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Bush/Quayle Fundraiser--Chicago, IL 3/16/92 [OA 7570] [2]
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Bush/Quayle Fundraiser--Chicago, IL 3/16/92 [OA 7570] [2]
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Records of the White House Office of Speechwriting (George H. W. Bush Administration)
Speech Backup Chronological Files
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This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
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Record Group/Collection:
George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
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Speechwriting, White House Office of
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Speech File Backup Files
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Chron File, 1989-1993
OA/ID Number:
13803
Folder ID Number:
13803-012
Folder Title:
Bush/Quayle Fundraiser--Chicago, IL 3/16/92 [OA 7570] [2]
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26
22
3
7
CHAPTER FOUR
CHICAGO
OPPOSITE: Chicago's Lake Shore Drive and Lincoln Park are legacies of Daniel H.
Burnham's masterful 1909 city plan, which set aside large tracts of the Lake Michigan
shoreline for parks.
218
CHICAGO
CHICAGO
219
C
hicago takes its name from checagou, the Indian word for
the wild onions that once grew in marshlands here along the
Lake Michigan shore. With a population of about 3 million,
it is the third-largest city in the nation, but that statistic fails to
convey a sense of Chicago's importance as a transportation and
commercial hub or the richness of its urban fabric. Chicago occu-
pies a strategic location at the mouth of the Chicago River, at the
southern end of Lake Michigan, in the agricultural heartland of
the nation. In the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the
growing town was a vital station on a major interior waterway: The
Chicago River was a short portage from the Des Plaines River,
which in turn joined with the Illinois and Mississippi rivers and
ultimately the Gulf of Mexico. The city's history and development
are closely linked to the evolution and proliferation of ever more
sophisticated modes of transportation-canals, railroads, high-
ways, and air traffic. As these systems supplanted the original fur-
trade route, Chicago's reason for being became, and remains, un-
equivocal: It is a city positioned and designed to manufacture and
trade goods and move those goods to all corners of the world.
The earliest known view of Chicago, from 1820, shows Fort Dearborn facing the house of the
Explorers Louis Jolliet and Father Jacques Marquette were the
early settler John Kinzie across the Chicago River.
first recorded Europeans to pause on the Chicago lakeshore. En
route to Green Bay in the late summer of 1673, they entered Lake
The du Sable holdings were bought in 1803 by John Kinzie, a
Michigan from the Des Plaines and Chicago rivers on the last leg of
trader and silversmith who, with his wife, Eleanor McKillip Kinzie,
their exploration of the Mississippi River. The following year Fa-
and four children, figures prominently in the early history of
ther Marquette embarked on an expedition to establish missions
Chicago and the Northwest Territory. His son John H. Kinzie
among the Illinois and Kaskaskia Indians when a severe bout of
served as the Indian agent at Portage, Wisconsin. The Kinzies, who
paratyphoid forced him to encamp during the winter of 1674-
survived the Fort Dearborn massacre, occupied the du Sable com-
1675 at a site near where the Damen Avenue Bridge now crosses
pound off and on until 1827. After the elder Kinzie died in 1828,
the South Branch of the Chicago River. He departed in early
the house was used for various purposes before being demolished
spring, but in May 1675 the peregrinating Jesuit, not fully recov-
sometime in the 1830s. During that same time the Kinzie heirs
ered, died at the age of 38 near present-day Ludington, Michigan.
entered the lucrative business of real estate by subdividing the
In the 1700s many tribes, including the Sauk, Mesquakie, and
family homestead and selling off lots. The site where the house
Potawatomi, lived in the vicinity of present-day Chicago. However,
once stood now lies under Pioneer Court, the main plaza of the
a hundred years passed after Marquette's visit before a non-Indian
Equitable Building, at 401 North Michigan Avenue.
arrived to stay. Chicago's first trader and settler was Jean Baptiste
In order to protect important trade routes from the British
Pointe du Sable, a Haitian of African and French descent who in
and their Indian allies and to strengthen the American presence on
the early 1770s established a thriving trading network along the
the frontier, the federal government built a series of forts in the
southern tip of Lake Michigan and the Illinois River. In 1779 he
early nineteenth century. These included Fort Dearborn, which
built a cabin for his Indian wife and two children on the north bank
overlooked the Chicago River at the present-day corner of East
of the Chicago River. It was the first permanent structure in Chica-
Wacker Drive and North Michigan Avenue. Completed in 1804,
go. When du Sable sold this property in 1800 it included a gristmill,
the small wilderness fort was the nucleus around which the town
bakehouse, large cattle barn, and several other outbuildings.
began, haltingly, to grow.
Lincoln Park
EDENS
NORTH AVE.
CHICAGO
Chicago Historical Society
North
LAKESHORE
294
94
DIVISION ST.
Evanston
LAKE
0
Branch
Newber Library
Mi.
Des Plaines
O
EXPY.
NORTHWEST
AVE.
North
Skokie
Chicago
LA SALLE ST.
Washington Square
Water
Tower
90
MICHIGAN
R.
Navy Pier
DR.
JOHN F.
CHICAGO
O'HARE
RENNEDY
Chicago
WASHINGTON ST.
INTL AIRPORT
Graceland Cemetery
OWACKER
THE
Sears Tower
LOOP
Ar Institute of Chicago
DWIGHT D.
IRVING
PARK
RD.
EISENHOWER EXPY
Chicago Board of Trade
Lincoln
DIVERSEY
Park
Hull
PKWY.
House
Chicago
Grant Park
Frank Lloyd Wright
FULLERTON
PKWY.
Firel
Home and Studio
Academy
NORTH
Field Museum of Natural History
AVE.
ROOSEVELT
RD.
Elmhurst River Forest
o Oak Park
290
DWIGHT
D.
EISENHOW ER EXPY.
The Loop
CERMAK
LAKE
Branch Chicago
R.
LAKE
LAKE
ROOSEVELT
RD.
CERMAK
RD.
RD.
5
Cicero
CHICAGO
South
Riverside
TRI- STATE TOLLWAY
STEVENSON EXPY:
DRIVE SHORE
STEVENSON
EXPY.
EXPY.
ADLAI E
MICHIGAN
Plaines
ADLAI E
AVE.
CHICAGO-
MIDWAY
AIRPORT
WESTERN AVE.
ASHLAND AVE.
Jackson
ST.
EXPY.
ST.
AVE.
SHORE
Burnham
Day
Canal
Park
35TH
ST.
CICERO AVE.
Douglas Tomb State Memorial
Chicago 55 Sanitary and or Ship
HARLEM
HALSTED ST.
RYAN
CHICAGO
AVE.
PERSHING
RD.
95TH ST.
Park
or
Oak
Lawn
RYAN
MICHIGAN
AVE.
DRIVE
IIITH ST.
AP
&
Calumet
W.
&
47TH
ST.
DAN
CALUMET
Kenwood Park
HALSTED
HH
as
OS
Little
90
STATE
HYDE PARK
294
DAN
BLVD.
CHICAGO
57
AND
Calume
GARFIELD
BLVD.
Washington
GROVE
DuSable
Museum
ENVIRONS
Hammond
University
Museum of Science
EXPY.
Park
of Chicago
and Industry
0
5 Mi.
80
PRAIRIE
Midway
Jackson
Plaisance
80
94
ILLINOIS
INDIANA
COTTAGE
Park
Park
222
CHICAGO
CHICAGO
223
The Fort Dearborn massacre, one of several blows leveled
immigrants from that region, primarily engineers, technicians, and
against America by the British and their Indian allies during the
other skilled professionals. Just as they had in Cincinnati, Indiana-
early stages of the War of 1812, was a tragic setback. On August 15,
polis, Milwaukee, and many other smaller towns in the Great Lakes
1812, obeying a command to abandon the fort, a group of about a
states, German immigrants left their stamp on Chicago; one of
hundred people, including fort commander Captain Nathan
their legacies was helping to develop the labor movement. By
Heald, the garrison troops, Chicago militia, women, children, and
World War I people of German descent represented 17 percent of
a band of friendly Indians, evacuated the fort. Leading them was
Chicago's population, the city's largest ethnic group.
William Wells, who had been kidnapped and raised by the Miami
Between 1880 and 1920 a steady influx of immigrants from
Indians and later served as a scout under William Henry Harrison
southern and eastern Europe joined the Chicago work force. Pri-
during the Ohio Indian Wars. Wells attempted to secure safe
marily from Poland, Italy, Bohemia, Lithuania, Greece, Serbia,
passage from the pro-British Indians; however, south of the fort,
Hungary, and Russia, these immigrants were typically consigned to
around present-day 18th Street and Calumet Avenue, the Indians
low-paying jobs, substandard housing in crowded neighborhoods,
attacked, killing about half of the group, including Wells, and
marginal sanitation, and poor food. Upton Sinclair addressed their
burning down the fort.
plight in his 1906 novel about the Chicago stockyards, The Jungle,
After the massacre the village was quiescent, and for about a
while Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr founded Hull House to
decade after Fort Dearborn reopened in 1816 Chicago was little
administer to the immigrants' needs and lobby for reform legisla-
more than a squatters' town. In 1830, however, it was chosen as the
tion. World War I marked the beginning of the northward migra-
terminal for a canal connecting the Great Lakes with the Mississip-
tion of blacks from the rural South, attracted to Chicago and other
pi River and the Gulf of Mexico; this date marks a major turning
large industrial cities by the relatively high wartime wages. By 1980
point in the city's development. Chicago boomed. In 1833, when
blacks constituted 40 percent of Chicago's population.
the federal government completed a harbor and the town was
Much of the Great Lakes area suffered a severe drought in the
incorporated, its population was about 350. In 1848, when the
summer and fall of 1871, and fires swept through the tinder-dry
Illinois and Michigan Canal was finished, Chicago's population had
forests of the North Woods; the worst, the Peshtigo Fire, destroyed
grown to 20,000.
acres of timber around Green Bay. On the evening of October 8,
In 1853 the first railroad, the Galena and Chicago Union,
1871, the Great Chicago Fire broke out at DeKoven and Jefferson
connected the bustling lakeshore port with the rich lead-mining
streets on the city's Southwest Side, supposedly begun by a COW
city of Galena in northwestern Illinois. That railroad was followed
kicking over a lantern in the O'Leary barn. The boomtown went up
by a succession of others, so that by the Civil War Chicago had
in flames. With a population of 334,000, the city was wildly over-
replaced Saint Louis as the transportation hub of the West. The
built with flammable frame structures, and its fire department was
railroad network helped make Chicago the center of trade for
woefully understaffed for the crisis at hand. A northeasterly wind
agricultural commodities. With Cincinnati uncomfortably close to
stoked the fire, which fanned northward along the lakeshore and
Civil War strife, meat packers took the railroad north to Chicago,
ravaged virtually every structure in its 2,000-acre swath. It burned
which soon seized the distinction of being the meat-packing capital
until October 10, when rains checked its force and Lake Michigan
of the world, a title it held for a century.
halted its progress. Three hundred people were killed and 90,000
By 1870 Chicago had a population of 300,000. The city's
were left homeless; 18,000 buildings were destroyed.
earliest settlers came mainly from the East Coast, but in the 1830s
Chicago's recovery in the aftermath of the fire was in many
construction work on the Illinois and Michigan Canal lured Irish
ways as stunning as the apocalypse itself. Chicagoans swung into
laborers. In the late 1840s and 1850s more Irish, induced to leave
action to rebuild their city with a level of optimism and energy that
their country by overpopulation, poor crops, and the 1846 potato
makes their efforts an oft-quoted parable of "can-do American-
famine, immigrated to Chicago to work on the railroads. During
ism." Within a year, some $40 million worth of new structures
the same period, unrest in the German states prompted a wave of
stood in place of the fire-charred ruins. Miraculously, most of the
224
CHICAGO
city's stores of grain, lumber, and livestock and its manufacturing
capacity were unscathed by the fire, a fortunate happenstance that
aided in the city's rapid recovery.
The Great Fire created a blank space for real estate speculators
and architects to shape and fill, and after 1871 Chicago's history
provides an anthology of the theory and practice of architecture
and city planning, the telling of which, even in modest detail, is
beyond the scope of this book. In any case, the most impressive and
visible legacy of the Great Fire is the skyscraper, a tall, steel-framed
form making use of a mechanical elevator (the Otis passenger
elevator was first used in 1857 in New York). Many of the engi-
neering problems of the metal skeleton and floating foundation
were resolved in Chicago, and it is fitting that the city can still claim
the world's tallest building, the 109-story Sears Tower (233 South
Wacker Drive). Many revered names in the annals of architecture
are associated with the rebuilding and molding of Chicago after the
Great Fire, including William Le Baron Jenney, Daniel Burnham,
John Wellborn Root, Louis Sullivan, and Dankmar Adler. A drafts-
man in the firm of Adler and Sullivan, Frank Lloyd Wright, went
on to become the most famous of Chicago's architects. Wright's
career was prolific and long-he died at age 92-and he is most
widely known for promulgating a distinctively American style of
domestic architecture known as the Prairie Style. Wright's Prairie
houses were ostensibly free of classical antecedents and devoid of
frills; the architect was particularly scornful of Victorian excess.
This chapter begins on the city's lakefront and in the downtown
area straddling the Chicago River before progressing northward
through the Gold Coast neighborhood to Graceland Cemetery. It
then proceeds to the Near West Side, once the heart of Chicago's
manufacturing district and immigrant ghettos. Next is Chicago's
South Side, an immense and historically diverse area where a
handful of nineteenth-century mansions stand in the shadow of the
world's largest housing projects. It concludes in the western sub-
urbs of Oak Park and River Forest, where Frank Lloyd Wright
lived for over twenty years.
OPPOSITE: Chicago's Great Fire of 1871, which burned from October 8 to October 10,
consumed some 18,000 buildings and left 90,000 people homeless. This view depicts the fire
on October 9.
DOWNTOWN
227
THE LAKEFRONT
Chicago's Lake Shore Drive, one of the most impressive boulevards
in the nation, skirts the Lake Michigan shore for 124 blocks-from
Jackson Park at 67th Street on the south to Hollywood Avenue at
the northern perimeter of Lincoln Park. The thoroughfare affords
splendid views of the lake, its public beaches and parks, and the
city's skyline. This urban scene is the most visible legacy of the 1909
Plan of Chicago, authored by Daniel H. Burnham with assistance
from Edward H. Bennett. This ambitious scheme-to develop
parks and public buildings and improve the city's infrastructure-
grew out of the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition, for which
Burnham served as chief of construction. With the Plan of Chica-
go, Burnham intended his beloved city to "outrival Paris." In the
early twentieth century other cities around the world called upon
Burnham (elsewhere in the Great Lakes he designed urban areas in
Cleveland and Duluth), but it is Chicago that best reveals the
magnitude of his energy and genius.
DOWNTOWN
Downtown Chicago is bisected east-west by the Chicago River,
formerly a narrow stream that meandered through the lakeshore
swamps, whose course has been greatly altered over the years.
Used in the nineteenth century for raw sewage, the sluggish river
contaminated drinking water and sent waves of dysentery, typhoid,
and cholera through the city. In 1900 engineers cut the Sanitary
and Ship Canal through the marsh to a point on the Illinois River
that was lower than the mouth of the Chicago River. This reversed
the river's gravitational flow, pulling in water from the lake, which
increased the river's flushing capacity.
Downtown south of the Chicago River and east of the South
Branch is called The Loop, a name probably derived from the
elevated railroad built in the 1890s to encircle the business district.
This is the heart of Chicago, containing the city's financial district
and many of the architectural masterpieces that mark the evolution
of the skyscraper.
OPPOSITE: The Wrigley Building rises above the Chicago River-which, by way of the
Sanitary & Ship Canal, the Des Plaines River, and the Illinois River, links Chicago to Saint
Louis and the Mississippi River.
228
DOWNTOWN
DOWNTOWN
229
ARCHICENTER
A visitors' gallery oversees the action in the separate circular
Operated by the Chicago Architecture Foundation, ArchiCenter
trading pits, where wheat, soybeans, oats, and other commodities
offers an array of bus and walking tours of historic and architectur-
are bought and sold. On weekday mornings scheduled talks ex-
ally significant areas of Chicago and sponsors lectures, films, and
plain the gesticulations of the traders.
exhibitions. It is located in the sixteen-story Monadnock Building,
LOCATION: 141 West Jackson Boulevard. HOURS: 8-2 Monday-
the largest office building in the world when it was built in 1891.
Friday. FEE: None. TELEPHONE: 312-435-3590.
The north half (facing Jackson Boulevard), designed by Burnham
and Root, remains the tallest edifice with exterior wall-bearing
Canyonlike LaSalle Street is lined with towering office buildings,
masonry construction, which accounts for the six-foot thick walls at
government offices, and financial institutions. Two of historical
its base. Constructed in 1893, the south half (facing Van Buren
note are the Continental Illinois National Bank and Trust and
Street) was designed by Holabird and Roche and is supported by a
The Rookery (231 and 209 South LaSalle Street). Continental
steel frame.
Illinois dates its origin to 1857 and claims to be Chicago's oldest
LOCATION: 330 South Dearborn Street. HOURS: 9:30-5:30 Monday-
bank. The 1924 structure was designed by Daniel Burnham's suc-
Friday, 9-4 Saturday. FEE: Yes. TELEPHONE: 312-782-1776.
cessor firm, Graham, Anderson, Probst, and White, along the lines
of a Roman bathhouse with a huge banking floor flanked by
CHICAGO BOARD OF TRADE
majestic Ionic columns. The Rookery, designed by Burnham and
Root, is an important precursor of the skyscraper. The exterior of
From its commanding position on Jackson Boulevard, the Chicago
the imposing granite-and-brick building is encrusted with terra-
Board of Trade looms like a temple over LaSalle Street, Chicago's
cotta ornamentation. It surrounds an atrium court intended to
financial district. Completed in 1930, the Art Deco structure was
provide light to interior offices. Frank Lloyd Wright as well as
designed by Holabird and Root. (A Post-modern addition, echoing
Burnham and Root occupied office space in The Rookery; Wright
motifs of the Art Deco original, was added between 1979 and
was responsible for remodeling its lobby in 1905. It has been a
1982.) Atop the forty-five-story building is a statue of Ceres, the
prestigious address for financial firms, lawyers, and other busi-
Roman goddess of agriculture. The interior continues the Art
nesses since it opened in 1888.
Deco decor.
State Street was Chicago's first great retail shopping avenue
The Chicago Board of Trade was organized in 1848 to create a
and, while many of the opulent shops have moved north to the so-
semblance of order out of the existing chaos of grain trading. At
called Magnificent Mile, State Street remains a textbook of Chicago
the time, farmers from across the Midwest poured into Chicago
School structures designed by the city's leading architects. Two of
after harvest, going from merchant to merchant to seek the best
the shrines of retail shopping-Marshall Field (111 North State
price for their grain. The city's streets and riverways were jammed
Street) and Carson Pirie Scott (1 South State Street)-remain open
with loaded wagons and boats, and unsold grain was simply
for business. Designed by D. H. Burnham and Company and
dumped in the lake as it spoiled. Prices fluctuated wildly, and
constructed between 1902 and 1914, Marshall Field occupies one
because there were no standard weights per bushel or grades for
city block. Carson Pirie Scott was designed by Louis Sullivan in
grain, angry disputes often broke out between buyer and seller.
1899 with an addition in 1906 by D. H. Burnham and Company.
Among its numerous accomplishments, the Board of Trade initiat-
Sullivan adorned the entryway and exterior of the lower two floors
ed standard grades for grain, set up methods of grain inspection,
with elegant cast iron, above which are severe, rectilinear office
established procedures for warehousing and shipping commod-
floors. The store's upstairs horizontal windows offer excellent ex-
ities, and gathered and published trade statistics.
amples of the Chicago window (a fixed central pane flanked by
230
DOWNTOWN
DOWNTOWN
231
Some of Chicago's late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century buildings display elaborate
the Carson Pirie Scott store, left, and Burnham and Root's elegant terra cotta ornamentation
decorative details, such as Louis Sullivan's fanciful cast-iron grillwork on the first two floors of
from the Rookery, right.
narrow double-hung windows), a device first used on Holabird and
Grant Park anchors four important cultural institutions, three
Roche's Marquette Building (140 South Dearborn Street). Another
of which are clustered toward the southern end of the park. These
nearby architectural landmark is the Reliance Building (32 North
bear the names of influential nineteenth-century Chicago entre-
State Street), designed by Charles B. Atwood of Burnham and
preneurs and provide imposing reminders of the philanthropic
Company and completed in 1895. With its steel skeleton, terra-
spirit that helped realize the 1909 Plan of Chicago. The Adler
cotta, and extensive use of glass, it is an early example of the
Planetarium (1300 South Lake Shore Drive, 312-322-0300) was
Chicago School and precursor of twentieth-century glass-sheathed
funded by Max Adler, a former vice president of Sears Roebuck
skyscrapers.
and Company. In addition to the planetarium itself, the building
contains a fine collection of early astronomical and navigation
GRANT PARK
instruments. The John G. Shedd Aquarium (1200 South Lake
Shore Drive, 312-939-2426), the world's largest, is named for its
Grant Park extends along Lake Michigan and Michigan Avenue
donor, a former chairman of the board of Marshall Field and
from Randolph Street on the north until merging with Burnham
Company. On exhibit are extensive collections of live marine and
Park at Roosevelt Road. Proposed by the 1909 Plan of Chicago, it is
freshwater animals. The Field Museum of Natural History (Lake
the centerpiece of the parks along the Michigan lakefront. The
Shore Drive and Roosevelt Road, 312-922-9410) was built with
1926 Buckingham Memorial Fountain in the middle of the park
funds given by Marshall Field I, founder of the retail stores that
and the 1908 statue of a seated Abraham Lincoln, the last work
bear his name. The mammoth Classical Revival building was de-
done by Augustus Saint-Gaudens, are landmarks.
signed by D. H. Burnham and Company and Graham, Anderson,
232
DOWNTOWN
Probst, and White and was constructed between 1915 and 1920.
Among its vast collections is an excellent ethnological exhibit on
American Indians. Around these museums is the site of the 1933-
1934 Century of Progress exposition.
The fourth of the Grant Park museums, the Art Institute of
Chicago (Michigan Avenue and Adams Street, 312-443-3600),
stands at the park's western edge. The museum's original wing,
facing Michigan Avenue, is Beaux-Arts in style and was designed
by Shepley, Rutan, and Coolidge in 1893. The Art Institute takes
special interest in Chicago's architectural history and has a perma-
nent installation of architectural fragments from Chicago buildings
that have been demolished. The Art Institute reconstructed the
Trading Room of the 1894 Stock Exchange Building (which for-
merly stood at 30 North LaSalle Street), with its lavish interior, "a
masterpiece of architectural form and color," providing a priceless
example of the ornamental style of Louis Sullivan. Sullivan collab-
orated with expert colorist Louis J. Millet on the intricate stencil
patterns that cover the walls and ceiling. In the garden fronting the
new wing stands the Stock Exchange Building's entryway, a hand-
some arch of stone and terra-cotta.
Facing Grant Park on the west side of Michigan Avenue are
many significant turn-of-the-century structures. Of these perhaps
the most important, and surely the most beloved, is Adler and
Sullivan's Auditorium Building and Theatre (430 South Michigan
Avenue). The 1889 building combined office space with a hotel
and theater and during its heyday was a social and cultural center
of the city. The theater is renowned for its acoustics, Adler's contri-
bution, and its exquisitely detailed interior ornamentation, the
work of Sullivan. In 1946 Roosevelt University purchased the
Auditorium Building (it had gone bankrupt during the Great De-
pression) and renovated the former office and hotel spaces for use
as a downtown campus. The theater, which faces East Congress
Parkway, has been restored and is in use. The university also
maintains a small exhibit of Adler and Sullivan memorabilia in the
former hotel lobby.
OPPOSITE: The reflecting pool in Grant Park mirrors buildings from two eras of Chicago
architecture: the preserved facade of Louis Sullivan's Chicago Stock Exchange (1894) and
Edward Durrell Stone's Standard Oil Building (1974). OVERLEAF: Georges Seurat's
Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (detail), one of the highlights of the
Art Institute of Chicago's collection.
and
236
NEAR NORTH SIDE
NEAR NORTH SIDE
The downtown area north of the Chicago River is generally re-
ferred to as the Near North Side. This district, now a commercial
and retail stronghold, began its rise to glory in the 1920s with the
opening of the Michigan Avenue Bridge and subsequent construc-
tion of the glistening white terra-cotta Wrigley Building (400
North Michigan Avenue), a Graham, Anderson, Probst, and White
project completed in 1921, and Tribune Tower (435 North Michi-
gan Avenue), the Gothic Revival skyscraper designed by Raymond
Hood and John Howells and constructed in 1925. It is here that
Michigan Avenue takes on the name Magnificent Mile, an appella-
tion confirmed by the presence on the avenue of several upscale
retail institutions.
Navy Pier (600 East Grand Avenue), which juts out 3,040 feet
into Lake Michigan, was completed in 1916 as a part of Burnham's
Plan of Chicago. The east promenade affords splendid views of the
lake and skyline, and four structures on the pier-the domed
Auditorium and the Shelter, Recreation, and Terminal buildings-
are now used for special events and festivals.
The Great Fire of 1871, coupled with socioeconomic changes
in Chicago's first fashionable enclave along Prairie Avenue on the
Near South Side, spurred the elite to migrate to the Near North
Side, where they could live in proximity to businesses in the com-
mercial district just to the south. The neighborhood roster includ-
ed such prominent Chicago names as the Leiters (dry goods),
McCormicks (reapers), and Ryersons (steel), who built mansions in
the popular Victorian style. One survivor is the 1883 Samuel M.
Nickerson House (40 East Erie Street, private), a baronial three-
story mansion built of now-darkened gray limestone.
WATER TOWER AND PUMPING STATION
The many-turreted Gothic spire of the Water Tower, once artfully
concealing a 138-foot-tall standpipe, and the adjacent Pumping
Station are cherished landmarks in Chicago. The fanciful lime-
stone structures were designed by W.W. Boyington and completed
in 1869, and they were among the few buildings in the Near North
OPPOSITE: The Water Tower, designed by W. W. Boyington.
238
THE GOLD COAST
THE GOLD COAST
239
Side to survive the Great Fire. While the Water Tower no longer
CHICAGO HISTORICAL SOCIETY
stores water (it now houses the offices of the Chicago Tourism
Council), the Pumping Station has been in use since the 1871 fire.
Located at the south end of Lincoln Park, this long-standing Chica-
go institution was founded in 1856. The Society's Georgian-style
LOCATION: Water Tower: 800 North Michigan Avenue. Pumping Sta-
structure, which was recently renovated and expanded, was built in
tion: 163 East Pearson Street. HOURS: Visitor center: 9:30-5 Daily. FEE:
1932 to designs by Graham, Anderson, Probst, and White. The
None. TELEPHONE: 312-280-5740.
collections on the Civil War, Lincoln, folk and decorative arts, and
Facing Chicago's oldest park, the small Washington Square, is the
costumes are supplemented by permanent exhibits on Fort Dear-
Romanesque Revival Newberry Library (60 West Walton Street,
born and the events leading up to the Fort Dearborn massacre,
312-943-9090). The granite structure, built in 1893 and designed
pioneer life in Illinois, economic and social development of Chica-
by Henry Ives Cobb, holds a reference library with emphasis on
go, and the 1933-1934 Century of Progress Exhibition. The muse-
history and the humanities.
um also houses a collection of first printings of important Ameri-
can documents, including a rare broadside of the Declaration of
THE GOLD COAST
Independence and the first official printing of the Bill of Rights.
LOCATION: Clark Street at North Avenue. HOURS: 9:30-4:30 Mon-
Along with the Near North Side, the Gold Coast (North Avenue,
day-Saturday, 12-5 Sunday. FEE: Yes. TELEPHONE: 312-642-4600.
Lake Michigan, and Oak and Clark streets) developed in the late
nineteenth century as an enclave for affluent Chicagoans, a role it
LINCOLN PARK
still plays. A sense of the neighborhood's elegance is preserved in
the townhouses along narrow, tree-lined Astor Street between Divi-
A long, narrow expanse of land embracing about five miles of the
sion Street and North Avenue. The spare and symmetrical Charn-
Lake Michigan shore, Lincoln Park is over 1,200 acres in size and
ley House (1365 North Astor Street, 312-951-8006) stands in
the largest park in Chicago. The south end was formerly a munici-
conspicuous contrast to its-more ornate nineteenth-century town-
pal cemetery, the graves of which were moved to make way for the
house neighbors. Built in 1892 as a residence, it is a masterpiece of
park. One family objected to the disruption and won a lawsuit to
early modern design. Now headquarters of the Skidmore, Owings
leave the Ira Couch Mausoleum in place. The tomb, overgrown
& Merrill Foundation, it was originally commissioned from the
with shrubbery, can be seen just to the north of the Chicago
offices of Adler and Sullivan, although Frank Lloyd Wright, then a
Historical Society. To the east of the Society stands an 1887 bronze
young draftsman, claimed credit for the actual design.
statue of Abraham Lincoln by Augustus Saint-Gaudens.
On adjacent corners of State Parkway and Burton Place stand
Lincoln Park is embellished with thirty or so statues of such
two historic Gold Coast mansions. The 1902 Madlener House (4
historic personages as Beethoven, Shakespeare, and John Peter
West Burton Place, private) was designed by Richard E. Schmidt
Altgeld, the outspoken Illinois governor who pardoned three of
and Hugh M. G. Garden with elegant detailing; in the garden is a
the men convicted after the Haymarket Riot and unsuccessfully
collection of fragments from buildings designed by Louis Sullivan.
opposed the intervention of federal troops during the American
The 1893 Patterson-McCormick Mansion (20 East Burton Place,
Railway Union strikes. The fine Lincoln Park Zoo (2200 North
private) was designed by Stanford White of the New York firm of
Cannon Drive, 312-294-4660), begun in 1868 and billed as Ameri-
McKim, Mead & White. The orange brick-and-terra-cotta resi-
ca's oldest zoo, contains many imaginative structures. The nearby
dence was built as a wedding present for Mrs. Robert Patterson,
Chicago Academy of Sciences (2001 North Clark Street, 312-549-
whose father was editor of the Chicago Tribune. Facing Lincoln Park
0606), founded in 1857, is considered the oldest scientific museum
on the north edge of the Gold Coast stands the Roman Catholic
in the Midwest. Present-day Fullerton Parkway, which cuts across
Archbishop's Residence (1555 North State Parkway), built in 1880
the southern portion of Lincoln Park, marks the northern limits of
and noted for its nineteen chimneys.
the Great Chicago Fire.
240
NEAR NORTHWEST SIDE
NEAR NORTHWEST SIDE
The Near Northwest Side, which is composed of the neighbor-
hoods of West Town, Wicker Park, and Logan Square, was a
stronghold of Polish, German, and Scandinavian working-class im-
migrants during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Cut-
ting diagonally northwest to southeast through the area is Milwau-
kee Avenue, a busy commercial strip that now supports many
Hispanic enterprises. The Polish Museum of America (984 North
Milwaukee Avenue, 312-384-3352), possibly the largest ethnic
museum in the country, displays military memorabilia, religious
artifacts, costumes, folk art, and other articles relevant to Polish
culture. The area has a particularly rich concentration of beautiful
churches, including Saint Mary of the Angels (Hermitage and
Cortland streets), a Roman Catholic church reminiscent of Saint
Peter's in Rome. The 1,800-seat church, constructed between 1911
and 1920, is an exceptional example of Roman Renaissance archi-
tecture. It was designed by Worthmann and Steinbach, who also
did the Saint Nicholas Ukrainian Catholic Cathedral (Oakley
Boulevard and Rice Street). Richly ornamented with mosaics and
iconography, it was fashioned after the Basilica of Saint Sophia in
Kiev and dedicated in 1915. Saint Stanislaus Kostka (1351 West
Evergreen Avenue), a neo-Renaissance structure designed by Pat-
rick Charles Keely, was completed in 1881. The Holy Trinity
Roman Catholic Church (Noble and Division streets) served an-
other Polish congregation that formed in the mid-1870s. Designed
by Oleszewski and Krieg, the neo-Baroque structure was complet-
ed in 1906. Holy Trinity Orthodox Cathedral (Leavitt Street and
Haddon Avenue), a Russian Orthodox church designed by Louis
Sullivan and completed in 1903, is an intimate stucco structure with
the architect's trademark geometric trim around eaves, doors, and
windows and richly stenciled polychrome interiors.
One of the most cherished landmarks on Chicago's North Side
is Wrigley Field (Clark and Addison streets). Built in 1914 to house
the Chicago Whales franchise of the now-defunct Federal League,
it has been the home of the Chicago Cubs since 1916 and is one of
the country's last classic ballparks-that is, it lacks a dome and
synthetic turf.
OPPOSITE: Holy Trinity Orthodox Cathedral, designed by Louis Sullivan, has the traditional
appearance of a Russian church but displays many of that architect's distinctive decorative
flourishes.
NEAR WEST SIDE
243
Many of the magnates of early Chicago rest at Graceland
Cemetery (North Clark Street and West Irving Park Road), their
remains appropriately memorialized with an impressive array of
monuments and statuary. The slate includes such names as Ar-
mour, Field, Glessner, Palmer, Pullman, Ryerson, and Wacker.
Also buried here are the great architects Louis Sullivan, Daniel
Burnham, John Root, and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Of the
various shrines, the 1890 Getty Tomb is the most stunning. De-
signed by Sullivan at the peak of his career, the door and window
arches and the intricate ornamentation on the bronze fixtures and
incised in the stone are typical of the architect's work.
NEAR WEST SIDE
an
The Near West Side lies across the South Branch of the Chicago
River just west of downtown. Its boundaries are roughly Lake
Street on the north, Canal Street on the east, Roosevelt Road on the
south, and Damen Avenue on the west. During the nineteenth
century this district was distinguished by its sweatshops, which
employed prodigious numbers of Jewish, Italian, Greek, and other
immigrant laborers from the nearby ghettos. The ethnic neighbor-
hoods have largely been displaced and the area is now a commer-
000000000
cial and institutional district. Remaining are numerous ethnic
churches, including Old Saint Patrick's Church (700 West Adams
Street), a massive Romanesque Revival cathedral erected in the
mid-1850s by a congregation of working-class Irish, and Holy
Family Catholic Church (Roosevelt Road and May Street), a Goth-
ic Revival cathedral built in 1857 as a "church of all nations."
JANE ADDAMS' HULL HOUSE MUSEUM
Desperately poor, uneducated, not fluent in English, overworked,
and underpaid, the inhabitants of the immigrant enclaves on the
Near West Side suffered from a litany of ills and abuses. To deal
with these woes, Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr pioneered the
concept of the settlement house, a haven that provided immigrants
with infant and child care, recreational facilities, and language and
citizenship classes. Founded in 1889, the Hull House group were
also active in the areas of sanitation, infant mortality, child labor,
OPPOSITE: Saint Stanislaus Kostka Church, built to serve Polish immigrants, had the world's
largest Roman Catholic congregation in the late 1890s.
244
NEAR WEST SIDE
NEAR SOUTH SIDE
245
the antilabor officer Captain John "Black Jack" Bonfield, moved to
break up a workers' meeting in the square when a bomb was
thrown into police ranks and panic ensued. Seven policemen and at
least two civilians were killed, and many were injured. The bomb
thrower was never identified, but during a trial of questionable
fairness eight alleged anarchists were convicted; four were hanged,
three were eventually pardoned, and one committed suicide.
The Near West Side was also where the Great Chicago Fire
broke out in 1871. The Chicago Fire Academy (558 West DeKo-
ven Street, 312-744-1699), a modern fire-engine-red brick build-
ing, stands on the historic site of the O'Leary barn, where the fire
allegedly began. In marked contrast to the immigrant ghettos of
the Near West Side, the Jackson Boulevard Historic District (1500
block of West Jackson Boulevard, between Laflin Street and Ash-
land Avenue) represents the wealthy residential neighborhoods
that grew up in the late nineteenth century around then-popular
Union Park (Washington Boulevard and Ashland Avenue). Al-
Jane Addams, right, campaigning for women's sufferage in 1912. She won the Nobel Peace
though urban renewal projects in the 1960s razed most of these
Prize in 1931 for her many humanitarian crusades.
areas, the Victorian townhouses on the 1500 block of Jackson
and fair labor practices. Jane Addams, who won the Nobel Peace
Boulevard were among the few nineteenth-century structures left
Prize in 1931, lived and worked here until her death in 1935.
untouched, and many have been rehabilitated. The First Baptist
The Hull Mansion and Dining Hall are the only extant build-
Congregational Church (Washington Boulevard and Ashland
ings of the original thirteen-building complex, much of which was
Avenue) was built in 1869 amid this affluent community to serve`a
removed in the 1960s to make way for the University of Illinois at
strongly antislavery congregation.
Chicago campus. Built in 1856, the mansion barely escaped the
Great Fire, which started just a few blocks to the east. When
NEAR SOUTH SIDE
Addams and Starr took over the then-dilapidated old mansion,
they retained the name of its original owner, Charles J. Hull, an
Historically an assortment of disparate commercial and residential
early Chicago real estate dealer. The first floor of the house con-
enclaves, the Near South Side is roughly defined by Roosevelt
tains period furnishings, while the nearby Dining Hall contains an
Road on the north, Lake Michigan on the east, 35th Street on the
exhibit describing the nearby ethnic neighborhoods.
south, and the South Branch of the Chicago River, Federal and
LOCATION: 800 South Halsted Street. HOURS: June through August:
Clark streets on the west. The premier nineteenth-century neigh-
10-4 Monday-Friday, 12-5 Sunday; September through November:
borhood from just after the Great Fire until the turn of the century
10-4 Monday-Friday. FEE: None. TELEPHONE: 312-413-5353.
was the Prairie Avenue Historic District (Prairie Avenue between
One of the historic, and most volatile, confrontations in the nine-
18th and 21st streets). A vestige can be seen in several houses along
Prairie Avenue and in two that are maintained as house museums.
teenth-century struggle to achieve the eight-hour workday OC-
curred at Haymarket Square (Desplaines and Randolph streets)-
JOHN J. GLESSNER HOUSE
the Haymarket Riot. During the spring of 1886 Chicago was seeth-
ing with unrest as thousands of workers, at the urging of the newly
This magnificent house was one of the last works by Boston archi-
organized American Federation of Labor, agitated for an eight-
tect Henry Hobson Richardson, who died before the project was
hour workday. On May 4, 1886, a band of 180 policemen, led by
completed, and the only one of the three Chicago structures he
246
NEAR SOUTH SIDE
NEAR SOUTH SIDE
247
HENRY B. CLARKE HOUSE
Built in 1836 or thereabouts-no one is quite sure-this Greek
Revival residence is also known as the Widow Clarke House. It is
the oldest extant structure in the city, dating from the era when
Chicago was rapidly emerging from a rough-and-tumble frontier
village to a booming metropolis. Hearing of opportunities in the
town, New Yorker Clarke came to Chicago in 1835, bought land
along the south shore of Lake Michigan, and prospered in real
estate ventures, banking, and the wholesale hardware business.
Henry and Caroline Clarke used the traditional timber-frame
method of construction for their house, which has survived Chica-
go's fires and has been moved twice. When the Clarkes built their
home, which originally stood just to the north at present-day 16th
Street and Michigan Avenue, it sat on the prairie over a mile south
of the nearest house.
Glessner House, designed by Henry Hobson Richardson, presents a fortresslike facade to
Prairie Avenue.
designed that is extant. Commissioned in 1885 by John J. Glessner,
a founder of International Harvester, the house was completed in
1887 and became a gathering place for Chicago's elite. Although
many Prairie Avenue residents migrated north of the river at the
turn of the century, Frances and John Glessner continued to live
here until their deaths in the 1930s.
Richardson's design emphasizes privacy. The severe facade, of
rusticated granite, is delicate in its details, with a few small windows
along with a trademark Richardsonian arched doorway. The auda-
cious floor plan looks inward-many of the principal rooms open
onto a serene interior courtyard. Although when the house was
completed neighbors resented the intrusion of what they called a
"fortress" insensitively placed on elegant Prairie Avenue, it is now
thought to be one of Richardson's masterpieces, and its influence
on a number of architects of the emerging Chicago School has
made it one of the most important houses of its period. Most of the
furnishings are in the Arts and Crafts style.
LOCATION: 1800 South Prairie Avenue. HOURS: April through Octo-
ber: 12-2 Wednesday-Friday, 11-3 Saturday-Sunday; November
through March: 12-2 Wednesday, Friday-Sunday. FEE: Yes. TELE-
The Henry B. Clarke House, Chicago's oldest surviving building, was built by a pioneer couple
PHONE: 312-326-1393.
who, after a year in a log cabin, wanted a house like the ones they had left in New York State.
248
NEAR SOUTH SIDE
NEAR SOUTH SIDE
249
Before the house was completed, the Panic of 1837 greatly
Union Stock Yards opened in 1865. By consolidating first the
reduced Clarke's means, and to make ends meet he turned to
stock pens and then the meat-packing facilities around nine con-
farming, dairying, hunting, and clerking, which provided a com-
verging railroads in the mid-1870s, the stockyards thrust Chicago
fortable if not lavish life for the Clarkes and their six children
forward as the meat-packing capital of the world, a title it held for
through the 1840s. In 1849, Henry Clarke died during a cholera
more than a century. The stockyards and so-called Packingtown
epidemic that swept the city. Before her death in 1860, the widow
spread out over more than 600 acres, covering an area from 35th
Clarke provided for her family by subdividing and selling twenty
Street and Pershing Road on the north to Halsted Street on the
acres of family land, which also enabled her to complete the house
east, 47th Street on the south, and Ashland and Western avenues
interiors and erect a stylish Italianate cupola. The Clarke offspring
on the west. As the architectural historian John-Zukowsky writes,
lived in the house until 1872. The house has been restored to its
Union Stock Yards "virtually functioned as a city within a city,
appearance in the 1850s, and it contains furnishings of the time.
providing housing, hotels, restaurants, and exchange. Its pens
LOCATION: 1855 South Indiana Avenue (tours begin at the John J.
could hold 20,000 cattle, 75,000 hogs, and 20,000 sheep. In 1871
Glessner House, 1800 South Prairie Avenue). HOURS: April through
the meatpackers processed more than 500,000 cattle and some
October: 12-2 Wednesday-Friday, 11-3 Saturday-Sunday; Novem-
2,400,000 hogs. Eastern European immigrants, and after
ber through March: 12-2 Wednesday, Friday-Sunday. FEE: Yes.
World War I, blacks, provided the bulk of the labor force. By
TELEPHONE: 312-326-1393.
World War I the stockyards and meat-packing plants employed
some 40,000 workers.
Notable privately owned mansions in the Prairie Avenue District
Another landmark church on the Near South Side is the 1890
include the 1890 Chateauesque-style Kimball House (1801 South
Pilgrim Baptist Church (Indiana Avenue and 33rd Street), which
Prairie Avenue), designed by Solon S. Beman; the 1886 Roman-
first served as Temple K.A.M. The massive stone structure was
esque Coleman House (1811 Prairie Avenue); and the ca. 1870
designed by Dankmar Adler (whose father served as the first rabbi)
Italianate Keith House (1900 South Prairie Avenue).
and Louis Sullivan.
Two blocks west of Prairie Avenue stands the Second Presby-
Overlooking Lake Michigan, the Douglas Tomb State Memo-
terian Church (1936 South Michigan Avenue), the place of wor-
rial (35th Street and Lake Park Avenue) stands on ground that was
ship for many of the neighborhood's nineteenth-century million-
once part of Oakenwald, the estate of Stephen A. Douglas, the
aires. A splendid Chicago landmark, the Gothic Revival structure
indefatigable Illinois politician, lawyer, and land speculator. Doug-
was designed by the famed nineteenth-century church architect
las was an avid proponent of development along Chicago's south
James Renwick and constructed between 1872 and 1874. Louis
shore. He owned land in the Lake Calumet area and promoted it as
Millet and Louis Comfort Tiffany were among the artists responsi-
the industrial area that it eventually became. In 1852 he purchased
ble for the stained-glass windows.
seventy acres and planned a residential subdivision in the area
A variety of events conspired to make the environs of Prairie
where his memorial now stands.
Avenue undesirable for its wealthy inhabitants, who by the mid-
Several buildings designed by a master of modern architecture
1890s were being lured by real estate magnate Potter Palmer to the
can be found on the Illinois Institute of Technology campus
Near North Side. Prairie Avenue was becoming a warehouse dis-
(South State Street from 31st to 35th streets), where Ludwig Mies
trict as retail businesses crowded out such facilities within The
van der Rohe, one of the International Style's greatest practition-
Loop. With the advent of the automobile, car dealerships were
ers, was director of the department of architecture from 1939 to
attracted to the broad boulevard of South Michigan Avenue, which
1959. Mies buildings of particular note here include the 1946
in the early twentieth century became "Automobile Row." At the
Alumni Memorial Building, the 1952 Chapel, and, especially, the
same time, city law enforcement was nudging vice out of The Loop,
1956 Crown Hall, home of the school's department of architecture.
whose criminal participants simply took up business in the Near
Comiskey Park (324 West 35th Street), the nation's oldest major-
North Side.
league ballpark, opened in 1910.
250
SOUTH SIDE
SOUTH SIDE
251
SOUTH
SIDE
This area of Chicago embraces the affluent, tree-shaded neighbor-
hoods where many of the city's prominent people have lived, in-
cluding Louis Sullivan, brothers-in-law Julius Rosenwald and Max
Adler, both of Sears and Roebuck, the clothier Joseph Schaffner,
and Enrico Fermi, the Nobel laureate physicist whose work led to
the development of atomic fission. This area also includes the site
of the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition, the great international
fair that turned the eyes of the world on Chicago.
Kenwood (East 48th Street, Dorchester and Blackstone ave-
nues, East Hyde Park Boulevard, and Ellis Avenue) began as a
middle- and upper-middle-class suburb in the late 1850s, and by
the turn of the century it had become the most fashionable neigh-
borhood on the South Side. Its variety of nineteenth- and early-
twentieth-century residences range in style from neo-Georgian,
Jacobethan, Queen Anne, and Italianate to Prairie School and
Shingle Style. Several were designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, in-
cluding two of the so-called moonlighting houses he designed on
the side while working for Adler and Sullivan, which led to his
dismissal from the firm. These houses are at 4858 and 4852 South
Kenwood Avenue.
Hyde Park (Hyde Park Boulevard, Lake Michigan, Midway
Plaisance, and Cottage Grove Avenue) was established in the 1850s
The Classical buildings at Chicago's 1893 World's Columbian Exposition, in Jackson Park,
by Paul Cornell, a tireless young lawyer from New York who
helped to establish the Beaux-Arts style as the standard for the era's public buildings.
envisioned an affluent suburb on the order of Hyde Park on the
Hudson River in his home state. To a large extent he achieved his
took its lead from the Gothic portions of Oxford and Cambridge in
aim. Cornell arranged for commuter transportation on the Illinois
England. The result, an imposing and unexpected Gothic look on
Central Railroad and fathered the South Side's impressive park
the prairie, was achieved by the university's first architect, Henry
system. Largely through his lobbying, park commissioners began
Ives Cobb, whose works on campus include Cobb Gate and Hull
acquiring land in 1869 amid the dunes and marshes and hired two
Court (1000 block of East 57th Street), Snell Hall (5709 South Ellis
prominent landscape architects, Frederick Law Olmsted and Cal-
Avenue), Cobb Hall (5811 South Ellis Avenue), and the Quadran-
vert Vaux, to design the reserves now known as Washington and
gle (57th and 59th streets between South Ellis and University
Jackson parks.
avenues). Another of the great Gothic-inspired buildings on cam-
Two events in the late nineteenth century spurred growth in
pus is Mandel Hall (1131 East 57th Street), a 1903 Shepley, Rutan,
Hyde Park and Kenwood. At Daniel Burnham's urging, Jackson
and Coolidge-designed building generally based on Crosby Place
Park was selected as the site of the 1893 World's Columbian Expo-
in England. On a more modern note, Henry Moore's 1967 sculp-
sition, and in 1892 the University of Chicago (5801 South Ellis
ture Nuclear Energy (South Ellis Avenue between 56th and 57th
Avenue, 312-702-8360) opened on land in Hyde Park donated by
streets) stands near the spot where Enrico Fermi's team of scientists
Marshall Field. Founded by the Baptist Church and funded with a
accomplished the first self-sustaining, controlled nuclear chain re-
$600,000 endowment from John D. Rockefeller, the university
action on December 2, 1942.
252
SOUTH SIDE
SOUTH SIDE
253
The university's first president, William Rainey Harper, estab-
lished a tradition of academic excellence by raiding prominent
faculties from other established institutions. Hyde Park became
home to many of these faculty members, who put the distinctive
stamp of the intelligentsia on the neighborhood. Hyde Park, as one
historian writes, "came to be dominated by people who were eco-
nomically conservative, liberal on social issues, and politically inde-
pendent." Together with Kenwood it has been home to more than
forty Nobel laureates.
Hyde Park churches include the Gothic Rockefeller Memorial
Chapel (5850 South Woodlawn Avenue), the Victorian United
Church of Hyde Park (1448 East 53rd Street), and K.A.M. Isaiah
Israel Temple (1100 East Hyde Park Boulevard), a 1924 Byzantine
tile-and-stone structure designed by Alfred S. Alschuler. K.A.M.
Isaiah Israel was formed in 1847 and is the oldest Jewish congrega-
tion in the Midwest. The history of the congregation and artifacts
and memorabilia are on exhibit at the temple in the Morton B.
Weiss Museum of Judaica (312-924-1234).
ROBIE HOUSE
One of the seminal works of twentieth-century domestic architec-
ture, the Robie House is the most famous residence in Hyde Park.
Frank Lloyd Wright's Robie House, considered the finest example of the Prairie-style house, sits
Frank Lloyd Wright designed this consummate Prairie house for
far from the prairie on a narrow city lot near the University of Chicago.
Frederick C. Robie; it was built between 1908 and 1910. Shocking
for its time, it is a spare brick structure with a hooded, private look
MUSEUM OF SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY
that is achieved by high walls and extended eaves. With the interi-
or, Wright did away with the nineteenth-century concept of sepa-
The Museum of Science and Industry overlooks a tranquil lagoon
rate rooms, creating spaces that flow into one another. Achieving
in Jackson Park. Twentieth-century visitors to Chicago can begin to
harmony with nature was a recurring theme in Wright's work, and
imagine the spectacle of the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition
had there been much nature nearby, this tenet would have been
by inspecting this mammoth Greek Revival structure, which served
beautifully manifested in the large expanses of windows and
as the fair's Palace of Fine Arts. Daniel Burnham was the chief of
French doors paned with art glass designed by Wright, which lead
construction for the fair, and his firm, D. H. Burnham and Com-
the eye out-of-doors. The Robie House is now owned by the Uni-
pany, designed this building, drawing inspiration from the
versity of Chicago and contains originals or reproductions of the
Acropolis at Athens. After the exposition and until 1920 the build-
furnishings Wright designed for the house.
ing housed the Field Museum of Natural History. Following a
period of neglect, Sears Roebuck mogul Julius Rosenwald under-
LOCATION: 5757 South Woodlawn Avenue. HOURS: Tours at noon
wrote restoration of the building and the installation of the Muse-
Monday-Saturday. FEE: None. TELEPHONE: 312-753-2175.
um of Science and Industry. The museum's exhibits, many of them
254
SOUTH SIDE
CHICAGO ENVIRONS
255
interactive, explain and illustrate the principles of science and
At the urging of a delegation of Pullman workers, the Ameri-
technology. Among the objects on display are early automobiles
can Railway Union, an industry-wide union organized by Eugene
and airplanes and a captured German U505 submarine.
Debs, agreed to refuse to move trains equipped with Pullman cars,
and the Pullman strike evolved into a tense nationwide boycott. In
LOCATION: 57th Street and Lake Shore Drive. HOURS: June through
August: 9:30-4 Daily; September through May: 9:30-4 Monday-
July, at the behest of President Grover Cleveland but against the
Friday, 9:30-5:30 Saturday-Sunday. FEE: Yes. TELEPHONE: 312-
wishes of Illinois governor John Peter Altgeld, 14,000 federal
684-1414.
troops broke the strike and arrested Eugene Debs. It was not until
after Pullman's death in 1897 and an order of the Supreme Court
Located in Washington Park, the Du Sable Museum of African-
of Illinois in 1907 that the town of Pullman was sold to its citizens.
American History (740 East 56th Place, 312-947-0600) is named
Scores of buildings remain in Pullman. Among the most
for Chicago's first permanent citizen, Jean Baptiste Pointe du Sa-
prominent are the Administration Building and Clock Tower
ble. It features rotating exhibits of cultural artifacts from Africa,
(East 111th Street and South Cottage Grove Avenue), an immense
the Caribbean, and the United States, with special emphasis on the
red brick Victorian structure that housed the corporate offices of
history and life-styles of blacks in the Midwest.
the Pullman Palace Car Company, and the Florence Hotel (East
111th Street and South Cottage Grove Avenue), a grand Victorian
PULLMAN
structure named for Pullman's favorite daughter.
The historic structures remaining in the company town of Pullman
All Pullman workers were required to board their horses at the
are a poignant reminder of the paternalism of railroad car mag-
Pullman Stables (East 112th Street and South Cottage Grove Ave-
nate George Pullman. An early conglomerate, monopoly, and mul-
nue), a profitable enterprise that also cut down on clean-up. Green-
tinational corporation, the Pullman Palace Car Company manufac-
stone Church (East 112th Street and South Saint Lawrence Ave-
tured and leased railroad cars to the railroads, provided them with
nue), which Pullman attended, is a Gothic Revival structure. The
sleeping-car porters and dining-car waiters, and supplied Italy,
row houses on the 11100 block of Champlain were designed by
England, and France with sleeping cars as well.
Beman, and the Bay Entrance Row Houses (11400 block of Cham-
In 1880 Pullman began building a "model town" for his work-
plain), named for their bay entries, are among the most attractive
ers, selecting the architect Solon S. Beman and landscape engineer
of Beman's designs in Pullman.
Nathan F. Barrett to design the community. Their efforts yielded a
fine nineteenth-century town plan and a handsome array of struc-
SUBURBAN CHICAGO
tures. It is sometimes said, however, that Pullman was less inspired
Adjacent to Chicago's northern border is its oldest and largest
by humane considerations than by the practical concerns of isolat-
suburb, Evanston, which stretches for three and a half miles along
ing his laborers from the growing influence of labor organizers in
the Lake Michigan shore. Evanston is named to honor John Evans,
the inner city of Chicago. Removed from these "evil influences,"
one of the founders of Northwestern University, which was estab-
11,000 workers in Pullman rented their homes and were never
lished there in 1851. The city is proud of its many fine late nine-
permitted to purchase them.
teenth and early twentieth century houses and has two extensive
An undercurrent of dissatisfaction with this arrangement
historic districts, the Evanston Ridge Historic District and the
reached a head after the Panic of 1893. Pullman laid off several
Evanston Lakeshore Historic District.
thousand workers and slashed the wages of remaining laborers
without a commensurate reduction in rent and city services. In the
OAK PARK AND RIVER FOREST
spring of 1894 a committee of workers presented a list of griev-
ances to Pullman, whereupon three were fired. On May 11, 1894,
The residential suburbs of Oak Park and River Forest, lying some
almost the entire Pullman work force walked off the job.
ten miles west of the Loop, are famous for possessing the world's
256
CHICAGO ENVIRONS
CHICAGO ENVIRONS
257
largest concentration of structures-twenty-five in Oak Park, six in
offers guided tours of Unity Temple and the Frank Lloyd Wright
River Forest-designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. Wright moved to
Home and Studio, and sells an array of books, maps, and guides.
Oak Park in 1887 and remained for more than twenty years. It was
here that he began his architectural career, married his first wife,
Unity Temple
Catherine Tobin, fathered six children, designed homes for
friends who encouraged his experimentations, and commenced an
Completed in 1909, Frank Lloyd Wright's Unity Temple is a land-
affair with a neighbor, Mamah Borthwick Cheney, for whom he
mark in ecclesiastical architecture. The simple, boxlike sanctuary
had designed a house and with whom he ultimately fled Oak Park.
lacks the florid historical references that were common in turn-of-
In the nurturing environs of Oak Park and River Forest, the young
the-century church design, and the interior, with its stagelike pul-
Wright developed many of the tenets of the Prairie School while
pit surrounded on three sides by pews, is notable for its lack of
acting out, to the chagrin of some of his neighbors, his characteris-
ornamentation. The building is further distinguished by its
tically high passions.
poured-concrete construction, which served to keep the cost of
The Oak Park Visitor Center (158 North Forest Avenue, 312-
building it within a modest budget of $45,000. The temple contin-
848-1500) provides information on walking tours of the area,
ues to serve as an active Unitarian Universalist church and is open
regularly for tours.
LOCATION: 875 Lake Street. HOURS: 2-4 Monday-Friday; tour at 2
Saturday-Sunday. FEE: Yes. TELEPHONE: 312-848-6225.
Frank Lloyd Wright Home and Studio
Wright designed and constantly remodeled his Oak Park residence
and studio between 1889 and 1898. He designed the original
Shingle Style cottage for his bride Catherine when he was 22 years
old. The house changed and grew along with the family, at the
same time becoming a laboratory for Wright's early explorations in
furniture design, indirect lighting, and integrated heating. One of
the most delightful rooms, added in 1895, was the children's play-
room, an airy and spacious retreat with skylights and an impressive
barrel-vaulted ceiling. Wright lived and worked at the Oak Park
compound until 1909. In 1911 he established Taliesin, a new home
and studio near his birthplace in Wisconsin. In that same year he
extensively remodeled the Oak Park house as rental property and
the studio as living space for Catherine and the children. Restora-
tion work has returned the house and studio to their 1909 configu-
ration; they contain original and reproduction furnishings.
LOCATION: 951 Chicago Avenue. HOURS: 11-3 Monday-Friday, 11-
4 Saturday-Sunday. FEE: Yes. TELEPHONE: 312-848-1500.
OVERLEAF: Wright added this playroom for his six children to his Oak Park residence in
Frank Lloyd Wright's Fricke House in Oak Park, built in 1901.
1895.
Administration of George Bush, 1991 / Dec. 10
e character of
government."
rights agreements. Two hundred years after
know that, around the world, people are
tic.
the ratification of our Bill of Rights, the
trying as they come out from behind that
ntees, among
principles it enshrines continue to take root
Iron Curtain to emulate the market here,
of speech and
around the world.
free trading in a very, very important area.
om of religion
Having triumphed over communism,
And you are doing more for agriculture and
the right to
many peoples and nations now confront the
for business, and we are very, very grateful
ohibits unrea-
challenge of improving respect for human
to you.
of a person's
rights among various ethnic and religious
Let me just say a word. I am not happy,
The Bill of
groups, as well as members of national mi-
and nor is anybody, with the state of the
rson shall be
norities. The United States will continue to
economy. We want to see it moving. We
perty without
urge these and all nations to abide by inter-
want to see it growing. And I will gather up
olishes funda-
national human rights agreements and to
the best ideas I can between now and the
icial proceed-
act in the spirit of political pluralism and
time that the Congress comes back, try to
trial by jury.
tolerance-traditions that have made Amer-
lay partisan politics aside, and get this coun-
aber 15, 1791,
ica's diversity a source of pride and
try moving by a strong growth package that
is great docu-
strength.
was long overdue.
; the guiding
Now, Therefore, I, George Bush, Presi-
The current performance of this economy
it but also in-
dent of the United States of America, by
is unacceptable; growth is too slow. But
a around the
virtue of the authority vested in me by the
there are some encouraging signs: Interest
Constitution and laws of the United States,
rates are down, mortgage interest rates, in-
rsal Declara-
do hereby proclaim December 10, 1991, as
flation seems to be holding down. And now,
ecember 10,
Human Rights Day and December 15,
we've just got to give it a kick and get it
of the United
1991, as Bill of Rights Day and call upon all
started up again. And I'm grateful to all of
nankind the
Americans to observe the week beginning
you for the example you've set. And now I
1 of Rights.
December 10, 1991, as Human Rights
guess we have about 6 minutes, but I want
ould be pro-
Week.
to see this place spring into action. Maybe I
id describing
In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set
can learn a few new hand gestures.
1 standard of
my hand this ninth day of December, in the
Thank you all. God bless you, and God
and all na-
year of our Lord nineteen hundred and
bless the United States.
respect free-
ninety-one, and of the Independence of the
onscience, as
United States of America the two hundred
Note: The President spoke at 10:23 a.m.
belief. They
and sixteenth.
from the soybean pit of the Chicago Board
the right to
of person,"
George Bush
of Trade. In his remarks, he referred to Wil-
liam F. O'Connor, chairman, and Thomas
uman beings
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Regis-
F. Donovan, president and chief executive
1 of the law.
also recog-
ter, 5:01 p.m., December 9, 1991]
officer of the Chicago Board of Trade.
articipate in
Note: This proclamation was published in
er country,
the Federal Register on December 11.
eely chosen
Remarks to the Chicago Mercantile
of Human
Exchange in Chicago, Illinois
ericans have
December 10, 1991
on of these
Remarks to the Chicago Board of Trade
lom, justice,
in Chicago, Illinois
Thank you all very much. And Jack,
S ideal was
December 10, 1991
thank you, sir, for that more-than-generous
n the 1975
introduction. To Bill Brodsky, my thanks to
iference on
Thank you, Billy and thank you, Tom.
you, sir, for arranging all of this, coming
Europe and
Listen, it's a great pleasure to be with all of
from Wall Street to Chicago, as you have.
ter of Paris.
you. And standing next to me is a guy who
I'm delighted to be with you. To Leo, Leo
most of you know, son of Illinois, Ed Mad-
Melamed, the Babe Ruth of the exchange, I
in ever to
with the
igan, the Secretary of Agriculture, doing a
want to thank him. And, of course, salute
nal human
great job.
two others with me, your great Governor,
Listen, we wanted to come by and see
my friend Jim- Edgar, and Ed Madigan, who
this great market. And all of you ought to
is our new-former Illinois Congressman,
1797
Dec. 10 / Administration of George Bush, 1991
and now our able Secretary of Agriculture,
[Laughter] No, actually it's been very, very
who is up to his eyeballs in working with us
Uruguay, la
friendly.
U.S.-1644
to try to make a successful conclusion to
But I really enjoyed the tour downstairs,
Uruguay rou
this GATT round. And he's knocking him-
and I also have been looking forward to this
merce, int
self out, crossing the Atlantic Ocean back
and forth, but we couldn't have a better
part of the program, here on the upper
agreements
Secretary of Agriculture trying to open up
floor, the futures market of the future, I
think we really can peek into the next cen-
Vatican City
these foreign markets to our agricultural
Pope-160
products. Ed, thank you.
tury. Soon, probably sooner than you
President B
And I thought Jim Thompson was going
expect, this area will be as packed and busy
Veteran Weel
to be with us, but maybe he's not that
as the trading pits below.
Veterans Affa
brave, a member of the Board of Trade and
The Merc has become a bellwether of the
Veterans Affa
a lawyer. [Laughter] But he was here, and I
future because it never, ever lost the inven-
opment, an
salute him, a longtime friend.
tive spirit of its founders. You defied the
tions Act, I
doomsayers when you pioneered that risk-
Veterans' Co
Jack mentioned the visit to the trading
1991-1632
floor, and I do want to thank everyone in-
pool management through the Exchange
Veterans Day
volved in that trip through that melee for
Trust. You established the first financial fu-
Veterans of F
their warmth of the reception and the-I
tures market, the International Monetary
Vetoes, Presi
thought it would be pretty hard to match
Market. You saw an international market-
Victory Awar
the emotion of last weekend out there in
place and established overseas offices before
Vietnam Vete
Pearl Harbor, but I'll tell you, this was a
most exchanges even thought of setting up
Virginia, Presi
domestic branches. And you created Euro-
Voice of Ame
little different. Younger kids, all-there
dollar Futures a decade ago, and I know
Voluntarism-
were a few old guys down there-[augh-
Volunteer A
ter]-but I'm talking about enthusiasm and
you celebrated its 10th anniversary yester-
dent's-170
the future. And it was a wonderfully inspir-
day. And you should be very, very proud of
Volunteers of
ing trip through that floor, and I want to
this world leadership.
Rapids, IA-
thank those of you who were here that par-
In challenging times, you've thrived. And
Volunteers of
ticipated in that and everybody else respon-
this year, you trimmed expenses to improve
OH-1707
sible for that visit. Thank you very, very
efficiency, and your business grew by more
Washington, fi
much.
than 4 percent, I'm told. Through the ups
WBNS Televis
It's great to be back here and to have a
and downs of the business cycle, you've op-
WCMH Telev
chance to visit briefly with the leaders of
erated without requiring a dime's worth of
Weapons. See
the business community and leaders of this
assistance from the American taxpayer. And
Wegmans Foo
exchange. As you know, we've had a staff
you've taken care of your own without
Western Samo
change at the White House, a new Chief of
losing your momentum for a single minute.
White Cane Sa
Staff coming there. And when John Sununu
White House
It's great to be here-I mentioned him
sion on-14
resigned, I looked to Chicago, I looked to
earlier-with Leo Melamed whom, I sup-
White House
the Windy City for help, for another sound
pose, you call the father of the future. And
Assistant to
manager, communicator, and consummate
now, you all know of his professional accom-
fairs-173
politician. Well, Mike Ditka was busy with
plishments, but he never left his imagina-
other responsibilities-{laughter}-and Sam
tion at the office. As many of you know, he
Skinner, though, rose to the fore. And I
has also written prodigiously. His greatest
think we're going to have a very good oper-
triumph was the science fiction thriller
ation with your friend and mine, Sam, who
"The Tenth Planet." It's not about Capitol
did a great job as Secretary of Transporta-
Hill; it is another science fiction thriller.
tion, now in this new, key place as we move
Sometimes, though, debates on Capitol
into a new year.
Hill about the economy sound as if they
I've really enjoyed my visits here to both
were about life on another planet. And you
exchanges today, the board and then here.
know, an economy does not run just on
I've seen the future. It uses hand signals, at
money. An economy lives and breathes on
least for now. [Laughter] But then, I've also
ideas and information.
glimpsed at the fact that that's also chang-
Entrepreneurs like the men and women
ing. Speaking of hand signals, I saw a few
who trade in the Merc's pits, the farmers
riding in here. [Laughter] They have a nice
who work the fields by day and the com-
way here of making one feel at home.
puters by night, arbitrageurs in London,
1798
Administration of George Bush, 1991 / Dec. 10
1 very, very
and investors the world over, these people
And, again, I salute Sam Skinner for his
swap ideas, information, dreams, and dares,
leadership as our Secretary of Transporta-
downstairs,
and they fire an economy. Their energy
tion on this important job-creating legisla-
ward to this
drives our Nation forward. They chart the
tion.
the upper
course through the international market-
Although both political parties will feel
e future, I
place.
tempted to engage in partisan warfare
e next cen-
A government that does not understand
when Congress comes back in January, re-
than you
ed and busy
the gritty fundamentals of business cannot
convenes, I will be calling upon the Demo-
understand how to help an economy grow.
crats and the Republicans to lay partisan-
ether of the
Ten years ago, many of you stood with us as
ship aside long enough to pass a clear,
the Reagan-Bush administration took on the
strong growth package. We owe it to the
st the inven-
old wisdom that government could solve
taxpayer; we owe it to those who have jobs,
defied the
everything and that business could flourish
and we owe it to those who don't have jobs
d that risk-
regardless of what burdens Washington
to get that done regardless of politics. And
Exchange
heaped upon it. We cut the taxes and
I'm going to do that, no matter that 1992 is
financial fu-
peeled away regulations, restrained spend-
a Presidential election year.
al Monetary
nal market-
ing, promoted free trade. And out of that
And I might say, being in his hometown,
came the longest peacetime economic ex-
I can work with Dan Rostenkowski, your
ffices before
pansion in the history of this country. While
friend and mine, who is chairman of the
of setting up
others may have sat back to enjoy their new
Ways and Means Committee. And if we had
eated Euro-
and I know
prosperity, you were a driving dynamic
more like him I believe we could have
here. You moved forward.
gotten these problems solved long, long
rsary yester-
You've stood with my administration as
ago.
ery proud of
we work to create the conditions for a more
In the post-cold war world-and you've
vibrant economy. I've asked Congress for 3
set the example on this one-we must
Ihrived. And
years to pass a series of growth initiatives,
thrive in the international marketplace. I
S to improve
job-creating initiatives. And the economy
am going to be meeting this weekend with
ew by more
has turned sluggish. People want action.
President Salinas. And I know he was up
ugh the ups
And I want action, action to help people,
visiting you all earlier this year. And the
e, you've op-
action to make things better now and in the
two of us are going to discuss trade matters
e's worth of
future.
in detail. And later this month I will pro-
xpayer. And
And our administration believes as you do
mote free and fair trade-read that, jobs—
wn without
that the solution lies in free markets for
with our allies in Japan and South Korea
ngle minute.
free people. We've promoted straightfor-
and Singapore, and also going down to Aus-
ntioned him
ward measures to invigorate the economy,
tralia. Free and fair trade means more jobs
hom, I sup-
such as cuts in the capital gains tax; banking
for Americans.
future. And
sional accom-
reform, inclusive banking reform legislation;
And we must not pull back into some
letting first-time homebuyers use these
isolationistic sphere listening to the siren's
his imagina-
IRA's for purchasing homes; a permanent
call of "America first." I learned that lesson
ou know, he
tax credit for R&D, for research and devel-
as a young kid just at the beginning of
His greatest
World War II, and I don't want to see this
tion thriller
opment, and so on.
bout Capitol
We pushed other initiatives to make the
country go back to "America first" and pro-
most of our human capital now and in the
tection. That will shrink markets and throw
thriller.
on Capitol
future: A revolution, for example, in Ameri-
people out of work. And we need to stand
can education; a tough crime package to
together against that call from the left and
d as if they
back up the police officers that we are sup-
against that call from the right to stay
net. And you
ported by every single day of our lives; a
within ourselves. We owe the world leader-
run just on
breathes on
tort reform bill up there that will put some
ship, and they're going to get it from this
caps on some of these mindlessly high set-
President.
tlements that are driving much of the in-
You know, the allegation is that I spend a
and women
dustry to its knees; and recently, a transpor-
lot of time on foreign affairs. I take great
the farmers
tation bill that will create jobs and provide
pride in some of the accomplishments
nd the com-
much needed repair for our roads and
we've made. I think America came together
in London,
bridges and infrastructure.
at Desert Storm, and we found a new sense
1799
Dec. 10 / Administration of George Bush, 1991
of confidence, a new spirit as a Nation. And
chairman emeritus of the exchange and
Per:
I'm not going to back away from that. I am
chairman of the Globex Corp. A tape was
N
proud that we're bringing parties that have
not available for verification of the content
P.
stood at each other's throats for years,
of these remarks.
Pert
bringing them together in the Middle East
Phil:
to talk some peace. I'm proud of the way
Poin
we've handled the evolution in the Soviet
13
Union. And right today it is extraordinarily
15
complicated.
Remarks to the Illinois Farm Bureau in
Poise
Chicago, Illinois
Pola:
But my point is, we cannot withdraw, we
Polis
can't pull back. You can't do it. You're en-
December 10, 1991
Pollt
gaged in the markets, and well you should
Porn
be, because that offers prosperity to the
Thank you, John, and to all the members,
Posta
American people as well as to others. And I
thank you. Thank you, John White, Gover-
Posta
don't think a President should pull back in
nor Edgar, and to Secretary Madigan, son of
Presi
the face of domestic criticism by some par-
Illinois, who is doing a superb job as our
140
tisans suggesting that we don't have to
Secretary of Agriculture. I'm glad he flew
Presi
Presi-
worry about our national security and that
out here with us. To Congressman Ewing,
Profe
we don't see that jobs stem from being en-
who will be flying back with us, I under-
Proje
gaged with foreign countries, instead of
stand, on Air Force One back to Washing-
me
being pulled back from engagement with
ton. We've welcomed him to the Congress
Public
foreign countries.
and proud he's there. To Enid Schlipf, who
plo:
So, I can do both. We can stay involved,
has been at my side today, and I'm grateful
Rador
work for world peace, enhance our national
for that, his counsel. We had a session, a
Real 1
security, and now drive forward to get this
listening session, getting counsel from busi-
Recor
economy moving by bipartisan action for
ness people, and it was most appropriate
Ban
growth, economic growth that means jobs
that Messrs. White and Schlipf were there.
Recyc
for the American people.
And to all of you ladies and gentlemen of
Fed
Years ago, Carl Sandburg described this
the Illinois Farm Bureau, thank you for that
Red L
city as "the hog butcher for the world."
Red R
warm reception and for your hospitality. I
That was the Chicago of another era, an-
feel that I've come to the right place. My
Refuge
other world. And today, Chicago serves the
Refuge
top priority is to get this country moving
Regula
pork belly's future, the currency's future,
faster and more confidently on the path of
emp
the future, period, of an international mar-
economic progress.
Religio
ketplace. And the one message I'd like to
I've had excellent visits this morning on
Repub
come out of this meeting here today and
the trading floors at the Merc and at the
1708
the other meetings I've had is that we are
Board of Trade. I lost 3 pounds in the proc-
Repub
the hub of the international market. And
ess just kind of working my way through
Repub
countries that are emerging into democracy
those hand signals. And it was wonderful.
Conj
Presi
are looking to us for leadership in terms of
And I had the privilege to have both John
State
making world markets. And nobody does it
and Enid, who are leaders of the Farm
spi
any better than the people right here in
Bureau, at my side during those sessions
Republ
this room.
and also, at Billy Goat's-{laughter}-I think
1409
Thank you very, very much. And now get
you guys were up there. It's a marvelous
Reserv
back to work and help us shape another
burger place here. But speaking of farming,
Ronald
American century. Thank you all. I'm glad
let me give you a little bit of historical trivia
Rural A
to be with you.
Ruth H
that will not send you into euphoria, but I
Ryder
always try to claim kinship with various
Note: The President spoke at 12:05 p.m. fol-
States. And my great-grandfather, David
Saint ]
lowing a tour of the trading floor. In his
Walker, grew up on a farm near Blooming-
South
remarks, he referred to John F. Sandner,
ton, Illinois. How about that one? Nobody's
Salary (
chairman of the board of governors of the
Scholar:
ever heard that before.
Chicago Mercantile Exchange; William J.
Science
But anyway, meeting with so many Illi-
Science
Brodsky, president and chief executive offi-
nois farmers and agribusiness leaders, I've
Resea
cer of the exchange; and Leo Melamed,
had a chance to talk face to face with some
Space
1800
Administration of George Bush, 1991 / Dec. 10
change and
A tape was
men and women who are leading the way.
isolationism and protectionism. They say
the content
You see, agriculture is a perennial export
they want to put "America first." You have
leader, and recently exports have been a
the common sense to recognize that Amer-
tremendous factor, a big factor in our over-
ica is first and will remain first only if we
all economic growth. And here's how im-
stay engaged in world markets and involved
portant that is: Every billion dollars in agri-
in world security. And as long as I am Presi-
cultural exports means approximately
dent, that's exactly what I intend to do.
1 Bureau in
25,000 American jobs.
American agriculture is productive and
American farmers understand how the
competitive because of its strong orienta-
world works. You know that taking a stand
tion to free markets. Our agriculture owes
for peace and stability abroad, supporting
much to such fundamentals as advancing
he members,
emerging democracies, developing free and
productivity, embracing new technologies,
Vhite, Gover-
fair international markets, will make our na-
moving forward to new frontiers in scientif-
digan, son of
tional economy much stronger. You know
ic research.
D job as our
what a determined American involvement
Rural America is a model of strength on
glad he flew
in global trade represents to the bottom
social issues that are vital to our future.
sman Ewing,
line. It means higher net farm income.
Thank God that family and family values
us, I under-
So first, I really wanted to thank, enthusi-
remain so important to agricultural Amer-
to Washing-
astically give thanks for the Farm Bureau's
ica. Farm communities, let's face it, they
the Congress
efforts to keep America a leader in world
face many hardships. But they always in-
Schlipf, who
commerce and world security. I know I
volve parents in the schools, and that
I'm grateful
speak for several hundred thousand young
always produces better students. With pro-
a session, a
service men and women in saying thank
grams such as 4-H and FFA, Future Farm-
el from busi-
you for all your support during Desert
ers of America, rural America takes a lead-
appropriate
Shield and thank you for all your support
ing role in our America 2000 strategy to
were there.
during Desert Storm. We are very, very
revolutionize, literally revolutionize our
gentlemen of
grateful. The Farm Bureau's leadership is vital to
education.
: you for that
I can't tell you how impressed I am also
hospitality. I
our progress for free and fair trade, no mis-
at how much most farmers know about
ht place. My
take about it. You made a big contribution
computers, not speaking for all of you, I
'ntry moving
to getting the North American free trade
understand, but some of you. But I've had
1 the path of
talks off and running. You've helped launch
enough trouble just finding the "on" switch
our Enterprise for the Americas Initiative
for trade and investment throughout the
on my computer, say nothing of getting the
morning on
cursor to move where and when I want it
2 and at the
Western Hemisphere. I can assure you, be-
to. But the point is this, anyone who doesn't
in the proc-
cause of your foresight, we can look forward
way through
to unprecedented prosperity and economic
appreciate the sophistication of the modern
farmer doesn't understand the modern
is wonderful.
security for hundreds of millions of North
ve both John
and South Americans from the Illinois prai-
farmer.
Last month, by the way-maybe some of
of the Farm
ries to the pampas of the Argentine.
Secretary Madigan and Ambassador Carla
you all were out there-but I spoke to
hose sessions
iter]-1 think
Hills are working to secure a solid agree-
18,000 of our best and brightest kids at the
a marvelous
ment for global trade at the Uruguay round
Future Farmers of America convention in
of the GATT negotiations. A successful
Kansas City. And let me tell you, I can't
g of farming,
storical trivia
GATT negotiation will literally revolution-
contain my excitement thinking about the
ize world agriculture trade, opening mar-
day when those young men and women
phoria, but I
kets and leveling the playing field for
become the leaders of our country. They
with various
ather, David
American exports. When we achieve this,
were bright and alert and patriotic and for-
ar Blooming-
we will owe an incalculable debt to the
ward-looking. And somebody, parents in
Farm Bureau who has always looked ahead
this room and across agricultural America
e? Nobody's
and never looked back on this important
are doing a wonderful job with these young
question of international trade.
men and women.
SO many Illi-
leaders, I've
And I might say, John, you're quite a con-
The guy that introduced me was so good,
ce with some
trast, this marvelous organization, to the
I thought he was getting ready to run
noisy voices that want to withdraw us into
against me. [Laughter] But anyway, you
1801
Dec. 10 / Administration of George Bush, 1991
natic
should have heard him. He's a real articu-
ital gains, no tax on capital gains on assets
)
I am
late dude.
held longer than 6 months. In Japan, an
am I
Another concern I know you share with
entrepreneur who sells the company that
this
me is the drug problem. The stakes here
he's built from scratch pays a tax of 1 per-
thriv
involve not just the economy but our deep-
cent. A capital gains tax cut will free up the
best
est social and moral well-being. Wherever I
capital that we need for growth. And it will
new
go in this country, I call attention to those
increase the value of land, of labor and cap-
Ma
who fight the drug war on the front lines. I
ital all at once by reducing the tax on suc-
the i
praise the businessmen and women who
cess. And I am going to keep on fighting
keep drugs out of their companies and the
very,
until we get that done.
neighborhood youth centers that keep teen-
Right now, we place entrepreneurs in a
Note:
agers off the streets. So, let me take this
lose-lose situation. When they risk money
opportunity right now to thank hundreds
the P
and effort on something that fails, they lose.
and thousands of Americans who don't get
referr
And when they risk money on a winner, we
mentioned often enough for their devotion
Schli₁
tax the capital gain, and they lose again. We
in running the strongest kind of drug-free
respec
have to put an end to this lose-lose ap-
workplaces. And I'm referring, again, to the
proach to the economy. A capital gains cut
moms and the dads and the grandparents
will stimulate investment and create jobs in
who run America's family farms.
Now, I know that sometimes times are
every sector. And quite frankly, it will re-
tough for America's farmer. And that's why
store some fundamental fairness to the way
Exch
we stand by our commitment to help ease
we treat farmers and the way we treat
Cabin
homeowners.
the pain caused by natural disasters. This
Decen
week I will be signing legislation to provide
Capital gains tax relief is but a part of our
drought and disaster relief. Many farmers in
program. Thanks to leadership from Illinois'
Soviet
Illinois and other States suffered unusually
own Sam Skinner, our soon-to-be Chief of
severe losses this year and last year. And
Staff, I expect soon to sign a transportation
In
Q. M
this legislation will provide much-needed
bill that creates new jobs while rebuilding
C
Soviet
assistance for hard-hit farmers. And I will
our roads and bridges. And I'm working for
Int
The
be delighted to sign it.
a research tax credit to help new technol-
situatic
Now, I know that the economic downturn
ogies create more jobs; working for new
And of
is hurting a lot of people in virtually every
IRA's to help the first-time homebuyer,
cratic E
sector. And I've heard from some tough,
stimulate that homebuilding market; and
of that.
optimistic people on my visit just today, but
for bank reform. We desperately need com-
out the
they didn't sugarcoat their message about
prehensive bank reform to help America
and-re
the pain and the problems the country is
compete in the 21st century and to help
And th
going through right now.
free up capital right now.
So, W
You and I know that we've got to do
We want our children's future to be
as thes
more to get the economy on the move, to
worthy of the dreams and sacrifices that
proposa
get confidence back. And I'm prepared to
built and sustained America as a great
the Rep
fight harder than ever for a series of growth
Nation. Back in 1862, in spite of his preoc-
think
t
initiatives. And when Members of Congress
cupation with the Civil War, our President
just go
go back to work in January, after Christmas,
established back then the U.S. Department
about. S
they'll hear from me in no uncertain terms.
of Agriculture. Abraham Lincoln revered
I'll b
My growth initiatives will give Americans
the American farmer. He believed deeply
Secreta
the freedom and incentive to get higher
and stated eloquently that a strong Ameri-
ing abo
yields from their efforts. A top priority, and
can agriculture was the key to preserving
that ar
John referred to this, is to cut capital gains
our Nation's independence.
we wa
taxes. I know it's a top priority of the Farm
A century and a quarter later, the men
manita
Bureau, too, and I want to express my deep
and women of Illinois ag are worthy heirs
promo
thanks for your outstanding support on this
to Lincoln's vision. You and this organiza-
tion-}
ame.
initiative.
tion form a vital force for keeping America
tion
interes
Our high taxes, then, on capital gains are
strong and free. And I am looking forward
Japar
Madig
way out of line with the policies in other
to seeing some of you, many of you maybe,
terday
successful economies. Germany has no cap-
next month at the American Farm Bureau
1802
Administration of George Bush, 1991 / Dec. 11
pital gains on assets
national convention out in Kansas City. And
And then, of course, we have a keen in-
onths. In Japan, an
the company that
I am delighted to be with you today. And I
terest, the whole world does, in the nuclear
am proud to work with you to help keep
questions there. And frankly, assurances
pays a tax of 1 per-
this great country of ours growing and
have been pretty good there. I see no
cut will free up the
growth. And it will
thriving. I pledge to you I will do my level
reason to alarm the American people, but
d, of labor and cap-
best to lead this country to new growth and
it's something that we're following extraor-
:ing the tax on suc-
new opportunity.
dinarily closely, and we are in touch. And I
May God bless you and may God bless
feel that the thing to do now is just to go
o keep on fighting
the United States of America. Thank you all
forward with the plan of the Secretary and
see where it comes out.
entrepreneurs in a
very, very much.
But we can't make any predictions on the
a they risk money
evolution of all of this. That's their business.
that fails, they lose.
Note: The President spoke at 1:45 p.m. at
the Palmer House Hotel. In his remarks, he
Our interests are as I stated in here: De-
ey on a winner, we
they lose again. We
referred to John White, Jr., and Enid
mocracy, market reform, humanitarian as-
this lose-lose ap-
Schlipf, president and former vice president,
sistance, the nuclear question, and peace,
A capital gains cut
respectively, of the Illinois Farm Bureau.
peaceful evolution of all of this.
and create jobs in
Capital Gains Tax Cut
frankly, it will re-
Q. Mr. President, you made clear yester-
ᶜairness to the way
day you're going to keep fighting for a cap-
he way we treat
Exchange With Reporters in the
ital gains tax cut-
Cabinet Room
The President. Yes. I will keep on fight-
IS but a part of our
ing
rship from Illinois'
December 11, 1991
Q. Are you going to, have you got any
on-to-be Chief of
other
n a transportation
Soviet Union
The President. for that. But now
while rebuilding
Q. Mr. President, who is in charge in the
we've got to get to work in the Cabinet, so
d I'm working for
Soviet Union at this point?
thank you.
elp new technol-
The President. Well, we're following that
Q. But, sir, do you have any other ideas
working for new
situation very closely in the Soviet Union.
to jumpstart the economy?
time homebuyer,
And of course, our main interest is in demo-
The President. We'll be talking about
ing market; and
cratic and market reform, the continuation
that, as I said yesterday-at the time I said
rately need com-
of that. They are going to sort these matters
yesterday, too. So, we'll just keep working
to help America
out themselves. We will support democrat
on it.
ury and to help
and-reformers wherever they are there.
And that means at all levels, incidentally.
Note: The President spoke at 10:35 a.m. In
's future to be
his remarks, he referred to Secretary of
So, we are watching it very closely. And
d sacrifices that
State James A. Baker III and Robert S.
as these dramatic changes take place or
rica as a great
Strauss, U.S. Ambassador to the Soviet
proposals come forward, that's a matter for
bite of his preoc-
Union. A tape was not available for verifi-
the Republics and the center to sort out. I
ir, our President
cation of the content of this exchange.
think the answer to that question, you've
J.S. Department
just got to look at where you're talking
Lincoln revered
about. So, we'll let that evolve.
believed deeply
I'll be meeting this afternoon with the
a strong Ameri-
Secretary and our Ambassador and be talk-
Remarks at a Fundraising Luncheon for
y to preserving
ing about Jim's upcoming trip, the reasons
Senator Frank H. Murkowski
that are clearly of vital interest to us. One,
later, the men
December 11, 1991
we want this humanitarian question, hu-
re worthy heirs
1 this organiza-
manitarian aid, to go forward in order to
Frank, thank you, and good luck. Thank
promote peaceful reform. That's a ques-
you for that very nice welcome. To you all
eeping America
tion-besides that, we've got just a plain
assembled, my thanks to you. And, Nancy,
ooking forward
interest in seeing that people are fed. Ed
Barbara and I send our very best wishes,
of you maybe,
Farm Bureau
Madigan and I were talking about this yes-
not just for the holiday season but for
terday on the way to Chicago.
what's over the horizon for you and that
1803
Week Ending Friday, September 27, 1991
Remarks at the Annual National
you work up a little more enthusiasm?"
onvention of the United States
And you saw it today. But he's doing a
ispanic Chamber of Commerce in
great job for us as Secretary of Housing and
Chicago, Illinois
Urban Development. His concept, our con-
September 20, 1991
cept, of tenant management and home
ownership offers really hope to millions.
Thank you very much. And I really want
But then, Jack and all our administration
to thank you for that warm reception here.
believe in the greatest and most visionary
First, may I salute two Secretaries of my
of American ideals, the ideal of real equali-
Cabinet, Secretary Lujan, who many of you
ty, ensuring that people can go as far as
have known over the years, is with us today;
their abilities and their hard work will take
and also Secretary Sam Skinner, who just
them.
came in with us from California, a son of
Five centuries ago, men crossed the great
Kravchuk-
Chicago in a sense, and doing a great job as
ocean and brought Hispanic America into
Secretary of Transportation.
being. Ever since then, we have called the
May I also thank the Governor of the
combination of European and American
tions-1344
State, Jim Edgar; and the mayor of this
peoples on these vast lands not a new terri-
great city, Mayor Daley, for greeting me at
tory, not a new colony, not a new settle-
ment. We've called it a new world.
the airport here and welcoming us to Illi-
nois and to Chicago. And this is, as I view it,
Hispanic America arose out of risk and
certainly not a partisan gathering, and I
romance. Several forces fed its growth:
h-1345
think their both showing up together, side-
transoceanic trade, the movement and min-
1346
by-side, was a manifestation of that. [Laugh-
gling of peoples, the grand enterprise of
1322
ter]
discovery and development. On September
31
20, this very date, but in 1519, Magellan
But may I thank José, José Niño, who just
and his party set sail from Spain to sail
introduced me, your very able president;
around the globe. Next month we begin a
ers
abe Aguirre, the outgoing chairman. And
year of commemoration leading to the
Vank you all, ladies and gentleman, for,
500th anniversary of Columbus' daring jour-
once again, that very warm welcome. Let
-1355
ney.
eleases-1354
me congratulate my fellow Texan, Delia
We must not think of these achievements
nouncements-
Reyes, your newly elected chair. And
as somehow antique and irrelevant. Fron-
warmest greetings to the many dignitaries
nate-1354
tiers don't close when men settle the wil-
that are here.
derness, when they build cities and factories
I'm here a little later than originally
and schools. Subtle but braver adventures
scheduled. Would you believe we experi-
confront advanced civilizations: the adven-
enced a slight flight delay? [Laughter] I
tures of creating families, educating chil-
know it happens all the time. We had to
dren, knowing that no matter how hard or
circle the city while Michael Jordan prac-
how comfortable our circumstances, we
ticed takeoffs and landings out here.
must make our world better. In the life of
[Laughter] And there's a second reason, too,
the Americas, in our mission of discovery
if I may be candid. I know you've just heard
and development, 1492 was only yesterday.
Jack Kemp speak, and I thought you'd want
How true this is in the case of commerce.
to catch your breath for a little bit. [Laugh-
Voyagers charted the trade routes of the
ter]
Americas centuries ago, but we've only now
mittee of the Federal
R 23607; 1 CFR Part
If you're still feeling winded, it's my fault.
begun to explore their full potential.
It goes back to our first Cabinet meeting,
Your convention theme sings with this
erintendent of Docu-
and I asked Jack, "Can't you generate, can't
spirit: "Launching New Partnerships."
nents will be furnished
ngton, DC 20402. The
0 per year ($96.00 for
TS for $68.75 per year,
1319
nts, Government Print
arge for a single copy
lication of material
:idential Documents.
Sept. 20 / Administration of George Bush, 1991
America's more than 400,000 Hispanic-
quadrupled. Exports of iron and steel
owned firms provide new jobs and generate
which were running a $12-million defic
new wealth. In 1987, the latest date for
just 4 years ago, now are achieving a $30
these statistics, our Hispanic-owned busi-
million surplus. And this rise in exports cre
nesses pumped nearly $25 billion into our
Sta
ated almost 300,000 jobs in the United
economy and created half a million jobs.
States. Each additional $1 billion in exports
You believe in yourselves, in your abili-
will translate into nearly 20,000 American
ties, your determination, your excellence.
ent
jobs.
Because you believe in yourselves, you
por
But these reforms, it's not a one-way
fre
helped our administration get congressional
street, these reforms have helped Mexico, a
approval to extend our Fast Track proce-
classic win-win situation, if you will. Fidel
blind
dures for trade negotiations. Armed with
Velazquez Sanchez, the head of the Mexi-
day
that powerful tool-and as you heard this
can Labor Confederation, recognizes that
thi
morning from an able team from three
increased trade will create new jobs,
what
countries-we are negotiating a North
indeed, new industries in Mexico, and he
des
American free trade agreement.
strongly supports the trade agreement.
sph
I might say that Mexico, under President
Salinas, has been a powerful leader and ally.
What's good for Hispanic America will be
And I would also say that relationships be-
good for the United States. And with open
a
tween Mexico and the United States have
trade, by the year 2000, United States firms
never in history been better. And that is in
will be doing a robust business with dynam-
rie
ic economy of 100 million Mexican consum-
ed
the best interests of the United States of
America. When we complete that accord,
ers.
The prospects seem equally exciting
spl
and I'm confident we will, we'll build a free
trade zone that ranges from the Yukon to
south of Mexico, too. We've heard a lot
in
the Yucatan, "a market of 360, get the
about the Mexican free trade agreement.
figure, 360 million consumers and a present
We've heard about the negotiations. They
are our friendly neighbors on the borde
og
annual output of $6 trillion.
When we seal the free trade agreement,
and we ought to-parenthetically I mig
Hispanic-owned firms in the United States
say, we should never just take those frien
will enjoy strong natural advantages. Bonds
for granted, whether it be to our north or
be
of family, language, understanding the cul-
to our south. We are blessed by peaceful
ture, already cherished in the families rep-
borders. But we're already advancing cre-
resented here today, all of these will gain
ative plans now to reduce debt, boost in-
value as business assets.
vestment, and increase trade. We've now
Because you believe in yourselves, you
signed framework trade liberalization
also have supported our Enterprise for the
agreements involving 28 countries in the
Americas Initiative, aiming to establish a
hemisphere. So, it's not just Mexico. But we
network of expanded trade, investment,
need your help:
and cooperation from Hudson Bay to the
Congress still has failed to give us debt
Straits of Magellan.
reduction authority and funding and to give
The North American free trade agree-
us the ability to contribute to the Multilat-
ment and the Enterprise for the Americas
eral Investment Fund. This would help
Initiative incorporate the great lesson of our
stimulate investment and build stable de-
the
age: trade and enterprise can build wealth
mocracies within our hemisphere. So
and preserve freedom. Protectionism and
please, speak out in support of the Enter-
Government control only create poverty
prise for the Americas Initiative. And join
tid
and backwardness, and yes, a denial of free-
me in urging Congress to pass the legisla-
dom.
tion to put it into full effect. Enterprise for
Consider the case of Mexico. Since 1986,
the Americas is not a slogan. It will
when Mexico joined the GATT and
strengthen democracy and freedom in
dropped tariff rates from 100 percent, 100
those friendly countries south of the Rio.
percent, to little more than 10 percent, U.S.
Grande, and it will be good for America
exports to Mexico have more than doubled.
exports, and that means it will be good
Exports of automobiles and auto parts have
American jobs.
1320
Administration of George Bush, 1991 / Sept. 20
id steel,
Our efforts to expand U.S. exports will
leaders to help reinvent American educa-
n defir-
another boost when my friend, José
tion.
g a $30
artingz, becomes Director of the United
To further this goal, I have announced
ports cre-
States Trade and Development Program.
the membership of the President's Advisory
e United
And of course, one more event will dem-
Commission on Educational Excellence for
in exports
onstrate to one and all that we really have
Hispanic Americans. Chicago's own Andrés
American
entered into a new era of freedom and op-
Bande, CEO of Ameritech International,
portunity. I'm speaking of Cuba's becoming
will chair the panel, and its work will play a
free and democratic.
one-way
major role in unleashing the America 2000
Mexico, a
Today we hear the creaking and crum-
revolution in education.
will. Fidel
bling of that Castro dictatorship. And the
I understand Andres is here today, and
the Mexi-
day is coming. I'm absolutely convinced of
I'd like him to stand up, right there. Thank
nizes that
this, sooner than Castro dares to believe,
you for undertaking this. This is important
new jobs,
when the people of Cuba will reclaim their
work he's about to be engaged in. And I
'O, and he
destiny and rejoin the Western Hemi-
know, on his behalf, I'd like to solicit your
sphere's family of free nations.
ment.
And if we want to make our hemisphere
ideas and your full cooperation.
rica will be
Let me close with a few comments on a
a neighborhood of peoples, we must do
with open
more than lift economic and political bar-
concept we talked about earlier, develop-
States firms
riers. Our administration also has promoted
ment. It's a term of art, of course, in inter-
ith dynam-
national economics. We tend to use "devel-
educational and cultural exchanges between
an consum-
our country and our neighbors in the hemi-
oping country" as a sort of fuzzy euphe-
sphere. As in commerce, the natural leaders
mism for "poverty," for a nation short on
ly exciting
material or financial wealth.
in this enterprise will be Hispanic Ameri-
heard a lot
But when we use the term "develop-
cans.
agreement.
You see, something more than mere ge-
ment" in this way, we forget its deeper
ations. They
ography unites us. Common cultural roots
meaning. Isn't the United States-must it
the borde
able us all to seek a shared destiny for
not be still "developing"? For all our
ally I mig
hemisphere, for ourselves.
present wealth, can we afford to become
those frien
And I want to thank the Hispanic Cham-
static or stagnant? And if we're not giving
our north or
ber of Commerce for its endorsement of
our children a moral and intellectual inher-
by peaceful
our America 2000 education strategy. I am
itance as good as our parents gave us, are
vancing cre-
grateful for your initiatives to teach eco-
we a "developed" society?
bt, boost in-
nomics and entrepreneurship to our kids,
I think again of the explorers on our con-
We've now
beginning in the kindergarten. And now, if
tinent five centuries ago. Some were wise,
liberalization
only someone could do the same for econo-
some were foolish. And we remember the
ntries in the
mists, I think we'd be in pretty good shape
effort wasted in trying to find the imaginary
exico. But we
around here. [Laughter]
Seven Cities of Gold. And those adventur-
America 2000, like our economic propos-
ers were not just looking in the wrong
give us debt
als, begins with an article of faith: We be-
place; they were searching for the wrong
ng and to give
lieve that parents care about their children,
treasure. The treasure was, and is, in men
the Multilat-
care about education, and can help find
and women, in "human resources," in mind
would help
schools that will help their children reach
and muscle and soul. And these, not un-
ild stable de-
their potential. So, we want to expand pa-
earned bonanzas, build civilizations.
misphere. So
rental choice so that parents will have as
Our work never ends. That's the key to
of the Enter-
much choice in the crucial matter of educa-
life's excitement. In these hopeful times, as
tive. And join
tion as they now have when they wish to
we tear down economic barriers and liber-
ass the legisla-
purchase peanut butter.
ate ourselves from ideological confines, we
Enterprise for
And if we want to make the most of our-
must continue supplying our own sons and
logan. It will
selves, we must invite competition and
our own daughters with the values, the fun-
freedom in
show just how well we can do.
damentals, of a good society. Together, I
th of the Rio_
America 2000 will enable Hispanic com-
know that we shall.
for America
unities to draw upon their natural
You know, the longer I'm in the White
ill be good
ssngths and values. And it will enable par-
House and privileged to serve as President
ents, teachers, and yes, church and business
of the United States, and the more Barbara
1321
G
Sept. 20 / Administration of George Bush, 1991
Sl
and I discuss these enormous problems that
Proclamation 6337-National Hispanic
OF
Mayor Daley confronts in his excellent way
Heritage Month, 1991
every day, or Jim Edgar, the Governor of
Wi
September 20, 1991
this State, confronts in his very effective
way as Governor, the more we contemplate
By the President of the United States
OF
those problems and the more I look at this
of America
Pe
great country of ours that I'm privileged to
lead at this point in history, and I must say
A Proclamation
it's a very exciting point, the more Barbara
When we speak of our Hispanic heritage,
and I conclude that family is absolutely es-
we speak of more than one particular set of
sential to our success. We have got to stay
customs and traditions. Indeed, the Hispan
involved, we have got to stay fundamentally
ic American heritage can be traced back to
involved. And when I speak to this group,
many different lands-to places as far-flung
it's almost like preaching to the choir be-
as Cuba, Mexico, Spain, and Peru. Never-
cause I think if you exemplify one of the
theless, Americans of Spanish and Latin
prime values and principles that this group
American descent share a great sense of
and, indeed, Hispanic American culture all
pride in the deep cultural and historical ties
across our country exemplifies, is love of
that exist between them.
family and its faith and its conviction about
Rich and varied, the Hispanic American
our great country, the freest and fairest on
heritage is as old as the story of America
the face of the Earth.
itself. Daring Spanish navigators who ex-
So, thank you very much for letting me
plored the New World nearly half a millen-
come by and visit this highly successful con-
nium ago were the first Europeans to estab-
lish settlements in what is now United
vention. And let me tell you that it's a great
joy to be back with you again. And may
States territory. In fact, by 1565-almost
God bless our great country. Thank you
half a century before British colonists
very very much.
landed at Jamestown-the Spanish had
tablished a permanent settlement at Sax)
Augustine, Florida. Traders and missionaries
followed in the wake of explorers such as
Note: The President spoke at 1:45 p.m. at
Coronado, Ponce de León, and Álvar
the Hyatt Regency Hotel. In his remarks, he
Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, helping to open the
referred to Secretary of the Interior Manuel
American Southwest to further settlement
Lujan, Jr.; Secretary of Transportation
and development.
Samuel K. Skinner; Governor James Edgar
Making use of the land's resources
of Illinois; Richard M. Daley, mayor of Chi-
through farming, ranching, and mining,
cago; José Niño, president and chief execu-
Spanish peoples shaped much of the West-
tive officer of the United States Hispanic
ern frontier. Thriving communities took
Chamber of Commerce; Gabriel E. Aguirre,
root around many Spanish missions, and
former chairman of the board of the His-
today cities such as San Diego, Los Angeles,
panic Chamber of Commerce; Delia Reyes,
San Antonio, and Santa Fe continue to bear
chairman; Michael Jordan, member of the
evidence of their celebrated past. However,
Chicago Bulls basketball team; Secretary of
over the years, Hispanic Americans have
Housing and Urban Development Jack
made vital contributions in communities
Kemp; President Salinas de Gortari of
across the country and in virtually every
Mexico; Fidel Velazquez Sanchez, union
field of endeavor.
leader of the Mexican Labor Confederation;
Today Hispanic Americans are our Na-
José E. Martinez, Director of the Trade and
tion's fastest growing minority. The number
Development Program; President Fidel
of Hispanics in this country grew by 53 per-
Castro Ruz of Cuba; and Andrés Bande,
cent during the past decade, up from 14.6
CEO of Ameritech International. These re-
million to 22.4 million. This means that HIC
marks were not received in time for publi-
panics now constitute about 9 percer
cation in the appropriate issue.
our population.
'es
1322
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
(Chicago, Illinois)
For Immediate Release
March 3, 1992
REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT
TO THE 50TH ANNUAL CONVENTION OF THE
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF EVANGELICALS
The Hyatt Regency O'Hare Hotel
Chicago, Illinois
11:57 A.M. CST
THE PRESIDENT: Thank you for that welcome. And to Dr.
Johnson, Dr. Billy Melvin, Don Argue, Dave Rambo, Bob Dugan, my
sincere thanks, not just to you all, to everyone up here, but to all
of you for that very warm welcome.
And I'd like to open, if I may, on a personal note -- to
thank you for the help that you've given me over the years. And I'm
not really referring to the fine work that your team in Washington
has been doing, although they've been of great help to our
administration advancing the values we share. Nor am I thinking only
of the wonderful work you do in world relief and in helping people
around this world, which is superb work. But my thanks are really
more personal than that, and Barbara and I particularly want to thank
you for your prayers.
As I said many times before, prayer always has been
important in our lives, and without it, I really am convinced, more
and more convinced, that no man -- or no woman, eventually -- who has
the privilege of serving in the presidency could carry out their
duties without prayer. I think of Lincoln's famous remark: "I've
been driven many times to my knees by the overwhelming conviction
that I had nowhere else to go."
The intercessionary prayers that so many Americans make
on behalf of the President of the United States -- in this instance,
on behalf of me, and also of my family -- they inspire us and they
give us strength. And I just wanted you to know that -- and Barbara
and I are very, very grateful to you.
I am delighted to have this opportunity to speak to this
most prestigious meeting, to speak with you today on the occasion of
your 50th anniversary. Your theme -- "Forward in Faith" -- and that
says as much about your movement, much about what evangelicals have
brought to America over its lifetime. Evangelicals point our country
toward the future, and with the diligence and hard work and
confidence that only a firm faith can provide. In so many crucial
ways, your concerns are the concerns of your countrymen.
We agree on the big issues that shape the world, and on
the values -- on the values so close to home. I'm talking about
jobs, obviously; about family; about world peace, for ourselves, and
I guess even more important, for our kids, for the generations coming
along.
And we agree that we must speak out against racial
bigotry and against anti-Semitism. And as I stressed in my state of
the Union address, it's especially critical in these days of economic
difficulty to point out that racial bigotry and anti-Semitism simply
have no place in America. (Applause.)
MORE
- 2 -
You want, as all Americans do, safe streets for your
children. You want schools where your children can receive the
finest possible education, to prepare them for a life of industry and
good citizenship and faith in God. And I believe that means that you
are entitled to choose your children's schools. (Applause.)
You want a government that understands the limited role
that it must play in a nation of free men and women; a government
that promotes economic growth and opportunity; a government that
spends your tax money for the common good, and for the common good
alone.
And you want for yourselves and your country that most
precious of gifts -- peace on Earth. You understand that peace comes
not from vacillation and weakness, but from clarity of purpose and
from strength. The last time a President came before you, I note
that it is almost eight years to the day, our country was nearing the
climax of a titanic struggle, the Cold War.
President Reagan spoke to you then of what America must
do to win this hard and bitter peace. Like you, President Reagan and
I understood that the Cold War wasn't simply some mundane competition
between rival world powers. It was a struggle for the mind of man.
On one side was a system dedicated to denying the life
of the spirit and celebrating the omnipotence of the state. On the
other was a system founded on a profound truth -- that our Creator
has endowed his children with inalienable rights that no government
can deny. (Applause.)
And now, eight years later, we can say confidently,
Americans won the cold War. We won it by standing for what's right.
Tonight our children and grandchildren -- and I take great joy in
this -- tonight our children and our grandchildren will go to their
beds untroubled by the fears of nuclear holocaust that haunted two
generations of Americans. In our prayers we asked for God's help. I
know our family did, and I expect all of you did. We asked for God's
help. And now in this shining outcome, in this magnificent triumph
of good. over evil, we should thank God. We should give thanks.
(Applause.)
BY the way, I notice from your Washington newsletter
that recently even Time Magazine called the old Soviet Union an evil
empire. Now they tell us. (Laughter.) I think you will recall only
a few years ago when -- many of you know this -- about the time when
Bill Graham went to the soviet Union. And he came back and told a
lot of people, told us of the people's hunger for religion. And some
did not believe him then. Nobody here doubted that. But some across
our country simply could not believe that. But now, no one doubts
him. I know evangelicals understood this all along.
our victory in the Cold War came from the kind of work
performed by people here in this room. Many of you -- many of you
bravely brought Bibles behind the Iron Curtain, sharing the word of
God with people who longed for it. And through your World Relief
Corporation and other enterprises, you helped resettle thousands who
were fleeing oppression. Many evangelicals risked their lives to
bring theological training where such training was forbidden.
And now in the free countries of the former communist
bloc your work continues, to ensure that the vacuus left by
communism's demise is filled by faith. You and I both know there is
more to do in the cause of religious freedom, and you have my full
support in that effort. (Applause.) Rest assured: Our country --
indeed, the world -- will be forever grateful for what you have done.
MORE
- 3 -
Americans are the most religious people on Earth. And
we have always instinctively sensed that God's purpose was bound up
with the cause of liberty. The Founders understood this. As
Jefferson put it: "Can the liberties of a nation be thought secure
when we have removed their only firm basis, a conviction in the minds
of the people that these liberties are the gift of God?"
That conviction is enshrined in our Declaration of
Independence and in our Constitution. And it's no accident that in
drafting our Bill of Rights, the Founders dedicated the first portion
of our First Amendment to religious liberty. We rightly emphasize
the opening clause of that amendment, which forbids government from
establishing religion. In fact, I believe the establishment clause
has been a great boon to our country's religious life. One reason
religion flourishes in America is that worship can never be
controlled by the state.
But in recent times we have too often ignored the clause
that follows, which forbids government from prohibiting the free
exercise of religion. (Applause.) This myopia has in some places
resulted in an aggressive campaign against religious belief itself.
Some people seem to believe that freedom of religion requires
government to keep our lives free from religion. Well, I believe
they're just plain wrong. (Applause.)
Our government was founded on faith. Government must
never promote a religion -- of course; but it is duty-bound to
promote religious liberty. And it must never put the believer at a
disadvantage because of his belief. (Applause.) That is the
challenge that our administration has undertaken. To be succinct --
it is my conviction that children have a right to voluntary prayer in
the public schools. (Applause.)
And we must hold the line on state intervention in other
areas as well. Two years ago, for example, we were in a tough fight
on Capitol Hill over child care legislation. But with the invaluable
help of your group and of other pro-family organizations, we kept
choice of child care out of the hands of the government bureaucrats
and kept it where it belongs -- in the hands of the parents.
(Applause.)
And you remember the fight, but we were determined to
help families get the kind of child care they want, and that included
church-based care. And that's the way the law is now, and that's the
way it should be. (Applause.)
And we will continue to fight for the parents' right to
choose their children's schools. school choice is at the heart of
America 2000, our strategy to literally revolutionize American
education. All parents -- rich or poor -- must have the right to
choose the kind of education their children will receive. And as
I've said many times, that must include religious-based schools.
(Applause.)
For many years Americans saw another disturbing trend.
Judges, legislating from the bench, steadily expanded the power of
government over the lives of ordinary Americans. Today, I am happy
to report to you that that trend 16 over. over the past three years
I have appointed more than 160 judges who understand the limits of
government and the rights of parents; judges who punish criminals,
not honest cops out trying to do their jobs. And I am very proud of
the two fine men who have taken their place on the Supreme Court
since I've been President -- Justice David Souter and Justice
Clarence Thomas. (Applause.)
We must do everything in our power to preserve the
institution that nurtures faith, the family. And I am firmly
convinced that our greatest problems today -- from drugs and welfare
MORE
- 4 -
dependency to crime and moral breakdown -- spring from the
deterioration of the American family. (Applause.)
And too often overweening government has aided the
tragedy. Recently I announced a new commission to isolate the causes
of the family's decline. And I did that after meeting with
Democratic mayors and Republican mayors from the National League of
Cities -- some from big cities, some from small -- all saying what
I've just said. The fundamental problem is the decline of the family
when you look at these urban problems. I think you'll agree that I
found the right man to lead the commission: your Layman of the Year
last year, Governor John Ashcroft of the state of Missouri.
(Applause.) John knows the importance that we place on strengthening
-- on strengthening the families. Families must come first in
America.
We must always guard against laws that weaken the
family, weaken traditional values. And at the same time, we can take
positive steps to strengthen them. Here's an example that will begin
to address the real costs of child-rearing: I have asked Congress to
increase the child tax exemption by $500 per child, and I want the
Congress to do it now.
We're also waging war against the forces that would tear
the family apart. In 1990 alone, our agents from the FBI and Customs
and Postal Inspection Service won 245 convictions against the smut
merchants who deal in child pornography. These creatures have been
put on notice: There is no place in America for this horrifying
exploitation of children. (Applause.)
Faith, family -- these are the values that sustain the
greatest nation on Earth. And to these values we must add the
infinitely precious value of life itself. Let me be clear: I
support the right to life. (Applause.)
Six times the Congress has sent me legislation
permitting federal funding of abortion, and six times I've told them
no and vetoed these bills. (Applause.) Now we've got another fight.
The Democratic Congress has opened up yet another front in this
battle. Tomorrow, they will begin hearings on new legislation, and
they call it the "freedom of choice act." And it would impose on all
50 states an unprecedented regime of abortion on demand going well
beyond even Roe versus Wade. It would block many state laws
requiring that parents be told about abortions being performed on
their young daughters -- even though the Supreme Court has upheld
such laws five times. It would override state laws restricting
sex-selection abortions. And it would severely limit the state's
ability to impose meaningful restrictions on abortions performed in
the eighth or even the ninth month of pregnancy. This is not right.
And it will not become law as long as I am President of the United
States of America. (Applause.)
Lincoln once said, "My concern is not whether God is on
our side, but whether we are on God's side." (Applause.) As
President I have often spoken of service -- not simply public
service, but personal service, one human being coming to the aid of
another. And I'm always reminded of a phrase from the Book of Common
Prayer: "Oh, God whose service is freedom." We must be
sustained by the confidence that in serving others -- in promoting
the values of faith and family and life, we serve Him as well. It is
this confidence that will enable us to move our country forward in
faith, and -- remember -- one nation under God.
Thank you, and may God bless you and your wonderful
work. And thank you for having me with you. (Applause.)
END
12:18 P.M. CST
Pacers vs. Bulls
Illinois St. ties
Indiana's bad boy has been
a missing Person at end of
Bulls' aide eye
2 of the teams' last 3 games
Page 76
Chuck Person
Marshall girls
Sports Tuesc
PAGE 80
CHICAGO SUN-TIMES
Cubs pay
Ryno stays
UBS
Wi
fro
SUN-TIMES/Phil Velasquez
Ryne Sandberg and wife Cindy have multimillion-dollar smiles Monday after his contract extention is announced.
Sandberg's talk with Cook key to richest deal
THE NUMBERS
By Toni Ginnetti
Mariotti and Van Dyck
Staff Writer
columns; Pages 78-79.
Ryne Sandberg's $28.4 million, four-year
MESA, Ariz.-Ryne Sandberg
contract extension (his 1992 base salary is
came thisclose to eventual free
future as a Cub in doubt.
$2.1 million under the existing contract):
agency. Instead, he came away
Sandberg, 32, called Cubs presi-
Signing bonus: $3.5 million.
with a $28.4 million contract exten-
dent Stanton R. Cook to ask for a
sion Monday.
private meeting at the Hilton Pa-
For personal services: $2 million.
Hours before he became base-
vilion among the two men and
1993-96 salary: $5.1 million a year.
ball's highest-paid player, Sand-
Sandberg's wife, Cindy, in a last-
Option year: Club option for $5.9 million (or
berg made a call that salvaged
ditch attempt to save the talks.
$2.5 million buyout payment) for 1997 season.
negotiations and bridged an im-
"It [negotiations] would have
passe that threatened to leave his
Turn to Page 78
Sandberg not met privately
Continued from Back Page
after an afternoon and eve-
ning of futile negotiations
been dead at midnight,"
THE TOP GUYS
Sunday among agent Jim
Sandberg said an hour after
Turner, Cook, Tribune Co.
signing the pact worth at
labor counsel Dennis Ho-
The top contracts with average annual values, including
least $30.5 million in the
merin, Cubs general man-
all guaranteed income but not potential incentive bonuses.
next five years-including
ager Larry Himes and vice
the $2.1 million on the last
president of baseball ad-
No. Player
Team
Years
Avg. salary
year of his old contract-
ministration Ned Colletti.
that makes him baseball's
"What that talk did was
$$$$$
1. Ryne Sandberg
Cubs
1993-96
$7,100,000
richest player.
leave the door open for this
2. Bobby Bonilla
Mets
1992-96
$5,800,000
"It would have been dead.
morning [Monday] to get
I was very discouraged.
everyone together," Sand-
3. Jack Morris
Jays
1992-93
$5,425,000
"We felt it was important
berg said of his session with
Ryne Sandberg
to go talk to Mr. Cook. We
Cook. "We talked about
$7,100,000
4. Roger Clemens
Red Sox
1992-95
$5,380,250
called him and asked if we
where he [Cook] was com-
5. Dwight Gooden
Mets
1992-94
$5,150,000
could talk to him."
ing from and his responsi-
That 1 a.m. conversation
bilities to the organization
might have assured the
and the company. There
Cubs second baseman will
was definitely a 'give' on the
SANDBERG'S NUMBERS
spend nearly his entire ca-
[Sandberg midnight] dead-
reer in Chicago, all but 13
$$$$$
Bobby Bonilla
line. It was Mr. Cook's idea
$5,800,000
A look at the major league totals and yearly salaries for
games he played for the
we meet again at 8 a.m."
baseball's highest-paid player. Salary Includes signing bo-
Phillies in 1981. That's a
As that meeting con-
nuses and Incentive money.
rarity in the game that finds
vened, "a significant gap" in
Sandberg at the top of an
"years and dollars" re-
Year
Club
Avg.
AB
R
ever-escalating pay scale.
mained between the two
H HR RBI
Salary
Sandberg's pact calls for:
sides, Turner said.
Jack Morris
1981
Phillies
.167
6
2
1
0
0
A signing bonus of $3.5
Sandberg joined the nego-
$5,425,000
$40,500
million, payable in Decem-
tiations at that point after
1982
Cubs
.271
635 103
172
7
54
$45,500
ber, as added compensation
he and Turner presented
the Cubs with one more res-
$7 MILLION AND COUNTING
1983
Cubs
.261
633
94
165
8
48
$180,000
to his current salary;
Four guaranteed years at
tructured proposal.
1984
Cubs
.314
636 114
200
19
84
$425,000
$5.1 million per year;
The Cubs countered with
Milestone contracts in major league history.
1985
Cubs
A $2 million personal ser-
.305
yet another compromise,
609 113
186
26
83
$525,000
vices payment to be paid
and negotiations progressed
Salary
Player
Team
Year
Length
1986
Cubs
.284
627
68
178
14
76
$675,000
over the life of the deal;
for 3½ more hours.
$1,000,000
An option year in 1997
Nolan Ryan
Astros
"What turned it around is
1979
4 years
1987
Cubs
.294
523
81
154
16
59
$760,000
worth $5.9 million if the
what usually does-both
$2,040,000
George Foster
Mets
1982
5 years
1988
Cubs
.264
618
77
163
19
69
team exercises the option or
parties realized what they
$875,000
a $2.5 million buyout if he
would lose," Turner said.
$3,000,000
Kirby Puckett
Twins
1989
3 years
1989
Cubs.
.290
606
104
176
30
76
$925,000
is not renewed.
Cook downplayed sugges-
$4,700,000
Jose Canseco
Athletics
1990
If Sandberg's option is re-
5 years
tions his meeting with the
1990
Cubs
.306
615
116
188
40
100
$1,625,000
newed in 1997, the total
Sandbergs saved the future
$5,380,250
Roger Clemens
Red Sox
1991
4 years
1991
Cubs
.291
585
104
170
26
100
$2,725,000
package will be worth $31.8
of the All-Star second base-
million rather than $28.4
$7,100,000
man with the team, though
Ryne Sandberg
Cubs
1992
4 years
Totals
288
6,093
976
1,753
205
749
$8,801,000
million. Sandberg would be
Sandberg called Cook's
37 at the expiration of the
presence "the key."
wanted and what we
him than dollars, but he
ic picture having an impact
option year.
Doug Drabek and outfield-
"I won't say it wouldn't
thought was appropriate."
admitted to being over-
on escalating salaries.
Either way, the package
have been resolved without
er Barry Bonds.
Sandberg-a nine-time
whelmed by his new worth.
"There will be players
There are concerns televi-
exceeds the record five-year,
the meeting," Cook said.
Gold Glove winner who
"I'm a little amazed," he
$29 million package the
caught in a tightening econ-
"It's just that negotiating is
sion money might decline
ranks among the team's all-
said. "It feels good. My face
omy," he said. "There will
New York Mets gave free
after contracts with CBS
a complicated and personal
time Top 10 in home runs,
will be sore today from the
be players who will have to
agent Bobby Bonilla.
process and we tried to un-
and ESPN expire after the
stolen bases, extra-base
smile."
use their best judgment" in
1993 season.
Sandberg didn't rule out
derstand the positions on
hits, runs, total bases, hits
negotiations.
playing beyond expiration
both sides.
and RBI-was considered
Sandberg joked about
CUBS NOTES: Ryne
of the new contract.
"It was appropriate for
Marquee players eligible
missing Monday's workout
one of the game's most un-
Sandberg's status as base-
"I plan to stay in good
for free agency at season's
me to re-state my desire
derpaid players.
while involved in the nego-
ball's highest-paid player
shape," he said. "I just
end include Cub pitcher
tiations. "That's the reason
to keep Ryne part of the
He had steadfastly main-
might not last long, but
don't know how many years
Greg Maddux, Baltimore
we carried it over another
team. Ryne had a good un-
tained the term of the con-
agent Jim Turner foresees
I can play."
shortstop Cal Ripken Jr.
derstanding of what he
day, to get a day off," he
tract was more important to
baseball's changing econom-
and Pittsburgh pitcher
said, smiling.
Opening OI IUIS
TUESDAY, MARCH 3, 1992
CHICAGO SUN-TIMES
Jay Mariotti
Cornered Cubbies made
only decision they could
B
aseball took another blind leap toward financial
500 corporation happens to be white. Skin pigmentation
ruin Monday, courtesy of the Tribune Co. This
never should be an issue, of course, but sports teams
time, though, no one should be outraged as much
can't help themselves. They know most top athletes in
as numbly resigned. When Bobby Bonilla signs for $29
this country are black. They know most paying custom-
million, sound the alarms. When Ryne Sandberg agrees
ers are white. So it is very important to hold on to any
to a deal that will guarantee him at least $30.5 million
white superstar, especially one who is polite, wholesome,
over the next five years, you just shrug and say he-
good-looking, hard-working, looks swell on a kid's bed-
gulp-deserves the going rate.
room wall and, most important, attracts a nationwide
He might have a baby face and a soft voice, but never
viewership on WGN.
has a double-knit terrorist had a club in such an
Always mindful of its Republican image, the Trib
inescapable corner. As much as you suspect new baseball
knew it couldn't lose this All-America commodity. Why
chief Larry Himes wanted to shake the Wrigley earth—
it took Cook and cohorts an entire winter to figure it
trade Sandberg and begin a fresh era-that realistically
out, I can't explain. With a little foresight, they could
wasn't an option. All the Cubs could do, knowing the
have locked Sandberg into a deal long ago and saved
city's emotional attach-
themselves millions. But
ment to beloved Ryno,
never accuse the Cubs of
was hand over the hid-
vision. Only hours before
H,
eous sums. After a week-
Sandberg's self-imposed
end of wrangling that
deadline of 12:01 a.m.
spilled into Monday
Monday, there were
morning, they finally
Cook and Trib attorney
granted a contract exten-
Dennis Homerin, rushing
sion that qualifies Sand-
to Arizona on airplanes.
berg as. this month's
Two hours after the
highest-paid ballplayer
witching hour, they still
ever.
weren't prepared to grant
Perspective is probably
Sandberg's wishes. There
the last thing you want,
were significant gaps in
E
but here it is anyway. In
length of service and
kick
1981, in what was consid-
money-"in that order,"
ered a blockbuster pur-
TIM
said Jim Turner, Sand-
chase, the Tribune paid
UBS
berg's agent-and the
6:15
$20.5 million for the en-
situation looked bleak. It
10
tire Cubs operation-
was then that Cook, the
equipment manager Yosh
2 p.
Trib Tower smoothie, de-
Kawano and all. One of
cided to have a moon-
5:10
these days, we hope and
light chat with the Mis-
6 p.
pray, owners will recog-
ter and Missus, the chat
nize their game is on a
6:20
that saved Ryno.
crash course to hell and
"After midnight, I was
6:30
stop the salary madness.
having a lot of doubts it
7 p.
But Monday wasn't the
would get done," Sand-
right day, and Sandberg
berg said. "But we had
7 p.
wasn't the proper guinea
our chat with Mr. Cook,
7:30
pig.
and that was very help-
8 p.
"It's something we
ful. It left the door open
wanted to do," said Stan-
8:30
until morning."
ton Cook, the corporate
Over coffee and grunts,
boss who approved the
the deal was done by
historic expenditure.
noon. Hideous as the
Had to do is more like
economics seem, it's a
it.
victory for Sandberg, for
Shc
The deal was a must
Chicago baseball fans
fact
because Ryne Sandberg is
and, yes, for the Cubs.
inst
Ryne Sandberg, the clos-
The money figures look
rant
est spiritual answer to Er-
like Michigan Avenue
(31:
nie Banks offered by the
now, but with the going
F:
post-modern Cubbie era.
salary curve, they prob-
and
In a chaotic, bumbling or-
ably will look like Gur-
con
ganization, he is the rock
SUN-TIMES/Phil Velasquez
nee Mills in three years.
Cen
of stability, the model
The Cubs had little choice but to sign Ryne Sandberg-
Before you boo Sand-
citizen, a source of hope
even to the tune of an astounding $30.5 million.
berg for every strikeout,
F
and pride in an eternally
every rare error, consider
ton
futile situation. Let Sandberg play out the season and flee
he isn't as greedy as you might think. If he was out for
day
elsewhere, without any meaningful compensation, and you
the almighty dollar, he could have waited until the
child
might as well torch the ivy and tear down the bricks.
postseason and pitted the Cubs against others in the
He is more than a future Hall of Famer, a flawless
open market. That way, here or elsewhere, he would
infielder, a complete hitter, one of the top three second
have received a fatter package-what Cal Ripken and
basemen to ever play the game, arguably the best all-
Barry Bonds will command.
around ballplayer going. From a marketing perspective,
But Sandberg wanted his security. "I wanted to
Cub
he often represents the only legitimate reason to watch
remain in Chicago, and my family did," he said. "I'm
Whit
the Cubs. With the White Sox very serious about
very happy. My face will be sore from smiling."
winning pennants in their South Side amusement park,
Yes, baseball salary news should be accompanied by a
AL,
the Trib is locked in its first furious, long-term battle
vomit bag. No, this isn't the time to get ill. Thirty-one
Bulls
for the town's summertime hearts. At the moment, the
million dollars is a repulsive figure, but I suspect you
Cubs are losing the fight. If Sandberg left town, only
NBA
might be more nauseous if Ryne Sandberg wasn't signed
Lee Elia's out-of-works would show up.
today. When Greg Maddux demands more, that's when
Do not forget, either, that Chicago's newest Fortune
you get sick.
Bulls cut down
Hawks blow
L
Timberwolves
lead, tie Isles
of
Page 114
Page 114
Sports
PAGE 116
CHICAGO SUN-TIMES
Dawson to Cubs:
A
new deal
Opening Day
his deadline for
pact extension
By Dave van Dyck
Staff Writer
MESA, Ariz.-Andre Dawson, a
potential free agent, feels he de-
serves a contract extension and is
threatening to leave the Cubs after
the season if he doesn't get it.
Dawson said he will give the
Cubs one month-until Opening
Day April 7-to get it done.
"I think I've definitely earned
an extension," Dawson said at the
Cubs' spring training base. "I've
been in the game long enough I
don't have to prove my capabili-
ties. If there's any loyalty in the
game, I would think that would
come into the picture. But I guess
you don't take things for grant-
ed."
Dawson's demand comes less
than a week after Ryne Sandberg
received a $28.4 million, four-year
extension.
Dawson's agent and the Cubs
have held no serious talks yet, but
Dawson says he wants his focus on
baseball after April 7.
"I won't issue an ultimatum,
but I don't want to talk during the
season," he said.
Would he return to the Cubs if
they made him a good offer while
he was a free agent?
"I doubt it," he said, "just be-
cause of the respect factor. I know
I could go to the American League
and if I wasn't in the field [as a
DH], I could play longer. But I
would probably want to stay in
the National League."
The unmistakable rest of the
thought is that revenge on the
Cubs would be a motivation. But
Dawson hopes the issue won't go
SUN-TIMES/PH
Turn to Page 107
Andre Dawson, who will turn 38 on July 10, wants to play three more seasons-hopefully a
Marshall advances past Simeon to Public League (
a
new
REPORT
ANTA BRAVES
stadium complex in Mesa
Avery struck out
ters, including Eric
By Toni Ginnetti
and I threw one. That's the one
F1
:wo innings and Da-
Staff Writer
CUBS BEAT
Hawk took deep."
cliff
ce hit a two-run
Wendell said the elbow was ex-
ning
and drove in four
MESA, Ariz.-General manager
In the meantime, the HoHo-
amined in winter and X-rays were
whic
Braves' 10-0 exhi-
Larry Himes has big designs for
Kams are planning a $150,000,
negative. "It's just something in
ager
pry over the Dodg-
the team's spring training com-
1,500-seat expansion at the park
one
the muscle. It's just something I
plex. Bigger than the remodeling
for next season.
to C
have to be careful with and have
The
CINNATIREDS
going on at Wrigley Field and
supervised closely."
Fitch Park here.
MORGAN TO PITCH: Mike
ings
outf:
bitcher Victor Gar-
He would like a new stadium for
Morgan will start today's Cactus
SOLID SHOWINGS: Danny
field
: the Reds to solve
the Cubs here, built on vacant
League opener against San Fran-
Jackson (two walks in two in-
outf:
ition problem. Gar-
land between HoHoKam and
cisco. The Cubs lineup will have
nings) and Bob Scanlan had
from the Dominican
Fitch parks. But that isn't likely
Jerome Walton leading off in
sound outings.
to happen because the land is a
center field, Ryne Sandberg at
"Jackson threw with no pain,"
At
TON ASTROS
valuable building site owned by
second, Mark Grace at first, An-
Lefebvre said. "He had good
sess
the Fitch family.
dre Dawson in right, Dwight
seman Jeff Bag-
movement on the fastball. I'm en-
man
Nor are the HoHoKams, the
Smith in left, Gary Scott at
stop Andujar Ce-
couraged and so were [pitching
the
elder Luis Gonza-
Cubs' local civic sponsors, inter-
third, Joe Girardi catching and
coach] Billy Connors and [bull-
the I
rs Scott Servais
ested in paying for a new stadium.
Jose Vizcaino at shortstop.
pen coach] Sammy Ellis. Scanlan
som
Taubensee and
But Himes still longs for a com-
Shawon Dunston and George
threw well. He threw strikes and
titior
an Bowen, Darryl
plex similar to the modern facility
Bell will be held out.
that's all he has to do."
squa
urt Schilling were
the White Sox have in the Ed
layers who agreed
Smith Complex in Sarasota, Fla.
WENDELL ROCKED: Man-
SANDBERG PAYS UP:
th the Astros.
"This [HoHoKam] would be a
ager Jim Lefebvre was concerned
Ryne Sandberg paid his $2 fine
Jo.
perfect spot for the Angels [who
about rookie Turk Wendell's per-
Thursday for missing Monday's
Ange
YORK METS
would train part of the spring in
formance in Thursday's intra-
have
practice to negotiate his record
g to a Florida
Mesa and move permanently to
squad game. The right-hander,
was
contract. "I'm going to frame
Mets are discuss-
Tempe next year]. The Angels
who gave up a two-run homer to
Califc
them and put them on the wall,"
th the Angels that
could come here, the Padres [con-
Dawson, walked two and threw
shoul
Lefebvre said. "It's probably the
I shortstop Dick
sidering leaving Yuma] could take
one wild pitch, said he felt tender-
last time I'll ever have to fine
) New York for a
over Tempe, and we could build
ness in his elbow, a problem he
him."
spect. The Mets
Ale
on a vacant lot."
has had in the past and in winter
be interested in
and (
He stressed, "This is still in the
ball this year. But Wendell down-
cause Kevin El-
HERZOG ON HAND: Angels
in a
infancy stages."
played the problem.
g shoulder prob-
general manager Whitey Herzog
job E
A new stadium might be a con-
"The same thing happened last
watched Thursday's intrasquad
cente
sideration if the Arizona Winter
year in spring," he said. "It's an
game and visited with former
PHIA PHILLIES
League, which begins this year, is
annual spring training thing. I
Cubs GM Herman Franks, who
successful.
haven't thrown a slider all winter
lives here.
Ma.
es continued to
he exhibition sea-
ers cc
tral Flr
simulated game.
primarily on sac-
Dawson
are. Playing [to age 40] is more of an ego thing.
exhibit
That's why I'm pushing myself so hard. I don't want
and pickoff plays.
signed
to be out there one day and sit the next. I want to
pier t.
RGH PIRATES
Continued from Back Page
play every day.
S have a new
"I feel, in all honesty, I'm very capable of doing
bach, but Rich
that far. "It's no big secret I would like to retire as a
that and playing another three years [including this
The
I they won't have
Cub," he said.
one] and walking away from it."
game
hird-base coach.
"My goal now is to play until I'm 40."
As with Sandberg, no one ever has questioned
all tick
I he will be as
Dawson, an All-Star outfielder all five seasons with
Dawson's work ethic. If people had before, they
Series
sending runners
the Cubs and an eight-time Gold Glover, turns 38
couldn't now.
Lee Cc
or Gene Lamont,
July 10. So it's obvious he would like two more years
He just finished the most rigorous winter workout
ready
ager of the Sox.
on his contract.
of his career, spending five days a week lifting
N
Once the highest-paid Cub and one of the highest-
weights and working with a therapist on condition-
CARDINALS
paid players in the league, Dawson will make $3.3
ing.
Fede
manager Joe
million this season.
"It's more of a challenge to me now," he said. "I
ened to
team was ready
That leaves him the third highest-paid Cub behind
his hor
wanted to see how far I could push myself this
xhibition opener
Sandberg and pitcher
if Yar
offseason.
the Orioles. He
Howe
Greg Maddux, and not
I would go through a
p will be Ray
even among the top 40
ing to
pretty rigorous routine. I
inter field, Ozzie
highest-paid in baseball.
lawyer,
ortstop, Felix
Dawson declined to say
" It's no big secret I
worked harder and put in
during
more hours than ever."
eld, Andres Ga-
what kind of money he
would like to retire as a Cub.
He did it so he could
OA
st base, Pedro
would expect, but did say,
eft field, Todd
My goal now is to play un-
continue to play in the
The
"I think my career speaks
base, Tom Pag-
outfield. Dawson insists
contrac
for itself."
atcher, Jose
til I'm 40.
I don't think
he would not like to be a
Russa
econd base and
In the last five seasons,
full-time DH.
son. To
bury on the
he has a .286 average with
I'd be disappointed if they
And, even if he becomes
were n
152 homers and 497 RBI,
didn't sign me. I've been
a free agent and leaves, he
thought
including the injury-
might not like to return to
seven-fi
to PADRES
plagued 1989 season.
around long enough to
his home of Miami, which
one of
the Padres for
In the same span, Sand-
know to expect the unex-
joins the National League
team r
contract at
berg hit .289 with 131
next season.
Show a
bitcher Andy
homers and 404 RBI, al-
pected. "
"I don't want to play for
SE
already is look-
though he hit in the non-
two years just to be play-
ree agency and
productive second spot
-Andre Dawson
ing," he said.
Marir.
ter toward the
much of that time.
Buhner
"Home can be more of a
'Il have my day
Cubs general manager
he was I
hassle than it can be fun,
court three
Larry Himes, who helped
Jim Lefe
especially if you know
said. "Then I'm
the cente
Tribune Co. financial
you're not going to win a
n walking free-
Lefebvre.
higher-ups settle the
lot of games. I would like
the Cubs
Sandberg squabble, is aware his right fielder could
to have one [championship] ring.
office la
CO GIANTS
become a free agent after the season.
"But I won't rule out anything.
manager
"We haven't talked about it at all," Himes said of
il manager AI
"I will figure out my options and make a decision
said he V
a new contract.
if I have to."
more than
his goal of
"I don't know what we're going to do. It's some-
Dawson, who came to the Cubs as a celebrated free
yer signed by
hibition games
thing we know is there and we'll pay attention to it
agent during the collusion days, signed a blank
TE
very closely because it's him."
ers came to
contract for the 1987 season.
Shorts
John Burkett
While Dawson is a special person, the Cubs have
He went on to become the first MVP from a last-
who was
o Oliveras,
legitimate concerns about his age and his knees. In
place team, but he also has fought for every contract
ers durir
) Clayton and
1989, he went through two knee surgeries, although
since.
quickly mi
a Hosey all
he has had little trouble since.
"I don't think I'd be disappointed if they didn't
in camp.,
deals.
"My knees have been the subject of discussion for
sign me," Dawson said.
the club
as long as I can remember," Dawson said. "Now
"I've been around long enough to know to expect
game, Th.
people ask how long I can play, not how my knees
the unexpected."
Opening Shots
FRIDAY, MARCH 6, 1992
CHICAGO SUN-TIMES
Jay Mariotti
First Ryno, now Andre:
BULL
There's no end for Cubs
HAWI
W
onder if our good pals at Tribune Co. are still
This shouldn't be an issue of race, but of simple
enjoying the baseball business? They had no
baseball respect. The word Dawson uses is respect. He
choice but to sign Ryne Sandberg, and now,
also uses loyalty. "I think I've definitely earned an
they have no option but to grant Andre Dawson the
extension," he said Thursday. "I've been in the game
contract extension of his dreams.
long enough. I don't have to prove my capabilities. If
POW:
Four years, $28.4 million to Sandberg. Two years, at
there's any loyalty in the game, I would think that
least $11 million to Dawson. If the price of the sleepier
would come in the picture.'
paper increases to two quarters, you'll know why.
Loyalty and respect, as well as continued production,
When the earth moves, aftershocks follow. Dawson's
are the factors that should make it a no-brainer deci-
demands are the first of many Sandberg-related re-
sion. Few athletes in Chicago are as revered as Dawson.
quests you'll hear in coming weeks, not only from Cubs
He's a classy, highly popular player whose presence at
TH'BI
but from wage earners throughout the game. Just
home plate causes some Wrigley denizens to bow. Ask
because three of every five ballplayers are millionaires
which player has been more important to the Cubs the
doesn't mean greed dis-
last five years-Sandberg
appears. Top scale
or Dawson-and the ar-
bumps up another mil-
gument might go until
lion-point-two, and ev-
sun-up. Together, along
HARNE
eryone wants his appro-
with the departed Rick
priate raise. It's called
Sutcliffe, they've been
market value and it's de-
the soul of a team that
stroying the game, but
hasn't broken longstand-
for sanity's sake, let's
ing Cubbie futility but
view each case on its own
has brought unusual
DOG:
merits and try to cope.
measures of respectabil-
The Dawson affair is
ity. If one merits a bo-
highly sensitive for the
nanza, so does the other.
Cubs. Before committing
That Dawson address-
to another major invest-
es the issue now is some-
BES
ment, they would rather
thing of a surprise, in
see how his 37-year-old
that he's a quiet man
TIME
body and 50-year-old
who usually avoids con-
knees hold up this sea-
6:15 a.m
troversy. But all he
son. But with Dawson
wants is fair play. Sand-
10 a.m.
cleverly issuing a Sand-
berg held the Cubs hos-
2 p.m.
berg-like decree-sign
tage and made them
me by Opening Day or
empty the bank. Dawson,
3 p.m.
I'll flee as a free agent at
rightfully, thinks he's
3 p.m.
season's end-the club
owed the same privilege
5:10 p.m
will have to act quickly
and reward. Such com-
or subject itself to criti-
motion always is a threat
7 p.m.
cism of all sorts.
SUN-TIMES/Brian Jackson
to wreck a club, but by
7:30 p.m
Racial criticism, for in-
Andre Dawson always has been a Cubs fan favorite.
setting an Opening Day
7:35 p.m
stance.
deadline, Dawson is do-
If the Cubs reject Dawson's demands after meeting
ing his part to maintain regular-season peace.
Sandberg's, backlash in the black community could be
If the Cubs don't react in the next four weeks, the
powerful. The club might like to argue that race isn't an
question becomes whether Dawson is serious about
issue here, that the two stars can't be fairly compared,
leaving town. "It's no big secret I would like to retire as
that Dawson is five years older and may not make it to
a Cub," he said. But if money is a bigger interest, plenty
TIME
his planned retirement at the big four-oh. But that
of American League clubs would love to employ him as a
Noon
would be a copout, for in this instance, the Elias Sports
designated hitter. Another club that would adore him as
Bureau does not lie.
a gate attraction is the National League expansion team
12:30 p.n
In the two seasons since his baseball obituary was
in Miami, his hometown.
1 p.m.
written in this town, Dawson has hit 58 home runs and
Dawson respectfully declines that option. After 15 full
1:30 p.m
driven in 204 runs. We can hear his legs from Belmont
seasons and zero league pennants, he'd much rather go
Ave., but almost miraculously, he remains one of the
to a World Series, thank you. "I'd like to have one ring,"
2 p.m.
game's most productive sluggers and a feared defensive
he said. A cynic would say he'd have a much better
2 p.m.
rightfielder. You and I keep waiting for the great Hawk
chance winning it in Miami than at Wrigley Field. When
2 p.m.
to succumb and start acting his age. Wonderfully, there
you hear Jim Lefebvre's plans to try Shawon Dunston
is no indication that will happen in the near future.
and Jerome Walton as his 1-2 hitters, with George Bell
3 p.m.
Let April 7 come and go without a settlement, without
and Dawson dropping to 5-6 in the order, cynicism
7 p.m.
a two-season extension in the $5.5-million-a-year range,
grows. Maybe you'd let the man leave just to give him a
and the Cubs have big problems. They put Dawson in a
championship shot.
mood where he feels unwanted. They have other players
But let's not. Pay him. A crochety apologist for
wondering why Sandberg was rewarded and Dawson was
Tribune Tower insists baseball's salary madness is
not-and whether they will be. They also create a civic
simply free enterprise at work. At this rate, though, the
issue, fair or not, of why the superstar white was signed
TIME
coot might go to work one day and have no computer to
when the superstar black was not.
write on.
Noon
12:30 p.m
1 p.m.
National honors for Sun-Times sports section
1 p.m.
The Chicago Sun-Times' Sunday
sports section and special section cate-
The Chicago Tribune placed in the
1:30 p.m.
sports section was named one of the
gories.
top 10 in daily and Sunday sections.
2:30 p.m.
nation's 10 best in this year's Associat-
The Sun-Times was one of only 11
The Daily Herald placed in the top
2:45 p.m.
ed. Press Sports Editors contest.
newspaners in its circulation group
10 in the daily section and
1992
g pains with Bo
Sox ponder options;
two hits for Jackson
all out for a week before slamming
By Joe Goddard
his first-inning double off the
Staff Writer
right-center field wall.
SARASOTA, Fla.-Bo Jackson
"I went up thinking, 'Hey, if I
might try to buy some time for his
get a hit, I'm going to run,' and I
ailing left hip today when he
did," he said, proudly.
meets with White Sox chairman
He also had to run home from
Jerry Reinsdorf "to get some
third on an infield throwing error.
things resolved that are bothering
He just made it standing up,
me."
drawing a huge ovation from 5,551
Being placed on the 60-day dis-
fans. "I wasn't going to take a
abled list is one of his "options"
chance by sliding," Jackson said.
so he can continue treatment and
Jackson expects to be "very
rehab with trainer Herm
sore" today.
Schneider.
Jackson then said he was "look-
Another is reducing his contract
ing forward to life without base-
to make it more attractive for the
ball."
club to keep gambling on him. It
"My wife told me that the day I
calls for $910,000 after the March
decide to leave sports was the day
15 option deadline with $10,000
I become Mr. Mom. That will be
for each game he is "available" to
my job. I'll prepare the kids for
school and drop them off, then
play.
"I was raised to earn my pay,
pick them up and go to the pond.
and right now, the way I'm run-
"And I have some business ven-
ning, I don't feel I can earn it,"
tures I'd like to get started. I'll be
Jackson said Thursday after a
'Bo the Businessman.'
banner exhibition game of a two-
That won't happen until Jack-
run double, smash infield single
son is convinced he can't go on.
and walk against the Pirates.
"I have lived with pain from the
Jackson and his new agent, Arn
day it happened. I'm only aware
Tellem, ruled out retirement.
of it when I think about it, SO I try
"That's not even a thought,' Tel-
not to think of it. I know it will
lem said.
get worse as time goes on. I'm
Surgery isn't contemplated, ei-
comfortable with that."
ther. Not now, anyway.
The Sox are comfortable with
"If it gets to the point I have to
Jackson's hitting. They are not
go back on crutches, then I'll have
comfortable with his running,
surgery," Jackson said. "I want to
which makes him look like a high-
be able to play with my kids."
stepping drum major.
Jackson said he had "a lot of
"We're trying to make his run-
problems outside of baseball," too,
ning average at best," Schneider
including "an illness that has been
said. "I don't think we can im-
going on for a few years now."
prove it by leaps and bounds. We
It may be Jackson's mother in
can only hope for it to be a little
Alabama.
bit better each day."
Jackson denied the deadline
Jackson insists money is not his
was weighing on him, but it obvi-
motive.
ously is. His daily treatments are
"It's because I love playing this
lengthy and arduous, but neces-
game and I love being with these
sary to bring Jackson to running
guys. It's something I've never
capabilities.
experienced before.
"Some days-some weeks-I
"Hey, things could be worse. I
get the best of it and some weeks
could be back in Chicago doing
it gets the best of me," he said.
nothing.
Schneider is exploring an un-
"As long as I feel I can play this
known world from an unusual
game, I'll keep trying.
football injury that destroyed car-
"When it gets to the point I
tilage from the pelvic cup to the
can't run anymore, I'll get up and
SUN-TIMES/ Tom Cruze
kson considering other options with the White Sox.
femur head. Jackson hadn't run
go."
king 'Ventura-type' contract
WHITE SOX:6,PIRATES 1
THE SYNOPSIS: Bo Jackson doubled
to beat Pirates skipper Jim Leyland in the
home the first two runs and singled to the
WHITE SOX BEAT
exhibition opener. They went out to dinner
infield in three trips Thursday to make the
to discuss it.
White Sox opener a 6-1 success over the
elbow tightened in the exhibition opener.
"He's paying," Leyland said.
Pirates at Sarasota, Fla.
X-rays were negative, but he needed a shot.
"Some things never change." Lamont
THE GOOD: Robin Ventura and Ozzie
"It's not in the same area, so that's
said.
Guillen also had two hits. Alex Fernandez
encouraging," he said of surgery last sum-
mer. "The shot should knock it so I can
THE DEFENSE RESTS: Broadcaster
pitched three shutout innings and Brian
Ed Farmer, Schueler's assistant the last
Drahman 2²/₃ innings.
throw again, maybe in three or four days."
few years, defended Schueler again against
THE BAD: In allowing the only run,
FREY ON JOB: Jim Frey, removed as
Sammy Ellis, last year's pitching coach.
Atlee Hammaker faced two batters before
general manager of the Cubs but being paid
"Does Sammy know that Schu thought so
straining his elbow and leaving for X-rays
for another year as a scout, was greeted by
much of him that he asked Gene [Lamont]
that were negative.
Sox GM Ron Schueler.
to interview him?" Farmer said. "I guess he
Schueler: "You had the Ryno [Ryne
doesn't want to remember that, huh?"
THE RECORDS: White Sox 1-0, Pi-
Sandberg] money approved ahead of time,
rates 0-1.
GRASS IS GREENER: Comiskey
right?"
Frey: "You know what they say in the
Park's grass is in great shape from the mild
ON DECK: Opening Day starter Jack
military and politics: It wasn't my watch."
winter. Former groundskeeper Gene Bos-
McDowell makes his first appearance
sard, now a consultant, watered it for the
today against the Tigers' Walt Terrell at
while son Roger. who succeeded
Sarasota.
The Capital of Real Life
BY SCOTT TUROW
That it is. The way these old
cities grew in concentric rings,
leaving the downtown center as
L
ake Michigan, boundless and blue,
a kind of grand marketplace,
with its shoreside parks and high-
may not be as convenient as
rises and a sandy beach longer than
having a mall around the cor-
Grand Cayman's, is regarded as Chicago's
ner, but it provides a feeling
glory, but the Chicago River-slow, nar-
of community that will nev-
row and nurky-ist the city's true inspira-
er arise from the blacktopped
tion, its source. The city was settled here
acres of a parking lot. But Chi-
because Jesuit explorer Père Marquette
cago's "realness" is a product of
envisioned the river, then a swampy
more than urban planning. It's
lagoon, as the elusive link in a great in-
no accident that many of the
land waterway joining the Great Lakes
great realist writers-Dreiser,
to the Mississippi and the Gulf of Mexi-
Farrell, Algren, Bellow-have
co. Excavated, eventually, and topped
written about this city. What's
off with water from the lake, the river
great and real here is what I
never had its heyday, since the railroads
wanted to flee when was 11, the
whose tracks ran along its banks proved
whole Second City mentality.
a more versatile and attractive means of
No glamour, no jive. It's not
transport for a nation in the making. The
like either of the coastal mega-
river, wiggling the city's length, was
lopoli, the one in southern Cali-
PAUL ELLEDGE-OUTLINE
left more or less as a sanitary ditch.
fornia or the universe and city
Second City: The author and Chicago skyline
On the far north side where I grew up,
of New York; it can't tcompete. It
the river was the city limit. As a boy I
is a particularly Chicago thing that the
goans of color locked into a sometimes
would stand on a bridge over its smelly
baseball team for which I root with near-
horrifying housing-project subculture.
waters and look beyond-not to the sub-
religious fervor has not won the World
That of course is hardly new. Indeed, in
urbs, which I regarded as the home of
Series in the entire 76 years that the Cubs
this age of homogenization, in a country
deracinated wimps-but to the America
have played Wrigley Field. New York is
where I won a bet three years ago by
far away, full of better, more rarefied
the city of winners; Chicago's where there
predicting I would be served a croissant
locales, I thought, for the writer I hoped
are losers too. L.A. is the home of stars.
for breakfast in Wichita, Chicago still
to be. I was embarrassed by Chicago, the
Just Plain Folks live in Chicago.
seems oddly itself. We still have a mayor
home of dead cattle and armed gang-
Open prairie: Chicago is, in fact, the fore-
named Daley, albeit a far better model.
sters, whose best-known citizen was
most city in The Rest of America, the
The legendary graft with which I grew
Richard J. Daley, a.k.a. Duh Mare.
biggest city in the country that does not
up-many Chicagoans kept $2 pinned to
In 1978, after 10 years away, getting
claim to be a world unto itself. There is
their driver's license for any cop who
educated and trying to live as a writer, I
something to geography, a sense that we
stopped them-has been suppressed by
came back. I was a lawyer now, not a
are here in the middle of things and not
20 years of federal prosecutions, but
literary dreamer. And for Real Life, Chi-
apart from any of it. There is still a touch
barely a month seems to go by without
cago has lways been the place, the city to
of small-town dowdiness. An hour away
some public somebody on trial for taking
which you come for a job, not a dream.
the prairie opens.
folding money in the men's room. Not-
Real Life includes a house in the suburbs
We have never been much for innova-
withstanding global warming, I can't
I despised, and now more or less enjoy.
tive fashions. Aside from thick-crust piz-
even say the weather is that much better.
Compared with many other northern
za you cannot name a lot that we have
All in all, the place still holds its sol-
cities, Chicago thrives. Even in a bicoast-
contributed to the lifestyle revolution.
emn air. Built on the river, Chicago was
al economy you have to make a pit stop
This is not the home of step aerobics or
settled by those who saw it as a link,
somewhere, and this seems to be the
alfalfa sprouts. Do not misunderstand:
somewhere to move on from, and the
place. Chicago is the best off of the old
there are lots of imaginative people; we
people who stayed were those whose
cities, the ones that got the original teams
have the world's greatest symphony and
sense of destiny was less manifest. We're
in the American and National Leagues. It
a vital theater scene. But being an artist
just here, doing our real thing, in a place
is economically vital, having succeeded
in Chicago is a job like everybody else's,
whose genius seems to remain being in
in segueing from a heavy-manufacturing
not a claim to membership in an exalted
the middle and not running to extremes.
economy to service industries, and has
community of outsiders.
This is the city where they dug out a river
maintained its urban core. Even its image
Here in a real place, we have real prob-
to be a great inland passage and ended up
has improved, due in part to the fact that
lems too. Chicago may be where you come
using it more or less as a sewer, a place, in
Chicago is now a cinema boomtown, with
for a job and not a dream, but there are
other words, that has cleaved to a silent,
20 movies shot here in 1991 alone. Aside
many people here who have found nei-
dogged vision that there is always a fu-
from rueful comments about O'Hare-
ther. Chicago's black community, ruth-
ture, if not a better one, at least one
still the business traveler's vision of the
lessly segregated for most of the century,
where we will make do.
Inferno-people tell me that they like
has claimed political power and slowly
Chicago, extolling it as "a real place, a
penetrated the middle class, but there
Scott Turow is a lawyer and the author
real city."
remain hundreds of thousands of Chica-
of "Burden of Proof."
NEWSWEEK SEPTEMBER 9, 1991 47
COLUMN
town, for irate animal activists spraying them
Maclean's
with paint or hissing at the ladies who are
warm.
Nov 25,91
I have never been aware that it is all that
windy in the Windy City. Where it is really
windy is Winterpeg, site of a chilly Grey Cup,
which loses everything because Doug Flutie
isn't there. At Cricket's, a woman who looks
An underrated
like Joan Rivers's sister is endlessly explaining
her love life to Joe the Bartender and anyone
within 25 feet and not in need of an ear
trumpet.
Upcoming at Rosa's Lounge are Lil' Ed & the
city, Chicago is
Blues Imperials, Melvin Taylor & the Slack
Band and Johnny Littlejohn with Aron Burton
("Free parking next door at Gas Station, atten-
dant on duty Tuesday thru Saturday"). On the
Magnificent Mile, with Saks Fifth Avenue and
I. Magnin and Neiman Marcus and Tiffany's on
every side, huddled in grey stone is the cloisters
of the Fourth Presbyterian
BY ALLAN FOTHERINGHAM
Church.
Rasas
With the plastic furiously
osa's Lounge is in a part of Chicago
slapping down on the sales
R
that the guidebook calls "mildly
counters like the beat-beat-
threatening." Rosa's Lounge is dark
beat of the tom-tom, inside
and narrow and filled with high
there is choir practice at 5
stools. It is not the type of place where you
o'clock in the afternoon, a
would take your mother. The patrons are white
lovely solace from all the
and the musicians are black. The band at the
commerce outside, the in-
moment is Billy Branch and the S.O.B. That, it
sistent choirmaster (as all
turns out, stands for the Sons of the Blues. Billy
choirmasters) insisting on
Branch plays a harmonica that makes your
just one more time, on get-
head reel. Rosa's Lounge is where you get the
ting it just right. Just like
blues.
Sinatra. Chicago is.
The most underrated city in North America
The Art Institute of Chi-
is Chicago, Chicago is. It is the place where, as
cago is one of the great
Sinatra tells us, he actually saw a man who
museums of the world. It is
danced with his wife. Carl Sandburg called it a
as good as the famous Chi-
big-shouldered town, where the fog creeps in
cago ribs. You get them at
on little cat feet. It is regrettably neglected and
Carson's. Naugahyde City,
we must do something about it.
but the ribs are real. There
Chicago has the most interesting architec-
is in Chicago a basic com-
ture on the continent, more interesting than
THE TREMONT HOTEL
mon sense, a city not trying
New York, more varied than San Francisco,
to be something that it is
more mature than such a babe as Vancouver. It
Cricket's
not. It is no longer the Sec-
has the tallest building on the globe, the 110-
ond City, Los Angeles hav-
storey Sears Tower, which is one of the least
ing taken over that popula-
interesting ones.
tion rating, but it is content
At Rosa's Lounge, when you ask Carmelita
and openhanded and what
to call a cab and later go to step out onto the
and studio of Frank Lloyd Wright, who on his
you see is what you get.
street to check its whereabouts, she hauls you
wedding night wore only a red velvet sash
Men actually wear sports jackets and slacks
back in and instructs you to wait until the
around his middle. He fathered six children and
to the office, a sign of a civilized city. When you
cabbie arrives to walk shotgun. Chicago pedes-
then ran off with the wife of one of his biggest
complain that Billy Branch and the Sons of the
trians, when you bump into them, surprisingly
clients. He is remindful of our currently trou-
Blues are taking rather too long at their break,
excuse themselves. In New York, they just
bled Canadian genius, Arthur Erickson. Wright
they get up cheerfully and continue the gig.
walk over you, with eye contact the number 1
throughout his career was always in business
O'Hare continues to hum as the busiest airport
no-no.
troubles and often bankrupt. He survived, as
in the world. The Chicago Bulls are the basket-
The stockyards and the slaughterhouses are
will Erickson's genius.
ball champions of that same world. The Cubs'
gone, but there is Joe the Bartender at Crick-
Billy Branch wears a thick contraption
Wrigley Field is still the prettiest ball park in
et's, in the Tremont Hotel. There are all these
around his middle, rather like an ammunition
the land, though they have now tainted it with
bartender trophies behind him. His teeth don't
belt, it not even being his wedding night.
floodlights.
fit and he could use a more expensive rug, but
Instead of shells, it contains all his harmonicas,
Toronto (as it now regrets) had ambitions to
he is explaining to a young couple that he
and he calls them to service one at a time,
be a second New York, with that tremulous city
makes $360,000 a year because he takes it
making an electrified mouth organ do things
always the model for anyone in Toronto who
three ways in his many business ventures,
never thought of on Major Bowes' Amateur
wanted to get ahead or worship something
taking a little piece of the action from the
Hour.
bigger. Better that it would have modelled
supplier, a little piece of the action from the
On the Magnificent Mile, where the shop-
itself on Chicago, a city also on a lake that
consumer and a little hunk of the action from
pers stroll along Michigan Avenue, the women
knows how to communicate with that lake and
the middleman.
wear ankle-length fur coats as a sort of civic
does not take itself too seriously.
In the suburb of Oak Park there is the home
uniform. No chance here, in the big-shouldered
Perhaps there is still time.
76
EYE ON THE '90s
DATELINE
FEUDBALL IN THE WINDY CITY
The color of money Tough times
CHICAGO - Though this city is home to the nation's largest populations of Serbs and
require tough- and bizarre- meas-
Croats, the two groups almost never meet. They inhabit separate worlds, frequenting
ures. A bill aimed at thwarting mon-
their own churches and cultural centers, isolated by ancient enmities brought over
ey launderers now in Congress calls
from the old country. Only on the soccer field do the two come into contact. And more
for the Treasury Department to
often than not, the contact is bruising and bloody- a small-scale metaphor for the
violence now being played out in Yugoslavia. Last fall, a frustrated Serbian fan
emptied a revolver into the air after his team lost to the Croats for the state
championship. At a February match, both
PAUL MERIDETH FOR USN&WR
benches cleared when a Serbian defense-
man put a headlock on a Croatian forward.
Referees had to break up the melee.
The soccer rivalry, like the ethnic hostil-
consider changing the color and size
ities back home, is fueled by history. Both
of U.S. currency circulated outside
sides remember not only the score of every
the country. The idea is to make
game played for the last 20 years but every
drug transactions easier to spot. (If
shoving match, every insult. On a recent
the bills are gold, it's heroin money;
evening at the Croatians' soccer club, on
if they glow, it's LSD?)
Western Avenue, players and fans hoisted
Croats' club. Muscles and heroes
One other possible ploy is to
beers and shared plates of cevapcici- ka-
withdraw $50 and $100 bills from
bobs of ground beef and spices- and recalled a game played in 1968 as if it were last
circulation, forcing drug dealers to
week. Ilia Pavljasevic, a former star halfback who now announces games on the
explain why they are trading in huge
Croatian radio station, remembers especially the "dirty play" of a Serb who
stacks of big bills for smaller ones.
shattered his, Ilia's, knee and landed him in the hospital. After the game, hundreds
That ought to show them. Provid-
of vengeful Croatian fans chased the Serbian team into a tavern, chanting invectives
ed they don't already own the banks
and shouting nationalist songs. This time, the police had to be brought in.
in question.
The Serbs also remember each game clearly, though obviously from a different
ILLUSTRATION: STEVE McCRACKEN FOR USN&WR
WHEN COUNTERSIGNED BELOW WITH
THIS SIGNATURE
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American Gallamic Expires Unitelers Cheque
DATE
AMERICAN EXPRESS TRAVEL RELATED SERVICES COMPANY. INC.
JUSSIO
PaythisCheque
folheOrderof
CHAIRMAR
⑆000000000⑆ 00" 00000000
IDD
1. Worldwide Acceptance.
2. Hand-Delivered Refunds.
perspective. For an outsider, piecing together a particular incident is as frustrating
EYE ON THE '90s
as trying to understand Balkan politics. An account of an injustice suffered on a
Chicago soccer field will shift without warning to a diatribe on the slaughter of Serbs
by Hitler-sympathizing Croats during World War II. Croats call such charges
Communist propaganda; Serbs point out that Tito himself was Croatian. Croats
nd
counter that the real Tito died in the 1940s and was replaced by a look-alike.
News bites
A rubric for the '90s: the
Both groups gain strength from their churches, yet religion only fuels the rivalry.
Vampire Decade. A better image-
er
In testament to their peaceful intentions, United Serbs President Walter Vla recalls
thanks to last TV season's "Dark
that in 1984, his soccer team joined a different league to avoid having to play-and
Shadows" - has brought vampires out
he
fight with - the Croats. Naturally, when the Croats tried to join the new league, in
of the crypt, says Stephen Kaplan, a
an
1989, the Serbs lobbied to keep them out. But other teams let the Croats in, says Vla,
self-proclaimed expert. There are
ate
because "those teams are Catholic, like the Croats, and we are Eastern Orthodox.
now 700 supposed vampires world-
The Catholics, they stick together."
PAUL MERIDETH FOR USN&WR
wide. Bloodsuckers are taking care in
Over more beer and cevapcici at the
this age of AIDS: Many keep to just
United Serbs clubhouse, on Milwaukee Av-
one or two victims. Says Kaplan, "The
enue, board member Mike Nikolich says
modern vampire is a more responsible
that all the teams in Chicago's ethnic soccer
vampire." And a more visible one.
leagues have had run-ins with the Croats.
New sunscreens allow the photo-
The soccer club, he says, is a way to keep
phobes to come out in the daylight.
Serbian youth out of gangs and "teach them
sportsmanship and honorable behavior."
Oh, shut up
Viewers may not be
Last month, the Serbs chose to forfeit the
surprised that the voice of "Enter-
season's final scheduled game against the
Serbs' club. Slights and wrongs
tainment Tonight's" Mary Hart in-
Croats rather than risk more violence. But
duces epileptic seizures. Last week's
like the peace accord reached last week between Slovenia and the Yugoslav
New England Journal of Medicine
he
government, the calm will not last long. Only one thing can make the combatants drop
tells of a woman who, upon hearing
ho
their discussions of soccer and insult, at least for the moment. A report on Yugoslavia
the perky TV host, grows queasy
comes on the television perched on a shelf over the bar at the Serbian soccer club. The
and blacks out. Next week's Journal
men lift pensive eyes to the screen, and all talk of games suddenly stops.
subjects: Regis and Kathie Lee.
BY PAUL GLASTRIS
BY AMY BERNSTEIN
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($100)
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and the travelers cheques from American Express
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donation to the U.S. Olympic Team. So not
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Visa has guaranteed a minimum total contribution of $2,000,000 in relation to sales through August 31, 1992. © Visa U.S.A. Inc. 1991. 36 USC 380
FTER ANSWERING EVERY
A
bell for the Chicago Bulls
this season, including the ul-
timate one that tolled for the
Lakers in Los Angeles last
week, Michael Jordan was
apologetic for getting a late
start on the first day of his summer va-
cation. "Alarm clock malfunction,"
said Jordan last Saturday morning,
sliding into a booth at a restaurant in
the Chicago suburb of Deerfield, not
far from Jordan's home. "Can you be-
lieve I missed my first tee time? The of-
ficial beginning of the golf season?" He
shook his head in amazement.
Jordan was scheduled to play a
second round that afternoon at one
o'clock, and his breakfast companion
suggested that maybe, just maybe, he
was too tired for 36 holes, considering
the events of the preceding few days:
an NBA championship on Wednesday
followed by an all-night victory party in
Los Angeles, a mini-homecoming cere-
mony on his lawn on Thursday, a mo-
torcade and rally in downtown Chicago
on Friday and an overall emotional ca-
tharsis that, in scope and intensity, sur-
prised even Jordan.
"Too tired for golf?" said Jordan
on Saturday, genuinely perplexed.
"You're kidding, right?"
And so this is Michael Jeffrey Jordan
in late spring of 1991 - an indefatigable
28-year-old still enchanted with games.
But he is somehow different, somehow
transformed. The Bulls' first NBA title,
secured with a 108-101 victory over the
Shining
Lakers in Game 5 of the Finals at The
Forum, didn't earn for Jordan-as it
did for such teammates as Scottie Pip-
pen, Horace Grant and John Paxson-
much more fame. Jordan has had an
astounding measure of that since he
came into the NBA in 1984. Neither
Moment
will the title do much for his bank ac-
count, as it will for Pippen's; last Friday
Pippen received a five-year contract
extension worth $18 million. Jordan
RICHARD MACKSON
Michael Jordan dazzled as the Chicago Bulls
will average about $3.7 million per year
from the Bulls over the next five years
won their first NBA title
by JACK McCALLUM
After seven years of striving, Jordan at last
had the championship trophy in his grasp.
38
LLS
of
as
the
CHICAGO BULLS
A bit of the bubbly? Jackson treated Cart-
wright to a champagne shower after Game 5.
intensity and unselfishness, I played like
those type of players. Some people saw
that, but many others didn't. And the
championship, in the minds of a lot of
people, is a sign of, well, greatness. I guess
they can say that about me now."
It would be hard to say anything less
after Jordan's masterly performance
throughout the five games of the Finals,
the last four of which were Chicago vic-
tories. He scored with metronomic con-
sistency, averaging 31.2 points-a 36-
point effort in Game 1 was his high, a 28-
point night in Game 4 his low-and a .558
shooting percentage from the floor. (By
contrast, Magic, who recognizes a good
BILL SMITH
shot better than anyone, averaged 18.6
points and .431.) Jordan also averaged
11.4 assists, 6.6 rebounds, 2.8 steals and
(undoubtedly the best deal for a franchise
more moments of doubt, however fleet-
1.4 blocked shots. And his energetic de-
in all of sport), and his earning power off
ing, no more wondering if he was a true
fensive play, along with that of Pippen
the court (in excess of $10 million a year)
winner like Magic Johnson, Larry Bird or
and Grant, the other two members of
defies credulity. He says he expects to
Julius Erving, all of whom have played on
what assistant coach Johnny Bach calls
reduce, not increase, his off-the-court
teams that won NBA titles. "I think peo-
the Wild Bunch, was the key to the series.
commitments.
ple will now feel it's O.K. to put me in the
In sum, Jordan turned in what was
"The difference," said Jordan, tapping
category of players like Magic," said Jor-
his chest, "is in here."
dan, pushing around waffles on his plate.
The curtain came down on the Magic and Mi-
This feeling of inner peace means no
"Personally, I always felt that in terms of
chael Show with a heartfelt, warm embrace.
ANDREW D. BERNSTEIN/NBA PHOTOS
40
STATE
CHICAGO BULLS
out the Lakers' true weakness-the lack
of a penetrator who can consistently
break down the defense off the dribble-
and massed his defensive strength to dou-
ble- and sometimes triple-team L.A.'s
post-up players. The Lakers could muster
no counterpunch, and time after time
they mindlessly threw the ball into the
post, only to have Sam Perkins, James
Worthy or Vlade Divac-their vision "oc-
cluded," as Bach put it, by the pressure-
dribble frantically out to the corner, tak-
ing precious seconds off the 24-second
clock. L.A. coach Mike Dunleavy finally
confused the Bulls somewhat by giving
playing time to the young and talented El-
den Campbell and Tony Smith in Game 5,
but that strategy was more or less forced
upon him by injuries to Worthy and By-
ron Scott. There is no doubt that the Lak-
ers, in contrast to the healthy Bulls, were
tired and somewhat battered after an en-
ervating six-game Western Conference fi-
nal against the Portland Trail Blazers.
But there is also no doubt that Jackson
decisively outcoached Dunleavy when it
counted.
PAISON
Best of all for the Bulls, Jordan's per-
formance, while sometimes show-stop-
ping, was never showy. (Well, ignore, if
you can, the moment late in Game 5 when
he blindly tossed in a 12-foot bank shot
over his shoulder as he walked to the foul
'M NHOP
line.) That gave plenty of room for the tal-
ents of Pippen, who scored a game-high
32 points in the clincher, and Paxson, who
shot a remarkable .653 from the field for
the series, mostly on radarlike jumpers
In Game 5, Pippen (33) concluded a strongs
from the perimeter. In Game 5, Paxson
ries with 32 points, but it was Paxson (5) who
broke the game open when he scored 10
buried the Lakers with his timely shooting.
points in the final four minutes, mostly on
long, clutch jumpers. Grant, a gutty pow-
probably the finest all-around perfor-
er forward in a small forward's body, epit-
mance in a five-game Finals series, of
omized the Bulls' team effort; he didn't
which there have been 11 in NBA history.
attempt a single bad shot in five games
Jerry West, for example, had more points
and averaged an economical 14.6 points
(33.8 average) in the five-game 1965 Fi-
on .627 shooting. No wonder the Bulls'
nals between his Lakers and the Celtics,
.527 team shooting percentage tied the
but Jordan set five-game records for as-
1989 Pistons for the best in NBA Finals
sists (57 to Bob Cousy's 53 in 1961) and
history. And no wonder Jordan insisted
steals (14 to Terry Porter's 10 in 1990).
that the other four starters, Pippen,
And few guards have grabbed more re-
Grant, Paxson and center Bill Cartwright,
bounds, Magic being one of them: He got
be included in the now traditional "I'm
ANDREW D. BERNSTEIN/NBA PHOTOS
40 rebounds in the series to Jordan's 33.
Going to Disney World" commercial
When NBA officials collected the ballots
filmed shortly after Game 5, for which
for MVP near the end of Game 5, several
they divided $100,000.
members of the media asked, "Are you
But, clearly, this was Jordan's show-
serious?" Jordan won unanimously.
"a tribute to Michael," as Jackson put it.
The Bulls were also helped by a sound
It may have started out as the Magic and
game plan. Coach Phil Jackson sniffed
Michael Finals, but Jordan had left the ol'
Jordan took his eye off the prize
even more. But my mom?
for a second to chat up Krause
She handled herself like a
movie star."
purple-and-gold warrior in
Which is how Jordan was
the dust by the time the fi-
treated when he arrived back
nal buzzer sounded. Magic
in Chicago at 4 p.m. Thurs-
knew it, too. He calmly an-
day. At least 100 well-wish-
swered question after ques-
ers from his neighborhood
tion about Jordan in the
and beyond-"Seems like
locker room and never
everyone in Chicago knows
showed a trace of jealousy or
my address," he said after-
pique, a tranquillity forged
ward-had turned his front
at least in part by his nine Fi-
lawn into a minicarnival.
nals appearances and five
BILL SMITH
Letters, telegrams (one from
championship rings. Those
North Carolina coach Dean
who had visited the Chicago
Smith), balloons, posters
locker room reported Jordan's teary reac-
guys really crying, and I'm thinking,
and drawings were tacked to his front
tion to winning the championship and
What's going on? This is supposed to hap-
door, and there were flowers and plants-
asked Johnson if he, too, had felt so emo-
pen, right? You come to college and you
"Enough to open up a florist shop," he
tional after his first title, way back in his
win a championship.
said-piled up on his porch. He shook his
rookie year of 1980.
"But in the pros I've seen it from the
head. "Sometimes I can't believe my life
"No, I didn't react that way, but there's
opposite side. All the struggles, all the
is so crazy," he said.
a good reason for the difference," said
people saying, 'He's not gonna win,' all
As for the Bulls' immediate future, Jor-
those little doubts you have about
dan, predictably, had his opinions. Over
yourself. You have to put them
the past few seasons he had been outspo-
aside and think positive. I am
ken in his criticism of general manager
gonna win! I am a winner! And
Jerry Krause, and although early in the
then when you do it, well, it's just
playoffs he said he was willing to eat his
amazing."
words if the Bulls won the title, he didn't
Still, even Jordan was surprised
sound quite so repentant on Saturday.
by the tidal wave of emotion that
"I don't regret anything I said [about
struck him as he entered
the locker room after
Game 5 and knelt for the
BILL SMITH
team prayer. He sobbed,
at times almost uncon-
trollably, as his wife, Jua-
nita, and father, James,
sat beside him, massaging
his arms and shoulders.
He had almost stopped
crying when a friend led a
BILL SMITH
smiling woman into the
circle. "Michael, it's your
mother," the friend said.
but he guarded the hardware on the flight home
And he broke down again
as Evelyn Jordan kissed
Magic. "I was so young [20], so un-
him, patted his cheek and retreat-
schooled in what it took to win an NBA
ed into the background. "I fig-
championship. So I know exactly what
ured he'd react that way because
Michael is feeling now because I felt that
it took so much hard work," said
way later in my career, when it took so
Evelyn. Recalling the moment,
much more effort and sweat to win it."
Michael again seemed touched.
Over breakfast on Saturday, Jordan
"You go through that as a kid,"
said that Magic's analysis was correct.
he said. "Your mother comes
"After we won the NCAA champion-
over to console you about some-
ship in my freshman year [at North Caro-
thing, and that makes you cry
lina in 1982] I felt happy, but not all that
emotional," said Jordan. "I remember
and triumphantly displayed it to fans
seeing Jimmy Black and a few of the other
who greeted the team at O'Hare Airport.
44
CHICAGO BULLS
The earthbound Magic could but watch as Jor-
dan lifted the Bulls to unaccustomed heights.
Krause], because I was honestly express-
ing my feelings at the time," said Jordan.
"Our bench was not playing very well, and
I thought we needed help. Fortunately,
they responded. But I think next year
we'll have to build on it to stay strong."
The big questions among the frontline
players are Cartwright and Paxson, both
of whom are unrestricted free agents. The
Bulls are expected to make Cartwright an
offer, though it remains to be seen if he
will accept one instead from a team closer
to his Northern California roots, such as
Golden State or Sacramento. "I think it's
going to be up to Bill," said Jordan.
There is no such ambivalence in his
feelings about Paxson. "Pax signed his
own contract with his play in the Finals,
and if they don't sign him, I will be one up-
set Bull," said Jordan. "Anybody playing
beside me is going to have to knock down
those shots that Pax did in the Finals.
We've always communicated well on the
floor, but in the Finals it was really some-
thing. I always knew where he was as soon
as I got double-teamed. And I know how
he wants the ball-waist-high and in
rhythm. He gets it too high or too low, he
doesn't shoot it. I want Pax around, that's
for sure."
And Jordan will probably get him.
Krause had made no move on Paxson as
of last weekend, but the feeling is that the
general manager will make a solid offer
and that Paxson will accept it. The cham-
pionship season was the first in the 25-
year history of the franchise, and Chicago
fans will not take kindly to a major break-
up. As Jordan finished his breakfast on
Saturday, a middle-aged man approached
JOHNSO
his table sheepishly. "I don't want to both-
er you for an autograph, Mr. Jordan," he
said, "but I just have to thank you for what
you've done for Chicago."
32
Indeed, the 1991 Finals will go down as
a championship won for a city that has
given the NBA some of its finest moments
over the years. And it will go down as the
series in which the Bulls' supporting cast
at last shrugged off its tag of "the Jordan-
aries." But make no mistake about it-
the victory belonged most of all to Mi-
chael Jordan, who, for now at least, sits
atop the basketball world, higher even
ANDREW D. BERNSTEIN/NBA PHOTOS
FULLS
than Magic. And for those who felt that
Jordan was already the king, consider the
24
1991 Finals his coronation.
49
91-92
For
Whom
The
Bulls
Toil
BULLS COACH PHIL JACKSON USED DIPLOMACY
- -AND OCCASIONAL STRONG-ARM TACTICS- -
TO KEEP A FIRM HOLD ON HIS NBA CHAMPS
byJACK McCALLUM
Jordan and Pippen got their TLC,
and the Bulls profited.
STATE
DE
SEAL
PHIL
JACKSON
self as he is. Any man who truly sees and
feels himself as he is must surely be meek
indeed."
That quotation, from a book called The
Cloud of Unknowing, written by an
anonymous 16th-century Christian mys-
tic, is printed on an index card and
tacked to a wall in Jackson's office at the
Multiplex, the Bulls' suburban practice
center in Deerfield, Ill. Jackson put it
there partly as a reminder to himself,
partly as an irritant to assistant coach
Johnny Bach, whose view of life is any-
thing but beatific. They argue about it
from time to time-Bach, the former
Navy gunnery officer and father of a
California state trooper, holding that
might makes right; Phil, the former
flower child, clinging to the view that a
man can be humble, passionate, fearful
and even self-doubting, yet still be a
warrior and a winner.
Everything about Jackson's back-
SHEEDY AND LONG
ground suggests a man who has learned
to weigh the warring impulses inside
him and pursue a system of beliefs and
behavior that eludes precise character-
Defense and rebounding made Jackson a useful Knick.
ization. Compared to most coaches, he
comes across like a philosophy profes-
Most Saturday evenings found him at
later use. He loved New York City, yet
sor, a little soft, a little trippy, a little ab-
the dining room table for "family game
later settled his family in Woodstock,
stract. But put him outside the athletic
night." flicking wooden disks around a
N.Y.. among the artisans and bohemi-
world, and he would probably come
rectangular board in a game called Car-
ans. He longed to coach in the NBA, but
across like an ex-jock or a coach-com-
ooms-Jackson calls it Christian pool-
showed up in Chicago to interview for
petitive and driven. Jackson is comfort-
or dealing a couple of hands of Rook, a
an assistant's job with the Bulls wearing
able on his philosophical tightrope.
game with faceless playing cards. the
a Panama hat with a macaw's feather,
reaching out to touch something over
kind that didn't send you straight to hell.
and then tried to explain the legend of
here, then something way over there.
And on Sundays he stood outside the
the feather to his prospective boss, Stan
straddling two worlds, listening to all
Assembly of God Church in Williston.
Albeck.
sides, getting along with everyone.
N.D., next to his father, Charles, the
"His eyes glazed over very early in the
"Phil's like lubricating oil," says June
Pentecostal preacher man. exchanging
interview." says Jackson, who did not
Jackson, his wife of 17 years. "He keeps
handshakes and small talk with fellow
get the job.
everything moving."
believers, a gawky greeter in the service
So what does the sum of all that expe-
The art of the compromise-that is
of the Lord.
rience make the Phil Jackson of today,
what Jackson has mastered. And if his
Not many years later. Phil Jackson
the 46-year-old Phil Jackson who last
accommodations sometimes come out
had long hair. a beard and a restless
season guided the Bulls to their first
looking like paradox, then so be it. The
spirit. He read books on Eastern reli-
NBA title?
Bulls have the greatest open-court play-
gion by day, threw elbows around for the
"A man with a great perspective, a
er in the history of the game, yet Jackson
New York Knicks by night and dabbled
great base of reference, a lot of dimen-
resolutely-many said stubbornly-
in recreational drugs somewhere in be-
sions." says Knick coach Pat Riley.
stuck to a patterned offense last season
tween. He played like a wolf on the
"These days coaches have to offer more.
that was devised a decade before Mi-
prowl. yet ate a careful diet that. for a
You've got to bring more to the table.
chael Jordan was born. There were
while. consisted only of vegetables and
And Phil Jackson brings more to the ta-
times during the playoffs, though, when
vitamin supplements. He tested all the
ble than most coaches I can think of."
Jackson scrapped the patterned "trian-
rules and all the patience of his coach.
gle offense" devised by Bulls assistant
Red Holzman. yet he hung on the older
"Meekness in itself is nothing else than a
Tex Winter in favor of the screen-rolls
man's every word. filing them away for
TRUE KNOWING and feeling of a man's
and isolations used by most NBA teams.
108
92
PHIL
JACKSON
NBA
month, Jackson shrugged his
liston, where, in Fitch's car with the
huge shoulders and climbed into
heater running, the coach persuaded
his suit because he felt he owed it
Jackson to come to the University of
to the franchise. Predictably,
North Dakota. Williston's cold, windy
Jackson did not join the storm of
weather-"You can fly a kite there for-
protest, both within the Chicago
ever," says Fitch-made the people
organization and without, when
tough and competitive, and the loose-
Jordan passed up the ceremony.
limbed Holy Roller was as tough and
"It was a personal choice," said
competitive as anyone. Jackson's fast-
Jackson, referring to Jordan's
ball drew the attention of baseball re-
absence.
cruiters, but Fitch wanted him only for
And while Jackson is now un-
basketball. "It was the right choice,"
comfortable with institutional-
said Fitch, who went on to coach in the
ized religion, he gathers with the
NBA with Cleveland, Boston, Houston
other members of his family
and, now, New Jersey. "He couldn't find
(June. daughters Chelsea, 16, and
home plate with a Geiger counter."
Brooke, 14, and 12-year-old fra-
One of the turning points in Jackson's
ternal twins Ben and Charley)
life occurred late in his freshman year at
BHINS 1111
once a week in their home in Ban-
North Dakota when he took a long drive
nockburn, a Chicago suburb, to
with his older brother, Joe, then a grad-
talk about spiritual subjects and
uate student at the University of Texas.
When Collins (above, left) got the
other matters of the heart. (An-
Joe had become skeptical about the va-
boot, Jackson got Jordan.
other daughter, Elizabeth, 23,
lidity of fundamentalism, and Phil, slow-
lives in Washington.)
ly but surely, was beginning to question
Jackson is by nature egalitarian. yet he
Such efforts go largely unappreciated
his own beliefs, too. The changes within
admittedly bends team rules to accom-
in Bigfork. Mont., where Phil's mother,
modate Jordan. He wrote a controver-
Elisabeth. an erstwhile soul-saving,
sial and candid book about his career
street-corner evangelist in her own
JOHN BIRVER
(Maverick), and Lord knows he could be
right, who's alone now that Charles has
happy only in an open society. yet he's
gone to his just reward, prays often for
extremely wary of the press and some-
her son's soul. "My mother still tells me,
what secretive about team matters.
Fifteen hundred people witnessed you
The Bulls' 1990-91 championship
being given to God. given to the service
season brought Jackson dozens of invi-
of the Lord. Jackson says. "She really
tations to clinics and corporate gather-
sees that as the fulfillment of my life, not
ings, yet the only thing that drew him
basketball. I guess in some small way she
away from his isolated family retreat
considers me a success. certainly by fi-
along Flathead Lake in Montana over
nancial standards. But spiritually? She
the summer was a low-paying appear-
has her doubts."
ance at a holistic summer camp near
Woodstock. He is determined not to be-
Growing up in Williston. then a hard-
come a human billboard like Mike
scrabble town of about 11,000 near the
Ditka, his counterpart with the Bears
Montana border. Jackson heard more
(whom, somewhat incredibly. Jackson
than his share of Holy Roller jibes, but
has never met). yet he did sign on for
he was never an outcast. If there was a
one local commercial with a Cadillac
school activity. chances are he was in it.
dealer because-hold on to your love
His parents did not hold him back as
beads all you '60s devotees-he drives
long as fundamentalist doctrine was not
one. I didn't want to turn the champi-
violated. He took piano lessons, played
onship into a capitalistic conquest." said
trombone in the school band and acted
Jackson. "But, let's face it. I took the
in high school. productions. He was a
commercial. and any commercial is basi-
split end. a defensive lineman and line-
cally self-serving." Had Jackson, a liber-
backer (now there's a trio) in the fall, a
al Democrat. been invited to the White
high-scoring center in the winter, a
House by a conservative Republican
pitcher-first baseman in the spring.
president 10 years ago. he might not
An ambitious young basketball coach
have gone. yet when the call came for
named Bill Fitch first visited with Jack-
the Bulls to visit with George Bush last
son on a bitter spring afternoon in Wil-
113
EXIT
92
PHIL
JACKSON
NBA
the Continental Basketball Association.
friendship, and they still repeat it often:
"Often he walked to games in New
"Basketball's not a metaphor for life.
York, and everybody talked to him-
Life's a metaphor for basketball."
bums, kids, cops, businessmen. It didn't
On the court, Jackson was never con-
make a difference. Everybody just
fused with a ballet dancer-his move-
somehow trusted Phil."
ments still suggest one of those loose-
Jackson's revelation in Maverick, pub-
jointed skeletons that get nailed to the
lished in 1975, of his occasional drug use
front door on Halloween-but he
caused a stir. "I was quick to realize that
played the game intensely, intelligently
you don't get dropped on the stage with-
and unselfishly. Before Holzman had an
out a certain price," says Jackson. He
assistant, he sometimes sent Jackson to
scout the opposition
him were wrenching ones-he was, after
(telling him to buy a
all, a kid who came to college unable to
meal on the team in ex-
accept the principles of Darwinism
change for his work),
taught in biology class because they con-
because he trusted
flicted with the biblical story of cre-
Shots
Jackson's basketball
ation-and he couldn't ignore them. He
mind. They didn't have
began to choose courses from all over
anything in common-
the North Dakota curriculum, finally
the traditional, conser-
ending up with a composite major in
vative New Yorker in
psychology, religion and philosophy-
his Brooks Brothers
three good reasons to read a lot of
suits, and the bearded,
books and get into a lot of heady, late-
inquisitive, tie-dyed
night discussions. Having been a prison-
soul from the north-
er of rigid dogma for so long. Jackson
except for a mutual
found great joy in simple intellectual
respect.
freedoms that others took for granted.
Jackson appreciated
Certainly he was not the first college
what he calls Holzman's
student to rebel against his background.
BILL. SMITH
"tender touch," his
but the difference is that once Jackson
knack for compromise
started to question, he never stopped.
and conciliation. "He
His life became-and to a certain extent
Could the '60s flower child have ever
never overloaded you
still is-a constant reexamination, a de-
pictured himself as champion coach?
with advice. He doled it
sire, as he puts it, "to see what doors I
out in small packets and
could open."
doesn't regret his candor in Maverick-
in a variety of ways," says Jackson. "He
"I think the myopic way I grew up-
regret isn't his style-but June despises
had a featherweight punch that hit you
and that's the best word to describe it-
the book. "People forget that everyone
like a knockout blow." Some of Jack-
led to my experimentation." says Jack-
changes," she says. "What Phil was-or
son's off-the-court coaching strata-
son. "Everything that happened to me
any of us were, for that matter-15 years
gems-giving his players books to read
in the 1960s was in tune with my back-
ago is not what he is today."
on road trips, taking a bus instead of a
ground. The whole psychedelic experi-
Jackson feels that he was distrusted
plane so they could see the country-
ence or an LSD trip was. as Timothy
by certain segments of the NBA estab-
side-are really new-age Holzman.
Leary said, 'a religious experience."
lishment for a while, but these days his
Still, no one figured Jackson for the
The number of professional coaches
counter-culture leanings are generally
coaching type-including Jackson him-
who quote Timothy Leary is. to be sure.
forgotten or treated with humor. After
self, who wrote in Maverick that coach-
quite small. And as a forward for the
he lit a smudge stick of sagebrush in his
ing wasn't for him because he couldn't
Knicks from 1967-68 through '77-78.
office a couple of seasons ago, for exam-
deal with the egos and eccentricities of
Jackson opened a few doors that made
ple, a few players stuck their heads in
the players. But after he was traded to
his coaches a little skittish. But even
the door and said, "Oh, back to smokin'
the New Jersey Nets in 1978 and be-
when he was living a mild version of the
a little dope. eh, coach?" Actually, in
came a player-assistant coach under
psychedelic life, there was something
some Indian tribes the lighting of sage is
Kevin Loughery, he found he liked
about him that was stable. something
a ritual of purification-one just doesn't
coaching.
eminently sensible. "He's the most com-
see it much in the NBA.
Jackson's playing career ended in
fortable person I've ever known, and
Anyway, whatever Jackson was ques-
1980. He ran a health club in Montana
that comes through to people," says
tioning in the late-1960s and mid-'70s, it
for a year and then rejoined the Nets as
Charley Rosen, Jackson's co-author of
was never his love for basketball. He
a TV commentator for a season before
Maverick and later his assistant coach in
and Rosen coined a saying early in their
taking the head coaching job with the
114
92
PHILJACKSON
Rico, where he had been supple-
whether he would paint the locker room
menting his income with summer
black or hire Jerry Garcia as a scout-it
coaching stints, to protect himself
was his ability to come up with an offen-
from the sun. "It's not just a hat,"
sive game plan. As a player he averaged
says Jackson, who still has it, "it's
only 6.7 points per game in a 13-year ca-
agreat hat." Albeck took one look
reer, during which he concentrated on
at it and wouldn't let Jackson sell
defense. "In his ability to guard every
ice cream to his team, much less
position on the floor, he was ahead of
coach it. "And this from a guy
his time defensively," says Holzman.
who frizzes his hair," says Jack-
"Tex's system is exactly what I was
son, smiling.
looking for," said Jackson. "When I got
Jackson stayed with the Pa-
here, there was a feeling of impotence
troons for almost five seasons be-
among some players who were eliminat-
fore tiring of the CBA and quit-
ed from the process of ball movement. I
ting after the 1986-87 season. He
came from the Knick system that incor-
was considering graduate school
porated all five players. Tex's system
and filing for unemployment
made a lot of sense."
when Krause called again in Sep-
It was Jackson's job to sell the system
tember '87 to ask him to interview
to the players, particularly Jordan, who
for an assistant's job that had
openly derided it. The coach and the su-
opened up under Doug Collins.
perstar played a constant game of give-
"This time, Phil," said Krause,
and-take, Jackson at times turning the
"come in here the right way."
game over to Jordan in exchange for
Hatless, featherless and clean-
Jordan's sometimes sacrificing points
shaven, Jackson was hired. And
for passes. "It was a difficult sell to Mi-
when Collins was fired after the
chael," says Jackson, "and it will contin-
1988-89 season, Jackson was ele-
ue to be difficult."
vated to the head job as, accord-
The compromise system worked to
ing to Krause, "the only candi-
perfection in The Finals against the
date I ever considered."
Lakers, as did Bach's stifling defense;
Two major reasons Collins was
the Bulls were simply an overpowering
fired were his emotional volatility
team in June. Whether or not they will
(initially a strength because he
be as overpowering this season is any-
OV IN
was able to motivate a young
one's guess, but, obviously, Jackson's
team, later a problem because the
continued rapport with Jordan will be a
Bulls started tuning him out) and
major factor.
The coach and the Jackson five,
his refusal to accept Winter's of-
"Phil spent the first half of the year
Charley, June, Chelsea, Brooke
fensive system. Jackson was clear-
trying to build a solid foundation, get-
and Ben, hit the court.
ly of more even temperament
ting everyone involved, and I under-
than Collins and, just as clearly,
stood that," said Jordan recently. "Yes,
Albany Patroons of the CBA in 1983.
had more respect for Winter. Collins,
I was frustrated at times in the system,
He moved his family to Woodstock,
who would not comment for this story,
but, basically, I understood it. And in
trading the 110-mile round-trip com-
has said that he believes that Jackson
the second half of the season he was a
mute to Albany for the experience of liv-
worked behind the scenes to backstab
little more free-wheeling, a little more
ing. in a counter-culture environment.
him. partly by guaranteeing that he
willing to open it up. It worked. You
When Bulls general manager Jerry
would accept Winter's triple-post sys-
have to say it worked, and I give him
Krause called him in 1985 to interview
tem if he got the head job. Both Jackson
credit for it. Phil was good for our team,
for an assistant's job with Albeck. he felt
and Krause vehemently deny that there
and that's what matters."
he was ready for the NBA but not neces-
was any politicking to get Collins fired.
Off the floor, any coach of Jordan's
sarily ready to fit the mold. "I wanted
"It's a move that had to be made," says
has an even more difficult time. Before
jobs, but I wanted them on my terms,"
Krause. "I remember when Phil told me
they almost magically peaked in June,
says Jackson, "and I was still young
he was going with Tex's system, and it
the Bulls were not a particularly harmo-
enough to believe that could happen. I
was well after he was hired. Frankly, yes,
nious band of merry men. There was
wasn't flaunting anything. I wore suits-
I was glad to hear it because I happen to
grumbling about Jordan from his team-
don't forget I spent my whole boyhood
think Tex Winter is a genius. But it was
mates and complaints about the special
in Sunday clothes-but, yes. I had the
not a condition of Phil's hiring."
treatment afforded him, much of it soon
beard." And he had the Panama hat, a
If there was one question about Jack-
to become public in a book entitled Jor-
model that he had picked up in Puerto
son as a head coach, though, it was not
dan Rules, written by Sam Smith of The
116
P
H
I
L
J
A
C
K
S
0
N
Chicago Tribune. Both Jackson and Jor-
traordinary natural ability. Pippen is a
Jackson, somewhat the cockeyed ideal-
dan are awaiting its publication in late
proud and emotional man, too, and it
ist, plunges on, seeking to redefine the
fall. though not eagerly. Jackson de-
took of every bit of Jacksonian diploma-
role of coach, to find a way to make a
fends whatever he did and still must do
cy not only to teach him the finer points,
difference, probing, weighing, compro-
to accommodate Jordan.
but also to convince him they were nec-
mising. And one wonders when his rest-
"My first concern when I got the job
essary. Pippen improved so much last
less mind will tell him to move on.
was trying to treat Michael as equally as
season that he landed a spot, with Jor-
"Tell you the truth, I'm surprised he
possible on the court." said Jackson.
dan. on the 1992 U.S. Olympic team.
got into coaching," says Fitch. "Not that
"That's what our offensive system is all
"The best thing that happened to us
he couldn't handle it, but because I
about. But there is no possible
thought he'd be a Bill Bradley
way to treat him like every other
type, maybe a senator from
player off the floor. He cannot
North Dakota." Says Holzman,
walk downstairs in a hotel with-
"I still think he could go back
out being mobbed. I've walked
and be governor of North Da-
past his room and seen eight.
kota." June Jackson suggests
sometimes 10 service people-
that her husband's secret dream
hotel employees!-outside his
is to head the Bureau of Indian
door. lurking to see if he comes
Affairs in a Democratic admin-
out. flowers and candy all over
istration of Bradley's, who is still
the place. Unlike other players
a close friend. Jackson has a
he has to have people travel
deep interest in Native Ameri-
with him to filter some of this
can culture and is surely the
out. We made our rules strict.
only NBA coach with a Xeroxed
His friends couldn't ride on the
copy of a postcard of Sioux sign
team bus or the team charter.
language on his desk, right there
but they could be with him on
next to Winter's Triple-Post Of-
the road. There is a difference
fense and John Wooden's Prac-
in the way he's treated. yes. but
OVER
tical Modern Basketball.
there's also a difference in the
"Well, I do want to do some-
way he produces. A big dif-
thing worthwhile after basket-
ference. And that must be
This lid once cost Jackson a Bulls job.
ball." said Jackson, "but I'm just
weighed. There are jealousies
not sure what it is. Everything
that other players must overcome. If
was that Scottic took to our coaching
comes with a price. Indian Affairs?
they do. we'll be a great team. If they
and trusted our intuition," says Jackson.
Sure, it would interest me. But I've got
don't. it's going to be a long season."
"We encouraged him to provide certain
time. I'll study my options."
If some Bulls resented the special
skills. He worked. for example, on dif-
Of course he will. A few summers ago.
treatment given Jordan, almost all of
ferent backboard angles on his shots,
Jackson went to a Pentecostal service
them appreciated the individual treat-
when to take his shot. knowing when he
back in Bigfork just to please his moth-
ment they received from Jackson.
had to score and when he didn't. The
er. During the sermon the preacher be-
"This is not an easy team to coach."
maturing of Scottic Pippen as a player
gan hammering upon the point that
says veteran center Bill Cartwright.
was a major factor in our winning."
there were three sinners in the congre-
"There are so many guys who can really
Indeed. Jackson searches constantly
gation, three influential men who had
play. who really want to take all the big
for ways to enlighten his players, to ex-
turned their back on the Lord by staying
shots. and there were lots of times. of
pand the limited frame of reference
away from the church.
course. when Michael felt he could sim-
held by many modern-day athletes. The
"Come forward now and save your-
ply take over. One of the things Phil did
books. the side trips. the subliminal and
selves!" he shouted. "Come forward
was get Michael to accept his role. And
overt messages he slips into game films.
and receive the blessings of God!"
the other thing he did was coach his
his prattling on about the lessons of his-
Jackson recognized the technique-
players like individuals. With me. for ex-
tory-all those, he hopes, will have
Lord knows he had seen it enough-but
ample, he wanted to make sure I was
some kind of effect. "I'd like to do
he stared straight ahead. Two of the
healthy. make sure I was getting enough
more." says Jackson. "When we're in
men finally gave in to the altar call and
rest. And the fact that he cares about his
Washington I'd like to take the team to
went forward to be saved. The preacher
players off the court gets through. too."
the Senate chamber instead of shoot-
kept hammering away at the one who
In some respects. 26-year-old Scottie
around. I'd like us all to go to an art mu-
didn't. But Jackson stayed in his seat, ex-
Pippen is as difficult for a coach as Jor-
seum. College coaches are able to do
pression unchanged.
dan is. Pippen's game was rough and un-
that kind of thing once in a while, but as
"Sometimes you just have to harden
disciplined. and it was a constant strug-
a professional I have to be careful. Hav-
your heart," he said later, "and wait it
gle for Jackson to harness Pippen's ex-
ing to win the game gets in the way." But
out."
118
SPORTSMAN OF THE YEAR
Alone
Michael Jordan, a singular sportsman and
BY JACK MCCALLUM
AT THE RELATIVELY TENDER AGE OF 28, HE STANDS ALONE ON
the mountaintop, unquestionably the most famous athlete on
the planet andone of its most famous citizens of any kind. We've
heardi so often that it's now a cliché, though nonetheless accu-
rate: He transcends sports. He keeps a championship ring on his
dresser at home and will be making room for another if his team
(18-3 at week's end) plays the next six months of the season the
wayit has played the first two A two-time MVP, he was probably
the best player in the world even before Magic Johnson's retire-
ment, but now the subject isn't even worth debating.
He will earn about $25 million in 1992, only $3.8 million of it
from his day job-the rest, an astonishing $21.2 million, from a
flood of endorsements. His name and his face are on sneakers,
sandwiches, soft drinks and cereal boxes, to mention just a few
items. He has a lovely and loving wife, two adorable sons and a
relationship with his parents that is so good, the sappiest sitcom
wouldn't touch it. He is bothered somewhat by tendinitis and a
bone spur in his left knee but is otherwise in outstanding health.
He has trouble off the tee from time to time, but his handicap is
still in single figures and any number of professional tutors are at
his beck and call.
And, so, despite a few esthetic drawbacks-near baldness,
skinny legs, overly long basketball trunks and the continuing ten-
dency to stick out his tongue-we honor Michael Jeffrey Jordan
as our Sportsman of the Year for 1991.
It is a virtual certainty that since the award originated in 1954,
no athlete has been as popular on a worldwide scale as Jordan is
now and, for that matter, has been for the last several years. He
has surpassed every standard by which we gauge the fame of an
athlete and, with few exceptions, has handled the adulation with
a preternatural grace and ease that have cut across lines of race,
age and gender.
"He has a level of popularity and a value as a commercial
spokesman that is almost beyond comprehension," says Nova
Lanktree, director of the Burns Sports Service in Chicago, an or-
ganization that has been lining up athletes for commercials and
tracking their popularity for more than two decades. "It is a sin-
gular phenomenon. It never happened before and may not ever
happen again."
Although it is the singularity of Jordan that is so often cele-
brated-no one dunks, smiles or sells sneakers the way he
does-it is no coincidence that he is being honored by SI only
after his team, the Chicago Bulls, won a championship. Jordan's
seven-year NBA career has been, curiously, both a rocket to
stardom and a struggle for vindication. To many NBA observ-
ers, the Bulls had to win it all before Jordan could conclusively
prove that he was more than a high-flying sideshow or a long,
Slam-
The Jordan specialty: an incandescent moment.
66
f
M the
d
athlete, stands at the pinnacle of his game
- WILKINS Chicago Tribune
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97
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SPORTSMAN OF THE YEAR
Michael Jordan
loud ring of the cash register. They did. And so he did.
total respect on the floor. But Robertson, though a superb ath-
Superstars should be judged, first and foremost, for their con-
lete, was subject to the laws of gravity (as Jordan is not) and was
sistency, their ability to produce over the long haul, as Jordan
never nearly as exciting.
most assuredly has (he has averaged between 22.7 and 37.1
Can Jordan dominate a game in the manner of Chamber-
points in each of his eight seasons). But the most unforgettable
lain-he of the 100-point game and the 50.4-point scoring aver-
of the breed also offer a collection of moments, rare and incan-
age (in 1961-62)? Not when today's double-teaming and trap-
descent, and Jordan has given us a wide assortment of those:
ping can take the ball out of one man's hands for long stretches
writhing and twisting his way through the Celtics to score 49 and
of the game. But by dint of nonstop effort, a rage to play that Wilt
63 points at Boston Garden in the 1986 playoffs; exploding for
never possessed, Jordan comes close. "Every single game, Jor-
40 points to win the MVP award at his "home" All-Star game at
dan plays every single play like it's his last," says Los Angeles
Chicago Stadium in '88;
Clippers guard Doc Rivers.
dribbling the length of the
Then, too, Wilt never pro-
floor, pulling up and hitting
WALTER 100SS
vided the level of anticipa-
a 14-foot jump shot to send
tion that Jordan does merely
Game 3 of last year's Finals,
by touching the ball. Out
which the Bulls went on to
comes the tongue, from side
win, into overtime.
to side goes the head, and
Is Jordan the greatest
down goes the ball in a hard
ever? A definitive answer is
dribble. What's going to hap-
impossible, of course, as it
pen? What will he do now?
has been whenever the ques-
Julius Erving came close to
tion has been applied to Wilt
inspiring that same edge-of-
Chamberlain, Oscar Robert-
the-seat drama, but the Doc-
son, Larry Bird or Magic.
tor never had Jordan's offen-
But a case can certainly be
sive repertoire, lacking
made. Of that distinguished
mainly the pull-up jumper
quartet, only Chamberlain
that makes the contempo-
could begin to match Jor-
rary Jordan more unstoppa-
dan's pure athleticism, but
ble than ever.
put that aside for a moment
It might be hard to fathom
and consider his basketball
because he has been a house-
skills and the way he plays
hold name for so long, but
the game:
Jordan is now at the absolute
Jordan is now a better
peak of his career and could
shooter than Bird, not from
be the league's MVP for an-
Never has an athlete been as popular on a worldwide scale as Jordan is right now.
long range, certainly, but from 20 feet in. "I don't do much
other three or four years. His contract (as presently structured,
shooting in the summer anymore, so I don't completely under-
anyway) extends to the end of the 1995-96 season, after which he
stand it myself," says Jordan. "But it's a fact. Everything about
says he'll retire. Maybe. So, barring injury, look for, at a mini-
it-my mechanics, when to take the shot, the release-feels bet-
mum, another 12,000 points, 1,800 rebounds, 1,000 steals, and
ter and smoother."
five million tongue-waggings from the wondrous athletic ma-
He is not a better passer than the Magic of the 1980s, but were
chine that is Air Jordan.
the Bulls, like the Lakers, a fast-break team and were Jordan,
"Michael-he's the best," says San Antonio Spurs coach
like Magic, a point guard, he very well might be. And in half-
Larry Brown. "I grew up with Connie Hawkins. I saw Julius at his
court situations, when called upon to give up the ball under pres-
peak. No one went through the ACC like David Thompson. I
sure and find the open man at the last conceivable second, he is
love Magic and Larry. But Michael, as far as what I've seen.
without peer.
Brown stops and shakes his head. "I'd pay money to see him
Jordan never put up rebounding numbers from the backcourt
play. I'd pay money to see him practice."
like those of Robertson, who averaged 7.5 per game over 14 sea-
There are times when his teammates would no doubt pay
sons. But the Big 0 played in an era when, at 6' 5", he was often
money so that Jordan would not practice. His almost psychotic
among the bigger players on the floor, while Jordan, in the era of
competitiveness in even the most casual practice situation
the seven-footer, is no worse than the second-best rebounding
has caused some strain over the years, much of which has
guard in today's game (behind the Portland Trail Blazers' Clyde
been chronicled in The Jordan Rules, the best-seller written by
Drexler). Jordan and Robertson are similar in a way, dynamic,
the Chicago Tribune's Sam Smith. But, ultimately, what hath it
demanding and fearless leaders who command nothing less than
wrought? A much grittier Chicago team, that's certain. The
68
Bulls had won 17 of their last 18 games through Sunday.
did in The Jordan Rules]. I've made some bad endorsements, like
as
Jordan is, as usual, playing superbly. Never mind the scoring, a
Time Jordan [a watch deal Jordan signed with a Canadian com-
category in which he has led the NBA for the last five seasons
pany, Excelsior, that never got ticking]. But what do you know
and in which he is leading again, with a 29.5 average, or the
when you're 21 and 22 going through all this? You mature as you
shooting percentage (.531, second in the league among guards).
go through it all, but you're not mature when it starts."
He and forwards Scottie Pippen and Horace Grant have become
There are not many 28-year-old multimillionaires who are
like a Bermuda Triangle on defense, swallowing up offenses with
forced into such introspection about their images, and in all like-
their court-covering capabilities, and that is why Chicago is
lihood, a more cautious, less childlike Jordan will evolve out of
clearly the best team in the NBA. Jordan's detractors would
his self-examination. David Burns, president of Burns Sports
theorize that he has now stepped back and given players like Pip-
Service, says he doesn't see any backlash against Jordan: "He's
S.
pen and Grant the chance to
as wildly popular as ever and
breathe and make a name
RICHARD MACKSON
still worth every dollar any
for themselves. But in point
advertiser wants to pay him."
of fact, Jordan's own will to
But Jordan feels it is better
succeed, as thorny as it may
to hear the whistle in the dis-
sometimes be, has inspired
tance than to get run over by
his teammates to reach their
the train, and as a remedy for
potential.
overkill, he's talking about
"I look forward to playing
reducing his off-the-court
now, more than ever, Jor-
commitments, taking a step
dan said recently, relaxing in
back, becoming a more pri-
his hotel suite in Berkeley,
vate person.
Calif., before a game against
"I don't need my name in
the Golden State Warriors.
lights to keep going," says
"It's the only place I can get
Jordan. "I know people
relief from what's happening
think I do, but I don't. If you
off the court. It's always
told me in college that within
been that way to a certain ex-
a year my face would be all
tent, but it's even more so
over the world and millions
now. Basketball is my es-
of people would know my
cape, my refuge. It seems
name, I'd have said you were
that everything else is so
crazy. I certainly didn't turn
so busy and complicated."
it down when it came my
Busy he's used to. Compli-
way, but I didn't ask for it,
cated, maybe not. For per-
either."
Jordan can reflect (III 1991 as the year he earned the championship some said he would never attain.
haps the first time in his life, Jordan is sensing a backlash against
He sure got it, though, and now any conversation about him
his fame, a subtle dissatisfaction with the whole idea of Michael
tends to sound like. a global marketing report. Remember the
Jordan. He has heard it in all the talk about The Jordan Rules, he
cynical bumper sticker that came along in the Acquisitive Eight-
has read it in letters to the editor, read it between the lines.
ies? THE ONE WITH THE MOST TOYS IN THE END WINS. Well, Jor-
"Signs are starting to show that people are tired of hearing about
dan has the most toys. Game's over. He's won. So, let's just enjoy
Michael Jordan's positive image and Michael Jordan's positive
the world's best basketball player at the height of his powers.
influence," said Mr. Positive Image and Positive Influence.
The game, after all, is what made Jordan what he is today, and
"Five, six, seven years at the pinnacle of success, and it's got to
fortunately, the game is still what he lives and breathes for. Al-
start turning around. I've always tried to project everything posi-
ready this season he has talked trash with the Warriors' Tim
tive. People say you need role models in the world, and people
Hardaway; shot (and made) a free throw with his eyes closed to
were asking for them, and I-never thought a role model should
have some fun with Denver Nugget rookie Dikembe Mutombo;
be negative. If you wanted negativity, then you wouldn't have
and driven to distraction his hated rivals, the Pistons, with his
asked for Michael Jordan. You might've asked for Mike Tyson
usual dazzling all-around game. He may talk about stepping out
or somebody else.
of the spotlight, but it's not going to happen for a while, not so
"In retrospect, maybe I was wrong. Maybe I should've shown
long as there's an acrobatic slam-dunk left in his Air Jordans and
some negativity, so people had a sense of me as a human being. I
a competitive muscle twitching in his body. The view from the
could've been more honest, I guess, about some of the mistakes I
mountaintop is breathtaking, and there's no place that Michael
made. Like what? Well, I did hit [teammate] Will Perdue in the
Jordan would rather be. Look up and revel in him, for his equal
face. That was a mistake, and I could've talked about it [as Smith
will not soon be along.
69
SPORTSMAN OF THE YEAR
The
For all his fame and fortune, Jordan is,
BY CURRY KIRKPATRICK
BECAUSE THE APPLE DOESN'T FALL FAR FROM THE TREE, ISN'T IT
lowing the Tar Heels' 1984 NCAA tournament upset loss to In-
possible that Michael Jordan is not some sort of glorious phe-
diana, still the most devastating defeat in Jordan's (and coach
nomenon but rather a simple, shining fragment of nature,
Dean Smith's) career.
grounded in family and friends and roots from which he has nev-
Memories. Crystals. Jordan ravages the NBA wearing the left-
er strayed? In a word, yes. If the term homeboy wasn't invented
arm brace he donned in college to honor Peterson, who suffered
for him, surely it should have been
a leg injury against Virginia in 1983 that ended his season. Jor-
Only those who have been vacationing in Baghdad for a de-
dan travels the world checking into hotels under an alias bor-
cade do not know about the Carolina-blue shorts Jordan wears
rowed from the 6' 8" fellow who beat him out for the last spot on
beneath his Bulls uniform to commemorate his undergraduate
the Laney team in '78, when Jordan was a callow sophomore, the
bliss in Chapel Hill; the "love of the game" clause in his contract,
aforementioned Leroy Smith. Jordan shares sports trivia and
which enables him to join pickup games back on the Hill or in his
pool cues, business deals and advancing baldness with Adolph
hometown of Wilmington, N.C., or on the rings of Saturn or any-
Shiver of Charlotte, who was recently introduced on Oprah as
where else he wishes; his friendliness and open-faced approach-
"Michael's best friend" and who introduced himself to Jordan
ability. "Mike will come out to the park and play," says his high
on a junior high playground in '76 by talking trash with a tooth-
school teammate Leroy Smith, now a rep in Los Angeles for a
pick in his mouth. When Jordan is feeling especially blue-most
sporting goods manufacturer.
recently over the ordeal of Magic Johnson-he still picks up the
Smith is not speaking in strictly basketball terms. Jordan al-
car phone and calls David Bridgers, a short, slight Anyman who
ways played, talked, schmoozed, kidded around, associated, con-
wears a baseball cap and lives in a trailer in Wilmington with his
nected with people. "Sometimes I can't believe I actually was on
wife and baby daughter and who manages Hill's Grocery now
the same team with this guy," says Smith. "But, you know, we all
that the local Kroger, where he used to work, has shut down.
were-or with somebody like him. I see him now, and he's still
In chronological order, relationshipswise, that's Bridgers to
just
Mike."
Shiver to Smith to Peterson; white to black to black to white. Is it
Mike? Gatorade didn't originate the tag after all. But if this
any wonder that Jordan would later become known in marketing
sounds like another commercial endorsement, that's because
circles as sports' first multi-racial-societal crossover? Something
sifting through early Jordaniana elicits nothing but homilies
like that.
about truth, fairness and the politically correct American Way.
Jordan and Bridgers have been cheering each other up since
Through the years, Jordan has been compared with a veritable
they were in the third grade, playing baseball and riding bicycles
rainbow coalition of heroes, from Peter Pan to Bill Cosby. Rick
together through the woods around Weavers Acres in North
Brewer, the sports information director at North Carolina,
Wilmington. Jordan claimed "family time" was responsible for
changed Jordan's name to Michael when he was a freshman only
his snubbing of President Bush in October at the Rose Garden
because Brewer thought it sounded better. In maturity, however,
ceremony honoring the NBA champion Bulls; in reality, he was
Jordan was basically a combo of Richie and the Fonz from the
playing golf with a passel of old buddies, including Shiver and
late, lamented TV sap-com Happy Days; if that show had fea-
Bridgers. "Mike told me last summer to lose my Fu Manchu
tured a true minority character, he would have been like Mike.
mustache before Hilton Head," says the 5' 9" Bridgers. "I said
Now, having lost most of his hair and become both a proud fa-
sure-so long as he got rid of his earring. So I shave and show up,
ther and, in his dotage, one of those tedious, 19th-hole chatter-
and there he is, that ear rock glittering away: Then he has the
ing golfers, Jordan hangs on to his own earlier, slap-happy days
nerve to smile and say: 'And it's staying. But David, you sure
as if they were sparkling good-luck crystals. Which they may be.
look good.' Mike? That mug is some shyster."
As far back as his years at Trask Junior High and Laney High
Jordan's mother, the former Deloris Peoples, met James Jor-
in the coastal town of Wilmington, Jordan wore his hair so close-
dan (whom she calls Ray) in 1956 after a high school basketball
cropped that the older guys would give him noogies and call him
game in Wallace, N.C., some 40 miles north of Wilmington,
Bald Head. His dad, James, who worked his way up at the Gen-
when she and her cousin caught a ride home with him. She was
eral Electric plant from mechanic to dispatcher to foreman to
sitting in the backseat when James almost went past her house.
the coat-and-tie supervisor of three departments, also found
"Oh, I didn't realize I had somebody else in here," he said.
time to build a dirt basketball court and two plywood goals out in
"You're pretty cute."
the backyard. And Jordan's beloved golf? His college room-
"You're pretty fresh," she said.
mate, Buzz Peterson (now an assistant coach at North Carolina
"Could be. But someday I'll marry you," he said.
State), and fellow Tar Heel Davis Love III (now a veteran on the
PGA Tour) introduced him to the links as a kind of therapy fol-
At Chapel Hill, Jordan had moves on court and off.
70
Unlihelast Humbey
s,
at heart, just a Carolina kid called Mike
In-
LANE STEWART
Il
or-
or-
Basketballisa
on
he
nd
as
an
h-
AR'S LAW
he
10
to
it
g
es
is
d
u
SON'S LAW
d
SPORTSMAN OF THE YEAR
Michael Jordan
She was all of 15, but someday came surely enough a few years
the world." Jordan's response was to promise Corey $20 for ev-
later after Deloris, homesick at Tuskegee (Ala.) Institute, re-
ery A he earned-a bribe, perhaps, but one with a worthy mes-
turned to the Wilmington area and to James, then on leave from
sage. Maybe this is what Mike meant when he told NBC's Maria
the Air Force. The Jordans had "two sets of children" (Deloris's
Shriver last August that "even my mistakes have been perfect."
term): James Ronald, now 35, an Army sergeant working in
But, as even his mother allows, Michael hasn't always been
communications at Fort Monmouth, N.J., and Deloris Chasten,
perfect. "Way back when I came crying home from Tuskegee,
34, a homemaker in Philadelphia, compose the first set; Larry,
my mother should have put me right back on the train," she says.
29, Michael, 28, and Roslyn, 27, the second.
"I wanted to correct that error with our kids. Mike wasn't the
The Jordan parents, along with Larry and Roslyn, now
easiest to bring up. We had to be stern. But if I'd had to pick one
work for companies associated with their famous son/sib and live
of the children who would turn out this way, yes, he would have
in Charlotte, N.C. Oddly
been the one."
enough, Mike was born at
In fact, Michael was the
the Cumberland County
laziest of the Jordan off-
Hospital in Brooklyn, N.Y.,
spring. "Never knew him to
while his father was in Air
hold a job-or want to," says
Force training. Upon return-
Larry, only semilaughing.
ing to North Carolina, the
Larry is the storied Jordan
Jordans moved from tiny
brother whom Mike credits
Wallace to Wilmington,
with motivating him to much
where James built a large,
of his success in basketball,
split-level tan brick and clap-
the 5' 7" brother who teased
board house on Gordon
Mike about his big ears and
Road with 12 acres of fields
then fought him and dunked
out back and the St. Paul's
on him and beat him all the
Missionary Baptist Church
time in the backyard until
across the street. The mostly
Mike couldn't take it any-
black Weavers Acres neigh-
more and decided to grow
borhood lies about halfway
nearly a foot taller.
between downtown and the
"We grew up one-on-
beach, three miles away,
one," says Larry, who played
where the Jordans used to
in the 6' 4"-and-under
buy fresh shellfish or just sit
World Basketball League
at night on a dock and listen
two years ago. "But the last
to the ocean.
time we competed, he just
Jordan takes his sense of
looked down at my feet,
Some of Mike's most enduring friendships were rged on baseball diamonds back home.
humor from his dad, who used to do work around the house with
and he said, 'Remember whose name is on your shoes."
his tongue hanging out (sound familiar?), his sense of business
While the eldest Jordan brother, who's known as Ron, drove a
from his mom and his work ethic from both. "The Jordans are
school bus and worked at Shoney's before leaving for his life in
from the old school, where education and teachers and adminis-
the military, and while Larry is mechanically oriented, quiet and
trators meant something to parents," says Laney High principal
thrives on privacy, Mike seemed allergic to toil anywhere but on
Kenneth McLaurin. Young Mike got in trouble in school only
athletic fronts. He bribed his brothers and sisters to get out of
once, when he skipped class to go across the street for some junk
doing errands. He was the ultimate jock, the social animal. "He
food at the minimart. Suspended, Mike was made to accompany
could never be in his room by himself," says his mother. "He al-
his mother to her job at the United Carolina Bank, where he
ways had to go out, spend the night with a friend, go camping."
studied all day. "The first year I had him, he was scared to
Jordan quit his only high school job, at a Wilmington hotel, post-
death," recalls Janice Hardy, who taught Jordan algebra and
haste. "Mom!" he explained. "What if my friends saw me? The
trigonometry at Laney. "I liked that. The next year he wound up
boss had me out on the sidewalk, sweeping!"
in the front row. He'd laugh at my jokes and muss my hair. I must
In high school Mike's friends ranged across the board, from
have been a pretty good teacher-he's worth, what, a trillion a
ballplayers to members of the student government to debaters to
couple of times over?"
guys in the band (in which he once played the trumpet).
Jordan's legacy in education and finance seems to have been
"Laney seemed like a family back then," says Leroy Smith. "It
grasped only partly by his six-year-old nephew, Corey Peoples,
had about a 60-40 white-to-black ratio, but it was really cool. No
who, when editorializing upon some recent problems at school,
tension or anything. It was a new school. For there to be no real
announced, "I don't have to do no work; I got the richest uncle in
'sides'-that was unusual. Mike being Mike, he was unusual too.
72
SPORTSMAN OF THE YEAR
Michael Jordan
We all were searching for an identity. But Mike
it
was
like
Ordinarily, though, the young Jordan was reluctant to con-
he'd already found his."
front emotionally charged situations. While he was away at col-
Pre-high school, Jordan's close friend Bridgers, the son of a
lege, a high school friend named Cynthia Canty died of kidney
taxi driver, had moved to Wilmington from South Dakota. But
failure. Jordan went to Wilmington to pay his respects, but he
after his parents were divorced, James Jordan became a surro-
didn't go to the funeral. Likewise, when his grandmother Rosa-
gate dad to this white kid from another planet who shared with
bell Jordan died, he couldn't bear to attend the ceremony. Last
Mike a passion for baseball. The two alternated pitching and
Christmas an interviewer asked Jordan what gift he would cher-
playing centerfield on a Little League team that made the dis-
ish most. He said one more visit with Rosabell. Says Deloris,
trict playoffs and fell one game short of making the Little
"Mike carries a lot inside him. I read that, and I knew."
League World Series (Jordan pitched a two-hitter but lost 1-0 in
There weren't always easy times on the basketball court ei-
the last game). "Before ev-
ther. The Laney Buccaneers
ery pitch, I'd look at Mike in
BUCK MILLER
won 19 games in Jordan's se-
center, and he'd give me
nior season, but they were
thumbs-up," says Bridgers.
eliminated by New Hanover
"With him on the mound, I'd
in the conference tourna-
do the same."
ment when Jordan fouled
While riding bikes one
out against the Wildcats, a
summer afternoon, they
team that featured Kenny
jumped into a neighbor's
Gattison (currently of the
swimming pool. The owners
Charlotte Hornets) and
weren't home, but Bridgers
Clyde Simmons (of the NFL
knew the babysitter. What
Philadelphia Eagles).
he didn't know was that the
Still to come, though,
owners would return right
would be Jordan doing the
away.
following: nailing the basket
"They saw Mike and
that won the NCAA champi-
threw us out," Bridgers says.
onship for the Tar Heels, re-
"The rest of the bike ride he
ceiving two college player of
was very quiet. I asked him if
the year awards, leading the
he knew why they threw us
1984 U.S. Olympic team to
out. He said yes. I asked if it
the gold medal, winning five
bothered him. He said no.
scoring titles in the pros and
Then he just smiled. I'll nev-
ultimately carrying the Bulls
er forget it. He said, 'I got
to the NBA championship.
cooled off enough. How
Oh, yes, and appearing on
Michael takes his sense of humor from dad. his business sense from ToT, his work ethic from both.
about you?' Mike taught me a lot about dealing with prejudice.
the front of the Wheaties box, which Deloris says is what makes
"I got called nigger lover and white trash, but he showed me
her the most proud. "How many moms can walk in the grocery
how to ignore it. Once when I was visiting Mike up at a party in
store and see their son all over the cereal counter?" she asks.
Chapel Hill, a fight broke out along racial lines. He got me out of
There were five Jordans in the class of 1981 at Laney High,
there quick. Mike always said, 'Don't worry about race unless
four girls-one of them Roslyn, who was able to skip a grade so
somebody slaps you in the face.' He's so positive. Every time I
she could accompany her brother to Chapel Hill-and Michael
see him, it's a natural high."
Jeffrey, whose credits in the yearbook, The Spinnaker, read in
Jordan's gravest burden may have come in high school when
part: "Homeroom Rep 10, Spanish Club 11 New Hanover
he was compelled to handle a "situation" in which his two best
Hearing Board 12 Pep Club 10." The Spinnaker sailed into
friends nearly came to blows over remarks Shiver made to Brid-
prescient waters with its parting message to the school's basket-
gers's girlfriend. Bridgers had gone for a stick, but Jordan
ball stars, Jordan and Smith: "Laney only hopes that you
ex-
stopped him from using it and went after Shiver himself. "Mike
pand your talents to make others as proud of you as Laney has
didn't exactly mediate," says a man who remembers the day. "He
been. Always remember Laney as your world."
threw Adolph up against the wall and threatened to kill his butt
Little could The Spinnaker staff have known that soon enough
if that happened again. It was the only time we'd ever seen him
those two alums would turn out to be the same man-at least in
lose his cool."
some hotels on some road trips. Or that jug-eared Michael Jef-
Somehow Shiver and Bridgers both still take part in Jordan's
frey Jordan, all by himself, would pull off one more flying, spin-
golf outings, coexisting peacefully, perhaps out of respect for
ning, double reverse and turn the entire world into just another
their mutual pal. But, oh, those gimmes:
little piece of Laney.
75
WHAT'S
BREWING?
ASK FOR YOUR FAVORITE BEER
foot Barleywine, made by the Sierra Nevada
Like many microbreweries, Berghoff's makes
at Berghoff's restaurant on Ontario Street in Chi-
Brewing Company, a micro in Chico, Calif., has 8
its beers seasonally. "Fall and winter are the big
cago and you might hear something like, "That was
or 9 percent alcohol as a rule.
beer-drinking seasons," Marquardt said, "and
last week," or "We won't do that until February."
Berghoff's is in a factory district northwest of
they are the best times for our porter and stout,
Berghoff's doesn't get its beer off a delivery
the Loop. There was a brewery-restaurant on the
which are heavier, more robust beers. In the
truck; it makes it fresh every day right on the
site before Berghoff's took it over this year, but
spring we'll switch over to double bock and weiss
premises. Berghoff's is more than a restaurant; it's
that doesn't make Berghoff's a newcomer to the
beer, then in the summer we may go to light
also a brewery, one of a number of microbreweries
beer or restaurant business.
lager."
springing up all around the country. Micro-
Herman J. Berghoff came from Dortmund,
"May" is a key word; in a brewery of this size -
breweries and their smaller cousins, brewpubs,
Germany, and opened a brewery in Fort Wayne,
with a maximum production of 7,000 barrels a
cater to a new breed of beer drinker,
year - plans can change over-
the demanding customer who is
night, depending on the weather
and the market. Besides, the entire
tired of what he considers the taste-
less pale potions served up by the
staff is three people: a brewmas-
ter, a brewer and a cellarmaster.
beer-business giants.
Ten years ago, the typical beer
At present, all the beer made at
connoisseur was someone who had
the Chicago brewery is consumed
been exposed to full-bodied beers
in the two Berghoff restaurants.
"We can hand-bottle here if some-
brewed in Europe. Back home he
discovered that microbreweries,
one wants it," Marquardt says,
then in their infancy, were providing
"but any bottled beer you see un-
der our label comes from the brew-
a domestic equivalent to the beer
made abroad. Now the newest mi-
ery in Wisconsin."
Connoisseurs insist on fresh beer.
cro fans are people who discovered
good beer at American micro-
Unlike wine, most beer deteriorates
breweries. Their enthusiasm has
rapidly, even in the bottle, if it's not
pushed the number of microbrewer-
refrigerated. Which presents no
ies in the country past the 200 mark.
problems to microbreweries that
brew and serve their beer on the
Microbreweries and brewpubs
make what are known as specialty
premises. A glass of beer poured
beers. The doyen of microbrewer-
here or at the Adams Street Bergh-
ies, Anchor Brewing Company, in
off's may not have existed three
San Francisco, makes five different
weeks ago. "Ale takes two weeks,"
beers: Anchor Steam; Liberty Ale;
Marquardt says, "lager a bit longer:
Anchor's Christmas Ale, which is brewed at holiday
Ind., in 1887. It was prosperous from the start.
one day for brewing, seven days for fermenting and
time each year, always with a different label; An-
When his beer garnered wide acclaim at the
28 days for aging. Then it's ready to go."
chor Wheat, and Old Foghorn, a barley wine.
Chicago Exposition in 1893, he opened a restau-
The same schedule holds in most brewpubs as
Among Berghoff's beers are light lager, stout,
rant at Adams and State Streets in downtown
well. Brewpubs are usually the only outlet for
weiss, or white, beer, porter, amber ale, Oktober-
Chicago. There he sold his beer for 5 cents a
their beer, although many will bottle what they
fest, double bock and Bicycle Beer. Bicycle Beer,
schooner and gave away sandwiches to attract
make for individual customers. The brewpub,
a registered name, is flavored beer; it may be
trade. That restaurant, considerably more ele-
incidentally, has revived an old American custom
lemon-and-lime - what the French call panaché
gant than it used to be, still thrives under the
known as rushing the growler. That was the
- or berry or apricot flavored. "It's like a malt-
Berghoff name.
practice of sending an office boy out to the local
based cooler instead of a wine-based cooler," says
When the Berghoff brewery in Fort Wayne was
tavern for draft beer. The beer was usually car-
William A. Marquardt, Berghoff's president and
sold in 1955, Berghoff kept its name and recipe and
ried in a growler - a deep tin pan with a tight
chief executive officer.
arranged to have the Joseph Huber Brewing Com-
cover. The advent of canned and bottled beer
Other beers favored by the microbreweries
pany in Wisconsin make its beer in four styles:
seemingly caused the demise of the growler, but
include pale ale, bitter, which really isn't bitter,
regular, dark, light and bock. Huber continues to
the brewpub, which serves only beer on tap, has
and Altbier, which is brewed like an ale, at higher
bottle and distribute beer under the Berghoff name.
given it new life.
temperatures, but stored (lagered) like a beer, at
"Five years ago we got interested in the micro
At one time, microbreweries were defined as
colder temperatures. Malt liquor
concept," Marquardt says, "and
those making 15,000 barrels of beer a year or less.
is just an ordinary pale lager but
this place is the result. Here we
But the Anchor Brewing Company now makes
with more than 5 percent alcohol.
William Marquardt.
have a Chicago base, and we can
well over 50,000 barrels and at least one, the
Some states require the micro-
above, who runs
make all kinds of specialty beers
Boston Beer Company, distributes its Samuel
breweries and brewpubs to call all
Berghoffs operations,
on a small scale. And we have a
Adams beer in big European cities.
their beers and ales with more
ready-made clientele for them."
Are microbreweries the wave of the future?
says winter is
than 5 percent alcohol malt liquor.
The restaurant occupies most of
Yes and no; their popularity continues to grow,
the season for
Barley wine, of course, has noth-
the ground floor of the brewery,
but the annual production of all of them combined
ing to do with wine; it is an ale with
robust brews like
with the gleaming copper of fer-
would not equal what a brewer like Anheuser-
a very high alcohol content. Big-
porter and stout.
menting kettles in full view.
Busch makes in a single day.
PHOTOGRAPH BY PAUL L. MERIDETH FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
108
Administration of Ronald Reagan, 1988 / Sept. 30
make up stories, jokes, and tell them among
on, jump. Go over the fall." And he did.
themselves, which reveals they've got a
And my man went down the rocks around
great sense of humor, but also a little cyni-
the fall to see if he could be of help. And
cism about their way of life. And just as I
there he was down there wringing out his
of
was coming home from the Moscow
shirt. And he said, "When he told you to
summit, I got another new one that was
jump and go over the falls, why did you do
handed to me. This is their story, this is the
that?" He said, "I got a wife and three
way they treat it, and it shows a little differ-
kids." [Laughter]
ence between two systems.
The story has it that I and Gorbachev are
So, thank you all, and God bless you all.
in his limousine. And I had the head of our
Secret Service unit, and he had his chief
Note: The President spoke at 12:49 p.m. at
security man with him. And we were sight-
Wozniak's Casino. He was introduced by
seeing. And we got out to where there was
Gov. James R. Thompson. In his opening
a waterfall. And we got out of the car to
remarks, he referred to the late Aloysius
look at the waterfall. And the Secretary
Mazewski and his wife, Florence, who was
General Gorbachev said to my man, "Go
seated beside the President. He also referred
ahead, jump. Go over the fall." And my
to Representative Jack Davis; Stanley Woz-
man said, "I've got a wife and three kids."
niak, owner of the casino; and Mr. Woz-
So he turned to his own man and said, "Go
niak's mother, Theresa.
Remarks at a Republican Party Fundraiser in Chicago, Illinois
September 30, 1988
to
Thank you very much. And, Jim, I thank
34, Sweetness itself, Walter Payton. Let me
you for that introduction. And thank you,
tell you something about that town: It ain't
Mike Galvin and Dick Morrow. And I'd like
no Second City!
to say hello to Congresswoman Lynn
Of course, it's not exactly the same place
of
Martin, who happens to be the Congress-
it was in the old days. I remember hearing
woman where my hometown is-or was.
about a fellow who was assigned to be a
And my valued friend and old colleague,
precinct watcher on election day here. He
Howard Baker. And again, a special thank
saw a fellow walk in and vote and walk out.
a
you to Jim Thompson for that marvelous
And then the same fellow came in again,
of
introduction. Jim, you're a great guy and an
only this time with a different hat on-
even greater Governor and a man who
[laughter]-and voted. And then he came
gives new meaning to an old phrase-be-
in again, only this time with a different
a
cause unlike some Governors, Jim, you took
sport coat on, and voted. And the first
the Pledge. [Laughter]
fellow went up to the precinct captain and
Now, they tell me I'm standing right in
said, "Hey, I think that man voted three
to
front of the pork bellies pit here. [Laughter]
times already." And the precinct captain
That's funny, I never knew Congress spent
said, "Three times? That's impossible. He's
time in Washington-or in Chicago, I
not even dead yet." [Laughter]
should say. [Laughter] They spend time in
Seriously, it's a great pleasure to be here
in
Washington-and spend it and spend it.
on the floor of the Merc because this is a
[Laughter] Actually, I might have to revise
place devoted to the future. And believe
my opinion of Congress if that were true,
me, when you've had as much past as I
because anyone with half a brain knows
have, you just love the future. [Laughter]
to
that this is one of the world's great towns. A
Just think, only a few hours ago traders and
city that's home to Saul Bellow and Allan
brokers were waving their arms, screaming
Bloom and Ernie Banks and yes, Number
themselves hoarse, betting on the future.
1255
Sept. 30 / Administration of Ronald Reagan, 1988
Come to think of it, they were a lot like the
crowd in New Orleans during and after one
change. We began the change 8 years ago.
Now, let me talk a little bit about that
But we didr
of the finest speeches I've ever heard, given
by one of the finest men I've ever known, 2
change: We're in the 70th straight month of
work ourselve
economic recovery. We've been dedicated
encouraging t
fellow by the name of George Bush.
Some people want to talk this year about
to slashing taxes and liberating the Ameri-
manding noth
cellence isn't
competence. Well, I say, fine, let's talk
can economy from the regulations and con-
about competence. I just happen to think
fiscations of the "malaise" years. When we
ophy that says
cause that is V
that the youngest flier in the Navy with 58
came into office, families everywhere were
can." Excellen
combat missions, the Texas wildcatter who
reeling from tax rates that were sapping
this nation's initiative. We took that money
going to get it
made his own way in the world, the Repub-
We've gone
lican Congressman from Houston, the chair-
out of the grasping hands of the Washing-
man of the Republican Party, the de facto
ton bureaucrats and put it back in the wal-
system, appoi
who respect t
Ambassador to China, the Ambassador to
lets of the people from whom they confis-
meaning of th
the United Nations, the Director of the
cated it in the first place: the working men
crime has falle
Central Intelligence Agency, and the Vice
and women of America.
cause we put
President of the United States has it just
But you know, I have to interrupt myself
Make a false I
about wrapped up in the competence de-
right here with just a little anecdote from
hear is the C
partment. We've all seen what a brilliant
my previous days as Governor of California.
shut.
job he's done in the past, and I can promise
I came into a situation there as Governor
We've gone
you he's going to do an even better job in
that was about the same as I came into in
fenses. We're
the future.
Washington a few years ago. But the differ-
world. Our A
Looking ahead to the future is something
ence between the two parties is evidence of
America is at
George Bush has in common with the
this. We began to have surpluses, and about
allies stood fi
people who work on this floor. It's also
the fourth surplus was the biggest. And
siles pointing
something he has in common with all of
each time that we had a surplus, we gave it
Asia. And Mr
you and with the Republican Party as a
back to the people by way of the tax
He did busine
whole. You know, it used to be that being a
system. Well, this fourth one was big
business; and
Republican in Cook County was a little bit
enough, and each time I would have to-I'd
America ha
like being Elliot Ness in "The Untouch-
find out first that we were going to have a
distance in th
ables"-{laughter]-outnumbered in a big
surplus so that I could go public and tell the
has faded of
way. But more and more Chicagoans are
people what we were going to do with it.
policy crises t
beginning to realize that if you want to go
I had a Democratic legislature, and then
dent Bush an
with a future of opportunity, economic
they couldn't quite take on the people after
so many thing
growth, and peace through strength, there's
they'd heard that I was giving them back
right after M
only one place to turn: the party of Abra-
the money. [Laughter] And this particular
do the cancar
ham Lincoln, the Republican Party.
day, a leader-Democratic leader in the
Yes, let's ta
But I'm delighted to see so many new
senate-stormed into my office and hit my
years before
faces in this room, a sign of the change in
desk. And he said, "Mr. President, giving
to Washington
Republican fortunes in Cook County. And
that money back to the people is an unnec-
Nicaragua, an
of course, there are two fellows here who
essary expenditure of public funds."
Ambassador
really have seen the light, men of vision
[Laughter] I think that kind of sums up the
by Communi
and tenacity, Jim O'Grady and Ed Vrdo-
difference between our two philosophies.
invaded by S
lyak. They saw the light and came aboard,
which is fine by me. It's no secret I used to
The result has been astounding. In the
what was goin
past years, we've seen an explosion of hard
The misery
be a Democrat before I saw the light, too.
work and innovation across this country,
by adding the
Only when I saw the light, I had to ask
people putting their shoulders to the wheel
unemploymer
Tom Edison, "What in heck is that thing,
anyway?" [Laughter]
and shifting their entrepreneurial energies
ed in the 197
into overdrive. And now more Americans
candidate C
George and our party look to the future-
are at work today, an amazing 62.7 percent
against Jerry
a future of continued growth, a future of
of all-this is what is considered to be the
misery index
expanded opportunity, a future of peace. I
potential employment pool-of all Ameri-
has a right t
hear some people say it's time for a change.
Well, ladies and gentlemen: We are the
cans, male and female, from age 16 and up.
misery index
And 62.7 percent of that group have jobs.
1976. In 198
misery index,
1256
Administration of Ronald Reagan, 1988 / Sept. 30
;e 8 years ago.
bit about that
But we didn't stop there. We've gone to
was now 21 percent.
work ourselves on the educational system,
aight month of
8 Well, today it's less than 10 percent, and
encouraging the return to basics and de-
een dedicated
it's been shrinking faster than Walter
manding nothing less than excellence. Ex-
ng the Ameri-
Hudson, the 1,200-pound man in New York
cellence isn't just a good grade: It's a philos-
tions and con-
ophy that says, "You must do your best be-
who just lost 700 pounds. Now, if only we
ars. When we
cause that is what it means to be an Ameri-
could get Congress to follow Walter's exam-
rywhere were
can." Excellence-that's our goal, and we're
ple. Maybe you didn't hear me a moment
were sapping
going to get it!
ago. He's that 1,200-pounder who's lost 700
ok that money
We've gone to work on our judicial
pounds-if we could get Congress to follow
the Washing-
system, appointing serious-minded judges
Walter's example and cut the fat out of
ck in the wal-
who respect the Constitution and know the
their diet. I think we ought to put them on
n they confis-
meaning of the word punishment. Violent
a diet, a diet called the line-item veto and
working men
crime has fallen significantly since 1981 be-
the balanced budget amendment. Now, you
cause we put America's crooks on notice:
know when I'm talking about the Congress
terrupt myself
Make a false move, and the next sound you
this way, present company is excepted-
necdote from
hear is the clang of a jail cell slamming
[laughter]-and a lot of her kind that are
of California.
shut.
there on our side.
as Governor
We've gone to work on our nation's de-
Well, back in 1979, Americans were wait-
came into in
fenses. We're once again respected in the
ing in lines a mile long to buy gasoline. And
But the differ-
world. Our Armed Forces are strong, and
a President went on television that year to
is evidence of
America is at peace. We and our NATO
blame it all on the American people, telling
ses, and about
allies stood firm in the face of Soviet mis-
them it was all their fault. They were suf-
biggest. And
siles pointing at the heart of Europe and
fering from some kind of malaise. Well, it
JS, we gave it
Asia. And Mr. Gorbachev got the message.
wasn't the American people: It was the
of the tax
He did business because he knew we meant
guys in Washington who had the malaise.
one was big
business; and we still mean business!
And come 1980, those guys felt the winds
1 have to-I'd
America has traveled such a remarkable
coming in off the lake, and those winds
ing to have a
distance in the last 8 years that the memory
blew them all the way back to Georgia.
.c and tell the
has faded of the economic and foreign
Today we have peace and prosperity, and
o do with it.
policy crises that we faced when Vice Presi-
the liberals are trying to pretend those eco-
re, and then
dent Bush and I took office. The last time
nomic and foreign policy nightmares they
people after
so many things went wrong all at once was
gave us never happened. They're singing
g them back
right after Mrs. O'Leary's cow decided to
the same song they sang back then, and it
his particular
do the cancan. [Laughter]
sure -isn't, "Don't Worry, Be Happy."
eader in the
Yes, let's take a little journey back to the
[Laughter] It's more like, "Please Worry, Be
e and hit my
years before George Bush and I were sent
Miserable." [Laughter]
sident, giving
to Washington. In just one year, 1979, Iran,
You can hardly blame them for trying to
is an unnec-
Nicaragua, and Grenada were all lost. Our
convince the country that good news is ac-
blic funds."
Ambassador to Afghanistan was murdered
tually bad news. After all, what issues do
sums up the
by Communist gunmen, and that country
they have to run on? Take defense-they
ilosophies.
invaded by Soviet troops. And add to that
opposed rebuilding our military defenses.
ding. In the
what was going on at home.
They opposed the deployment of the mis-
osion of hard
The misery index-which you determine
siles in Europe to counter the Soviet threat.
this country,
by adding the rate of inflation to the rate of
They opposed the liberation of Grenada.
to the wheel
unemployment. And that had been invent-
They opposed the raid on terrorist Libya.
rial energies
ed in the 1976 election, and it was used by
They oppose our policy of helping freedom
e Americans
candidate Carter-or President Carter
fighters advance the cause of liberty around
62.7 percent
against Jerry Ford. He used this because the
the world. George and I did all those things,
ed to be the
misery index was 13.4, and he said no one
and I'll tell you proudly right now: We'd
f all Ameri-
has a right to ask to be President with a
both do every single one of them over
e 16 and up.
misery index that big. Well, that was in
again.
µp have jobs.
1976. In 1980 they never mentioned the
baWell, now they're trying to get elected,
misery index, after their 4 years, because it
and so they say the Nation's defenses are
1257
Sept. 30 / Administration of Ronald Reagan, 1988
safe with us. Well, ladies and gentlemen,
decided which department they should go
send the Chi
I've been Commander in Chief for almost 8
to and initialed them and sent them on.
Well, on N
years now, and I've studied their record
And one day a classified paper came to his
people will b
and their positions. And based on my re-
desk marked "secret." And he initialed it
liberal bears
search, I'm going forth with a message for
and sent it on. In 24 hours it came back to
And why? B
the American people: When they talk about
him with a memorandum attached that
bullish on An
a strong defense, I don't buy it.
said, "You weren't supposed to see this.
So, let us
They oppose the death penalty, even for
Erase your initials and initial the erasure."
sages and 0
a crack dealer with a machinegun who
[Laughter] Well, now the liberals are talk-
woman, and
murders a police officer in the line of duty.
George and I fought to protect the noble
ing about fiscal responsibility and how
and across th
men and women who protect us, and that
they pay America's debts. Well, once
that a vote f
means the death penalty for these vicious
again, we've got to go out to the American
for prosperil
killers. If you ask me, there are no Ameri-
people with a message: Don't look to a big
future.
spender to pay America's bills.
And I thin
cans braver and no citizens more precious
than the men and women who guard us:
There's a solution to the spending crisis.
long. I just V
That solution is so simple only a liberal
you not only
our State and local police.
could miss it. [Laughter] We just have to
also for wha
But the liberals, like their flagship, the
ACLU-|laughter-often seem to concern
spend less. But big spending is as seductive
you all.
themselves with the rights of criminals and
as anabolic steroids, and it's time the big
forget about the rights of the citizens those
spenders were disqualified. We can accom-
criminals prey upon. But now they want to
plish that by giving George Bush what he
get elected, and so they claim they re tough
needs to do the job: a new Congress, a
Message
on crime. Well, I've examined that record,
better Congress, a Republican Congress.
September
and we've all got to go out and tell the
And people in this area can help get the job
American people: When they say they're
done by reelecting a terrific first-term Con-
tough on crime, don't you believe
gressman from the Fourth District. He's got
To the Cong
In accord
The liberals opposed our tax cuts, our tax
a tough race, but he's a tough-as-nails guy:
reform efforts, our economic program that
Jack Davis. Send him back there.
Control Act
deferrals of
slashed interest rates in half and put Amer
We're working hard to solve the drug
ica back to work. Now they say they want
crisis in this country, but we're facing some
$2,024,171,2
The defe
to help the American middle class. And
resistance. Guess where? With the liberals
what they're planning to do for the Ameri-
on Capitol Hill, that's where. The House has
Appropriate
can middle class is to tax them. Well, the
passed a drug bill with a lot of good and
partments C
Health and
traders on this floor would understand what
tough provisions. But now that bill is stalled
they're doing, and it's a message' we all
in the Senate. I tell you this: If the Senate
and Transpo
have to bring to our fellow Americans: The
were controlled by Republicans today, we'd
liberals are selling the middle⁴ class short.
already have signed into law that drug bill,
The liberals have been slashing away at
and dealers and users everywhere would
our nation's defenses while passing budget-
know this country stands united behind two
Informal
busting bills through Congress-$87 billion
powerful words: zero tolerance.
Septembe
here, $23 billion there; and as Everett Dirk-
What it all comes down to is a clash of
sen might have said, pretty soon you talk-
principles, of values, of visions. The liberals
ing about real money. [Laughter] Every
The Presi
look at this country and see problems, woes,
time they see a problem, they think a big
here. I had
gloom and doom. And you know, that's the
government program run by bureaucrats in
kind of thinking that can turn into a self-
of the dog
Washington is the solution-the same bu-
fulfilling prophecy. We look at this country,
gressional b
reaucrats who do so much to stifle individ-
and we see expanded opportunities, a glori-
hoped to re
ual initiative and economic growth. snt
ous future, a future in which this nation is
the require
I brought with me to Washington a little
strong, protected by land and sea and air
they're not
memory of what I had learned about a gen-
and, yes, space-courtesy of the Strategic
have to stay
tleman who had a job in Washington. He
Defense Initiative. We look to the future
bills will be
sat at a certain place, and documents and
and see a nation healthy, a nation strong, a
bills and so forth came to his desk. And he
nation at peace. I know all of you want to
1258
Administration of Ronald Reagan, 1988 / Sept. 30
they should go
send the Chicago Bears to the Super Bowl.
I sent them on.
Well, on November 8th, the American
Note: The President spoke at 7 p.m. on the
aper came to his
people will be sending the gloom-and-doom
trading floor of the Chicago Mercantile Ex-
d he initialed it
liberal bears into hibernation. [Laughter]
change. He was introduced by Gov. James
it came back to
And why? Because they know that we are
R. Thompson. In his opening remarks, the
a attached that
bullish on America.
President referred to Michael Galvin, Illi-
sed to see this.
So, let us go then. Let's bring our mes-
nois Bush/Quayle campaign finance chair-
ial the erasure."
sages and our optimism to every man,
man; Richard Morrow, chairman of the Te-
liberals are talk-
woman, and child across this great State
ception; Howard H. Baker, Jr., former Chief
bility and how
and across this great nation. Let them know
of Staff to the President; writers Saul
ots. Well, once
that a vote for us is a vote for peace, a vote
Bellow and Allan Bloom; former Chicago
to the American
for prosperity, and, yes, a vote for the
Cubs baseball player Ernie Banks; and Chi-
it look to a big
future.
cago Bears football player Walter J. Payton.
lls.
And I think I've kept you from dinner too
The President also referred to James
spending crisis.
long. I just want to say a thank you to all of
O'Grady, Cook County sheriff, and Edward
only a liberal
you not only for your warm reception but
R. Vrdolyak, Republican candidate for
Ve just have to
also for what you're doing. And God bless
Cook County Circuit Court clerk.
g is as seductive
you all.
's time the big
We can accom-
, Bush what he
ew Congress, a
Message to the Congress Reporting Budget Deferrals
lican Congress.
September 30, 1988
help get the job
first-term Con-
District. He's got
To the Congress of the United States:
The details of these deferrals are con-
igh-as-nails guy:
In accordance with the Impoundment
Control Act of 1974, I herewith report 10
tained in the attached report.
here.
solve the drug
deferrals of budget authority now totalling
RONALD REAGAN
è're facing some
$2,024,171,278.
The White House,
'ith the liberals
The deferrals affect programs in Funds
September 30, 1988.
The House has
Appropriated to the President, and the De-
ot of good and
partments of Agriculture, Defense, Energy,
Health and Human Services, Justice, State,
Note: The attachment detailing the defer-
at bill is stalled
S: If the Senate
and Transportation
rals was printed in the "Federal Register"
of October 14.
ans today, we'd
that drug bill,
rywhere would
ited behind two
Informal Exchange With Reporters
ice.
September 30, 1988
to is a clash of
ns. The liberals
problems, woes,
The President. I have a short statement
here. I had hoped that we'd mark the end
sign. So, goodnight, and pleasant dreams.
now, that's the
irn into a self-
of the dog-ate-my-homework era of con-
10 Q. Do you think you'll be able to sign
them all by tomorrow?
at this country,
gressional budgetry, but it was not to be. I'd
Q. Are you disappointed?
unities, a glori-
hoped to return tonight to sign the last of
The President. Yes.
h this nation is
the required 13 appropriations bills, but
ad sea and air
they're not all here. So, Congress is going to
the Strategic
have to stay and work so that all remaining
to the future
bills will be complete and in a form I can
Note: The exchange began at 10:48 p.m. on
the South Lawn of the White House.
ation strong, a
of you want to
bloow
1259
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
March 16, 1992
REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT
AT BUSH-QUAYLE FUNDRAISING DINNER
Hyatt Regency Chicago Hotel
Chicago, Illinois
8:10 P.M. CST
THE PRESIDENT: Thank you very much, Jim Edgar. And,
Brenda, thank you for being here. And may I say how very lucky I am
to have Jim Edgar heading my campaign here in this so important
state. He's doing a superb job as your Governor, and I'm lucky to
have him as our chairman. (Applause.)
And there are a lot of members of Congress here, I
think. Bob Dornan -- I'm very pleased that Congressman Dornan could
be here, winning the long distance award. Bob Mosbacher, our former
Secretary of Commerce, was to be here. I haven't seen him, but he's
doing a superb job as the cochairman of our national campaign. You
met Bobby Holt, who is our national finance chairman. And let me
quickly thank Andrea Parish for her beautiful rendition of the "Star-
Spangled Banner". (Applause) And my old friend, my dear friend,
Henry Hyde, for participating in the program and the invocation --
great Illinois Congressman. (Applause.) And, of course, Pat Ryan,
who just outdid himself, bossing everybody around and raising all
this money. What a superb job he's done putting together this event.
(Applause.) Thank you very, very much.
And let me also salute one that Pat singled out, my good
friend, Rich Williamson -- believe me, Illinois needs this man in the
United States Senate. And so please vote for him. (Applause.) And
I noticed the fitting hand you gave Bob Michel, and I want to salute
him as our leader in the House; and the other Republican members of
the Illinois congressional delegation with us today. And a special
thanks to our Bush-Quayle finance chairman, Bill Cellini, from down
state; and Jim Kenny -- Bill, I see the Cellini family is here.
(Applause.) And of course, an old friend, a regional chairman, Bill
Ylvisaker here. I am very, very grateful to all of these people.
(Applause.)
And as bit of a name dropper, I, too, would like to
salute the Chicago Bears who are with us tonight -- (laughter) -- and
say how very pleased I am they're here. And I often say when I'm
away from Washington, I worry that I've left Congress "Home Alone."
(Laughter.) Well, Barbara and I got a kick out of meeting Macaulay
Culkin there who is with us tonight. Where are you, Macaulay? Here
he is -- this guy. He's wonderful. And thanks for being with us.
(Applause.) That's it -- I recognize him. He goes like that.
But anyway, it's a great evening and it's great to be
back in Chicago. And I might point out with great pride that I've
imported my own Illinois army to Washington. And you've heard their
names, but the Secretary of Agriculture Ed Madigan, doing a superb
job trying to bring this GATT Round to a successful conclusion; Ed
Derwinski, working well in the Veterans Administration and helping us
through all the great ethnic communities of Illinois. Ed's the
Secretary of Veterans Affairs. And, of course, you know and I know
Lynn Martin so well -- former congresswoman, now Secretary of Labor,
and also doing a great job.
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And when I was looking to hire a Chief of Staff, once
again we turned to Illinois, and Sam Skinner rose to the challenge,
and I think he's doing an outstanding job and I'm glad he's here.
(Applause.)
Someone once wrote that "Chicago does not lie there,
waiting for things to happen. Chicago moves, making things happen."
This year, the people of Chicago and the people of this great state
are going to make things happen again. The choices we make will
affect not only the next election, they will really affect the next
generation as well. We are now in a battle for our future: We want
America to lead the world in good jobs with productive work. We want
to remain a force for world peace and freedom. And we're fighting to
protect our most basic institution, and that is the American family.
(Applause.)
That's why this year of decision is so important for
America. That's why tomorrow's primary election -- and November's
general election -- are vital to our future. I'm asking you to get
out the vote and create a resounding mandate to literally transform
America. Let's nominate and elect men and women who share our
values. We've got more to do to get America on the right track.
We've got more to do. So I'm asking you for four more years as your
President to get this job done. (Applause.)
America was built on family and faith and freedom --
these form the foundation of our great country. And we must now
renew those sources of our strength.
We must, for example, allow common sense to prevail in
our welfare system. We've got to forge a new connection between
welfare and work. When Chicago -- the "city That Works" -- finds 17
percent of its population dependent on welfare, something's wrong.
Americans aren't cold-hearted, we're a caring people. Americans
support welfare for families in need. But Americans want to see
government at every level work together to track down the deadbeat
dads the ones who can't be bothered to pay child support.
(Applause.) They want to see us break this cycle of dependency that
destroys dignity and passes down poverty from one generation to the
next. That's wrong. That's cruel. And I'll tell you this: We are
working hard to change it. My administration will continue to
encourage the states to innovate with plans that help people break
welfare dependency and begin learning work skills.
Here's another way that we can fight for the family: We
can give parents the right to choose their children's schools.
(Applause.) Our students learn and grow by competing in school, and
our schools will improve by competing for students. School choice is
one of the things at the heart of America 2000 -- that's our new
education strategy to literally revolutionize American education.
You hear a lot of people on the other side in these
campaigns complaining and talking about what they're going to do. We
have an outstanding program right now to revolutionize education in
this country. And it's based on this: We believe that parents, not
some bureaucrat in Washington, know what is best for their children.
That's why we also worked in the same vein to win a child care bill
that gives parents the right to choose who provides the care. We
know America is first as long as we put the family first.
For three years I've had to fight Bob Michel knows
this, and Henry and the others here; John Porter -- we've had to
fight the liberal leadership of Congress on these issues. And I will
continue to stand and fight for principle even when Congress stands
in the way. And I will use the veto when I have to, to stand for
principle, to stand up for these family values.
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As it is, some say -- some of my friends have said that
at time I was courting defeat by casting a veto instead of cutting a
deal. But we've never lost a veto fight. And I will never hesitate
to use the power of the pen when principle is at stake. (Applause.)
One more thing that's important: I am going to continue
to put judges on the bench who know that their role is to interpret
-- to interpret the law, not legislate from the federal bench. And
we are making dramatic moves in that direction. (Applause.)
You remember I've asked Congress to pass tax cuts and
incentives to get the economy moving, back in the State of the Union
message to get real estate up and running, to reward the risk-
takers who create jobs. It's about time Congress does what it should
have done long ago -- get more American jobs by cutting the tax on
capital gains. (Applause.)
But instead of passing my plan, the big spenders that
control the Congress have other ideas. In the House, a temporary tax
cut for more people. In the Senate, a permanent cut for less people.
How much? Twenty-five cents -- a quarter a day for each man, woman
and child. And you say what's the catch? A permanent tax increase
of $90 billion. Temporary cut, 25 cents a day, and a permanent
increase of $90 billion. The Democrats call that "new revenue." I
call it "your money." If the liberal leadership sends me their
scheme, I am going to veto it the minute it hits my desk. And
there's going to be no fooling around, compromising at that.
(Applause.)
Remember, I set a deadline: March 20th. That's just
four days away. This deadline was set back in January, moons ago.
Four days away and I said to Congress: Pass our plan. Do
something that will really move this economy, get it moving. Do
something now for the American people.
Well, we'll fight and we will win. And we'll keep to
our course of leadership in the world economy -- because if we want
to succeed economically at home, we have got to lead economically
abroad. I spoke about this in December when I visited the Merc over
here -- the Mercantile Exchange. And those folks are out there on
the front line, on the frontier of the global marketplace and they
know what I mean. So do your exporters in this great state.
Illinois exports about $35 billion a year in manufactured goods.
Over 400,000 Illinois jobs depend on exports. Think of it -- this is
the city that gave the world Sears and Wrigley and Motorola and
McDonald's. That's free markets. That's free trade. That's my idea
of how America competes and how America succeeds. (Applause.)
But what are we hearing now, because economic times are
hard? We hear the opponents peddling protectionism -- a retreat from
economic reality. You cut through all the patriotic posturing, all
the tough talk about "fighting back" by closing shop, and look
closely. That is not the American flag they're waving, it's the
white flag of surrender. And that is not the America that you and I
know. (Applause.)
Americans do not cut and run -- we compete. Never in
this nation's long history have we turned our backs on a challenge
-- and we simply are not going to start doing that now.
I put my faith in the American worker. And I'm not
about to sell our workers short. So what we're trying to do is open
more markets, level the playing field. And you watch: the American
worker will outthink, outproduce, outperform anyone, anywhere,
anytime. The answer is not protection, it is more competition.
(Applause.)
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We must let the world know this: Whatever the
challenge, America will meet it, because we are in it to win. Think
back, if you will, to a year ago -- to the calm after Desert Storm.
Ask any one of the proud sons and daughters of Illinois who became
liberators of Kuwait, and they'll tell you military strength doesn't
mean a thing without moral support right here at home.
Yes -- I understand it there were some who didn't
support us then. There are those who second-guess us now. But not
here not in this state. When I drew that line in the sand you
stood with me. Never would this country tuck tail and let aggression
stand. And we did what was good and we did what was just -- and we
did what was right.
There are those who act as if America's work in the
world is over now. To them I say this: We will never neglect
America's vital national interests. We are never going to pull back.
And as far as our national defense goes, I will continue to keep this
country strong. Our worldwide credibility ask anyone here that's
traveled abroad our worldwide credibility is now at an all-time
high. And it will help us strengthen democracy, freedom, and peace
around the world. And only the United States of America can lead the
world. And as long as I am President I will stay involved and do
just exactly that. We are not going to pull back. (Applause.)
Let these opponents sound the retreat and run away from
the new realities, and seek refuge in a world of protectionism, or
gut our defense so we couldn't guarantee anybody security. Let them
talk about the high taxes and provide us with more big government.
Let those analysts on TV tick off everything that's wrong in America.
And I think it's time that somebody stood up and said what is right
about this great country? And that's what I plan to do right now on
into the end of the year. (Applause.)
And one more thing: I'm counting on the good people
of Illinois to reject the ugly politics of hate that is rearing its
head lately. Remember, America is great because America is good.
And racism and anti-Semitism and bigotry have no place in the United
States of America at all -- a campaign or in life, any other way.
And we ought to denounce it for what it is. (Applause.)
Now let me just close by saying that Barbara and I are
blessed. We talk about it. I don't know that she will be pleasant
to live with after that warm ovation you gave here -- (laughter) --
but I do think it's deserved. I think she's doing a first-class job
out there for the -- (applause.) But we talk about this, just as
other families talk about things. And we are very, very blessed --
blessed to serve this wonderful country of ours at a time when so
many of the old fears have been driven away; when so many new
opportunities stand within our reach. And since the day I took the
oath of office, I made it my duty always to try to do what's right
for the country. I've given it my level best -- and I'm not done
yet. I'm not finished.
You and I have much more work ahead before we've
finished our mission. I think we've done a lot. I think it's a
wonderful thing that little Andrea there, or our "Home Alone" guy,
might go to sleep at night with not having the fear about nuclear
weapons that the generation before them had. I think that's a
wonderful thing. And I'm proud to have had a little part in that.
(Applause.)
But there's so much more to do. And what it is, is a
battle for our future and it is about jobs and family and peace and
the kind of legacy we're going to leave our kids or our grandkids.
And I am absolutely convinced of this -- believing in the goodness of
our country, believing that this economy that's been so troublesome
is fixin' to turn and move. I am convinced that together we can
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renew the miracle of American enterprise, we can strengthen our
values -- the underlying values of our family, faith and freedom.
And now we're approaching an hour of decision tomorrow.
And please don't wait until November. I'm asking you to vote on
March 17th in the Republican primary. And give me your vote in this
important election tomorrow. And help me win the greatest
opportunity an American can have -- four more years to fight -- to
lead the fight for the values we share.
And thank you, and may God bless the United States of
America. Thank you very, very much. Thank you all. (Applause.)
END
8:30 P.M. CST