Ask the Scholar
Document scope · 1 page
Scholar
Ask about this object, its catalog metadata, its source description, or the page inventory.
For page-specific OCR and visual context, open one of the page chats.
Scholar Source Context
Document identity
localId
323153937
label
American Society of Association Executives 3/11/92 [OA 7569] [1]
core
doc
dtoType
document
citationUrl
pageCount
1
Source metadata
id
323153937
contentType
document
title
American Society of Association Executives 3/11/92 [OA 7569] [1]
citationUrl
identifierLocal
13802-003
collections
Records of the White House Office of Speechwriting (George H. W. Bush Administration)
Speech Backup Chronological Files
imageCount
1
hasImages
yes
source
import
hasTranscription
no
Source extras
naId
323153937
levelOfDescription
fileUnit
recordType
description
ocrSource
nara-archive
Single page context
seq
1
pageIndex
0
type
document
mediaId
25e4d51128b0535f
ocrText
Originally Processed With FOIA(s):
FOIA Number:
S
S
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
Library Staff.
Record Group/Collection:
George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
Collection/Office of Origin:
Speechwriting, White House Office of
Series:
Speech File Backup Files
Subseries:
Chron File, 1989-1993
OA/ID Number:
13802
Folder ID Number:
13802-003
Folder Title:
American Society of Association Executives 3/11/92 [OA 7569] [1]
Stack:
Row:
Section:
Shelf:
Position:
G
26
22
3
6
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
March 11, 1992
REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT
TO THE SPRING CONVENTION OF
AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ASSOCIATION EXECUTIVES
The Convention Center
Washington, D.C.
1:10 P.M. EST
THE PRESIDENT: Chairman Fondren, fellow Texan, thank
you for that introduction. May I salute President Taylor and all the
award winners here today. I heard a story about how when Lyndon
Baines Johnson moved from the House to the Senate, Jake Pickle and
Gene Fondren, then Texas state legislators, flipped a coin to decide
who'd run for office and go to Washington. Well, Congressman
Pickle's been calling for a rematch ever since. (Laughter.) And
this organization is very fortunate to have as its chairman a man of
this strength and a man of this conviction.
Robert Frost once wrote that "an idea is a feat of
association." Well, association is an idea as old as the American
Dream itself. Actually, de Toqueville 150 years ago -- more than
that -- had much to say about you. He said, "at the head of some new
undertaking in the United States you will be sure to find an
association." Well, since that time associations have played a vital
role in our country's progress, and they continue that mission today,
defining new frontiers and exploring new territory.
Before I spoke, President Taylor handed out the
Associations Advance America Awards to salute those who've found a
way to help -- to be, in fact, points of light. We hear too often
about what's wrong in America. Well, this is what's right in
America, and I salute you for what you are doing to help your
communities. And again, I single out the awardees here who have
starred in all of this.
of course, it's an election year. Independent of the
current preoccupation with the hype and spin of the campaigns, there
will remain the issues, the big things -- the core concerns of every
American that transcend political party or philosophical idealogy --
jobs, family, peace. They hold us together as a society. They are
more than issues we bring to the next election -- they are the legacy
we must give to the next generation.
And really, that's what I want to talk to you about
today -- not just the issues, but our mood as a nation, and how we
must act now if we're to change America for the better. Today,
weighing most heavily in the hearts and on the minds of Americans is
the state of our economy -- jobs -- preserving jobs, creating jobs.
You in this room know best virtually every industry and every
profession in America. I don't have to tell you that people are
worried about the future.
Frankly, we've had tough economic times before, with
higher unemployment -- but less national alarm. There's something
different about today's times -- something that touches a nerve. It
strikes at the heart of what drives this country forward -- our very
confidence. It challenges our belief in ourselves.
MORE
- 2 -
Let me give it to you straight: Unemployment is what
-- 7.3 percent -- about nine million people out of a total work force
of 126 million. During the 1982 recession, 10 years ago,
unemployment hit almost 11 percent -- a level not experienced since
the Great Depression. So we ask ourselves, why is confidence today
lower than at the depth of the 1982 recession?
I've heard a lot of theories. Some say those TV
analysts are the problem rejoicing in bad news. Others say, well,
it's the politicians. I myself have noted that in a political year
candidates often shower the voters with a message so bleak and
hopeless -- and at the same time they promise the rainbow if they're
elected. That steady drizzle on the people's shoulders can wear away
confidence and can wash away hope. So it's easy to suppose that the
constant drumbeat about what's wrong in America is a self-fulfilling
prophecy.
There may be some truth to that. But I think there are
other reasons for our country's mood. People are feeling the way
they do because America's got some real problems they're serious,
stubborn, national problems. But I think it would be unfair and
certainly untrue to suggest to the American people that we can't
overcome these problems to imply that the United States of America
is a country in decline. So today I want to talk about what we must
do to meet the economic challenge that is before us -- how we can
build economic vitality into our communities -- how we must ensure
that our children see a future that is an improvement over the
present.
Sometimes it helps to take some of these enormous issues
and bring them down to the personal level. So when I talk about
America's economic problems this is what I mean:
They are the worries of parents who have worked all
their lives to get their kids through college -- and those kids can't
find work. They are found in discouraged families who can't afford
to pay off anything but the interest on their credit cards month
after month after month. They are the doubts of young people who
believe that times will never be as good for them as they were for
their parents. Now, these are the things that dim our hope and drain
our confidence.
American workers can see that technology and competition
are changing the workplace faster than ever before. They can feel
the heat -- both at home and abroad. They know American industry is
being challenged to keep up or step aside I'm going to talk
further about that later in the week out in Detroit, Michigan. We
live in a competitive world, and people worry about our ability to
compete.
American homeowners that's almost 70 million people
-- worry that the biggest asset they will ever have, their home, will
lose its worth because real estate values have declined. The same is
true of any business, of association, or charitable organization that
owns property they're concerned, too.
Finally, as I discussed earlier this week with the
League of Cities -- and this one is fundamental -- the deterioration
of the American family is very, very serious -- a root problem with
tremendous ramifications for our economic well-being as a nation.
But the picture these are the problems, but the
picture is not all gloom and doom. America -- we're now the only
superpower in the world. Millions of immigrants still look to us as
the land of opportunity because we are. We're the undisputed
leader of the world that has a propensity for much more peace. And
our economy is poised for recovery. Inflation is down. Interest
rates low. Inventories are low. Exports at record highs. But this
MORE
- 3 -
recovery will come sooner, and stronger only if we in government can
come together and act now.
In January, as most of you know, I sent a message to the
Congress -- a plan of action. I felt it was a straightforward set of
initiatives based upon tried and true economic realities. I proposed
incentives for business to buy equipment, upgrade their plants, and
start hiring again. I proposed a shot in the arm to get the housing
industry back on its feet -- lead us into economic recovery this
spring. I proposed a cut on the capital gains. And then I offered a
broader plan of action to keep us strong and economically vigorous in
the years ahead. And that included, as some of you all may remember,
education reform called -- we call it America 2000 -- to bring the
skills of our future workers up to a standard of excellence.
It included a clampdown on excessive regulations that
hurt our competitiveness and reform of our legal system so that
Americans can spend more time innovating and less time litigating.
And I proposed record federal support research and development
support -- to keep our nation on the cutting edge of new
technologies, new incentives for business investment. I proposed a
forward-looking trade policy that demands foreign markets open up to
high-quality American goods and services. And I reiterated our
determination to hold the line on government spending and oppose new
taxes.
Well, big issues, big challenges. This is the plan I
proposed and I set a deadline for the Congress to act. And while
the Congress didn't have a comprehensive plan of its own, it didn't
like the notion of a deadline. Instead, with great and earnest
deliberation, the Congress fixated on how much more to tax the
American people. And they would hike taxes by $100 billion. And
that plan, in my view, destroys jobs. Whereas, the plan, the
incentives I've outlined here create jobs.
The last thing that this economy needs now is a massive
tax increase. (Applause.) Any economist worth his salt will tell
you that. But this is not new. Congress refuses routinely to take
action to stimulate the economy -- but insists on these
job-destroying tax increases. Everyone knows that government is too
big and spends too much. Everyone knows that. And there's something
else everyone knows, too: too often Congress spends the money of its
customer, the taxpayer, the wrong way -- inefficiently,
ineffectively, without accountability and, frankly, without
compassion.
So again, I would like to call on the Congress to pass
my plan by March 20 for the good of this economy and the good of the
American people. (Applause.)
Now, I realize this all may sound like simply an
election year blast at the Congress, controlled by the opposition
party. But it is not. We really need a new way of looking at
things. And I have made proposals to bring back responsibility and
accountability to a system answerable to no one but itself. They are
based on some fundamental principles: Rely on what works. And when
possible, decentralize. Institute choice to force competition into
the system. Give people more power to make the big decisions in
their lives. Make the system accountable. And understand the new
realities of America's global position -- that we must become more
competitive.
We are not going to retreat into the failed policies of
uninvolvement, disengagement, isolation, protectionism. We cannot do
that. That would shrink markets and throw people out of work in this
country. So these are staying involved, then, is the fundamental
answer on international trade. These are the important ways to
reform and change our country.
MORE
!
- 4 -
Chairman Fondren once said that "Leadership requires
forthrightness. Hidden agendas rarely, if ever, lead to progress and
very often succeed in spoiling the brew." Well, I've never been very
good at hiding an agenda, and I'm not about to try to start that now.
The agenda has really been to create jobs, protect the
family, and promote world peace. (Applause.) Too many times I run
up against a stone wall a partisan guard more determined to takes
sides than to move the country forward. So March 20th will be an
important date. And if the Congress enacts my action plan on the
economy by then, the real beneficiaries will be the American people.
(Applause.)
If the Congress cannot act, or if it sends to me a bill
that it knows today that I cannot and will not sign, I will take this
case to the American people, and say the problem is the Congress;
send a new Congress to Washington next November. But before that, I
want to see us move something forward. I want to see us get
something done.
And it's tough in an election year. I know that; I'm
involved right up to my neck, just from coming from eight of these
darn things yesterday. So I'm not being unrealistic, but I think we
still have time to set aside the politics and try to pass something
that most economists agree I think all economists agree -- would
stimulate this economy and get this country back to work again. In
the meantime, I will act on my own in the interests of the American
people.
I drew a line in the sand Jane referred to it -- a
little over a year ago in the Gulf. When you look back, that wasn't
an easy decision. But we kept our word and we liberated a tiny
country. And in the process, we sent the world, the whole world, a
message. And the message was: Aggression will not stand. And that
message is clearly understood. And because that message is so
clearly understood, we have a newfound credibility all around all
around the world. Travel abroad and find out that we are the United
States, second to none. (Applause.)
And so now, in a figurative stance, I've drawn a line in
the sand once again, right here in our own backyard. And I will keep
my word again, and if we all do our part, we can ensure that our
economy and our country get back on the right track.
In the meantime, keep up the wonderful work that these
associations do. Government can do a lot. I know I've got to do it
better. I know that Congress has to do its work better. But it can
never replace that thing that de Tocqueville found so amazing about
this country association, the propensity of one American to help
another.
And when I talk about points of light, sometimes my
critics say, well, he's simply forgoing his responsibility. He's
simply trying to lay off on the back of private citizens the
responsibility of a government. That's the farthest thing from my
mind when I commend you and thank you for being points of light.
Government can help. Government must help. Government must reach
out a hand to those that are hurting. But it is the points of light
-- it is the private sector, it is the associations that are going to
make a difference in the lives of the men and women and, especially,
the children of this country.
So may God bless you for your work. And thank you for
letting me come back. (Applause.)
END
1:29 P.M. EST
March 10, 1992
MEMORANDUM FOR DAVE DEMAREST
FROM:
JAG
SUBJECT:
ASAE FACT-CHECK
PAGE ONE
1)
Speech is at the Washington Convention Center.
Speech is at 1:45 p.m., NOT 1:15.
Acknowledgements: no others necessary than Fondren and
Taylor.
2)
Paragraph three, sentence one: de Tocqueville, NOT
deTocqueville. It's over 150 years NOT 150 years. Note:
it's a trifle cliched to quote the Frenchman on associations
-- everyone does it. But, if you insist, here's some
selections:
" at the head of some new undertaking in the United
States you will be sure to find an association."
"Americans of all ages, all conditions, and all
dispositions constantly form associations."
PAGE THREE
3)
Last paragraph, last sentence: -- and most importantly, NOT
--and most (space).
PAGE FOUR
4)
Paragraph three, last sentence: "one out of every [XX]
Americans." Perhaps you're thinking of the December 1991
Gannet News Service Poll which found that 3 out of every
four Americans know someone who's lost a job in the past six
months. Pretty gloomy -- sure you want to mention it?
5)
Paragraph four, sentence one: "real estate values are
sliding. Actually, according to NAHB, residential real
estate values have been on the rise for the last two months.
PAGE FIVE
6)
Graph two, sentences two and three: Boskin says that
interest rates don't qualify as historically low, because of
different kinds of trends among different kinds of rates.
Also: people don't understand what inventories are.
Suggested:
"Inflation is down. Interest rates are down.
Inventories are under control -- and that's good news. "
On hard figures for less than gloomy indicators:
"In January the Index of Leading Indicators showed a
strong gain -- the strongest since last July. The
housing market has turned around: with low mortgage
rates making houses more affordable than at any time in
the past 15 years. (OR) The prime rate is at its
lowest level in 15 years. Inflation is at its lowest
level in 5 years. "
7) Last graph, last sentence: "Health care reform to provide
universal access " Kuttner says, we're not promising
universal access -- we're proposing reforms that'll move us
toward that goal. Suggested:
"Health care reform to improve access and control
costs "
PAGE SIX
8)
Second graph, last sentence: "The cost of their proposed tax
hikes " Can't quite say "cost" CUZ they've proposed
measures to cover some of those costs. Moreover, both the
Senate Democrats and the House Democrats have plans that
would increase taxes by more than 100 billion dollars --
which makes the "sixty to one hundred billion dollars" look
a little weak.
9)
Third graph, first sentence: Museums to a study on
NOT
"Museums and studies on"
PAGE EIGHT
10) Second graph, first sentence: four million hardworking
people NOT three million. (Exact OMB figure is 3.9)
11) Last graph, second sentence: I served in the Congress
twenty-five years NOT "served in the Congress in twenty-
five."
PAGE NINE
12) Second graph, first sentence: 284 committees NOT "284
subcommittees." Also, you can say "over 2 billion dollars
of taxpayers money. " However, you might want to know, that
while 2.3 was appropriated, 2.6 was requested by the
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
Document No.
Subject/Title of Document
Date
Restriction
Class.
and Type
01. Memo
JAG to Dave Demarest, re: ASAE Fact-Check. (1 pp.)
03/10/92
P.S
Collection:
Record Group:
Bush Presidential Records
Open on Expiration of PRA
Office:
Speechwriting, White House Office of
(Document Follows)
Series:
Speech File, Backup
Subseries:
By SN (NLGB) on 4/5/2005
WHORM Cat.:
File Location:
American Society of Association Executives 3/11/92 [1]
Date Closed:
11/22/2004
OA/ID Number:
07569
FOIA/SYS Case #:
Re-review Case #:
2004-2265-S
P-2/P-5 Review Case #:
MR Case #:
Appeal Case #:
MR Disposition:
Appeal Disposition:
Disposition Date:
Disposition Date:
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
(b)(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
(b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
(b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
(b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
(b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
(b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of
(b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
(b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
President. In other words, POTUS requested even more than
the figure we are decrying as obscene.
13) Graph four, first sentence: you might want to know that not
only was there a "Crime Victims Week" in April of '91, there
was also a "Crime Prevention Month" in October of '91.
14) Graph four, second sentence: "National Asparagus Month" NOT
"National Asparagus Week." But more importantly: "There's
nothing wrong with 'National Asparagus Month. Actually --
there was something wrong with it. Congress passed the
resolution, but when the proclamation hit the President's
desk to be signed back in May of '89, Ciccone pulled it,
saying it'd be unpresidential for POTUS to sign it. An
agri-alternative? "National Rice Month" -- September of
last year; and, yes, we signed the proclamation. So what
does the President have against green vegetables, anyway?
PAGE TEN
15) First graph, second sentence: almost one third of all the
legislation, NOT "fully one third." Exact percentage is
29.5.
16) First graph, third sentence: what are you looking for as
"legislation just to keep the government in business"?
Appropriations? Continuing resolutions?
PAGE ELEVEN
17) Third graph, first sentence: "For four years," or "for
three years"? Where do we want to draw the line?
112
Table 4-3 Number and Type of Senate Committees, 84th-102d Congresses, 1955-1992
Subcommittees
Subcommittees
Select and
of select and
Subcommittees
Standing
of standing
special
special
Joint
of joint
Congress
committees
committees
committees
committees
committees
committees
84th (1955-56)
15
88
3
6
10
11
90th (1967-68)
16
99
3
12
10
15
92d (1971-72)
17
123
5
13
8
15
94th (1975-76)
18
140
6
17
7
17
96th (1979-80)
15
91
5
10
4
5
97th (1981-82)
15
94
5
12
4
6
98th (1983-84)
16
103
4
4
4
6
99th (1985-86)
16
90
4
0
4
6
100th (1987-88)
16
85
5
0
4
8
101st (1989-90)
16
86
4
0
4
8
102d (1991-92)
16
87
4
0
4
8
Sources: Brownson, Congressional Staff Directory; Congressional Quarterly Almanac; Walter Oleszek, "Overview of the Senate Committee System" (Paper
prepared for the Commission on the Operation of the Senate, 1977); Congressional Yellow Book; Secretary of the Senate.
from Vital Statistics on Congress 1991-1992
Published American Enterprise Institute
Yellow Book; Secretary of the Senate
Sources: Brownson, Congressional Staff
special committees, joint committees
"Other" committees include select
102d (1991-92)
101st (1989-90)
100th (1987-88)
99th (1985-86)
98th (1983-84)
97th (1981-82)
96th (1979-80)
94th (1975-76)
92d (1971-72)
(1955-56) 84th
Congress
1955-1992
Table 4-5 Committee Assignm
Yellow Book; Clerk of the House of Rep
Sources: Brownson, Congressional Staff Dire
Includes task forces when committee
special committees, joint committees, an
"Other" committees include select and
102d (1991-92)
101st (1989-90)
100th (1987-88)
99th (1985-86)
98th (1983-84)
97th (1981-82)
96th (1979-80)
94th (1975-76)
92d (1971-72)
(1955-56) 84th
Congress
Table 4-4 Committee Assignmen
2.9
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.9
2.5
2.3
2.5
2.5
2.2
assignments
committee
standing
Mean no. of
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.5
1.2
assignments
committee
standing
Mean no. of
Congresses, 1955-1992
(Demarest)
March 8, 1992
Draft One
ASAE
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: ASSOCIATION EXECUTIVES
1:45
MARCH 11, 1992
WASHINGTON
WASHINGTON, D.C.
Mia
1:15 P.M.
CONVENTION
CENTER
Center
for
Taylers
Chairman Fondren, my fellow Texan, thank you for that
No OTHER
introduction. President Taylor. [acknow tedgements] I heard a
story about how when LBJ moved from the House to the Senate, Jake
Pickle and Gene Fondren, then Texas state legislators, flipped a
coin to decide who'd run for office and go to Washington. Well,
Congressman Pickle's been calling for a rematch ever since.
Association
Factbook
Robert Frost once wrote that "an idea is a feat of
association." Well, association is an idea as old as the
American Dream itself. [[ Maybe older. I heard that Art Buchwald
once said that "the first reported case of X an association making
Association
X
a blunder occurred in the Bible, when an association executive
Factbook
overbooked the inn at a carpenter's convention in Bethlehem. The
rest is history. "]]
over
a
Actually, deToqueville 150 years ago had much to say about
the value of associations. [ ] Associations have long played a
vital role in our country's progress, and they continue that
mission today, defining new frontiers and exploring new
for
Carvel
Lewis, Nat,
territory. In fact, the ASAE has answered my call to become a
Service
point of light.
6266
>. "at the head of some new undertaking in
Note: its kind of cliched
the United States you will be sure to
to quote de Toggneville
find an association H
on associations
OR
"Americans of all ages, all conditions, + all of
dispositions constantly form associations.
2
Before I spoke, President Taylor presented the Association's
Advance America Awards to salute those who've found a way to
help. We hear a too often about what's wrong about America.
Well, this is what's right in America, and I salute you and your
members for what you are doing to help your communities.
of course, it's an election year. Regardless of the current
preoccupation with the hype and spin of the campaigns, there will
remain the issues, the big things -- the core concerns of every
American -- jobs -- family -- peace. These are more than the
issues we bring to the next election -- they are the legacy we
must give to the next generation.
Today, weighing most heavily in the hearts and on the minds
of Americans is the state of the economy -- jobs -- preserving
jobs, creating jobs. In this very room are representatives of
virtually every industry and every profession in America. I
don't have to tell you that people are worried about the future.
Frankly, we've had tough economic times before, with higher
unemployment -- but less national alarm. There's something
different about today's times -- something that touches a nerve.
It strikes at the heart of what drives this country forward --
our confidence. Our belief in ourselves. Our hopes for our
future.
Phil pare OMB
I'll give it to you straight: Unemployment is roughly seven-
plus per cent - about 9 million people out of a total workforce
of 126 million. During the 1982 recession, unemployment hit
Susanents Stats.
almost 11% -- a level not experienced since the Great Depression.
5/5/10
Nov
10,8%
F06'92
46,3
3
So we ask ourselves -- why is confidence today lower than at the
depth of the 1982 recession?
I've heard a lot of theories. Some say the talking heads of
the media are the problem -- always running the country down.
[You've heard the saying "no news is good news?" Well, the joke
is that for the media, "Good news is no news."]
Others say its the politicians. I myself have noted that in
a political year candidates often shower the voters with a
message so bleak and hopeless -- at the same time they promise
the rainbow if they're elected. That steady drizzle on the
people's shoulders can wear away confidence, and wash away hope.
So it's easy to suppose that the constant drumbeat about what's
wrong in America is a self-fulfilling prophecy.
There may be some truth to that. But I think there are
other reasons for our country's lack of confidence. People are
feeling the way they do because America's got some real problems
-- serious, stubborn, national problems.
But I think it would be unfair and untrue to suggest to the
American people that we can't overcome these problems -- to imply
that America is a country in decline. So today I want to talk
about what we must do to meet the economic challenge that is
before us -- how we can build economic vitality into our
communities -- how we must ensure that our children see a future
space
that is an improvement over the present (and most importantly,
why we must change the way we do business in Washington, D.C.
past six
months.
Pretty
860mg
stuff
sure want you
to mentine
n.
it
4
Sometimes it helps to take some of these enormous issues and
America's economic problems this is what I mean:
They are the worries of parents who have worked all their
lives to get the kids through college -- and those kids can't
Note: I assume your referring to to the December
Gannet News Service Poll which found that 3 out out of
bring them down to the personal level. So when I talk about
4 Americans know someone who's lost ajob inthe
find work. They are found in discouraged families who can't
afford to pay off anything but the interest on their credit
cards, month after month after month. They are the doubts of
young people who believe that times will never be as good for
them as they were for their parents. These are the things that
dim our hope and drain our confidence.
American workers can see that technology and competition are
changing the workplace faster than ever before. They can feel
the heat -- both at home and abroad. They know American industry
is being challenged to keep up or step aside -- I'll talk further
about that later in the week in Detroit, Michigan. But whether
it's Detroit or Denver, when workers see the company downsizing,
they wonder who will be the first to go. And in these tough
economic times one out of every [XX] Americans knows someone
who's been out of a job at some time in the last year. No wonder
people are worried.
68,705,000 Dean
christ
NAHB
American homeowners -- that's almost 70 million people -- NAHB -
worry that the biggest asset they will ever have -- their home
0478
-
- will lose its worth because real estate values are sliding.
The same is true of any business, association, or charitable NO:
organization that owns property -- they're concerned too.
"For the
past 2
months residential
Mal estate values
have been on the rise."
5
Finally, as I discussed earlier this week with the League of
Cities, the deterioration of the American family is very serious
-- a root problem with tremendous ramifications for our economic
well-being as a nation.
are control- inder that's
good
in check nows.
Boskin Inflation is
down. Interest Pates are
Elaine for DaveWalkBut But the (down) picture is not all gloom and low doom. Interest rates down.
USTR
are at historic lows. Inventories are down. The trade deficit
Carlfic
has plummeted and our exports are at record highs. I do believe
cug
John
next nates
Katcher
that we are poised for recovery -- a recovery that will come
F
blip
Macrosumes
CEA
sooner, and be stronger if we in government act now. As self-
in the
4666
print
rate
evident as the mandate for action may seem, we have not been able
to muster the necessary political unity of purpose.
In January, I sent to the Congress a plan of action. It was
a straightforward set of initiatives based upon tried and true
economic realities. I proposed incentives for business to buy
equipment, upgrade their plants, and start hiring again. I
proposed a shot in the arm to get the housing industry back on
its feet -- lead us into economic recovery. I proposed a tax cut
on capital gains. Once you get through all the tax-break-for-
the-rich demagoguery, most economists agree such a measure would
create jobs and stimulate greater economic activity.
Then I offered a broader plan of action to keep us
competitive and economically vigorous in the years ahead:
1) Education reform to bring the skills of our future
workers up to a standard of excellence. 2) Reform of our legal
system so that Americans can spend more time innovating and less
time litigating. 3) Health care reform to provide universal
IMPROVE
ACCESS
AND CONTROL
COSTS
Were not promis coninorsal accors, weire proposing refere
tratill have no toward that goal
6
access to the best quality care in the world. 4) Welfare reform
to break this sorry cycle of dependency that's become a way of
life in many of our cities. 5) Tangible support to strengthen
the family -- a $500 increase in the tax deduction for children.
6) A trade policy that demands foreign markets open up to high-
quality American goods and services. 7) Record federal support
in research and development to keep our nation on the cutting
edge of new technologies.
Big issues. Big challenges. This is the plan I proposed -
- and I set a deadline for the Congress to act. The Congress
didn't like the notion of a deadline. And while the Congress
didn't have a comprehensive plan of its own, it is doubtful that
it will enact the plan I proposed. Instead, with great and
cant say costs cu3 they're proposed
earnest deliberation, the Congress is fixated with how much more
some
measures
OMB
to tax the American people. The cost of their proposed tax hikes to pay
4790
some
range from sixty to one hundred billion dollars.
Senate Dems plan:
of the
costs
incr txes
Imagine: giving the Congress A more taxpayer money to spend.
TO
by more
Y
From Lawrence Welk Museums and studies on the Hatfield-McCoy feud
than 100
billion
$: to the billions wasted on big government programs that were 12/7/91
House Demo proved ineffective years ago -- does anyone believe that more
CQ
plan: same
increase
money for the Congress to spend is the answer? Does anyone
Plans
believe that this money will be more wisely spent than the
(tready trillion and a half dollars that the Congress spends now?
numbers
estimates)
My point is not to say one more time that the last thing
1
this economy needs now is a tax increase. Any economist worth
his salt will tell you that. No, today I want to make a
Daylor TaymB
7
different point. One that goes to the heart of why the Congress
refuses to take action to stimulate the economy -- but insists on
job destroying tax increases. My point goes to the heart of why
the Congress is incapable of passing my comprehensive economic
growth plan -- or a plan of their own -- by my March 20 deadline
-- or any other deadline, for that matter.
I have said on many occasions that government is too big and
spends too much. Everyone knows that. And underlying that point
is something else everyone agrees on: too often the government
spends the money of its customer -- the American taxpayer --
inefficiently, ineffectively, without compassion, and without
accountability.
When Americans think about their government what often comes
to mind is the latest scandal involving their money. Today, we
are cleaning up the Savings and Loan scandal. Jack Kemp deserves
a lot of credit for straightening out the abuses in our public
Laundred
housing system. And Dick Cheney has taken the Ill Wind
Define Dep
investigation at the Defense Department and máde the necessary
with 2nd
reforms in defense procurement. But to the taxpayer, these
issues just reinforce the notion that the government just can't
work any better.
its
dea
This is all part of why people lack confidence in America's
saupood
future. They have already lost confidence in its government.
There is irony here. Americans are a compassionate people --
willing to foot the bill to help make this country better. But
to bad
there is an extraordinary mismatch between their willingness to
8
help and their confidence in government actually using their hard
earned tax dollars to get results. My apologies for coining a
phrase now in popular jargon, but it is truly time to reinvent
government.
Phil Dame OMB. 3.9
FOUR
I do not mean to slight in any way the three million hard-
working people who work for the federal government. But the fact
of the matter is that they work in a system that was good for its
time, but now must change and change radically. I know that
government can't run like a business -- but we can improve its
performance. Right now, within the halls of these giant
centralized bureaucracies, it is almost impossible to reward
success, much less punish failure.
Because government has forgotten the customer, it issues
counter-productive regulations. There are perpetual programs
that have outlived their function but not their funding. And
they are run within rigid, stultifying bureaucracies.
But this kind of government doesn't just happen. It is the
Congress that lays down the mandates, funds the programs, creates
these bureaucracies. And then it is the Congress that protects
them, harasses them, investigates them, micro-manages them.
They become stepchildren of the Congress, with a Congressional
subcommittee Chairman in the role of godparent.
8
yellow Boo This is not to criticize the people serving today in
4-912
Congress. I served in the Congress in twenty-five years ago with
25/15
19
some of the finest individuals I ever known -- some are still
there now -- Sonny Montgomery, Bob Michel, John Paul
9
Hammerschmidt among others. And the newer members today -- many
fine people on both sides of the aisle -- decent, hard-working,
patriotic. The problem isn't the people, it's the system. And
the system must change.
Note: while 2,308, 230,600 was appropiale
uscode
2,638 535,500 way
congessional
requested by POTUS
The good people on Capitol Hill are victims of an over
Addinistrative
News
unaccountable, inefficient, and ineffective system of their own
making as well: 284 subcommittees, 35,000 staff members
ant
2
$ takes of
billion dollars of taxpayer money, a web of special interest
to new
influence and money -- with members re-election a virtual
Carpers
certainty. This is not a system that can promote reform and
change. Rather, over the years, all this has piled up to create
Wash
a Congress that is gridlocked. Paralyzed. Out of touch. A
Congress totally and utterly incapable of addressing the central
How many people in this room -- people who work with the
April
Now in
issues of our time.
Congress every day -- haven't had a private conversation with
Senator or Congressman and heard exactly the same thing?
Crint Month a 8191
There's nothing wrong with the Congress passing a
proclamation heralding "Crime Victims Week", but that's no
substitute for a comprehensive crime bill that will actually do
something to make people safer in their communities. There's
MONTH
nothing wrong with "National Asparagus Week", but the problem in
American agriculture is our national vitality not our national
vegetable. (Haven't seen "National Broccoli Week" -- could have
some trouble signing that one). For every one of these bills
there is staff assigned, paper processed, constituents contacted,
There was someting way
Sept 91= National
Rice Month. we signed proc
Congress not passed this resolution Proclamation
wastsigned Ciccone thought it'd be unpresidation
Back in May of 89
29.5
Bill Executs Effice. McCaffey clerk's
10
Almost
newsletters written, taxpayer money spent. Fully one third of
all the legislation that reaches my desk is stuff like this.
Another
is legislation just to keep the government in
business. The focus is clearly not on addressing the new what
does
this mean
challenges, is it?
appropriations?
This all may sound like simply an election year blast at conting a resolutes
Congress controlled by the other party. But it's not. The
TRUE, BUT NOTE:
HE STARTED problem is not necessarily divided government. Ike had to deal
HIS TERM
w/A REPUBLICAN with a Democratic Congress in the fifties. But when the big
CONGRESS issues came to a head -- President Eisenhower and the Congress
were able to meet those challenges as Americans first, partisans
second.
We need a new way of looking at things. That gap between
private sector efficiency and government's ineptness has become a
chasm. I have made proposals to reform government -- proposals
to bring back responsibility and accountability to a system
answerable to no one but itself. These proposals are based on
some fundamental principles. Rely on what works. Whenever
possible, decentralize. Institute choice to force competition
into the system. Make the system accountable. Understand the
new realities of America's global position -- that we must do
what makes us more competitive.
I have also called for the Congress to stop exempting itself
Pushin Fund
from the laws it imposes on everyone else. I have called for
Campaign Finance Reform to break the influence of special
11
X
X
interest groups. I have talked about term limits for members of
Congress.
Chairman Fondren once said that "Leadership
requires
forthrightness. Hidden agendas rarely, if ever, lead to progress
and very often succeed in spoiling the brew." I've never been
very good at hiding my agenda, and I'm not about to start trying
now.
Your
For four years, my agenda has been to create jobs, protect
call:
do you
the family, and promote world peace. Too many times I ran up
want to
against a wall -- a partisan guard more determined to takes sides
3 say years
than to take this country forward. March 20 will be an historic
or
4
years
watershed in American politics. If the Congress enacts my action
plan on the economy by then, the real beneficiaries will not be
me, or my re-election, nor the Congress. The real beneficiaries
will be the American people who will regain the confidence that
they have lost in the ability of Washington to act in their best
interest.
If the Congress cannot act, or if it sends to me a bill it
knows today I cannot and will not sign, I will take this message
to the American people: the problem is Congress. Send a new
Congress to Washington next November. In the meantime I will act
on my own in the interests of the American people.
I drew a line in the sand a little over a year ago in the
Persian Gulf. I kept my word then and tiny Kuwait is free. I
have drawn a line in the sand once again -- here in our own
12
backyard. I will keep my word again and free this economy on
behalf of the American people.
Thank you. And God bless you for all the good work you do.
# # #
Oct. 29 / Administration of George Bush, 1990
right to any minority group to pass legisla-
going to work hard, and we're going to take
tion that is going to result in quotas.
a positive message across the country: that
If the leaders of the Congress had been a
if we had more Republicans in the United
committed as some say they are to civil
States Congress-Senate and House-I
rights, why didn't they permit my bill that
would be able to more easily fulfill the
eliminates discrimination in the workplace
mandate I was given when I was elected
to be voted on? It is because they tried to
President of the United States. I don't like
embarrass the President. And they didn't at
playing defense; I like being on the offense.
all, because the American people are fair
Q. Can you beat the odds that-where
and they do not want quotas.
Presidents usually lose seats?
The President. We're going to wait and
Taxes
see. But I think you raise a point. The party
Q. Mr. President, it sounds like you're
in power normally loses seats, but I'm going
willing to veto quotas but not higher taxes.
to be out there like we're going to win seats
That doesn't sound like a very strong
and work very hard to do that.
stance.
Q. So are these elections now a referen-
The President. Give me a chance to veto
dum on you, sir?
higher taxes. Send one down there that I
The President. I don't know what they're
can veto, and I will. You're darn right I will,
a referendum of. But I want to make them
absolutely. I'm glad you raised that. It was a
a referendum on the Democrats' taxing and
beautiful question, because I am opposed to
spending and class warfare. I mean, it's
higher taxes-strongly.
absurd. So, we'll see. They have control of
both Houses of Congress; they can frustrate
Upcoming Elections
the legislative agenda that I want. So, I'd
Q. You look like you're going to enjoy this
like to see us change that around if we
last trip.
possibly can.
The President. I really am looking for-
ward to it.
Note: The exchange began at 9:25 a.m. on
Q. Are you going to draw blood?
the tarmac at San Francisco International
The President. Well, I don't know about
Airport in San Francisco, CA. A tape was
blood. I just want to get my message out
not available for verification of the content
there, and it's going to be good. We're
of these remarks.
Remarks at a Rally for Gubernatorial Candidate Bill Price in
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
October 29, 1990
I'm delighted to be back here. First, let
Bill, thank you for that introduction. Oh,
me pay my respects to a man that cam-
what a joy it is to be with your wonderful
paigned for me way back in the early six-
family. Barbara sends her love. It's not that
ties. He's been my friend and Barbara's
our dog is writing another book, but she,
friend and your Governor: Henry Bellmon,
too, is out on the campaign trail. I'm just
over here. Henry, delighted to see you, sir.
delighted to bring you her greetings. It's a
Of course, two who are with us today who
pleasure to be here for a man who will
are so active in Washington in leadership
make a difference-he always has-your
roles-one in the Senate and one in the
next Governor, Bill Price. All of you know
House. I'm talking about Senator Don Nick-
his story. Well-qualified man-well-quali-
les and, of course, Mickey Edwards, the
fied. The son of a doctor. Went to George-
Congressman. We're delighted to have
town U, Ohio U-Ohio-OU-|laughter]-
them with us here today.
Oklahoma University Law School, the Big
1488
Administration of George Bush, 1990 / Oct. 29
Red. Finally, he became, as he referred
one that controls the Congress has got to
there to it, U.S. Attorney for western Okla-
make a compromise. And I felt really that
homa, supporting law and order, battling
we had to reach an agreement, and I felt
against the craze of narcotics. He's been a
strongly about reducing the deficit with
good man, a great servant to this country-
spending cuts, not raising taxes. And in fact,
and now you've got to elect him Governor
that's exactly the kind of budget that I sent
of this State.
to the Congress last February. Predictably,
I have looked at the record. He has con-
the Democrats instead wanted to slash de-
viction. He's not a follower who gets lost in
fense and then raise your taxes. What we
the current. He's a profile in character who
got was a compromise.
alters the tide. Look at how he cracked
And there is some good in it. We've got
America's then-largest corruption case back
$492 billion in deficit reduction over 5
in the early eighties. Or his work for the
years; over $350 billion in spending cuts-
organization he founded, the Oklahoma Al-
the largest cut in history. There are some
liance Against Drugs. We need a leader
incentives built in it so that we will become
with his vision to follow Henry in Oklahoma
less dependent on foreign oil-incentives to
City. I'm here to talk for Bill, not against his
stimulate domestic oil and gas drilling and
opponent. And I refuse to take it personally
production. And we also got Congress to
that his opponent was the Dukakis chair-
reduce the rate of spending growth with
man in this State-had nothing to do with
the first-ever 5-year curb on spending.
my being here.
We could use more of his kind of thinking
Now, we put Congress on a pay-as-you-go
back East, too. All Americans are asking:
plan so that the liberal Democrats will no
What on Earth is wrong with Washington?
longer be able to fund programs with red
And I know you've been standing, but let
ink. This agreement has strong enforcement
me give you the full load about how I see it,
provisions. And if Congress tries to raise
as one who thinks we need to change this
spending one dime, they've got to cut other
Congress out and get more Republicans and
excess spending or find the money for it
fewer of those liberal Democrats.
right there and then.
After what seemed like endless negotia-
And finally, we held the line-and this
tions, we finally have a budget. And the
one is very important to me and, I believe,
negotiations were tough because the one
to the people of Oklahoma and the whole
party that has ruled Congress for almost 40
country-we held the line against the reck-
years is dedicated to perpetual reelection.
less cuts of our Armed Forces. I will not be
And that party, the Democratic Party, has a
the President to provide [preside] over the
bias for redtape over choice, for Washing-
weakening of this nation's defense.
ton solutions over community solutions, and
An enforceable deficit reduction agree-
for bureaucracy over people. And you add
ment is unprecedented. It is long overdue
all of this up, and what do you get? You get
and it is absolutely necessary, but I cannot
a liberal Democratic-controlled Congress
join the liberal Democrats in an orgy of self-
that's committed to two things: taxing and
congratulation. After all, we discussed three
spending. We went into negotiation, and
kinds of proposals: the good, the bad, and
the final agreement is an example of how
the ugly. And I told you about the good.
the Democratic Congress works-or doesn't
Now let me tell you about the bad-in a
work. For the sake of the Nation, I honestly
word, the taxes. To get an agreement we
felt that we had to reduce the deficit now.
had to pay a ransom to get the $350 billion
It is high time that we stop mortgaging the
in spending cuts. And the American people
future of these young kids here today. And
have had to pay a price for divided govern-
the Democratic spending binge has got to
ment.
stop.
But the price could have been worse. The
I discovered, as Harry Truman did, that
Democrats' bill that passed the House
the buck does stop there on the desk in the
before this compromise that was enacted-
Oval Office, and every once in a while, a
that Democratic bill tried to raise income
President of the opposite party than the
taxes on all working Americans. And they
1489
Oct. 29 / Administration of George Bush, 1990
attacked these indexing provisions of the
and you've got some good ones from this
current tax law in a way that raised taxes on
State, men like Jim Inhofe and Mickey Ed-
every hardworking citizen. And they called
wards and our distinguished Senator Don
it their bill to soak the rich, and what it
Nickles-who reject this failed tradition of
really did is go after the paycheck of the
tax and spend. But they're outnumbered by
working man and woman in this country.
the big taxers and the big spenders. These
And we said, we are going to stop you-and
three are the real defenders of working
we stopped them cold. And let me say. this:
America, and I am grateful indeed that
that was not-and I am grateful to Mickey
they are fighting for you and for Oklahoma
Edwards and I'm grateful to Don Nickles
and, I'd say, for America up there on Cap-
for their stand-that was not, as these de-
itol Hill.
magogs would have you believe, Republi-
You know, as we got into these negotia-
cans protecting the rich; that was Republi-
tions, even in the middle of them, the big
cans standing up for the working family in
spenders were looking for the pork-barrel
this country.
bonanzas. At the 11th hour, in the midst of
And now we're hearing it again. Some of
the budget crisis, congressional conferees
us are old enough to remember this. It hap-
on one panel alone pushed through an
pens all the time with the Democrats. And
almost 19-percent increase for pet projects.
let those liberals that control Congress raise
At the same time, this President and these
their ugly old cry of divisiveness and class
Republican Members were doing our level-
warfare and of soaking the rich. And we,
best to curtail spending, Congress voted to
the Republicans, are going to continue
spend a half a million dollars to create a
fighting for the working people by holding
Lawrence Welk tourist attraction. And we
the line on taxes. You send me more Re-
all like Lawrence Welk-"dah-dee-dah"-
publicans for the United States Congress,
you know how he is. [Laughter] But I cite
and we'll get the job done.
this as a symptom of the problem.
I don't want you to get the feeling I'm
Audience member. Get the line-item veto.
down on the Democratic Congress-[laugh-
ter]-but the budget was due last April. The
The President. I'm getting to that.
Democratic Congress came to me 6 months
[Laughter] Believe me, the American
late-so late, in fact, that we are on the
people know when their Congress asks
brink now of an economic downturn. And
them to tighten their belts and Congress
it's time to call them as you see them, to
loosens its own. And I'll tell you what I'd
tell it like it is. And this agreement could
like to do about it. Yes, give me what 43
have come together in May, in June, or in
Governors have: Give me the line-item
August-anytime during the last 6 months.
veto. They've failed to cut spending. Let
But the Democrats choked the throttle,
me have a shot at it. While we're at it, let's
pulled the throttle back of a slowing econo-
have a balanced-budget amendment that
my while they hunted for every last morsel
would discipline the Executive and darn
of partisan advantage, all in the name of
sure would discipline the Democrats in the
politics and of higher taxes. And we're not
House of Representatives and the Senate.
going to let them get away with it.
There's one other tool I need even more
In April, when the budget was due, un-
than the line-item veto and a balanced-
employment was 5.4 percent-a troubling
budget amendment. And I really mean it:
sign. Unemployment last month was 5.7
that is more Republicans in Congress that
percent. And since April, when the budget
think the way these two do. God, I'm glad
was due, inflation has accelerated and eco-
to be out of Washington. I am thrilled to be
nomic growth has slowed. Even after the
out of Washington. And let me say, I hear
economy was threatened by the Persian
that talk back there that people don't know
Gulf crisis, Congress delayed. This Congress
the difference between the Republicans
was content to stall an agreement and stall
and the liberal Democrats. In education, we
the economy. We are not going to let them
are the ones that are fighting for reform to
get away with it. There are Congressmen,
empower parents to choose their children's
thank heavens, there are Congressmen-
schools. In child care, Republicans are the
1490
Administration of George Bush, 1990 / Oct. 29
ones who demanded reform to empower
who control the perks and pass out the
parents to choose who will watch over their
pork. And the Democratic Congress is a
children. And we now have that bill, as a
confusion of committees and turf-conscious
matter of fact. And we're the ones still de-
chaos. The House intended to be closest to
termined to bring hope and opportunity to
the people has become a House of Lords—
the most desolate of the inner cities.
98 percent who seek reelection and reelec-
The Democrats are still pushing that old
tion-and it is time to turn the tables. The
line of liberal programs, more taxes, more
American people deserve a new Congress-
bureaucracy, more government control-
this time a Republican Congress. And they
tell the people of Oklahoma City how to
still block my proposals for campaign
mandate things, tell them what they've got
reform. We want to abolish special interest
to do. They're still peddling that tired old
PAC's. The Democrats want the taxpayer to
saw about Republicans and the rich. Well,
foot the bill for the reelection. Democrats
you and I both know that that is hogwash,
talk about taxing the rich, but they all want
and we're not going to let them get away
to have every one of us throw in money for
with that anymore. I'm taking this message
congressional elections. America needs a
all across the country: We are for the work-
change. America needs a better deal.
ing people in this country.
You know, maybe I'm a little old-fash-
This is a Congress that can only act at the
ioned, but I think that a $1.3 trillion budget
last minute when their political feet were
held to the fire, a Congress who would
gives us ample room to dream again, to
advance new ideas. to renew our govern-
rather pass feel-good proclamations than ad-
dress problems. Look, this is the Congress
ment,
pri-
orities
that passed a resolution called National
14hing this is
ould
rather
Crime Prevention Month while it gutted,
reforn
the language you
e of
eri-
took the heart right out of our anticrime
bill. Bill Price knows that we need strong
can p
were looking for
m is
perks this this morning
; its
Federal legislation to back up our prosecu-
tors and our law enforcement officials. And
( on
Congress passed that crazy Crime Preven-
the A
Also you might
have
tion Month, but did nothing about the
had e
want to note
the
toughness of the crime bill that we called
Demo
I the
for.
incom
that todays
y in
This is the Congress that declared Clean
Amer
very
Water Month, but bickered for months over
single
avg. congressional
xing,
the clean air bill. And if you find all this
would
we
tough to swallow, don't worry-they've also
fough
staff size is twice
erica
served up National Digestive Disease
needs
bal-
Awareness Month. [Laughter] But I guaran-
ance
tee you one thing: If they send me that bill
by ra
that of Buohs
not
to make these kids eat their broccoli, I will
The
in
'68
back
veto that legislation. No liberal Democrat
on ou
-JAG
a Re-
Congress-and notice I say "liberal Demo-
publi
laws
crat Congress." I know my State next door.
that are necessary to finally get tough on
And I know the State here, and there's
crime. And there's only one way, there is
plenty of sound conservative Democrats in
only one way to send this message to Wash-
the State of Oklahoma that are going to
ington, and that is not to send the liberal
vote for the next Governor standing right
Democrats back there so they can keep on
here.
going down the same tired old road.
But this liberal Democrat Congress has
You know, last month Oklahoma voters
become America's biggest and most en-
sent politicians a message, and they voted
trenched special interest. In 1959, Congress
overwhelmingly to restrict State legislative
was served by 5,800 staff members. Today
terms to 12 years. Next week voters across
it is served by almost 20,000 staff members,
this country can follow your lead. Term lim-
1491
Oct. 29 / Administration of George Bush, 1990
itations applying to State officials will be on
vote like these two here today. I need them
the ballot in California and in Colorado. But
up there. And here in this State, people
America doesn't have to wait for a ballot
think straight and they like straight talk. So,
initiative to limit the terms of the Demo-
do your talking at the polls on November
crats in Congress; they can start next Tues-
6th, and roll up your sleeves and elect this
day. I have great confidence in the Ameri-
good man Governor of the State of Oklaho-
can people, the American ideals, which is
ma because you deserve the best.
why the remaining days of this campaign,
And as for me-I know you're glad this is
and for the rest of Presidency, I'll take a
over; it's hot in here. But I'm just getting
message out there to the people: America
warmed up. But I'm really not. [Laughter]
doesn't need a liberal House of Lords.
As for me, I'll tell you what I'm going to do.
America needs a responsible Congress.
I'm going to crisscross this country from
coast to coast and take this message to the
America needs a Republican Congress.
American people: More Republican Con-
Harry Truman reminded us that only a
gressmen means more men and women
President represents all the people, can
fighting against raising taxes and against the
stand for the national interest and stand
big spenders, and for the values of faith and
against the special interests. And in this
family, government close to the people that
spirit-I think you'll all remember this-I
everybody in the State of Oklahoma be-
did extend my hand. I worked for a biparti-
lieves in. More Republicans means a better
san solution to this horrible budget mess.
deal for America. And it doesn't get any
And you sent me to Washington to govern,
straighter than that. And I can't wait to get
to make something good happen for our
out on that campaign trail for the rest of
country. And I've tried very hard, only to
the days before the elections.
have a parade of liberal Democrats march
Thank you. Elect this good man Gover-
to the microphone in the well of the House
nor. And God bless the United States of
to blame me for their failures. And my good
America. Thank you all very much.
will has been rewarded with business as
usual. Well, I'll tell you something: America
Note: The President spoke at 3:40 p.m. at
has had enough of business as usual, and we
the Cowboy Hall of Fame. Following his
don't have to take it anymore. I say send
remarks, the President returned to Wash-
me more Members of Congress who will
ington, DC.
Remarks Congratulating the Cincinnati Reds on Winning the World
Series
October 30, 1990
Well, please be seated. Great -fall day in
Welcome, all of you and all the rest. And I
the Rose Garden. And, Marge, welcome to
want to welcome our umpires, Larry Bar-
you and Lou Piniella, the players, the
nett, Rocky Roe, Jim Quick, Ted Hendry,
coaches, and the official family of the 1990
Frank Pulli, Randy Marsh, and also Bruce
Cincinnati Reds. I want to look around at
Froemming, who can't be with us today.
our dignitaries here, but Senator Glenn is
Seldom do the players and families cheer
here, Congressman Gradison, Congressman
the umpires, but we're glad you're here.
Luken, Paul Gillmor from Ohio. And then
Delighted you're here.
from across the river-whoops, I don't see
Just a minute. A little dissent-I think I
him, I thought-there he is, modestly in the
can handle it. [Laughter] Listen, I might
second row, Jim Bunning, played good old
mention that this is the 40th anniversary of
country hardball in his day. And another
the Babe Ruth Baseball League. And we're
one, Vinegar Bend, I did see over here.
lucky to have the four Babe Ruth cham-
1492
Administration of George Bush, 1991 / Oct. 24
gence Richard J. Kerr; nominee for Director
they shared something special with their
of Central Intelligence Robert M. Gates;
neighbors and friends. Those meetings
U.S. Trade Representative Carla Hills; Gen.
taught me just what we mean when we talk
Brent Scowcroft, Assistant to the President
of a government of the people, by the
for National Security Affairs; Gen. Karl
people, and for the people.
Stiner, Commander of the U.S. Special Op-
The notion of public service has always
erations Command. William J. Donovan
motivated Americans to be Americans.
was founder and Director of the Office of
More than 150 years ago, de Tocqueville
Strategic Services during World War II.
noted with some astonishment that "When
Richard S. Welch, a CIA official, was killed
an American needs the assistance of his fel-
in Athens, Greece, on December 23, 1975. A
lows, it is very rare for that to be refused,
tape was not available for verification of
and I have often seen it given spontaneous-
the content of these remarks.
ly and eagerly." He did not mistake us for
saints. He understood that freedom de-
mands such service to others.
It also demands that public servants lead
Remarks to Representatives of Public
by example. Americans will not tolerate hy-
Administration Groups on Public
pocrisy. People in other countries wonder
Service
why we make such a fuss when our leaders
violate our standards of behavior. The
October 24, 1991
reason is simple: As Americans, we feel that
Thank you all very, very much for being
we have a destiny to lead, to show the way
here. I know it's nice to get off of work.
by ideals, not just to ourselves but to the
[Laughter] But I'm talking about getting
entire world.
people this interested in public service to
Yet while our Government rests upon un-
come together. I'm particularly pleased to
changing principle, it cannot rest upon past
see Tim Clark, who is president of the Na-
achievements. Government, like everything
tional Capital Area Chapter of the Ameri-
else, must evolve. Our long and sturdy tra-
can Society for Public Administration; Ray
dition of tolerance enables us to test new
Kline, over here, the president of the Na-
ideas through public debate. When Con-
tional Association of Public Administrators;
gress considers issues, no one minds a tough
and then my old friend Dave Maxwell, vice
and honest discussion. We expect it. By the
chairman of the Council for Excellence in
same token, we want and expect our free
Government, all interested in public serv-
press to look beneath events, take account
ice.
of people's motives, and ask tough questions
I am delighted to join you this morning. I
rather than numbly repeating partisan
come here, I hope, in a constructive vein to
propaganda or baseless rumor. We demand
discuss two issues that we all care about
integrity in public behavior and discourse,
deeply: public service and then, Tim
and when we don't get it, we react.
touched on it, public faith in government.
The recent hearings on Judge Thomas
Like many of you, I have devoted much
stirred a kind of anger. The American
of my adult life to public service. And I,
people saw some of the seamier sides of
too, cherish public service really as a special
Washington life. They saw proceedings that
honor and a personal obligation. And I
degenerated into target practice against
always have. Long ago, my dad served for
good men and women. Ronnie Perry of
years as the moderator of the town meet-
Brunswick, Georgia, wrote me a letter. I
ing, the Connecticut town meeting in our
don't know him. Here's what it said: "It is
town of Greenwich. It convened once a
my fear that good, honest, moral men and
month, and people came there and talked
women in this country will no longer sub-
about whatever concerned them as they
ject themselves to the ridicule that Judge
always do at town meetings. It could be
Thomas had to face." Likewise, Anita Hill's
rowdy or boring. The meetings always,
backers might wonder how anyone might
though, gave people a special sense that
be expected to come forward in the future
their opinions made a difference and that
if public officials cannot maintain proper
1495
Uni
Go
Pril
Oct. 24 / Administration of George Bush, 1991
SUPI
OF [
confidentiality, such as the confidentiality
you, in which I, take so much pride; more
Wast
promised to Professor Hill.
like a burlesque show than a civics class.
I want to digress, though, in fairness, to
The hearings also showed that politicians
read from page 3 of the hearings on the
must contend with a host of different forces
OFFI
Committee on the Judiciary, because Sena-
Pena
tor Biden, in my judgment, tried. Here's
and influences. The public saw the congres-
what he said at the very opening of these
sional staffers everywhere; saw outside pres-
hearings: "Second, while I have less discre-
sure groups exhorting and twisting, and the
staffs ever-present, everywhere.
tion than a judge in a trial to bar inappro-
priate or embarrassing questions, all of the
I worry that the hearings sent our people
witnesses should know that they have a
this kind of false message: "If you want to
right to ask that the committee go into
make a difference, don't enter public serv-
closed session." He cites a rule here, rule
ice. Join a special interest group. That way,
26.5, "to go into a closed session if a ques-
whether it's the right or the left, join a
tion requires an answer that is a clear inva-
special interest group, and that way you can
sion to the right to privacy.
fight as hard as you want or as dirty as you
"The committee will take very seriously
want without any responsibility for the re-
sults."
the request of any witness to answer par-
ticularly embarrassing questions as they
I served in Congress. I have great respect
view whether or not it is embarrassing to
for Congress. I know the incredible pres-
answer those questions in private." So I
sure and difficulty of working there. But
salute the Chairman for those words that
public faith in Congress is absolutely vital
went unheeded as the process unfolded.
for our form of government. I think we can
The bruising hearings showed what hap-
all work together to help strengthen its
pens when political factions let agendas
image and build greater public support.
overwhelm personal decency. Some people
Members of Congress criticize the execu-
have tried to drag public debate to a new
tive branch all the time. That's fine, often
low, searching openly for dirt, any dirt,
constructively. And I offer these sugges-
without regard to people's rights to privacy,
tions, then, in a spirit of constructive criti-
sometimes without concern for the facts.
cism.
While crusading pressure groups talk about
First, given the outrageous nature of the
their favorite issues, they forget that human
leaks and the Senate's announced intention
beings sit there beneath the glare of the
of going after them, the Senate must deter-
spotlight, vulnerable to assault from all
mine who leaked the information and
quarters. The piranha tactics of smearing
turned what should have been a confiden-
the individual and ignoring the issue serve
tial investigation into what many people
no public purpose. They aim to destroy
who wrote me described as "a circus" and
lives and wreck reputations.
"a travesty."
The dramatic hearings and the theatrics
Here's a proposal that I support: The
outside the hearing rooms captivated the
Senate should appoint immediately a spe-
attention of the American public, all right.
cial counsel to find out who leaked what
Millions upon millions of Americans
and for what reasons. The public cares very
watched the hearings with a combination of
much above this case, and in my view, they
curiosity, suspense, and, I submit to you all,
will for a long, long time. And the investiga-
disgust. The Nation was stunned and re-
tion ought to focus just on this case. And
pulsed by the spectacle. The scenes from
the special counsel should receive unfet-
the Senate bore little resemblance to the
tered access to all relevant records and wit-
tidy legislative process that we all studied in
nesses, and should have subpoena power to
school and that we describe to our children,
get the truth. The Senate ought to set a
now, maybe to our grandchildren. X-rated
clear goal for finishing up the investigation.
statements, cross-examinations pushed aside
I suggest January 3d, when it returns for a
the soaps and Saturday cartoons. And the
new session. Frankly, the American people
process seemed unreal, more like a satire
just will not understand it if the Senate fails
than like the Government in which all of
to bring the leaker or leakers to justice.
1496
Administration of George Bush, 1991 / Oct. 24
Second, we must promote more tolerant,
First, shorten the time-lapse between
less viciously partisan debate. I've heard
C1
nominations and confirmation; shorten it to
complaints that the White House does not
6 weeks. It takes four times as long to
consult sufficiently with Congress in mat-
secure a vote today; four times as long as it
ters of these nominations. Frankly, I have
did just 30 years ago, during the Presidency
tried to consult with Congress. And we wel-
of John Kennedy. It took the Senate an av-
come closer consultation. Let me just get
erage of 63 days to confirm our appoint-
that out on the table. I don't want to put
ments sent up in 1989; 65 days for the
any nominee through a public meat grind-
group nominated in 1990. We now have a
er. And I always welcome advice, especially
large group of people waiting for the
in cases that might prove controversial.
Senate to vote on their nominations, and
Much of what I have to say today has
they have been waiting an average of 80
been sharpened by discussion with Mem-
days.
bers of Congress. But let me make it clear: I
will not give a group of Senators veto
At the beginning of this week, more than
power over a nominee before the Senate
190 nominations remained pending before
has conducted hearings and held a confir-
the Senate. A few examples: I nominated
mation vote. I will not surrender Presiden-
Bob Clarke, Robert Clarke, for appointment
tial authority or powers any more than Con-
as Comptroller of the Currency on January
gress will surrender its power.
23d, more than 9 months ago; I nominated
In any event, no one ought to accept the
Larry Lindsey for a seat on the Federal
charge of insufficient consultation as an
Reserve Board on February 28th. In times
excuse for this unforgivable leak.
of economic concern, we need the service
Third, the hearings focused attention on
of these people. And if Members of the
the problem of sexual harassment in the
Senate don't like my nominees, then they
workplace. We have taken additional steps
should vote against them. But they should
at the White House as recently as yesterday
not stall progress by resorting to the old,
to address the problem. We will ensure that
and in my view, obsolete technique of plac-
employees of the Executive Office of the
ing a hold on nominations. Once again, this
President are aware of the problem and ap-
isn't Republican or Democrat; it is institu-
preciate fully our strong commitment to
tional.
building a workplace free of harassment.
We in the White House certainly must do
And on March 1st, our administration sub-
our part. We will redouble our efforts to
mitted a civil rights bill that contains specif-
ensure that nominees complete all their re-
ic provisions to strengthen penalties against
quired paperwork promptly and will re-
sexual harassment and encourage compli-
spond promptly to requests for further im-
ance with the law. That was back on March
portant information. I've asked our Office
1st. Congress will act soon, I hope by pass-
of the White House Counsel and Office of
ing my civil rights bill. And at the very
Government Ethics to see that our regula-
least, I hope Congress will pass the portions
tions and clearance procedures do not, how-
on which we have reached agreement.
ever, discourage public service. I am com-
But legislation alone can't solve the prob-
mitted to an ethical administration, but we
lem of sexual harassment in the workplace.
must ensure that our rules have not become
Sexual harassment is ugly behavior. Togeth-
so detailed and so onerous as to scare good,
er, we must eradicate prejudices, not just
honest people away from public service.
through laws, but through simple respect
And second, we will work with commit-
for other human beings. In the end, laws
tees in Congress to ensure the confidential-
can punish prejudice, but they cannot,
ity of information. I have ordered that the
alone anyway, produce enlightenment.
FBI reports be carried directly to commit-
Only we can do that by acting on our con-
tee chairmen and any members designated
victions.
by the chairmen. The members will read
The Thomas hearings also raised concerns
the reports immediately, in the presence of
about the confirmation process generally.
the agent, and then return them. No FBI
And let me offer several specific recom-
reports will stay on Capitol Hill. And fur-
mendations for reforming the process.
thermore, members only will have access to
1497
Uni
Go
Prir
Oct. 24 / Administration of George Bush, 1991
SUPE
OF D
these reports. Staffs will not have access to
the men and women who drafted the law.
these reports.
For you see, when Congress exempts itself
Wash
This preserves confidentiality. In my
from the very laws that it writes for others,
view, it protects nominees. It protects po-
it strikes at its own reputation and shatters
tential witnesses against the nominees. And
OFFI
public confidence in government.
it protects the Members of Congress.
Penal
These exemptions encourage special in-
Third, Congress should establish a mecha-
terest groups to press, then, for reckless
nism for investigating congressional leaks
regulations, knowing that Congress might
thoroughly, professionally, promptly. And
adopt such laws if it won't feel the sting of
I've met this week with several leaders
these laws. This practice creates the appear-
from the Senate from both parties, and they
agree that we must prevent future leaks
ance and reality of a privileged class of
rulers who stand above the law. Our found-
and establish a suitable mechanism for in-
vestigating them swiftly, bringing culprits
ers thought it proposterous to suggest that
to justice.
such behavior would ever take place in
There is no excuse for leaks that wreck
America.
lives and needlessly destroy reputations.
We did a little research. Federalist Paper
The law already prohibits such leaks from
number 57 asserts that elected officials, and
the executive branch. And again, we intend
here's the exact language, "can make no
to enforce that law rigorously. I know it's
law which will not have in full operation on
not easy. I've been there. I saw it when I
themselves and their friends, as well as on
was Director of Central Intelligence when
the great mass of society." The writer of
we dealt with national security. I've seen
that paper also noted ominously, "If this
frustrating leaks in the White House that
spirit shall ever be so far debased as to tol-
have nothing to do with character assassina-
erate a law not obligatory on the legislature
tion or national security, that simply relate
as well as on the people, the people will be
to policy matters. I know it's not a simple
prepared to tolerate anything but liberty."
matter here. But we've got to do better,
The people have begun to speak now.
both the executive and the legislative
And today I call upon the Congress to take
branch.
a simple step toward increasing public con-
And fourth, Congress ought to follow the
fidence. Submit to the laws it imposes on
same laws that it imposes on everyone else.
others, including strict enforcement provi-
More than a dozen laws apply to the execu-
sions, not just Ethics Committee jurisdic-
tive branch, but not the Congress. Most of
tion, and do so by the year's end.
these laws apply to everyone in America
except Members of Congress. Congress does
There's a lot of just plain people up there
not have to comply with the Equal Pay Act
on the Hill trying to make a living. And
of 1963. It does not have to follow title VII
people who work for Congress ought to
of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, a title that
have the same rights and legal remedies as
prohibits sexual harassment and discrimina-
those who work for anyone else.
tion on the basis of race, color, sex, religion,
But Congress also must submit to the
and national origin. It doesn't have to obey
laws that is imposed on the executive
the provisions of the Americans with Dis-
branch. And this includes the Privacy Act,
abilities Act of 1990, the Age Discrimina-
which prohibits inappropriate leaks by exec-
tion in Employment Act.
utive agencies, title VI of the Ethics in Gov-
I would wager that the American people
ernment Act of 1978, the independent
do not know that Congress has exempted
counsel law.
itself from the sexual harassment laws pri-
And all of us should demonstrate our
vate employers and the executive branch
commitment to clean and effective govern-
must obey. And they have. We've heard
ment. From the very start of my adminis-
choruses of criticism against the evils of
tration, I made it absolutely clear that I
sexual harassment. And we've received
expect my appointees to follow strict stand-
good suggestions about how to become
ards of propriety so the American people
more vigilant about this insidious crime.
would have full and increasing confidence
But these lessons should not be wasted on
in our ability and integrity.
1498
Administration of George Bush, 1991 / Oct. 24
I established a Commission on Federal
one doubts that Congress is in trouble as an
Ethics Law Reform in January of 1989. I
institution. In poll after poll, Americans de-
pushed for initiatives that resulted in the
scribe Congress", these are his words, "as
Ethics Reform Act of 1989. I signed an Ex-
inefficient, unresponsive, wasteful, and
ecutive order in April '89, setting forth the
compromised by the way it finances its
principles of ethical Government service.
campaigns." "It's time for Congress to take
And I charged the Office of Government
another look at itself," these four suggest.
Ethics with issuing a single, comprehensive,
"It's time to go beyond piecemeal efforts
and clear set of objective, reasonable, and
and to enact comprehensive, bicameral re-
enforceable standards. Those standards will
forms."
be ready soon. They're out now for review.
In the executive departments and the
I support the efforts of the congressional
White House we do strive to set and meet
reformers. A system originally designed to
high standards of public service. I'll never
help Congress do the public's business has
be happy. We can always do better in the
turned into a machine so complex and be-
executive branch, in the departments, and
wildering that the public doesn't under-
in the White House. And I pledge to the
stand it. Many Members of Congress do not
American people that I'm not here to point
fully understand it. Only specialists and lob-
fingers; I will continue to see that we do a
byists can pick their way through the laby-
better job of all of this in the executive
rinth.
branch of the Government. I'm going to
The American people want more. They
keep on trying. But all I'm doing here is
want a Government that will foster eco-
inviting the Congress to do the same. Some-
nomic growth and fight crime and drugs
times we protest too much, and we reform
and work to improve schools and build
too little. And so, now is the time to act.
better roads and answer the concerns of the
And finally-going on too long here, but
people. And they want a Government that
I'm wound up on this. [Laughter] I really
listens, not one that commands.
feel strongly about this. Finally, we all must
And in the end, taxpayers won't be im-
remember that our business is to do the
pressed with reforms if Members of Con-
public's business. That becomes increasingly
gress pay greater heed to the beltway lob-
different for a Congress that contains more
byists and pressure groups than to constitu-
than 300 committees and subcommittees
ents. If people feel powerless, they will find
and makes use of nearly 40,000 workers.
ways to recover their just powers.
It becomes increasingly difficult for a
Our founders handed down to us the
Congress that answers to no one with re-
finest system of Government in history, one
spect to its budget, its staff, its perks, even
in which the legislature and the executive
the enforcement of its own rules.
do battle as part of our system of checks
The business of doing the people's busi-
and balances. But we must remember who
ness gets even more difficult when commit-
is servant and who is master. Noah Webster
tees make broad and unfocused demands,
asked in 1802, "If all officers of Govern-
for example, the Judiciary Committee asked
ment are the servants of the people, how
Clarence Thomas to submit more than
can it be expected that the masters should
32,000 pages of documentation prior to his
not, at times, take the Government out of
hearings. I'd hate to give a quiz to the Sena-
the hands of the servants."
tors to see how many people read the
The reforms I've proposed today will help
32,000 documents that they asked for.
us do the people's business. They will rein
[Laughter] A defense bill routinely runs a
in a Government that seems remote, seems
gamut of committees and subcommittees.
distant and complex; they will bring it back
I support the bipartisan effort of Senators
to the people and give citizens the feeling
Boren and Domenici, Representatives Ham-
of power that we felt at those town meet-
ilton and Gradison to trim this overgrown
ings some 60 years ago. We must remem-
thicket of committees and subcommittees.
ber, we come here to serve. A few simple
These four are out front for congressional
reforms can go a long way toward building
reform, and I salute them. Senator Boren
the public faith upon which our entire de-
framed the matter when he said this, "No
mocracy depends.
1499
Un
Go
Oct. 24 / Administration of George Bush, 1991
Pri
SUPI
Thank you not only for your interest but
provision of assistance in locating, tracing,
OF C
for all you do in elevating public service.
immobilizing, seizing and forfeiting pro-
Wasl
It's worthwhile. Don't give up your work.
ceeds of crime, and restitution to the vic-
Thank you very, very much, indeed.
tims of crime.
I recommend that the Senate give early
OFFI
Note: The President spoke at 11:52 a.m. at
and favorable consideration to the Treaty
Pena
the National Museum of American History.
and give its advice and consent to ratifica-
The following persons were not clearly
tion.
identified: Clarence Thomas, Associate Jus-
tice of the Supreme Court; Anita Hill, a
University of Oklahoma law professor who
George Bush
testified before the Senate Judiciary Com-
mittee during the Clarence Thomas confir-
The White House,
mation hearing; Senators Joseph R. Biden
October 24, 1991.
and David L. Boren; and Representatives
Lee H. Hamilton and Willis D. Gradison,
Jr.
Proclamation 6364-National Breast
Cancer Awareness Month, 1991
Message to the Senate Transmitting the
October 24, 1991
Treaty on Mutual Assistance in
Criminal Matters Between Panama and
By the President of the United States
the United States
of America
October 24, 1991
A Proclamation
Despite all we have learned about pre-
To the Senate of the United States:
vention, despite all of the advances that
With a view to receiving the advice and
have been made in its diagnosis and treat-
consent of the Senate to ratification, I trans-
ment, breast cancer continues to kill thou-
mit herewith the Treaty between the
sands of American women each year. Stop-
United States of America and the Republic
ping this tragic loss of life will require con-
of Panama on Mutual Assistance in Criminal
tinued research as well as the sustained co-
Matters, with Annex and Appendices,
operation of scientists, health care profes-
signed at Panama on April 11, 1991. I trans-
sionals, educators, insurance providers, indi-
mit also, for the information of the Senate,
vidual women, and other concerned Ameri-
the Report of the Department of State with
cans.
respect to the Treaty.
The Treaty is one of a series of modern
According to the American Cancer Socie-
mutual legal assistance treaties being nego-
ty, women in the United States have never
tiated by the United States in order to
been at greater risk for breast cancer: an
counter criminal activities more effectively.
estimated one in nine women will develop
The Treaty should be an effective tool to
the disease at some point in their lives. For-
assist in the prosecution of a wide variety of
tunately, however, scientists across the
modern criminals, including members of
country also note that much progress has
drug cartels, "white collar criminals," and
been made in controlling breast cancer.
terrorists. The Treaty is self-executing.
Better and earlier treatment has helped
The Treaty provides for a broad range of
more and more women who have contract-
cooperation in criminal matters. Mutual as-
ed breast cancer to survive the disease.
sistance available under the Treaty in-
Today we continue to rely on basic re-
cludes: (1) the taking of testimony or state-
search to identify and develop improved
ments of witnesses; (2) the provision of doc-
means of preventing, diagnosing, and treat-
uments, records, and evidence; (3) the exe-
ing breast cancer. However, the knowledge
cution of requests for searches and seizures;
yielded by basic research is only as helpful
(4) the serving of documents; and (5) the
as our willingness and our ability to use it. If
1500
Administration of George Bush, 1990 / Mar. 6
the baseball teams, and she's asking me
back to the United States, and we are de-
about the strike, knowing that I don't take
lighted you're here. And frankly, I view this
questions at a photo opportunity. However,
as a very important meeting with a respect-
she got close to something I might answer-
èd friend. But other than that, I won't take
very close there. I was tempted.
any questions in here. However, the Prime
Meeting With Prime Minister Andreotti
Minister is free to do anything he wants in
here.
Q. Mr. President, are you going to ap-
prove a NATO meeting here on Germany
next month?
Note: A tape was not available for verifica-
The President. I'm not going to take any
tion of the content of the exchange, which
questions at a photo opportunity, except to
began at 10:35 a.m. in the Oval Office at
say this to the Italian journalists: Welcome
the White House.
Remarks to the American Society of Association Executives
March 6, 1990
Neil, thank you, sir. Thank you all. Thank
who settled the West. It's the tradition that
you, Neil Milner, chairman, for that warm
Tocqueville described more than 150 years
welcome and challenge. And Bill [Taylor],
ago when he came to America, observed
the president, the other president here
the scenes, and wrote that "Americans of all
today, thank you, sir. [Laughter] Let me
ages, all conditions, and all dispositions con-
just say I really am pleased and privileged
stantly form associations."
to be with this group of people that do so
That shouldn't surprise us, because the
much. You know, I really feel comfortable
act of association is nothing less than de-
talking to this group because most people
mocracy in action: individuals translating
think I've been free associating for years.
common interests into a common cause.
[Laughter]
And you know, today we see the power of
I heard that last year I accidentally
democracy, and isn't it an exciting time to
caused panic among your executive direc-
be alive, seeing this change in Eastern
tors. They thought I pledged no new faxes.
Europe and in Managua, Nicaragua? We see
[Laughter]
Believe it or not, there are still some
that power of democracy and we see fresh
Americans who don't know what the "asso-
evidence every day that the democratic
ciation for associations" is. That's why next
ideal we cherish, the idea we call America,
week they're doing a bit on you for TV's
is alive everywhere: in the Revolution of
"Unsolved Mysteries." [Laughter]
1989 that brought down the Berlin Wall
Because really, only your organization is
and brought freedom to Eastern Europe;
big enough and broad enough to include
here in our own hemisphere, in the great
the Leafy Greens Council and the Associa-
victories for democracy in Panama and
tion of Tongue Depressors. [Laughter] That
then again in Nicaragua-and millions of
happens to be a fact.
people now enjoying the freedoms that
But I guess it's only natural for the heads
America has known for two centuries.
of organizations like yours to get together
Here at home; we've got to see what
themselves. Some people think of our great
these transforming changes in the world
country as a nation of rugged individualists
mean for us. And those changes carry a
alone against the odds. And that is part of
challenge, a challenge to us to find in our
the American tradition, but only a part.
freedoms new ways to solve the problems
There's another tradition, a tradition as old
that threaten our society and our continued
as America itself, as old as Pilgrims and the
leadership in the whole world community.
Mayflower. Compact, as old as the pioneers
Look around at the problems we face: drug
325
Mar. 6 / Administration of George Bush, 1990
abuse, hunger, homelessness, illiteracy, de-
very own.
spair in our inner cities, the breakdown of
The story I want to tell you today-a
the family. There's a role, a critical role for
story that Martin Luther King, Jr., told in
government in finding solutions, but we
his speech he made the night before that
know government doesn't always have the
terrible day in Memphis, 22 years ago-it's
answers. If we could eliminate these prob-
a story about serving others and the cour-
lems, solve them once and for all with more
age that takes. It's a familiar story about the
programs, more bureaucracy, these prob-
Good Samaritan and the stranger he
lems would have disappeared a long time
helped. But there's another part of the
ago.
story we don't always remember. Before
The fact is, government isn't the only or-
the Good Samaritan stopped that day, two
ganized entity out there with the powers to
other men saw the injured stranger and
change things, the power to make a differ-
passed him by. And Dr. King thought long
ence. Everyone in this room is well aware
and hard about it, and he used to ask him-
of the advantages of association. But I don't
self: Why didn't the others stop to help?
know whether you are really aware of the
And Dr. King came up with some good
full extent of your own power, of the re-
reasons: They didn't stop because they were
sources, the expertise, the potential energy
too busy, had more important work waiting
your organizations can bring to bear on
in Jerusalem of far more consequence than
these problems-your ability to help solve
helping one unfortunate man; and so, on
community problems.
they went.
I know most associations are already
And then one day, Martin Luther King
active in community service, and I've heard
about some of the wonderful work being
put himself in their shoes. At the age of 30,
done: the Medical Association of Atlanta,
on his very first trip to the Holy Land, he
and his wife, Coretta, traveled that road
working after hours to provide free medical
care to the homeless; by the Oregon
from Jerusalem to Jericho. And Dr. King
Remodelers Association out there in Port-
saw the story of the Good Samaritan in a
land, Oregon, in Project Pride, a program
new light. That road starts off more than
to do home repairs for the low-income el-
1,000 feet above the sea level and ends in
derly; by the Hotel Association of New
Jericho 2,000 feet below sea level-a twist-
York, with its ongoing commitment to
ing road, full of blind curves. He imagined
donate surplus food to feed the hungry.
the road 2,000 years ago, each curve a per-
fect ambush for robbers. And at the
These are just three, just three of countless
community service projects that your asso-
moment, Dr. King realized why the two
ciations are engaged in, a commitment of
men didn't stop. It had nothing to do with
time and talent mirrored in similar commu-
the reasons he had imagined. They didn't
nity efforts by millions of Americans across
stop because they were afraid.
the country.
The way Dr. King imagined it, one asked
In fact, one study in 1988 found that
himself: "If I stop to help this man, what
Americans who volunteered in formal orga-
will happen to me?" And he went on about
nizations gave almost 15 billion hours
his way. But then the Good Samaritan came
valued at an estimated $150 billion. Now
along and he asked himself a different ques-
that's tremendous, but it's just the tip of the
tion: "If I don't stop to help this man, what
iceberg, just a fraction of all the good works
will happen to him?" And he asked himself
we are capable of. Because the fact is,
that question, and he found the courage to
coping with the problems we face is within
stop, the courage to help, the courage to
our power. There is no problem in America
serve.
that is not being solved somewhere. Think
So which question, then, do we ask our-
about it: the programs I've just men-
selves about going down to the soup kitch-
tioned-New York, Atlanta, Portland-thou-
en in that dangerous neighborhood; about
sands more. Think about ways that your or-
stopping on a dark street to help a homeless
ganization, every one of your members, can
man; about reaching out to those desperate
make this mission of serving others your
kids out there, kids who have no home life,
326
Administration of George Bush, 1990 / Mar. 6
who are hooked on drugs, who live a night-
community for solving social problems,
mare we can't begin to imagine? Doing any
become what we call Points of Light action
of these things isn't easy. Every one takes
groups.
an act of courage. But unlike the Good Sa-
And second, set a target of 100-percent
maritan, we don't have to act alone: Each
participation in community service. Chal-
one of you understands the power of collec-
lenge your constituents to call on every em-
tive action: how much we can get done
ployee and member at every level of every
when we work together, pool our resources,
organization, from the CEO on down to the
combine our talents.
newest hire, to make community service
And don't think it won't take courage. It's
their personal mission.
going to take courage to go back to your
And finally, a third challenge-recognize
member organizations, back to their CEO's
those members who are what I like to call
and boards of directors, and suggest that
Points of Light. I've belonged, as many of
they place community service at the center
you have, to many associations in my life,
of their agenda. It's going to take courage
and I know one of the things you do best is
to insist that community service has a place
to recognize outstanding performance. And
at the very heart of every organization. It
so, I ask you to turn the spotlight on com-
will take courage to make each one believe
munity service in your newsletters, your
that from now on in America, any defini-
magazines, at your annual meetings-on in-
tion of a successful life must include serving
dividuals who give 110 percent helping
others. But that's just exactly what I'm
people in need and on those organizations
asking you to do.
who demonstrate 100-percent participation
in community service.
Today, I want to lay down some chal-
I'm counting on you, each one of you, to
lenges, challenges to associations all over
take these challenges to heart. People in
America to take up community service.
this room represent thousands of associa-
First, build on a firm foundation. Find out
tions, organizations of all sorts and sizes, a
what's working in your industry, in your
combined membership of 100 million
profession, in your community; let your
Americans. And so today, I'm asking you:
members know which community service
Channel that energy into community serv-
programs are most effective; and then, chal-
ice, tap that power, and transform a nation.
lenge them to make those programs the
Once again, my thanks for all you are
blueprint for their own efforts. Find new
doing and all that you're going to do. God
ways to use existing assets. I understand
bless you, and God bless the United States
that one of the ASAE's great strengths is its
of America. Thank you all very, very much.
allied socièties structure-69 State and local
organizations, thousands more association
Note: The President spoke at 2:12 p.m. in
executives. And I'm asking each of these
Hall A at the Washington Convention
allied societies to take the lead in their
Center.
Nomination of Jo Anne B. Barnhart To Be an Assistant Secretary of
Health and Human Services
March 6, 1990
The President today announced his inten-
Since 1986 Mrs. Barnhart has served as
tion to nominate Jo Anne B. Barnhart to be
Republican staff director for the Govern-
Assistant Secretary for Family Support at
mental Affairs Committee of the United
the Department of Health and Human
States Senate. Prior to this, she served as
Services in Washington, DC. This is a new
campaign manager for Senator William V.
position.
Roth, Jr., in Wilmington, DE, 1987-1988;
327
Administration of George Bush, 1991 / Feb. 27
political pluralism
potentiary for Europe; Eugen Dijmarescu,
this organization and transform a nation
Romanian Minister of State for Economic
through community service. And what a
ese countries face
Orientation; George Varga, president and
terrific job you've done.
restructure their
chief executive officer of Tungsram Co.,
Looking around the room today, peeking,
Our administra-
Ltd., Hungary; Haile Aguilar, general man-
before I came in here, I see so many famil-
rong support and
ager of the Warsaw, Poland, Marriott Hotel;
iar faces, so many people that are making a
nd historic efforts.
Drew Lewis, chairman of the board of the
difference in the lives of others. Every man
to come over to
Citizens Democracy Corps; David S.
and woman here believes in the power of
t say, knowing of
Gergen, editor-at-large for U.S. News &
the individual, and is bolstered by the con-
e has in the busi-
World Report; Deputy Secretary of the
viction that America is indeed a land of
that when I got to
Treasury John E. Robson; Deputy Secretary
opportunity. For more than 200 years,
he news continues
of State Lawrence S. Eagleburger; Bruce S.
America has been the home of free markets
ery, very hearten-
Gelb, Director of the U.S. Information
and free people. And there is no question:
ericans took great
Agency; and Ronald W. Roskens, Adminis-
Opportunity in America is the envy of the
the liberation of
trator of the Agency for International De-
entire world.
eration of Kuwait,
velopment.
The story of America has been the story
uplete. I hope that
of opportunity. Throughout our history,
explain this note of
we've pioneered the frontiers of liberty for
say I have never
all humanity. Our Founding Fathers cre-
V life of anybody
Remarks at a Meeting of the
ated perhaps the most simple yet profound
nd women of the
American Society of Association
document in modern history-our Constitu-
orces. They have
Executives
tion and Bill of Rights. Abraham Lincoln
ion, enormous mo-
February 27, 1991
broke forever the chains of human slavery.
beginning. And I
e to contribute to
The suffrage movement made the promise
Thank you very, very much. And what a
and demonstration
of democracy a reality for women. The
wonderful reception. And I interpret that, I
V is united is abso-
founders of our public schools unleashed
think properly, the same way I interpreted
down in history.
our national potential through universal
the applause at the State of the Union mes-
education. And by their struggle for equal
e're going to con-
sage-as strong support for those men and
thing, ending it
rights, the leaders of the civil rights move-
women that are serving our country over-
rward and staying
ment helped bring dignity to the oppressed
seas. And now the war is almost over, and I
illenges that these
and disenfranchised. The story of opportu-
think we owe them a vote of thanks, and I
be helpful there.
nity in America is the story of Thomas
think I heard it right now. So, thank you,
: Soviet Union has
Paine and Frederick Douglass, Clara
Bill, and I'm just delighted to be here.
st of this goes for-
Barton, the Wright brothers, Rosa Parks.
I want to shift and talk about domestic
d to see that that
But it doesn't end there, with these
matters. And Bill, I couldn't help but glance
you caught me on
at this marvelous quilt coming in here, and
heroes from our past. There are the new
arly upbeat, with
I do think that we owe you and all the
American heroes of today, many of them in
-{applause]
others in the association a vote of thanks for
this room. And they, too, are inspired by
following through and, indeed, being points
pride, integrity, faith in the dignity of man,
ke at 10 a.m. in
of light.
and courage-yes, courage to overcome the
Executive Office
I want to salute our Attorney General
odds. It's called leadership by example-and
is, he referred to
who is with us today; our two able Secretar-
it's made America the world's great beacon
nt of the Yugoslav
ies so concerned also about what we're talk-
of freedom.
il; Georgi Pirinski,
ing about today, Secretaries Kemp and Sul-
These modern visionaries are the ones
n Grand National
livan; Ted Sanders, who is doing a superb
that are making history propelling us into
ek, Czechoslovak
job as our Acting Secretary at Education;
the next American century Theirs is a
reign Affairs and
and, of course, my old friend, a man so
movement it's more than 200 years old-
Coordination Com-
well-known to all of you, Bob Woodson of
as old as the Declaration of Independ-
ince; Ferenc Madl,
the Center for Neighborhood Enterprise.
ence-a movement defined by what Jeffer-
'hout Portfolio in
You know, it's hard to believe that a year
son called "the American mind" and what
e Minister; Polish
has passed since the challenge Bill men-
I've been calling "the American idea." It
'olski, Coordinator
tioned, since I challenged the members of
continues to sweep our country today with
Poland and Pleni-
ASAE to channel the tremendous energy of
a vigor as strong as ever. It's a vision driven
221
Feb. 27 / Administration of George Bush, 1991
by the strength and power of the American
parents-so that they can choose the best
dream.
school to attend. Our higher education
And I share that vision-for what is the
system is clearly, unquestionably, the finest
American dream if it isn't wanting to be
in the world-creative, innovative, and
part of something larger than ourselves? If
highly competitive. From the GI bill to Pell
it isn't creating a better life for our children
grants, college students already have the
than we might have had? If it isn't the free-
power to choose. And now it's time that our
dom to take command of our future? For
education system, all of it, became the
most people, these aspirations means enjoy-
finest in the world.
ing the blessings of good health or having a
We're also proposing education reforms
home to call one's own, or raising a family,
to build flexibility and accountability into
holding a stake in the community, feeling
our school systems. We've seen what educa-
secure-secure at home or in our neighbor-
tion reform can do, from East L.A. to East
hood.
But for others, sadly, America has not yet
Harlem. We're encouraging Governors to
fulfilled the promise of equality of opportu-
bring together teachers, parents, and ad-
nity. We know who they are: They're the
ministrators to work together to meet the
hopeless and the homeless, the friendless
needs of all students. We must cut the drop-
and the fearful, the unemployed and the
out rate and ensure that every student in
underemployed, the ones who can't read,
America arrives at school ready to learn and
the ones who can't write. They are the ones
graduates ready to work.
who don't believe that they will ever share
For some time now, the administration
in the American dream:
has called for the restructuring of American
I'm here to tell any American for whom
education. We've got to raise our expecta-
hope lies dormant: We will not forget you.
tions for our students and our schools. But if
We will not forget those who have not yet
we're going to ask more of them, it
shared in the American dream. We must
wouldn't be fair to tie the hands of the
offer them hope. But we must guarantee
teachers and principals-particularly those
them opportunity.
who make a difference. We need responsive
It's been said, "Hope is a waking dream."
schools-customer-driven ones, if you will-
That awakening begins with learning, un-
schools that are more market-oriented and
derstanding the power and potential of in-
performance-based, because it's time we
dividual effort, developing a skill, and with
recognize that competition can spur excel-
it, independence, earning a living, with dig-
lence in our schools. Choice is the catalyst
nity and personal growth. More skills mean
for change, the fundamental reform that
more freedom-more options for even
drives forward all others. These ideas will
greater opportunity.
stir us and guide us toward meeting the
Today, our administration is proposing an
national education goals the Governors and
agenda to expand opportunity and choice
for all. It involves more than six major ini-
I set up after that famous education
summit-because we can't expect to remain
tiatives across the scope of our entire gov-
ernment: restoring quality education, ensur-
a first-class economy if we settle for second-
class schools.
ing crime-free neighborhoods, strengthen-
ing civil and legal rights for all, creating
Millions of jobs await America's graduates
jobs and new businesses, expanding access
in the coming years. But to fill those jobs,
to homeownership, and allowing localities a
entrepreneurs will look increasingly to
greater share of responsibility. In its entire-
America's minorities-blacks, Hispanics and
ty, I believe it represent one of the most
Asians-and to people just entering the eco-
far-reaching efforts in decades to unleash
nomic mainstream-workers with disabil-
the talents of every citizen in America.
ities and mothers who have chosen to work
In several weeks, I will have legislation to
outside the home. The majority of those
enact this agenda on the desk of every Con-
jobs are safer, are cleaner, higher skilled,
gressman. The administration's educational
better paying jobs. And they will go to the
excellence proposals, by way of example,
ones who have what it takes-a quality edu-
will put choice in the hands of students and
cation.
222
Administration of George Bush, 1991 / Feb. 27
the
best
Everyone knows the best education takes
strong new remedies to protect women
education
place in a safe, drug-free environment. It is
from sexual harassment and minorities from
the
finest
difficult for children to learn if there's vio-
racial prejudice in the workplace. And I call
and
lence in the classroom or crime out in the
on the Congress to act promptly on this
ovative,
Pell
schoolyard or drug pushers along the way
important initiative. But legislation that
bill
to
home. And older students and workers find
only creates a lawyer's bonanza helps no
have
the
It hard to attend night school or put in late
one. We all know where opportunity really
time
that
our
hours at the office because of the danger
begins. As I said above, it begins with a job.
became
the
that darkness brings, especially in crime-
In our hardest hit urban and rural areas
ridden neighborhoods.
our enterprise zone proposal will create
reforms
Low-income Americans are the ones
new small businesses. We're providing new
intability
into
more likely to be intimidated by crime, less
incentives for employers to hire more work-
what
educa-
likely to be able to take advantage of oppor-
ers, by eliminating the capital gains tax on
L.A.
to
East
tunities that may be across town or even
businesses in these areas, and attracting
Governors
to
just around the corner. They're the ones
more seed capital. Our proposals mean eco-
and
ad-
defending themselves and their families
the
from the drug dealers and muggers down
nomic growth, more minority entrepre-
to
meet
cut
the
the hall or down the street. And they're the
neurs and most importantly, again, jobs.
drop-
student
in
ones who need opportunity the most.
The American dream also means choosing
to
learn
and
It is in their name that this battle for the
where to live and, for many working
streets of our cities must be waged. The
people, owning a home someday. We're of-
thugs and the gangs and the drug kingpins
fering public housing residents not only
administration
of
should be the casualties of this war. Our
control and management of their own com-
American
tactics: mandatory sentences for using a
munity, but for the first time, access to
our
expects
schools.
if
firearm in a violent crime; strengthened
home ownership and private property to
But
protection against sex crimes and child
gain a stake in their communities. We've
of
them,
it
hands
of
the
abuse; tough prosecutors; courts that mete
asked the Congress to provide much-
out equal justice, swiftly and surely; a prison
needed funding for the HOPE program in
ticularly
those
responsive
system that is up to the job. And finally, our
1991, to make this opportunity a reality in
strategy must include an unequivocal com-
our inner cities this year. And we're propos-
if
you
will-
mitment to our young people. There are
ing that Americans be allowed to use the
and
meaningful and adventurous alternatives to
money from their IRA's to buy their first
it's
time
we
a life of crime. And it starts with an educa-
home. These initiatives will bring us closer
spur
excel-
tion, a neighborhood that's safe and secure.
to our goal of one million new homeowners
is
the
catalyst
Opportunity is built on these foundations,
by 1992.
reform
that
but the door is opened by one thing: a job.
You know, there's something reassuring
ideas
will
Every American who wants a job should be
about becoming a part of a neighborhood, a
meeting
the
able to get one. Of course, vestiges of the
community that pulls together in times of
Governors
and
past remain. Bigotry and discrimination, re-
crisis, that looks out for one another. Each
education
grettably, still do exist. But we have power-
community in America is different, and its
to
remain
ful legal tools for eliminating discrimination.
residents know best how to take care of
for
second-
And remember, the legal guarantees of
each other, what the best options are for
equality of opportunity are largely in place:
programs and services for those who need a
graduates
Brown vs. the Board of Education, the Civil
hand. And so, we're proposing to allow
fill those jobs,
Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of
communities to restructure programs at the
ncreasingly
to
1965, the Fair Housing Acts of both 1968
local level.
Hispanics and
and 1988, the Americans with Disabilities
Our strength as a nation lies in the
tering
the
ecor
Act of 1990.
strength of our communities, the sum of our
with
disabil-
To assure that every American enjoys the
neighborhoods and families, our hopes and
:hosen
to
work
equality of opportunity and access, I am de-
dreams for the future. This is our adminis-
ority
of
those
termined to continue the vigorous enforce-
tration's agenda for opportunity. It begins
higher
skilled,
ment of these and of all our civil rights
in the heart of every person who believes in
will
to
the
Laws. And where our laws need improve-
freedom and lives on in the American
go
-a
quality
edu-
ment, I am committed to refining them.
dream. Every man and woman in this room
We will soon introduce legislation with
shares its vision. The great poet, Carl Sand-
223
Feb. 27 / Administration of George Bush, 1991
burg, put it this way: "nothing happens
Seven months ago, America and the
have ask
unless first a dream." Our mandate is to
world drew a line in the sand. We declared
quest th
make the dream a reality.
that the aggression against Kuwait would
Council
We face a new century, a new American
not stand. And tonight, America and the
rangeme
century. Half a world away, our allied
world have kept their word.
This su
troops face a defining moment in the new
This is not a time of euphoria, certainly
ations is
world order. And they are succeeding in
not a time to gloat. But it is a time of pride:
upon an;
their battle because each and every one of
pride in our troops; pride in the friends
Scud mi
them possesses a pride in their country, in-
who stood with us in the crisis; pride in our
Iraq vio
tegrity in their cause, and courage in their
nation and the people whose strength and
will be I
heart.
resolve made victory quick, decisive, and
Our troops will be home soon-coming
just. And soon we will open wide our arms
At eve
home to a grateful nation. And I want to
to welcome back home to America our
people o
ensure that their return is to a land of equal
magnificent fighting forces.
them bu
No one country can claim this victory as
above al
opportunity. And just as they have stood to
safeguard our freedom-the world's free-
its own. It was not only a victory for Kuwait
mains th
but a victory for all the coalition partners.
not our
dom-let us stand with pride, integrity, and
This is a victory for the United Nations, for
struction
courage in our hearts and expand the free-
doms of all Americans. It's up to each of us
all mankind, for the rule of law, and for
with kin
to secure the triumph of "the American
what is right.
war only
After consulting with Secretary of De-
the day
idea." And that idea is opportunity.
fense Cheney, the Chairman of the Joint
pared to
With God's help and yours, we will suc-
ceed. Thank you all very much. And may
Chiefs of Staff, General Powell, and our coa-
We mi
God bless our troops, and may God bless
lition partners, I am pleased to announce
ry and W
the United States of America.
that at midnight tonight eastern standard
securing
time, exactly 100 hours since ground oper-
we will (
Note: The President spoke at 11:08 a.m. in
ations commenced and 6 weeks since the
We've al
the Grand Ballroom at the J.W. Marriott
start of Desert Storm, all United States and
and plan
Hotel. In his opening remarks, he referred
coalition forces will suspend offensive
Secretary
to R. William Taylor, president of the
combat operations. It is up to Iraq whether
sult with
American Society of Association Executives;
this suspension on the part of the coalition
gion's ch
Attorney General Dick Thornburgh; Secre-
becomes a permanent cease-fire.
no solely
tary of Housing and Urban Development
Coalition political and military terms for a
lenges. I
Jack Kemp; and Secretary of Health and
formal cease-fire include the following re-
countries
Human Services Louis W. Sullivan.
quirements:
peace. In
Iraq must release immediately all coali-
to the r.
tion prisoners of war, third country nation-
round of
als, and the remains of all who have fallen.
This W
Iraq must release all Kuwaiti detainees. Iraq
the diffic
Address to the Nation on the
also must inform Kuwaiti authorities of the
historic
Suspension of Allied Offensive Combat
location and nature of all land and sea
proud of
Operations in the Persian Gulf
mines. Iraq must comply fully with all rele-
us give
February 27, 1991
vant United Nations Security Council reso-
lives. Le
lutions. This includes a rescinding of Iraq's
their live
Kuwait is liberated. Iraq's army is defeat-
August decision to annex Kuwait, and ac-
tary forc
ed. Our military objectives are met. Kuwait
ceptance in principle of Iraq's responsibility
remembe
is once more in the hands of Kuwaitis, in
to pay compensation for the loss, damage,
control of their own destiny. We share in
and injury its aggression has caused.
Good
their joy, a joy tempered only by our com-
The coalition calls upon the Iraqi Govern-
United St
passion for their ordeal.
ment to designate military commanders to
Tonight the Kuwaiti flag once again flies
meet within 48 hours with their coalition
Note: Pr
above the capital of a free and sovereign
counterparts at a place in the theater of
from the
nation. And the American flag flies above
operations to be specified, to arrange for
In his a
our Embassy.
military aspects of the cease-fire. Further, I
Saddam
224
NMENT
Administrators Urged to Turn
offers the solution. The
have said, We'll do more
To Entrepreneurial Practices
an Republicans basically
th less.' The party that
By Dana Priest
ficials also allowed departments to keep what
Washington Post Staff Writer
they did not spend from one year to the next
nerican people it can do
which encouraged managers to save money
David Osborne and Ted Gaebler have laid
The new thinking permeated every de-
party that will dominate
the golden egg for government: how to get
partment. Streets used to be swept every
more out of it for less.
"
three weeks but the man in charge found no
to
century.
It is called "Reinventing Government,
one complained if it was done only every
How the Entrepreneurial Spirit is Trans-
-David Osbome
four, which saved money. The same was
forming the Public Sector," a recently pub-
true for cutting park grass.
rks:
lished book whose impact on the govern-
City officials also rewarded department
ment is already being compared to the 1983
managers with bonuses of up to $1,000 each
ving
best-seller "In Search of Excellence," which
for outstanding group efforts. Employees
through the democratic polit-
influenced corporate boardrooms.
were encouraged to help the city save or
More than a road map, the book instructs
do what it does best, which
earn money by allowing them to take home
through example and constructs a concep-
15 percent of the savings or earnings their
Government must also have
tual framework that is hard to ignore.
innovations generated, with no ceilings.
to change to the rapidly
Yesterday in Room 2200 of the Rayburn
When Visalia decided it needed more cul-
House Office Building, the authors and two
tural life, the convention director and prt-
government practitioners-Massachusets
vate promoters made a deal to bring in well-
into Service Delivery
Gov. William F. Weld and Texas Comptroller
known acts and split the risk-the capital
services, but the fact that
John Sharp-captured and held the imagina-
investment-and the profit.
monopoly. Monopolies cause
tion of five members of the congressional
When the affordable housing supply dwin-
ower pace. Government
Joint Economic Committee for 2½ hours.
died, the city helped create a private, non-
ctor because competition
The gist of the work is this: that the in-
profit organization, loaned it $100,000, and
ness to customers.
ertia, waste and ineffectiveness of govern-
sold it 13 acres of excess city land. Fifteen
ment can be cured by an infusion of the en-
months later 89 families moved into their
s, Not Inputs
trepreneurial spirit, which can be cultivated
own homes.
en do well in a school, for
"Neither party offers the solution," Os-
W to measure results, they
IDEAS & FINDINGS
borne told the Republican and Democratic
cher costs, how much a chair
congressmen at the hearing yesterday.
by decentralizing decision-making, by let-
The Democrats have said, 'We'll do more
ting governments compete within them-
with more, the Reagan Republicans basic-
ds of the Customer, Not the
selves and with the private sector, and by
ally said, 'We'll do less with less.'
deregulating how governments operate.
"The party that first convinces the Amer-
hould drive how the program
The author's underlying assumptions are
ican people it can do more with less is the
ill, for example, gave veter-
that government should set priorities for
party that will dominate" politics "in the
Those institutions compet-
the public good; that bureaucracy, not bu-
coming century," he said.
1. In health care, government
reaucrats, is the problem; that normal gov-
In an interview after the meeting, Os-
ernment budgets encourage managers to
ed veterans to them. Which
borne, an author and consultant to state and
waste money; that monopolies engender a
local governments, was asked to assess the
sluggish work ethic.
presidential candidates in regards to the
an Cure
"Our thesis is simple," they write. The
ideas in the book.
ake 10-year budget projec-
kind of government that developed during
Tom Harkin would 'probably be hostile to
er spending on road repairs
the industrial era) with their sluggish, cen-
the ideas, he said. Edmund G. "Jerry"
tralized bureaucracies, their preoccupation
veral years from now. Same
Brown Jr. would probably "be sympathetic
with rules and regulations, and their hier-
n a person for life, than to
but unable to manage the change. Paul E
archical chains of command, no longer work
Tsongas is "very interested" but hasn't got
very well.
a detailed plan.
The debate over what local, state and
Bill Clinton asked to read the book in
federal governments should do has become
manuscript, and then asked Osborne to write
secondary to how they do it. "The central
a speech for him on the subject. He has in
failure of government. today is one of
corporated some of the book's ideas into his
means, not ends."
campaign. Some of Clinton's initiatives as
Osborne and Gaebler argue that solutions
governor of Arkansas are used as successful
are to be found mainly at the state and local
examples in the book, as is former Massachu-
levels where government officials, frustra-
setts senator Tsongas's successful rejuvena-
ted with the status quo, have come up with
tion of downtown Lowell, Mass.
radical solutions. They point to the example
As for the Republicans, President Bush
of Visalia, Calif., where Gaebler was once
appears to be a "moderate Republican who
city manager.
wants to do the right thing" but radical
There, officials adopted a new budget sys-
changes as proposed in the book 'are not in
tem that eliminated all line items within de-
his gut," Osborne said. He would not com-
partment budgets, freeing managers to move
ment on Patrick J. Buchanan, whom eldis-
THE WASHINGTON POST
resources around as needs shifted. City of-
missed as a candidate.
REINVENTING GOVERNMENT
Adm
TALKING
POINTS
"N
either party offers the solution. The
Democrats have said, We'll do more
To E
with more,' the Reagan Republicans basically
x-Notre Dame Coach
said, We'll do less with less.' The party that
) Get Drug Policy Job
first convinces the American people it can do
David Osbc
more with less is the party that will dominate
the golden eg
The White House plans to an-
more out of it
politics in the coming century.
"
unce that former Nótre Dame
It is calle
sketball coach Digger Phelps will
How the En
-David Osbome
n the office of national drug con-
forming the !
ol policy director Bob Martinez.
lished book
ielps will be the drug office's liai-
Keys to Changing How Government Works:
ment is alrea
n with the Bush administration's
best-seller "I
Catalytic Government: Steering Rather than Rowing
reed and seed" initiative-a Justice
influenced CO
epartment program designed to
Government must raise resources and set priorities through the democratic polit-
More than
habilitate impoverished commu-
ical process, but it should use the private sector to do what it does best, which
through exai
ties hit hard by drugs and violence.
is to organize the production of goods and services. Government must also have
tual framewc
Knowledgeable sources say the
the flexibility, in hiring, firing and shifting resources, to change to the rapidly
Yesterday
ug office has been negotiating
changing social conditions and the global economy.
House Office
ith Phelps for months and initially
government
id a difficult time finding a suitable
Competitive Government: Injecting Competition into Service Delivery
Gov. William
b for him. But Phelps had high-lev-
The issue here is not private versus public control of services, but the fact that
John Sharp-
patrons-President Bush and
so much of what the government does it does as a monopoly. Monopolies cause
tion of five
ice President Quayle, both of
behavioral shifts and people begin to operate at a slower pace. Government
Joint Econom
hom called Martinez and urged
should compete within itself and with the private sector because competition
The gist C
m to find a place for the ex-coach.
brings greater efficiency, innovation and responsiveness to customers.
ertia, waste
helps retired as Notre Dame coach
ment can be
st year. He is a member of the Cit-
Result-Oriented Government: Funding Outcomes, Not Inputs
trepreneuria
ens Stamp Advisory Committee,
Funding should be based on results, whether children do well in a school, for
e panel that advises the U.S. Post-
Service on the selection of
example. The problem is few governments know how to measure results, they
IDE
know how to measure inputs-how much each teacher costs, how much a chair
tamps.
by decentra
for each child costs.
ting govern
Return to Cambodia
Customer-Driven Government: Meeting the Needs of the Customer, Not the
selves and V.
Cambodian refugee Sichan Siv, a
Bureaucracy
deregulating
ember of the White House public
What the customers want out of a given program should drive how the program
The authc
aison staff, returned to his native
does its job. Customer choice is key here. The GI Bill, for example, gave veter-
that govern:
ambodia Monday, 16 years after he
ans money to go to any school or technical institute. Those institutions compet-
the public g
scaped from the Khmer Rouge re-
reaucrats, is
ed for the clients by tailoring their programs to them. In health care, government
ime that killed most of his family.
ernment bu
"It could be very emotional for me,
did the opposite; it created VA hospitals and assigned veteraris to them. Which
waste mone
ut I look forward to going," said Siv,
one works better?
sluggish wor
ho joined an official U.S. delegation
Anticipatory Government: Prevention Rather Than Cure
"Our thes
or three days of travel in the country.
Leaders should be required to think long-term, to make 10-year budget projec-
kind of gove
he group is headed by Richard Sol-
the industria
tions, so that voters will understand that if they defer spending on road repairs
mon, assistant secretary of state for
tralized bur
Last Asian and Pacific Affairs.
this year, for instance, it will cost twice as much several years from now. Same
with rules a
Siv, who drove a taxi in Manhattan
is true for social problems. It costs more to imprison a person for life, than to
archical chai
nd worked in a Connecticut ice
meet their needs when they are young.
very well."
ream parlor before he joined Bush's
The deba
988 campaign as a volunteer, joined
"O
ur thesis is simple. The kind of
federal gove
he White House staff in 1989 as a
government that developed dur-
secondary t
leputy assistant for public liaison. He
failure of
egularly contacts Asian-American
ing the industrial era, with their sluggish,
means, not
groups, which he said yesterday have
Osborne a
een highly supportive of Bush's ef-
centralized bureaucracies, their preoccu-
are to be for
orts to bring a U.N. peacekeeping
levels where
orce to his former country.
pation with rules and regulations, and
ted with the
Siv said he planned to hóld a me-
their hierarchical chains of command, no
radical solut
norial service for his mother, older
of Visalia, (
ister and brother who died during the
longer work very well.
city manage
Khmer Rouge massacres of 1 million
-Ted Gaebler
There, off
0 2 million Cambodians.
tem that eli
-Michael Isikoff and Bill McAllister
partment bu
THE WASHINGTON POST
resources at
MARCH 1992
I'm
Recent Library
Acquisitions
Office of Administration
Library and Information
Services Division
11111111
Executive Office of the President Libraries
NEOB
LAW
OEOB
Room G-102, NEOB
Room 528, OEOB
Room 308, OEOB
x3654
x3397
x7000
MARCH ACQUISITIONS
Auletta, Ken. Three Blind Mice: How the TV Networks Lost their Way. Random House, New York, NY,
1991. HE8698 .A94
Baldwin, Robert E. (ed.). Empirical Studies of Commercial Policy. University of Chicago Press,
Chicago, IL, 1991. HF1411 .B327b
Ball, Howard and Phillip J. Cooper. Of Power and Right: Hugo Black, William O. Douglas, and
America's Constitutional Revolution. Oxford University Press, New York, NY, 1992.
JK1519.B55 B24 1992
Benjamin, Daniel K. and Roger LeRoy Miller. Undoing Drugs: Beyond Legalization. Basic Books,
New York, NY, 1991. HV5825 .B35
Bennett, William John. The De-valuing of America: The Fight for our Culture and our Children.
Summit Books, New York, NY, 1992. HN57 .B448 1992
Boltuck, Richard and Robert Litan (eds.). Down in the Dumps: Administration of the Unfair Trade
Laws. Brookings Institution, Washington, DC, 1991. KF6708.D8 B64
Boyer, Carl B. A History of Mathematics. Wiley, New York, NY, 1991. QA21 .B69 1991
Clotfelter, Charles T., et al. Economic Challenges in Higher Education. University of Chicago Press,
Chicago, IL, 1991. LC67.62 .C58 1991
Conquest, Robert. Stalin: Breaker of Nations. Viking, New York, NY, 1991. DK268.S8 C65 1991
Dobyns, Lloyd and Clare Crawford-Mason. Quality or Else: The Revolution in World Business.
Houghton Mifflin, Boston, MA, 1991. T58 .D62
Doran, Charles F. and Stephen W. Buck (eds.). The Gulf, Energy, and Global Security: Political and
Economic Issues. L. Rienner Publishers, Boulder, CO, 1991. DS326 .D67
Elias, Stephen, et al. (eds.). Legal Breakdown: 40 Ways to Fix our Legal System. Nolo Press, Berkeley,
CA, 1990. KF8700. E42 1990
Ezorsky, Gertrude. Racism and Justice: The Case for Affirmative Action. Cornell University Press,
Ithaca, NY, 1991. KF3464 .E96 1991
Finlayson, C. Max and Michael Moser (eds.). Wetlands. Facts on File, New York, NY, 1991.
QH541.5. W4 F45
2
Fukuyama, Francis. The End of History and the Last Man. Free Press, New York, NY, 1992.
D16.8 .F84 1992
Glasser, Ira. Visions of Liberty: The Bill of Rights for All Americans. Arcade Publishers, New York, NY,
1991. KF4749 .G55 1991
Goldman, Marshall I. What Went Wrong with Perestroika. Norton, New York, NY, 1991.
DK274 .G64 1991
Heenan, David A. The New Corporate Frontier: The Big Move to Small Town, USA. McGraw-Hill,
New York, NY, 1991. HD58 .H43
Hewlett, Sylvia Ann. When the Bough Breaks: The Cost of Neglecting our Children. Basic Books, New
York, NY, 1991. HV741 .H48 1991
Kataoka, Tetsuya (ed.). Creating Single-Party Democracy: Japan's Postwar Political System. Hoover
Institution Press, Stanford, CA, 1992. JQ1698.A1 K28
Kosters, Marvin H. (ed.). Workers and Their Wages: Changing Patterns in the United States. AEI
Press, Washington, DC, 1991. HD4975 .K67 1991
Lacey, Dan. Your Rights in the Workplace. Nolo Press, Berkeley, CA, 1991. KF3319 .L32 1991
Lasch, Christopher. The True and Only Heaven: Progress and Its Critics. Norton, New York, NY,
1991. E169.1 .L28 1991
Lawson, Steven F. Running for Freedom: Civil Rights and Black Politics in America since 1941.
Temple University Press, Philadelphia, PA, 1991. E185.61 .L39a
Leffler, Melvyn P. A Preponderance of Power: National Security, the Truman Administration, and the
Cold War. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA, 1992. E813 .L43 1992
Light, Paul Charles. Forging Legislation. W.W. Norton, New York, NY, 1992. UB357 .L53
MacMurray, John Van Antwerp. How the Peace was Lost: The 1935 Memorandum, Developments
Affecting American Policy in the Far East. Hoover Institution Press, Stanford, CA, 1992.
DS518 .M24 1992
Mapp, Alf Johnson. Thomas Jefferson: Passionate Pilgrim: The Presidency, the Founding of the
University, and the Private Battle. Madison Books, Lanham, MD, 1991. E332 .M36a
Mehuron, Tamar Ann (ed.). Points of Light: New Approaches to Ending Welfare Dependency. Ethics
and Public Policy Center, Washington, DC, 1991. HV95 .M43
Miller, Edward S. War Plan Orange: The U.S. Strategy to Defeat Japan, 1897-1945. Naval Institute
Press, Annapolis, MD, 1991. D767.2 .M54
National Research Council (U.S.). Computers at Risk: Safe Computing in the Information Age.
National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1991. QA76.9.S4 N35 1991
Nixon, Richard M. Seize the Moment: America's Challenge in a One-Superpower World. Simon &
Schuster, New York, NY, 1992. E744 .N58b 1992
Oberdorfer, Don. The Turn: From the Cold War to a New Era: The United States and the Soviet Union,
1983-1990. Poseidon Press, New York, NY, 1991. E183.8.R9 O23 1991
3
Osborne, David E. and Ted Gaebler. Reinventing Government: How the Entrepreneurial Spirit is
Transforming the Public Sector. Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., Reading, MA, 1992. JK421 .079 1992
Pakenham, Thomas. The Scramble for Africa, 1876-1912. Random House, New York, NY, 1991.
DT20 .P24 1991
Patterson, Lyman Ray. The Nature of Copyright: A Law of Users' Rights. University of Georgia Press,
Athens, GA, 1991. KF2994 .P28 1991
Perez, Louis A. Cuba and the United States: Ties of Singular Intimacy. University of Georgia Press,
Athens, GA, 1990. E183.8.C9 P37 1990
Perret, Geoffrey. There's a War to be Won: The United States Army in World War II. Random House,
New York, NY, 1991. D769 .P37 1991
Popkin, Samuel L. The Reasoning Voter: Communication and Persuasion in Presidential Campaigns.
University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, 1991. JK524 .P66 1991.
Porter, Bruce D. Red Armies in Crisis. Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington, DC,
1991. UA11 .P67 1991
Reps, John William. Washington on View: The Nation's Capital since 1790. University of North
Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC, 1991. F195 .R46 1991
Rock, Milton L. and Lance A. Berger (eds.). The Compensation Handbook: A State-of-the-Art Guide
to Compensation Strategy and Design. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, 1991. HD4909 .R62 1991
Rosenberg, Gerald N. The Hollow Hope: Can Courts Bring about Social Change? University of
Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, 1991. KF8700 .R67 1991
Sicherman, Harvey. Palestinian Self-Government (Autonomy): Its Past and its Future. Washington
Institute for Near East Policy, Washington, DC, 1991. DS119.7 S51
Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr Isaevich. Rebuilding Russia: Reflections and Tentative Proposals. Farrar,
Straus, and Giroux, New York, NY, 1991. DK274 .S73 1991
Temin, Peter (ed.). Inside the Business Enterprise: Historical Perspectives on the Use of Information.
University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, 1991. HD38.7 .T34
Troy, Gil. See How They Ran: The Changing Role of the Presidential Candidate. Free Press, New York,
NY, 1991. JK524 .T76
U.S. News & World Report. Triumph without Victory: The Unreported History of the Persian Gulf War.
Times Books, New York, NY, 1992. DS79.72.U6 1992
Van der Ryn, Sim and Peter Calthorpe. Sustainable Communities: A New Design Synthesis for Cities,
Suburbs, and Towns. Sierra Club Books, San Francisco, CA, 1991. HT123 V25 1991
Witcover, Jules. Crapshoot: Rolling the Dice on the Vice-Presidency: From Adams and Jefferson to
Truman and Quayle. Crown, New York, NY, 1992. JK609.5 .W58 1992
FOLLOW THE MONEY
was initially a skeptic of the exorbitantly priced physics
project known as the superconducting super collider. A
company in Hammond, La., got a $150 million contract to
build magnets for the atom-smasher. Johnston is now a
stalwart defender of the project.
Sen. Ernest F. Hollings, a Democrat from South Carolina,
has long complained about the way the Justice Department
has gobbled up money to fight crime at the expense of
programs that promote America's business competitive-
ness. No sense crying over spilt milk: At Hollings' instiga-
tion, the Justice Department will spend $10 million next
year to transfer its prosecutor-training program from
Washington to the University of South Carolina Law
Center at Hollings' alma mater.
Lawmakers who oversee spending for parks and
recreation areas received more than 3,000 requests from
colleagues seeking money for special home-state projects.
The appropriators accommodated as many requests as they
could, often at the expense of projects preferred by Presi-
dent Bush.
Available Cash
Congress had to decide how to spend about a half-trillion
dollars for the 1992 fiscal year, which began on Oct. 1. That's
about a third of America's total spending, but because the
rest is spoken for with huge commitments such as Social
L
Security and the federal debt, this pot of money is annually
ook at how Congress has decided to spend money in
the only real chance politicians get to decide where the
1992, and you will find a portrait of America.
money goes.
It is a nation preparing for retrenchment of its troops.
The money is divvied up through a budget process that
It is a nation with a voracious appetite for new and
begins in the winter and ends in the fall. Though much is
better roads.
made of Washington's political paralysis in an age of divided
It is a nation where more people are on food stamps
government, one way or another Congress' appropriations
than ever before, and where $3.7 billion dollars must be
work gets done. It has to. Otherwise the government shuts
spent this year to clean up nuclear weapons plants.
down, as it did for three days in 1990.
It is a nation that will spend nearly twice as much for
But more than that, the imperative of congressional
fighting drug crime as it does for the Head Start preschool
appropriations is their reach into every aspect of society. A
program.
half-trillion dollars may not be enough to satisfy every
It is a nation that will pay thousands to research celery
demand, but it does pay for a lot of things. Many are non-
in Michigan and store Vidalia onions in Georgia.
controversial and make up the fabric of American life: A
Above all, it is a nation of compromise: The hard
new federal courthouse will be built in Minneapolis; North
choices of where the money should go are made easier by
Miami, Fla., will get a new bike path; every state will get
sending it everywhere. The nation's priority, it turns out, is
money to vaccinate children against measles.
its geography, and the totality of congressional spending is
Many items are strenuously debated: Production of B-2
the sum of its parochial parts.
stealth bombers is put on hold as the Pentagon adapts to a
Nobody understands this better than the dean of the
changed world; the expensive space station gets $2 billion,
House, Democrat Jamie L. Whitten of Mississippi, chair-
but other NASA programs must be pinched to free up cash
man of the Appropriations Committee. When Whitten
for new housing projects.
parcels out money for local projects, he believes he is
There are a million and one stories in Congress' 13
helping members with their problems. "And when I say
spending bills, though they are not easily discerned. The
members," he says with all seriousness, "I mean sections of
bills are crafted by 26 subcommittees, one for each bill in
the United States."
the House and Senate, and each is its own curious duchy.
So to follow the money, follow the members:
The subcommittee leaders are among Congress' most pow-
Sen. J. Bennett Johnston, a Democrat from Louisiana,
erful members, and their verdicts usually are accorded
10 - DECEMBER 7, 1991
CQ
great deference. Yet they tend to work in secret, taking
care of their own first. For other members of Congress,
getting a piece of the pie is a go-along, get-along dance.
The morass of testimony, reports, calculations and
$
legalisms that goes into producing appropriations bills
reveals what an extremely human endeavor it is. Requests
for money are vast, saying no is difficult, and decisions turn
on individual relationships, with little attention paid to a
WRITING CHECKS
national game plan. No wonder then that Congress as an
$2.69 billion for NASA's space shuttle pro-
institution - and the corps of journalists, lobbyists, bu-
gram.
reaucrats and scholars who fill the offices of Washington -
are rarely inclined to trace spending beyond general bor-
$8.4 million to maintain the 132-room White
ders or their own individual interests.
House. The 97-person staff includes five florists,
This special report is an attempt to give congressional
five calligraphers and five curators.
appropriations their proper heed. To follow the money.
$1.7 million for a research center in Texas to
Sending It Home
study how to make "killer bees" less aggressive.
Congress has come under intense fire over the past
decade for spending much more than it takes in. The
$41.5 million to build housing for Army person-
landmark 1990 budget deal with President Bush was aimed
nel on Oahu, Hawaii. Housing is so expensive
at trying to erase the growing federal deficit. Yet it also
that the families of junior military personnel are
moved the annual appropriations process into a new era.
Oahu's biggest group of food stamp recipients.
Underlying the particulars was a handshake between
President Bush's budget director, Richard G. Darman, and
$466 million to operate the Senate, which em-
the powerful chairman of the Senate Appropriations Com-
ploys about 7,400 people. It costs $709 million to
mittee, Robert C. Byrd, D-W.Va. The White House would
operate the House, which employs 12,500.
quit bashing Congress over discretionary spending (read:
$500,000 to control the brown tree snake, which
appropriations), and in return, Congress would quit creating
has decimated the bird population on Guam.
schemes to permanently mandate money for social programs
without a way to pay for them. Byrd even got Darman to
$2.2 billion for Head Start; it will serve 39,000
throw in some extra appropriations cash, which helps explain
more preschoolers than it did last year.
why a year after the big deficit-cutting deal, Congress will
spend about $17 billion more than the year before on
$50 million to house people with AIDS.
domestic programs.
Which brings up West Virginia. Byrd, who gave up his
$35.1 billion for basic pay for active-duty mili-
national role as Senate majority leader three years ago to run
tary personnel. Corporals with more than three
the Appropriations Committee, has funneled home more
years' experience will earn a little more than
than a billion dollars in a one-man crusade to revive his
$13,000. The 35 four-star generals will earn
economically depressed state. It's not clear how far such an
slightly more than $100,000.
infusion can go, but be assured that the people of Clarksburg
eagerly anticipate the economic juice that a new FBI finger-
print facility will bring to their community. The Robert C.
When more than 120 road projects came in over budget,
Byrd High School is now under construction.
appropriators cut them nominally across-the-board rather
That is high reward to an appropriator. But then,
than kill any one project. And when the administration
appropriators see their place in Washington not at the fore,
wanted $72 million for research on a plane that can go from an
as debaters of broad public policy, but rather in backrooms,
airport runway into Earth orbit, appropriators balked but
carving the fiscal pie. Most often it is served up in the
refused to pull the plug; they ponied up $5 million.
shape of their home districts. While these members may
That is infinitesimal in the scheme of a $1.5 trillion
try to put the nation's interests ahead of their own dis-
federal budget. But bill after bill, project after project, the
tricts', often it's a tie.
nation's economic and political gears run on such lubricants.
As Rep. Robert L. Livingston, a Republican from
And that is the essence of appropriations. Members of
Metairie, La., tells it: "Sometimes [money] might be more
Congress understand that where the money goes, so goes
properly spent in my district than in somebody else's."
the nation.
Once money is planted, it is difficult to uproot.
-Neil Brown, Managing Editor
CQ
DECEMBER 7, 1991 - 11
Administration of George Bush, 1991 / Feb. 27
political pluralism
potentiary for Europe; Eugen Dijmarescu,
this organization and transform a nation
Romanian Minister of State for Economic
through community service. And what a
ese countries face
Orientation; George Varga, president and
terrific job you've done.
restructure their
chief executive officer of Tungsram Co.,
Looking around the room today, peeking,
Our administra-
Ltd., Hungary; Haile Aguilar, general man-
before I came in here, I see so many famil-
rong support and
ager of the Warsaw, Poland, Marriott Hotel;
iar faces, so many people that are making a
nd historic efforts.
Drew Lewis, chairman of the board of the
difference in the lives of others. Every man
to come over to
Citizens Democracy Corps; David S.
and woman here believes in the power of
t say, knowing of
Gergen, editor-at-large for U.S. News &
the individual, and is bolstered by the con-
e has in the busi-
World Report; Deputy Secretary of the
viction that America is indeed a land of
that when I got to
Treasury John E. Robson; Deputy Secretary
opportunity. For more than 200 years,
he news continues
of State Lawrence S. Eagleburger; Bruce S.
America has been the home of free markets
ery, very hearten-
Gelb, Director of the U.S. Information
and free people. And there is no question:
ericans took great
Agency; and Ronald W. Roskens, Adminis-
Opportunity in America is the envy of the
the liberation of
trator of the Agency for International De-
entire world.
eration of Kuwait,
velopment.
The story of America has been the story
nplete. I hope that
of opportunity. Throughout our history,
explain this note of
we've pioneered the frontiers of liberty for
say I have never
all humanity. Our Founding Fathers cre-
V life of anybody
Remarks at a Meeting of the
ated perhaps the most simple yet profound
nd women of the
American Society of Association
document in modern history-our Constitu-
orces. They have
Executives
tion and Bill of Rights. Abraham Lincoln
ion, enormous mo-
February 27, 1991
broke forever the chains of human slavery.
beginning. And I
e to contribute to
The suffrage movement made the promise
Thank you very, very much. And what a
and demonstration
of democracy a reality for women. The
wonderful reception. And I interpret that, I
y is united is abso-
founders of our public schools unleashed
think properly, the same way I interpreted
down in history.
our national potential through universal
the applause at the State of the Union mes-
e're going to con-
education. And by their struggle for equal
sage-as strong support for those men and
thing, ending it
rights, the leaders of the civil rights move-
women that are serving our country over-
rward and staying
ment helped bring dignity to the oppressed
seas. And now the war is almost over, and I
illenges that these
and disenfranchised. The story of opportu-
think we owe them a vote of thanks, and I
be helpful there.
nity in America is the story of Thomas
think I heard it right now. So, thank you,
Soviet Union has
Paine and Frederick Douglass, Clara
Bill, and I'm just delighted to be here.
ot of this goes for-
Barton, the Wright brothers, Rosa Parks.
I want to shift and talk about domestic
d to see that that
But it doesn't end there, with these
matters. And Bill, I couldn't help but glance
you caught me on
at this marvelous quilt coming in here, and
heroes from our past. There are the new
arly upbeat, with
I do think that we owe you and all the
American heroes of today, many of them in
-[applause]
others in the association a vote of thanks for
this room. And they, too, are inspired by
following through and, indeed, being points
pride, integrity, faith in the dignity of man,
ke at 10 a.m. in
of light.
and courage-yes, courage to overcome the
Executive Office
I want to salute our Attorney General
odds. It's called leadership by example-and
:s, he referred to
who is with us today; our two able Secretar-
it's made America the world's great beacon
nt of the Yugoslav
ies so concerned also about what we're talk-
of freedom.
l; Georgi Pirinski,
ing about today, Secretaries Kemp and Sul-
These modern visionaries are the ones
n Grand National
livan; Ted Sanders, who is doing a superb
that are making history-propelling us into
ek, Czechoslovak
job as our Acting Secretary at Education;
the next American century. Theirs is a
reign Affairs and
and, of course, my old friend, a man so
movement-it's more than 200 years old-
Coordination Com-
well-known to all of you, Bob Woodson of
as old as the Declaration of Independ-
ince; Ferenc Madl,
the Center for Neighborhood Enterprise.
ence-a movement defined by what Jeffer-
thout Portfolio in
You know, it's hard to believe that a year
son called "the American mind" and what
e Minister; Polish
has passed since the challenge Bill men-
I've been calling "the American idea." It
olski, Coordinator
tioned, since I challenged the members of
continues to sweep our country today with
Poland and Pleni-
ASAE to channel the tremendous energy of
a vigor as strong as ever. It's a vision driven
221
Feb. 27 / Administration of George Bush, 1991
by the strength and power of the American
parents-so that they can choose the best
E
dream.
school to attend. Our higher education
plac
And I share that vision-for what is the
system is clearly, unquestionably, the finest
diffi
American dream if it isn't wanting to be
in the world-creative, innovative, and
lend
part of something larger than ourselves? If
highly competitive. From the GI bill to Pell
sch
it isn't creating a better life for our children
grants, college students already have the
hon
than we might have had? If it isn't the free-
power to choose. And now it's time that our
it h
dom to take command of our future? For
education system, all of it, became the
hou
most people, these aspirations means enjoy-
finest in the world.
that
ing the blessings of good health or having a
We're also proposing education reforms
rido
home to call one's own, or raising a family,
to build flexibility and accountability into
L
holding a stake in the community, feeling
our school systems. We've seen what educa-
mo
secure-secure at home or in our neighbor-
like
tion reform can do, from East L.A. to East
hood.
tun
But for others, sadly, America has not yet
Harlem. We're encouraging Governors to
bring together teachers, parents, and ad-
just
fulfilled the promise of equality of opportu-
def
nity. We know who they are: They're the
ministrators to work together to meet the
fro
hopeless and the homeless, the friendless
needs of all students. We must cut the drop-
the
and the fearful, the unemployed and the
out rate and ensure that every student in
one
underemployed, the ones who can't read,
America arrives at school ready to learn and
I
the ones who can't write. They are the ones
graduates ready to work.
stre
who don't believe that they will ever share
For some time now, the administration
thu
in the American dream.
has called for the restructuring of American
sho
I'm here to tell any American for whom
education. We've got to raise our expecta-
tac
hope lies dormant: We will not forget you.
tions for our students and our schools. But if
fire
We will not forget those who have not yet
we're going to ask more of them, it
pro
shared in the American dream. We must
wouldn't be fair to tie the hands of the
abr
offer them hope. But we must guarantee
teachers and principals-particularly those
ou
them opportunity.
who make a difference. We need responsive
sys
It's been said, "Hope is a waking dream."
schools-customer-driven ones, if you will-
stri
That awakening begins with learning, un-
schools that are more market-oriented and
mil
derstanding the power and potential of in-
performance-based, because it's time we
me
dividual effort, developing a skill, and with
recognize that competition can spur excel-
a 1
it, independence, earning a living, with dig-
lence in our schools. Choice is the catalyst
tio
nity and personal growth. More skills mean
for change, the fundamental reform that
more freedom-more options for even
drives forward all others. These ideas will
but
greater opportunity.
stir us and guide us toward meeting the
Ev
Today, our administration is proposing an
national education goals the Governors and
ab
agenda to expand opportunity and choice
for all. It involves more than six major ini-
I set up after that famous education
par
summit-because we can't expect to remain
gr
tiatives across the scope of our entire gov-
ful
a first-class economy if we settle for second-
ernment: restoring quality education, ensur-
An
class schools.
ing crime-free neighborhoods, strengthen-
eq
ing civil and legal rights for all, creating
Millions of jobs await America's graduates
Br
jobs and new businesses, expanding access
in the coming years. But to fill those jobs,
Ri
to homeownership, and allowing localities a
entrepreneurs will look increasingly to
19
greater share of responsibility. In its entire-
America's minorities-blacks, Hispanics and
an
ty, I believe it represent one of the most
Asians-and to people just entering the eco-
A
far-reaching efforts in decades to unleash
nomic mainstream-workers with disabil-
the talents of every citizen in America.
ities and mothers who have chosen to work
ed
In several weeks, I will have legislation to
outside the home. The majority of those
te
enact this agenda on the desk of every Con-
jobs are safer, are cleaner, higher skilled,
m
gressman. The administration's educational
better paying jobs. And they will go to the
la
excellence proposals, by way of example,
ones who have what it takes-a quality edu-
will put choice in the hands of students and
cation.
W
222
Administration of George Bush, 1991 / Feb. 27
choose the best
Everyone knows the best education takes
strong new remedies to protect women
gher education
place in a safe, drug-free environment. It is
from sexual harassment and minorities from
hably, the finest
difficult for children to learn if there's vio-
racial prejudice in the workplace. And I call
nnovative, and
lence in the classroom or crime out in the
on the Congress to act promptly on this
e GI bill to Pell
schoolyard or drug pushers along the way
important initiative. But legislation that
home. And older students and workers find
ready have the
only creates a lawyer's bonanza helps no
it hard to attend night school or put in late
t's time that our
one. We all know where opportunity really
hours at the office because of the danger
t, became the
begins. As I said above, it begins with a job.
that darkness brings, especially in crime-
In our hardest hit urban and rural areas
ridden neighborhoods.
our enterprise zone proposal will create
ucation reforms
Low-income Americans are the ones
new small businesses. We're providing new
ountability into
more likely to be intimidated by crime, less
incentives for employers to hire more work-
en what educa-
likely to be able to take advantage of oppor-
ers, by eliminating the capital gains tax on
ast L.A. to East
tunities that may be across town or even
businesses in these areas, and attracting
J Governors to
just around the corner. They're the ones
more seed capital. Our proposals mean eco-
arents, and ad-
defending themselves and their families
er to meet the
from the drug dealers and muggers down
nomic growth, more minority entrepre-
the hall or down the street. And they're the
neurs and most importantly, again, jobs.
ist cut the drop-
ones who need opportunity the most.
The American dream also means choosing
very student in
dy to learn and
It is in their name that this battle for the
where to live and, for many working
streets of our cities must be waged. The
people, owning a home someday. We're of-
administration
thugs and the gangs and the drug kingpins
fering public housing residents not only
should be the casualties of this war. Our
control and management of their own com-
ng of American
tactics: mandatory sentences for using a
munity, but for the first time, access to
se our expecta-
r schools. But if
firearm in a violent crime; strengthened
home ownership and private property to
of them, it
protection against sex crimes and child
gain a stake in their communities. We've
hands of the
abuse; tough prosecutors; courts that mete
asked the Congress to provide much-
out equal justice, swiftly and surely; a prison
needed funding for the HOPE program in
rticularly those
ed responsive
system that is up to the job. And finally, our
1991, to make this opportunity a reality in
strategy must include an unequivocal com-
our inner cities this year. And we're propos-
es, if you will-
et-oriented and
mitment to our young people. There are
ing that Americans be allowed to use the
meaningful and adventurous alternatives to
money from their IRA's to buy their first
it's time we
a life of crime. And it starts with an educa-
home. These initiatives will bring us closer
can spur excel-
tion, a neighborhood that's safe and secure.
to our goal of one million new homeowners
is the catalyst
Opportunity is built on these foundations,
by 1992.
al reform that
but the door is opened by one thing: a job.
You know, there's something reassuring
hese ideas will
Every American who wants a job should be
about becoming a part of a neighborhood, a
d meeting the
able to get one. Of course, vestiges of the
community that pulls together in times of
Governors and
past remain. Bigotry and discrimination, re-
crisis, that looks out for one another. Each
ous education
grettably, still do exist. But we have power-
community in America is different, and its
pect to remain
ful legal tools for eliminating discrimination.
residents know best how to take care of
ttle for second-
And remember, the legal guarantees of
each other, what the best options are for
equality of opportunity are largely in place:
programs and services for those who need a
ica's graduates
Brown vs. the Board of Education, the Civil
hand. And so, we're proposing to allow
fill those jobs,
Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of
communities to restructure programs at the
ncreasingly to
1965, the Fair Housing Acts of both 1968
local level.
Hispanics and
and 1988, the Americans with Disabilities
Our strength as a nation lies in the
tering the eco-
Act of 1990.
strength of our communities, the sum of our
with disabil-
To assure that every American enjoys the
neighborhoods and families, our hopes and
chosen to work
equality of opportunity and access, I am de-
dreams for the future. This is our adminis-
fority of those
termined to continue the vigorous enforce-
tration's agenda for opportunity. It begins
higher skilled,
ment of these and of all our civil rights
in the heart of every person who believes in
will go to the
laws. And where our laws need improve-
freedom and lives on in the American
-a quality edu-
ment, I am committed to refining them.
dream. Every man and woman in this room
We will soon introduce legislation with
shares its vision. The great poet, Carl Sand-
223
Feb. 27 / Administration of George Bush, 1991
burg, put it this way: "nothing happens
Seven months ago, America and the
have aske
unless first a dream." Our mandate is to
world drew a line in the sand. We declared
quest tha
make the dream a reality.
that the aggression against Kuwait would
Council m
We face a new century, a new American
not stand. And tonight, America and the
rangement
century. Half a world away, our allied
world have kept their word.
This susi
troops face a defining moment in the new
This is not a time of euphoria, certainly
ations is di
world order. And they are succeeding in
not a time to gloat. But it is a time of pride:
upon any
their battle because each and every one of
pride in our troops; pride in the friends
Scud missi
them possesses a pride in their country, in-
who stood with us in the crisis; pride in our
Iraq viola
tegrity in their cause, and courage in their
nation and the people whose strength and
will be fre
heart.
resolve made victory quick, decisive, and
Our troops will be home soon-coming
just. And soon we will open wide our arms
At every
home to a grateful nation. And I want to
to welcome back home to America our
people of ]
ensure that their return is to a land of equal
magnificent fighting forces.
them but i
No one country can claim this victory as
above all,
opportunity. And just as they have stood to
safeguard our freedom-the world's free-
its own. It was not only a victory for Kuwait
mains the
but a victory for all the coalition partners.
not our er
dom-let us stand with pride, integrity, and
This is a victory for the United Nations, for
struction.
courage in our hearts and expand the free-
doms of all Americans. It's up to each of us
all mankind, for the rule of law, and for
with kindı
to secure the triumph of "the American
what is right.
war only a
After consulting with Secretary of De-
the day will
idea." And that idea is opportunity.
fense Cheney, the Chairman of the Joint
pared to li
With God's help and yours, we will suc-
ceed. Thank you all very much. And may
Chiefs of Staff, General Powell, and our coa-
We must
God bless our troops, and may God bless
lition partners, I am pleased to announce
ry and war
the United States of America.
that at midnight tonight eastern standard
securing th
time, exactly 100 hours since ground oper-
we will co
Note: The President spoke at 11:08 a.m. in
ations commenced and 6 weeks since the
We've alre
the Grand Ballroom at the J.W. Marriott
start of Desert Storm, all United States and
and planni
Hotel. In his opening remarks, he referred
coalition forces will suspend offensive
Secretary
to R. William Taylor, president of the
combat operations. It is up to Iraq whether
sult with (
American Society of Association Executives;
this suspension on the part of the coalition
gion's chall
Attorney General Dick Thornburgh; Secre-
becomes a permanent cease-fire.
no solely A
tary of Housing and Urban Development
Coalition political and military terms for a
lenges. Bu
Jack Kemp; and Secretary of Health and
formal cease-fire include the following re-
countries di
Human Services Louis W. Sullivan.
quirements:
peace. In t
Iraq must release immediately all coali-
to the reg
tion prisoners of war, third country nation-
round of ce
als, and the remains of all who have fallen.
This war
Iraq must release all Kuwaiti detainees. Iraq
the difficu
Address to the Nation on the
also must inform Kuwaiti authorities of the
historic pe
Suspension of Allied Offensive Combat
location and nature of all land and sea
proud of Vi
Operations in the Persian Gulf
mines. Iraq must comply fully with all rele-
us give th
February 27, 1991
vant United Nations Security Council reso-
lives. Let
lutions. This includes a rescinding of Iraq's
their lives.
Kuwait is liberated. Iraq's army is defeat-
August decision to annex Kuwait, and ac-
tary forces
ed. Our military objectives are met. Kuwait
ceptance in principle of Iraq's responsibility
remember
is once more in the hands of Kuwaitis, in
to pay compensation for the loss, damage,
control of their own destiny. We share in
and injury its aggression has caused.
Good ni
their joy, a joy tempered only by our com-
The coalition calls upon the Iraqi Govern-
United Stat
passion for their ordeal.
ment to designate military commanders to
Tonight the Kuwaiti flag once again flies
meet within 48 hours with their coalition
Note: Pres
above the capital of a free and sovereign
counterparts at a place in the theater of
from the (
nation. And the American flag flies above
operations to be specified, to arrange for
In his ad
our Embassy.
military aspects of the cease-fire. Further, I
Saddam H
224
To
Date
Time
WHILE YOU WERE OUT
M Ben
of
Taylors office
Phone 626-2721
Area Code
Number
Extension
TELEPHONED
PLEASE CALL
CALLED TO SEE YOU
WILL CALL AGAIN
WANTS TO SEE YOU
URGENT
RETURNED YOUR CALL
Message
Operator
AMPAD
EFFICIENCY®
23-021 CARBONLESS
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
DATE: 3-10
TO: Jennifer
FROM: PEGGY HAZELRIGG
Assistant Director
Office of Presidential Advance
Room 185 1/2, OEOB, x7565
Final upy- Prease
note: our times
shifted back
somewhat , fyi,
P-
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
VISIT OF THE PRESIDENT
TO
WASHINGTON, D.C.
WEDNESDAY, MARCH 11, 1992
EVENT:
VIP Photo
DATE:
Wednesday, March 11, 1992
TIME:
1:05 pm - 1:15 pm
LOCATION:
Back Stage Area, Exhibit Hall A, Washington
Convention Center
ATTENDEES:
10 couples
PRESS:
Closed
SCENARIO:
THE PRESIDENT arrives Washington Convention Center
and is met by: Ms. Quincalee Brown, Chairman-
Elect, American Society of Association Executives; and Mr. George
Demarest, General Manager, Washington Convention Center.
Following Greetings, THE PRESIDENT proceeds to Back Stage Area.
THE PRESIDENT arrives Back Stage Area and begins participation in
VIP Photo. THE PRESIDENT concludes participation in VIP Photo,
departs Back Stage Area and proceeds to Exhibit Hall A Off-Stage
Announcement Area.
Photo participants include the leadership of the American Society
of Association Executives and their spouses.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
VISIT OF THE PRESIDENT
TO
WASHINGTON, D.C.
WEDNESDAY, MARCH 11, 1992
EVENT:
Address the American Society of Association
Executives
DATE:
Wednesday, March 11, 1992
TIME:
1:18 pm - 1:40 pm
LOCATION:
Exhibit Hall A, Washington Convention Center
ATTENDEES:
2,200
PRESS:
Open
SCENARIO:
THE PRESIDENT arrives Exhibit Hall A Off-Stage
Announcement Area and holds briefly. (NOTE:
Already positioned on stage will be Mr. Gene
Fondren, Chairman of the Board, American Society of Association
Executives; Mr. Bill Taylor, President, American Society of
Association Executives, and ten award recipients.) THE PRESIDENT
is announced onto Stage to Full Honors played by the United
States Marine Band and is Seated. (Enter Stage Left.) THE
PRESIDENT is introduced for Remarks by Mr. Gene Fondren, Chairman
of the Board, American Society of Association Executives. THE
PRESIDENT Remarks. (NOTE: A Teleprompter will be used.) THE
PRESIDENT concludes Remarks, departs Stage and proceeds to
Holding Room. (Exit Stage Left.) THE PRESIDENT arrives Holding
Room and holds briefly. THE PRESIDENT departs Holding Room,
proceeds to Motorcade and departs Washington Convention Center en
route White House.
The backdrop for THE PRESIDENT's Remarks is blue pipe and drape
with a banner reading, "ASAE." Flanking the stage are two
banners reading, "Forum "92" and "Meetings Management."
The Press platform is located straight on at 70 feet.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
SCHEDULE OF THE PRESIDENT
FOR
WASHINGTON, D.C.
WEDNESDAY, MARCH 11, 1992
EVENTS:
VIP Photo
Address the American Society of Association Executives
DRESS:
Men
- Business Suit
Women
- Day Dress
CONTACT:
Office of Presidential Advance
Ed Murnane
- 202/456-7565
Trip Coordinator
Peggy Hazelrigg
- 202/456-7565
ADVANCE:
Nels Olson
- LEAD
Steve Ross
- PRESS
Tom McCormick
- USSS
Gordon Koch
- WHCA
Wayne Justice
- MIL. AIDE
WEATHER:
Partly Cloudy/low 40's
SCHEDULE OF THE PRESIDENT
FOR
WASHINGTON, D.C.
WEDNESDAY, MARCH 11, 1992
12:55 pm
THE PRESIDENT boards Motorcade and departs White
House en route Washington Convention Center.
MOTORCADE ASSIGNMENTS:
Lead
Spare
B. Farish
Doctor
LIMO
THE PRESIDENT
Follow Up
Control
S. Skinner
Mil. Aide
Support
M. Fitzwater
Official Photographer
M. Lukens
Medic
Staff I
S. Rollins
(sedan)
Staff II
All Remaining Staff
(minivan)
Press Van I
M. Busch
Press Van II
(Drive Time: 5 Minutes)
1:00 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Washington Convention Center
and proceeds to Photo Area.
Met by:
Ms. Quincalee Brown
Chairman-Elect, American Society of
Association Executives
Mr. George Demarest
General Manager, Washington Convention Center
EVENT:
VIP PHOTO
CLOSED PRESS
1:05 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Photo Area and begins
participation in VIP Photo.
1:10 pm
THE PRESIDENT concludes participation in
VIP Photo, departs Photo Area and proceeds
to Hall A Off-Stage Announcement Area.
1:15 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Hall A Off-Stage
Announcement Area and holds briefly.
EVENT:
ADDRESS THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ASSOCIATION
EXECUTIVES
OPEN PRESS
RUFFLES AND FLOURISHES
OFF-STAGE ANNOUNCEMENT
HAIL TO THE CHIEF
REMARKS
TELEPROMPTER
Page Two
1:18 pm
THE PRESIDENT is announced onto Stage and
is Seated.
1:19 pm
THE PRESIDENT is introduced for Remarks
by Mr. Gene Fondren, Chairman of the Board,
American Society of Association Executives.
1:20 pm
THE PRESIDENT Remarks
1:40 pm
THE PRESIDENT concludes Remarks, departs Stage and
proceeds to Holding Room.
1:42 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives Holding Room and holds
briefly.
1:44 pm
THE PRESIDENT departs Holding Room and proceeds to
Motorcade.
1:45 pm
THE PRESIDENT boards Motorcade and departs
Washington Convention Center en route White House.
MOTORCADE ASSIGNMENTS:
Same as on Arrival.
(Drive Time: 5 Minutes)
1:50 pm
THE PRESIDENT arrives White House.
Page Three
TAB A
WASHINGTON CONVENTION CENTER
American Society of Association Executives
Arrival/Departure Diagram
Wednesday, March 11, 1992
Stairs
New York Avenue
Motorcade
Hall C
Limo
Elevators
X
Stairs
IIIIIIIII
Stage
[sun]
Off-Stage
Announce
11th Street
Area
Press
9th Street
Hall B
Hall A
Stairs
IIIIIII
Stairs
IIIIIIII
X
Elevators
X
Hall B
KEY:
THE PRESIDENT
GUESTS / STAFF
IIIIIII
PRESS POOL
X GREETERS
TAB B
WASHINGTON CONVENTION CENTER
American Society of Association Executives
Exhibit Hall A
Wednesday, March 11, 1992
Holding
Room
Staff
Staff
Photo
Hold
Off-Stage
Announce
Area
Stage
Band
Podium
.....
......
Staff
Viewing
Area
Press
Exhibit Hall A
Bleachers
KEY:
THE PRESIDENT
GUESTS / STAFF
PRESS POOL
TAB C
WASHINGTON CONVENTION CENTER
Americam Society of Association Executives
Dais Diagram
Wednesday, March 11, 1992
1
7
2
8
3
9
4
10
5
11
6
12
Podium
1. Mr. Gene Fondren, Chairman of the Board, ASAE
2. THE PRESIDENT
3. Mr. Bill Taylor, President. ASAE
4. Ms. Genia Harwell-Ryan, Public Service Chairman, Georgia Society of Association Executives
5. Mr. Jack Smith, Society of Automobile Engineers
6. Mr. Raymond Morris, Foundation Director, Society of Automobile Engineers
7. Ms. Ann Cox, President, Georgia Society of Association Executives
8. Mr. John Bailey, Executive Director, California Podiatric Medical Association
9. Ms. Carolyn Deaver, Vice President, Cosmetic, Toilet and Fragance Association
10. Mr. Charles Cumpstone, Executive Director, Shrine of North America
11. Mr.Chris Horine, President, California Podiatric Medical Association
12. Mr. John Dean, Chairman of the Board, Shrine of North America
KEY:
THE PRESIDENT
1,
us Code congressional + Administrative
SESSION HIGHLIGHTS News
Issue 8 october 199/cc
G
Emergency Unemployment Compensation
Once an unemployed person exhausts the standard 26 weeks of
Senato
insurance benefits, he will be entitled to extended benefits in his for State. an
honora
unemployment 4 to 20 weeks, depending upon the unemployment rate that
additional benefits will be available under this Act until the President determines he will
Natio
No an emergency exists; upon signing this Act, President Bush declared that
not make such a determination. [Pub.L. 102-107]
Comm
seq.
Energy and Water Development Appropriations, 1992
Public Law 102-104 appropriates $21,839,500,000 for energy and
Rura
development during fiscal year 1992. The President requested appropria- law:
water tions totalling $21,609,826,000. These are major allocations in the new
$ 3,610,235,000
Emplo
Department of Defense-Civil
and e
899,983,000
Bureau of Reclamation
102-8
Energy Supply Research and Development
2,961,903,000
Activities
Uranium Supply and Enrichment Activities
1,313,600,000
Terr™
General Science and Research Activities
1,472,489,000
11,968,000,000
Resea
Atomic Energy Defense Activities
362,029,000
it wil
Power Marketing Administrations
Federal Maritime Commission Authorization
Vege
The commission has been authorized $18 million during fiscal year
fruit
1992. [Pub.L. 102-100]
Vete
Intelligence Gathering
Funds are authorized for the United States intelligence community
accordance with a classified annex. The most controversial title deals must with
prog
in Congressional oversight of covert intelligence activities. The President of the
by P
Congressional intelligence committees fully and currently informed authorize a
claim
keep intelligence activities of the United States. The President may not policy
a res
activity unless it is necessary to support identifiable foreign No
covert and is important to the national security of the United Constitution. States.
PE
objectives activity may be authorized that violates any provision of the U.S.
Acc
[Pub.L. 102-88]
shou
Legislative Appropriations, 1992; Senate Honoraria
that
Public Law 102-90 appropriates $2,308,230,600 for the Legislative
desi,
of the Federal Government during fiscal year 1992. The President
Branch requested appropriations totalling $2,638,535,500. These are major obligations
Agi
in the new law:
$406,248,600
Senate
709,211,000
avai
House of Representatives
140,013,000
wea
Architect of the Capitol
ii
SESSION HIGHLIGHTS
Congressional Printing and Binding
89,341,000
General Accounting Office
438,679,000
weeks of
Senators will receive the same pay as Representatives; they may not accept
ts for an
honoraria income.
is State.
ines that
it he will
National Commission on Libraries
Public Law 102-95 makes technical amendments to the National
Commission on Libraries and Information Science Act, 20 U.S.C.A. §§ 1501 et
seq.
ergy and
ppropria-
Rural Telephone Cooperatives
new law:
For the purpose of preemption of State insurance laws under the
5,000
Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA), rural telephone
3,000
and electric cooperative welfare plans will receive equal treatment. [Pub.L.
102-89]
3,000
0,000
Terry Beirn Community-Based AIDS Research Initiative
9,000
The National Institute of Health's Community-Based AIDS
0,000
Research Initiative will be reauthorized through the close of fiscal year 1996 and
9,000
it will be renamed in memory of Mr. Terry Beirn. [Pub.L. 102-96]
Vegetable or Fruit Juice
fiscal year
On and after May 8, 1993, the label on a container of vegetable or
fruit juice must indicate the percentage of juice therein. [Pub.L. 102-108]
Veterans' Benefits
ommunity
Several aspects of the compensation, pension, and life insurance
deals with
programs administered by the Department of Veterans Affairs have been revised
ident must
by Public Law 102-86. The new law provides liability insurance to cover any
med of the
claim for money damages awarded against the National Academy of Sciences as
authorize a
a result of its Agent Orange study.
eign policy
States. No
onstitution.
PENDING LEGISLATION
Acquisition of Nondevelopmental Items
S. 260 would codify existing practice, to wit: federal agencies
should save money by purchasing nondevelopmental items (standard products
Legislative
that can be purchased on the open market without development or special
e President
design) commercially.
obligations
Agricultural Disaster Assistance
248,600
The disaster assistance available for 1990 crops would be made
211,000
available for 1991 crops as well; it would cover damage resulting from bad
013,000
weather or related conditions. Disaster payments would be available if crop
iii
124
Table 5-1 Congressional Staff, 1979-1989
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
House
Committee staff
2,027
1,917
2,068
2,146
2,136
2,267
Personal staff
7,067
7,487
7,606
7,528
7,584
7,569
Leadership staffb
162
127
135
144
138
133
Officers of the House, staffc
1,487
1,686
1,728
1,818
1,845
1,215
Subtotal, House
10,743
11,217
11,537
11,636
11,703
11,184
Senate
Committee staff
1,410
1,150
1,176
1,178
1,207
1,116
Personal staff
3,593
3,945
4,059
4,097
4,075
3,837
Leadership staffb
91
106
120
118
103
105
Officers of the Senate, staffᶜ
828
878
948
976
904
926
Subtotal, Senate
5,922
6,079
6,303
6,369
6,289
5,984
Joint committee staffs
138
126
123
131
132
138
Support agencies
General Accounting Office
5,303
5,182
4,960
5,042
5,016
5,063
(30% of GAO) working
directly for Congress
(1,591)
(1,555)
(1,488)
(1,513)
(1,504)
(1,519)
Library of Congress
5,390
4,799
4,815
4,809
4,824
4,841
(Congressional Research
Service)
(847)
(849)
(853)
(860)
(860)
(860)
Congressional Budget Office
207
218
211
222
226
226
Office of Technology
Assessment
145
130
130
143
143
143
Subtotal, support agencies
11,045
10,329
10,116
10,216
10,209
10,273
(Subtotal, only CRS in
Library and 30% of GAO)
(2,790)
(2,752)
(2,682)
(2,738)
(2,733)
(2,748)
Miscellaneous
Architect
2,296
1,986
2,061
2,073
2,412
2,088
Capitol Police Force
1,167
1,163
1,148
1,227
1,250
1,259
Subtotal
3,463
3,149
3,209
3,300
3,662
3,347
Total
31,311
30,900
31,288
31,652
31,995
30,926
(Total, only CRS in Library
and 30% of GAO)
(23,056)
(23,323)
(23,854)
(24,174)
(24,519)
(23,401)
Note: Totals for Tables 5-1 through 5-8 reflect number of full-time employees.
a Includes select and special committee staffs. Figures therefore do not agree with those in Table 5-5.
b Includes legislative counsels' offices.
C Doorkeepers, parliamentarians, sergeants-at-arms, clerk of the House, Senate majority and minority secretaries, and postmasters.
Sources: For 1979, Report of the Clerk of the House, July 1, 1979-September 30, 1979; Report of the Secretary of the Senate, April 1, 1979-September 30, 1979; U.S.
Office of Personnel Management, Work Force Analysis and Statistics Branch, Federal Civilian Workforce Statistics, monthly release, October 31, 1979, 6. For
1981, U.S. Congress, House, Committee on Appropriations, Subcommittee on Legislative Branch Appropriations, Hearings on Legislative Branch
Appropriations for 1983, pt. 1, 24-28; U.S. Congress, Senate, Committee on Appropriations, Hearings on Legislative Branch Appropriations for 1982, 117, 253, 266;
Senate Committee on Rules and Administration, Senate Committee Funding, 97th Cong., 1st sess., 1981, Committee Print 2; Report of the Secretary of the Senate,
October 1, 1981-March 31, 1982, 1-23. For 1983, House LBA Hearings for 1985, pt. 1, 23-27; Office of the Clerk of the House; Senate Committee on Rules and
Administration, Senate Committee Funding, 98th Cong., 2d sess., 1984, Committee Print 3; Senate LBA Hearings for 1984, 47, 276; Office of the U.S. Capitol
Police. For 1985, House LBA Hearings for 1987, pt. 1, 22-27; Report of the Clerk of the House, October 1, 1985-December 31, 1985; Senate Committee on Rules and
Administration, Senate Committee Funding, 99th Cong., 2d sess., 1986, Committee Print 2; Senate LBA Hearings for 1986; Report of the Secretary of the Senate,
October 1, 1985-March 31, 1986; Office of the U.S. Capitol Police. For 1987, House LBA Hearings for 1989, pt. 2; Office of the Clerk of the House; Senate LBA
Hearings for 1988; Report of the Secretary of the Senate, October 1, 1987-March 31, 1988; Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1989
(Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1989), 252; Office of the Architect of the Capitol; Office of the U.S. Capitol Police. For 1989, House
LBA Hearings for 1991, pt. 1; Office of the Clerk of the House; Senate LBA Hearings for 1990; Report of the Secretary of the Senate, October 1, 1989-March 31,
1990.
28
Congress
Congress is so strange. A man gets up to speak and says nothing.
Nobody listens-and then everybody disagrees.
Boris Marshalov
About all I can say for the United States Senate is that it opens with
prayer and closes with an investigation.
Will Rogers
Reader, suppose you were an idiot. And suppose you were a mem-
ber of Congress. But I repeat myself.
Mark Twain
( )
If the present Congress errs in too much talking, how can it be
otherwise in a body to which the people send 150 lawyers?
Thomas Jefferson
They say women talk too much. If you worked in Congress you
know that the filibuster was invented by men.
Clare Boothe Luce
Why are congressmen called public servants? You never see servants
that anxious to keep their jobs.
Robert Quillen
Ignorance, idleness and vice may be sometimes the only ingredients
for qualifying a legislator.
Jonathan Swift
All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of
Political Quotations
yean thrust of lance or sword, but the
510. The Democratic Party at its worst is better for the country than the Republican Party at
tor. -Norman Thomas, quoted on the
its best. -Lyndon Baines Johnson, speech, 1955
Carthy, The New York Times, Dec 2,
511. Have you ever tried to split sawdust? -Eugene J. McCarthy, on accusation he had split
Democratic Party, NBC-TV, Oct 23, 1969
e all able to judge it. -Pericles, quoted
512. A new Government took office in Washington, not via bayonets and tanks as is the custom
nomist, Apr 23, 1988
in some of the world's capitals (but) in the Democratic Way via hyperbole, sham, melodrama
and public-spirited mendacity. -R. Emmett Tyrrell Jr., on Carter's inauguration, Time, Mar
e powers conveyed upon a government
7, 1977
possible, to construct a constitution that
T on Democracy", The Economist, Apr
513. The Democratic Party is a party in name only, not in shared belief. -Ramsey Clark, Time,
Aug 25, 1980
ruler causes too much harm? When we
514. There were so many candidates on the platform that there were not enough promises to
hat allows a majority vote to dismiss the
go around. -Ronald Reagan, on Democratic presidential primary debate in New Hampshire,
always be right. We do not even say that
Newsweek, Feb 6, 1984
ect procedure is the best so far invented.
515. In the pageant of unity (at the Democratic National Convention), one speaker after
nomist, Apr 23, 1988
another recited a Whitmanesque litany of races and classes and minorities and interests and
1. way of government. Democracy, the
occupations-or unemployments. Some speakers, in fact, made the nation sound like an immense
Ronald Reagan, farewell address, Jan 11,
ingathering of victims-terrorized senior citizens, forsaken minorities, Dickensian children—
warmed by the party's Frank Capra version of America: Say, it's a wonderful life! -Lance
Morrow, "All Right, What Kind of People Are We?", Time, Jul 30, 1984
, it doesn't tell us. "We the people" are
where it should go, and by what route,
516. (Democrats) can't get elected unless things get worse-and things won't get worse unless
they get elected. -Jeane J. Kirkpatrick, Time, Jun 17, 1985
11, 1989
DICTATORSHIP/TYRANNY
er pride of ancestry nor hope of posterity.
517. Any excuse will serve a tyrant. -Aesop, "The Wolf and the Lamb", Fables, ca. 550 B.C.
gislature, Sep 13, 1860
518. This is a sickness rooted and inherent/ in the nature of a tyranny:/ that he that holds it
with itsilf. -Finley Peter Dunne, Mr.
does not trust his friends. -Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound, ca. 478 B.C.
519. Death is better, a milder fate than tyranny. -Aeschylus, Agamemnon, 458 B.C.
erica a great deal more. When the
520. When the tyrant has disposed of foreign enemies by conquest or treaty, and there is
[ rise up and dissent. -Woodrow Wilson,
nothing to fear from them, then he is always stirring up some war or other, in order that the
people may require a leader. -Plato, The Republic, ca. 390 B.C.
plain, ordinary, everyday citizen, neither
521. The people have always some champion whom they set over them and nurse into
: "best minds" but the average mind. The
greatness. This and no other is the root from which a tyrant springs; when he first appears
ble's master; the Republicans believe that
he is a protector. -Plato, The Republic, ca. 390 B.C.
ninds, should rule the Government; the
ern. -Eleanor Roosevelt, "Jeffersonian
522. Let them hate me, so they but fear me. [Oderint, dum metuant.] -Lucius Accius,
fragment from a lost tragedy
928
523. The laws can't be enforced against the man who is the laws' master. -Benvenuto Cellini,
if a Memory. -Will Rogers, letter to Al
Autobiography, 1558-66
524. For how can tyrants safely govern home,/ Unless abroad they purchase great alliance?
olish traditions. -Franklin D. Roosevelt,
-William Shakespeare, King Henry the Sixth, Part III, 1591
525. The abuse of greatness is when it disjoins/ Remorse from power. -William Shakespeare,
a
t, and you've got to be a humorist to stay
Julius Caesar, 1599
1934
526. For the people, I desire their liberty and freedom as much as anybody whatever. But I must
im a Democrat. -Will Rogers, quoted by
tell you that their liberty and freedom consists in having of government those laws by which their
I, Prince of Wit and Wisdom, 1935
life and their goods may be most their own. It is not having a share in government; that is nothing
to rescue it from oblivion. -Will Rogers,
pertaining to them. A subject and a sovereign are clean different things. -Charles I, speech on
the scaffold, Jan 30, 1649
S
33
WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 6, 1991
wall Street Jounal
Liberals for Term Limits
By JOHN H. FUND
would gain power under term limits are
eral Seattle Times, Washington state's
House Speaker Tom Foley charges that
simply proof that "we must curb the ex-
largest newspaper, stunned its readers by
most of the support for the term limit pro-
cessive power of those political players as
endorsing term limits. WCVB-TV, the ABC
posal in Washington state came from "ex-
well." He notes both groups opposed term
affiliate in Boston, has often had its liberal
treme right-wing activists." Ron Brown,
limits in his home state; the California ini-
editorials called "the Boston Globe of the
chairman of the Democratic National Com-
tiative included budget cuts that retired
airwaves." In April, it denounced term
mittee, says "term limits are a back-
more than 700 legislative staffers.
limits as "the latest anti-government fad
handed attempt by Republicans to get rid
Other former Democratic governors
to sweep the country." Last month, the
of Democrats they can't defeat at the
who favor term limits include Vermont's
station made a highly unusual about-face
polls." Are term limits a crusade driven
Madeleine Kunin and Colorado's Richard-
and endorsed term limits for Congress:
by only one party or ideology? While it's
Lamm. "Breaking the gridlock of incum-
"We're not going to get [leadership] till we
true the most visible term limit advocates
bency could throw the doors open to new
have a massive infusion of new blood.
are right of center. the movement is pick-
people and new ideas that would make pol-
Among Democratic Party activists,
ing up many prominent liberal and Demo-
itics rewarding, meaningful and fun," says
James Calaway of Texas is typical of those
cratic supporters.
Ms. Kunin. "The system needs a kick in
who now favor term limits. Currently the
Certainly the polls show that term lim-
the rear," says Mr. Lamm. "Term limits
national treasurer for the American Civil
its are overwhelmingly popular with Amer-
have flaws, but they will provide badly
Liberties Union, Mr. Calaway was also
icans regardless of income, party, race or
needed competition."
chairman of the national Democratic
sex. Last month's Wall Street Journal/
While many prominent Democrats sup-
Party's $15 million "Victory Fund" in 1988.
NBC News poll showed Americans back
port term limits, party apparatchiks are
He says term limits would mean "we're
term limits by 75% to 21% nationwide.
dead set against them. The Democratic
governed by citizens who go home after
Those earning less than $20,000 a year sup-
Congressional Campaign Committee has
their service and not permanent, elitist
ported term limits by 77% to 16%. Demo-
quietly put out the word that it will black-
people who never leave office." Other
crats and blacks both gave term limits
Texas Democrats who have joined him in-
71% support. Women favored term limits
clude Frances "Sissy" Farenthold, who co-
more than men. Martin Plissner, political
Term limits for Con-
chaired George McGovern's 1972 national
director for CBS News, says he has "never
seen an issue on which there was SO little
gress have been supported
campaign, and Leonel Castillo, Jimmy
Carter's director of the Immigration and
demographic variátion."
by some of history's most
Naturalization Service.
One reason is that term limits would
Neo-liberals, who believe that central-
open up politics to many people now ex-
prominent
Democrats:
ized bureaucracies are the biggest obstacle
cluded from office by career incumbents.
Presidents Truman and
to reforming government, are also warm-
These include blacks, other minorities, and
ing to term limits. David Osborne, who be-
women. Most of the authors of Washington
Kennedy both endorsed
came sort of a guru for neo-liberals with
state's term limit are liberal Democrats
his book "Laboratories of Democracy,"
who want to break up "the old-boy net-
the idea.
speaks for many reform-minded liberals
work." One of the authors, Sherry Bock-
when he says, "Term limits are necessary
winkel, says "You won't see white incum-
list political consultants who advise candi-
to shake things up and disrupt the
bents hanging on to districts that long ago
dates to back term limits and has told poll-
careerist mindset that leads to SO much
became largely minority."
sters not to ask term-limit questions.
cowardice in elected officials."
Opportunities for Women
Intimidation like that has slowed sup-
Good for Democrats
port for term limits among Democratic of-
"Incumbency is the glass ceiling of
While Speaker Tom Foley reacts to
ficeholders, but there are exceptions. In
American politics," says Kay Slaughter,
term limits the way that Linus in the
Massachusetts, the state's Democratic at-
the Democratic candidate in a special U.S.
comic strip "Peanuts" would if his secu-
torney general and secretary of state both
House election in Virginia yesterday. She
rity blanket were taken away; some House
favor term limits. In Texas, Gov. Ann
thinks term limits will give women more
Democrats think his concern that term
Richards says she "would be glad" to sign
opportunities in politics; her GOP oppo-
limits would result in large GOP gains in
a bill limiting congressional and legislative
nent refused to support federal term lim-
Congress is a fantasy. "People who say
terms. Lt. Gov. Bob Bullock also leans in
its. Former Rep. Shirley Chisholm, who in
term limits are a Republican plot to oust
favor of term limits.
1972 was the first black to run for a major-
incumbents should know that a majority of
Journalists are under fewer constraints
party presidential nomination, says "long-
open seats are won by Democrats,' says
than elected officials in expressing enthusi-
term incumbency is a big reason that Con-
Rep. Andy Jacobs of Indiana. Indeed, the
gress no longer works and isn't representa-
asm for term limits. Among those who
Democratic Party cculd actually be helped
have, and who will never be accused of be-
tive. We need a lot more turnover." Colo-
by term limits, according to former Okla-
ing card-carrying Republicans, are: Wash-
rado Rep. Ben Nighthorse Campbell, the
homa state legislator Cleta Mitchell, a self-
only American Indian in Congress, backed
ington Post columnist Richard Cohen, syn-
described "liberal feminist" who works
dicated columnist Richard Reeves, the Na-
a term limit measure last year that re-
with the Denver-based term limit group
tional Journal's Neal Peirce and Time
stricted his own tenure.
Americans Back in Charge. "Democrats
magazine's Michael Kramer.
Term limits for Congress have been
must offer voters more than the simple
Hendrik Hertzberg, a former
supported by some of history's most prom-
powers of incumbency," she says. "So long
speechwriter for Jimmy Carter who edited
inent Democrats. Harry Truman and John
as our party is dominated by cynical vet-
the New Republic until last month, agrees
F. Kennedy both endorsed the idea while
erans it will turn off the young people who
term limits would mean a loss of some
are our party's future."
they were president.
distinguished legislators. However, he con-
No one suggests the drive to enact term
Today, former California Governor
cludes "it would be a cost worth paying to
limits will be easy-especially in states
Jerry Brown says advocacy of term limits
be rid of the much larger number of time-
that ban voter initiatives. But there are
is a key element in his populist presiden-
servers who have learned nothing from
already signs that business lobbies, labor
tial campaign against a "constipated" po-
longevity in office except cynicism, com-
unions and other term limit opponents are
litical system. "Term limits are a castor
placency and a sense of diminished possi-
relying more on convincing judges-start-
oil that democracy needs to take," he says.
bility." Columnist Ellen Goodman says
ing with Florida's heavily politicized state
Last year, as head of the California Demo-
"We have to learn once again that ideal
Supreme Court-to overturn state term
cratic Party he refused to sign a party
public service is, by definition, tempo-
limits than on trying to convince voters to
slate mailer against term limits. "I saw in-
rary." She thinks the current Congress
reject the idea. The leading anti-term limit
cumbents spend their time fund-raising
proves "the politically privileged class has
group, Let the People Decide, has closed
and worrying about how to stay in office.
become more isolated than experienced."
its Washington, D.C., offices and been re-
It's time more candidates thought of poli-
Such recent body-blows to Congress as
duced to a skeleton staff.
tics as a calling instead of a career."
Kitegate and the Clarence Thomas hear-
Mr Brown savs arguments that legisla-
ings have convinced some liberal media
Mr. Fund is a Journal editorial
Table 5-13 Allowances for Senators, 1972-1991
Category
1972
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
Clerk-hire
$311,577-
$508,221-
$592,608-
$645,897-
$695,244-
$716,102-
$754,000-
$814,000-
588,145ᵃ
1,021,167ᵃ
1,190,724*
1,297,795*
1,396,947*
1,438,856ᵃ
1,636,000*
1,760,000*
Legislative assistance
n.a.
$157,626b
$183,801ᵇ
$200,328b
$215,634b
$243,543b
$248,000b
$269,000ᵇ
c
C
C
C
C
Postage
$1,215-1,520
c
c
$3,600-5,000
c
C
C
C
c
C
C
Stationery
20-22
c
c
C
C
c
c
C
Travel (round trips)
District and state
offices rental
n.a.
4,800-
4,800-
4,800-
4,800-
4,800-
4,800-
4,800-
8,000
8,000
8,000
8,000
8,000
8,000
8,000
sq. ft.d
sq. ft.d
sq. ft.ᵈ
sq. ft.d
sq. ft.
sq. ft.d
sq. ft.ᵈ
Furnishings,
state offices
n.a.
$22,550-
$22,550-
$22,550-
$22,550-
$30,000-
$30,000-
$30,000-
31,350
31,350
31,350
31,350
41,744
41,744°
41,744°
Official office
expense account
n.a.
$33,000-
$33,000-
$36,000-
$36,000-
$36,000-
$33,000-
$47,000-
143,000¹
143,000¹
156,000'
156,000¹
156,000
156,000¹
122,000¹
n.a. = not applicable.
a There is no limit on the number of employees a senator may hire. He must, however, use only the clerk-hire or legislative assistance allowance to pay
staff salaries. The clerk-hire allowance varies according to state population.
b In addition to clerk-hire, each senator has a legislative assistance allowance worth $269,000 in 1991. This allowance is reduced for any committee
chairman or ranking minority member of a committee. It is also reduced for any other senator authorized by a committee chairman to recommend or
approve any individuals for appointment to the committee staff who will assist that senator "solely and directly" in his duties as a member of the
committee. The reduction requirements were waived for the 99th and 100th Congresses.
C This allowance is one of the allocations of the consolidated office expense allowance. Before January 1, 1973, senators were authorized individually
controlled allowances for six expense categories as follows: transportation expenses for the senator and his staff; stationery; air mail and special delivery
postage; long-distance telephone calls; telegram charges; and home state expenses, which include home state office expenses; telephone service charges
incurred outside Washington, D.C.; subscriptions to newspapers, magazines, periodicals, and clipping or similar services; and home state office rent
(repealed effective July 1, 1974).
Effective January 1, 1973, the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1973, provided for the consolidation of these same allowances to provide flexibility to
senators in the management of the same dollars provided for their expense allowances. No limit was imposed on any expense category by this
authorization. The allowance was designated as the consolidated office expense allowance. Effective January 1, 1977, the Legislative Branch Appropriation
Act redesignated the consolidated office expense allowance as the official office expense account.
d Effective July 1, 1974, the Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 1975, provided a formula for the allowable aggregate square feet of office space in the
home state of a senator. There is no limit on the number of offices that may be established by a senator in his home state, but the designated square footage
may not be exceeded. The cost of office space in the home state is not chargeable to the official office expense account.
e An aggregate furniture and furnishings allowance is provided through the General Services Administration for one or more state offices in either federal
or privately owned buildings. The $30,000 minimum allowance for office space not greater than 4,800 square feet is increased by $734 for each authorized
increase of 200 square feet of space.
f The expense account may be used for the following expenses (2 U.S.C. 58[a], as amended):
1. official telegrams and long-distance phone calls and related services
2. stationery and other office supplies purchased through the stationery room for official business
3. costs incurred in the mailing or delivery of matters relating to official business
4. official office expenses in home state, other than equipment or furniture (purchase of office equipment beyond stated allocations may be made
through 10 percent funds listed under item 9 below)
5. official telephone charges incurred outside Washington, D.C.
6. subscriptions to newspapers, magazines, periodicals, or clipping or similar services
7. travel expenses incurred by a senator or staff member, subject to certain limitations
8. expenses incurred by individuals selected by a senator to serve on panels or other bodies making recommendations for nominees to service
academies or federal judgeships
9. other official expenses as the senator determines are necessary, including (a) additional office equipment for Washington, D.C., or state offices; (b)
actual transportation expenses incurred by the senator and employees for official business in the Washington metropolitan area (this is also allowed to
employees assigned to a state office for actual transportation expenses in the general vicinity of the office to which assigned but is not available for a
change of assignment within the state or for commuting between home and office).
The total reimbursement expense for the calendar year may not exceed 10 percent of the total official office expense account.
Beginning with fiscal year 1981, each senator was also allowed to transfer funds from the administrative, clerical, and legislative assistance allowances to
the official office expense account.
Sources: For 1972, Senate LBA Hearings for 1980. For 1979-1985, U.S. Senate, Congressional Handbook. For 1987, "Salaries and Allowances: The Congress." For
1989, Office of the Secretary of the Senate; Office of the Sergeant-at-Arms. For 1991, Senate Disbursing Office.
140
Table 5-12 Allowances for Representatives, 1977-1991
Category
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
Clerk-hire
$238,580
$288,156
$336,384
$366,648
$394,680
$406,560
$431,760
$475,000
$211
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
Postage
$6,500
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
Stationery
b
Travel (round trips)
33
b
b
b
b
b
b
Telephone/telegraph
$5,200 for
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
equipment;
15,000
long-distance
minutes
District and state
2,500 sq. ft.
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
offices rental
$27,000
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
Furnishings (one-time)
Official expenses
$7,000
$50,000-
$66,200-
$588,850-
$105,513-
$105,513-
$108,400-
$135,000-
130,000
248,601
279,470
306,509
306,509°
306,500
317,000
Constituent
communications
$5,000
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
(begun in 1975)
$9,000
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
Equipment lease
a Each member was entitled to an annual clerk-hire allowance of $475,000 for a staff not to exceed twenty-two employees, four of whom must fit into five
categories: (1) shared payroll-employees, such as computer experts, who are shared by members; (2) interns; (3) employees on leave without pay; (4) part-
time employees; (5) temporary employees-employees hired for a specific purpose for not more than ninety days.
b As of January 3, 1978, previous individual allowances for travel, office equipment lease, district office lease, stationery, telecommunications, mass
mailings, postage, computer services, and other official expenses were consolidated in a single allowance category-the official expenses allowance.
Members may budget funds for each category as they see fit. The official expenses allowances for individual members ranged from $135,000 to $317,000 for
the 1991 calendar year. The average allowance for 1991 was $173,500.
Each member is entitled to a base official expenses allowance of $105,500. In addition, there are three variables that determine the total amount allotted
for official expenses: (1) transportation costs, (2) telecommunications costs, and (3) cost of office space. The amount allotted for travel is computed as
follows:
64 multiplied by the rate per mile multiplied by the mileage between the District of Columbia and the farthest point in the member's district. The
minimum amount allotted for travel in 1987 was $6,200 per member.
The amount allotted for telecommunications is computed as follows: 15,000 times the highest long-distance rate per minute from the District of
Columbia to the member's district. The minimum amount allotted for telecommunications in 1987 was $6,000 per member. If the member has elected to
use WATS or a similar service in his office, the 15,000-minute multiplier will be reduced by one-half.
The amount allotted for office space costs is computed as follows: 2,500 square feet multiplied by the highest applicable rate per square foot charged by
the administrator of the General Services Administration to federal agencies in the district for rental of office space.
The official expenses allowance may not be used for:
1. expenses relating to the hiring and employment of individuals, including, but not limited to, employment service fees, transportation of
interviewees to and from employment interviews, and cost of relocation upon acceptance or termination of employment
2. items purchased from other than the House stationery store that have a useful life greater than current term of the member and that would have a
residual value of more than $25 upon the expiration of the current term of the member
3. holiday greeting cards, flowers, and trophies
4. personal advertisements (other than meeting or appearance notices)
5. donations of any type, except flags of the United States flown over the Capitol and items purchased for use as gifts when on official travel
6. dues other than to legislative support organizations as approved by the Committee on House Administration
7. educational expenses for courses of study or information or training programs unless the benefit accrues primarily to the House and the skill or
knowledge is not commonly available
8. purchases of radio and television time
9. parking for member and employees at district offices, except when included as an integral part of the lease or occupancy agreement for the district
office space.
Each member may allocate up to $40,000 from the clerk-hire allowance to supplement the official expenses allowance. A member also may allocate up to
$40,000 from the official expenses allowance to supplement the clerk-hire allowance, provided that monthly clerk-hire disbursements not exceed 10
percent of the total clerk-hire allowance.
Sources: For 1977 and 1979, Committee on House Administration, Studies Dealing with Budgetary, Staffing and Administrative Activities of the U.S. House of
Representatives, 1946-1978. For 1981, 1983, and 1985, U.S. House of Representatives, Congressional Handbook. For 1987, "Salaries and Allowances: The
Congress," Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., July 15, 1987, update. For 1989. Office of the Clerk of the House. For
1991, Committee on House Administration.
NewYork Times 10/23/91
Foreign Affairs
LESLIE H. GELB
Throw the Bums Out
Hey, senators and representatives,
means. It parallels almost exactly
you want to know what Americans
think of you? Not very much, if you
The Times/CBS
your 69% to 22% approval rating on
foreign affairs.
read the latest New York Times/CBS
Poll's message.
In every other category, you get
News Poll. What that poll suggests is
low marks. On your handling of the
that the people, their incalculable
economy, 33% approved and 57% dis-
lack of information and passivity not-
approved. That's less than half your
withstanding, are going to throw a lot
favorable ratio on foreign affairs.
of you - Republicans and Democrats
disapproved. Only twice in the last 15
And the poll respondents make
alike - back into the free-market
years has Congress been given a less
abundantly clear that the economic
economy where you will find slightly
flattering report card.
situation matters far more to them
unfamiliar standards for kiting
In my own informal poll taken this
than foreign policy. Asked to cite the
checks, paying restaurant bills and
month in Peoria, III., Manchester and
most important problem facing the
sexual harassment.
Concord, N.H., and New York City,
country, 23% said the economy, 16%
You, too, President Bush, may find
the results were 99 disapprove and 1
unemployment and 5% the deficit.
the survey unsettling. It could be that
approve. The one approval was a guy
Only 1% said foreign policy. That's
the voters might like to anoint you as
lurking in the subway waiting to mug
right, only 1%.
Secretary of State and choose some-
someone who said, "I greatly admire
What pervades the poll results is a
one else to be President.
and respect Senator Alan Simpson
frightening pessimism about the fu-
Americans are beginning to feel
from the great state of Wyoming."
ture. Asked in 1986 if things were
that their lives are going down the
And when the people in the Times/
better or worse than five years ago,
tubes - despite the U.S. still being the
CBS Poll speak of their deep disaffec-
44% felt better and 31% worse. Ques-
richest nation in the world, a global
tion with Congress, they mean all of
tioned again this month, only 19%
democratic role model and having
you. Sixty-eight percent favored lim-
said better, a drop of 25 percentage
won the cold war and the war against
iting the number of years you can
points, and 44% reckoned their lot
Iraq. While elections are an unpre-
serve in office.
had gotten worse, a jump of 13 points.
dictable year away, voters might be
One footnote: Before the Judge
You, Mr. President, and all you
looking for someone to blame, even
Thomas hearings began, those polled
members of Congress might just be
though they know you've been busy.
were asked, "Whom do you trust
facing a popular revolt in November
The good news from the poll is that
more to make the right decisions
1992. It's easy to fool most of the
44% of the people think all candidates
about who should sit on the U.S. Su-
people, distracted and bewildered as
for public office are corrupt (34% say
preme Court - the President or the
they are, most of the time. But after 5
honest), and 57% believe most candi-
U.S. Senate?" Fifty-five percent said
or 10 years, enough people actually
dates are interested in prestige and
the Senate and 31% said the Presi-
get the joke. In their unhappiness
power, not in helping the country. So,
dent. After the bumbled hearings,
they just might resort to the ultimate
you elected officials can hope that
55% still answered the Senate, and
in term limitation, namely the politi-
voters will think your opponent will
only 25% preferred Mr. Bush. So, Mr.
cal philosopher Jeremy Bentham's
be as bad as you and stick with the
President, it seems that some addi-
principle of "dislocability." Which in
devil they know.
tional Americans came to suspect
the current vernacular translates as
On the other hand, voters may con-
your motives more than Congress's.
"throw the bums out."
clude that you legislators are so bad
Those polled still approve of the
Maybe the latest Times/CBS Poll
that almost no one could be worse. Of
way you're doing your job, Mr. Presi-
shows that in Hollywood on the Poto-
those polled, 29% approved the way
dent, by a remarkable 67% to 24%.
mac, you residents are building your
Congress is handling its job and 57%
But you've got to analyze what that
own bonfire of political vanities.
The Senate Covers Itself
10/31/91
The New York Times
The Senate, having already distinguished itself
plaints, along with complaints under the new bill,
by forcing President Bush to accept its version of
may go also to an internal review board that has the
the 1991 civil rights bill, achieved even greater
power to award damages, and if necessary move on
distinction yesterday. It ended years of hypocrisy
to the Federal courts. Ultimately, any damage
by voting to apply to itself anti-bias laws similar to
award is to come out of the pocket of an offending
those it applies to others.
senator.
The old double standard had its uses. Congress
Some senators contend that under the Constitu-
might have been more reluctant to pass such land-
tion only the Senate can properly adjudicate the
mark laws as the 1964 Civil Rights Act if its own
rights of its employees. But mistreatment of em-
members had been covered to the same extent as
ployees is not immunized by separation of powers
the private sector.
principles or the Constitution's command that for
But time began to run out. Congress for too long
any speech or debate, legislators "shall not be
had insisted on treating itself differently. In last
questioned in any other place." Moreover, the Su-
year's Americans With Disabilities Act, for exam-
preme Court has taken a narrow view of such
ple, Congress provided that aggrieved Senate em-
claims of Congressional immunity.
ployees could take their complaints of discrimina-
Some senator may challenge the law. But it
tion by sex or race, age or disability to the Ethics
could be years before a final court ruling. After the
Committee.
House passes this bill and the President signs it,
Now the Senate is providing that these com-
senators will be best advised simply to obey it.
A Vote for Democracy
America's active participation in democracy is
tucky, could boost that figure tremendously - to an
dwindling. Barely half the eligible voters took part
estimated 90 percent - by requiring states to
in the 1988 Presidential election - the lowest rate in
enable qualified citizens to register when they apply
64 years. The turnout in non-Presidential years is
for a driver's license. States would also be required
smaller still.
to permit registration by mail and to make registra-
A bill that would help reverse this ominous
tion forms available at public agencies like welfare
trend is now threatened with a Senate filibuster.
and unemployment offices.
The bill won't even make it to the floor unless the
Action on the measure, similar to one passed by
favorable votes of 60 senators can be mustered
the House last year, was blocked by Senate Republi-
today to close off debate on a motion to proceed.
cans this summer by a single vote. But obstruction-
Senators who care about enlarging democracy will
ism needn't prevail if the lonely Republican sup-
vote yes.
porters pick up a few allies, like Arlen Specter of
Why is turnout so low? Uninspiring campaigns
Pennsylvania and Bob Packwood of Oregon.
are surely a factor. But the problem begins with
Opponents of the "motor-voter" measure exag-
simple arithmetic: Only 60 percent of eligible vot-
gerate its costs and the chance for increased voting
ers are registered. The "motor-voter" bill spon-
fraud. What cannot be exaggerated is the cost, to
sored by Senator Wendell Ford, Democrat of Ken-
democracy, of standing still.
Services of Mead Data Central, Inc.
PAGE 1
LEVEL 1 - - 1 OF 7 STORIES
Copyright 1991 Gannett Company, Inc.
GANNETT NEWS SERVICE
December 27, 1991, Friday
LENGTH: 2042 words
HEADLINE: 1991:WHEN PUBLIC MOOD TOOK ECONOMIC FREE-FALL
BYLINE: JOHN HANCHETTE; Gannett News Service
DATELINE: WASHINGTON
KEYWORD: 1991WRAP-ECONOMY: 1991WRAP-ECSIDE
... different this time around.
Perhaps it was because huge lay-offs became commonplace in 1991. A December
GNS poll showed three in four Americans know someone who lost a job in the
past SIX months. When General Motors announced it was closing 21 plants and
ending 74,000 jobs in the ...
LEVEL 1 - - 2 OF 7 STORIES
Copyright 1991 Gannett Company, Inc.
GANNETT NEWS SERVICE
December 21, 1991, Saturday
LENGTH: 1612 words
HEADLINE: Campaign '92:The Faces of America's Jobless // NO CHRISTMAS CHEER FOR
NATION'S UNEMPLOYED
BYLINE: Gannett News Service
KEYWORD: POLL-JOBLESS
... lines.
Nearly 8.5 million Americans are looking for work. Voters are nervous. A new
Gannett News Service poll shows 81 percent consider the economy in bad shape.
Three of four know someone who has lost a job in the last six months, and 54
percent are concerned they will lose their jobs in the next two years.
LEXIS'NEXIS'LEXIS'NEXIS
Services of Mead Data Central, Inc.
PAGE 2
GANNETT NEWS SERVICE, December 19, 1991
BODY:
As Christmas 1991 approaches, recession in America means unemployment lines
snaking longer than mall checkout lines.
Nearly 8.5 million Americans are looking for work. Voters are nervous. A new
Gannett News Service poll shows 81 percent consider the economy in bad shape.
Three of four know someone who has lost a job in the last six months, and 54
percent are concerned they will lose their jobs in the next two years.
In November 1988, two months before George Bush took office, the jobless rate
was 5.3 percent - 6,482,000 Americans out of work. Last month it was 6.8
percent, nearly 8.5 million. On Wednesday, auto giant General Motors announced
that over the next three years it will cut its work force by 74,000 and close 21
plants.
What is it like to be seeking work in a recession, to be trying to make ends
meet on an unemployment check? How does it feel to have little or nothing to
spend on the kids' Christmas presents?
GNS sent reporters to a half-dozen cities to talk to people out of work. Here
is a look at some of the faces of America's jobless.
LEXIS'NEXIS LEXIS'NEXIS
ATTACHMENT 7
Association
Factbook
asae
AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ASSOCIATION EXECUTIVES
The ASAE Building
1575 Eye Street, NW
Washington, DC 20005
asae
A Few Words
Quotable Notables
About Associations
"America's thousands of non-profit associa-
tions and societies must play a vital role
in helping the nation adapt to complex and
"A
mericans of all ages, all conditions,
changing times."
and all dispositions constantly form
-President George Bush
associations. They have not only com-
"It is because of our system's (government's)
mercial and manufacturing companies,
complexity that associations have such a
in which all take part, but associations of
potentially useful role to play, They can edu-
a thousand other kinds, religious, moral,
cate and inform. They can improve the quality
of decision making by their expertise. They
serious, futile, general or restricted, enor-
can be advocates for a position or an approach
mous or diminutive. The Americans make
to an issue. They can support candidates
associations to give entertainment, to
they believe will best serve the nation. They
found seminaries, to build inns, to con-
can encourage good citizenship by promot-
struct churches, to diffuse books, to send
ing voter registration and getting out the
vote."
missionaries to the antipodes; in this
-Ronald Reagan
manner they found hospitals, prisons, and
schools. If it is proposed to inculcate some
"Looking at the future, I think there is no
question that the role of trade and profes-
truth or to foster some feeling by the
sional associations will be enhanced. They
encouragement of a great example, they
will be more closely under the scrutiny of
form a society. Wherever at the head of
their members, they will be expected to deliver
some new undertaking you see the gov-
more, and their members will be more
ernment in France, or a man of rank in
involved."
England, in the United States you will be
-William G. Ouchi, author,
The M-Form Society
sure to find an association."
"A trade association is an organization for
mutual benefit, which substitutes knowledge
for ignorance, rumor, guess, and suspicion-
Alexis de Tocqueville
It tends to substitute research and reasoning
"Democracy in America"
for gambling and piracy, without closing
1835
the door to adventure or lessening the value
of prophetic wisdom."
-Justice Louis D. Brandeis
"The first reported case of an association
executive making a blunder occurred in the
Bible, when an association executive over-
booked the inn at a carpenter's convention
in Bethlehem. The rest is history."
-Art Buchwald, Newspaper Columnist
and Humorist
"There is no end which the human will
despairs of attaining through the combined
power of individuals united into a society."
-Alexis de Tocqueville
25
"An idea is a feat of association."
-Robert Frost
Association Trends
U.S.A.E.
(weekly newspaper)
(weekly newspaper)
4948 St. Elmo Ave.
4341 Montgomery Ave.
Bethesda, MD 20814
Bethesda, Md. 20814
If you want to visit an association trade
show, check one of the following sources:
Directory of Conventions (annual)
Exhibits Schedule: Annual Directory of
Trade and Industrial Shows, Successful
Meetings Magazine,
633 Third Ave., New York, NY 10017
Trade Show/Convention Guide (annual)
Budd Publications, Inc.,
A'
lot has changed since Alexis de
P.O. Box 7, New York, NY 10004
Tocqueville observed more than 150
World Convention Dates (monthly)
years ago that the United States is a nation
Hendrickson Publishing Co.,
of associations, but one thing hasn't-the
79 Washington St., Hempstead, NY 11550
tendency of Americans to band together
If you are searching for a particular asso-
for a common cause.
ciation or its location, consult one of these
directories:
Thousands of associations are formed
The Encyclopedia of Associations
every year. They call themselves by many
Gale Research Company,
names: institute, council, alliance, federa-
Book Tower,
tion, coalition, congress, foundation, club,
Detroit, MI 48266, (312) 961-2242
network, and center. By some counts there
Who's Who In Association Manage-
are upwards of half a million associations
ment/Allied Societies Directory
in this country.
(See ASAE address above)
National Trade & Professional Associa-
As the visibility of associations has
tions of the United States and Canada,
increased, so has the need for factual
Columbia Books, Inc.,
information on the association field.
777 14th St., N.W., Washington, DC 20005,
(202) 737-3777
To help fill that need, the ASAE Public
Relations Division has prepared this Fact
Book, with the assistance of ASAE's
Research and Information Department.
We hope you find this publication
informative and invite you to call on
ASAE whenever you require additional
information.
24
Fwm hey low
R. William Taylor, CAE
President, ASAE
Table of Contents
Future ASAE Convention Sites
Upcoming ASAE conventions are scheduled
for:
Spring
Annual
Management
Convention
Meeting
Conference
1989
Cincinnati, OH
Boston, MA
Dallas, TX
March 11-15
August 12-16
December 10-13
1990
ASSOCIATIONS:
3
Washington, DC
Chicago, IL
Washington, DC
March 3-7
July 28-
December 7-12
Who? What? Why?
August 1
6
1991
ASSOCIATIONS:
A Look At The Past
(checking)
Washington, DC
Chicago, IL
August 10-14
November 10-13
12 FUTURE CHALLENGES
9
1992
Washington, DC
Atlanta, GA
(checking)
ASSOCIATIONS:
11
March 7-11
August 29-
Facts and Figures
September 2
1993
ASSOCIATIONS:
16
(checking)
Minneapolis, MN
(checking)
A Job For You?
August 21-25
ASSOCIATIONS:
18
The Economic Effect
ALL ABOUT ASAE
19
For More Information
ASSOCIATIONS:
23
For More Information
A A of sources:
is
ASAE, directories, trade publications, etc.
Inquiries to ASAE (1575 Eye St., N.W., Wash-
ington, D.C. 20005; Phone: (202) 626 *ASAE)
should be directed to its Public Relations
Division.
If you want to follow association activities,
you may wish to subscribe to one or more of
the following publications:
Association Management
Meeting News
(ASAE monthly magazine)
(monthly)
1575 Eye St., N.W.
1515 Broadway
Washington, D.C.
New York, NY 10036
Successful Meetings
Meetings
23
Conventions
633 Third Ave.
(monthly)
New York, NY 10017
One Park Ave.
New York, NY 10016
Who? What? Why?
As the "association of associations," ASAE's
mission also includes communicating to non-
Anearity 23, 000 operate at the national
Currently,
association audiences information about the
role association executives play in today's
level and nearly one hundred thousand more
fast-paced world. Toward that end, ASAE's
at the regional, state, and local levels.
Public Relations Division works to provide the
There are big associations (the American
news media and its other publics with timely
Association of Retired Persons has 27 million
information on the mission of associations.
members) and small ones (the International
Futuristic research involving the associa-
Fancy Guppy Association has only 29).
tion management profession is the mission of
In fact, it would be hard to find an individ-
the ASAE Foundation. The Foundation's long-
ual who is not involved with-or affected by
term research projects help members better
-associations. Associations are virtually
understand and prepare for trends affecting
omnipresent in today's society, yet few people
the future of association management.
really understand just how pervasive the net-
ASAE is an educator, a motivator, and a
work is.
communicator. More than that however, it's
Mention the word association and most
the professional home for association execu-
people identify it with activities such as
tives striving to improve themselves and the
lobbying. While many associations can and do
organizations they represent.
lobby, they are more closely involved in the
daily lives of Americans than most people
ASAE Executive Staff
realize.
For example, if you belong to a fraternity
R. William Taylor, CAE, President
or sorority, the National Geographic Society,
Jon P. Grove, CAE, Executive Vice President
AAA the car club, a PTA, or a professional
G. Harris Jordan, Director, Government
society, then you are an association member.
Affairs
Anyone who goes to a doctor, consults a law-
Thomas A. Gorski, Director, Public
yer, buys a car, rides a bus, flies an airplane,
Relations and Market Research
or goes to school benefits from associations.
Peggy Dowd, Executive Assistant and Board
One of the primary strengths of the Ameri-
Liaison, Office of the President
can people lies in their ability to join together
LaRue Frye, CMP, Director, Conventions
in associations to achieve what no one person
and Expositions
could achieve alone. Associations have flour-
Malcolm Karl, CAE, Director of Finance
ished in this country because the principles.
Robert MacDicken, CAE, Director of Human
that make them possible-freedom to meet,
Resources & Executive Employment
freedom to speak, and freedom to organize-
Elissa M. Myers, CAE, Publisher,
are rooted in the founding traditions of
ASSOCIATION MANAGEMENT
America.
Susan Sarfati, CAE, Director, Education
Services
Information is Driving Force
Debra Sher, Director, Member Services
T
he driving force behind every association
is information. An association, by its very
nature, exists to facilitate the exchange of
information. That information may take
many forms (magazines, newsletters, bro-
chures, reports, television programs, adver-
22
tising) and may be directed at a variety of
3
audiences (members, consumers, legislators,
regulators).
It's easy to understand why, as we move
further into the information age, associations
Information and Education
will increasingly be viewed as information
brokers.
Regardless of size or geographic location,
Whe mostregulariy periodicals may be among
visible elements of the
associations can be divided into two
organization, the strength behind them comes
broad categories: trade associations and
from numerous information and educational
professional societies.
resources:
Certified Association Executive (CAE) Pro-
Trade Associations
gram-Awarded to executives who pass a
comprehensive written examination and
T
rade associations are not-for-profit organi-
document their leadership activities in the
zations that represent a group of business
association profession and in the com-
firms. Businesses join their associations vol-
munity. This 28-year-old program now
untarily and manage them cooperatively. The
boasts 1,600 CAEs.
companies work together to accomplish goals
Information Central (IC)-The nation's lead-
that no single firm could reach by itself.
ing information clearinghouse on all sub-
Activities include promoting business for the
jects pertaining to association management.
industry; encouraging ethical practices in the
Education-ASAE annually conducts close
industry; setting of industry standards; coop-
to 100 seminars and workshops.
erating with other organizations; and holding
Conventions, Meetings, & Expositions-
conventions.
The two major events in the association
Some examples include the American Inter-
management field are the ASAE Annual
national Automobile Dealers, the National
Meeting & Exposition and the ASAE Spring
Restaurant Association, the National Associa-
Convention & Exposition. Each usually
tion of Manufacturers, the National Stock
attracts more than 3,000 people.
Exchange, and the Zinc Institute.
Management Conference-This unique edu-
cational event brings members of the asso-
Professional Societies
ciation management community together to
solve common problems by sharing experi-
also not-for-profit
ences, information, and workable solutions.
organizations,
Educational sessions are based on actual
represent individuals with a common back-
problems and solutions encountered by
ground in a subject or a profession such as
ASAE members.
law, medicine, and accounting.
There are three types of professional soci-
ASAE's Government Affairs staff takes an
eties. Associations such as the American
active role in representing the association
Philatelic Society or American Association of
field before federal agencies, Congress, and
Retired Persons promote common personal
state governments. It also helps members
interests and objectives.
interpret proposed or enacted laws or regula-
A second category of organizations includes
tions that affect the interests of associations
scientific, engineering and learned societies
and their members.
that strive to advance the bodies of knowl-
edge of their field. The American Chemical
Awards
Society, the Society of Automotive Engineers,
and the National Association of Accountants
O
utstanding performance by association
supply information in their respective fields
executives is recognized by ASAE through
to enable their members to keep abreast of
a variety of awards, including the Key Award
their advances.
(for chief staff executives), the ASAE Fellows
4
A third type is dedicated to religious, chari-
Program, the Gold Circle Awards Program for
21
table, public service, or fraternal causes,
excellence in communication, the Awards of
such as the National Council on Aging, Ameri-
Excellence for creativity in educational pro-
can Lung Association, and the Delta Upsilon
gramming, and many others.
Fraternity.
Membership
Professional societies provide advanced
T
here are several categories of membership
educational opportunities for their members,
in ASAE, including:
latest information on technological advances
Regular Membership-Open to all full-time
or legislative actions affecting the profession
executives who manage nonprofit voluntary
and often offer a certification process.
membership organizations.
Whether trade or professional in orienta-
Associate Membership-Open to anyone
tion, associations exist to satisfy the needs
who markets to ASAE members, members
and concerns of their members. Given the
of learned professions, and others who are
tremendous growth of this field in recent
not full-time association executives.
decades, they're obviously doing their job
Section Membership-Available to regular
quite well.
and associate members and their staffs who
are interested in communication, finance,
membership, convention management,
education, government relations, and inter-
national affairs.
*Source: ASAE Membership Department
Associations at Work
Allied Societies
In times of need
W
hile ASAE represents associations from
from all over the country, the ASAE
Wtown of Saragosa, Texas, many families
an earthquake struck the small
Allied Societies represent associations in indi-
lost their homes and automobiles. The Texas
vidual states. For instance, the Texas Society
Automobile Dealers Association responded
of Association Executives is made up of asso-
and contacted all of the used car dealers in
ciation executives located in Texas; the Ohio
the state to donate vehicles. In all, 60 families
Society is made up of association executives
received a vehicle just twelve days after the
in Ohio. Occasionally, an allied society will be
tornado.
from a city such as the Chicago Society, or the
Homeless people are often not aware of
Oklahoma City Society. Allied Societies give
their legal rights as citizens. The Kansas City
the executives from various states the oppor-
Metropolitan Bar Association provides the
tunity to meet and learn from others in their
homeless with free legal advice and assesses
area. These societies operate independently
their eligibility for benefits and services by
of ASAE, but share common interests.
making regular volunteer visits to shelters.
Both of these programs have been recog-
Periodicals
nized by President Reagan in the President's
Citation Program for Private Sector Initiatives.
I
n pursuing its mandate to educate and
train association executives, ASAE pro-
duces a variety of periodicals:
Association Management-Published
monthly, this award-winning magazine is
the most popular and highly read publica-
tion in the association field.
Leadership-Published in January for vol-
unteer leaders of associations.
20
Who's Who in Association Management
5
-ASAE's annual membership directory.
Monthly newsletters-for members of
ASAE's individual membership sections.
A Look at the Past
Most Popular Convention Cities
"Every man owes a part of his time and
T
he nation's top convention cities* (in
alphabetical order) are:
money to the business or industry in which
Anaheim
Houston
New Orleans
he is engaged. No man has the moral right
Atlanta
Las Vegas
New York
to withhold his support from an organiza-
Chicago
Los Angeles
Washington, D.C.
tion that is striving to improve conditions
Dallas
within his sphere."
-Theodore Roosevelt
*Source: Tradeshow 200 1989, a division of
Tradeshow Week, Los Angeles.
T
he first associations can be traced to
ancient cultures in Rome and the Orient,
where trade groups were formed to benefit
their members. The Bible indicates that,
All About ASAE
more than 3,000 years ago, trade considera-
tions often bound people together.
The formation of associations as we know
them began during the Middle Ages when
ASAE is many things to many people. It's
source of inspiration, information, edu-
laborers formed craft and merchant guilds to
cation, and motivation to name a few. First
ensure proper wages and maintain strict
and foremost, however, it is an association-
work standards. The tightly knit structure
considered by many to be the "association of
protected the guild members and their families.
associations."
With the advent of the Industrial Revolu-
As the official organization of the men and
tion, the medieval guilds slowly began to
women who manage professional and trade
decline in Europe. In the United States, how-
associations, its 18,000 + members represent
ever, the era of associations was just emerg-
more than 8,000 national and state associa-
ing. During the mid-18th century, Rhode
tions serving more than 215 million people
Island candle makers organized themselves as
and companies.*
"Spermaceti Candlers." In 1743, Benjamin
The primary responsibilities of ASAE are to:
Franklin formed in Philadelphia what is today
Enhance the professionalism of association
called the American Philosophical Society.
executives; and
A group of 20 merchants in 1768 formed the
Improve the performance of the organiza-
New York Chamber of Commerce, the oldest
tions which employ ASAE's members.
trade association still in existence in the
In fulfilling this mission, ASAE often serves
United States. Because this nation faced seri-
in a "test tube" capacity, trying out new edu-
ous economic and social hardships following
cation programs, convention formats, and
the Revolutionary War, national organizations
managerial techniques that members may, or
developed more slowly than local ones.
may not, want to emulate. With a staff of
110, directed by ASAE President R. William
Specialization Spurred Growth
Taylor, CAE, and an annual budget of nearly
$14 million, it offers hundreds of products,
T
he Civil War and America's subsequent
services, publications, and programs, all aimed
industrialization led to the emergence of
at encouraging the professional growth and
trade associations and local chambers of com-
development of association executives.
merce. The rapid formation of trade associa-
Indicative of its stature in the association
tions and special societies reflected the growing
field, ASAE administered the President's Cita-
specialization of industry and the urbaniza-
tion Program for Private Sector Initiatives
6 tion of America. Membership drastically
during the Reagan years. The program was
19
increased in response to the need for profes-
developed by the White House in 1984 to
sional, educational, and recreational outlets.
encourage growth in voluntary service pro-
Some of the associations established during
grams on the part of business, trade associa-
tions, and professional societies and to recog-
nize outstanding contributions through the
awarding of Presidential "C-Flags."
The Economic Effect
this period are still in existence today:
American Statistical Association (1839)
T
he association industry is significant in
American Psychiatric Association (1844)
many respects-total employees, payroll,
American Medical Association (1847)
and membership-but in one area it is the undis-
American Pharmaceutical Association
puted leader. It's the big spender when it
(1852)
comes to conventions and meetings.
American Iron and Steel Institute (1855)
In 1987, the association industry spent $22
National Education Association (1857)
billion to hold 194,400 meetings and conven-
American Dental Association (1859)
tions and attracted 27.6 million attendees.¹
American Insurance Association (1866)
By anybody's economic yardstick, that's big
American Bankers Association (1878)
business.
National Association of Life Underwriters
It's no wonder the statistics are so impres-
(1890)
sive. An estimated 95 percent of all state and
National Association of Manufacturers
national associations hold annual conventions.
(1895)
Association convention attendance averages
1,052 participants who stay 4 days in the host
By 1900, there were 100 national associa-
city, and each spend $518.2
tions in the United States. With World War I
Given the size of the association meeting
approaching, many associations expanded,
business, many cities compete vigorously for
while others were formed to meet the tre-
the attention of convention planners. In the
mendous industrial demands. By the end of
case of ASAE's two annual conventions, com-
the war, the United States could boast nearly
petition is especially keen because attendees
1,000 national associations.
represent so many other associations. Each
Because of government regulations, the
ASAE convention contributes an estimated
decades that followed this growth period were
$3 million to the economy of the host city
difficult for associations. During the Great
where 20 percent of the delegates will eventu-
Depression, many associations were forced to
ally schedule a meeting of their own.
cut their budgets drastically. Associations
Hotels, airlines, car rental agencies, speakers
enjoyed a brief resurgence after the passage
bureaus, cruise ships, and many other com-
of the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)
panies actively court the association meeting
in 1933, as many worked with the U.S. govern-
planner.
ment to set up "Codes of Fair Competition"
The effect of associations also is felt on
to help industry regulate itself. However,
the employment market, particularly in the
many of the 800 associations that were formed
three metropolitan areas where national asso-
under this act soon disappeared after the
ciation headquarters are concentrated.
Supreme Court ruled the NIRA unconstitutional.
The Washington, D.C. area is home to 2,200
national associations, more than any other
Joint Effort
city in the U.S. That represents a workforce
of 35,200. In fact, associations are the third
Wassociations helped resuscitate existing
largest industry in Washington, D.C., after
and create many new ones.
the government and the tourism industry.³
The war allowed the government, trade asso-
New York City is second with 740 associa-
ciations, and other societies to work together
tions and 11,840 workers, followed by Chicago
once again. The government relied on the
with 323 associations and 5,168 employees.⁴
technical expertise of many industry special-
ists to help meet wartime demands. The
1. Meetings and Conventions Magazine survey,
Korean War, a decade later, contributed to
1987.
the increased importance of associations to
18 2. 1988 IACVB Convention Income Survey.
our nation's economy and education.
7
3. Greater Board of Trade Inaugural Report on
Over the years, the specific purposes of
Washington.
associations have changed to reflect society's
growing needs. When an association is no
4. National Trade and Professional Associations,
1988.
longer able to serve those needs, it either
revamps its objectives, merges with another
organization, becomes inactive, or formally
dissolves. For example, the Adult Education
Association of the United States of America
More than 1,600 association executives
and the National Association for Public Con-
have earned the Certified Association Execu-
tinuing and Adult Education merged to become
tive (CAE) designation, in addition to advanced
the American Association for Adult and Con-
academic degrees. Most have experience in
tinuing Education because they shared com-
some area of public relations, law, administra-
mon objectives. Associations such as the
tion, or finance. Several colleges and univer-
Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters and the
sities including George Washington University
Wool Hat Manufacturers Association became
in Washington, D.C., and De Paul University
defunct as a result of changing lifestyles.
in Chicago, now offer master's degree pro-
An association may vanish when its objec-
grams in association management.
tives have been met. Others dissolve because
ASAE's 1988 Association Compensation
of competition or internal and external strife.
Survey shows that the average salary for the
By nature, associations serve the needs of
chief staff executive is $75,900. Most top
society, and as these needs change, associa-
executives with medium-sized associations
tions change with them.
have annual salaries comparable to corporate
salary levels.
Associations offer diversity, security, pro-
fessional-growth, and salaries competitive
Associations at Work
with private industry. They represent all fields
of interest throughout the country. If you
enjoy working with people, are well organized,
Against Drugs
and have specific interests and professional
experience, employment with associations is
M
any associations provide programs to
worth investigating.
help their local communities in the fight
against drugs. Four-hundred local boy scout
councils, part of the Boy Scouts of America,
presented their "Drugs: A Deadly Game"
program to more than four million non-mem-
bers nationwide. The program included a
booklet for youth, guidelines for antidrug
Associations at Work
rallies and education programs, public-service
advertising, billboards displayed in thirty-
The AIDS Crisis
eight states, and print advertisements.
The American Association of Advertising
Associations of all sorts have been reacting
Agencies developed "Media-Advertising
crisis in different ways. The
Partnership for a Drug-Free America," a
American Correctional Association has pro-
3-year media-advertising program aimed at
duced numerous materials for the corrections
changing social attitudes to curb public demand
field. A video tape containing background
for drugs. Local advertising agencies nation-
information on AIDS, teaching suggestions,
wide produced advertising at their own cost
and a lesson plan is made available to members.
and distributed them to broadcast and print
Responding to the misconception that people
media.
could get AIDS from donating blood, the
Both of these programs have been recog-
American Association of Blood Banks created
nized by President Reagan in the President's
press kits and brochures to counter such
Citation Program for Private Sector Initiatives,
myths.
8
And, the National School Boards Associa-
17
tion published "AIDS and the Public Schools,".
an in-depth look at the disease that was writ-
ten specifically for educators.
A Job For You?
12 Future Challenges
A
S associations continue to grow, SO too will
ASAE President R. William Taylor, CAE,
the opportunities for employment with
offers a snapshot view of the future for
them. In 1956, there were about 5,000 national
associations:
associations. Today, there are nearly 23,000.
ASAE recently estimated that there are just
over one million association employees through-
1. Many associations are viewed by policy-
out the nation.
makers as exhibiting too much self-
Though associations may vary in member-
interest (i.e. self-protection) and too little
ship size, budget, staff, salary, and specific
involvement in improving general societal
purpose, each maintains a staff structured to
conditions by operating on a broader, less
perform particular tasks. Salaries largely
provincial basis.
reflect the size and budget of each associa-
tion. The most recent research indicates that
2. Government at all levels, will increase its
the median staff size for a national associa-
scrutiny, expand reporting requirements,
tion is 16, and the average association budget
seek to tax additional activities of tax
is $2.9 million.* Unlike other industries, asso-
exempt organizations.
ciations provide tremendous advancement
potential for their staff through wide exposure
3. Economic difficulties, throughout the
to various functions and members.
economy and within particular industries
Half of the positions with associations are
will force many associations to re-evaluate
executive level, while others range from
their programs, sources of revenue,
clerical and support to upper- and mid-level
structures and even their independence.
management. Because smaller associations
have fewer people to perform the requisite
4. Mergers and consolidations in many
tasks, they constantly need generalists-
industries will impact the membership of
people who can take on a variety of tasks,
many trade associations.
such as membership and fund-raising and
publishing activities. Depending on the
5. Internationalism and global interdepend-
organization, directors will often wear
ency will have an increasingly important
several hats. The larger associations tend to
impact on the U.S. economy and, as a
form entire departments around major func-
result, also affect associations and societies.
tions like financial services, education, gov-
ernment relations, and membership services.
6. Increasing innovations in technology and
communication systems will continue to
"People Oriented" Work
have a profound impact on association
and society roles, services, programs, and
to be "people
activities.
seeking a career with
associations should have good oral, written,
and interpersonal skills, in addition to work
experience. Although many entry-level posi-.
tions are available in conference planning,
public relations, and member services, higher
level association jobs increasingly require a
strong degree of professionalism. Positions in
financial services and legislative and govern-
16 ment affairs require more specific background
9
and training.
*Source: ASAE Association Operating Ratio
Report 1989
Top 15 National Associations By
Membership Size*
American Automobile Assn.
29,000,000
Amer. Assn. of Retired Persons
27,000,000
YMCA of the USA
13,413,767
Nat'l. Geographic Society
11,000,000
7. A decrease in the availability of qualified
National PTA
5,842,974
volunteers will continue to affect associa-
National Wildlife Federation
5,100,000
tions and, as a result, staff will increas-
4H Program
4,979,864
ingly be called upon to fulfill traditional
Boy Scouts of America
4,754,479
volunteer roles.
American Bowling Congress
3,400,000
National Rifle Association
3,000,000
8. Member expectations for association
American Legion
2,800,000
benefits are increasing-particularly in
Little League Baseball
2,500,000
level and quality of service.
American Cancer Society
2,500,000
American Heart Association
2,400,000
9. The continued growth of federal regula-
Girl Scouts of the USA
2,264,983
tion will require closer cooperation, includ-
ing coalitional strategies, between national
*Excerpted from the 1989 Encyclopedia of Asso-
associations and state associations.
ciations, published by Gale Research Company,
Detroit, MI.
10. Association members will increasingly
involve themselves in self-regulation and
will look to their associations for ethical
Largest Nationl
guidelines.
Association Conventions
11. Association employment will continue to
The 10 largest* national association
grow and women and minorities will attain
conventions, in terms of attendees, are:
greater prominence.
ASSOCIATION
ATTENDEES
12. Recognition of association management as
Construction Industry
a profession will: (a) increase employment
Manufacturers Assn.
115,950
benefits and salaries to near comparable
Society of the Plastics Industry
70,540
levels in the private sector and (b) will
American Hardware
result in continued staff specialization.
Manufacturers Assn.
70,000
National Cosmetology Association
70,000
National Restaurant Association
69,282
Society of Manufacturing
Engineers
36,913
American Furniture
Manufacturers Assn
34,000
National Assn. of Printers &
Lithographers
32,674
National Marine Manufacturers
Association
30,000
National Assn. of Broadcasters
29,690
10
*Held in conjunction with a trade show
15
Source: Tradeshow 200, 1989 a division of
Tradeshow Week, Los Angeles.
Profile of Average Association
Facts and Figures
Agatistical profile of national associations,
from a variety of sources,*
T
here are an estimated 100,000 associations
at the local, state, and national levels.
shows that on the average:
Approximately 23,000 of these are national
About 33% own their own headquarters
in scope. The statistics, charts, and graphs on
building.
the following pages are, except where noted,
74% have their own computers and 70%
based on national associations-trade asso-
their own telephone systems.
ciations, professional societies (individual
39% have a full-time lobbyist; 38% have
membership organizations), and federations
political action committees.
(associations representing other associations
Average annual membership turnover is
in the same field).
between 10% and 24%.
The average amount of money in liquid
Types of Tax-Exempt Organizations
reserves is 42% of operating budget.
77% call the top staff officer President.
There are nearly 960,000 tax-exempt organiza-
95% of national associations hold annual
tions in the U.S., mostly associations.
conventions.
80% of associations hold one trade show
6%
7.5%
annually.
501(c)(6)
501(c)(5)
73% of all associations hold educational
(61,275)
(73,200)
seminars as events separate from their
annual convention.
*Source: 1987 ASAE Policies and Procedures
14.3%
Study and 1988 ASAE Meeting Trends Study
501(c)(4)
(138,430)
49.4%
Top 14 National Associations By Staff
501(c)(3)
Size*
(447,525)
25.5%
Other
(246,225)
Salvation Army
26,784
YMCA of the USA
21,207
American Red Cross
20,201
Boy Scouts of America
3,850
National Geographic Society
2,400
The Internal Revenue Service grants tax-exempt
National Urban League
2,000
status to nonprofit organizations operated exclu-
sively for specific purposes:
American Chemical Society
1,700
501(c)(3): Includes religious, charitable, scientific,
Nat'l. Assn. of Securities Dealers
1,600
testing for public safety, literacy, edu-
American Bureau of Shipping
1,400
cational, fostering national or inter-
Chamber of Commerce of the U.S.
1,400
national sports competition, and the
Amer. Assn. of Retired Persons
1,200
prevention of cruelty to children or
animals purposes.
American Medical Association
1,100
501(c)(4): Includes civic or social welfare organi-
Muscular Dystrophy Association
1,000
zations and local associations of
American Hospital Association
922
employees.
501(c)(5): Includes labor, agriculture, and horti-
*Excerpted from the 1989 Encyclopedia of Asso-
cultural purposes.
14
501(c)(6): Includes business leagues, chambers
11
ciations, published by Gale Research Company,
Detroit, MI.
of commerce, real estate boards, and
boards of trade.
Source: Internal Revenue Service Commissioner's
Annual Report, 1988, Table 20.
Trends in National Association Growth*
Where National Assns. Are
Headquartered*
The number of national associations has
quadrupled in less than 25 years.
The Washington, D.C. area is home to more
23,000
national associations than any other city, with
New York and Chicago placing second and
Thousands of Associations
1,5000
third, respectively.
1,0000
5000
0
1955
1960
1965
0261
1975
1980
1986
1989
5000
Year
Number of Associations
4000
*Excerpted from ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ASSOCIA-
TIONS DATABASE. Copyright © 1989. Gale
3000
Research Company. All rights reserved. Reprinted
by permission.
2000
National Assn. Income Growth Trends
1000
The average national association's income has
doubled in about the last 10 years.
0
Washington
New York
Chicago
2000
Area
740
323
2,200
1500
1000
Areas of Concentration
Thousands of Dollars
500
*Excerpted from National Trade and Profes-
0
sional Associations, 1988. Figures represent
national associations with at least one paid
1967
1972
1976
1980
1985
1989
staff member and a budget over $25,000. Many
more exist with no paid staff and smaller
Year
budgets.
Source: ASAE Association Operating Ratio
Report, 1989
National Association Activities
Percentage Involved in Activity
100%
75%
50%
25%
12
0%
Full-Time
Have
Periodically
Annual
Use
Offer Group
Lobbyist
PAC
Produced
Convention
Computers
Insurance
Publication
To Members
Type of Activity
Source: 1987 ASAE Policies and Procedures Study.