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The Hague 11/9/91 [OA 7564] [4]
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The Hague 11/9/91 [OA 7564] [4]
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Speech Backup Chronological Files
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Originally Processed With FOIA(s):
FOIA Number:
S
S
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
Library Staff.
Record Group/Collection:
George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
Collection/Office of Origin:
Speechwriting, White House Office of
Series:
Speech File Backup Files
Subseries:
Chron File, 1989-1993
OA/ID Number:
13779
Folder ID Number:
13779-008
Folder Title:
The Hague 11/9/91 [OA 7564] [4]
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Section:
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G
26
21
7
4
Mrs. Bush unveiled cornerstone of The American School of the
Hague in July, 1989. her Majesty Queen Beatrix at dedication in
XXXX.
fine school, traditional strengths of Americn education, loated
itne hheart of Europoean center of international government,
commerce, and cultural exchange. educational journey
E210
B6
1974
WHRC
t : Encyclopedia
of the
author
AMERICAN
TIONARY
.ND TRADITIONS
ERICAN REVOLUTION
REVOLUTION
by
Mark Mayo Boatner III
*
Bicentennial Edition
David McKay Company, Inc.
New York
Marinez
MARINE COMMITTEE
674
675
MARION, F.
task, but results were unsatisfactory.
American marines can be traced to
Orleans, where Willing remained, but
singularly creditable to their steadiness
(See SUPPLY
)
The War of Jenkins' Ear, when a reg-
they returned to Kaskaskia prior to 16
and discipline." (Collum, post, 41)
Flour mills existed throughout the
iment was raised in 1740. Commanded
Mar. '79 and, the 40 of them now
The U.S. Navy and the Marine Corps
colonies, and in the vicinity of N.Y.C.
by Col. Gooch of Va. and officially
commanded by Capt. Robert George,
ceased to exist in 1785 and were not
and Philadelphia there was production
identified as the 43d Foot, "Gooch's
took part in Clark's operations against
revived until 1794, when troubles started
for export. The latter city was the
Marines" were raised in N.Y. and fought
the Indians.* George's Marines appar-
with the Barbary Corsairs. By the spring
center of what little manufacturing was
creditably in the West Indies. American
ently were disbanded 3 June '79 and
of 1798 there were marines aboard the
done in colonial America; in addition
marines served aboard privateers dur-
distributed among Clark's other forces,
ships that had been completed for this
to the items mentioned above it pro-
ing the French and Indian War (1754-
but a payroll dated 12 Aug. '83 for the
emergency. On 11 July '98 the U.S.M.C.
duced hats, shoes, stockings, earthen-
63), and were sometimes known as
period 9 Mar.-9 Sept. '82 shows a
became an individual service within the
ware, cordage, and soap.
"gentlemen sailors."
marine company under Capt. Jacob
Navy.
A force known in the history of the
Pyatt serving with Clark against the
This article is based on two mime-
MARINE COMMITTEE. A body of
U.S.M.C. as the "Original Eight" took
Indians. (U.S.M.C. Chronology)
ographed pamphlets in the U.S.M.C.
13 members of the Cont'l. Cong., one
part in the capture of Ticonderoga, 10
Marines had meanwhile taken part
Hist. Ref. Series: A Chronology of the
from each colony, that directed NAVAL
May '75. They were from Conn. Sev-
in the action under Benjamin Tupper at
U.S.M.C., American Marines in the Rev-
OPERATIONS after the Cont'l. Navy was
eral of the state navies made provisions
TAPPAN SEA (now Tappan Zee), 3 Aug.
olution (No. 27, revised 1962), and A
organized by the NAVAL COMMITTEE
for marines when they were organized
'76, in the PENOBSCOT EXPEDITION, and
Brief History of the U.S.M.C. (No. 1,
in 1775 and until it was replaced in
at the start of the Revolution. On 10
the unsuccessful defense of Charleston
1961). Among the authorities cited in
Dec. '79 by an American Board of
Nov. '75 the Cont'l. Cong. resolved that
in 1780. On the high seas they were in
the first pamphlet are G. W. Allen,
Admiralty.
two battalions be raised, and 200 Cont'l.
practically every battle involving pri-
W. B. Clark, R. S. Collum, W. H. Eng-
MARINES. One theory as to the
marines spearheaded the assault on
vateers, ships of the state navies, and
lish, E. S. Maclay, E. N. McClellan,
origin of "marines" as a distinct cat-
NASSAU, 3-4 Mar. '76. They hit the
those in which ships of the Cont'l. Navy
and C. O. Paullin. See bibliography of
egory of troops stems from the require-
same objective in the NASSAU RAID OF
were engaged. American marines served
NAVAL OPERATIONS for their works. The
ment in the early 8th century to pro-
RATHBUN, 27 Jan. '78. The first Cont'l.
under John Paul Jones in his WHITE-
standard reference is Clyde H. Metcalf,
tect British officers on shipboard from
Marine detachment on record, how-
HAVEN RAID, and French marines were
A History of the U.S.M.C. (1939).
their "pressed" crews. They were a spe-
ever, was the 17-man group under Lt.
with him in the Bonhomme Richard-
MARION, Francis. ("Swamp Fox.")
cies of seaborne military police. But
James Watson serving aboard the En-
Serapis Engagement, 23 Sept. '79.
c. 1732-1795. Southern partisan leader.
there also was a requirement for crack
terprise from 3 May '75. Although from
One authority has written:
S. C. The grandson of Huguenots who
troops who could constitute landing
Mass., on 10 June they came under
"At no period of the naval history of
came to S.C. in 1690, Marion was "small
parties, boarding parties, and deliver
control of the Cont'l. Cong. when the
the world is it probable that Marines
enough at birth to be put into a quart
musketry from the rigging in close sea
delegates voted themselves control of all
were more important than during the
mug" and he was a frail child with
fights. British marines made up a con-
forces on Lake Champlain; they took
War of the Revolution. In many in-
badly formed knees and ankles (Bass,
siderable portion of the BOSTON GAR-
part in the battle of Valcour Island,
stances they preserved the vessels to the
Marion, 6 and 41, citing Peter Horry
RISON. Although they did not accom-
11-13 Oct. '76. Cont'l. Marines landed
country by suppressing the turbulence
and Wm. D. James, who are identified
pany the British column to Lexington
from the Hancock on 12 Dec. '76,
of ill-assorted crews [in accordance with
below). When he was about six years
and Concord, 19 Apr. '75, a marine
took part in the decisive actions at
what was mentioned at the beginning of
old his family moved from St. John's
officer, Maj. John Pitcairn, was second-
Trenton and Princeton, and were with-
this article as their original purpose],
Parish (modern Berkeley co., astride
in-command of this force and figured
drawn on 20 Feb. '77. They partic-
and the effect of their fire
has been
the Cooper R.) to the vicinity of
prominently in the day's historic events.
ipated in the defense of Fort Mifflin
Georgetown. He was reared under mod-
Two battalions of British marines took
in Oct. and Nov. '77 (PHILADELPHIA
U.S.M.C. Chronology, citing Mc-
est circumstances and received a coun-
part in the assault on BUNKER HILL
CAMPAIGN).
Clellan, Mason, and English. Heitman
try school education. After surviving a
(see section headed "Final Attack"),
A company of marines under Capt.
identifies a Capt. James Willing of un-
shipwreck at the age of 16 he gave up
where Pitcairn was mortally wounded.
James Willing left Fort Pitt on 10
known state and regiment as "a pris-
ideas of becoming a sailor and settled
British and French marines figured in
Jan. '78 in the armed boat Rattletrap
oner in August, 1778; when and where
down to the life of a farmer on the
subsequent land operations in America
for an expedition to New Orleans, and
taken not stated." He identifies Robert
family property. In 1761 he was a Lt.
and in practically all sea battles. The
on 3 Feb. they took part in the capture
George as Capt. of Clark's III. Regt.,
in the militia company of Capt. Wm.
rule of thumb was one marine assigned
of two French trading vessels near Kas-
1779 to 1782, and has no further details
MOULTRIE that took part in the CHER-
aboard a ship for each gun.
kaskia. The company reached New
on either officer.
OKEE EXPEDITION of Grant. In his first
were
not
possible
with
scuba
previ-
can
marine
life
use
in
this
however, Many spend little
spend
or more of the hundred com
scattered
The prototype and
taly-was founded Stazione in 1872
laboratories-the
Anton Dohrn. Other
worldwide fame include
Station in Plymouth, En
Biology Laboratory
usetts.
biology as an organized
largely in a series
expeditions by the British
the greatest oceano-
that of the HMS
Among its distinguish
Wyville Thomson
Challenger expedition
tra-
11,000 km), collected data
4,717 new species of
corded one depth of 28
"Challenger Deep."
The
DEFENSE DEPT. PHOTO (MARINE CORPS)
expedition, issued over
,000 pages in 50 volumes
The Marine Corps Memorial in Arlington, Va., commemorates the Marine capture of Iwo Jima island in 1945.
regard these reports as the
oceanography rests.
living where sea meets
ARINE CORPS, United States, combined armed
A Marine division is roughly comparable to a
and thus more easily
force of both ground and air elements. Usually
U.S. Army infantry division in size, organization,
in the depths. Thus
thought to be a part of the U.S. Navy, the Ma-
and combat strength. A principle difference is
about shallow-water
Corps is in fact and by law a separate
the Marine Corps' emphasis on amphibious op-
forms. In Britain the
service, along with the Navy, in the Department
erations. A Marine aircraft wing has a varying
anisms was stimulated by
the Navy. With 185,000 persons and about
number of aircraft groups operating a range of
whose book A Naturalists
1,000 aircraft, it is larger than most of the world's
aircraft types, about equally divided between
nshire Coast (1853) was
armies and flies more aircraft than most of the
fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters.
amateurs threatened
world's air forces. Commanding the Marine Corps
For operations, air and ground elements are
In the United States
the Commandant of the Marine Corps, a title
joined into air-ground task forces. The largest
marine biologists have
use since 1798.
and most powerful is a Marine Amphibious
by Between Pacific
Organization and Mission. The National Security
Force (MAF), having one or more divisions and
in 1939 by the biologist
Act of 1947, as amended, provides that the Ma-
wings. Smaller, but still potent, is the Marine
nne Corps shall: (1) be organized into not
Amphibious Brigade (MAB)-usually a regimen-
half of the 19th century
fewer than three combat divisions and three air
tal landing team and a composite aircraft group.
by the great Manx marine
wings; (2) provide fleet marine forces of com-
The smallest air-ground team is the Marine Am-
believed that marine
bined arms, together with supporting air com-
phibious Unit (MAU)-normally a battalion land-
shallow water. His OWN
ponents, for service with the fleet; (3) develop
ing team and a composite aircraft squadron.
Forbes that below 1,800
tactics, techniques, and equipment for use by
MAU's are routinely embarked with the Sixth
arkness and pressure pre-
landing forces; and (4) perform such other du-
Fleet in the Mediterranean and eastern Atlantic
dictory evidence accumu-
as the president may direct.
and with the Seventh Fleet in the western Pa-
more than 6,000 feet
About 60% of the Marine Corps' strength is in
cific and Indian Ocean.
living foraminiferans,
the
Fleet Marine Forces. The Commanding
Enlisted Marines get their recruit or "boot"
anisms covered submarine
General, Fleet Marine Force, Atlantic (FMFLant)
training in Parris Island, S. C., or San Diego,
up for repair from more
operationally the subordinate of the Com-
Calif. Officer training is in Quantico, Va. Ma-
meters). The voyages of
mander in Chief, Atlantic Fleet. The Command-
rine aviators receive their flight training in Pensa-
(1868) and Porcupine
General, Fleet Marine Force, Pacific
cola, Fla. There is a large combined-arms training
the issue; hauls from
FMFPac) is subordinate to the Commander in
center at Twenty-Nine Palms in the California
feet (4,400 meters) pro-
Chief, Pacific Fleet.
desert. The Marine Corps' major logistics bases
reatures. Forbes' view,
FMFLant has assigned to it the 2d Marine
are in Albany, Ga., and Barstow, Calif.
ulated research that vastly
Division, based at Camp Lejeune, N. C., and the
History and Traditions. On Nov. 10, 1775, the
erstanding of marine life.
Marine Aircraft Wing, based at Cherry Point,
date observed by Marines as their "birthday,"
ho pioneered marine bio-
C., and Beaufort, S.C. FMFPac has the 1st
the Continental Congress authorized two battal-
of the distribution
Marine Division at Camp Pendleton, Calif., and
ions of Marines. In March 1776 the Continental
3d Marine Aircraft Wing at El Toro, Calif.,
Marines rendered their first expeditionary service,
BARBARA N. BURKETT
and Yuma, Ariz. In the Pacific, FMFPac has the
a successful raid against New Providence in the
Gardner-Webb College
Marine Division in Okinawa and the 1st Ma-
Bahamas. Aboard sailing ships, Marines were
A. A., Basic Marine Biolo The
Aircraft Wing in Japan and Okinawa. A sep-
indispensable as enforcers of shipboard discipline
John, and others, eds.,
ademic Press 1977); Nybakkess
air-ground brigade is maintained in Hawaii.
and as musketmen in close-range actions.
An Ecological Approach (Harp
There is also a Reserve 4th Marine Division
The U.S. Marine Corps, as such, was estab-
An Introduction to the Biology
and 4th Marine Aircraft Wing. Reserve units
lished by law on July 11, 1798. Marines served
1980).
distributed throughout the United States.
at sea in the quasi-war with France (1798-1800)
323
MARINE OFFICER RANK INSIGNIA
General
Lieutenant
Major
Brigadier
General
General
General
Colonel
Lieutenant
Major
Captain
Colonel
N
2
3
4
MARINE
CORPS
EMBLEM
First
Second
Warrant
Chief Warrant Officer
Lieutenant
Lieutenant
Officer 1
MARINE ENLISTED RANK INSIGNIA
Sergeant Major
Master
Master Sergeant
First Sergeant
Sergeant
of the
Major
Gunnery
Marine Corps
Sergeant
Lance Corporal
COURTEST WALKER ART CENTER-ERI
Gunnery
Sculptor Marino Marini specialized in equest
Sergeant
Staff Sergeant
Sergeant
Corporal
Private First Class
such as Horse and Rider, done about 1949
and in the campaigns against the Barbary pirates
1945), therefore, a body of doctrine and tech-
MARINI, mä-re'ne, Marino (1901-198(
(1801-1815). In the War of 1812, in addition
niques that served it well in such battles as
sculptor, whose bronze, wood, and t
to sea service, small battalions fought at
Guadalcanal, Bougainville, Tarawa, New Britain.
Suman figures and equestrian works
Bladensburg, Md., and New Orleans.
Kwajalein, Eniwetok (Enewetak), Saipan, Guam
timple form and rigid poses of Etrusc
Ensuing years saw service against pirates and
Tinian, Peleliu, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa. Marine
maic Greek sculpture. Their sensitively
slave traders. A regiment was assigned to the
strength reached six divisions and five aircraft
surfaces, sometimes with traces of gilt,
Army for the Seminole War (1836-1842). Ma-
wings.
In 1950, during the Korean War, a Marine
ciations. plaster, serve to enhance the archaeolog
rines were active in the Mexican War (1846-
1848), making many landings along both the Gulf
brigade joined in the defense of the Pusan perim-
and California coasts and providing a battalion
eter and the 1st Marine Division, supported by
of He studied painting and etching at the
Marini was born in Pistoia on Feb.
to the Army column that captured Mexico City.
the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing, landed at Inchos
and recaptured Seoul. During that bitter winter. the
turned to sculpture. He taught at the V
Fine Arts, Florence, but in the la
The Marine Corps' role in the Civil War
(1861-1865) was minor, consisting of providing
Marines made an epic withdrawal from
at school in Monza and, after 1940, at
landing-force battalions to the Navy squadrons
Chosin Reservoir.
Paris scademy in Milan. Marini spent long
blockading the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the
Marines were the first U.S. ground troops
kcd. and during World War II lived in I
Confederacy. In the last third of the 19th cen-
used in Vietnam. The Third Marine
Force was in continuous combat from 1965 up
1235, His reputation became internatic
tury Marines were used increasingly in small-
scale precautionary or punitive landings, largely
1971, notably in the battles of Khe Sanh and Hue
sale Romana.
when he won first prize in the (
in East Asia and the Caribbean. Readiness for
Subsequent to Vietnam, increasing attention
Gothic equestria
expeditionary service was demonstrated in the
was given to possible employment of Marines
5 with inspiring h
Spanish-American War (1898), when a Marine
principal element of a joint of NAT deployme
a reinforcement on the flanks
series horses and riders
battalion was promptly formed and seized Guan-
other that he fav
tanamo Bay, Cuba.
force that could be deployed worldwide.
THE
Dancer (1954; H
A Marine regiment served in the Philippine
Commandant's House, first occupied in 1806,
The Marine Corps is rich in traditions.
Acads, D.C.), and
Insurrection (1899-1904), and a regiment
as Stravinsky (1951; Ku
marched to Peking during the Boxer Rebellion
the oldest official residence in continuous use 1
Marini retrospective was
(1900). A Marine brigade formed the vanguard
Washington. The green color of the service is
6, 1980. He died in Viareggio,
for the landing at Veracruz, Mexico, in 1914.
form dates from
Sizable Marine forces were used in legation
blue of the dress
MARILYN L. S
guards and garrisons in China (1905-1941) and
Semper Fidelis ("Always Faithful")
New York City Community
for interventions in the Caribbean-intermittently
immediately after the Civil War, as was
in Panama, Cuba, and Nicaragua, and at length
familiar eagle, globe, and anchor emblem. Hyme
He MARINUS I, ma-ri'nes, pope from 882
in Haiti (1915-1934) and the Dominican Re-
dating from about that time is The Marine
Callese, mistakenly known as Martin II.
public (1916-1924).
("Halls of Montezuma"). The
near Rome, he became dea
The 4th Marine Brigade, sent to France dur-
Marine officers is of a pattern
ing World War I (1917-1918), gained world-
and has a Mameluke hilt commemorating
the treasurer was created the Fourth bishop Council of Caere of (Cervet. Constal a
wide fame at Belleau Wood. After the war the
service against the Barbary pirates.
EDWIN H. Museum SIMMONS
by John VIII
U.S. Marines continued its study of amphibious
#tre Formosus of
warfare. It had ready for World War II (1941-
Director of Marine Corps History and
him to his see.
324
K INSIGNIA
MARINI-MARION
325
Major
Marinus was a friend of Emperor Charles
General
Brigagies
III (the Fat) and of Alfred the Great. At Al-
General
fred's request, he exempted the Roman Schola
Saxonum from taxation.
MARINUS II, ma-ri'nas, pope from 942 to 946.
Major
He was mistakenly known as Martin III. A Ro-
Captain
man priest, he was elevated to the papacy at the
death of Stephen VIII, by the Roman dictator
2
3
4
Alberic II, duke of Spoleto. He did not oppose
Alberic's rule but worked to improve clerical
Chief Warrant Officer
discipline, help the poor, and restore Roman
basilicas. He also attempted to end the warfare
among Italian princes.
MARION, mar'ē-en, Francis (c. 1732-1795),
partisan leader in the American Revolution,
known as the "Swamp Fox." He was born about
1732 in St. John's Parish, Berkeley county, S.C.,
of Huguenot parents who farmed along the
Santee River. As a young man of 16 he gave up
his ambition of becoming a sailor after surviving
Sergeant
First Sergeant
a shipwreck. In 1761 he distinguished himself
as a lieutenant of militia in an expedition against
the Cherokee Indians.
Marion rose to a position of prominence in
his community. In 1775 he was a delegate to
Lance Corporal
the South Carolina Provincial Congress, and in
that year was named a captain in the 2d South
Carolina Regiment. Promoted to major in Febru-
COURTEST WALKER ART CENTER-ERIC SUTHERLAND
ary 1776, he participated in the defense of
Scalptor Marino Marini specialized in equestrian works,
Charleston on June 28. Later in 1776 he was
rporal
Private First Class
as as Horse and Rider, done about 1949.
promoted to lieutenant colonel and assumed
command of the regiment. In October 1779 he
led his command in an unsuccessful assault
a body of doctrine and tech
MARINI, mä-rē'nē, Marino (1901-1980), Italian
against Savannah.
ed it well in such battles 23
sculptor, whose bronze, wood, and terra-cotta
Fortunately for his future, a broken ankle
againville, Tarawa, New Britain,
Luman figures and equestrian works have the
saved him from capture when Charleston fell to
etok (Enewetak), Saipan, Guam,
simple form and rigid poses of Etruscan or ar-
the British on May 12, 1780. With all organized
wo Jima, and Okinawa. Marine
chaic Greek sculpture. Their sensitively textured
resistance in South Carolina at an end, Marion
six divisions and five aircraft
surfaces, sometimes with traces of gilt, paint, or
began his career as a guerrilla leader. As a
plaster, serve to enhance the archaeological asso-
partisan, he participated in skirmishes and bat-
ing the Korean War, a Marine
ciations.
tles at Great Savannah, Blue Savannah, Black
the defense of the Pusan perim-
Marini was born in Pistoia on Feb. 27, 1901.
Mingo, Tearcoat Swamp, Georgetown, and Half-
Marine Division, supported by
He studied painting and etching at the Academy
ircraft Wing, landed at Inchon
of Fine Arts, Florence, but in the late 1920's
eoul. During that bitter winter
turned to sculpture. He taught at the Villa Reale
Francis Marion, the "Swamp Fox," led daring guerrilla
an epic withdrawal from the
art school in Monza and, after 1940, at the Brera
raids on British forces during the American Revolution.
academy in Milan. Marini spent long periods in
THE BETTMANN ARCHIVE
the first U.S. ground troops
Paris and during World War II lived in Switzer-
The Third Marine Amphibious
bnd. His reputation became international after
tinuous combat from 1965 until
1935, when he won first prize in the Quadrien-
he battles of Khe Sanh and Hue.
cale Romana.
) Vietnam, increasing attention
Marini credits late Gothic equestrian figures
sible employment of Marines as
in Augsburg, Germany, with inspiring him to be-
in the flanks of NATO and as @
gin his long series of horses and riders in 1936.
t of a joint rapid deployment
Among the other subjects that he favored are
be deployed worldwide.
female figures, such as Dancer (1954; Hirshhorn
Corps is rich in traditions. The
Collection, Washington, D.C.), and portrait
louse, first occupied in 1806, is
heads, such as Stravinsky (1951; Kunsthalle,
residence in continuous use is
Hamburg). A Marini retrospective was held in
green color of the service uni-
Rome in 1966. He died in Viareggio, Italy, on
the Continental Marines, the
Aug. 6, 1980.
uniform from 1798. The motto
MARILYN L. SCHAEFER
'Always Faithful") was adopted
New York City Community College
r the Civil War, as was the
obe, and anchor emblem. Also
MARINUS I, ma-rines, pope from 882 to 884.
t that time is The Marine Hyma
He was mistakenly known as Martin II. Born in
zuma"). The sword carried by
Callese, near Rome, he became a deacon and
of a pattern approved in 1826
attended the Fourth Council of Constantinople.
.luke hilt commemorating early
He was created bishop of Caere (Cerveteri) and
ie Barbary pirates.
treasurer of the Holy See by John VIII, whom
EDWIN H. SIMMONS
be succeeded. He absolved Formosus of all cen-
ne Corps History and Museums
stre and restored him to his see.
PRIORITY
CONFIDENTIAL
WHITE HOUSE SITUATION ROOM
PAGE 01 OF 05
PRT: HILL PARMER ROGICH SITTMANN
SIT: VAX
<PREC> PRIORITY <CLAS> CONF DENTIAL <DTG> 241423Z OCT 91
FM AMEMBASSY THE HAGUE
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 0270
RHEHAAA/WHITE HOUSE WASHDC PRIORITY
e
0
D
E
A
SECTION 01 OF 02 THE HAGUE 08049
STATE FOR A/TSS - BULL, EUR/NE - WAGNER
WHITEHOUSE FOR ROGICH AND PARMER
E.0. 12356: DECL: OADR
TAGS: OVIP, (BUSH, GEORGE)
SUBJECT: DRAFT SCENARIO FOR ACTIVITIES AT
-
NOORDEINDE PALACE
1. CONF DENTIAL - ENTIRE TEXT.
2. THE FOLLOWING IS A DRAFT SCENARIO FOR THE
PRESIDENT'S FORMAL RECEPTION AT THE PALACE; HIS
PARTICIPATION IN THE NOVEMBER 8 DINNER HOSTED BY
QUEEN BEATRIX; AND HIS DEPARTURE ON SATURDAY
MORNING.
1905 THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. BUSH ARRIVE AT THE
BACK ENTRANCE TO NOORDEINDE ROYAL PALACE IN THE
HAGUE, WHERE THEY WILL BE GREETED BY THE QUEEN AND
ESCORTED TO THEIR PLACES ON THE DAIS. (NOTE: WE
DO NOT KNOW WHETHER THE QUEEN'S HUSBAND, PRINCE
CLAUS, WILL BE WELL ENOUGH TO PARTICIPATE IN THE
WELCOMING CEREMONY AND DINNER. IF NOT, THE QUEEN
MAY BE ESCORTED BY HER SON, THE PRINCE OF ORANGE. )
THE NATIONAL ANTHEMS WILL BE PLAYED AND THE
PRESIDENT WILL BE INVITED TO INSPECT THE GUARD OF
HONOR.
DECLASSIFIED
PRESS: A PRESS POOL WILL COVER THE ARRIVAL
Department of State Guidelines-
E.O. 12958, SEC 3.4 (B), July 21, 1997
By It NARA, Date 06/06/23
CONF HAFNTLAI
PRIORITY
CONFIDENTIAL
WHITE HOUSE SITUATION ROOM
PAGE 02 OF 05
CEREMONY FROM A SPECIAL PODIUM AT ONE SIDE OF THE
PALACE GROUNDS.
1915 THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. BUSH AND THE QUEEN
WILL BE ESCORTED INTO THE PALACE FOR CHAMPAGNE IN
THE RODE SALON.
1925 THOSE GUESTS NOT STAYING AT THE PALACE WILL
DEPART FOR THE HOTEL.
NOTE: MR. M.W. SCHUIT, THE MARSHAL OF THE COURT,
HAS INFORMED US THAT THE ARRIVAL CEREMONY IS FOR
THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. BUSH ALTHOUGH OTHER SENIOR
OFFICIALS COULD BE ACCOMMODATED IF DESIRED. THOSE
OFFICIALS PARTICIPATING IN THE DINNER WOULD DEPART
THE PALACE AT 1925 AND MUST BE BACK BY 1950. WE
SUGGEST THE DINNER GUESTS SKIP THE WELCOME
CEREMONY AND INSTEAD GO DIRECTLY TO THEIR HOTEL
FROM THE AIRPORT. ALTERNATIVELY, THE US GUESTS
FOR THE DINNER COULD REMAIN AT THE PALACE AFTER
THE WELCOME CEREMONY.
1925 THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. BUSH WILL BE ESCORTED
TO THEIR LIVING QUARTERS IN THE PALACE.
NOTE: PLEASE LET US KNOW WHETHER MRS. BUSH WOULD
LIKE TO HAVE A HAIR DRESSER AVAILABLE AT THIS TIME.
1950 AMERICAN DINNER GUESTS ARRIVE AT THE REAR
ENTRANCE OF THE PALACE. THEY WILL BE RECEIVED BY
THE MARSHAL OF THE COURT AND ESCORTED TO THE RED
RECEPTION ROOM.
2000 DINNER HOSTED BY THE QUEEN AT NOORDEINDE
PALACE. (DRESS IS DARK SUITS FOR THE MEN; SHORT
EVENING DRESSES FOR THE LADIES.) THE OTHER DUTCH
GUESTS AT THE DINNER WILL BE PRIME MINISTER
LUBBERS; DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER/FINANCE MINISTER
KOK; AND FOREIGN MINISTER VAN DEN BROEK. EC
GUESTS AT THE DINNER WILL BE EC PRESIDENT JACQUES
CONFIDENTIAL
PRIORITY
CONFIDENTIAL
WHITE HOUSE SITUATION ROOM
PAGE 03 OF 05
DELORS: EC VICE PRESIDENT ANDRIESSEN; AND
PRESIDENT OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT BARON
CRESPO.
THE QUEEN'S AIDE DE CAMP AND LADY IN WAITING WILL
ESCORT THE PRESIDENT AND MRS BUSH FROM THEIR
SUITES TO THE BALCONY ROOM ON THE SAME FLOOR WHERE
THEY WILL BE MET BY THE QUEEN.
PRESS: THERE MAY BE A BRIEF PHOTO SESSION, WITH,
IN ADDITION TO OFFICIAL DUTCH AND WHITE HOUSE
PHOTOGRAPHERS, ONE US AND ONE DUTCH PRESS POOL
STILL PHOTOGRAPHER AND POSSIBLY A SMALL TELEVISION
CREW. ALL PRESS WILL DEPART IMMEDIATELY AFTER
THIS SESSION. THERE WILL BE NO FURTHER PRESS
BT
#8049
BT
C 0 N DENT A SECTION 02 OF 02 THE HAGUE 08049
STATE FOR A/TSS - BULL, EUR/NE - WAGNER
WHITEHOUSE FOR ROGICH AND PARMER
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
TAGS: OVIP, (BUSH, GEORGE)
SUBJECT: DRAFT SCENARIO FOR ACTIVITIES AT
COVERAGE ON FRI-DAY EVENING.
2005 DINNER GUESTS ARE ESCORTED TO THE BALCONY
ROOM TO BE RECEIVED BY THE QUEEN AND THE PRESIDENT
AND MRS. BUSH. AS THE GUESTS LEAVE THE RECEIVING
LINE THEY WILL ENTER THE ADJOINING SMALL BALLROOM
FOR COCKTAILS.
2030 ALL THE GUESTS EXCEPT THE PRINCIPALS WILL BE
ESCORTED TO THE GALLERY ROOM WHERE THEY WILL TAKE
THEIR PLACES AT THE TABLE. ONCE EVERYONE IS
STANDING IN PLACE, THE QUEEN AND HER ESCORT AND
THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. BUSH WILL ENTER AND TAKE
T.INFIRENTIAL
PRIORITY
CONFIDENTIAL
WHITE HOUSE SITUATION ROOM
PAGE 04 OF 05
THEIR PLACES. THE QUEEN AND THE PRESIDENT WILL BE
SEATED TOGETHER AT THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE TABLE;
MRS. BUSH AND THE QUEEN'S ESCORT ON THE LEFT.
EVERYONE WILL BE SEATED. THE QUEEN WILL RISE AND
GIVE A TOAST OF NOT MORE THAN THREE MINUTES. THE
PRESIDENT MAY RESPOND IMMEDIATELY AFTERWARDS WITH
A SIMILARLY SHORT TOAST.
2200 COFFEE WILL BE SERVED AT THE TABLE AFTER
DINNER.
2215 THE DINNER PARTY WILL RETURN TO THE SMALL
BALLROOM FOR AFTER-DINNER DRINKS.
NOTE: WHEN THE PRESIDENT WISHES TO RETIRE, HE AND
MRS. BUSH AND THE QUEEN AND HER ESCORT WILL FORM A
RECEIVING LINE TO SAY GOOD NIGHT TO THE OTHER
GUESTS. THE PRESIDENT AND MRS BUSH WILL BE
ESCORTED TO THEIR ROOMS BY THE QUEENS ADC AND THE
LADY IN WAITING. (IF THE PRESIDENT WISHES, HE MAY
INDICATE BEFOREHAND THE TIME AT WHICH HE WOULD
LIKE TO RETIRE AND THE QUEEN WILL BE INFORMED. )
NOTE: THOSE STAFF WHO ARE STAYING AT THE
NOORDEINDE PALACE WILL BE SERVED DINNER IN THE
MAROT DINING ROOM. THIS PARALLEL DINNER WILL
START JUST AFTER AND END JUST BEFORE THE
PRINCIPALS' DINNER.
SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 9, 1991
0750 THE PRESIDENT WILL DEPART FROM THE PALACE TO
THE CATSHUIS- THE OFFICIAL RESIDENCE OF THE PRIME
MINISTER WHERE BREAKFAST WILL BE SERVED. THE
QUEEN'S ADC WILL ESCORT THE PRESIDENT FROM HIS
SUITE TO THE MOTORCADE AT THE REAR ENTRANCE.
MRS. BUSH WILL BE SERVED BREAKFAST IN HER SUITE.
SHE WILL BE MET AT THE PALACE BY MRS. LUBBERS AND
PROCEED WITH HER ITINERARY.
CONFIDENTIAL
PRIURITY
CONFIDENTIAL
WHITE HOUSE SITUATION ROOM
PAGE 05 OF 05
NOTE: THE QUEEN HAS NOT DECIDED WHEN SHE WILL BID
HER OFFICIAL GOODBYE TO THE PRESIDENT. SHE MAY DO
SO AT THE END OF THE DINNER FRIDAY NIGHT OR WHEN
THE PRESIDENT DEPARTS FOR THE CATSHUIS ON SATURDAY
MORNING. HOWEVER, THE QUEEN MAY DECIDE TO ATTEND
THE LUNCHEON AT THE RIDDERZAAL ON SATURDAY. IF
SHE ATTENDS, SHE WILL SAY GOODBYE TO THE PRESIDENT
FOLLOWING THE LUNCH. WILKINS
BT
#8049
CONFIRENTIAL
McGroarty/Bunton
October 31, 1991
4:00 p.m.
[HAGUE.TST]
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: TOAST AT THE STATE DINNER
HOSTED BY QUEEN BEATRIX
NOORDIENDE PALACE
THE HAGUE, THE NETHERLANDS
NOVEMBER 8, 1991
x:00 PM?? 8:30
Your Majesty, [Mr. Prime Minister], distinguished members of
the Dutch Government: my thanks to you for this warm and
gracious welcome. / Barbara and I well remember our first trip
to your country two years ago. Our visit to the majestic
Pieterskerk in Leiden stands out: it is a special moment for any
American to set foot on the streets our Pilgrims walked so many
centuries ago. //
I learned at Leiden that The Netherlands is a land of origin
in more ways than one. I was told the Bush family tree -- well
before my time -- included a Dutch ancestor named Abigail Jenney.
[[Apparently she went straight from Plymouth Rock to
Kennebunkport. ]] The discovery of old Aunt Abigail makes this
meeting of friends a family reunion -- perfect for two nations
that have been allies for more than 200 years. //
Your majesty, since we last met, a chain reaction of change
has transformed this continent. In the summer of 1989, I came to
the Netherlands from "the other Europe" -- the Europe behind the
Wall. It will be two years tomorrow that the wall that tore
Europe in two itself came crashing down. //
Through those two years, as the captive nations of the East
shook off their chains, Western Europe continued its own steady
2
march toward a single market and greater political integration.
The European Community found itself at the center of change --
its role now recognized in the regular summits we begin tomorrow.
//
Each day makes more clear that the problems we confront
require common action. Far beyond this continent, a Europe that
speaks and acts as one can promote positive change -- and advance
the cause of the great commonwealth of free nations. //
Consider the Gulf War, and the common stand we took against
aggression; the quest for peace in the Middle East -- or, closer
to home, Europe's effort to end the bitter civil war now ravaging
Yugoslavia. //
Your Majesty, the people of the Netherlands support progress
toward European unity as a logical step for the nations that call
this continent home. We in the United States share the view that
free nations on both sides of the Atlantic should act in concert.
In that spirit, let us raise our glasses:
To Queen Beatrix and the people of the Netherlands; to the
centuries-old friendship that binds our two countries -- and to
the enduring principles that link America and Europe.
# # #
31703109348;# 1/ 9
91 OCT 25 P 1 : 15
EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
The Hague, The Netherlands
Political Section
Embassy Switchboard: (31)(70) 310-9209
Direct to Sender, Political Section: (31)(70) 310-9341
FAX Number: (31)(70) 310-9348
FAX COVER SHEET
Number of Pages (inc. this sheet) 9
Date:
25.OCT 91
TO:
Jeannie Bunton, WH Speechwriters Office
FAX
#
202/456-6218 / 202 - 456 - 7929
FROM:
Larry Rossin, Pol Counselor
SUBJECT:
Materials on The Ridderzaal (Pres. Speech site)
REFERENCE:
our phone conversation 10/25
MESSAGE: Following is some background info on the Ridderzaal and
the Binnenhof. The B'hof is the complex of old buildings in the
center of the Hague where the PM's office, cabinet room ("Treveszaal"),
parliament chambers and Ridderzaal are located. The Ridderzaal
is the old core of the Hinnenhof -- indeed of the city itself -- and
sits in an inner court of the Binnenhof. I think it should be
clear from the following information.
The control officer for the President's speech/luncheon event in the
Ridderzaal is Lucy Reed, phone 31-70-310-9376. She can help you
further if needed.
I spoke to the control officer for the American School event,
our Commercial Counselor Mike Hegedus and asked he call you to
discuss that event further.
All the best.
25-10-91 18:37
: USEMBASSY The Hague NL Pol Sec
31703109348;# 2/ 9
the hague binnenhof
Information Centre: No. 9a Binnenhof, 'phone 646144
Open: 1st April to 30th September, Monday to Saturday, from
10.00 to 16.00 M. Closed on Sundays.
Admission fee: 11s. 1,- per person: children up to the age of 12
and parties fis. 0.50, on application to the VVV.
Other Rooms of the Binnenhof:
First Chamber, No. 22 Binnenhof, phone 183180
Open: (when not in use) Monday to Friday from 09.00 to 17.00 h.
Second Chamber: No. ta Binnenhol. 'phone 614911
Open: (when not in use) 15th April to 21th September.
Monday to Saturday from 10.00 to 12.00 h. and from 14.00 to 16.00 h.
Hall of Knights, No. 14 Binnenhof
Open: (when not in use) 1st April to 1st October, Monday to
Saturday. from 10.00 to 17.00 h.
Closed on Sundays and public holidays.
Treveszal and Statenzaal, No. 20 Binnenhof, 'phone 659810
Open: (when not in use) Monday to Thursday. from 10.00 to
12.00 h. and from 14.00 to 16.00 h.
For tourist information, excursions and hotel reservations:
apply to VVV THE HAGUE. phone 394950 No. 38 Parkstreat,
Hollandee spoor Railway Station, Govere Deynectplein.
:::
the
STATES
The
SECURITY
pl.
-
...
THE
"
-
EEENTER
Please DMr File-
TP (TOAST)
CONFIDENTIAL
10/31
POINTS TO BE MADE FOR
QUEEN'S DINNER ON THE OCCASION OF THE US-EC SUMMIT
Your Majesty, I am delighted to be able to return to the
Netherlands after just two years to participate in the first
US-EC summit in Europe.
We were deeply touched by the warm and spontaneous welcome
we received then.
And the welcome this time is no less warm. This reflects
our excellent bilateral relations and our long history of
close cooperation.
By It NARA, Date
PER DOS WAIVER, DECLASSIFIED November 6, 2015
My meetings tomorrow and the now regular US-EC summits are a
measure of the dynamism and growing importance of the
European Community. And they demonstrate the importance we
attach to developing close and productive ties with the
Community.
It is in our mutual interest that ours be a cooperative,
complementary, and constructive relationship.
It is increasingly evident that we must work together to
find solutions to major international problems. We have an
NARA, Date 06/06/23
E.O. By 12958, SEC 3.4 (B), July 21, 1997
important role to play together in dealing with current and
Department of State Guidelines
future challenges, both in Europe and beyond.
DECLASSIFIED
I hope that our consultations will further the spirit of
cooperation that has been developed between the United
States and Europe and underline the enduring nature of the
transatlantic partnership.
(Contingency if issue raised by the Queen)
When we last met, you asked me whether the U.S. would
participate in the International Court of Justice case filed
CONFIDENTIAL
Declassify on: OADR
CONFIDENTIAL
2
against us by the Government of Iran concerning the
shootdown of the Iran Air airbus.
Since then, the U.S. has been actively participating in the
case. We filed a major memorial on jurisdiction in March
1991.
In addition, we are working with the "Perm Five" to promote
use of the Court.
CONFIDENTIAL
Bush tells of New World dream in East Europe
"In Leiden, where the Pilgrims
By Paul Bedard
THE WASHINGTON TIMES
6/173/183
dreamed of their new world, let us
pledge our efforts to create a new
LEIDEN, Netherlands - Presi-
world in Europe, whole and free," he
said.
dent Bush, describing Eastern Eu-
Sending a message to the Kremlin
rope as today's New World, yester-
not to worry about hidden U.S. mo-
day ended his 10-day European tour
tives, Mr. Bush said, "We will plan a
here in the city where Pilgrims
constructive role in Eastern Eu-
sought refuge before sailing to
rope's economic development, in the
America.
WASH. 07-18-89
development of political plural-
"Today, as when the Pilgrims left
ism.
That is why America's rela-
this city, a new world lies within our
tions with the Soviet Union are so
reach," Mr. Bush said.
important. Improved relations with
Making the first visit by a U.S.
the U.S.S.R. reduce pressure on the
president to the Netherlands, where
nations of Eastern Europe, espe-
democracy is older than the United
cially those on the cutting edge of
States, Mr. Bush addressed towns-
reform."
people in the ornate 500-year-old St.
Mr. Bush also announced yester-
Pieterskerk Church.
"The new world we seek is shaped
day that he plans to send Congress
this week the White House draft for
by an idea an idea of universal
a new Clean Air Act.
appeal and undeniable force. And
that idea is democracy," the presi-
Mr. Lubbers' government, one of
dent said.
the longest in the history of the
Assessing his trip to Poland, Hun-
Netherlands, fell in May when it
gary and Paris for the economic
failed to win support for a funding
summit, Mr. Bush welcomed the
plan to the country's new environ-
changes he saw in the communist
mental program, aimed at cleaning
world, saying he heard "new voices,
up this highly polluted and industri-
full of hope.
alized country.
"Theirs were the faces of pilgrims
Mr. Bush noted the summit's con-
AP
on a journey - fixed on the horizon,
cern over global warming, a special
President Bush and Dutch Prime Minister Ruud Lubbers share laugh before taking a walk in Mr. Lubbers garden.
on the new world coming into view."
concern to this nation which is well
The president's visit here was full
below sea level.
of symbolism. Not only is Leiden the
Explained resident Leny Kiewik:
Democratic and Republican presi-
Earlier, Mr. Bush had tea with
As he did during the 200th anni-
city from which the Mayflower
"We are a small country, but we oc-
dents are linked. We believe that the
Queen Beatrix and met with Prime
versary of the French Revolution
sailed- stopping in England before
cupy ourselves with all the problems
American reality began right here,"
Minister Ruud Lubbers, who heads
last weekend, Mr. Bush compli-
landing in Massachusetts — but the
of the world."
he said.
a caretaker government until elec-
mented his host country for standing
Netherlands has held the longest
As if to offset the negative posters,
Mr. Bush smiled with interest as
tions in September.
firmly behind democratic govern-
continuous relationship with the
she pointed to one that said "Leiden
his direct ties to the Mayflower were
The trip to the Netherlands pro-
ment. The Netherlands has some 26
is 'George'ous," and noted U.S. flags
vided Mr. Bush with a natural end-
United States. In 1782 it signed the
independent political parties.
Treaty of Amity and Commerce
flying on windmills, "normally
ing to his "democracy tour." After
Referring to the Netherlands'
hand-delivered by John Adams, who
something that happens only on the
visits to Poland and Hungary, he won
Mr. Bush's direct ties
struggle against the Nazis, he said:
was, as Mr. Bush is, a descendant of
queen's anniversary."
support for a Eastern European aid
"Freedom can never be extin-
the Mayflower Pilgrims.
Mr. Bush also learned for the first
to the Mayflower were
program at the economic summit.
guished - not then, not now. Even in
Leiden also is a city rich in free
time he is directly linked to Francis
Calling aid to Poland, Hungary
speech, as Mr. Bush and his wife
outlined during a
and Western allies in the Third
Europe behind the [Berlin] Wall, the
Cooke, who set sail in the Mayflower
dream of freedom for all Europe has
Barbara saw when their motorcade
for the New World in 1620.
World the key to expanding freedom,
never died. It's alive today - in War-
passed through crowd-lined streets
Leiden Mayor C.H. Goekoop said
theatrical production.
Mr. Bush said, "it's more than a mat-
saw and Gdansk, in Budapest, and
laced with posters reading, "Bush
Mr. Bush, a 12th generation May-
ter of economic development. De-
yes, across the Soviet Union."
out of Nicaragua," "Oliver North for
flower descendant, is also related to
mocracy is at stake.
two other U.S. presidents, William
"Freedom can nourish the barren
Soviet President Mikhail Gorba-
President," and "Get out of Puerto
Rico."
Howard Taft and Franklin D. Roose-
outlined during a theatrical produc-
soil of poverty, just as the Pilgrims
chev sent a letter to the summit lead-
"I'm not sure about some of those
velt.
tion complete with orchestra, choir
landed upon a desolate rock and laid
ers seeking entry into the free
signs I saw coming in," the president
"Yes, here in Leiden, not only the
and special display.
the foundations of the freedom and
world's economy, a signal Mr. Bush
said. "It reminded me of my own
Dutch and American nations come
"I'm glad to be back with my cous-
prosperity that we know today," he
said indicates the growing harmony
together, indeed even the families of
ins," the president chuckled.
said.
between the East and West.
university (Yale], however."
WASH. POST: 07-18-89
Bush Lauds
U.S.-Dutch
Friendship
Historic Visit Ends
9-Day European Trip
173/6
By David S. Broder
Washington Post Foreign Service
LEIDEN, The Netherlands, July
is 12 generations removed from
fly to other European capitals, the
17-President Bush repaid a debt
Francis Cooke, an English Pilgrim
Dutch provided a warm welcome to
of almost four centuries today when
who lived briefly in the Nether-
the president and Mrs. Bush.
he came to the early 17th century
lands.
Queen Beatrix and her consort,
haven of the Pilgrims and saluted
Bush reiterated last week's
Prince Claus, came to Amsterdam's
the Dutch people for a "friendship
promises of U.S. assistance to re-
airport to greet the Bushes after
older than the American Constitu-
form-minded governments in East-
their short flight from Paris, site of
tion."
ern Europe. And he welcomed the
the economic summit of leading in-
The first American president to
scheduled 1992 creation of "the
dustrial nations, and then took them
visit this staunch ally and major
trading partner, Bush was enter-
single European market and a more
to Noordeinde Palace for tea.
integrated European Community,"
Bush met over lunch with Lub-
tained by Queen Beatrix and Prime
for which the Dutch have led the
bers, who has taken political risks
Minister Ruud Lubbers, whose sup-
campaign.
to support U.S. nuclear policy in
port of U.S. policies in NATO has
made him a favorite of the last two
But more significant than Bush's
Europe. Lubbers's government
administrations.
familiar words was his presence in
broke up last May over an environ-
On the final full day of his second
this nation of 14.5 million people,
mental issue, and he is leading a
the third-largest foreign investor in
caretaker coalition until fall elec-
European tour, Bush visited the
the United States but a-land in
tions.
12th-to-15th century stone Pieters-
kerk (St. Peter's Church), where
which no previous president had set
The streets leading to the Pie-
the bones of John Robinson, the
foot.
terskerk were lined with schoolchil-
Pilgrim pastor, are interred. Rob-
After a long history of neutralism,
dren and townspeople enjoying a
inson's flock, fleeing from James I's
the Netherlands joined NATO and
Monday holiday. "George and Bar,
insistence that they join the Church
became a stalwart ally of the United
Leiden Loves You," one banner
of England, found refuge in Leiden
read.
States after World War II. In recent
in 1609.
A nearby windmill was festooned
years, Dutch activists have led their
Eleven years later, 46 men, wo-
nation to take a front-line role on
with flags of both countries. Re-
men and children, reinforced by
other Pilgrims from England, sailed
numerous social issues, pushing for
flecting the activism of the Dutch
from Leiden across the Atlantic on
international action to save the en-
left, occasional signs protested
vironment, experimenting with lib-
"Contra terrorism" and called for a
the Mayflower to found Plymouth
eral responses to drug abuse and
"nuclear-free world." One enterpris-
Colony in Bush's native Massachu-
demonstrating in the early 1980s
ing Dutchman raised a sign saying,
setts.
Today, Leiden's mayor, C.H.
against the placement of new nuclear
"Buy Your Wooden Shoes Here,
Mr. President." Bush passed up the
Goekoop, gave Bush the city's med-
missiles in Western Europe.
The Netherlands, which is about
invitation.
al as a reminder that 379 years ago,
"the American dream-and the
twice the size of New Jersey, has
Tonight, the queen hosted a state
American reality-began right
also played an outsized role on mor-
dinner in the Bushes' honor. They
here."
al issues. During the war years, the
return to Washington Tuesday.
Standing before crossed Dutch
Dutch organized protest strikes to
and American flags, Bush paid trib-
oppose the Nazi roundup of Jews.
ute to Holland's contributions to
More recently, the government has
America and to Europe. The tradi-
permitted euthanasia, or what it
tion of freedom the Pilgrims
calls "mild death," for hopelessly ill
brought from Leiden to the New
patients.
World, he said, "is alive today in
After decades of watching one
Warsaw and Gdansk, in Budapest
U.S. chief executive after another
and across the Soviet Union."
The president's reference to the
Pilgrims took on a personal dimen-
sion when his hosts surprised him
with a family tree showing that he
TIMES: 07-18-89
Bush Welcomed by Dutch,
Calls for East-West Unity
By JAMES GERSTENZANG, Times Staff Writer 4173
LEIDEN, the Netherlands-
The President's arrival turned
President Bush, given a fond,
POur hope is that the unnatural
Leiden, the birthplace of the Dutch
friendly welcome Monday in the
division of Europe will now come to
master Rembrandt, into a well-
Dutch town that sheltered the
an end-that the Europe behind
mannered carnival, with the blue-,
Pilgrims before they reached
the wall will join its neighbors to
white- and red-striped Dutch flag
America, saluted the lessening of
the West, prosperous and free," he
displayed with the American flag
said.
tensions across Europe and said the
throughout the town, local resi-
West now has the opportunity "to
Bush's 25-hour visit to the Neth-
dents lining the streets and small
integrate the Soviet Union into the
erlands was marked by the usual
knots of demonstrators mixing
community of nations."
tight security surrounding the
their protest signs with less-politi-
President overseas.
"The challenge we face is clear:
call messages.
Dutch officials seemed bemused
We must work together toward the
Thus, one group attacked fund-
day when all of Europe-East and
by Bush's mammoth motorcade,
ing for the anti-Sandinista rebels in
with its three limousines and
West-is free of discord, free of
Nicaragua, another criticized the
division," Bush said, speaking from
President's anti-abortion stand and
squadrons of staff vans, which
the pulpit of the Pieterskerk, a
another banner stretched across
snaked through narrow, cobble-
stoned streets at a fraction of its
towering brick church dedicated in
his motorcade route read "Buy
1121.
usual speed.
Your Wood Shoes Over Here, Mr.
President."
The reason was soon clear: Only
In an address to the citizens of
hours after Bush's entourage
Leiden, a storybook town of small
Leiden, which its mayor, G.H.
shops, narrow streets and the ubiq-
Goekoop, said lies "in the middle of
roared out of the medieval court-
uitous canals of coastal Holland on
the world-between Amsterdam
yard of the Parliament building in
the North Sea, Bush offered an
and Rotterdam, London and Berlin,
The Hague, Lubbers decided it was
optimistic view of East-West rela-
Washington and Moscow," has a
time to head home as well.
tions on the next-to-last day of a
history to match the message of the
The Dutch leader walked out the
President's address.
door of his office accompanied by
10-day trip to Poland, Hungary,
In 1609, the Pilgrims settled here
exactly two aides. When four
France and the Netherlands. He is
in their flight from religious perse-
young men on the sidewalk called
due back in Washington today.
cution in England. They remained
to him-"Hey! Mr. Lubbers!"-
"We will play a constructive role
until 1620, when they sailed to the
ambled over for a chat.
in Eastern Europe's economic de-
New World.
Then, still unprotected by any
velopment, in the development of
!"We believe that the American
visible security, he walked across
political pluralism-and in creating
reality began right here, began
the street, got into his car and went
an international climate in which
when the Pilgrims asked for ref-
home.
reform can succeed," the President
uge," the mayor said in his intro-
pledged, to an audience that in-
duction of Bush.
cluded Queen Beatrix and her hus-
It was in Leiden that the United
band, Prince Claus.
Provinces of the Netherlands were
"Improved relations with the
founded in 1579, becoming the first
U.S.S.R. reduce pressure on the
democratic form of government
nations of Eastern Europe-espe-
here. And its bill of rights, written
cially those on the cutting edge of
in' 1609, led it to become a haven for
reform," Bush said, adding: "The
political refugees-a reputation it
new world we seek is a common-
holds to this day.
wealth of free nations working in
concert, a world where more and
Refuge From Nazi Occupiers
more nations enter a widening
During World War II, Bush
circle of freedom."
pointed out, "behind these walls
He said that "the Soviet Union
above the rafters, Resistance fight-
has nothing to fear from the re-
ers, university students, took ref-
uge from the forces of [Nazi]
forms that are now unfolding in
occupation and found safe haven in
some of the nations of Eastern
this church."
Europe." He pledged to follow "a
The dramatic history of the
carefully calibrated approach" in
church fed the emotion of the
addressing the needs of the politi-
moment, as did the brief recital by
cal, and economic reform that has
the Bach Chorus of Holland and the
been the focus of his journey.
Amsterdam Chamber Orchestra of
The visit to the Netherlands,
the J.S. Bach cantata "Softly flow
during which Bush also conferred
with gentle murmurings, you rip-
in The Hague, the seat of govern-
pling waves," a unique introduction
ment, with Prime Minister Ruud
for a presidential speech on East-
Lubbers, was the first by an Amer-
West relations.
ican President.
The President, who has grown
It was viewed as an opportunity
increasingly optimistic in his re-
to thank the Dutch for the political
marks about Eastern Europe and
support they have provided in the
the Soviet Union as his trip prog-
North Atlantic Treaty Organiza-
ressed, told his audience here that
tion, supporting U.S. efforts to
"today, as when the Pilgrims left
build up NATO military hardware
this city, a new world lies within
at a time when much of Western
our reach."
Europe has balked.
Dutch, Digging Deep, Find Bush's Pilgrim Roots
6/173
By MAUREEN DOWD
Secret Service agents who keep photo-
dured four decades of privation and
Special to The New York Times
copies of the Bush family tree back in
The visitors are
hardship and persecution and fear," he
Washington, to keep track of the Presi-
said.
LEIDEN, the Netherlands, July 17 -
dent's sprawling family, were dis-
President Bush discovered his Pilgrim
regaled with
"Today that 'other Europe' is chang-
mayed to see another lengthy family
ing. The great wheel is moving once
roots today, listened to an organ inter-
tree appear.
more. And our time, the exciting time
pretation of "Boola, Boola," and told
the last audience of his European tour
spectacle of the 70-car Presidential
'Boola, Boola' on
in which we all live, is a time of new
motorcade, the carloads of White
hope, the hope that all of Europe can'
that nations around the world are join
House aides and specialists and the
ing in "a widening circle of freedom."
the organ.
now know the freedom that the Nether
Adding another pin on the map of his
250-member press contingent. Helicop-
lands has known, that America has!
ters clattered overhead and security
known, and that the West has known."
international premieres, Mr. Bush be-
came the first American President to
police officers in rubber rafts mingled
"And today, as when the Pilgrims:
left this city, a new world lies within
visit the Netherlands while in office. He
with ducks and swans in the pond next
The Mayor told the President that
to the Parliament building, shattering
two of his ancestors had lived in Leid-
our reach,' he said, adding that the,
praised the Dutch, saying that the
the 17th-century tableau.
en, had a child here, and sailed on the
new world would be shaped by the idea
friendship between their country and
the United States "is older than the
It is illegal here to own or carry a
Mayflower in 1620. Francis Cooke, a
of democracy.
American Constitution" and that the
gun, with an exception for hunters, but
signer of the Mayflower compact, and
Dutch officials were not searching the
Hester De La Noye had a daughter
Another Family Connection
Dutch Government was one of the
Secret Service. "We haven't looked,"
named Jane, who was Mr. Bush's
models that had inspired the Founding
Mr. Bush stressed the same themes
an official told a Dutch reporter, "and
"grandmother" 11 generations re-
Fathers.
that he has throughout Europe: that,
we don't want to know."
moved, the Mayor said.
His 24-hour visit to The Hague, the
America stands ready to help, but not
When Mr. Bush spoke at a medieval
Hester's sister, Marie De La Noye,
seat of government, and to the univer-
intrude, to guide but not dominate and
church in Leiden, the audience laughed
also had a child in Leiden called Phi-
sity town of Leiden, where the Pilgrims
to welcome the Soviet Union and any
lived before sailing to the New World,
at the sight of a welter of television peo-
lippe. The De La Noye turned into Dela-
other nation that genuinely seeks frée-
capped the President's 10-day trip to
ple barreling down the aisle to the
no, and Philippe's grandchild, seven
dom into the circle of allies.
front. One cameraman was stationed
times removed, was Franklin Delano
(
Eastern Europe and the economic
summit meeting in Paris.
in the pulpit and, much to the audi-
Roosevelt, the Mayor said.
"The Soviet Union has nothing to
ence's surprise, there were several
"Two sisters, two Presidents,"
fear from the reforms that are now un-
The President looked tired when he
monitors set up around the church re-
Mayor Goekoop told the audience, as
folding in some of the nations of East-
arrived here this morning, greeted at
the airport by Queen Beatrix and
flecting their image.
the President and First Lady listened
ern Europe," he said. "General Secre-
in fascination.
tary Gorbachev's recent letter two
Prince Claus and a military band in
A Long Family Tree
days ago to the economic summit is
bearskin caps and Dutch police officers
During the Presidential campaign
'A Time of New Hope'
only the latest example of the Soviets
wearing black leather pants and driv-
moving in our direction, coming our,,
ing white convertible Porsches,
last year, Mr. Bush joked that in con-
Before speaking to several hundred
way." On the subject of pluralism, he
trast to his Democratic rival, Gov. Mi-
people at the five-century-old church,
An Emotional Speech
chael S. Dukakis of Massachusetts, the
the Pieterskerk, the President was
found receptive listeners in the Dutch,
who count 26 political parties.
But the warmth and elegance of the
son of Greek immigrants, his own an-
treated to a program by the Amster-
greeting, and the thousands of people
cestors came over on the Mayflower
dam Chamber Orchestra of Mozart
Later, the Bushes were shown
lining the route of his motorcade,
carrying Bloomingdale's shopping
and a special interpretation of the Yale
around the church by Dr. Thed N.
seemed to revive him, and he delivered
bags.
fight song.
Schelmaas, Keeper of the Records for
one of the most emotional speeches of
But today the Mayor of Leiden,
Mr. Bush talked about "the Europe
the city. Dr. Schelmaas said he had
his trip.
Cornelis Hieronymus Goekoop, told the
behind the wall" and the Europe that
found a family connection between
The Hague seemed overwhelmed by
President about his Pilgrim ancestors
had dug itself out of the rubble to free-
himself and the President. The Presi-
the noisy invasion of the Presidential
and gave him a copy of his family tree.
dom.
dent who had discovered his roots mar-
party. Residents were amused by the
The White House staff members and
"The Europe behind the wall en-
veled, "You and I are related?"
Onsteine
Van Kon NW Laan
westeint
The Netherlands
Riis Wijkse Weg
Major Cities: The Hague, Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Utrecht, Haarlem, Leiden,
Wel.Kade
Kade
Maastricht, Eindhoven, Groningen, Nijmegen
Wet.
Hoefkade
Prinse Gracht
THE NETHERLANDS had no history
meaning "The Count's (Graven's)
VaillantLean
of unity before the late 16th century. It
Hedge.' This hedge surrounded the
was ruled by Romans, Franks, Burgun-
original hunting lodge of Count Willem
dians, English, Spanish, French, and
II of Holland. After 1248, he erected a
Germans-all the while continuing its
stronghold, of which the present "Hall
De Reyweg
endless struggle against the relentless
of Knights" forms a part. It included
sea. Its name means "low countries"
the site of the present parliament build-
Regentesse Laan
and, in fact, half of its area has been
ings. These, together with the inner and
reclaimed from the waters of the North
outer courtyards and the Hofvijver (arti-
Weg
Sea.
ficial lake), form the medieval heart of
apey
Soestdijkse
the town.
This small European nation is popularly
Laan
called Holland by foreigners, but that
Nearby is the Voorhout, a park-lined
Laan
designation is more appropriately used
avenue where the American Embassy
only in reference to the old, northwest-
is located. A mile away is Peace Palace,
ern maritime provinces which lie below
which houses the International Court of
sea level.
Meerdervourt
Haagweg
Justice and the Permanent Court of Arbi-
tration; it was built in 1913 from funds
Major Cities
Sportlaan
donated principally by the American
steel millionaire, Andrew Carnegie.
THE HAGUE is the seat of govern-
ment, court, and States General (parlia-
The Hague is host to over 60 foreign
ment) in the Netherlands, although Am-
embassies. Queen Beatrix chose to live
sterdam is the de jure capital. With more
in The Hague following her coronation;
than 443,450 inhabitants, it is the coun-
she receives ambassadors and heads of
try's third largest city, after Amsterdam
state in the magnificent Huis ten Bosch
and Rotterdam. A most attractive urban
Palace.
center, it is clean and well maintained,
and has a casual, small-city atmosphere.
Most residents of The Hague live in sub-
urbs of seemingly endless apartments
The Hague takes its name from the older
and rowhouses. An exception is the ex-
and longer version, 's Gravenhage,
pensive suburb of Wassenaar, which is
511
Netherlands
Cities of the World
3rd Edition
Cities of the Worl
landscaped and spacious. The city is
leges as Brown, Yale, Tufts, and Van-
taken easily to nearby
also unique in that it has a seaside
derbilt.
dunes, and woods.
resort-Scheveningen-with a lovely
beach and pier.
The middle school has recently acquired
The many lakes, canals
computers, and these skills are taught
vide ample opportunity
Because The Hague has no large indus-
as early as fifth grade. A preschool pro-
motorboating. Sailboats
tries, it suffers little or no pollution.
gram is patterned after nursery schools
canoes can be rented a
Many U.S. firms are located here and,
and kindergartens in the U.S.
on the banks of these W
as a result, the American community
ing and sailing are pop
numbers in the hundreds. Some 60 for-
American School is located near the re-
membership in one of
eign governments have diplomatic mis-
sort section of Scheveningen on the
yacht clubs usually ca
sions in the city.
North Sea, one of the loveliest areas
without much difficulty.
of The Hague. The mailing address is:
Schools for Foreigners
Doornstraat 6, 2584 AM, The Hague,
Since the climate is quit
The Netherlands.
is no need for the long
The American School of The Hague of-
seek relief, except to est
fers a complete elementary, middle, and
Special educational opportunities are
ony of the cloudy an
high school program headed by Ameri-
available for adults at Dutch universities
months. The weather in
can principals. Founded in 1953, the
but, in addition to the necessary aca-
in this part of Europe
school is accredited by the European
demic preparation, a good command of
the nearest place to fir
Council of International Schools and the
the language is a prerequisite.
southern France. In gent
Middle States Association of Colleges
visiting or working in t
and Secondary Schools. With the excep-
Day and evening art classes are open
use their weekends and I
tion of native foreign language instruc-
for enrollment at Vrije Academie and
short trips within the C
tors, the faculty is almost entirely Amer-
other institutions in The Hague. Dance
their local leave time fo
ican-trained, and recruited from U.S.
lessons for children and instruction in
European countries.
school systems.
certain sports also can be arranged.
A particularly unique spc
Total enrollment is about 825. Almost
Recreation
is the miniature city o
67 percent of the children are American;
with its accurate repr
the remaining 33 percent represent 37
Sight-seeing in The Hague, or the Neth-
buildings and transport ro
different nationalities. Classes average
erlands in general, is a pleasant, popu-
down size. The museums
20 students each. A few boarding stu-
lar, and relatively inexpensive pastime
with its fine collection of
dents are admitted each year and live
on foot or bicycle, or by car or bus.
and the Gemeente and M
with Dutch families. All boarding stu-
Separate bicycle lanes are provided in
of special interest.
dents must live in approved homes; the
many areas, adding to the safety and
school assists in locating housing
enjoyment of this type of touring. These
Facilities are available f
paths often run parallel and adjacent to
sports. However, organ
The school year runs from mid-August
the sidewalk, so the pedestrian must be
for children under eight
through mid-June, with vacations at
wary of inadvertently walking in bicycle
pendent on the parents.
Christmas, Easter, and seasonal holi-
territory.
fers several unsupervise
days. Students may participate in a vari-
for children, local zoos, a
ety of extracurricular activities. The
Since this is a small country, most points
museum and theater.
high school provides an intensive col-
of interest are easily reached. For a ma-
lege preparatory program designed to
jor change of scenery, one must travel
The Hague Country Clul
permit its graduates to compete academ-
to the southeastern part of Holland or
is excellent for golf but,
ically with students from the better
to a neighboring country, as the Nether-
is expensive and has a loi
schools in the U.S. A high percentage
lands' topography is generally flat or
Another golf club is at No
of graduates attend such prestigious col-
only slightly rolling. Short trips can be
30 minutes from The Ha
512
World
3rd Edition
Cities of the World
3rd Edition
Netherlands
n, Yale, Tufts, and Van-
taken easily to nearby beaches, lakes,
has no public courses. Members of golf
dunes, and woods.
clubs which are recognized by the Neth-
erlands Golf Club Association may play
ool has recently acquired
The many lakes, canals, and rivers pro-
at other clubs in Holland. With a few
I these skills are taught
vide ample opportunity for sailing and
exceptions, such-clubs charge nominal
grade. A preschool pro-
motorboating. Sailboats, rowboats, and
greens fees.
ed after nursery schools
canoes can be rented at various places
ns in the U.S.
on the banks of these waterways. Boat-
Outdoor tennis courts are inexpensive.
ing and sailing are popular sports, and
Several indoor tennis facilities also ex-
ol is located near the re-
membership in one of the numerous
ist. It is customary to wear whites here.
Scheveningen on the
yacht clubs usually can be arranged
The city has adequate badminton facili-
of the loveliest areas
without much difficulty.
ties, butonly a limited number of squash
The mailing address is:
courts.
2584 AM, The Hague,
Since the climate is quite healthy, there
Several attractive and well-maintained
is no need for the long-term visitor to
seek relief, except to escape the monot-
public beaches are close to The Hague
onal opportunities are
ony of the cloudy and rainy winter
and other major coastal cities, but they
ilts at Dutch universities
months. The weather in other countries
are seldom used for swimming because
I to the necessary aca-
in this part of Europe is similar, and
of cool summer temperatures and treach-
on, a good command of
the nearest place to find a change is
erous currents. For serious swimming,
a prerequisite.
southern France. In general, Americans
large public and private indoor pools of-
visiting or working in the Netherlands
fer lessons at moderate prices. Scheven-
g art classes are open
use their weekends and holidays to take
ingen, a nearby beach area, attracts
at Vrije Academie and
short trips within the country, holding
many tourists, particularly Germans,
in The Hague. Dance
their local leave time for tours to other
during the summer. The area has under-
dren and instruction in
European countries.
gone a revitalization centered around a
SO can be arranged.
renovated century-old hotel, The Kur-
haus. The La Mer contains a casino and
A particularly unique spot in The Hague
fine restaurant, and overlooks the sea.
is the miniature city of Madurodam,
with its accurate representations of
The American Baseball Foundation of-
he Hague, or the Neth-
buildings and transport routes in scaled-
fers opportunities for youngsters to par-
il, is a pleasant, popu-
down size. The museums-Mauritshuis,
ticipate in baseball, basketball, and flag-
ly inexpensive pastime
with its fine collection of Dutch masters,
football programs. Adults may play on
cle, or by car or bus.
and the Gemeente and Mesdag-are also
a baseball team which competes in one
lanes are provided in
of special interest.
of the many Dutch leagues. The Founda-
ling to the safety and
tion, a private organization with head-
type of touring. These
Facilities are available for most popular
quarters and playing fields in The Hague
arallel and adjacent to
sports. However, organized activities
area, concentrates its efforts on provid-
the pedestrian must be
for children under eight are mainly de-
ing practically the same extracurricular
ntly walking in bicycle
pendent on the parents. The Hague of-
athletic environment that exists in the
fers several unsupervised play gardens
U.S. Its programs are well organized
for children, local zoos, and a children's
and are an integral feature of American
Il country, most points
museum and theater.
community life. It should be noted that
ily reached. For a ma-
baseball is a popular sport among the
nery, one must travel
The Hague Country Club at Wassenaar
Dutch; many follow the American base-
rn part of Holland or
is excellent for golf but, unfortunately,
ball scene with great interest.
ountry, as the Nether-
is expensive and has a long waiting list.
is generally flat or
Another golf club is at Noordwijk, about
Fishing is popular here and licenses are
ig. Short trips can be
30 minutes from The Hague. The area
easy to obtain. However, one can obtain
513
Netherlands
Cities of the World
3rd Edition
Cities of the
hunting licenses only with an invitation
tional specialties such as pea soup, pan-
to hunt. The license is valid, from April
cakes, and Indonesian food are popular.
1, for one year. Guns cannot be kept
Nightclubs are found in the larger cities.
without a hunting license.
Whiskey and wine are expensive. Good
beer and locally produced spirits are
An indoor and an outdoor ice skating
available at every bar.
rink are open in The Hague from Octo-
ber to March, and inexpensive lessons
Three events of special interest are the
can be arranged. The canals are seldom
colorful ceremony opening the States
frozen long enough for much outdoor
General assembly (parliament) on the
skating. Locally made and imported ice
third Tuesday of September, the official
skates are inexpensive.
celebration each April 30 of Queen Bea-
trix' birthday (her actual birthdate is Jan-
Entertainment
uary 31), and the ceremony opening the
herring fishing season at Scheveningen
Movies are presented in the original lan-
sometime in late May.
guage, with Dutch subtitles. American
movies are shown throughout the coun-
Entertaining is mainly done at home.
try. Plays are presented in Dutch, except
It is quite proper and customary to invite
for occasional performances by English,
guests for after-dinner coffee or for des-
French, German, or Italian companies.
sert and coffee. The Dutch entertain
The country has several excellent acting
chiefly on week nights, reserving week-
companies.
ends for their families; for this reason,
they usually decline invitations for Sat-
The Netherlands Opera Company per-
urdays and Sundays.
forms year round in The Hague, Amster-
dam, and Rotterdam. Each year, several
American women in the capital have the
foreign and three well-known Dutch bal-
option of joining the International Wom-
let companies also perform. Many con-
en's Contact Group or the American
certs are presented annually by foreign
Women's Club of The Hague. The
and local talent.
(U.S.) Embassy Women's Club is also
active.
Tickets for the theater, operas, concerts,
and other events are somewhat less ex-
AMSTERDAM, the constitutional cap-
pensive than in the U.S. and are usually
ital of the Netherlands, also is its largest
available not möre than two days in ad-
city and most important financial and
vance of a performance. When special
commercial center. It is close to Schi-
attractions are offered, such as the Hol-
pol, one of Europe's busiest airports.
land Festival, advance reservations are
Amsterdam is a charming city with a
essential. The Holland Festival, held
population of about 675,600. It is lo-
during early summer, offers cultural at-
cated at the junction of the Amstel and
tractions, especially in music and the-
IJ rivers near the IJsselmeer (formerly
ater.
the Zuider Zee), and attracts more than
five million tourists annually.
There are many restaurants in The
Hague and other large cities. Meals in
The earliest recorded date in Amster-
hotels and restaurants are usually more
dam's history is 1275, when a document
expensive than in America, but the
was drawn granting certain tax exemp-
servings are large. Places featuring na-
Si
tions to the citizens. During the later
514
Holland
Lisse De Nachtegaal van Lisse. The hotel's location just outside 604
The Hague, Scheveningen, and Delft
605
Lodging makes it ideal for visitors to the Keukenhof Gardens. Conve- town
1:30 every day. The trip includes background on the royal fami-
nience, comfort, and excellent sports facilities compensate for
ly and visits to Queen Beatrix's residences. Book in advance at
tional cuisine. Heereweg 10, tel. 02521/14447. 120 rooms with
an impersonal atmosphere. Three restaurants serve interna-
the VVV; cost: Fl. 20 for a three-hour tour. The Hague Muse-
um Bus operates on the same principal as the Amsterdam Mu-
bath. Facilities: restaurant, swimming pool, tennis. AE, DC,
seum Boat: A special VVV shuttle bus takes visitors from one
MC, V. Expensive.
museum to another. The cost is Fl. 2; get details from the VVV.
Utrecht Het Draeckje. This typical Dutch restaurant is set in
Scheveningen and Delft are best seen on foot. The Delft VVV
Dining cellar on Utrecht's loveliest canal. As a member of the a vaulted Neder-
office organizes tours, while the Scheveningen VVV will advise
lands Dis chain of traditional restaurants, it offers a seasonal
on coastal strolls.
local spicy biscuits. Oude Gracht 114-120, tel. 030/321999. Res-
Dutch menu at reasonable prices. Coffee is accompanied by the
Tourist Information
Moderate. ervations advised on weekends. AE, DC, MC. Closed Sun.
Delft. Markt 85, tel. 015/126100. Open Mon.-Sat. 9-6, Sun.
11-3. When the VVV office is closed, the latest hotel informa-
Lodging Malie. The Malie hotel is on a quiet leafy street, a five-minute
tion is posted in the window.
walk from the old center. This small, friendly hotel has
and tractive dining room (breakfast only) overlooking the garden an at-
The Hague. Babylon Center, tel. 070/3546200. Open Apr.-mid-
terrace. It offers special reduced weekend rates when
Sept., Mon.-Sat. 9-8, Sun. 10-5; mid-Sept.-Mar., Mon.-Sat.
booked through the VVV-Tourist Office. Maliestraat 2-4, tel.
9-6, Sun. 10-5.
030/316424. 30 rooms with bath or shower. Facilities: bar, din-
Scheveningen. Gevers Deynootweg 126 (corner of Scheve-
ing room (breakfast only). AE, DC, MC, V. Moderate.
ningseslag), tel. 070/3542402. Open Apr.-mid-Sept., Mon.-
Sat. 9-8, Sun. 10-5; mid-Sept.-Mar., Mon.-Sat. 9-5, Sun.
The Hague,
10-5.
Scheveningen, and Delft
If you're planning to spend a few days in The Hague, ask for the
VVV Info brochure on city events and entertainment. Tickets
can be reserved in person at the main VVV office.
fied Within this itinerary you can visit the Netherlands' most digni-
and spacious city: the royal, diplomatic, and governmental
Exploring The Hague, Scheveningen, and Delft
close seat of Den Haag (in English, better known as The Hague); its
The Hague During the 17th century, The Hague was known as The Whis-
ingen; and nearby Delft, a historic city with many canals and
neighbor, the leading North Sea beach resort of Scheven-
pering Gallery of Europe" because it was thought to be the se-
ancient buildings.
cret manipulator of European politics. Although the Golden
Age is over, The Hague remains a dignified diplomatic capital,
Getting Around
quietly boastful of its royal connections.
The Hague and Delft are 60 kilometers (37.5 miles) southwest
Its heart is the Ridderzaal (Knight's Hall), the center of a
fast of Amsterdam and can be reached within less than an hour by
government complex, which is located by the peaceful Vijver
Lake. Inside are vast beams spanning a width of 18 meters (59
and frequent trains. The heart of both towns is
enough to be explored on foot. Scheveningen is reached compact from
feet), flags, and stained-glass windows. A sense of history per-
The Hague's center by bus or tram. Travelers will find public
vades the 13th-century great hall. It is now used mainly for cer-
transportation more convenient than driving because of
emonies: Every year the queen's gilded coach brings her here
ing becomes tiring, taxis are readily available.
parking problems at the resort. If the weather is bad or severe walk-
to open Parliament. The two government chambers sit sepa-
rately in buildings on either side of the Ridderzaal and can be
visited by guided tour only when Parliament is not in session.
Guided Tours
Binnenhof 8a. Open Mon.-Sat. 10-4. Cost: Fl. 4.50. For a
guided tour in English, book in advance, tel. 070/3646144.
Boat Trips and From The Hague, various boat companies run short day trips
Keeping the Ridderzaal on your right, pass through two nar-
longer candlelight dinner cruises. These can be booked at
row archways and you'll emerge on the far side of the Bin-
The Hague VVV or through Rondvaartbadrijf RVH (Spui 279,
nenhof, the inner court of the former castle. The small, well-
near the central station, tel. 070/3462437). Scheveningen offers
proportioned Dutch Renaissance building immediately on your
fishing-boat tours around the Dutch coast. Contact Sportsvis-
left, its back bordering Vijver Lake, is the Mauritshuis, one of
centrum (Scheveningen, tel. 070/3541122). In Delft, the VVV
the greatest small art museums in the world. This superb 17th-
organizes boat tours along the unspoiled canal system.
century palace contains a feast of art from the same period, in-
Orientation Tours
City sightseeing tours of The Hague can be arranged by
cluding 15 Rembrandts; of these the most powerful is The Anat-
through the main VVV office next to the central station. The or
oTy Lesson of Dr. Tulp, a theatrical work depicting a
The size and diversity of the city make a bus tour a logical choice.
gruesome dissection of the lower arm. Also featured are
"Royal Bus Tour" leaves from outside the VVV office at
Vermeer's celebrated Girl Wearing a Turban and his master-
piece, the glistening View of Delft, moodily emerging from a
606
The Hague, Scheveningen, and Delft
607
The Hague, Scheveningen, and Delft
now the city's trendiest neighborhood, an appealing mixture of
0
5
miles
Noordwijk-Binnen
coffee bars, restaurants, and boutiques. The few remaining ca-
nals are surprisingly peaceful. It is just the place to grab a
0
5 km
Katwijk aan Zee
A44
quick bowl of Dutch pea soup, a pancake, or an Indonesian
O
snack. The locals often prefer the herring cart in Maliestraat.
Once you're back in Lange Voorhout, take the Kneuterdijk road
North Sea
south toward the inner court and lake. After pausing at the
Leiden
Wassenaar
o
Plaats Square to admire the greedy Hague ducks, look at the
Gevangenpoort, the 14th-century prison gate. A prison for
Scheveningen
many centuries, today it is a museum of instruments of torture.
Buitenhof 33. Admission: Fl. 4. Open Apr.-Sept., weekdays
The Hague
10-5, weekends 1-5.
(Den Haag)
Voorberg
Zoetermeel
As you leave the prison gate, a right turn will take you to the
E30
Buitenhof (Outer Court), opposite the entrance to the Ridder-
Rijkswijk
Monster
zaal, where this tour began.
Poeldijk
A second route is farther out but within walking distance of the
Hoek van
N
Holland
Delft
center. North of Lange Voorhout is the Panorama Mesdag, a
A13
huge painting-in-the-round that shows Scheveningen as it
Naaldwijk
looked in 1880. Housed in a specially designed building, the
Europoort
A20
painting encompasses you in its 124-meter (400-foot) circum-
Niewe
A20
Rotterdam
ference. Hendrik Mesdag was a late-19th-century marine
Maassluis
painter, and his calming seascape is painted in the typically
Maas
melancholic colors of The Hague School. However, Mesdag was
helped by his wife, who painted much of the fishing village, and
by a friend, who painted the sky and dunes. Zeestraat 65b. Ad-
mission: Fl. 3. Open Mon.-Sat. 10-5, Sun. noon
A15
Just around the corner in Laan van Meerdervoort isthe paint-
er's home, now transformed into the Rijksmuseum H. W.
cloudburst. Korte Vijverberg 8. Admission: Fl. 6.50. Open
Mesdag. Paintings by Mesdag and members of The Hague
Tues.-Sat. 10-5, Sun. 11-5.
School are hung beside those of Corot, Courbet, and Rousseau.
Vijver Lake. The lake is bordered by patrician houses with past re-
Outside the Mauritshuis, follow the Korte Vijverberg
These delicate landscapes represent one of the finest collec-
tions of Impressionists outside France. Laan van Meerder-
vamped 18th- and 19th-century facades, a sign of the area's
voort 7f. Admission: Fl. 4. Open Tues.-Sat. 10-5, Sun. 1-5.
ence of huge ducks ruffles the surface of this stately lake.
continuing popularity with the local aristocracy. Only the pres-
The Vredespaleis (Peace Palace), just behind Laan van Meer-
dervoort, is a monument to an unrealized ideal. Following the
Turn right at Lange Vijverberg and walk until you come to
first peace conference at The Hague in 1899, the American mil-
Lange Voorhout, a large L-shaped avenue. During the last cen-
lionaire Andrew Carnegie donated $1.5' million for the con-
ited dignitaries outside the various palaces. Apart from the
tury, horse-drawn trams clattered along its cobbles and depos-
struction of a building to house a proposed Court of Arbi-
tration. The Dutch government donated the grounds, and
trams, not much has changed: Diplomats still eat in the historic
other nations offered furnishings and decorations. Although it
Hotel des Indes; Queen Beatrix and her staff work in the 16th-
still looks like a dull multinational bank, the building has been
century Noordeinde Palace. No. 34 once belonged to William I,
improved by such gifts as Japanese wall hangings, a Danish
the first king of the Netherlands, but later it became the royal
fountain, and a grand staircase presented by The Hague. To-
library; it is now the Supreme Court. With its clumsy skewed
day the International Court of Justice, consisting of 15 jurists,
gable, the headquarters of the Dutch Red Cross at No. 6 seems
has its seat here. There are guided tours daily when the court is
not in session; tel. 070/3469680 for details.
the corner of Parkstraat, is The Hague's óldest church, the
out of place on this stately avenue. A few doors down, at
The adjacent Haags Gemeentemuseum (Municipal Art Muse-
Kloosterkerk, built in 1400 and once used by the Black Friars.
um) is the home of the largest collection of Mondrians in the
During the spring, the adjoining square is covered with yellow
world plus two vast collections of musical instruments-Euro-
and purple crocuses; on Thursdays during the summer, it is the
pean and non-European. The building itself is also fascinating.
scene of a colorful antiques market.
It was built in 1935 and is an example of the International Move-
ment in modern architecture. Stadhouderslaan 41. Admis-
If a less reverential detour is required, follow any of the small
streets leading off Lange Voorhout to the northeast. This
sion: Fl. 3. Open Tues.-Fri. 10-5, weekends noon-5.
canal bounded by Denneweg, Hooikade, and Maliestraat, was a area, busy
The Hague is a city of parks, the biggest of which is the
network until it was filled in during the last century. It is
Zorgvliet, separating city from countryside. Opposite the park
is the Omniversum, described as Europe's first space theater.
Holland
608
The Hague, Scheveningen, and Delft
609
It is housed in a cylindrical building with a 75-foot dome that
that Dutch potters felt their livelihood was being threatened.
acts as a screen for the projection of dramatic presentations of
They therefore set about creating of pottery to rival Chinese
outer space and oceanic voyages. President Kennedylaan 5,
porcelain. There are only two manufacturers that still make
tel. 070/3545454. Admission: Fl. 13 adults, Fl. 9 children.
hand-painted Delftware: De Delftse Pauw and the more famous
Open Tues.-Thurs. 11-4, Fri.-Sun. 11-9.
"Royal" De Porceleyne Fleys. Original Delft is sold here in the
market in the De Backer shop, but to see it being made, visit
Between The Hague and Scheveningen is Madurodam, a minia-
the De Porceleyne Fleys workshops. Rotterdamsweg 136, tel.
ture city where everything is scaled to 1/52 of what its life-size
015/560234. Admission free. Open Mar.-Oct., Mon.-Sat. 9-5,
counterpart would be. None of the details of a real city has been
Sun. 10-4; Nov.-Feb., weekdays 9-5, Sat. 10-4.
forgotten, from the harbor, with its lighthouse and quayside
cranes, to the hand-carved furniture in the gabled houses. Son-
On the other side of the marketplace is the town hall, with a col-
et-lumière (sound-and-light) shows are planned for the summer
lection of paintings by Delft artists. Or walk around the right
months. Haringkade 17, tel. 070/3553900. Admission: Fl.
side of the Nieuwe Kerk, then left at the back and along the
8-Fl. 22. Open Mar.-June, 9 AM-10 PM; June-Aug., 9 AM-
Vrouwenregt canal for a few steps before taking another left
10:30 PM; Sept., 9-9; Oct.-Jan. 9-6.
turn into Voldergracht. To the left, the backs of the houses rise
straight from the water as you stroll to the end of the street,
Scheveningen Scheveningen is adjacent to The Hague, to the north. A fishing
which is marked by the sculptured animal heads and outdoor
village since the 14th century, it became popular as a beach re-
stairs of the old Meat Market on the right. Cross the Wijnhaven
sort during the last century, when the Kurhaus Hotel was
and turn left along its far side to the Koornmarkt, a stately ca-
built. After years of decline, the resort has been revitalized,
nal spanned by a high, arching bridge that is one of the hall-
with a casino, restaurants, and nightlife.
marks of Delft.
The beach itself, protected from tidal erosion by stone jetties,
At No. 67 is the Paul Tetar van Elven Museum, an artist's house
slopes gently into the North Sea in front of a high promenade
with a Louis XIV-style room and an upstairs studio. Koorn-
whose function is to protect the boulevard and everything be-
markt67. Admission: Fl. Openmid-Apr.-mid.-Oct Tues.-
hind it from winter storms. The surface of the beach is fine
Sat. 11-5.
sand, and you can bicycle or walk for miles to the north.
Just before the end of the Koornmarkt is the Wapenhuis van
The Pier, completed in 1962, stretches 372 meters (1,200 feet)
Holland (arsenal), completed in 1692. to the Oude
into the sea. Its four circular end buildings provide a sun ter-
Delft canal, the city's oldest waterway. A few blocks farther
race and restaurant, a 43-meter- (141-foot-) high observation
along the canal, you will come upon the incredible Gothic facade
tower, an amusement center with children's play area, and an
of the Gemeenlandshuis, built as a private residence in 1520,
underwater panorama. Part of the new design around the
with a flamboyant display of painted coats of arms from 1652. A
Kurhaus area includes the Golfbad, a surf pool complete with
few doors farther is the Prinsehof, formerly the Convent of St.
artificial waves. At 11 on summer evenings, the Pier is the
Agatha, founded in 1400. The chapel inside dates from 1471; its
scene of dramatic fireworks displays.
interior is remarkable for the wooden statues under the vault-
Delft Thirteen kilometers (8 miles) along the A13 from The Hague,
ing ribs. Today the Prinsenhof is a museum that tells the story
you'll enter Delft. There is probably no spot in the Netherlands
of the liberation of the Netherlands after 80 years of Spanish
that is more intimate, more attractive, or more traditional than
occupation (1568-1648). For Dutch royalists, the spot is signifi-
this little town, whose famous blue-and-white earthenware is
cant for the assassination of Prince William of Orange in 1584;
so popular throughout the world. Compact and easy to explore,
the bullet holes can still be seen in the wall. St. Agathaplein 1.
despite its web of canals, Delft is best discovered on foot-al-
Admission: Fl. 4.50. Open Tues.-Sat. 10-5, Sun. 1-5.
though water taxis are available during the summer, as are
Across the Oude Delft canal is the Oude Kerk (Old Church), a
horse-drawn buses that leave from the marketplace. Every
vast Gothic monument of the 13th century. Its beautiful tower,
street is lined with attractive medieval Gothic and Renaissance
surmounted by a brick spire, leans somewhat alarmingly. Ad-
houses that bear such names as Wijnhaus (Wine House) and
mission: Fl. 2. Open Apr.-Sept. noon-4.
Boter Brug (Butter Bridge).
Beyond the Prinsenhof on the same side of the Oude Delft canal
In the marketplace, the only lively spot in this tranquil town, is
is the Lambert van Meerten Museum, a mansion whose tim-
the Nieuwe Kerk (New Church), built during the 14th century,
bered rooms are filled with the country's most complete collec-
with its piercing Gothic spire 93 meters (300 feet) high, a mag-
tion of old Dutch tiles as well as Delft pottery. Oude Delft 199.
nificent carillon of 48 bells, and the tomb of William the Silent.
Admission: Fl. 4. Open Tues.-Sat. 10-5, Sun. 1-5. Also Mon.
Beneath this grotesque black marble sarcophagus is a crypt
1-5 in summer.
containing the remains of members of the Orange-Nassau line,
including all members of the royal family since King William I
Dining and Lodging
ascended the throne during the mid-16th century. Admission:
Fl. 2. Open Apr.-Sept., Mon.-Sat. 9-5; Oct.-Mar., Mon.-
For details and price-category definitions, see Dining and
Sat. 10-noon and 1:30-3.
Lodging in Staying in Holland.
While in Delft, you will want to see the famous local specialty-
Delft De Bark. A small, family-run restaurant in the old Hotel De
Delftware. Decorated porcelain was brought to Holland from
Dining Ark, De Bark's motto is "Sunday Meals the Whole Week
China on East India Company ships and wasso much in demand
'Round," an excuse for rich, substantial dishes such as steak in
Goethe to Hearst
VOLUME 13
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA
AMERICANA
INTERNATIONAL EDITION
COMPLETE IN THIRTY VOLUMES
FIRST PUBLISHED IN 1829
GROLIER INCORPORATED
International Headquarters: Danbury, Connecticut 06816
680
HAGUE-HAGUE, THE
chief centers were in Constantinople, Asia Minor,
Mount Athos, Palestine, and Calabria. In the
HAGUE, The, hãg, a city in the Netherlands
Latin West St. Jerome carried on the Athanasian
tradition with lives of three holy monks, Paul of
government (though Amsterdam is officially the
Den Haag. It is the seat of Netherlands or
The Dutch name for the city is 's-Gravenhage
Thebes, Malchus, and Hilarion. The Life of
Martin (bishop of Tours) by Sulpicius Severus
capital), the capital of the province of Zuid
(died about 410) became one of the models for
Holland, and the seat of the Netherlands So.
Latin hagiographers. Gregory of Tours (about
preme Court, of the Permanent Court of Inter.
538-594), particularly in his Book of Miracles,
national Arbitration. Justice, and of the Permanent Court of
and Pope St. Gregory I (reigned 590-604) in
his Dialogues probably did the most to chart
Situated on the flat, drained coastal plain of
the course of medieval hagiography.
the Netherlands, about 3 miles (5 km) from
the North Sea, The Hague has expanded
Between 613 and 715, some 200 lives of
ward into the dunelands, so that Scheveninger
saints were written, most of them anonymous,
(a popular seaside resort and the second
with the chief emphasis on edification. It was
important Dutch fishing port) and Loosduiner most
not uncommon to transfer miracles and episodes
are now contiguous with The Hague, as are
from the life of one saint to that of another to
Voorburg and Rijswijk to the east.
achieve this end. A few centuries later, apocry-
With the growth of The Hague, commercial
phal lives were written to satisfy local vanity.
development has centered mainly in the southern
Among the most important hagiographical
part of the city and industrial expansion chief
collections are the Martyrs of Palestine by Euse-
in the west and southwest, while spaciously de
bius of Caesarea, the 4th century historian who
signed, well-planned and laid-out suburbs with
is often styled the first professional hagiogra-
broad avenues extend to the north and north-
pher." In the 10th century Simeon Metaphrastes
west. In the decade before World War II, large
brought out his great Menology, but the most
areas of near-slum dwellings in the fishing port
highly esteemed in the West was the Legenda
area of Scheveningen were cleared and replaced
aurea (see GOLDEN LEGEND) of James of Vo-
by new houses; since the war, large, attractiveh
ragine (died 1298).
designed blocks of apartments have been built
Modern Hagiography. A new era in hagiogra-
southwest of the city center, and new planned
phy began with Lawrence Surius, who compiled
suburbs have been created in the polder lands
a critical collection of saints' lives (De probatis
southeast of the city. Large parks and open
sanctorum historiis, 1570-1575). In 1606 Heri-
spaces include the Haagsche Bosch to the east
bert Rosweyde began a major hagiographical
and the Scheveningsche Boschjes to the north
research undertaking but died before his pro-
There are highway and railroad connections with
jected Acta sanctorum was published. His suc-
Hook of Holland, Leiden, Amsterdam, Utrecht,
cessor John Bolland reorganized the work, giving
and Rotterdam.
a critical text of the lives of saints arranged ac-
Population and Economy. As The Hague's po-
cording to the days of the month on which their
litical and administrative importance increased
feasts are celebrated. This work has been car-
its population grew rapidly (from 56,000 in 1830
ried on by a group of Jesuit scholars in Belgium
to 206,000 in 1899). Growth has continued in
called the Bollandists (q.v.).
the 20th century, more rapidly than in any other
HERMIGILD DRESSLER, O. F. M.
Dutch city (except Enschede and Eindhoven)
The Catholic University of America
The population includes many government em-
ployees and retired officials.
HAGUE, hãg, Frank (1876-1956), American
The city's most important function is as an
Democratic party leader in New Jersey. Born in
administrative center. Some large banks and
Jersey City, N.J., on Jan. 17, 1876, he left school
other financial institutions, insurance companies.
early to work and was soon involved in local
and oil firms maintain head offices in The Hague
politics. As the Democratic mayor of Jersey City
Industrial activity includes printing, papermak-
from 1917 to 1947, he was one of the most
ing, publishing, food processing, and the manu-
powerful political bosses in U.S. history, ruling
facture of pottery, glass, furniture, clothing, and
Jersey City as a feudal fiefdom. In an unguarded
a variety of luxury consumer goods.
moment in 1937 he boasted "I am the law in
Places of Interest. The old quarter of the city
Jersey City."
centers around the irregular group of buildings
Hague went to the Democratic convention in
around the Binnenhof, or Inner Court, of the
1932 as a supporter of Alfred E. Smith but
palace of the counts of Holland. There are also
quickly climbed on the Roosevelt bandwagon and
numerous other government buildings, attractive
stayed there throughout Roosevelt's presidency.
18th century patricians' houses, the 16th century
Although he apparently cared little for Roosevelt
town hall (Raadhuis), the royal palace (Huis
or the New Deal, he understood the political
ten Bosch), the Royal Theater, and many
magic of Roosevelt's name on the Democratic
churches (including the Groote Kerk, or Sint
ticket. In 1940, Hague supported Charles Edison
Jacobskerk, with the largest carillon in the coun-
for governor of New Jersey, but after being
try), museums, art galleries, and libraries.
elected, Edison refused to follow Hague's orders.
The Kröller-Müller Museum has a fine collec-
The ensuing bitter feud came to a climax when
tion of modern painting (notably by Vincent van
Hague succeeded in blocking Edison's attempt
Gogh) and sculptures. The Royal Picture Gal-
to have a new state constitution ratified.
lery, housed in the Mauritshuis (a building dating
Hague retired as mayor in 1947 in favor of
from the Renaissance), has one of the world's
his nephew, Frank Hague Eggers. But two years
finest collections, assembled by the House of
later the Hague era in New Jersey politics ended
Orange; it is especially rich in the works of Rem-
when both Eggers and Hague's gubernatorial
brandt, Vermeer, Jan Steen, and Jacob van Ruis-
candidate were defeated. Hague died in New
dael, and it also has paintings by Van Dyck and
York City on Jan. 1, 1956.
Rubens and by a number of foreign artists. The
CHARLES J. TULL, Indiana University
Municipal Museum of Ancient Art contains much
the Gractherlands
rovince of Zuid. the
n is officially
Netherlands
Netherlands Su-
t Court of Inter-
manent Court of
1 coastal plain of
es (5 km) from
expanded
hat Scheveningen
the
and second mines
ast. Hague, as are
ague, commercial
ly in the southern
expansion chiefly
ile spaciously de-
out suburbs with
north and north-
rld War II, large
1 the fishing port
ared and replaced
large, attractively
NETHERLANDS INFORMATION SERVICE
have been built
The Hague's Princess Canal is lined by stately 18th century mansions. Many now house foreign diplomatic missions.
and new planned
the polder lands
parks and open
material concerning the history of the city. The
Sweden, was signed there in 1688. The city was
Bosch to the east
Royal Library, the largest in the country, has
rebuilt and extended on dignified lines, although.
jes to the north.
a large collection of valuable books and manu-
oddly enough, it still had no formal municipal
connections with
scripts. The Bredius Museum contains a fine art
status and was referred to as "the largest village
sterdam, Utrecht,
collection. The former Noordeinde Palace, built
in Europe."
in the 16th century, now houses the International
In 1795 the Dutch republic collapsed after
The Hague's po-
Institute for Social Studies.
the invasion of French armies: in that year The
rtance increased,
Among other notable buildings are the former
Hague became capital of the French-controlled
m 56,000 in 1830
residences of Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, Johan
republic of Holland. In 1808, Louis Bonaparte
has continued in
De Witt, and Benedict de Spinoza. Modern
(who gave The Hague its first civic charter)
than in any other
buildings include the head offices of Royal Dutch
moved the government first to Utrecht and then
and Eindhoven).
Shell and KLM (Royal Dutch Airlines). The
to Amsterdam. The latter remained the seat of
government em-
Hague attracts many visitors, and hotels, shops,
government for more than a century, except dur-
theaters, and restaurants flank broad, tree-lined
ing the period of the union of Holland and Bel-
function is as an
avenues.
gium, when the parliament met alternately at
large banks and
History. The Hague owes its origin to a
The Hague and Brussels.
irance companies,
hunting lodge maintained in the woods during
During the 19th century the city declined in
es in The Hague.
the 13th century by the counts of Holland.
economic importance, especially in comparison
nting, papermak-
Hence the name s-Gravenhage, meaning the
with rapidly growing Amsterdam and Rotterdam.
;, and the manu-
"count's enclosure" or "hedge." Part of these
It continued, however, to be an attractive resi-
ire, clothing, and
woods remain today as the Haagsche Bosch. The
dential city with a cosmopolitan reputation. In
goods.
lodge was gradually enlarged into a fortified resi-
1899 the first International Peace Congress, called
uarter of the city
dence around the Binnenhof, which became the
by Czar Nicholas II of Russia, was held in The
oup of buildings
palace of the counts of Holland. The original
Hague. The first really international effort at
er Court, of the
13th century Ridderzaal (Knights' Hall), built
peace, it was attended by representatives of 26
1. There are also
by Gerard van Leyden, has been restored and is
nations; its main object, to limit armaments, was
ildings, attractive
used for combined sessions of the two houses of
opposed by Germany, but a number of agree-
the 16th century
parliament.
ments were reached. This was followed by a
val palace (Huis
Under the dukes of Burgundy and later under
second congress in 1907: a third, planned for
ater, and many
the Habsburgs, political authority became con-
1915, was not held because of World War I.
te Kerk, or Sint
centrated in the Southern Netherlands, and The
The Hague was restored as the seat of the
illon in the coun-
Hague declined in importance. In the 16th cen-
Dutch government in 1913. In 1922 it became
nd libraries.
tury, however, it was a center of resistance to
the home of the Permanent Court of International
has a fine collec-
Spain, and William of Orange, as stadholder,
Justice, located in the Peace Palace (Vredes-
y by Vincent van
made it his capital in 1559. In 1580 the States-
paleis), which had been completed in 1913 with
yal Picture Gal-
General met in the Binnenhof, and the seat of
a large bequest from Andrew Carnegie. Many
a building dating
government was established in The Hague; soon
governments also contributed to the building in-
e of the world's
afterward, Maurice of Nassau, son of William the
cluding Britain, which donated some stained glass
y the House of
Silent, made the city his residence, and between
windows. Many international conferences have
he works of Rem-
1613 and 1619 he constructed a ring canal as
been held there. Population: (1968) 576,200.
I Jacob van Ruis-
part of the fortifications.
F.J. MONKHOUSE
»y Van Dyck and
In the 17th and 18th centuries The Hague
Author, "Geography of Northwestern Europe"
reign artists. The
became a major European diplomatic center; the
Art contains much
Triple Alliance between Holland, England, and
HAGUE CONFERENCES. See HAGUE COURT.
681
682
HAGUE COURT
HAGUE COURT, hãg, the popular name for the
CASES SUBMITTED FOR ARBITRATION
Permanent Court of Arbitration set up by the
(1) Pious Fund (United States V. Mexico):
Hague Conferences of 1899 and 1907. It has not
cerning a U.S. claim in behalf of Catholic bishops
major stated
been used since World War II, but it is prepared
the United States for funds given Mexico after aftery
among the Indians but retained by the
to function in controversies that may be sub-
of portions of its territory to the United States as a cession
Newell, president n
mitted to it.
United States.
of the war of 1846-1848-award Oct. 14, 1902, to result the
William C
The Hague Court should not be confused
T. Mahan
with either the World Court, a popular name for
and Italy V. Venezuela, United States, et al.):
(2) Venezuelan preferential case (Germany, Britain
of the Nev
the International Court of Justice (q.v.), estab-
claim of three powers that had engaged in concerning
was choser
lished in 1946 as an organ of the United Nations,
of Venezuela for preference in the allocation block
The co
or with the World Court's predecessor, the Per-
zuelan revenues for debts that country owed to
manent Court of International Justice, estab-
states-award Italy. Feb. 22, 1904, to Germany, Britain, many and
disarmame ing the p
lished in 1922 under the authority of the League
(3) Japanese house tax (France, Germany,
putes, the
of Nations. The Hague Court, with its adminis-
Britain V. Japan): concerning claims for continuance and
siderable
trative council and permanent bureau, and the
nation of that system in 1899-award May 22, 1905, to
certain aspects of extraterritoriality in Japan after termi. of
land warf:
World Court both have their seats at The Hague,
France, Germany, and Britain.
the applic
in the Peace Palace for which Andrew Carnegie
the claim of France to exercise exclusive jurisdiction
(4) Muscat dhows (France V. Britain): concerning
the Gene
contributed $1,500,000 to be administered by the
sick and V
Netherlands. The Peace Palace also houses an
over these dhows operating under the French flag, even
important library of international law.
mainly to France.
if engaged in the slave trade-award Aug. 8, 1905.
approved
Differing from the World Court, which con-
(5) Casablanca case (France v. Germany):
poison ga
sists of 15 permanent judges resident at The
cerning the conflicting claims of France and Germany to
by the U
Hague, the Hague Court consists of nearly 200
exercise jurisdiction over persons of German nationality
the use 0
individuals, known as "Members of the Court,"
enlisted in the French Foreign Legion in Morocco-award
May 22, 1909, mainly to France.
The I
from whom a tribunal is selected for a particular
(6) Grisbadarna (Norway v. Sweden): concerning
ment of
case. Four "Members of the Court," known as a
the projection of the boundary between these countries
experienc
"national group, are appointed for a term of six
out to sea, delimiting fishing beds claimed by both-
tury, wit
award Oct. 23, 1909, compromise boundary established
years by each of the 44 states that are parties to
Internati
(7) North Atlantic fisheries (Britain v. United
the Hague Convention for the Pacific Settlement
States): concerning the treaty rights and liberties of
Internati
of International Disputes. A state may appoint a
American fishermen in the waters of Labrador and New.
Union, a
non-national to its "national group.' The "na-
foundland-award Sept. 7, 1910, to Britain on the main
can legis
issue and one subsidiary issue; to the United States on
tional groups" of the Hague Court's panel of
five subsidiary issues.
Permane
arbitrators play a part in nominating candidates
(8) Orinoco Steamship Company (United States V.
but effo
for judges of the World Court.
Venezuela): concerning the validity of an earlier arbit.
national
The procedure of arbitration utilized by the
ral award on rights of this company to navigate the
Orinoco River-award Oct. 5, 1910, mainly to the United
jurisdicti
Hague Court differs from that of the World
States.
were ur:
Court. Three or more arbitrators are chosen by
(9) Savarkar case (France V. Britain): concerning
arbitrate
the disputing parties from the "Members of the
the duty of France to return a prisoner who escaped
The
Court" to deal with a particular dispute, and the
from a British vessel in port at Marseille-award Feb.
the calli
24, 1911, to Britain.
tribunal they select is not strictly bound to apply
Second
(10) Canevaro case (Italy V. Peru): concerning the
international law; the judges of the World Court,
claim of Italy in respect to concessions made by Peru
by Nich
on the other hand, are chosen to serve for a term
to Italian nationals, some with dual nationality-award
agenda
May 3, 1912, mainly to Peru.
of years by a procedure that has no reference to
Again
a particular dispute, and the court is obliged to
(11) Russian indemnity case (Russia V. Turkey):
The th
concerning Russia's claim to interest on debts defaulted
apply international law. States may, therefore,
by Turkey-award Nov. 11, 1912, mainly to Turkey.
were re
sometimes prefer the Hague Court for disputes
(12) Carthage case (France V. Italy): concerning
convent
in which the political element is considered im-
the French claim to repatriation of a French vessel seized
with as
portant. In such disputes, however, if diplomacy
by Italy during the Tripolitan (Turco-Italian) War-
trality.
award May 6, 1913, to France.
fails, the more political procedures of conciliation
of the
(13) Manouba case (France V. Italy): similar to the
or consultation by the UN Security Council or
Carthage case-award May 6, 1913, partly to each.
attende
(14) Island of Timor (Netherlands v. Portugal):
The
General Assembly may often appear preferable.
The diminished use of the Hague Court is indi-
concerning the boundary between the territories of these
Joseph
cated by the fact that while 14 cases were sub-
states on Timor island in the East Indies-award June
ain, un
25, 1914, to Netherlands.
mitted to the court before World War I, only
of inte
(15) Expropriated religious properties (Britain,
six were submitted between World Wars I and
from S
Spain, and France V. Portugal): concerning the claim
II, and none after World War II.
to properties expropriated by Portugal-award Sept. 4.
vention
1920; British and French claims allowed, Spanish claims
drawn
dismissed.
HAGUE CONFERENCES
confer
(16) Dreyfus and other claims (France v. Peru):
The Hague Court was established by the
of sele
concerning claims by France for principal and interest in
Hague Conference of 1899 and further devel-
behalf of its nationals-award Oct. 11, 1921, mainly to
tribute
France.
oped by the Hague Conference of 1907. The
Court
purposes of these conferences were to codify in-
(17) Christoffer Hannevig and other claims (Norway
the L
v. United States): concerning claims arising from U.S.
ternational law, to provide procedures such as
elect
requisition of Norwegian ships in American shipyards
good offices, mediation, inquiry, and arbitration
during World War I-award Oct. 13, 1922, to Norway.
group
for peacefully adjusting international disputes,
(18) Island of Palmas (Netherlands V. United
also S
and to promote disarmament.
States): concerning title to this island located between
the f:
the Philippines and the Netherlands Indies-award April
Lond
First Conference. The first Hague Conference
4, 1928, to Netherlands.
was called by Czar Nicholas II on Aug. 24, 1898.
feren
(19) Chevreau claim (France V. Britain): concern-
All 24 governments represented at the Russian
ing the arrest of a French citizen by British authorities
failur
Imperial Court were invited, with indication that
in Iranian territory occupied by Britain with Iranian
TH
consent during World War I-award June 9, 1931, to
the conference was to deal with the establish-
mend
France.
ment of peace through disarmament and pacific
(20) Kronprins Gustaf Adolf and Pacific (Sweden
Hagu
settlement of disputes. The conference met at
v. United States): concerning compensation for deten-
Worl
tion of these Swedish ships during World War I-award
The Hague from May 18 to July 29, 1899, with
Leag
July 19, 1932, to the United States.
HAGUE COURT-HAHN
683
RATION
present. The United States was
system of the Hague conferences, but the United
Ambassador Andrew D. White,
States failed to join the League and summoned
come
of Cornell University; Seth Low,
the Washington Conference on disarmament and
president of Columbia University; Stanford
Far Eastern affairs in 1921, which to some extent
/
States 14, as cestion result
Newell, minister to the Netherlands; Capt.
carried on the methods and principles of the
1902, to the
William Crozier of the U.S. Army; Capt. Alfred
Hague conferences. The Washington Conference,
Mahan of the U.S. Navy; and G. F. W. Holls
in fact, provided for a technical conference to
Germany, Britoin,
T. the New York bar. Baron de Staal of Russia
meet at The Hague for codifying the law con-
di in block
al.): concerning
was of chosen chairman.
cerning aircraft and radio in war. This conference
cation Ventre
The conference failed to reach agreement on
met at The Hague in 1923 with John Bassett
ny, Britain,
owed to many
disarmament but agreed on conventions concern-
Moore, a distinguished American international
ing the pacific settlement of international dis-
jurist, as principal representative of the United
r pantinuance Germany,
putes, the rules of land warfare (based in con-
States. The rules that were drafted, however,
siderable measure on the United States code of
never came into force as formal conventions.
ay 22, 1905,
terminal
land warfare issued during the Civil War), and
Disarmament conferences initiated by the United
the application to naval war of the principles of
States in 1927, 1930, and 1935, continuing the
in): concerning
the Geneva Convention of 1864 for care of the
work of the Washington Conference, may be
sive jurisdiction
sick and wounded in war. Declarations were also
regarded as continuances of the Hague Confer-
rench even
Approved from prohibiting the launching of pro-
ence ideas. The Hague system, however, may be
Aug. 8, 1905,
balloons, prohibiting the use of
regarded historically as a stage in the develop-
Germany):
poison gases (this declaration was not accepted
ment of international organization contributing to
and Germany to
by the United States or Britain), and forbidding
the somewhat different system of the League of
rman Morocco-awalard
the use of dumdum bullets.
Nations of the interwar period and the United
The Hague Convention for the Pacific Settle-
Nations after World War II. See also ARBITRA-
en): concerning
ment of International Disputes codified the
TION, INTERNATIONAL.
these countries
experience with arbitration during the 19th cen-
QUINCY WRIGHT, Professor Emeritus of
imed by both-
lary established.
tury, with attention to proposals made by the
International Law, University of Chicago
'ain V. United
International Law Association, the Institute of
International Law, and the Inter-Parliamentary
Bibliography
and liberties
Davis, Calvin D., United States and the First Hague Peace
rador and New. of
Union, and resolutions of the British and Ameri-
Conference (Cornell Univ. Press 1962).
in on the main
Inited States on
can legislatures and of many peace societies. The
Davis, Calvin D., United States and the Second Hague
Permanent Court of Arbitration was established,
Peace Conference: American Diplomacy and Interna-
but efforts to create a genuine court of inter-
tional Organization, 1899-1914 (Duke Univ. Press
United States V.
1976).
in earlier arbit.
national justice and to confer upon it obligatory
Foster, John W., Arbitration and the Hague Court (1904;
to navigate the
ly to the United
jurisdiction were unsuccessful. However, states
reprint, Rothman 1980).
were urged to conclude conventions agreeing to
Hull, William I., The Two Hague Conferences and Their
Contributions to International Law (1908; reprint, Arden
arbitrate future disputes, and many did so.
Library 1978).
in) : concerning
The final act of the conference recommended
Sztucki, J., Interim Measures in the Hague Court (Kluwer
lle-award Feb.
the calling of future conferences.
1983).
Second Conference. This conference, also called
HAHN, Emily (1905- ), American author,
concerning the
by Nicholas II, met at The Hague in 1907. Its
whose perceptive books about China include the
tionality-award made by Peru
agenda was similar to that of the first conference.
authorized biographies The Soong Sisters (1941)
Again no progress was made in disarmament.
and Chiang Kai-shek (1955). She was born in
ia V. Turkey):
The three conventions of the first conference
St. Louis on Jan. 14, 1905, and studied at the
debts defaulted
to Turkey.
were revised and improved, and 11 additional
University of Wisconsin, Columbia, and Oxford.
y): concerning
conventions were signed, dealing in the main
She was a mining engineer, a teacher of geology
ch vessel seized
with aspects of the law of naval war and neu-
at Hunter College, and a Red Cross worker in
Italian) War-
trality. Forty-four states attended, including all
the Belgian Congo.
of the Latin American countries that had not
In 1935, Miss Hahn went to Shanghai, where
: similar to the
y to each.
attended the first conference.
she taught school and wrote for magazines. Later
V. Portugal):
The United States, whose chief delegate was
she moved to Hong Kong, where she was in-
itories of these
Joseph H. Choate, formerly ambassador to Brit-
terned by the Japanese in 1941. Among her
s-award June
ain, urged the establishment of a genuine court
books are China Only Yesterday (1963), Africa
of international justice on the basis of instructions
to Me (1964), and Romantic Rebels (1967).
ties (Britain,
ing the claim
from Secretary of State Elihu Root. A draft con-
ward Sept. 4,
vention for a "Judicial Arbitration Court" was
HAHN, Otto (1879-1968), German chemist, who
Spanish claims
drawn up and attached to the final act of the
won the 1944 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his
conference, but agreement failed on the methods
work on nuclear fission. Hahn was born on
nce V. Peru):
and interest in
of selecting the judges. This draft, however, con-
March 8, 1879, in Frankfurt am Main, Germany,
21, mainly to
tributed to the establishment of the Permanent
where he received his early education. In 1897
Court of International Justice in 1922, utilizing
he went to Marburg and from there to Munich
aims (Norway
the League of Nations' Council and Assembly to
to study chemistry. He received his doctorate
ng from U.S.
can shipyards
elect the judges nominated by the "national
in organic chemistry at Marburg in 1901.
2, to Norway.
groups" of the Hague Court. A convention was
Eager to participate in the search for new
S v. United
also signed for an international prize court, but
radioactive elements, Hahn went to London in
ated between
the failure of states to ratify the Declaration of
1904 to work with Sir William Ramsay at Uni-
-award April
London (q.v.), drawn up by the London Con-
versity College. During his stay in London he
in): concern-
ference of 1908 to codify prize law, resulted in
discovered radiothorium. In 1905 he went with
sh authorities
failure of the prize court to come into existence.
Ernest Rutherford to McGill University in Mon-
with Iranian
The Hague System. In accordance with a recom-
treal; while there he discovered radioactinium.
9, 1931, to
mendation of the second conference, a third
He assisted Rutherford in studying the alpha
ific (Sweden
Hague conference was in preparation when
radiation of radiothorium and radioactinium.
n for deten-
World War I broke out. After that war the
Returning to Berlin in 1906, Hahn discovered
War I-award
League of Nations was intended to supersede the
mesothorium in 1907. That year he was joined
1064 Netherlands, The
mouth of the IJ) are also equipped to receive big ships. In
ber have been held, the government resigns and a process
oil processing, too, Rotterdam is the world's biggest
of bargaining starts between various parliamentary lead-
centre, having expanded from an annual capacity of
ers who hope to form a government that will control a
Formation
1,200,000 tons in 1930 to 137,200,000 in 1970. A trench
majority in parliament. It usually takes a few months
of the
1,500 feet wide and 75 feet deep extends eight miles into
before a formateur, as the architect of such a coalition is
govern-
the North Sea to facilitate the entry of supertankers with
known, can accept a royal invitation to form a govern-
ment
200,000-ton capacities. The overall goods traffic in the
ment; the head of state then formally appoints the minis-
sea harbours of Rotterdam and Amsterdam in fact in-
ters. In the event of political crises resulting in the fall of
creased sixfold over the 1951-70 period. The number of
the government before the end of a four-year period, the
ships of the Dutch merchant fleet, which is among the 12
same process of bargaining takes place. The monarch,
largest fleets in the world, decreased by 32 percent from
however, has the right to dissolve one or both chambers,
1960 to 1971, and the total tonnage decreased by 12
at which time new elections are held.
percent. The number of rivercrafts is probably unsur-
Local government. In local government, the most im-
passed by any other country.
portant institutions are the municipalities, of which there
Royal Dutch Airlines (KLM) initiated a scheduled ser-
are 865. Their jurisdiction extends over the entire coun-
vice between Amsterdam and London in 1920 and now
try (except for some areas of recently reclaimed land).
has a worldwide network. One subsidiary operates an
Each municipality is run by a directly elected coun-
airline in the West Indies, while another runs a modest
cil of between seven and 45 members, depending on
domestic network between Amsterdam and the outlying
the size of the population. This council is presided over
provinces. Schiphol, Amsterdam's airport, and Zestien-
by a burgemeester (mayor), who is appointed by the
hoven, the airport at Rotterdam, both are of international
government and serves as chairman of the executive,
importance. The Dutch government conducts a school
members of which are elected by and from the council.
for civil aviation and pilot training.
Where the councils' own ordinances are applicable, the
Inland transportation. As might be expected in so
municipalities are autonomous, and in many instances
thickly settled and small a country, the road network is
national legislation or provincial ordinances provide for
comprehensive. There are more than 57,000 miles
the cooperation of municipal authorities.
(92,000 kilometres) of paved roads, half of which have
The country is also divided into 11 provinces for pur-
separate lanes and two-level crossings. A rapid rate of
poses of local government-Noord-Holland, Zuid-Hol-
expansion was planned for the 1970s and beyond, espe-
land, Zeeland, Utrecht, Noord-Brabant, Limburg, Gel-
cially to handle the increasing number of private cars,
derland, Overijssel, Drenthe, Groningen, and Friesland.
already one to every six inhabitants.
Their administrative system has the same structure as the
Despite the competition offered by railroads, motor
municipal one: directly elected councils (staten) who
freight, containers, and pipelines, it appears that the im-
elect the members of the executive, except for the chair-
portant waterways will never be surpassed for traffic in
man, who is appointed by the government. The main
freight. For this reason, much attention and financial
function of the provinces consists of controlling the mu-
The
support are devoted to the waterways in order to meet the
nicipalities within their borders, as well as controlling the
continued
growing international demand for efficient goods trans-
district water-control boards (waterschappen), the public
Impor-
port.
authorities that are responsible for water control within
tance of
The Netherlands has about 3,500 miles of inland water-
certain definite areas.
waterways
ways linked with Belgian, French, and German systems.
Political life. The Second Chamber, the provincial
Besides such natural waterways as the rivers Maas,
councils, and the municipal councils are elected accord-
Rhine, Waal, and Lek, many artificial waterways-the
ing to a system of proportional representation. In general
Juliana Kanaal, the Amsterdam-Rijn Kanaal; and the
elections for the Second Chamber, it can take as little as
Maas-Waal Kanaal-connect the major ports on the
0.66 percent of the overall vote to get one of the 150 seats
coast with the hinterland. The state-owned railroads are
in the chamber. As a result, a large number of parties and
modest but well developed and in total length are about
political movements are represented in parliament. The
average for Europe. The combined effect of inland navi-
three Christian centre parties (one Catholic and two
gation and freight traffic on roads has prevented the ex-
Protestant) have slowly evolved a form of cooperation
pansion of goods traffic by rail. More than half of the rail
that included a common platform for the 1971 parlia-
network is electrified; elsewhere, steam has been replaced
mentary elections. The Labour Party, the Democrats
by diesel.
The
1966 (D66-a party of constitutional reform and pro-
gressive, non-ideological politics), and the Radical Polit-
govern
ADMINISTRATION AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS
ical Party (a progressive splinter, mainly from the Cath-
ment's
The Netherlands and the former colonies of Surinam and
olic People's Party) have also coalesced for electoral
role in
the Netherlands Antilles form the Kingdom of The
housin
purposes, presenting a common program and a list of
Netherlands, a constitutional monarchy-though Suri-
potential ministers as well. These two blocs have recently
nam and the Antilles are, in practice, autonomous and
occupied, between them, more than two-thirds the total
have their own governmental system. The monarchy is
number of seats, thereby creating a certain measure of
hereditary in both the male and female line, though the
order in Dutch party politics.
latter succeeds only in default of male heirs. By the early
Because of the complicated party system and the time-
Objections
1970s, the monarch had in fact been a queen since 1890.
consuming and complicated process by which a govern-
to the
Constitutional framework. The constitution, which
ment comes into being, constitutional and party reforms
political
dates from 1814, maintains that the head of state is in-
are advocated by many people. Dissatisfaction with "the
system
violable, but it also embodies the concept of ministerial
system" expresses itself by widespread utterances of frus-
responsibility; it further provides that no government can
tration about official politics, often embodied in extra-
remain in power against the will of parliament. The
parliamentary movements.
States-General (Staten-Generaal), as parliament is of-
Justice and the armed forces. In The Netherlands, the
ficially known, consists of two chambers: a directly
ordinary Iministration of justice is entrusted exclusively
elected Second Chamber of 150 members and a First
to appointed judges; trial by jury is unknown. There are
Chamber, whose 75 members are elected by the members
62 cantonal courts (kantongerechten), which exercise ju-
of the councils of the 11 provinces. Both chambers share
risdiction in a whole range of minor civil and criminal
legislative power with the government (officially known
cases. More important cases are handled by one of the 19
as the crown, defined as the head of state acting in con-
district courts (rechtbanken), which also can hear ap-
junction with the ministers) and control government pol-
peals over cantonal court decisions. Appeals against deci-
icy, but, whereas the First Chamber has only the power
sions from the district courts are heard by one of five
of veto in the legislative process, the directly elected Sec-
courts of appeal (gerechtshoven).
ond Chamber, controlling the government, plays a domi-
The Supreme Court (Hoge Raad) ensures a uniform
nant role.
application of the law, but it cannot suspend a law as
Every four years, after elections for the Second Cham-
being contrary to the constitution. In the legislative pro-
CONTENTS.
83
PAGE
77
letters published by her grandson Charles Francis with Royal Opera, Berlin, Germany for 3 years;
(Whig) from Ky., 30th Congress, 1847-49, (Am.
Adams under titles Letters of Mrs. Adams, the
prin.
tenor
Imperial
Opera
(Hofoper),
Vienna,
Party) 36th Congress, 1859-61; Judge Circuit
to
Eng.,
Wife of John Adams; Familiar Letters of John Adams
1867-76; sang opera 2 seasons in Covent Garden,
Died
Ct. of Ky., 1851-56; 6th auditor Treasury Dept.,
Stir-
and his wife during the Revolution; letters give
London, 1 season at Royal Opera, Madrid,
1861-64; practiced law in Phila.; chief clk. U.S.
valuable background material of era during wartime,
Spain, 1 season at La Scala, Milan, Italy; with
Ho. of Reps., 44th-46th congresses, 1875-81. Died
provisional
also original background of European society; op-
Strakosch Co. in America, 1877-78; in German
Phila., Jan. 18, 1884; buried West Laurel Hill
gov.
Cope,
posing polit. contemporaries argued that she as-
opera with Mme. Poppenheim and Italian opera
Cemetery.
Jan.
supplies;
serted undue polit. influence over her husband.
with Clara Louise Kellogg, Maria Litta and Annie
of
Home: Braintree (now Quincy), Mass. Died of ty-
Louise Cary; sang in 1st Am. performance of
ADAMS, Hannah, author; b. Medfield, Mass.,
Pacif-
1st
newspaper
phoid fever Quincy, Oct. 28, 1818; buried Quincy.
Rienzi; greatest roles Manrico, Lohengrin, Rien-
Oct. 2, 1755; d. Thomas and Elizabeth (Clark)
with
zi, and Tannhauser; lived in Boston, 1879-1900;
Adams. First native Am. female profl. author,
Hawaii,
ADAMS, Abljah, journalist; b. Boston, circa 1754;
taught school, 1880-1900, pupils included Grace
wrote: Alphabetical Compendium of the Various
gov.
Ore.,
m. Lucy Ballard, July 11, 1790, stepson, David C.
1877.
Hiltz, Nellie Melba and Emma Eames. Died West
Sects Which Have Appeared from the Beginning of
Ballard. Trained as a tailor; became clk., bookkeeper
Harwich, Cape Cod, Mass., July 4, 1900.
the Christian Era to the Present Day, 1784; A
b.
Nov.
Independent Chronicle (Jeffersonian jour. controlled
18,
Summary History of New England, 1799; The Truth
Acad.,
1842.
by his brother Thomas), Boston, 1799, indicted for
ADAMS, Daniel, physician, author; b. Town-
and Excellence of the Christian Religion, 1804;
libel in controversy over stand taken by paper on
send, Mass., Sept. 29, 1773; S. Daniel and Lydia
Army;
made
History of the Jews, 1812; Letters on the Gospels,
Alien and Sedition Acts, 1799, escaped with short
(Taylor) A.; grad. Dartmouth, 1797, B.M., 1799,
reports
1826. Died Boston, Dec. 15, 1831; burled Mt.
of
U.S.
Mil.
fail sentence, became edtior (with Ebenezer Rhodes),
M.D., 1799; m. Nancy Mulliken, Aug. 17, 1800.
Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Mass.
of
1800; convicted of libel due to offensive comments
Practiced medicine, Leominster, Mass.; delivered
Western
on jud. conduct of Theophilus Parsons, chief justice
eulogy for George Washington at meml. service in
ADAMS, Isaac, inventor, mfr.; b. Rochester, N.H
Army
during
Mass. Supreme Ct., 1811, pardoned. Died May 18,
Leominster, 1800; published with Salmon Wilder
Aug. 16, 1802; S. Benjamin and Elizabeth (Horne)
became
prof.
1816.
weekly newspaper Telescope, Mass., 1800-02;
A. Invented Adams Power Press the leading machine
Civil
War;
moved to Boston, circa 1805, taught at pvt. sch.;
used in book binding, 1836-1900), 1827; formed
ivately
owned.
ADAMS, Alvin, express CO. exec.; b. Andover, Vt.,
edited Med. and Agrl. Register (monthly peri-
firm I. & S. Adams, 1836. Died July 19, 1883.
June 16, 1804; S. Jonas and Phebe (Hoar) A.; m.
odical); moved to Mt. Vernon, N.H., 1813, again
b.
Shepherds-
Ann Rebecca Bridge, Nov. 10, 1831, 1 child. Pioneer
practiced medicine; mem. N.H. Senate, 1838-40;
ADAMS, James Hopkins, gov. S.C.; b. S.C., Mar.
and
Margarita
in express bus.; established (with Ephraim Farns-
moved to Keene, N.H., 1846. Author: The Scholar's
15, 1812; S. Henry Walker and Mary (Goodwyn) A.;
811;
m.
Ellen
worth) Adams Express Co., 1840, incorporated (with
Arithmetic, 1801; The Understanding Reader of
grad. Yale, 1831; m. Jane Margaret Scott, Apr.
including
$10,000,000 capital) and became pres., 1854;
Knowledge before Oratory, 1805; Geography, or a
1832. Joined S.C. States Rights Party, 1832; mem.
Stretch.
bought Norwich Route to Boston, 1841, extended
Description of the World, 1814, 2d edit., 1816;
S.C. Ho. of Reps., 1834-37, 40-41, 48-49, S.C.
admitted
to
agencies to Phila., 1842, later to Balt., Washing-
The Monitorial Reader, 1841; Primary Arithmetic,
Senate, 1850-53; served as brig. gen. S.C. Militia;
Militia,
1814;
ton (D.C.), Pitts., Cincinnati, Louisville (Ky.), St.
1848; Bookkeeping, 1849. Died Keene, June 8,
gov. S.C., 1854-56; elected one of commrs. to U.S.
maj.
Topog.
Louis; entered Cal. field, 1849, within year opened
1864.
Govt. to negotiate transfer of U.S. property in S.C.
geodetic
sur-
35 offices in towns and mining camps; started br.
ADAMS, Daniel Welssiger, lawyer, army officer;
to the state govt., Washington, D.C. Died Colum-
topog.
surveys
agencies, banking houses, Melbourne and Sydney
bia, S.C., July 13, 1861.
b. Lynchburg, Va., 1820; S. George and Anna
and
de-
(Australia), 1852. Died Watertown, Mass., Sept. 1,
(Weissiger) U. Va. Began practice law in La.,
of
Topog.
ADAMS, Jasper, clergyman, coll. pres.; b. East
1877.
1842; apptd. mem. mil. bd. to organize La. for war,
Bur.
(after
Medway, Mass., Aug. 27, 1793; S. Maj. Jasper and
1831,
34-
ADAMS, Andrew, Continental congressman, Jurist;
1861; apptd. lt. col. inf. Confederate Army, ad-
Emma (Rounds) A.; grad. Brown U., 1815; m. Mer-
-34;
promoted
b. Stratford, Conn., Dec. 11, 1736; S. Samuel and
vanced through grades to brig. gen., 1862; comdr.
cy D. Wheeler, May 16, 1820; m. 2d, Miss Mayrant.
staff
cavalry brigade; comdr. Dist. of Central Ala., 1864;
Tchr. Phillips Acad., Andover, Mass., 3 years; prof.
corps
of
Mary (Fairchild) A.; B.A., Yale Coll., 1760, LL.D.
Sci.,
Washing-
(hon.), 1796; m. Eunice Canfield. Admitted to
comdr. State of Ala., North of Gulf Dept., 1865;
mathematics and natural philosophy Brown U., 1819;
mem.
bd.
vis-
Conn. bar, 1763; mem. upper house Conn. Gen. As-
participated in defense of Selma, 1865, in battle at
ordained priest Episcopal Ch., 1820; pres. Charles-
ashington,
Jan.
sembly, 1776-77, 82-89; mem. Conn. Council of
Columbus (Ga.), 1865; resumed law practice, New
ton Coll., 1824-26, 28-36; 1st pres. Geneva (now
Safety; commd. maj., later col. Conn. Militia; apptd.
Orleans, 1865-72. Died New Orleans, June 13,
Hobart) Coll., N.Y., 1826-28; chaplain, prof. geo-
del. to Continental Congress, 1777; signer Articles
1872.
graphy, history and ethics U.S. Mil. Acad., 1838-40.
Michel.
of Confederation; asso. judge Conn. Superior Ct.,
Author: Elements of Moral Philosophy, 1837. Died
ADAMS, Dudley, W., horticulturist, granger;
m.
1789, chief justice, 1793-97. Died Litchfield,
Pendleton, S.C., Oct. 25, 1841.
France;
b. Winchendon, Mass., Nov. 30, 1831; S. Joseph
chief
Rou-
Conn., Nov. 26, 1797.
Boynton and Hannah (Whitney) A. Tchr. in Mass.;
Michel.
one of 1st settlers of Waukon, Ia., 1852; county
ADAMS, John, clergyman, author; b. probably
ADAMS, Benjamin, congressman; b. Mendon,
in
Mississippi
Mass., Dec. 16, 1764; grad. Brown U., 1788;
assessor, Ia., 1852-62; established Iron Clad Nur-
Nova Scotia, 1704; son of John Adams; graduated
sery, 1856, one of best tree nurseries in that area;
from Harvard, 1721. Ordained to ministry Congrega-
and
Iro-
studied law. Admitted to bar, began practice law in
Ott,
Uxbridge, Mass.; mem. Mass. Ho. of Reps., 1809-
mem. Nat. Grange of Patrons of Husbandry, master,
tional Ch., Newport, R.I., 1728; preached for a few
Iowa,
La
Salle
1873; father of 1st attempt to pass railroad freight
years, then devoted himself to literature; knew 9
by
14, Mass. Senate, 1814, 15, 22-25; mem. U.S. Ho.
sissippi,
1680;
of Reps. (Federalist, filled vacancy) from Mass.,
legislation; aided in framing proposals for for-
langs. Author works including: A Collection of Poems
Falls,
Minn.,
14th-16th congresses, Dec. 2, 1816-21. Died Ux-
bidding discrimination in fixing rates introduced
by Several Hands, 1744; Poems on Several Occasions,
bridge, Mar. 28, 1837; buried Prospect Hill
into Congress 1873-74, called unconstl. at that
Original and Translated, by the late Rev. John Adams,
explorer)
River;
from
Cemetery.
time, but passed as constl. in Ia., stimulated nat.
M.A., 1745. Died Cambridge, Mass., Jan. 22, 1740.
River,
down
and state railroad regulation; moved to Fla., 1875,
ADAMS, John, 2d Pres. U.S.; b. Braintree (now
to
Mon-
ADAMS, Charles, diplomat; b. Pomerania, Ger-
promoted horticulture; organized and pres. Fla.
Quincy), Mass., Oct. 30, 1735; S. John and Susanna
journey;
in
many, Dec. 19, 1845; S. Karl Heinrich and Maria
Hort. Soc. Died Feb. 13, 1897.
(Boylston) A.: grad. Harvard, 1755; m. Abigail
partner
J. (Markman) Schwanbeck (dropped last name circa
Smith, Oct. 25, 1764; children-John Quincy (6th
trade
with
1870); m. Margaret Thompson Phelps, circa 1870.
ADAMS, Ebenezer, educator; b. Oct. 22, 1765;
Pres. U.S.), Thomas, Charles, Abby. Admitted to
1680-1702.
Fought in Civil War; apptd. brig. gen. Colo. Militia,
S. Ephraim and Rebecca (Locke) A.; grad. Dart-
Boston bar, 1758: entered politics as opponent of
1870; Ute Indian agt. until 1874; post office insp.,
mouth, 1791; m. Alice Frink, July 9, 1795, 5 chil-
Stamp Act; rep. from Boston to Mass. Gen. Ct.,
Oster-Aker,
1874, 82-85; U.S. minister to Bolivia, 1880-82;
dren; m. 2d, Beulah Minot, May 17, 1807, 2 chil-
1770: one of Mass. dels. to 1st Continental Cong-
Sara
Acrelius;
U.S. arbitrator for Bolivia and Chile War confs.,
dren. Became preceptor acad., Leicester, Mass.,
ress, 1774; apptd. chief justice Superior Ct. of
m.
Kata-
Arica, Bolivia. Engaged in glass manufacture, min-
1792; 1st prof. mathematics and natural philosophy
Mass., 1775; mem. drafting com. and signer Decla-
to
ministry
Phillips Exeter Acad.; prof. langs. Dartmouth,
Kulla,
Norra
ing, mineral water devel. Died Denver, Colo., Aug.
ration of Independence, 1776, proposed Washington
(now
19, 1895.
1809-33; pres. Bible Soc. of N.H. Died Aug 15,
for gen. Continental Army; resigned office of chief
Christina
1841
justice Superior Ct. to become mem. newly-created
Swedish
con-
ADAMS, Charles Baker, naturalist; b. Dorchester,
1749-56;
ADAMS, Edwin, actor; b. Medford, Mass., Feb. 3,
Bd. of War, 1777; elected commr. to France, 1777;
Mass., Jan. 11, 1814; S. Charles J. Adams; grad.
1834. Began stage career with appearance in The
worked to negotiate fgn. aid from Netherlands, secur-
Lutherans
in
Amherst, 1834; m. Mary Holmes, Feb. 1839. Asst.
collections;
Hunchback, Nat. Theatre, Boston, 1853; appeared
ing loan, 1782; with Jay and Jefferson negotiated
re-
in Geol. Survey of N.Y., 1836; tutor, lectr. geology
(with Kate Bateman) in Hamlet, 1860; other roles
treaty of Paris with Gt. Britain, 1783; 1st U.S.
Fellingsboro,
Amherst, 1837, prof. natural history, astronomy,
Sweden
include appearances in The Serf, 1865, The Dead
minister to Gt. Britain, 1785-88; elected 1st vice
New
1847-53; prof. chemistry, natural history Middle-
Heart, Wild Oats, The Lady of Lyons, Narcisse, The
pres. U.S., 1788, reelected, 1792; elected 2d Pres.
of
area
under
bury (Vt.) Coll., 1838-47; state geologist Vt.,
U.S., 1796, served as buffer between Hamilton and
1759.
Died
Marble Heart; last appearance at Cal. Theatre, San
1845-48. Died Jan. 18, 1853.
Jefferson (inclined more toward Hamilton and Fed-
Francisco, May 27, 1876; considered one of Ameri-
eralists), signed Alien and Sedition Acts, resisted
ADAMS, Charles Francis, congressman, diplomat;
ca's best light comedians. Died Phila., Oct. 28,
pressure to declare war on France, 1798, one of last
b.
County
b. Boston, Aug. 18, 1807; S. John Quincy (6th
1877.
acts was to appoint John Marshall as chief justice
to
Am.,
circa
Pres. U.S.) and Louisa Catherine (Johnson) A.;
ADAMS, Eliphalet, clergyman; b. Dedham,
U.S. Supreme Ct., defeated for 2d term by Thomas
erokee
Indians,
grad. Harvard, 1825; m. Abigail Brown, Sept. 5,
Mass., Mar. 26, 1677; S. Rev. William and Mary
Jefferson, 1800, ret. to Quincy, 1801; conducted
moved
to
1829, children including Henry, Charles Francis.
(Manning) A.; grad. Harvard, 1694; m. Lydia
memorable corr. with Jefferson. Author numerous
commanded
Admitted to Mass. bar, 1829; member of Mass.
Pygan, Dec. 15, 1709; m. 2d, Elizabeth Wass,
published works, including: Thoughts on Government,
Indian
War,
Senate, 1835-40; founder The Boston Whig, 1846;
Sept. 21, 1751; 6 children. Asst. to Rev. Benjamin
1776; Defense of the Constitutions of the Govern-
the
American
candidate for vice pres. on Free Soil ticket with
Colman at Brattle Street Ch., Boston, 1701-03;
ment of the United States of America, 1787; No-
descendants
of
Martin Van Buren, 1848; mem. U.S. Ho. of Reps.
ordained, 1709; pastor at New London, Mass.,
vanglus and Massachusettensis, 1819. Died Quincy,
1783.
(Republican) from Mass., 36th-37th congresses,
1709-52; prepared many boys for ministry in his
July 4, 1826; buried under old 1st Congregational
Chester
Coun-
1859-61; U.S. minister to Eng., 1861-68, an ef-
home; missionary to Pequot, Mohegan and Niantic
Ch., Boston.
Adair.
Set-
fective diplomat, prevented land rams, two blockade-
Indians; trustee Yale, 1720-38. Died New London,
ADAMS, John, educator; b. Canterbury, Conn.,
It.
col.
breaking, armor-plated ships from going to con-
Oct. 4, 1753.
Sept. 18, 1772; S. Capt. John and Mary (Parker A.;
Ky.
Ho.
of
federacy from Eng.; U.S. arbitrator at Geneva
1800-03,
ADAMS, Frederick W., physician; b. Pawlet, Vt.,
grad. Yale, 1795, LL.D. (hon.), 1854; m. Elizabeth
98,
Tribunal to settle Ala. claims under Treaty of Wash-
from
Ky.,
1786; grad. Dartmouth, 1822; married twice; at
Ripley, 1798, 10 children including William; m. 2d,
ington, 1871-72. Author: A Whig of the Old School
Mrs. Mabel Burritt, 1829. Tchr., Plainfield (N.J.)
Shelby
during
(essay) 1835; Conservatism and Reform, 1860;
least 1 child. Practiced medicine in vicinity of Bar-
and
editor Works of John Adams, 10 vols., 1850-56.
ton, Vt., 1822-36; attended med. lectures, Phila.,
Acad., 1800-03; prin. Bacon Acad., Colchester,
New
Conn., 1803-10, Phillips Acad,, Andover, Mass.,
Ho.
of
Reps.
Died Boston, Nov. 21, 1886; buried Quincy, Mass.
1835-36; practiced medicine, Montpelier, Vt., 1836-
1810-32; prin. acad., Elbridge, N.Y.; pres. female
on
58; made violins as an avocation. Author works on
com.
ADAMS, Charles R., opera singer; b. Charles-
sem., Jacksonville, III.; agt. for middle west region
in
his
honor.
theology including: Theological Criticism; or, Hints
town, Mass., Feb. 9, 1834; S. Charles and Eliza
Am. Sunday Sch. Union, organized several hundred
burled
Frank-
of the Philosophy of Man and Nature, 1843. Died
Ann (Runey) A.; learned music from Edwin
Sunday Schs. Died Jacksonville, Apr. 24, 1863;
Montpelier, Dec. 17, 1858.
buried Jacksonville.
Bruce, Mme. Amault and R. Mulder, all of Bos-
ymouth,
Mass.,
ton. Sang tenor in The Creation with Handel and
ADAMS, Green, congressman; b. Barbourville,
ADAMS, John, congressman; b. Oak Hill,
and
Elizabeth
Haydn Soc., Boston, 1856; toured country and
Ky., Aug. 20, 1812; studied law. Admitted to bar,
Greene County, N.Y., Aug. 26, 1778; studied law.
Pres.
U.S.),
West Indies, 1856-61; sang tenor in Vienna Opera
practiced law; mem. Ky. Ho. of Reps., 1839; Whig
Taught sch. in Durham, N.Y.; admitted to bar,
(6th
Pres.
in La Sonnambula; toured Russia and Holland;
presdl. electer, 1844; mem. U.S. Ho. of Reps.
1805, began practice in Durham; apptd. surrogate
volumes
of
her
JB-
FYI
Aarhus
October 25, 1991
A:MADRIDEM
Draft One
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: EMBASSY GREETING
MADRID, SPAIN
Thank you. Ambassador Joe Zappala, an old friend of mine;
Carole Zappala; Ed Casey, our DCM, and his wife Ellen. I'm told
we have two former Desert Storm POWs here today -- two American
pilots -- Major Jeffrey Tice, "Tico"; and Captain Harry Roberts.
I only wish Barbara could be here to meet you as well.
When I had the honor of representing the United States in
China, I learned how busy our embassies can be, serving the
American community in a foreign country. You certainly have had
additional responsibilities put upon you these past few weeks --
with the inspection teams, Secretary Baker's visits, and all the
extra work to get ready for this important peace conference.
I understand the hard-working spirit is contagious, and that
you all seem to have "caught the bug" from the Ambassador. Let me
share a thought with you. Robert Frost once said, "By working
faithfully eight hours a day, you may eventually get to be a boss
and work twelve hours a day. "
Thank you again for all your hard work and devotion to the
United States of America. May God bless you all.
#
#
#
#
#
4:15p.m. 10/24/91
TRIP TO THE HAGUE :
11-09-91 (SATURDAY)
1 MTG- 10:45 TOMORROW
FREE at commonwert NATIONS
- 2ND TRIP TO NETHERLANDS ( 1989 LIEDEN SPEECH) (
- SCENE DUTCH PARLIAMENT BMILDING
wk hy
EMPASSY (31-70-362-4911 (cou @ 8:30 ton RN)
POL. COUNSELOR LARRY ROSSIN
011-
the
Speech @ RIDDERZAAL- NOON- 12-2
mixt his. wk)
15-20 MIN SPEECH
HISTORY OF BULDING (FORMER KNIGHTS HARD
THES TO DEMOCRACY
Maque 22OCT.
The 7974
Cable ref. #5 - advance office
80491 24OCT.,
8054
2409.
trip to Embassy
annie
Bracken
children Lb there 1 @ Am. Sch. of the Hagne
Ig. sch. built last yr.
one year old
last time here?
7136
Jay
Mrs. Bush laid foundation stone tab 13th (1)
deak off @ State Dave Wagner
647-6664
Margaret Marin
(00/0/b)
James
overseas schools
Central Files
2242
(703)875-7800
Mr. Bude Event File
)
Judy knott-
July 1990
2800 JF
8:30 am
-10/25
Battery Consertrium
7140 PC
acks:
PRIDAY
Kashy Gevins:
out on S. Lawn
call Public finisor
project officer
gin Highery
to
WALL ont r/ Se4 Watkins
m Dias Adm, Ritey
Big3 anto mind (not CEDS)
Pres. Chryster Robt LUTZ
y. Vchair GM Robt SCHULTZ
VP N.Am openite Ford Alexander TROTMAN
[BXCH Lears andrew m12230
Deatrol Sed. EPA Mosbacher Alminstr Riby Reily
cur, LEQ Mike Deland
M.C.
b
some
Gec. Mosbacher
Debbie Rustra
will be there
mety;
10 THE
10
THE HAQUE VISIT
NETHERLANDS
re-ad
Henrik (Partays
Bush The Hangue
Advance Susan Dank (The Hage
Craig Bay
cowr w/ Mike Hegedus - Commencial Commin Q
american Embany the Hagne
MONDAY:|
FACT. ON SADAT : ISRAEU MOTHER
ADVANCE PLE HAGUE VISIT /REMARKS (DUE 10/24 - THES)
FIRST DRAFT EMBASSY SREETINGS (DUE 10/29-TUES)
ENVIRONMENTAL yourt ANARDS (DUE 10/28 MON.)
DORIS GLUSPIE- 260-4484 re: into M 20th ann.; acknowledgements
C, Howard Wilkins, Jr. (mot married
[ack-] -]
and all Jehn the
greet embassy community (15 )
smaller
evert
2
cutl Marine Coys cake (6 day)
15 min
an
3
grymasurate to h an cm as a while amenic
separate pet of
of am. Sch Dr.
supertment Gail Schoppert
parents ÷ children of school
another Ampervatement other am. schools, branches
reps of com. grops an women't child
suggent grys Reghtsin Nuscas
dias names - not sure for
gunnery Agt. local commentant (?)
3 studubs, parents faculting but schools in Netherlands
last visit my 89
Oct 90 Queen Beatrix pened school
lights- yvs. effort, quair ed. cogniation - very, very Mile
by the time he gets there tournamet for b over
Northwestn European schools
t
that whend Aprils fall tommament:
Belgin
( gmbs boy) poccor; volleyball (boys girls)
asH Frojans - colors: gold many blue
- school prob grim sweatsnit momb of school
expect to be a large event
- 2"2 bbace counts -
780 studs 55 % am 5% dutch remarks 40 other
109 on faculty (stal) the major am- expate
andam and RoHerdam also have schools
make - 12th am. curane
not really talking about Norld Perior
(air gndan Nine phoes)
Marine Comps 216th - us Marine
tradition cult of the to youngsts
oulst and quint of horor (Potus/Flotus)
Sec. Baker would be older (Marur)
1590v't agencie ( consults in
ambassador Wilkins - ams DUTCH stall of am. embassy
142 am III em bassies local statf)
to Netherlands.
one of first us lst. John adams first ambassados
to Nethunands
founded
lands
Nith hey finan Rev. war
Dutch fint re Loging am Flag St.Eustacious
am. warship sailed fiver cannon saute
amslerdam - capitol
(
all Embassies $ Quey in the
Hague
Fantastic ambansactor
from private Actor entreprese
knows polus- friends
big on entreprenensly "them event i govt
Huve's intrepreneurs
- new ideas coming out of gov't -
anectital 1
school serves as hub of the community - centary activity
co-use auditorin
PTA-(mufing) X
*
- write question if cound ask one of
Bunton
October 30, 1991
HAGUEMB
Draft One
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: EMBASSY GREETING
AMERICAN SCHOOL OF THE HAGUE
Thank you. Ambassador Wilkins [Howard], my good friend.
[Other staff.] I want to compliment you and the Embassy staff -
- both Dutch and American -- for the first rate job you are
doing. In no small part because of your contributions, our
relations with the Netherlands are excellent.
Our countries have enjoyed close ties since Patriot father
John Adams -- seeking recognition for the new nation -- was came as
minister to the Netherlands. His journals give accounts of
diplomacy, social life at the Hague, and Continental Congress'
November 10, 1775 resolution to raise two battalions of Marines.
the
Three years later, he fought with Marines during an encounter
with a British ship.
STET Now Frenting
216 years later, the U.S. Marine Corps is here and
216
around the world protecting and defending American interests.
Semper Fi, happy birthday, Marines. Now I'm going to cut the
cake. As is tradition -- a slice goes to the oldest Marine, the
youngest Marine and the guests of honor present. Sec. Baker
[Jim], since you're the oldest, you get the first piece!///
Again, I commend you all for your support and dedication to
the United States of America. I appreciate all the hard work you
have done to make my visit here a success. May God bless you
all.
###
Speechwriters
Cristina Martin
122
CONFIDENTIAL
MEETING WITH U.S. EMBASSY PERSONNEL AND AMERICAN COMMUNITY
SCENESETTER
PURPOSE
You will want to compliment the Embassy staff for their support
of U.S. interests and policies overseas, and especially to thank
them for their efforts to make your visit a success. In
addition, given the Marine Corps birthday shortly after your
visit, you should pay tribute to the Marine Corps and the Embassy
Marines. You can also applaud the American community on its fine
education program and its role in furthering international
commerce and understanding.
BACKGROUND
During this 30-minute event you will perform four activities in
two different rooms of the newly constructed American School in
The Hague:
In the auditorium:
:
Address the American and Dutch personnel of the U.S. Embassy
The Hague.
--
Cut the Marine Corps' birthday cake for the Marine Security
Guard detachment
In the gymnasium:
Greet the American School community, which includes private
Americans residing in the Netherlands.
:
Have a photo op with the community children.
DECLASSIFIED
Department of State Guidelines
E.O. 12958, SEC 3.4 (B), July 21, 1997
CONFIDENTIAL
By It NARA, Date 06/06/23
Declassify on: OADR
CONFIDENTIAL
POINTS TO BE MADE
OUTLINE FOR THE REMARKS TO THE EMBASSY PERSONNEL
Our relations with the Netherlands are excellent, in no
small part because of the contribution of all the employees,
both Dutch and American, of the Embassy and their families.
I commend you all.
Your dedication and support have made my visit to the
Netherlands today a success. Thank you.
I would also like to compliment my good friend Howard
Wilkins for the outstanding job he is doing as Ambassador to
the Netherlands.
--
The U.S. Marine Corps is always there protecting and
defending American interests on a moment's notice around the
world.
--
Semper Fi, and Happy Birthday, Marines!
--
You are all doing a marvelous job. Keep up the good work!
DETERMINED TO BE AN
ADMINISTRATIVE MARKING
CONF IDENTIAL
PER E.O. 12958, SEC 3.3 (C)
Declassify on: OADR
Rune 11/01/04
Speech from
July (7.1989 4
Leiden, Notherlams
The Pietershinle,
medauran- -
amt abigane Jenning from terder
June
state dinner
after waya the back Mil Call Noor Palace diender
as of XXX Oct 9/-
Nothing w
madi
American School of the Hague:
Mrs. Bush unveiled cornerstone of The American School of the
Hague in July, 1989.
fine school, traditional strengths of Americn education,
located in heart of European center of international
government, commerce, and cultural exchange
educational
journey
seat of Model U.N. -- students come annually to debate, AHS
one of founders and a main host
probably will have banners up welcoming and school banners,
athletic banners from tournament
thinking about dedicating school library to POTUS/FLOTUS
John Adams:
important figure in Revoulutionary era diplomacy, Patriot
father - variety of diplomatic missions: seeking recognition
for the new nation, negotiaiting treaties of trade and
alliance, raising money
joined the marines during one encounter with a British ship
and impressed everyone with his patriotic determination to
risk his life for his country.
named minister to the Netherlands 1780 where achieved
diplomatic recognition
John Quincy Adams:
son of John adams, commissioned minister to Portugal by
President Washington and instructed to stay at the Hague,
where he was serving as American minster to the Netherlands
age 16 at the Hague studied the classics under Dumas
Marines:
John Adams's journal entry read:
On 10 November 1775 the Continental Congress resolved that
two Battalions of Marines be raised, consisting of one
Colonel, two Lieutenant Colonels, two Majors, and other
officers as usual in other regiments; that they consist of
an equal Number of privates with other Battalions; or
inlisted into said Battalions, but such as are good Seamen
or so aquianted with maritime affiars
misc unattib quote:
"at no period of the naval history of the world is it
probable that the Marines were more important than during
the War of the Revolution
"
Bunton
Nov. 1, 1991
HAGUEMB
Draft Two
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: EMBASSY GREETING
AMERICAN SCHOOL OF THE HAGUE
0
Thank you. Ambassador Wilkins [Howard], my good friend.
[Other staff.] I want to compliment you and the Embassy staff - -
- Dutch and American -- for the first rate job you are doing.
In no small part because of your contributions, our relations
with the Netherlands are excellent.
0
Our countries have enjoyed close ties since Patriot father
John Adams -- seeking recognition for our new nation -- came as
minister to the Netherlands. It was during his time -- on
rosolved
10
November 10, 1775 that the Continental Congress passed-a
resolution to raise two battalions of Marines. Three years
later, John Adams fought alongside the Marines during an
encounter with a British ship.
0 Now 216 years later, the U.S. Marine Corps is here and
around the world protecting and defending American interests.
Semper Fi, happy birthday, Marines. Now I'm going to cut the
cake. In keeping with tradition -- a slice goes to the oldest
Marine, the youngest Marine and the guests of honor present.
Sec. Baker
[Jim], since you're the oldest, you get the first piece!///
0
Again, I commend you all for your support and dedication to
the United States of America. I appreciate all the hard work you
have done to make my visit here a success. May God bless you
all.
####
Nov
/
Bunton
October 30, 1991
HAGUEMB
Draft One
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: EMBASSY GREETING
AMERICAN SCHOOL OF THE HAGUE
0
Thank you. Ambassador Wilkins [Howard], my good friend.
[Other staff.] I want to compliment you and the Embassy staff -
-
both Dutch and American -- for the first rate job you are
doing. In no small part because of your contributions, our
relations with the Netherlands are excellent.
Our countries have enjoyed close ties since Patriot father
our
John Adams -- seeking recognition for the new nation -- came as
Hwas during his syme here - on
minister to the Netherlands. His journals give accounts of
17/10/1775-
that the
diplomacy, social life at the Hague, and Continental Congress
passed a
November 10, 1775 resolution to raise two battalions of Marines.
John adams
Three years later, he N fought with the Marines during an encounter
with a British ship.
alongide -(or as?)
Now 216 years later, the U.S. Marine Corps is here and
around the world protecting and defending American interests.
Semper Fi, happy birthday, Marines. Now I'm going to cut the
cake. Ageis tradition -- a slice goes to the oldest Marine, the
youngest Marine and the guests of honor present. Sec. Baker
[Jim], since you're the oldest, you get the first piece!///
Again, I commend you all for your support and dedication to
the United States of America. I appreciate all the hard work you
have done to make my visit here a success. May God bless you
all.
####
680
HAGUE-HAGUE, THE
chief centers were in Constantinople, Asia Minor,
HAGUE, The, hãg, a city in the Netherlands.
Mount Athos, Palestine, and Calabria. In the
The Dutch name for the city is 's-Gravenhage or
Latin West St. Jerome carried on the Athanasian
Den Haag. It is the seat of the Netherlands
tradition with lives of three holy monks, Paul of
government (though Amsterdam is officially the
Thebes, Malchus, and Hilarion. The Life of
capital), the capital of the province of Zuid-
Martin (bishop of Tours) by Sulpicius Severus
Holland, and the seat of the Netherlands Su-
(died about 410) became one of the models for
preme Court, of the Permanent Court of Inter-
Latin hagiographers. Gregory of Tours (about
national Justice, and of the Permanent Court of
538-594), particularly in his Book of Miracles,
Arbitration.
and Pope St. Gregory I (reigned 590-604) in
Situated on the flat, drained coastal plain of
his Dialogues probably did the most to chart
the Netherlands, about 3 miles (5 km) from
the course of medieval hagiography.
the North Sea, The Hague has expanded west-
Between 613 and 715, some 200 lives of
ward into the dunelands, so that Scheveningen
saints were written, most of them anonymous,
(a popular seaside resort and the second most
with the chief emphasis on edification. It was
important Dutch fishing port) and Loosduinen
not uncommon to transfer miracles and episodes
are now contiguous with The Hague, as are
from the life of one saint to that of another to
Voorburg and Rijswijk to the east.
achieve this end. A few centuries later, apocry-
With the growth of The Hague, commercial
phal lives were written to satisfy local vanity.
development has centered mainly in the southern
Among the most important hagiographical
part of the city and industrial expansion chiefly
collections are the Martyrs of Palestine by Euse-
in the west and southwest, while spaciously de-
bius of Caesarea, the 4th century historian who
signed, well-planned and laid-out suburbs with
is often styled the first professional hagiogra-
broad avenues extend to the north and north-
pher." In the 10th century Simeon Metaphrastes
west. In the decade before World War II, large
brought out his great Menology, but the most
areas of near-slum dwellings in the fishing port
highly esteemed in the West was the Legenda
area of Scheveningen were cleared and replaced
aurea (see GOLDEN LEGEND) of James of Vo-
by new houses; since the war, large, attractively
ragine (died 1298).
designed blocks of apartments have been built
Modern Hagiography. A new era in hagiogra-
southwest of the city center, and new planned
phy began with Lawrence Surius, who compiled
suburbs have been created in the polder lands
a critical collection of saints' lives (De probatis
southeast of the city. Large parks and open
sanctorum historiis, 1570-1575). In 1606 Heri-
spaces include the Haagsche Bosch to the east
bert Rosweyde began a major hagiographical
and the Scheveningsche Boschjes to the north.
research undertaking but died before his pro-
There are highway and railroad connections with
jected Acta sanctorum was published. His suc-
Hook of Holland, Leiden, Amsterdam, Utrecht,
cessor John Bolland reorganized the work, giving
and Rotterdam.
a critical text of the lives of saints arranged ac-
Population and Economy. As The Hague's po-
cording to the days of the month on which their
litical and administrative importance increased,
feasts are celebrated. This work has been car-
its population grew rapidly (from 56,000 in 1830
ried on by a group of Jesuit scholars in Belgium
to 206,000 in 1899). Growth has continued in
called the Bollandists (q.v.).
the 20th century, more rapidly than in any other
HERMIGILD DRESSLER, O.F.M.
Dutch city (except Enschede and Eindhoven).
The Catholic University of America
The population includes many government em-
ployees and retired officials.
HAGUE, hãg, Frank (1876-1956), American
The city's most important function is as an
Democratic party leader in New Jersey. Born in
administrative center. Some large banks and
Jersey City, N. J., on Jan. 17, 1876, he left school
other financial institutions, insurance companies,
early to work and was soon involved in local
and oil firms maintain head offices in The Hague.
politics. As the Democratic mayor of Jersey City
Industrial activity includes printing, papermak-
from 1917 to 1947, he was one of the most
ing, publishing, food processing, and the manu-
powerful political bosses in U.S. history, ruling
facture of pottery, glass, furniture, clothing, and
Jersey City as a feudal fiefdom. In an unguarded
at variety of luxury consumer goods.
moment in 1937 he boasted "I am the law in
Places of Interest. The old quarter of the city
Jersey City."
centers around the irregular group of buildings
Hague went to the Democratic convention in
around the Binnenhof, or Inner Court, of the
1932 as a supporter of Alfred E. Smith but
palace of the counts of Holland. There are also
quickly climbed on the Roosevelt bandwagon and
numerous other government buildings, attractive
stayed there throughout Roosevelt's presidency.
18th century patricians' houses, the 16th century
Although he apparently cared little for Roosevelt
town hall (Raadhuis), the royal palace (Huis
or the New Deal, he understood the political
ten Bosch), the Royal Theater, and many
magic of Roosevelt's name on the Democratic
churches (including the Groote Kerk, or Sint
ticket. In 1940, Hague supported Charles Edison
Jacobskerk, with the largest carillon in the coun-
for governor of New Jersey, but after being
try), museums, art galleries, and libraries.
elected, Edison refused to follow Hague's orders.
The Kröller-Müller Museum has a fine collec-
The ensuing bitter feud came to a climax when
tion of modern painting (notably by Vincent van
Hague succeeded in blocking Edison's attempt
Gogh) and sculptures. The Royal Picture Gal-
to have a new state constitution ratified.
lery, housed in the Mauritshuis (a building dating
Hague retired as mayor in 1947 in favor of
from the Renaissance), has one of the world's
his nephew, Frank Hague Eggers. But two years
finest collections, assembled by the House of
later the Hague era in New Jersey politics ended
Orange; it is especially rich in the works of Rem-
when both Eggers and Hague's gubernatorial
brandt, Vermeer, Jan Steen, and Jacob van Ruis-
candidate were defeated. Hague died in New
dael, and it also has paintings by Van Dyck and
York City on Jan. 1, 1956.
Rubens and by a number of foreign artists. The
CHARLES J. TULL, Indiana University
Municipal Museum of Ancient Art contains much
NETHERLANDS INFORMATION SERVICE
The Hague's Princess Canal is lined by stately 18th century mansions. Many now house foreign diplomatic missions.
material concerning the history of the city. The
Sweden, was signed there in 1688. The city was
Royal Library, the largest in the country, has
rebuilt and extended on dignified lines, although,
a large collection of valuable books and manu-
oddly enough, it still had no formal municipal
scripts. The Bredius Museum contains a fine art
status and was referred to as "the largest village
collection. The former Noordeinde Palace, built
in Europe."
in the 16th century, now houses the International
In 1795 the Dutch republic collapsed after
Institute for Social Studies.
the invasion of French armies; in that year The
Among other notable buildings are the former
Hague became capital of the French-controlled
residences of Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, Johan
republic of Holland. In 1808, Louis Bonaparte
De Witt, and Benedict de Spinoza. Modern
(who gave The Hague its first civic charter)
buildings include the head offices of Royal Dutch
moved the government first to Utrecht and then
Shell and KLM (Royal Dutch Airlines). The
to Amsterdam. The latter remained the seat of
Hague attracts many visitors, and hotels, shops,
government for more than a century, except dur-
theaters, and restaurants flank broad, tree-lined
ing the period of the union of Holland and Bel-
avenues.
gium, when the parliament met alternately at
History. The Hague owes its origin to a
The Hague and Brussels.
hunting lodge maintained in the woods during
During the 19th century the city declined in
the 13th century by the counts of Holland.
economic importance, especially in comparison
Hence the name 's-Gravenhage, meaning the
with rapidly growing Amsterdam and Rotterdam.
"count's enclosure" or "hedge." Part of these
It continued, however, to be an attractive resi-
woods remain today as the Haagsche Bosch. The
dential city with a cosmopolitan reputation. In
lodge was gradually enlarged into a fortified resi-
1899 the first International Peace Congress, called
dence around the Binnenhof, which became the
by Czar Nicholas II of Russia, was held in The
palace of the counts of Holland. The original
Hague. The first really international effort at
13th century Ridderzaal (Knights' Hall), built
peace, it was attended by representatives of 26
by Gerard van Leyden, has been restored and is
nations; its main object, to limit armaments, was
used for combined sessions of the two houses of
opposed by Germany, but a number of agree-
parliament.
ments were reached. This was followed by a
Under the dukes of Burgundy and later under
second congress in 1907; a third, planned for
the Habsburgs, political authority became con-
1915, was not held because of World War I.
centrated in the Southern Netherlands, and The
The Hague was restored as the seat of the
Hague declined in importance. In the 16th cen-
Dutch government in 1913. In 1922 it became
tury, however, it was a center of resistance to
the home of the Permanent Court of International
Spain, and William of Orange, as stadholder,
Justice, located in the Peace Palace (Vredes-
made it his capital in 1559. In 1580 the States-
paleis), which had been completed in 1913 with
General met in the Binnenhof, and the seat of
a large bequest from Andrew Carnegie. Many
government was established in The Hague; soon
governments also contributed to the building in-
afterward, Maurice of Nassau, son/of William the
cluding Britain, which donated some stained glass
Silent, made the city his residence, and between
windows. Many international conferences have
1613 and 1619 he constructed a ring canal as
been held there. Population: (1968) 576,200.
part of the fortifications.
F.J. MONKHOUSE
In the 17th and 18th centuries The Hague
Author, "Geography of Northwestern Europe"
Decame a major European diplomatic center; the
Triple Alliance between Holland, England, and
HAGUE CONFERENCES. See HAGUE COURT.
681
Holland
604
The Hague, Scheveningen, and Delft
605
Lisse De Nachtegaal van Lisse. The hotel's location just outside town
1:30 every day. The trip includes background on the royal fami-
Lodging
makes it ideal for visitors to the Keukenhof Gardens. Conve-
ly and visits to Queen Beatrix's residences. Book in advance at
nience, comfort, and excellent sports facilities compensate for
the VVV; cost: Fl. 20 for a three-hour tour. The Hague Muse-
an impersonal atmosphere. Three restaurants serve interna-
um Bus operates on the same principal as the Amsterdam Mu-
tional cuisine. Heereweg 10, tel. 02521/14447. 120 rooms with
seum Boat: A special VVV shuttle bus takes visitors from one
bath. Facilities: restaurant, swimming pool, tennis. AE, DC,
museum to another. The cost is Fl. 2; get details from the VVV.
MC, V. Expensive.
Scheveningen and Delft are best seen on foot. The Delft VVV
Utrecht Het Draeckje. This typical Dutch restaurant is set in a vaulted
office organizes tours, while the Scheveningen VVV will advise
Dining cellar on Utrecht's loveliest canal. As a member of the Neder-
on coastal strolls.
lands Dis chain of traditional restaurants, it offers a seasonal
Dutch menu at reasonable prices. Coffee is accompanied by the
Tourist Information
local spicy biscuits. Oude Gracht 114-120, tel. 030/321999. Res-
ervations advised on weekends. AE, DC, MC. Closed Sun.
Delft. Markt 85, tel. 015/126100. Open Mon.-Sat. 9-6, Sun.
Moderate.
11-3. When the VVV office is closed, the latest hotel informa-
tion is posted in the window.
Lodging
Malie. The Malie hotel is on a quiet leafy street, a five-minute
walk from the old center. This small, friendly hotel has an at-
The Hague. Babylon Center, tel. 070/3546200. Open Apr.-mid-
tractive dining room (breakfast only) overlooking the garden
Sept., Mon.-Sat. 9-8, Sun. 10-5; mid-Sept.-Mar., Mon.-Sat.
and terrace. It offers special reduced weekend rates when
9-6, Sun. 10-5.
booked through the VVV-Tourist Office. Maliestraat 2-4, tel.
Scheveningen. Gevers Deynootweg 126 (corner of Scheve-
030/316424. 30 rooms with bath or shower. Facilities: bar, din-
ningseslag), tel. 070/3542402. Open Apr.-mid-Sept., Mon.-
ing room (breakfast only). AE, DC, MC, V. Moderate.
Sat. 9-8, Sun. 10-5; mid-Sept.-Mar., Mon.-Sat. 9-5, Sun.
10-5.
The Hague,
If you're planning to spend a few days in The Hague, ask for the
Scheveningen, and Delft
VVV Info brochure on city events and entertainment. Tickets
can be reserved in person at the main VVV office.
Within this itinerary you can visit the Netherlands' most digni-
Exploring The Hague, Scheveningen, and Delft
fied and spacious city: the royal, diplomatic, and governmental
seat of Den Haag (in English, better known as The Hague); its
The Hague During the 17th century, The Hague was known as "The Whis-
close neighbor, the leading North Sea beach resort of Scheven-
pering Gallery of Europe" because it was thought to be the se-
ingen; and nearby Delft, a historic city with many canals and
cret manipulator of European politics. Although the Golden
ancient buildings.
Age is over, The Hague remains a dignified diplomatic capital,
quietly boastful of its royal connections.
Getting Around
Its heart is the Ridderzaal (Knight's Hall), the center of a
The Hague and Delft are 60 kilometers (37.5 miles) southwest
government complex, which is located by the peaceful Vijver
of Amsterdam and can be reached within less than an hour by
Lake. Inside are vast beams spanning a width of 18 meters (59
fast and frequent trains. The heart of both towns is compact
feet), flags, and stained-glass windows. A sense of history per-
enough to be explored on foot. Scheveningen is reached from
vades the 13th-century great hall. It is now used mainly for cer-
The Hague's center by bus or tram. Travelers will find public
emonies: Every year the queen's gilded coach brings her here
transportation more convenient than driving because of severe
to open Parliament. The two government chambers sit sepa-
parking problems at the resort. If the weather is bad or walk-
rately in buildings on either side of the Ridderzaal and can be
ing becomes tiring, taxis are readily available.
visited by guided tour only when Parliament is not in session.
Binnenhof 8a. Open Mon.-Sat. 10-4. Cost: Fl. 4.50. For a
Guided Tours
guided tour in English, book in advance, tel. 070/3646144.
Keeping the Ridderzaal on your right, pass through two nar-
Boat Trips From The Hague, various boat companies run short day trips
row archways and you'll emerge on the far side of the Bin-
and longer candlelight dinner cruises. These can be booked at
nenhof, the inner court of the former castle. The small, well-
The Hague VVV or through Rondvaartbadrijf RVH (Spui 279,
proportioned Dutch Renaissance building immediately on your
near the central station, tel. 070/3462437). Scheveningen offers
left, its back bordering Vijver Lake, is the Mauritshuis, one of
fishing-boat tours around the Dutch coast. Contact Sportsvis-
the greatest small art museums in the world. This superb 17th-
centrum (Scheveningen, tel. 070/3541122). In Delft, the VVV
century palace contains a feast of art from the same period, in-
organizes boat tours along the unspoiled canal system.
cluding 15 Rembrandts; of these the most powerful is The Anat-
Orientation Tours City sightseeing tours of The Hague can be arranged by or
omy Lesson of Dr. Tulp, a theatrical work depicting a
through the main VVV office next to the central station. The
gruesome dissection of the lower arm. Also featured are
size and diversity of the city make a bus tour a logical choice.
Vermeer's celebrated Girl Wearing a Turban and his master-
The "Royal Bus Tour" leaves from outside the VVV office at
piece, the glistening View of Delft, moodily emerging from a
606
The Hague, Scheveningen, and Delft
607
The Hague, Scheveningen, and Delft
now the city's trendiest neighborhood, an appealing mixture of
0
coffee bars, restaurants, and boutiques. The few remaining ca-
$ miles
Noordwijk-Binnen
nals are surprisingly peaceful. It is just the place to grab a
0
5 km
A44
quick bowl of Dutch pea soup, a pancake, or an Indonesian
Katwijk aan Zee
snack. The locals often prefer the herring cart in Maliestraat.
Once you're back in Lange Voorhout, take the Kneuterdijk road
North Sea
south toward the inner court and lake. After pausing at the
Leiden
Plaats Square to admire the greedy Hague ducks, look at the
Wassenaar
Gevangenpoort, the 14th-century prison gate. A prison for
many centuries, today it is a museum of instruments of torture.
Scheveningen
Buitenhof 33. Admission: Fl. 4. Open Apr.-Sept., weekdays
The Haque
10-5, weekends 1-5.
(Den Haag)
Voorberg
Zoetermeel
As you leave the prison gate, a right turn will take you to the
E30
Buitenhof (Outer Court), opposite the entrance to the Ridder-
Rijkswijk
zaal, where this tour began.
Monster
Poeldijk
A second route is farther out but within walking distance of the
Hoek van
N
Holland
Delft
center. North of Lange Voorhout is the Panorama Mesdag, a
huge painting-in-the-round that shows Scheveningen as it
Naaldwijk
A13
looked in 1880. Housed in a specially designed building, the
A20
Europoort
painting encompasses you in its 124-meter (400-foot) circum-
amaiN
A20
Rotterdam
ference. Hendrik Mesdag was a late-19th-century marine
painter, and his calming seascape is painted in the typically
Maassluis
Maas
melancholic colors of The Hague School. However, Mesdag was
helped by his wife, who painted much of the fishing village, and
by a friend, who painted the sky and dunes. Zeestraat 65b. Ad-
mission: Fl. 3. Open Mon.-Sat. 10-5, Sun. noon-5.
A15
Just around the corner in Laan van Meerdervoort is the paint-
er's home, now transformed into the Rijksmuseum H. W.
cloudburst. Korte Vijverberg 8. Admission: Fl. 6.50. Open
Mesdag. Paintings by Mesdag and members of The Hague
Tues.-Sat. 10-5, Sun. 11-5.
School are hung beside those of Corot, Courbet, and Rousseau.
These delicate landscapes represent one of the finest collec-
Outside the Mauritshuis, follow the Korte Vijverberg past
tions of Impressionists outside France. Laan van Meerder-
Vijver Lake. The lake is bordered by patrician houses with re-
voort 7f. Admission: Fl. 4. Open Tues.-Sat. 10-5, Sun. 1-5.
vamped 18th- and 19th-century facades, a sign of the area's
continuing popularity with the local aristocracy. Only the pres-
The Vredespaleis (Peace Palace), just behind Laan van Meer-
ence of huge ducks ruffles the surface of this stately lake.
dervoort, is a monument to an unrealized ideal. Following the
first peace conference at The Hague in 1899, the American mil-
Turn right at Lange Vijverberg and walk until you come to
lionaire Andrew Carnegie donated $1.5 million for the con-
Lange Voorhout, a large L-shaped avenue. During the last cen-
struction of a building to house a proposed Court of Arbi-
tury, horse-drawn trams clattered along its cobbles and depos-
tration. The Dutch government donated the grounds, and
ited dignitaries outside the various palaces. Apart from the
other nations offered furnishings and decorations. Although it
trams, not much has changed: Diplomats still eat in the historic
still looks like a dull multinational bank, the building has been
Hotel des Indes; Queen Beatrix and her staff work in the 16th-
improved by such gifts as Japanese wall hangings, a Danish
century Noordeinde Palace. No. 34 once belonged to William I,
fountain, and a grand staircase presented by The Hague. To-
the first king of the Netherlands, but later it became the royal
day the International Court of Justice, consisting of 15 jurists,
library; it is now the Supreme Court. With its clumsy skewed
has its seat here. There are guided tours daily when the court is
gable, the headquarters of the Dutch Red Cross at No. 6 seems
not in session; tel. 070/3469680 for details.
out of place on this stately avenue. A few doors down, at
the corner of Parkstraat, is The Hague's oldest church, the
The adjacent Haags Gemeentemuseum (Municipal Art Muse-
Kloosterkerk, built in 1400 and once used by the Black Friars.
um) is the home of the largest collection of Mondrians in the
During the spring, the adjoining square is covered with yellow
world plus two vast collections of musical instruments-Euro-
and purple crocuses; on Thursdays during the summer, it is the
pean and non-European. The building itself is also fascinating.
It was built in 1935 and is an example of the International Move-
scene of a colorful antiques market.
ment in modern architecture. Stadhouderslaan 41. Admis-
If a less reverential detour is required, follow any of the small
sion: Fl. 3. Open Tues.-Fri. 10-5, weekends noon-5.
streets leading off Lange Voorhout to the northeast. This area,
bounded by Denneweg, Hooikade, and Maliestraat, was a busy
The Hague is a city of parks, the biggest of which is the
canal network until it was filled in during the last century. It is
Zorgvliet, separating city from countryside. Opposite the park
is the Omniversum, described as Europe's first space theater.
Holland
608
The Hague, Scheveningen, and Delft
609
It is housed in a cylindrical building with a 75-foot dome that
that Dutch potters felt their livelihood was being threatened.
acts as a screen for the projection of dramatic presentations of
They therefore set about creating of pottery to rival Chinese
outer space and oceanic voyages. President Kennedylaan 5,
porcelain. There are only two manufacturers that still make
tel. 070/3545454. Admission: Fl. 13 adults, Fl. 9 children.
hand-painted Delftware: De Delftse Pauw and the more famous
Open Tues.-Thurs. 11-4, Fri.-Sun. 11-9.
"Royal" De Porceleyne Fleys. Original Delft is sold here in the
Between The Hague and Scheveningen is Madurodam, a minia-
market in the De Backer shop, but to see it being made, visit
ture city where everything is scaled to 1/52 of what its life-size
the De Porceleyne Fleys workshops. Rotterdamsweg 136, tel.
counterpart would be. None of the details of a real city has been
015/560234. Admission free. Open Mar.-Oct., Mon.-Sat. 9-5,
forgotten, from the harbor, with its lighthouse and quayside
Sun. 10-4; Nov.-Feb., weekdays 9-5, Sat. 10-4.
cranes, to the hand-carved furniture in the gabled houses. Son-
On the other side of the marketplace is the town hall, with a col-
et-lumière (sound-and-light) shows are planned for the summer
lection of paintings by Delft artists. Or walk around the right
months. Haringkade 17, tel. 070/3553900. Admission: Fl.
side of the Nieuwe Kerk, then left at the back and along the
8-Fl. 22. Open Mar.-June, 9 AM-10 PM; June-Aug., 9 AM-
Vrouwenregt canal for a few steps before taking another left
10:30 PM; Sept., 9-9; Oct.-Jan. 9-6.
turn into Voldergracht. To the left, the backs of the houses rise
Scheveningen Scheveningen is adjacent to The Hague, to the north. A fishing
straight from the water as you stroll to the end of the street,
village since the 14th century, it became popular as a beach re-
which is marked by the sculptured animal heads and outdoor
sort during the last century, when the Kurhaus Hotel was
stairs of the old Meat Market on the right. Cross the Wijnhaven
built. After years of decline, the resort has been revitalized,
and turn left along its far side to the Koornmarkt, a stately ca-
with a casino, restaurants, and nightlife.
nal spanned by a high, arching bridge that is one of the hall-
marks of Delft.
The beach itself, protected from tidal erosion by stone jetties,
At No. 67 is the Paul Tetar van Elven Museum, an artist's house
slopes gently into the North Sea in front of a high promenade
with a Louis XIV-style room and an upstairs studio. Koorn-
whose function is to protect the boulevard and everything be-
hind it from winter storms. The surface of the beach is fine
markt67. Admission: Openmid-Apr.-mid.-Oct., Tues.-
Sat. 11-5.
sand, and you can bicycle or walk for miles to the north.
Just before the end of the Koornmarkt is the Wapenhuis van
The Pier, completed in 1962, stretches 372 meters (1,200 feet)
Holland (arsenal), completed in 1692. Turn right to the Oude
into the sea. Its four circular end buildings provide a sun ter-
Delft canal, the city's oldest waterway. A few blocks farther
race and restaurant, a 43-meter- (141-foot-) high observation
along the canal, you will come upon the incredible Gothic facade
tower, an amusement center with children's play area, and an
of the Gemeenlandshuis, built as a private residence in 1520,
underwater panorama. Part of the new design around the
with a flamboyant display of painted coats of arms from 1652. A
Kurhaus area includes the Golfbad, a surf pool complete with
few doors farther is the Prinsehof, formerly the Convent of St.
artificial waves. At 11 on summer evenings, the Pier is the
Agatha, founded in 1400. The chapel inside dates from 1471; its
scene of dramatic fireworks displays.
interior is remarkable for the wooden statues under the vault-
Delft Thirteen kilometers (8 miles) along the A13 from The Hague,
ing ribs. Today the Prinsenhof is a museum that tells the story
you'll enter Delft. There is probably no spot in the Netherlands
of the liberation of the Netherlands after 80 years of Spanish
that is more intimate, more attractive, or more traditional than
occupation (1568-1648). For Dutch royalists, the spot is signifi-
this little town, whose famous blue-and-white earthenware is
cant for the assassination of Prince William of Orange in 1584;
SO popular throughout the world. Compact and easy to explore,
the bullet holes can still be seen in the wall. St. Agathaplein 1.
despite its web of canals, Delft is best discovered on foot-al-
Admission: Fl. 4.50. Open Tues.-Sat. 10-5, Sun. 1-5.
though water taxis are available during the summer, as are
Across the Oude Delft canal is the Oude Kerk (Old Church), a
horse-drawn buses that leave from the marketplace. Every
vast Gothic monument of the 13th century. Its beautiful tower,
street is lined with attractive medieval Gothic and Renaissance
surmounted by a brick spire, leans somewhat alarmingly. Ad-
houses that bear such names as Wijnhaus (Wine House) and
mission: Fl. 2. Open Apr.-Sept. noon-4.
Boter Brug (Butter Bridge).
Beyond the Prinsenhof on the same side of the Oude Delft canal
In the marketplace, the only lively spot in this tranquil town, is
is the Lambert van Meerten Museum, a mansion whose tim-
the Nieuwe Kerk (New Church), built during the 14th century,
bered rooms are filled with the country's most complete collec-
with its piercing Gothic spire 93 meters (300 feet) high, a mag-
tion of old Dutch tiles as well as Delft pottery. Oude Delft 199.
nificent carillon of 48 bells, and the tomb of William the Silent.
Admission: Fl. 4. Open Tues.-Sat. 10-5, Sun. 1-5. Also Mon.
Beneath this grotesque black marble sarcophagus is a crypt
1-5 in summer.
containing the remains of members of the Orange-Nassau line,
including all members of the royal family since King William I
Dining and Lodging
ascended the throne during the mid-16th century. Admission:
Fl. 2. Open Apr.-Sept., Mon.-Sat. 9-5; Oct.-Mar., Mon.-
For details and price-category definitions, see Dining and
Sat. 10-noon and 1:30-3.
Lodging in Staying in Holland.
While in Delft, you will want to see the famous local specialty-
Delft De Bark. A small, family-run restaurant in the old Hotel De
Delftware. Decorated porcelain was brought to Holland from
Dining Ark, De Bark's motto is "Sunday Meals the Whole Week
China on East India Company ships and was S0 much in demand
'Round," an excuse for rich, substantial dishes such as steak in