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Los Angeles Transportation Event 9/19/91 [OA 8328] [1]
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Los Angeles Transportation Event 9/19/91 [OA 8328] [1]
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Records of the White House Office of Speechwriting (George H. W. Bush Administration)
Speech Backup Chronological Files
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Los Angeles Transportation Event 9/19/91 [OA 8328] [1]
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26
21
6
2
September 16, 1991
MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT
THROUGH:
DAVID DEMEREST
TONY SNOW
FROM:
CURT SMITH
SUBJECT:
TRANSPORTATION EVENT
On Thursday, Sept. 19., at 12:15 a.m., at the intermodal
transportation project site in Los Angeles, California, you will
deliver remarks (7 minutes, on cards) to an audience of 200
people. Acknowledgements include Gov. Pete Wilson, Sen. John
Seymour and Mayor Bill Bradley. See Skinner.
The remarks highlight the successful planning, technological, and
funding initiatives of Los Angeles and California regarding the
Interstate 105 and Green Line Metro System projects. Your
remarks also advance elements of your transportation bill and
Congress's failure to answer your 100-day challenge.
THE WHITE HOUSE
Crice of the Press secretar.
(Los Angeles California)
For Immediate Release
September 19, 1991
REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT
TO CONSTRUCTION SITE EMPLOYEES
Being
Green Line/I-105
Los Angeles, California
Restard
1:21 P.M. PDT
THE PRESIDENT: Thank you very much. Governor Wilson,
thank you for that introduction. And may I pay by respects to
Secretary Skinner and Senator Seymour with us here; Mayor Bradley;
also two other members of the United states Congress over here --
Glenn Anderson, Dana Rohrabacher well-known to éverybody around
these parts. I salúte them. Andito the California State Secretary
for Transportation and Housing Carl Covitz, who was explaining much
of this to me today. My sincere thanks to Jerry Baxter, to Neil
Peterson and to all of you guys that helped me eat my lunch out
there, whoever you are, and who are doing the work on this project.
It's a pleasure to be here.
We've got some great humorists at the White House. One
of my aides, when Itold him we had been invited to visit the
transportation project, he said, "Well, would you like to have a
moving experience?"i And I am moved to be here. And I'm very
grateful for this reception, the conversation I had with the people
doing the work, andfespecially grateful that all of you are here.
I suspect the traffic Jam that Los Angeles is most
concerned about breaking up these days is the one that is at. the top
of the National League West And I wish I were going to get to go
see the ball game tonight, butlunfortunately, I am not.
And I a here today, though, to congratulate Los Angeles
and California for their leadership -- its national leadership.
You're setting an example for the whole country in advancing a
project which symbolizes the kind of transportation planning, high-
tech and team work that America needs to compete in the world
marketplace.
This project will improve the movement of people and
goods not just within this great city, but between modes of
transportation -- rail, car, bus; and air transportation. With
links to both LOS Angeles International Airport and Southern
California's port facilities, Interstate 105 and the Green Line will
help speed goods to markets throughout the global economy.
Interstate 105 dramatizes the federal, state, and local
partnership at its Dest -- showing that together, we Americans can do
anything.
The federal role is focused on construction of the
Interstate -- including HOV lines. State and local governments have
joined to help commuters move more efficiently -- and to unclog Los
Angeles area roads and highways. And I salute California and the Los
Angeles area for their commitment of over $1 billion, including local
funding for the total price tag for the new Green Line.
This project embodies America's need for greater
infrastructure investment at every level. It shows why, when we
MORE
- 2 -
unveiled our transportation plan more than seven months ago, we
proposed at the federal level investing 39 percent more in highway
funding -- primaril by focusing federal investment on roads of
national importance -- the 150,000-mile National Highway System.
The state of some of our highways was reflected in an
updated version of an old song that some cynic sang to me the other
day: "You take the Prigheroad and 11 take the low road, and I'll
hit a pothole before you.
Well, relve got to change that. And our transportation
plan will, indeed, help improve America's roads. Look
at
this
one,
look at Interstate 05 -- a crucial link in our new highway system.
Especially with the Green Line using its median strip, it will prove
how investment in high tech can ease local congestion and other
problems as well.
The Green Line will be a state-of-the-art, fully
automated system T-Bone of only four such systems in the world.
I-105 makes special accommodations. for high-occupancy vehicles, which
encourages carpooling by commuters All over America -- including
California we are seeing "smart car, smart highways" programs
which help drivers Love more safely and more freely
And there are other innovations in our transportation
plan, including more flexibility for state and local transportation
officials on how federal dollars are spent more capital investment
for transit and incentives for greater use of private funds to
support our road system,
But werstill face one big hurdle that needs to be
cleared, and I'm talking about congressional inaction today Last
March I challenged the Congress to pass our bill in 100 days. And
it' now 197 days and counting. Let me tell you what we want and
what we don't want. We want a bill that works. We don't want a bill
that paves America with special projects with pork. We want a
transportation system that spends our money effectively, one that
truly addresses, national needs. And we don't want one that simply
furthers political tareers by spending money on hundreds of special
interest projects. We want a good transportation bill, and I am
going to do all I can to keep the heat on to get such a bill.
Many pecial interest projects often are not even on
the local and state priority list. But I-105 and the Green Line are
certainly projects that argue the other way. They are projects where
there's a need; projects that people want. And they are examples of
how transportation infrastucture can make us much more competitive in
the global economy. They also demonstrate how state and local
governments can take a lead role in financing and managing of
important transportation projects and, in the process get fantastic
brighter tomorrow.
results And they show California is leading the way toward a
beautiful in California. Well I'd like to add, SO is September.
The novelist John Steinbeck once wrote, "The spring is
And thank you for a great day... Thank you for this fantastic
bless you and our wonderful country. (Applause.)
contribution to the infrastucture of our great country. And may God
END
1:21 P.M. PDT
was some 200 young people, 15 to 20, boys
referred to Brent Scowcroft, Assistant to the
going to do that. I will respect that request
I am pleased to inform you that 1989 was
and girls, their bodies mutilated and all of
President for National Security Affairs; Sec-
in the interest of thoroughly exploring the
a year of significant gains in traffic safety.
them killed. So, we mourn for the inno-
retary of State James A. Baker III; Secretary
initiative.
The traffic fatality rate, the accepted meas-
cents. And I've been mourning for the inno-
of Defense Dick Cheney; Colin L. Powell,
But, very candidly-and I've been frank
ure of risk on the road, was 2.2 deaths per
cents in Kuwait since that invasion in
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff; Amir
with him on this while expressing apprecia-
100 million vehicle miles traveled, the
August. And I hope we can get an end to
Jabir al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah of
tion for his sending it to us-it falls well
lowest in history and down 33 percent since
that suffering very, very soon. I think we
Kuwait; Foreign Minister Roland Dumas
short of what would be required.
1980. Safety belt use is also higher than
will.
and President François Mitterrand of
And I would leave it right there for now.
ever, with 46 percent of Americans buck-
Q. Let me ask you about-the French
France; and Prime Minister John Major of
Q. Does that mean we're going to have a
ling up, and drunk driving fatalities have
Foreign Minister says that a date has been
the United Kingdom. A tape was not avail-
able for verification of the content of this
ground war?
declined significantly.
set for the start of the ground war and that
The President. That means I'm going to
There is good news for Americans in vir-
we're on the eve of the pre-eve. Do you
exchange.
leave it right there for now.
tually every critical part of the highway
disagree with what he says?
safety picture. The decline in the fatality
The President. I don't comment on any-
rate is especially encouraging and means
thing to do with military. I've referred to
that we are able to drive with less risk, and
those comments-although the decision on
the dramatic increase in safety belt use and
ground forces will be made by me for U.N.
Statement by Press Secretary Fitzwater
on Soviet President Gorbachev's
Message to the Congress Transmitting
public concern about drunk driving have
forces. But I would simply not comment on
Reports on Highway and Motor
translated into thousands of lives saved and
that. It reminds me of "Saturday Night
Meeting With Foreign Minister Tariq
Vehicle Safety
injuries avoided.
Live." Remember the questions they ask on
'Aziz of Iraq
February 18, 1991
February 19, 1991
The progress we have made is, of course,
"Saturday Night"-"hey, tell us how we can
no consolation to the relatives and friends
help the Iraqi soldiers the most" or "what is
To the Congress of the United States:
of the 45,500 people who, despite the safety
the password" or "please give me some in-
President Bush appreciates having re-
ceived a summary account from President
It is my privilege to provide you with the
advances and greater public awareness, lost
formation that will do in our troops." I
mean, I'm not in that business-come on.
Mikhail Gorbachev of his meeting with
annual reports on activities under the High-
their lives in traffic accidents in 1989.
Iraqi Foreign Minister Tariq 'Aziz. The So-
way Safety Act (23 U.S.C. 401 Note) and the
As we continue to pursue highway and
That was a wonderful piece.
viets have asked that we treat the substance
National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety
motor vehicle safety programs that are most
Q. Do you consider it unhelpful-is it un-
helpful to have other coalition members
of this account as confidential; thus, we will
Act (15 U.S.C. 1408), both enacted in 1966.
effective in reducing deaths and injuries,
not comment further on it. Our military
These reports provide an overview of our
we are convinced that significant progress
doing that?
campaign remains on schedule.
activities during calendar year 1989 and an
in traffic safety can be achieved through
The President. No. The coalition is strong.
overview of the National Highway Traffic
the combined efforts of government, indus-
I talked to President Mitterrand-I think it
Safety Administration's priority plan for the
try, and the public.
was yesterday morning, and the French
next 3 years. The plan will be an evolving
have played a major leadership role in the
George Bush
guideline for the agency's safety activities to
coalition and they're just as solid as granite.
Exchange With Reporters on the Soviet
improve motor vehicle and traffic safety
The White House,
And they're strong. And President Mitter-
Peace Proposal for the Persian Gulf
over the next several years.
rand has my full respect. And the French
February 19, 1991.
Conflict
The plan includes motor vehicle rulemak-
have their money where their mouth is,
too. They're over there where their kids are
February 19, 1991
ing on the crashworthiness of passenger
cars, light trucks, and vans; vehicle rollover
flying. They've got troops there. And
Q. Mr. President, is the Soviet proposal
stability; and safety improvements in heavy
they're tough and they're strong, and they
acceptable to you?
trucks, school buses, and child safety seats.
Message to the Senate on the
are solid in seeing that Saddam Hussein
The President. Let me just make one
It also calls for initiatives to promote
International Labor Organization
now do that which he should have done
comment and then-I won't take any ques-
State laws and programs to increase safety
Convention Concerning the Abolition
long ago-get out of Kuwait.
tions about it. But I do appreciate President
belt use, motorcycle helmet use, and to dis-
of Forced Labor
President Saddam Hussein of Iraq
Gorbachev's providing me a copy of his
courage drunk and drugged driving.
February 19, 1991
Q. Is it a goal to topple Saddam?
proposal-of the Iraqi proposal, or his pro-
The report on motor vehicle safety in-
The President. The goals have been
posal to Iraq actually-concerning the
cludes the annual reporting requirement in
To the Senate of the United States:
spelled out by me and by the coalition part-
Gulf-the conflict there. And we provided
Title I of the Motor Vehicle Information
The Convention (No. 105) Concerning
ners, and the goals remain the same. But I
last night comments to the Soviet Union.
and Cost Savings Act of 1972 (bumper
the Abolition of Forced Labor, adopted by
would answer like the Prime Minister: I
Let me just reiterate. As far as I'm con-
standards).
the International Labor Conference at
wouldn't weep if they put him aside.
cerned, there are no negotiations. The goals
In the Highway Safety Acts of 1973, 1976,
Geneva on June 25, 1957, was transmitted
have been set out. There will be no conces-
and 1978, the Congress expressed its special
to the Senate by President Kennedy on July
Note: The exchange began at approximately
sions-not going to give. And so on his pro-
interest in certain aspects of traffic safety
22, 1963, with a view to receiving advice
11 a.m. on the beach in front of the Presi-
posal, President Gorbachev asked that I
that are addressed in the volume on high-
and consent to ratification. Although hear-
dent's home. In his remarks, President Bush
keep the details of it confidential. And I'm
way safety.
ings were held in 1967 by the Committee
185
184
man, of our generals out there-General
ployment rate had fallen to levels not seen
industries experienced relatively strong job
the fiscal
dampen the impact of
Schwarzkopf and others. Then if they come
since the early 1970s, and inflation re-
growth.
the current recession, while providing for
to me and say there needs to be another
mained relatively low and remarkably
My Administration's economic policies
strong controls to reduce Federal spending
phase, then I will then make that decision-
stable when compared with the 1970s.
are designed both to mitigate the current
as a percentage of our gross national prod-
because that is a decision for the President
More than 20 million new jobs were cre-
downturn and to provide for a solid recov-
uct. A major reason that the budget deficit
of the United States.
ated by our dynamic and diverse market
ery and the highest possible rate of sustain-
is expected to increase this year-before de-
Having said that, I have total confidence
economy-the largest and the most produc-
able economic growth. Because these poli-
clining steadily thereafter-is the increase
that we are on the right path, and with no
tive in the world. Reflecting both the evolv-
cies are credible and systematic, they
in payments to those adversely affected by
further ado, I want to thank them for this
ing needs and wants of the American
reduce uncertainty and pave the way to
the current downturn and the reduction in
arduous trip-but it was well worth it.
people and the rapid advance of technolo-
higher growth with sustained job-creating
tax receipts as incomes grow more slowly.
Thank you.
gy, some industries and regions experienced
expansions. With these policies in place, the
These automatic responses to the recession
Q. Mr. President are you still skeptical air
much more robust job growth than others.
current recession is expected to be mild
will help cushion its effects.
power will do the job?
And, as is normal during economic expan-
and brief by historical standards.
I am committed to maintaining a tax
The President. They may be taking ques-
sions, the rate of growth of the Nation's
Economic growth is projected to recover
system that will sustain strong economic
tions over there and I'll refer the-as I said
output varied from year to year.
by the middle of this year. Inflation and
growth. My proposal to reduce the tax rate
early on when I started in all of this, the
The events of 1990 were a reminder that
interest rates are expected to decline. With
on capital gains would give a needed boost
briefings on military and air and all of this
the adoption of my pro-growth initiatives,
even a healthy economy can suffer shocks
to the economy and set it on a strong
are best conducted by the experts. And
the recovery and ensuing expansion are
and short-term setbacks. In early August,
they are over there across the river in the
projected to be strong and sustained, and to
course of economic growth and job creation
Pentagon. When it comes to the President's
Iraq invaded and occupied its small, de-
be accompanied by continued progress
for years to come. A lower capital gains tax
decision, I'll be glad to discuss it at the
fenseless neighbor Kuwait and threatened
toward lower inflation.
rate would encourage entrepreneurial activ-
appropriate time. But this is not the appro-
Saudi Arabia. Oil prices rose substantially
As the Nation proceeds into the 1990s, it
ity, which plays a critical role in creating
on the world market, and business and con-
priate time, for the reasons that I gave you.
is important to remember the simple secret
new jobs, new products, and new methods
We are on track; it is going smoothly. I've
sumer confidence plummeted. These shocks
of America's economic success in the 1980s:
of production. It would reduce the bias in
got total confidence that we are prevailing.
hit an economy that was already growing
a government policy that allowed the pri-
favor of debt financing and thereby de-
It is working well. And that's what the
slowly for several reasons, including world-
vate sector to serve as the engine of eco-
crease the financial risks borne by U.S. cor-
American people need to know now, and I
wide increases in interest rates, tightened
nomic growth. We must also remember
porations and their workers and sharehold-
don't have anything to contribute beyond
credit conditions, and the lingering effects
that economic growth is the fundamental
ers.
that.
of a successful attempt begun in 1988 by
determinant of the long-runt success of any
The Federal Reserve's control of inflation
the Federal Reserve to prevent an accelera-
nation, the basic source of rising living
throughout the recent long expansion has
Note: The President spoke at 3:45 p.m. in
tion of inflation. U.S. output turned down in
standards, and the key to meeting the
given it the credibility necessary to mitigate
the Rose Garden at the White House. Prior
the fourth quarter of 1990, and it became
needs and desires of the American people.
the current downturn significantly without
to his remarks, the President was briefed by
clear that the economy had entered a reces-
The process of growth necessarily in-
triggering an increase in inflationary expec-
Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney and Gen.
sion. I know that in some regions of our
volves change. Advances in technology,
tations. Federal Reserve action in recent
Colin L. Powell, Chairman of the Joint
country, people are in genuine economic
shifts in world market conditions, and
months will also help to alleviate tight
Chiefs of Staff, on their recent meetings in
distress.
changes in tastes and demographics have
credit market conditions that have ham-
Saudi Arabia with Gen. H. Norman
This temporary interruption in America's
created major new industries and dramati-
pered the economy. It is important that the
Schwarzkopf, commander of the U.S. forces
economic growth does not signal a decline
cally altered the fortunes of existing indus-
Federal Reserve sustain money and credit
in the Persian Gulf, and other allied offi-
in the basic long-term vitality of the U.S.
tries. The lesson of history is clear. Attempts
growth necessary for the maintenance of
cers.
economy. Indeed, there were important
to protect special interests by blocking the
sustained economic growth, especially
economic achievements in 1990. Even
economy's natural, market-driven evolu-
during an economic downturn. And, while
though many analysts had earlier forecast
tion-through regulation, subsidy, or pro-
unwarranted risks should be avoided, I be-
increased inflation, the underlying rate of
tection from competition-reduce the
lieve that sound banks should be making
Message to Congressional Leaders
inflation was contained and showed clear
economy's flexibility and impair its ability
more sound loans.
signs of declining by the end of the year.
to grow and to create jobs. Growth and
Transmitting the 1991 Economic
Comprehensive banking reform will help
Low inflation is essential to lower interest
prosperity are enhanced by strengthening
Report
and extending the scope of market forces,
to alleviate tight credit conditions by reduc-
rates and strong economic growth. The U.S.
not by substituting government dictates for
ing unnecessary restrictions on the banking
February 12, 1991
trade deficit declined for the third year in a
the free choices of workers, consumers, and
sector. Healthier depository institutions are
To the Speaker of the House of
row, and U.S. firms remained competitive
businesses.
essential for a sound financial system. Lift-
Representatives and the President
in world markets. Exports of American
ing restrictions on interstate banking activi-
products reached an all-time high in 1990
Toward Renewed Growth
of the Senate:
ties and on the ability of banks to combine
Just over 8 years ago the longest peace-
and exceeded those of any other nation.
The budget law enacted last fall gives
with commercial and other financial firms
time economic expansion in U.S. history
Productivity in U.S. manufacturing contin-
fiscal policy a strong and credible medium-
will increase banks' competitiveness. These
began. By the start of the 1990s the unem-
ued to grow impressively. Some regions and
term framework. It increases the ability of
changes will enhance banks' ability to at-
163
162
schools that improve their students'
to innovation and a source of economic dy-
tract capital and reduce the risk of a con-
My Administration remains firmly com-
achievements, and innovative approaches to
namism.
traction in lending.
mitted to taking additional steps to lower
mathematics and science education.
Government regulation generally serves
Some have argued that the government
the cost of capital and to encourage entre-
The Immigration Act of 1990, the first
to reduce economic flexibility and thus
should react to the recent oil price shock by
preneurship, saving, investment, and inno-
major reform of legal immigration in a
should have a very limited role. Where reg-
reregulating energy markets. They would
vation. I have again asked the Congress to
quarter-century, will substantially increase
ulation is necessary, regulatory programs
do well to remember the lessons of the
reduce the tax rate on long-term capital
the overall level of immigration, particular-
should pass strict cost-benefit tests and
1970s, when regulation worsened the im-
gains and to make the research and experi-
ly of skilled workers. These new workers
should seek to harness the power of market
pacts of two oil shocks and forced Ameri-
mentation tax credit permanent. To encour-
will contribute to U.S. economic growth, as
forces to serve the public interest, not to
cans to waste many hours in long and un-
age private saving, my budget again in-
well as to the Nation's social and cultural
distort or diminish those forces.
necessary lines at gas stations. Long-term
cludes Family Savings Accounts and penal-
vitality.
The lesson of the savings and loan crisis,
uncertainties about energy prices make it
ty-free withdrawals from Individual Retire-
The Americans with Disabilities Act is the
to which my Administration responded
vital that U.S. energy policy be based, in
ment Accounts for first-time homebuyers.
most significant extension of civil rights leg-
swiftly, is not that competition and innova-
both the short run and the long run, on the
My Administration will seek increased Fed-
islation in two decades. It will enable more
tion are incompatible with safety and
flexibility and efficiency that only well-func-
eral support for research that has broad na-
of our citizens with disabilities to enter the
soundness in the financial sector. Rather,
tioning markets can provide.
tional benefits, and we will make the results
economic mainstream and thus to better
this experience shows that poorly designed
My Administration's National Energy
of government-supported research more ac-
their own lives while contributing to the
regulation, inadequate supervision, and
Strategy calls for removing unnecessary bar-
cessible to the private sector so that they
Nation's economic strength.
limits on risk-reducing diversification can
riers to market forces so that ample supplies
can be brought more quickly to market.
Last year important legislation passed
combine to produce behavior that under-
of reasonably priced energy can continue to
Strong economic growth will continue to
that will give power and opportunity to in-
mines creditors' confidence and imposes
foster economic growth. The Strategy also
require a sound national transportation in-
dividuals. The expansion of the Earned
unnecessary burdens on taxpayers.
outlines initiatives to enhance the energy
frastructure. My Administration's proposals
Income Tax Credit, the new health insur-
We can and must ensure the safety and
security of the United States and its friends
for restructuring highway programs, cen-
ance credit, and the other child care provi-
soundness of our banking system and con-
and allies, to encourage cost-effective con-
tered around a new National Highway
sions in the 1990s budget legislation will
tinue to provide full protection for insured
servation and efficiency measures, to in-
System program, would make a substantial
put dollars for child care directly in the
deposits while allowing competition to im-
crease the use of alternative fuels, and to
contribution to meeting those demands.
hands of parents, instead of bureaucracies.
prove efficiency and encourage innovation.
continue to mitigate the environmental
Economic growth requires skilled and
The Homeownership and Opportunity for
My Administration's proposals for compre-
consequences of energy use.
adaptable workers as well as modern capital
People Everywhere (HOPE) initiative in
hensive reform of the regulatory system
and new technology. Excellence in educa-
the National Affordable Housing Act will
Supporting Long-Run Growth
governing banks will achieve these goals. In
tion is the key to increasing the quality of
expand homeownership and give more fam-
addition, these reforms will enhance the
The Federal Government cannot man-
the U.S. labor force. My Administration is
ilies a stake in their communities. My Ad-
ability of U.S. banks to compete in the
date or effectively direct economic growth,
strongly committed to making the U.S. edu-
ministration strongly supported the expan-
but it can and should create conditions that
encourage market-driven growth. That re-
cational system second to none, so that U.S.
sion of medicaid to provide health insur-
global markets for financial services.
workers can continue to compete effective-
ance to more pregnant women and chil-
Last year's farm legislation embodied im-
quires reducing barriers to saving, invest-
dren in low-income families.
portant steps toward a market-oriented ag-
ing, working, and innovating. Encouraging
ly with their peers in other nations. To
But there is more to be done. My Admin-
ricultural policy and away from government
growth also requires sustaining and expand-
meet this goal, the performance of U.S. ele-
domination of this vital and progressive
mentary and secondary education must be
istration will continue to press for the estab-
ing the role of market forces and, thereby,
sector. Farmers have been given additional
dramatically improved. More money will
lishment of enterprise zones to encourage
enhancing the economy's flexibility. At-
entrepreneurship, investment, and job cre-
flexibility in planting decisions, in a way
tempts to second-guess the market and to
not ensure excellence; America is already a
world leader in spending on education.
ation in distressed communities. We will
that will both sustain farmers' incomes and
direct government support to particular
Fundamental reform is necessary.
propose initiatives focused on infant mortal-
save taxpayers' money.
firms, industries, or technologies in the
Market-based initiatives can and should
name of promoting growth are inevitably
Government policies should be designed
ity, preventive measures, and nutrition to
to put power in the hands of individuals
improve the health of those least able to
play a key role in environmental policy as
counterproductive.
provide for their own needs.
well. In 1989 my Administration proposed
The multiyear Federal deficit reduction
and families-to give them the tools and
comprehensive legislation to combat air pol-
package adopted last year, the largest and
incentives to improve their own lives. Thus
Flexibility and Regulation
lution. This proposal broke a logjam that
most comprehensive such package in U.S.
students and their families must be given
The remarkable flexibility of the U.S.
had blocked congressional action for more
history, will reduce the Federal budget def-
greater freedom to choose among compet-
economy, which stems from its reliance on
than a decade, and a landmark clean air bill
icit by nearly a half-trillion dollars over the
ing schools, and talented and skilled individ-
free markets, is a major national asset.
was enacted last year-the most significant
next 5 years relative to baseline projections.
uals must be freed from unnecessary obsta-
Flexibility enables the economy to cushion
air pollution legislation in the Nation's histo-
This substantial reduction in government
cles to entering the teaching profession. My
the effects of adverse developments, such as
ry. The centerpiece of this bill is an innova-
borrowing will raise the national saving rate
Administration will seek enactment of a
oil price shocks, and to take full advantage
tive, market-based program for control-
and increase the pool of funds available to
new Educational Excellence Act that would
of innovations and other new opportunities.
ling-at the least possible cost to the econo-
finance job-creating private investment in
support choice in education, alternative cer-
Indeed, the responsiveness of the economy
my-the emissions that produce acid rain.
new productive capacity and new technolo-
tification for teachers and principals, re-
to new opportunities is an important spur
All provisions of this legislation will be im-
gy.
wards for outstanding teachers and for
165
164
growth remains the key to raising living
Em
not.
I
defer
to
plemented so as to minimize unnecessary
ices, investment, and intellectual proper-
standards for all Americans, to expanding
guests because 1 don't take questions in
burdens on American workers and firms.
ty-critical to U.S. economic vitality. These
job opportunities, and to maintaining Amer-
here. And that's Helen Thomas [United
Economic growth and environmental pro-
improvements would significantly increase
ica's global economic leadership.
Press International], I think. [Laughter] I
tection are compatible, but only if environ-
the ability of the global economy to raise
mental goals reflect careful cost-benefit
living standards in the United States and
George Bush
don't look over, so I can't see, but I-------
Q. We've got a better one for you.
analysis and if environmental regulation
around the world. Failure, on the other
The White House,
The President. She knows very well that I
provides maximum flexibility to meet those
hand, would increase trade frictions and
February 12, 1991.
goals at least cost. My Administration will
could lead to a destructive new round of
don't take questions here. But foreign
guests are encouraged to, if you'd like to.
continue to be guided by the responsibil-
protectionism.
Note: The President's message was printed
ities of global stewardship; we will seek
In addition, my Administration has
The Defense Minister. Well, I just said to
in the report entitled "Economic Report of
the President here-and the Vice President,
both to protect the environment and to
moved to pave the way toward a hemi-
the President.' The message was not issued
maintain economic growth to give all the
spheric zone of free trade. We have an-
as a White House press release. Thomas S.
who I had the pleasure of meeting last
world's children the chance to lead better
nounced our intention to begin negotiations
Foley is Speaker of the House of Represent-
week in London, and with Dick Cheney,
lives than their parents.
on a free-trade agreement with Mexico. My
atives, and Dan Quayle is President of the
General Brent Scowcroft-the very close
Enterprise for the Americas Initiative
Senate.
measure of the very close cooperation we
Leadership in the Global Economy
promises to fuel growth and prosperity
have. I'm very grateful for it. We've been
Throughout the postwar period, the
throughout this hemisphere by removing
very appreciative of the close contact also
United States has led the world toward a
barriers to trade and investment. This initi-
we have. And I was going to say to the
system of free trade and open markets. The
ative also aims to provide official debt re-
President that we have great admiration for
benefits of global economic integration and
duction to countries engaged in significant
Statement by Press Secretary Fitzwater
General Schwarzkopf. We're working very
expanded international trade have been
economic reforms and thereby to build on
on United States Commercial Space
closely with him. We have our 1st Armored
enormous, at home and abroad. U.S. firms
my Administration's ongoing support for
Policy Guidelines
Division, which is with now the U.S. 7th
gain from access to global markets; U.S.
commercial debt reduction.
February 12, 1991
Corps. And General Franks is commanding
workers benefit from foreign investment in
America remains a beacon of hope to
that. And we have General Smith working
America; and U.S. consumers can buy goods
The President has approved U.S. com-
peoples around the world. Our Nation con-
under him. And it's a measure of the co-
and services from around the world. Com-
mercial space policy guidelines aimed at ex-
tinues to demonstrate by shining example
operation that we have. I think both at sea,
petition and innovation have been stimulat-
panding private sector investment in space
that political democracy and free markets
in the air, and on land that it's been an
ed, and businesses have increased their effi-
by the market-driven commercial space
reinforce each other and together lead to
ciency by locating operations around the
sector. These guidelines are the result of a
excellent illustration of very close coopera-
globe. The phenomenal prosperity and vi-
liberty and prosperity. Nations in this hemi-
9-month interagency review of the com-
tion. And I welcome the chance to meet
tality of market-oriented economies-and
sphere and the emerging democracies of
mercial space sector conducted by the Vice
the President. And one feels one knows
the bankruptcy of the socialist model-
Eastern Europe are eagerly moving to
President and the National Space Council.
these issues so well, communicating through
point the way to future progress and
follow America's example. The challenges
The U.S. commercial space policy guide-
various channels.
these nations face as they fundamentally re-
lines recognize that a robust commercial
Q. Mr. King, do you think it's too soon to
growth.
My Administration will continue to push
structure their economies are enormous.
space sector has the potential to generate
go to a ground war? Do you agree with the
aggressively for open markets in all nations,
My Administration will continue its strong
new technologies, markets, jobs, and other
President on that?
including our own, and will continue to
support and assistance for their vital and
important economic benefits to the Nation.
The Defense Minister. It's a need to see
oppose protectionism. Protectionist trade
historic efforts.
The guidelines contain new provisions and
some significant reduction in Iraq's military
barriers impose burdens on the many to
definitions of key concepts to provide for
capability. You can't put precise figures on
Looking Ahead
serve the interests of the few and can only
more effective implementation of the na-
it, but there certainly needs to be a reduc-
reduce the Nation's competitiveness. Gov-
In my Economic Report last year I stated
tional space policy by U.S. Agencies.
tion in their capability. I know the Presi-
ernment attempts to overrule the decisions
that I looked forward to the 1990s with
dent has always made very clear something
of the international marketplace and to
hope and optimism. Despite the economic
that we support very strongly, that we want
manage trade or investment flows inevita-
events of 1990, we have reason for both
to see a tilt in the balance of military ad-
bly reduce economic flexibility and lower
hope and optimism in full measure as the
Exchange With Reporters on the
vantage so that when our forces embark-
living standards.
Nation approaches the next American cen-
Persian Gulf Conflict Prior to
the allied coalition forces embark on that
My Administration's top trade policy pri-
tury.
Discussions With Defense Minister
land campaign that the balance of advan-
ority continues to be the successful comple-
Following sound economic policy princi-
Thomas King of the United Kingdom
tage is with them. That will help us to mini-
tion of the Uruguay Round negotiations of
ples, my Administration seeks to achieve
mize the casualties on our own side and
the General Agreement on Tariffs and
the maximum possible rate of sustainable
February 12, 1991
actually hopefully minimize the casualties
Trade (GATT). Success in the Uruguay
economic growth. We must continue to
Q. Going to talk about the ground war-
for the people of Kuwait who are going to
Round would open agricultural markets,
adhere to those principles if we are to
soften the impacts of the current recession
possible?
be part of the battleground.
lower or eliminate tariffs on many products,
The Defense Minister. Are you going on,
Q. Is there concern, though, on the other
strengthen the GATT system, and extend it
and to strengthen the foundation for strong
Mr. President, or-
hand, that if the air war is protracted that
to cover important new areas-such as serv-
growth in the years to come. Economic
167
166
T
TAFT, Horace Dutton (1890-1936), US edu-
express train would stop only if a number of
cator, brother of William Howard Taft. He
people wanted to board it. Taft wired the con-
founded the Taft School, Watertown, Connecti-
ductor: "Stop at Hicksville. Large party waiting
cut, in 1890 and remained headmaster there
to catch train." When the train stopped, Taft
until his death.
boarded and reassured the confused conduc-
tor: "You can go ahead. I am the large party."
1 When the son of a pompous businessman
was expelled from Taft's school, his enraged
2 Taft was asked to comment on his spectac-
father was determined to have him readmitted.
ular defeat in the 1912 presidential election,
He stormed into Taft's office without knock-
when he ran for reelection against Woodrow
ing and roared, "Mr. Taft, you think you can
Wilson and Theodore Roosevelt. "Well, I have
run this school any damned way you please,
one consolation," remarked Taft. "No candi-
don't you?" Taft looked at him calmly. "Your
date was ever elected ex-president by such a
manner is crude and your language vulgar," he
large majority."
replied, "but you have somehow got the
point."
3 At Beverly Bay, Massachusetts, clad in a
vast bathing suit, Taft plunged into the waves
and was disporting himself in the water when
TAFT, Lorado (1860-1936), US sculptor. His
one of his neighbors suggested to a friend that
works include a number of portrait busts, the
they also should go for a swim. "Better wait,"
Columbus Memorial Fountain in Washington,
the friend replied. "The president is using the
D.C., and the Fountain of Time in Chicago.
ocean."
1 Taft was working on a classical sculpture
which required the effect of windblown robes.
TALLEYRAND-PÉRIGORD,
Charles
Leaving the Art Institute of Chicago one windy
Maurice de (1754-1838), French statesman,
day, the sculptor found himself walking on the
twice foreign minister at critical periods in
See
opposite side of the street from two nuns,
French history (1797-1807, 1814-15). He in-
nxt
whose swirling robes offered a perfect model
trigued with the allies against Napoleon after
of the effect he hoped to create. Taft then real-
1808, and his diplomacy was crucial to obtain-
ized that a man was closely following the nuns.
ing a reasonable settlement for France at the
pg.
Somewhat concerned, he crossed the street
Congress of Vienna (1815) after Napoleon's fall.
and accosted the man-only to find himself
face to face with a fellow sculptor.
1 Talleyrand had a faithful but inquisitive
servant. One day, after entrusting a letter to
him for delivery, he glanced out of the window
TAFT, William Howard (1857-1930), 27th
and observed the man reading the letter. The
president of the United States (1909-13) and
following day Talleyrand sent another letter,
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court (1921-30).
this time with a postscript: "You may send a
His obesity occasioned many anecdotes.
verbal answer by the bearer; he is perfectly ac-
quainted with the whole business, having taken
1 On one occasion Taft, stranded at a small
the precaution of reading this prior to its
country railroad station, was informed that the
delivery."
15
TAYLOR, LAURETTE
conse
my
lord?" he
1 The head of the WPA dance project was
believe
asked. "And then, sir," continued Talleyrand,
Lincoln Kirstein. For his first production he
"you replace the glass on the table and talk
convened all the dancers and choreographers
about it."
and described his plan to present a cavalcade of
the great dancers of history. "For example," he
ary were
ontemp.
14
The role played by Talleyrand behind the
said, "Gluck-Sandor, you could dance the
aklings
scenes in the July Revolution of 1830, which
part of Nijinsky. Felicia Sorel, you might be
in expla-
brought Louis Philippe to the throne, remains
Taglioni. And Tamiris, you could play Isadora
ippelon
as obscure now as it was to his contemporaries.
Duncan."
[We cali
A widely told story relates how the elderly
"Yes," said Tamiris, "but then who will play
I," he re-
statesman, sitting in his house in Paris during
me?"
me nous
the three days of riots, heard the pealing of the
i ne sont
bells and remarked, "Ah, the tocsin! We're
all those
winning."
TAYLOR, Elizabeth (1932- ), US film ac-
"Who's we, mon prince?"
tress. As a child, she starred in National Velvet
Talleyrand gestured for silence: "Not a
(1944). Of her adult roles, the most acclaimed
opposi-
word. I'll tell you who we are tomorrow."
was in Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1966)
and Por-
with Richard Burton, to whom she was twice
cene of
15 The veteran statesman was unimpressed
married.
abused
by Louis Philippe's handling of the many crises
front of
that beset his reign. "How do you think this
1 Miss Taylor's fabulous diamond ring drew
houting,
government will end?" someone once asked.
the notice of Princess Margaret, who re-
n bas de
"Accidentally," said Talleyrand.
marked, "That's a bit vulgar." Miss Taylor per-
illeyrand
suaded the princess to try on the ring. "There,
marking
it's not so vulgar now, is it?" she said.
at a pity
d!"
TAMAGNO, Francesco (1851-1905), Italian
tenor, renowned for his performance in the title
TAYLOR, John (1703-72), British oculist.
nder I of
role of Verdi's Otello.
Nicknamed "the Chevalier," Taylor was a fa-
like King
miliar figure at most of the courts of Europe,
betrayed
1 The leading tenor of an American opera
where he seems to have achieved a great reputa-
: alliance
company, rehearsing Tamagno's famous role in
tion for his successful cures, despite the charla-
ul of the
Otello, was puzzled by a request from the stage
tanry of his writings.
e toward
director. During a brief rest in the tenor part he
ed, "But
was to walk upstage, pause, then return down-
1 At dinner in Edinburgh, Taylor was holding
es."
stage and continue singing. The action seemed
forth with much impudence, boasting among
pointless and difficult to execute in the time
other things that he could read anybody's
d to Tal-
allowed. "But it is the tradition of the role,"
thoughts by looking at their eyes. His hostess,
rting the
insisted the director. "Tamagno did it." The
the Countess of Dumfries, angered by his be-
) impress
tenor submitted with reluctance. In Italy the
havior, contemptuously inquired whether he
lied Tal-
following year, he visited Tamagno and asked
knew what she was thinking. Taylor confi-
ified and
him to explain this strange "tradition." The old
dently asserted that he did. "Then," said the
man's face lit up. "It is very simple," he said.
countess, "it's very safe, for I am sure you will
) Vol-
"Note that in the final passage Otello must sing
not repeat it."
a high B-flat. So while the chorus was singing I
went upstage to spit."
isitor for
TAYLOR, Laurette (1884-1946), US actress,
in a sin-
best known for her performance in Tennessee
do," ex-
TAMIRIS, Helen [Helen Becker] (1905-66),
Williams's The Glass Menagerie.
SS in the
US dancer, choreographer, and dance teacher,
1 shake it
noted for her ability to express in dance social
1 At a party after a poorly attended perfor-
that the
and political ideas. She was principal choreog-
mance one evening, Miss Taylor was engaged
raise the
rapher of the WPA Federal Theater Project
in amiable conversation with one of her fellow
ply." His
(1937-1939).
guests, a complete stranger. After some time,
we're following from afar to forge a new
Russia, to President Gorbachev and to me. I
President Yeltsin. It is my understanding
my speech. But look, we all know that Sam
union treaty, this historic effort to transform
thank you for receiving me here in the
that this question is also addressed to me. I
is committed, doing a first-class job, over-
the Soviet economy, the imperative of free-
White House and for this invitation to ex-
have said that the Supreme Soviet of the
coming obstacles along the way and making
dom for the Baltic peoples, and of course,
change views on the present-day situation
Russian Federation has enacted a law under
great progress on this subject that's of such
continued good relations with the United
in Russia, in my country, and also about the
which all extenuous systems of all countries
concern to all of us here.
States and the West.
future which we are eager to build.
and all regimes is terminated. All without
Let me salute also Hal Rives, the
We have been heartened and encouraged
The popular elections for the President of
exception. And I am stressing that point.
AASHTO president, and thank him and all
by President Yeltsin's commitment to
Russia, which was the choice of the majority
We only have 180 million rubles to disburse
of you for being with us today. Behind me
democratic values and free-market princi-
of the people of Russia, was indeed the
for Afghanistan. But we have warned the
we've got the flags of all the States, and we
ples, and we look forward to working with
choice in favor of democracy and the pro-
people that as of July 1, assistance will be
stuck them out here for a reason, just as you
him. But at the same time-I want to be
terminated. We shall have to trade with
found economic and social reform.
and the Secretary are here for a reason, and
very clear about this-the United States will
them.
We are also believers in freedom for the
that is to symbolize our commitment to a
continue to maintain the closest possible of-
Afghanistan has tobacco, fruit, and vege-
peoples of the Baltic countries who should
new partnership in creating a truly national
ficial relationship with the Soviet Govern-
tables and they can trade with us. More so,
not be chained, because one cannot build a
highway system.
ment of President Gorbachev. Indeed, in
they are very good merchants. We want to
union with chains.
You all understand the importance of mo-
just the few minutes we've had inside,
maintain commercial relations with all the
President Yeltsin has told me that he and
I want to assure you, Mr. President, and
bility in our society. Our economic growth,
countries, not just give us help and assist-
through you, the people of the United
our international competitiveness, even our
President Gorbachev are in very close con-
ance, because I do believe that charity
States, that all the positive things that have
cultural vitality, all depend on the transpor-
tact and working cooperatively together to
begins at home. And in my country two out
achieve these ends.
been attained and achieved by President
tation lifelines that span this nation, that let
of every five persons live below the poverty
He knows that I have great respect for
Nixon, by you personally, by President Gor-
people get to work, get home, to entertain-
line.
bachev in the field of security and coopera-
ment, to family, and friends.
President Gorbachev, as I do for him. And
President Bush. May I have the last
tion in reducing the global military confron-
We're the most mobile society in history,
we have an excellent relationship, and our
word? See, I've learned something here. If I
tation is a major achievement of us all. And
economically and, of course, I'd say literally
ability to work together has produced, I
had had that answer inside before I gave
I shall seek to develop this achievement to-
as well, given our size. This century, we ve
think, enormous benefits for both of our
my answer I might have had a more knowl-
countries and it served the cause of world
gether with President Gorbachev.
developed the world's most advanced trans-
edgeable answer.
peace and stability in the world.
Indeed, we still have forces back at home
portation system. We've done it through
So, now we're going to go in and do some
which want to go back to the times of stag-
strong commitment; we've done it through
So, let's not forget that it was President
work in here. And I learned something with
substantial investment. We've tried to har-
Gorbachev's courageous policies of glasnost
nation. But I can, with all the responsibility,
great interest here about the laws as al-
ness the power of market forces, and we're
and perestroika that were the pivotal factors
assure you that this will not happen. Russia,
ready passed in the Soviet Union. And I
going to continue to do that. But we also
enabling us to end the cold war and make
which accounts for 70 percent of the gross
salute them. That's their decision. And it's
believe in solid partnerships between the
Europe whole and free. So, in this new
national product of the Soviet Union, is
not the United States role to fine-tune how
private sector and government at all levels.
world in which the United States works
firmly and irrevocably committed to de-
the Soviet Union or Russia or anybody else
with the new Soviet Union, we want and
deal with other countries. That's their busi-
No transportation partnership has en-
mocracy. And it will not allow any rever-
dured so long or accomplished as much as
intend to have good relations with the
sion of the course of history.
ness. And I'm very interested in that
the one between the Federal Government
Soviet Government and certainly the Re-
Once again, Mr. President, I thank you
answer. And now we're going to go in and
and AASHTO. Our organizations have
public Governments. And certainly, obvi-
for this invitation and I hope that we shall
learn some more.
worked together, I'm told, for 75 years now.
ously, with this dramatic election, that in-
have a success in our discussions. I thank
We've helped turn a sprawling land knitted
cludes Russia, the largest of them all.
Note: President Bush spoke at 3:23 p.m. in
you.
Q. Mr. President—
the Rose Garden at the White House.
together by dusty back roads into a nation
We're very pleased to have the good for-
linked together by high-performance roads
tune to work with such impressive men as
Q. Mr. President—
and highways. Those corridors have re-
President Gorbachev and President Yeltsin.
President Bush. We can't take any ques-
shaped our nation and made it possible for
And again, sir, welcome to the United
tions. Maybe-should we each take one?
all of us to take mobility for granted.
States. You've made a tremendous impres-
Q. Earlier today, President Yeltsin said
Remarks to the American Association of
When Ike-when President Eisenhower
sion here already, not simply in the Con-
gress and at the White House, but with the
that he thought all Soviet foreign aid should
State Highway and Transportation
first proposed a major national highway net-
be stopped, that charity begins at home. He
Officials
work back in '56, he laid the groundwork
people along the Mall out here. And that's
what democracy is all about.
included Cuba in this. I assume you would
June 21, 1991
for unprecedented movement, unprece-
approve of such remarks.
dented access all across America: to prod-
So, I really am looking forward to ex-
changing views on these questions and any
President Bush. I'd say the matter of for-
Thank you. Let me salute Secretary Skin-
ucts, to services, and obviously in the proc-
other questions that are on your agenda.
eign aid is a matter for the Soviet Union to
ner. I'll tell you, he is doing a superb job
ess, to prosperity.
Welcome to the White House.
determine. They know that we've had dif-
out there. And I heard about a half an hour
Now, as the whole world seems to shrink
All yours, sir.
ferences on Cuba, and it wouldn't hurt my
of his remarks there-[laughter]-and I
while the competitive pace quickens, we
President Yeltsin. I thank you for the
feelings a bit if they cut off all foreign aid to
thought he did a great job warming up the
must make certain American business has
warm words addressed to my homeland, to
Cuba, if that's the question.
crowd. We don't need it here, but he gave
the mobility to compete and get its goods to
823
822
market. That's why our surface transporta-
grams. And it shortchanges the national
serve the well-worn paths of the past. We
the United States, including IEEPA, the Na-
highway system. It calls for excessive Feder-
must move ahead. And I do need your
tional Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et
tion proposal calls for significant investment
in the future. We propose, as Sam men-
al spending, putting at risk other important
help-we all need your help-and the
seq.), and section 301 of title 3 of the
tioned, increasing Federal highway spend-
Federal programs, including programs that
Nation needs your expertise, needs your
United States Code. At that time I also sub-
you all care about. Aviation safety and mod-
service.
mitted a report to the Congress pursuant to
ing by 39 percent over the next 5 years.
The interstate system has mapped out our
ernization would be ones that come to
So, let's renew and reinvigorate the part-
section 204(b) of IEEPA (50 U.S.C. 1703(b)).
economic prosperity by ensuring our com-
mind, as well as education, health care,
nership between the State and Federal in-
Section 204 of IEEPA requires follow-up re-
fighting the war on drugs-all these other
terests. And we've got to stop the jawbon-
ports, with respect to actions or changes, to
petitiveness and productivity.
As
We're committed to building stronger
national priorities. The Senate version
ing up there. We've got to stop stalling and
be submitted every 6 months. This report is
CA
partnerships at every level. We favor giving
doesn't lower matching ratios or eliminate
get the job done. With the right tools and
submitted in compliance with that require-
new flexibility to the States. Let them
operating subsidies for local transit systems.
the right investment and the right incen-
ment.
LA,
decide how to address local needs. Our bill
And finally, the Senate bill directs how Fed-
tives, we're going to move this nation into
3. Since the issuance of Executive Order
504
provides innovative features to encourage
eral money will be distributed within States,
the next American century. And I look for-
No. 12735, the United States Government
hasin
private investment in our transportation in-
tying the hands of State officials. State
ward to working with you every step of the
has implemented additional export controls
transportation officials, in our view, have
way. I'm grateful to all those who have al-
under the Enhanced Proliferation Controls
frastructure.
Funding
We seek legislation for greater invest-
the vision, the experience, and yes, the or-
ready taken a leadership role in moving our
Initiative (EPCI), announced on December
ment at the Federal level for our overall
ganizations to ensure that our highway
transportation system forward.
13, 1990. Three provisions implementing
highway system to meet an important na-
funds are spent wisely.
So, thank you for coming down on this
EPCI and Executive Order No. 12735
highways
tional need. We asked for a higher State
As you all know, I challenged the Con-
warm day. And you'll be glad to know the
amend the Export Administration Regula-
matching share for local roads outside the
gress to pass a comprehensive crime bill
speech is over. Thank you all very, very
tions and were published in the Federal
national highway system because we be-
and a transportation bill in 100 days, by
much.
Register (56 FR 10756-10770, March 13,
lieve Federal funds should stay focused on
June 14th. And while the Senate has acted,
1991), copies of which are attached. These
and I give them credit for that, the House
Note: The President spoke at 10:10 a.m. in
national needs.
regulations impose additional controls on
We believe our nation is best served by
hasn't taken any official action at all. What
the Rose Garden at the White House.
exports that would assist a country in ac-
providing greater flexibility-greater ac-
the American people heard as a 100-day
quiring the capability to develop, produce,
countability-at the State and local level. A
challenge, the Congress used as an excuse
stockpile, deliver, or use chemical or biolog-
higher State match on roads that are critical
to complain. A challenge of 100 days
ical weapons or ballistic missiles. The first
to national interests will increase the total
point
became an occasion for 100 different delays
Message to the Congress Reporting on
two regulations were issued in interim form
infrastructure investment. It will help us
and 101 excuses for inaction. The road-
the National Emergency With Respect
for public comment and implemented im-
build better, more efficient transportation
block, thank heavens, has been broken by
to Chemical and Biological Weapons
mediately. The third regulation was issued
networks.
the action in the Senate. And I urge the
Proliferation
in proposed form for public comment.
And I'm very pleased the Senate included
House now not to lose that Senate-created
The three regulations can be described as
a national highway system in its version of
June 21, 1991
momentum. I also challenge the Congress
follows:
the Surface Transportation Reauthorization
not to let a fight over the allocation of re-
To the Congress of the United States:
The first regulation expands from 11 to
Act. The Senate's bill has some good fea-
sources overshadow the real issues that are
1. On November 16, 1990, in Executive
50 the number of chemical weapons pre-
tures to it; increased flexibility was one that
at stake here: long-term productivity and
Order No. 12735, I declared a national
cursors whose export is controlled by the
we put forward originally. We need to
the fundamental economic health of our
emergency under the International Emer-
United States Government to all countries
loosen the Federal strings on the States
nation.
gency Economic Powers Act ("IEEPA") (50
except the 20-member Australia Group of
highway programs.
So, I say to the Congress: Don't stop.
U.S.C. 1701, et seq.) to deal with the threat
countries that cooperate against chemical
But at times, the stretch between Penn-
Don't pass "go." Don't collect any more
to the national security and foreign policy
and biological weapons proliferation and
sylvania Avenue and the Capitol Building
dollars. Just pass our transportation bill.
of the United States caused by the prolifera-
the NATO member countries. Prior to this
and the White House seems like the longest
street in America-the journey from here
The old approaches to surface transporta-
tion of chemical and biological weapons. In
regulation the United States had controlled
up there. You wouldn't believe how much
tion just won't do it. And by any standard,
that order I directed the imposition of
the 39 additional chemical weapons precur-
the way in which we-the Federal Govern-
export controls on goods, technology, and
sors only to Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Libya, and
bills change from the time they leave the
ment-and you-the States-do business
services that can contribute to the prolifera-
the four embargoed countries of Cuba,
White House until the Congress finishes
must change in response to new fiscal and
tion of chemical and biological weapons and
Vietnam, Cambodia, and North Korea.
with them. And we know we're right all the
time, you know. [Laughter] So, that's cer-
technological challenges. We've got to take
delivery systems. I also directed the imposi-
The second regulation imposes a require-
tainly the case with the Senate version of
full advantage of our present opportunity to
tion of sanctions on foreign persons and for-
ment for individual validated licenses for
create a surface transportation program
eign countries involved in chemical and bi-
export of certain chemical and biological
this bill that Sam has had such a hand in
that will meet our present and future
ological weapons proliferation activities
weapons-related dual-use equipment to 28
crafting and trying to get enacted.
The Senate bill doesn't focus Federal
needs, not our past problems.
under specified circumstances.
designated destinations.
We've got to develop a new generation of
2. I issued Executive Order No. 12735
The third regulation will impose a re-
funds sufficiently on national needs. It
allows for no differential match between
transportation systems and solutions. And
pursuant to the authority vested in me as
quirement for individual validated licenses
the national highway system and other pro-
our bill recognizes that we can't just pre-
President by the Constitution and laws of
where an exporter knows or is informed by
825
824
Let us ask 111111 to strengthen and con-
Day
01
revruary 1, 1991
sole their families, and let us also remember
February 2, 1991
may still lay ahead.
all those innocent civilians, wherever they
And, above all, let us pray for peace,
By the President of the United States
may be, who have been affected by this
At this moment, America, the finest, most
"Peace, which passeth all understanding."
conflict.
loving nation on Earth, is at war, at war
On this National Day of Prayer and
of America
against the oldest enemy of the human
always, may God bless the United States of
"All this being done, in sincerity and
spirit: evil that threatens peace.
America.
A Proclamation
truth," as President Lincoln once wrote,
At this moment, men and women of cour-
As one Nation under God, we Americans
"Let us then rest humbly in the hope au-
age and endurance stand on the harsh
Note: This address was recorded January 31
are deeply mindful of both our dependence
thorized by the Divine teachings, that the
desert and sail the seas of the Gulf. By their
in the Oval Office at the White House and
on the Almighty and our obligations as a
united cry of the Nation will be heard on
presence they're bearing witness to the fact
was released by the Office of the Press Sec-
people He has richly blessed. From our
high, and answered
by Almighty God,
that the triumph of the moral order is the
retary on February 2.
very beginnings as a Nation, we have relied
our refuge and strength, our rock and our
vision that compels us. At this moment,
upon God's strength and guidance in war
salvation.
those of us here at home are thinking of
and peace. Entrusted with the holy gift of
them and of the future of our world. I recall
freedom and allowed to prosper in its great
Now, Therefore, I, George Bush, Presi-
Abraham Lincoln and his anguish during
light, we have a responsibility to serve as a
dent of the United States of America, by
the Civil War. He turned to prayer, saying:
Message to the Congress Transmitting
beacon to the world-to use our strength
virtue of the authority vested in me by the
"I've been driven many times to my knees
the Fiscal Year 1992 Budget
and resources to help those suffering in the
Constitution and laws of the United States,
by the overwhelming conviction that I have
February 4, 1991
darkness of tyranny and repression.
do hereby proclaim February 3, 1991, as a
nowhere else to go."
Today the United States is engaged in a
National Day of Prayer. I ask that Ameri-
So many of us, compelled by a deep need
To the Congress of the United States:
great struggle to uphold the principles of
cans gather in homes and places of worship
for God's wisdom in all we do, turn to
I am pleased to present the Budget of the
national sovereignty and international order
to pray for the members of Operation
prayer. We pray for God's protection in all
United States Government for Fiscal Year
and to defend the lives and liberty of inno-
Desert Storm; for their families; and for all
we undertake, for God's love to fill all
1992.
cent people. It is an armed struggle we
those innocent persons, wherever they may
hearts, and for God's peace to be the moral
The budget is consistent with the 5-year
made every possible effort to avoid through
be, who suffer as a result of the conflict in
North Star that guides us. So, I have pro-
deficit reduction law enacted last fall. It
extraordinary diplomatic efforts to resolve
the Persian Gulf. I ask that prayer be made
claimed Sunday, February 3d, National Day
recommends discretionary spending levels
the matter peacefully, yet-given no choice
of Prayer. In this moment of crisis, may
that fall within the statutory caps for de-
for American military commanders in the
by a ruthless dictator who would wield po-
region and for the forces of other nations
Americans of every creed turn to our great-
fense, international, and domestic discre-
est power and unite together in prayer.
tionary programs. It implements the entitle-
litical and economic hegemony over other
that have joined in the coalition to liberate
nations through force and terror-it is a
Let us pray for the safety of the troops,
ment savings and reforms enacted in the
Kuwait. I also urge the American people
these men and women who have put their
Budget Agreement. It conforms to the new
struggle we wage with conviction and re-
and their elected representatives to give
solve. Our cause is moral and just.
lives and dreams on hold because they un-
pay-as-you-go requirements.
thanks to God for His mercy and goodness
derstand the threat our world faces.
By holding the overall rate of growth of
However confident of our purpose, how-
and humbly to ask for His continued help
Let us pray for those who make the su-
Federal Government spending to approxi-
ever determined to prevail, we Americans
and guidance in all our endeavors. Let us
preme sacrifice. In our terrible grief, we
mately 2.6 percent-below the inflation
continue to yearn for peace and for the
pray this day, and every day hereafter, for
pray that they leave the fields of battle for
rate-the budget puts into effect the con-
safety of our service men and women in the
peace. And may God keep this country as
finer fields where there is no danger, only
cept of a "flexible freeze," which is an es-
Persian Gulf. With these great hopes in
one great Nation under Him forever.
tranquillity; where there is no fear, only
sential means of bringing the budget into
mind, I ask all Americans to unite in
In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set
peace; and where there is no evil, only the
long-term balance.
humble and contrite prayer to Almighty
my hand this 1st day of February, in the
love of the greatest Father of all.
The longest period of peacetime econom-
God. May it please our Heavenly Father to
year of our Lord nineteen hundred and
Let us pray for those who are held prison-
ic expansion in history has been temporarily
look upon this Nation, judging not our wor-
ninety-one, and of the Independence of the
er, that God will protect these, his special
interrupted. We can, however, return to
thiness but our need, and to grant us His
children, and will enlighten the minds and
growth soon-and proceed on the path to a
continued strength and guidance. May He
United States of America the two hundred
soften the hearts of their captors.
new era of expansion. With that goal in
watch over and support the courageous
and fifteenth.
Let us pray for the families of those who
mind, the budget places special priority on
members of our Armed Forces, their loving
serve. Let us reach out to them with caring,
policies that will enhance America's poten-
families, as well as the forces of those na-
to make them part of a greater family filled
tial for long-term economic growth, and
tions that have joined the coalition to liber-
George Bush
with love and support.
that will give individuals the power to take
ate Kuwait and to deter further Iraqi ag-
Let us pray for the innocents caught up
advantage of the opportunity America
gression.
in this war, all of them, wherever they may
uniquely offers.
Today, as we turn our hearts toward
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Regis-
be. And let us remember deep in our hearts
To this end, I am again proposing tax
Heaven, let us also pray especially for those
ter, 10:42 a.m., February 4, 1991]
the value of all human life, everywhere in
incentives to increase savings and long-term
the world.
investment.
116
117
outlays rightly creates a competition for re-
Americans, especially those with low in-
Congress in the coming weeks.
will
not
be
any
sources. Priorities must be set. This budget
comes, to seize the opportunities that such
The priority investments embodied in
quick nor will I try to tie the
0
proposes that domestic investment be in-
choice provides; and a proposal to establish
this budget will help America prepare for
hands of the military because I just feel we
creased in the following key areas:
Enterprise Zones to bring hope to our inner
the requirements and opportunities pre-
have to go forward and prosecute this to a
Education and Human Capital.-The
cities and distressed rural areas.
sented by a rapidly changing world. I look
successful conclusion. So, I want you to
budget proposes investments to prepare
,
Drugs and Crime-The budget further
forward to working with the Congress in
know from my standpoint the team is work-
children better for school, to promote
increases the Administration's investment in
developing a budget that lays the ground-
ing well, the objectives are out there, and
choice and excellence in our educational
work for a brighter future, protects our na-
drug prevention, treatment, and law en-
we're going to achieve them all.
system, to improve math and science educa-
tional interests, and helps create the condi-
tion, and to increase the access of low-
forcement. And the budget substantially in-
tions for long-term economic growth and
So, I will be glad to respond to questions
creases the resources available to help the
on this, of course, later on because I know
income Americans to higher education.
prosperity.
Prevention and the Next Generation.-
Federal Bureau of Investigation fight crime,
it's a matter of enormous concern in your
the Federal prosecutors prosecute crimi-
FEBRUARY 4, 1991
The budget includes proposals to help
communities. I used the figure, I think last
reduce illness and death from preventable
nals, and the Federal prison system accom-
George Bush
night, mentioning some 436 units of the
diseases, and to reverse the long-term trend
modate those convicted of crimes.
National Guard-over 60,000 men and
of underinvestment in children.
To make such investments possible, the
Note: The President's message was printed
women who are more than spectators. And
Research and Development and the
budget includes recommendations to termi-
in the report entitled "Budget of the United
I would just encourage all of you to give the
Human Frontier.-The budget recom-
nate or reduce Federal investment in cer-
States Government, Fiscal Year 1992. It
utmost support you possibly can. I talked to
mends an increase of $8.4 billion in the
tain low-return programs, and proposes re-
was not issued as a White House press re-
some of you all last night, and I was very
Federal investment in research and devel-
forms to slow the continuing growth of
lease.
impressed with what you told me about this
opment, with special emphasis on basic re-
mandatory entitlement programs and to in-
spirit of these people and even more so
search, high performance computing, and
crease fairness in the distribution of the
about the spirit in the communities.
energy research and development. It pro-
benefits these programs provide.
I do think that the United States is sup-
poses to extend permanently the tax credit
In addition, the budget contains a new
porting this. I can tell you that you read
for research and experimentation to encour-
Remarks to Members of the National
proposal to fund various programs now car-
Governors Association
from time to time about lack of public sup-
age private sector R&D investment. In ad-
ried out by the States through a compre-
port in some of the coalition countries, but
dition, the budget reflects the Administra-
hensive block grant. The States are continu-
February 4, 1991
generally speaking, the support is very,
tion's continued commitment to expanding
ing to develop new and innovative ways to
very strong. And that is not just the U.S.; it's
human frontiers in space and biotechnol-
Let me just make a few brief comments,
deliver services more effectively. The
in other countries as well.
ogy.
and then what I really am anxious to do is
budget not only highlights several of these
to hear from you. I know you've been
So, here at home I understand you've
Transportation Infrastructure.-The
budget supports an expansion of the Feder-
innovations; it proposes to reinforce and
briefed in some detail on many aspects of
been talking about that. I recognize that we
al Government's investment in highways
build upon them.
the domestic program, but I'd like to get
are facing enormously challenging problems
and bridges to over $20 billion within 5
The budget contains several proposals
from you a feel for emphasis and some of
and that some of you face exactly the same
years, and proposes substantial increases to
that reflect my commitment to managing
your most serious concerns.
problems that the Federal Government
improve the condition of the Nation's air-
government better. These include measures
But first, my thanks to you, Governor
does in terms of trying to restrict these defi-
ports, to modernize the air traffic control
to improve accountability, to reduce waste,
Gardner and Governor Ashcroft. And I
cits or get out of this deficit mode.
system, and to continue to develop the
to reform regulation, to employ risk man-
know Dick Cheney has briefed you on the
One of the subjects that I really wanted
transportation infrastructure for exploration
agement budgeting in addressing threats to
Gulf. And let me simply just say this on it:
to build on as we go along here this year
and use of space.
health and safety, and to set clear objectives
It's going according to plan. We are going
with the Governors is what happened at the
America's Heritage and Environmental
and measure performance in meeting them.
to set the timetable for what lies ahead-
Charlottesville education summit. I think
Protection.-The budget includes increased
Finally, consistent with the statutory caps
not Saddam Hussein. And I have a very
you expressed many concerns there, those
funds for the expansion and improvement
enacted last year, the budget provides the
strong team that is working this problem of
who were Governors then, and I hope we
of America's treasury of parks, forests, wild-
resources necessary to maintain national se-
the Gulf. Not only do I have great confi-
have responded. You were concerned about
life refuges, and other public lands; for the
curity, and to better advance American in-
dence in the officers and the men and
the readiness of the kids for school. And we
implementation of the Clean Air Act and
terests abroad. As the budget goes to press,
women in the Gulf itself but, of course, I
have recommended and received good sup-
other key environmental statutes; for the
the timing of the resolution of the multina-
think Dick Cheney and General Colin
port for Congress on this whole concept of
cleanup of pollution at various Federal fa-
tional coalition's efforts to reverse the ag-
Powell-working so closely together and
increased funding for Head Start. You
cilities and at Superfund sites; and for pro-
gression in the Persian Gulf is uncertain.
then working very closely with our Chief of
wanted more emphasis on research and on
tection and enhancement of coastal areas
For this reason, the budget reflects only a
Staff here and mainly with General Scow-
assessment, and we saw it and got increases
and wetlands.
placeholder for Operation Desert Shield. A
croft, my able right hand on these national
in those programs-not that those increases
Choice and Opportunity.-The budget
supplemental request for the incremental
security matters.
alone at the Federal level are going to get
provides: funds to help give parents greater
costs of Desert Shield, which includes
I have confidence that we're doing the
the job done. Nobody knows that better
right thing, and I have confidence that it is
than the Governors around this table.
118
119
72 ECONOMIC MATTERS
Economic Matters
2. Under our scheme of g
1. Spiritual and intellectual freedom can not continue to exist without
crime against the citizen, an
economic freedom. If one dies, all will die.
and frugality in the person:
sturdiness of our national ch
HERBERT HOOVER
1922; Memoirs, II, 28
2. Our economic system is but an instrument of the social advancement
3. The duty of economy is
of the American People. It is an instrument by which we add to the
In the appropriations we pa
security and richness of life of every individual. It by no means com-
prises the whole purpose of life, but it is the foundation upon which can
people whose servants we are
sible stewards in the spendin
be built the finer things of the spirit.
we should be careful to mak
HERBERT HOOVER
of economy demanded of us.
Address at Cleveland, Ohio, Oct. 2, 1930; Administration, p. 47
people of the United States
3. These unhappy times call for the building of plans that rest upon the
ment costs if they are sure 1
forgotten, the unorganized but the indispensable units of economic power,
the outlay, that the money is 1
for plans
that build from the bottom up and not from the top down,
and that it is being applied
that put their faith once more in the forgotten man at the bottom of the
economic pyramid.
Second
FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT
Radio address, Apr. 7, 1932; Public Papers, I, 625
4. After order and liberty,
a free government.
Eco
4. I will always believe in private enterprise as the backbone of economic
well-being in the United States.
It was this Administration which
Spe
saved the system of private profit and free enterprise after it had been
dragged to the brink of ruin.
FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT
5. With us economy is impe
Address in Chicago, III., Oct. 14, 1936; Ibid., V, 487
ter.
I am for economy.
5. There is no question in my mind that the Government, acting on
behalf of all the people, must assume the ultimate responsibility for the
economic health of the Nation.
HARRY S. TRUMAN
6. I favor the policy of eco:
Message to Congress, Jan. 21, 1946;
because I wish to save peopl
Public Papers
Truman, 1946, p. 51
toil are the ones who bear th
we carelessly waste means
See also Debts, Education 35, Faith 3, Foreign Relations 54, Freedom 18,
meager.
Economy is id
Money 10, 11, Security 2, 8, War 16
The wisest and soundest II
economy.
Economy
The result of economic di
1. We ought never to forget that true public economy consists not in
withholding the means necessary to accomplish important national objects
confided to us by the Constitution, but in taking care that the money
appropriated for these purposes shall be faithfully and frugally expended.
7. Economy is the method
JAMES BUCHANAN
improvements of tomorrow.
Third Annual Message to Congress, Dec. 19, 1859;
Messages and Papers, p. 3104
CT
Widern
girl who
roker at
in
Broad
In Transit
e
woman
led a bent
a
dangling
WHEN A young man in uniform and a girl boarded our train hold-
It you said
ing hands, it occasioned little interest on the part of the other
passengers. It was not long, however, before they were the center
ou don't
of attention. Oblivious to the rest of us, they put on a love scene
Inhana
to rival the best Hollywood has to offer. As the train reached the
young lady's destination and she rose to depart, we all waited for
ed the con
what we were sure would be a cataclysmic farewell kiss. But the
departed I
girl sent the entire car into peals of laughter when she gravely
ibbs was an
shook the young man's hand and said, "I'm very glad to have met
art."
you!"
-Mrs. Roy M. Matthews, Jr.
adden Stewart
FROM THE Holland, Mich., Evening Sentinel: "WANTED-Man
1 tints on his
with car and controversial nature to share car pool to downtown
"I just keep
Grand Rapids. Must be willing to take opposite side in all discus-
n I know it's
sions."
Veek Magazine
EXCHANGE between two homeward-bound commuters:
eum of Mod-
"And can you imagine," one sighed, "we're having company for
ittle old man
dinner tonight!"
e. After long
"Ye gods!" said the other. "I hope it isn't us!"
-Paul Norton
stle Stop"-a
de and, small
IT WAS rush hour on the New York subway, but I had managed
to get a seat and was absorbed in conversation with my boy friend,
tly for it to be
who stood in front of me. Suddenly the woman beside me cut in,
door leading
"Miss, would you mind changing the subject and talk about the
omplete revo-
weather or some other uninteresting topic?" I stared at her with
rnly. "I don't
amazement, but before I could say anything she continued, "You
St like trains!"
see, I get up early, stand up all day, rush home to cook dinner and
and Plain Dealer
then do the dishes. The only chance I get for a nap is on the way
542
READER'S DIGEST
TREASURY OF WIT & HUMOR
home, and your conversation is so interesting it's keeping me
awake." I changed the subject.
-Christine Camardella
Quotable
Q
ON A Los Angeles bus a lady seated herself in the only vacant
Robert Benchley: Probably the
L
place, next to a rather tipsy gentleman. Opening her purse she
most common of all antagonisms
flow
took out a map of Hawaii, unfolded it and started to peruse it
arises from a man's taking a seat
to
intently. She hadn't noticed her seat partner studying the map.
beside you on a train, a seat to
arte
too, until he tapped her on the shoulder and said solicitously.
which he is completely entitled.
"Madam, you're on the wrong bus!"
F
-Script
Anonymous: No woman ever
wa
takes another woman's advice
cor
THE SUBWAY shuttle from New York City's Times Square to
about frocks. Naturally you don't
Grand Central Station was packed, and since I had baggage-and
ask the enemy how to win the
plenty of time-I stepped back to wait for an empty train. "When
war.
-New York Times
car
does the next train get in?" I asked a guard.
arc
"Why didn't you take the one that just pulled out?" he asked
Dr. Konrad Lorenz, zoologist: I
to
reproachfully. "There won't be another one for three minutes!"
believe I've found the missing
-Helene C. Safford
link between animal and civilized
man. It is us. -Woodrow Wirsig in
Woman's Home Companion
W
MAN ON BUS to fellow straphanger: "The long tiresome ride to
sp
work doesn't bother me at all. It's getting there that I don't like."
Oscar Wilde: In America the
-Bernhardt cartoon in Pipe Dreams
young are always ready to give
those who are older than them-
selves the full benefit of their inex-
th
ON A BUSINESS trip to Boston a government executive was
-
perience.
looking forward to reading a book on the train. But the girl shar-
al
ing the seat had other ideas, kept advancing conversational feelers.
Mark Twain: When some men
After her fifth attempt he turned to her and asked, "Do you like
discharge an obligation you can
hear the report for miles around.
h
to read?"
-Quoted by Donald Day
o
"Oh, yes. I love it," she replied eagerly, hoping he'd start a dis-
o
cussion of his book.
Dan Bennett: The reason why
a
Instead he tore out the first three chapters and handed them to
the Ten Commandments are short
her. "I've finished these," he said, "so you start on them."
and clear is that they were handed
For the rest of their trip he ripped out the pages as he read them
down direct, not through several
and handed them to his silenced companion.
L
committees.
-Joe Harrington in Boston Post
-The Saturday Evening Post
e
Roga Porter
1
A Foundation for the Future:
Transporting American into the 21st Century
4/11/91
Introduction
This is a special time for America. It is a time of
pride, but also a time of opportunity and great challenge. Our
swift victory in the Persian Gulf has demonstrated once again
what America can achieve when we are focused, purposeful, and
prepared. We had a clear goal -- the liberation of Kuwait.
Our military demonstrated an important lesson: the value of
long-term, consistent investments in technology, training, and
equipment. It has also challenged us to bring the same sort of
dedication, purpose, and planning to pursuing our domestic
goals.
My subject today is an issue that is critical to our
country's future, one that requires long-term planning and
investment, and is a key component of the President's domestic
agenda: improving our transportation infrastructure.
Transportation is a critical link in an increasingly global
economy and a cornerstone of the President's domestic and
economic program.
Transportation's role in the U.S. economy
It is difficult to overstate the importance of our
5
systems, have fostered a new flexibility for Americans to
choose where they live and how they experience the world around
them.
Transportation - the foundation for a global economy
In considering America's transportation policies, it is
worth noting the changes taking place in the world economy.
Today's economy is truly global. Since 1950, world trade has
increased from $70 billion to more than $3 trillion. Trade has
expanded at an annual rate of 6.2 percent annually, compared
with 4.1 percent for the world economy as a whole.
The importance of global trade to the U.S. economy has
accelerated. According to a study by the National Association
of Manufacturers, as of 1986, exports accounted for only about
14 percent of total real growth in the U.S. economy. In the
latter half of the 1980s, U.S. exports, aided by the decline of
the dollar and an increase in U.S. industrial competitiveness,
became a larger factor in our economic growth. By the first
half of 1990, exports accounted for over 80 percent of U.S.
economic growth.
The trend toward globalization has been driven by three
important forces:
1.
A large and growing number of highly efficient
6
multinational enterprises;
2.
Rapidly accelerating technological innovation; and
3.
Sharply declining costs for international transport
and communications.
The rise of multinationals is closely linked to the
increased world economic interdependence. These corporations
are committed to being effective global competitors. They are
comfortable operating outside their home market; indeed, being
internationally competitive almost dictates a presence in the
U.S., European, and Japanese markets. The changes in the
airline industry in the last few years illustrate the move from
national to international competition. United and American,
once content to battle on the domestic front, now see their
success intimately tied to building a global network. The
United system now stretches from Melbourne, Austrialia to
Manchester, England. American goes from Boston to Buenos
Aires. These companies are now competing against carriers
worldwide and are adjusting to the demands of the global
market.
A second development is the increasingly rapid pace of
technological and scientific innovation. When future
historians write the history of our times, they may well
7
portray science as the driving force of the 20th century. In
the transportation field, we have developed the automobile, the
airplane, the rocket, and the space shuttle. The sheer
inventiveness of the 20th century is astounding. In a few
short decades we have gone from cars that must be hand cranked
to cars that require an electrical engineering degree to
repair.
The third driving force is the improvement in the movement
of information, goods and people. The telecommunications
revolution has made information widely available, making it
difficult for nations to insulate themselves politically and
economically. The instantaneous broadcast of the democratic
revolutions of Eastern Europe, the faxes from Chinese
dissidents during the Tianamin Square protests, and the live
coverage of the Persian Gulf war are powerful demonstrations of
how communications is breaking down barriers between countries.
The cost of communications is decreasing radically the
cost of conducting business internationally. Today, for
example, a ten-minute telephone call from the United States to
the United Kingdom cost $6.65. In 1950, the same phone call
cost $209.30, measured in today's dollars. It is no
coincidence that the number of calls from the U.S. to the U.K.
has risen from 110,330 in 1950 to 85 million in 1989.
8
The increase in international transport of goods and
people has further fueled the international economy:
Containerization has increased the efficiency of
goods transport. The volume of containerized
shipments to and from the U.S. has doubled in the
last ten years. The percent of liner trade shipped
by container to the US has increased from 56 percent
in 1980 to 82 percent in 1989. And in key trans-
Atlantic and trans-Pacific markets, 90 to 95 percent
of goods shipped in liner trade are containerized.
International air traffic has grown exponentially.
In 1950, U.S. carriers transported 1.8 million
passengers on international flights. In 1990, U.S.
airlines carried an estimated 41.3 million passengers
on overseas flights. The number of visitors to the
United States has increased from 5.6 million in 1960
to an estimated 39.8 million in 1990.
The combination of the movement of information, people,
and goods has created a New World Economy. U.S. prosperity is
now tied to our ability to compete efficiently and effectively
in global markets.
9
U.S. transportation infrastructure - the most advanced in the
world
During the last 45 years, the US has experienced a period
of unprecedented economic prosperity. A key element in
America's growth is that, since World War II, our country has
developed the most advanced transportation infrastructure and
the most mobile society the world has ever known. Compare our
transportation system to those of other countries:
The U.S. has 66 percent more miles of roads per
person than France and almost three times as many as
Japan. Our Interstate Highway System is the envy of
the world.
The Soviet Union loses 40 percent of its fresh fruits
and vegetables to spoilage, largely due to
transportation problems. In America, it is estimated
that the loses are less than two percent.
We have more extensive, accessible, and economical
air service serving more of our population than
anywhere else in the world.
Our system is also the safest in the world:
Traffic deaths are only 2.2 per 100 million vehicle
10
miles, down from 7.2 in 1950. Fatality rates in the
U.S. are 35 percent lower than in Germany and Japan
and 79 percent lower than in France.
The air traffic accident rate per hour flown has
decreased by a factor of three in the last 20 years.
Our success in building the world's most advanced
transportation system can be traced to two decisions we made as
a nation:
First, we believe in the importance of investing in
infrastructure. Since 1977, Federal, State, and local
governments have spent over $1 trillion in 1990 dollars on
our highway, transit, and air traffic systems. That
amounts to over $4000 per person.
Second, we rely on market forces and competition. In the
last 15 years, the airline, railroad, and trucking
industries have been deregulated. The results are
dramatic:
Since 1978, the first year of airline
deregulation, the number of daily flights has
grown by 54 percent increase while prices in
constant terms have fallen by 16 percent.
11
The cost of rail freight transport decreased by
21.7 percent in the last 10 years.
In the first eight years of trucking
deregulation, prices fell, depending on sector,
by 2 to 17 percent.
It is instructive to compare the cost of air travel in
Europe and North America. In the more regulated markets of
Europe, the average price of an economy class ticket for a 600
mile trip is 19.1 cents per passenger mile. In North America,
which is dominated by the less regulated U.S. market, the price
is 11.6 cents per passenger mile. Competition explains the 61
percent difference.
The recent difficulties in the airline industry do not
deter the Administration's commitment to deregulation.
Secretary Skinner has taken several steps to ensure healthy
competition continues by relaxing foreign investment
restrictions, lowering industry entry costs, and gaining
passage of legislation to allow local airports to raise money
for expansion. The industry will emerge from this period
healthier and in a stronger position to face increasing global
competition.
12
Transportation and the President's agenda
Our nation's infrastructure is the most efficient and
safest in the world. But this is not a time to rest on our
laurels. Our future depends on maintaining and improving our
infrastructure to meet the demands of a global economy and a
mobile society. The President's transportation program is part
of his plan to build a better America.
The President's domestic and economic agenda is based on
three fundamental principles: expanding economic growth,
investing in the future, and providing greater opportunity for
individuals, families, and communities. Transportation
programs are central to achieving our goals in each of these
areas.
1.
Enhancing Economic Growth. The President has defined an
aggressive program to improve economic opportunity for all
Americans. His proposals include:
Controlling government borrowing based on the
guidelines in last year's budget agreement;
Savings and investment incentives such as the capital
gains tax reduction and the Family Savings Plan; and
Concluding the Uruguay Round negotiations to assure
13
our businesses access to growth markets in Europe and
Asia.
There are a number of transportation initiatives the
Administration is taking to enhance economic growth.
Through the efforts of Secretary Skinner and the
Department of Transportation, we are working to increase
the efficiency of our air traffic system. We are
negotiating to bring the benefits of deregulation to
international air travel and to provide international
service to more American cities. And we are working to
ensure healthy competition in the domestic airline
industry.
2.
Investment in the Future. The second theme of the
President's agenda is investing in the future. The
President has proposed an increase in research and
development spending of $8 billion to $76 billion.
Included in the Administration's FY 1992 budget is funding
for promising new transportation technologies such as
intelligent highway systems and magnetically levitated
trains.
In partnership with the States, the President has put
forward a bold, forward-looking set of education goals
that includes making America first in math and science
14
education by the year 2000.
The National Energy Strategy will help reduce
vulnerability to foreign suppliers. The Administration's
National Energy Strategy takes a market-based approach
that we believe is both effective and fair. We strongly
oppose non-market approaches such as the Bryan Bill's
proposed increases in Corporate Automobile Fuel Economy
standards. Such increases are not only economically
unsound, they also literally put human lives at stake by
reducing vehicle safety and thus increasing highway
deaths.
The Administration has and will continue to invest heavily
in transportation infrastructure. The President's FY 1992
budget proposes an 18 percent increase in aviation
programs to $9.3 billion, including a 27 percent increase
in funding to modernize the air traffic control system.
The Administration's Surface Transportation proposal
proposes spending $104 billion during the next five years
to ensure our highway and transit systems can meet the
demands of the 21st century.
3. Expanding opportunities for individuals and
communities. A central principle of both democracy and
free enterprise is that people are the best judges of
their own interests. Government's role is to expand
individual opportunities. This simple idea is behind much
of the President's domestic agenda. Last year we enacted
child care legislation whose emphasis is on parents making
the decisions about child care arrangements for their
children. Educational choice is demonstrating the power
of the marketplace in school systems throughout the
nation. Health and Human Service Secretary Sullivan is
leading the campaign to educate people on the importance
of taking responsibility for their health through proper
nutrition, exercise, and not smoking.
Individual mobility makes possible choice in lifestyles
and jobs. An efficient and far-reaching transportation
system is the basis of America's freedom. It is what
allows people to choose where they live and work. The
guiding force behind deregulation and the new surface
transportation bill is building a transportation system
that is adaptable to the varied needs of our country.
Surface Transportation Reauthorization
The reauthorization of the Surface Transportation Act
provides an opportunity to assess the success of our highway
program and set goals for the future. President Eisenhower's
original vision for the Interstate Highway System was a system
to "relieve existing congestion, to provide for the expected
17
and where appropriate expanding our highway system to ensure
that it is structurally sound and meets the needs of a mobile
society in an increasingly global economy.
You will hear more about the specifics of the highway bill
later in today's conference. I would like, however, to discuss
some of the fundamental principles behind our proposal. As you
will see, these are the same principles the President has
applied to developing his other domestic initiatives.
First, invest for the future. Our proposal calls for
spending over $104 billion between 1992 and 1996, with $88
billion for highways. During the next five years, highway
spending will increase by 39 percent, transit capital spending
by 25 percent, and highway safety spending by 34 percent.
Second, focus Federal funds on national needs. The new
150,000 mile National Highway System will consist of the
current 44,000 mile interstate system and other roads of
national significance. The NHS will concentrate Federal funds
on those roads that are most important to interstate commerce,
intercity travel, and national defense. A 700,000 mile Urban
and Rural system will provide a lower level of Federal matching
funding for other non-local roads.
A third principle is to lodge decision-making at State and
18
local levels where possible. The proposal calls for allowing
States the choice to select which projects to fund. It also
allows States and regional transit authorities the flexibility
to use funds for either highways or transit systems. By
allowing State and local authorities to decide how funds are
spent, those closest to the situation rather than remote
bureaucrats can make the decisions. It is worth noting that
with this additional responsibility comes new accountability.
The Highway proposal would require States to implement systems
to ensure roads are properly maintained.
The fourth principle is reliance on market forces and user
fees. The Highway bill would allow Federal matching funds to
be used for the first time for toll roads. It is interesting
to note that President Eisenhower's original concept was a
self-funding Interstate System based on user fees. Our
proposal would encourage greater use of private funds, tapping
a new capital source for our road system. An innovative
feature of the proposal permits States to experiment with peak
congestion pricing to help decrease traffic delays.
Our matching share proposal involves all four of these
principles: increasing investment, focusing Federal funding on
national needs, placing decision making at the State and local
level, and greater reliance on market forces and user fees.
The matching share figures in the proposal concentrates Federal
19
funds and investment on the highways of greater national
significance. While our proposal increases total Federal
funding for highways, it also asks States for greater
participation for roads that are of importance for local, but
not national, needs. The bill provides the means for States to
raise new funds through incentives for toll roads and loosening
restrictions on private financing.
The Federal highway program has been one of the great
successes of the last 35 years. The Administration's Surface
Transportation bill builds on that success, and makes needed
changes that will lead to a more efficient, better maintained,
and safer system. Passing this legislation quickly is critical
to our country's growth and prosperity. That is why the
President on March 6 asked the Congress to pass the Surface
Transportation bill, along with the Crime bill, within 100
days.
Conclusion
Our current transportation system shows what America can
achieve when it sets a long-term goal, when it invests for the
future, and when it relies on the power of competition. As we
enter an era of increased global competition, President Bush is
committed to ensuring America will continue to have the world's
finest transportation system. It is an integral part of his
plan to prepare for the next American century.
M
Los Angeles
METRO
300-Mile Metro Rail Plan
SANTA
CLARITA
Lancaster/Palmdale
METRO BLUE LINE, Long Beach to Los Angeles
COUNTY COUNTY VENTURA
located off map
5
SYLMAR
(see inset below)
METRO RED LINE, Union Station to Wilshire/Alvarado (opens 1993),
Wilshire/Alvarado to Wilshire/Western (opens 1996),
and to Hollywood/Vine (opens 1999)
SAN
MOORPARK
FERNANDO
THE METRO GREEN LINE, Norwalk to El Segundo/LAX (opens 1994)
VALLEY
118
METRO ORANGE LINE, (opens after 2000)
PACOIMA
Currently under study/ study performed
23
210
Possible future extensions
CANOGA
170
5
PARK
BURBANK
Commuter Rail Line under development
2
NORTH
GLENDALE
101
HOLLYWOOD
210
AZUSA
SAN L.A. COUNTY BERNARDINO
PASADENA
WESTLAKE
405
HOLLYWOOD
101
SAN GABRIEL
VILLAGE
VALLEY
210
BEVERLY HILLS
EL MONTE
COVINA
SOMMING
10
EL MONTE BUSWAY
SANTA
LOS
71
MONICA
10
ANGELES
POMONA
57
MALIBU
60
CULVER
CITY
605
WHITTIER
110
60
PACIFIC OCEAN
710
5
L.A. COUNTY
LAX
42
ORANGE COUNTY
+
HARBOR FWY. BUSWAY
NORWALK
57
SAN SAN BERNARDINO
DOWNEY
COMPTON
EL SEGUNDO
SANTA CLARITA
91
91
TORRANCE
LAKEWOOD
405
LANCASTER
55
PALMDALE
LONG
103
PALOS VERDES
BEACH
22
S
SAN
N
Catalina Island
AVALON
(not to scale)
PEDRO
located 26 miles
southwest of Long Beach
405
5
May, 1991
LOS ANGELES COUNTY
Rail
Metro Rail Plan
Construction
LACTC
Corporation
Proposition A, Los Angeles County's half-cent sales tax for public transportation, was passed by county
voters in 1980. This tax currently raises more than $400 million a year. 35% of these tax revenues (about
$140 million per year) is dedicated to the construction of a rail transit system serving the entire county.
Proposition C, another half-cent sales tax, was approved by county voters in 1990 for public transportation
purposes. Effective April 1991, this tax raises an additional $400 million per year for the Metro transporta-
tion system and transit-related highway improvements.
The Metro Red Line will run underground, serving the densely populated regional core of the county; it is
being built with federal, state, private benefit assessments, and Propostion A funds.
The Metro Blue Line is already completed. This 22-mile line runs from downtown Long Beach to downtown
Los Angeles, and is entirely funded by Propostion A funds.
The Metro Green Line, funded by both Propósition A and Proposition C, will run in the middle of the I-105
Freeway. The line turns southward at LAX to serve the El Segundo employment area; in the future, plans
call for extensions north and south along the coast.
Projects are being developed in other corridors as well. The LACTC has planned routes for an east-west
rail line in the San Fernando Valley and for a line from downtown L.A. to Pasadena. Caltrans is building an
exclusive busway along the Harbor Freeway. Commuter rail service connecting Los Angeles with Simi
Valley, Santa Clarita Valley, and San Bernardino is expected to be operational by 1992. Commuter rail
service into Riverside and Orange Counties is also planned for the near future.
For more information, please call the LACTC/RCC rail hotline:
(213) 620-RAIL
Stephanie
or write to
LOS ANGELES COUNTY TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION
818 West Seventh Street, Suite 1100
Los Angeles, CA 90017
The Rail Construction Corporation is a subsidiary of the Los Angeles County Transportation Commission
The Metro Green Line
T
he Metro Green Line, the first
Stations in the center of the new
In 1990, voters added another
Vehicles: Each rail car will
fully automated rail rapid
Glenn Anderson Freeway (I-105)
half-cent to the sales tax to
accommodate 200 standing and
transit line in the United States,
will offer access via stairs,
support more rail transit initia-
seated passengers; the length is
will become a vital part of Los
escalators, or elevators. Conve-
tives, including the Green Line's
approximately 90 feet.
Angeles County's 300-mile
nient bus service will be avail-
North Coast Extension.
Length of Line: 23 miles
passenger network.
able at each rail transit passen-
The Commission's subsidiary,
(16.5 miles from Norwalk to
It builds upon the proven suc-
ger station.
the Rail Construction Corpora-
El Segundo down the center of
cesses of the Metro Blue Line,
A carpool lane will run on either
tion, (RCC), was created in 1989
the I-105 Freeway; the North
with one key exception: it's
side of the rail line down the
to manage the design and
Coast segment to LAX and
completely automated. Train
Glenn Anderson Freeway (for-
construction of the Los Angeles
Westchester is three miles;
operations will be controlled
merly called the "Century Free-
Metro Rail System.
the southern segment into El
totally by a unique computer
way"), which opens in the fall of
Segundo is 3.5 miles.)
system based at Metro's Central
1993.
Key Features:
Fares: The price will be compa-
Control Facility on Imperial
Passengers can easily transfer
Security: Each station will be
rable to bus fares. Passengers
Highway in South Los Angeles.
from the Metro Green Line
monitored 24 hours-a-day by
will buy tickets from self-service
Only three other transit rail
northward to Los Angeles via
closed-circuit cameras. Armed
machines in the passenger
operations in the world currently
the Metro Blue Line. At the
transit police will patrol the line.
stations. Monthly passes will
operate in a completely auto-
downtown Blue Line 7th and
Passenger Assistance: Roving
also be available.
mated mode: Vancouver,
Flower Streets' terminal, riders
attendants will assist passengers
Travel Time: 35 minutes,
Canada; London, England; and
can change to the Metro Red
with boarding, paying fares,
Norwalk to El Segundo.
Lille, France.
Line, now under construction,
directions and security. Raised
Speed: Up to 65 miles per hour.
This innovation offers a distinct
and travel through Hollywood to
station platforms will facilitate
advantage to Metro passengers,
the San Fernando Valley.
access by handicapped passen-
Operations Begin: Fall, 1994.
allowing trains to run more
The initial rail transit network
gers to the cars.
Funding: Proposition A. (Los
frequently in order to serve more
was funded in 1980, when Los
Angeles County voters ap-
Frequency: Trains will come
passengers. During peak com-
Angeles County voters passed
proved increasing sales taxes by
every two-and-one-half min-
muter hours, Green Line trains
Proposition A, the half-cent
half a cent for public transit in
utes-or as closely as possible
will board riders every two-and-
sales tax for public transit.
1980.) Proposition C (Voters
to this arrival time-during rush
one-half minutes-or as fre-
Thirty-five percent of these
also approved a new half-cent
hours; every five minutes in non-
quently as possible-on the
funds propel the design, con-
rush hours (particularly on the
addition in 1990, making pos-
main Norwalk to El Segundo line.
struction, and operation of the
sible the construction of the
branch lines), and run daily from
On the two branches, boarding
rail network, administered by the
North Coast Extension.)
early morning until after mid-
will occur approximately every
Los Angeles County Transporta-
night.
five minutes.
tion Commission (LACTC).
M
Los Angeles Metro Green Line
METRO
Norwalk-El Segundo-Westchester
MANCHESTER AVE
WESTCHESTER
CUDAHY
PICO
BELL GARDENS
RIVERA
INGLAWOOD
5
16
WESTERN
VERMONT
SAN PEDRO AVE
AVALON BLVD.
FIRES TONE
FIRESTONE BLVD
SOUTH GATE
15
LAX
LAX GATEWAY
NOUNTAIN
CENTURY HAWTHORNE BLVD
ST.
10
VERMONT
103RD
ALAMEDA
DOWNEY
ST.
9
IMPERIAL HWY.
7
4
LONG BEACH
6
LENNO
5
LYNWOOD
3
ATLANTIC AVE.
710
8
605
POTUS
EL SEGUNDO
HAWTHORNE
MARIPOSA SEGUNDO 11 12
EL SEGUNDO BLVD
HARBOR FWY.
AVE WILMINGTON AVE. AVALON
LOS ANGELES RIVER/
IMPERIAL HWY.
here
1
13
CENTRAL
WIL
FL
DOUGLAS
ROSECRANS AVE
LAKEWOOD 2
NORWALK
MARINE
14
MARINE AVE
OCEAN PACIFIC
HAWTHRONE BLVD.
CRENSHAW BLVD
COMPTOM BLVD.
COMPTON
MANHATTAN BEACH
BEACH BLVD
110
AVIATION BLVD.
COMPTON
PARAMOUNT
MANHATTAN BEACH BLVD
REDONDO
SANGABRIEL RIVER STUDEBANG
ALONDRA BLVD.
SERULVEDA BLVD.
REDONDO
BELLFLOWER
BEACH
LAWNDAL
GARDENA
CARSON
ARTESIA BLVD
91
405
TORRANCE
HERMOSA
ARTESIA
LONG BEACH
BEACH
S
ixteen passenger rail stations will
separate 3.5-mile segment, will carry
Avenue. Transfer point to the
Boulevard and 111th Street.
serve thousands of citizens daily
rail commuters into that city's major
Metro Blue Line, running from
10. AVIATION: Aviation Boulevard
when the Metro Green Line opens in
employment area; ultimately, it may
Long Beach to Downtown Los
and Imperial Highway. Transfer to
1994. The 23-mile line begins in
also run to Torrance.
Angeles.
airport or El Segundo.
Norwalk (Studebaker Road and the
Most of the passenger rail stations
5. AVALON: Avalon Boulevard and
11. MARIPOSA: Mariposa Avenue
San Gabriel River Freeway, I-605),
offer easy connection to bus services.
117th Street.
and Nash Street.
runs along the center of the I-105
Park-and-ride lots will be provided at
6. HARBOR FREEWAY: Harbor
(Glenn Anderson Freeway), and then
14 stations.
12. EL SEGUNDO: El Segundo
Freeway and 117th Street.
Boulevard and Nash Street.
branches in two directions at Aviation
I.
STUDEBAKER: Studebaker
Transfer to the Harbor Freeway
Boulevard and Imperial Highway.
Road and San Gabriel River
Transitway, a partially-elevated
13. DOUGLAS: Douglas Street.
The "North Coast" Extension, a three-
Freeway (I-605).
bus/car pool route scheduled to
14. MARINE: Freeman Avenue and
mile segment, will provide transporta-
2.
LAKEWOOD: Lakewood Boule-
open in 1994.
Marine Avenue.
tion links with Los Angeles Interna-
vard and Imperial Highway.
7. VERMONT: Vermont Boulevard
15. LAX GATEWAY: Century Boule-
tional Airport and the Westchester
and 117th Street.
vard and 98th Street.
3. LONG BEACH: Long Beach
community. Plans call for a future
Boulevard and Imperial Highway.
8. CRENSHAW: Crenshaw Boule-
16. WESTCHESTER: Westchester
Metro Rail link with Marina Del Rey.
4. IMPERIAL/WILMINGTON:
vard and 119th Street.
Parkway and Sepulveda Boule-
vard.
The "South" El Segundo Extension, a
Imperial Highway and Wilmington
9. HAWTHORNE: Hawthorne
Transp.
D ofence & with sec. role
Federal role 118,164,169
Highways 169,185
Proposed ligislation 824
DOT.
aviation adm, Federal
Coast Good
Highley Troffic Safetyadem.
St Lawrent Seavary
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Date
Time 2:37
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you start to lose some of the international
hear this one-sided propaganda machine
Remarks Announcing the Proposed
And to do it, we must invest in our
Surface Transportation Assistance Act
future. So, we're investing $105 billion in
support?
cranking out a lot of myths and false-
The Defense Minister. There are a lot of
hoods-but I don't think the world is
of 1991
our transportation infrastructure over the
next 5 years. Highway investment will in-
considerations that have to be taken into
buying it, frankly.
February 13, 1991
crease by 39 percent to $20 billion by 1996.
account. We have great respect and confi-
The Defense Minister. We didn't see
dence in General Schwarzkopf, in the mili-
many television pictures of the casualties in
Mr. Secretary; a special welcome to Sena-
And funds for capital investment in mass
transit will increase by 25 percent. And
tary judgments that he will make on the
Kuwait, did we?
tors Riegle and Moynihan, Congressman
The President. No. It's still going on.
Larry Coughlin; and let me just welcome all
we've proposed a 34 percent increase in
ground. He talks closely to our commanders
there as well, which is very valuable to us.
The Defense Minister. And of the civil-
of you to the White House. It's great to
funding for highway safety programs over
And we appreciate very much-and, obvi-
ians and the tens of thousands of civilians
have you here. And it's great for me to be
the next 5 years.
ously my relationship with Secretary
that must have lost their lives there?
with our able Secretary of Transportation,
The future of Americans' transportation
Cheney, but particularly the President's ex-
The President. No, I think we're right on
whose baby we are unveiling here.
rest on the new foundation that we're
cellent habit of keeping in very close touch
track-right on track and very proud to be
Thirty-five years ago, President Eisen-
laying today. Building on the success of the
hower envisioned an interstate highway
interstate system, this bill provides for the
with Prime Minister John Major. And so, as
far as I can say for the United Kingdom, the
identified with you all in this enterprise.
system that today is a reality. And his idea
designation of a new national highway
cooperation couldn't be closer. And we
fueled development in this country for a
system which concentrates Federal dollars
know, I think all of us, in our hearts, a
Note: The exchange began at 2:05 p.m. in
on the rehabilitation and improvement of
whole range of issues that have to be taken
the Oval Office at the White House. The
generation and united the States as never
before-economically, politically, and social-
our most critical highways. It creates a new
into account before the President will un-
Defense Minister referred to Secretary of
urban-rural block grant that will streamline
ly. So, take a look at any map in our coun-
doubtedly have to reach a very important
Defense Dick Cheney; Brent Scowcroft, As-
try, and you'll see President Eisenhower's
narrow highway grant programs into a
judgment.
sistant to the President for National Securi-
legacy for a strong America.
larger, more flexible block grant.
Q. But right now do you think they have
ty Affairs; Gen. H. Norman Schwarzkopf,
Today the interstate system is virtually
The legislation will reduce the backlog of
the balance?
commander of the U.S. forces in the Persian
complete, and Americans enjoy unequaled
bridges needing repair and replacement. It
The Defense Minister. Oh, I think there's
Gulf; and Lt. Gen. Frederick M. Franks, Jr.,
mobility. But in the years since its construc-
promotes efficiency by cutting redtape for
some work to be done.
and Maj. Gen. Isaac Dixon Smith, com-
tion began, there have been major demo-
the trucking industry. The bill also focuses
Q. Mr. President, do you feel there is
manding general and deputy chief of staff
graphic shifts and travel changes in our
attention on the needs of our cities, where
pressure to get it over with? Either internal
for personnel, 1st Armored Division, U.S.
country. And we have a remarkable high-
millions of our citizens depend on public
or international?
Army Europe and 7th Army.
way system, but as Sam has told you and
transit. Mass transit in urban areas will be
The President. I'm not going to take any
certainly told me, much of it needs im-
maintained and improved. And under this
questions here. But I must-like to identify
provement. And we need to move forward
legislation, funding for it will become more
myself with the remark we've just heard
to meet the transportation needs of the
stable and equitable.
here. [Inaudible]
coming generations. It's time to take the
Our approach will provide States and lo-
The Defense Minister. We've got a
Nomination of Catherine Yi-yu Cho
first step on the long road that lies ahead.
calities with flexibility to select which high-
change of shift.
Woo To Be a Member of the National
And the status quo will simply not get us
ways will receive targeted Federal dollars,
The President. This may be some of your
Council on the Arts
there.
and States and localities will be able to
troops coming in.
February 12, 1991
Economic competition in the 21st centu-
choose whether to spend Federal dollars on
The Defense Minister. [Inaudible]
ry is going to be tougher than ever before.
transit or highway solutions. As never
The President. I think so.
The President today announced his inten-
We can help build competitiveness and im-
before, we are encouraging creative new
The Defense Minister. But it's been very
tion to nominate Catherine Yi-yu Cho Woo,
prove the links between workers and jobs
financing and management by the States.
useful to be able to see that exchange of
of California, to be a member of the Nation-
and goods and markets. Already, transporta-
This bill is a good one. And we believe it
views.
al Council on the Arts for the remainder of
tion accounts for about 20 percent of total
will draw broad support from all sectors:
The President. I think there's a conscien-
the term expiring September 3, 1994. She
consumer spending. And we've got to find
the States, the cities, the transportation in-
tious effort on his part to try to raise the
would succeed Marvin Hamlisch.
ways to expand our nation's mobility for
dustry, and the Congress. And as part of
propaganda value-accusing us of indis-
Since 1969 Dr. Woo has been a professor
urban Americans, for rural Americans, and
this administration's national transportation
criminate bombing of civilians. And it's
of Chinese in the department of classical
for Americans with disabilities who are on
policy, it will move us into the next Ameri-
simply not true. And what's overlooked is
the-a lot of the brutality that's so evident
and Oriental languages and literatures at
the move.
can century. With this legislation, America
San Diego State University in California.
So, today we're unveiling a blueprint for
is on the road to expanded productivity,
and so purposeful on his part-the treat-
Dr. Woo graduated from San Diego State
a national highway system. This map ex-
more jobs, and a strengthened infrastruc-
ment of the prisoners-the Scud missile at-
College (B.A., 1968), California State Uni-
plains it. Sam has been, I understand, brief-
ture for a stronger United States.
tacks have no military value-the environ-
mental terrorism has not taken human life
versity (M.A., 1972), and the University of
ing on that here. We've designed new legis-
Sam, you've been dubbed the "road war-
San Francisco (Ed.D., 1981). She was born
lation-the Surface Transportation Assist-
rior." [Laughter] I don't know whether it's
yet, but it's pretty bad. And we are doing
May 23, 1935, in Peking, China. She is mar-
ance Act-to reform existing highway pro-
just by yourself or by all the rest of us, but
the right thing. And I'm just delighted with
the cooperation. And we are on track. And
ried, has two children, and resides in San
grams and increase funding for what works,
nevertheless, I-[laughter]-since you've al-
I think most of the world knows it. But to
to prepare for the next American century.
ready been dubbed that, I want you-and I
Diego.
169
168
see we've got some heavyweights here in
of life. Indeed, he, time and again, has
1989, and as Deputy Director of Advance,
[Filed
with
17.0
Uffice of the Federal Regis-
the front rows-to ask for their support. But
shown a willingness to sacrifice civilian lives
1986-1987 and 1984-1985. He served as a
ter, 12:43 p.m., February 15, 1991]
I really hope that you can bring back a bill
and property that further his war aims.
confidential assistant to the Director at the
that I can enthusiastically sign this fall or
Civilian hostages were moved in Novem-
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1985-1986.
perhaps sooner. I don't know what your leg-
ber and December to military sites for use
Mr. Keller has served in the Office of the
islative schedule is.
as human shields. POW's reportedly have
Vice President as a lead advance represent-
But in any event, I think we're off to a
been placed at military sites. Roving bands
ative, 1982-1984, and as a volunteer ad-
Executive Order 12751-Health Care
good start. And I'm grateful to you and the
of execution squads search out deserters
vance representative, 1981-1982. Mr.
for Operation Desert Storm
people at the Department of Transportation
among his own ranks of servicemen. Com-
Keller has served at the George Bush for
who have put so much of their hearts and
mand and control centers in Iraq have been
President campaign as the scheduling and
February 14, 1991
souls into formulating this new approach.
placed on top of schools and public build-
advance coordinator, 1979-1980. His work
By the authority vested in me as Presi-
So, to all of you who have been a part of-
ings. Tanks and other artillery have been
experience has allowed him to travel over
dent by the Constitution and the laws of
placed beside private homes and small vil-
one million miles and has taken him to
direct or indirect-my sincere thanks.
the United States of America, including the
We're going to work hard to make this
lages. And only this morning we have docu-
more than 70 foreign countries and every
National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601
mentation that two MIG 21's have been
State in the nation.
become a reality. And thanks for coming
parked near the front door of a treasured
Mr. Keller graduated from Iowa State
et seq.), section 5011A of title 38 of the
over here today.
United States Code, and pursuant to the
And God bless you all. Thank you very,
archeologic site which dates back to the
University (B.A., 1982). He was born August
national emergency declared with respect
27th century B.C.
10, 1958, in Washington, DC. Mr. Keller is
very much.
His environmental terrorism spreads
married and resides in Alexandria, VA.
to Iraq in Executive Order No. 12722 of
August 2, 1990, it is hereby ordered that, in
Note: The President spoke at 10:34 a.m. in
throughout the Persian Gulf, killing wildlife
the event that the Department of Veterans
Room 450 of the Old Executive Office
and threatening human water supplies. And
Affairs is requested by the Department of
Building. In his remarks, he referred to Sec-
finally, Saddam Hussein aims his Scud mis-
Executive Order 12750-Designation of
Defense to furnish care and services to
retary of Transportation Samuel K. Skinner.
siles at innocent civilians in Israel and Saudi
Arabian Peninsula Areas, Airspace, and
members of the United States Armed
Arabia. He kills civilians intentionally and
Adjacent Waters as the Persian Gulf
Forces on active duty in Operation Desert
with purpose.
Desert Shield Area
Storm, the Secretary of Veterans Affairs
Saddam Hussein created this war. He cre-
February 14, 1991
may, pursuant to this order, enter into con-
ated the military bunkers. And he can bring
tracts with private facilities for the provi-
Statement by Press Secretary Fitzwater
the war to an end. We urge him once again
on Allied Bombing in Baghdad
By the authority vested in me as Presi-
sion of hospital care and medical services
to save his people and to comply with the
dent by the Constitution and the laws of
for veterans to the fullest extent authorized
February 13, 1991
U.N. resolutions.
the United States of America, including sec-
by section 5011A(b) (1)-(2) of title 38 of the
Thank you very much.
tion 7508 of the Internal Revenue Code of
United States Code.
Last night, coalition forces bombed a mili-
1986 (26 U.S.C. 7508), I hereby designate,
tary command and control center in Bagh-
Note: Press Secretary Fitzwater read the
George Bush
for purposes of that section, the following
dad that, according to press reports, result-
statement to reporters at 11:47 a.m. in the
locations, including the air space above such
The White House,
ed in a number of civilian casualties.
Briefing Room at the White House.
locations, as the Persian Gulf Desert Shield
February 14, 1991.
The loss of civilian lives in time of war is
area in which any individual who per-
a truly tragic consequence. It saddens ev-
formed Desert Shield services (including
eryone to know that innocent people may
the spouse of such individual) is entitled to
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Regis-
have died in the course of military conflict.
Nomination of John G. Keller, Jr., To
the benefits of section 7508 of the Internal
ter, 12:44 p.m., February 15, 1991]
America treats human life as our most pre-
Revenue Code of 1986:
cious value. That is why even during this
Be an Under Secretary of Commerce
military conflict in which the lives of our
February 13, 1991
-the Persian Gulf
service men and women are at risk, we will
-the Red Sea
not target civilian facilities. We will contin-
The President today announced his inten-
-the Gulf of Oman
ue to hit only military targets. The bunker
tion to nominate John G. Keller, Jr., of the
-that portion of the Arabian Sea that lies
Appointment of John Kenneth
that was attacked last night was a military
District of Columbia, to be Under Secretary
north of 10 degrees north latitude and
Blackwell as United States
target, a command and control center that
of Commerce for Travel and Tourism at the
west of 68 degrees east longitude
Representative on the United Nations
fed instructions directly to the Iraqi war
Department of Commerce. He would suc-
-the Gulf of Aden
Commission on Human Rights
machine, painted and camouflaged to avoid
ceed Rockwell Anthony Schnabel.
-the total land area of Iraq, Kuwait,
February 14, 1991
detection, and well-documented as a mili-
Since 1989, Mr. Keller has served as
Saudi Arabia, Oman, Bahrain, Qatar,
tary target. We have been systematically at-
Deputy Assistant to the President and Di-
and the United Arab Emirates.
The President today announced his inten-
tacking these targets since the war began.
rector of Presidential Advance. Prior to this,
tion to appoint John Kenneth Blackwell, of
George Bush
We don't know why civilians were at this
Mr. Keller served in the Office of the Vice
Ohio, to be the Representative of the
location, but we do know that Saddam Hus-
President as Deputy Assistant to the Vice
The White House,
United States on the Human Rights Com-
sein does not share our value in the sanctity
President and Director of Advance, 1987-
February 14, 1991.
mission of the Economic and Social Council
171
170
M
FACT SHEET
METRO
LACTC
LOS ANGELES COUNTY TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION 818 West 7th. St., Suite 1100, Los Angeles, CA. 90017
THE METRO GREEN LINE
The 23-mile Metro Green Line will begin in Norwalk and run 16.5 miles west in the center
of the I-105 (Glenn Anderson Freeway) and then branch in two directions at Aviation
Boulevard and Imperial Highway. The three-mile North Coast Branch will extend on its
own aerial guideway from Aviation/Imperial to Westchester Boulevard and Sepulveda
Boulevard. The 3.5-mile El Segundo Branch will extend south to Freeman Avenue at
Marine Avenue.
The entire route of the Metro Green Line, including the El Segundo Branch and the North
Coast Branch will open together in the fall of 1994. The freeway opens in 1993.
Riding the Metro Green Line:
The Metro Green Line will be the first fully automated rapid transit line in the United
States. Only three other transit operations in the world have computer-operated, driverless
systems in service: Vancouver, Canada; London, England; and Lille, France.
Stations in the center of the new freeway will be accessible either by stairs, escalators or
elevators. Buses will serve each of 16 stations. A carpool lane will run on either side of the
rail line in the Century Blvd. segment. Modern overhead wires, safely well above ground,
will feed electrical power to high-speed rail cars.
Passengers may transfer from the Metro Green Line to the Long Beach-Los Angeles Metro
Blue Line at a shared station, located at Wilmington Avenue and Imperial Highway. The
Metro Blue Line carries northbound passengers downtown, ending at the Metro Red Line.
The Metro Red Line will link the center of metropolitan Los Angeles, through Hollywood,
with the San Fernando Valley.
Leading the Way to Greater Mobility
THE METRO GREEN LINE
Fact Sheet
Page 2
Contracting Information:
Building the Metro Green Line includes trackwork and track bed installation, station
construction, aerial structures, utility relocation, signal and switching equipment, rail vehicle
contracts and landscaping.
Estimated cost: $886 million.
Key Features:
Security:
Each station will be monitored 24 hours a day by closed-circuit
cameras. Armed police will patrol the line.
Passenger:
Roving attendants will assist passengers with boarding, paying
Assistance
directions and security.
Frequency:
Trains will come every two minutes in rush hour; every six
minutes in non-rush hours, and run daily from early morning to
after midnight.
Vehicles:
84 to 90-feet long with room to accommodate 150 standing and
seated passengers.
Length of:
23 miles.
Line
Fares:
Price will be comparable to bus fares. Passengers will buy
tickets from self-service machines in stations. Monthly passes
will be sold.
Travel Time:
35 minutes
Speed:
Up to 65 miles per hour
Operations Begin: Fall 1994
Funding:
From Proposition A and Proposition C monies
(MORE)
THE METRO GREEN LINE
Fact Sheet
Page 3
Metro Green Line Stations:
Freeway Corridor:
Studebaker Road and 605 Freeway: has park-and-ride lot with 2058 spaces
Lakewood Boulevard and Imperial Highway: has park-and-ride lot with 545 spaces
Long Beach Boulevard and Imperial Highway: has park-and-ride lot with 650 spaces
Imperial Highway and Wilmington Avenue: has park-and-ride lot with 976 spaces.
Transfer point to Long Beach-Los Angeles Metro Blue Line.
Avalon Boulevard and 117th Street: has park-and-ride lot with 152 spaces.
Harbor Freeway and 117th Street: has park-and-ride lot with 410 spaces. Future
connection to Harbor Freeway Transitway.
Vermont Boulevard and 117th Street: has park-and-ride lot with 290 spaces.
Crenshaw Boulevard and 119th Street: has park-and-ride lot with 500 spaces.
Hawthorne Boulevard and 111th Street: has park-and-ride lot with 606 spaces.
Aviation Boulevard and Imperial Highway: has park-and-ride lot with 800 spaces and
shuttle service to LAX. The line branches in two directions here.
Southern Branch to El Segundo:
Mariposa Avenue and Nash Street: the Metro Green Line continues on an aerial
guideway to the next two stations.
El Segundo Boulevard and Nash Street
Douglas Street
Freeman Avenue: has park-and-ride lot with about 350 spaces. South Branch
temporarily ends here. An 8.3 mile South Bay spur may be added later.
(MORE)
THE METRO GREEN LINE
Fact Sheet
Page 4
Possible station sites for the South Bay Spur would be:
166th Street/Hawthorne Boulevard
Artesia Boulevard (The Galleria Shopping Center)
190th Street (Old Towne Mall)
Del Amo Fashion Center
Alternative terminus alignments were identified for sites at:
Crenshaw Boulevard/Lomita Boulevard
Skypark Drive/Madison Street
Skypark Drive/Garnier Street
The Southern Branch would add approximately 13,000 daily riders to the Metro Green Line.
North Coast Branch:
Century Boulevard and 98th Street
Westchester Parkway and Sepuleveda Boulevard. The North Coast Branch
temporarily ends here. Future plans call for a continuation of the Metro Green Line
to Culver Boulevard in Marina Del Rey. This three-mile segment will have stations
at Manchester Boulevard, Jefferson Boulevard and Culver Boulevard.
# # #
3:GREENFCT.DOC
CP:pls:04.09.91
Her Betsy Anderson X2774
9/5/91
Pol Development
Surface Transportation Proposal
I.
Importance of Transportation
Americans traveling more than ever. Average
American travels 8,000 miles/year, up from 3,350
in 1950 and 1,800 in 1929.
Transportation system vital link for
international competitiveness in a global
economy.
$3.8 trillion in goods moved last year,
eight times greater than in 1960.
II.
U.S. has developed the most advanced transportation
infrastructure in the world through: strong
investment, partnership with State and local
governments and private sector, and reliance on market
forces.
U.S. has 66 percent more roads/person than
France, almost 3 times as many as Japan.
U.S. has virtually completed Interstate Highway
System.
U.S. has invested heavily in transportation
infrastructure. Since 1977 Federal, State, and
local governments have spent over $1 trillion (in
1990 dollars) on our highway, transit, and air
traffic system. That is approximately $4,000 per
person.
Success of deregulation in airlines, trucking and
railroads has given us a more efficient
transportation system.
III.
Key principles of U.S. transportation policy are
reflected in the Administration's Surface
Transportation Proposal
Investing for the future
Increases Federal highway spending by 39
percent during next five years.
Creating opportunities for decision-making at
State and local level, where possible.
PeR Betsy Anderson X2774 9/5/91
Provide new flexibility to States to best
decide how to use funds. For example,
provides choice to use money for highway or
transit needs.
Building partnership with private sector
Innovative measures to encourage private
investment and toll roads, including first
ever Federal match on toll roads.
Focusing Federal funds on national needs
National Highways System for roads critical
to interstate commerce
Urban and rural program for other roads
Bridge program to maintain critical
infrastructure component
IV.
Administration challenged Congress to pass the bill by
June 14.
Version of the transportation bill passed by the
Senate raises several serious concerns. For
example, Senate bill contains higher spending
levels than those proposed by the Administration,
which could result in reductions in other
important transportation programs.
Senate bill also fails to focus Federal funds
sufficiently on national needs by failing to
provide sufficient dedicated funding for the
National Highway System.
House Public Works Committee withdrew its
transportation bill from consideration after it
became clear that a proposed 5-cent per gallon
increase in the federal gasoline tax lacked
votes necessary for passage. No further action
has been taken by the House since then. The
President has stated that he will veto any bill
containing such a federal gasoline tax increase.
V.
Conclusion
Transportation infrastructure is essential for future
U.S. competitiveness in a global economy. New Highway
bill is critical part of the President's domestic
agenda, reflecting the President's commitment to build
transportation infrastructure that will carry us into
the 21st century.
PRESIDENT BUSH'S DOMESTIC LEGISLATIVE PRIORITIES
When Congress adjourned for Summer recess on August 2, 1991,
it had passed 109 pieces of legislation. Among the highlights of
the legislation the Congress has labored to produce:
44 citations for commemorative days, months, or years;
11 bills resulting from Operation Desert Shield/Storm;
6 pieces of legislation to name public buildings;
5 related to the federal government's relationship with the
District of Columbia;
And 43 pieces of legislation covering everything from
appropriation bills
to monuments and memorials
to
land-related bills
to commissions. But they did not pass a
crime bill, a highway bill, an education bill, an energy strategy
or a banking reform plan.
CRIME:
The comprehensive crime package calls for laws that are
fair, fast and final. This package includes stiff penalties for
criminals using semiautomatic weapons; an improved exclusionary
rule; habeas corpus reforms; tougher punishment for drug kingpins
who threaten federal witnesses, jurors, or judges; and the death
penalty for criminals who kill law enforcement officers. It also
calls for new protections for witnesses and abused children,
rules making it easier to prosecute those who commit sexual
violence against women and children, mandatory HIV testing of
accused sex offenders, and a guarantee of a victim's right to
address the court at sentencing.
TRANSPORTATION:
The proposed transportation legislation would improve this
nation's infrastructure using market mechanisms to allocate
resources; divide responsibility between Federal, State, and
Local governments and the private sector; and improve safety in a
cost=effective manner.
The President has threatened to veto both the House and
Senate bills because of proposed increases in appropriations,
little support of the National Highway System, an increase in the
gas tax, and a large amount of earmarked projects.
The 109 pieces of legislation mentioned earlier included
bills to fund more than 450 "demonstration projects."
o
An example of one these projects is a "hybrid fuel cell
project" in Indiana. Neither the Federal Highway
Administration or the Indiana Department of
Transportation know what this project is about.
Another example is a House bill that would authorize $5
million to reimburse the state of North Carolina for
repair of the Bonner Bridge near Cape Hatteras.
However, FHWA had already made available $5.4 million
in emergency relief funds for the same reason. And
this is coupled with the fact the state is taking legal
action to recover damages from the owners and insurers
of the barge involved in the accident.
These are blatant examples of the type of pork barrel spending
that is weighing down a badly needed transportation bill.
EDUCATION:
The America 2000 Excellence in Education Act is an effort to
move America's education system into the 21st century. The
America 2000 strategy has four parts:
1.
For today's students, we must make existing schools
better and more accountable.
2.
For tomorrow's students, we must invent new schools to
meet the demands of a new century -- a New Generation
of American Schools, bringing at least 535 of them into
existence by 1996, and thousands by decade's end.
3.
For the adults who think their school days are over,
we've got to become a nation of students -- recognizing
learning as a lifelong process.
4.
Finally, outside our schools we must cultivate
communities where learning can happen.
ENERGY:
The National Energy Strategy calls for energy conservation
and efficiency; increased development, and greater use of
alternative fuels. This strategy would advance the national
interest by securing adequate energy supplies over the long term
at a reasonable cost; reducing our vulnerability to oil market
disruptions; and exerting U.S. leadership in energy research,
science, and technology.
BANKING:
The Administration's banking reform plan will revamp
America's financial system so that our banks remain safe and
secure and can continue to make job-creating loans for our
factories, our businesses and our home-buyers. The
Administration's proposals are:
Expanded bank powers, including securities and
insurance powers.
Commercial ownership of banks.
Interstate banking and branching.
Recapitalization of the Bank Insurance Fund.
Restructuring the financial regulatory framework.
Reduction of the deposit insurance safety net.
September 11, 1991
MEMORANDUM FOR CURT SMITH
FROM:
MICHELE NIX
SUBJECT:
QUOTES/ANECDOTES FOR TRANSPORTATION EVENT
Attached is what I found in the way of quotes/anecdotes re
transportation and/or government waste. There wasn't much in the
anecdote/quote books. What I found is attached.
I'm also working with Correspondence Analysis should they find
any good anecdotes from their letters. I will hear from them
tonight at home or tomorrow morning.
Let me know if any of this works.
'91-06-16 18:03 DOUG GAMBLE
P.3
DOUG GAMBLE
424 - 36th Place
Manhattan Beach, CA 90266
June 17/91
(213) 546-6409
TO: CHRISTINA MARTIN
STATE HIGHWAY OFFICIALS (Mark Lange)
I MENTIONED TO ONE OF MY GRANDKIDS THAT I'D BE SPEAKING TO STATE HIGHWAY
OFFICIALS FROM ALL OVER THE COUNTRY. HE INSISTED ON COMING WITH ME UNTIL
I FINALLY CONVINCED HIM THAT NONE OF YOU KNOW "THE ROADRUNNER" PERSONALLY.
I'M IMPRESSED WITH THE DEDICATION OF THE NATION'S HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE CREWS.
I CAN'T IMAGINE HOW EARLY THEY HAVE TO GET UP IN THE MORNING IN ORDER TO
GET THE HIGHWAYS NARROWED DOWN TO ONE LANE IN TIME FOR RUSH HOUR.
-
THE STATE OF SOME OF OUR HIGHWAYS WAS DEFLECTED IN AN URDATED VERSION or AN
OLD SONG I HEARD THE OTHER DAY. "YOU TAKE THE HIGH ROAD AND I'LL TAKE THE
LOW ROAD, AND I'LL HIT A POTHOLE BEFORE YUH."
1 TALKED ABOUT CONGRESS PASSING LEGISLATION, INCLUDING A TRANSPORTATION BILL,
WITHIN A HUNDRED DAYS. WHEN THE TRAFFIC IS BAD, IT CAN TAKE ALMOST THAT LONG
TO GET OVER HERE FROM D.C.
*
Gov't waste
ECONOMY 73
2. Under our scheme of government the waste of public money is a
exist without
crime against the citizen, and the contempt of our people for economy
and frugality in the personal affairs deplorably saps the strength and
BERT HOOVER
sturdiness of our national character.
GROVER CLEVELAND
emoirs, II, 28
Second Inaugural Address, Mar. 4, 1893
1 advancement
ve add to the
3. The duty of economy is not debatable. It is manifest and imperative.
In the appropriations we pass we are spending the money of the great
0 means com-
on which can
people whose servants we are-not our own. We are trustees and respon-
sible stewards in the spending. The only thing debatable and upon which
we should be careful to make our thought and purpose clear is the kind
BERT HOOVER
of economy demanded of us. I assert with the greatest confidence that the
stration, p. 47
people of the United States are not jealous of the amount their Govern-
rest upon the
ment costs if they are sure that they get what they need and desire for
nomic power,
the outlay, that the money is being spent for objects of which they approve,
the top down,
and that it is being applied with good business sense and management.
bottom of the
WOODROW WILSON
Second Annual Message to Congress, Dec. 8, 1914;
0 ROOSEVELT
Messages and Papers (Shaw), I, 74
Papers, I, 625
4. After order and liberty, economy is one of the highest essentials of
e of economic
a free government.
Economy is always a guarantee of peace.
tration which
CALVIN COOLIDGE
r it had been
Speech at Northampton, Mass., May 30, 1923;
Freedom, p. 350
0 ROOSEVELT
5. With us economy is imperative. It is a full test of our national charac-
Ibid., V, 487
ter.
I am for economy. After that I am for more economy.
CALVIN COOLIDGE
nt, acting on
ibility for the
Speech in Washington, D.C., June 30, 1924;
Foundations, pp. 41, 47
Y S. TRUMAN
6. I favor the policy of economy, not because I wish to save money, but
an. 21, 1946;
because I wish to save people. The men and women of this country who
1946, p. 51
toil are the ones who bear the cost of the Government. Every dollar that
we carelessly waste means that their life will be so much the more
Freedom 18,
meager.
Economy is idealism in its most practical form.
The wisest and soundest method of solving our tax problem is through
economy.
onsists not in
The result of economic dissipation to a nation is always moral decay.
CALVIN COOLIDGE
tional objects
Inaugural Address, Mar. 4, 1925
t the money
lly expended.
7. Economy is the method by which we prepare today to afford the
S BUCHANAN
improvements of tomorrow.
ec. 19, 1859;
CALVIN COOLIDGE
ers, p. 3104
Message to Congress, 1925; Message, p. 3
TOWN-TRAVEL
335
TOLERANT-TOURIST
TOWN
y of the southern states and in some cigars.
5947 There isn't much to be seen in a little town, but what you hear
makes up for it. Frank McKinney Hubbard
W. S. Gilbert
5948 A hick town is one where there is no place to go where you shouldn't
needs is a good five-cent cigar. Thomas
be. Alexander Woollcott
TOY
I
lie. Walter Savage Landor
5949 The child had every toy his father wanted. Robert E. Whitten
woman, but a good cigar is a smoke.
TRADITION
5950 Tradition does not mean that the living are dead but that the dead
I like it.
are live. G. K. Chesterton
ed. I like it.
5951 A tradition, like a bald head, comes with years, fast enough. D. H.
kes you lean,
Lawrence
f your bean.
I've ever seen.
TRAFFIC
mminger
5952 There is never any traffic congestion on the straight and narrow path.
Herbert V. Prochnow
TOLERANT
ce, but it is a very difficult thing to tolerate
5953 Traffic sign in eastern village: "Slow, no hospital." Anonymous
sible to tolerate the intolerable. George
TRAINING
5954 Train your child in the way you now know you should have gone
shown by a wise man when he listens to
yourself. Charles Haddon Spurgeon
Prochnow
TRANQUILLITY
TOMBSTONE
5955 Nothing contributes more to peace of mind than to have no opinions
he only thing that can stand upright and
whatever. Georg C. Lichtenberg
time. Mary Wilson Little
TRANSITION
TOMORROW
5956 It is, of course, a trite observation to say that we live "in a period
omorrow what you ought not to do at all.
of transition." Many people have said this at many times. Adam may
well have made the remark to Eve on leaving the Garden of Eden.
matic about tomorrow. Heywood Broun
Harold Macmillan
5957 When our first parents were driven out of Paradise, Adam is be-
TONGUE
lieved to have remarked to Eve: "My dear, we live in an age of
edged tool that grows keener with constant
Congestion
transition." William R. Inge
sword and she never lets it rust. Anon-
TRANSPORTATION
5958 In a subway you not only learn to think on your feet but on other
thing a mother doesn't like her daughter
people's. Anonymous
ard Brinsley Sheridan
5959 The average straphanger's complaint is one of long standing. El
eminine in Greek, Latin, Italian, Spanish,
Paso Times
istin O'Malley
TRAVEL
TORTOISE
5960 Travel is a foretaste of hell. Turkestan Proverb
ctory of the tortoise over the hare, he
5961 In America there are two classes of travel-first class, and with
arie von Ebner-Eschenbach
children. Robert Benchley
5962 See one promontory, one mountain, one sea, one river, and see all.
TOURIST
Socrates
is called a tourist. Paul Richard
476
477
ROSENTHAL
Vice President
ROOSEVELT, Theodore, Jr. (1887-1944),
enter the room. "Come now, monsieur," she
fire, he was or-
US soldier, explorer, and politician, the son of
said, "it's time for your tisane" (herbal tea).
the other guests.
President Theodore Roosevelt. He served as a
om returning to
major and lieutenant colonel in World War I
m the vice presi-
and as a brigadier general in World War II.
ROSENBLOOM, Max (1904-76), US light
Between the wars he led expeditions to Asia
heavyweight boxer, world champion in 1930.
the hotel official.
(1925, 1928-29) and was governor of Puerto
e stairs, "Wait a
Rico (1929-32) and of the Philippines (1932-
1 Called Slapsie-Maxie because of his skill as
esident of
33).
of course!"
Quote- Usable?
a deft boxer, Rosenbloom gloried in his ability
to win decisions without resorting to such
down there. I
Roosevelt had arranged to meet his wife's
crude tactics as actual knockdowns. Once one
nt of this hotel!"
train. Arriving at the railroad station at the ap-
of his open gloves made contact, and his be-
pointed time, he was dismayed to see the train
wildered opponent collapsed on the canvas.
oosevelt and his
speed past the platform without stopping. His
Bellowed Maxie, "Why, you dirty double-
Beebe would go
wife waved anxiously from the rear car, tossing
crossing rat!"
arching for a tiny
out an envelope as she passed her husband.
lation of Pegasus.
Roosevelt retrieved the envelope with some
difficulty and was amused to read the follow-
ROSENTHAL, Moriz (1862-1946), Polish-
ndromeda," they
our Milky Way. It
ing message: "Dear Ted: This train doesn't stop
born pianist. He studied with Liszt and was
court pianist to the emperor of Austria and the
laxies. It consists
each larger than
here." could build something around this
queen of Rumania. He also played for ten sea-
sons in the United States.
would turn to his
:hink we are small
ROOT, Elihu (1845-1937), US lawyer and
1 One day Rosenthal was cornered into hear-
statesman. He became secretary of state under
ing a recital given by a mediocre string quartet.
President Theodore Roosevelt and later was
When the ordeal was over, the second violinist
CS complained of
senator for New York. He won the Nobel Peace
hurried over to the maestro to hear his opinion.
oral issues in mat-
Prize in 1912.
"How did you like it?" he asked. "Excellent,"
aker of the House
lied Rosenthal. The player was still unsatisfied.
oosevelt, "If there
1 When a frail old man in his eighties, Root
"And our tempi- did they suit you?" he went
other for which I
was frequently visited by Sol M. Linowitz, who
on. "Brilliant," said Rosenthal, "brilliant-
your original dis-
used to, read to him. One day Root asked the
especially yours."
dments."
young man what he wanted to do in life. Lino-
witz replied, "I'm not sure. Maybe be a rabbi or
2 When Rosenthal heard that pianist Artur
assassination at-
perhaps a lawyer." Root's reply was immediate:
Schnabel had failed his physical for the army,
osevelt was deter-
"Be a lawyer. A lawyer needs twice as much
he said, "What did you expect? No fingers!"
peech he had been
religion as a rabbi."
{This remark is also attributed to others
this speech or die,
{Linowitz took Root's advice and be-
about others.}
red.
came a distinguished lawyer and a roving
after fifty min-
ambassador in the Carter administra-
3 Coerced into listening to a child prodigy,
e taken to hos-
tion.}
Rosenthal asked the boy how old he was.
"Seven," said the child.
"What are you going to play for me?"
the White House,
ROPS, Félicien (1833-98), French painter, en-
"The Tchaikovsky concerto, sir."
ime hunting trip to
graver, and lithographer; illustrator of poems by
"Too old!" said Ròsenthal.
$ white hunter was
Stéphane Mallarmé.
4 Rosenthal used to make fun of a fellow
nvited the man to
ome advice. After
Art dealer Ambroise Vollard had occasion
pianist much given to playing Liszt's sixth Hun-
unter came out of
to visit Rops a few years before the painter's
garian Rhapsody at a tempo Rosenthal consid-
ting dazed. "What
death. Rops warned him: "I'm expecting a
ered far too slow. On one occasion he invited
?" someone asked
woman. When the bell rings three times, you
this friend to come and see him. The man ex-
e bemused visitor
nust leave by the other end of the studio."
cused himself, saying that he did not have the
alking."
After some time the bell rang as predicted and
time. "Nonsense!" retorted Rosenthal. "If you
ollard took his leave. Glancing behind him as
have time to play the sixth rhapsody like that,
e closed the door, he saw an old housemaid
you certainly have time to pay me a visit."
2
transportation system to the development of our country.
America's economic growth is intertwined with improvements in
our transportation system.
Perhaps no one tells the story of the challenges early
America faced than the great historian and descendant of two
Presidents, Henry Adams, in his History of the United States of
America During the Jefferson Administrations. Of America's
infrastructure in 1800, Adams wrote:
"While Europe had thus consumed centuries in improving
paths of trade, until merchandise could be brought by
canal a few score miles from the Rhone to the Loire and
Seine, to the Garonne and the Rhine, and while all her
wealth and energy had not yet united the Danube with other
river systems, America was required to construct, without
delay, at least three great roads and canals, each several
hundred miles long, across mountain ranges, through a
country not yet inhabited, to points where no great
markets existed -- and this under constant peril of losing
her political union, which could not even by such
connections be with certainty secured."
Henry Adams goes on to describe what is was like on one of
the few roads that existed in 1800:
Even the lightly equipped traveller found a short journey
no slight effort. Between Boston and New York was a
3
tolerable highway, along which, thrice a week, light
stage-coaches carried passengers and the mail, in three
days. From New York a stage-coach started every week-day
for Philadelphia, consuming the greater part of two days
in the journey;
South of Philadelphia the road was
tolerable as far as Baltimore, but between Baltimore and
the new city of Washington it meandered through forests;
the driver chose the track which seemed least dangerous,
and rejoiced if in wet seasons he reached Washington
without miring or upsetting his wagon. In the Northern
States, four miles an hour was the average speed for any
coach between Bangor and Baltimore. Beyond the Potomac
the roads became steadily worse, until south of Petersburg
even the mails were carried on horseback. Except for a
stage-coach which plied between Charleston and Savannah,
no public conveyance of any kind was mentioned in the
three southernmost states."
These days, travelling with a President of the United
States is an experience that one never forgets. One cannot
help but marvel at the incredible logistical efforts involved
in Presidential travel. Life is very different than in the
early years of the Republic. As President, Thomas Jefferson
had to travel fairly often from his home at Monticello to
Washington -- about a hundred miles. In 1801, in a letter to
his Attorney General, Jefferson wrote from Monticello: "Of
4
eight rivers between here and Washington, five have neither
bridges nor boats."
It is no wonder that the word "travel" comes from the same
root as "travail." Travel and transportation meant work.
Certainly, it took a lot of work to create this country's
transportation system. In the 19th century, the development of
a national system of railroads and navigable waterways allowed
us to settle the western frontier, develop a national economy,
and become truly one country.
In the 20th century, our roads and highways have provided
the foundation for our country's growth and prosperity. Our
4,000,000 miles of roads together with our Interstate Highway
System led to the growth of suburbs, the creation of one of the
world's largest industries, automobiles, and the freedom that
comes with individual mobility.
Today transportation is the critical link in our economy
and our lives. America moves $3.8 trillion of goods per year,
eight times greater than in 1960. And Americans are more
mobile than ever before. In 1929, the average American's
inter-city travel was 1800 miles per year. By 1950, the
average had increased to 3350 miles per year. Today, Americans
average 8,000 miles per year of inter-city travel.
Improvements in auto and air travel, in roads and air traffic
(Smith/Nix)
September 11, 1991
Draft One
TRANS
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: METRO SYSTEM
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA
THURSDAY, SEPT. 19, 1991
Mayor Bradley. ( (ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS) ) Thank you for that
H
introduction, and for the chance to be a in State whose future is
now -- the Golden State of California. //
(( Before one of my aids told me I'd been invited to speak
at a transportation event, he said, "How would you like to have a
moving experience?"
))
I am moved to be here, and to receive this great reception.
I'm especially grateful that you endured L.A.'s traffic to get
here. / ((Actually, I suspect the traffic jam that Los Angeles
is most concerned about breaking up these days is the one at the
top of the National League West. )) //
I am here today because of what California is doing, and has
done, to bring sanity and common sense to urban conjestion. I
speak, particularly, of your Metro System. It shows the key to
unlocking gridlock is getting more commuters out from behind the
wheel of their cars -- and behind the idea of public
transportation. //
( (This transit line should help ease L.A.'s legendary
traffic problems. Someone told me that with the mudslides in the
hills and the traffic on the freeways, Los Angeles is one city
where the houses sometime move faster than the cars. )) //
mulh 1 J does one in any w
2
Metro System can help change that. / It is intermodal --
that is, it combines rail, car, bus, and air transportation. /
It uses high technology creatively, and dramatically -- the Green
Line is the first fully automated rapid transit line in America.
/ It is State and locally funded. What's more, it is sensitive
to the environment and will ease congestion -- utilizing bus
connections and park-and-ride facilities. //
Metro System shows that working together -- government,
business, and individuals -- there is nothing Americans can't do.
// It is also what we had in mind when, last Fenruary, I
unveiled a blueprint for American transportation in the 21st
Century. // We call it the Surface Transportation Assistance Act
(STAA). It seeks to reform existing highway programs / to
discard what doesn't work / to increase funding for what does /
in short, to make our transportation Number One. //
Our legislation will reduce the backlog of bridges needing
repairs and replacement. It promotes efficiency by cutting red
tape for the trucking industry. / The bill also focuses on the
needs of the millions of citizens whose use public transit --
mass transit in urban areas like Los Angeles will be maintained
and improved. / And under this legislation, funding for it will
become more stable and equitable. //
STAA will invest $105 billion in the transportation
infrastructure over the next five years. Highway investment will
increase by 39 per cent to $20 billion by 1996. Funds for
capital investment and mass transit will increase by 25 per cent.
3
And we've proposed a 34 per cent jump in funding for highway
safety programs. //
Last March, I challenged Congress to pass this bill in 100
days. Well, it's days and counting -- and what's the bos
-
score? Sadder than a Dodgers' loss. The House of
Representatives has produced a bill more larded down than Porky
the Pig. We want a bill that works. They want to enact a nickel
a gallon tax increase -- so that over 40 per cent of the current
gas tax can be spent on Congressional porkbarrel projects. //
I say: No way. We need a transportation system that spends
money to address local needs -- and not just support political
careers. // The fact is that more than half of all Congressional
transportation projects don't even show up on State and local
priority lists. Here's another fact: If Congress sends me a
transportation tax, I will veto it. I won't let Congress raise
the gas tax for projects that communities don't even want. //
Metro System is a project California wants -- and needs. It
is an example of how transportation infrastructure can make us
more competitive in the gloal economy. It shows California
leading the way toward a brighter and -- dare I say it -- less
congested tomorrow. //
For that, I congratulate you. I'll be back for Metro's
completion. The novelist John Steinbeck once wrote, "The spring
is beautiful in California." So is September. Thank you for a
wonderful day. God bless you, and the United States of America.
16
growth of motor vehicle traffic, to strengthen the Nation's
defenses, to reduce the toll of human life exacted each year in
highway accidents, and to promote economic growth." By any
measure, the interstate highway system is a remarkable
achievement. It has spurred the development of a national
economy, given us one of, if not the, safest roadway system in
the world, and provided unparalleled mobility to our
250,000,000 people.
Even success brings with it the need for change. First,
the original Interstate System is now virtually completed.
99.2 percent of its highways have been built. Second, major
demographic changes since the 1950s suggest the need to
reevaluate which roads should be included in our primary
national system. Third, many of the roads and bridges built in
the early and mid-parts of the 20th century are in need of
repair, repavement, restoration, and rehabilitation. About 11
percent of the Interstate System pavement is in poor condition.
27 percent of bridges are structurally deficient. Fourth,
congestion continues to be a major problem. It is estimated
that traffic delays in our largest cities alone cost America
$35 billion per year. Traffic jams do more than just cause
frustration - they hurt the economy by wasting
time. Gary Luroon?
The Administration's challenge in developing its Surface
Transportation proposal was how to move from phase I - the
building of the Interstate System - to phase II - maintaining
336
TREES
TRUBES-TRUE
5963 A monologue is a conversation between the woman who went
I think that I shall never sec
around the world and the one who stayed home. Anonymous
A billboard lovely as a tree,
5964 If an ass goes traveling, he'll not come home a horse. Thomas
Perhaps, unless the billboards
Fuller
I'll never see a tree at all. (
5965 Travel and society polish one, but a rolling stone gathers no moss,
and a little moss is a good thing on a man. John Burroughs
5984 Apart from my dislike of th
5966 There is a certain relief in change, even though it be from bad to
the tribesmen are fine men.
worse; as I have found in traveling in a stage coach, that it is often
a comfort to shift one's position and be bounced in a new place.
5985 I feel it is time that I also pa:
Washington Irving
Mark, Luke and John. Fult
5967 It is misery to be in a place where everything occupies and bothers
you. I seem to enjoy more freely the pleasures of another man's
5986 If misery loves company, then
house than my own. Diogenes was asked what wine he liked best;
Moore
and he answered as I would have done when he said, "Somebody
else's." Michel de Montaigne
5968 A good place to visit but a poor place to stay. Josh Billings
5987 The way out of trouble is n
W. Howe
5969 If you travel you see people in variety. But if you stay home you
see them in development. Upton Close
5988 Nobody ever grew desponde
ney Hubbard
5970 Too often travel, instead of broadening the mind, merely lengthens
the conversation. Elizabeth Drew
5989 The trouble with our age is
Kronenberger
5971 Surely to have seen Athens gives a man what Swift calls Invisible
Precedence over his fellows. Sir Edward Marsh
5990 To bear other people's afflic;
to spare. Benjamin Frankl
5972 A good traveler is one who does not know where he is going to, and
5991 The trouble with the world
a perfect traveler does not know where he came from. Lin Yutang
intelligent full of doubt. I
5973 As a member of an escorted tour, you don't even have to know
5992 "The trouble with this cou
the Matterhorn isn't a tuba. Temple Fielding
are too many people goin
5974 It is not worthwhile to go round the world to count the cats in
country is-' Sinclair L
Zanzibar. Henry D. Thoreau
5993 He that mischief hatcheth.
5975 The heaviest baggage for a traveler is an empty purse. German
Proverb
5994 There is always a comforti
not our trouble. Don Ma
5976 Long voyages, great lies. Italian Proverb
5995 I believe in getting into
5977 Methods of locomotion have improved greatly in recent years, but
Chesterton
places to go remain about the same. Don Herold
5996 I am an old man and have
5978 People travel for the same reason as they collect works of art:
of them never happened.
because the best people do it. Aldous Huxley
5997 One of the worst things ab
5979 She went up the Nile as far as the first crocodile. Nicholas Murray
letter with trouble in it co
Butler
you feel bad, and the new
5980 Travel is no longer any charm for me. I have seen all the foreign
body all over the world,
countries I want to see except heaven and hell, and I have only a
most of the time, and it's
vague curiosity as concerns one of those. Mark Twain
5981 How much a dunce that has been sent to roam
5998 How awful to reflect tha
Excels a dunce that has been kept at home! William Cowper
Pearsall Smith
TREES
5999 There is nothing more lik
5928 Tree: an object that will stand in one place for years, then jump
constitutional preference
in front of a lady driver. Ruth Lemezis
Hazlitt
I 185
Public Papers of the Presidents
Funds, of the cooperation of the Federal Government, I have
advertising fc
approved the appointment of the Honorable George M. Hum-
$36 million si
phrey, Secretary of the Treasury, as Vice Chairman for the
June 29.
Federal Government of United Community Campaigns.
One State,
In the spirit of true voluntary giving I am confident that you
nearly $4 mi
will extend the full cooperation of your Department in each
both old and
community throughout the United States and its territories and
I am grat
possessions where it conducts its operations. Such cooperation
important pr
will continue
should, under the new uniform Federal policy on fund raising,
tions for con
include the effective solicitation of all employees, the acceptance
of equitable unit goals, and the setting up of an adequate col-
the great del
Federal fun
lection method for the convenience of those who wish to make
contributions on an installment basis.
possible time
We who work in the Government want to assume our full
NOTE: Secreta
citizen's share of voluntary support of the many worthwhile
leased with th
also informed
private health and welfare organizations. The United Fund and
standards for
Community Chest campaigns provide us with an opportunity for
Interstate Sys
supporting a wide variety and a large number of organizations
the State high
through a single appeal.
13 days after
It is my hope that all employees will give thoughtfully and
generously to these campaigns.
DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER
187
I
Meeting
I
86
I
Statement by the President in Response to
Agricult
a Progress Report on Highways by the Secretary of
I HAVE
Commerce. August 16, 1956
appointed
of Agricult
I HAVE RECEIVED a progress report on highways from Sin-
in its nam
clair Weeks, Secretary of Commerce.
Commissio
I am pleased to learn that general programming of Interstate
created £
System projects since the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956
surpluses.
became law now exceeds $800 million.
The C
The States have already been authorized to proceed with
pose is to
690
Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1956
I
187
ient, I have
advertising for bids on Interstate System projects costing over
e M. Hum-
$36 million since the new highway legislation was approved on
nan for the
June 29.
tigns.
One State, Missouri, has already awarded contracts totaling
ent that you
nearly $4 million for Interstate System improvements, utilizing
ent in each
both old and new funds available.
ritories and
I am gratified to observe the initial speed with which this
cooperation
important program is developing. I am hopeful that the States
ind raising,
will continue to move swiftly in advancing final project applica-
acceptance
tions for construction. Prompt State action will help alleviate
equate col-
the great deficiencies in our highway systems and will convert the
sh to make
Federal fund authorizations into usable roads at the earliest
possible time.
ne our full
NOTE: Secretary Weeks' report, re-
act. He added that these standards
worthwhile
leased with the foregoing statement,
had been approved by the Bureau
1 Fund and
also informed the President that
of Public Roads for application to
ortunity for
standards for improvement of the
all Interstate System improvements.
ganizations
Interstate System were adopted by
The report is in the form of a letter
the State highway departments only
dated August 9, 1956.
itfully and
13 days after approval of the 1956
/ER
187
У
Statement by the President Following
Meeting With the Commission on Increased Use of
onse to
Agricultural Products. August 20, 1956
tary of
I HAVE TODAY met with the five members of the newly
appointed bi-partisan Commission on Increased Industrial Use
of Agricultural Products. The Commission's purpose, described
from Sin-
in its name, is a very important one. In yet another way this
Commission is going to attack the problems that have been
Interstate
created for our farmers by the production of agricultural
of 1956
surpluses.
The Commission members have told me today that their pur-
eed with
pose is to see what can be done to put modern industrial science
691
nts
Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1956
9
305
on Releasing
The conditions of disaster and privation which require this
cine.
emergency relief have been accurately described from day to day
publicly by our news-reporting media. Amidst all their trials,
the courage of the Hungarian people has been an inspiration to
all freedom-loving peoples the world over.
Salk Poliomyelitis
By contributing to the Red Cross emergency campaign, each
g adult-of every
of us individually can express our sympathy and admiration for
the brave Hungarian people.
NOTE: Released with this statement
n General of the
quiring an immediate appeal for
was a telegram from E. Roland Har-
funds. The statement and the tele-
idation for Infan-
riman, Chairman, American Red
gram were released at Augusta, Ga.
ed promptly-be-
Cross, outlining the conditions re-
ice. "Surveys show
dren vaccinated with
305
I
Letter to Harlow H. Curtice, Chairman,
doses, the incidence
iomyelitis has been
the President's Committee for Traffic Safety, on the
5 percent. We can
Highway Modernization Program.
greater reduction as
ersons receive three
November 29, 1956
is statement and
Dear Mr. Curtice:
is report were re-
1, Ga.
I was very glad to learn that your Committee for Traffic
Safety is planning to give increased emphasis to the need for
organized citizen support, in all States and communities, of the
accident prevention possibilities of the new highway moderni-
Support of
zation program.
The 1956 Federal-Aid Highway Act established a "grand
Hungary
plan" for the rebuilding of our obsolete road and street system.
It provides substantial financial aid to the States over a thirteen
year period for construction. In addition, the Federal govern-
ment will do everything it properly can do to expedite the com-
pletion of the program. A safe and efficient road network is
ort the special
absolutely essential to curtailment of death and injury from ac-
in emergency
cidents, as well as to the national defense and to our expanding
S in Austria.
economy.
1115
I
305
Public Papers of the Presidents
Federal action is only the beginning, however. There is like-
tionality Act.
wise the big and complex task of acquiring the necessary rights-
situation will be
of-way, of designing, building and operating the highways.
The Preside
These are responsibilities that belong primarily to the States
Austria had C1
themselves and their local communities. The 1956 Act wisely
States should S
carried forward intact the traditional Federal-State partnership
Because of thi
which has been so effective in the development of America's
the United St
highway system.
ticable speed.
On a program of this magnitude and urgency, obviously the
The Preside.
State and local highway agencies face numerous problems which
able for Hung
must be solved as promptly as possible. They will need all the
practically exl
help they can get. Most of all, they will need the kind of in-
other action и
formed support which can only come from wide and thorough
sions of the Ir
public understanding.
admission on
I am sure that through the leadership of your Committee and
Persons adr
the many splendid safety organizations cooperating with it, a
permanent sta
timely and valuable contribution can be made to this objective.
request the C
Sincerely,
will, through
DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER
lief Act, or
asylum in the
NOTE: The President's letter was in
were included in the Augusta, Ga.,
The Presid
reply to a letter from Mr. Curtice
release.
the Congress
dated November 14, 1956. Both
allow at least
countries for
306
I White House Statement Concerning the
manent reset
ticularly the
Admission of Additional Hungarian Refugees.
relatives her
December I, 1956
The Presio
made increas
THE PRESIDENT ANNOUNCED today that the United
ordinary rest
States will offer asylum to 21,500 refugees from Hungary. Of
The Presi
these, about 6500 will receive Refugee Relief Act visas under
fense to WOI
the emergency program initiated three weeks ago. The remain-
refugees to
ing 15,000 will be admitted to the United States under the
be made wi
provisions of Section 212 (d) (5) of the Immigration and Na-
mental Con
1116
\NGELS SING
SAIL, DON'T DRIFT
y
Oliver Wendell Holmes, M.D.
ng,
ling;
I find the greatest thing in this world not so much where we stand,
y mild,
as in what direction we are moving. To reach the port of heaven, we
ed!"
must sail sometimes with the wind, and sometimes against it, but we
sail, and not drift, nor live at anchor.
skies;
oclaim,
chem!"
iven adored;
rd;
IN MEMORIAM
come,
Margaritae Sorori
me.
ead see;
William Ernest Henley
a to dwell,
A late lark twitters from the quiet skies;
And from the west,
Where the sun, his day's work ended,
y,
Lingers as in content,
may die;
There falls on the old, grey city
earth,
An influence luminous and serene,
d birth.
A shining peace.
$ wings,
brings,
The smoke ascends
usness!
In a rosy-and-golden haze. The spires
ince of Peace!
Shine, and are changed. In the valley
Shadows rise. The lark sings on. The sun,
ALIZED CITIZENS
Closing his benediction,
STATES
Sinks, and the darkening air
Thrills with a sense of the triumphing night-
absolutely and entirely re
Night with her train of stars
delity to any foreign prince,
And her great gift of sleep.
m or which I have hereto-
vill support and defend the
So be my passing!
tates of America against all
My task accomplished and the long day done,
vill bear true faith and alle-
My wages taken, and in my heart
is obligation freely without
Some late lark singing,
evasion; so help me God.
Let me be gathered to the quiet west,
hereunto affixed my sign2.
The sundown splendid and serene,
Death.
365
LINCOLN'S LETTER TO MRS. BIXBY
ENTINE
November 21, 1864
DEAR MADAM:
I have been shown in the files of the War Department a state-
ment of the Adjutant General of Massachusetts that you are the
mother of five sons who have died gloriously on the field of battle.
ier,
I feel how weak and fruitless must be any words of mine which
tine.
should attempt to beguile you from the grief of a loss so over-
whelming, but I cannot refrain from tendering to you the conso-
my darling,
lation that may be found in the thanks of the Republic that they
mentine,
died to save. I pray that the Heavenly Father may assuage the an-
ne forever,
guish of your bereavement, and leave you only the cherished mem-
nentine.
ory of the loved and lost, and the solemn pride that must be yours
to have laid so costly a sacrifice upon the altar of freedom.
fairy,
nber nine;
Yours very sincerely and respectfully,
Abraham Lincoln
topses
tine. (Chorus.)
the water,
ine;
plinter,
rine. (Chorus.)
A man is rich in proportion to the number of things which he
vater,
can afford to let alone.
and fine;
-Henry David Thoreau
swimmer,
ne. (Chorus.)
the canyon,
h entwine,
other posies,
tine. (Chorus.)
PILGRIMAGE
rty-Niner,
Sir Walter Raleigh
and pine,
jine his daughter,
Give me my scallop-shell of quiet,
lementine. (Chorus.)
My staff of faith to walk upon,
My scrip of joy, immortal diet,
11 doth haunt me,
My bottle of salvation,
:oaked in brine,
My gown of glory, hope's true gage,
ed to hug her,
And thus I'll take my pilgrimage.
draw the line. (Chorus.)
397
LANDING OF THE PILGRIM FATHERS
Ay
Th
Felicia Dorothea Hemans
Th
The breaking waves dashed high
Fre
On a stern and rock-bound coast;
And the woods against a stormy sky,
Their giant branches tossed;
And the heavy night hung dark
The hills and waters o'er-
When a band of exiles moored their bark
On a wild New England shore.
Not as the conqueror comes,
They, the true-hearted, came;-
Not with the roll of stirring drums,
And the trumpets that sing of fame;-
Not as the flying come,
In silence and in fear;
They shook the depths of the desert's gloom
With their hymns of lofty cheer.
Amidst the storm they sang,
And the stars heard, and the seal
And the sounding aisles of the dim woods rang
To the anthem of the free;
The ocean eagle soared
From his nest by the white wave's foam,
And the rocking pines of the forest roared:-
This was their welcome home!
There were men with hoary hair
Amidst that pilgrim band;
Why had they come to wither there,
Away from their childhood's land?
There was woman's fearless eye,
Lit by her deep love's truth;
There was manhood's brow serenely high,
Little children
And the fiery heart of youth.
and as I said un
What sought they thus afar?
I say to you.
A new comma
Bright jewels of the mine?
The wealth of seas? the spoils of war?
as I have loved y
By this shall :
They sought a faith's pure shrine!
one to another.
254
lear
1 FATHERS
Ay, call it holy ground,
The soil where first they trod!
ans
They left unstained what there they found
Freedom to worship God!
d high
coast;
ormy sky,
1;
THE LAMB
dark
William Blake
ored their bark
Little lamb, who made thee?
hore.
Dost thou know who made thee,
Gave thee life and bade thee feed
es,
By the stream and o'er the mead;
me;-
Gave thee clothing of delight,
g drums,
Softest clothing, woolly, bright;
g of fame;-
Gave thee such a tender voice,
Making all the vales rejoice?
Little lamb, who made thee?
the desert's gloom
Dost thou know who made thee?
cheer.
Little lamb, I'll tell thee;
ng,
Little lamb, I'll tell thee.
the seal
He is callèd by thy name,
of the dim woods rang
For He calls himself a Lamb;
e;
He is meek and He is mild,
He became a little child.
ite wave's foam,
I a child and thou a lamb,
the forest roared:-
We are callèd by His name.
home!
Little lamb, God bless thee!
Little lamb, God bless theel
ary hair
d;
wither there,
LOVE ONE ANOTHER
od's land?
less eye,
Holy Bible, John 13:33-35
uth;
:ow serenely high,
Little children, yet a little while I am with you. Ye shall seek me:
outh.
and as I said unto the Jews, Whither I go, ye cannot come: so now
I say to you.
afar?
A new commandment I give unto you, That ye love one another;
he?
as I have loved you, that ye also love one another.
spoils of war?
By this shall all men know that ye are my disciples, if ye love
ure shrinel
one to another.
255
PAUL REVERE'S RIDE
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
Listen, my children, and you shall hear
Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere,
On the eighteenth of April, in Seventy-five;
Hardly a man is now alive
Who remembers that famous day and year.
He said to his friend, "If the British march
By land or sea from the town tonight,
Hang a lantern aloft in the belfry arch
Of the North Church tower as a signal light,-
One, if by land, and two, if by sea;
And I on the opposite shore will be,
Ready to ride and spread the alarm
Through every Middlesex village and farm,
For the country folk to be up and to arm."
Then he said, "Good night!" and with muffled oar
Silently rowed to the Charlestown shore,
Just as the moon rose over the bay,
Where swinging wide at her moorings lay
The Somerset, British man-of-war;
A phantom ship, with each mast and spar
Across the moon like a prison bar,
And a huge black hulk, that was magnified
By its own reflection in the tide.
Meanwhile, his friend through alley and street
Wanders and watches, with eager ears,
Till in the silence around him he hears
The muster of men at the barrack door,
The sound of arms, and the tramp of feet,
And the measured tread of the grenadiers,
Marching down to their boats on the shore.
Then he climbed the tower of the Old North Church,
By the wooden stairs, with stealthy tread,
To the belfry-chamber overhead,
And startled the pigeons from their perch
On the sombre rafters, that round him made
Masses and moving shapes of shade,-
236
By the trembling ladder, steep and tall,
To the highest window in the wall,
nw
Where he paused to listen and look down
A moment on the roofs of the town
hear
And the moonlight flowing over all.
re,
enty-five;
Beneath in the churchyard, lay the dead,
In their night-encampment on the hill,
id year.
Wrapped in silence so deep and still
That he could hear, like a sentinel's tread,
:h march
The watchful night-wind, as it went
ht,
Creeping along from tent to tent,
arch
And seeming to whisper, "All is well!"
mal light,-
A moment only he feels the spell
Of the place and the hour, and the secret dread
e,
Of the lonely belfry and the dead;
1
For suddenly all his thoughts are bent
.nd farm,
On a shadowy something far away,
o arm."
Where the river widens to meet the bay,-
A line of black that bends and floats
with muffled oar
On the rising tide, like a bridge of boats.
shore,
Meanwhile, impatient to mount and ride,
ings lay
Booted and spurred, with a heavy stride
On the opposite shore walked Paul Revere.
id spar
Now he patted his horse's side,
Now gazed at the landscape far and near,
agnified
Then, impetuous, stamped the earth,
And turned and tightened his saddle girth;
:y and street
But mostly he watched with eager search
The belfry's tower of the Old North Church,
ars,
As it rose above the graves on the hill,
ears
door,
Lonely and spectral and sombre and still.
of feet,
And lo! as he looks, on the belfry height
nadiers,
A glimmer, and then a gleam of light!
he shore.
He springs to the saddle, the bridle he turns,
But lingers and gazes, till full on his sight
Old North Church,
A second lamp in the belfry burns!
tread,
A hurry of hoofs in a village street,
r perch
A shape in the moonlight, a bulk in the dark,
him made
And beneath, from the pebbles, in passing, a spark
Struck out by a steed flying fearless and fleet;
e,-
237
That was all! And yet, through the gloom and the light,
Then crossing
The fate of a nation was riding that night;
Under the tree
And the spark struck out by that steed, in his flight,
And only paus
Kindled the land into flame with its heat.
He has left the village and mounted the steep,
So through the
And beneath him, tranquil and broad and deep,
And so throug
Is the Mystic, meeting the ocean tides;
To every Mid
And under the alders that skirt its edge,
A cry of defiar
Now soft on the sand, now loud on the ledge,
A voice in the
Is heard the tramp of his steed as he rides.
And a word tl
For, borne on
It was twelve by the village clock,
Through all o
When he crossed the bridge into Medford town.
In the hour of
He heard the crowing of the cock,
The people W
And the barking of the farmer's dog,
The hurrying
And he felt the damp of the river fog,
And the midn
That rises after the sun goes down.
It was one by the village clock,
When he galloped into Lexington.
He saw the gilded weathercock
WHAT Y
Swim in the moonlight as he passed,
And the meeting-house windows, blank and bare,
Gaze at him with a spectral glare,
As if they already stood aghast
At the bloody work they would look upon.
Whatever hour God
hand nor put off joys
It was two by the village clock,
you have been you ma
When he came to the bridge in Concord town.
reason and wisdom tha
He heard the bleating of the flock,
a wide expanse of sea,
And the twitter of birds among the trees,
rush across the sea. Ti
And felt the breath of the morning breeze
and cars we seek to ma
Blowing over the meadows brown.
And one was safe and asleep in his bed
Who at the bridge would be first to fall,
Who that day would be lying dead,
Pierced by a British musket-ball.
You know the rest. In books you have read,
How the British Regulars fired and fled,-
How the farmers gave them ball for ball,
From behind each fence and farmyard wall,
Chasing the redcoats down the lane,
238
om and the light,
Then crossing the fields to emerge again
Under the trees at the turn of the road,
ight;
in his flight,
And only pausing to fire and load.
eat.
So through the night rode Paul Revere;
ie steep,
and deep,
And so through the night went his cry of alarm
To every Middlesex village and farm,-
A cry of defiance, and not of fear,
ge,
A voice in the darkness, a knock at the door,
e ledge,
And a word that shall echo for evermorel
rides.
For, borne on the night-wind of the Past,
Through all our history, to the last,
dford town.
In the hour of darkness and peril and need,
The people will waken and listen to hear
The hurrying hoof-beats of that steed,
And the midnight message of Paul Revere.
5,
WHAT YOU ARE SEEKING IS HERE
1,
ank and bare,
Horace
Whatever hour God has given for your weal, take it with grateful
ok upon.
hand nor put off joys from year to year; so that in whatever place
you have been you may say that you have lived happily. For if 'tis
reason and wisdom that takes away cares and not a site commanding
oncord town.
a wide expanse of sea, they change their clime, not their mind, who
rush across the sea. 'Tis a busy idleness that is our bane; with yachts
e trees,
and cars we seek to make life happy. What you are seeking is here.
g breeze
S bed
to fall,
d,
have read,
nd fled,-
for ball,
nyard wall,
the,
239
09. 11. 91 11:09 AM *DOT/PUBLIC AFFAIRS I PO1
2
DOT
U.S. Department of
Assistant Secretary
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Transportation
Washington, D.C. 20590
Office of the Secretary
of Transportation
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9/11/91
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