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Prime Minister Demirel [Turkey] Departure 2/11/92 [OA 7568]
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Prime Minister Demirel [Turkey] Departure 2/11/92 [OA 7568]
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Originally Processed With FOIA(s):
FOIA Number:
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S
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This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
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George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
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Speechwriting, White House Office of
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OA/ID Number:
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Prime Minister Demirel [Turkey] Departure 2/11/92 [OA 7568]
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01. Paper
"Turkey: An Overview." (8 pp.)
n.d.
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Prime Minister Demirel [Turkey] Departure 2/11/92
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P-2/P-5 Review Case #:
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
February 11, 1992
REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT
AND PRIME MINISTER DEMIREL UPON DEPARTURE
The South Grounds
1:30 P.M. EST
THE PRESIDENT: Mr. Prime Minister, it's been a great
pleasure to meet with a man whose career embodies a devotion to
democracy and human rights. And seven times the people of Turkey
have sent you to serve as Prime Minister -- an office that you've
served often with daring, always with dignity. And you've been a
great European statesman. And you remain a spokesman for change.
No wonder you said when we met last summer, "I'm going
to be Prime Minister." And your devotion to your people has been
returned by their confidence in you. And for me, it was a pleasure
to welcome you back to the Oval Office that you first visited 37 --
PRIME MINISTER DEMIREL: -- years ago.
PRESIDENT BUSH: Thirty-seven or --
PRIME MINISTER DEMIREL: Yes, 37.
PRESIDENT BUSH: Thirty-seven years ago when President
Eisenhower was in that very special office.
Barbara and I will never forget our trip to Turkey last
year. And I recall especially the magic of Istanbul, the minarets of
the Blue Mosque, the splendor of the beautiful palace, the boats that
graced the Straits of the Bosporous, the lights that lit up the
Asian and European parts of the city -- their skyline a lovely
silhouette against the night.
And I marveled at this country which spans two
continents, just as the friendship between our countries spans two
centuries. Today, as the Prime Minister and I mapped our path toward
the future, we spoke of friendship and how it nurtures the ties
between our peoples. Perhaps Kemal Ataturk said it best: "Nations
are bound more by sentiments than by treaties."
Turkey is indeed a friend, a partner of the United
States. And it's also a model to others -- especially those newly-
independent republics of Central Asia. In a region of changing
tides, it endures as a beacon of stability. And so I repeat what I
told the Prime Minister: The United States will support its friend
-- in its territorial integrity, its sovereignty and stability,
particularly in its war against terrorism.
And we're going to work together to fortify the enhanced
partnership which both links and lifts our nations. The pillars
included: trade, diplomacy, NATO and CSCE membership, and a shared
commitment to justice and human rights. And last year in the Gulf,
in the Persian Gulf, we joined to face aggression and then faced
aggression down.
We're going to continue to work through the United
Nations to see that all Iraqi citizens get the food and medicine they
MORE
- 2 -
need -- and the peace and liberty they deserve in an Iraq free of
Saddam's tyranny.
Today, we spoke of a world reborn through the Cold War's
death -- of the plight of the new republics emerging from the old
Soviet Union. Already, Turkey and the United States have joined
hands to feed mouths -- rushing goods through Project Hope to needy
friends in the Caucasus and Central Asia.
I wish to announce that our governments will expand that
cooperation in these new republics. We will seek new ways to help
our new friends secure their independence -- and move quickly and
peacefully to establish ties with the West.
Mr. Prime Minister, you once said, "Every question will
be answered discussion will be open and free." And in that
spirit, we spoke of Turkey's importance to Europe, and I applauded
your government's commitment to improve relations with Greece. The
Prime Minister and I did talk about the Cyprus problem. We share the
objective of early negotiated settlement which will be both just and
lasting. And we agreed to give full support to the Good Offices
Mission of the United Nation's Secretary General and to work with the
other parties toward an agreement.
In closing, we've agreed to stay in touch -- personally
and officially -- at many levels of our governments. And we leave
with horizons. the faith that our talks have covered much ground, charted new
The road toward progress may at times be difficult. It
need not be lonely. An old Turkish proverb reminds us, "A long
journey is shortened by good companions." So Mr. Prime Minister, let
us make that journey together, as we have before, and as we will
again. And may God bless the peoples of Turkiye, and the United
States of America. Welcome, sir.
PRIME MINISTER DEMIREL: Thank you, Mr. President.
We had substantive and constructive talks on a wide
range of issues of mutual interests. Turkey and the United States of
America share universal aspirations and values, such as democracy,
respect for human rights and the rule of law, tolerance, economic
liberty, and protection of the environment.
I am very much pleased, having had cordial talks with a
man who has proven his determination in this respect. His able
leadership and diplomatic skills contributed to the making of a new
world, and I'm sure will continue to do so. Our longtime ally and
friend, the United States, takes its real power from its dedication
to democratic values and ideals, and that makes it a great nation and
a great country. From the Korean War to the Gulf crisis, Turkey and
the United States have been together in standing tall against
international aggression and adventurism. Ours was a voluntary
cooperation based on shared concerns for freedom and legitimacy.
That's why it has proven to be solid, lasting and fruitful.
Today, we are happy to witness the birth of an
international solidarity based on these values. Turkey and the
United States of America have stood together in a divided world in
defense of high values. In a united world, this partnership will
continue to be as crucial.
I discussed with President Bush the new dimensions that
Turkish-American relations will take in the making of a new world.
In an era of sweeping changes and uncertainties, when the ideas of
regional cooperation and solidarity based on democracy and the free
market are key to peace and prosperity, we are aware of our common
responsibilities. The coexistence of risks and opportunities is a
MORE
- 3 -
world. challenge to be met collectively in an ever more rapidly shrinking
are paying a high price for freedom. Turkey and the United States
In our part of the world, women and men, old and young,
have helped them and will continue to do so. After providing comfort
to the Kurds, Arabs fleeing Saddam's forces, we are now providing
Union. hope for the newly-emerging independent nations in the former Soviet
For these two tremendous relief operations, cooperation
between all countries and the spirit of common survival and
international solidarity were indispensable. Turkey and the United
States have a proud record of extending a helping hand to those
fleeing persecution. Let us remember the Jews expelled from Spain
500 years ago and fleeing Europe during the Second World War, the
Northern relief. Iraqis and many others who have come to Turkey and found
fundamentalism and racist nationalism. Democracy and freedom are
We will continue to resist any form of totalitarianism,
universal values that no widely embraced -- or region denies. Turkey
as a secular, pluralized democracy stands as an island of stability
in the midst of the troubled Middle East and the emerging family of
Union. free and independent nations in the Balkans and the former Soviet
Being a European, Balkan, Black Sea, West Asian, Middle
Eastern and Mediterranean country all at once, we can easily
communicate with the peoples of these regions. It's an historical
chance that Turkey, with a democratic, secular and market-oriented
structure that happens to be situated in the very center of this
regional conglomerate -- we are aware of this challenge. We are
aware of the difficulties and responsibilities attached to it. And
we know we are not alone to face it.
I would like to emphasize that Turkey's primary
objective is to pursue a consistent and far-sighted foreign policy
that will encourage friendly relations with all. The peaceful
embrace of universal values will continue to dominate our foreign
policy. We firmly believe that all differences can be resolved
through sincere dialogue.
We have also reviewed the situation concerning the
Cyprus problem, where we have reaffirmed our shared commitment to the
goal of negotiated settlement through the Good Offices Mission of the
Secretary General of the United Nations, and pledged our continued
support for a just and lasting political solution to meet the
legitimate interests of the two communities on the island.
We are ready with an enhanced partnership for
multidimensional and diversified cooperation in every field with the
United States. Our close cooperation in forums such as CSCE and NATO
are strengthening the Euro-Atlantic link and contributing to the
making of a united Europe. We sincerely believe that the values we
share and defend will help us to have a sound, fruitful and mutually
beneficial partnership that will contribute to regional and global
peace and stability. Remember that Turks are friends for all
seasons.
I would like to conclude by thanking Mr. President and
Mrs. Bush for the exceptional hospitality shown to us during this
visit and by expressing my satisfaction with our comprehensive
discussions. Mr. President, we will go that journey together. Thank
you.
END
1:33 P.M. EST
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
February 5, 1992
NOTE FOR JENNIFER GROSSMAN:
Attached is just so you don't think
I'm totally off my rocker! You can
call the Turkish tourist office here
or the Embassy for further info on
the name change.
FYI, if you ever want a really good
Turkish meal, I'd recommend Kazan out
in McLean. Wednesday, Friday, and
Saturday night they have Döner Kebab.
$15.95, but worth it.
Thanks.
John John S. Gardner
EUROPE
agers sound one note of caution: they fear
away said that 50 people died. The strongest
the officials in Kiev will not be able to keep
rumour points to the existence of a state-
them supplied with the raw materials they
sponsored organisation that is picking off
are accustomed to receiving through the
its enemies. With Mr Aydin, the argument
Moscow ministries.
goes, the organisation went too far.
Surveys suggest that 45-50% of the 11.3m
"When people think that the police can
Russians living in the Ukraine support in-
come in the middle of the night, or even be-
dependence for the republic. Unlike their
lieve that the state can commit murder, then
brethren in the Baltic republics, they are not
the law is finished," said Yucel Saydar, the
new arrivals but have deep historic roots in
deputy head of the Istanbul Bar Associa-
the Ukraine and many feel a territorial loy-
tion. Turkish jurists are now particularly
alty. They may also be reassured by the rela-
worried by an "anti-terror law" which some
tive ease of switching from Russian to
claim is both vague in its definition of terror
Ukrainian and the Ukrainian government's
and also makes it difficult to bring charges
soft-pedalling on the language issue. The
against police suspected of violence.
only significant area of Russian resistance is
In the west of Turkey, however, even
in the Crimea, which became part of the
those who fear for Turkey's human-rights
Ukraine only in 1954.
Disquiet on the eastern front
record are worried about the rise of Kurdish
On the other hand, the Ukraine's re-
nationalism. Kurdish activists do not now
gional diversity and relatively weak na-
given little quarter to local feeling. Those
speak of Kurdish autonomy but of defend-
tional consciousness mean that the republic
separatists responsible for incitement, he
ing basic freedoms and the right not to be
would find it hard to resist a determined on-
said, would be called to account.
treated like second-class citizens. Others
slaught by the Kremlin with the tenacity of
In taking this tough stance, the authori-
suspect that the Kurds' demands are incre-
little (but united) Lithuania or Armenia.
ties are scarcely making themselves more
mental: basic rights today, independence
That is why Ukrainians regularly mouth re-
credible. Police at the demonstration virtu-
tomorrow. One columnist who confessed
assuring phrases in Moscow while carefully
ally destroyed the campaign bus belonging
shame at Amnesty International's report on
building a state of their own in Kiev.
to the HEP. They also lashed out at journal-
Turkey wrote in a subsequent editorial that
ists. The area is alive with rumour. The au-
the HEP by its conduct was clearly anti-state,
thorities report that three demonstrators
and called upon the state prosecutor to ex-
Turkey
died. The HEP'S headquarters in Diyarbakir
amine whether there was not a case to have
The other Kurdish
puts the number at five. A lorry driver deliv-
it shut down.
ering watermelons a few hundred miles
problem
Talking Türkiye
FROM OUR TURKEY CORRESPONDENT
DIYARBAKIR
FROM OUR TURKEY CORRESPONDENT
authorities, the fu-
in eastern Turkey
of a murdered Kurdish politician became a
"T
HAT country is properly called
now Turkey and none other,"
TURKET
demonstration to whip up hostility against
wrote the chaplain to Sir Richard
the state. If so, the brutal police response
Guylforde in an account of their travels
TÜRKIYE
was enough to confirm the protesters' worst
published in 1506. His remarks have
prejudices. A doctor in Diyarbakir state hos-
gone unheeded by advertisements on
GOBBLEDY GOBBLEDY GOOK
pital, instead of doing the rounds, was him-
CNN for Turkish beaches and state-
self admitted with wounds of baton blows
owned banks. Airline and tourist post-
on his back. In nearby beds were MPS of the
ers, too, have started proclaiming the
small People's Labour Party (HEP) who had
merits of a place called Türkiye. This is
led the cortège.
how Turks speaking Turkish decided to
The funeral on July 10th was of Vedat
refer to their homeland when they estab-
Aydin, the provincial head of the HEP in Di-
lished a republic in 1923. It is a Turkish
yarbakir, who left his house in the middle of
rendering of the Italian.
the night on July 5th accompanied by four
The campaign to promote Türkiye as
men whom he told his wife he recognised as
the English name too is the result of com-
being from the political section of the po-
plaints from rich Turks in America.
lice. A few days later Mr Aydin's badly
Some of them believe that the difficulty
beaten body was discovered on a roadside
they have in defending their country's
outside the city. The police deny that they
good name may be the name iself. Not
were involved in the abduction.
only is it homophonous with the
The official reaction to the violence at
Thanksgiving bird, Turkey is also Ameri-
jected-the message it gives is the same:
his funeral is that the security forces resisted
can slang for a useless oaf.
not of a nation confident of its past but
great provocation after segments of the
But not everyone favours a name
of a tin-pot country trying to swagger.
crowd started chanting slogans in support
change. For, although the suggested
"Foreigners can't pronounce Türkiye
of the outlawed guerrilla group, the Kurdish
change is less drastic than calling Burma
properly," reports a group of Istanbul
Workers' Party (PKK), and reacted only
Myanmar or turning Upper Volta into
business notables lobbying against the
when stones were thrown at police stations
Burkina Faso, and although it is prefera-
change. "Why don't they change the
and concealed gunmen opened fire. The
ble to Turkland-already roundly re-
name of the bird instead?"
new prime minister, Mesut Yilmaz, has also
THE ECONOMIST JULY 20TH 1991
51
The Washington Post
TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 1992
Turkey Woos Its
Ex-Communist Neighbors
BELARUS
By Jonathan C. Randal
0
500
Washington Post Foreign Service
POLAND
MILES
ISTANBUL, Feb. 3-President
Kiev
RUSSIA
Turgut Ozal welcomed Russia and
UKRAINE
seven other former Communist
KAZAKHSTAN
neighbors as partners in a new Black
MOLDOVA
Sea economic cooperation accord
Kishinev
today in the latest of Turkey's recent
ROMANIA
foreign policy initiatives stretching
from the Balkans to China.
Bucharest
Foreign ministers at a ceremony
Tbilisi,
here initialed a loose framework for
Sofia
GEORGIA
Caspian
business and economic relations
Black Sea
Sea
BULGARIA
ranging from agriculture and envi-
ronment to tourism and transpor-
tation that represented the region's
Baku
changed circumstances.
Ankara
Yerevan,
For many of the foreign partic-
Aegean
ARMENIA
Istanbul
ipants, whose great-grandparents'
Sea 1
TURKEY
generation condescendingly re-
AZERBAIJAN
garded Ottoman Turkey as the
BY DAVE COOK-THE WASHINGTON POST
"sick man of Europe," their pres-
ence was dictated largely by their
Turkish diplomacy seems confi-
"Suddenly people are looking up
own deepening economic plight
dent in its ability to further its in-
to the Turks as a model for all the
caused by the collapse of commu-
terests in Central Asia, the Cauca-
right reasons," a diplomat said, "be-
nism and the Soviet empire.
sus and the Balkans without losing
cause Turkey is secular, democratic
"With all our hungry people, and
sight of its more immediate strate-
and modern. That's wonderful for
our poor countries in economic and
gic challenges.
self-esteem."
political crisis, we are looking for
To the south, Syria, and especially
With plans to take in 1,000 uni-
help from any corner of the world,
Iraq, are suffering economically but
versity students from each of the
and I think Turkey feels strong re-
have poor relations with Ankara
six former Soviet Central Asian re-
gionally," said an East European dip-
largely because of disputes about
publics, and train their bankers,
lomat.
sharing the waters of the Tigris and
diplomats and even some army of-
Ozal told his guests from Armenia,
Euphrates rivers, which rise in Tur-
ficers, Turkey is reaching back to
Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Mol-
key.
shared but distant linguistic and
dova, Romania, Russia and Ukraine
To the east, Iran is in competi-
historical roots.
that 11 years ago his government
tion with Turkey over influence
Nowhere is the demand for
began the economic liberalization
among Central Asia's Muslims. To
Ankara's secular model greater
credited by many as responsible for
the west, traditionally strained re-
than in Azerbaijan, the nearest of
Turkey's relative prosperity.
lations with Greece remain clouded
the Muslim republics, which alone
Only two years ago, the newly
because of lingering problems over
so far has followed Turkey's lead in
self-confident Turkey gave signs of
Cyprus and the Aegean Sea.
adopting the Latin alphabet despite
going through an identity crisis it-
Nonetheless "secular, Muslim
its shared border and Shiite Islamic
self, as the Cold War ended and
Turks are immensely flattered to be
roots with Iran.
questions arose about its future as
looked up to after being the poorest
Turkish officials seem aware of
the southern flank of NATO.
member of NATO, the caboose when
their limitations in promoting their
Now, it has projected its diploma-
it comes to human rights violations,"
secular model of society as a bridge
cy into the historically volatile Cau-
a Western diplomat said in explaining
to the West in the face of Iranian
casus and Balkans as well as into the
the popularity of Turkey's foreign
and Saudi Arabian competitition.
six former Soviet Muslim republics,
policy initiatives in Central Asia and
"We have promised Azerbaijan
most of which share linguistic ties
the Balkans.
10,000 [Roman-script] typewriters
with Turkey.
"Everyone dumps on the Turks
and printing presses, even Korans
Older Turks are torn between a
as second-class citizens all over Eu-
printed in [Roman script]," said
sense of pride and fears that these
rope," he said, referring to the Eu-
bold initiatives violate the bedrock
Ambassador Bilal Simsir, the official
ropean Community's sidetracking of
of the secular republic that Kemal
in charge of Turkey's new diplomat-
Turkey's application for full mem-
Ataturk founded on the Muslim Ot-
ic initiative.
bership, which remains Ankara's
toman Empire's ruins in 1924.
priority foreign policy aim. "This
"But we have the capacity to help
With an eight-year-old civil war
diplomacy is a bit of insurance in
only in a limited way," he said in an
in the southeast against Kurdish
case the European Community
interview, "Not like the U.S. after
separatists and an economy hobbled
really does slam the door on them
World War II with its Marshall Plan
by more than 70 percent inflation,
when their application comes up for
for rebuilding Europe."
Turkey, whose per capita income is
consideration again next year."
In contrast with its secular at-
$1,400 a year, looks strong mostly
Mumtaz Soysal, a leading foreign
traction in Central Asia, Turkish
in comparison to its neighbors.
affairs columnist, echoing similar
involvement in the Balkans is linked
"For the first time in 400 years,"
widely held fears, said ambitious
to minorities there who consider
former cabinet member Kamran
Turkish plans for Central Asia pro-
themselves Turks, Muslims or
Inan said in an interview, "Turkey is
vide a nostalgic "illusion of gran-
both-more than a hundred thou-
no longer under military threat
deur" and morale-building "sublima-
from Moscow. The Turkish nation
sand in Greece, many inhabitants of
tion" for Europe's rejection and a
is now full of self-confidence and no
the Yugoslav republic of Macedo-
way to show the West "we are not
longer has to accept whatever we
nia, and Albanians both in Albania
so dependent on you."
are offered." He added, "We can
and in Yugoslavia's Kosovo region.
look in all directions."
"I think Turkey wants to get its
foot back in the Balkans," an Eastern
European diplomat said in recalling
that the region, long known as the
"powder keg of Europe," witnessed
the final Ottoman collapse and the
proximate cause of World War I.
Ilber Ortayli, an Ottoman special-
ist at Ankara University, noted that
the Balkans were the oldest part of
the empire and said, "Of course, we
still are part of the Balkans, both
positively and negatively."
"In the Balkans," he said, "you
always have to worry."
TURKLANG
--Demirel: "Every question will be answered. Information and
discussion will be open and free. "
--As we travel toward the next century, we travel together,
secure in the knowledge, as the Turkish proverb says, "A long
journey is shortened by good companions."
But this is only half the solution. A Turkish proverb says,
"The bird with one wing cannot fly."
-ANKARA ARRIVAL STATEMENT: "Thirty-(three) years ago, when
President Eisenhower visited Turkey, he was greeted by a roaring
crowd. Thousands hailed him in the streets -- cheering not
merely America but our shared values and ideals. One sign in
particular touched him. It read: "welcome to your second home. ""
"Turkish-American friendship reaches back as far as the late 18th
century. We have forged close ties through trade and investment,
military cooperation, and above all, a vision expressed by Kemal
Attaturk -- that "the voice of the government must speak the
words of its people. "
Feb. 11, 1780, Edmund Burke: "The people are the masters."
(Smith/Grossman)
February 3, 1992
Draft One
DEMIREL
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS:
DEMIREL DEPARTURE STATEMENT
TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 1992
Mr. Prime Minister, it has been a great pleasure and
privilege to meet with you -- a man whose career stands like a
monument to democracy and human rights -- Suleiman Demirel.
Seven times the people of Turkey have sent you to serve as Prime
Minister -- an office you have served often with daring
always with dignity. Your devotion to the turkish people has
in
been returned as their confidence in you. No wonder you said,
when we met last summer in Istanbul, "I'm going to be Prime
Minister." Once more, your countrymen have proven you right.
The tradition of friendship between our two countries spans
the years of two centuries. Today, as the Prime Minister and I
mapped out our path toward the next century, we spoke of stronger
ties between our countries and our people -- reminding me of the
Turkish proverb: "A long journey is shortened by good
companions."
But Turkey not only serves as a friend to our country --
Turkey is a model to others. Im a region of shifty sands +
changes tioles Truly endayes stands as a beacm of strength d stability.
The United States studs ready do Support its friend -- in
its tenst intrage, its gov d stab, + partic in its was
maged I, days fenanin
Administration of George Bush, 1991 / Sept. 17
hich con-
efforts pursuant to Resolution 687; and (3)
done on all these fronts, but much more
olds it in
the remainder would be used for the food,
waits to be achieved.
In addi-
medicine and other items for essential civil-
Mr. President, since taking office, you
ors voted
ian needs, which would be provided under
have cut government spending, eliminated
ion of its
strict U.N. supervision to ensure their equi-
price controls, knocked down barriers to
the Non-
table distribution in Iraq. We are currently
trade and investment. Those reforms have
q has re-
working with the Secretary-General and
begun paying off. They've begun paying
elicopters
other Security Council members to imple-
dividends. Inflation has eased; net interna-
ontrary to
ment this resolution as soon as possible.
tional reserves have risen. Peruvians feel
hand con-
As I stated in my previous reports, the
confident in themselves, their economy,
ited States
United States remains concerned about the
and their nation. We want to be a full part-
of this sit-
situation of the Kurds and other internal
ner in your efforts to restore Peru's econo-
action to
population groups that have been the
my because your people deserve the fruits
Council's
object of repressive measures by the Gov-
of economic growth after so many years of
at Resolu-
ernment of Iraq. We have informed the
suffering.
of interna-
Government of Iraq that we will continue
We also discussed narcotics trafficking
e Persian
to monitor carefully the treatment of its
and production, a scourge that blocks Peru's
citizens, and that we remain prepared to
path to a peaceful and prosperous future,
nade since
take appropriate steps if the situation re-
drains its resources, drives insurgency, and
ntation of
quires. To this end, an appropriate level of
dampens its hope for a better tomorrow.
uncil con-
forces will be maintained in the region for
Under your leadership, sir, Peru has moved
tims of the
as long as required by the situation in Iraq.
to combat this deadly threat. You've both
pation of
I remain grateful for the support of Con-
strengthened policy and military operations
Governing
gress for these efforts, and I look forward to
against the drug industry and stressed the
mpensation
continued cooperation toward achieving
need for alternative crop production. The
\ugust 2 in
our mutual objectives.
U.S. and other nations have joined to sup-
or the first
Sincerely,
port Peru's efforts with training, resources,
red by the
George Bush
and equipment. And in this spirit, I was
individuals
pleased to reaffirm last May's accords in
e Secretary
Note: Identical letters were sent to Thomas
which we agreed to cooperate closely in
/O deputies
S. Foley, Speaker of the House of Represent-
combating drug trafficking.
a number
atives, and Robert C. Byrd, President pro
To support these efforts, my administra-
anking and
tempore of the Senate. These letters were
tion wants to send $94 million in economic
sion of the
released by the Office of the Press Secretary
and military assistance to fight drugs. Unfor-
on October
on September 17.
tunately, Congress has placed a hold on dis-
option of a
bursement of these funds, chiefly because of
onitoring of
stated human rights concerns. We share
11 as criteria
these concerns, and so do you, Mr. Presi-
dent. But you have made progress on
rity Council
Remarks Following Discussions With
human rights, and let's also then see
h approved
President Alberto Fujimori of Peru
progress on releasing these funds.
the Secre-
September 17, 1991
Without this needed aid, cocaine traffic
n contribu-
will continue unabated and violence and
d be set at
President Bush. Mr. President, it has
abuses will increase unredressed. So, I urge
evenues. On
been a great pleasure and a privilege to
Congress to help Peru and the Andean na-
uncil adopt-
meet with you today and exchange views
tions create economic alternatives to coca
ized sales of
on the important issues that our two coun-
production by passing my Andean Trade
he proceeds
tries must overcome together. You, sir, you,
Preference Initiative.
U.N. escrow
Mr. President, are Peru's hope for the
Mr. President, you've combined strong
30% would
future. We have spoken openly, discussing
leadership with swift action. You've re-
(2) the U.N.
the tough challenges Peru faces, from eco-
placed police officers suspected of corrup-
ecessary for
nomic hardship to renegade insurgencies,
tion and abuse, begun to open up detention
Commission,
from the war against drugs to the battle to
centers to prosecutors, and pledged to
I other U.N.
preserve human rights. Much has been
strengthen your military code.
1285
Sept. 17 / Administration of George Bush, 1991
Your reforms have begun to help im-
this scourge, within the framework of the
prove the human rights record of the secu-
antidrug agreement which we have signed
rity forces, and your deeds echo the words
and with the support of the coca-growing
of your country's constitution, "That all
farmers of Peru, are critical. And we all
men, equal in dignity, have rights of univer-
recognize that each victory in this fight will
sal validity." Rights abuses have fallen
benefit the youth of the entire world. In
sharply since you took office last year. And
order to replace the coca leaf with other
Mr. President, your leadership and your
crops in Peru, it will be necessary to change
nation deserve our support, and you have it.
our systems and create the conditions for a
Our Government is pleased to cochair
true market economy. It is only in this
with Japan an international group to help
manner that the coca-growing farmer can
Peru with its debt problems and hasten its
switch to alternative and profitable crops.
reintegration into the international financial
We are making progress in this difficult
community. A number of other countries,
war. We have achieved a national consensus
including several in Latin America, have
which includes all of the coca-growing farm
joined this process which is so important for
organizations for a move to legal crops and
Peru's future. We hope the democratic
alternative development. Through intelli-
community will rally generously to support
gent efforts based on the shared vision be-
your people.
tween our two countries, we can consoli-
Mr. President, you are confronting the
challenge of change with courage and
date a relationship which will vanquish
vision. And you're building a new Peru with
drug trafficking.
a sound economy, respect for law, and a
As I informed you, we have established a
new sense of social justice and national rec-
new policy in Peru for the protection of
onciliation. You're steering your country
human rights which will complement our
steadily toward a place of renewed leader-
fight against drug-trafficking and terrorists
ship in the community of democratic na-
and will guarantee the full respect of those
tions which Peruvian patriot Juan Pablo Vis-
rights.
cardo y Guzman once called "the great
We are committed to ending the prob-
family of brothers."
lems in Peru without abandoning the rule
And so, once again, sir, it has been an
of law and democracy. Our plan for fighting
honor to welcome you and, yes, your family
drugs in Peru calls for identifying the coca-
to the White House and your excellent
growing farmers. By identifying the coca
team that you brought with you. We wel-
farmers, we will also be able to identify the
come you once again, and let me just say
drug traffickers. I wish to assure you that
may God bless you and the people of Peru.
our efforts to put an end to the activities of
President Fujimori. Mr. President, as
drug-trafficking will be implacable.
President of Peru, I would like to express
I am certain that with the cooperation of
my appreciation and that of the Peruvian
the United States of America, with its
people for all your hospitality during our
friendship and fraternity, together we will
trip and for the considerable assistance that
be able to free humanity of the terrible
your Government has provided to my coun-
scourge of drug-trafficking.
try through your leadership of the refinanc-
Mr. President, again, my sincere thanks.
ing group. Thanks to your support, Peru
Your support and concern for the recon-
will be able to resume normalized relations
struction of my country will long be re-
with the international financial community.
membered by myself and the people of
As we have discussed together, Peru and
Peru. Many thanks.
the United States have joined in a terrible
intimacy in the war against drugs. Our
Note: President Bush spoke at 1:22 p.m. in
country can play a significant role in the
the East Room at the White House. Prior to
effort to wipe out drug trafficking. Peru
their remarks, the two Presidents met pri-
produces 60 percent of the world's coca
vately in the Oval Office, met with U.S.
leaf, while the United States consumes 80
and Peruvian officials in the Cabinet
percent of the world's cocaine. The efforts
Room, and attended a luncheon in the Old
on the part of both our countries to fight
Family Dining Room.
1286
(Smith/Grossman)
July 10, 1991
91 JUL 10 P2, Four
TURKEY.TS
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: ARRIVAL STATEMENT
ANKARA, TURKEY
SATURDAY, JULY 20, 1991
Mr. President, your excellencies, my friends. Barbara and I
are grateful for this gracious reception, and for the chance to
be here in Turkey. // Having heard all our lives about Turkish
hospitality, I can say that reports of its warmth have not been
exaggerated. //
Thirty-two years ago, when President Eisenhower visited
Turkey, he was greeted by a roaring crowd. Thousands hailed him
in the streets -- cheering not merely America but our shared
values and ideals. // One sign in particular touched him. It
read: "Welcome to your second home." / Today, I feel as
President Eisenhower did -- that Turkey is a second home. I say
that not merely because of your hospitality -- but because of the
common ideals and interests we share.
Turkish-American friendship reaches back as far as the late
18th century. We have forged close ties through trade and
investment / military cooperation / and above all, a vision
expressed by Kemal Attaturk -- that "the voice of the government
must speak the words of its people. //
Recently, Mr. President, your people proved that friendship
anew -- or as a Turkish proverb says, "good friends become
apparent on black days." (IYI DOST KARA GUNDE BELLI OLUR). When
2
one of your neighbors cast an "evil eye" on a smaller country,
Turkey acted to to ensure that brutality in Kuwait would not
stand. //
First, Turkey shut down the Iraqi oil pipeline. Then, it
banned cross border trade. When force became unavoidable, you
permitted allied military strikes from your bases. This decision
proved crucial to the success of Operation Desert Storm. /
Furthermore, when you redeployed more than 100,000 troops to the
Iraqi border. That move occupied more than ten Iraqi divisions
and helped deter further Iraqi adventurism. // Because we were
resolute against naked aggression, our Nations stand together at
the dawning of a new world order. //
For forty years, Turkey has been an integral part of the
European community. Most recently, you have helped the Iron
Curtain fall from Eastern Europe -- spurring democracy abroad
just as you have worked hard to build it at home. //
Increasingly, our strategic relationship has ensured self-
determination for nations; for societies, pluralism; for
individuals, choice. It is not only a military relationship --
but also economic and political, cultural and spiritual. //
Over the next two days, Mr. President, I look forward to
discussing how this relationship can further strengthen the bonds
which link our Nations. // We will explore ways to help other
countries do what Turkey has done: Eliminate illicit opium
production. / We will also talk of human rights / regional
disputes / environmental challenges / and of Turkey's economic
3
reforms -- reforms that have helped you build the basis for
prosperity and take advantage of the abilities, diligence and
ingenuity of the Turkish people. You have shown that you can do
great things, when you have the freedom to do them. //
We will focus on maintaining the strong alliance that has
helped move the West from a Cold War to a warm peace. We will
talk about ways in which our shared notions of democracy and free
enterprise can help us make progress in Cyprus and on the Aegean
Sea. /
Let us build on liberty's triumphs of the past several years
-- and give Turkey its due as a productive and important member
of the community of free Nations. //
A Turkish proverb reads, "A shared cup of coffee results in
forty years of memories." // Mr. President, our shared
conversations can result in deeds and dreams that will inspire
future generations. /
Over the next two days, let us have no fear, as Attaturk
said, "of speaking the truth." Instead, let us use the truth to
attain the stable peace and greater prosperity this nation, this
region, and our world deserve. //
Thank you for the warmth of this reception. God bless
Turkey and the United States of America.
#
#
#
#
THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL FRIDAY, JULY 19, 1991
L
A3
Next Target for Bush: Accord on Cyprus
By MAUREEN DOWD
and the Cypriots settle the Cyprus, that the United States can wave a
Special to The New York Times
problem, and do so this year."
wand, a magic wand, and solve a prob-
ATHENS, July 18 - As the United
"Today, with new leaders of vision,
lem that has plagued this part of the
States Administration works on the
your nations enjoy a unique oppor-
world for a long time. But we are going.
problems in the Middle East, President
tunity to overcome the misunderstand-
totry."
Bush took on another unyielding area
ings of the past," Mr. Bush said. "You
Security at Its Tightest
today: Cyprus.
can begin to heal the deep wound that
scars Cyprus, that divides families and
In Athens security precautions were
"In the new world I have discussed,
friends on that island."
even tighter than usual today, because
none of us should accept the status quo
of a series of terrorist bombings that
in Cyprus," Mr. Bush said in a speech
At a news conference after a two-
have shaken Greece recently. Armored
to the Greek Parliament. "And today I
hour meeting with Prime Minister Con-
vehicles rolled onto the airport runway
pledge that the United States will do
stantine Mitsotakis of Greece, Mr.
as the President and his staff landed.
whatever it can to help Greece, Turkey
Bush said: "I don't want to suggest
And officials advised members of the
traveling White House press corps not
to exhibit their American nationality
openly, either by jogging or openly
The Conflict Over Cyprus:
wearing their press passes on the
street.
According to Reuters, the Greek
A Long, Defiant History
Government has "imposed the most
Draconian security system seen in
Athens in peacetime."
More than 3,000 police officers, army
By MARLISE SIMONS
troops and a special anti-terrorist
Special to The New York Times
squad were on full alert for the Presi-
ATHENS, July The Cyprus
dent's visit. Police officers told the
issue, into which President Bush
Athens News that 1,000 American se-
has now been drawn as the latest
curity agents had been sent to Greece.
mediator, has defied negotiators
About 2,000 demonstrators, mostly
for years as they have tried to in-
CYPRUS
students, crowded into a city square
sure peaceful coexistence be-
downtown, protesting about Cyprus
tween the Greek Cypriot majority
and calling for American aid in expel-
and the minority Turkish Cypri-
ling the Turks from the island. The po-
ots.
lice used tear gas to control the crowd.
Behind the two groups lie age-
old resentments: Greece has
"A Historic Opportunity'
never forgiven Turkey for the
Tonight, a bank with an American
four centuries It was occupied by
Express office was firebombed and
President Bush pledged that the United States
Turkey's invasion of the island in 1974. He reviewed
the Ottoman Empire.
several protesters were arrested.
would work to help Greece, Turkey and the Cypri-
an honor guard with President Constantine Cara-
The beautiful island, just 44
On Tuesday, the Turkish chargé d'af-
ots settle the problems in Cyprus stemming from
manlis of Greece after arriving yesterday in Athens.
miles off the Turkish coast, has
faires and two other Turkish employ-
been overrun by almost everyone
ees were wounded as terrorists set off
who has had power in the Eastern
The New York Times
a bomb near their car in downtown
the Turkish troops, as he "liberated"
a rainy London at dawn after the end of
the early success of the coalition
Mediterranean. Greeks, Egyp-
A line of U.N. forces still sepa-
Athens.
Kuwait.
the Group of Seven's economic summit
against Saddam Hussein.
tians, Persians and Romans held
rates the two sides in Cyprus.
[In Istanbul, Turkey where Mr.
Administration officials had previ-
meeting, where he reached an arms
The Greeks contributed a frigate to
it. So did Venetians and Ottoman
Bush is to arrive on Saturday, bombs
ously been reluctant to allow Mr. Bush
control agreement with President Mi-
the Persian Gulf effort, but now they
Turks.
went off Thursday night and damaged
to be drawn into another intractable
khail S. Gorbachev and scheduled a
fear that a Turkey favored by Wash-
But friction between the two
five banks despite heavy security
peoples - who speak different
Today some 29,000 Turkish
political argument, trying to settle the
Moscow summit meeting for the end of
ington could use its new postwar clout
measures, The Associated Press re-
long-running feud in the Eastern flank
the month.
to the detriment of Greece. Mr. Bush
languages and have different rell-
troops still occupy about 40 per-
ported.)
of NATO.
does not want to offend either the
glons started in earnest as the
cent of the island in the north. A
"green line" of United Nations
Regarding Cyprus, Mr. Bush said
The President's two-day visit tc
But in an Interview this week, Prime
island gained independence in
that it was not his role to "spell out
Greece is part of a sensitive balancing
Greek Prime Minister or the many
Minister Mitsotakis said that Mr. Bush
Greek-American voters in America.
1960, after almost a century of
forces separates the two camps.
steps and procedures" but that he felt
act before a two-day visit to Turkey,
had acceded to his request to get in-
British rule. The conflict became
The feud has defied many
he could spur the process at a time the
where he wants to express solidarity
The Greek armed forces have a long
volved in the Cyprus problem.
so violent that the United Nations
United Nations missions seeking
Prime Minister called "a turning
with President Turgut Ozal of Turkey.
shopping list to buy. jet fighters, war
Turkey invaded Cyprus in 1974, fear-
sent a peacekeeping force in 1964
to normalize the situation, as well
point."
Mr. Bush wants to thank President
ships, tanks and other equipment. Mr.
ing that the Greeks were trying to take
that is still there today.
as a succession of special United
over the island. It remains riven by a
Ozal for taking the risky step of acced-
Bush said it is "our Intention to do what
"I told him that If we could be a cata-
But despite its presence, the
States emissaries, including
lyst who could help solve the problem
ing to his request to shut down the Iraqi
we can to strengthen the Greek armed
border enforced by the United Nations,
Athens military junta incited pro-
George Ball, Cyrus R. Vance and
of Cyprus, we would willingly fulfill
oil pipeline that runs through Turkey
forces."
leaving 40 percent occupied by 29,000
junta Cypriots to overthrow the
Clark M. Clifford.
that role," Mr. Bush said.
Turkish troops.
and allowing allied planes to make
The visit by Mr. and Mrs. Bush to
Cyprus Government of Arch-
In 1983, the Turkish Cypriots de-
He said he believed that "a historic
bombing runs from Turkey's NATO
Greece, was the first by an American
bishop Makarios in 1974. Turkey
clared the Independence of the
opportunity" exists now, because both
Turkish Role in Gulf War
bases. The closing of the pipeline,
President since Dwight D. Eisenhow-
responded by sending two succes-
Turkish Republic of Northern Cy-
sides seem to be more optimistic about
But Prime Minister Mitsotakis said
which cost Turkey $2.5 billion, insured
er's in 1959.
sive invasion forces, declaring
prus, but only Turkey recognizes
a possible settlement through the
that he pressed Mr. Bush in two con-
that they were needed to protect
it. Recent talks between Athens
United Nations.
versations because he believed that the
the Turkish Cypriots, who make
and Ankara and between the two
The Greeks have compared the Cy-
unrest in the Balkans, including the
up 18 percent of the population,
Cypriot communities have raised
prus problem to the invasion of Kuwait,
Yugoslav civil conflict, had intensified
from the 80 percent of Greek
hopes that the climate for a settle-
and Mr. Bush seemed taken aback
the need to bring stability to Cyprus.
Cypriots.
ment may now exist.
when he was asked by a Greek reporter
Mr. Bush arrived in Athens on a
why he did not "liberate" Cyprus from
steamy 90-degree morning. He had left
THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL SAT
BUSH PLEDGES AID
U.S.B
TO GREEK MILITARY
By KEITH B
Special to The Ne
WASHINGTON, Ju
Tanks, Planes and Weapons
sal likely to win vot
trade preferences fo
Administration said
Are Intended to Reinforce
should join the mai
ganization that overs
Relations With Athens
The policy shift co
sometimes strenuor
bate, and despite Ch
such a move would
By MAUREEN DOWD
ceptable," leading 1
Special to The New York Times
some that China
ATHENS, July 19 - With concern
against United State
heightened over security for President
But Harry Hardir
Bush and his entourage as they travel
and China specialist
through Greece and Turkey, Mr. Bush
Institution in Wash
toured the Acropolis today and an-
China's protests mis
nounced.some initiatives to strengthen
tory, because Taiwar
the Greek military.
General Agreemen
"Basic Parthenon shot?" the Presi-
Trade as a "customs
dent asked the photographers who
as a sovereign nation
wanted to capture him standing in
China and Taiwan
front of the ruins.
ingly willing to com
After he and Barbara Bush finished
eignty issues in rec
learning about Ionic, Doric and Corin-
the same institutid
thian columns, the President was
said. Taiwan incre
asked by reporters if he had talked to
name of its capital,
Secretary of State James A. Baker 3d
tional forums. Taiw
about his mission to Syria.
compete in the Olym
"I must say, it's very encouraging,"
atives of "Chinese
he said. "What I've heard from the Sec-
bankers serve at th
retary is all positive so far. So we'll see
ment Bank as offici
where we go. Secretary Baker is really
China."
working hard on this. He's over there
Wooing Anti-Comr
plowing away."
Mr. Harding said
Hope for Cyprus 'Catalyst'
evidence of a deal b
The President, who promised on
Beijing, but that the
Thursday to be a "catalyst" to settle
Reuters
would give each cap
the long feud between Greeks and
President Bush, Prime Minister Constantine Mitsotakis of Greece, left,
ers wanted. China W
Turks over Cyprus, was asked at the
and Barbara Bush during their tour of the ruins of the Acropolis yester-
cess to the United St:
Acropolis whether he would carry any
Taiwan would enter 1
specific proposals from Prime Minis-
day in Athens. They paused in front of the Parthenon.
tion.
ter Constantine Mitsotakis of Greece to
The Adminstratio
President Turgut Ozal of Turkey.
A bid to reassure
gas to quell about 2,000 demonstrating
was made public toda
His advisers say he has no new con-
university students and self-styled
President Bush to a
crete proprosals, and Mr. Bush said it
the Greeks on the
"anarchists" who had gathered in
tors led by Senator
was more a matter of bringing the
front of Athens University in the hopes
Democrat of Montan
sides closer together.
of marching two miles to the Parlia-
the Senate Subcomn
"We'll see what happens when I go
way to Turkey.
ment building and the presidential pal-
tional Trade, who h:
and talk to my friend Mr. Ozal," he
ace. Students set fire to police vehicles
change, along with fo
said. "We've got two strong leaders in
and trash cans. At least 22 people were
troversial concession
Greece and in Turkey. And they feel it,
reported hurt and 36 arrested.
their support for an
and I feel there's an opportunity."
with our valued NATO ally, Greece,"
newal. The Presiden
In the afternoon, Mr. Bush flew to the
Mr. Bush said, clearly trying to reas-
The State Department said it had in-
dressed the other fot
island of Crete to speak to American
sure this nation on the eve of his trip to
formation that terrorists would try to
general terms.
and Greek armed forces at Suda Bay
Turkey to see Mr. Ozal, with whom he
attack American interests in Greece
In terms of dome
Naval Facility. The President wanted
forged close ties during the gulf war.
and Turkey during the President's
Bush letter not only re
to thank the forces at Suda Bay, which
Mr. Bush was asked at the Acropolis
visit, and a firebomb was thrown into
lated attempt to wod
was used as a supply base during the
if he had seen any of the fiery anti-
an American Express office in Athens
senators who suppor
Persian Gulf war.
American protests in downtown Athens
on Thursday night.
provides. political c
He announced his intention to lease
on Thursday night, which occurred as
Bombs exploded at five different
cratic farm-state Se
to Greece two Knox-class frigates for
he was attending a state dinner in his
banks in Istanbul Thursday night and
party lines to suppor
the Greek Navy and to speed up the de-
honor at the presidential palace.
in five other Istanbul banks tonight,
tion. Constitutents 0
livery of 10 F4-E aircraft to Greece this
causing damage, but no injuries, the
have been concerned
summer, with an additional 18 to follow
"No, didn't see a thing," he replied.
Associated Press reported, citing the
cut off American agr
in the fall.
"It was a tranquil and very, very pleas-
semi-official Anatolia news agency.
if Congress revoked
ant evening.
Giving Tanks and Artillery
Reuters reported today that Tur-
status or renewed it W
"Let me say this: Any place that an
key's "deadliest" urban guerrilla
Almost all the Unite
Mr. Bush said the United States
American President goes, whether it's
group, Dev-Sol, threatened on Thurs-
partners, including
would also transfer to Greece from ex-
in Chicago, Dallas, San Francisco, New
day to attack Mr. Bush during his visit
have most-favored
isting NATO stocks a large number of
York or Athens, we're bound to stir up
to Ankara and Istanbul this weekend.
which allows imports
tanks and artillery that "will measura-
a little interest. But that's some of what
The agency said the Turkish police
tries to enter the Uni
bly increase Greece's defensive capa-
democracy is about. It doesn't concern
had killed 10 militants from the ex-
lower of two tariff ra
bilities."
me one bit. I mean, this goes with the
treme left-wing group, captured 12 in
of product. Revoking
"Each of these steps reaffirms our
territory, as we say."
raids a week ago, and killed two more
vored-nation status WO
close and critical defense relationship
Police officers in riot gear used tear
in an Ankara shootout on Sunday.
iffs on average about
surgeons, one infected and one not, he'd pick the one
who perform "exposure-prone" medical pro-
suc
who wasn't infected.
cedures should learn whether they are infected with
L
The expert would prefer to keep his emotions at
the AIDS virus, presumably by having themselves
don
bay. But surely this is a case where gut-level
tested. If infected, they should stop doing such
clat
feelings deserve respect. Patients are right to be-
procedures, unless they get permission and guid-
Cze
lieve there is some risk in undergoing invasive
ance from special review committees, and then tell
ry.
surgery by an infected doctor or dentist. And they
patients they are infected.
cen
have a right to be protected from that risk. The only
Appropriately strict, these guidelines put the
beli
real issue is how best to protect them.
burden where it belongs - on practitioners and
thr
their peers to justify what procedures can be per-
vice
formed by an infected health care worker. And they
We
beli
The degree of risk is difficult to measure but
leave the final say with the patient.
almost certainly very small. Thus far only one
The guidelines are certain to be enforced. Medi-
con
I
infected health practitioner - a Florida dentist -
cal institutions and insurers are sure to insist they
20th
has been found to pass the AIDS virus to his patients
be followed to avoid malpractice claims. And the
on
through medical procedures, and even that case is
Senate has passed legislation that would require
less than certain. In all the other highly publicized
states to adopt them and to discipline health work-
cases of infected practitioners, not a single patient
ers who fail to comply, on penalty of forfeiting
H
has yet been found harmed.
Federal health financing.
The Centers for Disease Control, using a disput-
Patient protection is rightly favored in the
ed mathematical model, estimated that 13 to 128
guidelines over the careers of infected doctors. But
To
patients may have been infected with AIDS during
Senator Jesse Helms of North Carolina would go
R
destructively further. He pushed a bill through the
bal'
surgical or dental procedures between 1981 and
disc
1990. But the numbers could rise as AIDS spreads
Senate that would impose criminal penalties up to
"de
more deeply into the medical profession. By one
$10,000 and 10 or more years in jail on health
the
estimate, there may be 2,000 or more infected
workers who know they are infected and fail to tell
mos
surgeons and dental workers now practicing in the
patients before performing invasive procedures.
unt
country.
That approach would-be recklessly divisive,
F
However small the risk, it can and should be
triggering anger and resentment in the medical
hav
made even smaller. Sensible new guidelines issued
profession without accomplishing much beyond the
Who
this week by the Centers for Disease Control would
strict guidelines already being put into effect.
hist
of P
Der
was
Torture in Turkey
T
a ci
Tyr
President Bush has ample reason to praise his
is no longer a criminal offense for Kurds to speak
Kin
Turkish hosts as he arrives in Ankara today. When
their own language on the street. Some harsh penal
Jez
Saddam Hussein grabbed Kuwait last August, Tur-
laws have been repealed.
Isra
key cut Iraq's oil pipeline and gave allied forces full
But a sweeping antiterrorist measure has been
wer
use of Turkish bases. In the war's wake, Turkey
enacted, human rights monitors are harassed, and
Sen
newspapers and books in the Kurdish language are
the
collaborated in creating a safe haven for Iraqi
forbidden. Political prisoners die in custody or are
lang
Kurds, now within the protective reach of an allied
first
mobile force in Turkey, whose value may be tested
executed after summary proceedings.
Itali
if reported skirmishes in northern Iraq develop into
Widespread use of torture is amply document-
at G
something more serious.
ed by Amnesty International, Helsinki Watch and
For this, applause is in order for Turkey and its
other monitoring groups. The Human Rights Foun-
risk-taking President, Turgut Ozal. Yet American
dation of Turkey lists 200 torture incidents since
January, an increase it ascribes to protection given
Ob
recognition of Turkey's importance as an ally does
not lessen the need for candor about a shameful
police under the new antiterror law.
W
human rights record. It does no favor to Turkish
Granted, Turkey is beset by political violence
democracy to ignore torture and denial of rights to
mounted by Kurdish separatists and other extrem-
To tl
Turkey's own Kurdish minority.
ists. But that scarcely justifies brutal measures
As
There have been important gains over the past
that magnify grievances. Nor can excesses be ex-
men
decade as rule by generals has yielded to elective
cused as growing pains of a democratic system
pour
civilian government. An outspoken Turkish press
begun 69 years ago. Turkish democracy will never
"Pai
and courageous human rights groups have publi-
come of age if dissident voices are stifled in torture
30),
cized police abuses. Officials have ceased pretend-
cells. Saying as much, at least in private, is Mr.
ity.
ing that Kurds are simply "mountain Turks," and it
Bush's minimum obligation.
view
deat
joke
gies'
Social Seismology
dead
attad
Ca
First came the alarming news that New Jersey
mainline institutions in his life. were exposed as
that
was taking over the Mutual Benefit Life Insurance
heavy losers, incapable of investing wisely? How
make
Company. The man understood that the takeover
far would this crack reach?
heat.
was in the public interest and that he wouldn't lose
He snapped back from fanciful fears, recogniz-
who'
any money. Still, he was shaken.
ing that the news in both cases was in fact about
lose
This was no fly-by-night, high-rolling outfit. His
protective steps. But if he was troubled, even brief-
vowir
parents had gone out of their way, years ago, to find
ly, what about his aging mother or others like her?
uncon
a solid company in which to start him on his first life
Abruptly, he began to understand anxieties he used
Pe
insurance policy. How could such a big, stable
to dismiss as unsophisticated.
obese
not
into
CO
much
trouble?
People who have experienced earthquakes re-
being
THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIO
BUSH, IN TURKEY,
MUTES WAR TALK
He Does Not Expect to Send
Rapid Deployment Force
to Bolster Iraqi Kurds
By MAUREEN DOWD
Special LO The New York Times
ANKARA, Turkey, July 20 - Presi-
dent Bush expressed concern today
about reports of fighting in Iraqi Kur-
distan, but said he did not anticipate
using the American-led rapid deploy-
ment force being set up in Turkey in
the current fighting.
Arriving in Turkey for a two-day
visit, Mr. Bush sought to play down the
reports of hostilities, adding that he
thought President Saddam Hussein of
Iraq would not do anything that would
bring the allied intervention that fol-
lowed Iraqi reprisals against rebellious
Kurds in northern Iraq.
"Anytime there's a conflagration of
that nature, it's a matter of concern to
us," Mr. Bush said at a news confer-
ence after meeting with President Tur-
gut Ozal. "I understand that the matter
is, hopefully, getting resolved.'
Hope for Lessons Learned
"Let me say that the rapid deploy-
ment force is to guard against a repeat
of horribly brutal events in the North,"
Mr. Bush said. "And we are not antici-
pating that that force will be used. We
are thinking that Saddam Hussein,
having learned his lesson once, will
hopefully not embark on the kind of
carnage that resulted in our having to
do what we did in the past with Turkish
cooperation."
Mr. Bush also discussed American
aid to Turkey that was given to the
Ozal Government in recognition of Its
support for the American-led coalition
that ousted Iraqi forces from Kuwait.
He and Mr. Ozal also presumably
spoke of Cyprus. Turkey IS the final
stop on the President's trip, which
began with a stop at the summit meet-
ing of leaders of industrial nations in
London and went to Greece.
Fitzwater's Assessment
Marlin Fitzwater, the White House
spokesman, said that the Kurdish
situation did not appear to be of "immi-
nent concern."
"We hope it won't continue," he said.
One Administration official in Tur-
key who is tracking the reports from
Iraq said that matters there remained
"tense" but that there seemed to be a
"de-facto truce" at the moment.
"We're keeping an eye on it," the of-
ficial said. "But it's Iraqi territory."
Mr. Bush sent troops to northern
Iraq last spring after the Kurds fled
their homes when their uprising
against the Hussein Government was
crushed during the aftermath of the
Persian Gulf war. The last of those
7,000 American troops pulled out of
northern Iraq on July 14.
The new force, to be made up of
mostly American, British and French
troops, is being set up to protect the
Kurds against reprisals by Govern-
ment forces.
Protecting Turkish Borders
President Ozal, standing beside Mr.
Bush, said the force would also "be
used to protect the Turkish borders"
uprising
against the Hussein Government was
crushed during the aftermath of the
Persian Gulf war. The last of those
7,000 American troops pulled out of
northern Iraq on July 14.
The new force, to be made up of
mostly American, British and French
troops, is being set up to protect the
Kurds against reprisals by Govern-
ment forces.
Protecting Turkish Borders
President Ozal, standing beside Mr.
Bush, said the force would also "be
used to protect the Turkish borders"
from the kind of "big inflow of refu-
gees" Turkey got last April.
Turkish officials felt the rest of the
world unfairly focused on Kurds hud-
dling in filthy camps on the Turkish
border, rather than on the Turkish aid
brought to the refugees' remote moun-
tain havens and on the burden imposed
by the influx of Iraqi refugees into the
country's poorest region.
On Cyprus, Mr. Bush supported the
Turkish position of a four-part negotia-
tion about the divided island that would
include the leaders of Greece and Tur-
key, as well as representatives of the
Greek and Turkish Cypriots. He made
his remarks today on the 17th anniver-
sary of the Turkish invasion of Cyprus.
Greece has firmly objected to such
an important role in the talks for the
Turkish Cypriots. Turkey is the only
country that recognizes the Turkish
Republic of Northern Cyprus. Turkey
has 16,000 troops on Cyprus, occupying
the northern third of the island.
Military Aid Pledged
As in Greece, Mr. Bush promised
military aid for Turkey's help in the
Persian Gulf war.
The President pledged his support
for Turkey's military modernization
program, including its 160-plane F-16
development program to modernize its
Air Force. Mr. Bush said he and Mr.
Ozal "agreed to build a new strategic
relationship based on closer political,,
security and, yes, economic links."
Mr. Ozal, thanking the United States
and other nations for the $3 billion they
had given Turkey for its war-related
expenses, said that while "it doesn't
meet our requirements" the sum was
considerable.
Administration officials said that, al-
The
though Congress has said that for
every $10 in aid that Turkey gets,
Greece must get $7, that they plan to
try to "break" that rule. They said they
would seek $700 million in aid for Tur-
key and $350 million for Greece.
Security for Mr. Bush was tight here
as it was in Greece. Police in riot gear
surrounded the Prime Minister's resi-
dence. The United States Ambassa-
dor's residence, where the Bushes are
staying, is across the street from the
AMERI
Prime Minister's residence, and there
were no demonstrators as the Bushes
arrived in Ankara.
'A Little Bit Tired'
At the news conference, Mr. Bush,
When you want the moon, the sun and the stars all in
who recently suffered heart fibrillation
caused by a thyroid condition, was
asked about his health and how he has
Lit by the brilliance of the yellow-lined stole.
maintained his usual frenetic schedule.
"I'll confess to being a little bit tired
- a lot of evening acion out there cou-
pled with getting up pretty early." he
said. "So I'm 67 still, and I have to con-
fess that from time to time 1 get tired."
But the President is not one to dwell
Third Floor,
on weakness for long. "Generally
speaking, I feel good," he concluded. "I
RED ROSE SERVICE, our world of beautiful fashion, is only a phone
feel up for all of this.'
that
II it is so simple, the reporters per-
the He preferred to can It
ided the
sisted, why not give just a simple an-
"reasoning and taking this - what I
swer?
keep calling a new credibility for the
Reuters
"What do you attend a conference to
United States in the Middle East - and
yria
using that to encourage what is a very
"We are ready to attend a peace conference," said
tary of State James A. Baker 3d, left, and the King
do?" the King retorted. "To mime? To
ostly in-
make faces at each other, or to discuss
reasonable and important step to
King Hussein of Jordan, "and we are very happy in-
talked to reporters at a news conference after their
can poli-
and try to resolve the problem? I have
peace."
deed it is going to be a comprehensive one." Secre-
talks yesterday in Amman, Jordan.
does not
on of the
ves that
cil Reso-
exchange
Reporter's Notebook
Golan
Bank,
commit-
If Those Are Whirling Dervishes, Then This Stop Must Be Istanbul
otiations
ys.
aker
for
phia, which was the cathedral of Constantinople
ing medication and getting his thyroid checked
"My wings would drop off if I told an un-
atter,
and
By MAUREEN DOWD
for a thousand years of the Byzantine Empire.
every day by the doctors traveling with him.
truth," he said. "So put it this way: from time
again on
Special to The New York Times
"Turgut, want to make a wish?" Mr. Bush
But the 67-year-old President insisted that he
to time, I look at them."
any pres-
ISTANBUL, Turkey, July 21 - It was fitting,
asked Mr. Ozal, as he poked his finger into a
would not slow down because "I'm very blessed
on,"
the
of course, that George Bush, described by some
well-worn hole where tourists make wishes at
with, you.know, the ability to keep charging."
an,
Avi
as America's most famous whirling dervish,
Hagia Sophia.
Mr. Bush also said proudly that he had con-
Burnishing the Image
content,
should get a chance to see the real thing.
Mr. Ozal did not. Indeed, Mr. Bush may al-
verted his old friend and former campaign
Playing anything-but-accidental, tourists to-
ready have granted all his wishes, by being ef-
manager, Secretary of State James A. Baker
It's nice to know that even the highest offi-
with Mr.
day, President Bush and his wife, Barbara,
fusively praising "my friend, Turgut," by
3d, to the Bush style of traveling.
cials of the land engage in a little résumé en-
ree West
went to Topkapi Sarayi, the great palace of the
promising lots of F-16's and $625 million in mili-
Mr. Baker is on a tour of the Middle East for
hancement now and again.
by Faisal
Ottoman Sultans, their harems and their judi-
tary aid next year, and by omitting any refer-
peace talks, after the economic summit meet-
Consider. the biography for the White House
to
them
cial councils, and watched five dervishes whirl.
ence to Turkey's human-rights record, al-
ing in London last weekend and before a sched-
Chief of Staff, John H. Sununu, printed in the of-
hard
"A whirling dervish?" Mr. Bush delightedly
though Amnesty International and other groups
uled meeting with Southeast Asian leaders in
ficial United States Information Service media
said
it
asked his host, President Turgut Ozal of Tur-
had asked him to raise the issue.
Malaysia on Monday. Both Mr. Baker and Mr.
guide for the President's visit to Greece.
motional,
Bush will also go to Moscow in a week.
"Part of the job of the Chief of Staff is to
estinians
key. "Wonderful."
Dervishes are Sufis, members of a Muslim
Footwear of Many Colors
Sounding like a successful fitness trainer, a
mediate the many competing requests of Cabi-
he
weak-
prosyletizing Jack LaLanne, the President
would
fraternity of mystics who dance in their flowing
net members and others seeking the Presi-
Mrs: Bush won the day's award for oddest
said: "Jim Baker used to get tired when he.
dent's time and attention. At the same time, he
palatable
white costumes in a trance-like state, spinning
fashion statement. When she bounded up the
drove across town in Washington, D.C. - lit-
must insure that the President's policy is pre-
on the right foot to the accompaniment of musi-
plank of the Sarayburnu, a converted steam-
erally. He'd call me up and tell me how tired he
sented effectively to Congress and the public.
Lib-
cal instruments.
ship that was to carry the party up the Bospho-
was, campaigning and all of that. Now he's
Mr. Sununu's experience in an elective office
asir
Ara-
The local band was fine on the Turkish music,
rus toward the Black Sea, the First Lady was
going all around the world all the time, dedi-
ensures his effectiveness in both venues.
olvement
but their repertoire of American tunes to play
wearing one red and one blue sneaker with her
cated to trying to help solve this problem."
"He is considered an able, meticulous and ex-
con-
as the Bushes arrived was sparse. There was
white-and-black polka dot dress.
perienced administrator whose political tough-
the
no "Hail to the Chief" or "Star Spangled Ban-
Asked for an explanation of the First Foot-
Who Looks at the Polls?
ness helps shape the Bush Administration's ap-
ner" here: At the welcoming ceremony, the
wear, Anna Perez, Mrs. Bush's press secretary,
proach to bureaucracy."
testinians
band struck up "I'm a Yankee Doodle Dandy"
said that the President had given the First
Mr. Bush made two firsts on this trip. He ad-
part
in
and "The Mexican Hat Dance."
Lady 20 pairs of Keds for her birthday June 8
mitted that he sometimes gets tired. And he ad-
Mr. Baker's biography is equally flattering.
The
"and this way she gets to wear them all."
mitted that he pays attention to polls - some-
It says of Mr. Baker, who says he is more in-
arguing
thing he had always denied.
terested in returning to his ranch than running
that
East
Wish List Fulfilled
The Diplomatic Marathon
Reporters asked President Ozal about a re-
for President: "Many in the political arena see
annexed,
cent poll in Turkey that showed that most
James Baker as having a very bright future in
The Bushes and President Ozal and his wife,
At the news conference in Ankara on Satur-
Turks feel that the United States, through the
politics and feel, as a political insider has put it,
econd
re-
Semra, whirled about Istanbul today, visiting
day, the President was asked how he and his
coalition against Iraq, has been interfering in
'that he will be a major force on the political
there
is
a
the magnificent Blue Mosque, which featured
staff were holding up under his dizzying tour of
Turkey's internal affairs.
scene for the next 10 or 15 years.'
elegation
police snipers in the minarets; taking a boat
four countries.
Mr. Ozal said he didn't see it. But when Mr.
By the time the Presidential party got to Tur-
erusalem
ride on the Bosphorus, and checking out the
Mr. Bush made a rare concession, saying he
Bush was asked if he reads polls, he finally
key, the biographies had been yanked from the
ports.
weeping column and wishing hole at Hagia So-
felt a bit tired, and added that he was still tak-
'fessed up.
official media guide.
JUL 22 1991
A16
FRIDAY, JULY 19, 1991
THE WASHINGTON POST
Bush Tells Greece U.S. Will Try
To Help Resolve Cyprus Issue
By John E. Yang
Turkey, Greece's ancient rival, in
in neighboring Yugoslavia and the
the Persian Gulf War is not a threat
broader issue of friction between
Washington Post Staff Writer
to them. He will also spend two
Greece-and Turkey.
ATHENS, July 18-President
days in Turkey beginning Saturday.
U.S.-Greek relations are becom-
Bush began a two-day visit to
The president brought no new
ing smoother after years of difficul-
Greece-today by vowing to help
proposals to resolve the Cyprus
ty that began in 1967 when Greek
Greek and Turkish leaders settle by
question, which Mitsotakis called
army colonels seized power and im-
the end of the year the dispute that
"our great national issue," but he
posed a dictatorship. The strain
has left the island of Cyprus divided
said he wants to give impetus to
worsened during the eight-year rule
for nearly two decades.
U.N. Secretary General Javier
of Socialist leader Andreas Papan-
"Today, with new leaders of vi-
Perez de Cuellar's call for a confer-
dreou, which ended in 1989. Last
sion, your nations enjoy a unique
ence on the issue involving Greeks,
year, Mitsotakis's New Democracy
opportunity to overcome the mis-
Turks, Greek Cypriots and Turkish
Party secured a two-seat majority
understandings of the past," Bush
Cypriots.
in the 300-seat Parliament.
told the Greek Parliament, recalled
"It is not my role to spell out the
Mitsotakis warmly welcomed
from a summer recess for the
steps, nor it is my role to spell out
Bush today, calling his visit "a po-
event. "You can begin to heal the
the procedures," Bush told a news
litical event of particular signifi-
deep wound that scars Cyprus, that
conference after meeting with Mit-
cance. It reinforces the efforts of
divides families and friends on that
sotakis. "It is my role to use what-
our government to develop Greek-
island.
The United States will
ever authority the United States
American relations."
do whatever it can do to help
may have
to further support for
Mitsotakis's popularity has suf-
settle the Cyprus problem, and do
the United Nations secretary gen-
fered, though, as he has tried to
so this year."
eral's proposals in any way I can."
pare the government payroll, sell
Presidents Bush and Karamanlis, flanked by costumed guards, shake hands at entrance to Greece's presidential palace.
The speech was coolly received
Turkey invaded Cyprus in 1974
state industries and get tough on
and Bush was interrupted only once
after a Greek-aided coup attempt
tax evaders in order to improve the
contention that the United States is
Kuwait from Saddam Hussein,"
After Bush's speech to Parlia-
by applause, when he invited Greek
on the island. Cyprus has been cut
beleaguered Greek economy. His
ment, several thousand students
President Constantine Karamanlis
in two ever since, with Turkish
party currently trails Papandreou's
tilting toward rival Turkey because
Bush told the Greek lawmakers to-
to visit Washington next year.
Panhellenic Socialist Movement, or
of the support it gave the allied ef-
day. "In the Persian Gulf, as in Ko-
tried to march on the U.S. Embassy
troops controlling the north, the
fort in the Persian Gulf War. Bush
rea and the two world wars, Greece
but were dispersed by riot police
Bush's visit here, the first by an
Greek Cypriot government control-
Pasok, in popularity polls.
To help boost the Greek econo-
will acknowledge Greece's war ef-
sided with the forces of freedom."
who fired tear gas.
American president since Dwight
ling the south and U.N. peace-keep-
Eisenhower's global tour in 1959, is
ing forces keeping them apart.
my, Bush announced today that he
fort on Friday when he flies to
Security for the trip is tight after
In Istanbul, bombs went off to-
designed to bolster the sagging pop-
During their meeting, which
would send Commerce Secretary
Souda Bay on Crete to visit the
a series of car bombings in Athens
night at five banks despite heavy
ularity of conservative Greek Prime
lasted nearly two hours, Mitsotakis
Robert Mosbacher here this fall on
Greek naval frigate Limnos, one of
to protest the visit. Crowds along
security measures taken before
Bush's motorcade route today were
Bush's visit, Turkey's semi-official
Minister Constantine Mitsotakis
and Bush also discussed Mitso-
a trade and investment mission.
two that served in the war.
and to reassure the Greeks that the
"takis's efforts to get the Greek
Much of Pasok's restored pop-
"You stood squarely with the in-
sparse and showed little reaction
Anatolia news agency said. The
United States' close alliance with
economy under control, the unrest
ularity comes from Papandreou's
ternational coalition that liberated
other than curiosity.
bombs caused no injuries.
U.N. Nuclear Agency Cites Iraq for Violations
whether or not more equipment or
allied forces during the Persian Gulf
tion of transformers, but Blix said
IRAQ From AI
material remain to be turned over"
War, but he declined to provide de-
scientists there were able to pro-
something, he replied, "I'm sure
tails. U.S. and diplomatic sources
duce a pound of uranium enriched
to the agency. "Only further inspec-
they must have."
tions can establish the extent of the
have said further U.N. inspection of
to the rate of 4 percent.
Officials at the State Department
activities with regard to enrich-
nuclear sites in Iraq is expected
This is a relatively low level of
and the Pentagon. also reiterated
ment," because of a lack of confi-
next week.
enrichment since a rate exceeding
statements that Iraq is continuing
dence in Iraq's claims, the state-
The Iraqi violations highlighted
90 percent IS required to make a
A20 FRIDAY, JULY 19, 1991
THE WASHINGTON POST
"SH
The Washington Post
AN INDEPENDENT NEWSPAPER
19
CAE
Talking to Turkey About Rights
I
T NEVER seems to be the right time to talk
to imprisonment and some to death after legal
to Turkey about human rights. Either some
proceedings that did not meet international stan-
international crisis, like the gulf war, has
dards for fair trial. The use of torture continued
come along that demonstrates Turkey's strategic
to be widespread and systematic, in some cases
value to its fellow members of NATO and Europe
resulting in death." Ancient history? Helsinki
or the Turks can point to some domestic
Watch conveys new reports of extrajudicial kill-
distraction, like attacks by Armenian terrorists or
ings by police in Istanbul and Ankara on July 5,
Kurdish separatists, to show that they are an
July 12 and July 14.
QUIET!
imperfect but struggling democracy unfairly ac-
We raise the matter because President Bush,
cused and living in a neighborhood harsh beyond
fresh from a London summit that saluted the way
their critics' ken. Turkish officials are practiced in
human rights and democracy in the world are
discounting the constant deep stream of complaints.
going forward, is about to drop by Turkey, where
emanating from Amnesty International, Helsinki
recent official violence against individuals and
Watch and other authoritative European and inter-
new laws on freedom of expression and associa-
national human rights bodies.
tion suggest that the country may actually be
The fact remains that Turkey, a democracy
going backward. Mr. Bush is a friend of Turkey
and a member of the world's leading alliance of
and particularly of its president, Turgut Ozal,
democracies, has an appalling human rights re-
with whom he spoke on the phone some 50 times
cord. Its performance consistently puts it in the
during the gulf war. What will they talk about
company of some of the grossest violators in the
tomorrow? Iraq, RO doubt. The Soviet Union.
Third World and Communist places where viola-
Cyprus. Anything else? Unless Mr. Bush cares to
tions are a more expected part of the political
avoid conveying the dispiriting message that
landscape. How gross? Last year, says Amnesty,
enemies will be held to account for repression
01991
"there were thousands of political prisoners,
and torture but that with friends anything goes,
scores of whom were prisoners of conscience.
he will have to find a way to tell Mr. Ozal that, to
Hundreds of political prisoners were sentenced
Americans, human rights in Turkey matter.
LE
The Senate Tries Free Speech
I
N FOLLOWING the House and renouncing
try as has sometimes been done in the past to give
honoraria in return for a pay raise, the Senate
itself the raise without a record vote. The leader-
The Post's Jun
did the right thing. The responsibilities of the
ship did try to provide a little shelter, though that
Cops" contains a
office are worth the $125,100 that senators will
was more comic than real; the bill was brought up
statements regard
tutes of Health's
now receive, and instead of some of the money
without advance notice and after the evening news,
with scientific mis
coming in the form of ostensible speaking fees
Majorities of both parties (though not most mem-
First, contrary
from the interest groups with business before
bers up for reelection next year) still had to put
ated by the editor
debarred from
THE WASHINGTON POST
Greek Leader Prods U.S.
G
To Focus on Cyprus Issue
AI
Turkish Presence in North Termed 'Unjust'
Com
By John E. Yang
work today that he would be willing
Washington Post Staff Writer
to settle the issue if Turkey gave up
some of the land its troops control
SOUDA BAY, Greece, July 19-
for the self-proclaimed Turkish Re-
MOS
Greek Prime Minister Constantine
public of Northern Cyprus. The eth-
ident N
Mitsotakis told President Bush to-
nic Turks of Cyprus form less than
edged
day that Turkey's control of north-
20 percent of the island's popula-
non-Co
ern Cyprus is the same as Iraq's
tion but hold about 40 percent of its
er of th
invasion of Kuwait-unjust and in
territory.
Gort
violation of international law.
"The most important point is the
viewer
The conservative leader also
territorial aspect of the problem,"
Televis
pointedly sought to remind Bush of
Mitsotakis said. "If the problem of
nist P
the strong cultural and social ties
Cyprus is solved," he said, "we will
through
that bind their two countries. Mit-
support" admitting Turkey into the
his sug
European Community.
tain fu
sotakis is trying to repair U.S.-
Mitsotakis also used his speech
world
Greek relations, strained during
on Crete to highlight the cultural
politica
eight years of Socialist rule in
links between the United States and
When
Greece, and to counter the close
Greece, saying that the ideals that
possible
alliance the United States devel-
shaped America were Greek ideals.
could b
oped with Turkey, Greece's ancient
"While the United States is now the
chev m
rival, during the Persian Gulf War.
symbol of democracy in the world,
defense
Mitsotakis and Bush spoke to
Greece, where it was born, remains
ciety sh
Greek and American sailors at a
its soul," he said. "That creates a
will sele
U.S. naval base here on the Greek
special bond between us."
to the a
island of Crete, Bush's first postwar
In his remarks, Bush thanked
their qu
visit to a U.S. military installation
Greek sailors for their role in the
differen
that played a direct role in the war.
allied war effort. "Greece stood
importa
with us from the very first moments
wins sh
"These men of the Greek navy
of Desert Shield to the final victory
In the
also went to the gulf in the belief
that by opposing Iraq's aggression
in Desert Storm," he said.
ty's los:
against Kuwait, they would help
He also announced that the Unit-
Gorbach
raise the consciousness of the world
ed States would send Greece sur-
party ca
indefinit
to the continued occupation of
plus tanks and artillery, speed up
of the
northern Cyprus," Mitsotakis said.
delivery of 28 F-4E fighter jets and
Moveme
"It, too, is patently unjust and in
lease two frigates to the Greek
week's
defiance of the international rules of
navy.
Central
The two men spoke in the bril-
conduct. that the gulf war was
commen
liant sunshine before the Greek na-
fought to defend."
seemed
val frigate Limnos, which patrolled
AGENCE FRANCE PRESSE
The United States views the two
President and Barbara Bush tour Acropolis with Mitsotakis and his daughter.
The
the Red Sea during the war, and the
situations as "entirely different," a
tonight
USS DeWert, a guided missile frig-
senior White House official said.
Moscow
ate that arrived in the Mediterra-
Bush and Mitsotakis briefly dis-
don with
nean theater just last May and so
YUGOSLAVIA
BULGARIA
Black Sea
cussed the Cyprus question today
major in
saw no action in the war.
during an early-morning walk
The ships were moored stern-to-
0
The
dominate
around the Acropolis in Athens.
stern, bedecked with brightly col-
ALBANIA
The matter will be on the agenda
Ankara
have grd
ored signal flags. A Greek destroy-
Gorbach
when Bush meets with Turkish
er anchored in the bay boomed a
GREECE
viet lead
President Turgut Ozal in Ankara on
21-gun salute as Bush and Mitso-
TURKEY
seem m.
Saturday, the 17th anniversary of
takis arrived.
Democra
the Turkish invasion of Cyprus.
Bush, a former Navy lieutenant
Athens
by forme
Turkish troops invaded northern
junior grade, quickly shed his navy-
Aegean
Shevardr
Cyprus to protect the Turkish Cyp-
blue Air Force windbreaker and
Sea
Gorbac
riot community five days after a
blue tie decorated with U.S. Navy
election
military coup that was backed by
eagles. "Warm up here," he said.
or 1993.
the junta then ruling in Greece.
The president revealed that the
Souda Bay
lieve tha
U.S. naval facility served as a busy
TURKEY
Bush has pledged to help Greece
Sea
Crete
GREECE
dential 3.
refueling station in the gulf war,
Mediterranean
Nicosia
have cre.
and Turkey resolve their differ-
tending to 97 ships, handling about
Sea
CRETE
CYPRUS
ences over Cyprus, which is divided
Mediterranean Sea
ment as a
13,000 tons of cargo and pumping
0
200
(GREECE)
Gorbache
between Greek Cypriots in the
500,000 pounds of jet fuel. The
MILES
The a
south and Turkish Cypriots in the
base's role in the war had not been
BY
BRAD
WASHINGTON
POST
percentay
north, but said he has no new so-
widely known in Greece.
lutions to offer. He told reporters
Earlier, in Athens, Bush said he
San Francisco, New York or Ath-
today that he wants to be a "cata-
was not bothered by demonstrators
ens, we're bound to stir up a little
"lyst.
The United States cannot
protesting his visit who clashed
interest," he told reporters. "But
dictate terms but we can express a
with police Thursday night. "Any-
that's some of what democracy is
keen interest in being helpful."
place that an American president
about. We don't worry about all
Mitsotakis told Cable News Net-
goes, whether it's Chicágo, Dallas,
that."
Coles
your
Et
WASHINGTON Posr
SUNDAY, JULY 21, 1991 A25
NEWS
Allied Strike in Iraq
Not Likely, Bush Says
President Pledges Closer Ties With Turkey
By John E. Yang
pressed concern over reports of the
Washington Post Staff Writer
Turkish government's repression of
political opponents, which, accord-
ANKARA, Turkey, July 20-
ing to one human rights group, in-
President Bush said today that he is
cludes police killings of minority
concerned about recent fighting be-
Kurds and alleged terrorists.
tween Kurdish rebels and govern-
In public, though, Bush warmly
ment troops in northern Iraq but
embraced Ozal. "The international
does not expect the situation to re-
coalition could not have achieved the
quire intervention by an allied rapid-
liberation of Kuwait without Tur-
response force stationed in Turkey.
At a joint news conference with
key's pivotal contributions," Bush
President Turgut Ozal, Bush also
said as he stood with Ozal at welcom-
thanked the Turkish leader for his
ing ceremonies. Bush answered,
key support in the Persian Gulf War
questions on various subjects during
and pledged to work with him to
the press conference, including those
"build a new strategic relationship
about Iraq, where fighting between
based on closer political, security
Kurdish rebels and government
and, yes, economic ties."
troops broke out in two northern
In private talks in the presidential
Iraqi cities last week after the final
residence, according to senior
withdrawal of allied troops.
White House officials, Bush ex-
See BUSH, A26, Col. 5
BY LINDE RIVERA FOR THE WASHINGTON POST
driven into exile under Sandinista rule.
Zulu Chief Plays Down
0
100
Caribbean Sea
MILES
Covert Funding for Party
Coco
River
Unaware of Pretoria's Support, He Says
HONDURAS
Waspan
Puerto
An internal police memorandum
ntras.
EL
By David B. Ottaway
SALV.
Cabezas
Washington Post Foreign Service
published by the Weekly Mail of Jo-
gov-
NICARAGUA
hannesburg details how the security
where
ULUNDI, South Africa, July
police funneled nearly $100,000 into
But
20-Zulu Chief Mangosuthu Buthe-
an Inkatha bank account to help or-
estral
Mariagua
lezi, reacting to disclosures Friday
ganize a November 1989 rally and
to
that the white-minority government
another in March 1990, shortly after
secretly funneled money to his
the release from prison of ANC
Boycott
leai
Gandhi Suspect Dead
and guerrilla groups allied
fer
against it.
mo
MADRAS, India-A key sus-
From news services and staff reports
veryone [in the Arab world]
me
board."
tak
Arab boycott was imposed at
Isr
of Israel in 1948 in an ef-
strangle its economy. It is
Bush Says Allied Intervention
1
sus
sig
tered by the Arab League
to
an office in Damascus that
In New Iraqi Fighting Unlikely
ly,
blacklist of companies. The
me
secret, but news reports
im
dicated it is larger than
BUSH, From A25
bargo against Iraq and allowing U.S.
ten
llegal for American firms to
jets headed for Iraq to use Turkey's
sig
boycott.
"It's a matter of concern to us
Incirlik Air Base.
ical
Arab countries, notably
but we are not anticipating that
The administration has asked Con-
tov
have reported privately
force will be used," he said, refer-
gress for $700 million in economic
Wh
boycott is, for practical
ring to the rapid-response force
and military aid for Turkey in the
1
an
weakening, and that
stationed near Silopi, Turkey, about
coming fiscal year, more than a quar-
did
the blacklist have gained
1,000 miles from Ankara. "We are
ter more than it requested last-year.
in the Arab world. But
thinking that [Iraqi President] Sad-
Some of the money would go to help
suc
wit
dam Hussein, having learned his
Turkey buy 80 F-16 fighter jets from
ese countries have not re-
lesson once, will hopefully not em-
the United States.
spe
the boycott.
if 0
his talks with Lebanon's
bark on the kind of carnage that re-
And after Turkey incurred as a re-
sult of the war an estimated $7 bil-
tinu
sulted in our having to do what we
today, Baker reportedly
did in the past."
lion in war-related costs, including
issue of six U.S. hostages
[Iran denied Iraqi charges that it
lost oil transit fees and loss of tour-
and
eld in Lebanon. After re-
instigated clashes between the Iraqi
ism, the Bush administration and
by
o Beirut from his talks with
abi
army and Kurds in northern Iraq
Congress responded by boosting
Cairo, Bouez told, report-
al
during the past week, Reuter re-
Turkey's textile import quotas and
ssured Baker that Lebanon
ported from Nicosia, Cyprus. Kur-
sending more foreign aid for the cur-
und
ork to free the hostages,
tha
dish rebels and U.N. officials have
rent spending year.
continued plight "reflects
said hundreds of people were killed
As Bush and Ozal forge a close re-
Isra
ly on Lebanon on more
or wounded.
lationship-Ozal and his wife;
level." Bouez said Baker
[Iranian Foreign Ministry spokes-
Semra, were overnight guests at
con
ged to increase efforts to
man Morteza Sarmadi was quoted by
Camp David in March-the admin-
five
foreign aid for Lebanon,
Iran's national news agency as say-
istration remains concerned about al-
offe
emerging from 16 years of
ing the Iraqi claims "are in line with
legations of political repression in
I
previous Iraqi policies of diverting
Turkey. Beyond raising the matter
ter
public opinion from the internal sit-
during today's meetings, "there's re-
uation in that country."
ally not much else we can do," a sen-
[Kurdish leaders meanwhile
ior White House official said.
for Party
banned protests in the border town
Helsinki Watch, a human rights
of Zakhu in an effort to prevent fur-
watchdog group, recently wrote
ther clashes with the Iraqi army.]
Ozal to complain about alleged po-
led to provide the money
Bush and many U.S. lawmakers
lice killings of political opponents,
illies to bolster Buthelezi's
are eager to reward Turkey for its
including minority Kurds: In one
mage in the country just
assistance in the gulf war. Ozal
10-day period earlier this month, 18
d after Mandela's release.
bucked domestic opposition by giving
people were killed, according to
ents by Vlok, de Klerk and
crucial support for the economic em-
Helsinki Watch.
ional Affairs Minister Ger-
1 here today all left unclear
he government is continu-
Hectic Pace Tiring, Bush Admits
provide covert funds to
Vlok said financial support
ANKARA, Turkey, July 20-As
The health and endurance of the
o-Inkatha United Workers
he heads toward the home stretch
peripatetic president, who returns
South Africa had ended
of a nine-day, four-nation tour,
home Monday, a week before head-
ot state clearly that the
President Bush allowed today that
ing to a summit meeting in Mos-
id ended for Inkatha itself.
the hectic pace has had an effect on
cow, has been of concern since he
rk said in his statement
him but said he still feels in good
was diagnosed in May as having an
not government policy to
health.
overactive thyroid gland. He takes
rect or indirect aid to any
"I'm 67 still, and I have to con-
daily medication to regulate his
arty or organization "ex-
fess that from time to time I get
heartbeat, help prevent blood clots
rnment aid made available
tired," he told a news conference
and to replace the thyroid hormone
lifying political parties on
here at the Turkish presidential
lost after doctors recommended
asis."
palace.
that the gland be gradually de-
said the money provided to
Bush's trip has included early-
stroyed with radiation treatments.
was "really insignificant"
morning meetings and official din-
"Generally speaking, I feel good,"
to the "vast sums" donated
ners that have stretched late into
Bush said. "I feel up for all of this."
governments to the ANC.
the night.
John E. Yang
THE WASHINGTON POST
Bush Winds Up Visit to Turkey With Sightseeing
SU
The primary focus of the trip was
proposed solution of his own. The
That is something Bush can say
By John E. Yang
to thank Turkish President Turgut
deadline was not in Bush's prepared
about fewer and fewer places: This
Washington Post Staff Writer
Ozal for providing key aid during
text, and some top officials said
nine-day, four-nation tour that ends
WHIT
ISTANBUL, July 21-President
the war in spite of political opposi-
they were not sure where it came
Monday is the 16th foreign trip of
GORDON'S
Bush toured old Istanbul today and
tion at home. When Bush arrived in
from.
his presidency and Turkey is the
GIN OR VC
took a boat ride along the strait that
Ankara on Saturday, he quoted the
31st country he has visited.
SEAGRAM
Bush leaves Turkey with little
80°
divides the continents of Europe
Turkish proverb: "Good friends be-
apparent progress. He backed Tur-
Accompanied by First Lady Bar-
and Asia, ending visits to ancient
come apparent on black days."
kish President Turgut Ozal's idea of
bara Bush, Ozal and Ozal's wife,
IMPORT
rivals Greece and Turkey in which
To reassure conservative Greek
talks among Greeks, Turks, Greek
Semra, Bush toured the Mosque of
KAHLUA 5
DRAMBUIS
he thanked one for crucial support
Prime Minister Constantine Mitso-
Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots, but
Sultan Ahmed, commonly known as
BAILEY'S IRKS
in the Persian Gulf War and sought
takis that close U.S. ties with Tur-
Mitsotakis opposes it, saying it
the Blue Mosque because of its 260
GRAND M
to reassure the other that ties are
key are not a threat to him, Bush
would give legitimacy to Turkey's
blue-tinted windows and the blue-
still strong.
went to Greece bearing gifts. He
control over part of the island. "The
tiled interior, and Hagia Sofia, a
SEAGR
Bush's delicate balancing act-
announced his intention to lease
Cyprus question is not an easy
4th-century Christian church that is
W
spending an equal number of days in
Greece two frigates and to accel-
question to be solved," Ozal said
now a museum. At Topkapi Sarayi,
each country-appears to have
erate the delivery of 28 F-4E jets.
Saturday.
the palace of Ottoman sultans from
9
strengthened U.S. ties with both
By contrast, he had nothing new to
Those problems receded today,
the 15th to the 19th centuries, the
80°
nations. He made little apparent
offer Turkey.
though, as Bush became an Amer-
couples watched five dervishes
progress, however, on his other
whirl their ancient ritual.
GALL
Bush arrived in Greece declaring
ican tourist in a bright blue polo
goal of the trip, bringing Greece
that he wanted to help resolve "this
shirt.
After a two-hour boat ride along
6.6
and Turkey together to settle a
year" differences with Turkey that
"This is going to be wonderful,"
the Bosporus, where Europe meets
RHINE, BUF
three-decades-old dispute over Cy-
have left Cyprus divided for nearly
he told reporters on his flight from
the Orient, Bush attended an official
BLUSH CHAB
PINK CHAB
two decades-although he had no
dinner at the Dolmabache Palace.
FRENC
prus.
Ankara. "Never been here before."
South Africa
If you're seeking
a
Admits Aiding
Inbotho
Chase's Annual Events
Feb
1992
PLIMSOLL DAY. Feb 10. A day to remember Samuel Plimsoll,
FEBRUARY 10 - MONDAY
"The Sailor's Friend," a coal merchant turned reformer and
41st Day - Remaining, 325
politician, who was elected to Parliament in 1868. He attacked
the practice of overloading heavily insured ships, calling them
THE NEWS THAT'S FIT TO PRINT": the News ANNIVER- That's Fit
"coffin ships." His persistence brought about amendment of
"ALL SARY. Feb 10. The familiar slogan "All Times since to
Britain's Merchant Shipping Act. The Plimsoll Line, named for
has appeared on page one of The New York
him, is a line on the side of ships marking maximum load al-
Print," 10. 1897. Although in October, 1896, The New York Times, with
lowed by law. Born at Bristol, England, Feb 10, 1824. Died at
olfered Feb a prize of $100 to anyone who could found. come up a
Folkestone, England, June 3, 1898.
better slogan of 10 words or less, none was
TREATY OF PARIS SIGNED. Feb 10. Following the conclu-
CIVILIAN AUTO PRODUCTION HALTED: 50TH ANNI-
sion of the Spanish American War, in 1898, American and
VERSARY. Feb 10. The production of civilian automobiles
halted Feb 10, 1942. Auto plants were used exclusively to
Spanish ambassadors met in Paris, France, to negotiate a
was build tanks, jeeps and aircraft until 1945. Contracts were deter-
treaty. Under the terms of this treaty Spain granted the US the
mined on a cost-plus basis under the direction of the War
Philippine Islands, the islands of Guam and Puerto Rico, in
addition to withdrawal from Cuba. Senatorial debate over the
Production Board.
treaty centered on the US's move towards imperialism by ac-
quiring the Philippines. A vote was taken on Feb 6 and the
treaty passed by a one-vote margin. President William McKinley
signed the treaty on Feb 10, 1899, completing ratification.
TWENTY-FIFTH AMENDMENT TO US CONSTITU-
TION (PRESIDENTIAL SUCCESSION, DISABIL-
ITY): RATIFICATION ANNIVERSARY. Feb 10. Proce-
dures for presidential succession were further clarified by the
25th Amendment, along with provisions for continuity of power
in the event of a disability or illness of the president. The 25th
Amendment was ratified on Feb 10, 1967.
WHITE, WILLIAM ALLEN: BIRTH ANNIVERSARY. Feb
10. American newspaperman, owner and editor of the Emporia
DURANTE, JIMMY: BIRTH ANNIVERSARY. Feb 10. Amer-
Gazette. Coined the phrase "tinhorn politician" and, in one
ican comedian, actor, composer and author, born Feb 10, 1893,
obituary, wrote of the deceased that he had "the talent of a
at New York, NY. Durante appeared in many Broadway musi-
meat-packer, the morals of a money changer and the manners
cals and motion pictures and had radio and television shows.
of an undertaker." Born at Emporia, KS, Feb 10, 1868. Died
Subject of a biography entitled Schnozzola by Gene Fowler.
there Jan 29, 1944.
The song "Inka Dinka Doo" was one of his trademarks. Died at
BIRTHDAYS TODAY
Santa Monica, CA, on Jan 29, 1980, after more than 60 years in
show business. His most remembered line was the sign-off he
Donovan (Donovan P. Leitch), 46, singer, songwriter, born at
used on his television show: "Good night, Mrs Calabash, wher-
Glasgow, Scotland, Feb 10, 1946.
ever you are."
Lenny (Leonard Kyle) Dykstra, 29, professional baseball
FIRST ACTOR TO PERFORM IN TWO CITIES ON THE
player, born at Santa Ana, CA, Feb 10, 1963.
SAME DAY: ANNIVERSARY. Feb 10. On Feb 10, 1887,
Roberta Flack, 53, singer, born at Black Mountain, NC, Feb 10,
1939.
Nathaniel Carr Goodwin performed at an 11:30 AM matinee of
Turned Up in Boston, MA. Following the closing curtain, he
Dennis Louis Gentry, 33, professional football player, born at
returned to New York City on the 1:00 PM train and that eve-
Lubbock, TX, Feb 10, 1959.
Frances Moore Lappe, 48, author, born at Pendleton, OR, Feb
ning performed in The Mascot at the Bijou Theatre at 8:00 PM.
10, 1944.
FIRST WORLD WAR II MEDAL OF HONOR: 50TH ANNI-
Greg Norman, 37, golfer, born at Melbourne, Australia, Feb 10,
VERSARY. Feb 10. Second Lieut Alexander Ramsey
1955.
("Sandy") Nininger, Jr, was posthumously awarded World War
Leontyne Price, 65, opera singer, born at Laurel, MS, Feb 10,
II's first Medal of Honor on February 10, 1942, for heroism at
1927.
the Battle of Bataan. He had graduated from West Point in 1941
Mark Spitz, 42, swimmer, born at Modesto, CA, Feb 10, 1950.
and was on his first assignment after being commissioned.
Robert Wagner, 62, actor, born at Detroit, MI, Feb 10, 1930.
GTE SUNCOAST CLASSIC. Feb 10-16. Cheval Polo and Golf
Club, Tampa, FL. The Pro-Am is a two-day event which fea-
FEBRUARY 11 - TUESDAY
tures teams of four amateurs and one professional player. The
42nd Day - Remaining, 324
tee times are selected by a blind draw at a pairings party.
Trophies and prizes are awarded to the ten lowest teams. Spon-
CAMEROON: YOUTH DAY. Feb 11. Public holiday.
sor: General Telephone and Electronics Suncoast Classic,
CHILD, LYDIA MARIA: BIRTH ANNIVERSARY. Feb 11.
15310 Amberly Dr, Ste 360, Tampa, FL 33647. Phone:
Lydia Maria Child was born on Feb 11, 1802, at Medord, MA.
(813) 971-1726.
As a writer her works included Hobomok, about early Salem
LAMB, CHARLES: BIRTH ANNIVERSARY. Feb 10. Liter-
and Plymouth life, and The Rebels, which described pre-Revo-
ary critic, poet and essayist, born at London, England, on Feb
lutionary Boston. In addition she produced several practical
10, 1775. "The greatest pleasure I know," he wrote in 1834, "is
works including The Frugal Housewife, which enjoyed 21 edi-
to do a good action by stealth, and to have it found out by
tions, and The Mother's Book. In 1833, she and her husband,
accident." Died at Edmonton, England, Dec 27, 1834.
David Lee Child, published the controversial abolitionist docu-
MALTA: FEAST OF ST. PAUL'S SHIPWRECK. Feb 10.
ment "An Appeal in Favor of That Class of Americans Called
Africans," which called for educating the slaves. Their work for
Valletta. Holy day of obligation. Commemorates shipwreck of
abolition continued with the weekly newspaper The National
St. Paul on the north coast of Malta in AD 60.
Anti-Slavery Standard, which they published in New York City
PASTERNAK, BORIS LEONIDOVICH: BIRTH ANNI-
from 1840 to 1844. The Childs settled on a farm in Massachu-
VERSARY. Feb 10. Russian poet and novelist, born at Mos-
setts in 1852 from where Lydia wrote on such topics as femi-
cow, USSR, Feb 10, 1890. Best-known work: Doctor Zhivago.
nism, religion and capital punishment. She died Oct 20, 1880, at
Died at Moscow, May 30, 1960.
Wayland, MA.
45
Feb
Chase's Annual Events
1992
EDISON, THOMAS ALVA: 145TH BIRTH ANNIVER-
SPACE MILESTONE: FIRST SOVIET COMMERCIAL
SARY. Feb 11. American inventive genius and holder of more
SATELLITE MISSION. Feb 11. Anatoly Solovyov and Alek-
than 1,200 patents (including the incandescent electric lamp,
sandr Balandin departed the Baikonur launching site, Feb 11
phonograph, electric dynamo and key parts of many now famil-
1990, on the Soviet Union's first satellite mission designed for
iar devices such as the movie camera, telephone transmitter,
profit-by producing industrial crystals in the weightlessness of
etc.). Edison said, "Genius is 1 percent inspiration and 99 per-
space. The craft arrived at the Mir orbital space station on Feb.
cent perspiration." His birthday is now widely observed as
13. Launching of the Soyuz TM-9 capsule was witnessed by four
Inventor's Day. Born at Milan, OH, Feb 11, 1847. Died at Menlo
American astronauts and televised live. The mission was hailed
Park, NJ, Oct 18, 1931.
as initiating a new level of openness of information about Soviet
FULLER, MELVILLE WESTON: BIRTH ANNIVERSARY.
space projects.
Feb 11. Eighth chief justice of the US Supreme Court. Born at
SPACE MILESTONE: OSUMI (JAPAN). Feb 11. First Japa
Augusta, ME, Feb 11, 1833. Died at Sorrento, ME, July 4, 1910.
nese satellite and Japan became fourth nation to send satellite
IRAN: NATIONAL DAY. Feb 11. National holiday observed in
into space, Feb 11, 1970.
Iran.
VATICAN CITY: INDEPENDENCE ANNIVERSARY. Feb
11. The Lateran Treaty, signed by Pietro Cardinal Gasparri and
Benito Mussolini on Feb 11, 1929, guaranteed the independence
of the State of Vatican City and recognized the sovereignty of
the Holy See over it. Area is about 109 acres.
WATER CLOSET INCIDENT: ANNIVERSARY. Feb 11.
Jack Paar then host of "Tonight," walked out of his late-night
TV show on Feb 11, 1960. The incident was prompted by NBC's
censoring of a slightly off-color "water closet" joke the previous
night. After a meeting with network officials, Paar agreed to
return to the show on Mar 7.
WHITE SHIRT DAY. Feb 11. Anniversary of UAW-GM agree-
ment following 44-day sit-down strike at General Motors' Flint,
MI, factories in 1937. "Blue-collar" workers traditionally wear
white shirts to work on this day, symbolic of workingman's
dignity won. Has been observed by proclamation in Flint, MI.
JAPAN: NATIONAL FOUNDATION DAY. Feb 11. Marks the
founding of the Japanese nation. In 1872 the government offi-
BIRTHDAYS TODAY
cially set Feb 11, 660 BC, as the date of accession to the throne
Lloyd Bentsen, 71, US Senator (D, Texas), born at Mission, TX,
of the Emperor Jimmu (said to be Japan's first emperor) and
Feb 11, 1921.
designated the day a national holiday by the name of Empire
Paul Bocuse, 66, chef, born at Collonges-au-Mont-d'Or, France,
Day. The holiday was abolished after World War II, but was
Feb 11, 1926.
revived as National Foundation Day in 1966. Ceremonies are
held with Their Imperial Majesties the Emperor and Empress,
Eva Gabor, 71, actress, born at Budapest, Hungary, Feb 11,
1921.
the Prime Minister and other dignitaries attending. National
holiday.
Virginia Johnson, 67, psychologist, born at Springfield, MO,
Feb 11, 1925.
MANDELA, NELSON: PRISON RELEASE ANNIVER-
Tina Louise, 58, actress, born at New York, NY, Feb 11, 1934.
SARY. Feb 11. At 4:14 PM (locally), Feb 11, 1990, after serving
Sergio Mendes, 51, musician, band leader, born at Niteroi,
more than 27½ years of a life sentence (convicted, with eight
Brazil, Feb 11, 1941.
others, of sabotage and conspiracy to overthrow the govern-
Leslie Nielsen, 70, actor, born at Regina, Saskatchewan, Can-
ment), South Africa's Nelson Mandela, 71 years old, walked
ada, Feb 11, 1922.
away from the Victor Verster prison farm at Paarl, South Africa,
Burt Reynolds, 56, actor, born at Waycross, GA, Feb 11, 1936.
a free man. He had survived the cruelty accorded to Blacks by
Sidney Sheldon, 75, author, born at Chicago, IL, Feb 11, 1917.
a governmental system of Apartheid, the legally enforced sepa-
ration and oppression of non-white persons. Mandela greeted a
cheering throng of well-wishers, along with hundreds of millions
of television viewers worldwide, with demands for an intensifica-
FEBRUARY 12 - WEDNESDAY
tion of the struggle for equality for Blacks, who make up nearly
43rd Day - Remaining, 323
75% of South Africa's population.
MOON PHASE: FIRST QUARTER. Feb 11. Moon enters First
ADAMS, LOUISA CATHERINE JOHNSON: BIRTH AN-
Quarter phase at 11:15 AM, EST.
NIVERSARY. Feb 12. Wife of John Quincy Adams, sixth
president of the US. Born at London, England, Feb 12, 1775.
ST. LOUIS BOAT AND SPORTS SHOW. Feb 11-16. Cer-
Died May 14, 1852.
vantes Convention Center, St. Louis, MO. Sponsor: Natl Ma-
rine Manufacturers Assn. Info from: Mike Adams, 1139 Olivette
BRADLEY, OMAR NELSON: BIRTH ANNIVERSARY. Feb
Executive Pkwy, St. Louis, MO 63132. Phone: (314) 567-0020.
12. Omar Bradley commanded the US 2nd Corps in North
Africa and the invasion of Sicily during World War II. From
SIMMS PROFESSIONAL SNOWBOARD RACE. Feb 11.
there he moved to England and took command of the US 1st
Angel Fire, NM. Info from: Angel Fire Chamber of Commerce,
Army and participated in the planning of D-Day until he took
PO Box 547, Angel Fire, NM 87710. Phone: (800) 446-8117.
command of the 12th Army Group. This command saw him lead
1.2 million combat troops, the single largest command ever
under one American general. In 1948, he succeeded Dwight
S M T W T F S
Eisenhower as chief of staff of the Army. In 1949, he became the
February
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
first permanent chairman of the joint chiefs of staff, serving four
1992
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
years in that capacity. He published a volume of memoirs,
16 17 18 19 20 21 22
entitled Soldier's Story after his retirement in 1951. Omar Brad-
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
ley was born on Feb 12, 1893, at Clark, MO, and died at New
York City, on Apr 8, 1981.
46
JL-11-1991 15:32 FROM LC AFR ME
TO
94566218
P.02
The bird with one wing cannot fly.
a companions long journey is shortened by good
a single friend is equal to 1000 enemies
people with wolves for neighbors
don't eat well.
if much you travel much you will Cearm
a golden cage is still imprisonment
TOTAL P.02
--your successes are demonstrating to the Peruvian people, to Latin
America, to the world, that the Shining Path leads nowhere -- only
to the dark abyss of violence and disorder. The false seductions
of the Sendero Luminoso -- promising light where there is only
darkness, promising a path where there is only a dead end.
--the integrity of human life, the dignity of the individual
--the next century, a world changing at a dizzying pace
--we stand committed that Peru will not be left behind
-steering your country with a steady hand toward a solid and
welcome standing in the community of nations
--Your slogan of "Honesty, Technology, and Work." "
--your democratization reforms knowing, as did one of the
forefathers of my county, that the people "are the only sure
reliance for the preservation of our liberty."
--that stability and prosperity are not a matter of chance, they
are a matter of choice; that Peru cannot wait for its future to
happen, but rather Peru's future waits to be realized
--joke on Commies in Peruvian parliament? By the way, I'm aware
that Peru still has some Communists in its parliament, it's nice
to know there's still some real old-fashioned folks in the world.
Of course people have a right to march to the beat of a
dead/deceased drummer.
--Narcotics: not a question of fault or of fealty, it is a question
of Peru's future.
--drugs, driving insurgency, draining resources, and drowning
Peru's hopes for a better future.
--Fujimori: a man of pride, pragmatism, and purpose
--policies resolute and resourceful
--human rights, light at the end of the tunnel, pressing the
passage towards a better day for all Peruvians. factors
complicating progress
those who see only a glass half empty, we
see rather a struggle
half
won
Peru needs our aid, we cannot help
Peru by ignoring her
we
keep our hands fastidiously clean while
we fail to extend them to a country in need of help. (Yale
commencement: "We want to promote positive change in the world
throught the force of our example, not simply professour purity.
We want to advance the cause of freedom, not just snub nations that
aren't yet wholly free
Some argue that a nation as moral and as
just as ours should not taint itself by dealing ewith nations less
moral, less just. But this cousel offers up self-righteousness
draped in a false morality. You do not reform a world by ignoring
it."
NWO from SOU: "..a new world order, where diverse nations are
drawn together in common cause to achieve the universal aspirations
of mankind -- peace and security, freedom, and the rule of law.
Such is a world worthy of our struggle and worthy of our children's
future."
--Shakespeare's Henry V on St. Crispin's day: "All things are ready
if our minds be so." Paraphrase?
--the struggle (against ) has been/proven far from easy, and
farther from over.
--unscrupulous marauders
--narcotics: traffickers in death and destruction
SENT BY:Xerox Telecopier 7020 ; 2- 3-92 :12:40PM ;
96475087-
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UNDLAUGIFIED
UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF STATE
OFFICE OF SOUTHERN EUROPEAN AFFAIRS
FACSIMILE NUMBER (202) 647-5087
OFFICE NUMBERS (202) 647-6112/13/14
ROOMS 5509, 5511
AGENCY & OFFICE: WHITE House
NAME JeNNIFeR GROSSMAN
TELEPHONE # 4567750 FAX # 456-6218 ROOM #
Message Description: DRAFT- Rose GARDEN
DEPARTURE STATEMENT (Demirel VISIT)
FROM George Staples
REMARKS: UNCLEASED -SHOULD HAVE CLEARANCES
by TOMORROW COB,
Page / of 2 pages (including cover sheet)
UNCLASSIFIED
SENT BY:Xerox Telecopier 7020 ; 2- 3-92 :12:40PM ;
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ROSE GARDEN STATEMENT
Demirel. embodies a devotion to democracy and human rights a man who
Today I am honored to welcome to Washington
vision of recent elections in Turkey not just with came
the most He has been Prime Minister seven times, but -- Suleiman to
of a a great European statesman, but with the the enthusiasm clear
when improvement. I was struck by this combination this and
youthful and vigorous spokesman for change
said, and elections: "I'm going to be Prime confidently Minister, he to
the up-coming we met in Istanbul, and he looked forward summer,
he was right.
United discussed States for many decades, and as Mr Demirel ally
Turkey has of course been a close friend and of the
for two the future today, we foresaw an enhanced and I
can be our countries. In the new international partnership
undergoing a model as well as a strong friend in a region order, which Turkey is
swift change.
well: trade, the partnership will build on many other terrorism.
However, stability, particularly in its fight against and its
for territorial integrity, its sovereignty
its In pursuing this new role, Turkey will have firm US support
commitment cooperative diplomacy, NATO and CSCE membership, elements as a
fundamentalism threatens to turn back the clock.
to justice and progress and freedom when
working admiration a better Iraq that I expressed the who
I want for to emphasize on behalf of all Americans should are lock propers
extend the for the decision of Mr Demirel's strongest
We are committed se-starting another massive flight abroad country,
perhaps attacking, once again, citizens of his own prevents
from international military force which government Saddam to
deserve. get the food, the medecine, the new freedom all they
citizens to working through the UN to see for Iraqi safety.
Project already Hope cooperating closely in rushing Turkey through and
US new are emerging from the Soviet Union. facing the the
We republics spoke a great deal, also, of the challenges
Asia. We to needy friends in the Caucasus goods
cooperation want in to announce today that we will and Central
together to define these new republics, and look for expand this
and move in republics pass new laws, set experts Can help
to help these ties, new ways that US and Turkish cultural
and trade new infrastructure projects, new ways to work
with the West. a peaceful and orderly transition up new to establish institutions, ties
Greece, the and of government's plans to improve its Europe,
Turkish We spoke, also, of the importance of Turkey to of
interational certainly in the first half of this as
possible, and our common commitment to see convened relations with soon as
Cyprus. meeting which will approve UN year, an on
and prosperity The UN plan, we agreed, is the basis a draft for agreement
grievances. distribution of of powers both and communities settling on of the old island, and painful and the for security a new
at look many We forward also levels agreed in our to governments stay in the closest and touch in as coming well. year: I
warmly to those continuing personally exchanges.
FEB-03-1992 12:00 FROM LC AFR ME
TO
94566218
P.01
THE LIBRARY
OF CONGRESS
Date: 2/3/92
FACSIMILE COVER PAGE
TO
Name:
Jennifer Grossman
Location:
Telephone
) 456-7750
FAX Equipment
Number: (
Number:
(
) 456-6218
FROM
Name:
Chris Murphy
Location:
Library of Congress
Telephone
) $707-5421
FAX Equipment
Number: (
Number:
(
)
IF THERE ARE PROBLEMS IN TRANSMISSION:
Chis Muphy
Telephone
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Number: (
) 707 5421
Messages (if any):
1 of 2 pages
LW 3/88 (rev 4/89)
FEB-03-1992 12:01 FROM LC AFR ME
TO
94566218
P.02
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT
Memorandum
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
TO
: Jennifer Grossman
DATE: February 3, 1992
FROM : Christopher Murphy
am
SUBJECT : Recent statements by Suleyman Demirel.
Below I have translated three recent statements by Prime
Minister Demirel. They all concern themselves with freedom
of expression and openness in governmental administration. These
topics are currently very important issues in Turkey.
"Every question asked will be answered. Information and
discussion will be open and free."
FPublic opinion will be considered in every question that comes
before the government. A completely open administration is our goal."
"We stand for the full rights of youth and women, the right
to form organizations and to freely express ideas."
BUY U.S. SAVINGS BONDS THROUGH THE PAYROLL PLAN
8 July 1991
MEMORANDUM FOR TONY SNOW
FROM:
JENNIFER GROSSMAN
SUBJECTS:
ATATURK QUOTES
The following quotes are by Kemal Ataturk (lit. "father of the
Turks). The highly revered, almost legendary Ataturk founded the
republic of Turkey in 1923 after the collapse of the 600-year-old
Ottoman Empire. POTUS quoting Ataturk would impact similarly to
Ozal quoting Jefferson, or Lincoln. Let's do it.
NOTE:
The quotes have been translated from Ottoman Turkish.
Our Library of Congress expert, Chris Murphy has
encouraged us to edit them as we see fit, then check with
him to make sure we've preserved the original's
integrity. I've included some suggestion.
1)
"Institutions founded on slavery of nations are bound to be
eradicated everywhere." (1924)
OR: Governments which must enslave to survive are destined to
die away.
2)
"The opinion of the government must represent the opinion of
the nation. (1930)
OR: The voice of the government must speak the words of its
people.
3)
"Do not fear of speaking the truth." (1926)
OR: Spit it out, for chrissakes!!!!1
"All men are members of a SOC organism, t
hance are bond 70 can other"
1 Nations are bound
more by sentiments than
by treaties."
"Mutual see + Safety should B the
princip fin hap des by all nots of + wrb
The Washington Times
FRIDAY, JULY 19. 1991 / PAGE A3
NATION
Bush promises assistance
in ending Cyprus dispute
By Frank J. Murray
THE WASHINGTON TIMES
ATHENS, Greece Flushed with
the week's diplomatic successes,
President Bush yesterday reversed
his position and pledged to help re-
solve the long-running dispute over
Cyprus "and do SO this year."
"In the new world that I have dis-
cussed, none of us should accept the
status quo in Cyprus," Mr. Bush said
in a 19-minute speech to the Greek
parliament.
The so-called Green Line,
manned by United Nations troops,
now divides Cyprus, with 170,000
Turkish Cypriots on its north side
and 650,000 Greek Cypriots to the
south.
Later in the day, anti-American ri-
oting led police to close off streets in
downtown Athens and a firebombing
at the American Express Bank
90
caused serious damage.
Mr. Bush seemed to take his cue
from Prime Minister Constantine
on
Mitsotakis, who twice has asked the
W.
United States to intervene in the Cy-
ho
prus dispute:
di-
"Today, I pledge that the United
States will do whatever it can to help
Greece, Turkey and the Cypriots set-
tle the Cyprus problem, and do so
Id
this year," he said in his speech, add-
11"
ing a deadline that was not in ad-
AP
ve
vance texts.
Greek leader Constantine Karamanlis greets President Bush at the presidential palace in Athens yesterday.
n.
Mr. Bush, who arrived here yes-
terday from London, is the first
of whom had no helmets or shields,
American president to visit Greece
of the Acropolis and the Parthenon
Bush's resistance against offering
"P
Three bloodied men who ap-
this morning, then flies to Crete to
too much hope.
since Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1959.
peared to be among the leaders were
As always in U.S.-Greek relations, a
visit U.S. and Greek military person-
In an interview with The New
"
dragged away by plainclothes offi-
nel from Operation Desert Storm.
corresponding trip will be made to
York Times, published yesterday.
ig
cers who repeatedly beat and kicked
11
Turkey, beginning tomorrow.
Mr. Bush's unexpected promise to.
Mr. Mitsotakis portrayed Mr. Bush
their prisoners as they took them to
Riot police used tear gas grenades
resolve the Cyprus standoff within
as his main hope.
of
a van one block away.
last night on about 1,000 Cypriot pro-
months brought no applause, though
"The problem is now ripe to be
The marchers were stopped about
testers who tried to march to the
parliamentarians applauded his in-
solved. The role of the United States
e-
five blocks from their destination,
vitation to President Constantine
area where Mr. Bush was attending
can be determining and Mr. Bush
d
the presidential palace, where Mr.
a state dinner.
Karamanlis to make a state visit next
can be the catalyst," he said, using
Bush was attending a state dinner.
"We want the U.S. to do what it did
year and applauded louder when he
the same word Mr. Bush has taken
10
The guest list at the dinner in-
praised Mr. Mitsotakis.
in Kuwait, political not military,"
up.
cluded former Prime Minister An-
said a man carrying one end of the
In a pre-trip interview with Greek
Turkey invaded Cyprus on July
"
dreas Papandreou - as well as the
main banner urging political sanc-
television, Mr. Bush had warned
20. 1974, three days after the United
chief justice of the Supreme Court
tions to force Turkey out of Cyprus.
Greeks not to expect much. "I don't
States moved to intervene in
that is currently trying him for cor-
"Bush, he's on the other side," said
think that the U.S. can wave a magic
Greece's bloody coup ousting Pres-
ruption. the head of the Greek Com-
C
the man, who identifyied himself
wand and solve the Cyprus prob-
ident Makarios after 15 years of in
munist Party, the archbishop of
lem." he said.
"
dependence.
only as Costas, 24, a Cypriot student.
Greece and the ambassador from
All that was forgotten yesterday.
After years of back and forth
After an hourlong confrontation
Kuwait.
"We are going to try," Mr. Bush
pressure and negotiations, the
il
with police at Stadiou and Kolokotro-
There are also some indications
said in an outdoor news conference.
United States now supports U.N. See-
ni streets, the mob backed away one
terrorists may try to hit more U.S.
Mr: Mitsotakis reportedly told Mr.
retary General Javier Perez de Cuol
y
block and chanted "Bush no, Bush
interests in Greece and Turkey dur-
Bush of information that led him to
lar's call for establishment of a "bi-
no" in Greek as they threw egg-sized
ing the visit.
predict a settlement by this fall,
communal and bi-zonal federative
rocks at phalanxes of officers, most
Mr. Bush goes on a walking tour
which apparently loosened Mr.
government."
Gaffe leaves Bush sneaking Russian
to want to cooperate with these vol-
guidellines but, going a step further,
positive and, therefore, you won't be
there is a much, much gr
d
untary Centers for Disease Controll
also approved the imposition of
criminally liable if you
engage in
chance of a patient infecting
e
guidelines," he said. "They'll want to
prison sentences and fines on IIIV-
medical procedures that the CDC
physician than it is of a phys
had
Turkish
Soviet
to
sights
id
treaty
delight
By Rowan Scarborough
THE WASHINGTON TIMES
<S
Bushes
The Soviet Union next n
plans to steer its first superca
out of the Black Sea for assign
to the Northern Fleet, a voyage
implications for naval arms CO
By Frank J. Murray
as well as Moscow's ability to pr
THE WASHINGTON TIMES
power at sea.
ISTANBUL, Turkey - Like any
The Soviets have informed T
other worn-out- American tourist,
and other countries in the
George Bush ended an eight-day Eu-
that the aircraft carrie
luzn
ropean jaunt yesterday shoeless on
will depart in August, accordi
a half-acre of rugs in the Blue
U.S. officials.
Mosque's sacred splendor.
Its sea trials completed
He also marveled at whirling der-
900-foot long flat-top will
vishes spinning frantically to Turk-
through the Turkish Straits and
ish music at Topkapi Palace and
the Mediterranean Sea on its и
asked "how they do that without get-
Murmansk on the Barents Sea
ting dizzy."
officials said.
"Magnificent
amazing," he ex-
A State Department spoke
claimed in wonder at the massive
man, however,said she could no
six-minaret domed mosque that be-
firm the report.
came a tomb in 1622 for its builder,
The Kuznetsov's passage to
Sultan Ahmet I. It is one of 400
cally would put the Soviets in
mosques in this city that claims to be
tion of the 1936 Montreux Co
the only one in the world on two con-
tion, one of the longest-star
tinents.
arms control agreements.
The president and Barbara Bush,
treaty bans large warships, su
after removing their shoes in def-
aircraft carriers, from pas
erence to Islamic custom, walked
through the straits, according
under the mosque's massive dome
val experts.
on carpets vacuumed moments be-
Yet, the Kuznetsov's trip com
fore by Ismail, a muezzin who keeps
a time Moscow is prodding
things neat in between calling the
Reuters
United States to enter talks on n
faithful to prayer five times a day.
George and Barbara Bush examine the inside of Istanbul's Blue Mosque,
arms control.
Then, at a former church with
which they visited yesterday with Turkish President Turgut Ozal (right).
U.S. naval analysts, while
frescoes of Jesus Christ on its walls,
knowledging the convention is
the president stuck his finger in a
ern Turkey, Kemal Ataturk, died in
dated. say the Kuznetsov's debu
ended their journey the way it began
wishing hole, but wouldn't let on
1938.
the open seas will make the Sov
at the Tower of London last Monday
what he wished for.
In Athens on Thursday, Mr. Bush
arms control pitch appear incor
night, playing tourist.
"One of the things you do when
tent.
had said, "Today I pledge that the
you make a wish here is you never
United States will do whatever it can
While Mr. Bush held talks the day
"This dispute will probably C
tell what it is," Mr. Bush said at the
to help Greece, Turkey and the Cyp-
before, America's first lady met the
plicate Soviet attempts to engage
Haghia Sophia, now a museum, be-
riots settle the Cyprus problem, and
Mother-Goddess at the Anatolian
United States and the West in ne
fore going boating on the Bosphorus.
do so this year." His remarks were
Civilizations Museum that traces
tiating naval arms control,"
The president did discuss his
not scheduled and came as a sur-
10,000 years of Turkish history. After
Ronald O'Rourke, a naval exper
wishes for a settlement in the long-
prise to some observers.
seeing a figurine of a nursing
the Congressional Research
standing Cyprus dispute. Despite
Mother-Goddess. she saw another
vice.
the optimism he voiced earlier in the
Throughout the weekend, White
5.500-year-old version of the goddess
"It's still in place, and the Sov
week in Greece for a settlement, Mr.
House officials backpedaled from
with Asian features that her guide
ought to adhere to the treaty, at le
Bush conceded here last night that
that time pledge "because you all
said was the first documentation of
ask the signatories to provide will
seized on it."
the Greek government hasn't ac-
migration from Central Asia.
ever waiver that would be nec
cepted Turkey's call for four-way
Asked why Mr. Bush ad-libbed it
She later toured a Turkish orphan-
sary." said John Lehman, secret.
talks.
into his prepared text. the official,
age that is home to 723 children.
of the Navy in the Reagan adn
Mr. Bush supports Turkish Pres-
who refused to be identified, said,
istration, who vehemently oppo:
"We don't know where it came from
After a round of dawn-to-mid-
ident Turgut Ozal's call for repre-
Soviet offers to bargain over na
sentatives of Greece, Turkey, Greek
in the first place."
night days across seven time zones,
power.
Mr. Bush conceded to feeling tired at
Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots to
Mr. Bush also was optimistic
Mr. Lehman, however, question
one of the week's six news confer-
hold talks in New York in September,
about his latest attempt to bring Is-
the Kuznetsov's impact on wo
ences. But he also said he'd exercise
according to a report in Cumhuriyet,
raelis and Arabs together at the bar-
opinion.
as soon as he was finished with re-
a leading Turkish newspaper.
gaining table, as Secretary of State
"Technically, yes. it is a violatic
porters, who had been baiting him
"This sad chapter of ill will must
James A. Baker III headed into sep-
he said. "But in reality the Montre
about whether he was up to the pace.
end," Mr. Bush said, referring to the
arate meetings with Palestinians
Convention is kind of irrelevant
"I'll confess. to being a little bit
dispute between Turkey and Greece
and Israelis.
the présent time. I don't consider
tired - à lot of evening action out
over the Mediterranean island. "No
"I'm confident - I hope it's not
a major issue. It's certainly son
there coupled with getting up pretty
two nations who cherish democracy
misplaced confidence that Israel
thing that needs to be addressed,
early. So I'm 67. still, and I have to
should regard each other as en-
will] realize that time for peace is at
not as major subterfuge. The c:
confess from time to time I get
emies."
hand," Mr. Bush told reporters.
riers are not going to be used to ta
tired." he said.
The first U.S. president ever to
control of the straits."
He also announced that Richard
The president is due back at the
visit Istanbul - formerly called.
C. Barkley, 58, a career diplomat and
Prominent U.S. government" of
White louse this afternoon for a few
Byzantium and Constantinople -
cials have argued that Mosco
the nation's last ambassador to East
days of rest and homework. He
stressed the Cyprus theme at a lav-
which signed the Montreux Conve
Germany, was his choice to be the
leaves next Monday for the Soviet
ish state dinner in the newly ren-
new ambassador to Turkey.
tion, violated the treaty repeated
Union to sign the strategic arms re-
ovated 19th-century Dolmabahce
in the 1970s and 1980s by sailir
Yesterday was a brilliant day in
duction treaty in Moscow and do
Palace, where the founder of mod-
this historic city as the Bushes
huge Kiev-class warships throug
some sightseeing in Kiev.
the Turkish Straits - the Bosport
Holiday and
Holidays
anniversaries of
Cameroon
Youth Day
the world.
Dedicated to children and
young people of the nation.
Iran
National Day
Commemorates fall of Shah
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
Japan
February 11
Empire Day or National
Foundation Day
Commemorates founding of the
nation in 660 B.C. by the first
emperor, Jimmu Tenno.
Liberia
Armed Forces Day
Public holiday honoring
professional army, navy, and
militia.
U.S.
National Inventors Day
Birthdates
1535
Pope Gregory XIV, pope 1590-91. [d. Oc-
1907
William Jaird Levitt, U.S. building execu-
tober 16, 1591]
tive; developer of Levittown, N.Y.
1800
William Talbot, British physicist; first to
1909
Joseph Leo Mankiewicz, U.S. writer, film
produce paper positives, a landmark dis-
director; director of Cleopatra and Sleuth.
covery in photography, 1841. (d. Septem-
ber 17, 1877]
1912
Rudolf Firkusny, Czech-American pianist;
1812
Alexander Hamilton Stephens, U.S. polit-
a child prodigy, noted especially for his
interpretation of Beethoven.
ical leader, lawyer; Vice-President of the
Confederacy during U.S. Civil War., 1861-
1917
Sidney Sheldon, U.S. author; wrote The
65. [d. March 4, 1883]
Other Side of Midnight, 1973 and Rage of
1833
Melville Weston Fuller, U.S. lawyer; eighth
Angels, 1980.
Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. [d.
1920
Faruk I (or Farouk), King of Egypt, 1936-
July 4, 1910)
52; abdicated after a coup led by Gamal
1839
Josiah Willard Gibbs, U.S. physicist; con-
Abdel Nasser. [d. March 18, 1965)
sidered to be the greatest American theo-
1921
Lloyd Millard Bentsen, Jr., U.S. politician,
retical scientist up to his time. [d. April 28,
businessman; U.S. Senator, 1971- ; Vice Pres-
1903]
idential candidate, 1988.
1847
Thomas Alva Edison U.S. inventor; with
Eva Gabor, Hungarian actress; known for
over 1000 patents to his credit, including
her starring role on television series, Green
the electric light bulb, the phonograph,
Acres, 1965-71.
and an early version of the movie camera,
1925
he is the archetypical inventor. [d. October
Kim Stanley (Patricia Kimberly Reid), U.S.
18, 1931]
actress.
1863
John Fitzgerald (Honey Fitz), U.S. news-
Virginia E. Johnson, U.S. psychologist;
paper publisher, banker, insurance broker.
wrote Human Sexual Response, with her
[d. October 2, 1950)
husband, William Masters, 1966.
1898
Leo Szilard, U.S. physicist; developed first
1926
Paul Bocuse, French chef; wrote Paul Bo-
method of separating isotopes of radioac-
cuse's French Cooking.
tive elements. [d. May 30, 1964)
Leslie Nielsen, U.S. actor.
116
U.S. (Michigan) White Shirt Day
St. Lucius, Bishop of Adrianople and martyr. [d. 350]
Observed as a day of
St. Lazarus, Bishop of Milan. [d. c. 450]
recognition of the dignity of
St. Gobnet, virgin. [d. 5th cent.]
work and the anniversary of the
St. Severinus, abbot. [d. 507]
1937 sit-down strike in Flint,
St. Caedmon, monk. The Father of English Sacred
Michigan.
Poetry. [d. c. 680]
Vatican City
Anniversary of Lateranensi
St. Benedict of Aniane, abbot. [d. 821]
State
Commemorates the
independence of the State of
St. Paschal I, Pope; elected Bishop of Rome 817. [d.
Vatican City and the
824]
recognition of the sovereignty of
Feast of the Appearing of Our Lady at Lourdes,
the Holy See, established by the
celebrating the appearances of the Virgin to Berna-
Lateran Treaty, 1929.
dette Soubirous, her sister, and a friend at a grotto in
Lourdes, France, 1858. Optional Memorial.
Religious Calendar
The Saints
St. Saturninus, priest, St. Dativus, senator, and
other martyrs. [d. 304]
1936
Burt Reynolds, U.S. actor, director.
1873
King Amadeo I of Spain abdicates and
Spain is declared a republic.
1937
Tina Louise (Tina Blacker), U.S. actress;
known for her role as Ginger on television
1875
Boston University in Massachusetts,
series, Gilligan's Island, 1964-67.
National University in Greece, and Royal
University in Italy reach an agreement to
1941
Sergio Mendes, Brazilian musician.
form the first joint American-European
study program.
Historical Events
1922
Honduras is declared an independent re-
1573
Sir Francis Drake of England first views
public.
the Pacific Ocean.
1929
Lateran Treaty between Italy and the Ho-
1730
Peter II of Russia dies and is succeeded
ly See is made, establishing Vatican City as
by Anna, daughter of Ivan V.
a separate, independent Papal state.
1755
Severndroog and other strongholds on
1945
Yalta Conference ends (see February 4).
the coast of India are taken by British
1963
The first black-controlled television station
forces, providing for the establishment of
begins broadcasting in Washington, D.C.
the British Empire in India.
1965
People's Republic of China and Algeria
1768
Massachusetts Circular Letter is sent to
sign an agreement providing for Chinese
assemblies of 12 other American colonies
military aid to Algeria.
denouncing the Townshend Acts of Great
Britain.
1970
Japan launches its first satellite into orbit
from Uchinoura.
1809
Robert Fulton receives a patent for his
steamboat invention.
1971
Representatives from 63 countries sign a
pact banning nuclear weapons testing on
1810
Napoleon marries Maria-Luisa of Aus-
the ocean floor.
tria.
1975
Margaret Thatcher becomes head of
1826
London University is chartered.
Great Britain's Conservative Party, the first
1836
Mount Holyoke Seminary, the first U.S.
woman to ever head a political party in
college for women, is founded in South
Britain.
Hadley, Massachusetts.
Col. Richard Ratsimandrava, President of
(Continues. .)
117
the Malagasy Republic, is assassinated in
the capital city of Tananarive.
1976
Popular Movement for the Liberation of
Angola is recognized by the Organization
for African Unity.
1979
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini establishes
an Islamic government in Iran.
1986
Anatoly Shcharansky and three other dis-
sidents are allowed to leave the Soviet Union
in exchange for five Eastern-bloc spies.
1988
Ethnic Armenians, advocating a reunifica-
tion of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous
Region with the Armenian Republic, dem-
onstrate in the Soviet city of Stepanakert.
The event touches off two weeks of violence
between Soviet troops, Armenian protes-
tors, and the area's Moslem majority.
118
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
Document No.
Subject/Title of Document
Date
Restriction
Class.
and Type
01. Paper
"Turkey: An Overview." (8 pp.)
n.d.
P-1, (b)(1)
Collection:
Record Group:
Bush Presidential Records
Office:
Speechwriting, White House Office of
Series:
Speech File, Backup
Subseries:
WHORM Cat.:
File Location:
Prime Minister Demirel [Turkey] Departure 2/11/92
Date Closed:
11/19/2004
OA/ID Number:
07568
FOIA/SYS Case #:
Re-review Case #:
2004-2265-S
P-2/P-5 Review Case #:
MR Case #:
Appeal Case #:
MR Disposition:
Appeal Disposition:
Disposition Date:
Disposition Date:
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Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
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(b)(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
(b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
(b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
(b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
(b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
(b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of
(b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
(b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
instant almanae of Guents
February
February
49
1898, Augsburg, Germany; singer Leontyne Price, Laurel, Miss.;
actress Dame Judith Anderson, Adelaide, Australia.
actress Mrs.
Rusk 1909,
Quotation of the day:
23, Dublin;
"The impersonal hand of government can never replace the helping
Lee 1914,
hand of a neighbor."-Hubert H. Humphrey, February 10, 1965
FEBRUARY 11
Churchill,
National Science Youth Day-observed on birthday of Thomas A.
Edison as part of National Electrical Week (see Variable Dates
in February)
Zodiac sign for the day: Aquarius, the water boy.
Zodiac birthstone for the day: Garnet.
The day in history:
1812-Governor Elbridge Gerry of Massachusetts devised redistrict-
ing with the state legislature to create artificial districts favoring his
all Canada
party; although practice was not new, it was given his name, as
ssippi except
"gerrymander."
in North
1861-President-elect Abraham Lincoln left Springfield, III. to go to
Washington for his inauguration the following month.
midget,
1889-U.S. Department of Agriculture was raised to Cabinet status
arren in New
and first Secretary, Norman J. Coleman, took office.
1929-Roman Catholic Church and Italian government of Benito
of Paris)
Mussolini signed Lateran Treaties which recognized Vatican City as
hish-American
independent state and ended status of Pope as "prisoner of the
Vatican."
telegram,
in
1968-New Madison Square Garden, third to bear the name, opened
in New York.
Germans
The day's birthdays:
Germany.
(See February
Inventor Thomas Alva Edison 1847, Milan, Ohio; boxer Max Baer
1909, Omaha, Neb.; writer Joseph. Mankiewicz 1909, Wilkes-Barre,
(Presidential
Pa.; King Farouk of Egypt 1920, Cairo.
Quotation of the day:
"The people are the masters."-Edmund Burke, February 11, 1780
Allen White
FEBRUARY 12
Tilden 1893,
New York;
Lincoln's Birthday-Holiday in some states marks Abraham Lincoln's
Bertolt Brecht
birth in 1809, in Hardin (Larue) county, Ky.
The almanac of Dates
Russia signed a peace treaty with Finland, Hun-
gary, Rumania, and Bulgaria
Malta)
U.S. signed a peace treaty with Hungary, Bul-
St. Benedict,
garia, and Rumania
voked against
1954
U.S. farm surpluses decreed unsalable to Com-
munist countries
indenberg died
1960
Cardinal Stepinac, Primate of Yugoslavia, died
having reigned
1961
Niagara Falls hydroelectric project began pro-
ccupied his
ducing power
1962
Gary Powers, U-2 pilot and convicted spy,
CO
traded to U.S. by USSR for Rudolf
Mary, Queen of
Abel, their spy
ed
1964
Australian destroyer Voyager involved in a
a by Indians
Pacific collision
E Orange, ruler
1971
Apollo 14 splashed back from the moon
1973
An earthquake rocked Colima, Mexico
ured the pirate
1932, 1937, 2016, 2027, 2100 Ash Wednesday
1948, 1959, 1970, 2032, 2043, 2054, 2065 Shrove
ah, Georgia
Tuesday
at the Peace of
French and Indian
February 11th
Japanese Founding Day
ed Albert of
Feast of St. Cecilia, a sufferer in Africa
during the persecution of Dio-
e, ceased pub-
cletian
660 BC
Jimmu became ruler of Japan
ne C. McIntosh
731 AD
Pope Gregory II died
821
St. Benedict of Aniane died (Feast Day)
ted to offspring
824
St. Paschal I, Pope, died
tizens)
1115
Holy Roman Empire's army defeated at Welfesholz
n
1252
Ottakar II, King of Bohemia, married Mar-
tion founded
garet, widow of King Henry VII of
Germany
1398
The English translation of De proprietatibus
sman, born
rerum encyclopedia completed
1466
Elizabeth of York, wife and queen of Henry VII,
y
King of England, born
lish surgeon,
1503
Elizabeth of York, queen to Henry VII of England,
died
ist, born
1531
English clergy henceforth to regard the ruler
antmen as warships
as the head of the church
assin" (of Arme-
1554
Lady Jane Grey, claimant to the English throne,
Turkey, died
beheaded
or, died
1628
Special tax levied in England for a fleet to
ed
defend against the French
mountain-
1802
Lydia Child, novelist-abolitionist, born
1815
News of peace with England reached New York
Wiggs and the Cab-
(War of 1812)
1828
DeWitt Clinton, New York governor, died
th Britain, U.S.,
1847
Thomas A. Edison, inventor, born
1858
Bernadette had her first vision of Our Lady of
Lourdes
1879
Honoré Daumier, French artist, died
1832
Ecuador
1881
Phoenix, Arizona, incorporated as a city
1834
Bangor,
1887
The Epoch, a literary magazine, founded in
1849
Chicago,
New York
1893
Naronic vanished having left Liverpool for
1869
Start of
New York
1895
Georgetown became part of Washington, D.C.
1873
Gold dol
1901
1875
Meteorit
Milan Obrenovic IV, deposed king of Serbia,
1880
John L.
died
1907
Colorado River flow to Salton Sink again closed
1884
Alice Le
1908
Sir Vivian Fuchs, Antarctic explorer, born
1885
German E
1909
Max Baer, boxer, born
1916
Bandelier National Monument established
1904
Ted Mack
1920
First business session of the League of
1906
Island C
1907
Larchmor
Nations met (London)
Naval limits treaty signed by U.S., England,
1908
National
1922
France, Italy, and Japan
Opening of Tutankhamen's mummy began
1912
Republic
1927
1915
Corners
1929
Vatican City, Rome, became a sovereign state
1945
Yalta Conference ended
1919
DePalma
1948
Meteorite landed near Norton, Kansas
1965
Titan-3A rocket launched for testing
1948, 1959, 1970, 2032, 2043, 2054, 2065 Ash Wednesday
1929
Lily La:
1902, 1964, 1975, 1986, 1997, 2059, 2070, 2081 Shrove
1932
Princes
1953
Earthqu
Tuesday
1961
Venus P
Sputnik
1971
James C
February 12th
1902, 1964, 1975
Feast of St. Julian the Hospitaller (patron of
violinists, jugglers, clowns,
1907, 1918, 1929
shepherds, pilgrims, hotel-keepers,
ferrymen, travelers needing
lodging)
Feast of St. Marina, female monk
February 13th
Feast of the Seven Founders
Ides o:
1111 AD
Henry V, uncrowned Holy Roman Emperor, kidnapped
1014 AD
King S
the Pope
1476
French
1242
Henry VII, King of Germany, died
King James I of Scotland married Jane Beaufort
1566
St. Au
1424
Ivan t:
1541
Santiago, Chile, founded
1570
1542
Catherine Howard, 5th wife of England's King
Henry VIII, beheaded
1590
St. Ka
1736
Maria Theresa of Austria married Francis of
1619
Peace
Lorraine
Charles VII crowned Holy Roman Emperor
1633
Galile
1742
1771
King Adolphus Frederick of Sweden died
Louisa Johnson Adams, wife of John Quincy, 6th
1635
First
1775
President of the U.S., born
1660
King C
1668
Spain
1789
Ethan Allen, American patriot, died
Times and Patowmack Packet, first Washington,
D.C. newspaper, founded
1683
Giovan
1809
Charles Darwin, naturalist, born
Abraham Lincoln, 16th President, born
July 19 / Administration of George Bush, 1991
Administration of George Bush, 1991 / July 20
bers of the Greek Armed Forces, a key
ted to helping Greece maintain its ability to
member of our coalition. Greece stood with
perform its vital NATO missions. Greece
served as the U.S. Ambassador to the Re-
Remarks at the Arrival Ceremony in
us from the very first moments of Desert
can be certain that U.S. support will remain
public of Mali. He served in various posi-
Ankara, Turkey
Shield to the final victory in Desert Storm.
steadfast and strong.
tions at the State Department and in the
July 20, 1991
And we are very grateful to each and every
So, once again, may I thank you for your
Foreign Service, 1965-1981.
one of you.
warm welcome, and for your service to the
Mr. Borg graduated from Dartmouth Col-
President Ozal and Prime Minister
Flying in today, looking down as we came
cause of peace. And, may I say, may God
lege (A.B., 1961) and Cornell University
Yilmaz, Your Excellencies, my friends. Bar-
in over Souda Bay put me in mind of my
bless the U.S. Navy, the Greek Navy, those
(M.P.A., 1965). He was born May 25, 1939,
bara and I are very grateful for this gener-
own Navy days many, many years ago. But
who serve aboard Limnos and De Wert.
in Minneapolis, MN. Mr. Borg is married,
ous reception and for the chance to be here
how things have changed dramatically and,
And now I would like to hand the Com-
I might add, for the better. I mentioned a
has three children, and resides in Washing-
in Turkey. Having heard all our lives about
manding Officer Nikitiadis of the Limnos a
ton, DC.
moment ago my visit to Limnos. Let me
Turkish hospitality, I can say just from this
small token: it's the flag of the Commander
speak to the crew-officers and crew of the
initial impression that reports of its warmth
in Chief of the United States Armed Forces.
U.S.S. De Wert. Daring, dauntless, defiant.
have not been exaggerated.
And I'm delighted to hand it to you, sir, in
That is your motto the proud legacy of De
Thirty-two years ago when President Ei-
commemoration of this visit.
Wert carries with it wherever she sails. And
senhower visited Turkey, he was greeted by
Thank you all very much. Thank you.
it's a special pleasure to meet you all here,
A Souda Bay crowd here. I wish I could
Nomination of James F. Dobbins To Be
a. roaring crowd and thousands hailed him
so far from home and hearth, to bring you
United States Representative to the
in the streets, cheering not merely America
stay a while.
on behalf of friends and family, on behalf of
but also our shared values and ideals. One
European Community With the Rank
all Americans, a nation's heartfelt thanks.
sign in particular touched him. It read:
Note: The President spoke at 12:25 p.m. at
of Ambassador
A larger task unites the De Wert and the
"Welcome to your second home." And
Limnos and the two nations they represent.
the Souda Bay naval facility. In his Te-
July 19, 1991
today I already feel as President Eisenhow-
And 2,000 years ago, Thucydides wrote:
marks, he referred to Prime Minister Con-
er did, that Turkey is a second home. And I
"Freedom, if we hold fast to it, will ulti-
stantinos Mitsotakis of Greece and Constan-
The President today announced his inten-
say that not merely because of your famed
mately restore our losses. But submission
tinos Nikitiadis, commanding officer of the
tion to nominate James F. Dobbins, of New
hospitality but because of these common
will mean the permanent loss of all that we
Greek naval ship "Limnos." A tape was not
York, a career member of the Senior For-
ideals and interests. Turkish-American
value. To you who call yourselves men of
available for verification of the content of
eign Service, Class of Minister-Counselor, as
friendship reaches back as far as the late
these remarks.
peace, I say you are not safe unless you
Representative of the United States of
18th century. And we forged close ties
have men of action at your side." And
America to the European Communities,
through trade and commerce, military co-
today, just as these two ships are moored
with the rank and status of Ambassador Ex-
operation, and above all, a vision expressed
stern to stern, so, too, the key to keeping
traordinary and Plenipotentiary. He would
by your great leader, Ataturk, that the
our nations secure remains the Atlantic alli-
Nomination of Parker W. Borg To Be
succeed Thomas Michael Tolliver Niles.
voice of the government must speak the
ance.
United States Ambassador to Burma
Currently Mr. Dobbins serves as Acting
words of its people.
I am pleased to announce today, during
July 19, 1991
Assistant Secretary of State for European
And recently, Mr. President, your people
this visit, a series of initiatives designed to
and Canadian Affairs at the Department of
proved that friendship anew, or as the
strengthen U.S. Greek security and to help
The President today announced his inten-
State in Washington, DC. Prior to this he
Turkish proverb says: Good friends become
modernize the Greek Armed Forces. First,
tion to nominate Parker W. Borg, of Minne-
served as Principal Deputy Assistant Secre-
apparent on black days.
I have expressed to Prime Minister Mitsota-
sota, a career member of the Senior For-
tary of State for European and Canadian
When Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait,
kis our readiness to lease your country two
eign Service, Class of Minister-Counselor, to
Affairs, 1989-1991; Minister and Deputy
Turkey acted courageously to ensure that
Knox-class frigates for the Hellenic Navy.
be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipo-
Chief of Mission in the U.S. Embassy in
aggression would not stand. And as the
Secondly, we will accelerate the delivery of
tentiary of the United States of America to
10 F4-E aircraft to Greece this summer,
Bonn, Germany, 1985-1989; Deputy Assist-
whole world knows, the international coali-
the Union of Burma (Myanmar). He would
ant Secretary of State for European Affairs,
tion could not have achieved the liberation
with an additional 18 to follow in the
succeed Burton Levin.
1982-1985; and Director of the Office of
of Kuwait without Turkey's pivotal contri-
autumn. And finally, we plan to transfer to
Since 1989 Mr. Borg has served as Princi-
Theater Military Policy in the Politico-Mili-
butions. Because we were resolute against
Greece, from existing NATO stocks, a large
pal Deputy Assistant Secretary for the
number of tanks and artillery that will
Bureau of International Narcotics Matters at
tary Bureau at the Department of State,
naked aggression, our nations stand togeth-
1981-1982. Mr. Dobbins served in various
er now at the dawning of a new world
measurably increase Greece's defensive ca-
the Department of State. Prior to this Mr.
order.
pabilities.
Borg served as Deputy and Acting Coordi-
capacities at the State Department and in
Over the next 2 days in Ankara and his-
Each of these steps reaffirms our close
nator at the Bureau of International Com-
the Foreign Service, 1967-1981.
toric Istanbul, Mr. President, I would like to
and critical defense relationship with our
munications and Information Policy at the
Mr. Dobbins graduated from the George-
discuss our future with you, your Prime
valued NATO ally, Greece. Our support for
Department of State, 1987-1989; as a senior
town University School of Foreign Service
Minister and with the Turkish people. We'll
Greek security will not waver.
fellow at the Center for Strategic and Inter-
(BSFS, 1963). He was born May 31, 1942, in
talk of regional disputes, environmental
Greece remains a valued ally, and our
national Studies, 1986-1987; and Deputy to
New York, NY. Mr. Dobbins served in the
challenges, and Turkey's economic reforms,
friendship with Greece remains part of our
the Director of the Office for Counterter-
U.S. Navy, 1963-1967. He is married, has
reforms that have helped you build a foun-
destiny. The United States remains commit-
rorism, 1984-1986. From 1981 to 1984 he
two children, and resides in Washington,
dation for lasting prosperity. And here let
DC.
us strengthen our developing strategic rela-
1006
1007
Administration of George Bush, 1991 / July 20
July 20 / Administration of George Bush, 1991
tionship by agreeing to closer consultations
on the peace and stability of Europe and
quadripartite meeting I suggested recently,
The President's News Conference With
on the vital political issues we face, building
the world.
to be held in accordance with the political
Turkish President Turgut Ozal in
These call for a deepening of our political
equality of the two Cypriot parties, could
expanded security ties, and establishing a
Ankara, Turkey
dialog. We agreed that while the recent de-
provide the much-needed turning point.
much more vigorous economic dialog.
July 20, 1991
velopments in the European security envi-
In summary, ladies and gentlemen of the
But let us not stop there. Let us broaden
ronment allow for a more effective pursuit
press, this has been a most fruitful visit. I
contacts between the Turkish and Ameri-
President Ozal. Ladies and gentlemen,
of dialog and cooperation as a means for
hope and pray that what we, as the heads of
can people so that, in science and medicine,
having just completed the main part of our
enhancing security, an adequate defense
state of our countries, have set out to ac-
the environment and education, technology
talks which covered a wide range of issues,
posture is still an essential element in facing
complish today will be for the good of our
and trade, culture and human rights, we
President Bush and I are now ready to face
prevailing uncertainties and instabilities.
nations and constitute a milestone in our
might understand each other better and
what might turn out to be the most delicate
Accordingly, the United States has a keen
longstanding ties.
strengthen the bonds that connect us.
part of our program: taking on the press.
interest in the modernization of Turkish
Thank you.
And as I've just come from Greece, let's
[Laughter] I will now make a short intro-
Armed Forces.
President Bush. Thank you, Mr. Presi-
talk about ways of building a path to peace
ductory statement, which I believe will be
On the economic front, we both believe
dent. And I'm in Turkey to pay my respects
on Cyprus and making possible the recon-
followed by one of President Bush later. We
that free trade should be the driving force
to this great nation with which my country
ciliation between Turkey and Greece.
will be glad to take your questions.
in our commercial ties and that there is a
has been so close for so many years.
For 40 years, Turkey's been an integral
As your background briefs probably note,
need for enhancing and diversifying our
President Özal and I have had excellent
part of the West. And recently, you've
this is the second visit to Turkey by an
economic relations through increased and
talks today. He is a courageous leader who
helped the Iron Curtain fall from Eastern
balanced trade and greater United States
American President, and the first one since
has gained great credit and stature for
Europe, spurring democracy abroad, just as
investments and joint ventures in Turkey.
1959. This alone makes President Bush's
Furthermore, we are convinced that the
Turkey in the world. And I was also
you've worked hard to build it at home. I
presence an honor and historic occasion. On
scope of our relations would be incomplete
pleased, if I might say so, to meet at his
firmly believe the years ahead will lead to
a personal basis, my wife and I are particu-
house, his residence, with Turkey's very im-
if cooperation areas such as education, sci-
even stronger and broader U.S.-Turkish ties,
larly happy to be able to reciprocate the
ence, health, technology, and culture are
pressive, new young Prime Minister Mesut
and we look forward to laying the founda-
warm hospitality that was accorded to us by
Yilmaz, and I want to thank him over here
neglected. The strategic dimension that our
tions for the future by maintaining the alli-
President and Mrs. Bush during our visit to
for the time he gave me for fruitful talks as
relations have already reached and the
ance that has served us so well..
the United States.
well.
agenda we have set for the future necessi-
A Turkish proverb reads: A shared cup of
You all know that during the recent
tate arrangements for an institutional
We value Turkey's NATO partnership, its
coffee results in 40 years of memories. Well,
months President Bush and myself consult-
commitment to democracy, and its integral
framework which will enable us to monitor
Mr. President, our conversations can result
ed each other frequently, and on occasions,
the progress that we hope to achieve.
position in the Western community. And
in deeds and dreams that literally will in-
almost daily. Although these consultations
This is why we have decided to set up a
Turkey played a critical role, as we all
spire future generations. So, over the next 2
dealt with the immediate concern of those
permanent mechanism for consultations
know, in the international coalition that lib-
days in your great country, let's have no
days, they nevertheless underline the unity
which will bring together our high level
erated Kuwait, valiantly serving our
fear, as Ataturk said, of speaking the truth.
of course and parallelism of approach be-
officials on a regular basis. Different
common interests in a lawful international
tween our two countries. During my last
groups-each asked to deal with a different
order and a stable region.
Indeed, let's use the truth to attain the
field of cooperation-will meet as needed,
President Ozal and Mr. Prime Minister,
stable peace and greater prosperity that this
visit to the United States, we had intense
nation, this region, and our world deserve.
discussions in the relaxed atmosphere and
but at least once a year, and work to fur-
thank you for today's work. Both of us
And again, sir, to my friend, the Presi-
seclusion of Camp David. There we came
ther our ties. A steering group cochaired by
agreed-all three of us agreed today to
dent, let me thank you for this magnificent
to recognize that our longstanding relations
the under secretaries of the Turkish For-
build a new strategic relationship based on
reception. To all the officials of the Turkish
and cooperation have reached strategic di-
eign Ministry and the U.S. State Depart-
closer political, security, and, yes, economic
Government and the court and all the lead-
ment will be created to monitor and report
links.
mensions which offered our nations real
the progress achieved. This group will meet
In this spirit, the United States supports
ers here today, thank you, too. And may
possibilities. We decided that we should
God bless your great country, and ours, the
work together and turn these possibilities
twice a year.
Turkey's military modernization, including
United States of America, as well. Thank
into lasting benefits.
As you might expect, we also discussed
its 160-plane F-16 development program.
the question of Cyprus. I confirmed that
And we have pledged to expand our trade
you.
Today we went further on these issues.
We noted that the friendship and coopera-
Turkey is fully committed to a negotiated
and investment-a point very important to
tion that exists between our two countries
settlement mutually acceptable to the Turk-
both countries-and to develop new ave-
Note: President Bush spoke at 11:02 a.m.
ish Cypriot and the Greek Cypriot peoples
nues of cooperation in a lot of fields: educa-
not only serve our interest on the bilateral
level but also constitute an essential ele-
of the island; and that political equality, bi-
tion, environment, science and technology,
upon arrival at Esenboga Airport. In his
commonality, bizonality, and the mainte-
medicine, and others.
remarks, he referred to President Turgut
ment of the broader partnership between
Ozal and Prime Minister Mesut Yilmaz of
the United States and Europe as a whole.
nance of Turkey's effective guarantee are
And finally, I believe that an opportunity
Turkey; Kemal Ataturk, founder of the
It's clear that Turkey's taking its rightful
essential to a just and viable peace there.
may exist for progress on the Cyprus prob-
modern Turkish Republic; and President
I emphasize that U.N. Security Council
lem. And the United States is committed to
place in Europe in integration will have im-
Saddam Hussein of Iraq. A tape was not
Resolution 649 provided the necessary
support the efforts of the U.N. Secretary-
portant implications on the stability of re-
framework for such a settlement. And that
General in whatever way we can. And I'm
available for verification of these remarks.
gions neighboring Turkey and, ultimately,
1009
1008
July 9, 1991
MEMORANDUM FOR TONY SNOW
FROM:
JENNIFER GROSSMAN
SUBJECT:
MORE BACKGROUND ON TURKISH-GREEK RELATIONS AND
TURKEY'S GEOSTRATEGIC PERSPECTIVE
The following are excerpts from a paper by Ali Karaosmanoglu,
a member of the Foreign Policy Institute (Ankara) and the Social
Studies Foundation (Istanbul).
"Turkey defines its security options within three interacting
strategic environments: the global system, implying mainly
Turkey's position as regards the Soviet Union and the United
States; its bilateral relations with Greece, involving mainly
Cyprus and the Aegean; and its position within the Middle East
subsystem."
"After the Second World War, Turkey's freedom of choice was
strictly limited by the Soviet threat and by the bipolar and
heterogenous character of the international system."
"In those years there was a high degree of coincidence between
American and Turkish security interests."
"The last two decades have drastically altered the framework
within which Turkish policy operates."
"In the 1960s and 1970s the circumstances which had induced
Turkey to link its security interests completely with those
of the United States underwent significant changes. In this
period, Turkey's ties with the United States were steadily
reduced. A number of specific political irritants played a
role. The first was President Johnson's blunt letter to Prime
Minister Inonu in June 1964, warning that Turkey was not
permitted to use U.S. military equipment in an operation
against Cyprus."
"The most recent indication of improving relations between
Washington and Ankara is the considerable increase in U.S.
assistance to Turkey proposed last February by the Reagan
Administration."
"The disputes between Greece and Turkey -- especially those
over Cyprus and the Aegean, two critical strategic areas from
Turkey's security standpoint -- constitute an important factor
contributing to the erosion of NATO's southern flank."
"The first and probably most urgent problem concerns the
methods of settlement of the Cyprus conflict. For Turkey,
intercommunal talks constitute the only valid procedure for
reaching a mutually acceptable and lasting settlement in
Cyprus. Greece does not seem to have adopted this approach.
It rather favors the internationalization of the conflict,
drawing in especially the nonaligned nations, the European
Community, and both superpowers."
"Turkey believes that bilateral negotiations would be best for
the Aegean as well. Because of the Special circumstances of
that sea, an equitable solution to the existing problems can
be found only through such negotiations. Greece again rejects
this approach, and favors the automatic application of the
equidistance principle as in the continental shelf case."
"It should be noted that this Greek dislike for negotiated
settlement has been accentuated since Andreas Papandreou came
to power. The present Greek government has asserted that
Turkey is a security threat, and has demanded from NATO and
the United States "guarantees" to protect Greece from its
fellow Alliance member. NATO and the United States have not
accepted the view that Turkey menaces Greece, and have refused
the Greek demand for guarantees."
"The Turkish perception of Greek-Turkish problems is
traditionally more moderate than the Greek one.'
"The Republic of Turkey, founded on Kemalist principles, had
to eliminate the theocratic remnants of the Ottoman Empire and
to develop a secular political structure. Thus, despite its
religious and historic affinity with the nations of the Middle
East, modern Turkey preferred not to show much interest in the
region and especially in the Arab world, although it tried to
maintain friendly relations with all its neighbors."
"After the Second World War, options being strictly limited,
Turkey approached the Arab world from the unidimensional
perspective of East-West tension."
"Turkey's relations with its West European allies were much
more intimate than its contacts with Middle Eastern countries-
-and Ankara's lack of interest in the Middle East was
misinterpreted by the Arab nations as an unfriendly attitude.
MEMORANDUM
TO:
Ms. JENNIFER GROSSMAN;
FROM:
DR. HEATH W. LOWRY, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, INSTITUTE OF
TURKISH STUDIES, INC., WASHINGTON, D.C.;
REG.
POSSIBLE ANECDOTAL INPUT FOR PRESIDENT BUSH'S TURKEY
TRIP;
DATE:
JULY 2, 1991.
PURSUANT TO OUR TELEPHONE CONVERSATION THE FOLLOWING IDEAS
COME TO MIND WHICH MAY BE OF SOME USE. HERE GOES:
A) TURKS ARE JUSTIFIABLY PROUD OF THEIR WELL-DESERVED
REPUTATION FOR HOSPITALITY. CONSEQUENTLY, ANY REFERENCES
THE PRESIDENT MIGHT MAKE IN THAT REGARD, E.G., "HAVING
HEARD ALL MY LIFE ABOUT THE GRACIOUSNESS OF TURKISH HOSPIL
TALITY, I AM NOW IN A POSITION TO STATE.....")
3) LIKEWISE, TURKS ARE PROUD OF THEIR CUISINE. IN THIS
REGARD, THE PRESIDENT MIGHT SAY: "HAVING LONG HEARD THAT
THERE ARE THREE GREAT CUISINES IN THE WORLD: FENCH, CHINESE
AND TURKISH, I AM AT LONG LAST FULLY AWARE OF THE RESSON
TURKISH CUISINE IS INCLUDED IN THIS LIST)
c) TURKISH IS A LANGUAGE RICH IN PROVERBS. HERE ARE A
FEW RELATING TO HOSPITALITY AND THE TREATMENT OF GURSTS
WHICH MIGHT BE APPROPRIATE FOR INCLUSION IN AFTER-DINNER
TOASTS:
"A SHARED CUP OF COFFEE RESULTS IN FORTY YEARS OF
(2)
IS there a
MEMORIES! THAT IS: HOSPITALITY IS REMEMBERED FOR
A
LONG TIME;
joke
this
D) ON PRESIDENT OZAL'S SUPPORT DURING THE GULF CRISIS
THERE IS A PARTICULARLY APPROPRIATE TURKISH SAYING WHICH
THE PRESIDENT MIGHT USE IN TURKISH (THIS ALWAYS WORKS PAR-
TICULARLY WELL WITH A TURKISH AUDIENCE:
"IYI DOST KARA GUNDE BELLI OLUR" (PRONOUNCED AS WRITTEN):
GOOD FRIENDS BECOME APPARENT ON BLACK DAYS"
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
February 11, 1992
REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT
AND PRIME MINISTER DEMIREL UPON DEPARTURE
The South Grounds
1:30 P.M. EST
THE PRESIDENT: Mr. Prime Minister, it's been a great
pleasure to meet with a man whose career embodies a devotion to
democracy and human rights. And seven times the people of Turkey
have sent you to serve as Prime Minister -- an office that you've
served often with daring, always with dignity. And you've been a
great European statesman. And you remain a spokesman for change.
No wonder you said when we met last summer, "I'm going
to be Prime Minister.' And your devotion to your people has been
returned by their confidence in you. And for me, it was a pleasure
to welcome you back to the Oval Office that you first visited 37 --
PRIME MINISTER DEMIREL: -- years ago.
PRESIDENT BUSH: Thirty-seven or --
PRIME MINISTER DEMIREL: Yes, 37.
PRESIDENT BUSH: Thirty-seven years ago when President
Eisenhower was in that very special office.
Barbara and I will never forget our trip to Turkey last
year. And I recall especially the magic of Istanbul, the minarets of
the Blue Mosque, the splendor of the beautiful palace, the boats that
graced the Straits of the Bosporous, the lights that lit up the
Asian and European parts of the city -- their skyline a lovely
silhouette against the night.
And I marveled at this country which spans two
continents, just as the friendship between our countries spans two
centuries. Today, as the Prime Minister and I mapped our path toward
the future, we spoke of friendship and how it nurtures the ties
between our peoples. Perhaps Kemal Ataturk said it best: "Nations
are bound more by sentiments than by treaties."
Turkey is indeed a friend, a partner of the United
States. And it's also a model to others -- especially those newly-
independent republics of Central Asia. In a region of changing
tides, it endures as a beacon of stability. And so I repeat what I
told the Prime Minister: The United States will support its friend
-- in its territorial integrity, its sovereignty and stability,
particularly in its war against terrorism.
And we're going to work together to fortify the enhanced
partnership which both links and lifts our nations. The pillars
included: trade, diplomacy, NATO and CSCE membership, and a shared
commitment to justice and human rights. And last year in the Gulf,
in the Persian Gulf, we joined to face aggression and then faced
aggression down.
We're going to continue to work through the United
Nations to see that all Iragi citizens get the food and medicine they
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need -- and the peace and liberty they deserve in an Iraq free of
Saddam's tyranny.
Today, we spoke of a world reborn through the Cold War's
death of the plight of the new republics emerging from the old
Soviet Union. Already, Turkey and the United States have joined
hands to feed mouths -- rushing goods through Project Hope to needy
friends in the Caucasus and Central Asia.
I wish to announce that our governments will expand that
cooperation in these new republics. We will seek new ways to help
our new friends secure their independence -- and move quickly and
peacefully to establish ties with the West.
Mr. Prime Minister, you once said, "Every question will
be answered - discussion will be open and free." And in that
spirit, we spoke of Turkey's importance to Europe, and I applauded
your government's commitment to improve relations with Greece. The
Prime Minister and I did talk about the Cyprus problem. We share the
objective of early negotiated settlement which will be both just and
lasting. And we agreed to give full support to the Good Offices
Mission of the United Nation's Secretary General and to work with the
other parties toward an agreement.
In closing, we've agreed to stay in touch -- personally
and officially -- at many levels of our governments. And we leave
with the faith that our talks have covered much ground, charted new
horizons.
The road toward progress may at times be difficult. It
need not be lonely. An old Turkish proverb reminds us, "A long
journey is shortened by good companions." So Mr. Prime Minister, let
us make that journey together, as we have before, and as we will
again. And may God bless the peoples of Turkiye, and the United
States of America. Welcome, sir.
PRIME MINISTER DEMIREL: Thank you, Mr. President.
We had substantive and constructive talks on a wide
range of issues of mutual interests. Turkey and the United States of
America share universal aspirations and values, such as democracy,
respect for human rights and the rule of law, tolerance, economic
liberty, and protection of the environment.
I am very much pleased, having had cordial talks with a
man who has proven his determination in this respect. His able
leadership and diplomatic skills contributed to the making of a new
world, and I'm sure will continue to do SO. Our longtime ally and
friend, the United States, takes its real power from its dedication
to democratic values and ideals, and that makes it a great nation and
a great country. From the Korean War to the Gulf crisis, Turkey and
the United States have been together in standing tall against
international aggression and adventurism. Ours was a voluntary
cooperation based on shared concerns for freedom and legitimacy.
That's why it has proven to be solid, lasting and fruitful.
Today, we are happy to witness the birth of an
international solidarity based on these values. Turkey and the
United States of America have stood together in a divided world in
defense of high values. In a united world, this partnership will
continue to be as crucial.
I discussed with President Bush the new dimensions that
Turkish-American relations will take in the making of a new world.
In an era of sweeping changes and uncertainties, when the ideas of
regional cooperation and solidarity based on democracy and the free
market are key to peace and prosperity, we are aware of our common
responsibilities. The coexistence of risks and opportunities is a
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challenge to be met collectively in an ever more rapidly shrinking
}
world.
In our part of the world, women and men, old and young,
are paying a high price for freedom. Turkey and the United States
have helped them and will continue to do so. After providing comfort
to the Kurds, Arabs -- fleeing Saddam's forces, we are now providing
hope for the newly-emerging independent nations in the former Soviet
Union.
For these two tremendous relief operations, cooperation
between all countries and the spirit of common survival and
international solidarity were indispensable. Turkey and the United
States have a proud record of extending a helping hand to those
fleeing persecution. Let us remember the Jews expelled from Spain
500 years ago and fleeing Europe during the Second World War, the
Northern Iraqis and many others who have come to Turkey and found
relief.
We will continue to resist any form of totalitarianism,
fundamentalism and racist nationalism. Democracy and freedom are
universal values that no widely embraced -- or region denies. Turkey
as a secular, pluralized democracy stands as an island of stability
in the midst of the troubled Middle East and the emerging family of
free and independent nations in the Balkans and the former Soviet
Union.
Being a European, Balkan, Black Sea, West Asian, Middle
Eastern and Mediterranean country all at once, we can easily
communicate with the peoples of these regions. It's an historical
chance that Turkey, with a democratic, secular and market-oriented
structure that happens to be situated in the very center of this
regional conglomerate we are aware of this challenge. We are
aware of the difficulties and responsibilities attached to it. And
we know we are not alone to face it.
I would like to emphasize that Turkey's primary
objective is to pursue a consistent and far-sighted foreign policy
that will encourage friendly relations with all. The peaceful
embrace of universal values will continue to dominate our foreign
policy. We firmly believe that all differences can be resolved
through sincere dialogue.
We have also reviewed the situation concerning the
Cyprus problem, where we have reaffirmed our shared commitment to the
goal of negotiated settlement through the Good Offices Mission of the
Secretary General of the United Nations, and pledged our continued
support for a just and lasting political solution to meet the
legitimate interests of the two communities on the island.
We are ready with an enhanced partnership for
multidimensional and diversified cooperation in every field with the
United States. Our close cooperation in forums such as CSCE and NATO
are strengthening the Euro-Atlantic link and contributing to the
making of a united Europe. We sincerely believe that the values we
share and defend will help us to have a sound, fruitful and mutually
beneficial partnership that will contribute to regional and global
peace and stability. Remember that Turks are friends for all
seasons.
I would like to conclude by thanking Mr. President and
Mrs. Bush for the exceptional hospitality shown to us during this
visit and by expressing my satisfaction with our comprehensive
discussions. Mr. President, we will go that journey together. Thank
you.
END
1:33 P.M. EST