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National League of Cities--Washington, D.C. 3/9/92 [OA 7569] [1]
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National League of Cities--Washington, D.C. 3/9/92 [OA 7569] [1]
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Records of the White House Office of Speechwriting (George H. W. Bush Administration)
Speech Backup Chronological Files
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Originally Processed With FOIA(s):
FOIA Number:
S
S
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
Library Staff.
Record Group/Collection:
George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
Collection/Office of Origin:
Speechwriting, White House Office of
Series:
Speech File Backup Files
Subseries:
Chron File, 1989-1993
OA/ID Number:
13802
Folder ID Number:
13802-001
Folder Title:
National League of Cities--Washington, D.C. 3/9/92 [OA 7569] [1]
Stack:
Row:
Section:
Shelf:
Position:
G
26
22
3
6
Event: Nat'l. League clitt
Date: 3-5-92
OFFICE OF PRESIDENTIAL ADVANCE
IN-TOWN EVENT CONTACT SHEET
Name
Office
Phone Number
Presidential Advance Office
456-7565
Presidential Advance Fax Number
456-2820
Kris Goodwin
WHAduance
456-7565
GARY GENShOWitz
Anthony Triplett
SPEECHWriting
456-7750
USSS/Lead
395-4011
Doug Furness
WHCA
395-4040
Scott RUSSELL
WHCA
395-4281
Kitty Oftearn
wash Helton
797-5775
NLC
626-3105
Rick SEGER
USSS/WFO PI
435-6600
JOHN HORTON
usss/Tech Security
301-763-4864
Mark Frantz
WH I
456-6597
Curistive Redies
nat (Leasue 20th
626-3017
John Hutchison
White House Advance - Press
456-7565
Jach McDougle
WH Advance Lead
456-7565
Juni Junyder
Apre asst lithe
456.6597
Carolaarhus
Ken Gongaware
WHCA
757-5190
Presidential Speechwriting
456-7750
(NACT ALBRIGHT
ASST DIR., SECURITY WHH
797-5800
BOB STEWARD
USSS/WFO sitz AdVANCe
435-6994
To GARY
Date March 6'92 Time 2:30p
WHILE YOU WERE OUT
M
Stephanie from
of dell Have Hanns office
Phone
Area Code
Number
Extension
TELEPHONED
PLEASE CALL
CALLED TO SEE YOU
WILL CALL AGAIN
WANTS TO SEE YOU
URGENT
RETURNED YOUR CALL
Message
It has been
over 40 years
P
Operator
AMPAD
EFFICIENCY®
23-021 CARBONLESS
DEIRDRE HAMILL
Sports now are part
Hoy se firmará
of U.S. drug culture
ambiental Méxic
You can't blame President
POR ROLDAN TRUJILLO
Bush for wanting to appear this
y CARLOS TORIO
afternoon with David Robinson
Reporteros Especiales
and his teammates at a West Side
dos U
facility where the Spurs have
El Estados Unidos George
"So
been involved in an anti-drug
ay De altra más que nunca se
que be
program.
con México para llegar a
miras
After all, Bush is a politician.
fem término el Tratado de Libre Comercio de
desde
We live in a society where the
estos dos paises con Canadá.
Maga!
Rick Casey
media rake a politician for
eveló tambil que CHIII DE ao erd
Par
allegations of one extramarital
am Mental eatre Estados fido
Trata
affair and lionize a basketball player who admits to
la cen of ciò los
dos U
hundreds or thousands of one-night stands.
CO, Cole Ed y
priva
Wheaties doesn't put politicians on its boxes. Ad
Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores de Venezue
y su h
executives know what sells and what doesn't.
la, Bush dijo que los paises avanzan a medida
La
So Bush, with less than two weeks left till Super
que se realiza una mayor apertura comercial.
maña
Tuesday, will be seen on network television not only
"Por ello estoy más comprometido que
donde
visiting with the presidents of five drug-riddled
ENTHUSIASTIC GREETING: President Bush wades into
nunca antes a concertar el Tratado de Libre
En
Latin American nations, but, more importantly, with
Comercio que reúne a México, Canada y Esta-
Please turn to CASEY/A7
the crowd at Kelly Air Force Base to shake hands.
Boy found guilty in cabdriver's murder
INDIANAL
finding the diminutive youngster guilty in the Sept. 21
As deputies struggled to make the handcuffs and
shackles small enough to be secure on the boy's slen-
BUSIN
By DAN KELLY
Staff reporter
9/21/91
cold-blooded murder of Curtis Edwards, a 33-year-old
Stocks
der 4-foot frame, his mother dabbed her eyes with a
CLAS
cabdriver.
tissue. The two did not look at each other as deputies
EDITS
A look of concern crept across the
In closing arguments, as the boy peeked almost
Viewp
face of a 12-year-old boy as District
playfully at the jury out of the corner of his eye, pros-
led the boy away.
LIGHT
Judge Andy Mireles read a jury's ver-
ecutor Gammon Guinn urged the jury not to be fooled
Today, the jury is scheduled to sentence the boy un-
METR
der a newly created weapon in the arsenal of the juve-
Blotie
dict Wednesday pronouncing the
by the boy's appearance.
youngster guilty of murder.
"He looks like a child, and, ladies and gentlemen,
nile justice system, determinate sentencing.
Death
be is a child, a child that kills a sick little monster
Under the law, the jury could sentence the boy to
Weatt
The jury of six men and six women-
Please tum to MURDER/A9
deliberated just over an hour before..
that could kill a man at 12 years old," Guinn said.
MURDER:
Amazing non
12-year-old
Crisp, Clear TV Rece
is-guilty
WITHOUT Cable!
MURDER/from A1
remain in the
custody. of the Texas Youth Com-
Until recently. the only
mission until he is 17, at which time
convenient way. to guarantee
he could be transferred immedi-
ately to the Texas Department of
great TV reception was to get
cable installed. But who wants
Corrections for up to 40 years.
Testimony during the trial re-
to pay those irritating monthly
vealed that Edwards had been dis-
cable fees just to get clear
patched to the home of the boy's 32-
reception? Now, thanks to years
year-old uncle in the 1600 block of
of micro-electronic research, a
BEFORE:
AFTER:
Burieson to pick up a fare.
new device has been developed
The boy and his uncle got into the
that's 80 advanced it actually
cab. The boy shot Edwards once in
makes other antennas a thing of
Just plug your
the back of the head killing him al-
the past. It's called the
Power Antennat
most instantly. Edwards' cab
SWEDA™ Power Antenna and is
into any ordinary
veered off the road and struck a
without doubt "the single most
outlet and watch
house.
important thing you should own
in amazement as
Neighbors said they saw the boy
if you have a TVI"
your entire house
stagger out of the cab and walk
turns Into a giant
over to a neighboring house calling
A PICTURE
TV reception
out for help. He then left the scene
station!
and was hospitalized later that eve-
OF ADVANCED
ning suffering head injuries.
TECHNOLOGY!
While In Southeast Baptist Hospi-
tal, the boy played "mind games"
imagine how effective that
with the nurses, refusing to remain
Just Imagine watching TV and
would be. But there's more,
In his bed unless they guessed what
seeing a picture so brilliantly
because Power Antenna takes
he had done eariler that evening.
clear that you'd almost swear
that signal and electronically
A dispute arose during the trial
you were there livel Just plug
boosts it before It gets to your
Wednesday when the boy's attor-
this tiny 2" X 4" Power Antenna
TV set. The results are amazin
ney, Andrew Logan, argued the
into any. ordinary AC outlet,
You can finally enjoy your
jury should not be allowed to hear
connect your TV and get ready
favorite prime time shows or
the testimony of hospital chaplain
for the best reception you've
sports events the way they
Charles Pollard.
ever had without cable. You'll
were meant to be watched.
Pollard said he went to the boy's
watch in amazement as YOUR
room two days after the shooting to
TV set suddenly displays a
try to calm the youth.
WHAT ABOUT MY
sharp, focused picture. You
"I was sitting on the bed talking
literally "won't believe your
TV "DISH" ANTENNA
to him." Pollard said. "He said if
eyes!" Even older TV sets sud-
the nurses would guess a secret he
denly come to life. The Power
Return It! Millions of these
had, he would stay in his bed."
Antenna Is so easy to Install, so
things have been sold in rece
Guinn said the secret the boy was
convenient to use, and 80 In-
years because people were 1
keeping was that he had shot Ed-
credibly effective that you'll
to believe they would work li'
wards. Earlier, nurses and a securi-
ty guard had testified the boy told
wonder how you ever got by
a satellite dish. The truth is Il
them he was not afraid of them.
without it!
they're no more effective the
rabbit-ears, a loop, or rod
that he had killed a man.
"At first It was more out of the
A THOUSAND
antenna - and people have
demeanor of I'm tough, I'm bad,"
FOOT ANTENNA?
been struggling with these
ESS
SW
Pollard testified. "Later,It was out
things for years! The Incred
of the demeanor of wanting to get
SWEDA Power Antenna
some direction in his life."
Power Antenna is a highly
makes everything else seen
"I object to all of this testimony,"
sophisticated electronic product
obsolete. Just plug It in and
Logan sald, during a hearing out.
(like a transistor radio) with a
watch It work. There's simp
side the presence of the jury.
simple function. It takes the
NOTHING ELSE better valu
"This was a privileged conversa-
electrical wiring in your house or
on the market today!
tion, and he did not walve that priv-
apartment (hundreds or thou-
llege. My client had a right to ex-
sands of feet) and turns it into a
pect confidentiality from the
giant TV reception station] It's
LIMITED TIME OFFI
chaplain."
almost like having an antenna
Mireles ruled that anything the
the size of your entire house!
Electronic antennas like
OIN
boy told Pollard that he had not
one normally sell for $50
told other hospital personnel would
U.S. Buyers Network 1982, (2625)
Allow up in 60 days for shipment.
more! But now, for a limite
not be heard by the jury
(Ferguson/Gershowitz)
March 5, 1992
Draft One
NLC2
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: NATIONAL LEAGUE OF CITIES
MARCH 9, 1992
WASHINGTON, D.C.
11:40 A.M.
[Acknowledgments]
13,191
I'm pleased to be here today. I know I spoke to many of you
over television hook-up last December, and it S nice to climb MediA
Randy AINdt
relation
down from the silver screen to speak with you face to face.
N.G.C.
Since December, I've had a chance to talk with several of
you in depth about the problems you face. In January, I had an
important meeting in the White House with your executive board.
Your board, like your organization as a whole, represents officerst
Not correct
a
ther
Hey
leaders
marvelous cross-section of urban America's leadership --
Republicans and Democrats, liberals and conservatives, officials
from large and small and mid-sized cities.
Of course, we're all concerned about the big issues -- jobs,
family and peace. Even so, I was struck by the unanimity of the
message your board wanted to deliver. It was an insight that we
have been acting on for three years, but it can't be repeated
often enough in Washington.
And their message was simply this: that the enormous
problems facing cities today -- from infant mortality to high
drop-out rates to runaway crime -- are in part symptoms of one
larger problem, the deterioration of the American family.
That is the extraordinarily serious issue I would like to
discuss with you today. I have made the restoration of the
2
American family a priority of this administration. It lies at
the heart of much of what we have done for three years.
We must start by understanding what is really happening,
The urgency is clear. We all know the statistics, the dreary
drumbeat that tells of family breakdown. Today, one out of every
four children born in America is born to an unwed mother.
C25%
XX
percentage grow up in households headed by a single parent. # of
latch-key kids. Drop-out rate. And a large number grow up
27.29
without the love of 45% parents at all. gradens propped Out,
(on
Or the 404,000(40500)
2,000,000
And we know from experience what consequences are
of
Between
family decline: the children of these households are more
susceptible to the lure of crime and drugs, are more likely to
5+13
have poor health and to drop out of school early.
You on the frontlines know the human costs that statistics
can only dimly sketch. You know, as I do, that for every tick on
a chart or graph there is a human story to tell, and too often
the story is a tragedy.
About ten days ago, I was in San Antonio, meeting with other
American heads of state to intensify our war on drugs. And while
there I noticed a front-page story in the San Antonio
Lightv
XX
A
cabdriver had been murdered last September -- another act of
random, senseless violence -- and his murderer had just been
found guilty.
But what was truly horrifying -- what would horrify any
American -- was this: the murderer was a 12 year-old boy.
3
As the deputies took the boy from the courtroom, according
to the newspaper story, they had trouble fitting him with
shackles and handcuffs, so slender were his wrists. This
youngster was four-feet tall, not yet a teenager, and now a
convicted murderer.
I know that the great majority of you could tell stories,
equally distressing, from neighborhoods of your cities where the
unthinkable has become the commonplace. We hear daily of senior
citizens afraid to walk to the corner bank to cash their Social
Security checks; of babies born addicted to crack cocaine; of
school children shooting one another over a pair of sneakers.
Something is terribly, terribly wrong. I am sure that all
of you in this room took office with high confidence in our
ability to solve these problems, only to discover -- sooner
rather than later, I suspect -- that they were far more stubborn
than any of us had supposed.
So we must go to the root, to the problem that underlies so
many others. Each day, as public servants, we must redouble our
efforts to restore the family to its place of primacy in American
life. It's been said that the family is the best Department of
Andy
Health of Human Services ever devised. That is a singularly
American insight. The genius of our system has always been its
reliance on the family, not government, as the fundamental unit
of social progress. Families invest older Americans with a
concern for the future and connect younger Americans to their
past.
4
In restoring the family we restore to coming generations the
values, the sense of right and wrong, the will and confidence to
succeed that only a family can provide a child. And in doing
this, we will reinvigorate our cities as well.
I believe that the federal government has a crucial role to
play in preserving the family, and that belief has guided the
decisions we've made over the past three years. Since 1989, for
example, we have more than doubled funding for Head Start, a
program that brings children and parents into the classroom,
strengthening family ties and reinforcing parental
responsibility. For the first time in the program's history, our
new budget provides that every eligible four-year-old will be
able to start school ready to learn.
1,
Another example: over the past three years, we've increased
the funding for WIC -- the Supplemental Food Program for Women,
Infants and Children -- by 47 percent, to $2.8 billion next year.
We've increased other nutrition programs by similar percentages.
All told, funding for children's programs -- from nutrition and
education to foster care and child immunizations -- has increased
66 percent since we took office.
But please understand: we do not measure our success in
dollars spent. We measure it by results -- by the degree to
which it keeps children healthy and happy and, most important of
all, increases a family's self-reliance. My administration has
concentrated on funding the programs that work for the family --
5
that efficiently fulfill government's role in supporting
families and keeping them in tact.
But at the same time, we must stick to the first principle
of government: Do no harm. And let us never doubt that
government only harms the family when it restricts its autonomy
or usurps the authority of responsible parents.
For more than a year now we have been trying to get through
Congress our HOPE initiative, which would enable low-income
families to own homes. HOPE is based on a simple principle: to
survive, families need the intangible values of dignity and self-
respect. Government can't provide those. But homeownership can.
Parents' must retain the authority to make the big
decisions. Let me give you an example: How can we in government
claim to fight for families if we insist that government, not
parents, must choose who cares for their children? Two years
ago, my administration waged a fight in Congress over that very
OK
Pr
issue, and we won. We kept choice of child care out of the hands
of government and put it where it belongs -- in the hands of
parents.
Now we're engaged in a similar fight, over whether parents
should have the right to choose their childrens' schools. We
know the benefits of competition; it is the linchpin of American
prosperity. And competition among schools will be the linchpin
of educational excellence, too.
But school choice is important for another reason: It
restores authority to parents. And restoring that authority --
6
not only in child care and school choice but in other areas as
well -- will be a key to healing the American family.
We must acknowledge that government can sometimes be a
burden as well as a boon. Over the past forty years, the child
tax exemption has lagged far behind the soaring costs of child-
Rogen
rearing. I have asked Congress to increase the exemption by $500
per child. For a family of four, that's an increase of $2,000.
Porter
It's a crucial first step toward redressing the imbalance, and
it's what we can afford. We have also successfully increased the
(Hans
earned income tax credit for low-income families. A strain on
Hestorn,
the family budget is a strain on the family -- and families don't
6563
need the added pressure.
And let us never forget the work of ordinary Americans
dedicating themselves to the voluntary service of others, who
create an environment where families can flourish. Right now, as
we're gathered here, somewhere in America a volunteer is reading
to a child; a businessman offers job training to a young man he's
just met; a woman teaches young expectant mothers how to care
for the children they will soon bring into the world; neighbors
band together to rid their neighborhoods of the scourge of drugs.
Each of them is a point of light, offering service with no
thought of reward, though the rewards will be reaped by all of
us. I urge all of you, when you return to your cities, to do all
in your power to encourage these caring men and women, to make
yours a community of light.
7
And there's another thing we must do: we must reform our
nation's welfare system. Americans are the most generous people
on earth, but they want to see -- and they're entitled to see --
some relationship between welfare and work. Welfare must never
be what FDR warned it might become: a subtle destroyer of the
spirit. It is not meant to be a lifestyle, or a family legacy
passed from generation to the next. Welfare can eat away at the
ties that bind a family together.
health care and welfare
States are beginning to undertake the brave work of reform.
My administration has vowed to help them.
We
are
acting
now
to
2607 waive federal regulations requirements that impede reform, for in those every situations state wellvers where
Gene that asks for it
show promise for
make good
sound policy
sense policy
Soschaerr: Today I will sign an executive order establishing a John Gardwen.
commission on America's Подед urban porter families. said EX order This caNNot panel be used- is one
fruit
OZ702
of my meeting in January with your executive council. I have
asked Gov. John Ashcroft of Missouri to lead the commission and
fulfill its mandate: to identify those government programs, at
all levels, that weaken or strengthen urban families; to analyze
ways to improve private efforts to strengthen families; and to
recommend new policies to help families in our cities.
I am convinced that we can correct our mistakes, learn from
our failures, and build on our successes. The future of America
depends on our effort. The family is the essential unit of
comfort and love, and from families radiate neighborhoods, from
neighborhoods come towns and cities, and their health determines
the health of our country, for better or worse. Like you I am
8
committed to making our health whole, and to ensure that our
cities, as Theodore Parker said, remain the fireplaces of
America, radiating heat and light in the darkness.
#
#
#
#
NATIONAL LEAGUE OF CITIES
MARCH 9, 1992
Greatinto by
WASHINGTON, D.C.
11:40 A.M.
Glendailited Teleconf.
THANK YOU, GLENDA (HOOD) FOR THAT KIND
whistles
vand MY GREETINGS ALSO TO MAYOR of SIDNEY
Members
Con
INTRODUCTION.
1
cheers
BARTHELEMY, DON BORUT, AND WALLACE STICKNEY.
I'M PLEASED TO JOIN YOU TODAY. I ENJOYED SPEAKING
TO YOU OVER TELEVISION HOOK-UP IN DECEMBER -- IT'S
BETTER FACE TO FACE. & I hear that you've had energetic
mtgs. talked ne: Don Frasier (not inack.
ad We He: leadership ofNic
but M-coming
IN JANUARY, I HAD A FOLLOW-UP MEETING WITH TEN OF
YOUR MEMBERS. LIKE YOUR ORGANIZATION AS A WHOLE, THEY
Pres. NIC) of
REPRESENTED A CROSS-SECTION OF URBAN AMERICA'S
LEADERSHIP -- REPUBLICANS AND DEMOCRATS, LIBERALS AND
CONSERVATIVES, OFFICIALS FROM LARGE AND SMALL AND MID-
SIZED CITIES.
OF COURSE, WE'RE ALL CONCERNED ABOUT THE BIG ISSUES
-- JOBS, FAMILY, WORLD PEACE. EVEN so, I WAS STRUCK BY
THE UNANIMITY OF THE MESSAGE YOUR MEMBERS WANTED TO
DELIVER. IT CAN'T BE REPEATED OFTEN ENOUGH IN
WASHINGTON, OR ANY STATE CAPITOL OR CITY HALL.
any
- 2 -
YOUR MESSAGE WAS SIMPLY THIS: THE ENORMOUS PROBLEMS
FACING CITIES TODAY - FROM INFANT MORTALITY TO HIGH
pat least
DROP-OUT RATES TO RUNAWAY CRIME -- ARE PARTLY SYMPTOMS
OF ONE LARGER PROBLEM, THE DETERIORATION OF THE
AMERICAN FAMILY.
I UNDERSTAND THE BREADTH OF The ISSUES THAT YOU DEAL
WITH DAILY, FROM POVERTY TO POTHOLES TO PROPERTY TAXES.
BUT THIS MORNING, I WOULD LIKE TO DISCUSS THE SAME
SERIOUS ISSUE THAT YOU RAISED WITH ME: THE FAMILY. THE
adlib
RESTORATION OF THE AMERICAN FAMILY IS AT THE HEART OF
MUCH OF WHAT WE HAVE DONE THESE LAST THREE YEARS.
issues you you
- 3 -
LEAVING ASIDE FOR A MOMENT THE ENORMOUS COSTS --
THE WASTED HUMAN RESOURCES OR THE BILLIONS SPENT TO
REPAIR THE DAMAGE OF BROKEN HOMES -- FAMILY BREAKDOWN
ULTIMATELY ENDANGERS OUR POSITION IN A WORLD
INCREASINGLY DRIVEN BY ECONOMIC COMPETITION.
CERTAINLY, THE INTEGRITY OF THE FAMILY IS CRITICAL ON
BBQ
ITS OWN MERIT. AS MY FAVORITE PHILOSOPHER SAYS, "WHAT
GOES ON AT THE WHITE HOUSE IS NOT NEARLY AS IMPORTANT
Theris alot in
AS WHAT GOES ON IN YOUR HOUSE. BUT PARTICULARLY AT A
aftent that
TIME WHEN OUR EFFORTS MUST FOCUS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH,
too
THE FAMILY'S DISINTEGRATION ENDANGERS - -- FOR ALL OF US
-- OUR ABILITY TO CREATE AND to PRESERVE JOBS, AND TO
long
CREATE AN ECONOMY OPEN TO PARTICIPATION BY ALL OUR
CITIZENS.
so WE MUST START WITH A CLEAR-EYED LOOK AT WHAT IS
REALLY HAPPENING TO THE FAMILY IN AMERICAN COMMUNITIES
TODAY -- NOT JUST IN POOR URBAN NEIGHBORHOODS BUT ALL
ACROSS AMERICA. THEN WE MUST gotta' LOOK INSIDE OURSELVES, TO
ESTABLISH THE PRINCIPLES THAT WILL SHAPE OUR APPROACH.
AND THEN WE MUST ACT.
- 4 -
THE URGENCY IS CLEAR. WE ALL KNOW THE STATISTICS, Perhaps you
know 'em
THE DREARY DRUMBEAT THAT TELLS OF FAMILY BREAKDOWN.
better than
TODAY, ONE OUT OF EVERY FOUR AMERICAN CHILDREN IS BORN
most Americans
OUT OF WEDLOCK; IN SOME AREAS THE ILLEGITIMACY RATE
TOPS 80 PERCENT. A QUARTER OF OUR CHILDREN GROW UP IN
HOUSEHOLDS HEADED BY A SINGLE PARENT. MORE THAN TWO
MILLION ARE CALLED LATCH-KEY KIDS -- WHO COME HOME FROM
SCHOOL EACH AFTERNOON TO AN EMPTY HOME. house AND A LARGE
NUMBER OF OUR CHILDREN GROW UP WITHOUT THE LOVE OF
PARENTS AT ALL, Nobody Knowingtheir name.
WE KNOW FROM EXPERIENCE THE CONSEQUENCES OF FAMILY
DECLINE. NEGLECTED CHILDREN ARE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO
THE LURE OF CRIME AND DRUGS, they'r ARE MORE LIKELY TO HAVE
POOR HEALTH, DROP OUT OF SCHOOL EARLY, MORE LIKELY TO
LEAD A LIFE WITHOUT HOPE.
- 5 -
EACH OF YOU IS IN A POSITION TO KNOW THE HUMAN
COSTS THAT Rese STATISTICS CAN ONLY DIMLY SKETCH. YOU KNOW,
AS I DO, THAT FOR EVERY BLIP ON A CHART OR DOT ON A
GRAPH, THERE IS A HUMAN STORY TO TELL, AND TOO OFTEN
THE STORY IS A TRAGEDY.
ABOUT TEN DAYS AGO, I WAS IN SAN ANTONIO, MEETING
WITH LATIN AMERICAN LEADERS TO INTENSIFY OUR WAR ON
DRUGS. WHILE THERE I SAW A FRONT-PAGE STORY IN THE SAN
ANTONIO LIGHT. A CABDRIVER HAD BEEN MURDERED LAST
Selfless
SEPTEMBER -- -- ANOTHER ACT OF RANDOM, SENSELESS VIOLENCE
-- AND HIS MURDERER HAD JUST BEEN FOUND GUILTY.
BUT WHAT WAS TRULY HORRIFYING -- WHAT WOULD HORRIFY
ANY AMERICAN - -- WAS THIS: THE MURDERER WAS A 12-YEAR-
00000/grumble
OLD BOY. AS THE DEPUTIES TOOK THE BOY FROM THE
COURTROOM, ACCORDING TO THE NEWSPAPER STORY, THEY HAD
TROUBLE FITTING HIM WITH SHACKLES AND HANDCUFFS, so
SLENDER WERE HIS WRISTS. THIS YOUNGSTER WAS FOUR-FEET
TALL, NOT YET A TEENAGER, BUT NOW A CONVICTED MURDERER.
- 6 -
THE DRUMBEAT CONTINUES: TWO TEENAGERS SHOT DEAD IN
C.S.D.
A NEW YORK PUBLIC SCHOOL - -- AN LSD RING BUSTED UP IN AN
X
AFFLUENT NORTHERN VIRGINIA SUBURB -- OR THE HARROWING
STORIES OF RUNAWAY KIDS AND THE HORRORS THAT BEFALL
THEM.
I KNOW THAT ALMOST ALL OF YOU COULD TELL STORIES
EQUALLY DISTRESSING - STORIES FROM NEIGHBORHOODS IN
YOUR CITIES WHERE THE UNTHINKABLE HAS BECOME THE
COMMONPLACE. I AM SURE THAT MANY OF YOU HERE TOOK
OFFICE WITH HIGH CONFIDENCE IN THE POWER TO SOLVE THESE
PROBLEMS, ONLY TO DISCOVER -- SOONER RATHER THAN LATER,
I SUSPECT - THAT THEY WERE FAR MORE STUBBORN THAN WE
COULD IMAGINE. LET'S NOT FORGET THAT THE TRIALS OUR
CITIZENS FACE EACH AND EVERY DAY WERE GENERATIONS IN
THE MAKING. WE CAN'T EXPECT CHANGE OVERNIGHT. BUT
MAKE NO MISTAKE: CHANGE WILL COME. BECAUSE CHANGE
MUST COME.
NOTHING
- 7 -
LET'S FACE IT. WE CAN ONLY CHANGE THINGS IF WE
WORK IN COMMOM PURPOSE. WE MUST CALL A CEASE-FIRE IN
THE WAR OF WORDS THAT TOO OFTEN CONSUMES US. CASTING
BLAME BRINGS NO SOLUTIONS. NOR WILL QUESTIONING EACH
OTHER'S MOTIVES. WE HAVE GOT TO FOCUS EVERY OUNCE OF
OUR ENERGY TO TURN BACK THIS ASSAULT UPON THE AMERICAN
FAMILY AND ACT AS ONE NATION TO DEFEND AND STRENGTHEN
IT. AS PUBLIC SERVANTS, WE MUST NEVER FORGET THAT
HHS-- of
THE BEST DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES IS
INDEED, THE FAMILY.
IN RESTORING THE FAMILY, WE RESTORE TO COMING
GENERATIONS THE VALUES, THE SENSE OF RIGHT AND WRONG,
THE WILL AND CONFIDENCE TO SUCCEED THAT ONLY A FAMILY
CAN PROVIDE A CHILD. AND IN DOING THIS, WE WILL
REINVIGORATE OUR COMMUNITIES AND CITIES AS WELL.
is
- 8 -
WE NEEDN'T LOOK FAR FOR PRINCIPLES TO GUIDE US.
THEY ARE THE OLD HOME TRUTHS. RELY ON WHAT WORKS --
DISCARD WHAT DOESN'T. NEVER BE AFRAID TO INNOVATE.
REMEMBER THAT GOVERNMENT CLOSEST TO THE PEOPLE RESPONDS
BEST TO THE NEEDS OF THE PEOPLE. AND LET'S NOT FORGET
THIS AS A GUIDING PRINCIPLE: IF PEOPLE ARE TO BE
RESPONSIBLE, THEY MUST BE GIVEN RESPONSIBILITY.
- 9 -
THE GOVERNMENT'S FIRST DUTY IS LIKE THAT OF THE
PHYSICIAN: DO NO HARM. BUT THE FACT IS, WITH THE BEST
OF INTENTIONS, MANY PAST GOVERNMENT POLICIES HAVE
WORKED AGAINST THE INSTITUTION OF THE FAMILY --
UNDERMINED YOUNG PEOPLE'S DESIRE TO MARRY AND STAY
MARRIED, TO PROVIDE FOR THEIR CHILDREN, TO PLAN FOR
THEIR FUTURE.
AS A PRACTICAL MATTER, "DOING NO HARM" MEANS IN
PART THAT WE ENSURE PARENTS RETAIN THE AUTHORITY TO
MAKE THE BIG DECISIONS FOR THEIR FAMILIES. THIS
DOESN'T ABSOLVE PARENTS OF RESPONSIBLITY, ,/J JUST THE
it's
OPPOSITE. FOR EXAMPLE, EVEN IF WE ARE ABLE TO REFORM
OUR EDUCATION SYSTEM, PARENTS MUST STILL READ TO THEIR
CHILDREN. THE POINT IS THAT GOVERNMENT HARMS THE
FAMILY WHEN IT RESTRICTS ITS AUTONOMY OR USURPS THE
AUTHORITY OF RESPONSIBLE PARENTS.
Insistgort. help inevery way
to revolutionizing Amed
- 10 -
LET ME GIVE YOU ANOTHER EXAMPLE: THOSE OF US IN
GOVERNMENT CAN NEVER PLAUSIBLY CLAIM TO FIGHT FOR
FAMILIES IF WE INSIST THAT GOVERNMENT, NOT PARENTS,
MUST CHOOSE WHO CARES FOR THEIR CHILDREN. So TWO YEARS
AGO, MY ADMINISTRATION WAGED A FIGHT IN CONGRESS OVER
THIS VERY ISSUE, AND WE WON. WE KEPT CHOICE OF CHILD
CARE OUT OF THE HANDS OF GOVERNMENT AND PUT IT WHERE IT
BELONGS - IN THE HANDS OF PARENTS.
NOW WE'RE ENGAGED IN A SIMILAR FIGHT, OVER WHETHER
PARENTS SHOULD HAVE THE RIGHT TO CHOOSE THEIR
CHILDREN'S SCHOOLS. WE KNOW THE BENEFITS OF
COMPETITION; IT IS THE LINCHPIN OF AMERICAN PROSPERITY.
AND COMPETITION AMONG SCHOOLS WILL BE THE LINCHPIN OF
EDUCATIONAL EXCELLENCE, TOO. FROM MINNESOTA TO
MILWAUKEE TO EAST HARLEM -- SCHOOL CHOICE WORKS.
A
(8-10 min.)
- 11 -
BUT SCHOOL CHOICE IS IMPORTANT FOR OTHER REASONS:
IT RESTORES AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILITY TO PARENTS.
AND JUST AS IT MAKES OUR SCHOOLS ACCOUNTABLE, IT ALSO
MAKES PARENTS ACCOUNTABLE FOR THE DECISIONS THEY MAKE.
NOT ONLY IN CHILD CARE AND SCHOOL CHOICE BUT IN OTHER
AREAS AS WELL, A KEY TO HEALING THE AMERICAN FAMILY
WILL BE RESTORING PARENTAL AUTHORITY AND
ACCOUNTABILITY.
ANOTHER EXAMPLE: THE INITIATIVE WE CALL HOPE. IT
TOOK MORE THAN A YEAR TO GET HOPE THROUGH CONGRESS, AND
ANOTHER YEAR TO GET EVEN PARTIAL FUNDING FOR IT. BUT
HOPE WILL BE CRUCIAL TO OUR SUCCESS, BY OFFERING LOW-
INCOME FAMILIES A GREATER OPPORTUNITY TO OWN THEIR OWN
HOMES. HOPE IS BASED ON A SIMPLE PRINCIPLE: TO
SURVIVE, PEOPLE NEED THE INTANGIBLE VALUES OF DIGNITY
AND SELF-RESPECT. GOVERNMENT CAN'T PROVIDE THOSE. BUT
HOMEOWNERSHIP CAN. AN EDUCATION CAN. A JOB CAN. AND
BEING PART OF A FAMILY CAN.
- 12 -
THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT HAS A POSITIVE ROLE IN
PRESERVING THE FAMILY. WE WELCOME THAT ROLE; IT HAS
sngle
GUIDED THE DECISIONS WE MAKE EVERY DAY. SINCE 1989,
FOR EXAMPLE, WE HAVE MORE THAN DOUBLED FUNDING FOR HEAD
START, A PROGRAM THAT BRINGS CHILDREN AND PARENTS INTO
THE CLASSROOM, STRENGTHENS FAMILY TIES AND REINFORCES
PARENTAL RESPONSIBILITY. FOR THE FIRST TIME IN THE
PROGRAM'S HISTORY, WE CAN SUPPORT ONE YEAR OF HEAD
4yeartold
START FOR ALL ELIGIBLE CHILDREN WHOSE PARENTS CHOOSE TO
HAVE THEM PARTICIPATE.
- 13 -
THERE ARE MANY OTHER EXAMPLES: WE HAVE INCREASED
THE EARNED INCOME TAX CREDIT FOR LOW-INCOME FAMILIES,
AND, SINCE 1989, WE'VE INCREASED THE FUNDING FOR WIC -
- THE SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM FOR WOMEN, INFANTS AND
CHILDREN -- BY 47 PERCENT, TO $2.8 BILLION NEXT YEAR.
WE'VE INCREASED OTHER NUTRITION PROGRAMS BY SIMILAR
PERCENTAGES. AND THIS YEAR FEDERAL SUPPORT FOR
CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION GRANTS WILL TOP $340 MILLION, AN
INCREASE OF 18 PERCENT OVER LAST YEAR'S LEVEL. ALL
TOLD, FUNDING FOR CHILDREN'S PROGRAMS -- FROM NUTRITION
AND EDUCATION TO FOSTER CARE AND CHILD IMMUNIZATIONS -
- HAS INCREASED 66 PERCENT SINCE WE TOOK OFFICE.
- 14 -
Look
BUT PLEASE UNDERSTAND: WE WILL NEVER MEASURE OUR
COMPASSION IN DOLLARS SPENT. WE WILL MEASURE IT BY
RESULTS -- THE TEST WILL BE THE HEALTH AND HAPPINESS OF
OUR CHILDREN AND, MOST IMPORTANT OF ALL, THE SENSE OF
WELL-BEING AND SELF-RELIANCE INSTILLED by IN OUR FAMILIES.
MY ADMINISTRATION HAS TARGETED FUNDING TO PROGRAMS THAT
EFFICIENTLY FULFILL GOVERNMENT'S ROLE IN SUPPORTING
FAMILIES AND KEEPING THEM TOGETHER - -- PROGRAMS THAT
WORK FOR THE FAMILY.
AT THE SAME TIME, WE MUST FACE ANOTHER FACT:
GOVERNMENT CAN SOMETIMES BE A BURDEN AS WELL AS A BOON.
OVER THE PAST FORTY YEARS, THE CHILD TAX EXEMPTION HAS
LAGGED FAR BEHIND THE SOARING COSTS OF CHILD-REARING.
I HAVE ASKED CONGRESS TO INCREASE THE EXEMPTION BY $500
PER CHILD. FOR A FAMILY WITH FOUR CHILDREN, THAT'S AN
INCREASE OF $2,000. IT'S A CRUCIAL FIRST STEP TOWARD
REDRESSING THE IMBALANCE, AND IT'S WHAT WE CAN AFFORD
todort NOW.
- 15 -
AND NOW I COME TO PERHAPS THE MOST CRUCIAL MATTER
OF ALL: WE MUST REFORM OUR NATION'S WELFARE SYSTEM.
AMERICANS ARE THE MOST GENEROUS PEOPLE ON EARTH, BUT
THEY WANT TO SEE -- AND THEY'RE ENTITLED TO SEE SOME
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WELFARE AND WORK. WELFARE MUST
NEVER BE WHAT FDR WARNED IT MIGHT BECOME: A SUBTLE
DESTROYER OF THE SPIRIT. IT IS NOT MEANT TO BE A WAY
OF LIFE, OR A FAMILY LEGACY PASSED FROM ONE GENERATION
TO THE NEXT. WELFARE CAN EAT AWAY AT THE TIES THAT
BIND A FAMILY TOGETHER.
STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ARE UNDERTAKING THE
BRAVE WORK OF REFORM - LEARNFARE IN WISCONSIN, REACH
(REALIZING ECONOMIC ACHIEVEMENT) IN NEW JERSEY,
WASHINGTON STATE'S FIP -- FAMILY INDEPENDENCE PROGRAM -
- THESE ARE ALL DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS WE SUPPORT. MY
ADMINISTRATION IS COMMITTED TO REFORM AND WE ARE ACTING
NOW TO WAIVE UNNECESSARY RED TAPE THAT IMPEDES REFORM.
Toosen
upon warvers
- 16 -
THERE'S NO HIDDEN AGENDA HERE. THIS
ADMINISTRATION, THE MAYORS, THE STATE LEADERS WHO PRESS
FOR DRASTIC REFORM OF WELFARE AREN'T MODERN DAY
SCROOGES - CHISELING ONE MORE DIME OUT OF SOME POOR
FAMILY. DEMOCRAT OR REPUBLICAN, CALIFORNIA OR NEW
JERSEY, FEDERAL OR STATE -- IN OUR HEART OF HEARTS, WE
REALLY BELIEVE REFORMING WELFARE IS THE BEST WAY TO
SERVE PEOPLE - BREAK THIS SORRY CYCLE OF DESPAIR --
GIVE PEOPLE REAL HOPE. AND WE'RE GOING TO KEEP ON
TRYING TO DO JUST THAT -- BECAUSE EVERY SINGLE AMERICAN
DESERVES TO BELIEVE IN THE AMERICAN DREAM.
A
I HAVE HIGHLIGHTED TODAY THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT - --
BOTH POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE - -- BECAUSE WE ARE MEN AND
WOMEN OF GOVERNMENT. BUT LET US NEVER FORGET THE WORK
OF PRIVATE AMERICANS DEDICATING THEMSELVES TO THE
VOLUNTARY SERVICE OF OTHERS, WHO CREATE AN ENVIRONMENT
WHERE FAMILIES CAN FLOURISH.
Growth in Single-Parent Families
Male Households VS. Female Households
Thousands
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
'60
'70
'75
'80
'85
'86
'87
'88
'89
Male Householder
Female Householder
Family Households with Children
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
111111
1970
1980
1985
1988
Percent Families with Children with:
Married Couple
IIIIV
Male Householder
Female Householder
278
Families With Children
Three or More
Three or More
10%
20%
Two Children
18%
Two Children
17%
One Child
One Child
21%
18%
No Children
No Children
51%
44%
1970
1988
Births to Unmarried Women
as Percent of All Births
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
1970
1980
1985
1986
1987
Total
White
Black
BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
Public Information Office
Phone Number: 301-763-4040
Fax Number: 301-763-7337
Transmittal Cover Sheet
To:
GARY Gershowitz White House Speedhuniting off,
Telephone Number: 202-456-7950
Fax Number:
202-456-6218
From:
RAY BANCROFT Census P10
Date: 3/6/92
Time:
Title of Document:
VARIOUS Statistics
There will be 34 page(s) following this cover sheet.
Comments:
Mimber of Latch Hey rids
will be sent ASP
10'd
TO 92024566218
7637337 102, I
FROM 12:30 03/6/1992
SOURCE: MARITAL Status t LIVING ARRaNge ments MARCH 1990 5
Table E. Living Arrangements of Children Under 18 Years, by Race and Hispanic Origin:
1990, 1980, 1970, and 1960
(Numbers in thousands. Excludes persons under 18 years old who were maintaining households or family groups)
Percent distribution
Living arrangement
1990
1980
1970
1960
1990
1980
1970
1960
ALL RACES
Children under 18 years
64,137
63,427
69,162
63,727
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Living with
Two parents
46,503
48,624
58,939
55,877
72.5
76.7
85.2
87.7
One parent
15,867
12,468
8,199
5,829
24.7
19.7
11.9
9.1
Mother only
13,874
11,406
7,452
5,105
21.6
18.0
10.8
8.0
Father only
1,993
1,060
748
724
3.1
1.7
1.1
1.1
Other relatives
1,422
1,949
1,547
1,601
2.2
3.1
2.2
2.5
Nonrelatives only
346
388
477
420
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.7
WHITE
Children under 18 years
51,390
52,242
58,790
55,077
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Living with -
Two parents
40,593
43,200
52,624
50,082
79.0
82.7
89.5
90.9
One parent
9,870
7,901
5,109
3,932
19.2
15.1
8.7
7.1
Mother only
8,321
7,059
4,581
3,381
16.2
13.5
7.8
6.1
Father only
1,549
842
528
551
3.0
1.6
0.9
1.0
Other relatives
708
887
696
774
1.4
1.7
1.2
1.4
Nonrelatives only
220
254
362
288
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.5
BLACK'
Children under 18 years
10,018
9,375
9,422
8,650
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Living with -
Two parents
3,781
3,956
5,508
5,795
37.7
42.2
58.5
67.0
One parent
5,485
4,297
2,996
1,897
54.8
45.8
31.8
21.9
Mother only
5,132
4,117
2,783
1,723
51.2
43.9
29.5
19.9
Father only
353
180
213
173
3.5
1.9
2.3
2.0
Other relatives :
654
999
820
827
6.5
10.7
8.7
9.6
Nonrelatives only
98
123
97
132
1.0
1.3
1.0
1.5
HISPANIC2
Children under 18 years
7,174
5,459
3,006
(NA)
100.0
100.0
100.0
(NA)
Living with -
Two parents
4,789
4,116
3,111
(NA)
66.8
75.4
77.7
(NA)
One parent
2,154
1,152
(NA)
(NA)
30.0
21.1
(NA)
(NA)
Mother only
1,943
1,069
(NA)
(NA)
27.1
19.6
(NA)
(NA)
Father only
211
83
(NA)
(NA)
2.9
1.5
(NA)
(NA)
Other relatives
177
183
(NA)
(NA)
2.5
3.4
(NA)
(NA)
Nonrelatives only
54
8
(NA)
(NA)
0.8
0.1
(NA)
(NA)
NA Not available.
'Black and other races for 1960.
2Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
³All persons under 18 years.
Source of 1970 Hispanic origin data: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1970 Census of Population, PC(2)-1C, Persons of Spanish Origin.
Source of 1960 data: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1960 Census of Population, PC(2)-4B, Persons by Family Characteristics, tables 1, 2, and 19.
(Excludes inmates of institutions and military in barracks.)
and processing in 1982-83.³ This procedural change
figure 5). Between 1970 and 1981, the proportion rose
helped to identify parent-child subfamilies that might
8.4 percentage points (0.8 percentage points per year)
otherwise have been overlooked. At least two-thirds of
and 6.6 percentage points between 1984 and 1990 (1.1
the measured increase between 1981 and 1983 resulted
percentage points per year). The proportion of children
from the improvement in data collection and processing.
living with a divorced parent rose 13.6 percentage
Nevertheless, the percentage of children living with a
points in the 11 years prior to the change and declined
never-married parent was increasing before the proce-
dural change and has continued since (table G and
3For a more detailed discussion of the procedural improvement,
see Current Population Reports, Series P-20, No. 399, Marital Status
and Living Arrangements: March 1984, P. 8.
P.02
9202456218 01
7637337 101 T
FROM
12:31 03/661992
34
Monthly Vital Statistics Report
Vol. 40, No. 8(S)
December 12, 1991
Table 18. Number and ratio of births to unmarried women, by race of mother and of child: United States and each State, 1989
[By place of residence)
=27%
Number
Ratio per 1,000 live births
Race of mother
All
Race of child
Race of mother
Race of child
All
State
races¹
White
Black
White
Black
races'
White
Black
White
Black
United States
1,094,169
613,543
442,395
593,911
457,480
270.8
192.2
657.2
189.6
644,9
Alabama
18,640
4,659
13,929
4,657
13,931
297.9
115.4
642.0
116,1
637.6
Alaska
2,869
1,256
158
1,130
225
245.9
158.1
296.4
151.5
319.1
Arizona
20,708
15,313
1,554
15,096
1,697
308.2
267.4
612.5
268.6
547.9
Arkansas
9,944
4,136
5,761
4,040
5,830
276.9
152.6
682.1
150.8
678.9
California²
171,189
133,398
30,071
127.331
34,133
300.3
287.3
621.2
283.9
602.7
Colorado
10,787
8,987
1,465
8.943
1,499
204.6
186.1
532.0
188.4
460.9
Connecticut
13,005
8,461
4,260
8.117
4,571
262.9
201.6
661.4
196.8
652.4
Delaware
3,125
1,297
1,813
1,291
1,819
291.2
161.7
714.3
162.3
702.6
District of Columbia
7,580
235
6,985
228
6,993
643.0
129.8
759.3
133.7
754.5
Florida
58,305
27,815
30,047
27,121
30,661
301.9
191.4
665.7
189.2
657.7
Georgia
34,926
9,713
25,084
9,389
25,373
316.7
140.0
636.7
137.1
633.2
Hawaii
4,609
865
103
575
144
238.0
144.8
151.2
128.4
153.8
Idaho
2,561
2,386
15
2,348
26
161.2
155.6
*
154.9
279.6
Illinois
58,867
25,514
32.836
24,391
33,866
309.3
180.1
756.3
174.9
751.2
Indiana
19,898
13,379
6,410
13,090
6,662
238.4
181.5
713.0
179.8
692.5
lowa
7,575
6.613
811
6,517
878
194.1
177.1
767.3
176.0
696.8
Kansas
7,577
5,424
1,967
5,189
2,164
195.6
157.2
606.5
153.6
579.5
Kentucky
12,048
8,563
3,441
8,532
3,468
225.5
178.6
674.0
179.2
646.8
Louisiana.
25,692
5,946
19,525
5,879
19,568
353.1
142.7
655.3
142.5
652.4
Maine
3,806
3,717
25
3,697
33
217.9
216.1
320.5
216.5
266.1
Maryland
22.607
7,916
14,356
7,339
14,885
288.9
153.6
600.9
146.2
598.2
Massachusetts
21,798
15.896
5,082
15,251
5,638
238.2
199.5
608.2
Michigan²
195.3
$92.7
36,441
15,685
20,365
15,654
20,390
245.4
135.2
679.6
136.7
660.8
Minnesota
13,142
9,994
1,766
9,646
1,999
194.6
162.2
720.2
159.1
677.4
Mississippi
16,958
2,734
14.077
2,689
14,116
393.9
123.8
687.9
122.4
587.1
Missouri
21,123
11,336
9,620
11,062
9,867
271.3
177.1
749.8
175.1
738.5
Montana
2,539
1,644
11
1,575
17
217.4
161.5
*
159.6
*
Nebraska
4,662
3,412
969
3,315
1,039
192.5
Nevada
153.6
701.7
151.1
672.1
4,607
3,191
1,164
3,139
1,191
235.0
190.3
636.4
192.4
585.3
New Hampshire
2,797
2,750
34
2,720
52
157.1
156.8
283.3
156.0
282.6
New Jersey
29,364
13,933
15,125
13,351
15,649
241.0
149.5
630.3
145.6
621.9
New Mexico
9,447
6,586
294
6,493
351
345.4
292.9
558.9
294.2
480.2
New York
92,996
49.887
41,615
48,287
43,045
319.1
231.2
657,9
227.9
649.4
North Carolina
28,315
8,925
18,614
8,557
18,895
277.3
128.2
621.7
125.0
615.4
North Dakota
1,615
1,079
9
1,040
20
168.8
126.8
-
125.3
178.6
Onio
45,921
27,039
18,671
26,068
19,559
280.1
197.1
740.4
192.8
728.8
Oklahoma
11,258
6,390
3.262
6.095
3,398
237.6
169.7
542.0
171.3
615.2
Oregon
10,436
9,226
631
8,987
764
252.8
240.2
696.5
239.7
634.6
Pennsylvania
47,093
27,273
19,446
25,637
20,959
279.0
193.5
772.1
185.2
767.5
Rhode Island
3,684
2,787
711
2,692
784
249.5
213.4
647.5
209.9
614.9
South Carolina
18,116
4,723
13,345
4,637
13,417
316.0
136.6
600.3
135.5
595.9
South Dakota
2,415
1,224
18
1,174
47
217.8
133.5
*
130.4
361.5
Tennessee
21.281
8,994
12,217
8,799
12,391
Texas²
290.8
163.2
700.9
161.3
693.5
60,303
36,938
22,869
36,935
22.872
196.0
143.1
532.2
144,8
506.5
Utah
4,504
3,935
103
3,843
158
126.6
116.6
481.3
115.6
424.7
Vermont
1.685
1,667
8
1,659
10
198.4
198.1
*
197.8
R
Virginia
24,410
10,061
14,094
9,936
14,210
252.2
142.4
603.8
142.7
589.5
Washington
17,638
14,187
1,543
13,450
2,008
234.0
213.2
530.4
209.1
502.8
West Virginia
5,212
4,653
551
4,622
580
235.2
219.0
665.5
218.9
525.0
Wisconsin
16,815
10,662
5,534
10,580
5,589
233.5
170.2
799.2
170.5
774.5
Wyoming
1,276
1,139
31
1,118
39
184.9
174.4
413.3
173.4
393.9
includes races other than white and black.
Marital status of mother is inferred: see Technical notes,
FROM: Natl. Center for Health Statistics SCC
Dept, of Health + Human Services
9202456218 01
7637337 101 T
FROM
12:31 03/661992
School ENRollment= Oct. 1989
3
from families with income less than $20,000 were enrolled
families with higher family income. Whereas 5 percent of
in nursery school, compared to 32.9 percent for children
children from families with income less than $20,000
from families with income between $20,000 and $39,999.
attended private school, 15 percent of those from families
Children from families with income $40,000 and above had
with income of $40,000 or more did so.
the highest level of nursery school enrollment (52.5 per-
In the fall of 1989, about 12.9 million persons were
cent).
enrolled at the high school level (grades 9 through 12).
Of the 3 and 4 year olds enrolled in nursery school,
Figure 3 shows the strong correspondence between high
801,000 (31.3 percent) were in public school, while 1,762,000
school enrollments and the population between the ages
(68.7 percent) attended private school. Family income
of 14 and 17. During the last five years, the number of
appears strongly associated with patterns of public and
persons in high school fell as the size of the population
private nursery schooling. Children from families with high
ages 14 to 17 also dropped. Middle-series projections of
income are more likely to attend private school, while
14 to 17 year olds indicate that high school enrollments will
those from lower income families are more likely to enroll
rise over the next few years, if enrollment rates remain the
in public systems. Three-fifths of the nursery school stu-
same.
dents from families with income less than $20,000 attended
Public institutions account for most high school enroll-
public school, as opposed to less than one-fifth of those
ments, with just 6.6 percent of secondary students attend-
from families with income over $40,000.
ing private schools. The bottom half of table C shows
There continues to be some question as to whether
public and private high school enrollment levels by income,
nursery school acts as child care. As table B shows, the
race and Hispanic origin groupings. As with primary school,
children of wornen in the labor force were slightly more
there is a relationship between family income and private
likely to be enrolled in nursery school than those of women
school enrollment. About 3.1 percent of children from
who were not (37.7 versus 31.3 percent). More substantial,
lower income (less than $20,000) families attended private
however, is the difference in the use of full-day nursery
high school, compared to 10.1 percent from higher income
school. About 44 percent of nursery school students with a
families.
mother in the labor force were full-day, compared to just 14
percent of nursery school students whose mother was not
High School Dropouts
in the labor force. However, while nursery school and
During the one year period from October 1988 to
full-day enrollments are higher for the children of mothers
October 1989, about 404,000, or 4.5 percent, of all stu-
employed or looking for work, the majority of 3 and 4 year
dents in the 10th, 11th or 12th grade dropped out of high
old children are not enrolled in nursery school at all,
school.2 While this overall national dropout rate is consid-
regardless of whether their mother is in the labor force or
erably lower than the level of 6.7 percent just ten years
not.
earlier (see table A-3), variation among different subpopu-
lations is apparent.
The data in table D show that the high school dropout
Elementary and Secondary School Enrollment
rate of 3.9 percent for Whites is significantly lower than the
Black rate of 7.7 percent. Across family income groups
There were 28.7 million persons enrolled in elementary
there are also differences in the dropout rate. While 8
school (grades 1 through 8) in the fall of 1989. Given the
near universal nature of schooling for young persons, the
percent of high school students from families with income
below $20,000 dropped out of high school, just 1.1 percent
number of persons enrolled in elementary school closely
of those from families with incomes of $40,000 or more left
paraliels the size of the population between 6 and 13 years
school before graduation.
of age, as shown in Figure 2. During the 1970's and early
A different measure of high school dropouts is the
1980's, elementary school enrollments fell, following the
general decrease in the size of the 6 to 13 year old
proportion of persons who are no longer enrolled and have
not completed high school. This "dropout pool" measure
population. In the past few years, however, this has
is to some extent 8. summary of the year-to-year dropout
changed, as both the population and enrollments have
rates (and reenrollment) over the life of a cohort. Data from
risen. The plot of middle-series projections for children
Table 1 show that among persons ages 18 to 24 years old,
ages 6 to 13 indicates that school enrollments may con-
3.6 million (14.4 percent) were high school dropouts. Men
tinue to rise over the next several years.¹
had a slightly higher proportion of dropouts than women
Most elementary school students attend public institu-
(15.7 vs. 13.2 percent). Blacks had a slightly higher level
tions, as the top panel of table C shows. In the fall of 1989,
than Whites (16.4 vs. 14.1 percent), while the level for
about 9.7 percent of all elementary school students ages 3
Hispanics was 37.7 percent.
to 17 were in private schools, but the data indicate that
private school enrollment is more likely for children from
*The annual high school dropout rate was first presented in Current
Population Reports, Series P-20, No. 413, School Enrollment Social and
Economic Characteristics of Students: October 1983. Details of its
'Current Population Report, Series P-25, No. 1018, Projections of the
calculation are presented in that report, as well as in Appendix B.
Population of the United States by Age, Sex, and Race: 1988 to 2080.
Definitions and Explanations, of this report.
9202466218 01
7637337 101 I
FROM 12:32
Laies INIO
SOURCE, woreau
Dept, of Commerce
1
After-School Care of School-Age Youth:
December 1984
This report contains data collected in the December 1984
conducted as supplements to the CPS in June 1977 and 1982,
Current Population Survey (CPS) school-age child care sup-
in which the data were collected from working mothers on
plement. The supplement questions were intended to measure
the care arrangements while they worked, for their youngest
the extent to which school-age children were not in the care'
child under 5 years old. Data collection was funded by the
of their parents during nonschool hours and, more importantly,
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development,
the extent to which they were unsupervised by any adult.
Department of Health and Human Services.
For each child 5 to 13 years old in the household, questions
were included on whether he/she regularly spent time alone
CARE BEFORE SCHOOL, AFTER SCHOOL, AND
or in the care of someone other than a parent, during any of
AT NIGHT
three periods of the day: before school, after school, or at
night. in addition, there were questions for each period on
Although after school care is the primary focus of this
who, if anyone, cared for the child, age of the caretaker, and
report, there is some interest in care in other periods of the
daily duration of the care arrangement. This survey is similar
day. In December 1984, there were 28.9 million children 5
to a CPS supplement conducted in October 1974 on daytime
to 13 years old enrolled in school. Eight million of them
care of children and in February 1965 on care while mother
regularly spent time during nonschool hours "alone or in the
worked. The survey is not comparable to the child care surveys
care of someone other than a parent," including 2.4 million
before school, 7.1 million after school, and 1.7 million at night
Cared for and supervised are used interchangably in this report.
(table A). Two thirds of these children who were regularly
Table A. Care of School-Age Children by Period of the Day, Type of Household, and Labor Force Status of
Mother, for Children 5 to 13 Years Old Enrolled In School: December 1984
(Numbers in thousands)
Before school
After school
At night
Type of household and labor force
status of mother
All
Other
No
Other
No
Other
No
children
Parent
adult
adult
Parent
adult
adult
Parent
adult
adult
NUMBER
All Children
All households
28,852
26,454
1,846
552
21,777
5,010
2,065
27,174
1,429
249
Married-couple household
21,979
20,512
1,117
350
17,203
3,277
1,499
21,013
794
172
Household maintained by a woman
5,935
5,135
628
172
3,990
1,464
481
5,329
538
68
Mother employed full time
All households
10,559
8,797
1,328
434
5,734
3,401
1,424
9,808
649
102
Married-couple household
7,936
6,799
857
280
4,603
2,304
1,029
7,564
309
63
Household maintained by a woman
2,480
1,875
458
147
1,062
1,049
369
2,116
323
41
PERCENT
All Children
All households
100.0
91.7
6.4
1.9
75.5
17.4
7.2
94.2
5.0
0.9
Married-couple household
100.0
93.3
5.1
1.6
78.3
14.9
6.8
95.6
3.6
0.8
Household maintained by a woman
100.0
86.5
10.6
2.9
67.2
24.7
8.1
89.8
9.1
1.1
Mother employed full time
All households
100.0
83.3
12.6
4.1
54.3
32.2
13.5
92.9
6.1
1.0
Married-couple household
100.0
85.7
10.8
3.5
58.0
29.0
13.0
95.3
3.9
0.8
Household maintained by a woman
100.0
75.6
18.5
5.9
42.8
42.3
14.9
85.3
13.0
1.7
Note: A total of 8,137,000 children were not in the care of their parents in at least one period. About 2,653,000
children wore not In the care of their parents during more than one period, including 1,539,000 before and after school,
66,000 after school and at night, 44,000 before school and at night, and 404,000 in all three periods.
50'd
81906 01
7637337 101 I
FROM
12:33 03/66/1992
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
March 6, 1992
NOTE FOR GARY GERSHOWITZ--
Acknowledgements for the NLC speech
include:
NLC President Glenda Hood (who will be
introducing him)
Immediate Past NLC President New Orleans
Mayor Sidney Barthelemy
NLC Executive Director Don Borut
FEMA Director Wallace Stickney
William Mark Frantz
Don Borut, Exec. Dir. of the National
league of Cities
202-626-3000
factsheets or
a press kit on:
what they do
background on organization conference
membership
horror stories to show how unfunded
mandates weak havoc upon
state & local govts.
have they done any reports on how
the surface transportation act has
positively impacted cities.
created jobs?
Good pro-family programs?
Surface Trans. Act
speech & factsheet
Frank ShaFroth
SENT BY:POLICE COMMISSIONER ; 3- 6-92 ; 11:08 ;
12024566218:# 1
LEE P. BROWN
POLICE COMMISSIONER
IDAHO
1625
POLICE DEPARTMENT
CITY OF NEW YORK
1 Police Plaza
New York, N.Y. 10038
Telephone: 212-374-5410
Fax:
212-227-6861
FACSIMILE MESSAGE
DATE :
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TIME SENT :
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OFFICE :
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FAX NUMBER : 202 456 - 6218
9
NUMBER OF PAGES INCLUDING COVER SHEET :
FROM: :
Judy Hastings
OFFICE :
Police Commissioner is Office
I
PCM NUMEER :
SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS/NOTES:
I believe this is the speech you
requested if not please let me
Anoud & I'll continue looking
THANK YOU
Judy
SENT BY:POLICE COMMISSIONER ; 3- 6-92 ; 11:09 ;
12024566218;# 2
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHIEFS OF POLICE
PRESIDENTIAL INAUGURAL ADDRESS
BY
Honorable Lee P. Brown
Commissioner
New York City Police Department
ASSOCIATION OF CHIEFS INVERNATION OF POLICE
POLICE
SINCE 1893
October 10, 1990
Tulsa, Oklahoma
SENT BY:POLICE COMMISSIONER ; 3- 6-92 ; 11:09 ;
12024566218;# 3
- 1 -
To the Reverend Clergy, members of the dais, past
presidents, members and friends of the International Association
of Chiefs of Police.
As you will note in the program, my Mayor, the Honorable
David Dinkins; was scheduled to be here tonight to swear me in.
Unfortunately, I was informed this afternoon that something came
up in New York that necessitated his presence. He asked' that I
extend to you his sincere regrets.
I do want to extend my sincere appreciation to Chief Bill
Bracey for standing in for the Mayor. Chief Bracey and his best
friend, the late Lloyd Sealy, have been role models for me, and I
appreciate what they both contributed to the New York City Police
Department. Lloyd's wife, Estelle, is here tonight. Estelle,
Lloyd is smiling down at us this evening.
I also want to acknowledge the presence of two former New
York Police Commissioners both friends and advisors Patrick
Murphy and Ben Ward. Both of you have made major and everlasting
contributions to the New York City Police Department and to our
profession.
As some of you know, I have lived in many parts of the
country. I was born here in Oklahoma, raised in California, and
lived in Cregon; Maryland: Washington, D.C.; Georgia; Texas; and
now New York. I point that out because in the course of my
career, I have made a lot of friends throughout America, and in
other countries as well. For that reason, I will not attempt to
acknowledge all of my friends who are here tonight, except to say
that I sincerely appreciate your support and friendship over the
years, and thank all members of the IACP for your confidence in
electing me to serve as your President.
I do. however, want to introduce and acknowledge my family
members wt.o are here with me tonight. First of all, my only son,
Patrick, who is a minister in Schaumburg, Illinois. Second, my
oldest daughter, Torri Clark, who is also the mother of my twin
grandsons, Ashlan and Ryan, could not be here, but her husband
Tony is here. They live in Flossmore, Illinois. Third, my twin
daughters, Robyn and Jenna, who are college students in Houston.
In addition, I am pleased that my brother-in-law, Cleo Streets,
from San Prancisco is here tonight. I am very pleased to have my
youngest brother, Earl, here. He is from Fresno, California.
I am also glad that a man who has been a member of my family
for the last ten years, Jerry Moore from Houston, Texas, is here
tonight. Finally, I am glad my Aunt, Hattie Rathford, who lives
here in Tulsa, was able to join us.
SENT BY:POLICE COMMISSIONER ; 3- 6-92 ; 11:10 ;
12024566218;# 4
- 2 -
Most of all, I want to acknowledge my wife of over 30 years,
Yvonne, who has been a strong supporter, an inspiration, and
friend. Her understanding and support has allowed me to do the
things that I have done in order to reach the point of serving as
President of the International Association of Chiefs of Police,
and I express to her my sincere appreciation.
Fifty-three years and six days ago, in this great state of
Oklahoma, in a small country town called Wewoka, a son was born
to the parents of Andrew and Zelma Brown. Not having access to a
doctor, or: a hospital, the baby was delivered by an aunt. The
birth certificate read, "Baby Brown".
Five years later, the Brown Family loaded all of their
worldly balongings on the back of a truck. Joined by other
families, they drove to California in search of a better way of
life. They ended up on a grape farm near Fresno, where their
first home was_ a barn, where bed sheets were strung up to
separate the space designated as "homes" for the families that
shared that barn.
The Brown Family ultimately made its home in and around
Fowler, California, earning a living by picking cotton, cutting
grapes and working in the various other agricultural crops that
made the Ban Joaquin Valley famous as an agricultural center for
the world.
Today, Baby Brown's birth certificate has been amended, and
it now reads Lee Patrick Brown.
It in from that humble beginning, that I stand before you
this evening, with great pride and a strong sense of humility, to
accept the honor of serving as President of the International
Association of Chiefs of Police, the world's oldest, largest and
most prestigious police association.
IACP is an organization that has made a difference. It is
an organization with a history of being in the forefront of law
enforcement.
Recently, on a trip to IACP headquarters, I took a moment to
look over a few of the photos that chronicle some of the more
memorable events in our Association's past. One of the more
striking among these is a photograph of police chiefs who
attended the first annual IACP conference in St. Louis, Missouri,
on May 8th, 1894. In the photo, some 50 serious-looking,
primarily mustached gentlemen, stand for a traditional group
photograph on what appears to be their conference hotel steps.
SENT BY:POLICE COMMISSIONER ; 3- 6-92 ; 11:10
12024566218;# 5
- 3 -
It struck me what extraordinary changes have taken place
since ther. Clearly, IACP was not a representative organization.
It did not represent the cultural, racial, religious and ethnic
diversity that makes America the great country that it is. The
IACP, then, did not benefit from international contributions
or reflect the interest, and views of over 65 different nations
as it does today.
The fact that I stand before you tonight as the first
African American President, having been elected in Salt Lake
City, Utan, with the highest percentage of vote ever...as the
first Police Commissioner from New York City and one of the few
majo:- city police chiefs to serve as President is a testimonial
to where we are today relative to what we were 97 years ago.
Yet, as I looked at that picture, I could not help but
wonder what were the challenges that confronted the founding
fathers of IACP. I do not have an answer to that question, but I
do know that today, international narcotics trafficking,
organized crime and global narco-terrorism, unprecedented street
violence and household crimes a large percentage of which are
linked to narcotics addiction
gang violence, the prevalence of
automatic weapons in criminal activity, and the increasing
readiness of street offenders to use these weapons, have
significantly altered the challenges faced by the law enforcement
profession.
Perhaps more disturbing than these crimes themselves are.
their personal and social consequences. Drug-addicted infants
and youths who have lost one or both parents to drugs or crime,
children who have no guidance or proper role models, youths
without proper nutrition
without adequate housing
without
care,
and
most tragically
without love
these
are
glaring,
innocent casualties of our drug epidemic. How can one look at a
boarder baby, a young child whose body has been ravaged by drugs,
kids carrying handguns to school, children selling crack from
bicycles, or young people so hooked on drugs that they willingly
risk death from Aids by sharing contaminated needles, and not
feel profound sadness for the loss of humanity, and fear for the
future of our children and society.
In my personal viewpoint, these child victims are the most
difficult to accept. Children who should be playing hopscotch,
climbing trees, playing baseball, or making castles in the sand
are now all too often consumed with the desire to satisfy
personal drug habits or to emulate the wealthy drug dealers they
see daily in their neighborhoods.
SENT BY:POLICE COMMISSIONER ; 3- 6-92 ; 11:11
12024566218:# 6
- 4 -
Tens of thousands more who suffer diminished mental capacity
because of personal or prenatal drug consumption are now doomed
to live a shadow existence in a society where they might
otherwise have contributed, or even prospered. The human loss
and social consequences of these young drug casualties, is as
unfathomable as it is unacceptable.
I, like you, often feel frustration, anger, and a fair
amount of despair in confronting these and related problems,
because I know the consequences will be felt for generations to
come. But, I, like you, also know that this battle for our
communities, is far from over, and far from hopeless.
As I see it, our challenge today in light of all the
problems that confront us is to make a difference.
I left Portland, Oregon and went to Atlanta, Georgia because
I felt I could make a difference
and
we
did.
The
Atlanta
Police Department and the city of Atlanta is better because of
that difference.
I left Atlanta to go to Houston because I felt I could make
a
difference and we did. The Houston Police Department and the
city of Houston is now better because of that difference.
I ran for the sixth Vice President of the IACP because I
felt I could make a difference, and we have made a difference,
and we will continue to make a difference.
In order to make that difference during my Presidency, there
are a number of things that I want to accomplish, as well as lay
the foundation for future accomplishments. I am convinced that
as an Association, we can and will make a difference in policing
throughout the world.
It is in that context that I am dedicating my Presidency to
the children of the world. I sincerely believe in the words that
are contained in the song that was sung by Whitney Houston at the
opening of this banquet, and that is, "The children are our
future." So, I challenge every member of the IACP in your own
unique and individual way, to go back to your respective
jurisdictions and use the resources of your police agency to make
this world a better place for our children.
Second, I also want to advance the effectiveness of our
profession. Therefore, I will continue the work already started
to create a police leadership institute for the International
Association of Chiefs of Police. The purpose of that institute,
coming out of IACP's new foundation, will be to go beyond the
SENT BY:POLICE COMMISSIONER ; 3- 6-92 ; 11:12 ;
12024566218:# 7
- 5 -
concept of management training, and insure that we provide the
necessary opportunities for our members to enhance their
leadership skills. I am pleased to report our early success in
securing funding to get the institute off the ground and to
continue its operation. I believe police leadership can make a
difference.
Coupled with the leadership institute, I want to take
advantage of the tremendous amount of knowledge gained by those
who have retired and are no longer active members of the policing
profession. To that end, I want to create a mentoring program
that taps the resources of our retired colleagues. Furthermore,
I believe that we must give due recognition to people who have
made significant contributions to our profession. It is for that
reason that I will ask the board of officers to support the
creation of a police chiefs roll of honor. Entrance onto the
roll of honor should be based upon the criterion that one has
made a significant contribution to our profession. That means
that we would go back to people such as Sir Robert Peel, August
Vollmer, ().W. Wilson, and others throughout the world that have
made law enforcement a better profession because of their
contributions. Recognition of our professionals deserves no less
than the recognition given to our sports heros.
Fourth, I want to advance the internationalism of the IACP.
I ran on the campaign of doing so and during my tenure as
President, I will continue to do so. It is for that reason, I
will be working toward establishing additional world regional
offices. We now have one in Europe, and my goal during the next
year will be to create offices in the Far East, on the continent
of Africa, for the Caribbean Islands and the Pacific rim.
Fifth, I will use the position as President of the
International Association of Chiefs of Police to continue to push
for the federal government to assist us at the local level in
addressing the problems of crime, violence and drugs. I will
carry on the battle to get effective gun control legislation,
such as the passage of the Brady Bill, and a ban on the domestic
manufacture of assault weapons weapons that serve only one
purpose -- that is to kill as many people, as rapidly as
possible. You can help on this issue. You can help by writing
or calling the Speaker of the House and tell him,
"Speaker Foley, help law enforcement by
bringing the Brady Bill to the floor for
a vote. Mr. Speaker, put the lives of
our citizens and our cops above politics
and help pass the Brady Bill."
SENT BY:POLICE COMMISSIONER ; 3- 6-92 ; 11:12 ;
12024566218;# 8
- 6 -
I will continue to push for greater involvement of the
federal government in assisting those of us on the front line in
addressing the problem of drugs that bring, all too often,
misery, despair and death. I will push for more resources that
go directly to the localities themselves.
And Einally, I am concerned that for too long, those of us
in law enforcement have been called upon to bear the burden of
crime by ourselves. For that reason, I hereby issue a call to
the President of the United States to immediately convene a
commission of the best and brightest minds in the country for the
purpose cf examining the problem of crime, and violence in
America, with the objective of developing, a comprehensive
national crime control plan involving all relevant segments of
government and all appropriate institutions in order to make a
difference.
I call upon the President to include in this commission, not
just members of our profession, not just members of the criminal
justice system, but also the best and brightest economists, and
social scientists, the best and brightest health professionals
and educators; in short, gather together the best and brightest
from all relevant professions to insure that, for the first time
in the history of America, we can address crime in a
comprehensive way by outlining a national agenda that makes
sense
an agenda that will make a difference.
But 1: need your help to get this done. I want a message to
come out of this 97th annual conference of the International
Association of Chiefs of Police to go to 1600 Pennsylvania
Avenue, loud and clear, saying, "Mr. President, we need your
help. We need your help now. Develop a national crime control
plan for the nineties. One that focuses all the resources of
this government on truly waging a war against those who engage in
the business of misery, despair, and death. Do so, Mr.
President, because our country is experiencing an epidemic of
drugs, a proliferation of handguns, and an escalation of
violence." Tell him that, "Mr. President, we commend you for
your strong and quick action to protect the security of Saudi
Arabia, but in addition to waging that war, help us fight the war
at home. Here, on the streets of our city, people are being
killed. They are not soldiers, they are our children."
So, when you go back to your respective communities, take
the time to write the President, and tell him, "Mr. President, we
need your help now."
Let ne close by saying that it is a singular honor for me to
assume the position of President of this prestigious group, the
International Association of Chiefs of Police.
SENT BY:POLICE COMMISSIONER ; 3- 6-92 ; 11:13 ;
12024566218:# 9
- 7 -
I am pleased to be able to serve as President at a time when
IACP is fulfilling its mandate to be the premier organization for
police leadership in the world.
My pledge to you tonight is that I will use my energy to
make a difference. We can make a difference. Together we can
make this world a better place in which to live.
Thank you.
03/06/92
13:54
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P001/009
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SIGNATURE OF DIVISION DIRECTOR
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Chapter VII. Minority Male Opportunity and Responsibility Project
Agency:
Social Development Commission
231 West Wisconsin Avenue
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53203-2306
Agency Director:
Robert Odom
Project Directors:
Carole Sample/George Herharz
Evaluator:
Phillip Lerman
Contact Person:
George Gerharz
Telephone:
(414) 272-5600
Project Type:
Minority male demonstration project
Project Title:
Minority Male Opportunity and Responsibility
Model:
Case Management and Job Club
Project Period:
September 1988 to September 1990
1.
Background
A.
Project Purpose
The overall purpose of the Minority Male Opportunity and Responsibility (MMOR) project
was to enable and encourage young minority males to become self-sufficient and more
involved in their family and community. This goal was to be achieved through
participation in a long-term, case-managed program of educational, vocational, and other
support services.
The project's primary hypothesis was that an individualized, comprehensive, long-term, and
case-managed approach will significantly increase the ability of minority males to become
self-sufficient, more involved with their children and families, and positively participate in
their community.
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B.
Project Description
MMOR provided a full range of educational and vocational training skills within the
framework of long-term case management.
The case management approach enabled the development of relationships in which staff
could identify problems, elicit participant acknowledgement of problems, develop work
plans with participants and assist them in resolving problems directly and through referral.
The goals of the program were to assist participants to become self-sufficient, reduce
dependence on public assistance, and increase social responsibility in terms of family and
community. For project purposes, the following "benchmark" objectives were identified:
Attainment of 9th grade reading and math levels
Enrollment in a program to obtain either a GED or high school diploma
Enrollment in and/or completion of a skills (especially vocational skills) training
program
Obtaining and maintaining entry level part- or full-time employment
Improved health status
Decreased use of drugs and alcohol
Increased contact with children in the family
Improved self-esteem.
C.
Partnerships
Partnerships were established with the Milwaukee County Department of Social Services;
the Milwaukee County Combined Services Board (CCSB) for Alcohol and Other Drug
Abuse (AODA) Services; Milwaukee Area Technical College and Project Transition for
Vocational testing assessment and class placement; and New Concept Self Development
Center for parenting classes.
In addition to the formal partnerships with these agencies, informal relationships were
established with local AODA programs, the court system, probation and parole, the Legal
Aid Society, the Social Security Administration, and Family Services of Milwaukee.
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Referral to full-time job search and job acquisition.
Termination from project and referral to DHSS for Work Relief site
assignment.
It quickly became apparent that this complex system needed to be abandoned and a
"job first" approach be put in place.
Although the top priority for participants was immediate employment, several barriers
needed to be addressed before successful job placement could occur.
$ince their perception of their ability to secure and maintain a job exceeded the
realities of the Milwaukee job market, it was necessary to develop an activity that
would provide staff with an opportunity to assist the participants in building realistic
job-seeking and survival skills needed to secure and maintain employment that would
give them a living wage, benefits, and the chance for upward mobility. It was also
felt that the participants needed a mechanism that could provide them with emotional
and psychological support. To meet this need, the Job Club was designed and
implemented as an integral facet of the MMOR Project.
2)
Job Club
The Job Club became the most vital component of the project. Each participant met
in a Job Club twice a week for 3 hours. Participants began to look forward to the
meeting, because it became their only opportunity to discuss personal problems and
frustrations without fear of retribution or loss of dignity or respect by peers. It also
became the forum to promote personal and community life skills, including parenting,
interpersonal relationship building, and life goal setting.
The Job Club promoted bonding within the circle of staff and participants, which led
to the emotional and psychological support the participants needed. Case managers
were included in the Job Club sessions. These sessions became an opportunity for
them to observe participants' behavior and obtain a better understanding of their
problems.
The modification or redesign of the project methodology resulted in increased
attendance by participants in the educational component and in the Job Club as well
as a renewed interest in the program. Attrition rates were decreased and job
placements began to increase. Clients began to experience fewer problems in
personal relationships, and those that needed special assistance with AODA problems
actively sought treatment.
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Chapter VII.
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The Job Club format became the most powerful tool of the program. Issues of job
discrimination, alcohol and drug problems, personal relationships, and child rearing
became ready subjects for discussion.
The Job Club experience also led to several additional revisions in program format.
For example, where AODA was a problem, attempts had previously been made to
refer participants to social agencies offering AODA outpatient counseling. In many
instances, participants failed to show up at outside referral sites or arrived too late
for sessions. Discussions at the Job Club led managers to request on-site AODA
counseling. The Social Development commission (SDC) obtained and established on-
site counseling, which resulted in much quicker turn-around time for participants and
much lower treatment attrition. With AODA counseling, classroom Basic Skills
availability, and weekly self-esteem workshops all available at one location, clients
were less likely to be lost when referred outside the area.
3)
Revision of Case Management System
The case management system was designed to permit the case manager not only to
oversee the client's progress, but to act as an academic counselor as well. After the
client completed the 5-week class cycle, the case manager was able, based on class
participation, absenteeism, and other additional pertinent information, to encourage
and develop the next step in the process.
The case management model finally adopted by the project was based on a proactive
rather than a reactive approach. This approach focused on listening to what clients
needed and building a response to these needs.
Initial screening and assessment interviews were effective in early identification of
AODA problems, functional illiteracy, and other immediate intervention by the case
manager. Assessment also enabled staff to identify and meet the participant's basic
needs (i.e., an individual development plan was completed jointly with the participant
and the case manager). This plan defined specific short- and long-term goals that the
participants would need to meet in order to assure a successful completion of the
MMOR program.
The proactive case management model was extremely successful with the MMOR
participants. The establishment of trust and confidence in the staff by the participants
bore measurable results, such as the participants' willingness to discuss problems and
issues that negatively impacted their ability to reach their life goals. In addition, the
openness in which they were willing to seek advice from staff and follow through on
that advice to a successful conclusion was encouraging.
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4)
Elimination of Formal Parenting Classes
From summer through fall 1989, additional revisions were made in project format.
The original 5-week class in parenting skills, self-esteem, goal setting, and
community awareness was abandoned because those participants working part-time
or holding second and third shift jobs in the "underground economy" expressed
dissatisfaction with the class format. They perceived the course as "preachy," and
not relevant to more pressing issues. In addition, with the availability of "cash
economy" summer jobs, absenteeism became a factor and the flow of clients, already
slowed due to changes in the GA population base, further diminished.
Participants also indicated an interest in taking a more direct role in their education
process. Parenting classes were integrated with the Job Club format and experts from
New Concepts were brought in at designated intervals to answer that particular need.
After 1 year of operation, the original target population and project design had
substantially changed. The target population changes were necessitated because of
a change in the recruitment pool for the project. The design changes were made as
it became evident that the initially formulated approach was not effective in reaching
this new target population.
5)
Use of Control Group
Through agreement with the Milwaukee County Department of Social Services, 50
individuals were randomly chosen to serve as a control group. This group was
simply notified that they might be contacted in the future regarding some information
that the Department was collecting; they agreed to be contacted. The project was
given their name, social security number, address, and telephone number.
The project did not attempt to contact any of the control group members for 6
months. When it attempted to make contact with this population, it obtained virtually
no response. Only 7 of the 50 could be contacted, either through the mail or via
phone. When contact was made with someone in the household in which they had
resided, a number of reasons were given as to why they were no longer at this
address (e.g., moved, moved to another State, were in jail).
It became clear that other ways had to be found to provide "comparison" data, and
that a traditional social science control group would not be possible for this low-
income and mobile population that has a great distrust of the human service and
police/court systems.
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C.
Outcomes
Participants were affected in a variety of ways. In spite of difficulties and changes in
implementation, the following outcomes occurred:
Two hundred and two (52 percent) of the original 389 clients referred were screened
and provided with an assessment of basic needs for food, shelter, legal, and/or health
problems. One hundred and thirty-four were formally enrolled in the MMOR project.
Eighty-nine (66 percent) participated in Basic Skills or GED preparation classes.
Forty-one (31 percent) were referred to the Milwaukee Area Technical College
(MATC). Of these, 10 received MATC vocational assessment; 20 enrolled in Project
Transition preparatory to enrollment in a MATC certificate or associated degree
program; and 10 enrolled in regular MATC diploma/certificate programs.
One hundred and sixteen (87 percent) actively pursued employment through the job
development and placement component. This component got off to a slow start, but
became more productive after staff changes were made and the Job Club (peer
counseling) concept was introduced.
Thirty-six (27 percent) secured and held jobs for 90 days or more, a direct result of
their involvement in the project. Twenty-five others floated in and out of jobs and
continued to participate in Job Club activities. (An additional seven entered
employment after the project ended.)
At one point in early October 1989, the men in the Job Club formed a "Job Service"
cooperative. They took an inventory of their skills and experiences, established a home and
small business repair service, and printed flyers and distributed them in several areas of the
inner city. They had a good response rate and kept their business going through winter and
spring 1990.
Again, because of marketplace conditions, most of their business was done on a cash basis.
This cooperative still functions on an informal basis.
Several of the participants attended the Job Club until the very end of the project. Several
participants still visit the project office to discuss their problems and success with the staff.
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Chapter VII.
Minority Male Opportunity and Responsibility Project
2)
Community
The project had a positive impact in the community and institutions within the
community were quick to recognize the significance of the project. The project's
first major impact was its ability to focus attention on the problems of the black
young adult males. A series of stories in the press directed the community's
attention to the "forgotten male" in our society.
The State Department of Corrections' Probation and Parole Division initiated a
contract with SDC for use of the MMOR model to serve corrections clients. The
contract became operational on October 1, 1990.
MMOR was also responsible for focusing attention on the lack of alcohol/drug abuse
clinical facilities within target population areas and the need for on-site AODA
counseling services by inner-city social service agencies. Both the SDC and other
community-based social service organizations were able to begin discussions with
city, county, and State for on-site outpatient counseling.
Another significant outcome related to agency relationships. Case managers,
recognizing the need for longer-term relationships, developed strong ties with
individual professionals in cooperating agencies. The project demonstrated that a
"person who cares" mentality could help overcome bureaucratic barriers.
A prime example of this staff attitude is characterized by the TABE test
methodology. People were tested at SDC West without a clock after hearing the test
giver's statement, "This test is being administered to determine at what grade level
you are so that we may assign you to the correct class in which we'll help you-so
then you can get a job at a decent wage." This always resulted in higher math and
reading scores, as compared to factory assembly-line procedures at the County
Welfare Department.
Other positive outcomes related to children and families. MMOR participants tried
to be good fathers and cherished the memories of their own good family relations.
They responded positively to their case managers. There was no question that many
desired a more normal family relationship. This was demonstrated repeatedly by
their desire to have case managers meet their "significant others" and many men
requested joint counseling sessions. "Significant others" were brought to individual
counseling sessions and sometimes to class. Consideration was given to developing
a family counseling service, but no funds were available.
The "significant other" issue was particularly stressful for those men who had reached
the decision to deal with their alcohol or drug problem. Once that decision was
resolved, and if a partner was involved in the problem, the men needed to involve
their partner in finding adequate counseling. When and if the project is replicated
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Chapter VII.
Minority Male Opportunity and Responsibility Project
or continued, much more attention must be given to providing a family counseling
structure.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
SCHEDULE OF THE PRESIDENT
FOR
WASHINGTON, D.C.
MONDAY, MARCH 9, 1992
EVENT:
Address National League of Cities' Annual Legislative Conference
DRESS:
Men
- Business Suit
Women
- Day Dress
CONTACTS:
Presidential Advance Office
Ed Murnane
- 202/456-7565
Trip Coordinator
Kris Goodwin
- 202/456-7565
ADVANCE:
Jack McDougle
- LEAD
John Hutchison
- PRESS
Anthony Triplett
- USSS
Doug Furness
- WHCA
Russ Cancilla
- MIL. AIDE
WEATHER:
Partly Cloudy/Mid 60's
SCHEDULE OF THE PRESIDENT
FOR
WASHINGTON, D.C.
MONDAY, MARCH 9, 1992
11:25 am
THE PRESIDENT boards Motorcade and departs
White House en route Washington Hilton Hotel.
MOTORCADE ASSIGNMENTS:
Lead
Spare
B. Farish
Doctor
LIMO
THE PRESIDENT
Follow Up
Control
S. Skinner
Mil. Aide
Support
M. Fitzwater
S. Rogich
M. Lukens
Official Photographer
Medic
WHCA
Staff I
D. Anderson
S. Rollins
J. Snyder
Staff II
All Remaining Staff
(minivan)
Press Van I
M. Busch
Press Van II
(Drive Time: 5 Minutes)
11:30 am
THE PRESIDENT arrives Washington Hilton Hotel
and proceeds to Cabinet Room.
Met by:
Mr. Richard Frisch
Resident Manager, Washington Hilton Hotel
Ms. Elaine Robinson
Executive Assistant Manager, Washington Hilton
Hotel
11:32 am
THE PRESIDENT arrives Cabinet Room and
holds briefly.
Met by:
Ms. Glenda E. Hood
Commissioner, Orlando, Florida and President,
National League of Cities
The Honorable Wellington Webb
Mayor, Denver, Colorado
The Honorable Robert G. Young
Mayor, Henderson, North Carolina
Ms. Doris Ward
Supervisor, San Francisco, California
Ms. Alice Wolf
Councillor, Cambridge, Massachusetts
Ms. Mary Rose Wilcox
Councilmember, Phoenix, Arizona
Ms. Rillastine R. Wilkins
Councilmember, Muskegon Heights, Michigan
Mr. Donald J. Borut
Executive Director, National League of Cities
Page Two
11:35 am
THE PRESIDENT departs Cabinet Room and
proceeds to International Ballroom Off-Stage
Announcement Area.
11:37 am
THE PRESIDENT arrives International Ballroom
Off-Stage Announcement Area and holds
briefly.
NOTE:
Dais Guests will be on Stage
at this time.
EVENT:
ADDRESS NATIONAL LEAGUE OF CITIES' ANNUAL
LEGISLATIVE CONFERENCE
OPEN PRESS
RUFFLES AND FLOURISHES
OFF-STAGE ANNOUNCEMENT
HAIL TO THE CHIEF
REMARKS
TELEPROMPTER
11:38 am
THE PRESIDENT is announced onto Dais and
proceeds to Seat at Head Table.
11:40 am
THE PRESIDENT is introduced for Remarks
by Ms. Glenda Hood, Commissioner, Orlando, Florida
and President, National League of Cities.
11:45 am
THE PRESIDENT Remarks.
Page Three
12:05 pm
THE PRESIDENT concludes Remarks, departs
Dais, and proceeds to Holding Room.
12:06 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Holding Room and holds
briefly.
12:08 pm
THE PRESIDENT departs Holding Room and proceeds
to Motorcade.
12:10 pm
THE PRESIDENT boards Motorcade and departs
Washington Hilton Hotel en route White
House.
MOTORCADE ASSIGNMENTS:
Same as on Arrival.
(Drive Time: 5 Minutes)
12:15 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives White House.
Page Four
Children's Defense Fund
202-628-8787
Pres National Police ASSOC.
"Chief of Police N.Y.C.
"Lee Brown"
/
ANNA Guidery
401-5318
CHICAGO
COUNCIE
ON URBAN
AFFAIRS
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DATE: 3/6/92
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6 North Michigan Avenue Suite 1308 Chicago, Illinois 60602 (312) 782.3511 FAX (312) 782.0748
I ' d
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ONECITY
Chicago Council on Urban Affairs
January/February, 1991
Chicago's
Urban
Agenda
1991
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ONECITY
Forging Urban Agenda 1991
I. 1989, during the special mayoral election campaign after the death of Mayor Harold Washington, the
Chicago Council on Urban Affairs began a tradition by drafting the Election '89 Agenda that offered specific
policy recommendations on priority issues facing the city.
Selection of issues and specific policy suggestions came from hundreds of leaders from community
organizations, business, advocacy and civic groups. Their informed expressions reflected concerns of a broad
racial and ethnic spectrum of the city as well as many community areas in Chicago. Detailed statements were
drafted on education, housing, jobs and employment, economic development and health care.
Last year, the Chicago Council on Urban Affairs reviewed the Election '89 Agenda at a series of noontime
forums at which commissioners of various city departments reported on what they have done to meet concerns
of citizens and taxpayers. These forums were not "accountability sessions" as such, but rather opportunities to
look at how Chicago's new administration views its role and ways in which issues and challenges have been
changed by time and by decisons of a new administration.
Now Chicago voters are faced with 1991 election choices for mayor, city clerk, city treasurer and 50
aldermen. This is an appropriate time to look again at city issues. The Chicago Council on Urban Affairs
repeated its agenda-drafting process, this time drawing upon the expertise of more than 60 representative
organization leaders who answered questionnaires and selected our seven top issues: Chicago's Public
Schools, Poverty, Health Care, Job Training and Employment, Affordable Housing, Criminal Justice, and
Business and Economic Development. These issues were further developed by more than 50 civic and
community leaders who participated in 25 hours of detailed discussions and those who offered questions and
comments at noontime forums. The product of their work is this Urban Agenda 1991, a document that
highlights particular problems and presents specific challenges that confront candidates and that election-day
victors can be expected to meet.
Urban Agenda 1991 was prepared with the consultation of Ronald F. Gibbs, Eliana Steele and Christine E.
Lidbury of Gibbs and Company, Inc. Final agenda statements were written by Richard C. Bjorklund, vice
president and director of publications of the Council. The entire urban-agenda project was directed by Ann
Seng, president of the Chicago Council on Urban Affairs. Funding for the Urban Agenda 1991 was provided
by the Joyce Foundation.
No particular policy recommendation is specifically endorsed by the Chicago Council on Urban Affairs nor
by the organizational affiliations of the many individuals who contributed to developing this agenda.
Chicago's Public Schools
T
he Chicago Public Schools,
Proficiency, placed 70% of Chicago
administrative and some curriculum
which educate 408,000 students in
Public School students below the
control in the hands of parents and
607 schools, have created local
national average in reading and
community representatives with
turmoil and generated national
mathematics.
participation by faculty members
criticism for being the "worst in the
To correct these conditions,
and school principals.
nation," as one former Cabinet
Chicago citizens and the State of
Now nearing its 18-month
member put it. Over the past 10
Illinois, which certifies teachers and
benchmark, the LSC system has not
years, the public school system has
is by law responsible for funding
yet had a full trial of its effectiveness
had five appointed or acting
common-school education, moved
in decentralizing control of school
superintendents (Caruso, Love,
boldly in 1988 to adopt the Chicago
administration, curriculum
Byrd, Almo and Kimbrough). Its
School Reform Act. That law set up
development and local
most recent tests of effectiveness,
a system of Local School Councils
budget-making decisions. The very
the Iowa Test of Basic Skills and the
(LSC's) designed to improve the
newness of LSC's accounts for much
Test of Achievement and
school system by placing
of the uncertainly about their
January - February, 1991
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FROM CCUA
success. There are helpful steps to
voluntary PTA members but
overshadowed by the result of a
be taken by the central
rather elected public officials.
lawsuit filed by 47 Illinois school
administration and by the newly
Another impediment to LSC
districts that challenges the state-aid
appointed 15-member Chicago Board
effectiveness came last fall when the
formula as being inequitable and
of Education, including:
Illinois Supreme Court held
inadequate.
Relinquishment of authority by
unconstitutional the election system
The $2.3 billion annual budget of
the school superintendent and
that segregated voters into categories
the Chicago Public Schools is met by
central school administration to
for selecting separately the six
local property taxes (45%), state aid
give LSC's the full authority
parents, two community
(43%) and by federal funds (12%)
granted them under the School
representatives and two teachers to
doled out for specific programs.
Reform Act.
serve on each 11-member council.
State aid has not increased for
More extensive support and
Such a system, the court ruled,
Chicago since 1988. Eighty percent
information from the central
violates the one person/one vote
of increases in state school funding
school-administration office on
formula decreed by the U.S. Supreme
started in 1981 to go entirely to rural
Pershing Road.
Court.
areas outside of the six-county area
Improved communication
A "quick fix" correction of the
("south of I-80," as some put it)
system was adopted by the General
because of lower assessments of
among the LSC's, the school
Assembly in a special January
Illinois farmland. Federal aid has
superintendent and new
session, and the mayor followed up
shifted from program to program
members of the Chicago Board
of Education, who were.
by reappointing LSC members
during that time, but the level of U.S.
elected by their communities. This
assistance to Chicago schools has
appointed to bring about a
changed relationship between
constitutional question will be raised
remained about the same for a
again in the General Assembly's 1991
decade despite a 30% increase in the
the board and local school
session when legislators must adopt
cost of living.
communities.
a constitutionally acceptable system
An immediate challenge to the
Direct involvement of the
of selecting more than 5,000 LSC
next city administration will be to
deputy mayor for education in
members.
give maximum support to extension
creating a working relationship
Meanwhile, LSC's have endured
of the state's income-tax surcharge
among the LSC's, the school
uncertainty about their legal status
due to expire in 1991. Under this
superintendent and other
as they consider retention or hiring
surcharge, an issue in the 1990
agencies meeting economic and
of principais and other matters of
gubernatorial campaign, individuals
social needs of families with
school administration subject to
pay .5% in addition to the basic 2.5%
students in the Chicago Public
court challenges. The city
rate; corporations pay 8% over their
Schools.
administration, therefore, has a high
basic 4% rate. One-half of this 20%
Clarification of LSC powers and
responsibility immediately after the
surcharge goes to local government
implementation of "full
election to go beyond the "quick fix"
units (including the City of Chicago)
decentralization" that would
constitutional remedy adopted by
and the remainder to schools under
strengthen Local School
the legislature to put LSC's on firm
the state funding formula. If the
Councils and transfer to them
legal footing.
surcharge is not extended, the
functions historically in the
Greater effectiveness of Local
Chicago Public Schools and the City
hands of the central office. Such
School Councils should lead to
of Chicago will face budgetary crises
a change would reduce the cost
improved student performance, if
this year.
of operating the school system
the advocates of Chicago school
Budgets of both the schools and
by reducing duplicated
reform are correct in believing that
the city were drawn up on the
authority and effort.
local control will result in better
assumption that the state income-tax
Greater support of individual
education. Improvement in
surcharge would be continued. The
Local School Councils by district
performance on nationally
city administration has obligated
service centers, charged with
recognized tests by Chicago school
itself to make every effort to extend
providing training and support
children would then logically
this state tax assistance.
services.
provide a strong argument for
Strong arguments for extension of
Community emphasis on the
increased funding of the Chicago
the surcharge are:
legal responsibilities of
Public Schools by the Illinois General
The State of Illinois imposes a
members of the LSC's, some of
Assembly, now seeking a
low level of income tax relative
whom fail to attend meetings or
reassessment of the state's school-aid
to other Great Lakes states.
be diligent in their duties
formula from a task force.
Greater reliance for school
because they don't recognize
However, work of this School
funding in Illinois is placed,
that they are no longer
Finance Task Force may be
therefore, on sales taxes and the
4
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state lottery, both of which
for the deputy mayor should bring
by the Chicago School Reform Act,
impose heavy burdens on those
about:
but teachers have not yet been given
taxpayers least able to afford it.
Necessary coordination among
time to do the job. Instead, it is
Illinois, which stands 11th
the Local School Councils, the
performed by a heavily overstaffed
among the 50 states in
Board of Education and the
curriculum department in the central
aggregate wealth, stands 44th
superintendent of schools.
office, a condition contrary to the
among the states in its
Creation of more programs for
decentralization necessary to school
per-person support for common
single mothers within the school
reform. If 60 positions one-half of
schools.
the central-office curriculum staff
system and coordination with
An argument for additional
city and private social-service
were eliminated, the savings would
federal funding of schools in
agencies for those programs that
provide funding for five teachers in
Chicago is that Illinoisans pay 63
do exist.
every local school to meet for a half
cents of their tax dollars to the U.S.
day each week on a rotating basis.
Fair distribution of school
government but get very little back
This would provide enough time to
in the form of federal contracts,
expenditures and facility
develop local-school study programs
facilities or funding.
improvements throughout the
that meet standards and objectives
Long-term financial security for
city to assure that quality
set by the central office.
Chicago schools could come from
education is provided to all
children.
School buildings in Chicago,
the work of the School Finance Task
which represent significant
Force, now at work to find viable
Opening regular lines of
investments on behalf of taxpayers,
alternatives to the property tax as
communication between the
can be utilized more effectively for
the main support of school revenues.
schools and public and private
adult-education programs,
Property taxes in Illinois annually
agencies, including parks,
community activities and meetings
provide $8 billion, more than
libraries, social-service facilities,
of Local School Councils. The new
sales-tax and income-tax combined.
health-care providers and other
spirit of community control of
Resentments against use of most
services vital in student/family
schools carries with it the concept of
life.
property-tax revenues for schools
using school facilities more
are often voiced by homeowners
Those concerned with
intensively to bring communities of
who do not have children in school,
improvement and long-term strength
Chicago together.
particularly elderly people on fixed
of the Chicago Public Schools are
School environments should be
incomes.
wary of proposals that purport to
improved for students as well as for
Those concerned about the
offer parental "choice" in the
faculty and staff throughout the city
short-term financial health of the
selection of schools. They point out
on an equitable basis. More funding
Chicago Public Schools point to the
that various "voucher" systems have
should be provided to improve
possibility of re-negotiating the
failed because of problems of
facilities and to increase salaries at
three-year contract concluded
distance, transportation, availability
the local-school level by reducing
between the Chicago Teachers Union
of space in "chosen" schools and
expenditures on a central-office
and the Interim school board.
other factors.
bureaucracy that has grown
Salaries and benefits, contract critics
Moreover, Chicago already offers
top-heavy with personnel and
point out, consume 72.3% of the
"public-school choice" to half of all
attendant costs. Part of the program
school budget.
high-school students, who are able to
to upgrade school facilities should
Appointment of a deputy mayor
choose to attend "receiving" schools,
be the examination of the possibility
for education in May of 1989 was
and to a quarter of all
of acquiring schools shuttered by the
generally applauded by
elementary-school pupils.
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of
school-reform advocates. The
Before a voucher system or other
Chicago.
position was seen as providing a
forms of "choice" are offered as
While there is need for more
bridge between the community and
alternatives to the Chicago Public
bilingual teachers in the Chicago
the mayor as well as between the
Schools, careful consideration should
Public Schools, questions have been
school system and the wide range of
be given to the financial impact of
raised about the effectiveness of the
public services that affect the lives of
such programs on public schools and
process. Bilingual education should
schoolchildren and their families.
to problems posed by potential
produce young people capable of
After two years in place, the
"creaming" out of the system some of
expressing themselves and reading
office of deputy mayor for education
the best students.
in two languages, but some students
is now widely perceived as being
Primary responsibility for
master neither one.
ineffective and without
developing local-school curriculums
empowerment. A more active role
was assigned to local-school teachers
January a February, 1991
5
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ONECITY
Poverty
D
ictionaries define poverty as
For a clearer view, Chicago'
The city should examine the
"state or condition of having little or
poverty population could be divided
possibility of creating a
no money, goods or means of
into four distinct groups:
tax-increment special-service
support." Legal definitions of
Intergenerational.poor - Those
district as is done with major
poverty used to provide aid for the
who are persistently poor, often
developments to treat the poor
poor are starker still: A single
living on welfare payments in
as potential resources for the
person defined as poverty-stricken
public housing.
city who could be more
must have an income of no more
Alienated poor People who are
productive and provide tax
than $6,280 a year, and a family of
four is limited to $12,700.
homeless and generally living
revenues if they had jobs or
in the streets, unable to find
By this definition, more than
positions that pay living wages.
860,000 Chicagoans, mostly women
assistance or unwilling to accept
Chicago should view poverty as
the kind of assistance offered.
the final effect of discrimination
and children, are currently living in
poverty. And, though the city itself
Working poor People who
and neglect, not a cause of
is not responsible for so-called
cannot find jobs paying living
problems, and approach
"transfer payments" to assist the
wages, but nevertheless are
assistance to the poor in a
poor, many city services covered in
employed at one or more jobs
unified way, understanding that
other sections of this Urban Agenda
trying to make ends meet.
homelessness, lack of education,
1991 impact directly on the quality
Many of Chicago's Hispanic
inability to get child care or
of life of those in poverty.
poor fall into this group.
counseling are interrelated and
Chicago's mayor, the City
Temporary or newly poor
conspire to lock the poor out of
Council and administration officials
Displaced workers and
the mainstream of city life.
have a particularly high obligation
displaced homemakers make up
Accountability is vitally
to deliver to the 28% of Chicagoans
this category, which expands
important in those city
who live in poverty a full range of
during times of economic
departments that deliver
services, including health care, job
recession.
services essential to the poor.
training, basic education,
Since some poor people are
Poverty advocates point out
counseling, child care and, most
unable to speak for themselves, their
that the collapse of the "health
basic of all, housing.
needs are most often heard through
summit" in 1990 was a disaster
The urgency to meet needs of the
advocacy groups, which make these
for the poor because it meant
poor in Chicago is underscored by
points about the city government
ambulatory care would not be
poverty figures alone. Nationally,
and how it treats those in poverty:
provided in communities with
the percentage of poverty-stricken
There needs to be
high percentages of
people is put at 13%; Chicago has
intergovernmental coordination
poverty-stricken families. The
more than twice that percentage.
of poverty programs directed at
need for prenatal care, in
Chicago also exceeds the national
examining the needs of the poor
particular, is acute in many
percentages in poverty within racial
and how they are addressed.
Chicago neighborhoods.
and ethnic categories: white, 10.1%;
To accomplish this, there should
Poverty-assistance advocates
black, 31.1%, and Hispanic, 26.7%.
be a "designated person" or
emphasize that the city should reject
Skewed perceptions of poverty
liaison within the mayor's office
"quick-fix" programs for the poor
by both the public and government
and concentrate instead on
to deal with poverty programs.
officials impede efforts of the poor
job-training, more affordable
There should be a community
to become self-sufficient and to
housing, broadened health-care and
focus on services for the poor,
improve their lives while they work
other programs that have the
even to the point of organizing
toward that goal.
capacity to assist the poor to become
local poverty councils on the
self-sufficient. Charity, like the
model of the Local School
giving out of portions of checse,
Councils recently set up by law.
does not substitute for
9
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FROM CCUA
ONECITY
comprehensive approaches to
their names on voter-registration
transportation, education and public
bringing the poor up from
rolls, often with the encouragement
safety cut across income groups to
poverty-level existence.
of elected officials who ran on
provide better lives for everyone.
The same advocates also advance
platforms that included specific
And middle-class people never
a warning to politically elected
expressions of concern for the poor.
needed to be reminded that every
officials: Do not continue to make
Moreover, they warn, increasing
welfare recipient who moves into
the assumption that the poor are
numbers of people in the middle
self-sufficiency means another
impotent because they do not vote.
class now perceive that their
taxpayer to share the burden.
Widespread voter registration has
interests and the needs of those in
encouraged growing numbers of
poverty run parallel. Adequate
people locked in poverty to put
services in areas like health,
Health Care
T
he Chicago and Cook County
pregnant women to the fullest
Health Care Summit, billed as an
Appointing a commissioner
extent allowable under federal
"unprecedented display of
capable of administering the
law.
intergovernmental cooperation,"
Department of Health, one who
Decentralize services of Cook
would work out a balanced
collapsed last year without
achieving its objectives. Failure of
County Hospital by utilizing
relationship between city and
the summit process was attributed
facilities of community-based
county public-heaith facilities
to disputes over governance of a
hospitals to develop a system of
as well as between the
1,000 hospital beds.
new system and the means of
department and the Board of
financing.
Collapse of the health-care
Health.
summit was a disaster for the
Nevertheless, there continues to
Involving businesses,
be widespread support for key
hundreds of thousands of medically
developers and others in the
indigent people of Chicago, who are
conclusions of the summit among
private sector in supporting an
both health-care providers and
dependent on public facilities,
adequate system of health-care
consumers of health-care services in
especially for ambulatory care.
facilities to serve all people of
Chicago.
Adoption of key summit
Chicago. Help in achieving
Elements of the health-care
proposals was also vital to Chicago
this is found in the growing
action plans were:
hospitals, which provide an
number of small businesses
increasing amount of aid to the
Create a Cook County Health
that are now providing health
medically indigent, placing the
Council of nine members. three
insurance for employees and
hospitals in financial straits. Since
to be appointed by each chief
also in expressions of business
1985, 14 Chicago hospitals have
executive (Chicago, Cook
people who want government
closed, forcing layoffs of more than
County and Illinois), to govern
to "do something" about
5,400 employees. Medicaid patients
and improve the health-care
health-care gaps that put their
are 40% or more of the load of seven
system.
employees in peril and cause
Chicago hospitals (Bethany,
needless absenteeism.
Establish public-private
LaRabida, Mount Sinai,
partnerships in 14 "corridors of
Committing additional
Norwegian-American, Roseland,
care" in the county to expand
Sacred Heart and St. Bernard).
resources, both personnel and
ambulatory care by focusing on
The next city administration has
funds, to reducing Chicago's
specific community needs.
infant mortality rate, which
a challenge and an opportunity to
Pool expenditures on health
implement the health-care summit
stands at 26 deaths per 1,000
care for the indigent made by
live births, far higher than the
recommendations by working with
the city and the county with
new chief executives of both Cook
national average of 15 per
state Medicaid payments to
County (Richard Phelan) and the
1,000. Another area of special
maximize the return of
State of Illinois (Jim Edgar) to
need is AIDS prevention and
matching funds from the
review summit proposals and find
treatment. The Chicago area
has suffered 75% of AIDS cases
federal government.
ways to implement its key elements.
reported in Illinois with more
Expand Medicaid eligibility and
In addition; these steps on health
than 3,000 adults and 30
enrollment for children and
care are critical:
children having the disease.
2
10:28 26/90/80
FROM CCUA
ONE CITY
Endorsing through Chicago
cut across communities and all
of dollars in needless
congressional representatives
income levels to reach those
expenditures.
the proposal for national health
elderly persons who need care
Challenging aldermen to
insurance, a program widely
but don't get it for whatever
become advocates for
endorsed by members of the
reason.
neighborhood approaches to
health-care community and the
Setting priorities for spending
health care.
private business sector. Nearly
scarce health-care funds to
Finally, Chicago's mayor,
40% of businesses recently
assure that facilities are open
members of the City Council and
surveyed in Chicago approved
to those who need them most
officials of the Department of Health
of national health insurance,
and to relieve (or shore up)
must become the chief lobbyists
which would relieve the
those institutions threatened
before the Cook County Board of
pressure on hospitals that now
with closure.
Commissioners, insisting that the
provide high levels of Medicaid
Consolidating city and county
county set itself, at last, on a firm
and charity care.
patient records to eliminate
path toward correcting conditions
Initiating an aggressive
duplicative - and possibly
that led to the loss of accreditation of
program of care for elderly
incompatible- treatment,
Cook County Hospital. That
people, one of the fastest
Health-care professionals
situation threatens directly the poor
growing sectors of the Chicago
familiar with patient
of the city and augurs long-term
population and heavily
utilization of public-health
difficulties, including the inability to
dependent on health-care
facilities say this consolidation
attract qualified personnel to the
facilities. Such a program must
procedure could save millions
hospital staff.
Job Training
and Employment
of job readiness of
national industrial policy has been
Department of Human Services as
thousands of Chicago young people
evolved by the President and
well as city personnel adminstrators.
and adults is a direct result of the
Congress over the years as
First Source, an existing program
failure of the Chicago Public Schools
America's trade balance has tipped
of the Mayor's Office of Employment
and the inability of City Colleges of
from bad to worse.
and Training, should be pursued
Chicago to respond adequately and
Yet, despite pessimistic
more aggressively through First
effectively to that crisis.
appraisals, there are positive,
Source agreements. It should be
Inadequate training and
coordinating steps that Chicago can
used in conjunction with city
assistance to the jobless and those
take, beginning with the city itself.
contracts and utilized as a condition
stymied in low-paying positions
They necessarily involve such
of city incentives to the private
results from fragmentation in the
institutions and agencies as the City
sector as well as in contracts for
job-training system, stemming from
Colleges of Chicago, the Mayor's
public-works projects. Under First
long-standing failure to inventory
Office of Employment and Training
Source agreements, employers must
and coordinate job-training and
(MET), the Economic Development
give eligible city residents first crack
workforce-literacy resources.
Commission and Illinois'
at those jobs created or leveraged
Capacity to correct these
Department of Commerce and
with city dollars or tax incentives.
situations rests with Chicago's
Community Affairs and the U.S.
Higher priority must be given to this
mayor and City Council members,
Department of Labor.
program through adequate staff,
who need better information about
For example, there must be more
support from the Departments of
the problem and the vision to take
communication, planning and
Public Works and Economic
corrective action.
coordination than is apparent now
Development and other city
Pessimists say it is too much to
among city agencies, especially the
departments or agencies responsible
expect of Chicago's administration
Department of Economic
for promoting, monitoring and
that it scope out the turbulent jobs
Development, the Mayor's Office of
enforcing its provisions. Moreover,
and economic situation to amend
Employment and Training, and the
First Source needs its own network
programs. They point out that no
of community-based organizations
8
January - February, 1991
8 ' d
82:01 26/90/80
FROM CCUA
from which to get qualified
the Private Industry Council
need of employment-training
affiliated with MET offers a
and jobs.
applicants and direction.
First Source, when it was
mechanism to take advantage of this
Provide additional incentives
opportunity to meld the work of a
for employers, large and small,
initiated, was to have its own board
city agency and a mayoral
who offer workforce literacy
of community and business advisors
to exercise oversight
commission.
and job-upgrading programs.
responsibilities, but no such board is
City Colleges of Chicago has
Give priority to providing
yet in place. Nor has the city given
available significant funds for GED
literacy and skills training to
priority to relating First Source to
and adult literacy programs. These
employees of small companies
dollars could be better leveraged
that do not have the capacity to
current and prospective
megaprojects that would call First
through partnerships with
sponsor programs of their own.
Source provisions into play.
community-based organizations
Devise information programs
A central criticism of the
which already have some job
that encourage
job-training program is that no city
training and placement programs as
self-employment and
money is directly involved in
well as support services for the same
entrepreneurship as feasible
operations of the Mayor's Office of
population.
ways for jobless people to find
Employment and Training, whose
A key element in better
gainful work. Paradigms of
programs are funded by the federal
coordinating work of these agencies
such material have been
Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA),
is to take a detailed and continuing
produced in other
rules of which prohibit MET from
look at the employment and job
communities, creating
"reaching out" to correct glaring
skills situation in the Chicago
considerable impact.
gaps in Chicago's job-readiness
region, involving suburban
Focus job-creation efforts on
communities in programs for
effort.
on-going business and
With such funds, MET could
economic development as well as
industrial emplacements,
become responsible - and
job training. Interaction in the job
particularly in the
accountable -for extending services
market between Chicago and its
neighborhoods, rather than
to jobless people who have multiple
suburbs has been growing apace
concentrating on megaprojects
problems, including the need for
since World War II, and the
like McDome and the third
day care, counseling, transportation
exchange has accelerated in recent
airport. It has been
and even affordable housing. To
years. Both Chicago and suburban
documented repeatedly that
accomplish this, MET must work
communities face the lack of
such megaprojects bring to the
closely with city agencies providing
qualified job applicants for their
city only temporary
services jobless clients need.
diverse mix of business activities.
construction jobs (which
With additional city funds, MET
Within the city itself, the mayor
currently jobless, untrained
could also widen its services to
is challenged to initiate workforce
people cannot obtain) and then
women, now typically confined to
literacy programs for employees of
bring low-paying positions in
training for low-paying clerical and
city departments and agencies,
the hotel and restaurant
which themselves have workers who
hospitality jobs.
business.
In addition to finding city funds
need upgraded skills to handle their
for MET, the mayor's office could do
jobs or advance to others. Such
Underlying the entire issue of
much to end fragmentation among
programs should be extended to
employment training and jobs is the
MET, the city's Economic
state and county government units
ogre of racism directed at
Development Commission, and the
that employ significant numbers of
African-Americans and other
Private Industry Council.
Chicagoans, including Cook County
minority groups. The city is obliged
MET must work more closely
Hospital and the state Department
to make effective the services of its
with the city's Economic
of Transportation.
Commission on Human Relations
Development Commission, which is
Specific additional actions by the
and other relevant departments,
doing sector-specific planning for
mayor and City Council to improve
including the city's legal staff, to
attracting and retaining industries
the job outlook include:
assure that all requirements
and jobs in Chicago. EDC has
regarding affirmative action and
worked closely with the Productive
Target job-retention programs
employment without discrimination
Chicago program of the City
to those industrial areas,
are met by both private and public
Colleges of Chicago to develop
particularly manufacturing,
employers.
employer-driven training for
that have suffered attrition in
employees. No similar, visible
recent years.
cooperation has been worked out
Give priority to those people
between EDC and MET, even though
and neighborhoods most in
January February, 1991
9
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UNE
Affordable Housing
C
hicago, according to city
low- and moderate-income renters
entitled to greater city housing
estimates, has 1,109,000 dwelling
now live in buildings constructed
efforts.
units, 62% of which are rental
more than 60 years ago.
First among the city management
apartments and 38% owner-occupied
Abandonment and demolition are
steps would be the creation of a
houses. Of these, 13% or 144,500 are
the fates of growing numbers of
"housing czar," so called because
substandard, and of those about
dwelling units in low-income
80,000 are suitable for rehabilitation.
that office could cut through the 20
neighborhoods while many other
This bare-bones statistical sketch
or more agencies that developers
buildings are tax-delinquent or
of the Chicago housing situation
and nonprofit community housing
languish in the overburdened
organizations must deal with to
tells little of the actual story, a story
housing court.
build or rehabilitate
that must include an estimated
In these circumstances, there are
affordable-housing units. Potential
40,000 homeless people, more than
two broad avenues the city
builders and housing rehabilitators
121,000 families living in
administration can employ to
complain that there is insufficient
substandard housing, and waiting
conserve and extend affordable
lists of more than 100,000 families
authority lodged in the city's
housing facilities:
Department of Housing, which often
seeking to live in public housing or
shunts proposals off to the city's
on section 8 rent-subsidy certificates.
Funnel additional city funds
budget makers or to the municipal
Moreover, the "housing" story in
Chicago also must include the
into affordable housing
law department. "One-stop"
programs. funds derived not
essential word "affordable," defined
shopping should be the goal.
only from the city's corporate
There is an immediate need to
as housing that costs no more than
budget but also from
one-third of family income. In
streamline the processing of the
housing-related income like
Chicago, more than half of
city's major housing program
scavenger-sales proceeds, tax
providing low-interest second
low-income families pay more than
reclamation action, and
50% of their monthly income for
mortgages. The logjam must be
application of
broken to leverage private dollars
rent. For a family living on a
community-development funds
and the volume of required
minimum wage, "affordable
now used for general city
apartment rehabilitations.
housing" means about $200 a month,
services.
but virtually no such housing is
Another vital administrative step
available here.
is creation of reporting procedures
Set up management and
on housing results and conditions
A decade ago, urban areas could
look to the federal government for
administrative procedures that
that provide day-to-day reports by
will stimulate maximum
substantial assistance in meeting
community area on building
affordable housing needs through
private investment in housing
permits, demolition orders, housing
in city neighborhoods while
rent-subsidy payments or direct
court cases, community waiting lists
continuing to seek increases in
assistance in building low-income
for scattered-site public housing,
state and federal assistance for
utilization of homeless shelters, and
dwellings. But since 1980, the
housing.
other meaningful measure of
federal housing budget has fallen
housing conditions.
from $32 billion to $7 billion a year.
Advocates of affordable housing
The "housing czar" must also
The U.S. government now spends
reject the notion that in making
only $1 on housing for every $44 it
manage long-term planning,
insistent demands for city action
providing a pattern for affordable
spends on the military, a ratio sure
they represent a "special interest."
housing to be built or rehabilitated
to worsen as a consequence of the
Persian Gulf War.
Rather, they say, increasing
by nonprofit organizations and
numbers of Chicagoans who suffer
Complicating Chicago's grim
private-sector developers with
from lack of affordable housing are
affordable housing situation is an
particular encouragement to joint
voters as well as taxpayers who are
aging city housing stock; almost all
ventures, encouraging investment of
10
January - February, 1991
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FROM CCUA
private funds to substitute for
second-worst among the states in
unique agreement with the owners
reduced government subsidies.
loss of federal housing dollars. The
of Presidential Towers on the Near
Planning should give first
Illinois Housing Development
West Side as a substitute for the
priority to projects that offer the
Authority (IHDA) has a $62 million
low-income units that the
longest-term affordability for the
reserve, some of which could be
development did not provide, as
lowest-income families. This
made available to Chicago for
required by its federally subsidized
planning must include closer
affordable housing.
mortgage loan.
cooperation between city housing
Private developers would be
The trust fund, now seeking
officials and the Chicago Housing
induced to plan and spend more on
sources of revenue other than
Authority, which has a high vacancy
affordable housing units in Chicago
Presidential Towers, provides a
rate and the potential to meet
if the "housing czar" office
variety of options for utilizing
requirements of some of the neediest
streamlined permit-issuance and
money it secures. It may put them
seekers of housing units.
other procedures that could
into rent subsidies, various
Cooperation between the city and
aggregately save millions of dollars
assistance programs for developers
CHA must include extension of
in what they term "soft costs."
or owners of affordable housing as
human services and public-safety
Savings could be reflected in
well as joint ventures of private
help to make public-housing more
building improvements,
developers and community-based
desirable to a greater number of
affordability and, ultimately, jobs.
organizations.
prospective residents. Public
Removal of artificial impediments
Other sources for city funds for
housing must no longer be treated
to rehabilitation in the Chicago
affordable housing include
as if it is not part of the city.
building code would encourage
diversion to affordable housing of
Neighborhood-based planning
some private developers to
CDBG funds now used for general
should be initiated to meet federal
undertake projects to conserve
public services; floating general
requirements for Community
existing housing stock, providing
obligation bonds; utilizing proceeds
Development Block Grants and
viable dwelling units now being lost
from scavenger sales and the sale of
requirements of the new National
to demolition or abandonment. As
city-owned vacant lots, and making
Affordable Housing Act. This must
for direct funding of housing by the
use of the community-development
be a city initiative so that nonprofit
city, various mechanisms have been
float loan program.
or for-profit developers can make
suggested.
City funds could also be used
plans for producing housing units.
Included among them is
effectively to buy buildings that
Only a handful of low-income
increasing direct city funding for
now provide low-income housing
housing developments have been
low- and moderate-income
under provisions of loans
approved in Chicago in the past
affordable housing from 1% of the
subsidized by the U.S. Department
year, an all-time low for the city,
city corporate budget - the current
of Housing and Urban
while five other announced
level to 3%. Chicago now stands
Development. HUD-subsidized
programs haven't been implemented.
26th among American cities in its
buildings may be sold and taken out
City influence can also induce
support of affordable housing.
of the low-income market if
lenders to provide lower interest
Housing advocates argue that it
"priority purchasers" cannot be
rates on affordable housing through
should stand no lower than second,
found within one year.
linked-deposit programs and other
just below New York City.
Fundamental to all city actions
incentives. Lower interest rates
A mayoral task force on
on affordable housing should be
would augment an already
affordable housing called for $50
accountability for providing
successful effort in Chicago to bring
million in city funds in the first year
assistance on an equitable basis to
private and public funds into
of a housing program, $75 million
all neighborhoods in the city.
partnership mechanisms for low-
the second year and $100 million in
Special monitoring procedures must
and moderate-income housing.
1993. This funding would go
be developed to assure that
More activity by Chicago's city
primarily to the Department of
affordable housing is maintained in
lobbyists in Springfield and
Housing's second-mortgage
those areas near downtown that are
Washington on behalf of affordable
program. An additional conduit of
being gentrified. Equity must be the
housing could be stimulated by
funds from the city is the Chicago
watchword for assistance among
arranging meetings between the
Low-Income Housing Trust Fund,
neighborhoods and between the
lobbyists and housing advocates.
initially created to receive and
neighborhoods and downtown
Illinois, unfortunately, is
distribute funds contributed under a
investments by the city.
January - February, 1991
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ONE CITY
Criminal Justice
E
ven though Chicago's crime
A "Chicago Community
must be available around the clock
rate is rising less rapidly than those
Crackdown" has been announced by
to coordinate their work with
of other major cities, two vital
the city and the police department,
community residents and business
challenges for improving the
but those who have responded to
people.
criminal-justice system face the next
calls for cooperation in the past
A second vital recommendation
city administration:
complain that they attend
to improve operation of the entire
Take immediate, positive steps
community meetings only to find
criminal-justice system is a summit
to mend the relationship
that nothing is done by police to
conference under the leadership of
between the Chicago Police
follow up on community
the mayor of Chicago. Such a
Department and the
recommendations and complaints
meeting would evaluate existing
community, especially minority
about gaps in police service.
programs, evolve plans and examine
groups, including the gay and
An ombudsman with power in
financial resources to develop a
lesbian population.
the mayor's office, a mayoral liaison
coordinated "holistic" approach to
Call a leadership conference - a
with the community, would give
combating crime and countering its
criminal-justice summit - to
community representatives
effects in the metropolitan area.
assurance that their concerns are
coordinate work of many units
Crime obviously is not confined
of government into a "holistic"
heard and that action by the police
within city boundaries, as experience
approach and thereby reduce
can be expected.
with gangs, drugs and homicides
fragmentation of efforts to
Chicago residents, especially
indicates. Therefore, the
combat crime and ameliorate its
minorities, also need greater
criminal-justice summit should
effects.
confidence that complaints about
involve city, county, state and even
police brutality or indifference
federal officials. All must focus on
The most recent comprehensive
crime report of the Chicago police
receive earnest and impartial
ways to make the system work
attention from the Office of
superintendent for the first six
against criminals and in favor of
Professional Standards and
victims.
months of 1990 indicates that major
crime increased only "slightly," by
internal-affairs investigators.
The new Cook County
less than one-half of 1%, and that
Complaints lodged with OPS or
administration, for example, should
burglaries, criminal sexual assaults
internal affairs often trigger
consider opening courts for evening
and theft were fractionally down.
cover-ups by the accused police,
sessions to relieve the backlog and
who use inside information to cover
On the other hand, Chicago
give judges more time to give
homicides in 1990 numbered 849,
their tracks against potential
adequate consideration to criminal
sixth highest in the city's history,
civil-rights or false-arrest lawsuits,
charges. Cook County must also
indicating that gang and drug
community experts complained.
provide additional funding for its
activities are persistent and
In general, Chicago needs a
probation-officer system to reduce
pervasive.
better system of police
the rate of recidivism among
To combat crime, the Chicago
accountability that imposes
released prisoners. County jail
Police Department has 11,900 sworn
reprimands on police who act out or
facilities, massively overcrowded,
police personnel assigned to 25
don't act as they are sworn to do.
might be somewhat relieved by
districts with another 600 new police
Steps to better community
experimenting with paramilitary
promised under the 1991 city
relations should include willingly
camps used in other jurisdictions to
budget. An additional 100 are
providing information on victim
house and redirect inmates.
scheduled to transfer from clerical to
services, including those available
A criminal-justice summit should
patrol duties.
to battered women, and
also involve city agencies, including
Criticism of the Chicago police
documenting more fully the
the health department that must take
centers not so much on their
growing number of bias crimes.
a pro-active role in assisting victims
performance as crime fighters, but
A system of
of domestic beatings and other
rather on their deteriorated
"community-oriented" policing, in
violence. Other participants should
relationship with the noncriminal
use in some major metropolitan
include high-level representatives of
community, the people who make
areas, deserves thoughtful study.
the schools, parks, mass transit
calls for police assistance and those
Critics point out that the program is
facilities, drug-treatment programs
most often victimized by crime.
costly because police personnel
and social services, including the
12
January February, 1991
P.12
10:22 26/90/80
FROM CCUA
ONECITY
city's human relations and human
conditions that endanger their
Plans to update the 911
services departments. State
lives, the public purse and their
emergency-call program and to
agencies dealing with child and
ability to combat crime. Obese
replace the obsolescent crime
family welfare should be invited.
police not only cannot chase
laboratory are not enough.
Police problems that urgently
agile criminals, they are
Chicago's police should work
demand attention from the next
frequently on the sick list and
toward a 3-minute response
Chicago city administration include:
highly subject to cardiovascular
time for emergency calls. To
An aging police department,
incidents on and off duty,
their credit, Chicago police
whose typical member is 45
imposing unnecessary
continue to answer 75% to 80%
years old, much higher than
medical-benefit costs.
of 911 calls, about twice the
the national average for police
The need to bring
percentage actually responded
personnel.
state-of-the-art communication
to in New York and Los Angeles.
Chicago's police are visibly out
and information systems to the
of shape and in physical
Chicago Police Department.
Business and Economic
Development
T
here is a pressing need to
city-backed commercial loans. This
for alternatives to the property tax,
coordinate operations of the
must be done without starving the
including examination of a
Department of Economic
manufacturing sector that also
municipal income tax that would be
Development with those of other
requires loan assistance from the city.
less regressive than property and
city departments, other units of
Also worthy of continuation and
sales taxes.
government and public utilities.
expansion is the Commercial Area
A strong argument for
The development-assistance
Revitalization Effort (CARE), which
commitment to new tax sources to
subcabinet has not achieved an
now has a $1 million appropriation
finance all facets of economic
adequate level of responsiveness,
to expand into five additional
development exists in the "third
despite competence within
neighborhoods. The city should
deficit," the concept that the United
individual city departments.
work intensively with
States and therefore Chicago has
To achieve the fullest possible
community-based
a serious deficit in its inadequate
return on economic development
economic-development groups to
investment in infrastructure and
efforts in a highly competitive
bring business and industry to
human resources. This deficit
market, Chicago must begin to view
neighborhoods.
endangers the nation and Chicago
economic development as an
These economic-development
no less than do twin deficits in the
investment that adds to the tax base.
proposals necessarily bring up the
federal budget and U.S.
To accomplish this, it is imperative
fundamental question of the city's
international trade.
that the city give earnest
tax base, which would be called into
An economic-development issue
consideration to floating
play if any form of
of no small importance is that the
industrial-development bonds to
economic-development bonds
City of Chicago should itself become
create industrial parks capable of
(industrial or commercial) were to be
a "good customer" in the sense of
attracting industry back to the city.
floated. With an almost exclusive
dealing in a fair and businesslike
It may be necessary to institute a
reliance on property taxes, the city
way with its suppliers and
"buy high, sell low" program of
would invite criticism and even
contractors. Complaints of waiting
purchase and conveyance of
taxpayer flight were it to raise
180 days for payment by the city are
industrial sites.
property tax levels to finance
not uncommon, according to those
Meanwhile, the Department of
long-range economic-development
who deal with the City of Chicago.
Economic Development should
goals. Therefore, the private sector,
It is especially important that the
press forward its program of
which stands to gain significantly
city pay its bills promptly to small
utilizing state-designed enterprise
from an economically vital city,
businesses, many of which are
zones, some of which require
ought to take leadership in pressing
January February, 1991
13
El'd
82:01 26/90/20
FROM CCUA
ONE
CITY
owned by women and members of
projects (like McDome and the
discussed include tax-increment
minority groups,
third airport) do not occupy
financing,
The city should also adhere to a
center stage continually to the
industrial-development bonds,
strict "Chicago first" policy in
detriment of overall
privatization of services and
hiring, contracting and purchasing,
economic-development
enterprise zones. Chicagoans
keeping both business and
programs.
must understand these
employment within the city
Work with new state and
programs before they can be
whenever feasible. The city should
county executives now in place
expected to support them with
maintain the policy of meeting
to find new opportunities for
tax dollars.
minority or female set-aside
intergovernmental cooperation
Finally, there should be a careful
provisions in awarding contracts.
on economic-development
examination of the way
Other recommendations for
projects that could benefit the
economic-development decisions are
improving the city's effort at
region. A start in this direction
considered by the city's
maximizing economic development
is the Metropolitan Economic
administrative apparatus. Questions
are:
Development Alliance recently
arise as to whether policy decisions
Renew the practice of studying
initiated to bring Chicago
drive the budget or the other way
research and development
together with surrounding
around. Stimulating economic
activities of other
communities.
development in a diverse city
municipalities SO that Chicago
Initiate improved
necessarily involves municipal
is up to the state of the art in
communications programs with
expenditures for a variety of
municipal management as well
Chicago neighborhoods to
programs. It is essential that the
as in keeping pace with current
assure citizens that the mayor
citizenry be given the assurance that
technology and current
and all city departments are
policy decisions that could bring
requirements of private
sensitive and responsive to
business and jobs to the city are
enterprise.
community concerns about
fairly considered, measuring current
Coordinate public-information
balancing neighborhood and
costs against potential long-term
activities of the mayor's office
downtown development.
gains.
with economic-development
Concepts that must be
goals SO that individual
explained more fully and
Cross Cutting Themes
Cross-cutting themes emerged
from questionnaire responses and
Another cross-cutting theme is
A third cross-cutting theme is the
taxation and revenue. It is
discussions on key issues covered by
importance of neighborhood
Urban Agenda 1991.
impossible to cost out every
emphasis in all that the city does.
proposal in Urban Agenda 1991. It
One is that race and ethnicity
Empowerment of neighborhoods is
is possible, however, to point out
play significant roles in every issue
an untapped source of vitality in
that most agenda recommendations
area, especially those in which the
Chicago, one that ought to be given
city administration is called upon to
are revenue neutral in that they
priority in all policy decisions.
provide services on an equitable
require neither additional personnel
Neighborhood emphasis requires
basis to all Chicagoans. Inequities
nor direct outlays by the city. They
the city to be responsive and then
may well mean that the current city
may require only reordering
accountable to communities and
administration is called upon to
priorities. Others, like consolidating
citizens. To most Chicagoans, this
city and county patient records, can
adjust imbalances of long-standing
means that the citizenry should feel
that have resulted in greater need in
result in significant savings of tax
informed and be a part of the
certain community areas for
dollars. Yet others, like packaging
governmental process, which should
industrial sites for new businesses to
ambulatory health-care facilities or
involve them at the inception of
school maintenance improvements
bring in additional jobs, do require
policy decisions and carry them
financial outlays, some of which can
or loans to potential occupants of a
through to conclusions that vitally
be financed through bonds or
affect their lives.
strip-commercial retail area.
revolving funds.
14
January - February, 1991
P.14
82:01 26/90/80
FROM CCUA
National League of Cities
1301 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, D.C. 20004
February 12, 1992
MEMORANDUM
President Bush to Address City Leaders on National Priorities and Agenda During
1992 Congressional-City Conference, Washington Hilton Hotel, March 7-10
TO:
Editors, Correspondents and Urban Affairs Reporters
FROM:
Randy Arndt, Director of Media Relations (202) 626-3158
Leaders of the nation's cities will gather in Washington March 7-10 to hear from
President Bush and top congressional leaders and to formulate a set of hometown
priorities for economic recovery and investment in America's future.
President Bush will address the 1992 Congressional-City Conference of the
National League of Cities on Monday morning, March 9. His participation at
NLC's l'egislative conference continues a dialog on national policy priorities
for hometown America that began with his televised address to NLC's annual
meeting in December and a follow-up meeting with NLC leaders at the White House
on January 16.
Senate Majority Leader George Mitchell (D-Maine) will address a general session
on Sunday morning, March 9. Mitchell announced that the Senate will postpone a
scheduled recess during the week of March 9 to complete congressional action on
economic legislation President Bush proposed in his State of the Union address.
Nearly 3,000 municipal officials from cities and towns across the nation are
expected to attend this year's meeting, held at the Washington Hilton Hotel.
Gathering just as Congress approaches the president's deadline for action on the
economy, these officials will be calling attention to conditions and outcomes
that could help or hurt the ability of local governments to sustain economic
growth and to provide essential services for the security and well-being of
their communities.
Some of the issues involve legislation that Congress will consider this year,
such as health care reform, banking regulation, national housing and community
development policy, clean water, solid waste, President Bush's domestic block
grant proposal, tax policy and overall budget priorities, as well as the
implementation of last year's surface transportation legislation.
Sunday, March 8
2:15 p.m. - Training Sessions
Coping with State Aid Cuts
Comprehensive Civic Education Programs
Cable Franchising and Renewals
Video-Dialtone
Implementing the New Surface Transportation Act
Federal Grant Programs and Procedures
When Cultures Clash: Resolving Community Conflicts
4:30
p.m. - Constituency Group Meetings
Asian Pacific American Municipal Officials
Hispanic Elected Local Officials
National Black Caucus of Local Elected Officials
Small Cities Council
University Communities Caucus
Women in Municipal Government
Monday, March 9
8:00 a.m. -- General Session on NLC Priorities
Speaker: NLC President Glenda Hood, commissioner of Orlando, Fla.
9:00 a.m.
-- Legislative Workshops
Housing and Community Development
Clean Water Act
Taxes and Cities
Health Care Reform
Local Partnerships
10:00 a.m. -- NEWS CONFERENCE ON NLC PRIORITIES, State Room, Terrace Level
NLC President Glenda Hood, city commissioner of Orlando, Fla.
11:30 a.m. -- Address by President George Bush
12:00 Noon -- General Session: "Investing in America"
2:00 p.m. -- Legislative Workshops
Anti-Crime, Anti-Drug
Defense Cuts
Solid Waste
Cable TV
Tuesday, March 10
Meetings with congressional delegations and other federal officials
National League of Cities
TATAL
1301 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, D.C. 20004
FACT SHEET
THE NATIONAL LEAGUE OF CITIES
The National League of Cities is the largest municipal organization in the
United States. Founded in 1924 as the American Municipal Association, NLC now
includes the elected leaders of more than 1,400 cities and towns, including all
of the largest, as direct League members. Another 15,000 cities and towns
participate in the National League of Cities through their membership in the
49 state municipal leagues, which are also part of NLC.
NLC works in Washington and elsewhere on the national scene to improve the
quality of life for urban Americans and to strengthen local self-government.
Through its policy process and lobbying activities, the League represents the
interests of cities and works to achieve its objectives in Congress and within
the executive and judicial branches of the federal government. Through the
state municipal league network, the influence of NLC is felt in state capitals
around the country, as well. The League also works to provide member city
officials with information and training needed to do a good job of making
decisions and to insure that city governments are equipped to discharge their
responsibilities efficiently.
The NLC concept of Urban Conservation -- that citiés are a basic national
resource to be maintained and improved -- has been the stimulus for important
changes in the way cities are perceived and their problems addressed by not only
the federal and state government but the private sector as well.
(over)
BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE NATIONAL LEAGUE OF CITIES
The NLC board is composed of the League officers, past presidents still in
office, and 40 directors, elected by the membership to serve a two-year term.
Officers:
President: Commissioner Glenda Hood, Orlando, Florida
First vice president: Mayor Donald G. Fraser, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Second vice president: Mayor Sharpe James, Newark, New Jersey
Immediate past president: Mayor Sidney J. Barthelemy, New Orleans, Lousiana
Past Presidents:
Mayor Tom Bradley, Los Angeles, California
Mayor Ferd L. Harrison, Scotland Neck, North Carolina
Councilwoman-at-large Cathy Reynolds, Denver, Colorado
Directors:
Arizona: Mary Rose Wilcox, councilmember, Phoenix
Arkansas: Martin Gipson, alderman, North Little Rock
California: Patricia Castillo, mayor, Sunnyvale
Daniel K. Tabor, councilmember, Inglewood
Doris Ward, supervisor, San Francisco
Colorado: Wellington Webb, mayor, Denver
Florida: Lawrence J. Kelly, mayor, Daytona Beach
Georgia: Barbara M. Asher, councilmember, Atlanta
James V. Burgess Jr., exec. dir., Georgia Municipal Association
Idaho: William Jarocki, exec. dir., Association of Idaho Cities
Indiana: Gardest Gillespie, council president, Gary
Illinois: Beth Boosalis Davis, alderman, Evanston
Thomas Fitzsimmons, exec. dir., Illinois Municipal League
Jeffrey T. Markland, mayor, Urbana
Iowa: Elaine A. Pfalzgraf, councilmember, Cedar Falls
Kansas: Bob Knight, mayor, Wichita
Louisiana: Charles J. Pasqua, exec. dir., Louisiana Municipal Association
Maine: William D. Burney Jr., mayor, Augusta
Christopher G. Lockwood, exec. dir., Maine Municipal Association
Maryland: Jon C. Burrell, exec. dir., Maryland Municipal League
Massachusetts: Alice K. Wolf, councilmember, Cambridge
Michigan: Vicki H. Goldbaum, councilmember, Southfield
Rillastine R. Wilkins, councilmember, Muskegon Heights
Minnesota: Charles K. Hazama, mayor, Rochester
Mississippi: Margaret Carroll Barrett, councilmember, Jackson
William F. Stallworth, councilman, Biloxi
Missouri: Joseph L. Adams, councilmember, University City
Gary Markenson, exec. dir., Missouri Municipal League
New Mexico: Peso Chavez, councilor, Santa Fe
New York: John G. Curran, council president, Rochester
North Carolina: Robert G. Young Jr., mayor, Henderson
Oklahoma: Mark Schwartz, councilmember, Oklahoma City
Oregon: Larry Cole, mayor, Beaverton
Tennessee: Victor Ashe, mayor, Knoxville
Texas: Gary McCaleb, mayor, Abilene
Sandra Pickett, mayor pro tem, Liberty
Utah: Kenneth Bullock, exec. dir., Utah League of Cities and Towns
Virginia: Meyera Oberndorf, mayor, Virginia Beach
West Virginia: Paul E. Thornton, councilmember, Vienna
Wisconsin: Judith P. Olson, councilmember, Madison
#
#
National League of Cities
1301 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, D.C. 20004
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF
GLENDA HOOD, COMMISIONER OF ORLANDO, FLORIDA
AND
PRESIDENT OF THE NATIONAL LEAGUE OF CITIES
NLC President Glenda Hood, city commissioner of Orlando, Florida, is is the
1991-92 leader of the oldest and largest organization representing municipal
officials throughout the United States. She is the chief spokesperson on behalf
of more than 1,400 cities and towns, as well as 49 state municipal associations,
that are members of the National League of Cities.
Commissioner Hood is only the second Florida municipal official to hold a
top leadership post in NLC; former Mayor Hans Tanzler of Jacksonville served as
the League's president in 1976. She is the fifth woman to hold the office of
NLC President, and the first since 1988.
Hood's involvement in NLC activities includes service on the Board of
Directors, co-chairing the International Economic Development Task Force,
membership on NLC's Election '88 Task Force and the Strategic Planning Task
Force, and representing NLC in activities with the International Union of Local
Authorities (IULA) and the Bridge Association. She also received a White House
appointment to the U.S. Trade Representative's Intergovernmental Policy Advisory
Board and also served on the advisory board of Public Technology, Inc.
A native of Orlando, Hood was elected to the city commission in 1982 and is
now serving her third term. She is a past president of the Florida League of
Cities and was appointed by former Gov. Bob Martinez to serve on the Florida
Advisory Council on Intergovernmental Relations.
( over )
Through her work as a public relations consultant, Hood has been involved
with developing linkages of community service within the corporate sector. Her
continuing involvement in business activities has led to her currently serving
as the first woman to chair the Florida Chamber of Commerce in the 75-year
history of that organization, which is the nation's largest state chamber of
commerce.
Community service is an important part of Hood's life. She is a past
president of Orlando's Volunteer Service Bureau, the Junior League of Orlando-
Winter Park, Inc., and the Orlando Leadership Council. She has served on the
Orlando Crime Prevention Commission, Valencia Community College Center for
Community Leadership Board, on the steering committee and as a task force chair
for Orlando's Project 2000, and as chairman of Leadership Orlando.
She is president of the Orange County Public Schools Foundation Board of
Directors and is active with the Orlando Urban League, the Florida-Costa Rica
Institute and Sister Cities International.
Hood's energetic leadership has earned her recognition by Good Housekeeping
magazine as one of the nation's "100 Young Women of Promise," and she is the
first woman to receive the Florida Jaycees "Seven Outstanding Young Floridians"
Award, as well as the first woman chosen for U.S. Jaycees "Ten Outstanding
Americans" Award.
Hood attended schools in Orlando and, after pursuing studies in Costa Rica
and Spain, received her undergraduate degree from Rollins College. She is
married and has three children.
# # #
January, 1992
National League of Cities
1301 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, D.C. 20004
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF
DONALD M. FRASER, MAYOR OF MINNEAPOLIS
AND
FIRST VICE PRESIDENT OF THE NATIONAL LEAGUE OF CITIES
Mayor Don Fraser of Minneapolis is NLC's first vice president, putting him
in line to become NLC president in 1993. He is the second municipal official
from Minnesota to hold a top leadership post in NLC; former Mayor George Latimer
of St. Paul served as the League's president in 1984. Two executive directors
of the League of Minnesota Cities, Morris Lambie and C.C. Ludwig, also served as
presidents of the organization in the 1920s and 1930s, respectively.
Fraser was elected mayor of Minneapolis in 1979 after serving 16 years as a
Member of Congress from Minnesota's 5th congressional district. After serving a
two-year term as mayor, he was elected to four-year terms in 1981, 1985 and
again in 1989. Prior to his election to Congress, he was a Minnesota state
senator for eight years and also served as city attorney of Brooklyn Center, a
Minneapolis suburb.
A native of Minneapolis, Mayor Fraser has been heavily involved in many
community activities, especially those focusing on children and families,
throughout his career as a public official. Working with the city council, the
private sector, local service organizations and neighborhood groups, he has made
Minneapolis a national leader in helping to prepare young people for school,
jobs and productive roles in their community, winning recognition from both NLC
and the U.S. Conference of Mayors for the city's innovative and far-reaching
local programs.
He has chaired NLC's Human Development Policy Committee and Task Force on
Urban Unemployment, co-chaired the Task Force on Children and Education, served
on the NLC Board of Directors and Advisory Council, and been a member of the NLC
Election '88 Task Force and the Finance, Administration and Intergovernmental
Relations Steering Committee.
( over, )
Mayor Fraser chaired the League of Minnesota Cities' Commission on Cities in
the 80s, and is a member of the state league's Tax Coordinating Committee. He
also serves on the U.S. Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations, the
National Community Partnerships Board, the Board for International Volunteer
Services, and as vice president of Americans for Democratic Action. He chairs
the Minneapolis Youth Coordinating Board and serves on the board of United Way,
United Arts and several other organizations. He is a lifetime member of the
Minneapolis NAACP.
Born in 1924, Fraser graduated with honors in 1944 from the University of
Minnesota. After naval service as a radar officer aboard a destroyer in the
Pacific during World War II, he returned home to earn a law degree from the
University of Minnesota in 1948 and also served on the Minnesota Law Review. He
became a partner in a Minneapolis law firm where he practiced until his election
to Congress in 1962.
He is married to the former Arvonne Skelton, and they have four children.
# # #
January, 1992
National League of Cities
1301 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, D.C. 20004
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF
SHARPE JAMES, MAYOR OF NEWARK, NEW JERSEY
AND
SECOND VICE PRESIDENT OF THE NATIONAL LEAGUE OF CITIES
Mayor Sharpe James of Newark, New Jersey, was elected second vice president
of the National League of Cities at the 1991 Congress of Cities, putting him in
line to serve as NLC president in 1994. He will be the first elected official
from New Jersey to hold NLC's top office. The only previous NLC president from
New Jersey was Sedley H. Phinney, the state municipal league director, in 1931
and 1932.
James, a Democrat, is currently serving his second term as mayor of New
Jersey's largest city. He was elected the city's 35th mayor in 1986 after
serving four terms on the city council, and he was reelected without opposition
in 1990. He is the first councilmember to win a mayoral election in Newark.
Mayor James served on the NLC Board of Directors prior to his election as
second vice president. He co-chaired the NLC Membership Task Force, was vice
chair of the Community and Economic Development (CED) Policy Committee, served
on the CED and Transportation and Communications Policy Steering Committees,
and as a member of the NLC Election '88 Task Force. He also serves on the
Board of Directors of Public Technology, Inc., a NLC-affiliated organization,
and on the Advisory Board of the U.S. Conference of Mayors.
As mayor of Newark, James has led a vigorous and wide-reaching campaign to
revitalize and enhance his community. In 1991, the city celebrated the 325th
anniversary of its founding by winning an All-America City award from the
National Municipal League, the first U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Administrator's Award for Government, for a city-wide recyling program, and a
City Livability Award from the Conference of Mayors and Waste Management Inc.
( over )
Mayor James was raised in Newark and has been a community activist,
volunteer and leader throughout his career as an educator and public official.
He attended public schools in Newark and graduated with honors from Montclair
State College in New Jersey. He earned a masters degree at Springfield College
and has also completed studies at Washington State, Columbia University and
Rutgers University. In 1988, he received an honorary doctor of laws degree
from Montclair State College.
He was a professor at Essex County College for 18 years before his election
as mayor, and taught in the Newark public school system for seven prior years.
He has coached and held administrative posts in school and state athletics, and
a state champion tennis player at both the open and senior levels. He also
founded Newark's Little City Hall, Inc., is a charter member and past president
of the Organization of Negro Educators, and an executive of the Scholarship
Assistance Guidance Association, and a member of the Board of Governors of the
New Jersey Historical Society.
Mayor James was born in Jacksonville, Fla., on February 20, 1936. He and
his wife, Mary, have three sons and live in Newark's South Ward.
# # #
February, 1992
National League of Cities
THI
1301 Pennsylvania Avenue N.W, Washington, D.C. 20004
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF
DONALD J. BORUT, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
NATIONAL LEAGUE OF CITIES
Donald J. Borut, executive director of the National League of Cities, is
responsible for managing the broad array of activities carried out by the
nation's oldest and largest public interest group representing municipal
governments. As the administrative leader of NLC, he reports to the elected
municipal officials who serve as the League's officers and board of directors.
Borut, 50, has more than 25 years' experience in municipal government and
organizational leadership in the public interest sector. Prior to his NLC
appointment in March, 1990, he was deputy executive director of the
International City Management Association (ICMA), the nation's preeminent
organization representing professional local government administrators.
A graduate of Oberlin College, with a master's degree in public
administration from the University of Michigan, Borut began working in city
government in 1964, as a staff assistant in the office of the city
administrator Ann Arbor, Mich. He advanced to the post of assistant city
administrator of Ann Arbor before leaving the city to join the ICMA staff in
1971.
Starting as an ICMA associate director, Borut had responsibility for the
organization's Management Development Center. He carried out a broad overhaul
and expansion of ICMA's professional development and support programs,
introduced a peer-exchange program to help local governments obtain low-cost
technical assistance, managed the automation of ICMA's Management Information
Service data base, and developed a number of federal grant and contract
programs to support research, technical assistance, publications and other ICMA
services to cities and towns.
( over )
In 1984, Borut was named deputy executive director of ICMA. He assumed
responsibility for much of the day-to-day management of the organization,
directed preparation of its $8 million budget, had management responsibility
for ICMA contracts, programs and services, and served as a senior staff
resource to the ICMA executive board and committees.
While serving as deputy executive director, he developed several new
initiatives including ICMA's Sports, Convention Center and FutureVisions
Consortia and the ICMA Endowment Fund. He also was a founder and director of
the Program on Community Problem Solving, which provides technical assistance
on collaboration and consensus building in solving various community problems.
Borut has served on numerous advisory boards, editorial boards and other
committees in the public interest sector and has chaired the screening
committee of the All-America City Awards program conducted annually by the
National Civic League.
Borut, who makes his home in Washington, was born and grew up in New York
City. He is married, with two children. He is president of the Levine School
of Music, a community school and music center in Washington. He also enjoys
occasional turns as an auctioneer for charitable fund-raising events.
# # #
December, 1991
National League of Cities
THANK
1301 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, D.C. 20004
BACKGROUNDER
NATIONAL MUNICIPAL POLICY
The "national municipal policy" of the National League of Cities is the
only comprehensive statement of goals, principles, policies and program
objectives which represents a consensus position of all the nation's cities and
towns on federal urban policy.
A continuing document, modified and published annually with amendments, the
national municipal policy is debated and approved by delegates casting nearly
2,500 votes at the Congress of Cities. National municipal policy is the basis
for NLC's lobbying on behalf of the nation's cities and for much of its research
on urban issues.
The national municipal policy is recommended by city representatives who
serve on NLC's policy committees. The five committees and their officers are:
FINANCE, ADMINISTRATION AND INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS
Chair
Anthony Capizzi, Commissioner, Dayton, Ohio
Vice Chairs
Stephen Hettinger, Mayor, Huntsville, Alabama
Kathy Morris, Mayor, San Marcos, Texas
ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
Chair
Steve Cramer, Councilmember, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Vice Chairs
Robert Hirsch, Councilmember, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina
Jeffrey N. Wennberg, Mayor, Rutland, Vermont
COMMUNITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Chair
Thomas Godfrey, Councilmember, Salt Lake City, Utah
Vice Chairs
Eddie Blankenship, Council President, Birmingham, Alabama
Elizabeth Rhea, Mayor, Rock Hill, South Carolina
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Chair
Maryanne Mahaffey, Council President, Detroit, Michigan
Vice Chairs
Wayne Creelman, Town Council Chairman, Cape Elizabeth, Maine
Richard Clay Dixon, Mayor, Dayton, Ohio
TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
Chair
Cardell Cooper, Mayor, East Orange, New Jersey
Vice Chairs
Charles DeVaney, Mayor, Augusta, Georgia
Sharon Priest, Mayor, Little Rock, Arkansas
Each policy committee is composed of approximately 200 members nominated
by the state municipal leagues, and each meets twice a year. The officers of
the policy committees are appointed by the NLC president for one-year terms.
In addition to the policy committees, there are 35-member steering committees
for each policy area. Steering committee members are appointed by the policy
committee chairperson on the basis of experience and expertise in the subject
area, and the steering committees conduct several additional meetings during
the year.
Several NLC task forces also work during the year on special issues
identified by the board of directors.
A NLC Task Force on Cities' Roles in Education is chaired by Council-
member Tim Owens of Overland Park, Kan., with Mayor Mary Anne McCollum of
Columbia, Mo., and Councilmember Linda Horowitz of Vancouver, Wash., serving
as vice chairs. Councilmember Kathryn Nack of Pasadena also serves as a
special liaison between this task force and the Human Development Committee.
A Task Force on the Future of Youth in America's Cities is chaired by
Councilwoman Carolyn Long Banks of Atlanta, with Mayor Clarence Anthony of
South Bay, Fla., and Mayor Alicia Sanchez of Port Huron, Mich., serving as
vice chairs.
A new NLC Task Force on City-Corporate Relationships is chaired this year
by Mayor Jan Laverty Jones of Las Vegas, Nev., and the NLC International
Municipal Consortium is led by Mayor Larry Bakken of Golden Valley, Minn.,
with Mayor Roger Randle of Tulsa, Okla., and Councilmember Yolanda Vera of
San Antonio, Tex., serving as vice chairs.
The year-long NLC policy process concludes at the Congress of Cities when
the five committees submit their proposed policy amendments to the Resolutions
Committee. Following discussion and voting by the Resolutions Committee, the
revised policy goes to the NLC membership at the annual business meeting for
debate and final adoption.
Independent resolutions, also debated at the Congress of Cities, are
another method of expression of the position of the National League of Cities'
membership. Independent resolutions are matters of short time value, such as
statements on specific legislation, administration positions or the technical
aspects of certain federal regulations. Independent resolutions do not become
a part of the National Municipal Policy but are sent to federal officials
following the Congress of Cities as a statement of policy on a specific,
current issue.
# # #
March, 1992