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ASNE [American Society of Newspaper Editors] 4/9/92 [OA 7571] [3]
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323154002
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ASNE [American Society of Newspaper Editors] 4/9/92 [OA 7571] [3]
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Records of the White House Office of Speechwriting (George H. W. Bush Administration)
Speech Backup Chronological Files
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S
S
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MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
Library Staff.
Record Group/Collection:
George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
Collection/Office of Origin:
Speechwriting, White House Office of
Series:
Speech File Backup Files
Subseries:
Chron File, 1989-1993
OA/ID Number:
13807
Folder ID Number:
13807-005
Folder Title:
ASNE [American Society of Newspaper Editors] 4/9/92 [OA 7571] [3]
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26
22
4
4
04/07/92
16:24
USIA OFF. PUBLIC LIAISON
NO. 678
P001/004
FAX MESSAGE
Date 4/7/92
Time
TO:
Organization The White House
Name San mc Troaty
Fax Number 456-6218
FROM:
Name Chriss Winston
Organization
Office of Public Lialson
UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY
301-4th Street S.W.
Room 602
Washington, D.C. 20547
PHONE:
(202) 619-4355
FAX:
(202) 619-6988
Total number of pages including this cover page 4
04/07/92
16:24
USIA OFF. PUBLIC LIAISON
NO. 678
P002/004
& of 4/1/92 11 2:58 pm
The "America House" Concept
A central component of American technical assistance to the new independent states is, in cities across
communication links.
the former Soviet Union, resource centers to house pertinent books, teaching materials, experts, and
Whether as small as a single office or storefront, or as large as a whole building, the America
House is the focal point for getting in touch with America-a symbol of our country's commitment
their own a new philosophy of life.
to helping our former adversaries build democratic institutions, reform their economies and make
The America House is "home base" for the scores of American technical advisors, teachers,
out both U.S. Government and private sector assistance programs. Here they find information
government experts, and Peace Corps and International Executive Service Corps volunteers carrying
resources, telephone and fax lines, work space, data links, satellite television feeds and-most
importantly--informed advice on local contacts, institutions and needs. The America House is staffed
by language-capable Americans who know both societies well.
For the local society, the America House is a beacon, offering our brand of enlightenment and
engagement. Citizens and officials soon will know this is the place to seek American books,
magazines and technical papers, contact with American organizations and individuals, a taste of
satellite conferencing, training rooms, student advising, and exhibitions. Co-location with other
American language and culture. In some cases, the America House may encompass English teaching,
welcome where feasible.
unclassified USG programs (American Business Initiative Centers or Fulbright Commission offices) is
The America House is a unique partnership, blending the resources of all those involved in the
technical assistance effort, from government agencies (State, USIA, AID, Peace Corps, Agriculture,
organizations. Energy, Defense, EPA, Treasury, to name only a few) to grantees and private voluntary
The in America House concept symbolizes the uniquely American mix of government and private sectors
support of a national goal. It should excite and challenge the American Information,
liberated peoples.
telecommunication and design industries to help USIA present America's best face to these newly
An America House draws on several kinds of resources: first, the core (the building, basic reference
of collection, its office and communication equipment) is set up by U.S. government through USIA; many
resources (books, technical manuals, databases, reference materials) are supplied by the
government and private agencies carrying out technical assistance programs in the area; core
the organizations' incremental activities are funded through USG technical assistance and American organizations
their request.
costs of telecommunications, office space and other special requirements provided pay at
04/07/92
16:25
USIA OFF. PUBLIC LIAISON
NO. 678
P003/004
page 2
The "America House"
What Is It?
Building
As small as a single store front office with a small reference
offices for related organizations, and public function rooms.
collection, as large as an office building with classroom space, library,
Staff
One to three language-fluent Americans. Some would be young
people hired specifically for this purpose, working under the direction
of an experienced USIA officer. Additional locally engaged staff as
needed. The staff is supervised by USIA's resident Country Public
Affairs Officer in the American Embassy.
Library
Ranging from a basic but thorough reference collection targeted on
American assistance programs in the nearby area at minimum, to a
complex, technologically advanced information center equipped with
databases, CD-ROM technology, data links to America, and
sophisticated professional teaching materials.
Communications
At a minimum, dedicated clear, high quality voice and data lines to
enable telephone, fax and computer communication with the U.S. At
best, a satellite link to permit large data transfers, satellite
conferencing, and multiplexed communications.
Office Space
In addition to offices for the America House manager and staff, work
space (with computers, phones, office supplies) for visiting technical
advisors, expert delegations, business advisors, trainers and long term
consultants. This may be dedicated office space if necessary. Mail
and fax holding and forwarding.
Classrooms
In the larger America House, space for English teaching, training
seminars, special conferences. Some might have exhibition space or
auditoriums to accommodate trade shows, special meetings and
cultural programming.
Location
America Houses should be in downtown city centers near government
offices, universities and business districts. They will be placed in the
regions selected as priority recipients of USG technical assistance.
Some republics would merit more than one America House, but the
total number depends on funding.
When
Once the Freedom Support Act of 1992 (announced by the President
on April 1, 1992) is signed, the first America House should open
days. within weeks. The first officers can be in the field within fifteen
04/07/92
16:26
USIA OFF. PUBLIC LIAISON
NO. 678
P004/004
page 3
The "America House"
Experience
USIA has founded and operated such Institutions in foreign countries since
1953: from cultural centers in Asia to the German Amerika Haus, from the
state-of-the-art Information center in Brussels to the binational centers
throughout Latin America.
People
USIA has a corps of program-oriented, language-trained Foreign Service
Officers and specialists.
Skills
USIA people are architects and shipping specialists, satellite television
technicians and foreign currency managers. linguists and generalists. and
more.
Infrastructure
Besides being 2 partner in the USG's worldwide secure communications
system, USIA has It's own International television network, globe-girdling
computer news delivery system, and International broadcaster (the VOA).
Orientation
USIA's Washington headquarters is accustomed working in the foreign
environment: we know how to hire scores of Russian-speaking young
Americans with language skills for a year or more abroad, how to publish in
Manila and distribute in Siberia, how to lease office space in Tashicont.
Mandate
Congress specifically authorizes USIA to carry out the nation's Information,
academic and cultural exchange programs abroad.
United States
Office of the Associate Director
Information
for Programs
Agency
Washington, D.C. 20547
DAN
USIA
F41
April 3, 1992
The Honorable David F. Demarest
Assistant to the President for Communications
The White House
Washington, D.C. 20500
Dear Dave Mr. Demarest:
Enclosed is a copy of USIA's recent report on foreign media reaction to the
President's April 1 announcement of $6.6 billion in assistance for states of the
former Soviet Union.
This report features initial press comment from the Russian Federation and
members of the Group of Seven, as well as one report from Latin America.
President Bush's announcement was hailed by many in the foreign press as
forward-looking and decisive. Yet, while the assistance package was
applauded by most commentators, there was some criticism that it will be
insufficient to stem the erosion of the CIS economy.
I hope that you find this material informative.
Sincerely,
Daula
Paula Dobriansky
Associate Director
for Policy and Programs
FOREIGN
MEDIA
USIA
REACTION
SPECIALREPORT
Thursday, April 2, 1992
ASSISTANCE FOR FORMER SOVIET STATES
European capitals gave front page coverage to President Bush's
announcement yesterday of a $6.6 billion assistance package for the states of
the former Soviet Union. Most commentators applauded the assistance but
did not seem overly-impressed with the figures. Some emphasized that it was
part of a Group of Seven initiative. However, Mr. Bush was given high marks
for the "statesmanlike" move and his effort to coax the U.S. from an
increasingly isolationist stance.
*
Moscow's reformist Nezavisimaya Gazeta claimed that the U.S.
Administration's "decisive reversal in favor of massive aid to
Russia" was partly due to the changing mood of the American
public and former President Nixon's newpaper articles.
Right and center German papers called Mr. Bush's move
"decisive" but expressed concern--as did centrist and liberal
British papers--that the former superpower's troubles have
become so severe that the proposed aid may be too little, too
late.
Nevertheless, the package was judged to be "an unexpectantly
generous show of support" for Mr. Yeltsin. London's
independent Financial Times held that the package will prove to
be an "invaluable weapon" for the Russian president and his
allies in their efforts to continue reforms.
British, French, Italian and Brazilian papers noted Mr. Bush's
political considerations, with most judging that the President
had wrested himself from the hold of Buchanan-promoted
isolationism. Others noted that the announcement pre-empted
a foreign affairs speech by Democratic candidate Bill Clinton.
Bureau of Programs (USIA/P)
Paula Dobriansky
Associate Director
For further information:
Bud Hensgen, Chief
Media Reaction Staff (P/M)
Telephone 619-6511
2
Thursday, April 2, 1992
AID FOR FORMER SOVIET STATES
EUROPE
RUSSIA: "U.S. Decisive Reversal In Favor Of Massive Aid To CIS"
Reformist Nezavisimaya Gazeta observed, "The previously-dead question of
providing American economic aid to Russia has been jump-started. We owe
the U.S. Administration's decisive reversal in favor of massive aid to Russia, on
the eve of the American elections, to the changing mood of the American public,
as well as to the nearly unanimously positive reaction of Western specialists to
the Russian reform program. A grand campaign to influence public opinion was
organized through Richard Nixon's newpaper articles, in which the ex-President
stressed that, if America does not provide Russia with aid now, when it is
essential for the success of reforms, it will have to pay many times more in the
future."
BRITAIN: "Better Late Than Never"
The independent Financial Times editorialized, "What the Russian government
has wanted most in recent weeks has been a positive signal of support from the
West. The proposed $18 billion package of aid and trade credits and a further
$6 billion stabilization fund together provide an unexpectedly generous show of
support. They will prove an invaluable weapons for Mr. Boris Yeltsin and his
allies in their efforts to prevent their reforms being derailed by the growing
internal opposition.
"But Mr. Yeltsin needs more than promises. While the Western governments,
and particularly the United States, have been agonizing over how to respond to
cries of support, the economic situation in Russia has been deteriorating
rapidly. In the weeks following the January price liberalization, it appears that
inflation has been brought under control. But monetary policy has been relaxed
in recent weeks and inflation is rising.
"The G-7 cannot afford to wait for Russia's full IMF membership to be approved
(to put a rouble stabilization plan into operation). The G-7 is quite right to
require IMF approval for the Russian stabilization plan. Moreover, IMF officials
must be in place to monitor its implementation from the outset. But to delay
stabilization support until June or even later would be both damaging and
unnecessary.
"A well-monitored macro-economic stabilization program is only part of the
solution to Russia's economic mess. Aid should be conditional on a rapid and
radical reform of the tax system and a greater effort to speed the privatization
program. Even then, the collapse of the Russian economy will not be checked
until intra-republican trade is revived. Autarky is not economically viable, for
Russia or any of the other republics; but the lack of cooperation among the
republics remains a formidable obstacle to reform."
"Molehill Of Aid Against A Mountain Of Difficulties"
The liberal Guardian's Washington correspondent Martin Walker reported:
"After months of consultation with European allies Mr. Bush's long-awaited
statement proved to be a molehill of aid against the mountainous economic
difficulties facing the CIS.
USIA/P/M
3
Thursday, April 2, 1992
"The $24 billion international aid package announced yesterday by the German
Chancellor, Helmut Kohl, current chairman of the G-7 group of richest industrial
countries, was] deftly claimed by Mr. Bush as his own. Mr. Bush's statement
was timed to sustain Mr. Yeltsin's reform plan in next week's crucial debate in
the Congress of Peoples Deputies and to steal the thunder from Democratic
presidential candidate Bill Clinton, who announced his own Russian aid policy
yesterday in strikingly similar terms and criticized Mr. Bush for offering too little,
too late.."
"At Last, The Billions To Rescue Boris"
The liberal Guardian editorialized, "Yesterday, at long last, the Group of Seven
leading industrialized countries announced a $24 billion aid rescue plan for
Russia and the other republics in the form of loan guarantees, agricultural
credits and contributions to the stabilization of the rouble. Whether this
doomsday conversion to aid will be enough to rescue Boris Yeltsin's
increasingly unpopular government in advance of next week's Congress of
People's Deputies remains to be seen. But it starts to address the size of the
problem--which is to prevent the disintegration of the former Soviet Union, with
all that that entails for world peace and economic stability. Yesterday's
announcement wouldn't have been possible without a statesmanlike volte-face
by President Bush, now freed from the isolationist Buchanan pecking at his
heels and still smarting from ex-President Nixon's allegation that the U.S.
attitude to the new republics is 'pathetic'.
"By providing economic assistance to the new republics, the West is not only
trying to prevent a potential economic and political conflagration, it is also
nurturing a huge new market which could provide a source of economic growth
for decades to come. The unanswered question is whether yesterday's
package has come in time to stave off collapse." Mr. Gaidar is now in an
unenviable spot. The ruthless financial medicine he needs to administer in
order to ensure IMF support is buckling his economy and alienating the people
it is supposed to be helping. The fact that the 24 billion dollar deal is contingent
on Russia implementing the IMF reforms undiluted is a matter of great concern.
It is vital to learn from the mistakes made in Poland, where shock therapy
helped to povide macro-economic stability but has failed so far to provide
enough new firms to make up for the disintegration of the old system. The
Russian government should not be pushed so fast that the medicine it is forced
to take cripples it before it has had a chance to work."
GERMANY: "A Decisive Step"
Washington correspondent Winfried Scharlau sent the following commentary to
government-sponsored ARB-TV: "With this move the West made the decisive
step for an internationally coordinated aid program for the CIS. At the end of
the month, the IMF will agree on the details, and the economic summit this
summer in Munich will then crown this outcome. The German Government
achieved a result which it long sought to accomplish."
USIA/P/M
4
Thursday, April 2, 1992
"Russians Must Help Themselves"
Right-of-center Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung editorialized, "Western aid
alone will not be enough to stop the collapse of the Russian economy.
Basically a nation of people who followed orders is now expected to turn into a
society of entrepreneurs and do this overnight. The West is to help in this
process. The people must implement it. It is in the stars how this change can
succeed."
"West Beginning A Risky Experiment"
Centrist Stuttgarter Zeitung carried this editorial: "The Western industrialized
countries want to emphasize their wish for economic reforms in the CIS The
reward is an aid package worth $18 billion. If we compare this with the funds
that are necessary to restructure the new Laender, then we will see that this is
not more than a drop in the bucket It is also clear that Germany cannot pay
more.
"But if the package is the beginning to a better distribution of burdens on all
Western industrialized, nations, then it can already be considered a success.
But it is also a delicate package. Apart from the carrot policy of loans, it
contains a stick policy of sharp restrictions
So
far,
these
have
been
restrictions only for developing nations. Now a former superpower is supposed
to accept them. Thus, the West is beginning a risky experiment, but as far as
the economy is concerned, there is no alternative to them."
"West Backs Sympathy With Aid"
Centrist Koelner Stadt-Anzeiger opined, "Chancellor Kohl has made progress
in his efforts to achieve concrete progress during the economic summit in
Munich. An aid package for the CIS, in particular for Russia, is in the offing. It
is significant that the Americans are this time more willing to contribute their
share to this program. The IMF will also be more integrated in this aid package.
"The offer of the Western industrialized nations goes beyond previous
decisions. But the accusation that Kohl and Bush show only sympathy for the
CIS, but do not want to pay is no longer true. Nevertheless, great insecurities
remain. The means, Russia can now buy the most urgent goods and keep the
economy going But a precondition is that Russia and the other republics are
serious about economic reforms."
"More A Signal Than Real Help"
Left-of-center Frankfurter Rundschau commented under the headline above,
"The composition of all current aid measures to Russia is not as generous as
Chancellor Kohl wants to see the Western aid offer. The $18 billion for the
battered Russian balance of payments have long been underway as export and
food assistance The draft for the only new element, the 'Ruble Stabilization
Fund,' has not even been submitted yet.
"Only one thing is sure: Bitter times are lying ahead of the Russian people.
The so-called 'macro economic reforms' are nothing but subsidy cuts It is to
be hoped at least that the psychological effects will be enormous [for the
Russian people]."
USIA/P/M
5
Thursday, April 2, 1992
FRANCE: "Bush Takes The Plunge"
Economic Les Echos front-paged this commentary: "George Bush has taken the
plunge. Accused by the Europeans, at the Washington conference on aid to the
CIS, of doing too little for the former USSR, he announced yesterday a $24
billion plan of aid to Russia and CIS countries. This plan comes from the
G7--the French and the Germans did repeat it--but the United States will take
care of 20% of it."
"G7 Plan Will Not Calm Criticizing Voices"
Influential Liberation observed, "It is not the kind of Marshall Plan of which some
of Boris Yeltsin's advisers have been dreaming--we are very far from it.
However the seven wealthiest countries, after having hesitated for a long time,
just drew the outlines of a common action policy for 1992: a $24 billion program
of financial support for the reforms currently discussed in Russia
Does this
plan represent a true effort? Here is George Bush's answer: 'I think it is
sufficient. I think it is what we must do now. I think it is good.' However, this
plan will probably not calm down the voices criticizing the prudence which
Westerners have been showing for a year vis-a-vis Eastern countries,
specifically Russia. Last month, former U.S. President Richard Nixon thought
that Western support for Moscow was 'pathetically weak'. A transfer
representing 0.2% of the G7 wealth will probably not cause him to change his
mind."
"A Political Gesture"
Conservative, influential Figaro's economic portfolio said, "This gesture is above
all political, since the promised aid is conditioned by the adoption by the
Russian parliament of a significant economic reform package that Boris Yeltsin
will present on April 6. It is clear that the Seven fear that Russian members of
parliament will refuse to ratify the pursuit of the reforms started on January 1
because of their huge--so it is thought--social cost.
"Although the check promised to the Russians is tempting, the fact that the offer
is conditional may however shock them and lead to effects which are opposite
to those expected. Many Russians, the man in the street as well as the
members of parliament, still don't accept that their country, once the second
power in the world, is now forced to beg and is dependent on the West."
"Bush Caught In Cross-Fire"
Also in Le Figaro's economic section, on page one: "George Bush is caught in
a cross-fire of criticism from those who--like former President Nixon--reproach
him for not sufficiently helping the former USSR and those who--like the
majority of members of Congress in electoral campaign--refuse to allow the US
to substantially help other countries while it is in deficit."
ITALY: "Foreign Policy Returns To U.S. Campaign"
Rodolfo Brancoli wrote in leading centrist Corriere della Sera, "A missing topic
until recently, foreign policy has re-entered the presidential campaign, to the
benefit of Russia. After a long wait, Bush laid out his plan to aid Russia at
nearly the exact moment Clinton was giving a speech on foreign policy
USIA/P/M
6
Thursday, April 2, 1992
"Politics aside, the result is a growing bipartisan consensus behind the
commitment for aid to Russia which should pave the way for Congressional
approval despite the overheated climate of the presidential campaign. If the
United States had waited any longer, it would have risked finding itself bringing
up the rear in the aid effort."
"Aid To CIS Challenging U.S. Isolationism"
Centrist II Messaggero held, "Challenging the neo-islationism which is sweeping
the United States, the President raised the profile by pledging a contribution to
the rescue of the former Communist empire."
BELGIUM: "Bush's Double Concerns"
Government-owned, French-language RTBF radio observed that the package
reflects a double concern: "Bush did not want to convey the impression that he
would do too much in favor of the CIS because of Buchanan's criticism of
foreign involvement, but Bush didn't want to convey the impression of doing too
little either, for fear of Clinton's criticism."
POLAND: "Plan Contains No New Financial Proposals"
Centrist Zycie Warszawy's Washington correspondent noted, "A few minutes
before Bill Clinton's speech about the need to activiate American foreign policy
in Eastern Europe and Russia, President Bush announced a 'new' aid plan for
the former republics containing no new financial proposals."
LATIN AMERICA
BRAZIL: "Ideal Situation For Statesman Bush: No Real U.S. Funds For CIS"
Liberal Folha de Sao Paulo's Washington correspondent said, "President Bush
announced an international program to help the economy of the CIS nations--a
risky action from the electoral point of view but which has more public relations
in it than real assistance. No new American money will be in the packet.
"Bush is again attempting the coup he used in the Gulf War and in the
international battle against narco-trafficking: to obtain credit for actions financed
by the EC and Japan. But this time, the risk is that the voters may believe that
U.S. funds are being sent to a former enemy in a year of recession and
unemployment.
"In truth the U.S. participation is in credit guarantees for imports from the
former Soviet republics. The plan may not be approved by Congress. This is
an ideal situation for Bush: He poses as a stateman, but does not have to carry
the electoral onus of the assistance."
Editors: Gail Burke
Diana McCaffrey
USIA/P/M
04/07/92
14:18
USIA OFF. PUBLIC LIAISON
NO. 669
P001/009
FAX MESSAGE
Date
Time
TO:
Name
DAN McGROARTY
Organization
WHITE HOUSE
Fax Number
456-6216
FROM:
Name
CHRISS WINSTON
Organization
Office of Public Lialson
UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY
301-4th Street S.W.
Room 602
Washington, D.C. 20547
PHONE: (202) 619-4355
FAX:
(202) 619-6988
Total number of pages including this cover page 9
04/07/92
14:18
USIA OFF. PUBLIC LIAISON
NO. 669
P002/009
FACT SHEET
USIA PROGRAMS AND INITIATIVES IN
ARMENIA, AZERBAIJAN, BYELARUS, GEORGIA, KAZAKHSTAN,
KYRGYZSTAN, MOLDOVA, RUSSIA, TAJIKISTAN, TURKMENISTAN,
UKRAINE and USBEKISTAN
USIA has a long history of cultural, educational and informa-
tional programming in the former Soviet Union. Beginning with
the signing of the first U.S.-Soviet cultural agreement in 1958,
USIA promoted understanding of the U.S. through the Voice of
America, the Fulbright Program, tours of American performing
groups, traveling exhibits about American life and values and a
Russian language magazine entitled America Illustrated.
The advent of glasnost and perestroika, initiated by former
President Gorbachev, and the changes which have taken place since
the August 1991 coup, have given USIA a historic opportunity to
lay the basis for a new relationship with the people of Armenia,
Azerbaijan, Byelarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova,
Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan.
USIA programs and initiatives in these states demonstrate the
creativity, diversity and durability of U.S. democratic insti-
tutions as a model of a free society. Our primary objective is
to help citizens of the new states understand democratic
processes and free-market economies. We, therefore, focus our
resources on programs promoting economic liberalization,
democratization, respect for human rights and the rule of law.
BUDGET
In FY 92, USIA's overall budget for the new states is $39
million. This total includes exchange programs, broadcasting,
Agency-produced publications and salaries and expenses at over-
seas posts.
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
USIA has received funding for public policy programs for the new
states. This assistance will consist of training programs for
government officials, long-term advisers to government
institutions and public awareness programs on democracy.
(more)
04/07/92
14:19
USIA OFF. PUBLIC LIAISON
NO.669
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2
POSTS AND PEOPLE
27 employees currently serve at three posts: two country posts
in Russia (Moscow and St. Petersburg), and one post in Ukraine
(Kiev). By the end of the fiscal year, we will have opened four
new posts: Armenia (Yerevan), Byelarus (Minsk), Kazakhstan
(Alma-Ata) and Uzbekistan (Tashkent).
USIA BROADCASTING
Voice of America:
Voice of America broadcasts 172 hours weekly to listeners in
Azerbaijani, Armenian, English, Georgian, Russian, Ukrainian and
Uzbek.
In addition, VOA is on local airwaves. Recorded programming is
airmailed to 20 stations throughout the new states including 11
in Russia. Live relays are just ahead.
Muscovites will soon hear VOA Russian from 10 to Midnight on a.
new independent station and audiences in Volgograd will receive a
live, hour long broadcast. Negotiations for similar leased time
arrangements are underway for live transmission in the Armenian,
Russian and Ukrainian Republics.
USIA Television (WORLDNET) and Film Service
USIA TV has donated three satellite dishes for Russian TV
networks.
USIA TV has also carried out co-productions of documentaries on
American business and society with video crews from Russian TV
stations; resulting programs were placed successfully on Russian
TV. The most recent of these was a series titled "Economics
USA. Co-productions are planned with other states as well.
The Television (WORLDNET) and Film Service regularly provides
documentary and educational programs on tape to a wide range of
television stations.
(more)
04/07/92
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NO. 669
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3
USIA'S OFFICE OF ACADEMIC PROGRAMS:
Fulbright: Under USIA's Fulbright Faculty Exchange Program, up
to 50 professors travel to one another's countries each year to
lecture. Some 20 American and 20 foreign professors take part in
this program. Up to 80 research scholars travel to one another's
countries each year to lecture and conduct research.
Benjamin Franklin Fellowship Program: U.S. Ambassador to Russia
Robert Strauss announced the Benjamin Franklin Fellowship Program
at a February news conference in Moscow. The program provides
scholarships for graduate study and hands-on training in the
United States in the fields of business administration,
economics, law, and public administration.
In the first competition, approximately 160 fellowships will be
awarded to graduate students and young professionals who will
begin academic programs of one or two years in length in the fall
of 1992, some of which will lead to a graduate degree or
certificate.
The President's University Undergraduate Exchange (1000/1000):
Presidents Bush and Gorbachev announced the 1000-1000 student
exchange program at the Malta Summit; an agreement establishing
guidelines for the program was signed by both countries in June
1990. 500 undergraduates (250 each way) participated in the
exchange program in the 1991-92 academic year. The program
allows for an exchange of 350 students each way in 1992-93; 500
each way in 1993-94; 750 each way in 1994-95; and 1,000 each way
in 1995-96.
University Affiliations Program: USIA's University Affiliations
Program fosters long-term cooperation between the U.S. and
institutions of higher education in the new states. These
faculty exchanges focus on the humanities, social sciences,
education and communications. Through an annual competition,
USIA awards institutional grants of approximately $100,000 for a
period of three years. Affiliations now exist between U.S.
universities and partner institutions in Russia, Ukraine and
Turkmenistan.
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Student Advising: USIA currently operates, or is in the process
of establishing, student advising centers in Moscow, St.
Petersburg, Kiev, Alma-Ata and Yerevan. The centers provide high
school, college and graduate students with information about
educational opportunities in the United States.
USIA'S SAMANTHA SMITH MEMORIAL EXCHANGE PROGRAM:
The U.S. Congress established the Samantha Smith Memorial
Exchange Program in 1988. The program provides grants to U.S.
non-profit organizations to support undergraduate and youth
exchange projects between the United States, the new states, and
Eastern Europe.
On a yearly basis, approximately 400 undergraduates (200 each
way) participate in the Samantha Smith Program; about 800 high
school students (400 each way) participate in the Samantha Smith
youth exchange.
USIA'S HIGH SCHOOL PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM:
An initiative of President Reagan, this exchange program
establishes sister school partnerships to allow high school
students to visit and study in each other's countries for one
month. Approximately 1,100 students (500 American and 600 from
the new states) will participate in FY 92.
CITIZEN EXCHANGES:
USIA's Office of Citizen Exchanges awards grants to U.S. non-
profit institutions and organizations to conduct exchange
programs. These include exchange organizations, professional
association, universities and think tanks. The projects include:
study tours, workshops and internships; support for private
organizations' own exchange activities; and support for
institutional exchanges in the performing and visual arts fields,
and in historical and cultural conservation and preservation.
A new program, the Speaker's Parliamentary Exchange matches
parliamentarians from the new states with U.S. members of
Congress for two weeks to introduce them to the United States'
legislative system. (Rep. Tom Foley, Speaker of the U.S. House
of Representatives, was a primary sponsor of the legislation.)
U.S. senators and representatives will develop institutional
linkages between the Congress and the legislative bodies of the
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new states. These linkages will allow U.S. lawmakers to offer
possible leaders. solutions to the long-term problems facing the state
SISTER CITIES
Under the auspices of Sister Cities International, which receives
USIA funding, 93 cities in eleven of the twelve states have
formed relationships with U.S. sister cities.
USIA'S INTERNATIONAL/VOLUNTARY VISITOR PROGRAMS:
USIA's International Visitor Program, created in 1940, affords
established and future leaders in foreign societies the
opportunity for personal and professional exposure to U.S. life
and institutions.
In FY 91, USIA brought 71 leaders nominated by our embassy from
throughout the former Soviet Union to the U.S. In FY 92, we
expect that number to rise to at least 85.
In recent months the IV office has implemented group projects on
topics such as: fiscal policy, economic adjustment and the
defense industry, running a local government, environmental
protection in the U.S., church and state/church and community,
and print journalism in the U.S.
USIA's Voluntary Visitor office conducts programs for individuals
already traveling to the U.S. under other auspices. This fiscal
year, the office has conducted programs for the Ukrainian
Minister of the Environment and the Chairman of the Armenian
Parliament. The same office will be arranging a program for
Armenia's Deputy Minister of Science and Education.
U.S. SPEAKERS AND PROFESSIONALS-IN-RESIDENCE
The U.S. Speakers Program is playing a key role in USIA's efforts
to promote economic reform and democracy building. For example,
USIA sent a team of lawyers to Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan to
offer advice on legal reform, and an expert in municipal finance
to work with local officials in several Russian cities.
The U.S. Speakers Program will also be sending "professionals-in-
residence" to Russia and the new states to work for three to five
months on public policy issues like trade and investment, public
administration, and communications.
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USIA BOOK PROGRAMS/TRANSLATIONS:
USIA has signed contracts with Russian publishers to produce
Russian-language editions of more than thirty books, most of
which deal with various aspects of democracy and free-market
economics. Titles include:
--
American Political Tradition (Hofstadter)
--
The Americans (Boorstin)
Democracy in America (de Tocqueville)
--
The Federalist Papers
-
Innovation and Entrepreneurship (Drucker)
Management as Performing Art (Vaill)
--
Growing a Business (Hawken)
-
Privatization (Savas)
--
The Grand Failure (Brzezinski)
--
The Ten Commandments of Business/How to Break Them (Fromm)
In addition, USIA has signed contracts with Ukrainian publishers
for Ukrainian-language editions of the books by Drucker and
Currie. Fromm, plus The Constitution: A Primer for the People by David
LIBRARY FELLOWS
USIA's Library/Book Fellows Program sends American librarians to
foreign institutions for periods of three to 12 months to carry
out specific assignments. For example, a librarian from Northern
Illinois University has been assigned to the All-State Library of
Foreign Literature in Moscow to conduct a series of seminars for
Russian librarians on the use of American reference resources,
and to evaluate American studies collections in major libraries
in the country.
ARTS AMERICA
USIA's Arts America program communicates the vitality, creativity
and pluralistic quality of American society by presenting the
best American visual and performing arts to overseas audiences.
In FY 92, Arts America's efforts have been focused on the
performing arts:
Linda Kent, visiting professor at the Juilliard Institute
and choreographer for the Paul Taylor Company, gave
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workshops on modern dance at the Bolshoi School and other
dance institutions in Moscow.
Christine Dakin, top instructor at the Martha Graham School,
will teach a workshop this May on Graham's techniques at the
Vladivostok Dance Theater.
Last October, free lance conductor Evans Haile worked with
the Symphony Orchestra of Saratov, leading workshops,
music. conducting performances and giving lectures on American
This March, the Portland String Quartet performed and gave
master classes in Portland's sister city of Arkhangelsk and
gave a concert co-sponsored by the local chapter of the
B'nai B'rith in St. Petersburg.
In December 1991, Ben Mordecai, Managing Director of the
Yale School of Drama and Repertory Theater, led a week long
seminar in Moscow on the use of marketing and public
relations in theater management.
Playwright David Henry Hwang will give a series of lectures
on American theater in St. Petersburg, Moscow, and Kiev,
beginning in May.
The Milwaukee Repertory Theater is carrying out various
activities in Omsk as part of a major exchange project with
the Omsk State Drama Theater, including a week long theater
management seminar and performances of "Our Town."
USIA'S PRESS AND PUBLICATIONS PROGRAM:
America Illustrated: America Illustrated is a monthly Russian+
language magazine produced by USIA. First published in 1959, its
circulation has grown to 150,000. The magazine offers its
readers a wide range of articles about American life, culture,
and science and technology. Increasingly, the magazine has also
published articles about the workings of the U.S. political
system and the American economy.
America Illustrated also features stories about the growing
number of "people-to-people" relationships between Americans and
Russians. Recent cover stories have included profiles of Poet
Laureate Joseph Brodsky and movie star Arnold Schwarzenegger.
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Responding to the urgent need for information on democracy
building and free enterprise, USIA has prepared two thirty-page
pamphlets entitled What is Democracy? and What is a Free Market
Economy? 20,000 copies will be published in both Russian and
Ukrainian, and USIA plans to print the pamphlets in other
languages as well.
The Press and Publications Service is also launching a series of
special pamphlets entitled "The Freedom and Prosperity Papers. "
They will address practical issues of democracy building and
market economics and will be printed in a number of local
languages.
April 3, 1992
Bruston
Memorandum for Speechwriting Staff
From:
Dan McGroarty
Regarding: newspaper Editors
Please return your comments to Room
122 by:
10 AM Today
Today's Date:
APR 8 1992
Gradenoks:
McGroarty/Bunton
April 7, 1992
12 APR 7 P4: 20
4:15 pm
[ASNE]
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEWSPAPER EDITORS
J.W. MARRIOT
APRIL 9, 1992
1:45 P.M.
{Acknowledgements of ASNE leadership.} Even in the age of
VCRs and CNN, people who want to understand the times we live in
still turn to the printed word. //
Look around the world today. Think of the Page One stories
of the past few years. Our victory in the Cold War, / the
collapse of imperial communism, / the liberation of Kuwait.
Think of the great Revolutions of '89 that brought down the
Berlin Wall -- broke the chains of communism -- and brought a new
world of freedom to Eastern Europe. Think of the role this
nation played in every one of these great triumphs -- the
sacrifices we made, the sense of mission that carried us through.
Each day brings new changes: new nations, new realities --
new hopes and new horizons. Yes, dictators have given way to
democracy -- and yet dangers remain. We've put an end to a long
era of military confrontation -- and entered a new age of
economic competition. But the challenges we face -- the sheer
complexity of our world -- can't obscure the basic values that
guide this Nation. Times change, but truths endure. I'm talking
about the big issues that shape our world -- about the values
close to home. Everything I've done -- I've done to preserve and
advance three precious legacies: strong families. Good jobs. A
world at peace.
2
Securing those legacies has been my mission as President --
and it will be my mission today and every day, now and for the
next four years. //
The triumph we celebrate today -- the collapse of imperial
communism -- was 45 years in the making. From the first moments
of the Cold War, our mission was containment -- to use the
combined resources of the West to check the expansionist aims of
the Soviet empire. It has been my policy as President to move
beyond containment -- to use the power of the U.S. and its allies
to end the Cold War with freedom's victory.
Today, we have reached a turning point. We have defeated
imperial communism. We have not yet won the victory for
democracy.
Right now, in the lands of the old Soviet Union, people are
waging a valiant struggle for the rights and freedoms we possess.
The fate of that revolution -- the future of democracy in Russia
and the other new nations of the old Soviet empire -- is the most
important foreign policy issue of our time.
To understand this struggle, we must understand the scope of
the challenge. In Russia and across the old empire, nations now
seek to build a system of free government and free markets -- to
cultivate a spirit of public trust in people more experienced in
enduring servitude than exercising self-government.
History weighs heavily against hope: 74 years of communist
mis-rule will not be wiped away overnight. And yet in Moscow and
Kiev, in Yerevan and
, a new breed of leaders -- drawing on
t
3
the power of popular mandates -- are pushing forward with reform.
Boris Yeltsin, / Levon Ter-Petrosian, / Leonid Kravchuk /
and like-minded leaders across the old Soviet Union seek to
replace the rule of force with the rule of law.
They seek for the first time not to impose rule in the name
of the people -- but to build governments of, by and for the
people.
They seek a future of free and open markets -- systems where
economic rights rest in the hands of individuals, not on the
whims of central planners.
They seek a partnership and alliance with us -- an end to
competition and conflict.
They seek to shape a new history -- to secure a democratic
peace.
And in this time of transition -- they seek our help.
America must heed the call -- America must make a new friend
of an old enemy. //
If we are to act -- we must see clearly what is at stake.
There can be no question that it is in America's interest to have
Russia as a friend and partner. The failure of the democratic
experiment would bring a dark future -- at best, a return to
authoritarianism. At worst, a descent into anarchy. In either
case, the outcome would threaten our peace, prosperity and
security for years to come. 11
But we should focus not on the dangers of failure -- but on
the dividends of success.
4
The importance of democracy's success in the old Soviet
Union can be summed up in a single sentence: No free nation has
ever waged war with a fellow democracy.
Democracy in the former USSR will also lead to free market
economies and a vast increase in global trade and investment,
providing new markets for American goods, new opportunities for
Wallers
American entrepreneurs, new jobs for American workers.
DavidEcon. Chief USIR 3583
Today, two-way trade with the former Soviet Union is a scant
$4 billion dollars a year. No economist can pin-point the value
of trade opportunities we hope to have -- but the potential for
prosperity is great.
The people of the former Soviet Union are well-schooled and
highly-skilled. They seek for their families the same better
future each of us wishes for our own. Together, they form a
Encycipedia
Factbook CA Reports, 91
potentially vast market that crosses 11 time zones and comprises
nearly 300 million people. For those who see Russia's present
economic peril, and wonder whether the promise of prosperity is
VE/UJ DAYS 1945
real -- I ask this question: Who in 1946, when our adversaries
Walkrs
lay defeated and devastated, would have foreseen the day when our
David Chief Econ.
two-way trade with Germany and Japan would total more than $180
USIR
billion dollars?
3583
We must act to support democracy for the sake of peace and
prosperity. But in the deepest sense, America must act not out
of some vague sense of altruism, or narrow calculation of
interest. We must act to uphold the ideals that give America its
meaning.
5
Across the boundaries of language and culture, across the
Cold War chasm of mistrust, we feel the pull of common values.
In the ordeal of the long-suffering people of the Soviet empire
we see glimpses of this nation's past. In their hopes and dreams
-- we see our own.
This is an article of the American creed: Freedom is not
the special preserve of one nation -- it is the birthright of men
and women everywhere. We have always dreamed of the day
democracy and freedom will triumph in every corner of the world,
in every captive nation and closed society. This may never
happen in our lifetimes -- but it can happen now for the millions
under
of people who for so long suffered "Soviet rule.
This democratic peace must be founded on the twin pillars of
political and economic freedom for the peoples of the former
Soviet Union.
Here is how we can make this new world a reality:
Strategically, the United States will continue to push
forward to reach historic nuclear reductions on all sides. To
Russia, Ukraine, Byelarus and Kazahkstan, we are offering our
help in dismantling and destroying their nuclear weapons -- and
we will work together to contain their spread. We are ready to
engage in an intensive program of military-to-military ties and
exchanges with the Commonwealth military forces.
Politically, we're reaching out so that America -- and
American values -- will be well represented in these new lands.
Only the United States has opened embassies in all of the former
6
republics. We will add to this presence "America Houses" -- to
bring American culture, America's heritage and history to the
former USSR. We will send hundreds of Peace Corps volunteers to
help create small businesses -- launch major exchanges of
students, professionals and scientists, artists and educators --
so that our peoples can establish the bonds so important to
permanent peace.
Economically, we must help these new nations build thriving
free markets on the ruins of the socialist model. The U.S. has
led the effort to provide urgent emergency food and medical
supplies this past winter. I have asked the Congress for $620
?
million in new funds so that Americans can share their expertise
in building a new free market -- in making needed improvements in
food distribution, energy production, in defense conversion and
democracy-building.
One week ago, I sent to 2 Congress the Freedom Support Act,
designed to remove the old Cold War legislation that stands in
the way of increased trade and investment.
-)
Just as the rewards of this new world belong will belong to
no one nation, so too the burden does not fall to America alone.
92
We are pursuing a policy of shared responsibility: Working with
statement
the IMF and the World Bank, with G-7 nations such as Germany,
on
Italy, and Japan -- three former adversaries we helped after
World War II to rebuild their democratic foundations -- and who
are now helping Russia achieve the same goal. 45 years after
their founding, the Bretton Woods institutions can now serve the
in founded 1944
7
precise purpose for which they were created. By working with
others we're sharing the burden responsibly and acting in the
92
best interests of the American taxpayer.
Together with our allies, we have developed a $24 billion
package of financial assistance, to provide urgently needed
April, 92
support for President Yeltsin's reforms. I need Congress's
actsheet exermit
support to increase the U.S. quota in the IMF by $12 billion to
? Oh from remarks
help bring this about. Our help will be critically important to Mar. 1,42
the cause of reform.
I am heartened by the many messages of support from the
Congressional leadership -- in both Houses and in both parties -
- to move forward on our program. But I know that broad public
support will be critical to our effort to get this program
passed.
There will be those who say, yes, the people of Russia and
all across the old Soviet empire are struggling. Yes, we want to
see them succeed, to join the democratic community. But what
about us -- what about the challenges and demands we must meet
right here in America? Isn't it time we took care of our own?
My answer is that peace and prosperity are in the interest
of every American -- each one of us alive today, and all the
generations that will follow.
comprailer Bull 703-697- Richards
As a nation, we spent more than four trillion dollars to
and win the Cold War. Compared to such monumental
sacrifice, the costs of promoting democracy will be small -- and
the consequences for our peace and prosperity beyond measure.
8
Ultimately, the victory for democracy cannot be won in the
West. That victory can only be won by the people of Russia and
Ukraine -- by all the new nations rising out of the old Soviet
empire. Only they can determine their future. Only they can
make freedom their own.
But our help comes at a critical moment -- at a time when
the forces of freedom are fragile, and the outcome is all but
certain.
We stand at history's hinge-point -- a new world beckons on
the horizon, while the ghosts of history stand in the shadows.
We face this challenge for the third time this century. 75
years ago this month, American troops poured into Europe to tip
the balance against aggression. Yet, with the battle won,
America withdrew across the ocean -- and the "war to end all
wars" produced a peace that did not last a generation.
The isolationist impulse remained strong. Years later, as
the Nazis began their march across the continent, I can still
remember the editorials here in the U.S., talking about "Europe's
war" -- as if America could close itself off, as if we could
isolate ourselves from the world beyond our shores.
Today, again, we hear the echoes of earlier times. In the
aftermath of the Cold War, as in the wars we've won before,
America is less interested in conquest than coming home -- to
make up for lost time.
I remember: I was one of those young men in a hurry. We
felt the same temptation to turn inward, away from a world that
Carl Leininger. spengerinter
9
703
seemed so full of chaos to the comforts of home. In two years'
time, we brought our Armed Forces down from a war-time peak of 12
million to a force little more than one-tenth that size.
And then the glory of the great victory over fascism gave
way to the grim reality of the new communist threat.
Leaders like Truman and Vandenburg, Acheson and Eisenhower
saw the threat -- shaped a coalition that kept America engaged -
- kept the peace through the long twilight struggle to the last
dying days of the communist system. And they taught the lesson
we must heed today: that the noblest mission of the victor is to
turn an enemy into a friend. //
After a half-century of fear and mistrust, America, Russia
and the new nations of the former USSR can become partners in
peace. After a half-century of Cold War and harsh words -- we
can speak and act on common values. After a half-century of
armed and uneasy peace -- we can move forward toward a new world
of freedom. //
Thank you all for this warm welcome -- and may God bless the
United States of America.
# # #
draft
April 8/4, 1992
MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT
THROUGH:
DAVID F. DEMAREST
FROM:
DAN MC GROARTY
SUBJECT:
PROPOSED REMARKS FOR THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF
NEWSPAPER EDITORS
I. SUMMARY
On Thursday, April 9 at 1:45 p.m. you will deliver
remarks to 650 members of the American Society of Newspaper
Editors and their 69th annual convention in the Grand Ballroom of
the J.W. Marriott in Washington, D.C.
II. DISCUSSION
18
Your remarks, (approximately 12 minutes / teleprompter)
focus on
VOLUME 4
Birmingham to Burlington
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA
AMERICANA
INTERNATIONAL EDITION
COMPLETE IN THIRTY VOLUMES
FIRST PUBLISHED IN 1829
GROLIER INCORPORATED
International Headquarters: Danbury, Connecticut 06816
510
BRETON DE LOS HERREROS-BREUIL
Influenced by medieval style, Breton wrote
two moral allegories in 1592, Pilgrimage to Para-
discussion for the Bretton Woods States. State,
held on the invitation of the United
dise and Joined with the Countess of Pembroke's
The primary result of the
Love. Wits Trenchmour (1597), a book on an-
creation of two postwar international
gling that is considered his best prose work, re-
the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and
veals his warm appreciation of country life. The
the International Bank for Reconstruction and
Fantasticks (1626) contains prose descriptions of
Development (IBRD), the latter popularly known
country customs.
as the World Bank. They became specialized
agencies of the United Nations, with their head-
BRETON DE LOS HERREROS, brã-tôn' da lõs
quarters in Washington, D.C. The IMF and
er-re'rõs, Manuel (1796-1873), Spanish drama-
the World Bank are twin organizations with simi-
tist, who was noted for his satiric comedies in
lar organizational structure and have nearly the
verse. He was born in Quel, Logroño, Spain, on
same membership, embracing most countries of
Dec. 18 or 19, 1796. In 1812 he joined the army,
the non-Communist world.
in which he served as a clerk until 1822. There-
DELBERT A. SNIDER, Miami University, Ohio
after he held minor government posts.
Bretón wrote about 175 plays, the most suc-
BREUER, broi'er, Marcel Lajos (1902-1981).
cessful of which ignored the romantic taste of
Hungarian-American architect, one of the last to
the day for emotional historical dramas and gent-
maintain the functionalist principles of the Bau-
ly mocked the customs of middle-class Spanish
haus school, although his late style became highly
society. His first play, A la vejez viruelas (1824),
plastic, using forms for their own sake. Breuer
won wide acclaim. His best-known works in-
was born at Pécs, Hungary, on May 22, 1902.
clude Marcela, j0 cuál de los tres? (1831),
After graduating from the Bauhaus, newly found-
Muérete y verás (1837), and La escuela del
ed by Walter Gropius, he was head of its car-
matrimonio (1852), all of which deal with the
pentry shop for four years. There he designed
practical aspects of married life. Bretón was
furniture (notably the S-shaped side chair) in
elected to the Spanish Academy in 1837 and was
steel tubing, aluminum, and plywood, much of
appointed director of the Biblioteca Nacional in
it for mass production. He then practiced archi-
1847. He died in Madrid on Nov. 8, 1873.
tecture in Berlin and London before moving in
1937 to the United States, where he was in
BRETON LITERATURE. See CELTIC LITERA-
partnership with Gropius until 1942 and taught
TURES.
under him at Harvard.
Breuer collaborated with Pier Luigi Nervi
BRETONNEAU, bra-tô-nõ, Pierre Fidèle (1778-
and Bernard Zehrfuss on the UNESCO head-
1862), French clinician, best known for his work
quarters (1958) in Paris and planned St. John's
on diphtheria. He described diphtheria as a
Abbey (1953) in Collegeville, Minn., with its
single disease entity and gave the disease its
striking sculptural use of poured concrete. He
present name. He also performed the first suc-
also designed the boxlike, granite-faced Whitney
cessful tracheotomy for the relief of croup and
Museum (1966) in New York City. In 1968 he
clearly described the intestinal lesions of typhoid
won the American Institute of Architects' gold
fever, differentiating them from lesions caused by
medal, its highest honor. He died in New York
tuberculosis. In 1855, Bretonneau advanced the
City on July 1, 1981.
theory of the specificity of disease, that is, that
WALTER KIDNEY, "Progressive Architecture"
each disease is caused by a specific organism.
This theory anticipated by 20 years Pasteur's
BREUGHEL. See BRUEGEL.
work on bacteria.
Bretonneau was born at St.-Georges-sur-Cher,
BREUIL, brû'ye, Henri Édouard Prosper (1877-
Touraine, France, on April 3, 1778. He spent
1961), French archaeologist, best known for his
almost a quarter of a century at the hospital at
study of paleolithic art. He was born in Mortain,
Tours as an outstanding teacher, investigator, and
Manche, on Feb. 28, 1877. Breuil was ordained
physician. He died in Tours on Feb. 18, 1862.
a priest in 1900, but never held a curacy. Later
IRVING SOLOMON, M. D.
he recieved a D. Sc. degree from the University
Mount Sinai Hospital, New York City
of Paris. He lectured on prehistory and ethnog-
1992
raphy at the University of Fribourg from 1905 to
BRETTON WOODS CONFERENCE, bret'en, a
1910, when he joined the faculty of the Institute
1944
meeting held at Bretton Woods, N. H., in July
of Human Paleontology. In 1929 he was made
1944 and participated in by representatives of 44
professor of prehistory at the Collège de France,
countries. It was officially known as the United
a post he held until 1947. He became a member
48
Nations Monetary and Financial Conference.
of the Institut de France in 1938.
Experts from the various nations met at Bretton
Early in his career, Breuil specialized in the
Woods to discuss their mutual economic prob-
cave art of the Upper Paleolithic, and he investi-
lems and to try to agree on specific proposals for
gated many of the caves of France and Spain,
their solution. The delegates to the conference
among them Font-de-Gaume and Altamira. He
were aware that international financial coop-
was the author of many books, including 400
eration and institutional aid were going to be
Centuries of Cave Art (1952). Breuil revised
necessary for post-World War II reconstruction.
the cultural subdivisions of the Upper Paleolithic,
In April 1943, Harry D. White, U.S. assist-
and reinstated the term "Aurignacian" for one of
ant secretary of the treasury, and Britain's Lord
them. His major contribution to archaeological
Keynes published separate plans for a world or-
theory was his demonstration that these cultural
ganization to stabilize international exchanges
divisions were contemporeaneous traditions rather
and thereby enlarge international trade. The two
than successive epochs. He died at L'Isle-Adam,
plans were discussed by technical experts through-
Seine-et-Oise, on Aug. 14, 1961.
out the world. Their debates led to a "Joint
PRISCILLA C. WARD
Statement by Experts," which was the basis of
American Museum of Natural History
Bef.
G103
KENCE & AGENCY
Central
Intelligence
u55
Agency
1991
WH
The
World
Factbook
1991
The World Factbook is produced annually
2/19/92
by the Central Intelligence Agency for the
use of United States Government officials,
and the style, format, coverage, and
content are designed to meet their specific
requirements.
Information was provided by the Bureau of
the Census, Central Intelligence Agency,
Defense Intelligence Agency, Defense
Nuclear Agency, Department of State,
Foreign Broadcast Information Service,
Maritime Administration, National
Science Foundation (Polar Information
Program), Navy Operational Intelligence
Center, Office of Territorial and
International Affairs, United States Board
on Geographic Names, United States
Coast Guard, and others.
Comments and queries are welcome and
may be addressed to:
Central Intelligence Agency
Attn: Public Affairs
Washington, DC 20505
(703) 351-2053
PROPERTY OF
LIBRARY
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF
THE PRESIDENT
South Georgia and the South
Soviet Union
Sandwich Islands (continued)
Government
manganese, lead, zinc, nickel, mercury, pot-
2000 km
ash, phosphates; note-the USSR is the
Arctic Ocean
Long-form name: South Georgia and the
world's largest producer of oil and natural
South Sandwich Islands (no short-form
Bering
gas, third in coal
Barents Sea -
Sea
name)
Murmansk
Land use: arable land 10%; permanent crops
Type: dependent territory of the UK
Baltic Sea
NEGL%; meadows and pastures 17%; forest
Magadan
Capital: Grytviken on South Georgia is the
Leningrad
and woodland 41%; other 32%; includes
a
garrison town
Sea of
Yakutsk
irrigated 1%
MOSCOW
Okhotsk
Administrative divisions: none (dependent
Kiev
Environment: despite size and diversity,
Sverdlovsk
territory of the UK)
Black
small percentage of land is arable and much
Sea
Independence: none (dependent territory of
Novosibirsk
Vladivostok
is too far north; some of most fertile land is
the UK)
Baku
Caspian
Tashkent
water deficient or has insufficient growing
Constitution: 3 October 1985
Sea
season; many better climates have poor
Legal system: English common law
The United States Government has not recognized
soils; hot, dry, desiccating sukhovey wind
National holiday: Liberation Day, 14 June
the incorporation of Estonia. Latvia, and Lithuania
affects south; desertification; continuous
into the Soviet Union Other boundary representation
(1982)
is not necessarily authoritative
permafrost over much of Siberia is a major
See regional maps VIII and XI
Executive branch: British monarch,
impediment to development
commissioner
Note: largest country in world, but unfavor-
Legislative branch: none
Geography
ably located in relation to major sea lanes of
Judicial branch: none
world
Leaders:
Total area: 22,402,200 km²; land area:
Chief of StateQueen ELIZABETH II
22,272,000 km²
People
(since 6 February 1952), represented by
Comparative area: slightly less than 2.5
Commissioner William Hugh FULLER-
times the size of US
Population: 293,047,571 (July 1991),
TON (since 1988; resident at Stanley, Falk-
growth rate 0.7% (1991)
Land boundaries: 19,933 km total; Afghani-
land Islands)
Birth rate: 17 births/1,000 population
stan 2,384 km, Czechoslovakia 98 km, Chi-
(1991)
na 7,520 km, Finland 1,313 km, Hungary
Economy
Death rate: 10 deaths/1,000 population
135 km, Iran 1,690 km, North Korea 17
(1991)
km, Mongolia 3,441 km, Norway 196 km,
Overview: Some fishing takes place in adja-
Poland 1,215 km, Romania 1,307 km, Tur-
Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 popu-
cent waters. There is a potential source of
lation (1991)
key 617 km
income from harvesting fin fish and krill.
Infant mortality rate: 23 deaths/1,000 live
Coastline: 42,777 km
The islands receive income from postage
Maritime claims:
births (1991)
stamps produced in the UK.
Life expectancy at birth: 65 years male, 74
Continental shelf: 200 m (depth) or to depth
Budget: revenues $291,777; expenditures
of exploitation;
years female (1991)
$451,011, including capital expenditures of
Total fertility rate: 2.4 children born/wo-
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm;
$NA (FY88 est.)
man (1991)
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Electricity: 900 kW capacity; 2 million kWh
Nationality: noun-Soviet(s); adjective-
Disputes: bilateral negotiations are under
produced, NA kWh per capita (1990)
Soviet
way to resolve disputed sections of the
Ethnic divisions: Russian 50.78%, Ukraini-
boundary with China; US Government has
Communications
not recognized the incorporation of Esto-
an 15.45%, Uzbek 5.84%, Belorussian (Bye-
lorussian) 3.51%, Kazakh 2.85%, Azeri
nia, Latvia, and Lithuania into the Soviet
Highways: NA
2.38%, Armenian 1.62%, Tajik 1.48%,
Union; Etorofu, Kunashiri, and Shikotan
Ports: Grytviken Harbour on South
Georgian 1.39%, Moldovan 1.17%, Lithua-
Islands and the Habomai island group occu-
Georgia
pied by Soviet Union since 1945, claimed
nian 1.07%, Turkmen 0.95%, Kirghiz
Airports: 5 total, 5 usable; 2 with perma-
0.89%, Latvian 0.51%, Estonian 0.36%, oth-
by Japan; maritime dispute with Norway
nent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-
er 9.75%
over portion of Barents Sea; has made no
3,659 m
Religion: Russian Orthodox 20%, Muslim
territorial claim in Antarctica (but has re-
Telecommunications: coastal radio station
10%, Protestant, Georgian Orthodox, Ar-
served the right to do so) and does not
at Grytviken; no broadcast stations
menian Orthodox, and Roman Catholic
recognize the claims of any other nation;
7%, Jewish less than 1%, atheist 60% (est.)
Kurdish question among Iran, Iraq, Syria,
Defense Forces
Language: Russian (official); more than 200
Turkey, and the USSR
languages and dialects (at least 18 with
Climate: mostly temperate to arctic conti-
Note: defense is the responsibility of the
nental; winters vary from cool along Black
more than 1 million speakers); Slavic group
UK
75%, other Indo-European 8%, Altaic 12%,
Sea to frigid in Siberia; summers vary from
Uralian 3%, Caucasian 2%
hot in southern deserts to cool along Arctic
Literacy: 98% (male 99%, female 97%) age
coast
Terrain: broad plain with low hills west of
15 and over can read and write (1989)
Urals; vast coniferous forest and tundra in
Labor force: 152,300,000 civilians; industry
Siberia, deserts in Central Asia, mountains
and other nonagricultural fields 80%, agri-
in south
culture 20%; shortage of skilled labor (1989)
Natural resources: self-sufficient in oil, nat-
Organized labor: the vast majority of work-
ers are union members; official unions are
ural gas, coal, and strategic minerals (except
organized within the General Confedera-
bauxite, alumina, tantalum, tin, tungsten,
fluorspar, and molybdenum), timber, gold,
tion of Trade Unions (GCTU) and still
operate within general guidelines set up by
286
VOLUME 27
Trance to Venial Sin
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA
AMERICANA
INTERNATIONAL EDITION
COMPLETE IN THIRTY VOLUMES
FIRST PUBLISHED IN 1829
GROLIER INCORPORATED
International Headquarters: Danbury, Connecticut 06816
378
UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS
UNION OF
SOVIET
SOCIALIST
REPUBLICS
State Arms
CONTENTS
Section
Page
Section
Officially an atheist state, the USSR on Feb.
Page
1. The Land and
6. Mass Communi-
5, 1918, proclaimed the separation of the Russian
Natural
cations and Book
Resources
380
Publishing
Later the state restricted religious practices.
Orthodox Church from the state and schools.
420
2. The People
387
7. Government
422
3. Cultural Life
403
The Soviet regime was established by revolu-
8. The Economy
428
4. Education
415
9. History
428n
tion in 1917. Marxism-Leninism is the official
5. Science
419
doctrine, and the regime pursues the goal of
classless society owning all the means of produc- a
tion in common and distributing the nation's out-
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
put for the benefit of all. While rejecting the
(USSR) is the world's largest country. Bestriding
political and economic systems of the prerevolu-
the continents of Europe and Asia, it extends
tionary past, the Soviet regime nevertheless hon-
across 11 time zones from the Baltic Sea on the
ors much of the Russian heritage. In spite of
west to the Bering Strait on the east. It occupies
marked contrasts between the Soviet Union and
one seventh of the world's total land surface and
czarist Russia, there is a striking sense of conti-
is 2.4 times the size of the the United States.
nuity between Soviet rule and that of earlier
Soviet borders touch 12 countries and parts of
regimes in official ideology, thorough-going cen-
three oceans. This territory is nearly the same as
tralization, and the use of strict social and politi-
cal controls.
that of the Russian Empire before the 1917
Revolution, though there have been border ad-
ROBERT J. OSBORN, Temple University
justments. The Soviet Union is the world's third
most populous country, after China and India,
although its population density is low.
INFORMATION HIGHLIGHTS
The vast area of the USSR is broken by few
Official Name: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
natural barriers. These include several major
lik). (Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respub-
rivers flowing mainly northward or southward,
Head of State: Chairman of the Presidium of the
and some low mountain ranges, such as the
Supreme Soviet (president).
Urals, and some high ranges in eastern Siberia.
Head of Government: Chairman of the All-Union
High mountains divide Soviet Central Asia from
Council of Ministers (premier).
Political Head: General Secretary of the Central
adjacent Asian countries, and the Caucasus Moun-
Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet
tains span the area between the Caspian and
Union.
Black seas.
Legislature: Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
Area: 8,649,538 square miles (22,402,200 sq km).
Rich in minerals, the Soviet Union commands
Boundaries: North, Arctic Ocean; east, Pacific
abundant basic resources, such as coal and iron
Ocean; south, North Korea, China, Mongolia, Af-
ore, as well as a great variety of rare metals,
ghanistan, Iran, Caspian Sea, Turkey, Black Sea;
west, Romania, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland,
some mined north of the Arctic Circle. Reserves
Baltic Sea, Finland, Norway.
of oil and natural gas were greatly increased by
Elevation: Highest point, Mt. Communism (24,590
discoveries from the 1960's onward. There is
feet, or 7,495 meters) in the North Pamirs; lowest
point, Karagiye Hollow (433 feet, or 132 meters,
less arable land than the country's size might
below sea level).
suggest. Even after the large Kazakh Steppe was
Population: (1979 census) 262,436,227.
plowed in the 1950's, arable land has constituted
Capital: Moscow (Moskva).
Major Languages (in order of numerical importance):
just over one tenth of the total land area.
Russian (official throughout the USSR; others offi-
Industrialization began on a large scale in the
cial in given areas and transactions), Ukrainian,
1890's and was pushed at a rapid rate from the
Belorussian, Uzbek, Tatar, Kazakh, Azeri Turkish,
Armenian, Georgian, Lithuanian, Moldavian, Lat-
1930's on. The Soviet government in the latter
vian.
half of the 1920's and in the 1930's established
Major Religious Groups (in order of estimated num-
the world's first socialist economy and the first
bers of adherents): Orthodox Christians (Russian,
Armenian, and Georgian rites), Muslims, Evangel-
comprehensive economic planning. The urban
ical Baptists, Roman Catholics, Lutherans, Jews,
portion of the population has risen from 15% at
Buddhists.
the turn of the century to more than 65%. The
Monetary Unit: Ruble = 4 kopeks.
Weights and Measures: Metric system.
high prerevolutionary illiteracy rate was virtually
Flag: A red field with a gold hammer and sickle
eliminated by the 1940's.
below a gold-edged red star in the upper left cor-
ner. See also FLAG.
Russians make up 52% of the population,
National Anthem: Soyuz nerushimy (Indestructible
which includes more than 100 nationality
Union).
groups. About 28% of the people are non-Slavic.
Cabinet.
Edits
congress
McGroarty/Bunton
April 7, 1992
2:00 pm
[ASNE]
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEWSPAPER EDITORS
J.W. MARRIOT
orace hote Topper?
APRIL 9, 1992
1:45 P.M.
ASNE Seminar that AM.
Therry Anclessn?
{Acknowledgements of ASNE leadership.} Even in the age of
VCRs and CNN, people who want to understand the times we live in
still turn to the printed word. //
Look around the world today. Think of the Page One stories
of the past few years. Our victory in the Cold War, / the
collapse of imperial communism, / the liberation of Kuwait.
Think of the great Revolutions of '89 that brought down the
Berlin Wall -- broke the chains of communism -- and brought a new
world of freedom to Eastern Europe. Think of the role this
nation played in every one of these great triumphs -- the
sacrifices we made, the sense of mission that carried us through.
Each day brings new changes: new nations, new realities --
new hopes and new horizons. Yes, dictators have given way to
democracy -- and yet dangers remain. We've put an end to a long
era of military confrontation -- and entered a new age of
economic competition. But the challenges we face -- the sheer
complexity of our world -- can't obscure the basic values that
guide this Nation. Times change, but truths endure. I'm talking
about the big issues that shape our world -- about the values
close to home. Everything I've done -- I've done to preserve and
advance three precious legacies: strong families. Good jobs. A
world at peace.
(How about
it was pushed ?)
2
Securing those legacies has been my mission as President --
and it will be my mission today and every day, now and for the
next four years. //
The triumph we celebrate today -- the collapse of imperial
communism -- was 45 years in the making. From the first moments
of the Cold War, our mission was containment -- to use the
combined resources of the West to check the expansionist aims of
the Soviet empire. It has been my policy as President to move
beyond containment -- to use the power of the U.S. and its allies
to end the Cold War with freedom's victory.
Today, we have reached a turning point. We have defeated
imperial communism. We have not yet won the victory for
democracy.
Right now, in the lands of the old Soviet Union, people are
waging a valiant struggle for the rights and freedoms we possess.
The fate of that revolution -- the future of democracy in Russia
and the other new nations of the old Soviet empire -- is the most
important foreign policy issue of our time.
To understand this struggle, we must understand the scope of
the challenge. In Russia and across the old empire, nations now
seek to build a system of free government and free markets -- to
cultivate a spirit of public trust in people more experienced in
enduring servitude than exercising self-government.
History weighs heavily against hope: 74 years of communist
mis-rule will not be wiped away overnight. And yet in Moscow and
Kiev, in Yerevan and xxxx, a new breed of leaders -- drawing on
3
the power of popular mandates -- are pushing forward with reform.
Boris Yeltsin, / Levon Ter-Petrosian, / Leonid Kravchuk /
and like-minded leaders across the old Soviet Union seek to
replace the rule of force with the rule of law.
They seek for the first time not to impose rule in the name
of the people -- but to build governments of, by and for the
people.
They seek a future of free and open markets -- systems where
awk.
the basic rights that economic destinies rest in the hands of
individuals, not the whims of central planners.
They seek a partnership and alliance with us -- an end to
competition and conflict.
They seek to shape a new history -- secure a democratic
peace.
And in this time of transition -- they seek our help.
America must heed the call -- America must make a new friend
of an old enemy. //
If we are to act -- we must see clearly what is at stake.
There can be no question that it is in America's interest to have
Russia as a friend and partner. The failure of the democratic
experiment would bring a dark future -- at best, a return to
authoritarianism. At worst, a descent into anarchy. In either
case, the outcome would threaten America and the West's peace,
prosperity and security for years to come.
//
on
But we should focus not on the dangers of failure -- but on
the dividends of success.
Vssssss
4
The importance of democracy's success in the old Soviet
Union can be summed up in a sungle sentence: No free nation has
ever waged war with a fellow democracy.
Democracy in the former USSR will also lead to free market
economies and a vast increase in global trade and investment,
providing new markets for American goods, new opportunities for
American entrepreneurs, new jobs for American workers.
Today, two-way trade with the former Soviet Union is a scant
$4 billion billion dollars a year. No economist can pin-point
the value of trade opportunities we hope to have -- but the
potential for prosperity is great.
The people of the former Soviet Union are well-schooled and
highly-skilled. They seek for their families the same better
future each of us wishes for our own. Together, they form a
potentially vast market that crosses 11 time zones and comprises
nearly 300 million people. For those who see Russia's present
economic peril, and wonder whether the promise of prosperity is
real -- I ask this question: Who in 1946, when our adversaries
velus
lay defeated and devastated, would have foreseen the day when our
two-way trade with Germany and Japan would total more than $180
billion dollars?
We must act to support democracy for the sake of peace and
prosperity. But in the deepest sense, America must act not out
of some vague sense of altruism, or narrow calculation of
interest. We must act to uphold the ideals that give America its
meaning.
5
Across the boundaries of language and culture, across the
Cold War chasm of mistrust, we feel the pull of common values.
In the ordeal of the long-suffering people of the Soviet empire
we see glimpses of this nation's past. In their hopes and dreams
-- we see our own.
This is an article of the American creed: Freedom is not
it is the
the special preserve of one nation birthright of men and women
still
when
everywhere. We have always dreamed of the day democracy and
Jack
freedom will triumph in every corner of the world, in every
captive nation and closed society. This may never happen in our
lifetimes but it can happen now for the millions of people who
for so long suffered Soviet rule.
move
This democratic peace must be founded on the twin pillars of
political and economic freedom for the peoples of the former
kinned
Soviet Union.
4
Here is how we can make this new world a reality:
1
Strategically, the United States will continue to push
forward to reach historic nuclear reductions on all sides. To
Russia, Ukraine, Byelarus and Kazahkstan, we are offering our
help in dismantling and destroying their nuclear weapons -- and
we will work together to contain their spread. We are ready to
engage in an intensive program of military-to-military ties and
exchanges with the Commonwealth military forces.
Politically, we're reaching out so that America -- and
American values -- will be well represented in these new lands.
Only the United States has opened embassies in all of the former
6
republics. We will add to this presence "America Houses" -- to
bring American culture, America's heitage and history to the
former USSR. We will send hundreds of Peace Corps volunteers to
help create small businesses --- launch major exchanges of
students, professionals and scientists, artists and educators --
so that our peoples can establish the bonds so important to
permanent peace.
Economically, we must help these new nations build thriving
free markets on the ruins of the socialist model. The U.S. has
led the effort to provide urgent emergency food and medical
supplies this past winter. I have asked the Congress for $620
million in new funds so that Americans can share their expertise
in building a new free market -- in making needed improvements in
food distibution, energy production, in defense conversion and
democracy-building.
One week ago, I sent to Congress the Freedom Support Act,
designed to remove the old Cold War legislation that stands in
the way of increased trade and investment.
The burden does not fall to America alone. We are pursuing
a policy of shared responsibility: Working with the IMF and the
World Bank, with G-7 nations such as Germany, Italy, and Japan -
- three former adversaries we helped after World War II to
rebuild their democratic foundations --- and who are now helping
Russia achieve the same goal. 45 years after their founding, the
Bretton Woods institutions can now serve the precise purpose for
which they were created. By working with others we're sharing
7
the burden responsibly and acting in the best interests of the
American taxpayer.
Together with our allies, we have developed a $24 billion
package of financial assistance, to provide urgently needed
support for President Yeltsin's reforms. I need Congress's
support to increase the U.S. quota in the IMF by $12 billion to
help bring this about. Our help will be critically important to
the cause of reform.
I am heartened by the many messages of support from the
Congressional leadership -- in both Houses and in both parties -
- to move forward on our program. But I know that broad public
support will be critical to our effort to get this program
passed.
Z
I know there will be those who say, yes, the people of
Russia and all across the old Soviet empire are struggling. Yes,
we want to see them succeed, to join the democratic community.
But what about us -- what about the challenges and demands we
athomer
must meet right here in America? Isn't it time we took care of
our own?
My answer is that peace is in the interest of every American
-- each one of us alive today, and all the generations that will
follow.
that
As a nation, we spent more than four trillion dollars to
wage and win the Cold War. Compared to the costs of winning the
Cold War, the costs of promoting democracy will be be small --
and the consequences for our peace and prosperity beyond measure.
8
Ultimately, the victory for democracy cannot be won in the
West. That victory can only be won by the people of Russia and
Ukraine -- by all the new nations rising out of the old Soviet
empire. Only they can determine their future. Only they can
make freedom their own.
But what we do here can strengthen the forces of freedom at
a moment when the experiment
We stand at history's hingepoint -- a new world beckons on
the horizon while the ghosts of history stand in the shadows.
( This chance comes for the third time this century.
75 years
where ?
ago this month, American troops poured into Europe to tip the
what
balance against aggression. Yet, with the battle won, when
America withdrew across the ocean -- the "war to end all wars"
produced a peace that did not last a generation. When the Nazis
began their march across the continent -- I can still remember
the editorials here in America, talking about "Europe's war" --
as if America could close itself off, as if we could isolate
ourselves from the world beyond our shores.
Today, again, there are the echoes of earlier times. In the
aftermath of the Cold War, as in the wars that we've won before,
America is anxious to celebrate a great victory, and come home -
to make up for lost time.
I remember -- I was one of those young men in a hurry. We
felt the same temptation to turn inward, away from a world that
seemed so full of chaos to the comforts of home. We experienced
a head-long rush to demobilize: In two years' time, we brought
9
our Armed Forces down from a war-time peak of 12 million to a
force little more than one-tenth that size.
And then the glory of the great victory over fascism gave
way to the grim reality of the new communist threat.
Leaders like Truman and Vandenburg saw the threat -- shaped
a coalition that kept America engaged -- kept the peace through
the long twilight struggle to the last dying days of the
communist system. And they taught the lesson we must heed today:
that the noblest mission of the victor is to turn an enemy into a
friend.
After a half-century of fear and mistrust, America, Russia
and the new nations of the former USSR can become partners in
peace. After a half-century of Cold War and harsh words -- a
hall f-century of armed and uneasy peace -- we can now fashion a
E
real and enduring peace built on common values, a new world of
freedom
Thank you all for this warm welcome -- and may God bless the
United States of America.
# # #
I will stand for American engagement in support of a
democratic peace, a peace that can secure the next generation a
world free from war and conflict.
6849
Nich zims
899 sing ~P!N
123
PUBLIC PAPERS OF THE PRESIDENTS
OF THE
UNITED STATES
George Bush
PLURIBUS UNUM
1990
(IN TWO BOOKS)
BOOK I-JANUARY 1 TO JUNE 30, 1990
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1991
Apr. 5 / Administration of George Bush, 1990
Statement by Press Secretary Fitzwater on the Japan-United States
Structural Impediments Initiative Negotiations
April 5, 1990
Since the March 2-4 Palm Springs meet-
hard to produce the policy commitments
ing between President Bush and Prime
embedded in the SII interim report. Be-
Minister Kaifu, Japan and the United States
cause structural problems are deeply in-
have been busily engaged in strengthening
grained in both economies, complete results
the U.S.-Japan relationship by resolving on-
will not come quickly. However, the SII in-
going trade and economic issues. An agree-
terim report is an important way station
ment has been concluded on supercom-
along the road leading to a strengthened
puters, and agreements in principle have
U.S.-Japan relationship. We believe that the
been reached on satellites and telecom-
Prime Minister will continue to exercise his
munications.
assertive leadership on these issues and that
Today the U.S.-Japan SII working group
this will greatly facilitate the work on re-
released its interim report on the progress
maining economic and trade issues. Japan's
inputs to the SII interim report have been
achieved to date. The SII talks represent an
very positive ones, and we look forward to
approach that may be unique in the history
further cooperation on the final report in
of bilateral trade and economic discussions.
July. For its part, the United States will con-
The talks were designed to identify and re-
tinue to do its utmost to address the struc-
solve the structural impediments that con-
tural issues identified in the SII interim
tribute to economic tensions between the
report as affecting the competitiveness of
two countries. Accordingly, the interim
the U.S. economy.
report and assessment identifies specific
As President Bush has said, the leadership
areas impeding the adjustment of the trade
of Prime Minister Kaifu has brought a new
imbalance in both countries. The interim
spirit of cooperation to our relationship-a
report is the first major step in a process
positive, cooperative force which will
that will include a final SII report in July as
strengthen our security relationship and en-
well as implementation and follow-on.
hance the U.S.-Japan global partnership
Prime Minister Kaifu and the political
while simultaneously facilitating the solu-
leadership of Japan have worked long and
tion of outstanding economic differences.
Statement by Press Secretary Fitzwater on the President's Meeting
With Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze of the Soviet Union
April 6, 1990
The President met with Soviet Foreign
continued peaceful dialog in Lithuania. The
Minister Shevardnadze for approximately 2
President made clear that the United States
hours and 20 minutes this morning. The
does not recognize the forcible incorpora-
President's meeting follows 2 days of meet-
tion of Lithuania into the Soviet Union. He
ing that the Foreign Minister has held with
expressed our desire for self-determination
Secretary Baker at the State Department.
by the Lithuanian people and his concern
The 3 days of meetings encompassed the 5
that the Soviet Union not undertake any
baskets which have characterized our rela-
actions that might thwart resolution of this
tionship over the past year: human rights,
issue through peaceful dialog and mutual
bilateral relations, regional affairs, arms con-
agreement.
trol, and transnational issues.
In their discussions, the President urged
The working group on arms control con-
466
Administration of George Bush, 1990 / Apr. 6
tinues its work this afternoon. There are
Foreign Minister Shevardnadze reaf-
difficult technical issues yet to be resolved.
firmed President Gorbachev's commitment
In other areas of discussion, there was a
to glasnost and perestroika. He delivered a
fruitful exchange of views. In particular, we
letter from President Gorbachev on arms
pressed the Soviet Union to reconsider its
control. The Foreign Minister also reiterat-
position on direct flights to Israel. The
ed President Gorbachev's commitment to
United States has always supported freedom
resolve the Lithuanian issue by open and
of emigration. This step by the Soviet Union
frank dialog.
would bring about the freedom of move-
Near the end of the expanded meeting,
ment that we have long urged for Jewish
President Bush offered his personal assess-
emigrants from the Soviet Union.
ment of the U.S.-Soviet relationship. And I
In regional affairs, the two Presidents [the
quote:
President and the Foreign Minister] contin-
"Ours is a vitally important relationship.
ued the discussions on Afghanistan, Central
We have problems, including Lithuania. We
America, Cambodia, Africa, and other re-
are determined to resolve current arms
gions. The President made clear once again
control issues and move forward with the
our position on Afghanistan: that the people
process. And finally, we acknowledge the
of Afghanistan must have the freedom of
changes in Europe and share a conviction
self-determination in selecting their own
that stability is important."
government.
The President feels this meeting was ex-
On European affairs the issue of German
tensive, cordial, and productive. He looks
unification was discussed and the United
forward to the summit meeting with Presi-
States repeated its position that a united
dent Gorbachev and to this afternoon's dis-
Germany should be a full member of
cussions between Secretary Baker and the
NATO. Both sides noted the rapid changes
Foreign Minister.
toward democratic and economic reform
that are progressing in Eastern Europe, and
Note: Press Secretary Fitzwater read the
both emphasized the need for these
statement during his daily press briefing,
changes to continue.
which began at 1:10 p.m.
Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session With Members of the
American Society of Newspaper Editors
April 6, 1990
The President. To President Ghiglione
adjourned and have all taken off for some
and distinguished guests, thank you very
exotic place, I'm sure. But I am told that
much. It's a pleasure to be here. I see Hans-
the Governor of the State of Michigan is
Dietrich Genscher here, the Foreign Minis-
here, or was to be here. But if he is, I want
ter of the Federal Republic of Germany,
to pay my respects to Governor Blanchard
and I want to single him out and salute him
and all the distinguished guests.
and tell him how much I value the most
Look, my remarks will be short. After all,
cordial relations between the Government
ours is the Information Age, so I thought I'd
of the Federal Republic and the Govern-
leave sufficient time for questions and an-
ment of the United States of America. And
swers. But let me just talk for a few minutes
this man has done an áwful lot to make
about how, as information travels from one
those relations better. So, Hans-Dietrich,
place to another in the blink of an eye, our
glad to see you here, sir.
world has become even smaller; so that
You all understand our system, so I'm
what happens in Texarkana affects Tokyo or
looking around to see if I see any Members
Tbilisi. Like you, I find the Information Age
of Congress to salute. [Laughter] But they
fascinating. Its consequences are many,
467
Apr. 6 / Administration of George Bush, 1990
top p
from the growing global demand for a safe
thoughts. Of course, I'm talking about Terry
real SI
and clean environment to nations uniting
Anderson, and we hope and pray that he
For
against the scourge of crime and drugs. The
will soon be free. And he, more than
to rei
Information Age has helped liberty spread
anyone, would be moved by the men and
riers
from Nicaragua to the heart of Central
women who in 1989 and '90 have upheld
ports
Europe-what I call the Revolution of '89.
the tradition of a courageous free press.
contir
For as people come to know more of the
In Czechoslovakia, a playwright becomes
ident.
free world, they demand their own world of
President. Both his Foreign Minister and
petiti
freedom: free elections, free markets, free
chief spokesman are former journalists per-
struct
will unhampered by the state.
secuted by the Communist regime for
both
As you know, I met this morning with
years.
Co:
Foreign Minister Shevardnadze, and Lith-
In Colombia, the respected editor of El
there
uania was the key point of discussion. I reit-
Espectador is slain by assassins, but the
comè
erated the strong United States view that
murdered editor's brother becomes publish-
the
the issue must be dealt with through peace-
er and vows to fight-and does. "We cannot
progi
ful means. And we support the right of the
back down," he says. A bomb last year in-
result
Lithuanian people to self-determination.
jured over 70 employees of that same news-
only
We have never recognized the forcible in-
paper, and most of its facilities were wiped
is an
corporation of the Baltic States into the
out, totally destroyed. But the next day, an
stren
Soviet Union. And I told Minister Shevard-
edition hits the streets, printed by a com-
Th
nadze that this is an issue that could ad-
peting paper's facilities. The front-page
lyst
versely affect the prospects for progress in
headline says, "We Will Continue"-and
and
these important U.S.-Soviet relations. And I
they do. And let me commend those U.S.
the
urged the Soviet Union to begin a good-
papers which bought ads in that paper to
repr
faith dialog with Lithuania.
We want, and we believe the Soviets
show support.
you
want, to make further progress in U.S.-
And in Nicaragua, Violeta Chamorro,
and
Ar
Soviet relations. And we're working toward
former editor, wife of a murdered publish-
important agreements in the area of arms
er, becomes President in certifiably free
late
control and to make progress on human
elections-President of the land that they
bles.
rights and the solution of these regional
love. Freedom of the press begets freedom
And
conflicts. I asked him to convey to Presi-
of people.
Pres
dent Gorbachev that I am looking forward
This week, our talks with Japan focused
M
to his visit to the United States at the end of
on another aspect of freedom: the ability of
to t
May. This is an important time for discus-
people to trade and invest as they wish.
ber:
sion and dialog.
This morning I read a quote by a Japanese
Ple:
America's newspapers, of course, will
businessman that demonstrated this point.
and
report the news of this morning's meeting,
He was talking about the essence of private
and
just as they have for centuries, telling the
enterprise: competition. What the Ameri-
pre
truth, informing the public as fairly and re-
cans are saying, he said, about keeping
ask
sponsibly as possible, and letting the chips
prices low and quality high-they are talk-
C
fall where they may. And I know that the
ing about democracy.
poo
best example of today's Information Age
Last night Japan and the United States
ran
will continue to be a free press.
released that interim report on our Struc-
mil
What makes the Revolution of '89 so un-
tural Impediments Initiative designed to
tha
precedented is that at last an increasing
remove structural barriers to trade in both
SOC
number of foreign journalists are also free
countries. This SII is a unique undertaking
clo-
as well as able to write the truth without
and reflects enormous amounts of hard
ret.
censorship or without fear-reporters, com-
work on each side. The Government of
rep
mentators, and editors abroad who have
Japan and Prime Minister Kaifu-and I
wo
gone from instruments of the state to serv-
salute him-have shown true leadership.
ants of the people.
And the Prime Minister, in particular, de-
Ch
Let me take a moment to note one jour-
serves major credit. He made success on
me
nalist who is not free and who is in our
trade and economic negotiations with us his
468
Administration of George Bush, 1990 / Apr. 6
top priority, and in 1 month, we have had
will encourage him to do it. And we ought
Terry
to talk about a wide array of things on that
real success.
at he
For the first time, Japan has committed
press. pool. I notified the Members of Con-
than
to removing a broad array of structural bar-
gress at the time, or just before the oper-
and
riers that constrain trade and impede im-
ation began, and one of them told me that
pheld
ports. For its part, the United States will
he'd already received a call from a great
continue to address the structural issues
paper asking him about this. The person
'omes
identified by Japan by improving the com-
that called him had a compadre on the pool
and
petitiveness of our own economy-because
who had felt free to tell this person about it,
structural problems are deeply ingrained in
and that person had notified a very impor-
per-
for
both economies.
tant Member of Congress before the Presi-
Complete results will not come quickly,
dent could.
of El
therefore, but they can and they must
So, I think we should have some discus-
the
come. Neither the Japanese consumer nor
sions. And I think, for those who were in
blish-
the American people will be convinced that
the press pool and felt that they weren't
annot
progress is at hand until they see concrete
given access, we certainly ought to go the
ar in-
results. And this interim report shows not
extra mile to see that they get access when
news-
only substantial progress on trade issues but
they get there. When you're involved in a
bed
is an important way station leading to a
combat situation, I don't need to tell people
an
strengthened U.S.-Japan relationship.
in this room there are constraints. But, yes,
The Information Age has served as a cata-
I'd welcome such a meeting, and I'd be
:n-
.ge
lyst of cooperation, a conduit of knowledge,
very anxious to hear how it comes out. But
-and
and an advocate of freedom. As events of
I expect Dick will be glad to do it. And I
U.S.
the past year have shown, the free press
want to commit my man, Marlin Fitzwater
er to
represents the very essence of that age, and
[Press Secretary to the President], to attend
you've helped write the first draft of history
over there, too, because we are trying. And
and breathed new life into democracy.
norro,
heaven knows, we can use some sugges-
blish-
And for that, I thank you and congratu-
tions.
free
late you on this significant anniversary. God
they
bless you all. Many thanks for inviting me.
Middle East Peace Process
edom
And now to the fun part. [Laughter]
Q. Mr. President, this is a followup to a
Press Coverage of U.S. Troops in Combat
question I asked you in December here at a
cused
Mr. Ghiglione. The President has agreed
meeting of editors-[laughter]-in which
ity of
to take questions. As is quite clear, mem-
your answer was that the United States defi-
wish.
bers of the society only may ask questions.
nitely was not going to try to pressure Israel
inese
Please step up to one of the floor mikes,
to negotiate with the PLO. Some people
boint.
and please identify yourself by your name
seem to see signs now that this government
rivate
and your newspaper. If I may exercise the
is pressuring Israel by trying to establish
meri-
presidential prerogative, Mr. President, and
linkages between aid and the Israeli Gov-
eping
ask the first question.
ernment's performance. And also, there is
talk-
Given that the experience of the press
speculation that President Carter's meeting
pool in Panama again proved that this ar-
the day before yesterday with Mr. Arafat
itates
rangement for covering the early stages of a
[Palestine Liberation Organization leader]
truc-
military action is not working, and given
and Mr. Mitterand [President of France], at
d to
that Secretary Cheney essentially told this
which Mr. Carter was given an oriental rug
both
society on Wednesday that the issue is
by Mr. Arafat, that this had the blessing of
king
closed, would you be willing to ask the Sec-
your administration. I wonder if you would
hard
retary to meet with ASNE and other press
care to comment on these speculations.
it of
representatives to forge a plan that will
The President. Let me-and if I miss one,
d I
work? And how soon? [Laughter]
why, help me out. [Laughter] On President
ship.
The President. Sure. Knowing Dick
Carter, he was not acting with the blessing
de-
Cheney, I expect he'd welcome such a
of, nor disapproval of, or anything else of
S on
meeting. But if there's any complications, I
the administration. He was acting in this
IS his
469
Apr. 6 / Administration of George Bush. 1990
meeting on his own. I knew nothing about
in a stagnant economy or in an economy
emerging
it. And certainly the former President
that is in recession. So, a fundamental obli-
thing else
should be free to do his thing. That's exactly
gation on a President is to keep this longest
we're not
what he's doing.
peacetime expansion in history going.
couldn't
In terms of pressuring Israel to meet with
But I don't worry too much about when a
that we "
the PLO, that is not true, either. And there
person is put out of work by a defense con-
Of cou
is no evidence to support the allegation that
I sometimes hear that we are pressuring.
tract provided the overall economy is
when you
sound, because I think history shows the
see the t
What I would like Israel to do is to meet
economy can absorb an awful lot of people
pened. y
under the Baker plan and discuss peace,
and I'd like to see that happen. And no-
in very different enterprises.
was expre
body's tied any aid into that, and for that
So, we'll keep on trying to close facilities
and then
we get some criticism. I have no intention
that aren't needed, don't have priority; and
tor-why
it is very difficult to do that. But I know this
itself. My
of tying aid into it, but I will keep reiterat-
ing that, my support for the Baker plan, the
area you're talking about. I think some
briskly fc
areas in New England have been adversely
because t
Shamir plan, the Mubarak plan, all of which
are really basically one and the same thing.
affected, not necessarily by defense cuts.
out appr
And I do think we have a role in job re-
to see b
But one of Israel's fears was that they would
be compelled to talk to the PLO, and we
training.
people fir
democrac
have made very clear to them in detailed
Soviet-U.S. Summit
negotiations that that was not the case.
Chinese I
Did I leave out one part?
Q. Will you bring Gorbachev to Kenne-
Q. Mr.
Q. No, that's all.
bunkport?
marks to
The President. Okay, sir.
The President. I'm not sure. Well, we
China th
haven't made any determination on that.
Military Base Closings
call a CO
We've set the dates for this summit, and
Chinese
Q. Rather than asking you something dif-
most of the summit will clearly be in Wash-
now have
ficult about catching bluefish off the Maine
ington, DC. But beyond that the agenda,
they retu
coast, let me try to focus on something sim-
the timeframe, is open.
you willi
pler, such as the downsizing of the U.S. de-
Lithuania and Panama
guarante
fense economy. What responsibilities do you
status on
think the Federal Government has to places
Q. After this nation has invaded a sover-
the Exec
like Saco, Kittery, and Bath, Maine, for re-
eign nation-Panama-aren't we being a
you veto
training and retooling as the need for guns
little bit hypocritical telling the Soviet
this subje
and ships diminishes?
Union what to do in Lithuania?
The P₁
The President. I'm a strong believer in
The President. No, I don't think so, and I
know th
the Job Training Partnership Act. I think
don't think we are telling them what to do.
that's wl
the Federal Government does have a role
We're telling them what not to do. [Laugh-
went we
in retraining. I think it's been clearly set
ter] We're telling them what not to do, and
confiden
out by our very able Secretary of Labor.
that is: Don't use force. Do what you your-
You ra
But I'll say this: One of the most difficult
selves say you want to do-dialog, discuss,
being ra
things there is-as you're trying to get con-
do not use force-because we have an awful
was goin
trol of defense costs-is to close a base, be-
lot at stake in the U.S.-Soviet relationship,
what we
cause instantly the most committed dove
an enormous amount at stake. It gets into
from the
becomes the most flaming hawk if the base
arms control; it gets into human rights, the
am goin:
is in his or her district.
exodus of Soviet Jews; it gets into regional
provisior
And what I'm encouraging people to do
questions. And this is a major relationship
on. And
is to look at what's happened where bases
that affects the lives of people all over the
it will
and facilities have closed, and for the most
world.
extend t
part, I think you'll find that the economy
I see the able Foreign Minister of the
for Chir
compensates and takes care of people. But
Federal Republic nodding. And I'm not
schedule
training should be a very important part of
going to violate a confidence, but he points
not COV
it. That gets me to the fundamental point
out to me how important this relationship is
takes ca
that you're not going to get job opportunity
in arms control and on the peace of an
tions, b.
470
Administration of George Bush, 1990 / Apr. 6
emerging democratic Europe and every-
chance on somebody being mistreated, bru-
thing else. So, I want to keep that going. So,
talized if you will. And so, I think that will
we're not dictating or attempting to. We
be helpful.
couldn't do it anyway. But we are saying
The second one is directing that steps be
that we want it to be peaceful.
taken to alleviate concerns that have arisen
Of course, the Panama-I think that
recently about the revocation by the Chi-
when you see democracy working and you
nese Government of passports belonging to
see the tremendous support for what hap-
Chinese nationals. This is a technical INS,
pened, you see the will of the people that
Immigration Nationalization Service, ques-
was expressed in free democratic elections,
tion that's come up. So, these two provisions
and then had that will aborted by a dicta-
will be in the Executive order. And, then,
tor-why, I think that situation speaks for
to allay any concerns and some of these
itself. My only hope is that we can move
allegations against us, I will put into the
briskly forward and help that democracy,
Executive order all of the provisions that
because the Congress got out of town with-
were in the Presidential directive that we
out appropriating the funds that I wanted
immediately put into effect and that has
to see brought to bear on helping the
been implemented by the Attorney Gener-
people finalize and make more formal their
al. And I think that will certainly convince
democracy.
people, those that might be skeptical, that I
Chinese Immigration Relief
have every intention of keeping my word.
Q. Mr. President, you refer in your re-
We have kept it by this Presidential direc-
marks to the Revolution of 1989, but in
tive. But I did say Executive order, so this
China there was what some people would
will formalize it in an official Executive
call a counterrevolution. Do you think the
order fashion.
Chinese students who are in this country
Q. May I follow up briefly, sir? Would the
now have a legitimate fear for their safety if
terms of whatever this instrument is say
they return to China? And if you do, are
that this is open-ended and indefinite, or
you willing in some more formal way to
will it be a postponement for a fixed period
guarantee that they will have an indefinite
of time?
status on their visas, perhaps in the form of
The President. Well, there are a whole
the Executive order you talked about when
bunch of provisions. This one I referred to
you vetoed the congressional legislation on
will extend it from June 5th to 1994. I be-
this subject?
lieve it's January 1st, 1994.
The President. First, I don't know that I
know the answer, but some might. And
Federal Budget Deficit
that's why I took far-reaching action that
Q. Good afternoon, Mr. President. On the
went well beyond the Pelosi bill. And I'm
outside chance that I would have an oppor-
confident that it was the right thing to do.
tunity to ask a question today, I made an
You raise a technical question that is now
impromptu visit with about 30 of our read-
being raised about whether I-I did say I
ers, to ask them if they were here personal-
was going to have an Executive, order, and
ly, what they might ask you. And almost
what we had was an Executive directive
invariably, they were concerned about the
from the President. But I'll tell you what I
deficit. Why, they want to know, does it
am going to do. First of all, there are two
seem that everybody's talking about it, but
provisions out there that I want to expand
nobody seems to be able to do anything
on. And I will have an Executive order, and
about it?
it will direct the Attorney General to
The President. Well, we're trying to do
extend the deferral of enforced departure
something about it. The next move is up to
for Chinese nationals which is currently
the Congress. Under the law, they should
scheduled to expire on June 5th. This was
have budgets by the budget committees on
not covered under the Pelosi bill, and it
April 1st. Regrettably, April 1st has passed,
takes care of the hypothesis in your ques-
and the Congress has not put their proposal
tions, because we don't want to take a
on the table. But then, when that is done-
471
Apr. 6 / Administration of George Bush, 1990
and I think the committees will be address-
tigations?
nite!
ing themselves to that, both the budget
The President. That one has been unsuc-
sens:
committee of the House, budget committee
cessful. In that one, the interests of a
stan
of the Senate-when they do that, then
Member of Congress were severely dam-
Cali:
there will inevitably follow negotiations that
aged, I think, and he felt so. And so, a
hey
hopefully will lead to a guarantee of the
legitimate attempt was undertaken to try to
drill:
budget deficit going down.
see that there not be any breaches of this
ers.
But let me take this occasion to tell you
nature. But I'll tell you this, chasing down
Sc
one of the concerns I've got. We've got a
leaks is pretty hard to do, extraordinarily
Flor:
lot of people around Washington that are
hard to do. I don't think we've had any that
seala
saying, hey, why don't you raise taxes? Last
are egregious to our fundamental national
sens:
week alone, we asked for a supplemental on
security interests. There may be some, but I
drill
Nicaragua and Panama and included in
can't cite some examples for you.
ronr:
there were $2 billion of spending that we
So, I don't think we want to be frivolous
erma
did not request. We asked for clean air and
in this, but I believe that some things
will
there were some things we had to give on
there that resulted in a great deal more
should be protected, and sometimes they
mora
say, well, I'm too secretive. But I don't
ergla
spending. And there was another-one
other provision, one other piece of legisla-
accept that as a serious allegation. I don't
the =
tion-I'm trying to think what it was-last
know how to answer your question. I mean,
that
week that added-three pieces of legisla-
if there's something really bad, why, I think
tive.
we ought to find out what happened and
that
tion-substantially to spending.
punish the person that does something, if
sitive
And so, any agreement to get. this budget
it's against the law, certainly.
was
deficit down is going to have to have some
power in the Presidency of somewhere to
But in this case, spent $250,000-you're
you
guarantee that spending will be reduced. I
telling me-and didn't get anywhere, well,
goin.
use the Nicaragua-Panama as a clean shot.
I can't be defending that as particularly
prov
We feel there was an emergency there-to
prudent use of the taxpayers' money.
shor
Q. Are you consulted before they decide
soun
help these two democracies. We went up
there with, what I would recall, laser-like
to open an investigation on a leak?
Nega
approach, and you find that the bill is in-
The President. I was certainly consulted
Q.
creased by about $2 billion. So, I would like
on that one and strongly supported the At-
your
to get the deficit down. Thank God we
torney General of the United States.
tive.
have a growing economy; the problem
Offshore Oil Drilling
Will:
would be a lot worse if we didn't. But that's
racis
where it stands, and I think after I hear
Q. Mr. President, a lot of us in Florida are
to
from these two committees what the Con-
concerned with offshore oil drilling. A lot of
Dav:
gress is willing to do, why, then we can
us would like to see a permanent ban.
lion
have some serious negotiations about it.
Would you discuss your position on this?
And
The President. My position is, there
Security Leaks
plan:
shouldn't be a permanent ban on offshore
vani,
Q. Mr. President, I'd like to ask a ques-
drilling because then I would be compelled
M
tion about leaks-not the vegetable.
to ask the question: Where do we get the
mov
[Laughter] Last year the Justice Depart-
energy to keep this country going and to
you
ment decided to take a tough stand on leaks
keep the working man and woman at work
Th.
and to aggressively investigate them with
and heat the homes? So, I don't think there
fere:
an eye toward prosecution. Since then
should be a ban, and I don't want to see the
the
they've launched several unsuccessful leak
United States become increasingly depend-
paig:
probes, including one much-publicized
ent on foreign oil. We're up close to 50
by ti
one-cost almost a quarter of a million dol-
percent right now. And some remember in
to. S
lars and used 11 FBI agents for several
this room when we had some real problems
and
months, but proved inconclusive.
getting oil from the Persian Gulf for one
ship.
Isn't it time to put the taxpayers' money
reason or another.
ficul:
to better use and lighten up on these inves-
Having said that, I think there will defi-
your
472
Administration of George Bush, 1990 / Apr. 6
nitely be bans on certain environmentally
paign. And if there's a way to improve the
nsuc-
sensitive areas. And what I don't under-
quality and decency of campaigns, I'm all
of a
stand is when a tanker bringing oil into
for it.
dam-
California goes aground, people stop saying,
Q. Well, there's no suggestion of censor-
so, a
hey, this proves you shouldn't have offshore
ship here, just an appeal to more ethical
ry to
drilling. I mean, do they want to ban tank-
campaigning.
this
ers, too?
The President. That would be fine. You
lown
So, what we're trying to do-you're from
might start with the Democrats in Texas.
arily
Florida, I'll tell you-is to try to redefine
[Laughter] How come you didn't mention
that
sealanes so to protect the environmentally
that one? I mean, I think there's a myth
ional
sensitive Everglades, in this case, and to not
abroad, and people didn't want to look at
but I
drill in areas that are highly sensitive envi-
the real issues. And I refuse to plead guilty
ronmentally. You're looking at a bone fish-
to some of the charges made by, I think,
lous
erman, one who likes to go down there and
rather biased sources suggesting that the
ings
will be in a couple of weeks down at Isla-
campaign was something that was unique in
they
morada. And I know enough about the Ev-
its ugliness.
don't
erglades and have been briefed enough on
lon't
the environment of the Everglades to know
Access to Federal Information
that that ecological balance is highly sensi-
Q. Mr. President, most of us in this room
tive. So, we will be announcing a policy
share your admiration for the benefits of a
.1
that prohibits drilling in certain highly sen-
free and aggressive and an active press, and
sitive areas that will not ban-your question
yet most of us in this room over the past
was broad, you didn't say just in Florida,
few months, to name a period of time, have
u're
you said offshore drilling-and we're not
had great difficulty in prying information
ell,
going to ban offshore drilling. It has been
out of the Federal Government. In fact,
arly
proved in my part of the country that off-
there are many of us in this room who be-
shore drilling can be done compatibly with
lieve that the Federal Freedom of Informa-
cide
sound environmental practice.
tion Act simply does not work.
Negative Political Campaigning
We are faced repeatedly with delays of
ted
Q. Mr. President, many people felt that
weeks or months or sometimes even years.
At-
your 1988 campaign was excessively nega-
We have filed countless lawsuits trying to
tive. In fact, some people felt that the
get information about worker safety or the
Willie Horton commercial was patently
environment. Will you use the benefits of
racist. There's a move in this country now
presence and power of your office to try to
are
to try to combat negative campaigning.
help us to report to the American people
of
David Broder has called it a genuine rebel-
what our government is doing by improv-
an.
lion against the cheapening of our politics.
ing the Federal Freedom of Information
is?
And I think there are major conférences
Act?
ere
planned this year at University of Pennsyl-
The President. I'm not sure I know
»re
vania and Harvard.
enough about the mechanics of it, but yes, I
ed
My question is, are you aware of this
would be interested if there are things we
he
movement, do you encourage it, and would
can do to streamline it and to make it more
to
you respond to it in your next campaign?
efficient because the law was passed to fa-
rk
The President. I'm not aware of the con-
cilitate the distribution of information. And
re
ference he's talking about; I'm aware about
if that's not working, I think we should take
ne
the allegations. You repeated one. My cam-
a look at it. But I'm just not familiar with
d-
paign ad didn't happen to be a campaign ad
enough of the details of it to know wherein
50
by the Bush campaign that you're referring
these delays take place, wherefrom these
in
to. So, we've got to get the facts out there
delays stem.
as
and deal from facts. But I'm against censor-
Q. I can almost assure you that we will be
e
ship. I think it would be extraordinarily dif-
happy to provide you with those details.
ficult to censor. You wouldn't want it for
The President. All right. I hope I agree
your paper, and I don't want it for the cam-
with you because maybe we can get some
473
Apr. 6 / Administration of George Bush, 1990
headway, then, on this question.
them have been held for as long as 8 years.
action
Lithuanian Independence
The President. I must confess I don't
at Prit
Q. Mr. President, with the foreign press
know about that. Detainees in what sense?
with
Detained for what?
mothe
thrown out of Lithuania, the world's eyes
and ears, so to speak, removed, what rea-
Q. They are under the INS being held as-
And,
sons do we and you have to believe Presi-
detainees. Their status is the same as if they
memb
dent Gorbachev will do what he says and
were still floating around in boats off the
deligh
coast.
sen, I'
work to a peaceful resolution of the crisis?
The President. Are these people from the
is not.
The President. I'm not sure I can answer
Mariel boat lift or something of that nature?
han, b
that question. But I know what I can do as
President of the United States, and that is
Q. Yes.
and b
to encourage in every way possible through
The President. They're in jail?
respe
I'm
talks like we had today, through talks like I
Q. They're in Federal penitentiaries held
Mrs. (
will be having in a couple of months with
under lockdown 24 hours a day.
how V
Mr. Gorbachev-encourage that kind of
The President. I'm familiar with some that
here.
performance and encourage access, encour-
are held, but I must say for innocent people
they're
age permission to permit a free press to
being held, that I'm not familiar with that.
the foi
come there. And that's what we can do.
So, now I will make sure to look into that
sentat
And that's what I will do because I'm
one, too. But I know that there are some in
and St
strongly in favor of fully open reporting.
the Federal prison in Atlanta who are
Presid
I heard him ask the question. I unfortu-
criminal elements who had full access to
of his
nately didn't hear the answer today; they
the American law, but are still there and
with
asked him about that. But I do think that
probably will be unless the return program
totally
freedom of the press in these places is part
works. And we've tried to return to
welco
of the new wave of democracy and free-
Castro-in fact, some have gone back-but
Johns
dom. And some formerly closed societies
I think you're talking about a broader cate-
And I
are going to have to adjust to it. So, I hope.
gory of presumably innocent people. I'm
here.
that I can be helpful by dealing with the
embarrassed to say I don't know the details
name:
top Soviet leaders and encouraging them to
of that.
like t.
permit what most democracies take for
Well, in any event, thank you all very
will
granted: a free and open press. And I will
much. I've enjoyed being with you.
Award
try hard on that.
afford
Cuban Detainees
Note: The President spoke at 2:30 p.m. in
Jack
the Grand Ballroom at the J.W. Marriott
dent
Q. Mr. President, there are currently
Hotel. In his remarks, he referred to Terry
ably
about 1,200 Cuban detainees being held in
Anderson, the Associated Press reporter who
about
maximum security penitentiaries around
was kidnaped in Beirut, Lebanon, on
book
the country who have not committed
March 16, 1985. Loren Ghiglione, president
dent,
crimes in the United States. They are in
of the society, introduced the President and
some
administrative limbo. Do you plan to do
acted as moderator during the question-
"terro
anything about those situations? Some of
and-answer session.
lo
ing, I
devot
Comp
Remarks at the 25th Anniversary Celebration of President Lyndon
humo
B. Johnson's Inauguration
The
bit. L
April 6, 1990
by hi
Ball
Welcome. Well, what a wonderful reun-
son; as well as her daughters, Lynda and
Hube
ion. And thanks, first, to the family, espe-
Luci; and the grandkids: Lynn, Nicole, Re-
today
cially our esteemed friend, Lady Bird John-
bekah, Claudia, Catherine, and missing in
Hube
is-h:
474
Laventhol, David A., The Times Mirror Company, Los Angeles
1992 ASNE CONVENTION ATTENDANCE LIST
McQuern, Marcia A., The Press-Enterprise, Riverside
*
Denotes new member
Newton, Eric, The Tribune, Oakland
Petersen, Richard K., The Times-Advocate, Escondido
ALABAMA
*Schwadron, Terry, The Times, Los Angeles
Brown, Donald A.(Hannah), The News, Tuscaloosa
Stogsdill, Carol A., Los Angeles Times, Costa Mesa
Distelheim, Joseph S., The Star, Anniston
Zacchino, Narda C., The Times, Los Angeles
Gaultney, I. Bruce, The Times Daily, Florence
McCauley, Patrick E. (Jean), The Times, Huntsville
COLORADO
Scarritt, Thomas V, The News, Birmingham
Ambrose, Morris J. (Fran), The Rocky Mountain News, Denver
Taylor, Thomas A., III (Sandra), The Press Register, Mobile
Otto, Jean (Lee Baker), The Rocky Mountain News, Denver
Woodward, J. Lee (Gayle), The News, Huntsville
Spencer. F. Gilman, The Post, Denver
*Wright, Thomas G. (Regina), The Daily, Decatur
CONNECTICUT
TEL:
ALASKA
Brown, Judith W. (Heather Alling). The Herald, New Britain
Murray, J. Randolph, The Times, Anchorage
Butler, David J., The Register, New Haven
Weaver, Howard C. (Barb Hodgin). The Daily News, Anchorage
MacChuggage, Reid, The Day, New London
Southerland, William C, The Republican-American, Waterbury
ARIZONA
White, Barbara Comstock (Carter), retired, Meriden
Murphy, Pat, retired, Paradise Valley
Oppedahl, John F., The Arizona Republic, Phoenix
DELAWARE
Freeman, Henry M., The News Journal, Wilmington
ARKANSAS
Dhonau, Jerry F,, retired, Little Rock
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Patterson, Hugh B. (Olivia), retired, Little Rock
Agres, Theodore J., The Washington Times
Downie, Leonard, Jr. (Gerry Rebach), The Washington Post
CALIFORNIA
Graham, Donald E. (Mary), The Washington Post
Allison, Lany (Patricia), The Press-Telegram, Long Beach
Graham, Katharine, The Washington Post
Amari, Jane, The Daily News of Los Angeles, Woodland Hills
Greenfield, Meg. The Washington Post
Anderson, N. Christian (Aletha), The Orange County Register, Santa Ana
Howell, Deborah (Peter Magrath), Newhouse News Service
Ault. Phillip H., retired, Claremont
Hoyt, Clark, Knight-Ridder
Bentley, Robert (Jeanne), The Californian, Bakersfield
Mears, Walter R., The Associated Press
Bhatia, Peter K. (Liz Dahl), The Bee, Sacramento
Pruden, Wesley, The Washington Times
*Bronstein, Phil (Bette), The Examiner, San Francisco
Shiner, Josette, The Washington Times
Coffey, C. Shelby, III (Mary Lee), The Times, Los Angeles
Silberman, Peter H., retired
Day, Anthony (Lynn), retired, Los Angeles
*Stemberg, William, Thomson Newspapers
Doyle, Kevin T. (Jenny), The Peninsula Times-Tribune, Palo Alto
Thomasson, Dan K. (LaQueta), Scripps Howard News Service
Favre, Gregory (Bea), The Bee, Sacramento
White, Robert M. (Linda Grimsley), retired
German, William (Gertrude), The Chronicle, San Francisco
Wilson, John M., The Washington Times
Guthman, Edwin O. (Diane), retired, Pacific Palisades
*Haswell, T. Clayton, The Contra Costa Times, Walnut Creek
FLORIDA
Hays, Howard H, Jr., retired, Riverside
Aguirre, Horacio, Diario Las Americas, Miami
Ingle, Robert D, The Mercury News, San Jose
Baker, C.W., Knight-Ridder, Inc., Miami
Kees, Beverly, The Bee, Fresno
Barnes, Andrew, The Times, St. Petersburg
Keyes, Saundra E,, The Press-Telegram, Long Beach
Batten, James K. (Jean), Knight-Ridder, Inc., Miami
Klein, Herbert G. (Marge), Copley Newspapers, San Diego
Black, Creed C. (Elsa), retired, Miami
Kyse, Bruce, The Press Democrat, Santa Rosa
Buckner, Jennie Rae (Steve Landers), Knight-Ridder, Inc., Miami
Apr 03,92 13:55 No.010 P.02
LaMont, Sanders H, The Bee, Modesto
Lavine, John M., Newspaper Management Center, Evanston
Christie, John T, The Sun-Sentinel. Fort Lauderdale
*Tyner, Howard A., The Tribune, Chicago
Clifton, Douglas C. (Peg), The Herald, Miami
*Wycliff, Noel D., The Tribune, Chicago
Cryer, Eugene E., The Sun-Sentinel, Fort Lauderdale
Davidson, Herbert M., Jr. (Julia Davidson), The News-Journal, Daytona Beach
INDIANA
Davidson, Josephine Field, The News-Joumal, Daytona Beach
Caperton, Frank, The Star, Indianspolis
Fitzpatrick, Albert E., Knight-Ridder, Inc., Miami
*Cox, Betty L. Wells, The Post-Tribune, Gary
Foley, Michael F. (Kelly Ring), The Times, St. Petersburg
Jackson, Bill D. (Jill), The Press, Evansville
*Gailey, Philip L, The Times, St. Petersburg
Jacobs, Harvey C. (Charlene), The News, Indianapolis
Gibson, Malcolm D. (Joyce), The Sun, Gainesville
Klugman, Craig, The Journal-Gazette, Fort Wayne
Haile, L. John, The Sentinel, Orlando
Lyst, John H. (Sharon), The Star, Indianapolis
Haiman. Robert J. (Royce), The Poynter Institute, St. Petersburg
Moscowitz. Raymond, Nixon Newspapers, Inc., Peru
Healy, Jane E., The Sentinel, Orlando
Mosher, Roger L. (Sherry), The News, Shelbyville
Hills, Argentina, retired, Miami
Phillippi, Wendell C. (Barbara), retired, Indianapolis
TEL:
Hills, Lee, retired, Miami
Schurz, James M., Schurz Communications, South Bend
Johnson, Ben, The Times, St. Petersburg
1
Johnson, Edward L. (Carole), New York Times Regional Group, Tallahassee
IOWA
Lawrence, David, Jr. (Roberta), The Herald, Miami
Cranberg. Gilbert (Norma), retired, Des Moines
Mathes, Mark, The Star-Banner, Ocala
Overholser. Geneva, The Register, Des Moines
Mancker, Earl R., The Sun-Sentinel, Fort Lauderdale
Westphal, David L, The Register, Des Moines
McFarlin, Diane H., The Herald-Tribune, Sarasota
Perez, Louis M., The Ledger, Lakeland
KANSAS
Roberts, Edwin A., The Tribune, Тапра
Buzbee, Richard E. (Marie), The News, Hutchinson
Smith, Harrison (Dorothy), retired, Key Biscayne
*Dill, Sherida, The Eagle, Wichita
Verdecia, Carlos, El Nuevo Herald, Miami
Ginn, John C., retired, Lawrence
Seaton, Edward (Karen), The Mercury, Manhattan
GEORGIA
Seaton, Frederick D. (Callie), The Daily Courier, Winfield
Carter, Don E, retired, Sea Island
Walker, Barbara W. (David), The Gazette, Emporia
Johnson, Al, The Ledger-Enquirer, Columbus
Martin, Ron, The Journal and Constitution, Atlanta
KENTUCKY
McAlister, L. Durwood (Fay), The Journal, Atlanta
Hawpe, David V., The Courier-Journal, Louisville
Osteen, James R., The Gwinnett Daily News, Duluth
Powell, Wickliffe R., The Independent, Ashland
Rosenfeld, Amold (Ruth), Cox Newspapers, Atlanta
Sitton, Claude F., retired, Oxford
LOUISIANA
*Tucker, Cynthia A., The Constitution, Atlanta
Amoss, Walter J. (Nancy Monroe), The Times-Picayune, New Orleans
*Wooten, James R. (Ann), The Journal, Atlanta
Forsyth, Malcolm (Francesca), The Times-Picayune, New Orleans
Lightfoot, Linda C., The Morning Advocate, Baton Rouge
HAWAII
*Hoff, David L, The Maui News, Wailuku
MAINE
Keir, Gerald J. (Karen), The Advertiser, Honolulu
Neavoll, George (Laney), The Press Herald, Portland
Reynolds, V. Paul (Diane), The Daily News, Bangor
IDAHO
Ureneck, Louis A., The Press Herald, Portland
Plothow, Roger D. (Pattie), The Post Register, Idaho Falls
MARYLAND
ILLINOIS
Carroll, John S. (Lee), The Sun, Baltimore
Cummingham, Linda Grist, The Register Star, Rockford
Casey, Edward D. (Jackie), The Capital, Annapolis
*Drake, Barbara Mantz, The Journal Star, Peoria
Davies, Michael I., The Sun, Baltimore
Apr 03,92 13:56 P.03
Fuller, Jack (Alyce), The Tribune, Chicago
MISSOURI
Harwood, Richard, retired, Bethesda
Dearmore, Thomas, retired, Springfield
Horowitz, Robert S. (Sandy), retired, Bethesda
Kennedy, George P,, The Missourian, Columbia
Jenkins, Ray, retired, Baltimore
Lipman, David, The Post-Dispatch, St. Louis
Maloy, Richard J. (Berneice), retired, Bethesda
Lockwood, George (Eileen), The News-Press and Gazette, St. Joseph
Roberts, Eugene L, retired, College Park
Palmer, Cruise, retired, Kansas City
Steme, Joseph R.L. (Barbara), The Sun, Baltimore
Woo, William F., The Post-Dispatch, St. Louis
MASSACHUSETTS
Zeeck, David A., The Star, Kansas City
Breisky, William J. (Barbara), The Cape Cod Times, Hyannis
NEBRASKA
Cattani, Richard J., The Christian Science Monitor, Boston
Finney, Michael J., The World-Herald, Omaha
Caughey, Bernard W. (Terry), The Patriot Ledger, Quincy
Howe, G. Woodson (Anda), The World-Herald, Omaha
Driscoll, John S., The Globe, Boston
Fanning, Katherine (Amos Mathews). retired, Boston
NEVADA
TEL:
Foudy, James T., The Daily Hampshire Gazette, Northampton
Frederick, Sherman R., The Review-Joumal, Las Vegas
Friedman, Amold S. (Bette), The Union-News, Springfield
Ghiglione, Loren, The News, Southbridge
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Goodman, Ellen, The Globe, Boston
Pride, C. Michael, The Monitor, Concord
Ketter, William B. (Phyllis), The Patriot Ledger, Quincy
Kovach, Bill (Lynne), Nieman Foundation, Cambridge
NEW JERSEY
*McDermott, Larry, The Union-News, Springfield
Hall, David (Suzanne), The Record, Hackensack
Plante, William L. (Susan), retired, Newbury
Kraus, Albert L retired, Westfield
Taylor, Benjamin B., The Globe, Boston
Lass, E. Donald, The Asbury Park Press, Neptune
Walker, Ruth, The Christian Science Monitor, Boston
Newhouse, Steven, The Jersey Journal, Jersey City
Winship, Thomas, retired, Boston
O'Donnell, Laurence G., retired, Ridgewood
Ollwerther, W. Raymond, The Asbury Park Press, Neptune
MICHIGAN
Sims, Watson (Bettie), retired, Rocky Hill
Claus, Marty, The Free Press, Detroit
Giles, Robert H. (Nancy), The News, Detroit
NEW MEXICO
Kullenberg, Roger D. (Pat), The Gazette, Kalamazoo
Gallagher, Timothy J. (Cheryl), The Tribune, Albuquerque
Longstaff. Robert H. (Mary Joyce), The Times, Bay City
McGruder, Robert G., The Free Press, Detroit
NEW YORK
Meriwether, Heath, The Free Press, Detroit
Aheam, William E,, The Associated Press, New York
Mosby, James R. (Maggie), The Gazette, Kalamazoo
Petykiewicz, Ed W., The News, Ann Arbor -> MICHIGAN
Archer. James M., NYTRNG News and Graphics Network, New York
Atkinson, Robert C, The Post-Standard, Syracuse
Petykiewicz, Sandra D. The Citizen Patriot, Jackson
Boccardi, Louis D., The Associated Press, New York
Stroud, Joe H. (Kathleen Fotjik), The Free Press, Detroit
Bosley, J. Scott (Carol), The Journal of Commerce, New York
Winter, Ken, The News-Review, Petoskey
Brown, Robert U., Editor & Publisher, New York
Bunn, Timothy D. (Nancy), The Herald-Joumal and Herald-American, Syracuse
MINNESOTA
Ewing, George M., Sr. (M.M.), The Daily Messenger, Canandaigua
Kramer, Joel, The Star Tribune, Minneapolis
Frankel, Max, The Times, New York
Lundy, Walker (Saralyn), The Pioneer Press, St. Paul
Hamilton, David, Newsday, Melville
McGuire, Tim J., The Star Tribune, Minneapolis
Herman, James P. (Janet), Ottaway Newspapers, Campbell Hall
MISSISSIPPI
Janensch, Paul, The Rockland Journal-News, West Nyack
Johnson, John B. (Catherine), The Daily Times, Watertown
Dunagin, Charles M. (Virgie), The Enterprise-Journal, McComb
Johnson, John B., Jr. (Susan), The Daily Times, Watertown
Emmerich, John O., Jr. (Celia), The Commonwealth, Greenwood
Jones, David R., The Times, New York
Apr 03,92 13:56 No.010 P.04
PENNSYLVANIA
Kam, Peter R. (Karen House), The Wall Street Journal, New York
Giancarlo, Gene, Allentown
Kharfeld, James M., Newsday, Long Island
Hennigan, David M. (Mary), The Sunday News, Lancaster
*Laline, Brian J., The Advance, Staten Island
Hetzel, Dennis R., The Daily Record, York
Lee, John M. (Rebecca), The Times, New York
Kirkpatrick, John A., III, The Patriot-News, Harrisburg
Marro, Anthony, Newsday, Melville
Marcus, David J., The Daily Item, Sumbury
Nibley, Andrew, Reuters, New York
McGough, Michael P,, The Post-Gazette, Pittsburgh
Pearlstine, Norman, The Wall Street Journal, New York
Mead, Edward M., The Moming News and Daily Times, Erie
Phillips, Warren H., retired, New York
Moore, Acel (Linda), The Inquirer, Philadelphia
Siegal, Allan M., The Times, New York
Raykie, James A., The Herald, Sharon
Steiger, Paul E., The Wall Street Journal, New York
Topping. Seymour (Audrey), New York Times Company, New York
RHODE ISLAND
Willse, James, The Daily News, New York
Heslin, Thomas E. (Pat), The Journal-Bulletin, Providence
NORTH CAROLINA
Quinn, John C. (Lois). retired, Carolina
TEL:
Rawson, Joel P. (Janeen), The Journal-Bulletin, Providence
Blount, Thomas L. (Betty Lou). The Enterprise, High Point
Terzian, Philip (Grace), The Journal, Providence
Bowers, Ben J., The News & Record, Greensboro
Daniels, Frank A., III (Teresa), The News and Observer, Raleigh
SOUTH CAROLINA
DuBuisson, C. David (Allison). The News & Record, Greensboro
Beck, Carl E., The Herald-Journal, Spartanburg
Goodman, Joseph C. (Ann), The Journal, Winston-Salem
Hawkins, William E.N. (Diane), The Herald Sun, Durham (DURE)
Deans, Susan C. (Mal), The Sun News, Myrtle Beach
Imman, Thomas P. (Quincy), The News, Greenville
Tarleton, Larry W. (Judy), The Post and Courier, Charleston
NORTH DAKOTA
Thelen, Gil, The State, Columbia
Dill, Joseph, The Forum, Fargo
Wilcox, Arthur M. (Katharine), retired, Charleston
Jacobs, Michael J., The Herald, Grand Forks
Paulson, John D. (Zoe), retired, Fargo
TENNESSEE
Boaz, Dee W. (Sam), The Leaf-Chronicle, Clarksville
OHIO
Johnson, Charles W., Jr., The Tennessean, Nashville
Burleigh, William R., Scripps Howard, Cincinnati
Loftin, Michael L., The Times, Chattanooga
Greer. Thomas H, The Plain Dealer, Cleveland
Neely, Paul (Linda), The Times, Chattanooga
Hanke, Michael E., The Repository, Canton
Seigenthaler, John (Dolores), retired, Nashville
Herton, Alan M. (Beverley), Scripps Howard. Cincinnati
Jennings, Max (Carol), The Daily News, Dayton
TEXAS
Lynch, Maxine, The Plain Dealer, Cleveland
Cooper, Charles E, The Post, Houston
Miller, Susan H, Scripps Howard, Cincinnati
Hansen, Bennett R., The Enterprise, Beaumont
Pennington, Clarence (Nancy), The Review Times, Fostoria
Langer, Ralph E. (Kathy), The Morning News, Dallas
Scripps, Charles E., Scripps Howard, Cincinnati
Loftis, Jack D. (Beverly), The Chronicle, Houston
Smith, Robert B. The Dispatch, Columbus
Mong, Robert W. (Diane Reischel). The Morning News, Dallas
Walton, Thomas W., The Blade, Toledo
Moss, W. James (Adele), The Express-News, San Antonio
Osborne, Burl, The Morning News, Dallas
OKLAHOMA
Pederson, Rena M., The Morning News, Dallas
Kelley, Ed (Carole), The Daily Oklahoman, Oklahoma City
Rademackers, Ed, The Light, San Antonio
Rose, Lary L. (Lauraine), The Caller-Times, Corpus Christi
OREGON
Tarpley, Richard H., retired, Abilene
Hilliard, William, The Oregonian, Portland
Tinsley, Jack B., The Star-Telegram, Fort Worth
Landaner, Robert M. (Sally), The Oregonian, Portland
Yack, Patrick A. (Susan), The Register-Guard, Eugene
UTAH
Apr 03,92 13:57 No.010 P.05
Hughes, John, retired, Provo
GUESTS
VIRGINIA
Denotes member applicant
Currie, Phil (Joan), Gannett Co., Inc., Arlington
Davis, Jack W., The Daily Press, Newport News
Finch, Jerald A. (Nancy), The News Leader, Richmond
Agee, Warren K., University of George, Athens, GA
*Aguirre, Alejandro, Diario Las Americas, Miami, FL
Hurlburt, Sidney H. (Carol), USA Today, Arlington
Almeida, Alcino G. (Pat), The Day, New London, CT
Jones, Edward W. (Peggy Marshall). The Free Lance-Star, Fredericksburg
Allen, Henry, The Post, Washington, DC
Jurgensen, Karen, USA Today, Arlington
Ammerman, Craig, Fourth Estate Golf Society, Moorestown, NJ
Landon, Forrest M. (Barbara), The Times & World-News, Roanoke
Anderson, Keith, United Media, New York, NY
Lloyd, Wanda S., USA Today, Arlington
McMasters, Paul K, The Freedom Forum First Amendment Center, Arlington
Andrews, Kathleen, Universal Press Syndicate, Kansas City, MO
Argirion, Michael, Tribune Media Services, Orlando, FL
Neuharth, Allen H., retired, Arlington
Baldwin, Gary, United Media, New York, NY
Obermayer, Herman J. (Betty Nan), retired, Arlington
Beatty, Thomas I, Tribune Media Services, Chicago, IL
Overby, Charles L, The Freedom Forum, Arlington
Blodger, John D. (Terri), ANPA, Reston, VA
TEL:
Policinski, Gene F., USA Today, Arlington
Bonner, Alice, The Freedom Forum, Arlington, VA
Prichard, Peter S. (Ann), USA Today, Arlington
Boyd, William M. The Poynter Institute, St. Petersburg, FL
Ritter, Robert (Susan), Gannett News Service, Arlington
Rowe, Sandra Mims, The Virginian-Pilot and Ledger-Star, Norfolk
Breslaner, Irwin J., United Media, New York
Brewer, John C,, The Times, New York, NY
Sandeen, Rod, The Freedom Forum, Arlington
Brinkman, Del, University of Kansas, Lawrence
Saol. Anne, Gannett Co., Inc., Arlington
*Brisbane, Arthur S., The Star, Kansas City, MO
Silverman, Mark A, Gannett Co., Inc., Arlington
Brown, Karen, The Poynter Institute, St. Petersburg, FL
Simpson, John M. (Carol), USA Today International, Arlington
Buchanan, Brian, The Freedom Forum, Arlington, VA
Sorensen, Alan T., The Times & World-News, Roanoke
Bullen, Dana, World Press Freedom Committee, Reston, VA
Wallace, Julia D, USA Today, Arlington
Bush, Valerie Chow, Asian American Journalists Assn., San Francisco, CA
Winter, William L. (Rosanne), American Press Institute, Reston
Wood, William H. (Carol), The Virginian-Pilot and Ledger-Star, Norfolk
Bushell, Brad, United Media, New York
Campbell, Don, Washington Journalism Center, Washington, DC
WASHINGTON
Carter, Hodding, MainStreet, Washington, DC
Casey, Martin, ANPA, Reston, VA
Alexander, J.D., The Post-Intelligencer, Seattle
Cashan, George, ANPA, Reston, VA
Koenninger, Tom (Marilyn), The Columbian, Vancouver
Choice, Harriet R, Universal Press Syndicate, Chicago, IL
Natt, Ted M. (Diane), The Daily News, Longview
Peck, Christopher (Kate Duignan), The Spokesman-Review and Chronicle, Spokane
Christensen, Steven, Los Angeles Times Syndicate, Los Angeles, CA
Clark, Roy Peter, The Poynter Institute, St. Petersburg. FL
WEST VIRGINIA
Cleghorn, Reese, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
Cleland, Robert, Los Angeles Times-Washington Post News Service, Washington, DC
Greenfield, David J., The Daily Mail, Charleston
Corrales, Juan, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
Marsh, Don (Jerry), The Gazette, Charleston
Counce, Thomas, United Media, New York, NY
Apr 03,92
WISCONSIN
Criner, Kathleen, ANPA, Reston, VA
Daly, Mark (Sue), ANPA, REston, VA
Gissler, Sig, The Journal, Milwaukee
Danky, James P,, State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
Martin, Mary L, The Northwestern, Oshkosh
Dennis, Everette E., The Freedom Forum Media Studies Center, New York, NY
Martin, Richard D., The News, Kenosha
Donahue, James E., ANPA, Reston, VA
Ringhand, Eugene A. (Joan), The Leader-Telegram, Ean Claire
Duffy, Robert, Universal Press Syndicate, Kansas City, MO
13:57
*Spore, Keith K., The Sentinel, Milwaukee
Eberhart, Paul G., King Features, New York, NY
Zweifel. David A, The Capital Times, Madison
Edwards, Linda, National Association of Black Journalists, Reston, VA
Eisendrath, Charles R., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
CANADA
George, Hunter T. (Pat), Thomson Newspapers, Toronto, Ontario
Engleman, Thomas E., Dow Jones Newspaper Fund, Princeton, NJ
Erburu, Robert F. (Lois), Times Mirror Company, Los Angeles, CA
Eshleman, Russell E., The Philadelphia Inquirer, Harrisburg, PA
COLOMBIA
Estes-Sumpter, Sidmel, National Association of Black Journalists, WAGA-TV, Atlanta, GA
Santos, Rafael, El Tiempo, Bogota
P.06
Ramsey, Douglas A., Foundation for American Communications, Los Angeles, CA
Fensterwald, John, The Monitor, Concord, NH
Reed, Robert S-, Tribune Media Services, Orlando, FL
Fliess, Maurice (Elfi), ANPA presstime, Reston, VA
Renfroe, Pat, ANPA, Reston, VA
Flores, Don, Asian American Journalists Assn, The Press-Citizen, Iowa City, IA
Richards, Robert D., Penn State University, University Park, PA
Forman, Len, ANPA/NAB, Reston, VA
Risser, James V. (Sandi), Stanford University, Stanford, CA
Forsee, Joseph B. (Oleta), ICMA, Reston, VA
Robinson, Jerry, Cartoonists & Writers Syndicate, New York, NY
Friedheim, Jerry, The Freedom Forum, Arlington, VA
Ryan, Leland, Northwestem University, Evanston, IL
Fromson, Murray (Dodi), Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
Salem, Lee, Universal Press Syndicate, Kansas City, MO
Fry, Donald K., The Poynter Institute, St. Petersburg, FL
Sass, Gerald M., The Freedom Forum, Arlington, VA
Funabiki, Jon, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA
Sasser, Emery L. West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
Garsi, Shirley, The Freedom Forum Media Studies Center, New York, NY
Sato, Yoshio, Japanese Newspaper Association, Reston, VA
Genick, Michael J., ANPA, Reston, VA
*Scholz, Jane, Knight-Ridder/Tribune Information Services, Washington, DC
Giner, Juan, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
Shaw, Susame, ACEJMC, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
Goldstein, Tom, University of California, Berkeley, CA
Shearer, Alan (Mary Ellen), Washington Post Writers Group, Washington, DC
Gollin, Al, NAB, New York, NY
Shedden, David B., The Poynter Institute, St. Petersburg, FL
Gutierrez, Felix, The Freedom Forum, Arlington, VA
Sparks, Mary Kahl, ASJMC, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX
TEL:
Guzzo, Glenn, Knight-Ridder, Inc., Miami, FL
Stark, Rosalind, ANPA Foundation, Reston, VA
Hall, Reggie (Karen), INAME, Reston, VA
Steele, Robert M., The Poynter Institute, St. Petersburg. FL
Heimlich, Richard P., King Features, San Diego, CA
Steinle, Paul (Sara Brown), University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL
Hendin, David, United Media, New York, NY
Sturm, John F-, ANPA, Reston, VA
Hynes, Terry, AEJMC, California State University. Fallerton, CA
Swagger, John, United Media. New York, NY
Ingham, Mark (Connie), NPRA. Reston, VA
Swanston, Walterene (David). ANPA Foundation, Washington, DC
Isaacs, Stephen, Columbia University, New York. NY
Templeton, Christine L (Brian Winston), Penn State University, University Park, PA
Taylor, Orlando, Howard University, Washington, DC
Janeway, Michael C., Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
Jones, Nancy. ANPA, Reston, VA
Toler, James, United Media, New York, NY
*Kaiser, Robert G, The Post, Washington, DC
Trott, Sarah, Washington Post Writers Group, Washington, DC
Kanter, Mary Anne, ANPA, Reston, VA
Walsh, Margaret A, New York Times News Service, New York, NY
Killian, John C., King Features, Waukesha, WI
Wells, Christine, The Freedom Forum, Arlington, VA
Klem, John P., Editors Press Service, New York, NY
Wilkinson, Earl J. (Danna Emde), INMA, Reston, VA
Konner, Joan, Columbia University, New York, NY
Williams, David D, Tribune Media Services, Chicago, IL
Kopp, Carol M., Prodigy Service, White Plains, NY
Wilson, Jean Gaddy, New Directions for News, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
Carol, Thomas Jefferson High School, Alexandria, VA
Wilson, Lisa Klem, United Media, New York, NY
Lange, Leeds, Al, Los Angeles Times-Washington Post News Service, Washington, DC
Withers, John K. (Pat), retired, Santa Rosa
Levine, Jesse, Los Angeles Times Syndicate, Los Angeles, CA
Woestendick, William J. (Bonnie), Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
Loevy, Diana, United Media, New York
Woodhull, Nancy, Nancy Woodhull & Association, The Freedom Forum, Arlington, VA
Lund, Eric, Columbia College, Chicago, IL
Zonana, Victor, Nat'l Lesbian and Gay Journalists Assn, Los Angeles Times, New York, NY
Yount, David, National Press Foundation, Washington, DC
Macaluso, Daniel A., Penn State University, University Park, PA
Mahoney, Walter F., Tribune Media Services, Orlando, FL
Zovistoski, Bernard, The Stars and Stripes
Apr 03,92
Matthews, John B,, United Media, New York, NY
McClatchy James (Susan), McClatchy Newspapers, Sacramento, CA
ASNE LEGAL COUNSEL, STAFF AND STAFF ASSISTANCE
*McConnell, Lawrence L, The Tribune, Tampa, FL
Adler, Allan (Chris), legal counsel, Colm and Marks, Washington, DC
McGill, Jennifer, AEJMC/ASJMC, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
Andioria, Nancy, ASNE Administrative Assistant, Reston, VA
McLeod, Brooke W., National Right to Work Committee, Springfield, VA
Burroughs, Elise, ASNE Publications Director, Reston, VA
McMeel, John P. (Susan), Universal Press Syndicate, Kansas City, MO
Foote, Cornelius F., Jr, ASNE Minority Affairs Director, Reston, VA
Carpenter, Winnie, Miami Herald, Miami, FL
13:57
Miller. G. Wayne, The Joumal-Bulletin, Providence, RI
Montiel, A. Stephen, Institute for Journalism Education, Oakland, CA
Jenkins, Suzanne, ASNE Secretary, Reston, VA
Morgan, John, BPI Entertainment News Wire, Boston, MA
Miller. Jane Ellen (Brian Tippen), New York Times Co., New York
Murphy, Sharon M., Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI
Schmidt, Richard M., Jr. (Ann), legal counsel, Cohn and Marks, Washington, DC
Newcombe, Richard S. (Carole), Creators Syndicate, Los Angeles, CA
Schmitt, Christine, ASNE Administrative Assistant, Reston, VA
Payne, John W., Los Angeles Times-Washington Post News Service, Washington, DC
Stimett, Lee, ASNE Executive Director. Reston, VA
Pearson, Michael, United Media, New York, NY
Quine, Frank, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
P.07
1991-92 ASNE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Morris J. Ambrose
N. Christian Anderson
Linda Grist Cunningham
Larry Allison
Editor
Editor
Executive Editor
Editor
The Press-Telegram
The Rocky Mountain News
The Orange County Register
The Register Star
400 West Colfax Avenue
625 North Grand Avenue
99 East State Street
604 Pine Avenue
Long Beach, CA 90844
Denver, CO 80204
Santa Ana, CA 92701
Rockford, IL 61105
14:59 No
213-499-1244 213-592-5992 (H)
303-892-5101 303-526-2066 (H)
714-953-7822
714-730-7083 (H)
815-987-1355
213-437-7892 FAX
303-892-5123 FAX
714-953-7796 FAX
815-987-1365 FAX
John S. Driscoll
Gregory Favre - treas.
Albert E. Fitspatrick
Robert H. Giles
Editor
Executive Editor
Asst. V.P./Minority Affairs
Editor and Publisher
The News
The Globe
The Bee
Knight-Ridder, Inc.
P.O. Box 2378
P.O. Box 15779
One Herald/Plaza
615 Lafayette Boulevard
Boston, MA 02107-2378
Sacramento, CA 95852
Miami, FL 33132
Detroit, MI 48226
Apr 01,92
617-929-3026 508-887-8770 (H)
916-321-1006 916-485-2486 (H)
305-376-3934
305-595-5645 (H)
313-222-2247
313-881-0380 (H)
617-929-3186 FAX
916-321-1109 FAX
305-995-8164 FAX
313-222-2599 FAX
Jane E. Healy
William Hilliard - secr.
William B. Katter
David Lawrence Jr.- pres.
Associate Editor
Editor
Editor
Publisher
The Sentinel
The Oregonian
The Patriot Ledger
The Herald
633 North Orange Avenue
1320 SW Broadway
P.O. Box 498
One Herald Plaza
Orlando, FL 32801
Portland, OR 97201
Quincy, MA 02269-0498
Miami, FL 33132-1693
407-420-54086 407-896-1042 (H)
503-221-8145 503-222-2057 (H)
617-786-7013 617-545-6987 (E)
305-376-3525 305-444-8875 (H)
800-347-6868 407-420-5090 FAX
503-294-4175 FAX
617-786-7025 FAX
800-753-3283 305-376-8950 FAX
5042
Ron Martin
Acal Moore
Irene c. Nolan
Burl Oshorne
Editor
Associate Editor
Managing Editor
Editor and Publisher
The Journal and Constitution
The Inquirer
The Courier-Journal
The Morning News
P.O. Box 4689
P.O. Box 8263
525 West Broadway
Communications Center
Atlanta, GA 30302
Philadelphia, PA 19101
Louisville, KY 40202
Dallas, TX 75265
404-526-5501 404-875-1542 (R)
215-854-4533
215-576-0853 (H)
502-582-4674 502 454 4168 (H)
214-977-8299 214-373-8588 (3)
7
404-526-5819 FAX
215-854-5884 FAX
800-765-4011 502-582-4360 FAX
800-431-0010 214-977-8285 FAX
Jean Otto
Geneva Overholser
Richard M. Schaidt Jr. - legal
Edward Seaton
TEL:
Associate Editor
Editor
Cohn and Marks
Editor-in-Chief and Publisher
The Rocky Mountain News
The Register
1333 New Hampshire Avenue NW
The Mercury
400 West Colfax Avenue
P.O. Box 957
Washington, DC 20036
P.O. Box 787
Denver, CO 80204
Des Moines, IA 50304
202-293-3860 202-544-6517 (H)
Manhattan, KS 66502
303-892-5478
303-733-3622 (H)
515-284-8502
515-279-5405 (H)
202-293-4827 FAX
913-776-2200
913-539-4522 (H)
303-892-5123 FAX
800-247-5346 515-286-2504 FAX
913-776-8807 FAX
Seymour Topping - v.p.
Dir. of Editorial Development
New York Times Company
229 West 43rd Street
14th Floor
New York, NY 10036
212-556-1978 914-472-5029 (H)
212-556-3722 FAX
FACSIMILE TRANSMITTAL SHEET
NUMBER OF PAGES INCLUDING COVER
27
DATE
3 APRIL 1992
TO
JOHN CRISP
DEPT. OF EDUCATION
FAX NUMBER 401-0596
ATTENDEES.
COMMENTS LIST OF ASNE BOARD MEMBER
THANKS FOR YOUR HELP.
FROM
JEANNIE BUNTON
*
DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNICATIONS
*
OFFICE NUMBER 456-7750
TEL:
Apr 01,92 12:03 No.007 P.01
FAX MESSAGE FOR: JEANNIE Bunton 202-456-6218
FROM LEE STINNETT, ASNE
DATE:
8 PAGE(S) FOLLOW(S)
If there is a problem with the transmission, please call 703-648-1144. To fax a
response, please send to 703-620-4557.
American Society of Newspaper Editors P.O. Box 17004, Washington, DC 20041
Expect 650 at the lunch
elections for new bd. mbrs. on Thursday afternoon
then Th Juday they vote for officers
TEL:
Apr 01,92
12:04 No. 007 P.02
DAVID LAWRENCE JR.
AMERICAN
MIAMI HERALD
ASNE
President
SOCIETY OF
SEYMOUR TOPPING
NEWSPAPER EDITORS
NEW YORK TIMES CO.
Vice President
WILLIAM A. HILLIARD
PORTLAND OREGONIAN
Headquarters:
Secretary
Mailing Address: P.O. Box 17004, Washington, DC 20041
Street Address: 11600 Sunrise Valley Dr., Reston, VA 22091
GREGORY FAVRE
Tel. (703) 648-1144
Fax (703) 620-4557
SACRAMENTO BEE
Treasurer
POTUS on 9th
March 28, 1992
ASNE APRIL 7-10 CONVENTION PRESS ADVISORY
WASHINGTON, D.C. --- Two presidents, two presidential candidates, two
ambassadors, two cabinet secretaries, the U.S. solicitor general, three mayors
and four Olympic gold medalists will be among the distinguished speakers at
this year's convention of the American Society of Newspaper Editors.
President George Bush, Nicaraguan President Violeta Chamorro, Governor Bill
Clinton, former Governor Jerry Brown, Japanese Ambassador Takakuru Kuriyama,
Ambassador Andreas van Agt of the Commission of the European Communities to
the United States, U.S. Secretary of Commerce Barbara H. Franklin, U.S.
Secretary of Health and Human Services Dr. Louis Sullivan, New York Mayor
David Dinkins, Boston Mayor Raymond L. Flynn, Washington Mayor Sharon Pratt
Kelly and Solicitor General Kenneth W. Starr will all address the 69th ASNE
convention, April 7-10 in Washington, D.C.
About 700 editors, spouses, journalism educators and guests will attend the
gathering, which will open Tuesday evening, April 7, with a reception at the
National Gallery of Art. Most sessions will be at the JW Marriott Hotel, but
Thursday morning attendees will visit either Howard or Georgetown
universities. David Lawrence Jr., publisher of the Miami Herald, is president
of ASNE, an organization of more than 900 directing editors of daily
newspapers. Gregory Favre, executive editor of the Sacramento (Calif.) Bee,
chairs the Convention Program Committee.
The focus of the Wednesday, April 8, program will be "Rethinking the Future of
Newspapers." Deborah Tannen, author of the best-selling "You Just Don't
Understand: Men and Women in Conversation," and Max Bazerman, author of
"Negotiating Rationally," are among the experts in communications and
management who will discuss trends affecting newspapers as a major information
source and as an industry. A highlight of that day will be "A Conversation
with Ben Bradlee and Kay Graham," which will be the luncheon session. Other
major newspaper figures on the Wednesday program are Cathleen Black, president
of the American Newspaper Publishers Association, and former ASNE president
John Quinn.
On Thursday, April 9, convention-goers will spend the morning attending
seminars and lectures at either Howard or Georgetown universities. Educators
THIRS,
from those universities will join distinguished alumni and guests for the
sessions. Mayors Flynn, Dinkins and Kelly and Dr. Sullivan will be on panels
THEO,
at Howard. Abner Mikva, chief judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the
District of Columbia Circuit, Solicitor General Starr and Talbot 'Alemberte,
president of the American Bar Association, will participate in a session at
Georgetown. President Bush will speak at the luncheon that day at the JW
Marriott Hotel.
THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS CONSISTS OF THE OFFICERS AND THE FOLLOWING:
JAY AMBROSE
N. CHRISTIAN ANDERSON LINDA GRIST CUNNINGHAM JOHN S. DRISCOLL ALBERT E. FITZPATRICK ROBERT Detroit H. News GILES Orlando
JANE HEALY
Rockford Register Star
Knight-Ridder Inc
Senanol
LARRY ALLISON
Boston Globe
Long
Beach
Press-Telegram
Rocky Mountain News
Orange County Register
AN
BURL OSBORNE
JEAN OTTO
GENEVA OVERHOLSER
EDWARD SEATON
Manhattan Mercury
TEL:
Apr 01,92 12:04 No.007 P.03
Friday's convention program will begin with editors quizzing Bill Clinton and
Jerry Brown and continue with sessions on "Exploration, "How the Business
Community Views the Press" and "Intimidation of Journalists Abroad." President
Chamorro of Nicaragua is the Friday luncheon speaker. She will be followed by
afternoon sessions on "Sexual Harassment"; "America in the World Economy, at
which ambassadors Kuriyama and van Agt and Secretary Franklin will speak; and
a discussion of the Olympics with Olympic medalists Donna de Varona, Bruce
Jenner, Sugar Ray Leonard and Cathy Turner.
The Society will also announce the winners of the Isaiah Thomas Newspaper
History Preservation Prizes and honor the previously announced winners of this
X
have
year's Distinguished Writing Awards. A daily convention newspaper, the ASNE
Reporter, will be produced by a multicultural staff of college students.
During convention week, ASNE members will vote to fill seven seats on the
whicher day election?
board of directors and the board will elect new officers.
The convention's closing event will be a reception at the Organization of
American States Building.
MEDIA COVERAGE
The JW Marriott Hotel, 1331 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20004, is the
convention headquarters. The convention press chair is John Wilson, assistant
managing editor, the Washington Times. For further information on the
convention and press badges, journalists may come to the Commerce Room on the
mezzanine level of Marriott beginning at noon Tuesday, April 7. The Marriott's
telephone number is 202-393-2000.
Press headquarters in the Commerce Room will be open from noon until 5:30 p.m.
on Tuesday and from 8 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. Wednesday through Friday. Journalists
are welcome to cover all general sessions, workshops, luncheon speakers and
ASNE University Day. Members of the press must comply with the following ASNE
policies:
Press name badges will be issued to working journalists, representatives of
the trade press (Editor and Publisher, presstime, News Inc., Publishers'
Auxiliary, The Quill, Advertising Age, etc.); and full-time media reporters
for the daily press. Members of the foreign press accompanying international
speakers will also be issued credentials.
Journalists should have Washington, D.C., police press credentials; Virginia
or Maryland police press credentials; White House press credentials; or House
or Senate press credentials. Other reporters, free-lancers or columnists
should have a letter on letterhead from their editor or news director
assigning them to cover the ASNE convention.
ASNE members should be aware that they may not obtain press credentials to
attend the convention as reporters. Non-members attending ASNE committee
meetings must register and pay a fee if they wish to participate in any other
convention activities.
Everyone entering the meeting halls and luncheon halls must have a name
badge.
2
TEL:
Apr 01,92 12:05 No. 007 P.04
Sandra Mims Rowe, executive editor of the Norfolk Virginian-Pilot and
Ledger-Star, will supervise the convention floor managers. They will control
activities in the meeting rooms to minimize disruptions.
Electronic media must get their audio feed from a mult box. There will be no
exceptions and no microphones allowed in the meeting rooms. The media may
substitute a pool mult box for the hotel's box, if they wish. If a pool
arrangement is to be installed, ASNE must receive notification 24 hours in
advance. Any additional microphones that are set up will be removed by hotel
security personnel.
Only ASNE members may ask questions during the question-and-answer sessions.
Press photographers and camera crews will be permitted in front of the head
table to take pictures for three minutes after each speaker begins his or her
remarks. After that, the photographers must return to the rear of the hall.
The three-minute limit will be strictly observed and will be enforced if
necessary by floor managers. Photographers are asked to comply on a voluntary
basis to avoid the embarrassment of being escorted to the rear of the hall.
Arrangements for the Wednesday and Friday general sessions in the Capitol
Ballroom
1. Reporters may sit where they wish in the hall.
2. Television platforms and a mult box are available at the rear of the room.
Arrangements for the Wednesday-Friday luncheons in the Grand Ballroom
1. The working press is welcome to cover the speeches.
2. Those who wish to eat may purchase tickets at the ASNE registration desk.
Journalists must have press badges in order to buy luncheon tickets and no
free tickets are issued to the meal functions. Luncheon tickets are $55.
Waiters will not serve anyone without a ticket.
3. Television platforms will be erected at the rear of the room and the use of
the mult box is required. Chairs will be available for members of the press
around the periphery of the room.
Arrangements for sessions at Howard University and Georgetown University
1. Journalists must first obtain press badges from ASNE at the Marriott if
they wish to cover any of the panels at the universities.
2. The rules for photographers listed above apply at the universities.
3. Mult boxes will be available at the rear of the rooms.
4. A television platform is available in Blackburn Center at Howard but not at
Howard's Rankin Chapel or at Georgetown. If broadcasters need such facilities,
they must contact Alan Hermesch of the Department of University Communications
at Howard (202-806-0970) and Gary Krull, vice president for public relations
at Georgetown (202-687-4327) at least 24 hours in advance of the session.
ACTS Inc. will make audiotapes of all convention sessions, lunches and
workshops. Tapes, at $10 each, will be available at the Marriott.
A detailed schedule follows.
3
TEL:
Apr 01,92
12:06 No. 007 P.05
Tuesday, April 7
5:45 p.m. - Buses begin shuttle service from
Pennsylvania Ave. entrance of the Marriott
6 - 8 p.m. - Opening reception - National Gallery of
Art West Building
Wednesday, April 8
7:30 - 8:45 a.m. New members breakfast
President Bush
President Chamorro
7:45 WP 8:45 a.m. Workshops
12:30-1 p.m. Cash Bar
"Provoking Change" (Arranged by Small Newspapers
Committee) - Hunter T. George, director of editorial
1 p.m. Luncheon - "A Conversation with Kay
development, Thomson Newspapers; C.W. Baker, vice
Graham and Ben Bradlee"
president/news, Knight-Ridder, Miami; Judith Brown,
editor and publisher, New Britain (Conn.) Herald: Susan
3:00 - 5:00 p.m. General Session - Rethinking the
Deans, editor, Myrtle Beach (S.C.) Sun News; Timothy
Future of Newspapers
Gallagher, editor, Albuquerque (N.M.) Tribune
Remarks by Cathleen Black, ANPA President
"Covering the '92 Election: We Can Do It Better" -
and CEO
Bill Kovach, curator, Nieman Foundation: Phil Gailey,
editor of editorial page, St. Petersburg (Fla.) Times:
"Negotiating Change" - Max H. Bazerman, professor
Deborah Howell, Washington bureau chief, Newhouse
at Northwestern's Newspaper Management Center and
News Service; John Mashek, Washington correspondent,
Kellogg Graduate School of Management and author of
Boston Globe: Juan Williams, columnist, Washington
Negotiating Rationally
Post
"Where Do We Go From Here?" - John C. Quinn,
9 a.m. . 12:30 p.m. General Session - Rethinking the
long-time Gannett editor and former ASNE president
Future of Newspapers
Evening free
Dramatic narration on freedom. Rev. Wintley Phipps,
pastor, Capitol Hill Seventh Day Adventist Church
"The Future for Newspapers," remarks by David
Lawrence Jr., Miami Herald, ASNE President
Thursday, April 9
"Face to Face: Race and Gender Communication in
7:30-8:30 a.m. Retired Members Committee breakfast
the Newsroom" - Rafael Gonzalez, lecturer at
Northwestern's Newspaper Management Center and
7:45 a.m. - Buses depart for Howard and Georgetown
workshop leader on diversity; Tom Kochman, University
of Illinois communication scholar and author of Black &
-- HOWARD UNIVERSITY PROGRAM or
White: Styles in Conflict: Deborah Tannen, Georgetown
University Professor of Linguistics, and author of You
8:30 a.m. Continental breakfast
Just Don't Understand: Men and Women in Conversation
9 - 10:25 a.m. - Howard University Choir, Remarks by
"Building Community Connections" - Clarence Page,
President Franklyn G. Jenifer
columnist, Chicago Tribune; Albert Johnson, executive
editor, Columbus (Ga.) Ledger-Enquirer; David Mathews,
"Health Issues in the African American Community"
president, Kettering Foundation; Burl Osborne, editor and
- Dr. Charles L. Curry, professor of medicine,
publisher, Dallas Morning News: Neal Peirce,
Howard; Dr. Alfred L. Goldson, professor and
author/editor, The Peirce Report, Washington, D.C.;
chairman, Department of Radiotherapy, Howard; Dr.
Sandra Mims Rowe, executive editor, Norfolk Virginian-
Margaret Kadree, professor, infectious diseases,
Pilot and Ledger-Star: Howard Schneider, managing
Howard; Dr. LaSalle D. Leffall Jr., professor and
editor/news. Newsday, Long Island, N.Y.
chairman, Department of Surgery, Howard; Dr. Louis
Sullivan, Secretary of Health and Human Services
TEL:
Apr
01,92 12:06 No. 007 P.06
10:40-11:50 a.m.
"Muzzling Free Speech: Race, Hate and Sexual
Innuendo" Linda Grist Cunningham, Rockford (III.)
"The Future of America's Cities" Mayor David
Rogister Star; Jim Amoss, editor, New Orlcans Times-
Dinkins, New York; Mayor Raymond L. Flynn, Boston,
Picayune: Geneva Overholser, editor, Des Moines
president of U.S. Conference of Mayors; Mayor Sharon
(Iowa) Register; William Woo, editor, St. Louis Post-
Pratt Kelly, Washington; Ronald Walters, professor of
Dispatch
political science, Howard; Robert L. Woodson, president,
National Center for Neighborhood Enterprises
9 a.m. - Noon - General Session
-- GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY PROGRAM
"The Presidential Contenders" - Bill Clinton,
governor of Arkansas; Jerry Brown, former
8:30 a.m. - Continental breakfast
governor of California
9 - 9:50 a.m. -- Performance by "The Chimes" and
"Exploration" Mike Anderson, executive director,
"The Grace Notes"; Remarks by the Rev. Leo J.
National Congross of American Indians; Bruce Murray,
O'Donovan, S.J., president of Georgetown University
professor of planetary sciences, California Institute of
Technology, former director of NASA Jet Propulsion
10 10:50 a.m. Concurrent classes
Laboratory; Herman Viola, director, Quincentennial
program, Smithsonian Institution, Washington
"A Long-View Look at the Supreme Court" - Judith
C. Areen, dean, Law Center, Georgetown; Talbot
"How Business Views the Press" - Herbert M. and
D'Alemberte, president, American Bar Association;
Marion O. Sandler, co-chief executives, Golden West
Thomas Krattenmaker, prof., Georgetown Law Center;
Financial Corporation. Oakland, Calif.; Stephen M.
Abner J. Mikva, chief, U.S. Court of Appeals, District
Wolf, chairman, president and CEO, United Airlines
of Columbia; Kenneth W. Starr, U.S. Solicitor General
"Intimidation of Journalists Abroad" Isaac Bantu,
"The Changing World Order" Rev. J. Bryan Hehir,
Liberian journalist and Nicman Fellow; Francisco
Kennedy Professor of Christian Ethics, Georgetown;
Santos Calderon, El Tiempo, Bogota, Colombia; Luis
Ambassador Donald McHenry, Distinguished Research
G. Cano, El Espectador, Bogota, Colombia
Professor of Diplomacy, Georgetown, and former U.S.
Ambassador to the United Nations; Theodore Moran,
12:30-1 p.m. Cash bar
Landegger Professor and director, Landegger International
Business Diplomacy Program, Georgetown
1 p.m. Luncheon — President Violeta Barrios de
Chamorro of Nicaragua
11 - 11:50 a.m. - Concurrent classes
3 - 5:15 p.m. - General Session
"Multiculturalism" - The Rev. Robert B. Lawton, S.J.,
Dean, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgetown: Joseph
"Sexual Harassment" Beverly Duck, president, and
F. O'Connor, associate professor and chairman,
Evander Duck, vice president, Human X Factors, Inc.,
Department of Classics, Georgetown; Frank M. Snowden
St. Petersburg, Fla.
Jr., adjunct professor of classics, Georgetown
"America in the World Economy" - Ambassador
"Rationing Health Care" Dr. John M. Eisenberg,
Andreas van Agt, head of delegation of the
chairman, Department of Medicine, Georgetown: Judith
Commission of the European Communities to the
Feder, co-director, Center for Health Policy Studies,
United States; Michael Farren, Undersecretary of
Georgetown; Dr. Seymour Perry, chairman, Department
Commerce for International Trade Administration;
of Community and Family Medicine, Georgetown
Japanese Ambassador Takakuzu Kuriyama
Noon Buses return to Marriott
"The Olympics" — Donna de Varona, Olympic gold
medalist and ABC commentator; Bruce Jenner, Olympic
12:30 - 1 p.m. Cash bar
gold medalist and NBC commentator; Sugar Ray
Lconard, boxer, Olympic gold medalist; Cathy Turner,
1 p.m. Luncheon - President George Bush
Olympic gold and silver medalist
3 - - 5 p.m. ASNE Committee Meetings
5:45 p.m. Buses begin shuttle service from
Pennsylvania Ave. entrance of the Marriott
5:00 - 6:00 p.m. ASNE women members reception
6 8 p.m. Reception - Organization of American States
Friday, April 10
Saturday, April 11
7:45 8:45 a.m. Workshops
9 a.m. Departure for optional tour of the Virginia Wine
"Excellent Writing in Newspapers" Karen Brown,
Country
associate, The Poynter Institute; ASNE Writing Awards
Winners
TEL:
Apr 01,92
12:06 No. 007 P.07
DAVID LAWRENCE JR.
AMERICAN
MIAMI HERALD
ASNE
President
SOCIETY OF
SEYMOUR TOPPING
NEWSPAPER EDITORS
NEW YORK TIMES CO.
Vice President
WILLIAM A. HILLIARD
Headquarters:
PORTLAND OREGONIAN
Mailing Address: P.O. Box 17004, Washington, DC 20041
Secretary
Street Address: 11600 Sunrise Valley Dr., Reston, VA 22091
GREGORY FAVRE
Tel. (703) 648-1144
Fax (703) 620-4557
SACRAMENTO BEE
AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEWSPAPER EDITORS
Treasurer
1922 1992
1991-92
70
The American Society of Newspaper Editors is an organization of 1,000 editors of daily
newspapers in the United States and Canada. Directing editors having immediate charge of
editorial or news policies of daily newspapers and four wire services are eligible to join. ASNE
was founded in 1922. Its principal purpose has always been to serve as a medium for exchange
of ideas and the professional growth and development of its members.
Governance
ASNE is governed by a 20-member board of directors, who are elected by members for three-
year terms. The directors, in turn, annually elect the Society's four officers.
1991-92 Committees
ASNE is a volunteer-run organization, and most of the work of the Society is accomplished by
the standing committees. A brief description of the 16 current committees, including their
projects, follows.
The Bulletin. Published nine times
education, with considerable exposure to the
yearly, The Bulletin is the nation's oldest
liberal arts and sciences. The committee
journalism review. It is sent free to ASNE
encourages newspapers to support J-schools
members and is available to non-members
financially, and it recommends that schools
by subscription ($20 1-yr.; $35 2-yr.; $45 3-
include news professionals among their full-
yr.; $25 per year foreign). The Bulletin
time, tenured faculty. ASNE distributes
Editorial Board is headed by Craig
information to help journalism schools set
Klugman, Fort Wayne (Ind.) Journal-
up visits by newsroom professionals.
Gazette. ASNE also produces a monthly
Previous projects included a major study of
newsletter, The Editors' Exchange, through
editors' views on journalism education and a
which editors share ideas about improving
guide for students on preparing for a career
newspapers. (Subscription is $24 for three
in newspapers. Robert G. McGruder,
years, $60 outside the U.S. and Canada.)
Detroit Free Press, chairs the committee.
Convention Program. Gregory Favre,
Ethics. The Ethics Committee has
Sacramento (Calif.) Bee, chairs the Program
published a number of books and surveys
Committee. Convention attendance is
examining the complex ethical decisions that
limited to ASNE members, their sponsored
journalists encounter in their work. ASNE's
guests and journalism educators. Emphasis
Statement of Principles is frequently
is on public issues and newsroom problems.
consulted in matters of journalism ethics.
The 1992 convention will be April 7-10 in
Currently, the committee is looking into
Washington, D.C.
newsroom policies regarding community
involvement by the news staff; advertorials;
Education for Journalism. This ASNE
and selling of news space for weddings,
group works closely with journalism
anniversaries and obituaries. The Ethics
educators to strengthen journalism schools
Committee chair is Alan M. Horton, Naples
and the accreditation process. The
(Fla.) Daily News.
committee and board of directors have taken
strong positions supporting the established
First Amendment. The committee's
accreditation process for journalism schools,
mandate is to focus the attention of the
which requires students to obtain a broad
general public, through newspapers and all
THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS CONSISTS OF THE OFFICERS AND THE FOLLOWING:
LARRY ALLISON
JAY AMBROSE
N. CHRISTIAN ANDERSON LINDA GRIST CUNNINGHAM JOHN S. DRISCOLL ALBERT E. FITZPATRICK ROBERT H. GILE8
JANE HEALY
Long Beach Press-Telogram
Rocky Mountain News
Orange County Register
Passippany Daily Record
Boston Globe
Knight-Ridder Inc.
Detroit News
Orlando Sentinel
ACEL MOORE
IRENE c. NOLAN
BURL OSBORNE
JEAN OTTO
GENEVA OVERHOLSER
EDWARD BEATON
MARTIN
RANKU News
Des Moines Register
Menhattan Mercury
TEL:
Apr 01,92 12:08 No. 007 P.08
of the media, on the free expression values
newsroom. The committee also examined
embodied in the First Amendment during
how newspapers cover disability issues and
the year of the bicentennial of the adoption
how they employ people with disabilities in
of the Bill of Rights. A national poll of
their newsrooms, and published a style book
1,500 citizens was conducted testing
on writing about people with disabilities.
attitudes on free expression rights. John
Current projects include the revision and
Seigenthaler, Nashville Tennessean, is the
updating of a newsroom management
chair.
handbook; distributing information on terms
to use for people with disabilities; and a
Freedom of Information. For many
survey to determine the extent to which
years the Society's Freedom of Information
"sexual orientation" is included in
Committee has actively opposed secrecy in
newspaper non-discrimination policies.
government and worked to open channels of
Marcia A. McQuern, executive editor,
official information at federal, local and
Riverside (Calif.) Press-Enterprise, chairs
state levels. Members of the Fol Committee
the committee.
frequently testify before Congress. Many of
the activities of the committee are financed
International Communication. ASNE's
by ASNE's First Amendment Fund, to which
International Communication Committee
members and their newspapers make
represents American editors in international
voluntary contributions. Robert H. Giles,
forums and supports world press freedom.
Detroit News, chairs the committee. ASNE
The committee organizes fact-finding trips
legal counsel Richard M. Schmidt Jr. works
abroad for editors, including regular
with the committee and is available to
reciprocal visits with the USSR. A trip to
ASNE members for consultation on libel and
South America in November is being
other press freedom issues. (See the
organized. The ASNE International
concluding section of this summary.)
Journalism Exchange Program brings a
dozen foreign journalists to the United
Future of Newspapers. This committee
States for training each year. The
explores news and editorial issues affecting
committee chair is Robert J. Haiman of The
the continuing health and vigor of a free
Poynter Institute in St. Petersburg, Fla.
and diverse press. A number of important
reports have been published, including
Literacy. ASNE's Literacy Committee
"Keys to our Survival," focusing on
develops projects in which the newsroom
infrequent, at-risk and potential readers,
can address the illiteracy problem. The
using prototypes with five daily newspapers.
committee has sponsored seminars to help
N. Christian Anderson, Orange County
the newsroom do a better job of reporting
Register, Santa Ana, Calif., chairs the
literacy issues. The chair is Charles W.
committee. ASNE's committee is working
Johnson Jr., Nashville Tennessean.
closely with the ANPA Circulation and
Readership Committee to develop a number
Membership. The Membership
of projects, including establishing a
Committee solicits and screens member
clearinghouse for marketing information; a
applications for submission to the board of
future-oriented meeting with CEOs and
directors. To join the Society, editors must
innovative thinkers; a kids voting project;
meet the following criteria prescribed in the
and regional circulation/readership
ASNE bylaws: "Persons of suitable
conferences.
qualifications who are directing editors
having immediate charge of editorial or
History and Newspapers. This
news policies of daily newspapers which, in
committee's goal is to promote the
the opinion of the directors, shall have
preservation of newspaper memorabilia. To
attained adequate journalistic standards are
encourage this, ASNE makes two Isaiah
eligible for membership. Membership shall
Thomas History Preservation Prizes each
also be open to directing editors of AP, UPI,
year. Another current project involves a
Reuters, and Canadian Press." The ASNE
critical history of the Society. Chair of this
bylaws also provide for a retired
committee is Loren Ghiglione, Southbridge
membership category and distinguished ser
(Mass.) News.
vice members. ASNE dues for 1991 are
$425 for members from newspapers that are
Human Resources. This committee
over 25,000 circulation, $270 for editors of
produced a landmark study of the newsroom
10,000-25,000-circulation newspapers, and
work force, "The Changing Face of the
$135 for editors of under 10,000-circulation
Newsroom," and a survey and resulting
papers. Retired member dues are $60.
report on gays and lesbians in the
There is a $300 initiation fee for new
TEL:
Apr 01,92 12:08 No.007 P.09
members from over-25,000-circulation
Press, Bar and Public Affairs. This
newspapers. The Membership Committee is
committee, which works closely with the Fol
headed by William Ketter, Quincy (Mass.)
group, has been effective in opening lines of
communication between the press and the
Patriot Ledger.
legal and judicial communities as well as
Minorities. ASNE has worked hard to
the military. It strives to foster
increase the number of minority journalists
understanding and support of free-press
in newspaper newsrooms. The Society's goal
principles among attorneys and judges, and
is to achieve representation of minorities in
to heighten awareness of editors to concerns
newsrooms equal to that in the general
of the bar and bench. A three-year project
population by the year 2000, or sooner.
in the U.S. Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals,
ASNE monitors the employment of
demonstrated the use of electronic
minorities through an annual survey of all
dissemination of information to help daily
U.S. newspapers. The 1991 survey shows
newspapers do a better job of covering these
that 8.72 percent of full-time professional
important courts. The committee helps
newsroom employees are minorities. The
attune members of the bench to free press
Minorities Committee currently has a wide-
issues through a cooperative program with
ranging program to heighten industry
the National Judicial College in Reno, Nov.
awareness and increase the flow of
and the annual federal judicial conference
minorities into journalism. Eight to twelve
A major meeting dealing with military/press
regional conferences for editors and aspiring
relations hosted by ASNE and RTNDA is
minority journalists are scheduled each
taking place in October at The Freedom
Forum. Chair of the committee is Tim J.
year.
McGuire, Minneapolis Star Tribune.
Currently, more than a half million dollars
is channelled into ASNE's minorities
Writing Awards. ASNE makes five
programs annually. Minorities Committee
awards annually to recognize outstanding
chair is David Hawpe, Louisville (Ky.)
writing in daily newspapers. The 1991
Courier-Journal.
awards will cite high achievement in
commentary, editorial writing, deadline
Nominations. Nominees for the board of
writing, non-deadline writing, and short
directors are selected by the Nominations
news writing. A book showcasing the
Committee, after careful study of members'
entries of the Distinguished Writing Award
qualifications, including service to the
winners is published each year by the
Society. Beverly Kees, Fresno (Calif.) Bee,
Poynter Institute. Writing Awards Board
chair is Ellen Goodman, Boston Globe.
is chair.
ASNE Foundation
The Society created a nonprofit foundation in 1979 to help fund worthy projects generated by
ASNE committees and the ASNE Board. The Foundation's grants are supported by voluntary
gifts from ASNE members, as well as grants from many of the nation's newspaper-related
foundations. William Burleigh, Scripps Howard, is ASNEF president.
Headquarters, staff and legal counsel
ASNE headquarters in Reston, Va., handles the administrative work of the Society and is an
information clearinghouse on a wide variety of questions and problems relating to newspapers.
The staff is headed by Lee Stinnett, executive director. ASNE minority affairs director is
Cornelius F. (Neil) Foote Jr., and Elise S. Burroughs is publications director. Christine Schmitt
and Nancy Andiorio are administrative assistants and Suzanne Jenkins is secretary. Richard M.
Schmidt Jr. of the Washington law firm of Cohn and Marks is ASNE legal counsel. His address
is Suite 600, 1333 New Hampshire Ave. N.W., Washington, DC 20036. Telephone 202-293-
3860, fax 202-293-4827. The ASNE mailing address is P.O. Box 17004, Washington, DC 20041.
Telephone 703-648-1144, fax 703-620-4557.
October 16, 1991
AMERICAN
DAVID LAWRENCE JR.
ASNE
MIAMI HERALD
SOCIETY OF
President
NEWSPAPER EDITORS
SEYMOUR TOPPING
NEW YORK TIMES CO.
Vice President
Headquarters:
WILLIAM A. HILLIARD
PORTLAND OREGONIAN
Mailing Address: P.O. Box 17004, Washington, DC 20041
Secretary
Street Address: 11600 Sunrise Valley Dr., Reston, VA 22091
Tel. (703) 648-1144
Fax (703) 620-4557
GREGORY FAVRE
SACRAMENTO BEE
Treasurer
February 4, 1992
Mr. Tony Benedi
Scheduling Office
The White House
Washington, DC 20500
Dear Mr. Benedi:
We were delighted to learn that President Bush has scheduled a speech before
the ASNE convention, and I understand that Thursday April 9 or Friday April 10
are being considered. Of course, it would be helpful to have that decision as
soon as possible so that we can confirm our other major speaker.
Since I wrote Dorrance Smith in January, there has been a slight shift in our
program schedule. Our luncheons will begin at 1 p.m., rather than at 12:30.
Therefore, the ideal schedule, from our point of view, would be for the
president to begin to speak at 1:45 p.m. Usually, he has spoken for 15-20
QA?
minutes and has taken questions from the editors for another 15-20 minutes.
Due to the recession, we are uncertain about convention attendance this year.
Generally, about 1,000 persons attend our Washington conventions. Our sense
is that decisions will be made late this year, with editors hoping for an
upturn before they commit to attend.
Please let me know if you have any questions or need additional information.
Best regards,
L
Lee Stinnett
Executive Director
Direct phone (703) 648-1145
Favre, Dorrance Smith
Wid,
Please letter send
an for april accept
9R
hunch!
CONSISTS OF THE OFFICERS AND THE FOLLOWING:
LARI
Long Beau
letter to Danie Lawrence
GRIST CUNNINGHAM JOHN S. DRISCOLL ALBERT E. FITZPATRICK ROBERT H. GILES JANE HEALY
sippany Daily Record
Boston Globe
Knight-Ridder Inc.
Detroit News
Orlando Sentinel
WILLIAI
E C. NOLAN
BURL OSBORNE
JEAN OTTO
GENEVA OVERHOLSER
EDWARD SEATON
Quincy
Louisville Couner-Joumal
Dallas Morning News
Rocky Mountain News
Des Moines Register
Manhattan Mercury
PS1303
T9a
WH
the
THE
WIT & WISDOM
OF
MARK TWAIN
edited by Alex Ayres
m
A MERIDIAN BOOK
NEW AMERICAN LIBRARY
NEW YORK
PUBLISHED IN CANADA BY
PENGUIN BOOKS CANADA LIMITED. MARKHAM, ONTARIO
collecting tickets and Twain handed him two. "But where is the
other passenger?" inquired the perplexed conductor.
"Oh, that's my friend's ticket!" Mark Twain replied in a loud
voice. "He is a bit eccentric and likes to ride under the seat!"
I
EDITORS
How often we recall, with regret, that Napoleon once shot at a
magazine editor and missed him and killed a publisher. But we
remember with charity, that his intentions were good.
-Letter to Henry Alden, November
11, 1906
A
I am not the editor of a newspaper, and shall always try to do right
to
and be good, so that God will not make me one.
-Galaxy Magazine, 1870
A
EDUCATION
sis
th
The formal schooling of Samuel Clemens ended at the age of
twelve when he was apprenticed to a printer in Hannibal. The
education of Mark Twain continued, however, in riverboat cabins
and silver mines and lecture halls and publishers' offices, every-
Ev
where he went, for the rest of his life. He said, "I never let my
schooling interfere with my education."
Ed
Soap and education are not as sudden as a massacre, but they are
more deadly in the long run.
-"Facts Concerning the Recent
In
Resignation," sketch, 1867
ma
It is noble to teach oneself, but still nobler to teach others-and
less trouble.
-"Doctor Van Dyke," speech, 1906
I bc
The self-taught man seldom knows anything accurately, and he
fror
does not know a tenth as much as he could have known if he had
worked under teachers, and besides, he brags, and is the means
66
Lincoln, Abraham, Pres. U.S., 1809-1865.
/1
t: THE
LINCOLN
ENCYCLOPEDIA
THE SPOKEN AND WRITTEN WORDS OF
A.Lincoln
ARRANGED FOR READY REFERENCE
COMPILED AND EDITED BY
ARCHER H. SHAW
With an Introduction by David C. Mearns
Assistant Librarian, Library of Congress
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY : NEW YORK
1950
Retaliation
282
The Lincoln Encyclopedia
-Speech, Bloomington, May 29, 1856. Lapsley II,
no motive of revenge, no purpose to punish merely
273.
for punishment's sake. While we must by all avail-
3.-It strikes me there is some difference between
able means prevent the overthrow of the government,
holding a man responsible for an act which he has
we should avoid planting and cultivating too many
not done, and holding him responsible for an act
thorns in the bosom of society.-To Sec. Stanton,
that he has done.-Debate, Quincy, Oct. 13, 1858.
April 18, 1864. Stern, 803.
IV, 285.
2.-I wish you to do nothing merely for revenge, but
4.-I have said nothing but what I am willing to live
that what you may do shall be solely done with ref-
by, and, if it be the pleasure of God, to die by.-
erence to the security of the future.-To Gen. Rose-
Speech, Independence Hall, Feb. 22, 1861. VI, 158.
crans, Nov. 19, 1864. X, 274.
5.-In times like the present, men should utter noth-
Revolution, American policy of nonintervention-
ing for which they would not willingly be respon-
That it is the duty of our government to neither
sible for through time and eternity.Second annual
foment nor assist, such revolutions [as that in Hun-
message, Dec. 1, 1862. VIII, 126.
gary] in other governments. That, as we may not
Retaliation-See also PORT PRIVILEGES, policy of re-
legally or warrantably interfere abroad to aid, so no
taliation.
other government may interfere abroad to suppress
such revolutions; and that we should at once an-
Retaliation, haste in, to be avoided-We do not
nounce to the world our determination to insist upon
know today that a colored soldier, or white officer
this mutuality of non-intervention, as a sacred prin-
commanding colored soldiers, has been massacred [as
ciple of the international law.-Resolutions for Hun-
reported at Fort Pillow]. We fear it-believe it, I may
garian freedom, Jan. 9, 1852. Angle, 81.
say-but we do not know it. To take the life of one
of their prisoners on the assumption that they murder
Revolution, American sympathy for-That the sym-
ours, when it is short of certainty that they do
pathies of this country, and the benefits of its posi-
murder ours, might be too serious, too cruel a mis-
tion, should be exerted in favor of the people of
take.-Speech, Baltimore, April 18, 1864. X, 79.
every nation struggling to be free; and whilst we
meet to do honor to Kossuth and Hungary, we
Retaliation, to protect negro troops-See NEGRO
should not fail to pour out the tribute of our praise
TROOPS, protection of, 2.
and approbation to the patriotic efforts of the Irish,
Retreat, "last shriek on"-His [Seward's] idea was
the Germans and the French, who have unsuccess-
that it [preliminary Emancipation Proclamation]
fully fought to establish in their several governments
would be considered our last shriek on the retreat.—
the supremacy of the people.-Resolutions for Hun-
To F. B. Carpenter, Feb. 6, 1864. X, 2.
garian freedom, Jan. 9, 1852. Angle, 82.
Revelation, no direct, expected-I hope it will not be
Revolution, constitutional substitute for-The right
irreverent for me to say that if it is probable that God
of peaceable assembly and of petition, and by Article
would reveal His will to others on a point so con-
Fifth of the Constitution, the right of amendment,
nected with my duty [as in the issuance of a possible
is the constitutional substitute for revolution. Here is
Emancipation Proclamation], it might be supposed he
our Magna Carta, not wrested by barons from King
would reveal it directly to me; for, unless I am more
John, but the free gift of states to the nation they
deceived in myself than I often am, it is my earnest
create.-To Alexander H. Stephens, Jan. 19, 1859.
desire to know the will of Providence in this matter.
Tracy, 127.
And if I learn what it is, I will do it. These are not,
Revolution, nature of-It is a quality of revolution
however, the days of miracles, and I suppose it will
not to go by old lines or old laws; but to break up
be granted that I am not to expect a direct revelation.
both, and make new ones.Speech in Congress, Jan.
-Reply to Chicago church committee, Sept. 13, 1862.
12, 1848. I, 339.
VIII, 29.
2.-Be not deceived. Revolutions do not go back-
Revelations, Book of-See YOUNG AMERICA, longs for
ward.-Speech, Bloomington, May 29, 1856. Lapsley
territory.
II, 253.
Revenge, to be avoided-In using the strong hand, as
Revolution, right of-Any people anywhere, being in-
now compelled to do, the government has a difficult
clined and having the power, have the right to rise
duty to perform. At the very best it will by turns do
up and shake off the existing government, and form a
both too little and too much. It can properly have
new one that suits them better. This is a most valu-
212030
with
The Miami Herald
A Knight-Ridder Newspaper
David Lawrence Ir
Publisher and Charman
(305) 376-3525
Fax (305) 376-895
4-6-90 mtg Marriott
February 2, 1991
4-12-89 mg
The Hon. George H. Bush
President
The White House
Washington, DC 20500
Dear Mr. President:
Please forgive the timing of this letter, but I agree with your
assessment that life must go on as normal as possible during this
period of war in the Persian Gulf, that we cannot become
paralyzed as a nation.
And with that in mind, I wanted to extend an invitation to you to
speak to the 1992 convention of the American Society of Newspaper
Editors in Washington on Friday, April 10. But we want to make
one change in the arrangement we have had in recent years. Our
fondest hope for 1992 would be that we could return to the
tradition of joining you and the First Lady at the White House
and have you speak to us at our closing reception in your home.
Many of our members and spouses have never had the opportunity to
visit the White House and, without fear of contradiction, I can
say this certainly would be the highlight of our convention.
Our program chair, Executive Editor Gregory Favre of the
Sacramento Bee, wrote to Marlin Fitzwater several weeks back and
Marlin endorsed the idea with enthusiasm and sent the letter on
to your scheduling office. of course, ASNE would pay for the
cost of the reception.
On behalf of the Society, I look forward to hearing from you and
hope that your response will be a positive one.
Meantime, your son Jeb and I and a lot of other people are
holding down the fort in Miami. Please come and visit
In behalf of all Americans, you have our salute and our prayers.
Sincerely,
and
Dave Lawrence
CC: Gregory Favre
ASNE Executive Director Lee Stinnett
2020
One Herald Plaza. Miami, Florida 33132-1693 (305) 350-2111
********
a
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art from the Orient.
residential Suites. Completing our facilities with the ultimate in elegance.
ational Cafe. Upscale family dining and serve-yourself buffets.
Executive-tailored rooms many overlooking Pennsylvania Avenue.
FACILITIES AND
CATERING THAT EXCEED
YOUR EXPECTATIONS.
One of the newest convention hotels
in Washington, with the most compre-
hensive and elegant facilities in the
area, the JW Marriott is uniquely
equipped to handle all your meeting
needs. We have more than 30,000
square feet of flexible meeting space.
Our Grand Ballroom accommo-
dates 2,000 for receptions, 1,200 for
banquets, and 1,600 theater style.
It can be transformed into four com-
pletely private, soundproof rooms.
Our Capitol Ballroom accommodates
groups from up to 550 schoolroom
style to 900 theater style and is
divisible into eight individual rooms.
Behind the solid mahogany doors
on our second atrium level are ten
private and handsome conference
rooms with mahogany paneling,
comfortable chairs, and individual
controls for sound, light and comfort.
These 700-square-foot rooms,
including one that is tiered, are
ideal for executive conferences,
banquets for up to 50, or receptions
Ten handsomely appointed executive meeting rooms.
for as many as 60.
Our catering abilities are just
as impressive as our facilities. A
culinary staff to custom design
meals and banquets create theme
parties from casual Western to exotic
Mediterranean. A banquet staff with
expertise in both Russian and French
service. And the linens, silver, and
china to make every occasion a
celebration.
The Capitol Ballroom
exceeding expectations for successful meetings.
Our Grand Ballroom where the watchwords are elegance, excellence, and excitement.
DE
July
WASHINGTON IS
GOVERNMENT AND
HISTORY THEATERS,
SHOPS AND MUSEUMS.
When the meetings are over, the JW
Marriott Hotel promises easy access
to all there is to see and do in the
Nation's capital.
Follow the Colonnade from our
lobby to The Shops at National Place.
There you'll discover three levels of
110 shops and more than 18 restau-
A year-round pool connected to a fully equipped health club.
rants and cafes one-of-a-kind
fashions, unique gifts, pottery and
china, and foods to satisfy every
craving, every taste.
//maya //
Step outside to Washington's
theaters the National Theater right
next door. Warner's across the
street
Ford's Theater just two
blocks away. and the Kennedy
Center for the Performing Arts, a
five-minute taxi ride each with top
performances and rave reviews.
Walk to The White House, the
National theater, the
The Shops at National Place.
Capitol, the Smithsonian Museums
nation's oldest.
the Renwick, Hirschhorn and
National Galleries
the FBI
the
Pavilion Shops and Restaurants. Ask
our bell staff to direct you to Arlington
National Cemetery or Georgetown,
I
with its quaint buildings, a celebrated
CHOPO
000
university, renowned boutiques and
restaurants, and the prestigious
Georgetown Park Shopping Mall.
And if you want to keep fit, follow
the jogging paths along the Potomac
Tour the many Smithsonian Museums.
River or work out in our health
club
or swim laps in our pool.
Our Nation's Capitol.
MEETING FACILITY FLOOR PLANS
Rest-
Rest-
room
room
State
Treasury
Commerce
Phones
X
X
Escalator
Elevators
Ramp
Elevators
Registration
Escalator
Longworth
Dirksen
Justice
Rayburn
Cannon
Hart
Russell
Grand Ballroom
Capitol Ballroom
A
K
Salon I
B
E
F
J
C
H
Salon II
D
G
X
X
Escalator
Elevators
Elevators
Salon III
X
X
Escalator
Registration
Phones
Phones
Registration
Coats
Coats
Restroom
Restroom
Salon IV
WASHINGTON, D.C. MAP
8
7
9
6
10
3
11
5
12
1
4
13
14
2
Rendering by S. Finkenberg, New York.
1. JW Marriott Hotel
8. United States Capitol
2. The White House
9. Air and Space Museum
3. Convention Center
10. Hirshhorn Museum
4. Museum of American History
11. Smithsonian "Castle"
5. Natural History Museum
12. Freer Gallery
6. National Gallery of Art
13. Department of Agriculture
7. National Gallery of Art East Wing
14. Washington Monument
MEETING FACILITY CAPACITY CHARTS
Capacity
Dimensions
Square
Hollow
(Width Length
X Height)
Footage
Theatre
Schoolroom
Conference
Shape
Reception
Banquet
Grand Ballroom
180': 76'x 14'1"
13,680
1,600
950
-
-
2,200
1,300
Salon I
45'x 76'x 14'1"
3,420
400
250
-
-
500
300
II
45'x 76'x 14'1"
3,420
400
250
-
-
500
300
III
45'x 76'x 14'1"
3,420
400
250
-
-
500
300
IV
45'x 76'x 14'1"
3,420
400
250
-
—
500
300
Capitol Ballroom
128'> 70'x 12'1"
7,680
900
550
-
-
800
600
Salon A
20'x 32'x 12'1"
640
60
40
22
15
50
50
B
20' 32'x 12'1"
640
60
40
22
15
50
50
C
20'x 32'x 12'1"
640
60
40
22
15
50
50
D: A, B,C (comb.)
60'> 32'x 12'1"
1,920
250
130
-
-
150
150
E
60'> 32'x 12'7"
1,920
250
130
-
-
150
150
F
60' 32') 12'7"
1,920
250
130
-
-
150
150
G: H, J, K (comb.)
60'> 32'x 12'1"
1,920
250
130
-
-
150
150
H
20'x 32'x 12'1"
640
60
40
22
15
50
50
J
20'x 32'> 12'1"
640
60
40
22
15
50
50
K
20'x 32'x 12'1"
640
60
40
22
15
50
50
Russell
22'x 32'x 10'5"
700
65
45
22
28
60
50
Hart
22'x 32'x 10'5"
700
65
45
22
28
60
50
Cannon
22'x 32'x 10'5"
700
65
45
22
28
60
50
Rayburn
22'x 32'x 7'10"
700
65
45
22
28
60
50
Justice
22'x 32'x 8'0"
700
65
45
-
-
60
-
Dirksen
22'x 32'x 7'11"
700
65
45
22
28
60
50
Longworth
22'x 32'x 7'11"
700
65
45
22
28
60
50
State
22'x 32'x 10'5"
700
65
45
22
28
60
50
Treasury
22'x 32'x 10'5"
700
65
45
22
28
60
50
Commerce
22'x 32'x 10'5"
700
65
45
22
28
60
50
/WM
JW MARRIOTT HOTEL
1331 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20004
(202) 393-2000
Restaurants & Lounges:
For complete information call us
MT.
VERNON
Celadon, specialty restaurant featuring
direct at (202) 393-2000. For individual
K ST.
SQ,
French and Oriental cuisine (seats 70)
reservations, call toll-free in the
AVE.
S.R.O., New York style deli (standing
United States and Canada: 800-228-
N
YORK
CONVENTION
room only)
9290; for group reservations; 800-831-
NEW
CENTER
Garden Terrace, bi-level elegant
4004, or contact the nearest Marriott
lounge with nightly entertainment
Sales Office. (Travel agents only call:
15TH ST.
G ST.
(seats 210)
800-831-1000.)
F ST.
National Cafe, Upscale family dining
MARRIOTT SALES OFFICES
E ST.
featuring seafood and pasta (seats 160)
Chicago 708-318-0500, Telex 286998,
JW MARRIOTT
HOTEL
Recreation & Leisure:
Fax 708-318-0523
ST PENNSYL VANIA AVE.
7TH
Indoor Pool, Health Club, Game Room,
Los Angeles 213-641-8702,
14TH ST.
13TH ST.
160 Shop Indoor Mall, The White
TWX 910-328-6529, Fax 213-641-8639
12TH
House, The Capitol Building, The
New York, NY 212-603-8200,
M
Washington Metro Subway System
Naitonal Gallery, Smithsonian Institu-
Telex 82908/09, Fax 212-603-8397
Directions:
tion, Jefferson Memorial, Ford's Thea-
Norwalk, CT 203-854-4400,
Part of the National Place office, hotel
tre, RFK Stadium, Kennedy Center
Fax 203-855-8446
and retail complex, the hotel is located
for the Performing Arts, Air and
Washington, D.C. 703-442-0440,
across Pennsylvania Avenue from
Space Museum
Telex 824421, Fax 703-356-6519
the District Building, adjacent to the
Frankfurt 69-25-30-41,
historic National Theatre and two
General Information:
Telex 0416029 MARSL D
blocks from The White House. The
Credit Cards accepted: American
London 071-434-2299, Telex 266190
hotel is four blocks from the Washington
Express, VISA, MasterCard, Diner's
MARIOT G, Fax 071-734-5622
Convention Center.
Club and Carte Blanche
Mexico City 905-533-4060,
Accommodations:
Underground parking and commer-
Telex 1771195, Fax 905-511-1581
Number of Rooms: 773
cial airport limousine service
Tokyo 03-215-7285, Telex 23376,
Fax 03-215-7290
Number of Suites/Parlors: 33/18
Special Plans: Escape, Honeymoon
Miami-Latin American Sales
Concierge Level
Plan, Military and Government Plan
305-649- 5000 x6042, Telex 201221,
Fax 305-649-2932