record of
B.C.E. and resulted in the transfer of
litical. Finally, there would be a
what a few Greeks said and did so
partiality entirely deliberate,
hegemony over Greece from Athens
long ago still resonates vibrantly in
to Sparta. But in the case of the
caused by the author's selection of
our own day-and not least for
Peloponnesian War there are no
Latin Americans, Africans, Indi-
what he deemed most important,
archives to redeem our dependence
ans, and Chinese. The comedies of
thereby slighting other facts per-
on Thucydides, son of Olorus,
the Greeks make us laugh and their
haps only circumstantial and
born around 460 B.C.E., one of ten
tragedies make us weep, we know
generals elected in 424, there-
EDWARD N. LUTTWAK holds the Ar-
their names and even their feelings
leigh Burke Chair in Strategy at the
after exiled from Athens for twenty
as we share in their great events,
Center for Strategic and International
years, and the author of the great
glorious victories, crushing defeats,
Studies, Washington, D.C. His books
History of the war that breaks off
or agonized debates. But it is above
include The Grand Strategy of the Ro-
abruptly in the year 411.
all, the ideas of those 5th-century
man Empire, The Pentagon and the
One very simple solution to our
Greeks that are so completely alive
Art of War, and Strategy: The Logic
difficulties would be to adopt the
for us.
of War and Peace.
view already sanctioned by many of
Our own schools and universi-
60
BOOKS IN REVIEW/61
ties may now be subjected to a
us Thucydides the philosopher of
are only hints and jocular referen-
regime of cultural relativism, but
life and continuing master of our
ces to the events and personalities
polite pretense or academic perver-
thoughts.
of the war. But because these plays
sity cannot alter the primacy of the
To build the edifice of a coherent
were performed for a public that
culture that invented the three
and more comprehensive history of
included many who actually took
nd
ideas which are still instructing,
the Peloponnesian War around the
part in those events and knew those
inspiring, and conquering minds
incomplete and often cryptic text of
personalities quite intimately, au-
ly,
all over the planet: the idea of sci-
Thucydides, Kagan has employed
thenticity is uniquely guaranteed:
ce
ence-that is, the quest for rational
several methods.
had Aristophanes been inaccurate,
ge
explanations by refutable hypothe-
First, he has made the fullest use
his audience would have missed the
er,
sis, invented by the ancient Greeks
of all other contemporary sources,
joke and his parodic intention
ns
alone and by no one else; the idea
poor as they are. In the comedies
would have misfired. Kagan ex-
he
of democracy and its concomitant,
of Aristophanes, for example, there
tracts what he can from this source,
is,
the priority of freedom as the great-
es
est happiness, most famously ex-
as
pressed by Pericles in the funeral
y,
oration which Thucydides reports
ec
(or improves), but concretely man-
NEW FROM LibertyClassics
as
ifest in the detailed political prac-
HISTORY OF THE RISE, PROGRESS, AND
he
tices he records; and the idea of the
TERMINATION OF THE AMERICAN
i-
individual personality as a universe
of
of consciousness, rather than as a
REVOLUTION
ly
mere fragment of some imposed
INTERSPERSED WITH BIOGRAPHICAL, POLITICAL
0-
collectivity, whether tribe, nation,
AND MORAL OBSERVATIONS
al
civic community, or family, wheth-
By Mercy Otis Warren
n-
er caste, faith, class, or party.
Edited and annotated by Lester H. Cohen
er
These three intertwined ideas,
"At last Mercy Otis Warren is enabled to claim the
a-
more subversive today than ever
place she deserves in American intellectual history.
ar
before of every form of political,
Lester Cohen has written a powerful introduction
ly
which situates Warren in the cultural context of the
ideological, religious, and social
revolutionary era. Warren's work is now far more
oppression, are autonomously liv-
accessible to us than it has been. No future student of the
1-
ing forces. Simply because they
early republic will be able to take Warren for granted."
d
arose in that place and time, the
-Linda K. Kerber, University of Iowa
SS
Peloponnesian War is far more
M
ercy Otis Warren was the most formidable
10
than another historical episode
woman intellectual in early America, and a
to
proponent of the American Revolution. This work
among many. Because all three
(in the first new edition since 1805) is an exciting
KS
ideas pervade and find within the
narrative of the Revolution, from the Stamp Act of
o-
History of Thucydides their finest
1765 through ratification of the Constitution in
ly
expression, that text is far more
1787-88.
is
than just another text among
Volume I - 382 + xliv pages. Foreward, bibli-
or
many.
ography, editor's note, list of abbreviations.
e-
Volume II - 380 + XV pages. Index for both
volumes.
at
AND this is the text that has been
Hardcover
$30.00 the set
0-86597-066-1
Liberty Fund, Inc.
ly
the subject of the twenty-year la-
Paperback
$15.00 the set
0-86597-069-6
7440 North Shadeland Ave.
1-
bors of Donald Kagan, long-time
Prepayment is required on all orders not for resale. We
Indianapolis, IN 46250
r-
professor of history and classics at
pay book rate postage on prepaid orders. Please allow
of
Yale. In four volumes and 1,556
approximately 4 weeks for delivery. All orders from
outside the United States must be prepaid in U.S. dollars.
O
pages (not counting appendices,
write: To order, or for a copy of our NEW 1989 catalogue,
n
bibliographies, and indices), of
or
i-
which the last has recently been
Please send me: History of the Rise
published, Kagan contends with
of
of
the American Revolution.
Thucydides as a historical source
ir
Liberty Fund edition, 1988
Enclosed is my check or money order
while incidentally displaying for
Quan.
made payable to Liberty Fund, Inc.
Price
Amount
W
Hardcover
$30.00
Please send me a copy of your NEW
* My thirteen-year-old son, unprompted,
1989 catalogue.
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$15.00
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complains that he is not allowed to study
Name
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e
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taught by one also forced to teach about
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62/COMMENTARY MARCH 1989
which many previous scholars have
his use of the later writings of an-
er reliance on him is thus solidly
simply overlooked. Similarly, he
tiquity. Diodorus the Sicilian (Si-
justified.
strives to use fragments from the
culus), author of the Bibliotheke
speeches of Andocines the compan-
Historike, a world history in forty
THIRD, Kagan is not afraid to evoke
ion of Alcibiades, and of Lysias the
books, lived at the time of Julius
analogies, ancient and modern. Al-
orator (whose views do not appear
Caesar some four centuries after
though they can provide no new
to have been mechanically condi-
Pericles. He was, moreover, a rather
facts they can offer explanations for
tioned by the fact that his family
uncritical compiler of previous
facts unexplained, poorly ex-
owned a shield factory), and from
texts. But because among his sour-
plained, or even misrepresented in
Plato, who as it happens is of re-
ces were earlier writers who in turn
the primary sources-and in Thu-
markably little use though he was
had access to solid evidence, Kagan
cydides most often. For even Thu-
over twenty when the war ended.
uses what he can of the fifteen
cydides, whose insistence on expla-
Xenophon (born C. 430 B.C.E.), an
surviving volumes (which fortu-
nation defined the very nature of
experienced soldier, a late-phase
nately include the period 480-323
historiography (as against mere
participant in the war, and a pro-
B.C.E.), just as he carefully extracts
chronography), and whose honesty
lific writer, could have been the
bits and pieces from the unreliable
and insight are so inspiring-even
ideal author of a competing version
biographies of Cornelius Nepos,
Thucydides can nod, and his exper-
of the war from a pro-Spartan per-
the military anecdotes of Frontinus
tise too is not limitless.
spective; though he was an Athen-
(1st century C.E.), the abridged his-
That analogy is a dangerous de-
ian, it was Sparta that gained his
tory of the still later Justinus, and
vice is clear enough, for it can
loyalty, and kept it even after later
so forth, and also consults Aris-
easily serve to mislead. But Kagan
defeat at the hands of Thebes. As
totle, who was of course much clos-
does not employ analogies to per-
it was, though, Xenophon must
er in time to the war but otherwise
suade us; his purpose, rather, is to
have been one of the first to be
preoccupied.
find new explanations, which he
dissuaded from emulating his pred-
Even bolder because altogether
then offers in full for our own
ecessor by the immensity of the
larger is Kagan's use of Plutarch,
scrutiny. Thus, for example, in dis-
latter's achievement. (Others did
who lived half a millennium after
cussing the Athenian invasion of
write, but in competition with
the events of the war, and under a
Aetolia in 426 B.C.E., Kagan invokes
Thucydides their works could not
Roman imperial autocracy in
the analogy of Churchill's landings
attract enough interest to ensure
many ways more different from the
at Gallipoli to suggest that the
survival-only the names of such
age of Pericles than are our own
Athenian strategy may have been
lost authors have been preserved.)
days of turbulence and freedom.
sound even though this particular
In his Hellenika, Xenophon mere-
Worse, Plutarch's Bioi paralleloi,
application of it failed. After point-
ly tries to continue where Thucy-
the "parallel lives" of eminent Ro-
ing out that in 426 as in 1915,
dides left off in 411 B.C.E., and the
mans and Greeks, are moral and
powerful alliances were stalemated
book's shortcomings (glaring dis-
psychological character studies
in a war of attrition, Kagan quotes
tortions, worse omissions) are so
rather than "life-and-times" biog-
Churchill on the merits of surprise
severe that Kagan follows all mod-
raphies. Hence, historical events
outflanking maneuvers as a path to
ern historians in preferring the ac-
are described in them only inciden-
victory that can "save slaughter."
count of a later anonymous his-
tally, when they figure in illustra-
He then reproduces Churchill's list
torian recovered in 1906 from
tive anecdotes. For these reasons,
of the conditions under which even
papyrus, as well as much later au-
Plutarch on Pericles, Alcibiades,
a secondary front can be a decisive
thors.
Nicias, etc., has been little used by
theater
if the strongest power
There are also some contempo-
previous historians of the war.
cannot be directly defeated itself,
rary inscriptions, though many
Obviously Kagan relies on a par-
but cannot stand without the weak-
fewer than would be the case for,
ticular statement in Plutarch only
est, it is the weakest that should be
say, the Roman empire, where the
when he has no stronger corrobo-
attacked"). Kagan then tests the cir-
abundance of surviving epigraphic
ration, for otherwise he would not
cumstances of 426 B.C.E. by Chur-
material allows the reconstruction
need so very late an author. But the
chill's criteria, and finds that the
of entire decades of history without
reliability of Plutarch as a whole
Aetolian operation, like the Galli-
a single narrative source. For 5th-
can be tested in detail, because
poli landings, could have been so
century Greece the most notable
some of his Roman lives at least are
successful as to justify the risk. The
epigraphs are the Athenian Tribute-
well documented in other texts of
overall effect is illuminating and,
Lists, which record the voluntary
known reliability, and, even better,
to this reader at least, persuasive.
and involuntary affiliates of that
by epigraphic, numismatic, even
peculiar empire. Cut in stone or
archeological evidence. Unlike that
FOURTH, Kagan, a scholar of the
scratched on pieces of broken pot-
other collection of biographies, the
classics, that most disciplined of
tery (ostraka), the inscriptions that
pseudonymous Historia Augusta
disciplines, has also made complete
survive, mostly in fragments, can-
so heavily followed by Gibbon and
use of the abundant modern re-
not tell stories, but they do provide
now condemned as hopelessly un-
search on the war, in French and
factual reference points for Kagan's
reliable, Plutarch's Roman biogra-
Italian as well as German. On im-
account, sometimes invaluably.
phies have triumphantly survived
portant points, the views of earlier
systematic comparisons with the
historians are not merely cited but
SECOND, Kagan has been bold in
mass of new evidence; Kagan's wid-
quoted, sometimes by the para-
BOOKS IN REVIEW/63
dly
graph; without pedantic excess the
terms of debate are defined, rival
hypotheses deployed, criteria of se-
oke
lection established, and only then
"Here is a treatise on urban renewal that has al-
Al-
does Kagan present his own view.
lew
That view, moreover, is always
most nothing to do with government. You'll like
for
sound, often subtle, and not infre-
the beat. It bounces."
ex-
quently original.
in
Finally, Kagan employs the in-
iu-
formation he derives from all four
-- Daniel Patrick Moynihan
iu-
methods to extract more from
la-
Thucydides himself than any pre-
of
vious scholar. This is a text which
ere
ever since the 3rd century B.C.E. has
sty
been subjected to systematic edit-
en
ing, exegesis, and internal analysis.
er-
Work begun so well by the Helle-
nistic scholiasts of Alexandria-
le-
their "book" divisions, still fol-
NEW YORK
an
lowed in every modern edition, are
New
an
the convenient length of a papyrus
er-
roll-was being continued by Byz-
UNBOUND
to
antine commentators a thousand
he
years later, and was resumed in the
York
West as soon as a knowledge of
Attic Greek was broadly revived in
of
the 16th century. Kagan ably stands
es
on the shoulders of all his prede-
Unbound
gs
cessors, to construe more than ever
he
before from the much-studied text.
The City and the
ALTHOUGH I am not qualified to
Politics of the
assess the validity of Kagan's choi-
5,
ces when alternative theories are in
Edited by
:d
Future
contention, there are some things
PETER D.SALINS
es
that even a nonspecialist can assert
Edited by Peter D. Salins
with confidence about his recon-
struction of the Peloponnesian
War.
This is above all a wonderfully
New York Unbound is a critical examination of the problems and prospects of
attractive work. Once the reading
New York City. As the authors take stock of the city's remarkable resources,
begins, the four volumes seem not
they argue for the release of market forces to stimulate further growth, greater
too long but too short; it was in
prosperity and opportunity.
the middle of the second volume
that I began to dread the parting
The contributors include Blanche Bernstein, Nathan Glazer, Paul Goldberger,
to come. Given the interest of the
Jose A. Gomez-Ibanez, Andrew Hacker, Harold M. Hochman, Frank J.. Mac-
subject, only a poor style could
chiarola, E.S. Savas, Roger Starr, Mark A. Willis, and Louis Winnick.
dissuade, but Kagan's style is light
and perfectly lucid, always elegant,
$19.95 hardcover 223 pages 1-55786-008-4
never intrusive. For all its care and
A Manhattan Institute Book.
completeness, Kagan's careful
scholarship does not at any point
deprive us of the dramatic excite-
ment which makes the reading of
Thucydides himself as stirring as it
is instructive.
It seems most unlikely that the
fate of Kagan's four volumes will
be settled once and for all by their
Available at Bookstores
Basil Blackwell
current publication, for he too has
or by calling
432 Park Avenue South
written a work that will attract the
Toll-Free: 1-800-638-3030
New York, NY 10016
continuing attention of future
generations. In the meantime, to
read these volumes is a delight not
64/COMMENTARY MARCH 1989
to be missed: seldom is such pro-
their origins and the modern Ger-
ism was barely in evidence in the
found education so amply pleasur-
man and European world with
United States when Reform arrived
able.
which they identified and in which
on the scene. Indeed, among the
they longed to participate." Then
early Jewish settlers in America,
Tradition and Change
again, the fact- that German Jews
"disregard for Jewish observance
were "neither wholly denied civil
was rampant and mixed marriage
RESPONSE TO MODERNITY: A
rights nor granted them complete-
not infrequent." On the positive
HISTORY OF THE REFORM
ly" served as a spur to religious
side, Meyer points out, the Reform
MOVEMENT IN JUDAISM. By
reform.
movement's emphasis on "individ-
MICHAEL A. MEYER. Oxford Uni-
Still another important stimulus
ual authority in religious matters"
versity Press. 494 pp. $39.95.
to the growth of Reform Judaism
fitted in well with the individual-
in Germany was the impact of the
istic strain of the American ethos.
Reviewed by DAVID SINGER
Protestant environment. Protes-
Moreover, Reform's sense of mis-
tantism, Meyer notes,
sion-the obligation to spread eth-
I
N The Origins of the Modern
provided a model for theological
ical monotheism-was quite com-
Jew (1967), Michael Meyer deft-
reformation, for the rejection
patible with the open-ended view
ly described the initial encounter of
of an old hierarchy, and for lit-
of American destiny that was char-
European Jews with modern secu-
urgy in the vernacular. Protes-
acteristic of the United States in the
lar society. In his new book, a study
tantism placed the sermon at the
19th century.
of the quintessential modern move-
center of the service; it focused on
ment within Jewish life, he shows
words spoken and sung, not
Response to Modernity is extreme-
us what that encounter has meant
physical ritual acts; and as a re-
ly useful in exploding a number of
ligion which had itself revolted
over the long haul.
negative myths that still cling to
and developed further, it raised
Meyer is associated with Reform
Reform. Thus, Meyer makes it clear
the hope that, in its liberal for-
Judaism as a faculty member at
that the early Reform rabbis did
mulations, it would go far to-
Hebrew Union College in Cincin-
ward meeting Judaism on com-
not cause the initial rupture be-
nati, but his book bears none of the
mon religious ground.
tween Jews and traditional Juda-
marks of a potted institutional his-
ism. On the contrary, it was be-
tory. He presents the Reform move-
Finally, Meyer points to the rise
cause that rupture had already
ment in all its diversity and com-
among German Jews of a "new
occurred-with sizable groups of
religious leadership," a "sizable ca-
plexity, paying particular attention
Central and West European Jews
dre of
secularly trained" rabbis
to the intellectual element without,
moving away from traditional pat-
conversant with modern critical
terns of religious observance and
however, slighting the institutional
scholarship. These men, unable to
belief-that early Reform was able
side. Meyer also consistently un-
obtain academic positions in the
to find an audience. Moreover,
derscores the larger historical con-
larger society, turned to the Jewish
Meyer indicates, calls for religious
text in which Reform developed,
community as a sphere for acting
change had less to do with a con-
pointing up the interplay with
out their "conflicting intellectual
scious pandering to Gentile opin-
concurrent trends in both Jewish
and communal commitments."
ion-although this sometimes en-
and general society. Finally, and
But if Germany was the scene of
tered the picture-than with the
most importantly, Meyer shows
Reform's first growth, the United
fact that European Jews had begun
eminent good sense in his judg-
States from the mid-19th century
to internalize the religious and cul-
ments, readily acknowledging the
and onward was to be the place of
tural values of the larger society.
achievements of Reform but also
its fullest development. Today,
Still another myth is the notion
facing up to its more problematic
close to 30 percent of all American
that Reform Judaism in Germany
aspects. All in all, he has produced
Jews identify as Reform, and over
was particularly "un-Jewish." In
an important work of historical
the past two decades Reform has
truth, Meyer shows, German Re-
synthesis, one that will be cited for
been the fastest growing Jewish de-
form was far more respectful of
years to come.
nomination.
Jewish tradition than was its Amer-
Response to Modernity is organ-
As Meyer puts it in accounting
ican counterpart; it was in the Uni-
ized along chronological lines, but
for this success, the United States
ted States that "radical" Reform
with special emphasis on Europe-
"lacked the obstacles that had lain
came into its own. Finally, with
an origins. Reform Judaism had its
in the path of European Reform
regard to the American Reform
first flowering in early 19th-centu-
while providing an environment
movement itself, Meyer disposes of
ry Germany, and Meyer points to
which could scarcely have been
the idea that it was consistently
several factors in accounting for
more conducive." Most important
anti-Zionist prior to the creation of
this. One was that German Jews,
in this context, of course, was the
the state of Israel. By 1935, Reform
caught up in an accelerating pro-
religious freedom that America ac-
in America had moved to a posi-
cess of acculturation, felt "an in-
corded its citizens. In addition, Re-
tion of official neutrality on Zion-
congruity between the world of
form Judaism in America did not
ism, with a pro-Zionist majority
carry a stigma of "rebellion against
increasingly holding sway.
DAVID SINGER is director of Informa-
long-established traditions and
tion and Research Services of the Amer-
against an entrenched rabbinical
WHAT makes Reform the paradig-
ican Jewish Committee.
leadership," since traditional Juda-
matic modern Jewish movement is
WORLD REPORT
A new kind of Greek tragedy
The land that invented democracy can't make it work
D
emocracy may be thriving almost
Vangelis Papadimitriou, an innkeeper
everyplace else, but it has fallen on
VLADIMIR SICHOV-SIPA
and New Democracy supporter, says Pa-
hard times in the land of its birth.
pandreou exploits these passions. "He
Some 2,500 years after Pericles, Greece
wants to convince Greeks that today's
is an ordinary Eastern Mediterranean
right will again persecute the left." Tri-
state of 10 million people more reason-
kala folk who support Papandreou re-
ably compared with neighboring Yugo-
gard Mitsotakis's conservatives as fas-
slavia, Bulgaria and Turkey than with
cists, says Labros Katsiambas, editor of
Athens's Golden Age. The Greeks' in-
the local newspaper. "People won't
ability to govern themselves mocks the
change their votes. They're fearful of
legend and is a warning to Romanians,
betraying values established in the civil
Nicaraguans, Argentines and others that
war and before." Adds tax consultant
building a better future sometimes re-
Theodoros Spathis, a Communist,
quires forgetting the past.
"They'd forgive Papandreou anything
Greece cannot, or will not, and it is
just to block the right. There are people
caught in a new age of paralysis. Its
who vote for him who hate him."
parliament cannot choose a new figure-
Digging up the past. There is an even
head President, let alone face tough bud-
older dimension to Papandreou's dura-
get issues. Washington's recent decision
bility. His anti-Americanism, particular-
to close two of the four U.S. military bases
ly on the issue of the bases, harkens
in Greece was a godsend; no local politi-
On the right. Constantine Mitsotakis
back to the 400-year Turkish occupa-
cian had the authority to negotiate their
tion of Greece, argues Mitsotakis sup-
removal. Greece remains the second-
mean producing a viable government.
porter Papadimitriou. "We were dis-
poorest nation in the European Commu-
The origins of this polarization lie in
graced by subordination to the Turks;
nity, edging out only backward Portugal,
Greece's vicious 1947-49 civil war and,
Papandreou says we cannot be subordi-
and saved from catastrophe only by con-
to a lesser extent, in a conflict over the
nated to the U.S."
tinuing aid from the EC and the United
monarchy that only flickered out in
The chances that Papandreou will
States. In the past two years, one govern-
1974. The civil war broke out when the
stand trial for his alleged misdeeds have
ment slithered into a pit of corruption,
Communists, who had led Greek resis-
dimmed since his Socialists teamed up
two national elections produced nothing
tance to the Germans during World War
with New Democracy and the Commu-
more than futile coalitions, and now a
II, tried to take over. With strong U.S.
nists in the latest do-nothing coalition.
third parliamentary vote on April 8 is
support, they were beaten. But the war
Absurdly, the ex-Premier and the old foe
likely to produce only another nonresult.
and the conservatives' subsequent repres-
who beat him, Mitsotakis, recently were
Placing all the blame on the last lead-
sion of all opponents, not just Commu-
saying nice things about each other in
er to hold real power, Socialist Andreas
nists, created lasting divisions. "The civil
closed-door strategy sessions. Less ab-
Papandreou, is easy. Charges of corrup-
war still helps dictate the way people
surdly, there are signs of political com-
tion and illegal wiretapping against him
vote," says Eleftherios Simos, chairman
promise between Socialists and conser-
blackened Greece's image. But some-
of Trikala's Chamber of Commerce. "It
vatives as free-market thinking takes
thing deeper is behind Greece's failure to
is a continuing self-destruction."
hold across Europe.
make democracy work.
There is even talk of
Dig deep into why
putting the country on
Greeks vote the way
course with a left-right
they do-for dead-
"government of nation-
lock-and an immov-
al salvation," but hard-
able wall of passion and
ly anyone believes that
prejudice appears. Tri-
would be any more de-
kala, a relatively pros-
Kau
cisive than the present
perous cotton-growing
benumbed caretaker
town of 45,000 in the
squads. Must Papan-
province of Thessaly,
dreou and Mitsotakis
mirrors the national
both step aside? Proba-
mood: It is split between
bly, say Trikala voters.
Papandreou's center-left
But only a new willing-
Socialists and Constan-
ness among Greeks to
tine Mitsotakis's conser-
cast their votes for the
vative New Democracy
anyoupici yid TO napov
future instead of the
Party, with the Commu-
past can save Greece
nists drawing perhaps 10
from itself.
percent. No one is will-
ing to change his vote,
by David Lawday
even if doing so would
On the left. Socialist Papandreou is trying for a comeback
in Trikala, Greece
U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT, April 9, 1990
35
GREAT BOOKS
OF THE
WESTERN WORLD
MORTIMER J. ADLER
Editor in Chief
5
HERODOTUS
THUCYDIDES
CLIFTON FADIMAN, PHILIP W. GOETZ, Associate Editors
Members of the Advisory Board: DOUGLAS ALLANBROOK, JACQUES BARZUN,
NORMAN COUSINS, JOHN KENNETH GALBRAITH, HEINZ PAGELS,
ANTHONY QUINTON
612
INDEX
Oetaeans, 439, 565
Pella, 415
Olophyxus, 474
Pellene, 389
Olpae, battle of, 443, 444
Pellichas, 356
Olympia, 487
Peloponnesians, their colonies, 352; union among,
Olympic Games, 418, 496, 513
366, 367, 379, 489; their poverty, political state,
Olympieum, temple of Zeus, near Syracuse, 526,
and military strength, 385, 386
528, 529, 539, 548, 549
Peloponnesian War, really caused by fear of Ath-
Olympus, Mount, 466
ens, 355, 371; apparently caused by the interfer-
Olynthus, 363, 364, 408, 478, 487, 492
ence of Athens between Corcyra and Corinth,
Onasimus, son of Megacles, 477
359, 360, 362, and of Corinth between Athens
Oneion, Mount, 458
and Potidaea, 365; strong feeling against Ath-
Onomacles, Athenian commander, 57°
ens at its commencement, and underestimate of
Ophionians, 441
her strength, 389, 390, 485, 486, 545, 564. See
Opicans, 509, 510
also Athenians and Lacedaemonians
Orchomenos, in Arcadia, 499, 502, 503
Pelorus, Cape, 453
Orchomenus, in Boeotia, 376, 377, 438, 466, 47°
Pentecosiomedimni, richest class of Athenian citi-
Orestes, son of Echecratidas, 376
zens, 420
Orestheum, in Maenalia, 499
Pentecostyes, 500, 501
Orestians, subjects of King Antichus, 409
Peparethus, 439
Oreus, in Euboea, 589
Perdiccas, king of Macedonia, 363, 364, 394, 395,
Orneae, 500, 501, 502, 511
415, 466, 467, 480, 503, 504, 540
Orobiae, in Euboea, 439
Pericles, son of Xanthippus, the first citizen of
Oroedus, king of the Paravaeans, 409
Athens, 404; recovers Euboea and Samos, 376,
Oropus, 393, 439, 471, 545, 579, 589
377; in favour of war, 380; his method of con-
Oskius, 414
ducting the war, 386, 390, 391, 404; his author-
ity over his countrymen, 393, 404; funeral ora-
Paches, Athenian commander, 421, 423; murders
tion of, 395-399; his character and death, 404
an Arcadian captain, 424
Perieres, founder of Zancle, 510
Pachium, 466
Perioeci, Spartan subjects dwelling outside the
Paean, Dorian battle song, 362, 412, 458, 550
city, 374, 440, 448, 460, 569
Paeonians, 414, 415
Peripoli, young Athenians employed on home
Pagondas, Theban commander, 469, 47I
service, 463, 521, 588
Palaira, 395
Perrhaebians, 466
Pale, 356
Persia, war of Athens against, 373, 374, 375, 376;
Pallene, isthmus of, 363, 475, 477
overtures of Sparta towards, 404, 405, 459; in-
Pamillus, 510
tervenes in Peloponnesian War, 565; concludes
Panactum, 482, 487, 493, 495
treaties with the Lacedaemonians, 568. 572, 578
Panaeans, 415
Petra, 547
Panathenaea, feast of the, 496, 524
Phaeacians, 355
Pandion, 394
Phaeax, son of Erasistratus, Athenian ambassador,
Pangaeus, Mount, 415
482, 483
Panormus, 411, 509, 569
Phaedimus, Lacedaemonian ambassador, 493
Pantacyas, river, 510
Phaeinis, 481
Paralians, 401, 439, 582
Phagres, 415
Paralus, state galley, 424, 436, 582, 586
Phalerum, 375, 39I
Paravaeans, 409
Phanae, 569
Parnassus, 440
Phanomachus, son of Callimachus, 405
Parnes, Mount, 393, 471
Phanotis, in Phocia, 466
Parrhasians, subjects of Mantinea, 491
Pharnabazus, 405, 565, 566, 573, 579, 584, 590, 592
Pasitelidas, son of Hegesander, Spartan general,
Pharnaces, 482, 578
480, 482
Pharos, 375
Patmos, 424
Pharsalus, in Thessaly, 376, 393, 466
Patrae, 410, 497
Phaselis, 405, 587, 592
Pausanias, son of Cleombrotus, head of the Greek
Phea, in Elis, 546
forces against Persia, 372, 373; subsequent his-
Pheia, 394
tory of, 406, 430, 43I
Pheraeans, 393
Pedaritus, son of Leon, Spartan commander, 571,
Philip, brother of Perdiccas, 363, 414, 571, 590
572, 573, 578
Philocharidas, son of Eryxidaïdas, 477, 487, 488,
Pegae, 374, 375, 377, 452, 463, 465
494
Peithias, Athenian leader, 434, 435
Philocrates, son of Demeas, Athenian commander,
Pelasgians, 349, 392, 474
508
Pele, 571
Philoctetes, 351
OOK
25-35]
THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR
395
II
nished
them with Perdiccas, and induced them to re-
naries. In command of the force were Eupha-
which
store Therme to him; upon which Perdiccas
midas, son of Aristonymus, Timoxenus, son
ot only
at once joined the Athenians and Phormio in
of Timocrates, and Eumachus, son of Chrysis,
ns, but
an expedition against the Chalcidians. Thus
who sailed over and restored him and, after
under
Sitalces, son of Teres, King of the Thracians,
failing in an attempt on some places on the
ke and
and Perdiccas, son of Alexander, King of the
Acarnanian coast which they were desirous of
of Thy.
Macedonians, became allies of Athens.
gaining, began their voyage home. Coasting
aconia,
[30] Meanwhile the Athenians in the hun-
along shore they touched at Cephallenia and
legine-
dred vessels were still cruising round Pelopon-
made a descent on the Cranian territory, and
attered
nese. After taking Sollium, a town belonging
losing some men by the treachery of the Crani-
to Corinth, and presenting the city and terri-
ans, who fell suddenly upon them after having
ing of
tory to the Acarnanians of Palaira, they
agreed to treat, put to sea somewhat hurriedly
he way
stormed Astacus, expelled its tyrant Evarchus,
and returned home.
n was
and gained the place for their confederacy.
[34] In the same winter the Athenians gave
ed the
Next they sailed to the island of Cephallenia
a funeral at the public cost to those who had first
rs had
and brought it over without using force.
fallen in this war. It was a custom of their an-
e.
Cephallenia lies off Acarnania and Leucas, and
cestors, and the manner of it is as follows.
mpho-
consists of four states, the Paleans, Cranians,
Three days before the ceremony, the bones of
= sister
Samaeans, and Pronaeans. Not long after-
the dead are laid out in a tent which has been
oxenus
wards the fleet returned to Athens. [31] To-
erected; and their friends bring to their rela-
They
wards the autumn of this year the Athenians
tives such offerings as they please. In the fu-
y; but
invaded the Megarid with their whole levy,
neral procession cypress coffins are borne in
d they
resident aliens included, under the command
cars, one for each tribe; the bones of the de-
ly. Si-
of Pericles, son of Xanthippus. The Athenians
ceased being placed in the coffin of their tribe.
of the
in the hundred ships round Peloponnese on
Among these is carried one empty bier decked
s, was
their journey home had just reached Aegina,
for the missing, that is, for those whose bodies
of the
and hearing that the citizens at home were in
could not be recovered. Any citizen or stranger
he rest
full force at Megara, now sailed over and
who pleases, joins in the procession: and the
acians
joined them. This was without doubt the larg-
female relatives are there to wail at the burial.
0 way
est army of Athenians ever assembled, the state
The dead are laid in the public sepulchre in
dion's
being still in the flower of her strength and yet
the Beautiful suburb of the city, in which
ed did
unvisited by the plague. Full ten thousand
those who fall in war are always buried; with
rereus
heavy infantry were in the field, all Athenian
the exception of those slain at Marathon, who
called
citizens, besides the three thousand before Po-
for their singular and extraordinary valour
abited
tidaea. Then the resident aliens who joined in
were interred on the spot where they fell. Af-
wom-
the incursion were at least three thousand
ter the bodies have been laid in the earth, a
; and
n the
strong; besides which there was a multitude of
man chosen by the state, of approved wisdom
esides,
light troops. They ravaged the greater part of
and eminent reputation, pronounces over them
or his
the territory, and then retired. Other incursions
an appropriate panegyric; after which all re-
ges of
into the Megarid were afterwards made by the
tire. Such is the manner of the burying; and
prefer
Athenians annually during the war, sometimes
throughout the whole of the war, whenever
to the
only with cavalry, sometimes with all their
the occasion arose, the established custom was
thens
forces. This went on until the capture of Ni-
observed. Meanwhile these were the first that
re dif-
saea. [32] Atalanta also, the desert island off
had fallen, and Pericles, son of Xanthippus,
drysi-
the Opuntian coast, was towards the end of
was chosen to pronounce their eulogium.
this summer converted into a fortified post by
When the proper time arrived, he advanced
0 any
the Athenians, in order to prevent privateers
as an
from the sepulchre to an elevated platform in
aid in
issuing from Opus and the rest of Locris and
order to be heard by as many of the crowd as
nd of
plundering Euboea. Such were the events of
possible, and spoke as follows:
dorus
this summer after the return of the Pelopon-
[35] "Most of my predecessors in this place
made
nesians from Attica.
have commended him who made this speech
[33] In the ensuing winter the Acarnanian
prom-
part of the law, telling us that it is well that it
ading
Evarchus, wishing to return to Astacus, per-
should be delivered at the burial of those who
Thra-
suaded the Corinthians to sail over with forty
fall in battle. For myself, I should have thought
nciled
ships and fifteen hundred heavy infantry and
that the worth which had displayed itself in
restore him; himself also hiring some merce-
deeds would be sufficiently rewarded by hon-
396
THUCYDIDES
[Book II
ours also shown by deeds; such as you now see
men; since I think this to be a subject upon
in this funeral prepared at the people's cost.
which on the present occasion a speaker may
And I could have wished that the reputations
properly dwell, and to which the whole as-
of many brave men were not to be imperilled
semblage, whether citizens or foreigners, may
in the mouth of a single individual, to stand or
listen with advantage.
fall according as he spoke well or ill. For
[37] "Our constitution does not copy the
it is hard to speak properly upon a subject
laws of neighbouring states; we are rather a
where it is even difficult to convince your hear-
pattern to others than imitators ourselves. Its
ers that you are speaking the truth. On the one
administration favours the many instead of the
hand, the friend who is familiar with every
few; this is why it is called a democracy. If
fact of the story may think that some point has
we look to the laws, they afford equal justice
not been set forth with that fullness which he
to all in their private differences; if no social
wishes and knows it to deserve; on the other,
standing, advancement in public life falls to
he who is a stranger to the matter may be led
reputation for capacity, class considerations not
by envy to suspect exaggeration if he hears
being allowed to interfere with merit; nor
anything above his own nature. For men can
again does poverty bar the way, if a man is
endure to hear others praised only so long as
able to serve the state, he is not hindered by the
they can severally persuade themselves of their
obscurity of his condition. The freedom which
own ability to equal the actions recounted:
we enjoy in our government extends also to
when this point is passed, envy comes in and
our ordinary life. There, far from exercising a
with it incredulity. However, since our an-
jealous surveillance over each other, we do not
cestors have stamped this custom with their
feel called upon to be angry with our neigh-
approval, it becomes my duty to obey the law
bour for doing what he likes, or even to in-
and to try to satisfy your several wishes and
dulge in those injurious looks which cannot
opinions as best I may.
fail to be offensive, although they inflict no
[36] "I shall begin with our ancestors: it is
positive penalty. But all this ease in our private
both just and proper that they should have the
relations does not make us lawless as citizens.
honour of the first mention on an occasion
Against this fear is our chief safeguard, teach-
like the present. They dwelt in the country
ing us to obey the magistrates and the laws,
without break in the succession from genera-
particularly such as regard the protection of
tion to generation, and handed it down free to
the injured, whether they are actually on the
the present time by their valour. And if our
statute book, or belong to that code which, al-
more remote ancestors deserve praise, much
though unwritten, yet cannot be broken with-
more do our own fathers, who added to their
out acknowledged disgrace.
inheritance the empire which we now possess,
[38] "Further, we provide plenty of means
and spared no pains to be able to leave their
for the mind to refresh itself from business.
acquisitions to us of the present generation.
We celebrate games and sacrifices all the year
Lastly, there are few parts of our dominions
round, and the elegance of our private estab-
that have not been augmented by those of us
lishments forms a daily source of pleasure and
here, who are still more or less in the vigour of
helps to banish the spleen; while the magni-
life; while the mother country has been fur-
tude of our city draws the produce of the
nished by us with everything that can enable
world into our harbour, so that to the Athe-
her to depend on her own resources whether
nian the fruits of other countries are as familiar
for war or for peace. That part of our history
a luxury as those of his own.
which tells of the military achievements which
[39] "If we turn to our military policy, there
gave us our several possessions, or of the ready
also we differ from our antagonists. We throw
valour with which either we or our fathers
open our city to the world, and never by alien
stemmed the tide of Hellenic or foreign ag-
acts exclude foreigners from any opportunity
gression, is a theme too familiar to my hearers
of learning or observing, although the eyes of
for me to dilate on, and I shall therefore pass
an enemy may occasionally profit by our lib-
it by. But what was the road by which we
erality; trusting less in system and policy than
reached our position, what the form of govern-
to the native spirit of our citizens; while in
ment under which our greatness grew, what
education, where our rivals from their very
the national habits out of which it sprang;
cradles by a painful discipline seek after man-
these are questions which I may try to solve
liness, at Athens we live exactly as we please,
before I proceed to my panegyric upon these
and yet are just as ready to encounter every
Perides
Fund Oration
36-42]
THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR
397
it may be
ness to keep the recipient in his debt; while the
do not in-
debtor feels less keenly from the very con-
vade our country alone, but bring with them
sciousness that the return he makes will be a
all their confederates; while we Athenians ad-
payment, not a free gift. And it is only the
vance unsupported into the territory of a
Athenians, who, fearless of consequences, con-
neighbour, and fighting upon a foreign soil
fer their benefits not from calculations of ex-
usually vanquish with ease men who are de-
pediency, but in the confidence of liberality.
fending their homes. Our united force was
[41] "In short, I say that as a city we are the
Its
never yet encountered by any enemy, because
school of Hellas; while I doubt if the world
we have at once to attend to our marine and
can produce a man who, where he has only
to dispatch our citizens by land upon a hun-
himself to depend upon, is equal to so many
dred different services; so that, wherever they
emergencies, and graced by so happy a versa-
engage with some such fraction of our
tility, as the Athenian. And that this is no mere
to
strength, a success against a detachment is
boast thrown out for the occasion, but plain
magnified into a victory over the nation, and
matter of fact, the power of the state acquired
a defeat into a reverse suffered at the hands of
by these habits proves. For Athens alone of her
our entire people. And yet if with habits not of
contemporaries is found when tested to be
labour but of ease, and courage not of art but
greater than her reputation, and alone gives
of nature, we are still willing to encounter
no occasion to her assailants to blush at the
to
danger, we have the double advantage of
antagonist by whom they have been worsted,
escaping the experience of hardships in antici-
or to her subjects to question her title by merit
pation and of facing them in the hour of need
to rule. Rather, the admiration of the present
as fearlessly as those who are never free from
and succeeding ages will be ours, since we have
in-
them.
not left our power without witness, but have
"Nor are these the only points in which our
shown it by mighty proofs; and far from need-
no
city is worthy of admiration. [40] We cultivate
ing a Homer for our panegyrist, or other of
ate
refinement without extravagance and knowl-
his craft whose verses might charm for the
ns.
edge without effeminacy; wealth we employ
moment only for the impression which they
more for use than for show, and place the
gave to melt at the touch of fact, we have
real disgrace of poverty not in owning to the
forced every sea and land to be the highway of
of
fact but in declining the struggle against it.
our daring, and everywhere, whether for evil
Our public men have, besides politics, their
or for good, have left imperishable monu-
private affairs to attend to, and our ordinary
ments behind us. Such is the Athens for which
citizens, though occupied with the pursuits
these men, in the assertion of their resolve not
of industry, are still fair judges of public mat-
to lose her, nobly fought and died; and well
ns
ters; for, unlike any other nation, regarding
may every one of their survivors be ready to
him who takes no part in these duties not as
suffer in her cause.
unambitious but as useless, we Athenians are
[42] "Indeed if I have dwelt at some length
able to judge at all events if we cannot origi-
upon the character of our country, it has been
nd
nate, and, instead of looking on discussion as
to show that our stake in the struggle is not
a stumbling-block in the way of action, we
the same as theirs who have no such blessings
think it an indispensable preliminary to any
to lose, and also that the panegyric of the men
wise action at all. Again, in our enterprises we
over whom I am now speaking might be by
present the singular spectacle of daring and
definite proofs established. That panegyric is
deliberation, each carried to its highest point,
now in a great measure complete; for the
and both united in the same persons; although
Athens that I have celebrated is only what the
usually decision is the fruit of ignorance, hesi-
heroism of these and their like have made her,
tation of reflection. But the palm of courage
men whose fame, unlike that of most Hellenes,
will surely be adjudged most justly to those,
will be found to be only commensurate with
who best know the difference between hard-
their deserts. And if a test of worth be wanted,
in
ship and pleasure and yet are never tempted to
it is to be found in their closing scene, and this
in
shrink from danger. In generosity we are
not only in the cases in which it set the final
equally singular, acquiring our friends by con-
seal upon their merit, but also in those in which
ferring, not by receiving, favours. Yet, of
it gave the first intimation of their having any.
course, the doer of the favour is the firmer
friend of the two, in order by continued kind-
For there is justice in the claim that steadfast-
ness in his country's battles should be as a cloak
was with Drag
398
THUCYDIDES
[Book
to cover a man's other imperfections; since the
with no tablet to preserve it, except that of
good action has blotted out the bad, and his
merit as a citizen more than outweighed his
heart. These take as your model and, judging the
demerits as an individual. But none of these
happiness to be the fruit of freedom and free.
dom of valour, never decline the dangers
allowed either wealth with its prospect of
war. For it is not the miserable that would of
future enjoyment to unnerve his spirit, or
most justly be unsparing of their lives; these
poverty with its hope of a day of freedom and
have nothing to hope for: it is rather they to
riches to tempt him to shrink from danger.
No, holding that vengeance upon their ene-
whom continued life may bring reverses as yet
unknown, and to whom a fall, if it came,
mies was more to be desired than any personal
would be most tremendous in its consequences.
blessings, and reckoning this to be the most
And surely, to a man of spirit, the degradation
glorious of hazards, they joyfully determined
of cowardice must be immeasurably more
to accept the risk, to make sure of their ven-
grievous than the unfelt death which strikes
geance, and to let their wishes wait; and while
him in the midst of his strength and patriot
committing to hope the uncertainty of final
ism!
success, in the business before them they
[44] "Comfort, therefore, not condolence.
thought fit to act boldly and trust in them-
is what I have to offer to the parents of the
selves. Thus choosing to die resisting, rather
dead who may be here. Numberless are the
than to live submitting, they fled only from
chances to which, as they know, the life of
dishonour, but met danger face to face, and
man is subject; but fortunate indeed are they
after one brief moment, while at the summit
who draw for their lot a death so glorious as
of their fortune, escaped, not from their fear,
that which has caused your mourning, and to
but from their glory.
whom life has been so exactly measured as
[43] "So died these men as became Athe-
to terminate in the happiness in which it has
nians. You, their survivors, must determine to
been passed. Still I know that this is a hard
have as unfaltering a resolution in the field,
saying, especially when those are in question
though you may pray that it may have a hap-
of whom you will constantly be reminded by
pier issue. And not contented with ideas de-
seeing in the homes of others blessings of which
rived only from words of the advantages which
once you also boasted: for grief is felt not so
are bound up with the defence of your country,
much for the want of what we have never
though these would furnish a valuable text to
known, as for the loss of that to which we
a speaker even before an audience so alive to
have been long accustomed. Yet you who are
them as the present, you must yourselves real-
still of an age to beget children must bear up
ize the power of Athens, and feed your eyes
in the hope of having others in their stead; not
upon her from day to day, till love of her fills
only will they help you to forget those whom
your hearts; and then, when all her greatness
you have lost, but will be to the state at once a
shall break upon you, you must reflect that it
reinforcement and a security; for never can a
was by courage, sense of duty, and a keen feel-
fair or just policy be expected of the citizen
ing of honour in action that men were enabled
who does not, like his fellows, bring to the
to win all this, and that no personal failure in
decision the interests and apprehensions of
an enterprise could make them consent to
father. While those of you who have passed
deprive their country of their valour, but they
your prime must congratulate yourselves with
laid it at her feet as the most glorious contribu-
the thought that the best part of your life was
tion that they could offer. For this offering of
fortunate, and that the brief span that remains
their lives made in common by them all they
will be cheered by the fame of the departed.
each of them individually received that re-
For it is only the love of honour that never
nown which never grows old, and for a sepul-
grows old; and honour it is, not gain, as some
chre, not so much that in which their bones
would have it, that rejoices the heart of age
have been deposited, but that noblest of shrines
and helplessness.
wherein their glory is laid up to be eternally
[45] "Turning to the sons or brothers of the
remembered upon every occasion on which
dead, I see an arduous struggle before you.
deed or story shall call for its commemoration.
When a man is gone, all are wont to praise
For heroes have the whole earth for their
him, and should your merit be ever so tran-
tomb; and in lands far from their own, where
scendent, you will still find it difficult not
the column with its epitaph declares it, there
merely to overtake, but even to approach their
is enshrined in every breast a record unwritten
renown. The living have envy to contend with,
Book
THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR
399
at of the
while those who are no longer in our path are
[48] It first began, it is said, in the parts of
and judging free-
honoured with a goodwill into which rivalry
Ethiopia above Egypt, and thence descended
does not enter. On the other hand, if I must
into Egypt and Libya and into most of the
ngers of
anything on the subject of female excel-
King's country. Suddenly falling upon Athens,
t would
53y lence to those of you who will now be in
it first attacked the population in Piraeus-
these
widowhood, it will be all comprised in this
which was the occasion of their saying that the
they to
brief exhortation. Great will be your glory in
Peloponnesians had poisoned the reservoirs,
es as yet
not falling short of your natural character;
there being as yet no wells there-and after-
it came,
and greatest will be hers who is least talked of
wards appeared in the upper city, when the
quences.
among the men, whether for good or for bad.
deaths became much more frequent. All specu-
radation
[46] "My task is now finished. I have per-
lation as to its origin and its causes, if causes
ly more
formed it to the best of my ability, and in
can be found adequate to produce so great a
1 strikes
word, at least, the requirements of the law are
disturbance, I leave to other writers, whether
patriote
now satisfied. If deeds be in question, those
lay or professional; for myself, I shall simply
who are here interred have received part of
set down its nature, and explain the symptoms
dolence,
their honours already, and for the rest, their
by which perhaps it may be recognized by the
S of the
children will be brought up till manhood at
student, if it should ever break out again. This
are. the
the public expense: the state thus offers a
I can the better do, as I had the disease myself.
e life of
valuable prize, as the garland of victory in this
and watched its operation in the case of others.
are they
race of valour, for the reward both of those
[49] That year then is admitted to have been
rious as
who have fallen and their survivors. And
otherwise unprecedentedly free from sickness;
;, and to
where the rewards for merit are greatest, there
and such few cases as occurred all determined
sured as
are found the best citizens.
in this. As a rule, however, there was no
ch it has
And now that you have brought to a close
ostensible cause; but people in good health
a hard
your lamentations for your relatives, you may
were all of a sudden attacked by violent heats
question
"depart."
in the head, and redness and inflammation in
nded by
the eyes, the inward parts, such as the throat
of which
CHAPTER VII
or tongue, becoming bloody and emitting an
It not so
unnatural and fetid breath. These symptoms
e never
Second Year of the War-The Plague of Athens
were followed by sneezing and hoarseness, after
hich we
Position and Policy of Pericles-Fall
which the pain soon reached the chest, and pro-
who are
of Potidaea
duced a hard cough. When it fixed in the stom-
bear up
[47] SUCH was the funeral that took place
ach, it upset it; and discharges of bile of every
ead; not
during this winter, with which the first year
kind named by physicians ensued, accompa-
e whom
of the war came to an end. In the first days of
nied by very great distress. In most cases also
it once a
summer the Lacedaemonians and their allies,
an ineffectual retching followed, producing
er can a
with two-thirds of their forces as before, in-
violent spasms, which in some cases ceased
citizen
vaded Attica, under the command of Archida-
soon after, in others much later. Externally the
g to the
mus, son of Zeuxidamus, King of Lacedaemon,
body was not very hot to the touch, nor pale in
ons of a
and sat down and laid waste the country. Not
passed
its appearance, but reddish, livid, and breaking
many days after their arrival in Attica the
out into small pustules and ulcers. But in-
ves with
plague first began to show itself among the
ternally it burned so that the patient could not
life was
Athenians. It was said that it had broken
bear to have on him clothing or linen even of
remains
out in many places previously in the neigh-
leparted.
the very lightest description; or indeed to be
bourhood of Lemnos and elsewhere; but a
otherwise than stark naked. What they would
at never
pestilence of such extent and mortality was no-
have liked best. would have been to throw
as some
where remembered. Neither were the physi-
themselves into cold water; as indeed was done
t of age
cians at first of any service, ignorant as they
by some of the neglected sick, who plunged
rs of the
were of the proper way to treat it, but they
into the rain-tanks in their agonies of un-
died themselves the most thickly, as they visit-
ore you.
quenchable thirst; though it made no differ-
ed the sick most often; nor did any human art
:o praise
ence whether they drank little or much. Be-
succeed any better. Supplications in the tem-
so
tran-
ples, divinations, and so forth were found
sides this, the miserable feeling of not being
cult
not
able to rest or sleep never ceased to torment
ach their
equally futile, till the overwhelming nature of
them. The body meanwhile did not waste away
nd with,
the gether. disaster at last put a stop to them alto-
so long as the distemper was at its height, but
held out to a marvel against its ravages; so that
Ref.
PN6081
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$
THE MACMILLAN
DICTIONARY
OF QUOTATIONS
MACMILLAN PUBLISHING COMPANY New York
226
FRIENDSHIP
reputation; for 'tis better to be
14 I've noticed your hostility towards
will love you more than one whom
alone than in bad company.
him
I ought to have guessed
you have been at pains to attach to
George Washington (1732-99) US states-
you were friends.
you.
man. Rules of Civility
Malcolm Bradbury (1932- ) British academ-
Samuel Johnson (1709-84) British texicogra.
ic and novelist. The History Man, Ch. 7
pher. Life of Johnson (J. Boswell), Vol. IV
FRIENDSHIP
15 I don't trust him. We're friends.
26 Sir, I look upon every day to be
See also friends, love and friendship
Bertolt Brecht (1898-1956) German drama-
lost, in which I do not make a new
tist. Mother Courage, III
acquaintance.
1 A friend in need is a friend indeed.
Proverb
16 Should auld acquaintance be forgot,
Samuel Johnson Life of Johnson (J. Boswell).
Vol. IV
And never brought to min?
2 A good friend is my nearest
Robert Burns (1759-96) Scottish poet. Auld
27 Greater love than this, he said, no
relation.
Lang Syne
man hath that a man lay down his
Proverb
17 We'll tak a cup o' kindness yet,
wife for a friend. Go thou and do
3 A hedge between keeps friendship
For auld lang syne.
likewise. Thus, or words to that
green.
Robert Burns Auld Lang Syne
effect, saith Zarathustra, sometime
Proverb
regius professor of French letters
18 Only solitary men know the full joys
to the University of Oxtail.
4 God defend me from my friends:
of friendship. Others have their
James Joyce (1882-1941) Irish novelist.
from my enemies I can defend
family but to a solitary and an
Ulysses
myself.
o
exile his friends are everything.
Proverb
28 Friendship is unnecessary, like
Willa Cather (1873-1947) US writer and poet.
philosophy, like art
It
has
no
Shadows On the Rock
5 Love is blind; friendship closes its
survival value; rather it is one of
eyes.
19 Two may talk together under the
those things that give value to
Proverb
same roof for many years, yet
survival.
6 The best of friends must part.
never really meet; and two others
C. S. Lewis (1898-1963) British academic and
Proverb
at first speech are old friends.
writer. The Four Loves. Friendship
in
Mary Catherwood (1847-1901) US writer.
29 Two buttocks of one bum.
7 There is no such thing as a free
Mackinac and Lake Stories. Marianson'
lunch.
T. Sturge Moore (1870-1944) British poet
20 A woman can become a man's
and illustrator. Referring to Hilaire Belloc and G
Anonymous Often attributed to Milton Fried-
K. Chesterton.
man.
friend only in the following stages -
first an acquaintance. next a
8 Do not remove a fly from your
30 To like and dislike the same things.
mistress, and only then a friend.
friend's forehead with a hatchet.
that is indeed true friendship.
Anton Chekhov (1860-1904) - Russian drama-
Sallust (Gaius Sallustius Crispus: c. 86-c. 34
Anonymous Chinese proverb.
tist. Uncle Vanya, II
BC) Roman historian and politician. Beilum Ca
9 Old friends are generally the refuge
%
tilinae
21 There is nothing in the world I,
of unsociable persons.
wouldn't do for Hope, and there is
31 As in a soul remembering my good
Max Beerbohm (1872-1956) British writer.
nothing he wouldn't do for me
friends.
The Incomparable Max (C. S. Roberts)
We spend our lives doing nothing
William Shakespeare (1564-1616) English
ds
for each other.
10 Two are better than one; because
dramatist. Richard II. II:3
IS
they have a good reward for their
Bing Crosby (Harry Lillis Crosby; 1904-77)
US singer. Referring to Bob Hope. The Observ-
labour.
32 I might give my life for my friend,
er, "Sayings of the Week'. 7 May 1950
For if they fall. the one will lift up his
but he had better not ask me to do
fellow: but woe to him that is alone
22 It is not so much our friends' help
up a parcel.
when he falleth; for he hath not an-
that helps us as the confident
Logan Pearsall Smith (1865-1946) US writ
er. Trivia
other to help him up.
knowledge that they will help us.
Bible: Ecclesiastes 4:9-10
Epicurus (341-270 BC) Greek philosopher.
FROST,
11 A faithful friend is the medicine of
23 These are called the pious frauds of
Robert Lee
life.
Sai
friendship.
Bible: Ecclesiasticus 6:16
Henry Fielding (1707-54) British novelist.
(1875-1963) US poet. whose collections Boy's Will
Amelia, Bk. III. Ch. 4
(1913) and North of Boston (1914) brought him cons
12 Saul and Jonathan were lovely and
erable acclaim.
pleasant in their lives, and in their
24 That which you love most in him (a
death they were not divided: they
friend) may be clearer in his
1 Most of the change we think we
were swifter than eagles, they were
absence.
see in life
stronger than lions.
Kahil Gibran (1883-1931) Lebanese mystic
Is due to truths being in and out
Bible: II Samuel 1:23-24
poet and novelist. The Prophet
favor.
The Black Cottage
13 Louis. I think this is the beginning
25 Always. Sir, set a high value on
of a beautiful friendship.
spontaneous kindness. He whose
2 No tears in the writer. no tears in
Humphrey Bogart (1899-1957) US film star.
inclination prompts him to cultivate
the reader.
The last words of the film. Casablanca
your friendship of his own accord.
Collected Poems. Preface
SEASONS
507
nd shaggy
My heart's in the Highlands a-chasing
4 The ice was here, the ice was
14 The sea! the sea!
the deer.
there,
Xenophon (430-354 BC) Greek historian.
nd the flood,
Waverley, Ch. 28
The ice was all around:
Anabasis. IV:7
mortal hand
band
It cracked and growled, and roared
22 No, this right hand shall work it all
and howled,
SEASIDE
gged strand!
off.
Like noises in a swound!
I
Refusing offers of help following his bankruptcy in
Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834) Brit-
See also sea
1826. Century of Anecdote (J. Timbs)
eneath the
ish poet. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, I
'for death,'
1 The King bathes, and with great
SCULPTURE
ext-door
5 We are as near to heaven by sea as
success; a machine follows the
ears, that
by land.
Royal one into the sea, filled with
See also art, artists
opping the
Humphrey Gilbert (c. 1539-83) English navi-
fiddlers, who play God Save the
1 Sculptor Henry Moore has been
gator. Remark made shortly before he went
King as his Majesty takes his
down with his ship Squirrel. A Book of Anec-
:tion
asked not to leave any holes in
plunge.
dotes (D. George)
which boys could trap their heads
Fanny Burney (Frances Burney D'Arblay:
erb, fine
when he carves 'Family Group' for
6 When men come to like a sea-life,
1752-1840) British novelist. Referring to
Harlow New Town.
George III at Weymouth. Diary, 8 July 1789
they are not fit to live on land.
Anonymous The News Chronicle
Samuel Johnson (1709-84) British lexicogra-
2 The Walrus and the Carpenter
pher. Life of Johnson U. Boswell), Vol. II
ve!
2 If people dug up the remains of this
Were walking close at hand;
civilization a thousand years hence.
7 The snotgreen sea. The
They wept like anything to see
and found Epstein's statues and that
ing men,
scrotumtightening sea.
Such quantities of sand:
man Ellis, they would think we
James Joyce (1882-1941) Irish novelist.
'If this were only cleared away,'
like agen?
were just savages.
Ulysses
They said, 'it would be grand!'
Doris Lessing (1919- ) British novelist.
Lewis Carroll (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson:
Martha Quest. Pt. I, Ch. 1
8 It keeps eternal whisperings around
ne out of
1832-98) British writer. Through the Looking.
Desolate shores, and with its mighty
Glass. Ch. 4
3 Patriotism is the last refuge of the
swell
er his
sculptor.
Gluts twice ten thousand Caverns.
3 It is the drawback of all sea-side
William Plomer (1903-73) British writer and
John Keats (1795-1821) British poet. On the
places that half the landscape is
poet. Attrib.
Sea
unavailable for purposes of human
dauntless
4 My god. they've shot the wrong
locomotion, being covered by
9 'Wouldst thou' - so the helmsman
useless water.
person!
e the
answered-
James Pryde (1866-1941) British artist. A:
Norman Douglas (1868-1952) British novel-
the unveiling of a statue to Nurse Edith Cavel
'Learn the secret of the sea?
ist. Alone, 'Mentone'
Attrib.
Only those who brave its dangers
4 I do Like to be Beside the Seaside.
Comprehend its mystery!'
Il made
5 See what will happen to you if you
John A. Glover-Kind (19th century) US song-
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-82)
don't stop biting your fingernails.
writer. Song title
US poet. The Secret of the Sea
od,
Will Rogers (1879-1935) US actor and humar-
mrade
ist. Message written on a postcard of the in
10 I must down to the seas again, to
SEASONS
nus de Milo that he sent to his young niece.
the lonely sea and the sky,
And all I ask is a tall ship and a star
See also autumn. months, spring, summer. winter
SEA
to steer her by,
And the wheel's kick and the wind's
1 I'll see you again,
$
See also boats. Navy. seaside
song and the white sail's shaking,
Whenever spring breaks through
others
1 The sea is calm to-night.
And a grey mist on the sea's face and
again.
The tide is full. the moon lies fair
a grey dawn breaking.
Noël Coward (1899-1973) British dramatist.
Bittersweet
Upon the Straits.
John Masefield (1878-1967) British poet. Of-
Matthew Arnold (1822-88) British poet and
ten quoted using 'sea' rather than 'seas', and 'I
2 Four seasons fill the measure of the
critic. Dover Beach
must go down' rather than 1 must down'. Sea
Fever
year;
2 For all at last return to the sea -
There are four seasons in the mind
to Oceanus. the ocean river. like
11 Rocked in the cradle of the deep.
of men.
a boy,
the ever-flowing stream of time, the
Emma Millard (1787 British songwriter.
John Keats (1795-1821) British poet. Four
by!
beginning and the end.
Song
Seasons
Rachel Carson (1907-64) US biologist. The
fair.
closing words of the book. The Sea Around
12 A life on the ocean wave,
3 No one thinks of winter when the
Us
A home on the rolling deep.
grass is green!
n.
Epes Sargent (1813-80) US writer and drama-
Rudyard Kipling Indian-born
there
3 The voice of the sea speaks to the
tist. A Life on the Ocean Wave
British writer. A St Helena Lullaby
en.
soul. The touch of the sea is
sensuous. enfolding the body in its
13 O hear us when we cry to Thee
4 If Winter comes. can Spring be far
soft. close embrace.
For those in peril on the sea.
behind?
ny
Kate Chopin 1851-1904) US writer. Time
William Whiting (1825-78) British hymn WTIT-
Percy Bysshe Shelley 1822) British
Awakening. Ch 5.
er. Eternal Father Strong to Save
poet. Ode to the Wis: Wind
Henry David Thoreau-Samuel J. Tilden
r pilgrimage toward its
There is something servile in the habit of
view of events as they did really happen,
Ibid.
seeking after a law which we may obey
and as they are very likely, in accordance
A successful life knows no law.
with human nature, to repeat themselves
never intentionally con-
Excursions, Poems and Familiar Letters.
at some future time-if not exactly the same,
se, intellectual or moral,
yet very similar.
Historia, bk. 1.
his senses. It is not armed
As for conforming outwardly, and living
or honesty, but with su-
your own life inwardly, I do not think much
War is a matter not so much of arms as
ength. I was not born to
of that.
of expenditure, through which arms may
Ibid.
Ibid. To Harrison Blake," August 9,
be made of service.
Ibid.
1850.
comes up to the standard
To admit poverty is no disgrace to a man,
, but on the contrary de-
The law will never make men free; it is
but to make no effort to escape it is indeed
level with the lowest.
men who have got to make the law free.
disgraceful.
Ibid., bk. 2.
oreau's Journal, edited
They are the lovers of law and order who
observe the law when the government breaks
rd, Houghton Mifflin.
Our constitution does not copy the laws
it.
Slavery in Massachusetts, 1854.
of neighboring states; we are rather a pat-
tern to others than imitators ourselves. Its
I hear many condemn these men because
wisdom was once the un-
administration favors the many instead of
they were so few. When were the good and
the few; this is why it is called a democracy.
some wise man.
the brave ever in a majority?
Ibid., Pericles' Ideal.
Ibid., July 6, 1840.
A Plea for Captain John Brown, 1859.
The secret of Happiness is Freedom, and
ange; we change.
So we defend ourselves and our hen-
the secret of Freedom, Courage.
Ibid., October, 1850.
roosts, and maintain slavery.
Ibid.
Funeral Speech for Pericles.
om law exists-the man of
Is it not possible that an individual may
be right and a government wrong? Are laws
War is a bad thing: but to submit to the
ative-is a tame man.
to be enforced simply because they are
dictation of other states is worse
Free-
Ibid., March 30, 1851.
made? or declared by any number of men
dom, if we hold fast to it, will ultimately
to be good, if they are not good? Ibid.
restore our losses, but submission will mean
et with a man who can be
permanent loss of all that we value
To
;ht! We all live according
A man is rich in proportion to the number
you who call yourselves men of peace, I say:
are bed-ridden; all world-
of things he can afford to let alone.
You are not safe unless you have men of
Ibid., May 12, 1857.
Where I Live.
action at your side.
Quoted in "Time."
ery! It is not the peculiar
Ever insurgent let me be,
South. It exists wherever
Make me more daring than devout;
Samuel J. Tilden
nd sold, wherever a man
From sleek contentment keep me free,
(1814-1886)
be made a mere thing or
And fill me with a buoyant doubt.
American statesman, lawyer
S his inalienable rights of
ice.
Thucydides
The capitalist class has banded together
rnal, December 4, 1860.
(471?-401? B.C.)
all over the world and organized the modern
Athenian historian
dynasty of associated wealth, which main-
who never read a news-
tains an unquestioned ascendency over most
11 see Nature, and through
I shall be content if those shall pronounce
of the civilized portions of our race.
ys and Other Writings.
my History useful who desire to give a
John Bigelow, Life of Samuel J. Tilden.
[685]
PN6081
57
1967
WHRC
t:
THE HOME BOOK
OF
QUOTATIONS
Classical and Modern
SELECTED AND ARRANGED BY
BURTON STEVENSON
Editor The Home Book of Verse
I can tell thee where that saying was born
SHAKESPEARE. Twelftb Night
Act i, SC. 5.1.9
TENTH EDITION
DODD, MEAD & COMPANY
NEW YORK
1782
SEASONS, THE
SEASONS, THE
1
Now, how solemn are the times!
The sea indeed is assuredly common to all.
The Winter times! the Night times!
...
(Mare quidem commune certo 'st omnibus.)
Sing then, hopeful are all times!
PLAUTUS, Rudens, 1. 975. (Act iv, SC. 3.)
Winter, Spring, Summer times!
And seas but join the regions they divide.
BRYAN W. PROCTER, A Song for the Seasons.
POPE, Windsor Forest, 1. 400.
These. as they change, Almighty Father, these
The seas are but a highway between the doorways
Are but the varied God. The rolling year
of the nations.
Is full of Thee. Forth in the pleasing Spring
FRANKLIN K. LANE, The American Pioneer.
Thy beauty walks, thy tenderness and love
2
Then comes thy glory in the Summer-months,
He who commands the sea has command of
With light and heat refulgent. Then thy sun
everything. (Qui mari teneat, eum necesse
Shoots full perfection through the swelling
rerum potiri.)
year.
THEMISTOCLES. (CICERO, Epistolæ ad Atticum,
Thy bounty shines in Autumn unconfined,
x, 8.)
And spreads a common feast for all that lives.
3
In Winter awful thou! with clouds and storms
Guarded with ships. and all our sea our own.
Around thee thrown. tempest o'er tempest rolled,
EDMUND WALLER, To My Lord of Falkland.
Majestic darkness! On the whirlwind's wing
Riding sublime.
JAMES THOMSON, A ymn on the Seasons, 1. 1.
SEASONS, THE
Spring, the low prelude of a lordlier song;
See also Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter
Summer, a music without hint of death:
4
Autumn, a cadence. lingeringly long:
The tendinous part of the mind, so to speak,
Winter, a pause;-the Minstrel-Year takes
is more developed in winter; the fleshy, in
breath.
summer. I should say winter had given the
WILLIAM WATSON, The Year's Minstrelsy.
bone and sinew to literature, summer the
7
tissues and the blood.
Our seasons have no fixed returns.
JOHN BURROUGHS, The Snow-Walkers.
Without our will they come and go;
5
At noon our sudden summer burns,
Therefore all seasons shall be sweet to thee.
Ere sunset all is snow.
Whether the summer clothe the general earth
J. R. LOWELL, To
St.
2.
With greenness. or the redbreast sit and sing
8
Betwixt the tufts of snow on the bare branch
Autumn to winter, winter into spring,
Of mossy apple-tree.
Spring into summer, summer into fall,-
S. T. COLERIDGE, Frost at Midnight, 1. 65.
So rolls the changing year, and SO we change;
6
Motion so swift, we know not that we move.
Four seasons fill the measure of the year.
DINAH MARIA MULOCK CRAIK, Immutable.
KEATS, The Human Seasons.
9
Perceiv'st thou not the process of the year,
Autumn brings fruit; summer is fair with
How the four seasons in four forms appear,
harvest; spring gives flowers; winter is re-
Resembling human life in ev'ry shape they wear?
lieved by fire. (Poma dat autumnus: formosa
Spring first, like infancy, shoots out her head,
est messibus astas; Ver præbet flores; igne
With milky juice requiring to be fed:
levatur hiemps.)
Proceeding onward whence the year began,
OVID, Rémediorum Amoris, 1. 187.
The Summer grows adult, and ripens into
10
man.
Each changing season doth its poison bring,
Autumn succeeds, a sober, tepid age,
Rheums chill the winter, agues blast the
Not froze with fear, nor boiling into rage;
...
spring.
Last, Winter creeps along with tardy pace.
MATTHEW PRIOR, Ode to the Memory of Colo-
Sour is his front. and furrow'd is his face.
nel Villiers, 1. 49.
OVID, Metamorphoses, XV, 296. (Dryden, tr.)
11
Sing a song of Spring-time. the world is going
Winter brings cold weather. and we must
round,
shiver. Summer returns with its heat. and we
Blown by the south wind. listen to its sound.
must sweat. (Hiems frigora adducit: algen-
Sing a song of Summer, the world is nearly still,
dum est. Etas calores refert: æstuandum est.)
The mill-pond has gone to sleep, and SO has the
mill
SENECA, Epistula ad Lucilium. Epis. cvii, 7.
Sing a song of Autumn. the world is going back:
12
They glean in the corn-field, and stamp on the
January grey is here.
stack
Like a sexton by her grave;
Sing a song of Winter. the world stops dead;
February bears the bier.
Under snowy coverlid flowers lie abed.
March with grief doth howl and rave,
CosMo MONKHOUSE, A Song of the Seasons.
And April weeps-but. 0 ye Hours!
Then, how merry are the times!
Follow with May's fairest flowers.
The Spring times! the Summer times!
SHELLEY, Dirge for the Year. St. 4.
ATHENS
ARRIVAL CEREMONY
at Athinai Airport, Athens, Greece
STATE DINNER
at the Presidential Palace, the "Megaro Proedriou"
the Presidential Palace used to be the Royal Palace.
Very taboo to mention this. I asked for historical
information on the Palace, and everyone was extremely
reluctant, saying there was nothing they could think of
that would be appropriate for the President to mention
President Karamanlis and POTUS will be seated in front
of a tapestry. Everyone claimed ignorance as to what the
tapestry portrayed -- probably something royal?
CHAMBER OF COMMERCE BREAKFAST
will most likely take place at the Hilton. Very similar
to the Chamber of Commerce breakfasts we did in South
America.
PRESS AVAILABILITY FOLLOWING MEETING AT PM'S RESIDENCE
WREATH-LAYING CEREMONY AT THE TOMB OF THE UNKNOWN SOLDIER
(TENTATIVE)
whether or not this takes place depends very much on what
security arrangements can be worked out
Tomb is guarded by the Greek guards known as "evzones."
They do a very elaborate changing of the guard ceremony
every hour
the names of famous battles are written in different
places all over the memorial
Dimitri Alexandrakis from the President's Office, or the
Embassy contacts (see bottom) can probably get
information on the Tomb
ADDRESS TO GREEK PARLIAMENT
called the Vouli, which comes from the Greek verb "to
decide"
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier is right in front of the
Parliament building
the Chamber is non-descript. Nothing of interest to
point out.
when POTUS walks into the Chamber, he will shake hands
with Prime Minister Mitsotakis and the opposition leaders
before mounting the podium.
No Teleprompter! The way the podium is shaped, there's
no way to set up the prompter.
EMBASSY GREETING
at Ambassador's Residence
basic Embassy Greeting
RECIPROCAL COCKTAIL RECEPTION AT AMERICAN AMBASSADOR'S RESIDENCE
instead of having a reciprocal dinner, we're giving this
cocktail reception instead.
POTUS
will
make
brief
remarks.
TOUR OF THE ACROPOLIS
with President Karamanlis. No remarks.
CRETE
ADDRESS TO GREEK AND AMERICAN SHIPS AT SOUDA BAY NAVAL BASE
the plan is to anchor one Greek and one American ship at
the dock -- both of which would have participated in
Operation Desert Storm -- and rig some sort of sound
system so POTUS can speak to both ships at once
no word yet on which ships they'll be
good historical information on the base in packet from
Souda Bay
GOOD CONTACTS:
U.S. Embassy:
91 Vasilissis Sophias Blvd.
101060 Athens
011-30-1-721-2951 or 721-8401
Brady Kiesling
John Klekas, Political Section, x390, (h) 671-
6344
Dimitri Alexandrakis, Diplomatic Cabinet of the President (of
Greece), 724-4834
PRESIDENT'S REMARKS ON
THE ACROPOLIS
I WISH THAT EVERYONE COULD VISIT THIS ANCIENT PLACE BY GREECE'S
FABLED MORNING LIGHT. CENTURIES AFTER ITS CONSTRUCTION, THE
PARTHENON REMAINS THE UNIVERSALLY-RECOGNIZED SYMBOL OF ONE OF
THE PROUDEST PERIODS IN WESTERN CIVILIZATION.
ATHENS WILL CELEBRATE THIS AUTUMN THE TWO THOUSAND FIVE
HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF ITS DEMOCRATIC
INSTITUTIONS. THIS WILL BE AN HISTORIC OCCASION FOR THE
MILLIONS OF PEOPLE TODAY WHO ENJOY THE RIGHTS AND LIBERTIES
GUARANTEED BY DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT.
ARISTOTLE, IN HIS POLITICS, WROTE, "DEMOCRACY AROSE FROM MEN'S
THINKING THAT IF THEY ARE EQUAL IN ANY RESPECT, THEY ARE EQUAL
ABSOLUTELY." THE INFLUENCE OF GREECE'S ANCIENT PHILOSOPHERS ON
THE GREAT THINKERS OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT DIRECTLY AFFECTED THE
BELIEFS OF OUR FOUNDING FATHERS. OUR CONSTITUTION RESTS ON THE
FOUNDATION OF DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES FIRST ESTABLISHED HERE.
THOMAS JEFFERSON, GREAT POPULIST AND THIRD PRESIDENT OF THE
UNITED STATES WROTE, "IT IS AN AXIOM IN MY MIND THAT OUR
LIBERTY CAN NEVER BE SAFE BUT IN THE HANDS OF THE PEOPLE
THEMSELVES." LET US CHERISH OUR RIGHTS AND LIBERTIES. AND MAY
DEMOCRACY PROSPER HERE IN ITS FIRST HOME -- AND AROUND THE
GLOBE.
PRESIDENT'S REMARKS AT AMBASSADOR'S
JULY 19 RECEPTION
MR. PRESIDENT:
GREEKS HAVE A WORLDWIDE REPUTATION AS OPEN-HEARTED HOSTS. MY
RECEPTION HERE -- THE GENEROSITY AND WARMTH OF YOUR WELCOME --
HAS SHOWN HOW JUSTLY DESERVED THAT REPUTATION IS. THANK YOU
FOR THE FOND MEMORIES I WILL TAKE WITH ME FROM THIS VISIT TO
YOUR MAGNIFICENT COUNTRY.
I ALSO WISH TO THANK AMBASSADOR MIKE SOTIRHOS AND HIS WIFE
ESTELLE, FOR INVITING ME TO STAY AT THEIR HOME AND FOR HOSTING
THIS RECEPTION TONIGHT. MIKE HAS DONE A SUPERB JOB
REPRESENTING OUR INTERESTS. MORE THAN EVER AFTER MY VISIT
HERE, I FEEL CONFIDENT ABOUT RELATIONS BETWEEN OUR TWO
COUNTRIES.
MY CONFIDENCE REFLECTS THE FACT THAT OUR RELATIONSHIP IS
GROUNDED ON A BROAD RANGE OF COMMON INTERESTS. LONGSTANDING
FRIENDSHIP BETWEEN OUR PEOPLES. SHARED DEVOTION TO THE
PRINCIPLES OF DEMOCRACY AND INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM. PARTNERSHIP IN
THE ALLIANCE AND ITS GOALS. JOINT DEDICATION TO THE OPERATION
OF A FREE MARKET SOCIETY. OUR SHARED INTEREST IN A EUROPE FREE
AND AT PEACE.
I HAVE HAD THE PRIVILEGE OVER THE LAST TWO DAYS TO MEET SEVERAL
TIMES WITH PRIME MINISTER MITSOTAKIS, AND HIS COLLEAGUES. WE
-2-
DISCUSSED RELATIONS BETWEEN OUR TWO COUNTRIES AND WAYS TO
FURTHER IMPROVE THEM. WE ALSO ADDRESSED BROADER, INTERNATIONAL
ISSUES SUCH AS THE FUTURE OF EUROPE AND ROLE OF THE ALLIANCE.
THE BALKANS, AND HOW GREECE CAN SERVE AS A FORCE FOR STABILITY
IN THAT REGION. REDUCTIONS IN TENSIONS BETWEEN GREECE AND
TURKEY. CYPRUS AND PROSPECTS FOR A FAIR AND EQUITABLE
SETTLEMENT.
CONSTANTINE MITSOTAKIS IS AN ELOQUENT SPOKESMAN FOR HIS
COUNTRY. HE IS ALSO A MAN OF IDEAS. HE BELIEVES STRONGLY --
AS I DO -- IN A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND
GREECE CHARACTERIZED BY COOPERATION AND MUTUAL BENEFIT. WE
ALSO HAVE A SHARED VISION OF EUROPE'S FUTURE -- ONE BASED ON
THOSE SELF-SAME PRINCIPLES OF DEMOCRACY, LIBERTY, AND FREE
MARKETS. WE ALL HAVE A ROLE TO PLAY IN MAKING THAT VISION A
REALITY.
LADIES AND GENTLEMEN, I LEAVE YOUR GREAT COUNTRY TOMORROW. I
DEPART REFRESHED BY THE BEAUTY OF WHAT I HAVE SEEN HERE, AND
COMFORTED BY THE SOLIDITY OF THE TIES BETWEEN OUR TWO NATIONS.
I LOOK FORWARD, MR. PRESIDENT, TO YOUR VISIT TO MY COUNTRY NEXT
YEAR. UNTIL THEN, MAY WE ALL BE GUIDED BY THE LIGHT WHICH
SHOWN OUT so BRIGHTLY FROM THIS CITY 2500 YEARS AGO --
DIMOKRATIA (DEE-MOW-CRAW-TEE-AH). THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
REMARKS
U.S. EMBASSY ATHENS, JULY 20
HAVING BEEN AN AMBASSADOR MYSELF, I KNOW THAT I HAVE NOT ONLY
MIKE TO THANK FOR THE FLAWLESS EXECUTION OF THE SCHEDULE HERE,
BUT EACH AND EVERY ONE OF YOU. MANY OF YOU PERSONALLY WORKED
ON SOME ASPECT OF THIS VISIT. SOME OF YOU STOOD AT THE SIDE OF
THOSE WHO DID AND OFFERED SUPPORT AND UNDERSTANDING FOR THE
LATE NIGHTS AND LONG HOURS. YOU ALL HAVE MY APPRECIATION FOR A
JOB WELL DONE.
I WANT TO ADD THAT MY THANKS NATURALLY INCLUDE THE EFFORTS OF
THE FOREIGN SERVICE NATIONAL EMPLOYEES IN ATHENS, WHOSE UNIQUE
TALENTS AND SKILLS HAVE BEEN ESSENTIAL TO THE RUNNING OF THIS
EMBASSY.
WE HAVE A SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP WITH GREECE. MUCH OF IT GOES ON
IN PURELY PRIVATE CHANNELS -- BUSINESSMEN, RELATIVES,
PROFESSORS AND OTHERS TRAVELING BACK AND FORTH. BUT DIPLOMACY
SHAPES ALL THIS, DIPLOMACY SHELTERS IT, AND TODAY AND
YESTERDAY, IN ANY WHIRLWIND TOUR OF CRETE AND ATHENS, I CAN
TESTIFY THAT DIPLOMACY CELEBRATES OUR SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP.
THIS CELEBRATION IS ESPECIALLY SWEET, BECAUSE IT'S BEEN A
HARROWING YEAR. I'M THINKING BACK TO LAST AUGUST, THE INVASION
OF KUWAIT AND THE MONTHS LEADING UP TO WAR. THESE WERE TIMES
FOR HARD WORK AND HARD DECISIONS IN MANY PLACES, INCLUDING
-2-
WASHINGTON. BUT YOU PERSEVERED AND PULLED TOGETHER WITH YOUR
COLLEAGUES ABROAD AND AT HOME IN SUPPORT OF OUR MILITARY
SERVICES. I KNOW YOU SHARED THE PRIDE I FELT WHEN I WATCHED
THE VICTORY PARADES IN AMERICA. JUST REMEMBER: YOUR EFFORTS,
AND SUCCESSFUL LIAISON WITH THE GREEK GOVERNMENT, WERE
IMPORTANT TO OUR CAUSE. WHEN WAR CAME, I KNOW THIS EMBASSY --
THE WHOLE AMERICAN COMMUNITY -- FACED A SERIOUS TERRORIST
THREAT. I KNOW YOU STAFFED A COMMAND POST AROUND THE CLOCK.
YOU DIDN'T FLINCH OR COMPLAIN. IT WAS A TREMENDOUS
PERFORMANCE.
LET ME JUST CLOSE WITH A WORD OF SPECIAL THANKS AND ADMIRATION
FOR MIKE SOTIRHOS. HE'S A GOOD FRIEND AS WELL AS A GIFTED AND
HARD-WORKING AMBASSADOR, AND I CAN TELL YOU FROM PERSONAL
EXPERIENCE IN HIS HOME, HE AND ESTELLE ARE MARVELOUS HOSTS. I
COULDN'T HOPE TO HAVE A BETTER OR A FINER AMERICAN TO SERVE ME
HERE -- AND so: GOD BLESS YOU ALL, GOD BLESS AMERICA AND GOD
BLESS GREECE.
PRESIDENT BUSH'S ARRIVAL STATEMENT
ATHENS, GREECE
MR. PRESIDENT -- I AM GREATLY HONORED TO HAVE YOU WELCOME ME
HERE TODAY, AND TO SEE PRIME MINISTER MITSOTAKIS AND OTHER
DISTINGUISHED MEMBERS OF THE GOVERNMENT. AS SOME OF YOU MAY
KNOW, I VISITED ATHENS ONCE BEFORE IN THE EARLY 1960'S AS A
PRIVATE BUSINESSMAN. I COME NOW AS THE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE
AMERICAN PEOPLE, WHO TAKE GREAT PRIDE IN THEIR LONGSTANDING
TIES OF FRIENDSHIP WITH THE PEOPLE OF GREECE.
DWIGHT EISENHOWER WAS THE LAST U.S. PRESIDENT TO VISIT GREECE,
IN DECEMBER OF 1959. THE WORLD WAS A VERY DIFFERENT PLACE
THEN. TENSIONS BETWEEN EAST AND WEST WERE ESCALATING. THE
RESOLVE OF THE ALLIANCE IN UPHOLDING THE CAUSE OF FREEDOM AND
DEMOCRACY WAS BEING TESTED. AND THE LIGHT OF LIBERTY IN MANY
COUNTRIES WAS ALREADY EXTINGUISHED BY TOTALITARIAN RULE.
DURING PRESIDENT EISENHOWER'S VISIT, OUR TWO COUNTRIES
REAFFIRMED THEIR SUPPORT FOR THE OBJECTIVES OF NATO. TO UNITE
FOR THE COLLECTIVE DEFENSE AND FOR PRESERVATION OF PEACE AND
SECURITY. TO DEFEND THE PRINCIPLES OF DEMOCRACY, INDIVIDUAL
LIBERTY, AND THE RULE OF LAW. THE ALLIANCE ROSE TO MEET EVERY
CHALLENGE TO ITS MEMBERS AND ITS BELIEFS. IT HAS PROSPERED AND
FLOURISHED. TOTALITARIANISM HAS BEEN ERODED BY ITS DEFEATS AND
COLLAPSED UNDER ITS OWN UNSUSTAINABLE WEIGHT.
-2-
I HAVE JUST COME FROM THE ECONOMIC SUMMIT MEETING IN LONDON.
WE BELIEVE THAT THE FUTURE OF THE WORLD COMMUNITY HOLDS MORE
PROMISE THAN EVER BEFORE. I SEE EVERY REASON FOR HOPE. EVERY
REASON TO JOIN IN BUILDING A WORLD ORDER FOUNDED ON THOSE SAME
TRIED AND TRUE ALLIANCE PRINCIPLES. AND ONE REASON I AM HERE
TODAY IS TO DISCUSS THAT FUTURE WITH GREECE'S LEADERS.
I AM ALSO HERE TO AFFIRM AMERICA'S INTEREST IN A STRONG AND
MUTUALLY BENEFICIAL PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN OUR TWO COUNTRIES. AND
TO HONOR THE COUNTRY WHICH GAVE BIRTH TO DEMOCRACY IN THIS VERY
CITY 2,500 YEARS AGO.
DWIGHT EISENHOWER WAS HERE IN A COLD WINTER OF THE COLD WAR. I
AM FORTUNATE TO BE WITH YOU IN THE SUN-WASHED SUMMER OF GREECE
AND A NEW AGE. PERHAPS YOUR OWN NOBEL PRIZE-WINNING POET
GEORGE SEFERIS SAID IT BEST: "A LITTLE FARTHER -- WE WILL SEE
ALMOND TREES BLOSSOMING -- THE MARBLE GLEAMING IN THE SUN --
THE SEA BREAKING INTO WAVES. A LITTLE FARTHER -- LET US RISE A
LITTLE HIGHER."
LET US RISE TOGETHER. THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
RETURN TOAST TO KARAMANLIS
STATE DINNER -- JULY 18
THANK YOU, MR. PRESIDENT, FOR THAT WARM WELCOME AND THOSE KIND
WORDS. I CANNOT TELL YOU HOW PLEASED I AM TO BE IN GREECE ONCE
AGAIN AFTER so LONG A TIME.
MR. PRESIDENT, WE OFTEN SPEAK OF THE FUNDAMENTAL IMPORTANCE OF
DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES, INDIVIDUAL HUMAN LIBERTIES AND THE RULE
OF LAW. THE NORTH ATLANTIC ALLIANCE IS GROUNDED ON RECOGNITION
OF THOSE PRINCIPLES. MANY OTHER COUNTRIES LONG AGO BASED THEIR
GOVERNMENTS ON THESE IDEAS. AND WE ARE NOW WITNESSING THE
TRIUMPH OF THE HUMAN SPIRIT OVER TOTALITARIANISM AS THE SPARK
OF DEMOCRACY FLICKERS AND CATCHES IN VIRTUALLY EVERY CORNER OF
EUROPE.
WITH THE REFORMS OF CLEISTHENES, SOME 2,500 YEARS AGO,
DEMOCRACY WAS FIRST BORN HERE IN ATHENS. GREECE WILL BE
CELEBRATING THAT SEMINAL OCCASION THIS FALL, AND I WISH YOU
EVERY SUCCESS AND CONGRATULATIONS.
YOU, MR. PRESIDENT, HAVE PLAYED A TREMENDOUSLY IMPORTANT ROLE
IN PRESERVING THE FLAME OF DEMOCRACY. IT WAS YOU WHO RESTORED
DEMOCRACY TO GREECE IN 1974. MANY WORLD LEADERS HAVE WORKED
WITHIN AN OPERATING DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM. BUT ONLY A GALLANT FEW
HAVE FACED THE CHALLENGE OF REVERSING AUTOCRACY AND RETURNING
-2-
DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES TO GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETY. YOU ARE A
BEACON IN THAT SMALL, VERY DISTINGUISHED GROUP. YOUR SUCCESS
IN THIS PROFOUND ENDEAVOR WAS A VICTORY FOR GREECE AND FOR US
ALL.
TWICE PRIME MINISTER OF GREECE, AND NOW TWICE PRESIDENT YOU ARE
AN INSPIRATION NOT ONLY TO YOUR PEOPLE, BUT TO ME AND MANY
OTHERS.
LADIES AND GENTLEMEN, I ASK YOU TO RISE AND JOIN ME IN A TOAST
TO THE HEALTH OF PRESIDENT KARAMANLIS, TO THE ENDURING TIES OF
ALLIANCE AND FRIENDSHIP BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND THE
HELLENIC REPUBLIC, AND TO THE IDEALS FOR WHICH WHICH WE STAND.
LONG MAY THEY PROSPER.
TABLE I
MARKET ANALYSIS
CDR Longstreet
HOTEL HOUSING FOR TDY/TAD PERSONNEL SOUDA BAY NAVAL SUPPORT ACTIVITY, CRETE
DRX
USD
HOTEL
NO.
POC &
DAILY
DAILY
NO.
NAME
LOCATION
ROOMS
TELEPHONE
RATES
RATES
1
ARKADI
CHANIA
60
MR. MNITSAOIS
$ 3,500
$22.00
40181
D 4,500
$28.00
2
KYDON
CHANIA
114
MR. LIMOGIANNI
S 3,800
$24.00
D 5,700
$36.00
3
KRITI
CHANIA
90
MR. MANOUSAKAS
$ 4,200
$26.00
D 5,200
$32.00
4
PORTO
CHANIA
63
MANAGER N/A
S 4,500
$28.00
VENELIANO
29311/3
D 5,500
$35.00
5
XENIA
CHANIA
44
MANAGER N/A
$ 3,300
$21.00
24561
D 3,800
$24.00
6
PANORAMA
KALIMAKI
160
MR. SINOTOLLIDIS
$ 6,000
$38.00
(1st choice)
31700-7
D10,000
$62.00
54200-2
7
SAMARIA
CHANIA
59
MS. LAMOSAKTIS
$ 5,000
$32.00
51551
D 6,500
$41.00
8
MONTE
KOUNIPIDANA
22
MR. MANALOKIS
$ 3,500
$22.00
VARDIA
40872
D 4,500
$28.00
9
SANTA
KALIMAKI
150
MR. MANOUSAKAS
$ 6,500
$41.00
MARINA
68460
D10,000
$62.00
(2nd choice)
10
PYRGOS
COUNIPDANA
20
MR. LIVADITAKI
$ 3,500
$22.00
64431
D 5,000
$32.00
11
DICTYNNA
CHANIA
35
MR. HELLOUDAKIS
$ 4,000
$25.00
21101
D 5,000
$32.00
12
ROYAL SUN CHANIA
22
MR. KONSTANTINOS
3,900
$25.00
42618
D 4,500
$28.00
when d heard d was
coming to Sonda Buy Naval Buse
l thought, "Man, that volcaro in the
Phillippines had to be awbully powerful to
blow our buse all the way to
Greece,"
Page No.
1
06/04/91
NAVSUPPACT BERTHING REPORTINGLY
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
TOTAL COMMAND ONBASE NAMFI PRIVATE AKALI KYDON ROYAL SUN PYRGOS MONTE SAMARIA AKRO- XENIA
NANNAS
POPULATION
HOUSING HOTEL HOTEL
HOTEL HOTEL VARDIA
HOTEL
TIRI HOTEL
PENSION
HOTEL
NSA ADMIN
11
3
0
8
0
0
0
is
0
0
0
0
0
NSA SUPPLY
24
10
0
14
Y
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
NSA SECURITY
37
5
0
32
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
S
0
NSA AIR OPS
25
13
0
12
0
y
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
NSA PW
24
7
0
17
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
NSA REC SVCS
20
0
0
20
0
0
U
0
0
0
0
0
0
NEX
9
0
0
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
NBS
3
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
CSD
6
2
0
4
is
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
MEDICAL
4
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
NAVCOMMDET
30
2
D
27
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
USMC
60
60
0
0
0
0
$
0
0
S
0
0
S
USAF MAC
2
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
AOSD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
VQ-2
65
2
0
7
35
0
0
21
D
0
0
I
0
VP-5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
CB DET
67
67
0
0
0
0]
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
USAF SAC
93
3
42
32
10
3
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
USAF ESC
63
0
0
5
54
0
3
0
0
0
1
0
0
NWAC
'2
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
MOMAG
26
7
0
19
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
NOCD
11
5
1
5
0
0
LT
0
0
0
0
0
0
USAFE
/
36
D
18
0
10
3
0
0
3
0
0
2
0
NIS
6
0
0
6
0
0
G
0
0
0
0
0
0
*** Total ***
624
190
61
224
109
7
3
21
6
0
1
2
8
7. Climatology
Snow can occur during the December -
Flying conditions at Souda Bay are
February winter period, but due to the
excellent, with VFR conditions (ceiling
The climate at NSA Souda Bay is affected
relatively mild temperatures, it doesn't
over 1,500 feet, visability - five miles)
by many physical and topographic features
stay on the ground long. Similarly,
prevailing 97% of the time. IFR
of the Mediterranean basin. The
temperatures rarely drop below the
conditions (ceiling less than 1,500 feet,
Mediterranean is encircled to the weet
freezing mark, except for very short
visability - five miles) account for 2.5%
and north by high mountain ranges, which
periods of time.
of the total flying time with the field
except for a few gaps and passes, block
being below GCA minimums less than 0.5%
cold air from Central and Northern Europe
of the time.
from entering the basin. The Atlas
Mountains of North Africa cause low
pressure areas to develop which affect
the central Mediterranean area. These
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
a
A
a
0
N
D
lows frequently track eastward to Crete
bringing rain and clouds. The north-
7
eastern Mediterranean is bordered by the
6
Pindus range and the Anatolian Plateau of
Turkey. The flow of air through these
0
mountain range gaps and the Straits of
INCHES
W
SALM
4
...
€
Gibraltar dictate the overall climate of
the Mediterranean.
B
a
I
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
8
o
N
D
+
no
(407)
.
110
(was)
WIND ROSE
PRECIPITATION
too
(N.Y)
THE
. OF were
90
MARK
(NL))
SIGNATURE
8
(ta.e)
AVERAGE wine
DEGREES
TO
AVERAGE
VELSCITY - KROTS
121.0
00
(19 a)
DO
009
40
(4)
30
+11
to
+an
10
(-12)
0
1-17.57
F
TEMPERATURE
(c)
II-11
S
E
A
OF
1. Topography
200
CRETE
The NSA Souda Bay airfield is located on
200
300
100
the Akrotiri peninsula, north of Souda
Bay. The airfield elevation is 480 feet
(146.3M) above mean uea level. The NSA
STAVROS
100
300
compound, located in the northeast corner
300
of the field, contains approximately 110
500
acres. The area within the compound
slopes gradually from the entrance road
NAME
500
COMPLEX
8
to the southwest. Elevations range from
30
80
1200
484 feet above mean sea level (AMSL) at
For
the intersection of the entry road into
30
ARROPOLI
the NSA complex to 443 feet AMSL in the
southwest corner of the compound. There
CHORFAKIA
are small rocky knolls throughout, some
MT.
20
SKEOPA
six to nine feet high.
&
100
400
CHORDAKI
Immediately north of the station boundary
cliffs rise abruptly to 806 feet AMSL
NSA
30
(245.7 M). This cliff line forms the
KAMPANI
MOUZOURAS
SOUDA BAY
70
southern boundary of a second plateau
200
about one-half mile wide. The terrain
KATNIANA
NAME DRONE
again rises sharply terminating at Mt.
ROUNOUPIDIANA
bouda AIRPIELD
LAUNCH BITE
Sklopa - 1,732 feet (528 M).
130
150
Yogo
PAXIMOS
or
ORAKE
PITHARI
ARONE
ST.
MATTHEWS
NAME:
:
130 CANTONMENT
AREA
HANIA
$1,
of
STERNES
or
&
100
100
to
10
MARATH
CONTOURS IN METERS
20
2 E
&
METERS
HELLENIC / NATO
1000
o
FACILITIES
1000
2000
MILES
10
SOUDA 10.
2
5
o
#
1
20
SOUDA
A
TOPOGRAPHY
20
II-9
3. History
In October 1953, the Kingdom of Greece
and the Government of the United States
concluded an agreement for mutual dofens
which provided for the development, use
and operation of military facilities on
MEDICAL/DENTAL
the Greek mainland and the Island of
INDOOR CRT
TRANSPORMER
Crete. The most recent update to this
FEET
agreement was in 1973. In accordance
WEATHER
EMERO. GEN,
HAF
with the original agreement, U.S. Navy
VANS
o
QUARD FAC.
200
400
SUPPLY WHSE.
operations out of Souds Bay commenced in
BEO STOR
COMM. BLOG.
DRAINAGE DITCH
o
50
1961. As provided for in the "Use
100
I
MESSAGE CTA.
150
METERS
Agreement,' the U.S. Navy's personnel
0
COMM. VANS
component was relatively small and the
$1
BEQ
PUBLIC WORKS
PRIVATE
BEO
MEBO. EM CLUB
FARMLANDS
REO
SUBSTA.
PW VEN. SHOP
specific number of air operations per
LBR. THEA. EXCH.
calendar quarter were limited. With the
53
BEQ
POL OFFICE
"
ADMIN/P.O.
increasingly volatile political climate
:
BEO
A/C TRUCK
in the esstern Mediterranean, plans for
FUEL FAC.
the expansion of the U.S. Navy's facility
at Souda Bay (then a detachment of NAF
FREQUENCY
D=
Sigonella, Sicily) were initiated in
CONVERTER
BOO
1972-1973. The planning was completed
BASKETBALL
BEO
VOLLEY BALL
and both NATO infrastructure and MILCON
"
AIRCRAFT HARQSTANDS
NATO
43
42
TENNIS CATS.
SUBSTA.
projects were placed in current-year
47
programs, when Turkish forces landed on
*
1250
NATO HANGAR
DMT.
80
"
Cyprus in the summer of 1974. Greece
SAFETY
HAF GUARD
TAXIWAY OBSTR. CLEAR LINE
FAC.
then withdrew from NATO as a military
TO CIVILIAN
BLOG
POHAE
8
4a
member and concurrently placed restric-
TERMINAL
2
JP-5 PUMP HOUGE
AIR CARGO
NAVY
A OTOR
tions on U.S. military operations
$
BROADCAST STUDIO
throughout the country.
NORTH PARALLEL TAXIWAY
9,800' x 100'
Almost concurrent with Greece's rejoining
RED LABEL
AREA
NATO's military component on 20 October
EXISTING CONDITIONS
1980, the U.S. Naval Detachment at Souda
10
U.S. NAVAL SUPPORT ACTIVITY
Bay became an independent command, the
SOUDA.BAY CRETE
U.S. Naval Support Activity, Souda Bay,
Crete on 1 October 1980
IF7
s
OUTER HORIZONTAL BURFACE-600 RL A.A.E.
CONICAL SURFACE-201 BLOPE
200
54200
300
o,
CONTOWNS - METERS
INNER HORIZONTAL
100
INSTERS
SURFACE-160 R.A.A.E.
300
Issue
o
1000
2006
B
100
WILES
5
.
&
NAME
8
ago
COMPLEX
:
2200
30
800
TRANSITION SURFACE
7:1 BLOPE
28000
CHERFAKIA
n
;
A.A.E.= ABOVE AIRFIELD ELEVATION
SKLOPA
328
&
RUNWAY 11-20 ELEV: 460 ft.
400
CHORDAKI
ABOVE MEAN SEA LEVEL
NSA
30
SOUDA BAY
TO
GULF OF
V
too
NAME: BRONG
HANIA
LAUNCH sire
130
E
OUR
UPIOIAMA
130
1so
PAPINOS
8
10
ORANIE
PITMARK
AROM
NAME
119
150 CANTONMENT
ARE
HANIA
4
STERNEY
10%
100
100
APPROACH BURFACE-60:1 SURFAIL BLOPE
29
20
MARATHI
to
S
HELLENIC /MATO
FACILITY
'o
10
yours
&
TRANSITION SURFACE
SOUDA
10
4
7:1 SLOPE
8
8 A Y
200
200
300
KALAMI
LATERAL SAFETY ZONE
400
700 ft. WIDE
390
"
KALIVES
232
300
110
soe
IMAGINARY SURFACES
A
U
II-14
NOTES:
LEGEND
THE SOUTH PARALLEL TAXIWAY 18
CONFIGURED FOR USE AS AN EMER-
E-28 ARRESTING GEAR
TO - DOUGA BAY
GENCY RUNWAY AND 18 PROVIDED
INNER HORIZONTAL SURFACE
EAMPL MISSOLE BASKE
WITH A 700 11 LATERAL 8AFETY
150 FT. ABOVE GROUND LEVEL
44B2E ARRESTING(CHAIN)GEAR
ZONE.
THE 7:1 TRANSITION BLOPE FOR RUN-
WAY 11/29 STARTS AT NORTH SIDE
AIR FORCE TYPE WEB BARRIER
OF NORTH TAXIWAY.
80:1 MANIAISOUSA SURFACE CH
CIVILIAN AME
FLIGHTS BELOW 600 ft OVER MOMAG
TERMINAL
VILLAGE OF MOUEOURAS
O.L.8. FRESNEL LENS
COMPOUND ARE PROHIBITED.
1000
ROATA
'
He
TAXIWAY
S
U.S. NAVAL SUPPORT
FERAO
2000,
!
ACTIVITY SOUDA BAY
?
:
BAFET
&
/
f
//
ONE
HELLENIC AP
/
AMMO AREA
MOMAG
COMPOUND
116 COMBAT Annwing
ACFT CONT RASH/REBCUE TOWER STATIO
2000'
2116 E8QD
HELLENIC AIRFORCE
1000'
1500'
118th CAW
FEET
(HAF) DATE
600
o
500
1000
1500
2000
50:1 BURFACE ACH
METERS
150
0
100
200
500
400
000
400
TO NAMPS CANTONMENT/
HAMA/SOUSA
AIRFIELD SAFETY
II-15
SEA OF CRETE
NSA
SOUDA BAY
and
MALENE " HANIA
2017
(285)
STELL
a
KHANA
SUITAI
SOUDA BAY
863
IRAKLION
367
36
Pénormos
hghthouse
di
(USAF 7276 ABG)
AGIOS
8
1972
RETHIMNON
AYIA MARINA
NIKOLAOS
336
1555
LEAD
BAKUON
LEI
670
Gourner
tasos DHEAGONADHA
NISOS KASOS
M26
NB
MARION
680
CD"
$ 1
NEAPOUS
234
R
at
SITIA
-
2959
1404
TRICE
758
alaikastron
Khore Stotion
Ayios Nikolopi
5471
TOMBATO
LGR19
R
MISIDES PREMADIRA 827
MOIRA
35°
35°
371
1283 new
IERAPETRA
210
fortances
(282)
LGR27
00
26°
7
MEDITERRANEAN
Non
1202
asos GAVONOS
SEA
ISLAND OF CRETE
0
16.8ml
II-3
215
KHERSONISOS AKROTIRI
210
Mouzourás
37
232
74
Agonema
à
APT
K
53
129
0240
Plakoure
129
Kathania
OF
2476
240
t33
00
DEL
28
d
a
36
ying Andonios
Aerodhrómion Soudhas
JMARES 124
OE
130
85
E
7
MO
46
II
ost
95
(05)
a:
w
60
Pervolitsa
49
Argoblishes
EL
P
a
84
Paxinós
35
50
FAMBO
if
Avios Nikólaps
$
avios Nikdle
20
81
#
040
: o
40
41
42
LÁMIA
44
5
72 46
47tor
NAMEL
49
Aronium
6
153
of
0
AND
a
73
75
45
34
76
86
183
o+
1
no
16
D
MELISSA
Stérnai
Vigles
67
72
130
9
195
zi
E
1902
ARATH
100
&
2
-
62
B2
d
PRA
2
5
E
21
4
33
5
72
+++
17
24
71
53
2
if
59
105
103
sand
3
13
35
Nisís Palaiá Soúdha
17
Maráthi)
foul
/57
102
100
Panayia
20
18
74
2
54
57
73
2
5
121
32
60
6
102
FUEL
12
24
134
10
20
47
68
15
NAMFI
4
31
106
122
80
PIER
to
57
81
130
155
BEACH
18
105
sand
Nisi.
43
S
45
43
117
63
69
155
200
Visis Soúdha
28
C
+++
203
+H
10
34
79
55
68
S
197
31
100
28
205
22
foul
33
43
53
10
88
108
3
23
60
36
2
N
S
O
A
29
S
K
R
97
206
3
III
59
31
24
E.S.
77
210
27
36
(CRETE)
23
46
2
202
210
100
29
28
30
02
4
16
foul
38
65
21
100
20c
+++
84
1-10
46
15
108
23
To
85
8
H
16
38
40
73
Akra Soúdha
26
33
39
8
5
8 sand:
Anchorage and 16
Avios Josnnic
3
$2.76
fishing prohibited
fou
43
30
29
PRIMARY DIST. LINE FROM
MAIN. COMMER.
(Building 4 - 12KW and Building 2 -
HANIA -10kv. DEL POLE
U/O FEEDER
MTD. SUBSTA.
100KW). Maintenance and repair of the
NOTE:
EMERG.GEN. FAC.
distribution system up to and including
ALL DIST. CABLES
COMM. EMERG. QEN. 12kw
(IRA. @300kw)
FEET
the substation is the responsibility of
UNDERGROUND
TO MOMAG VIA
MAIN USN SUBSTA
0
200
400
the DEI. Public works maintains/repairs
OVERHEAD DIST. LINE
MAIN GREEK
0
50
100
the system from that point on. Electri-
150
(NATO) BURSTA.
METERS
OF
city is supplied to the MOMAG compound at
6
DD
MANY O.T.R. TEL
380/220V, 50Hz, via overhead lines. The
52
TRUNK LIME FROM MAMIA
USN
capacity of the existing substation is
0
SUBSTA.
64
MAIN TELEPHONE RACK
adequate to accommodate existing and
46
46
53
TO HAP
BYPASSED GREEK SUBSTA.
proposed electrical demands without major
FAC.
modification. However, a complete
engineering study of the internal
02
electrical system is required prior to
FREQUENCY
44
the start of any major construction
CONVERTER
SOHZ-BOHZ
projects which will increase electrical
48
43
42
demand.
47
1239'
USH SUBSTA.
69
The internal distribution provides both
SAFETY
TAXIWAY OBSTRUCTION CLEAR, LINE
60
50Hz/220V and 60Hz/110V service which in
328'
FROM HAF DIST.
many cases was accomplished by "add-ona"
GREEK POL
BYS.-10bv.
without consideration for the integrity
POWER SUBSTA.
NORTH PARALLEL TAXIWAY
or capacity of the circuit or leg. This
9,000' . x 100'
has resulted in frequently blown circuits
AED LABEL
AREA
and damage to equipment energized by
760'
improper voltage. Outdoor security
ELECTRICAL/TELEPHONE
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
lighting is minimal and will require a
totally new system which should be
accomplished as part of the overall
electrical system improvement. The
5. Utilities
existing distribution system, parts of
located adjacent to the hardened NATO
which date to the mid-forties, requires a
substation provides 110/220V, 60Hz power
comprehensive evaluation with a reliable
a. Electric
for use by the communication and weather
schematic drawing. Circuits of ques-
detachment facilities. Some facilities
tionable size/capacity should be replaced
Commercial power is provided by the Greek
have also been tied into the frequency
or enlarged and abandoned cables
National Electric Company (DEI) gene-
converter to provide 110V, 60Hz power in
physically removed.
rating plant in Hania and enters the main
addition to 220V, 50Hz.
substation at 15KV, 50Hz. Power is
The desired position is to have the
stepped down to 380/220V, 50Hz, and is
Power outages occur frequently and the
entire activity operate with equipment
distributed throughout the complex via
communication and weather facilities are
that is 50/60Hz capable. Equipment
underground cable. A frequency converter
tied into emergency generator units
acquired from foreign manufacturers and
III-6
NAMFI RANGE
NAVAL SUPPORT ACTIVITY
(wood) -
MOUZOURAS
ANTL APT.
KOUNOUPIDIANA
KARTHIAHA
N
HAF SIDE
NATO AMMO
STORAGE AREA
GALAGADOS
TO CHANIA (10MILES)
NATO (us)
MOMAG COMPOUND
KORAKES
PITHARI
NAMFI
STERNES
ARONI
NATO FACILITIES
IIIII
I.m
PRR
AMMO
TO
I
PIERS
NATO FACILITIES
FERRYS
POL
SOUDA BAY
PIER
SOUDA
IRAKLION AFB (100 MiLES)
Vicinity Map 35°31.9 31.9 N
24°09'E
0
5800FT
Naval Support Activity
Figure 1
SOUDA BAY, CRETE
3
CIVILIAN TERMINAL
NATO AMMO
STORAGE
NATO
MOMAG COMPOUND
HELLANIC
AIR FORCE
U.S.NAVY
PORTION
Existing Conditions
0
1000 2000FT
Naval Support Activity
Figure 2
SOUDA BAY, CRETE
4
NAVSUPPACT SOUDA BAY CRETE GREECE AND TENANT COMMANDE
TELEPHONE DIRECTORY
JUN 1221
NAVSUPPACT
OFFICE
COS
HOME
COMMANDING OFFICER
231
2
64528
EXECUTIVE OFFICER
232
2
COMMAND MASTER CHIEF
236
3
CONOPS
230
3
GREEK LIASION OFFICE
238
3
ADMINISTRATION
OFFICE
COS
HOME
ADMIN OFFICER
233
3
ADMINISTRATION OFFICE
234
3
UNIV. OF MARYLAND REP
237
3
CAREER COUNSELOR
235
3
POST OFFICE
239
3
SUPPLY
OFFICE
COS
HOME
SUPPLY OFFICER
252
1
PURCHASING
253
1
BOQ/BEQ MANAGER
254
1
CARGO/HHG
255
1
FUEL FARM
260
3
GALLEY RECORDS OFFICE
261
1
GALLEY MESS DECK
266
1
OPERATIONS
OFFICE
COS
HOME
OPERATIONS OFFICER
271
2
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL
273
3
GSE / ORDINANCE
279
7
CRASH CREW LOUNGE
274
1
PASSENGER TERMINAL
275
1
CRASH EMERGENCY
272
3
PUBLIC WORKS
OFFICE
COS
HOME
PUBLIC WORKS OFFICER
211
1
PUBLIC WORKS ADMIN
212
1
TROUBLE CALLS
212
1
TRANSPORTATION (CONTRACT) 214
1
TRANSPORTATION DISPATCHER 215
1
UT/CE SHOP
216
1
BU/SW SHOP
213
1
RECREATIONAL SERVICES
OFFICE
COS
HOME
DIRECTOR
287
3
ACCOUNTING
286
1
REC CENTER/ TRAVEL INFO
288
1
SIRROCO WINDS CLUB
289
1
SECURITY
OFFICE
COS
HOME
SECURITY OFFICER
221
1
ASST SECURITY OFFICER
225
1
DISPATCHER
223
4
EMERGENCY
222
1
CUSTOMS, MVRO
226
1
SNOILVOILSHANI
227
1
NISRA
224
3
MARINE OIC
348
3
OFFICER AND CPO ROOMS
COS
BOQ ROOM 1
341
1
BOQ ROOM 2
342
1
BOQ ROOM 3
343
1
BOQ ROOM 4
344
1
BOQ ROOM 5
345
1
BOQ ROOM 6
346
1
BOQ GOLD ROOM
347
1
BOQ ROOM 8
348
1
CPO ROOM 8
351
1
CPO ROOM 1
352
1
CPO ROOM 2
353
1
CPO ROOM 3
354
1
CPO ROOM 4
355
1
CPO ROOM 5
356
1
CPO ROOM 6
357
1
CPO ROOM 7
358
1
BOQ / BEQ LOUNGES
COS
BOQ BLDG 57
340
1
BEQ 52 CPO
350
1
BEQ 9 PO1
360
1
BEQ 51 PO2
370
1
BEQ 53 P03 AND BELOW
371
1
BEQ 54 MARINE
372
1
BEQ 7 MARINE
373
1
BEQ 56 FEMALE
374
1
TENANT COMMANDS
MEDICAL
OFFICE
COS
HOME
SICK CALL / OFFICE
290
2
MOMAG DET 6
OFFICE
COS
HOME
OFFICER-IN-CHARGE
500
2
ADMIN
501
2
NAVY BROADCAST
OFFICE
COS
HOME
OFFICE
426
7
NAVY EXCHANGE
OFFICE
COS
HOME
MANAGER
431
2
CASHIER
432
1
WAREHOUSE
433
1
USAF MILITARY AIRLIFT COMMAND
OFFICE
COS
HOME
OFFICE
296
7
'0' CLUB
297
7
NWAC
OFFICE
COS
HOME
OFFICE
298
7
CUSTOMER SERVICE DESK
OFFICE
cos
HOME
PERSONNEL
241
2
DISBURSING
240
3
NAVAL OCEANOGRAPHIC COMMAND DETACHMENT
OFFICE
COS
HOME
CPOIC
284
3
WEATHER OFFICE
284
3
VQ-2
OFFICE
COS
HOME
MAINTENANCE OFFICER
413
1
OPERATIONS
410
1
ADMIN
411
1
SPINTCOM
412
1
SEABEE DET
OFFICE
COS
HOME
OFFICER-IN-CHARGE
280
3
AOIC
281
1
SUPPLY / CTR
281
REC TENT
283
1
NAVCOMM DET
OFFICE
cos
HOME
OFFICER-IN-CHARGE
450
2
AOIC
451
2
OPERATIONS CHIEF
452
3
TRAFFIC ANALYSIS
453
1
MESSAGE CENTER
454
4
SPECIAL PROJECTS
455
1
ET SHOP
456
1
TRC-170 SITE
469
6
TELEPHONE MAINTENANCE
457
1
SUPPLY
458
1
US AIR FQBQE TELEPHONE NUMBERS
OFFICE
COS
SAC / ESC ADMIN
300
0
VS-32 / SAC GSE
351
e
SAC OPERATIONS
320
6
SAC / ESC ADMIN
392
6
SAC /ESC OIC
321
2
SAC QA
363
6
SAC SUPPLY
322
6
SAC MATERIAL CONTROL
304
6
SAC / ESC CROF
365
2
SAC JOB CONTROL
396
6
SAC MAINTENANCE
323
6
SAC MAINTENANCE
307
6
SAC JOB CONTROL
324
2
SAC MUNITIONS
325
6
SAC OPERATIONS
308
6
D. 0. OFFICE
309
2
SAC JOB CONTROL
326
6
E-SYS
327
6
ELECTRONIC MAINT
328
6
PB-5
329
6
MARINE GUARD SHACK
200
1
EAX TELEPHONE NUMBERS
NAVY HOSPITAL NAPLES IT
3-81-762-7482
COMFAIRMED NAPLES IT
3-81-762-2007
NAVSUPPACT SOUDA BAY GR
3-0821-63158
FREQUENTLY USED TELEPHONE NUMBERS
IRAKLION AIR BASE OPERATOR
COMMERCIAL #81-761281 / 2 / 3
AUTOVON 668-1110
AMERICAN EMBASSY ATHENS
COMMERCIAL 01-721-2951/8661/8401
ODC ATHENS
COMMERCIAL 01-322-5732/0112
USALG NAMFI
COMMERCIAL 59581
AUTOVON 661-9727
HAF 02-435/438
NAMFI OPERATOR
COMMERCIAL 26101 / 2 / 3 / 4
NWAC NAMFI
HAF 02-132
SOUDA NAVAL HOSPITAL
COMMERCIAL 89308 / 9
SOUDA NAVAL BASE
COMMERCIAL 89561 / 89568
GREEK CUSTOMS HANIA
COMMERCIAL 22406
GREEK CUSTOMS SOUDA
COMMERCIAL 89277
FREQUENTLY USED COMMERCIAL NUMBERS
TRAVEL RESERVATIONS
HANIA AIRPORT
63219 / 63264
OLYMPIC AIRWAYS
27701 / 2 / 3
KYRIAKAKIS TRAVEL
20343 / 57343
SPA TOURS
75444
TWA, ATHENS
01-322-6451
ANEK FERRY LINES
23636 / 25656
MINOAN FERRY LINES
24352
AUTO RENTALS
INTER-RENT
88830
AVIS
56510
HERTZ
29619
THRIFTY
46810
HOTELS
KYDON
26190 / 1
KRITI
21881 / 5
PORTO VENEZIANO
29311 / 3
XENIA
24561
PANORAMA
54200
SAMARIA
51551
MONTE VARDIA
40872
SANTA MARINA
68460
PYRGOS
64431
RESTAURANTS
OLEANDER
44888
SOUDA BAY FISH HOUSE
89219
TARTUFO
27385
CHRISTINA
29978
SIFIS
63202
LUKULOS
57638
CLUBS (NAMFI)
ASTERIA OFFICERS
64223
NCO
29794
DO NOT DISCUSS CLASSIFIED INFORMATION ON NON-SECURE TELEPHONES. OFFICIAL
DOD TELEPHONES ARE SUBJECT TO MONITORING FOR COMMUNICATIONS SECURITY
PURPOSES AT ALL TIMES. DOD TELEPHONES ARE PROVIDED FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF
OFFICIAL GOVERNMENT INFORMATION ONLY.
USE OF OFFICIAL DOD TELEPHONES CONSTITUTES CONSENT TQ COMMUNICATIONS
SECURITY TELEPHONE MONITORING IN ACCORDANCE WITH DOP DIRECTIVE 4040.0