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Florida International University Commencement 4/27/92 [OA 7572] [2]
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323154028
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Florida International University Commencement 4/27/92 [OA 7572] [2]
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Records of the White House Office of Speechwriting (George H. W. Bush Administration)
Speech Backup Chronological Files
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Originally Processed With FOIA(s):
FOIA Number:
S
S
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
Library Staff.
Record Group/Collection:
George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
Collection/Office of Origin:
Speechwriting, White House Office of
Series:
Speech File Backup Files
Subseries:
Chron File, 1989-1993
OA/ID Number:
13810
Folder ID Number:
13810-002
Folder Title:
Florida International University Commencement 4/27/92 [OA 7572] [2]
Stack:
Row:
Section:
Shelf:
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26
22
4
7
UNIV REL/DEV
TEL No 305-348-3337
Apr 21,92 17:26 No.029 P.02
Profile on FIU's Youngest Graduate
Name: Jose Elias Marrero
Age: 19
Birthplace: Miami, USA
Ethnicity: Colombian-American (lived in Colombia for 6 years)
Degree: Bachelor of Arts in International Relations
Major: International Relations
GPA: 3.4
Background:
Marrero graduated from high school at age 16 (he skipped several
grades after returning from Colombia to live in Miami). He is
very bright and he is both a Faculty Scholar and a Florida
Undergraduate Scholar.
He is the first member of his family to graduate from college.
He is a member of the Sigma Alpha Mu fraternity, a member of the
FIU Greek Council and President of the FIU Interfraternity
Council.
He helped pay his way through college by working part-time while
going to school (selling shoes and at the FIU library).
Future plans: To get a master's degree in International Studies
at FIU.
Home phone number: (305) 386-2955
UNIV REL/DEV
TEL No 305-348-3337
Apr 21,92 16:53 No .028 P.02
FIU Student Profile
Name: Jorge Castro
Age: 23
Birthplace: Miami, U.S.A
Ethnicity: Cuban-American
Degree: Bachelor of Arts in Psychology
Major: Psychology
GPA: 3.73 (Dean's list)
Background:
Castro was born in Miami but raised in Mexico (from age 4 to 17).
His parents are working class people who do not have a lot of
money. In fact, Castro has had to work full-time (50-60 hours a
week) as a bank teller and other jobs to help for his college
education in the United States.
He received a partial scholarship offer from the University of
Miami but still didn't have enough money to go there. Instead,
he enrolled in Miami-Dade Community College for his first two
years of college thinking that he would transfer in his junior
year to U.M.
After learning about Florida International University from
teachers and fellow students at MDCC, he decided not to go to
U.M. but to transfer to FIU.
Castro says he is very satisfied with the quality of education
that he has received at FIU. Recently he was accepted to
Harvard's Graduate School of Education. He will work on his
Master's in Education in children & Adolescents at Risk and wants
to specialize in developing retention programs for Hispanic
students.
In addition to going to school and working, Castro devotes a
great deal of his spare time as a community volunteer. (see
attached resume for additional information):
Work phone #: (305) 348-2189
Home phone #: (305) 270-9602
UNIV REL/DEV
TEL No 305-348-3337
Apr 21,92 16:14 No. 024 P.02
JORGE LUIS CASTRO
8225-D Southwest 107 Avenue
Miami, FL 33173
(305) 270-9602
EDUCATION
FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, FL
Bachelor of Arts, Psychology, April 1992, GPA 3.73
MIAMI DADE COMMUNITY COLLEGE Miami, FL
Associate of Arts, Psychology, December 1989, GPA 3.21
HONORS
Outstanding Young Men of America, 1992; Omicron Delta Kappa, National
Leadership Honor Society, 1991-92; Psi Chi, National Honor Society in
Psychology, 1990-92; Miami Dade Community College Honors Scholarship,
1987; Dean's List.
ACTIVITIES
Vice President for Psi Chi, National Honor Society in Pychology, 1991/92; Vice
President for The Student Council for Exceptional Children, 1991/92; Founding
Vice President of the Florida International University Psychology Club,
1991/1992; Intervarsity Christian Fellowship, Florida International University
Chapter, 1991/1992; Psychology Department Peer Advisor 1992.
RELEVANT
FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, FL
EXPERIENCE
Student Union Coordinator
01/90 - Present
In charge of coordinating events, managing the University's Game Room,
and assisting the Student Union Director with special projects.
Student Assistant
Assisted the Vice President for Student Affairs.
Computer Lab Assistant
Assisted students with WordPerfect, Lotus 1-2-3, and D-Basc.
Research Assistant
Helped in the development of a customer service questionnaire used for job
screening.
Student Counselor
Assisted students with career planning and placement information.
01/91 - 02/92
RUTH OWENS KRUSE MIDDLE SCHOOL Miami, FL
Research Assistant
Helped in the development of a pro-social skills program for emotionally
disturbed children.
Substitute Teacher
Provided instruction and counseling for emotionally disturbed children.
06/91 - 08/91
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Riverside, CA
Research Assistant
Subject of study: Combination-grade teaching. Developed a teachers' beliefs
questionnaire and reviewed all existent literature related to this subject.
PRE-ADVANCE/NALK-THRU QUESTIONNAIRE
EVENT: Florida International University
DATE:
April 27
TIME:
On stage at 2:00
Speaking time roughly 2:10
LOCATION: (GIVE DETAILS) Miami Beach Convention Center
EXPECTED AUDIENCE:
(NUMBER AND COMPOSITION)
8700 people - graduates, families
PRESS COVERAGE:
Open
DIAS PARTICIPANTS:
President Mitch Maidique
EXPECTED PARTICIPATION BY MEMBERS OF
CABINET/CONGRESSIONAL/ADMINISTRATION:
POTUS INTRODUCTION:
President Mitch Maidique
PERTINENT SPEECH TOPICS: TRade
REASON FOR EVENT:
Jope Education Job opportunities for grads
PLEASE ATTACH PRE-ADVANCE/WALK-THRU CALL SHEET
MIAMI, FL
City/State:
Florida Intl. Univ.
Event:
Commencement
Date: 4/27/92 - Event Date
4/21/92 - Pre-Advance
OFFICE OF PRESIDENTIAL ADVANCE
CONTACT SHEET
Name
Office
Phone Number
Presidential Advance Office
202/456-7565
Presidential Advance Fax Number
202/456-2820
JOHN HERRICK
Office of Presidential Advance
202/456-7565
Peggy Hazelrigg
Office of Presidential Advance
202/456-7565
Schmint SMG, Meta Convention Center
(305)693-7320
mike Margan V.P, FIU
(305)348-2498
Steve SAULS office of the Pres, 7I4
305 348-2111
LANE COLEMAN UNIV. Rel. FIU
305-348-2514
Michele Nix
FIU/AVP, H.Spechwriting Univ.
202/456-7750
Connie Crowther
305/348/2232
CAPT. Mike WRIGHT FIU Lead CAMPUS. POLICE
305-348-2623
DORAL
ED COWLING
OFFICE OF PRESIDENTIAL Adv.
RM 1601
RUDY PENA
U.S.S.S.
DORAL Ru 1401
Eric Little,ohn
470-1497
USSS
880-3564 Beeper
BoB BRIDENJAUCH
USSS
470 1496
DICK RATHMELL
usss - WASH DC 202-395-4112
Doug Furness
3055323600
BOB STEELE
w H COMMUNICATIONS
202 757 2440
STEVEN SMITH
W.H. COMMUNICATIONS
305-532-3600 X1017
Kelley Gannon
W.H. Press Lead
305-532-3600
Russ CANCELLA
Military Aide
202 395-1747
ANDY FOSTER
W.H. POLITICAL AFFAIRS
202 456 6510
WALTER VARDA
MEDIA. ENG. FIO
263-93-2236 21390-2221 305-348-2810
RICHARD D'SOUZA
JNST MED2A SERVICES-FIU
305-348-2812
BLANCA Riley
Instructional Menia-FIu (305)348-2821
DAN KAlMANSON
MediA Relations- Fiv (305) 348-2716
RANOY SHELTON
MiAMi BEACH FIRE DEPT.
305 535 0242
CHUCK NEOROW DIRECTON of OPERATIONS MBCC 535-0250
Victoria Hernandez FIU, AFFAIRS DIRECTOR ALOMER 348-3595 C
UNIV REL/DEV
TEL No.305-348-3337
Apr 22,92 11:16 No.006 P.05
Fiu Student Profile
MIREYRA VIDALES, age 23, Homestead, Florida. Mireyra Vidales is a
Criminal Justice major in the School of Public Affairs and Services. She
is one of nine children of parents who came to South Florida as migrant
workers. Of the nine children, three have already earned college degrees,
Mireyra is the fourth one. One of her sisters is now in graduate school,
another sibling is in college and one in high school. Her father, who
worked for Dade County's migrant education program after working for
several years in the fields, died about two years ago.
The Vidales family was one of 10 finalists for the 1991 Florida Hispanic
American family of the year (Miami Herald story attached)
Home telephone: (305) 248-5993
THE BUDGET
U.S.News
Why
they
can't
get it
SPECIAL
SEAL
OCTOBER 15, 1990
$1.95
right
COLLEGE GUIDE
AMERICA'S
WHITE HOUSE LIBRARY
AND
RESEARCH CENTER
1991 BEST COLLEGES
Exclusive
Teaching
rankings
versus
of 450
research
universities
New
THE
and
priorities.on
colleges
to
campu
42
50620
0
140066
3
REGIONAL UNIVERSITIES
Serving those who seek professional and occupational degrees, these schools
occupy an important middle ground in higher education
S
electing the country's most selec-
than half their bachelor's degrees in two
NORTH
tive institutions is a simple task
or more occupational or professional
compared with sifting through the
It's a rare college that manages to
disciplines, such as engineering and
nation's 561 regional colleges and uni-
shine in both academics and sports, but
business, and many provide both the
versities. Ranging in size from San Die-
kinds of professional programs found at
at top-ranked Villanova University,
go State, with 35,582 students, to Our
stars are found both in the classroom
large state universities and the intimate
Lady of Holy Cross College, in Louisi-
and on the playing field. Renowned for
setting of a liberal-arts college. From
ana, with an enrollment of only 822,
its championship-level basketball teams
among the many choices, here are the
these institutions offer a bewildering ar-
and record-breaking track-and-field
best, by geographical section, of the re-
ray of choices to their 3.4 million stu-
athletes, Villanova, located on the Main
gional colleges and universities as de-
dents. The regional schools award more
Line in suburban Philadelphia, placed
termined in the latest U.S. News survey:
first out of the 170 schools in the North
HOW TO READ THIS TABLE
THE FINAL RANKING: The Top 60 Regional Colleges & Universities
NORTH
Rank Name
Overall
Academic
Student
Faculty
Financial
Student
score
reputation
selectivity
resources
resources
satisfaction
1. Villanova University (PA)
100.0
1
11
7
24
4
-
2. Worcester Polytechnic Institute (MA)
99.9
5
30
1
2
10
3. Alfred University (NY)
97.4
8
28
10
39
4. Rutgers, State U. of New Jersey Camden
93.0
30
20
2
9
111
To determine a school's overall rank,
5. Fairfield University (CT)
91.7
3
5
51
35
12
data for each of the five key attributes
6. Providence College (RI)
91.5
7
22
26
44
3
reputation, selectivity, faculty re
7. Manhattan College (NY)
91.4
17
50
8
15
23
sources, financial resources and student
8. Trenton State College (NJ)
89.9
25
1
37
34
52
satisfaction were converted to percen-
9. SUNY College at Geneseo
88.2
36
2
19
54
54
tiles. This was done by assigning the
10. University of Scranton (PA)
87.1
10
10
68
36
2
highest raw score in any attribute or sub-
11. Ithaca College (NY)
87.0
4
21
76
12
38
attribute a 100 percent value and deter-
12. St. Michael's College (VT)
86.6
26
26
53
16
14
mining all the other percentile scores as a
13. SUNY College at Potsdam
83.6
75
18
9
32
57
percentage of that top score. For the attri-
14. Simmons College (MA)
83.2
22
74
34
7
29
butes of selectivity and faculty resources,
15. Seton Hall University (NJ)
81.8
6
56
55
28
50
the percentiles for the subcomponents
15. LeMoyne College (NY)
81.8
20
41
48
46
18
were added together for a final score. The
schools were then numerically ranked in
SOUTH
order for each of the five attributes and
Rank Name
Overall
Academic
Student
Faculty
Financial
Student
score
reputation
selectivity
resources
resources
weighted: Financial resources counted
satisfaction
1. Wake Forest University (NC)
100.0
1
2
1
1
5
for 20 percent, student satisfaction 5 per-
2. University of Richmond (VA)
96.5
2
8
6
10
7
cent, and the others 25 percent each. The
3. Berea College (KY)
95.3
7
4
11
2
42
weighted numbered ranks for each school
4. Stetson University (FL)
90.6
8
24
15
8
23
were then totaled and compared with the
5. Rollins College (FL)
89.5
15
21
2
30
11
weighted totals for all the others in its
6. Samford University (AL)
87.8
11
18,
18
28
21
category. Because the scores are based
7. University of Alabama in Huntsville
86.2
13
17
12
32
75
upon ranks, the lowest total translates
8. The Citadel (SC)
86.1
5
28
20
34
13
into the highest ranking. Finally, the
9. Mercer University (GA)
84.1
10
63
14
5
15
lowest weighted score was converted into
10. Appalachian State University (NC)
81.7
9
16
25
61
43
a percentile of 100. The totals for all the
11. James Madison University (VA)
81.6
3
5
36
78
9
others were then taken as a percentage of
12. Florida International University
80.8
25
10
3
92
the top score. For a more detailed expla-
3
13. Mary Washington College (VA)
80.2
28
6
24
68
nation of the methodology, categories and
17
14. University of North Carolina at Charlotte
78.4
6
20
23
82
attributes, see page 116.
56
15. Loyola University (LA)
77.1
15
48
33
29
68
128
U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT, OCTOBER 15, 1990
sector in the regional colleges and uni-
a solid grounding in the liberal arts. A
versities category.
and financial resources. Set on a grace-
quarter of Villanova's graduates go on
Founded 148 years ago by the Roman
ful 340-acre campus in Winston-Salem
for advanced schooling.
Catholic order of Augustinians, which
with stately Georgian-style architecture
With so many opportunities for stu-
continues to administer the university
interspersed among magnolias, Wake
dent participation - 70 percent take
and maintains a high profile on campus,
Forest gives its 3,613 undergraduates an
part in intramural sports Villanova's
especially rich mixture of academic of-
Villanova is infused with their tradition
athletic department ranks among the
of social commitment. For 8,200 under-
ferings, updated Southern traditions
best in its category. But while its Big
and religious values.
graduate students (80 percent of whom
East basketball team reached the Na-
are Catholic), Villanova provides a bal-
The university was founded by the
tional Collegiate Athletic Association
fiercely independent North Carolina
anced mix of academic demands, a
tournament eight out of the last 10
Baptists in 1834, and it remained offi-
chance to serve others the campus is
years, more important to the Augustin-
cially affiliated with the church until
among the biggest blood donors in the
ian fathers is that every member of the
Philadelphia area-and many opportu-
1986. While a church spire still towers
Wildcats team during that time earned
nities to excel in sports.
over all other buildings on campus, to-
a bachelor's degree, a 100 percent grad-
It is also rare for a school in this cate-
day only 20 percent of the students are
uation rate virtually unmatched at Vil-
Baptist. Recently, the school has devot-
gory to offer as wide a range of degrees
lanova's intense level of competition.
as Villanova does-33 majors in the
ed considerable effort to increasing its
bachelor's degree, master's degrees in.
proportion of minority students. This
SOUTH
year the number of black students in
more than 30 disciplines and a law de-
For the fourth year in a row, North
the incoming freshman class reached
gree-without sacrificing quality. While
Carolina's Wake Forest University
many professional schools "too often
8.5 percent, a record high.
ranked No. 1 among the 147 schools in
begin to be job-training programs," says
Although the school offers advanced
its category in the U.S. News survey. It
the Rev. William McGuire, dean of en-
degrees in medicine, law, management
finished first in three of the five mea-
rollment management, all of Villanova's
and arts and sciences, its real core is the
sures of academic excellence, including
colleges require that their students gain
liberal-arts college. Undergraduates
academic reputation, faculty resources
choose their majors from among 28
WINNERS:
MIDWEST
Rank Name
Overall
Academic
Student
Faculty
Financial
Student
The four winning schools among the na
score
reputation
selectivity
resources
resources
satisfaction
tion's 561 regional universities include
1. Illinois Wesleyan University
100.0
5
1
40
2
3
Pennsylvania's Villanova (below), North
2. St. Norbert College (WI)
97.5
8
30
9
14
5
3. Michigan Technological University
Carolina's Wake Forest, Illinois Wesleyan
94.5
42
11
1
13
38
University and Texas's Trinity (below).
4. St. Mary's College (IN)
93.1
24
16
35
4
1
5. Valparaiso University (IN)
91.2
JOANNAB USN&WR
4
49
18
16
14
6. Creighton University (NE)
89.5
3
81
7
1
11
7. John Carroll University (OH)
89.2
15
40
8
40
2
7. University of Northern Iowa
89.2
14
17
17
44
61
9. University of Minnesota at Duluth
88.6
43
15
5
25
74
10. Ohio Northern University
83.0
74
25
14
7
19
11. Bradley University (IL)
82.8
2
85
16
23
8
12. Butler University (IN)
81.1
7
34
62
32
10
13. Northeast Missouri State University
80.2
9
2
66
62
40
14. DePaul University (IL)
80.0
1
10
64
67
33
15. Capital University (OH)
79.7
75
14
22
31
4
WEST
Overall
Rank Name
Academic
Student
Faculty
Financial
Student
score
reputation
selectivity
resources
Villanova University
resources
satisfaction
1. Trinity University (TX)
100.0
1
3
1
2
3
STEPHEN PUMPHREY FOR USN&WR
2. Santa Clara University (CA)
95.2
2
8
6
12
2
3. University of Puget Sound (WA)
93.5
7
13
14
6
19
4. University of San Diego (CA)
92.2
9
6
11
11
13
5. Loyola Marymount University (CA)
90.3
6
10
14
17
6
6. Gonzaga University (WA)
86.8
13
24
5
16
19
6. Pacific Lutheran University (WA)
86.8
5
22
22
97
12
8. University of the Pacific (CA)
81.9
7
49
19
1
10
9. Linfield College (OR)
80.0
29
18
21
18
14
10. University of Portland (OR)
78.6
11
25
40
14
16
11. Seattle University (WA)
78.1
15
23
31
23
25
12. California Polytechnic State University (CA)
77.6
4
35
20
32
50
13. Humboldt State University (CA)
76.9
33
15
23
27
23
14. Western Washington University (WA)
76.0
21
19
29
26
54
14. California State University at Fresno
76.0
39
14
15
37
16
Trinity University
U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT, OCTOBER 15, 1990
129
WEST
FOR
USN&WR
STUDENT PROFILE
Texans have a reputation for wanting
to be the best in whatever they do, and
Trinity University in San Antonio is no
Ed Pacchetti: Age 21
exception. During the last decade, the
Senior: Illinois Wesleyan University
121-year-old private school has been re-
Major: Psychology
cruiting top-notch faculty and students
Hometown: Coal City, III.
in pursuit of its goal to become one of
the finest small universities in the na-
Aspiration: plan to go to graduate school
in psychology and hope to work in high-
tion. The result: Trinity is now, for the
er education administration, possibly as
second year in a row, the top-ranked
a college dean of students. I'll probably
college among the 112 Western regional
have to teach before reaching that point.
institutions in the U.S. News survey.
The ranking represents a remarkable
Adjustment: I went to a good high school,
turnaround for a school once consid-
but found Illinois Wesleyan very chal-
ered little more than an educational
lenging. The popular wisdom is that you
country club for the children of rich
should study 2 hours for every hour spent
in the classroom, but I do more. I study
Texans. Ninety-three percent of its fac-
every weeknight and go out only either
ulty, more than half of whom were re-
Friday or Saturday night. When visit
cruited in the 1980s, have their doctor-
friends at other schools I bring along
ates, while incoming freshmen can now
homework and they think I'm crazy.
condoms on campus, but it was voted
boast an average combined SAT score
down in favor of a program to educate
of 1,205, the highest in the region.
Campus issues: Generally, the students
students about birth control and sexually
Trinity owes part of this transforma-
here are pretty conservative; about 80
transmitted diseases.
tion to an abundant endowment, which
percent are from Illinois. The biggest 1S-
has tripled since 1979 from $80 million
sue on campus is the environment, and
Campus life: Student life revolves around
last year some students started a success-
campus activities and fraternity par-
to $266 million. Located at the city's
ful recycling program. There is also a
ties -there a strong Greek influence. As
north side along the San Antonio Riv-
Progressive Student Union, which grew
president of the student body, I am in
er, the campus has seen $50 million
out of a Dukakis-for-President group.
volved in scheduling everything from de
worth of construction during the 1980s,
This group campaigned to distribute free
bates and speakers to concerts.
including two new residence halls, an
expanded student center, 40,000 more
square feet of library space and new
chemistry labs. Its deep pockets have
fields of study, ranging from accounting
Fine Arts that an unusually high pro-
also allowed Trinity to offer two thirds
and physics to theater arts and women's
portion of its 1,750 undergraduate stu-
of its undergraduates financial aid and
studies. Wake Forest students may also
dents choose to concentrate their stud-
to pledge to meet 100 percent of the fi-
take graduate-level courses, but only af-
ies in art, drama or music.
nancial need of every student it ac-
ter first completing a two-year program
By particularly emphasizing its
cepts. The university has actively
of liberal arts designed to give them a
strengths in the arts, the 140-year-old
sought minorities, increasing enroll-
taste of many different disciplines. The
university can afford to be choosier
ment of black, Hispanic and Asian stu-
total student-faculty ratio at the North
than many schools. Among the 132 col-
dents from 11.7 percent in 1986 to 18
Carolina school is an impressive 6 to 1.
leges in its category, Illinois Wesleyan
percent this year.
With an endowment of more than
ranked first in student selectivity in the
Trinity is truly a liberal-arts college,
$285 million, Wake Forest is among the
U.S. News survey. Although it draws al-
with a curriculum built on courses de-
wealthiest schools in the country for its
most 83 percent of its students from its
signed to acquaint students with the
size. Its financial resources have enabled
home state, the university is actively
fundamentals of civilization, ranging
it to build one of the finest laboratories
seeking to recruit more foreign stu-
from the heritage of Western culture to
for laser research in physics anywhere in
dents. In the words of Roger Schnaitter,
the origins of artistic creativity. Fresh-
the Southeast as well as a new 100,000-
associate dean of academic affairs:
men must also take a seminar focusing
square-foot university center, which will
"We're a Midwestern college in down-
on a specific theme, which changes
house student organizations. And the
state Illinois, but it's important to reach
from year to year, as well as a writing
university's wealth enables it to provide
out into the global community to
workshop. Also, they must demonstrate
students and faculty with one of the best
achieve greater diversity on campus."
proficiency in one or more foreign lan-
library. facilities-which houses more
Illinois Wesleyan's relatively large en-
guages, computer and mathematical
than 1.1 million volumes and 14,000 annu-
dowment of $64.3 million gives it a
skills and physical fitness. But even with
al periodicals-available on any campus
head start in attracting students. The
its comparative wealth, Trinity has felt
in its category.
university has a "need blind" admis-
the need to concentrate its resources by
sions policy, accepting every qualified
reducing its graduate offerings from 16
MIDWEST
student, regardless of ability to pay.
master's programs to three while ex-
These days regional colleges and uni-
Four out of 5 students get some form of
panding its offering of undergraduate
versities must carve out a niche to stay
financial aid. In addition, an unlimited
majors. Says President Ronald K. Cal-
afloat, and Illinois Wesleyan University,
number of academic scholarships, rang-
gaard: "We decided that in only a few
top-ranked in its region, has done just
ing from $2,000 to $7,500 per year, are
areas could we offer graduate programs
that by emphasizing programs in nurs-
given to students who rank in the top 10
that equaled the quality of the under-
ing, business and the fine arts, programs
percent of their high-school classes and
graduate offerings."
in which the university awards more
score 26 or higher on their ACT exams.
than half its undergraduate degrees. In-
Artistic-talent scholarships range from
BY SHANNON BROWNLEE
deed, so well-regarded is its College of
$2,000 to a full year's tuition.
AND NANCY LINNON
130
U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT, OCTOBER 15, 1990
U.S.News
SEPTEMBER 30, 1991
$2.50
AMERICA'S
BEST COLLEGES
HOW
THE BEST
TOP EXPERTS
BUYS IN
RATE 455
FOUR-YEAR
SCHOOLS
COLLEGES
39
02239
0
140066
1992
players is below that of the student body
as a whole. But the gap is narrowing. Of
the football players who entered in 1986,
70 percent have received degrees, com-
pared with 84 percent of all students. Of
the basketball players who entered in
1987, three out of four have graduated;
U.S. NEWS TOP REGIONAL UNIVERSITIES
the fourth is still enrolled and on his way
to a degree. While Wake Forest is forth-
TEST SCORES, ACCEPTANCE RATES AND OTHER
coming with such data, many schools
have not been. That is about to change.
VITAL DATA OF THE LEADERS IN THE NORTH AND SOUTH
Prodded by a new federal law, the
NCAA will soon publish graduation
rates at its member schools for both ath-
letes and nonathletes.
Wake Forest's undergraduate enroll-
///
If
1/11
// II
//
/
NORTH
ment of just over 3,500 makes it difficult
1. Worcester Poly. Inst. (Mass.)
100.0
2
9
3
3
9
1205
1120-1290
79%
for a student-athlete to maneuver anon-
ymously through his classes while major-
2. Alfred University (N.Y.)
95.1
10
21
9
2
35
1120
1015-1225
68%
ing primarily in athletic eligibility. "If a
3. Villanova University (Pa.)
94.7
1
20
5
30
5
1106
1007-1205
65%
player cuts class at 10, I'll know about it
4. Fairfield University (Conn.)
94.6
5
7
10
36
4
1127
1036-1217
49%
by noon," says basketball coach Dave
Odom. When a player misses class,
5. Rutgers St. Univ. Camden (N.J.)
91.1
31
15
1
6
108
1050
940-1160
49%
Odom requires a punishment: The en-
6. Providence College (R.I.)
89.9
4
1
31
55
2
1060
1000-1120
62%
tire team and his coaching staff must get
34
1070
980-1160
61%
up at 6 a.m. for running drills. "That
7. Ithaca College (N.Y.)
89.7
8
28
18
26
provides a strong incentive to go to
8. Trenton State College (N.J.)
87.5
10
3
30
53
49
1100
1005-1195
37%
class," observes one school official.
9. St. Michael's College (Vt.)
84.4
10
29
59
17
13
1052
960-1143
54%
Unlike many schools that compete in
big-time sports, Wake Forest is not
10. Hood College (Md.)
83.3
18
68
21
9
36
995
890-1100
83%
plagued by out-of-control boosters and
25
62
23
10
30
1040
950-1130
78%
11. Susquehanna Univ. (Pa.)
82.9
alumni giving players under-the-table
12. Loyola College (Md.)
82.0
8
48
32
45
26
1080
980-1180
72%
benefits. "The alumni are very patient
13. St. Joseph's University (Pa.)
81.8
10
37
33
60
13
1035
930-1140
74%
and respect what we are doing," says
Athletic Director Gene Hooks.
14. Simmons College (Mass.)
81.7
18
95
12
1
27
925
800-1050
79%
In spite of the school's ability to keep
14. Manhattan College (N.Y.)
81.7
18
74
8
34
21
1035
920-1150
80%
sports in perspective, it has done some
SOUTH
dubious things. Wake Forest had its
wrists slapped by the NCAA in 1983 for
1. Wake Forest University (N.C.)
100.0
1
1
1
1
1
1250
1150-1350
37%
minor recruiting violations. And until
2. University of Richmond (Va.)
95.9
2
9
7
9
2
1195
1090-1300
48%
last year it followed a common practice
3. Stetson University (Fla.)
93.5
6
18
3
10
16
1050
940-1160
70%
of housing athletes in separate dorms.
3. Berea College (Ky.)
93.5
3
4
23
3
31
905
750-1060
36%
The college began phasing out the dorms
three years ago-but not without objec-
5. Univ. of Alabama in Huntsville
91.9
8
15
6
4
73
960
790-1130
59%
tions from the football coaches. Howev-
6. Rollins College (Fla.)
90.0
8
21
14
16
7
1075
960-1190
60%
er, says President Thomas K. Hearn Jr.,
7. Samford University (Ala.)
87.9
12
10
16
34
15
1030
N/A
61%
"A statement needed to be made that
separation of these students from the
84.2
19
8
5
60
39
1002
895-1109
56%
8. Florida Intl. University
rest of the student body was adverse."
83.3
6
59
9
21
9
1000
850-1150
79%
9. The Citadel (S.C.)
It is not surprising that the decision
10. Mercer University (Ga.)
83.2
12
71
4
5
9
985
860-1110
93%
on the dorms was Hearn's. The former
11. University of Central Florida
82.3
12
2
27
65
23
1045
930-1160
35%
professor of philosophy, who has head-
ed Wake Forest since 1983, is a leader
12. James Madison Univ. (Va.)
79.1
3
7
19
106
4
1079
967-1191
43%
of the reform movement in college
12. Loyola Univ. New Orleans (La.)
79.1
11
44
38
12
60
1020
900-1140
75%
sports. He served on the Knight Foun-
985
880-1090
54%
dation Commission on Intercollegiate
14. Univ. of N.C. at Asheville
78.4
12
13
17
71
99
Athletics, which issued a report earlier
15. Appalachian State Univ. (N.C.)
77.2
12
23
18
81
36
955
850-1060
65%
#
this year calling for widespread changes
15. Winthrop College (S.C,)
77.2
12
29
34
48
56
932
N/A
63%
in college athletics. And he is a member
of the NCAA Presidents Commission,
FOR A DETAILED EXPLANATION
OF THE U.S. NEWS METHODOLO-
which is spearheading the effort to
GY, SEE PAGE 83. FOR AN EX-
clean things up, often in the face of
PLANATION OF THE STATISTICS,
fierce opposition from athletics offi-
SEE PAGE 93.
cials. At many schools, popular coaches
backed by boosters have had more pow-
er over sports than academic leaders.
"A lot of university presidents are in
U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT, SEPTEMBER 30, 1991
including statistics relating to (1) the se-
lectivity of the student body; (2) the de-
gree to which the school financially sup-
ports a high-quality, full-time faculty; (3)
METHODOLOGY
the school's overall financial resources,
and (4) the level of student satisfaction as
measured by the school's ability to gradu-
ate the students it admits as freshmen.
THE U.S. NEWS RANKINGS COMBINE A SCHOOL'S ACADEMIC
Selectivity was determined by the ac-
REPUTATION WITH DATA ON ITS STUDENTS, FACULTY AND FINANCES
ceptance rate among applicants to the
1990 entering class; the "yield," or the
percentage of those accepted who actu-
ally enrolled; the enrollees' high-school
ere is how U.S. News arrived at
H
sponding college presidents, deans and
class standings, and either the average or
the rankings in this fifth annual
admissions directors. While U.S. News is
midpoint combined scores on the Scho-
guide to "America's Best Col-
aware that not even college presidents
lastic Aptitude Test or on the composite
leges": As in the past, the schools were
can make precise judgments about
American College Testing Assessment.
first divided into categories using the
schools other than their own, the survey
For national universities and national
standard guidelines established by the
is designed to measure not academic
liberal arts colleges, class standing was
Carnegie Foundation for the Advance-
measured by the percentage of
HORAN
FOR
ment of Teaching. To simplify the group-
freshmen finishing in the top 10
ings, some smaller categories were com-
percent of their high-school
bined into larger units, and some larger
classes; for regional colleges and
categories were subdivided regionally.
liberal arts schools, by the per-
The process created the same 14 catego-
centage of entering students who
ries of schools used in prior editions:
graduated in the top 25 percent.
National universities and national liber-
Faculty-resources ranking was
al arts colleges are the major leagues of
derived from the following data:
higher education, usually with more-se-
the 1990 ratio of full-time-equiva-
lective student bodies, greater resources
lent students to full-time-equiva-
and broader reputations than schools in
lent instructional faculty; the per-
other categories. According to the Car-
centage of full-time faculty with
negie guidelines, the 204 national uni-
doctorates or other top terminal
versities (story, Page 90) offer a wide
degrees in their fields (for nation-
range of baccalaureate programs, give a
al universities and liberal arts col-
high priority to research and award a
leges); the percentage of faculty
large number of Ph.D.'s; the 140 nation-
with part-time status, and the av-
al liberal arts colleges (Page 96) are
erage 1990 salary, with benefits,
highly selective and award more than
for tenured full professors.
half their degrees in the liberal arts.
The strength of a school's fi-
Regional colleges and universities (Page
nancial resources was deter-
104) generally award more than half their
mined by the 1990 dollar total of
bachelor's degrees in two or more profes-
its educational and general ex-
sions. Many also offer graduate degrees.
penditures, divided by its total
The 558 schools in this large category
full-time-equivalent enrollment.
have been subdivided by region: North,
And the measurement of student
South, Midwest and West.
Yardstick. Student satisfaction is one variable.
satisfaction used the average per-
Regional liberal arts colleges: Similarly
centage of students in the 1983 to
subdivided, the 387 schools in this cate-
quality as such but academic reputa-
1985 freshman classes who graduated
gory (Page 107) are, on the whole, less
tion-which has become so vital in open-
within five years of the year they en-
selective than the national liberal arts
ing doors for college students to both
rolled. For national liberal arts colleges,
colleges and generally grant more than
graduate education and employment.
U.S. News added the percentage of a
half their degrees in the liberal arts.
Survey participants, who rated only
school's living alumni who gave to their
Specialized institutions: This category
institutions in the same category as
alma mater's fund drives in 1990.
(Page 95) consists of 84 institutions di-
their own, graded the reputations of
Educational data were collected for
vided into four groups of schools that
other schools by placing them into one
U.S. News by College Counsel of Na-
award more than half their degrees in
of four quartiles. Four points were giv-
tick, Mass. Additional data were pro-
business, engineering or the arts. It also
en for each vote in the top quartile,
vided by the American Association of
includes the five service academies.
three for each vote in the second, two
University Professors and the Council
Altogether, 1,373 four-year schools
for each in the third and one for each in
for Aid to Education. Market Facts Inc.
were included in the above categories
the fourth. U.S. News then ranked the
conducted the reputational survey in
(institutions with 200 or fewer students
schools in' descending order based on
the spring of 1991. The final rankings
were excluded). They were ranked within
their average quartile scores. "Don't
were produced with a statistical model
the separate categories by combining sta-
know" answers were not counted, and
developed by U.S. News. For further de-
tistics gathered from the colleges with
the highest possible score was 4.0.
tails, see the footnotes on Page 93.
the results of U.S. News's exclusive survey
The reputational scores were com-
of academic reputations among 2,425 re-
bined with data provided by the schools,
BY ROBERT J. MORSE
U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT, SEPTEMBER 30, 1991
83
1992
COLLEGE
30103
U.S. NEWS TOP 25 NATIONAL UNIVERSITIES
THE BIGGEST OF THE BEST OFFER A WIDE RANGE OF PROGRAMS,
GIVE HIGH PRIORITY TO RESEARCH AND AWARD MANY DOCTORAL DEGREES
//
Class
OFFICE
//
il
Il
//
11
SENIT A
/
//
/,
//
The
TOTAL
/,
II
name
L Harvard University
100.0
1
1
1
10
2
1370
1270-1470
90%
18%
99%
8/1
$50,677
93%
97%
2. Yale University
99.5
3
2
5
6
4
1365
1270-1460
95%
20%
96%
6/1
$57,879
92%
98%
3. Stanford University
99.1
3
4
7
3
10
1365
1270-1460
90%
22%
99%
9/1
$72,551
89%
98%
4. Princeton University
98.7
3
3
8
9
2
1340
N/A
89%
17%
100%
9/1
$50,786
93%
98%
4. California Institute of Technology
98.7
7
6
3
1
24
1400
N/A
98%
30%
98%
5/1
$106,611
81%
96%
6. Mass. Institute of Technology
97.7
5
17
4
15
1375
1290-1460
94%
32%
90%
8/1
$63,605
87%
97%
7. Duke University (N.C.)
96.1
11
10
6
17
4
1305
1220-1390
90%
33%
97%
6/1
$40,229
92%
99%
8. Dartmouth College (N.H.)
95.9
15
7
10
14
1
1310
1220-1400
82%
26%
93%
5/1
$42,444
95%
95%
9. Columbia University (N.Y.)
95.7
11
12
14
8
7
1275
1150-1400
79%
28%
94%
6/1
$51,262
90%
95%
10. University of Chicago
95.4
24
2
11
26
1290
1190-1390
70%
46%
100%
6/1
$49,954
79%
93%
11. Johns Hopkins University (Md.)
94.9
7:
30
9
2
15
1315
1230-1400
67%
53%
94%
4/1
$74,750
87%
94%
12. Cornell University (N.Y.)
94.5
11
22
13
18
1280
1180-1380
82%
30%
94%
11/1
$43,941
85%
95%
13. University of Pennsylvania
93:4
11
15
18
20
14
1285
1190-1380
83%
42%
99%
7/1
$36,617
87%
96%
14. Northwestern University (III.)
92.4
15
21
13
21
20
1245
1140-1350
82%
46%
99%
8/1
$35,394
84%
95%
15. Rice University (Texas)
91.5
24
8
21
27
13
1323
1206-1440
86%
25%
100%
9/1
$29,533
88%
95%
16. University of California at Berkeley
90.9
3
14
24
39
46
1210
1070-1350
95%
38%
98%
17/1
$24,789
70%
92%
17. Brown University (R.J:)
90.7
15
9
32
32
8
1295
1180-1410
80%
23%
99%
13/1
$27,689
90%
96%
18. Washington University (Mo.)
88.9
29
42
15
28
1205
1100-1310
62%
59%
96%
4/1
$57,667
76%
94%
19. Vanderbilt University (Tenn.)
88.7
26
41
12
18
28
1190
1090-1290
55%
11,59%
95%
5/1
$37,564
76%
90%
19. Georgetown University (D.C.)
88.
35
17
19
30
20
1228
1125-1330
68%
29%
89%
7/1
$28,037
84%
96%
21. University of Virginia
88.4
15
16
29
49
11
1215
1100-1330
72%
32%
89%
10/1
$22,080
88%
97%
22. University of Michigan
87.3
11
29
35
37
25
1180
1070-1290
69%
60%
95%
12/1
$25,486
79%
95%
23. Univ. of California at Los Angeles
86.6
15
20
44
29
65
1130
980-1280
90%
43%
100%
23/1
$28,306
63%
93%
24. Carnegie Mellon University (Pa.)
85.8
24
53
23
15
47
1225
1100-1350
53%
65%
94%
9/1
$40,844
69%
87%
25. Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 85.5
21
18
47
38
35
1110
990-1230
76%
37%
91%
10/1
$24,853
75%
94%
HOW TO READ THIS TABLE: For details on the U.S. News
25 percent each. The weighted numbered ranks for each
full-time faculty with doctorate includes highest terminal
ranking methodology see Page 83. To determine a school's
school were then totaled and compared with the weighted
degree. SAT and ACT 25th-75th percentile scores are the
overall rank, data for each of the five attributes reputa
totals for all the others in its category. Because the scores
test scores at the 25th and 75th percentiles of freshmen
tion, selectivity, faculty resources; financial resources and
are based upon numbered ranks, the lowest total translates
enrolled. Schools with a range show both that range and an
student satisfaction were converted to percentiles. The
into the highest ranking. The lowest score was converted
estimated midpoint. Total spending per student is school's
highest raw score for any attribute or subattribute was given
into a percentile of 100. The totals for all the other schools
1990 educational and general expenditure per FTE student
100 percent value, and all the other percentile scores were
were taken as a percent of the top score, and the schools
Graduation rate is average percent of 1983-85 freshmen
taken as a percentage of that top score. The schools were
were then ranked in descending order. Data for test scores,
graduated within 5 years. Freshman retention is average
then numerically ranked in order in each of the five attri-
acceptance rate and high-school class standing are for,fall;
percent of 1987-89 freshmen who became sophomores.
butes and weighted: Financial resources counted for 20
1990 freshmen. 1990 student/teacher ratios use full-time-
Schools with same numbered rank are tied. N/A means not
percent, student satisfaction 5 percent and the other three
equivalent (FTE) total faculty and students. 1990 percent of
available or colleges chose not to provide the data.
U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT, SEPTEMBER 30, 1991
93
Ref.
LA226
R53
1991
WH
THE RIGHT
COLLEGE
1991
College Research Group of
Concord, Massachusetts
More time Than
No
Commuter housing school"?
Arco
New York London Toronto Sydney Tokyo Singapore
178
FLORIDA
Distribution of degrees: The majors with the highest enrollments are electrical en-
Supporting data/closing dates: FAF: deadline is March 1.
gineering, aeronautics, and marine biology; humanities, business communication,
Financial aid contact: Leonard Gude, M.S., Director of Student Financial Aid. 800
and chemistry have the lowest.
348-4636 (in-state) 800 352-8324 (out-of-state).
Requirements: General education requirement.
Academic regulations: Minimum 2.0 GPA must be maintained.
STUDENT EMPLOYMENT. College Work/Study Program. Institutional employ-
Special: Preparatory courses offered during summer quarter in science and engi-
ment. 24% of full-time undergraduates work on campus during school year. Students
neering. Project Ahead available for members of armed forces. Language Institute
may expect to earn an average of $1,500 during school year. Off-campus part-time
trains foreign students in English. Double majors. Dual degrees. Internships. Coop-
employment opportunities rated "excellent." Freshmen are discouraged from work-
erative education programs. Seniors may take graduate courses. Preprofessional pro-
ing during their first term.
grams in dentistry, law, medicine, veterinary medicine. 3-2 program in science and
COMPUTER FACILITIES. DEC VAX-11/780 and Harris multi-user computer sys-
engineering with Duquesne 3-1 programs with High Point College. Member of
tems. 80 terminals are available for student use. 100 microcomputers. Apple, Apple
consortium with Independent Colleges and Universities of Florida (ICUF). Ex-
Macintosh, IBM, and Harris microcomputers. Computer languages and software:
change program with High Point College and North Carolina U. Teacher training
Ada, COBOL, FORTRAN, LISP, Pascal, SPSS-X; all major languages and software
program. Teacher certification on secondary level in biology, chemistry, environmen-
packages.
tal science, general science, mathematics, physics, and junior high school science.
Use: Computers are available to all students.
Study abroad in any country by student-initiated request. ROTC.
Fees: None.
Honors: Beta Beta Beta, Eta Kappa Nu, Tau Beta Pi, Blue Key, 16 professional hon-
Hours: 8 AM- midn. Some terminals have 24-hour access.
or societies.
GRADUATE CAREER DATA. Graduate school percentages: 10% enter graduate
Academic assistance: Individualized Learning Center (tutoring in all areas).
business programs. 25% enter graduate engineering programs. 5% enter other grad-
STUDENT LIFE. Housing: Freshmen must live on campus. Men's, women's, and
uate and professional programs. Highest graduate school enrollments: Florida Insti-
coed dorms. School-owned/operated apartments. Fraternity housing. 55% of stu-
tute of Technology, U of Central Florida, Rutgers U, New York U, U of Miami. 25%
dents live in college housing.
of graduates choose careers in business and industry. Companies and businesses that
Social atmosphere: "Being a highly technological university, most of the students
hire graduates: Harris, NASA, McDonnell Douglas, Texas Instruments.
spend their time studying and with their books," reports the student newspaper. "The
PROMINENT ALUMNI/AE. N/A.
beach and the sunshine available so often in Florida are a great temptation, but most
students are not tempted that often." Favorite off-campus gathering spots include the
Mighty Mushroom Restaurant, the Harbour Inn, Toucan Lounge in the Hilton Rial-
to, Encore Lounge in the Hilton-Melbourne Beach, and the beach.
Florida International University
Services and counseling/handicapped student services: Placement services.
Health service. Counseling services for veteran students. Personal and psychological
Miami, FL 33199
305 554-2000
counseling. Career and academic guidance services. Religious counseling. Handi-
capped student services.
Campus organizations: Undergraduate student council. Newspaper (Crimson,
1989-90 Costs. Tuition: $1,136 (state residents), $3,687 (out-of-state).
published weekly). Yearbook. Radio station. College Players, FITV (video club), stu-
Room: $1,860. Board: $1,482. Fees, books, misc. expenses (school's es-
dent environmental group, stage band; over 85 groups and organizations. Eight fra-
timate): $567.
ternities (four with chapter houses) and three sororities. 15% of men join a fraternity
Enrollment. Undergraduates: 2,784 men, 3,529 women (full-time).
and 10% of women join a sorority. No sorority chapter houses.
Freshman class: 2,459 applicants, 1,107 accepted, 709 enrolled (61%
Religious organizations: Newman Club, Fellowship of Christian Athletes.
from public schools). Graduate enrollment: 4,101.
Minority/foreign student organizations: Spanish-speaking student society, Carib-
bean student association, black student group.
Test scores. Average SAT scores: 481 verbal, 544 mathematics. Aver-
ATHLETICS. Physical education requirements: None.
age ACT composite score: 23.
Intercollegiate competition: 15% of students participate. Baseball (M), basketball
Faculty. 587 full-time; 272 part-time. 81% of faculty holds doctoral de-
(M,W), cheerleading (M), crew (M), cross-country (M,W), fencing (M,W), soccer
gree. Student/faculty ratio: 13 to 1.
(M), softball (W), tennis (M), volleyball (M). Member of the NCAA Division II, Sun-
shine State Conference.
Selectivity rating. More competitive.
Intramural and club sports: 75% ofstudents participate in intramurals. Men's club
/
cycling, football, golf, martial arts, polo, racquetball, sailing, water polo, weight lift-
PROFILE. Florida International was established in 1965 as an upper-level institution
ing, wrestling.
and began a four-year undergraduate program in 1981. The academic organization
includes the Colleges of Arts and Sciences, Business Administration, and Engineer-
ADMISSIONS. Academic basis for candidate selection (in order of priority):
ing and the Schools of Accounting, Engineering, Health Sciences, Hospitality Man-
Secondary school record, SAT or ACT scores, class rank, school's recommendation,
agement, Nursing, and Public Affairs and Services. The 344-acre campus is located
essay.
10 miles from downtown Miami.
Nonacademic basis for candidate selection: Character and personality, extracur-
Accreditation: SACS. Numerous professional accreditations.
ricular participation, and particular talent or ability are all considered.
Religious orientation: Florida International University is nonsectarian; no religious
Requirements: Secondary school graduation or GED is required. 16 secondary
requirements.
school units with the following high school program recommended: 4 units of Eng-
lish, 4 units of math, 3 or more units of science. Minimum SAT scores of 500 verbal
Library: Collections totaling over 810,418 volumes, 10,283 periodical subscriptions,
and 2,240,816 microform items.
and 600 math, rank in the top 30% of class, and minimum 2.8 GPA recommended.
Special facilities/museums: Art gallery. Consumer Affairs Institute. Center for
Applicants are also expected to present units in chemistry, physics, biological science,
Economic Studies. Women's Studies Center.
and trigonometry. SAT is required; ACT may be substituted. Campus visit and inter-
Athletic facilities: Indoor and outdoor facilities for basketball, volleyball, tennis,
view recommended. No off-campus interviews.
racquetball, soccer, baseball, and softball; aquatic center, VITA course, and fitness
Procedure: Take SAT or ACT by December of 12th year. Visit institute for recom-
center.
mended interview by December of 12th year. Suggest filing application by April 1; no
deadline. Notification of admission on rolling basis. Reply is required by May 1. $200
STUDENT BODY. Undergraduate profile: 94% are state residents; 18% transfers.
nonrefundable tuition deposit. $150 room deposit refundable until classes begin.
3% Asian-American, 8% Black, 48% Hispanic, American Indian or Eskimo,
Hispine
Freshmen accepted in terms other than fall.
40% White. Average age of undergraduates is 25.)
Special programs: Admission may be deferred one year. Both credit and placement
Freshman profile: 1% of freshmen who took SAT scored 700 or over on verbal, 2%
may be granted for CEEB Advanced Placement exam scores of 4 or 5. Both credit
scored 700 or over on math; 9% of freshmen who took SAT scored 600 or over on
and placement may be granted through CLEP general and subject exams. Institute
verbal, 25% scored 600 or over on math. 4% of freshmen who took ACT scored 30 or
also has its own advanced placement program. Early entrance/early admission pro-
more on composite; 43% scored 24 or over on composite. (90% of accepted appli-
gram. Concurrent enrollment program.
cants took SAT; 45% took ACT.) 61% of freshmen come from public schools.
Transfer students: Transfer students accepted for terms other than fall. In 1989,
Foreign students: 686 students are from out of the country. Countries represented
28% of all new students were transfers into all classes. 710 transfer applications were
include Canada and Central American, Caribbean, South American, African, South-
received, 394 were accepted. Application deadline for fall is July 1; December 1 for
east Asian countries; Near, Middle, and Far Eastern countries; 93 in all.
spring. Minimum 2.5 GPA recommended. Lowest course grade accepted is "C."
PROGRAMS OF STUDY. Degrees: B.A., B.Accounting, B.B.A., B.F.A.,
Maximum number of transferable credits is 135 quarter hours (equivalent of three
B.Hlth.Sci.Adm., B.Mus., B.Public Admin., B.S., B.S.Ed., B.S.N.
years). At least 45 quarter hours (equivalent of one year) must be completed at Insti-
Majors: Accounting, Apparel Management, Architectural Technology, Art, Art
tute of Technology to receive degree.
Education, Biology, Biology Education, Business Teacher Education, Chemistry,
Admissions contact: Jacklyn S. Wilson, M.S., Director of Admissions. 407
Chemistry Education, Civil Engineering, Communication, Computer Science, Con-
768-8000.
struction, Construction Management, Criminal Justice, Dietetics and Nutrition,
FINANCIAL AID. Available aid: Pell grants, SEOG. State, school, and private
Electrical Engineering, Elementary Education, Emotional Disturbances, Engineer-
grants and scholarships. ROTC. Academic merit scholarships. Athletic scholarships.
ing, English, English Education, Environmental and Urban Systems, Environmental
Loans: Perkins Loans (NDSL), PLUS, Stafford Loans (GSL). State and private loans.
Studies, Finance, French, General Economics, General Hospitality Management,
SLS. Knight Tuition Plan.
General Physics, Geology, German, Health Occupations Education, Health Services
Financial aid statistics: 10% of aid is not need-based. In 1989-90, 66% of all under-
Administration, History, History Education, Home Economics Education, Humani-
graduate applicants received aid; 60% of freshman applicants. Average amounts of
ties, Industrial and Systems Engineering, Industrial Arts Education, Interior Design,
aid awarded freshmen: scholarships and grants, $2,500; loans, $2,000.
International Business, International Relations, Italian, Liberal Studies, Manage-
ment, Management Information Systems, Marketing, Mathematical Sciences, Math-
D/o munuters?
FLORIDA
179
ematics, Mathematics Education, Mechanical Engineering, Medical Records Ad-
ministration, Medical Technology, Mental Retardation, Modern Language Educa-
FINANCIAL AID. Available aid: Pell grants, SEOG. School and private scholar-
tion, Music, Music Education, Nursing, Occupational Therapy, Parks and Recre-
ships; state and school grants. Loans: Perkins Loans (NDSL), PLUS, Stafford Loans
ation Administration, Personnel Management, Philosophy, Physical Education,
(GSL). State and school loans. Short-term tuition loans. Emergency loans.
Physical Science Education, Physical Therapy, Political Science, Portuguese, Pros-
Financial aid statistics: 10% of aid is not need-based. In 1988-89, 52% of all under-
thetics and Orthotics, Psychology, Public Administration, Religious Studies, Social
graduate applicants received aid; 71% of freshman applicants. Average amounts of
Studies Education, Social Work, Sociology/Anthropology, Spanish, Specific Learn-
aid awarded freshmen: scholarships and grants, $1,350; loans, $1,500.
ing Disability, Statistics, Technical Education, Theatre, Vocational Industrial Educa-
Supporting data/closing dates: School's own aid application: priority filing date is
April 15. FAF: priority filing date is April 15.
tion.
Distribution of degrees: The majors with the highest enrollments are computer sci-
Financial aid contact: Ana Sarasti, M.A., Director of Financial Aid. 305 554-2431.
ence, accounting, and finance; education specializations have the lowest.
STUDENT EMPLOYMENT. College Work/Study Program. Institutional employ-
Requirements: General education requirement.
ment. 14% of full-time undergraduates work on campus during school year. Students
Academic regulations: Minimum 2.0 GPA must be maintained.
may expect to earn an average of $2,750 during school year. Off-campus part-time
Special: Minors possible. Academic and professional certificate programs in all col-
employment opportunities rated "excellent."
lege and school divisions. Double majors. Dual degrees. Independent study. Acceler-
COMPUTER FACILITIES. SUN 4/280 and DEC VAX-8800 multi-user computer
ated study. Pass/fail grading option. Internships. Cooperative education programs.
systems. 400 terminals are available for student use. 500 microcomputers. Mostly
Graduate school at which undergraduates may take graduate-level courses. Prepro-
IBM and IBM-compatible microcomputers. Computer languages and software:
fessional programs in dentistry, law, medicine. 2-2 programs with Florida community
dBASE III, Lotus 1-2-3, SuperCale, Symphony, others.
colleges. Member of Southeast Florida Educational Consortium with seven area in-
Use: Computers are available to all students.
stitutions. Teacher certification in early childhood, elementary, secondary, and spe-
Regulations: Student users must have individual accounts.
cial education. Study abroad in England. ROTC and AFROTC at U of Miami.
Fees: None.
Honors: Honors program. Beta Alpha Psi (accounting), Finance Honor Society,
Hours: Vary to meet student demand.
Omicron Delta Kappa, Phi Delta Kappa (education), Phi Eta Sigma (freshmen), Phi
Kappa Phi (academic excellence), Phi Theta Epsilon, Phi Theta Kappa (civic), Pi
GRADUATE CAREER DATA. Highest graduate school enrollments: Graduate
Gamma Mu (social science), Psi Chi (psychology), public administration honors, Sig-
schools of business administration and education. 40% of graduates choose careers
ma Lambda Chi (construction), Sigma Pi Sigma (physical sciences).
in business and industry. Companies and businesses that hire graduates: Big Eight
Academic assistance: Skills Center provides assistance in developing reading, writ-
accounting firms, local and regional banks.
ing and computational skills.
PROMINENT ALUMNI/AE. Pat Bradley, professional golfer.
STUDENT LIFE. Housing: Students may live on or off campus. School-owned/op-
erated apartments. Residence complexes presently under construction. 11% of stu-
dents live in college housing.
Services and counseling/handicapped student services: Placement services.
Florida Southern College
Health service. Women's center. Day care. International Student Center and Ser-
vices. Counseling Services Department/Wellness Center. Counseling services for mi-
Lakeland, FL 33801-5698
813 680-4111
nority, veteran, and older students. Birth control, personal, and psychological coun-
seling. Career and academic guidance services. Religious counseling. Diagnostic test-
1990-91 Costs. Tuition: $5,600. Room & board: $3,870. Fees, books,
services. ing service. Reader service for the blind. Handicapped student services. Notetaking
misc. expenses (school's estimate): $780.
Campus organizations: Undergraduate student council. Newspaper (Sunblazer).
Enrollment. Undergraduates: 780 men, 858 women (full-time). Fresh-
Yearbook. Radio station. Scholarly publications. Student Union. Four fraternities
man class: 1,537 applicants, 953 accepted, 441 enrolled. Graduate en-
and two sororities. 6% of men join a fraternity and 5% of women join a sorority. No
rollment: 87.
chapter houses.
Religious organizations: Baptist Campus Ministry, Fellowship of Christian Ath-
Test scores. N/A.
letes, Hillel, Intervarsity Christian Fellowship, Jesus Students Fellowship, Students
Faculty. 100 full-time; 75 part-time. 60% of faculty holds doctoral de-
for United Jewish Appeal.
gree. Student/faculty ratio: 19 to 1.
Minority/foreign student organizations: Black Student Union, Students Against
Apartheid. Arab and American Organization, Brazilian Club, Caribbean Students
Selectivity rating. N/A.
Association, Chinese Students Association, Colombian Club, Hispanic Engineers
Association, International Black Student Union, International Student Club, Iranian
PROFILE. Florida Southern is a college of liberal arts and sciences founded in 1885
Solidarity Committee, Korean Students Association, Nicaraguan Student Associ-
under the auspices of the Methodist Church. The Trustees adopted the name of Flori-
ation, Nigerian Students Association, Russian Club.
da Southern College when it was incorporated in 1935. Ten of the buildings on cam-
ATHLETICS. Physical education requirements: None.
pus were designed by Frank Lloyd Wright who described Florida Southern as "the
Intercollegiate competition: 1% of students participate. Baseball (M), basketball
first uniquely American campus." Wright also designed the Wall Plaza and the Water
(M,W), cross-country (M,W), golf (M,W), soccer (M,W), tennis (M,W), volleyball
Dome, as well as the esplanades which connect most of the Wright buildings. The
(W). Member of the NCAA Division I, New South Women's Athletic Conference.
campus is listed with the National Register of Historic Places and now has some 60
Intramural and club sports: 10% of students participate in intramurals. Intramural
buildings on 100 acres.
Accreditation: SACS.
basketball, bowling, fitness, flag football, floor hockey, golf, racquetball, soccer, soft-
ball, tennis, volleyball. Men's club bowling, cheerleading, crew, cycling, diving, la-
Religious orientation: Florida Southern College is affiliated with the Methodist
crosse, martial arts, rugby, swimming, weight lifting. Women's club bowling, cheer-
Church. Two semesters of religion required. Attendance at convocations is mandato-
leading, cycling, diving, lacrosse, martial arts, rugby, swimming, weight lifting.
ry one Wednesday each month.
Library: Collections totaling over 200,000 volumes, 792 periodical subscriptions,
ADMISSIONS. Academic basis for candidate selection (in order of priority):
and 205,556 microform items.
Secondary school record, SAT or ACT scores, GPA, school's recommendation.
Special facilities/museums: Preschool lab for education students. Radio and TV
Nonacademic basis for candidate selection: Extracurricular participation, par-
studios.
ticular talent or ability, and alumni/ae relationship are all important. Character and
Athletic facilities: Gymnasiums, lighted tennis courts, outdoor basketball court,
personality are very important.
swimming pool, dock area, sail boats, ski boat.
Requirements: Secondary school graduation or GED is required. 19 secondary
STUDENT BODY. Undergraduate profile: 65% are state residents. 1% As-
school units with the following high school program required: 4 units of English, 3
units of math, 3 units of science including 2 units of lab, 2 units of a foreign language,
ian-American, 2% Black, 2% Hispanic, 95% White. Average age of undergraduates
is 20.
3units of social studies, 4 units of electives. "B" average in secondary school academic
Undergraduate achievement: 82% of fall 1988 freshmen returned for fall 1989
SAT or ACT is required.
subjects required. Special requirements for admission to specific programs. Either
semester.
Procedure: Take SAT or ACT by October of 12th year. Suggest filing application by
Foreign students: Countries represented include the Bahamas, West Germany, Ja-
pan, Curacao, Spain, and South American countries.
basis. Freshmen accepted in terms other than fall.
December 1. Application deadline is April 1. Notification of admission on rolling
PROGRAMS OF STUDY. Degrees: B.A., B.S., B.S.N.
Special programs: Admission may be deferred. Credit may be granted for CEEB
Majors: Accounting, Anthropology, Art, Art Communications, Biology, Broadcast-
Advanced Placement exam scores of 3 or higher. Credit may be granted through
ing, Business Administration, Chemistry, Citrus/Horticulture, Communications,
CLEP general and subject exams. Early decision program. Early entrance/early ad-
Criminal Justice, Early Childhood Education, Economics, Elementary Education,
mission program. Concurrent enrollment program.
English, French, German, Health and Physical Education, History, Journalism,
Transfer students: Transfer students accepted for terms other than fall. In 1988,
Mathematics, Medical Technology (3-1), Music, Music Education, Music Manage-
18% of all new students were transfers into all classes. 7,786 transfer applications
ment, Physical Education, Physics, Political Science, Pre-Art Therapy, Psychology,
were received, 4,460 were accepted. Minimum "B" average and 1000 combined SAT
Public Relations/Advertising, Recreation, Religion, Religious Education, Sacred
score or 23 composite ACT score required for freshmen and sophomores. Those with
Music, Social Work, Sociology, Spanish, Special Education, Speech, Sports Manage-
A.A. degrees from Florida community colleges must take Florida's College Level
ment, Studio Art, Theatre.
Academic Skills Test (CLAST).
Distribution of degrees: The major with the highest enrollment is business; art has
Admissions 554-2363. contact: Carmen Brown, M.A., Director of Admissions. 305
the lowest.
Requirements: General education requirement. Core comprehensive and senior
exams required.
LA226
.L68
1987
Eighteenth Edition
WH
LOVEJOY'S
College Guide
A COMPLETE REFERENCE BOOK TO SOME 2,500
AMERICAN COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES FOR USE
7/3/89
BY STUDENTS, PARENTS, TEACHERS, REFERENCE
LIBRARIES, YOUTH AGENCIES, GUIDANCE COUN-
SELORS, INDUSTRIAL CORPORATIONS, FOUNDA-
TIONS, ARMY, NAVY, AIR FORCE STATIONS, OTHER
FEDERAL SERVICES, AND BY FOREIGN GOVERN-
MENTS AND AGENCIES.
Edited by Charles T. Straughn II and
Barbarasue Lovejoy Straughn
PROPERTY OF
T
LIBRARY
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF
THE PRESIDENT
MONARCH PRESS
NEW YORK
LOVEJOY'S
EDUCATIONAL
GUIDES
248
FLORIDA
graduates go on to higher education immediately upon graduation. 1% enter medical
handball/squash/racquetbal courts, pool, stadium, sports center, tennis courts
Jewish. Majori
school, 1% enter dental school, 3% enter law school, 3% business school, 3% other.
Handicapped Services Special program for Learning Disabled students. Support
83% of graduates enter the job market directly upon graduation. Career Placement
services offered: tutors, tapes, video, readers, talking books. 80% of campus facilities
Antetics Intercol
Center helps with resumes, on-campus job interviews, internships, coop education.
are accessible to the physically handicapped. Facilities include: ramps, wide doon
sustry) Intercoll
elevators. Office of Handicapped Services on campus. Jennifer King is contact Dei
2013 country). C
son.
got course, hand
[1] FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
Graduation/Enrollment Statistics 85% of freshmen return for sophomore year
Tamiami Trail & 107th Avenue, Miami 33199 (305) 554-3421
Career Placement Center helps with resumes, on-campus job interviews, internships
coop education.
Selectivity:
Director of Admissions, School and College Relations: William Brinkley
[J1] FLORIDA KEYS COMMUNITY COLLEGE
FTU: 1,992m, 2,123w
PTU: 3,032m, 3,803w
GRAD
STU:
1,403m,
2,168w
Key West 33040
TUITION/YR: Public $878 (in-state), $2,906 (out-of-state) R&B/YR: $2,500
[1] FLORIDA :
B&PE:
$500
DEGREES: BS, BA, MA, MS, MBA, PhD, EdD
Med SAT: 486v,
altahassee 3230
544m
ACH:
req
Med
ACT:
23
S-F RATIO: 18:1
CAL
SYS:
sem
S/T:
A-6
wks, B-6 wks, C-12 wks FRESH: 2,174 applied, 1,000 accepted, 593 enrolled
[1] FLORIDA MEMORIAL COLLEGE
Director of Admis
+FTU: 6,804m, 7
TRANS: 4,523 applied, 2,561 accepted, 1,849 enrolled
15800 North West 42nd Street, Miami 33054 (305) 625-4141
TUITION/YR: Pt.
Public, four-year, graduate, co-ed, university. Established in 1965. 537.2 acre campus
Director of Admissions: Roberto Barragan
SAPE: $400 DE
located in a large city, population 1,759,251. Campus is within the city/town. Bus, train,
FTU: 339m, 377
TUITION/YR (1984/85): $2,200
R&B/YR: $1,800
Fees:
SSN, MA, MA ir
air service. Bus service is available from campus to nearest airport or train station.
$340
DEGREES:
BA,
BS
S-F RATIO: 15 to 1
DEA, DM, PhD
Academic Character SACS accreditation. Professional accreditation in business,
A private college affiliated with the Baptist Church, established 1879. 50-acre urbar
RATIO: 18:1 C.
construction, physical therapy, nursing, home economics, chemistry, social work, engi-
campus in large city of Miami. Served by air, bus, and rail.
applied, 7,410 a
neering, dietetics, allied health. Majors: arts & sciences, business administration, edu-
Academic Character SACS accreditation. Semester system, 2 5-week summer
sccepted, 2,14
cation, hospitality management, nursing, public afffairs & services, engineering &
terms. 4 majors offered in the Division of Business Administration, 4 in Education
Public, four-year
applied sciences. Majors with the largest enrollment are management, hospitality
in Humanities, 3 in Natural Sciences & Math, 6 in Social Sciences. Minors offered
small city,
management, accounting. 14% are enrolled in art and humanities, 20.2% business,
all major fields; courses in 11 additional areas. Distributive requirements. 2 semester
de, 200 Miles
2% math and sciences, 8.3% engineering, 5.5% social sciences, 6.4% education.
of religion required. GREs required for graduation. Exchange program with Interna
Academic Char
Graduation requirements include English (1), math (1), social science (1), national
tional College of the Cayman Islands. Summer courses in physics at Howard. #
# Arts & Scienc
science (1/2), modern language (1), art (1/2), historical analysis (1/2). 536 full-time
premedicine at Fisk. General Education Program divided into 3 ability levels. Elemen
by the College
faculty, 361 part-time faculty. 75% hold doctorates. Computer center on campus.
tary and secondary education certification. AFROTC through U of Miami. Reading
of Home Econo
Computer terminals available for student use. Library has 714,000 volumes, 6,543
Language lab. 70,000-volume library.
institute for E
periodicals, 1,586,674 microform items.
Financial CEEB CSS and ACT: FAS. College scholarships, grants, loans. Member
*** and The
Special Programs Dual majors, independent study, honors programs, internships,
United Negro College Fund. PELL, SEOG, FISL, CWS
Chapter. Specia
cooperative education, pass/fail, credit by exam, tutorial/remedial programs in math,
General Admissions High school graduation with 16 units recommended. GED
we Computer
writing, reading. Cross/registration/study consortiums with Florida Atlantic University,
cepted. Interview recommended. $25 application fee. Rolling admissions; suggest
Ultrary has 1,6
University of Central Florida, University of Miami. Army ROTC, AFROTC.
applying by March. $50 room deposit required on acceptance of offer of admission
funcial Progra
Financial CEEB CSS. Required financial aid forms: FAF. Scholarships, grants, loans,
Transfers accepted.
pharm
work-study, state aid. PELL, SEOG, Perkins, CWS, GSL, PLUS. 19% of student body
Student Life Student government. Newspaper, literary magazine, yearbook. Choir,
grams, honors
receives scholarship/grant aid, 13% other aid. Average amount of general financial
band, drama circle. Cultural arts program. Athletic, departmental, honorary, religious
wam, tutorial/r
aid package is $1,200. 406 academic/merit based scholarships awarded each year
service, and special interest groups. 4 fraternities and 4 sororities. All non-commuting
Fierida À & MI
with average amount of $700. 2,100 need-based scholarships awarded each year with
students must live on campus except with permission of the Dean of Students No
No. England
average amount of $995. 160 athletic scholarships awarded each year with average
married-student housing. 40% of students live on campus. 75% attendance minimum
Financial Req
amount of $1,250. 8% of student body has campus jobs. Tuition waiver to cover part
requirement for passing course. Drugs, liquor, and firearms prohibited. 4 sems of physical
of non-resident tuition costs. Financial aid application deadline: April 15(fall).
ed required. Student body composition: 88.3% Black, 0.5% Hispanic, 11.2% Other
Vity receives
Freshman Admissions High school graduation required. GED accepted. 19 aca-
Medial aid pa
demic units required for entrance: 4-English, 3-Math, 3-Science, 2-Foreign Language,
such year with
3-Social Studies, 4-Academic Electives. Admissions criteria of most importance:
With year with
grades, SAT/ACT scores, degree of difficulty of courses taken. 65% of freshmen are
[1] FLORIDA SOUTHERN COLLEGE
with avera
from public schools, 35% are from private/parochial schools. Average high school
111 Lake Hollingsworth Dr, Lakeland 33801-5698 (813) 683-5521
M application
GPA of current freshman class is 3.3. 7% of enrolled freshmen scored 601-700 on
Presiman Ad
the verbal SAT, 37% scored 500-600, 52% scored below 500. 2% of enrolled fresh-
Selectivity:
I units re
men scored above 700 on the math SAT, 22% scored 601-700, 51% scored 500-600,
Director of Admissions: William B. Stephens Jr.
Stidas Science
25% scored below 500. 2% of enrolled freshmen scored above 28 on the ACT, 33%
TUITION/YR: Private $4,400
R&B/YR: $3,200
FEES: $400
DEGREES: BS,
apportance: 9
scored 25-28, 43% scored 21-24, 22% scored below 21. SAT/ACT required. SAT/
BSN, BA, MBA, BM, BSM
Med SAT: 440v, 470m
ACH: not req
Med ACT:
920 high school
ACT are used for admissions only. SAT/ACT deadline: April 1(fall), November
20
S-F RATIO: 24:1
CAL SYS: sem
S/T:
2
terms
(1
month
each)
are lised for
1(spring). Personal interview required. Essays required. Application deadline: April
Private, four-year, co-ed, liberal arts college. Affiliation: Methodist Church. Established
Transfer Adn
1(fall), November 1(spring). Notification of acceptance deadline: May 1(fall), Decem-
in 1885. 100 acre campus located in a small city, population 65,000. Campus is was
bansfers with
ber 1(spring). Freshmen accepted every term, Early Decision/Early Action, Early
the city/town. Tampa-30 miles, Orlando-45 miles. Air service.
- Transfer
Admissions/Early Entrance, credit earned for AP exams, credit earned for CLEP
Academic Character SACS accreditation. Majors: arts, humanities, social sciences
M 30 hours
exams.
natural sciences, education, business, administration, pre-nursing, physical education
realred of a
Transfer Admissions Suggested GPA: 2.0. SAT/ACT scores required for transfers
communications, citrus/horticulture. Majors with the largest enrollment are business
General Adm
with less than 60 credits. "D's" are transferable. Transfers accepted every term.
communications, education. 7% are enrolled in art and humanities, 37% business
emable M-F
Transfers accepted as 2nd semester freshmen, sophomores, juniors. High school
11% math and sciences, 21% social sciences, 11% education. 103 full-time faculty,
Foreign Stuc
transcripts required of applicants with less than 60 credits. Application deadline: April
60% hold doctorates. Special features: Frank Lloyd Wright Buildings. Computer items cet
by fist entitle
1(fall), November 1(spring). Notification of acceptance deadline: April 1(fall), Novem-
ter on campus. Library has 190,000 volumes, 767 periodicals, 8,220 microform ADR
Mudant Life
ber 1(spring). Candidates reply deadline: May 1(fall), December 1(spring).
Special Programs Dual majors, independent study, internships, credit by exam.
98, music
General Admissions Rolling admissions. $15 application fee. Individual/group tours
demic year and semester abroad in England, Germany. Army ROTC, AFROTC
Was Fratem
available: By appointment. 18% out-of-state freshmen accepted. 15% out-of-state
Financial CEEB CSS. Required financial aid forms: CEEB FAF, IRS. Scholarships (10)
iss or wom
transfers accepted.
grants, loans, work-study, state aid. PELL, SEOG, Perkins, CWS, GSL, PLUS. 85 general
Tampus hous
Foreign Students 42 freshmen enrolled each year. SAT/ACT required. Average
aid)% of student body receives scholarship/grant aid. Average amount of -
was Ho
TOEFL score: 500. Foreign students are not entitled to scholarships/grants. Special
financial aid package is $2,480. 60 academic/merit based scholarships awarded
importan an
services: ESL.
year with average amount of $1,500. 500 need-based scholarships awarded
-
/
placem
Student Life Campus Organizations: student government, newspaper, literary publi-
year with average amount of $3,800. 95 athletic scholarships awarded each reduction year
added serv
cation, yearbook, radio/TV station, music group, drama group, religious organizations,
average amount of $3,100. 20% of student body has campus jobs. Tuition
bi
special interest groups, debate, political & honor. Fraternities: 4. Sororities: 2. Assis-
available. Financial aid application deadline: April 15(fall).
grades, SAT/ACT scores, degree of difficulty of courses taken, essays.recommer / SAT/ACT
Freshman Admissions GED accepted. Admissions criteria importance
Advistics In
tance offered in locating off-campus housing if no on-campus housing is available. 8%
of students live on campus. Students may live off campus if not athletes with scholar-
and divi
ships. 92% of students live off campus or commute. Housing available for married
tions. Average high school GPA of current freshman class is 2.638.
students. Cars are allowed on campus for freshmen and upperclassmen. 85% of
Transfer Admissions High school and college transcripts required of all transfer
quired. Personal interview required. Essays required.
students have cars; restrictions on use: car has to be registered with public safety.
for
Alcohol is permitted on campus for students of legal age. Campus pub. Campus
stude, han
services: health center, women's center, learning center, career placement, psycho-
General Admissions Rolling admissions. $20 application fee. $100 deposit 8-5. fee w n
applicants. Essays required.
logical counseling, foreign student center, tutoring, handicapped services, minority
acceptance of admissions offer. Individual/group tours available: All year
assicos off
students center. Student body composition: 44.6% white, 2.0% Asian, 8.1% black,
out-of-state freshmen accepted. 24% out-of-state transfers accepted.
and
/
ran
38.4% Hispanic, 1% native American, .4% other. 9.2% of students are from out-of-
Student Life Campus Organizations: student government, newspaper, literary interest
Nabi
state. Majority of out-of-state students are from the Eastern section of the country.
cation, yearbook, music group, drama group, religious organizations, special dorms. No
/
Athletics Intercollegiate sports for men: 6 ( baseball, basketball, cross-country, golf,
groups. 76% of students live on campus, 100% of those live in single-sex freshment
soccer, tennis ). Intercollegiate sports for women: 6 basketball, cross-country, golf,
of students live off campus or commute. Cars are allowed on
soccer, tennis, volleyball Intramurals for men: 6 coed. Club sports for men: 7 coed.
and upperclassmen. Campus services: health center, career
Conferences: New South Womens Athletics Conference. Special athletic facilities:
cal counseling, tutoring. Student body composition: 58% Protestant,
The
College
Blue Book
R
22nd Edition
Narrative
Descriptions
MACMILLAN PUBLISHING COMPANY
NEW YORK
Collier Macmillan Publishers
LONDON
FLORIDA
THE COLLEGE BLUE BOOK
NAF
FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY (O-13)
forms of transportation serve the area. Searstown and four shopping
anc
University Park
centers are among the nation's most unique shopping areas, all having
Miami, Florida 33199
(305) 554-2000
a tropical flair. A coral reef several miles off shore provides some of the
Description: The publicly supported coeducational university was es-
world's finest diving. Year round outdoor recreation includes some of the
Am
Ntablished by the State Legislature on June 22, 1965, and is a member
world's finest fishing. Numerous points of interest are the Audubon
E
institution of the State University System of Florida. The first classes
house, Ernest Hemingway Home and Museum, Martello Gallery and
were held in September, 1972, for upper-division and graduate students;
Museum, the Lighthouse and the Military Museum.
ACT
Lan
classes for freshmen and sophomores began in 1981. Current enrollment
adm
is 17,482 students, including 10,265 part-time students.The school is
accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools and
FLORIDA MEMORIAL COLLEGE (O-13)
C
operates on the semester system with two summer sessions. The universi-
15800 Northwest 42nd Avenue
tion
ty grants the Associate, Bachelor's, Masters, and Doctorate degrees. It
Miami, Florida 33054
(305) 625-4141
C
is composed of the Colleges of Arts and Sciences, Business Administra-
Description: Private college accredited by the Southern Association of
the
tion, Education, Engineering and Applied Sciences, and the Schools of
Colleges and Schools and controlled by Baptist Church. Current enroll-
to
Health Sciences, Hospitality Management, Computer Science, Nursing,
ment includes 1,951 men and women. A faculty of 12 full-time and 71
2,36
and Public Affairs and Services.
part-time gives a faculty-student ratio of 1-17. The semester system is
by f
Entrance Requirements: High school graduate with 19 units including
libr.
used and two summer sessions are offered. The college grants the Bache-
4 English, 3 mathematics, 3 laboratory science, 3 social studies, and 2
mic
lor degree. Continuing education courses are offered; cooperative educa-
foreign language. SAT 1000 combined or ACT 23 minimum. Applica-
tion programs are available.
put
tion fee $15.
are
Entrance Requirements: Open enrollment C average policy; comple-
cou
Costs per Year: $1,136 tuition; $3,687 tuition for out-of-state resi-
tion of 16 units including 4 English, 1 mathematics, 1 science and 4 social
ous
dents; graduate tuition: $1,585 resident, $4,584 for out-of-state residents.
science; SAT or ACT accepted; CLEP (English); rolling admission and
(
$61 student fees. $3,342 room and board.
early decision plans; $15 application fee.
love
Collegiate Environment: University Park occupies 344 acres in the
Costs per Year: $3,900 tuition; $2,520 room and board; $340 student
wes
western suburbs of Dade County, not far from Miami International
fees; additional expenses average $205.
por
Airport. The campus has eight major buildings, a residential complex for
Collegiate Environment: The campus has 12 buildings on 7.5 acres.
dat
800 students, and a new athletic arena. The North Miami campus en-
Approximately 81% of the students applying for admission are accepted
lun
compasses 200 acres on Biscayne Bay, including a large natural cypress
preserve. Campus facilities include six campus buildings, an Olympic-
and 75% of the freshman class returned for sophomore year. The library
pro
contains 57,607 volumes and 7,613 microforms.
has
type aquatic center, and apartment-style housing for 552 students. The
wor
two campuses are linked by a university-operated transportation system.
Community Environment: See Barry College
Me
The libraries on campus contain 786,824 volumes, 10,283 periodicals,
ing
57,349 audiovisual materials and over 2.2 million microform units. Over
lah
1,100 scholarships are available and 49% of the students receive financial
FLORIDA SOUTHERN COLLEGE (I-8)
aid.
111 Lake Hollingsworth Drive
Community Environment: The Greater Miami area offers cultural
Lakeland, Florida 33801-5698
(813) 680-4100
FO
diversity and a dynamic economical and aesthetic climate. South Florida
Description: Private, liberal arts college had a recent full-time coedu-
100
is a major center of higher education and stands at the forefront of
cational enrollment of 2,317 men and women. A faculty of 227 gives a
For
international trading, finance and banking, as well as tourism and a
faculty-student radio of 1-24. The college is controlled by the United
developing high technology industry. Miami International Airport is
Methodist Church and accredited by the Southern Association of Col-
me
served by more airlines than any other in the country. One of the most
leges and Schools. The college was founded in 1885. Army ROTC is
pri
culturally diverse cities in America, Miami has many distinctive neigh-
available to both men and women. The early semester system is used and
of
borhoods. Both visual and performing arts thrive in Miami. The new
2 summer sessions are offered, as well as May optional (held in England)
col
Metro-Dade Cultural Complex in downtown Miami houses the main
and winter Mini-mester option.
Library, the Museum of South Florida, and the Center for the Fine Arts.
Entrance Requirements: High school graduation with a minimum C
A wealth of galleries, libraries, and theaters are valuable resources. The
average and 18 units, including 4 English and 3 Mathematics, 2 Science,
sc)
greater Miami area also hosts many sports events and offers recreation
2 Foreign Language and 2 Social Science; non-high school applicants
activities such as fishing, boating, scuba diving, wind surfing, snorkeling,
considered; early admission, rolling admission and advanced placement
$2
swimming, and deep-sea fishing.
plans available; $20 application fee.
Costs per Year: $5,100 tuition; $3,400 room and board; fees $400.
FLORIDA KEYS COMMUNITY COLLEGE (R-9)
Collegiate Environment: the campus, located on a beautiful lake, is
an
5901 W. Junior College Road
near the exact geographical center of Florida. The college is known for
Key West, Florida 33040
(305) 296-9081
having the world's largest collection of Frank Lloyd Wright buildings.
Description: The public-controlled community college is accredited by
The library contains 190,000 volumes. The Panhellenic building houses
the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. The college was au-
six of the chapters of national sororities at Florida Southern; total dormi-
thorized in 1963 and moved to Stock Island in 1968. Recent enrollment
tory capacity is 750 men and 787 women.
included 271 full-time and 1,291 part-time students. A faculty of 33
Community Environment: Lakeland is located in the geographical
G
full-time, 41 part-time gives a faculty-student ratio of 1-19. The trimes-
center of Florida, 35 miles East of Tampa, 50 miles west of Miami, 100
52
ter system is used in conjunction with two eight-week summer sessions.
miles from the Atlantic Ocean, 35 miles from Disney World and 60 miles
Pa
The college grants the Certificate and the Associate degree. Special
from the Gulf of Mexico. The Seaboard Coast Line Railroad serves the
programs include: continuing education, cooperative education. Nurs-
area. The "World's Citrus Center" is the permanent spring training
ing, Marine Propulsion, Small Business Management, Computer
headquarters of the Detroit Tigers. Excellent shopping facilities in the
1-
Science.
city; a million dollar civic center, concert association, and little theatre
Entrance Requirements: High school graduation or equivalent; open
are part of the lively community. Recreational facilities include 12 lakes
of
enrollment policy; non-high school graduates considered; early admis-
within the city for excellent fishing, golf courses, boating, hiking, and
its
sion, and advanced placement plans available. $15 application fee.
waterskiing. The annual Orange Cup Regatta Hydroplane Race is held
the weekend closest to February first.
Costs per Year: $540 tuition; $1,170 out-of-state tuition; additional
expenses average $250.
Collegiate Environment: The campus has five buildings on 126 acres.
FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY (B-3)
The library contains 23,320 volumes, 300 pamphlets, 271 periodicals,
T
216 B WJB
9,419 microforms and 5,412 audio visual materials. All students applying
Tallahassee, Florida 32303
(904) 644-6200
for admission are accepted including midyear students. Financial aid is
available and 25% of the current student body receives financial assis-
Description: The state university is accredited by the Southern As-
b.
sociation of Colleges and Schools and numerous professional organiza-
tance.
tions. The university was authorized in 1851; it is one of Florida's oldest
Community Environment: Key West is the southernmost city in the
universities. Recent enrollment included 8,323 men, 9,450 women full-
continental United States; a tropical island 157 miles southwest of Miami
time, 998 men, 1,028 women part-time; with a faculty of 1,247 full-time,
IT
with an Old-World atmosphere; a blend of Cuban, West Indian, and
187 part-time. The faculty-student ratio is 1-18. The semester system is
b
Bahamian lore. Climate is warm with low humidity; air is almost pollen
used with two summer sessions. Army, Navy and Air Force RÓTC are
free; rich and colorful history is retained in a thriving modern city. All
available as electives. The college grants the Bachelor's, Master's, Ad-
126
LA226
684
1990
WH
The 1990 GIS® ® Guide
to Four-Year Colleges
Based on the Guidance Information System TM
11
By the Editors of the Guidance Information System
Pedro Arango and Dwight Hatcher, Consultants
Software Division / Trade and Reference Division
HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY
Boston
1989
FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY
service organizations, student government, college-operated
SELECTIVITY: Selective. 1,154 of 2,379 accepted; 685 enrolled
Florida Southern College
TV station
Mean SAT-verbal, math: 501, 560
SPORTS: NCAA Division II, INTERCOLLEGIATE ATHLETIC PROGRAMS
ACT composite: 23
111 Lake Hollingsworth Drive
FOR MEN, baseball, golf, soccer, tennis, INTERCOLLEGIATE ATHLETIC
Freshman profile: More than 50% of freshmen from top 10%
Lakeland, FL 33801
PROGRAMS FOR WOMEN, basketball, golf, swimming, tennis, vol-
of HS class; 85% returned for second year
813 680-4131
leyball, INTRAMURAL ATHLETIC PROGRAMS
Graduates: 27% of graduates pursue advanced degrees
Liberal arts college
Student/faculty ratio: 13:1
1885
Full-time faculty: 552
Private control
ADMISSIONS: Application deadline-4/1; SAT or ACT re-
Religious affiliation-Methodist
Florida Institute of Technology
quired; early admission for qualified 11th graders; credit may
Coeducational
be given for college-level work in HS; transfer credit given
150 West University Boulevard
for previous college work; CLEP; freshmen admitted other
TUITION/FEES 1989-90: $5,600
Melbourne, FL 32901
than in the fall; transfer students admitted
ROOM/BOARD 1989-90: $3,660
407 768-8030 or 800 352-8324
MAJOR PROGRAMS OF STUDY: ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRON-
FINANCIAL AID: 30% of students receive aid; average award
University
MENTAL DESIGN, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT,
$4,210
1958
COMMUNICATIONS, COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCES, EDUCA-
STUDENT BODY: 1,765 (undergrad)-825 men, 940 women; 85
Private control
TION: CERTIFICATION PROGRAMS, EDUCATION MAJORS, ENGINEERING
(grad)
No religious affiliation
AND INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGIES, FINE AND APPLIED ARTS, FOREIGN
CALENDAR PLAN: Semester, summer session available
Coeducational
LANGUAGES, HEALTH SCIENCES AND STUDIES, HOME ECONOMICS, LET-
SELECTIVITY: Selective
TERS (HUMANITIES), MATHEMATICS, PSYCHOLOGY, PUBLIC AFFAIRS AND
Mean SAT-verbal, math: 478, 497
TUITION/FEES 1989-90: $6,966
SERVICES, SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES
ACT composite: 21
ROOM/BOARD 1989-90: $3,141
SPECIAL PROGRAMS, SERVICES, AND RESOURCES: courses
Freshman profile: Up to 25% of freshmen from top 10% of HS
FINANCIAL AID: 70% of students receive aid; average award
at other colleges, pass/fail grade option, continuing educa-
class; 80% returned for second year
tion/enrichment courses, counseling, study abroad, foreign-
$4,000
Graduates: 40% of graduates pursue advanced degrees
STUDENT BODY: 3,004 (undergrad)-2,285 men, 719 women;
student advisers, courses in English as a foreign language,
Student/faculty ratio: 17:1
3,296 (grad)
program(s) for the hearing-impaired, sign-language inter-
Full-time faculty: 100
CALENDAR PLAN: Quarter, summer session available
preter, services for the blind, Braille materials, special pro-
ADMISSIONS: Application deadline-8/1; SAT or ACT re-
SELECTIVITY: Highly selective. 1,550 of 2,200 accepted; 715
grams for the learning-disabled, Air Force ROTC, Army ROTC
quired; early admission for qualified 11th graders; credit may
enrolled
FINANCIAL AID SOURCES: CWS, Pell, SEOG, GSL, CEP, vet-
be given for college-level work in HS; transfer credit given
Mean SAT-verbal, math: 490, 590
erans training (Title 38), scholarships specifically for minority
for previous college work; CLEP; freshmen admitted other
ACT composite: 25
students, athletic scholarships for men, athletic scholarships
than in the fall; transfer students admitted
Freshman profile: Up to 25% of freshmen from top 10% of HS
for women, off-campus employment assistance for students
MAJOR PROGRAMS OF STUDY: AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RE-
class; 80% returned for second year
RESIDENTIAL LIFE: coed residence halls, freshmen allowed
SOURCES, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT, CoM-
Graduates: 30% of graduates pursue advanced degrees
cars, vegetarian meals on campus, public transportation to/
MUNICATIONS, COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCES, EDUCATION:
Student/faculty ratio: 18:1
from campus, off-campus housing, day-care facilities on or
CERTIFICATION PROGRAMS, EDUCATION MAJORS, ENGINEERING AND
Full-time faculty: 220
INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGIES, FINE AND APPLIED ARTS, FOREIGN LAN-
near campus
ADMISSIONS: Application deadline-6/1; SAT or ACT re-
CAMPUS ACTIVITIES: band, campus publications, cheerlead-
GUAGES, LETTERS (HUMANITIES), MATHEMATICS, PRE-PROFESSIONAL
quired; early admission for qualified 11th graders; credit may
ing, choral groups, drama, modern dance, orchestra, political
PROGRAM ADVISERS FOR COURSE SELECTION, PSYCHOLOGY, PUBLIC
be given for college-level work in HS; transfer credit given
organizations, college-operated radio station, religious orga-
AFFAIRS AND SERVICES, RECREATION, SOCIAL SCIENCES, THEOLOGY,
for previous college work; CLEP; freshmen admitted other
nizations, social service organizations, student government
INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES
than in the fall; transfer students admitted; early decision
SPORTS: NCAA Division II, Men's Baseball I, Women's Golf
SPECIAL PROGRAMS, SERVICES, AND RESOURCES: pass/fail
plan
I, INTERCOLLEGIATE ATHLETIC PROGRAMS FOR MEN, baseball, bas-
grade option, remedial math and/or English, counseling, study
MAJOR PROGRAMS OF STUDY: BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, BUSINESS
ketball, cross-country, golf, soccer, tennis, INTERCOLLEGIATE
abroad, Army ROTC
AND MANAGEMENT, COMMUNICATIONS, COMPUTER AND INFORMATION
ATHLETIC PROGRAMS FOR WOMEN, basketball, cross-country, golf,
FINANCIAL AID SOURCES: CWS, Pell, SEOG, GSL, athletic
SCIENCES, EDUCATION MAJORS, ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL TECH-
soccer, tennis, volleyball, INTRAMURAL ATHLETIC PROGRAMS
scholarships for men, athletic scholarships for women
NOLOGIES, LETTERS (HUMANITIES), MATHEMATICS, PRE-PROFESSIONAL
RESIDENTIAL LIFE: majority of students reside on campus,
PROGRAM ADVISERS FOR COURSE SELECTION, PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL
all-male residence halls, all-female residence halls, freshmen
SCIENCES
required to live on campus, freshmen allowed cars, public
SPECIAL PROGRAMS, SERVICES, AND RESOURCES: remedial
Florida Memorial College
transportation to/from campus
math and/or English, continuing education/enrichment
CAMPUS ACTIVITIES: band, campus publications, cheerlead-
courses, counseling, foreign-student advisers, courses in En-
15800 Northwest 42nd Avenue
ing, choral groups, drama, orchestra, outing club, political
glish as a foreign language, Army ROTC
FINANCIAL AID SOURCES: CWS, Pell, SEOG, GSL, CEP, vet-
Miami, FL 33054
organizations, religious organizations, social service organi-
305 625-4141
zations, student government
erans training (Title 38), scholarships specifically for minority
Liberal arts college
SPORTS: NCAA Division II, INTERCOLLEGIATE ATHLETIC PROGRAMS
students, athletic scholarships for men, athletic scholarships
for women, off-campus employment assistance for students
Private control
FOR MEN, baseball, basketball, cross-country, golf, soccer,
RESIDENTIAL LIFE: majority of students reside on campus,
Religious affiliation-Baptist
water skiing, INTERCOLLEGIATE ATHLETIC PROGRAMS FOR WOMEN,
all-male residence halls, all-female residence halls, coed res-
Coeducational
basketball, cross-country, softball, tennis, volleyball, water
idence halls, freshmen required to live on campus, freshmen
skiing, INTRAMURAL ATHLETIC PROGRAMS
allowed cars, foreign-language residence halls, off-campus
TUITION/FEES 1989-90: $4,100
housing
ROOM/BOARD 1989-90: $1,460
CAMPUS ACTIVITIES: campus publications, cheerleading,
STUDENT BODY: 1,750 (undergrad)
drama, outing club, political organizations, college-operated
CALENDAR PLAN: Semester, summer session available
radio station, religious organizations, social service organi-
SELECTIVITY: Least selective
Florida State University
zations, student government
Mean SAT-verbal, math: Not reported
SPORTS: NCAA Division II, INTERCOLLEGIATE ATHLETIC PROGRAMS
ACT composite: Not reported
Tallahassee, FL 32306
FOR MEN, baseball, basketball, crew, cross-country, soccer,
Freshman profile: Data on high school rank not reported
904 644-6200
tennis, INTERCOLLEGIATE ATHLETIC PROGRAMS FOR WOMEN, basket-
ADMISSIONS: Application deadline-6/15; no tests required;
University
ball, crew, cross-country, softball, tennis, volleyball, INTRA-
transfer credit given for previous college work; transfer stu-
1857
MURAL ATHLETIC PROGRAMS
dents admitted
Public control
MAJOR PROGRAMS OF STUDY: BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, BUSINESS
No religious affiliation
AND MANAGEMENT, COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCES, EDUCA-
Coeducational
TION: CERTIFICATION PROGRAMS, EDUCATION MAJORS, HEALTH Sci-
Florida International University
ENCES AND STUDIES, LETTERS (HUMANITIES), MATHEMATICS, PUBLIC
TUITION/FEES 1988-89: $1,100 ($3,589 out-of-state)
AFFAIRS AND SERVICES, SOCIAL SCIENCES, THEOLOGY
ROOM/BOARD 1988-89: $2,800
Tamiami Trail
SPECIAL PROGRAMS, SERVICES, AND RESOURCES: remedial
FINANCIAL AID: 60% of students receive aid; average award
Miami, FL 33199
math and/or English, counseling, foreign-student advisers, Air
$2,236
305 554-2363
Force ROTC
STUDENT COMMENT ON LOCALE: Located in the heart of
University
FINANCIAL AID SOURCES: CWS, Pell, SEOG, GSL, CEP, vet-
Tallahassee, Florida State is a short walk from the capital
1965
erans training (Title 38), off-campus employment assistance
area. Known as one of the most beautiful campuses in the
Public control
for students
Southeast, FSU is nestled in rolling hills with numerous large
No religious affiliation
RESIDENTIAL LIFE: all-male residence halls, all-female resi-
trees and green areas. Springtime is especially beautiful on
Coeducational
dence halls, coed residence halls, freshmen allowed cars
campus, with a large number of blooming trees and shrubs.
TUITION/FEES 1988-89: $1,104 ($3,657 out-of-state)
CAMPUS ACTIVITIES: campus publications, cheerleading,
STUDENT BODY: 19,799 (undergrad)-9,321 men, 10,478
ROOM/BOARD 1988-89: $4,000
choral groups, debating, drama, modern dance, political or-
women; 4,084 (grad)
ganizations, college-operated radio station, social service or-
CALENDAR PLAN: Semester, summer session available
FINANCIAL AID: 49% of students receive aid; average award
ganizations, student government
SELECTIVITY: Selective. 7,937 of 13,384 accepted; 3,284 en-
$2,458
STUDENT BODY: 13,560 (undergrad)-6,125 men, 7,435
SPORTS: NAIA, INTERCOLLEGIATE ATHLETIC PROGRAMS FOR MEN,
rolled
baseball, basketball, track and field, INTRAMURAL ATHLETIC PRO-
Mean SAT-verbal, math: Not reported
women; 3,059 (grad)
CALENDAR PLAN: Semester, summer session available
GRAMS
ACT composite: 23
143
American
Universities
and
Colleges
Thirteenth Edition
Produced in Collaboration with the
American Council on Education
W
DE
G
Walter de Gruyter New York Berlin
sity
Florida Memorial College
FLORIDA 381
WFIT-FM broadcasts 126 hours per week. Surrounding community:
tal examinations, College Board CLEP. Grading system: A-F; credit-
Melbourne population 49,600. Orlando, 65 miles from campus, is nearest
noncredit; withdraw.
metropolitan area. Served by mass transit bus system; airport 2 miles from
Distinctive Educational Programs. For undergraduates: Cooperative
campus.
education. Accelerated degree programs. External degree programs
For
Library Collections. 168,589 volumes. 486,000 microforms; 1,369
through State University System. Interdisciplinary program in environ-
nly
current periodical subscriptions.
mental studies; interdisciplinary major. Available to all students: Weekend
Most important holdings include Aerospace Collection (500 volumes,
and evening classes. Other distinctive programs: Division of Centers and
including some autographed editions); Medaris Collection (personal
Institutes providing cultural programs, training sessions, and conferences
papers, memorabilia of Major General John B. Medaris, an important
on race relations, youth projects, women's research, sexism, labor
figure in space program development). Library is depository for U.S.
research. Division of Latin Affairs providing bilingual and consumer
on
government documents.
education. Nondegree credit courses for professional nurses. Faculty
Finances, Fiscal Year 1986. $35,078,557 total current funds revenues,
Scholars Program allowing graduates of secondary school to enroll in the
30
all
including $24,711,888 from student tuition and fees; $564,306 unrestrict-
upper division program. Joint Center for Environmental and Urban
ed private gifts, grants, and contracts, $270,152 restricted; $1,072,662
Problems established with Florida Atlantic University. International
me
endowment income; $3,267,995 auxiliary enterprises.
Institute for Housing and Building. Consumer Affairs Institute sponsored
$34,637,392 total current funds expenditures and mandatory transfers,
jointly with University of Miami. International Affairs Center providing
including $31,731,451 for total education and general expenditures and
research, development, and joint programs in international education,
mandatory transfers ($14,547,636 instruction; $2,928,425 research;
research, and training. Continuing education.
$543,367 academic support for libraries; $2,631,702 operation and
ROTC. Army, Air Force in cooperation with University of Miami.
ith
maintenance of plant; $2,267,273 scholarships and fellowships) and
Degrees Conferred, 1985-1986. 1,806 baccalaureate (B), 285 master's
$3,064,813 auxiliary enterprises.
(M): architecture and environmental design 14 (B); biological sciences 16
Buildings and Grounds. Campus area 171 acres. New buildings: Evans
(B); business and management 571 (B), 91 (M); communications 35 (B);
on
Library (houses an academic computing center, a software library, and an
computer and information sciences 175 (B), 4 (M); education 120 (B), 111
audio-visual distribution center).
(M); engineering 213 (B), 3 (M); fine and applied arts 31 (B); foreign
Chief Executive Officer. President John Miller.
languages 11 (M); health professions 173 (B), 16 (M); home economics 48
23
Undergraduates address admission inquiries to Director of Undergradu-
(B), 4 (M); letters 49 (B); mathematics 8 (B), 1 (M); physical sciences 20
ate Admissions Jacklyn S. Wilson.
(B), psychology 58 (B); public affairs and services 104 (B), 52 (M); social
sciences 143 (B), 3 (M); theology 7 (B); interdisciplinary studies 6 (B).
66
Fees and Other Expenses. Full-time tuition per academic year 1985-86:
2
Florida International University
undergraduate in-state residents $904, out-of-state $2,854; graduate
resident $1,129, out-of-state $3,289. Room per academic year: $2,025.
Financial Aid, 1985-1986. Aid from institutionally generated funds is
05
Tamiami Trail
awarded on the basis of academic merit, financial need, athletic ability.
or
Miami, Florida 33199
Tel: (305) 554-2000
Departments and Teaching Staff. Total instructional faculty: 516. Total
tenured faculty: 183.
Characteristics of Institution. Florida International University is a state
Enrollment, Fall 1986. (1985) Total enrollment 16,966. Full-time 6,542,
is
institution with a branch campus in north Miami, 30 miles away from main
part-time 10,424.
id
institution. The institution provides primarily upper division and graduate
Characteristics of Student Body. (1985) Ethnic/racial makeup: Black
study.* Enrollment: 7,798 men / 9,168 women. Degrees awarded:
non-Hispanic 1,307, American Indian or Alaskan native 14, Asian or
Baccalaureate, master's. Certificates also given.
Pacific Islander 344, Hispanic 5,965, White non-Hispanic 7,383.
Academic offerings subject to approval by statewide coordinating
Foreign Students, 1986. 1,103 nonresident aliens enrolled 1985.
bodies. Budget subject to approval by state governing boards. Member of
Programs available to aid students whose native language is not English:
Southeast Florida Educational Consortium.
Intensive English. Financial aid available specifically designated for
Accreditation. Regional: SACS-Comm. on Coll. Professional: Dietetics,
foreign students.
d
medical record administration, medical technology, occupational therapy,
Student Life. No on-campus housing. Intercollegiate athletics: men only:
physical therapy, social work.
baseball, basketball, cross-country golf, soccer, tennis; women only:
History. Established and chartered 1965; adopted present name 1969;
basketball, cross-country, golf, softball, tennis, volleyball. Special regula-
in
offered first instruction at postsecondary level 1972; awarded first degree
tions: Cars permitted; $1.25 parking fee. Special services: Learning
(baccalaureate) 1973; initiated limited lower division program 1981. See
Resources Center, medical services, shuttle bus between main and north
Rafe Gibbs, Visibility Unlimited (Miami: Florida International University
campuses. Student publications: An international magazine, a newspaper, a
Foundations, Inc., 1976) for further information.
student handbook, and a yearbook. Surrounding community: Miami 1980
Institutional Structure. Governing board: Florida Board of Regents.
population 346,931. Served by airport 5 miles from campus; passenger rail
Representation: 13 members, including 1 student (appointed by governor
service.
of Florida) and commissioner of education. All voting. Composition of
Publications. Caribbean Review (quarterly) first published 1978.
institution: Administrators 41 men / 12 women. Academic affairs headed
Library Collections. 466,750 volumes. 1,041,217 microforms; 55,854
n
by vice president for academic affairs. Management/business/finances
audiovisual materials; 4,504 current periodicals.
directed by vice president for administrative affairs. Full-time instructional
Most important holdings include International Collection; Latin
faculty 516. Academic governance body, University Academic Council,
American-Caribbean Collection; Narot Collection.
meets an average of 12 times per year. Faculty representation: Faculty
Finances, Fiscal Year 1986. $71,148,181 total current funds revenues.
served by collective bargaining agent affiliated with AFT.
$69,843,707 total current funds expenditures and mandatory transfers.
9
Calendar. Semesters. 1986-87 academic year Aug. to Apr. Students
admitted Aug., Jan., May, June. Degrees conferred Apr., June, Aug., Dec.
Buildings and Grounds. Campus area 539 acres. Book value of buildings,
Formal commencement Apr. 1987 summer session of 2 terms from early
grounds, equipment $89,215,012.
May to mid-Aug.
Chief Executive Officer. Address all admission inquiries to Director of
Admission. Rolling admissions plan. Requirements: Either associate
Admissions.
degree or 60 semester hours from accredited institution with general
*Exhibit compiled from HEGIS and college catalog data.
education course work. Minimum grade average B; minimum socres 1000
SAT or 21 ACT. Entrance tests: For foreign students TOEFL. For transfer
y
students: 2.0 minimum GPA; from 4-year accredited institution 135
quarter hours maximum transfer credit; from 2-year accredited institution
Florida Memorial College
90 hours.
d
College credit for extrainstitutional learning (life experience) on basis
15800 Northwest Forty-second Avenue
1
ACE Military Guide, portfolio and faculty assessments.
Miami, Florida 33054
Tutoring available. Developmental/remedial courses offered.
Tel: (305) 625-4141
Degree Requirements. 120 quarter hours; 2.0 GPA; 2 terms in residence.
a
Fulfillment of some degree requirements possible by passing departmen-
Characteristics of Institution. Florida Memorial College is a private
FLORIDA NEWS, 4B
LOCAL
SECTION
FRIDAY,
B
DEATHS, 3B
APRIL 17, 1992
The Miami Herald
F
Bush makes FIU rites a hot ticket
GRADUATION SCHEDULES, 3B
FIU administrators are trying to handle
By KIMBERLY CROCKETT
The president is the first to speak at a Florida state
the added complications of a presidential
Herald Staff Writer
university while serving in the Oval Office.
visit - the demands of White House
Dade County's hot tickets?
staff, Secret Service and the national press
ROBERT L. STEINBACK
The Dolphins on a winning streak. The
corps - without upstaging the graduates
Lipton finals. The Heat in the playoff
office. Students are scurrying to beg, bor-
and honorary degree recipients, Morgan
ulty, students and proud parents, Bush is
said.
chase.
row or buy additional tickets for the 2
luring some luminaries. Normally, one
Orlando's view
But Florida International University's
p.m. event at Miami Beach Convention
Some details remain classified, such as
member of the state Board of Regents
graduation?
Center.
security and travel arrangements.
attends FIU's graduation. This year, six
Others are non-negotiable, such as a
of police force
Since President Bush signed up to
"Before, if you didn't have tickets, you
have signed up so far - as has Charles
speak at FIU's April 27 commencement,
could get in. Now it's going to be impossi-
specific musical arrangement of Hail to
Reed, the chancellor of the state univer-
tickets have become as rare as sleep dur-
ble," said Yanira Bermudez, a graduating
the Chief and the required "White House
sity system.
unlike Dade's
ing finals.
FIU biology major at the University Park
blue" bunting, which must hang behind
Many last-minute pleas from alumni,
the president.
FIU administrators expect record
campus. "I need 12 tickets. My family is
boosters, staff and community folks are
Is it worth it?
attendance for this commencement, the
coming from Canada. I am willing to pay
f a police officer in Miami
being rejected, said Michael Morgan, vice
$5 to $10 a ticket.'
"It's a public relations coup," Morgan
I
first delivered by a president at a state uni-
shoots a civilian unnecessar-
president of university relations and
versity in Florida while he is serving in
In addition to the usual crowd of fac-
said. "Millions will read about FIU who-
development.
ily, he or she could be
never heard of it before."
with
NEED 12 TICKETS
McGroarty/Bunton
April 22, 1992
1:00 P.M.
[FIU]
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
MIAMI, FLORIDA
APRIL 27, 1992
2:00 P.M.
[Introductory acknowledgements, including Congresswoman
Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, FIU alumnus.] I know today's commencement
is one of the hottest tickets in town. President Maidique told
me about one graduate, Yanira Bermudez, who needed a dozen
Miami Herald
tickets for family members who came all the way from Canada. [[
4-17-92
You can imagine how pleased I am to receive this honorary degree.
I knew I'd be guaranteed a seat. // ]]
I'm honored to be part of this great occasion. Today's
ceremony marks more than a graduation. This commencement is a
coming of age: 20 years ago, Miami didn't have a public
university. Today, Florida International is not simply a fixture
Frommecutive Mike FIU Morgan Summary
in the intellectual and economic life of this thriving city -- it
is one of the 50 largest universities in the United States.
[[ I can tell you this: They won't be asking F.I.-who?
Execution summary the
4
anymore. ]]
old
[
You've come a long way from the early days 20 years ago --
?
holding class in the rusty hangars out at old Tamiami airport.
tower
The progress you've made stands as testimony to the power of your
dream -- and your determination to make it real.
Let me speak for a moment about the secret of your success.
Florida International has blazed its own path. Many of your
2
students are a little older, a little more experienced. You're a
little more likely to combine work and study -- family life with
college life. Because of that, you're a little less likely to
treat your university years as an ivory tower exercise -- and
more an extension of the every-day world around us.
All of those factors keep this university close to the
community it serves -- and all of those factos make FIU a force
in shaping South Florida's furtunes in the new century ahead.
Even now, each day brings new changes: new nations, new
realities -- new hopes and new horizons. [[Back in my day,
opportunity knocked. Now -- your pager beeps.]] But it's not so
much technology and science that we marvel at -- but the
startling pace of political change.
The democratic renaissance in Central and Eastern Europe --
the blossoming of democracy here in our own hemisphere -- the end
of the Cold War and collapse of imperial communism -- all would
be unimaginable in a world where America turned inward, away from
the challenges of a new world. //
The changes in the world beyond our shores have real impact
right here at home. In the new world you'll call your own --
your children won't waken to the nuclear nightmare that played in
the corners of your mind.
But change brings new challenges: We've put an end to a
long era of military confrontation -- and entered a new age of
economic competition. Yes, dictators have given way to democracy
-- and yet dangers remain. //
3
Here in Miami, I know the great gains for democracy we've
seen in the world have a bittersweet edge. Each triumph for
freedom -- each victory for the people from Moscow to Managua --
calls attention to the one island where communism continues to
hold sway.
I cannot imagine the anguish so many of you or your family
members must have felt at the cruel choice between the land of
your birth and the love of freedom. I share the dreams you have
of a democratic Cuba. //
That day will come. The fact that dictators cling to power
is a fact that will soon become a footnote. We are witnessing
the collapse of the communist idea -- the demise of the crippling
concept of the all-powerful State.
There are many reasons for this collapse. But in the end,
one fact alone explains what we see today: Its advocates saw the
triumph of communism written in the laws of history. They failed
to see the love of freedom written in the human heart.
(coban)
I know there's Spanish saying about the Castro regime that
is true in any language: "En las novientas, se revienta." "In
LA 4-6-925
the 90s, it will fall. // Freedom will come to Cuba.
"Can
check revienta = explode
translation
But the change we see doesn't stop at America's doorstep.
Here at home, we've got to ask: How can we open the doors of
opportunity to every American?
Our challenge -- our new American destiny -- is to give the
American Dream room to grow.
4
To make that destiny our own, we must advance American
ideals -- help the communism's old captive nations take their
place among the world's democracies.
We must advance America's economic interests -- meet the
competitive challenge of a new world economy.
Here in Miami, we see this new American economic reality in
microcosm. This city is the hub, the economic gateway to the
Americas. 45 percent -- nearly half of all U.S. trade with Latin
Carmen
America -- passes through the Miami area. That translates into
Leunetta
Miani Port
35,000 jobs in the Miami area alone tied to trade. / Here's
Director
what that means for the graduates here today: Your standard of
living -- your opportunities --- your future are certain to be
influenced by the world beyond our shores.
I know there are some who see a different future. People
who want to sound the retreat -- run from the new realities, seek
refuge in a dream world of economic isolationism.
Those voices have nothing to say to this Nation. There is
no turning back -- no hiding from the new reality. We have no
choice but to compete. The new reality of our new world economy
is simply this: to succeed economically at home, we've got to
lead economically abroad. //
Finally, if we want to make a new American destiny our own,
we've got to bridge the gap between
....
I know there's a discontent -- a deepening cynicism about
the way things work, or fail to work, in Washington. A doubt
about one person's ability to change, really change the system.
5
But the story doesn't end here. Because in spite of the
cynicism, we see positive signs -- a new ethic of responsibility
alive in America. We see it all around us: individuals taking
responsibility, individuals taking action.
People have had it with the "no-fault" lifestyle. In their
private lives, they know: actions have consequences. What they
want is a government whose policies and programs recognize that
people are responsible for their actions -- and that government
is responsible to the people.
If you think about it, that's nothing more than a working
definition of democracy.
Many of you would stop to pick up a piece of litter in the
street -- because when it comes to the environment, you believe
one individual's actions can make a difference. But when it
comes to self-government, you're not so certain: you've come to
doubt that one vote counts.
That's wrong. And that's going to change. // We've got to
bring the ethic of responsibility back into government. When we
do, we'll see the sense of public trust return to politics.
We'll see a public life that reflects the real values of this
great nation: proud, confident, caring and strong.
That's my mission as President. It's our challenge as a
nation. The way we do it is through reform.
We start with five key issues -- five issues at the heart of
my reform agenda: First, the issue I mentioned a moment ago --
we've got to keep pushing for free and fair trade -- to break
6
down barriers, open new markets to American goods. Second, we've
got to fight for legal reform -- to end the explosion of
litigation that strains our patience and saps our economy.
Third, we've got to reform this country's health care system --
open up access to all Americans, control the run-away cost of
health care, without sacrificing choice and quality. Fourth,
we've got to a revolution in American education -- community by
community, to make our children's schools the
Fifth and
? reversed
finally, we've got to government reform -- because only if we
reverse a generation of creeping bureaucracy, only if we restore
limits to government, can we restore public trust.
Each reform is essential. And each reform will succeed --
so long as we draw on the strengths that got each of you here
today. As a society, as a nation, we stand to gain from your
skills and training. Your insight and your energy. But the most
precious resource of all is this: your optimism.
And there is still plenty of optimism is the American
character. Let me take someone many of you will know -- a senior
Sylvia
Dannek
named Sylvia Daniels. She took her first class at FIU 15 years
bio
ago -- and she graduates today at the age of 77. {Her plans for
FIV
media Relations }
the future
Dan kalmanson
We see it in Jose Marrero -- Miami born, lived in Colombia:
marrerol
Today Jose becomes the first in his family to graduate from
R.O
college -- and he's done it at the age of 19. //
We see it in Jorge Castro: Born here in Miami but raised in
Mexico. Jorge has worked 60 hour weeks as a bank teller to put
Castro bio 2. form
Dan Kalmanson
FIV Media Waters
Jorge Castro Resume
7
himself through school -- made the Dean's List, and still found
time to volunteer at a local school. His next stop: Harvard BCO
from
University, for a master's degree in education.
Dan Kalmanson
So when I hear that in America, you can't get ahead, I say:
FIU
made
tell it to Jorge Castro.
relative
When I hear that in America, our kids are in crisis, I say:
tell it to Jose Marrero.
When I hear that in America, our best days are behind us, I
say: Tell it to Sylvia Daniels.
Here's what I know: America's best days always lie ahead.
As President, I've made it my mission to preserve and
advance three legacies close to all our hearts: a world at
peace. An economy with good jobs -- real opportunity for all
Americans. A nation of strong families - -- sturdy values of
character and culture. //
To make this destiny our own, we've got to be part of a
larger movement. As parents, as citizens, as members of the
communities we call home -- we must rekindle a revolution -- a
revolution to bring change to the country that's changed the
world. //
Thank you once again for this warm welcome -- and for
inviting me to share this special day with you, your families and
friends. May God bless the United States of America -- and the
Class of 1992.
# # #
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2
3RD STORY of Level 1 printed in FULL format.
Copyright 1992 The Times Mirror Company
Los Angeles Times
April 6, 1992, Monday, Home Edition
SECTION: Part A; Page 1; Column 1; Foreign Desk
LENGTH: 3578 words
HEADLINE: COLUMN ONE;
CAN CASTRO WEATHER STORM?;
EXILED CAPITALISTS AND OPPONENTS OF CUBAN LEADER MANEUVER FOR POWER AND
INFLUENCE. BUT THE SOCIAL WELFARE SYSTEM IS DEEPLY EMBEDDED AS IS A LEGACY OF
INTOLERANCE.
SERIES: FIRST OF TWO PARTS. Next: a post-Castro, morning-after scenario.
BYLINE: By RICHARD BOUDREAUX, TIMES STAFF WRITER
DATELINE: MIAMI
BODY:
Jorge Mas Canosa, a Cuban immigrant who made a fortune selling tractors and
stringing telephone cables in Florida, is peddling something new these days:
opportunities in a "free Cuba" after President Fidel Castro is gone.
For $10,000 a year, he tells business people, you can become a "director" of
his Cuban American National Foundation, which has drafted a new constitution for
the island and a 430-page blueprint for converting its economy from socialism to
consumerism.
"The pitch is basically that, 'We're writing a plan for the future of Cuba,
and if you grease our palm now, we'll take care of you later,' = said a Florida
vegetable grower hustled by Mas Canosa and his deputies at a cocktail party.
"They said all the land in Cuba is government-controlled and, naturally, they
were going to be the provisional government."
Mas Canosa, a combative, ambitious man of 52, is not the only one betting
that the Soviet Union's collapse will soon bring down Havana's Communist
revolution. Other anti-Castro politicians, capitalists and economic gurus are
maneuvering for power and influence in a post-Castro Cuba.
Nowhere is the anticipation more naked than in south Florida, where more than
600,000 Cuban exiles live, dream and conspire within 300 miles of the
motherland. Viewed from here, the economic crisis precipitated in Havana by the
loss of Soviet Bloc patronage makes the 65-year-old dictator a terminal case.
Cuban-Americans convinced that the end is near are selling their homes for
cash to start businesses in Cuba. Bay of Pigs veterans belonging to Alfa 66 and
other paramilitary bands are training in the Everglades, eager for a shot at
claiming a role in Castro's downfall.
Texaco, RJR Nabisco and 10 other U.S. firms have commissioned research on
Cuba by the University of Miami. Conferences on the post-Castro era are held in
Miami and in Caracas, Venezuela, with specialists on Russia, Eastern Europe
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Los Angeles Times, April 6, 1992
and Nicaragua imparting wisdom to Cuban exiles on how to manage a "transition."
But wait: Can't Castro confound them all and survive this crisis? If not, can
communism survive him? Who would take over? Will the future belong to those who
left Cuba and grew rich or those who stayed and endured? Can any new regime
overcome the Castro legacy of economic decay and political division?
While differing in their predictions, Cubans and Cuba watchers caution that
any leadership change provoked by the island's current crisis could be 50
chaotic, perhaps so bloody, as to wreck anyone's best-laid plans. And even after
the dust settles, they say, Cuba's strongest assets for an economic rebound --
the skill of its work force, the energy of its exiles, the proximity of the U.S.
market - could be devalued by its greatest liability: a history, predating
Castro, of intolerant, undemocratic behavior.
"The future of Cuba is not bright," said Jorge Dominguez, a Cuba scholar
teaching political science at Harvard University, "no matter who its rulers are
or what form the regime takes."
When the Berlin Wall came down in 1989, Cuban exiles coined a self-assuring
little rhyme: En el moventa, se revienta, In '90, it will explode. But 1990
passed and Cuba stayed intact, 50 the refrain was altered slightly: In the '90s,
it will explode.
Castro has defied such predictions, year after year, since seizing power in
1959. This crisis is his worst, but he has a plan to overcome it.
Cuba's economy, squeezed for three decades by a U.S. trade embargo, has
shrunk more than 25% since its trading partners in Eastern Europe abandoned
communism. Petroleum imports, nearly all from Russia, could fall this year to a
third of their 1989 level. As tractors run out of fuel, the harvest of sugar,
Cuba's chief export, is threatened. Consumer shortages are severe. Discontent is
widespread.
The Lid on Dissent
Yet there is no political upheaval. Castro's heavily policed one-party state
keeps a lid on dissent while trying to revive the economy with Western
investment and trade. Foreign companies eager to get into Cuba ahead of American
rivals if the embargo is ever lifted have signed 100 joint ventures in tourism,
biotechnology, construction, mining and food processing. Central planning is
being quietly relaxed in some export industries.
Andrew Zimbalist, a Smith College economist, likens the strategy to China's
and considers it viable. His forecast is optimistic for a Cuba watcher: The
economy will contract another 7% to 12% this year, then start expanding.
If the strategy works, Cuba could achieve economic independence under a less
rigid socialism and a triumphant Castro. But the end of the crisis could bring
new uncertainties. An economy more open to the West, for instance, might weaken
his Communist Party's long-term hold on power.
For now, Castro holds off political change by framing all debate about it as
a stark choice stacked in his favor: me or Miami. Cubans are warned that his
brightest achievements - health and education standards still among the
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Los Angeles Times, April 6, 1992
highest in Latin America will be trashed if counterrevolutionary exiles take
back the island.
"What land are they going to seize?" Castro asked in a recent speech. "What
are they going to do with the houses the revolution has given to the people? Are
they going to turn the child-care centers into brothels?"
Under the dictator's withering attacks, any blueprint brandished in Miami can
look like self-defeating prophecy. "Castro needs the stupidity of the exiles to
stay in power," said Frank Calzon, a Cuban-American at Freedom House in
Washington. "He needs us to keep declaring victory ahead of time."
If the crisis persists, it's hard enough to predict how long Castro might
cling to power. The real question -- what happens if the crisis defeats him? -
is inconceivable on an island where half the population is too young to remember
any other leader.
Public discussion of Castro's mortality is taboo in Cuba, except by the
president himself. Broaching the subject in a speech last month, he warned
against hope for radical change after he's gone. "One shouldn't make the mistake
of thinking the revolution is one man," he said.
Scenarios for Change
But many Cuba watchers doubt that the highly militarized, personalized and
socialized welfare state Castro created and so thoroughly dominates could long
survive him. What replaces it, they say, will depend on the circumstances of his
departure. They offer three scenarios:
* Castro dies, is assassinated, is incapacitated by illness or (least likely)
retires.
His uncharismatic 60-year-old brother and armed forces minister, Gen. Raul
Castro, is next in command. Cuban officials say privately, however, that a junta
would probably take over. Other likely members include Interior Minister
Abelardo Colome, 52, an army general who commands the police, and Carlos Aldana,
49, the Communist Party's chief of ideology.
This may be the best formula for fidelismo without Fidel. But are these men
able -- or even willing -- to resist pressure from party reformers and other
Cubans for rapprochement with the United States, competitive elections, a freer
market? "As long as Fidel is there, we don't know what the people around him are
really like," said RAND Corp. analyst Edward Gonzalez.
* Castro is ousted, along with his brother, by junior army officers and party
reformers in the midst of widespread food riots.
Younger officers are believed to harbor resentment over the 1989 firing-squad
execution of Gen. Arnaldo Ochoa, an Angola war hero, on what many considered
trumped-up drug-trafficking charges. Fear instilled by his demise might keep the
young officers from acting unilaterally, but civil disorder would offer a
pretext. If the mobs are big enough, Castro's support in the top army ranks and
the police could collapse.
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While paying lip service to revolutionary nationalism, the interim rulers
would move decisively away from communism. "In that scenario, you'd have a
tremendous backlash," said Mexican political scientist Jorge Castaneda.
"Everything from the past would be discredited."
The new regime, however, might be less clear in its commitment to early
elections. But unless it matches Castro's repression, non-Communist parties
could proliferate, with exiles returning to jump into the game.
*
Castro loses a civil war sparked by popular unrest that divides the armed
forces.
The longer the struggle, the less predictable the shape of the post-Castro
order ---- and the more likely it would degenerate into disorder. The United
States would face pressure from Cuban-Americans to intervene, to keep Communists
from coming out on top. Armed exiles might stage raids from Florida.
Even if the United States stays out, Castro's defenders would accuse it of
engineering his ouster and keep fighting. "This would excite the Cubans'
nationalistic instincts," said Georgetown University research scholar Gillian
Gunn. "You'd have the ingredients of a major, ongoing conflict."
However Castro leaves, a crucial decision for his successor will be how far
to open the door to Cuba's exiles -- and their capitalist dreams and political
ambitions.
Cuba stands to be reshaped by homecoming exiles more than any nation that has
already abandoned communism. More than a million Cubans live in exile, about
half of them in south Florida, and their total income far exceeds that of the 10
million people on the island.
The problem is that the Cubans with the most money to offer are the most
conflictive. Rich white Miami exiles, decades removed from an island many left
as children, tend to belittle Castro's accomplishments in education and health
and to brand those who stayed behind as chivatos, or informers, devoid of any
other talent.
Islanders have their own epithet for those exiles: gusanos, or maggots.
Privileged professionals fear losing their status. Blacks, who have gained
opportunities under Castro, fear a return to the more racist past.
"We saw in Kuwait that you had, even after a few months, this deep division
between those who stayed and those who left," said Wayne Smith, a former head of
the U.S. Interests Section in Havana. "In Cuba, it's been 30 years!"
According to a Florida International University survey, 90% of the Cubans
here would not return to live permanently in a post-Castro Cuba. But among the
other 10% are many, like Mas Canosa, with well-financed plans for "rebuilding"
the homeland.
Mas Canosa is controversial enough in Miami, where he once challenged a city
commissioner to a duel with pistols. Through Havana's propaganda prism, he is
more 50 -- the symbol of Cuba's Dickensian capitalist past, the devil to be
avoided in favor of "socialism or death," in the words of Castro's rallying cry.
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Like a mirror image of his archenemy, the exile leader paints Cuba's choices
as black or white.
"The current conditions prevent people on the island from planning a
post-Castro Cuba," he said in a speech last year. "We, the free Cubans, are
filling that void."
In an interview, Mas Canosa denied any ambition to form a provisional
government. But he said his foundation would back a candidate, possibly himself,
who favors rapid privatization.
"Our participation in the reconstruction of Cuba is subject to these people
holding elections," he said. If they choose capitalism, he added, exile money
will pour in, and "Havana will be an extension of Miami."
That kind of boast only magnifies his notoriety on the island, reminding
people of how thoroughly the United States dominated Cuba's pre-revolutionary
economy.
"Cubans would love to have what the exiles have -- stores full of clothes,
limousines, Coca-Cola -- but without their politics, without the Yankees," said
a Havana University student. "We want paradise without the serpent."
Sensitive to such sentiment, Mas Canosa's chief rival in exile politics,
Carlos Alberto Montaner and his Madrid-based Democratic Platform, have forged
ties to the island's pro-democracy movement, touting it as the alternative from
within. Montaner says he would back a movement leader Gustavo Arcos, a
human-rights activist, or Maria Elena Cruz, a poet now in prison - for
president.
But Castro's one-party system allows them little in the way of an organized
following or even name recognition at home.
Perhaps as important are the small, liberal exile groups and the growing
informal contacts between Miami's Cuban-American intellectuals and their Havana
counterparts, who can travel more freely these days.
"Moderates on both sides will play very important roles after Castro," said
Damien Fernandez, a political scientist at Florida International. "It's not
going to be two blocs fighting each other, but a multiplicity of groups. Some
will build bridges."
Looming Struggle
Underlying the tension between exiles and islanders is the looming struggle
over nationalized property that is certain to complicate any post-Castro
recovery.
A government taking over today would inherit an economy crippled by chronic
trade deficits and $30 billion in foreign debt. It would find 1 million Cubans
without electricity, Havana's famed harbor polluted like a sewer and its water
system near collapse. The Central Bank holds less than $100 million in reserves.
One engineer estimates that it would cost $4.5 billion just to fix Cuba's
failing telephones and buses.
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If the new rulers were agreeable to Washington, the U.S. embargo would end,
making Havana eligible for American aid and multilateral bank loans. Even then,
economists estimate, Cuba could not count on more than $500 million in aid and
$2 billion in loans. Who would provide the rest?
That's where Mas Canosa comes in. He proposes to auction 60% of Cuba's
nationalized assets to private investors. After consulting an expert team led by
Reaganomics guru Arthur B. Laffer, Mas Canosa contended that such an auction
could raise $15 billion in 15 months.
Critics of the plan call it politically unthinkable. "Doesn't (Mas Canosa)
realize that although Marxist ideology is dead, nationalism (in Cuba) is very
much alive?" asked Ernesto F. Betancourt, former head of Radio Marti, the
U.S.-sponsored station beamed at Cuba.
Nationalism, or fear of U.S. domination, is indeed one reason Castro
outlasted the Soviet-imposed regimes of Eastern Europe. It tempers all debate
among economists over how to apply in Cuba the technocratic lessons of
privatization learned from Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia.
But 50 far, the debates have produced no consensus. For example, Felipe
Pazos, who was Castro's first Central Bank president and is now an exile,
proposed more than a year ago that 70% of all state farms and factories be
divided among the workers, to limit foreign takeovers. His plan has been
assailed as unproven elsewhere, but it is still widely discussed.
Formidable Hurdles
Beyond the transition, any new government inheriting the current crisis would
face formidable economic and political hurdles.
It would confront the same riddle bedeviling Castro --- how to sustain one of
Latin America's most envied public welfare systems with the income of a
declining sugar industry.
Rather than break Cuba's dependence on sugar for 75% of the island's export
income, Castro switched from the U.S. market to the Soviet Union's. Now Russia's
huge price subsidies have collapsed, the spot market is depressed and Cuba's old
quota for preferential U.S. prices is divided among other countries.
"The reconstruction of Cuba cannot be centered on sugar," said Alvaro Carta,
an exiled Cuban sugar producer. "It is an industry of the past."
Tourism and nickel are promising alternatives. Ending the U.S. embargo would
reunite Cuba with American vacationers, igniting a tourist boom. Cuba has the
world's largest nickel reserves, but the island's Soviet-made nickel plant is
such a gas-guzzler that its products may be too costly for export.
Meanwhile, the bill for social services and pensions is mounting as Cuba's
well-cared-for population turns gray and the veterans of its African wars come
home. What leader could afford to cut their benefits? "The political cost of not
trying to keep them would be too high," admitted exile leader Montaner.
Some Cuba watchers believe that the Communist Party, even if ousted, could
survive in opposition by rallying Cubans to defend such popular Castro
LEXIS'NEXIS'LEXIS NEXIS
Services of Mead Data Central, Inc.
PAGE
8
Los Angeles Times, April 6, 1992
achievements as universal health care, near-full-employment and mass
participatory assemblies in neighborhoods and factories. The party encompasses
the military officer corps, which could resist efforts to trim the
386, 500-strong regular armed forces.
"A possible future for Cuba looks like (present-day) Nicaragua, where the
Sandinistas --- though a minority in the electorate -- are the largest single
political force, with continuing significant weight in the country," said
Harvard's Dominguez.
Recipe for Conflict
That might be a recipe for violent conflict on an island ruled by dictators
for most of its 90-year independence. But some Cuba watchers believe that
multi-party democracy can take root if enough training and institutional support
flow from the United States and Latin America.
One such optimist is Carl Gershman, president of the National Endowment for
Democracy, a Washington institute funded by Congress and run by a board of
leading Democrats and Republicans to assist political movements abroad. The
institute last year doubled its allotment for Cuban opposition groups, both on
the island and in exile, to $462, 132.
"I think Cuba will make it because I see it happening in a place as unlikely
as Romania," Gershman said.
Many Cuban exiles are skeptical - and not just because of antipathy on the
island. Miami has democracy, they note, and yet some exiles still practice
terrorism here to enforce far-right standards of political correctness.
A case in point is the campaign of death threats, bomb scares and vandalism
launched against the Miami Herald in January after Mas Canosa accused it of
"manipulating information just like Granma," Cuba's official newspaper. The
Herald opposes a congressional bill pushed by Mas Canosa's foundation to tighten
the U.S. embargo against Havana.
"The leaders of the Cuban community here have had 33 years to prove they
really believe in democracy, free expression and tolerance, and they haven't
done it," said Francisco Aruca, the Cuban-American owner of Miami's Radio
Progreso. "Do you believe that, if placed in Cuba all of a sudden, they would
behave any differently?"
An Island in Need
The Cuban economy has shrunk 25% in the last two years as subsidies from
other communist nations have dried up. The drop in oil supply has crippled farm
equipment and hurt sugar production, Cuba's most important trade commodity.
Total imports from Soviet Union
1989: $5.52 billion
1991: $1.74
LEXIS'NEXIS'LEXIS'NEXIS
Services of Mead Data Central, Inc.
PAGE 9
Los Angeles Times, April 6, 1992
*1992: $1.2
* Projected (note: in 1992 the imports are from Eastern Europe and former
Soviet Union)
011 imports from Soviet Union
1989: 13.11 million tons
1991: 8.5
*1992: 3.75 to 4.5
* Projected
Sugar production
1989-90: 8.1 million tons
1990-91: 7.2
*1991-92: 5.2 to 6.5
* Projected
CUBAN TRADE OUTLETS
Here are Cuba's leading trade partners, with projections for Cuban exports to
the nations in 1992:
China: $200-$250 million
Japan: $200-$250 million
Spain: $150-$200 million
Canada: $150-$200 million
Eastern Europe and former Soviet Union:
Sugar: $900 million
Citrus, seafood, tobacco: $70-$80 million
Nickel and chrome: less than $150 million
Footnote: 1992 projections. Trade with China, Japan, Spain and Canada are
primarily sugar and some tobacco.
Source: Jorge Salazar, professor of economics and director of the Center for
Economic Research at Florida International University
Compiled by Times researcher Anna M. Virtue
U.S.-Cuba Relations: Three Decades of Tension and Crises
LEXIS'NEXIS'LEXIS`NEXIS
Services of Mead Data Central, Inc.
PAGE 10
Los Angeles Times, April 6, 1992
The United States has barred all commerce and most travel with Cuba for 30
years. Here are key moments in a continuously testy relationship.
1959 --- Castro takes power
1960 -- Nationalization of U.S. properties in Cuba. U.S. cuts off sugar
quota. Soviet Union establishes diplomatic relations with Cuba and starts
military buildup.
1961 - U.S. breaks diplomatic relations with Cuba. Bay of Pigs invasion.
1962 - U.S. imposes trade embargo. Cuban missile crisis. Castro pledges
support of guerrilla movements in Latin America. Membership of Cuba in the
Organization of American States is suspended.
1975 -- Cuba sends troops to defend Soviet-backed regime in Angola, marking
escalation of Havana's aid to socialist governments in Africa. OAS allows
members to normalize relations with Havana.
1977 - U.S. and Cuba partially restore diplomatic relations by establishing
special interest sections in Havana and Washington.
1979 -- Sandinista movement backed by Cuba gains power in Nicaragua, and a
guerrilla movement launches 12 years of insurrection in El Salvador.
1980 - Massive emigration known as Mariel boat lift.
1983 -- U.S. ousts Cuban-backed government in Grenada and relations between
Cuba and U.S. deteriorate.
1985 - Gorbachev rise to power marks slow withdrawal of Soviet aid.
1989 -- Fall of communism in Eastern Europe throttles Cuba's trade relations.
1990 ---------- U.S.-backed coalition wins elections in Nicaragua.
1991 -- Last Cuban troops come home from Africa. Gorbachev announces the
start of withdrawal of Soviet troops from Cuba.
1992 -- Peace agreement signed in El Salvador.
GRAPHIC: Photo, Fidel Castro is facing an economic crisis that many Cuban exiles
anticipate will bring an end to his power. Others aren't so sure. Associated
Press; Photo, Fidel Castro ; Photo, Mikhail Gorbachev ; Chart, An Island in
Need, PAUL GONZALES / Los Angeles Times ; Chart, U.S.-Cuba Relations: Three
Decades of Tension and Crises, PAUL GONZALES / Los Angeles Times
TYPE: Non Dup; Series; Infobox; Chronology
SUBJECT: MAS CANOSA, JORGE; CASTRO, FIDEL; CUBA -- GOVERNMENT; CUBA -- POLITICS;
CUBA ECONOMY; EXILES CUBA; FORECASTS; FUTURE; UNITED STATES -- FOREIGN
RELATIONS -- CUBA
LEXIS'NEXIS'LEXIS'NEXIS
UNIV REL/DEV
TEL
NO
OF FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL
GREAT BEAL
Florida International University
FAX COVER
FROM:
Dan Kalmanson, Director of Media Relations
(305) 348-2716
TO:
Jeannie Bunton
LOCATION:
White House Speechwriting Office
PHONE:
(202) 456-7750
FAX NUMBER: (202) 456-6218
# OF PAGES:
9
(including cover sheet)
NOTE
Division of University Relations and Development
University Park, Miami, Florida
(305) 348-2448
Infual Opportunity/Past Access Engloyer and Instruction
58.3%
White (Non-Hispanic)
16.7%
Hispanic
0.00%
Black
16.7%
Asian
0.0%
Indian
8.3%
International
- more -
UNIV REL/DEV
TEL
Fiv Student PRofile
Oldest Student: Born 1915
Name: Sylvia Daniels
Address: 3675 No. Country Club Dr. #1809, Miami, FL. 33180
Phone: 932-1933
At FIU since 77 - School Arts and Sciences - B.A. Degree
Majoring in English Literature
Member of English Honor Society - International Sigma Tau Delta - Chapter
Alpha Alpha Cappa
Will attend commencement
Note: Does not want to be interviewed, and would not give me more
information about herself, but does not mind her name, age and above
information appearing as oldest students
UNIV REL/DEV
TEL
OF FLORIDA INTERNA THOMAL
: FIREAT SEAL
Florida International University
FAX COVER
FROM:
Dan Kalmanson, Director of Media Relations
(305) 348-2716
TO:
Jeannie Bunton
LOCATION:
White House Speechwriting Office
PHONE:
(202) 456-7750
FAX NUMBER: (202) 456-6218
# OF PAGES:
9
(including cover sheet)
NOTE
Division of University Relations and Development
University Park, Miami, Florida (305) 348-2448
Equal Access Employer and Intitution
UNIV REL/DEV
TEL N0.305-548-5551
FIU News Pelease
Florida International University, Office of Media Relations/News Bureau
University Park
North Miami Campus
Miami, Florida 33199
North Miami, Florida 33181
(305) 348-2232
Fax (305) 348-3337
1992 SPRING COMMENCEMENT FACT SHEET
FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
APRIL 27, 1991
Total Graduates:
2,111 *
Degree Level:
1.750
Bachelor's degrees
344
Master's degrees
5
Specialist's degrees
12
Doctoral degrees
By Gender:
57%
Female
43%
Male
Ethnicity,
Bachelor's
by degree level:
38.1%
White (Non-Hispanic)
43.8%
Hispanic
8.5%
Black
3.5%
Asian
.3%
Indian
5.9%
International
Master's
52.3%
White (Non-Hispanic)
23.0%
Hispanic
10.2%
Black
1.5%
Asian
0.0%
Indian
13.1%
International
Specialist's
20.0%
White (Non-Hispanic)
60.0%
Hispanic
20.0%
Black
0.0%
Asian
0.0%
Indian
0.0%
International
Doctoral
58.3%
White (Non-Hispanic)
16.7%
Hispanic
0.00%
Black
16.7%
Asian
0.0%
Indian
8.3%
International
- more -
UNIV REL/DEV
TEL
NO
Fact Sheet / page two
Total numbers of graduates by college or school, at the
bachelor's, master's, specialist's and doctoral levels and
percentages by gender:
Bachelor's:
Total
M
F
Arts & Sciences
504
13%
16%
Business Administration
367
11%
11%
Education
293
2%
14%
Engineering & Design
134
6%
2%
Health
48
1%
2%
Hospitality Management
163
5%
4%
Journalism/Mass Comm.
57
1%
2%
Nursing
76
1%
4%
Public Affairs
108
2%
4%
Total
1750
41%
59%
Master's:
Total
M
F
Arts & Sciences
51
8%
7%
Business Administration
75
13%
9%
Education
77
5%
17%
Engineering & Design
36
7%
3%
Health
16
1%
4%
Hospitality Management
21
3%
3%
Journalism/Mass Comm.
3
0%
1%
Public Affairs
65
5%
14%
Total
344
42%
58%
Specialist's:
Total
M
E
Education
5
0%
100%
Total
5
0%
100%
Doctoral:
Total
M
F
Arts & Sciences
2
8.3%
8.3%
Education
8
33.3%
33.3%
Public Affairs
2
8.3%
8,3%
Total
12
50.0%
50.0%
*
Note: These figures include anticipated Spring 1992 graduates
only
# # #
DATE: April 21, 1992
MEDIA CONTACT: Dan Kalmanson, Director, Office of Media
Relations/News Bureau, (305) 348-2716
REL/DEV
Emphasis on school helps
farm family beat the odds
By AMINDA MARQUES GONZALEZ
Herald S:aff Writer
FAMILY NOMINEES
Mireyra Vidales, 22, keeps a red plastic
bucket as a memento of her childhood: days
Joseph and Alicia Barb of Coral
spent in the fields of South Dade helping her
Gables were named Florida Hispanic
parents pick tomatoes and squash.
Family of the Year. A lifetime achieve-
"All of us would go." said Beatriz Vidales,
ment award was presented was pre-
25. "There was no money for a baby sitter.
sented to Horacio Aguirre, founder of
The little ones would stay in the car while
Diario de las Americas.
they picked in the fields."
The other finalists were:
Today, it's just a memory. Both sisters are
Matias and Sonia Arellano, Miami
working their way through college, a tradition
Miguel and Conchy Bretos, Miami
be family of nine children. Seven of them
Beach
have completed high school - quite a feat
Amador and Teresa Fernandez,
considering there is a 50 percent dropout rate
Miami
among migrant farmworker children, said
Luis and Candice Lopez, Miami
Cipriano Garza, director of the migrant educa-
Victor and Marcia Lopez de Men-.
tion program for Dade County Public Schools.
doza, Miami
Three of the children have college
Jose Joaquin and Maria RosaPoza,
RAUL RUBIERA / Miami Herald Sta
degrees, four are now in college. The two
Coral Gables
PROUD FAMILY: Beatriz Prado Vidales is surrounded by her family, standing, Greg
youngest attend Homestead High School.
Edgar and Esperanza Sanchez.
"When you have the desire to give your
Miami Beach
McNeer, son-in-law, Dimas Vidales, Maribel Vidales McNeer, Johanna Vidales, and
children an education, with thousands of sacri-
Frank and Kay Toraño, Tampa
Marcos Vidales, as well as Beatriz Vidales, Mireyra Vidales and Sandra Vidales.
fices you do it," said Beatris Prado Vidales,
Beatriz Vidaled: Homesteed
success to their father, Dimas, who died 18
were home."
their proud mother. "The sacrifice was worth
months ago from a heart attack.
While other migrant farmworker familie-
it.**
growth and dedication to others.
A former bank worker in his native Mex-
packed up at the end of the Dade's winter croz
The family was one of 10 finalists for the
The winners of the Florida Hispanic Fam-
ico, be stressed his children's education when
in April, her father would wait until the end 0
Florida Hispanic American Family of the
ily of the Year were Joseph and Alicia Baró of
they moved to Florida City in 1974.
school before leaving, Mireyra said.
Year, winning a $1,000 scholarship for one of
Coral Gables. "They're a heck of a role
"Unless you were really, really sick, he
After three years working in the fields
the children. The awards, held in Florida,
model," said Garza, who nominated the
wouldn't let you stay home from school," said
Dimas Vidales started working for the Dade:
Texas, Illinois, California and Arizona, are
Vidales family for the award.
his daughter Beatriz. "Then he would come.
migrant education program, maintaining the
based on community service, individual
The Vidales family attributes much of their
home. for lunch and check to make sure you
trailer where the preschool program was
UNIV REL/DEV
TEL No.305-348-3337
Apr 22,92 11:16 No.006
Fiu Student Frofile
Name: Mary Iris Toro
Tel. (305) 251-9304 - Beeper 397-4263
College: Education
Degree: BA
MAJOR: Special Education
GPA - 3.75 -- Faculty Scholar, Dean's List - Years at FIU: 4
Age: 21 , will be 22 in June
Address: 8240 S.W. 210 Street, Apt. 312, Miami, FL 33189
Suggested Publications:
Diario Las Americas
Interesting Facts:
Puerto Rican origin - Born in Miami, father Puerto Rico. Large family. Mom
had 3 natural children, third one born with birth defect, spina bifiba
Were encouraged to give her up and place her in an institution, but would
not hear of it. Going back and forth to hospital saw others parents who did
not want children that were born with severe birth defects, and many of
them were left in the hospital, so they decided to be foster parents. First
child they took home went back home. Over the year have adopted 13. Now
at home have children with Down Syndrome, with spina bifida, one who is
microcephalic. Over the year 3 have died. Family was recognized with
the Spirit of Excellence Award by The Miami Herald in I989. Father use to
be a salesman, now helps mother at home. There is a non-profit
organization, Capernaum House, Inc. to help support family.
Iris was a runner up for the Silver Knight Award, that is how she met Dick
Capen, which led to the Spirit of Excellence Award and also to her
marriage. -When Dezso Szuri, El Nuevo Herald photographer went to
photograph family, mother invited him over for dinner. He and Iris hit it
off and later marry - Both help out family - Father had stroke year and
half ago, Dezso and Iris have now moved in with her parents for a while
to help out -
- More-
UNIV REL/DEV
TEL No 305-348-5337
She hopes to find a job. When she was in high school wanted to be a
business major, but the work her parents have done have made her realize
she wants to help others. Plans to go to graduate school in the future.
Contacts at Publications:
FIU Quotable Contact:
Caryl M. Grof
Assistant Director, Honor Program
348-4100
Note: Was not planning on coming to commencement but will come if
there is going to be a story on her family, because she feels publicity
helps the Foundation that supports their work.
Will stop by to see me today (4/22) at 3:30 P.M.
UNIV REL/DEV
TEL N0.305-348-3557
FIU COMMENCEMENT PLATFORM PARTY
PRESIDENT BUSH
ROW 1
REGENT. COURTELIS
PRESIDENT MAIDIQUE
CHANCELLOR REED
REGENT HANTMAN
ALVAH CHAPMAN, JR;
CELIA CRUZ
ABRAHAM FOXMAN
JAMES MAU
SHERWOOD WEISER
ROBERT BELL
MARK ROSENBERG
SISTER TRINITA FLOOD
ROW 2
REGENT MOYLE
REGENT CERIO
REGENT ROBERTS
REGENT KEENE
VP CORRENTI
VP GALLAGHER
VP MORGAN
VP RODRIGUEZ
SETH GORDON
(ELIAS BARDAWIL)
(ZACHARY BURTON)
ROW 3
DEAN HERRIOTT
DEAN WYMAN
DEAN GOLDENBERG
DEAN HOPKINS
DEAN KEPPLER
DEAN HEISSE
DEAN MARSHALL
DEAN SIMUNEK
DEAN ROSENBAUM
DEAN CAMPBELL
DR. MILLER
DEAN GONZALEZZ-REIGOSA
DEAN BADLYGA
UNIV REL/DEV
TEL No. 305-348-3337
Apr 21,92 16:14 No. 024 P.04
ive years ago, at the age of 46, Mitch Maidique had a personal
resumé that spanned 20 pages. 11 was an impressive chronicle
of career accomplishments among them, an executive MBA
from Harvard University, a PhD. in electrical engineering,
and three U.S. patents for semiconductor devices.
ITis hard work in academia was paying off in the business
world. He was working as a consultant to Portune 500
companies, and was funneling millions of dollars to promising high tech firms on
behalf of a large venture capital company. I Iis annual income was somewhere in
the neighborhood of $400,000.
But money, it turned out, wasn't Maidique's only motivator. He took a 75
percent pay cut to become president of Florida International University in 1986.
I Iis starting salary at FIU was $95,000 a year.
"It Was a time of my life that the move was just right," Maidique says. "I'm
not rich, but I'm comfortable, so money wasn't the consideration."
One consideration, be says, was a desire to "give something back to this
community." But there are many jobs, other than university president, that can
satisfy a personal sense of civic duny. Why the top job at FIU?
To hear Maidique describe it, the position seems tailor-made for an intellectual
overachiever who never could be satisfied with a single career.
"Being a [university] president today isone of the toughest jobs in the country,"
he says. "Years ago, he had to be primarily an academic leader. But today, a
university president is a businessman, an academic, a policeman, a psychologist
and a fund raiser."
Maidique has played each of those roles at Florida International University-
and if the school's explosive growth is any indication, he has turned in a fine
performance. Under his leadership, FIU has catapulted from a smallish upper-
division college to a thriving international university.
From 16,400 students five years ago, enrollment has increased to more than
23,000, making HU one of the fastest growing major universities in the United
States.
The university's budget has jumped from $99 million five years ago to $150
Though he has enriched
million this year. Faculty quality has been improved. About $80 million has been
spent on construction during the Maidique era. And in each of the last four years,
Florida International University
an annual survey by U.S. News & World Report has ranked FIU among the rop
through his corporate connections,
universities in its class.
1 lis work at FIU has brought Maidique plenty of national recognition. Hispanic
money alone doesn't motivate
Business magazine recently named Maidique one of the 100 most influential
Hispanics in the United States.
the president of FIU
A Cuban-American born in Havana, Maidique is one of only two Hispanics in
the United States who serve as president of a four year university. He is one of
three Hispanics who have been appointed to a national education policy council
by HINDI DIAMOND
that advises President George Bush.
Locally, he has strengthened FIU by forging strong ties with the corporate
Photos by PHIL BULGACH
community. Among, other business connections, Maidique recently was named
The
M
ystique of
M
24 DECEMBER 1991
UNIV REL/DEV
TEL No 305-348-3337
Apr 21,92 16:14 No 024 P.05
MITCH MAIDIQUE
Morgan, the vice president of university
new family back to Cuba.
relations and development at FIU. "Ile
Maidique says his step-father was an im-
chairman elect of the Beacon Council, the
would just as soon talk to you about Mozart
portant influence in his life. "I learned a lot
primary economic development agency of
and Becthoven as he would about physics."
of things from him," Maidique says. "He
Dade County.
was a very persuasive guy. He taught me how
"The thing that makes him a strong presi-
"He was a very intelligent child"
to dress and he was a tremendous joke-teller,
dent is not only that he is smart, but that hc
Modesto Alex "Mitch" Maidique is a mezela,
the life of the party. He also loved to imitate
knows the importance of gaining the trust
a man of mixed ethnic heritage. lis ances-
people, and he taught me how to do that.
and support of the business community,
tors came from Europe and settled in Cuba.
In fact, I sometimes still get into trouble at
which he certainly has done," says Robert
He says his last name is a Latin version of
parties for my imitations."
Hogner, a professor of marketing and envi-
Majyck, which means the month of May in
ronment at FIU. "That differentiates him
Maidique spent most of the 1960s study-
the native tongue of Czechoslovakia.
ing at the prestigious Massachusetts Insti-
from most of the prior presidents."
Both his father and mother were teachers.
tute of Technology in Boston. During his
But Maidique is an energetic populist,
Each of them had carned college degrees in
too, When he's not using his sophisticated
years at MIT, he earned a bachelor's degree,
education and had taught high school stu
understanding of business to garner corpo-
master's degree and PhD., all in electrical
dents. Their only son showed scholarly in-
engineering. 1 Ie received his PhD. in 1970.
rate support, he's often pressing the flesh in
stincts at a young age.
the community at large, extolling the virtues
Though a couple of fellowships and teach-
"He was a very intelligent child," says his
of FIU.
ing positions helped him pay for his educa-
87-year-old aunt, Dora Rodriguez Sarabia,
"Maidique's style is to get FIU known in
tion, Maidique also worked as a waiter,
who lives in Miami. "I saw early on hc had
the total community, not just in the business
translator, short-ordere cook, electronics tech-
a very high IQ."
world," says Alvah Chapman, chairman of
nician and an assembly-line worker in =
Maidique never knew his father. In addi-
the executive committee of Miami-based
computer plant.
tion to teaching, Modesto Sr. served as a
Knight-Ridder Inc. and chairman of the FIU
In the early 1970s, Maidique and three
federal legislator in the Cuban government.
board of trustees.
other engineers built a computer-chip manu
He was shot to death by a political opponent
"He speaks to a great many groups. Hc is
facturing business from scratch. They ended
shortly after Modesto Jr. was born in 1940.
out in the community more than any other
up selling their business to Analog Devices
His mother died in 1986, just months before
president was," Chapman says. "Hc talks to
Inc., a large corporation now listed on the
he was named president of FTU.
people who are parents, and word gets
New York Stock Exchange.
Maidique first came to the United States
around. He holds freshman pienics at his
In the mid 1970s, while working in a top
when he was nine years old. Hc and his
house, and gets to know the students per-
management position at Analog Devices,
mother moved to New York, where she
sonally, and tells the FIU story very well."
Maidique carned an executive MBA at
enrolled at Columbia University for post-
Maidique is a Renaissance man, a charis-
Harvard in his spare time.
graduate work in education.
matic leader who sometimes stuns his friends
As Maidique's career began to blossom,
She married a jovial New Yorker named
and associates with his range of interests and
his relationship with his first wife, Eulalia,
Max Finkelstein, who was managing a large
abilities.
disintegrated in divorce.
department store at the time. He later ac-
"I have never met anyone who has such
"He married 100 young," his aunt says.
cepted a job in I Iavana as vice president of
a wide spectrum of interests," says Michael
"He was only about 19 years old. They had
a steel distribution company and moved his
two wonderful children, who are still close
to him, and also LO his new
wife, Ana Margarita, But you
know what happens sometimes.
It was a matter of two people
getting married 100 young, and
then they grow apart and go off
in different directions."
Maidique met his second
wife, Ana Margarita, in New
York in the fall of 1980. They
met at a conference where
Maidique Was one of the speak
CTS.
At that point in Maidique's
career, he was spending a great
deal of time working as a man
agement consultant. I lis di-
emsineluded IBM, Honeywell
and Texas Instruments,
In the fuid-1980s, Maidique
Was hired by Hambrecht &
Quist of San Francisco, one of
the world's gest venture capi-
Maidique personally meats as many FIU students as he can through campus chats and freshman picnics.
tal companies, He was a gen-
cral partner in charge of the
20 DECEMBER 1991
UNIV REL/DEV
TEL No 305-348-3337
Apr 21,92 16:14 No. 024 P. 06
company's Miami office, funneling millions
of dollars into promising high tech firms in
the southeastern United States. In addition,
he and several business associates personally
invested in a small venture capital find on
the side.
Bm Maidique continued to maintain ties
to the academic world. At Stanford Univer-
sity, he directed a training program for senior
executiv of high tech companies. And at
the University of Miami, he co-founded the
Innovation and strepreneurship Institute,
which conducts research on small businesses
and technological innovation.
Those ties helped him land the top job at
FIU when the university started scarching
for a new president. He was one of 208
applicants for the job.
"I knew he'd be appointed," says Bob
Cunze, a friend of Maidique's who worked
Maidique's busy schedule keeps him running
with him at Hambrecht & Quist. "One of
from meetings to banquets to social events.
outstanding qualities he has many-
is that he is persistent. simply docsn't give
tion that represents faculty at Florida's state
County are now coming from FIU. (The
up and he doesn't know the meaning of
universities.
university nowoffers 180 bachelor's, master's
defeat. He can do anything."
Shortly after he took over at FIU in the fall
and doctoral degrees.)
of 1986, Maidique fired 40 people in the
"A corporate style of
university's administration. Today he says
"A dual- or triple-language
declsion-making"
the purge was necessary to accelerate FIU's
capability"
Maidique's predecessor at FIU was Gregory
growth.
Alvah Chapman has been a key link 10 the
Wolle. He came to FIU from Portland State
"When you come in as I did," Maidique
Miami business community by virtue of his
University, where hc had been president for
says, "and you have a golden and unique
high-level position with Knight-Ridder, the
about seven years. Wolfc is now teaching at
opportunity to make changes in structure,
corporate parent of the Miami Herald.
FIU.
personnel and direction it must become
Chapman played an important role in a
Wolfe's tenure as president of FIU was a
a concentrated team effort."
recent FIU fund-raising drive that garnered
turbulent period in the university's history.
That point wasn't lost on Paul Gallagher,
$17 million.
Among other things, critics charged that
the only high-level administrator who sur
Another ally of Maidique's in the business
FIU didn't do enough for the local Hispanic
vived the purge. He now runs FIU's North
community is Woody Weiser, chairman and
community.
Miami campus and serves as the vice provost
chief executive officer of The Continental
"I have been a veteran/survivor of three
for academic affairs for the entire university.
Companies, a Miami-based hotel manage-
wars," Wolfe says today, "The Second World
"You definitely have to be a team player
ment and development company.
War, the Viernam War, and the second
10 stay in his league," Gallagher says of
Weiser is a strong supporter of FIU's
Spanish-American War here in Miami, which
Maidique.
School of Hospitality Management, which
revolved around discussion as 10 whet we
But once he had his team in place, Maidique
trains students for careers in hotel manage-
were responsible enough to Cuban interests
started to show his people management
ment. It is widely regarded as the nation's
at FIU."
skills.
second-best, behind a similar school at
But campus versics didn't end when
Morgan, the vice president of university
Cornell University.
a Cuban American became president of
relations and development at FIU, has nick-
On behalf of the School of Hospitality
Florida International University. Maidique's
named Maidique "the Macstro" because,
Management, Weiser helped secure a
management style has ruffled some feathers,
like a symphony conductor, he has the ability
$250,000 gift from ITT Sheraton. He also
"He brings a corporate style of decision-
to "take individual sounds and blend them
helped raise $800,000 of the $3 million
making into 3 non corporate environment,
to get a beautiful tone.
required to renovate the building now occu-
and that's bound to cause friction," says FIU
"That's exactly what Mitch does with his
pied by the hospitality school.
professor Robert Hogner.
people, his staff, his administrato and his
Merreu Stierheim, head of the Greater
Hogner cites the way HJU's logo was
board. He has this incredible. ability to take
Miami Convention & Visitors Bureau, is
redesigned. Maidique hired an outside con-
these diverse personalities and intellects and
another strong supporter of the Maidique
sultant to create a new logo, then issued a
blend them together to get the best possible
administration.
memo announcing the change.
results."
Under Stierheim's leadership, the bureau
"A CEO, if he doesn't like the company
Maidique also has helped blend the inter-
has launched a scholarship program for FIU
name, changes it. But in a university, there
ests of FIU and the business community.
students. This year, the program is helping
are different constituencies and interests,
His pitch for corporate support is compel
21 African-Americans study at the School of
and traditionally, decisions are made with
ling for any company that draws from the
Hospitality Management. "I wassoimpressed
full consultation with the faculty," says
local labor force. About half of all graduate
with the caliber of the faculty," Stierheim
Hogner, former president of an organiza-
and post graduate degrees awarded in Dade
continued on page 104
NEW MIAMI
UNIV REL/DEV
TEL No 305-348-3337
Apr 21,92 16:14 No 024 P.07
MITCH MAIDIQUE
Maidique's five-year tenare, FIU's annual
Europe come to fruition.
continued from page 27
income from sponsored research has more
"I have no plans of resigning in the fore-
than doubled, from $6.2 million to more
sceable funure," he says, "but one day, j will
says. "Not only are they academicians, but
than $13.5 million.
retire and become a professor of manage-
many of them have tremendous careers in
Further growth in research revenue is
ment here at FIU."
industry. It's a very distinguished group."
expected as a result of FIU's decision to
But watching him in action today, it's
In an increasingly global economy, FIU
begin offering a PhD. in electrical engineer-
hard to imagine Maidique leaving the top
touts its students as strong candidates for
ing. Says Maidique: "I think ultimately it will
job at FIU anytime soon.
international business management jobs.
result in enormous leverage, in terms of our
On a recent day, Maidique arrived at
Maidique says language skills make FIU
ability to attract doctoral students and spon-
Miami International Airportat )
grads stand out: "One of the things that the
sor more research grants."
fresh from a business trip out of town and
majority of our students take with them to
sped to FIU to meet a visiting labor minister
market is a dual- or triple-language capabil-
"We have to slow him down
from I Tongary by noon. Immediately after
ity, which is textremely important in a shrink-
once in a while"
lunch, he dashed into a meeting of the state
ing, world."
FIU also is expanding its operations into
Board of Regents, who had traveled to FIU
] larold Wyman, dean of the FIU School
foreign countries. Last year, the university
to discuss school matters with him. At some
of Business, markets the university as a prime
began setting up one of the first MBA pro-
point during the afternoon, he met privately
source for Spanish-speaking accountants.
grams if Bastern Europe. For the time be-
with a philanthropist who was thinking of
"We have been telling businessmen here,
ing, However plans to launch the program
donating a million dollars to FIU. And as the
*If you want to expand your business the
in Yugoslavia have been postponed due 10
sun started to set, he showered, changed
Hispanic world, hire our graduate accoun-
civil unrest there.
clothes, and went to the university's art
tants,' and they do, in great numbers,"
PIU also is planning to help atin coun-
rifuscum to help open 3 new exhibit.
Wyman says.
trics improve their judicial systems. The
In the long run, Maidique's resumé may
He says companies have responded not
program initially will involve the establish-
show that he stayed in his job at FIU longer
only by hiring FIU grads but also by sup-
ment of teaching facilities at selected loca-
than any other in his career.
porting the school: "We are drawing heavy
tions in Central America. "Eventually,"
"I feel very comfortable working with
financial support from some of the largest
Maidique says, "we hope to expand the
him," says Carlos Arboleya, a vice chairman
international companies for scholarships and
program to reach all of South America."
of Barnett Bank and an FIU trustee, "We
donations."
In theory, Maidique might not continue
have to slow him down once in a while, but
Financial support also has come in the
as president long enough to see FIU's ex-
I'd rather slow someone down than have to
form of sponsored research. During
pansion into Latin America and Eastern
push them ahead."
We keep the very best companies.
COMDIAL TTT
MITEL
ITT Telecom
WALKER
ASUZI,LTD.
Corporation
northern
tolecom
TONE
COMMANDER
SANYO
and the very best companies keep us.
Acolite Sign Company
Best-Dorsey Insurance
Bradley
Air
Conditioning,
Inc.
Bryant Answering
Service
Columbia Title of Florida
Com Bank Mortgage
Curbside Florist
Doucette Mobile
Gardner's Markets Greater South Dade/South Miami Chamber of Commerce (both branches)
General Medical Care J. Poole & Associates Magnivision
Kendall Gables Communications, Inc.
6863 Sunset Drive, Miami, FL 33143 (305)665-8822
104 DECEMBER 1891
3
10
19
Apr 21,92 17:28 P.02
THE GOOD EARTH
LONG HOT SUMMER
CHARLESTON CHEW.ED
University celebrates
Hot tips for s cool summer
Partners Sweep Charleston) in last
22nd Earth Day
games of AACtoumement
The Beacon
Thanks for the great memories, Jonathan.
Vol. 3, No. 28
The Student Newspaper at Florida International University
April 14, 1992
Plans set for Spring '92
commencement exercises
TEL lo.305-348-3337
DAVID BIEHL
" "
Staff writer
If someone didn't know about FIU,
Plans for the 1992 Spring Com-
they'll surely know about it now.
mencement April 27 at the Miami
Modesto Maidique
Beach Convention Center are set.
President of FIU
President George Bush is scheduled
to address graduates and receive an
honorary doctorate degree in public
the event.
precede the exercises.
service.
"Getting a president to come to
The Dean's office will select five
Of the 1,610 available seats for
graduation is more laborious than
students to attend the brunch, along
graduates to march, 1,592 have at-
having a child," FIU President
with the honorees, the Master's,
ready been allocated, including 344
Modesto Maidique said. "It's a long
Specialist's and Doctoral degree re-
students receiving master sdegrees,
process that involves a lot of work
cipients, members of the Florida
five students receiving specialist's
and energy. But if someone didn't
Board of Regents, university admin-
degrees and 12 students receiving
know about FTU, they' ilsurely know
istrators and numerous community
Photo by Gillian Murray
doctoral degrees.
about it now."
leaders.
Each graduating student is lina-
For students who missed the dead-
However, at press time, it was
Double your pleasure
ited to four tickets. But further con-
line to sign up for graduation exer-
undetermined whether Bush would
cem centers around planning and
cises, not all hope is lost. Those
attend the luncheon. Administrative
A pair of Spanish dancers show off their
SPRING 92
seating arrangements for the event.
interested in attending must write a
Assistant Margaret Cuchel said the
native costumes at UP Spring Culturefest,
According to Dan Kalmanson,
lener to Vice Provost Judith Blocker
funcheon hinges on Bush's decision
CULTUR
a celebration of international customs,
associate director of Media Rela-
explaining why they missed the dead-
food, and culture, which comes to a
to attend.
tions, seating charts were redesigned
line. Letters should be taken to PC
close this week.
FIU is one of four universities
UNIV
to accommodate the White House
526.
that Bush will visit this year, in-
press corps and security. More than
In addition to commencement, a
150 journalisis are expected tocover
luncheon is tentatively scheduled to
Tum to Graduation/ page 7
UNIV REL/DEV
The Beacon
7
Graduation
continued from page 1
cluding Notre Dame, Southern of Law.
Rosenberg, a political science pro-
Methodist and the U.S. Naval
In addition to the three honor-
fessor.
Academy.
ary degrees, three honorary awards
Rosenberg, a specialist in Cen-
Grammy award-winner, Celia
will be presented.
tral American politics and U.S. -
Cruz, will receive an honorary doc-
An FIU Community Service
Latin American relations, is a 1971
torate degree in Music. Cruz, a
Award, presented for service to FIU
graduate of Miami University
latin music performer who has re-
and the community, will be awarded
(Ohio) and a 1976 doctorate de-
leased more than 50 albums, 20 of
to Sherwood Weiser, chairman of
gree recipient from the University
TEL No.305-348-3337
which were gold, received a doc-
the board and CEO of the Continen-
of Pittsburgh.
torate from Yale University.
tal Company, a hosel management
He received an FIU Foundation
Abraham H. Foxman, national
and development firm.
Excellence in Research and Schol-
director of anti-defamation for the
Weiser, a leader in the Miami
arship Award in 1988 and has raised
League of B'nai B'rith, will re-
hospitality industry, is an eight-
more than two million dollars in
ceive an honorary doctorate de-
year trustee of the FIU Founda-
grants and donations for FIU.
gree in law. Foxman, a 52-year old
tion, a five-year trustee of the Uni-
Robert Bell, a 1981 FIU gradu-
polish-born survivor of the Holo-
versity of Miami and director of
ate, will receive the annual FIU
caust, is a recognized authority on
the Anti-Defamation League of
Distinguished Service Award in
the Holocaust and Jewish resis-
South Florida.
Alumni Service. Bell is president
tance against the Nazis.
An FIU Distinguished Service
and CEO of Sun Pharmaceuticals.
He is an honors graduate from
Award in University Service, pre-
In 1991, the Florida House of Rep-
the City University of New York
sented to outstanding individuals
resentatives passed a resolution
and holds a Juris Doctor degree
from within the FIU community,
naming Bell the Florida Entrepre-
from New York University School
will be awarded to Mark neur of the Year.
Apr 21,92 17:28 No.030 P.03
Apr 21,92 17:28
April 14, 1992
The Beacon
3
NEWS
Making ends meet: university copes with budget cuts
TEL .305-348-3337
third quarter, in terms of external
through times even worse than what
assignments, according to Keppler.
MARK LOUIS OSTROVSKY
access the same data base. "Right
funding."
we are going through," he said.
Toni Downs, associate director
now, we have a one station, one user
Staff writer
Breslin attributed this uplifting
On a similar note, William J.
of the library at the North Miami
system," she said. "We are propos-
turn of events to efforts by adminis-
Keppler, dean of the College of
campus, claims to have had a nin of
ing a new network so that more
With budgetary
trators to become more efficient by
Health, said, "We have increased the
good luck. "We were very fortunate
popular CDs, like PSYCHLET,
constraints as ago-
"stretching the diminished state
amount of grant awards in 1991 of
in the library. The Board of Regents
which students reserve far in ad-
nizing and merci-
supplement," "and "through working
less as they are,
more closely with the faculty in ac-
"
vance, can be accessed by up to eight
people simaltaneously."
many seem hard-
quiring outside funding."
pressed to find any-
We were very fortunate. The Board of Regents
It is, perhaps, somewhat more
Although Breslin scknowledged
that "the torpedoes are still in the
made an error in the allocations formula.
difficult to be optimistic when bud-
LAST OF
thing good to say
getary and financial matters domi-
THREE PARTS
about the future of
water," particularly with regard to
and we received a large sum from the state.
education
in
nate your workload. Paul Gallagher,
legislation [House Bill 1977] which
Florida. But if there is a port in the
-Toni Downs
vice president for the NM campus,
could have a devastating effect on
storm, or cause to be optimistic, it is
Associate Director, NM Campus library
claims to be "the eternal optimist
sponsored research money, he is also
because faculty and administration
who tries to see sunshine in every-
optimistic. "The president and his
thing."
are exercising a creativity and re-
staff remain committed to making
around $60,000 at this time, to
made a mathematical error in the
But outside of the fact that FIU
sourcefulness that only bare neces-
UNIV REL/DEV
good on his yearly promise to gradu-
$367,700 this year."
allocations formula and, while we
continues to attract more students
sity can generate. And sometimes,
ates that every year their degree will
He attributed this to a concerted
just plain luck will suffice.
lost a lot of money in the beginning,
than ever before, be said, "The pro-
be worth more, because people have
effort on the part of faculty to write
we received a large sum from the
posed 'reality' budget [also known
"Faculty members are now bring-
advanced the uni versity."
more grants and get them funded.
state to make-up for this error
this
ing in a record amount of external
as `the doomsday budget'],
and
Breslinis looking forward to FIU
"There have been some benef Fits from
is a one-shot deal that will benefit
what has happened to education in
funding to carry out the university's
becoming a model of a very success-
being resourceful out of necessity
both campuses," she said.
activities," according to Thomas A.
the state of Florida over the past 24
ful, publicly-supported university,
rather than feel sorry for ourselves,
Downs is looking at new ways to
months or so, is devastating. "With
Breslin, FIU director of Sponsored
which
has
gotten
Apr 21,92 17:28 No .030 P.05
8
The Beacon
Budget continued from page 3
seek new ways to be "more creative. alumai, communicate and solicit."
But, according to Morgan, "The
and efficient."
"As of four years ago, the univer-
discouraging thing is that there is no
One revenue source that was virtu-
sity could identify less than 3,000 of its
TEL No. 305-348-3337
way that private fundraising canoffset
ally ignored will Maidique came to
46,000 alumni. Today we can identify
our budget problems."
thensiversity, approximately fiveyears
almost 41,000. There years ago, we
Positive
attitudes
and
ago, was alumni support. Michael
brought in around $15,000, and this
resoursefulness may not be enough to
Morgan, vice president for University
offect the scourge of radical budget
Relations and Development, said, "in
In time, the ahumni base for unre-
cuts. But they help.
the three years since I've been here,
stricted support should be substantial.
The time may have come to recycle
under the commitment of Maidique,
In three or four years, we should have
a popular aphorism from the 80s with
we've gone back and rebuit the entire
between $500,000 and $750,000,"
a slight twist: "If you think ignorance
record system to enable us to track
Morgan said.
is expensive, try education."
UNIV REL/DEV
Documents-
proximity
to
"Facts"
SOUTL America
- "Quality"
/ Cuba.
good topic?
- Excellence
- 4th largest Univ. in Florida
- Faskest growing in U.S.
- youngest univ. in U.S.
- F.I.U. produces 50%
of depree holders in
Soutlen fluida.
- school population 42%0 Hispanic
Mirrors community 4170 white
students: older, more mature.
Many married;
work through college.
le: (Samut) professional jobs
1st college member
no Bradlly
Boh Bell - young -
-
fuunder company.
- Lear Compessioment
attend tentative.
female most prominent
Florida Internat'l Univ.
Mike Morgan-
(305) - 348 - 2448
University Relations:
Miami
Min,
FIU.
348-2448
University relating
- person - 1
(305) Main 1-940-5500]
- FIX.
Mike Morgan
backgrund propile inf. class
Fat street 1sp senin
stall
Income
prev.
/ drive
TANNY \
Information request:
Faculty list
Sports teams
Campus info
Nam of campus newspaper, yearbook, radio and tv call letters
Sc
mascot, alma mater, colors
Der $ available
Sports schedule
Pre
us commencement speakers
Men
S of Board of Trustees
Fam alums
Sr. ass profile
degrees?
codition
to is
Miami District
Economic benefit
Key West to Palm Beach
$25 direct/indirect
$19 billion trade
35,000 jobs Miami Area.
I/2 meltiplier
Florida $306 per year
Miami has 70% of that
Miami is "hub between Americas"
port $9billion
R45% contry's trude
between US and latin
Caribbcan, Latin American merket
America done via Miani
90% I
only direct Service Far East
for Miami Fla.
41/2 million tons general
Gelrgo, no bulle cargo.
Information Received from
Port Director's Office
Port of Miami
(305) 371-7678
Miani District (Key West to Polm Beach)
Miami is "hub between Americas"
$19 billion trade per year
45% of us trade with
Port of Miami accounts for
Latin America done via
70% of that amount, totalling
Miami
$9 billion in trade per
year.
Exports : $ 6 6
approximations
Information received from:
Imports : $ 36
from Director
Carmen Leunetta
90% of business for Port of Miami
is with Caribber and Latin
Director, Port of Miami
American markets. It has the
(305) 371 - 7678
Only direct Service to For
East for all 06 Florida.
41/2 million tons gueral Cargo
no bulk cargo
Economic benefit (Miani area)
$ 2 billion direct lindirect berefit
(using I'/z multiplict)
which translates into 35,000 jobs
402
Mar. 4 / Administration of George Bush, 1992
migration from Ireland has underscored the
monies, Armando Codina. Thank you,
strong ties between our two countries.
Armando.
The Congress, by House Joint Resolution
It is a pleasure to be here tonight. And
350, has designated March 1992 as "Irish-
we have much to do these next few months
American Heritage Month."
because we've much to do in these next few
Now, Therefore, I, George Bush, Presi-
years. Together, we can finish what we've
dent of the United States of America, do
started, and we can move this country for-
hereby proclaim March 1992 as Irish-Amer-
ward. And to do that, I need your support.
ican Heritage Month. I invite all Americans
And help me win the Presidency for 4 more
to observe this month with appropriate pro-
years. I ask your support for the simplest rea-
grams and activities.
son: We believe in the same things, jobs, fam-
In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set
ily, peace, the fundamentally important
my hand this fourth day of March, in the
things. And Zach, thank you for your very
year of our Lord nineteen hundred and nine-
kind words about my grasp of and leadership
ty-two, and of the Independence of the Unit-
in the field of foreign affairs.
ed States of America the two hundred and
We know that taxes are too high in this
sixteenth.
country because the Government is too big,
George Bush
and it spends too much. And we believe in
a strong defense. We believe in family and
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
faith, responsibility and respect, community
10:54 a.m., March 5, 1992]
and country. And we know that we put Amer-
ica first when we put America's families first.
Note: This proclamation was published in
The National League of Cities' mayors came
the Federal Register on March 6.
to me, and they said the major problem in
the cities is the dissolution, the diminution
of the American family, and we've got to do
something about that.
Remarks at a Bush-Quayle
So often today's politicians do the easy
Fundraising Dinner in Miami,
thing, the popular thing. But it's the tough
Florida
decisions that tell you something important
March 4, 1992
about character and principle. For I believe
in things that don't change from one election
Thank you all. Please be seated. And Zach,
to the next. Things that guide each one of
Dr. Zachariah, thank you, sir, for that won-
us every single day of the year.
derful introduction, for all you do, and I am
During my Presidency I've been blessed
very, very grateful to you. I want to thank
to take part in a new era in America's history.
Father Murphy for his thoughtful invocation;
And let's face it my friends, the cold war is
the national finance chairman, you met
over, and America won. And we are the lead-
Bobby Holt; but the national finance cochair-
er of the entire world. And the Soviet Union
man, my old friend Alec Courtelis; and an-
collapsed, and imperial communism is dead.
other good longtime friend, Jack Laughery;
Last week marked a special birthday, the
to our campaign manager in Florida, no nep-
battle of Grito de Baire in Cuba's war of
otism involved, I just chose the best, Jeb
independence. We support independence.
Bush. And may I salute one who gives us
We want freedom and prosperity for the
so much support, gives me so much support
Cuban people and an end to Castro's totali-
in Washington, Congresswoman Ileana Ros-
tarian regime. But look around the world.
Lehtinen. Where is she? Right here. And
Castro has become an outcast even among
State senator Lincoln Diaz-Balart who we
the dictators. And his beaches are not bor-
just met over here. Thank you, sir. And Van
ders, they're the confines of freedom. For
Poole, our State chairman, where's Van? He's
years, the Cuban community-and I salute
right down here somewhere at the end. I sa-
Jorge Mas and so many others here tonight.
lute him. And, of course, our Dade County
The Cuban community has energized Miami.
chairman, our masterful master of cere-
And someday freedom-loving people will
Administration of George Bush, 1992 / Mar. 4
403
change that island for the better, just like
gery knows that health care costs are going
America has changed the world. It's going
through the roof.
to happen. You can bet on it. It is inevitable.
What's the solution? Not to go down the
And now tonight, I want to talk about how
road of socialized medicine. All that means
Republican leadership is changing America.
is long lines and impersonal service. And as
We're changing it by setting right what is
I said at lunch, we can get that, long lines,
simply on the wrong track in our country.
impersonal service, at the department of
Take our courts, for example, there's
motor vehicles. [Laughter] My idea, and
something wrong when the rights of the
we've got a good plan to do this, is to make
criminal are more important than the rights
insurance available to all, rich and poor alike,
of the victim. And I am proud of our tough
availability, keep the quality high, the bu-
stand on crime. Although if Congress passed
reaucracy low, and preserve choice. The last
my crime bill, we could be doing a lot better.
thing we want is the Government assigning
We could be a lot tougher. And I'm proud
you a doctor.
of our judicial appointments, judges who in-
And I want you to know I'd written this
terpret and do not legislate from the Federal
before I knew there were going to be 200
bench.
doctors here tonight. [Laughter] But since
And there are other things that are wrong.
I have your attention, I have an ache in my
shoulder and a small headache, and I'd like
When kids can't say a voluntary prayer in
to know what to do about it. [Laughter]
school or when fathers stop coaching Little
Health care reform means improving the
League because they're afraid of liability
system. And there's another area where re-
suits, that, too, is wrong. And the same when
form means changing the system. And I'm
people stop volunteering to help each other
talking about welfare. Let's face it: Too often
because they fear ambulance-chasers. This
welfare encourages dependency instead of
isn't the America we want. This isn't the way
personal responsibility and the dignity of a
it's supposed to be, all these lawsuits out
job. And so we've asked all the departments
there. These days a sharp lawyer would tell
and agencies to make it easier through the
the Good Samaritan, "Keep on walking." I
waiver process for State and local govern-
want to change that, so I've proposed reforms
ment to reform policies and help broken
to our system to reduce the number of frivo-
families. We need to help make families
lous lawsuits.
whole, help bring dignity back into their
Now, I don't want to get in trouble with
lives. And yes, that means going after the
the Bar Association, but I once quoted to
deadbeat fathers who run out on their chil-
someone that line, "An apple a day keeps
dren and leave some struggling mother. to
the doctor away." And he said, "What works
take care of the responsibility.
for lawyers?" [Laughter] Legal reform will
There are so many issues out here. But
help our legal process work. But, you know,
this leads me, then, to the number one issue
the real answer for solving problems is to be
on the minds of all Americans: the economy,
more concerned with helping each other
jobs. People out of jobs are looking for jobs,
than suing each other. We're going to try to
people who have jobs are worried they might
correct that from this legal reform bill I have
lose it tomorrow, worried about their jobs,
before the Congress.
providing for their families, meeting the chal-
Can't stop there though, not until we re-
lenges of paying the bills, buying a home,
form our health care system. Not because
setting aside for retirement.
it doesn't offer the world's highest quality of
The American people want this economy
health care, it does. I think everybody would
to grow, to create and preserve jobs. So in
agree on that. But we've got to reform it be-
January, some of you may remember it in
cause too many people simply don't have ac-
the State of the Union, I unveiled a two-part
cess to health insurance. Too many people
plan. The first part gets business moving
worry that they'll lose their insurance if they
again, upgrading plant and equipment, hiring
change jobs, or, worse still, if they lose their
workers again. It uses incentives like an in-
job. And anybody who's had even minor sur-
vestment tax allowance that speeds up the
404
Mar. 4 / Administration of George Bush, 1992
depreciation, calls for Congress to wake up
ming for her finals." Urgency counts in any
and understand how jobs are created and to
world. And so I'm asking Congress to also
cut the tax on capital gains which will create
pass the second part of my plan this year.
a lot of new small business jobs.
It's a road map to make us competitive.
Housing and real estate have led us out
Our plan revolutionizes America's edu-
of recessions in slow times before. So to get
cation system. I was reading that the average
housing back on its feet I unveiled several
eighth grader spends four times as much of
commonsense proposals to get people buying
his time watching TV as doing homework.
and building homes. These proposals will
TV should not be America's babysitter. We
create in Florida alone an estimated 26,500
can change that by making our schools ac-
additional housing starts and 51,000 new con-
countable and demand excellence. Our plan
struction jobs. Now, perhaps the most easily
will get the billions of dollars of Government
understood proposal is a $5,000 tax credit for
research and development more quickly to
first-time homebuyers, that young family to-
private sector businesses and workers. Good
gether that needs just a little more to own
education, and then use our know-how to
their first home. People almost able to buy
move our technology from the Government
that first home could do it with that extra
labs out into the competitive world.
$5,000 in their pocket.
We have a commitment to children and
Two hundred and three years ago on this
strong families, and our plan provides tax re-
very date the United States Congress met for
lief to strengthen the family. We want to raise
the first time, this very date 203 years ago.
the tax deduction for children by $500. Make
I wonder what they would think today about
no mistake, I want this entire plan passed
the House Democrats' so-called plan. Here's
this year. I want it passed now.
the deal: 25 cents a day in temporary tax re-
Behind all of this is an idea vital to Amer-
lief for 2 years, paid for, typical of them, by
ica: To succeed economically at home, we
a large permanent tax increase. Now, over
have to lead economically abroad. Zach put
in the Senate, the bill the Democrats are
his finger on the importance of America's
working on is not much better than the one
leadership around the world. Some don't
that's in the House. And its centerpiece is
want us to lead. They think we ought to just
a huge tax increase. The last thing our econ-
shut out the rest of the world. And they're
omy needs now is a $100 billion tax hike,
dead wrong. More than 200,000 jobs in Flor-
and they are not going to get it.
ida stem from manufactured exports. And
Zach alluded to this, we drew a line in the
last year, more than $13 billion in exports
sand in the Persian Gulf, and we kept our
went out through the Miami Customs Dis-
word. So I'll draw another line in the sand
trict.
right now. If the Democrats send me non-
You know that the way to create jobs is
sense like the bill passed through the House,
not to cut and run, not to pull back in some
I will send it right back. I will veto it the
isolationistic sphere of protection; rather to
minute it hits my desk. We are not going
open markets for our exports everywhere in
to inflict this on the American people. In-
the world. And I am going to fight hard in
stead of their crazy political maneuvers, Con-
every foreign market to do just that. It is ex-
gress ought to pass my plan to make America
ports that have saved us in these rough times,
more competitive. Here's the deadline:
and it is exports that will lead us into the
March 20th, the first day of spring. Here's
most prosperous decade that lies ahead. And
the challenge: Give American workers a
it's working. Our overall trade imbalance is
spring break. No more games. No more
down. Look at the figures. In 1988 the trade
empty gestures. Just pass my plan, and get
deficit stood at $119 billion. Today it's
this economy moving.
dropped to $66 billion, a 44-percent drop in
Some question the need to act now. Well,
that relatively short period of time.
let me repeat the story of a little boy who
Now, I believe the American people want
asked why his friend's grandmother read the
to hear about how we're going to address all
Bible so much. "I'm not sure," said his
these challenges, our country's challenges.
friend, "but I think it's because she's cram-
And they want to hear solutions, not just a
19B
two-way
Port
of
Miami
trade
Administration of George Bush, 1992 / Mar. 5
405
lot of tearing this country down and telling
Zachariah, Bush-Quayle financial cochair-
America how bad everything is. We have an
man for Florida, and Van Poole, Florida Re-
awful lot to be grateful for in this country.
publican Party chairman. A tape was not
They want to hear about the solutions that
available for verification of the content of
will keep inflation low, get our confidence
these remarks.
high, protect the savings of our elderly. Solu-
tions that will win the war on drugs, and we
are making great headway. And I salute Mi-
ami's heroic efforts in this battle against nar-
Remarks to the Home Builders
cotics. We are winning. Witness the massive
Association of Greater Columbia in
seizure of drugs in south Florida over the
Columbia, South Carolina
past several months. Witness the fact that
March 5, 1992
drug use amongst teenagers is down by 60
percent in the last couple of years.
Thank you very, very much, Carroll. Thank
We've got a lot to do in this country, and
you all so much. What a nice welcome back
a lot to do. But I am absolutely confident
to South Carolina. Thank you very, very
that we will get the job done. And I'm going
much. It's great to be here. To Richard
to fight hard in the Florida primary for these
Sendler, congratulations on you and
people, fight for what is right and good. I
Carolyn's 26th wedding anniversary. The
saw in the 8 years my friend Ronald Reagan
man knows timing. Timing is everything in
led America how leadership matters. Last
life. And Governor Campbell, my dear friend
year, as Zach mentioned, we saw America
Carroll, thank you for that generous intro-
stand tall again in the Persian Gulf. And I
duction. We are grateful for your hospitality,
believe the next 5 years are just too important
for your leadership as one of America's great-
to entrust to the inexperienced. So I ask for
est Governors. Carroll mentioned the Gov-
your help to keep our party strong, united
ernors' conference where we set these na-
so that we can win this fall.
tional education goals, a first. Wasn't just Re-
And yes, we have many challenges before
publican Governors, wasn't just Democrats,
us. But when haven't we? We're America.
all coming together to set national education
We're on the move. We're a country of
goals that led to a program that will rev-
change. And I guarantee you, we will meet
olutionize our education.
every single challenge, each and every one
What he didn't tell you is he and only two
of them, and meet them from the great pan-
or three others, maybe it was three, were the
handle to the tip of the Florida Keys.
true leaders in designing this brandnew ap-
And yes, there's an important primary next
proach to revolutionizing education in Amer-
Tuesday, and then there's another election
ica and bringing us into a competitive
in November. And I guarantee you, I have
scheme for the next century. We are going
never felt more confident about winning the
to again be the leaders in education, and your
primary and winning the general election.
Governor has been in the forefront of that
I've got to be a little careful; my mother's
change. And I am very, very proud that Car-
living up the coast here in Florida, so I've
roll Campbell will serve as the National co-
got to be careful. But I think I've been a
chairman of my campaign, and once again,
good President, and I want to be your Presi-
he's handling a lot of duties as the Southern
dent for another 4 years. And I will give you
regional chairman.
my level-best and work my heart out for the
Good morning to the other members on
greatest, freest country on the face of the
the dais here, Chuck Newman, Mike
Earth. Thank you, and may God bless Amer-
McMichael, and Dottie Lafitte-Woolston.
ica. Thank you all very, very much. What a
America still remembers your strength, the
great evening, and a great day in Florida.
strength and resilience shown by South Caro-
lina during Hurricane Hugo. I promise not
Note: The President spoke at 8:30 p.m. in
to be quite that windy today. [Laughter] It's
the East Hall of the Radisson Mart Plaza
great to be back in this State where political
Hotel. In his remarks, he referred to Zach
victory is in the air. And then it'll be on to
UNIV REL/DEV
TEL No .305-348-3337
Apr 21,92 16:53 No.028 P.03
FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL
ALISHMAINO
ALMA MATER
by Dr. Clair T. McElfresh
Hail to thee dear FIU
With voices true we pledge to thee
All our love and our devotion
Humble faith and loyalty.
We will strive for understanding
And for peace and unity
We will search for truth and wisdom.
We will always honor thee.
FIU Alma Mater
Hail all hail to thee.
Weekly Compilation of
Presidential
Documents
Monday, October 7, 1991
Volume 27-Number 40
Pages 1357-1412
Sept. 30 / Administration of Ge
these deferrals are contained in the at-
to throw out the first pitch. [Laughter]
tached report.
Marlin thinks I don't notice these things,
but last time I gave a press conference he'd
George Bush
left his rosin bag there at the podium in the
The White House,
newsroom. [Laughter]
September 30, 1991.
Commerce in Miami, it's always been an
adventure. Dade County now numbers 2
Note: The attachment detailing the defer-
million residents, but in an exciting sense
rals was published in the Federal Register
it's still an outpost of opportunity. Your or-
on October 7.
ganization's symbol, the beacon on the old
Cape Florida Lighthouse, reminds us that
less than a century ago, south Florida was a
frontier less developed and more forbidding
than the Western deserts. And in the year
Remarks at the Beacon Council Annual
1900, Miami was a sultry settlement of
Meeting in Miami, Florida
fewer than 1,700 souls. And today, Miami
September 30, 1991
serves as the gateway of the Americas, a
Thank you for that welcome back. And
powerful magnet for economic growth.
I'm delighted to be here. And Jim Batten,
Here, you look beyond your borders, and
thank you, sir. What is it about the water in
beyond your time. And you take seriously
Miami? I think about Alvah Chapman and
your obligation to build a prosperous econo-
all he did as a civic leader in addition to
my not just for today, but for the future.
running Knight-Ridder. And now in that
For instance, you do care deeply about
same marvelous, unselfish tradition, you
education, and your schools reflect that
have Jim Batten who introduced me here
commitment. Educators across our country
today, and I'm very grateful to him for that
admire Dade County's international schools
warm introduction. And I listened carefully
program. Graduates of the program will
to his counsel. And, yes, the Federal Gov-
meet all the requirements for university ad-
ernment must help when you have active
mission not only in the United States but
also in participating foreign countries.
p
citizens like Miami, trying to take care of
This sort of imagination, this commitment
a
their own problems. We have a role. We
understand it. And we want to be your
to quality lies at the heart of our adminis-
0
partners in these efforts for economic de-
tration's America 2000 strategy, to spark a
velopment. So, thank you, sir, very, very
veritable revolution in education. Miami
much.
can take pride that our Secretary of Educa-
I want to thank John Anderson, the coun-
tion, Lamar Alexander, this month gave
cil president. I want to salute Burt Landy,
special recognition to the Dade County
the incoming chairman. And I would like to
schools' innovations.
za
just say what a great job your outgoing
But you should not rest on today's laurels
St
chairman has done. [Laughter] I'm entitled
because you'll need to do even better in the
Fe
to my opinion. Now, wait a minute here.
future.
of
I'm also pleased that one of the repre-
You know, we talk a lot at our students
sentatives from here, Ileana Ros-Lehtinen,
and about our students. Well, tomorrow I
flew down with us. And your State insur-
will be going into a junior high classroom to
ance commissioner is with us today. And I
talk to and with our students about their
hope I'm not neglecting others, but that is a
role in this revolution.
marvelous turnout.
All across the United States via CNN and
Th
Jeb, I've got to hand it to you. You've
PBS, other students in their own schools
Oc
been telling me Miami is friendly territory,
will be able to hear this message about the
and I'm beginning to see what you mean.
need for educational excellence. And we're
[Fil
Imagine winning a new major league base-
determined to deepen the involvement of
ter,
ball franchise and naming it for my Press
parents. We want to give parents the free-
dom to choose their children's schools,
Not
Secretary. I hear Marlin, Fitzwater that is,
is serious about these rumors that he'll get
public, private, or parochial. We're chal-
the
1366
Administration of George Bush, 1991 / Sept. 30
lenging parents, students, businesses, and
a bill that incorporates many of our sugges-
community leaders to help develop schools
tions. It's important that you urge the
that simply break the mold. Because Dade
House to do the same thing. We must pre-
County already is in the forefront, in the
vent the criminals from holding up our
vanguard, I count on you to light the way,
economy. And we need fewer stickups and
to show the whole Nation how we can rein-
more lockups, and this bill will help get the
vent American education.
job done.
You also build a better future with just
On a more positive note, Miami faces an
plain common sense. You invite business,
exciting future in international banking and
rather than shooing it away. Miami enjoys a
financial services. Among American cities,
large tax base with some of the lowest tax
only New York conducts more foreign
rates in the country. But one important tax
banking business. And with expected
remains not just for Miamians but for tax-
growth in foreign trade, the market for
payers all across the country. And I'm talk-
Miami-based financial services should grow
ing here about the Federal tax on capital
ever more robust. And unfortunately, you
gains. A capital gains tax cut will boost start-
must be dealing now, at the Federal level
up companies and other small businesses.
at least, with banking laws that lag way
And these are the primary sources of new
behind our times. Our administration wants
jobs in our country.
And I may be talking to the choir here
to bring them up to date.
with some of the entrepreneurs in this
I worry about the economy. Jim Batten
crowd, but that's because I want you to sing
touched on it. These are tough times. But
a louder chorus. Some folks in Congress still
we can do something about it. We sent
haven't gotten the message. They don't un-
Congress a comprehensive package of bank-
derstand that a capital gains tax cut is not a
ing reforms earlier this year. Our plan
sop for the rich. It offers a helping hand to
would protect depositors' hard-earned
entrepreneurs and dreamers, people who
money, strengthen and modernize our
aren't rich today but whose contributions
banks and financial institutions, and make
could enrich our entire society tomorrow.
them more competitive in global markets.
A capital gains tax cut also will help be-
So, this is no time for delay. And this is no
leaguered industry, especially the real
time for anticompetitive measures. If we
estate business. And a cut will produce an
want strong banks and a strong economy,
immediate increase in property values,
Congress must enact comprehensive bank-
which in turn can offer new hope for strug-
ing reforms. And I might add, parentheti-
gling financial institutions.
cally, we also need a full and vigorous team
So, I hope you'll make the truth vivid to
on the Federal Reserve. This is a matter on
Congress. Talk about your own experiences
which the United States Senate needs a
and needs. Tell them to cut the capital
loud wake-up call. Two of the seven seats
gains taxes and give our people jobs. The
on the Fed sit empty right now. And my
two things are interlocked.
nomination for the first vacancy, Larry
And we also must fight as a Nation to
Lindsey, won an overwhelming endorse-
battle another tax, an invisible tax. And
ment from the Senate Banking Committee,
many in this room have been in the fore-
but one or two Senators have held up his
front of this. I'm talking about crime. Crime
nomination for months. And given the
exacts enormous costs. I think of the job
problems the country faces, the financial
that many of you did in battling the narcot-
problems, that's just plain inexcusable.
ics coming into this country, battling the
And when the Senate confirms Larry
crime related to all of that. I'm talking
Lindsey, we hope it will move quickly to
about crime. Crime exacts enormous costs
confirm Susan Phillips, my choice for the
in security systems, in business losses, in
other open seat. The Senate also needs to
workers' morale, in pain, and in fear.
act on my renomination of Alan Greenspan
Our administration has proposed a com-
as Chairman of the Federal Reserve Board.
prehensive crime package that offers
He's doing a good job. There's no contro-
people hope, and it gives them a chance to
versy, but they ought to get on about the
reclaim their streets. The Senate has passed
Nation's financial business, it seems to me.
1367
Sept. 30 / Administration of George Bush, 1991
The Fed faces a host of important deci-
Mexico has enacted breathtaking economic
sions in monetary policy, in bank regula-
reforms. And now, with the Fast Track pro-
tion, and international affairs. And it
cedures in place, we are negotiating with
shouldn't have to address them with any-
Mexico and Canada to create a North
thing less than a full team, a team dedicat-
American free trade agreement that will
ed to ensuring price stability and fostering
create an open market of 360 million con-
economic growth.
sumers, one that produces $6 trillion a year
Our administration wants to take on
in economic output.
issues that you care about. And here I've
Our prospects south of Mexico look just as
touched on just a few: the education, crime
exciting. We have signed framework trade
and economic growth, the capital gains tax,
and investment agreements with 28 coun-
Fed and banking reform. And I could talk,
tries in this hemisphere. And I have asked
too, about energy or transportation or
Congress to act promptly on legislation for
homeownership or tenant management in
debt reduction and a multilateral invest-
housing or in defense. But the point is, we
ment fund for the hemisphere. These
need Congress' help if we want to move
simple acts will let us put our Enterprise for
forward toward our goals. And looking out
the Americas Initiative into full effect and
on the enormous collection of talent, of
business talent, I can't resist asking you to
make Miami a key gateway to our Nation's
economic future.
volunteer in helping me persuade Congress
to get moving, not tomorrow, not next year,
I might say, having challenged the Con-
not the next congressional session, but now.
gress to take certain action on the domestic
And now I'd like to briefly look ahead. As
side, that we approach this Fast Track au-
we gather here, we can almost see a new
thority in a totally nonpartisan way. It
age of liberty dawning around the globe. I
wasn't Democrat; it wasn't Republican; it
can't think of a more exciting time in the
was just sound, good business that will help
history of our country to be President than
our neighbors and, in my view, will create
right now. The changes around the world
job after job right here in the United States
are amazing, and freedom and democracy
of America. It was government at its very
is on the move, and I think peace has a
best, and now we're working to hammer
much better chance than it's had in a long,
out an agreement that Congress can accept,
long time.
a trade agreement with Mexico and Canada
Now, I spoke of that new age just this
that Congress can enthusiastically endorse.
past Friday night in an address to the
And it shows that it can be done when you
American people. And because of the dra-
reach out and work across the aisle Republi-
matic changes that have swept our world,
can and Democrat and even Independent.
particularly in the Soviet Union, we are
So, that is what we've got to do, and I must
now able to take equally dramatic steps to
say, I think this sets a good example. And I
make our world safer from the threat of
hope when we bring these things to frui-
nuclear weapons. I am very pleased with
tion, Miami and south Florida will be the
the positive worldwide response to our an-
immediate beneficiaries of what I think is
nouncement, particularly from President
farsighted foreign policy.
Gorbachev.
But our hopes for the future involve
I believe that this announcement the
more than just the promise of trade, impor-
other day really does have the chance of
tant though that is. We also see a dramatic
removing fear from the minds and hearts of
increase in individual freedom and
our young people in schools, not just in our
empowerment throughout our region.
country, but all around the world.
Democratic elections, respect for human
We are seeing that new age of democracy
rights, economic liberty are fast becoming
and freedom also dawn right here in our
the rule, not the exception.
own hemisphere. With each passing day, we
This phenomenon just begs for a catchy
move closer to realizing the dream of free
name. Here's one, "La revolución sin fron-
trade, from the Arctic Circle to the Strait of
teras," the revolution without frontiers.
Magellan. Under President Carlos Salinas,
Now some here will know that I stole the
this outstanding young President of Mexico,
term. It comes from the bad old days of
1368
Administration of George Bush, 1991 / Sept. 30
Sandinista rule in Nicaragua. When Marxists
used this slogan, it signaled a threat to free-
community. You're an example to the rest
dom and sovereignty of Nicaragua's neigh-
of the country. And I salute you, I'm grate-
bors. Threat to the sovereignty, threat to
ful to you, and I might just say on a very
the freedom.
personal basis, thanks for embracing my
And how times have changed. Today, a
son, our daughter-in-law. We've got a
granddaughter here, and these Bushes feel
real liberation movement sweeps the globe.
And it threatens no one's peace or sover-
that they're an integral part of the love and
eignty, no one's right to worship, no one's
honor that is Miami. Thank you all very,
very much.
freedom to buy and sell, or to imagine and
create. It's the revolution of democracy.
And it makes possible the equally startling
Note: The President spoke at 3:33 p.m. at
revolution of ideas that gives rise to eco-
the James L. Knight International Center.
nomic progress.
In his remarks, he referred to James Batten,
In closing, it's absolutely impossible to
chairman and chief executive officer of
visit Miami these days without feeling that
Knight-Ridder, Newspaper, Inc.; Alvah
this revolution soon will sweep away our
Chapman, director and chairman of the ex-
hemisphere's last dictator, Fidel Castro. Al-
ecutive committee of Knight-Ridder; John
ready, a savvy team of experts from the
Anderson, president of the Beacon Council;
Greater Miami Chamber of Commerce has
Burt Landy, chairman of the Beacon Coun-
prepared a detailed report on the economic
cil; John Ellis (Jeb) Bush, the President's son
opportunities that will emerge along with
and former chairman of the Beacon Coun-
freedom in Cuba. Trade and investment
cil; Representative Ileana Ros-Lehtinen;
will offer new hope to the Cuban people
State insurance commissioner Tom Galla-
who have suffered enough despotism and
gher; Marlin Fitzwater, Press Secretary to
deprivation.
the President; Secretary of Education
Remember how we used to dream about
Lamar Alexander; Larry Lindsey and Susan
a free Cuba and a prosperous, free hemi-
Phillips, Presidential nominees to the Feder-
sphere? Well, it's no longer a fantasy. It's
al Reserve Board; Alan Greenspan, Chair-
inevitable in my view. Soon our new world,
man of the Federal Reserve Board; Presi-
our hemisphere of the Americas, will be a
dent Mikhail Gorbachev of the Soviet
community where liberty, peace, and pros-
Union; President Carlos Salinas de Gortari
perity know no frontiers. And Miami will
of Mexico; President Fidel Castro Ruz of
flourish, you can see it clearly, as its hub
Cuba; and the President's daughter-in-law
and as its beacon.
Columba Garnica Bush and granddaughter
Some have suggested to me that now is
Noelle. Following his remarks, the President
the time, given the enormous changes in
departed for New Orleans.
Eastern Europe, changes in the Soviet
Union, the changes for democracy south of
Mexico, that now is the time to alter our
policy towards Cuba.
Remarks at a Fundraising Dinner for
Let me tell you something, I'm not going
Governor Buddy Roemer in New
to change it one single bit. The Cuban
Orleans, Louisiana
people are entitled to have this wave of
democracy fulfill their dreams. And we
September 30, 1991
want to be a part of that answer, a part of
Thank you all very, very much. Thank
that new democracy in which many people
you, Buddy, and thank all of you. Thank
in this room can have such an active role as
you so very much for that warm welcome.
we try to bring commerce and prosperity to
I'm just delighted to be here. It was a won-
people that have been deprived too long
because they've been the victim of totalitar-
derful introduction, recalling why the
author Pearl Buck wrote, "I fell in love with
ianism.
Louisiana generally and New Orleans in
It's a great pleasure to be back here in
particular.' Well, thinking back to the 1988
Miami today. As I say, I think of the activity
convention, this town reminds me of win-
and the energy of Miami's civic business
ning. And I have a feeling that, come Octo-
1369
398
Mar. 4 / Administration of George Bush, 1992
ate jobs here isn't to cut and run, and we're
people. And I will do my level best. I will
not going to do that, ever. The way to create
continue to try my hardest in tough times,
jobs is by opening markets, opening markets
and I will continue to lead the greatest, freest
for exports everywhere in the world. And I'm
Nation on the face of the Earth. But I need
going to fight hard in every foreign market
your support on Tuesday, and I'll need it
to do that, and I'm going to resist-I don't
again in November.
care about the politics-I am going to resist
Thank you all, and may God bless our
the siren's call for protection. It is not good
great country.
for America. We are the leaders of the world
not in retreat.
Note: The President spoke at 1:30 p.m. at
And I'm going to fight hard, lastly, in every
the Omni Westshore Hotel. In his remarks,
primary, not for my sake but for America's.
he referred to Zach Zachariah, Bush-Quayle
I believe fundamentally we're an optimistic
financial cochairman for Florida; Jeb Bush,
people. We saw it after Desert Storm. We
Bush-Quayle chairman for Florida; Van
saw the country come together, and we were
Poole, Florida Republican Party chairman;
lifted up. And now we're subjected to some
and Al Austin, chairman of the luncheon.
tough economic times, and there's some icing
on that cake, with a lot of gloom and doom
over and over again coming out of the politi-
cal process itself.
Remarks at the Bush-Quayle South
I believe the American people want to
Florida Rally in Hialeah, Florida
hear about how we're going to address our
March 4, 1992
country's challenges. They want to hear solu-
tions, not just a lot of name-calling, and run-
The President. Thank you very, very
ning this country down. And I might say par-
much. What a wonderful turnout. Thank you.
enthetically, again without any regard to the
Thank you, Jeb. And may I first salute your
primaries, I think we've got to come together
great Congresswoman, Ileana Ros-Lehtinen,
as a country to resist the politics of ugliness
doing a superb job in Washington, DC;
and hate, racial bigotry. and discrimination.
Mayor Julio Martinez, also working at this
We've got to stand against that wherever we
important local level. And it's great to be
are.
back in south Florida. I believe I am the first
So, the bottom line is, I need your help.
President to visit Hialeah, but I am sure
I need your help to keep our party strong,
proud to be here. I want to mention three
keep it united so we can win this fall. And
other State leaders who can't be with us
yes, there are many challenges before us, and
today, senator Casas and representatives
I guarantee you we're going to meet them.
Garcia and Rojas. They'd planned on being
We are the United States of America. We're
here; they were called to Tallahassee for ac-
going to come out of these rough economic
tion in the legislature. And I just pay them
times. We are going to continue to lead the
my respects because they, too, are serving
world. And I, as President, am going to con-
you all very, very well.
S)
tinue to see that our national security is sec-
I wish we had a little more time here
ond to none around the world.
today. It would be great to have a Cafe
We're going to meet these challenges,
Cubano at Chico Two's, but time won't per-
meet them all across the State of Florida
mit it. And may I thank the people from
from the Panhandle down to the Florida
south Miami here who are providing us with
Keys. And yes, there's an important election
this cheering. And right over here, there they
next week, and then there's another one in
are, Hialeah.
n
November. And I say this, I hope without
I'm going to keep this speech short. When
arrogance, I am confident I am going to win
you've got to face the voters, you can't afford
this nomination. And I am confident I am
to give a 4-hour stemwinder, Castro-style. So
going to win this election, because I believe
I'll keep it shorter. Let me get right to the
that the values I've touched on here today
point of this visit. I want to be your President
are the fundamental values of the American
for 4 more years. We can, and we will, win
an
Administration of George Bush, 1992 / Mar. 4
399
elections up and down the line, in Congress,
And let me shift a little bit to a little bit
in the statehouses, and in local communities,
to do with foreign affairs. I am looking for-
for people that share our values, who are
ward to the day when democracy has tri-
working for jobs, family, peace. And to-
umphed and the Castro dictatorship nearby
gether, we can win a great victory on primary
is no more. And let me say to those people
day and then another one on November 3d,
outside who are concerned about their coun-
1992.
try: I want to see democracy restored to
You see, I think we agree on the big issues
Haiti, and we will continue to work for the
that shape the world, on the values that guide
return of President Aristide.
us at home. And I'm speaking of world peace,
I want to honor the Cuban brave human-
the importance of family, the need to create
rights activists and its martyrs for freedom
and sustain good jobs in a productive society.
and those who died resisting the dictatorship
We have big plans for this year. Here's
of Castro. And I'm looking forward to being
what we need to accomplish together. First,
the first President of the United States to
we are going to get that economy growing
set foot on the free soil of post-Castro Cuba.
and thriving. Help me with the Congress.
Audience members. Four more years!
And with Ileana's help, I will try to keep roll-
Four more years! Four more years!
ing back a Government that's too big and
The President. Let's look at the real situa-
spending too much. We'll try to keep working
tion in the world. Look around the world.
on that one, Ileana. And we're holding Con-
Fidel Castro is now hopelessly isolated. And
gress' feet to the fire, to meet this March
let me be very clear about this: We cannot
20th deadline for tax cuts to create jobs and
and we will not have a normal dialog with
incentives to get the housing market back on
Cuba as long as that dictatorship remains in
its feet. Right now, the tired old liberal lead-
power. And we do not and we will not help
ership in the Congress is moving in the
Castro police that prison state. We're going
wrong direction.
to keep heavy pressure on the outlaw regime,
You know, the House passed a bill that
and we are going to strictly maintain our em-
would raise taxes $100 billion, and if it comes
bargo.
to my desk, I am going to veto it so fast it'll
Now let me say, as I look at this situation
make your head swim. And let me say also,
as your President, Castro is showing signs of
desperation. Over the past year, he has inten-
we've got to break this stranglehold of Gov-
sified his persecution of people who attempt
ernment monopoly on the schools. You see,
free expression, of people who try to form
we say don't let the bureaucrats decide. Let
independent organizations. And the secret
the parents decide. Let the parents choose
police have carried out more arrests. The
where the children go to school. And let
Government-controlled mobs are increasing
them have the freedom to choose among pri-
their violence against brave individuals who
vate and parochial schools as well as public
stand up for the basic rights and liberties that
schools.
we take for granted in this country. And so,
Another point, and Jeb touched on it,
Castro is trying to crush the Cuban spirit and
we've got to take back our neighborhoods
the Cuban society in a manner like Stalin.
from the thugs and the drug dealers. Part
The world has run out of patience with
of the answer is a tough crime bill in Wash-
Fidel Castro. Let me give you a profound
ington, DC. Give me your support to get that
example of what I have just said. Yesterday,
passed. Our bill gives new protection to
at the Human Rights Commission in the
women and children, those that are victim-
United Nations in Geneva, they voted for the
ized by sex criminals. It stops endless ap-
strongest action ever against Castro's human
peals. And for the worst kind of crimes, it
rights abuses. And listen to this one: A new
provides the death penalty for the cop-killers
democracy, a brandnew democracy joined
and those narcotic kings. I support our po-
the world's condemnation of Castro's crimes,
lice, and I think we need to show more com-
and that democratic was Russia. Imagine the
passion for the victims of crime and be a little
change. Russia condemning Fidel Castro.
tougher on the criminals.
And the vote of that important Commission
400
Mar. 4 / Administration of George Bush, 1992
was overwhelming. The ex-communist states
When I think of Hialeah, I think of patriot-
of Bulgaria and Hungary and Czechoslovakia
ism and service to country. And the Florida
cosponsored that anti-Castro resolution. But
reservists and guardsmen answered that call
not a single Latin American country voted
for Desert Storm, and airmen and sailors
to defend Castro. It's changing. It's changing
from Florida's bases, and of course, the sol-
all around the world. And this man is isolated
diers of General Schwarzkopf, central com-
in his dictatorship.
mand all responded. And I am so proud of
But let me say this more positively. Let
those of you here who served. And with your
1
me say this more positively: When Castro
service and with your courage you said,
falls, and inevitably he will, we are going to
"Never will we tuck our tail and let aggres-
be instantly prepared to renew our friendship
sion stand." And we fought. And we won.
and then help instantly in the rebuilding of
And you that served deserve the credit.
c
a free and democratic Cuba. And I'm talking
And there were those who didn't support
b
about a lot of trade. And while I'm on that
us then, and there are those who second-
v
subject, let me mention in a broad sense that
guess us now. But not the good people of
the people I am running against for President
Hialeah. Not the people of Florida. And
of the United States, or who are running
when our kids laid it on the line, you never
against me, do not share this vision of free
wavered. And for this, I want to thank the
and fair trade. They want to barricade our
people of this great State.
borders against job-creating trade. And
And every 4 years we have this political
R
they're the same kind of people that said to
dance. And now we are in the battle for the
Ja
Columbus, "The Earth is flat, don't go." And
future of the United States of America. And
M
as for me, I'm going to keep working to in-
we are determined to leave our kids the best
crease the flow of foreign trade and invest-
legacy possible. We want to lead the world
ment, which is the lifeblood of modern
in good jobs with productive work. We want
in
Miami. We will not go back to the sorry, sad,
to remain a powerful force, the single world
th
pessimistic days of protectionism. We're not
leader for world peace and freedom. And
hc
going to do that as long as I am President.
we're fighting to protect our most basic insti-
he
Myson, Jeb, told me that there were many
tution, the one that means so much to the
AI
people right here in the Guards and in the
people of Hialeah, and I'm talking about the
CO
Reserve and in the regulars that served in
family.
an
Desert Storm. And they served with great
And on primary day and in November, you
Ar
patriotism. And let me say to them: You did
are going to have the future of this country
G
a first-class job.
in your hands. And you can prove your faith
Ev
And now you're seeing in this political year
in self-government. You can prove that this
the
many people that are saying cut the heart
epitomizes success in America, people that
Qu
out of defense. Cut it all up. Cut it away.
come here halfway around the world and
and
Don't have a defense. Let me tell you some-
then make a success of their lives. You can
tha
thing. I am going to keep this country strong
prove your success, and we can prove the
tion
and ready for the challenges ahead, whatever
pessimists wrong. So stand up and vote for
sin;
they may be. Yes, we can make cutbacks. Be-
what you believe in. Show Florida your
stit
cause these people fought so well, our credi-
strength. Show America the power that you
mai
bility is high, communism is on the run, de-
represent. And give me 4 more years as
anc
mocracy is going forward. We can make cuts
President of the United States of America.
for
in defense, but true to form, the liberals want
Audience members. Four more years!
I
to cut it to the bone. And we must not let
Four more years! Four more years!
ad
that happen. I am for prudent cuts. We have
The President. Thank you all. Thank you
Mis
suggested some. They're on the rec-
all, and may God bless the greatest country
of
ommendation of the Joint Chiefs and of
on the face of the Earth. Thank you very
Wa:
Colin Powell and of Dick Cheney. But I am
much.
tion
not going to permit these people to gut de-
ing,
fense so they can run off and spend your
Note: The President spoke at 6:08 p.m. at
peri
money in a reckless way.
the Milander Park Stadium.
the
THE WHITE HOUSE
09 NOV 14 P5: 5°
Office of the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
November 13, 1989
The President today announced the formation of the President's
Drug Advisory Council.
The Council will assist the President and the Director of
National Drug Control Policy, William Bennett, in the development
and promotion of our national drug policy. The Council will
complement Director Bennett's public sector efforts by
communicating with the American people, encouraging private
sector involvement, establishing a national support group, and
soliciting the views of the American people.
The President today announced his intention to appoint the
following individuals to be the Chairman and members of the
President's Drug Advisory Council:
CHAIRMAN:
WILLIAM MOSS, of Texas. Mr. Moss is President and Chairman of
the Board of William Moss Corporation.
MEMBERS:
ALVIN L. BROOKS, of Missouri. Mr. Brooks is Director of the
Kansas City Human Relations Department and Executive Director and
Founder of the Ad Hoc Group Against Crime.
PATRICIA ANN BURCH, of Maryland. Mrs. Burch is a founding member
of the National Federation of Parents for Drug Free Youth and the
National Partnership to Prevent Drug and Alcohol Abuse.
JAMES E. BURKE, of New Jersey. Mr. Burke is former Chairman and
CEO of Johnson and Johnson and is Chairman of its Strategic
Planning Committee.
ALVAH H. CHAPMAN, JR., of Florida. Mr. Chapman is former
Chairman of the Board of Knight-Ridder, Inc. and is Director and
Chairman of its Executive Committee.
ADMIRAL WILLIAM J. CROWE, JR., U.S. Navy, retired, of Virginia.
Admiral Crowe is former Chairman cf the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
LEE I. DOGOLOFF, of Maryland. Mr. Dogoloff is Executive Director
of the American Council for Drug Education.
-more-
MODESTO MAIDIQUE, of Florida. Mr. Maidique is President of
Florida International University.
JOE NATHAN, of Minnesota. Mr. Nathan is Senior Fellow at the
Minnesota. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs at the University of
National School Boards Association.
JAMES R. OGLESBY, of Virginia. Mr. Oglesby is President of the
FRANK H. T. RHODES, of New York. Mr. Rhodes is President of
Cornell University.
ALBERT SHANKER, of Washington, D.C. Mr. Shanker is President of
the American Federation of Teachers.
DONALD M. STEWART, of New York. Mr. Stewart is President of the
College Board.
ROBERT M. TEETER, of Michigan. Mr. Teeter is President of the
Coldwater Corporation.
###
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
October 24, 1989
The President today announced his intention to appoint the
following individuals to be Chairman and Members of the
President's Education Policy Advisory Committee:
CHAIRMAN:
PAUL H. O'NEILL, of Pennsylvania. Mr. O'Neill is Chief Executive
Officer of the Aluminum Company of America.
MEMBERS:
JOHN F. AKERS, of Connecticut. Mr. Akers is Chairman of the
Board of the International Business Machines Corporation.
LAMAR ALEXANDER, of Tennessee. Mr. Alexander is President of the
University of Tennessee.
CAROLYN R. BACON, of Texas. Ms. Bacon is Executive Director of
the O'Donnell Foundation.
THOMAS E. BARTON, JR., of South Carolina. Mr. Barton is
President of Greenville Technical College.
WILLIAM E. BROCK, of Tennessee. Mr. Brock is President of The
Brock Group.
JUANA DAINIS, of New York. Ms. Dainis is Deputy Superintendent
of Schools, District 4, East Harlem, New York City.
JAMES E. DUFFY, of New York. Mr. Duffy is Vice President of
Capital Cities/ABC, Incorporated.
JAIME ESCALANTE, of California. Mr. Escalante is an educator at
Garfield High School in Los Angeles.
MARVIN L. ESCH, of Michigan. Mr. Esch is President of The
Communications Group.
H. DEAN EVANS, of Indiana. Mr. Evans is Superintendent of Public
Instruction for the State of Indiana.
CHESTER E. FINN, JR., of Maryland. Mr. Finn is Director of the
Educational Excellence Network.
KEITH B. GEIGER, of Michigan. Mr. Geiger is President of the
National Education Association.
WYATT THOMAS JOHNSON, JR., of California. Mr. Johnson is Vice
Chairman of The Times-Mirror Company.
THOMAS H. KEAN, of New Jersey. Mr. Kean is Governor of New
Greed
man is never on the square
he uses up the fat and greenery of the earth
each generation wastes a little more
of the future with greed and lust for riches
DON MARQUIS, "What the Ants Are Saying," stanza 5, Archy Does His Part, in The
Lives and Times of Archy & Mehitabel, p. 475 (1950).
Guilt
834 Friends and comrades! On that side [south] are toil, hunger, nakedness, the drench-
ing storm, desertion, and death; on this side ease and pleasure. There lies Peru with its
riches; here, Panama and its poverty. Choose, each man, what best becomes a brave
Castilian. For my part, I go to the south.
FRANCISCO PIZARRO.-This English translation of a 1527 manuscript is in William H.
Prescott, History of the Conquest of Peru, vol. 1, p. 263 (1848).
835 He who flies proves himself guilty.
Danish proverb.-Robert Christy, Proverbs, Maxims and Phrases of All Ages, vol.
1, p. 471 (1888).
The Bible says, "The wicked flee when no man pursueth."-Proverbs 28:1.
836 That deed which in our guilt we today call weakness, will appear tomorrow as an
essential link in the complete chain of Man.
KAHLIL GIBRAN, The Voice of the Master, trans. Anthony R. Ferris, p. 32 (1958).
837
He declares himself guilty who justifies himself before accusation.
Proverb.-Robert Christy, Proverbs, Maxims and Phrases of All Ages, p. 470, no.
12 (1888).
The Oxford Dictionary of English Proverbs, 3d ed., rev. F. P. Wilson, p. 234 (1970),
has "He who excuses himself, accuses himself." Shakespeare expressed it as, "And often-
times excusing of a fault / Doth make the fault the worse by the excuse."-King John, act
IV, scene ii, lines 30-31.
Haiti
838 Those of you who have been there [Haiti] know it is one of the most beautiful
countries in the world. It has everything. It has everything above the ground, and every-
thing under the ground.
It is an amazing place. I strongly recommend that whenever
you get a chance, if you haven't been there, that you go to Haiti. I think it was a certain
Queen of England who said that after her death "Calais" would be found written on her
heart. When I die, I think that "Haiti" is going to be written on my heart.
President FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT, toast to the President of Haiti, White House
dinner, October 14, 1943.-The Public Papers and Addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt,
1943, p. 430 (1950).
It was Queen Mary I of England who said, "When I am dead and opened, you shall
find Calais laying in my heart."-John Foxe, The Acts and Monuments of John Foxe, ed.
Stephen Reed Cattley, vol. 8, book 12, p. 625 (1839). During her reign, England had lost
Calais to the French.
161
PN6081
P55
WH
Respectfully
Quoted
A Dictionary of Quotations
Requested from the
Congressional Research Service
edited by Suzy Platt
Congressional Reference Division
PROPERTY OF
LIBRARY
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF
THE PRESIDENT
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS . WASHINGTON . 1989
Services of Mead Data Central, Inc.
PAGE 19
18TH STORY of Level 1 printed in FULL format.
Copyright 1991 The Hartford Courant Company
The Hartford Courant
December 30, 1991, A Edition
SECTION: LIFESTYLES; Pg. A7
LENGTH: 1539 words
HEADLINE: The worst of 1991 in rock;
1991: blunders, bleeps, bloopers in a strange year of rock 'n' roll
BYLINE: ROGER CATLIN; Courant Rock Critic
BODY:
Coincidence? When the year began, Vanilla Ice dominated the charts. Then the
gulf war started. It was just the beginning of an especially trying rock 'n'
roll year, parts of which have been collected here for easy disposal.
And he never got an MTV Buzz Clip: Country's Garth Brooks dominates the
charts toward the end of the year.
Best way to meet babes, '91 style: Warrant lead singer Janie Lane marries
the star of their "Cherry Pie" video.
Bands that broke up: Replacements (again), Throwing Muses, Jane's Addiction,
Poison (if we're lucky).
Out of the "Two Rooms": Elton John dresses up in drag to needle Rod Stewart
while on stage at London's Wembly stadium.
Now everything's long hair or a cowboy hat: When Billboard changed the
system for ranking albums on its charts, now relying only on actual sales,
things like Fishbone drop like a stone, and country and metal just about take
over. With nowhere to go but down: An album premiering on the charts at No. 1 --
something that hadn't been done since Michael Jackson's "Bad" - happens all the
time under the new system. Starting at the top this year were Skid Row, Van
Halen, Metallica, Garth Brooks, Guns N' Roses, U2 and Michael Jackson. Material
wearing thin: Madonna overkill reaches its pinnacle when she does interviews
with everybody about her film that chronicles her tour.
People say I'm crazy/Doin' what I'm doin': EMF is chastised for using a bit
of John Lennon assassin Mark David Chapman's voice reciting lyrics to Lennon's
"Watching the Wheels" on its song "Lies."
Ignorance is Nirvana: Some teen magazines won't write about newly popular
Nirvana because it thinks a major advertiser, Teen Spirit, would be upset about
their hit song, "Smells Like Teen Spirit."
He got out of jail for this? James Brown does a duet show with M.C. Hammer
on HBO.
Operation Desert Storm, it wasn't: "Operation Rock 'n' Roll," featuring
Judas Priest, Alice Cooper, Motorhead and Metal Church tops the list of
worst-grossing concerts of the year by the North American Concert Promoters
LEXIS'NEXIS'LEXIS'NEXIS
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PAGE 20
1991 The Hartford Courant, December 30, 1991
Association, which say it collectively lost $ 4 million this year.
Somebody's making money in a recession: Despite a reported 30 percent
downturn in the record industry and the worst year for concerts yet, many record
companies offer unprecedented amounts for name acts such as Janet Jackson,
Michael Jackson and, for some reason, Aerosmith.
Highest-priced program: $ 20 at Paula Abdul's concert.
Most revealing program: George Michael's, in which he states, among other
things, "I used to feel like I was a fraud, I used to think that there was an
element of me that someday everyone was going to wake up to and that everything
was going to be taken away."
It's Only Jingoism, But I Like It: Radio rejects the Rolling Stones' best
new single in years because it doesn't match the rah-rah wartime sentiment of
its listeners.
The year in Milli Vanilli news: Rob and Fab appear in a Care-Free gum ad,
parodying themselves. Then, showing that they are not exactly carefree, Rob
threatens suicide because of harassment to his family over his lip-synching.
Taking advantage of Temptations reunion: Singer Eddie Kendricks was arrested
after former fellow Temptation David Ruffin's funeral for non-payment of $
26,000 in child support. The price of fame: When a woman in a Denver 7-Eleven
mentioned she didn't know who the Black Crowes were, lead singer Chris Robinson
spit at her, the woman said. Then he walked out of the store with two cases of
beer without paying for them.
The one little spark his career needed: Danny Bonaduce of the Partridge
Family is arrested for beating a transvestite prostitute in Phoenix, then goes
on the road doing stand-up routines about the incident.
The relative worth of pop stars according to doll prices: The M.C. Hammer
Doll was $ 19.95 at Christmastime, while the Vanilla Ice doll was $ 7.99. The
New Kids on the Block dolls, however, bottomed out at $ 6.99 in concert clothes,
$ 4.99 in street fashions.
Next goal, the Latin charts: After putting out five albums in less than two
years, including two double albums (that's seven discs overall), Paul McCartney
finally gets a No. 1 - when his "Liverpool Oratorio" tops the classical charts.
Bob Marley is dead; Eric Clapton was touring: A man suspected of shooting a
sheriff's deputy in California, Mo., then went to the sheriff's home and shot
and killed his wife while her husband investigated the first incident.
Meltdown: After starting the year with a No. 1 album, Vanilla Ice follows
with a flop second album, a flop movie and a flop soundtrack album. He ends up
the year on the network safety net for has-beens, "Circus of the Stars."
Now to find a copy of that record: A study at Florida International
University found that a group of students listening to Pigbag's "Papa's Got
a Brand New Pigbag" were more productive than students listening to silence or
Windham Hill instrumentals. But did he lip-synch? Punker GG Allin was arrested
in Orlando, Fla., after a performance that included urination, defecation and
LEXIS'NEXIS'LEXIS NEXIS
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PAGE 21
1991 The Hartford Courant, December 30, 1991
bloodying himself on stage before running naked through his audience. And maybe
because it was insipid and had nothing to do with the song: Because of parental
complaints, Michael Jackson decided to eliminate the four-minute dance sequence
following his song "Black or White" in which he unzips his pants and smashes a
car's windows. It certainly doesn't to him: Michael Jackson, who has had several
nose jobs and has apparently lightened his skin color over the years, declares
in his new single, "It don't matter if you're black or white."
Of course, "Man in the Mirror" didn't affect anyone either: In a statement
accompanying the decision to pull the dance sequence, Jackson said: "It upsets
me to think that 'Black or White' could influence any child or adult to
destructive behavior, either sexual or violent." Maybe they were jockeying to
leave quickly: Nearly 1,000 people were injured at a Berlin concert by New Kids
on the Block.
You won't see it on "ABC In Concert": For Jane's Addiction's final concert,
singer Perry Ferrel takes off all his clothes. Amnesty International will be
notified: A judge in Key West, Fla., sentenced a man charged with playing reggae
music too loudly by making him listen to 101 Strings for two hours.
Stupidest haircut of the year: "The Roman" as modeled by George Michael. And
Graceland can do anything it wants: The Memphis Jaycees apologize to the Elvis
Presley estate for a room at their annual haunted house featuring "Dead Elvis."
It was decorated with a toilet, empty pizza boxes, pill bottles and partly eaten
jelly doughnuts.
At least he didn't shave his head: Former California Gov. Jerry Brown began
his third campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination with a speech that
stole liberally from a Midnight Oil song without attribution.
How come nobody uses "Smells Like Teen Spirit"?: U.S. Sen. Bob Kerrey,
D-Neb., began his presidential campaign with a speech that was sandwiched
between "Born in the U.S.A." by Bruce Springsteen and "Small Town" by John
Cougar Mellencamp. Leaving a wide opening for M.C. Cougar: Recording artists
Hammer and John Mellencamp officially shortened their names.
What if they perform in shawls over their pointy bras? Proposals for Madonna
and Michael Jackson to sing in Pakistan outrage a powerful religious party,
which threatens to respond with mass anti-government protests.
But they were good bits: Bits of a guitar smashed onstage by Jimi Hendrix
fetch $ 50,200 at an auction of rock 'n' roll and film memorabilia.
Justified by camera shyness: Ax1 Rose of Guns N' Roses starts a riot in St.
Louis when he ends a concert early after jumping into the audience to accost a
fan who has a camera.
Rudeness N' Rebelliousness: Axl appears two hours late for a show at Nassau
Coliseum, then is similarly late in Texas, and is routinely late during the fall
tour in Worcester and New York.
Smart entertainment in the meantime: While waiting for Axl to hit the stage,
the video crew focuses in on women in the audience and encourages them to show
their breasts. Officials at the Worcester Centrum consider ending the concert
for that reason. And "For Yours Eyes Only" is "Sweet Child o' Mine II": Axl
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1991 The Hartford Courant, December 30, 1991
proclaims that Paul McCartney's "Live and Let Die" is its "Welcome to the Jungle
II."
Good thing he doesn't read The Courant: The day after a so-so review in The
New York Times, Axl Rose demanded that Times critic Jon Pareles join him on
stage for a point-by-point debate. Pareles demurred, 50 Axl read the review
onstage the next night anyway.
Things we don't need: "Hammerman," the TV cartoon show. Gerardo, the Latino
rapper. Nelson, the group. Marky Mark, the rapping New Kid brother.
Rest in peace: Miles Davis, Freddie Mercury, Bill Graham, Gene Clark, Steve
Marriott, Johnny Thunders, David Ruffin, Def Leppard guitarist Steve Clark, Doc
Pomus, Rob Tyner, Kiss drummer Eric Carr, Leo Fender. Things to look forward to
in 1992: Yoko Ono boxed set. Spinal Tap's new album. Lovin' Spoonful reunion
tour. Latest Axl Rose outburst. Elvis Presley's return at 12:01 a.m. New Year's
Day, according to current Weekly World News.
GRAPHIC: Rick Pinchera/Special to The Courant
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11TH STORY of Level 1 printed in FULL format.
Copyright 1992 The Washington Post
The Washington Post
February 8, 1992, Saturday, Final Edition
SECTION: FIRST SECTION; PAGE A1
LENGTH: 966 words
HEADLINE: 'We're the Perfect Americans';
South Florida's Haitians Build Proud, Vigorous Community
SERIES: Occasional
BYLINE: William Booth, Washington Post Staff Writer
DATELINE: MIAMI, Feb. 7
BODY:
From a distance, Haitian refugees can seem a desperate, dazed and diseased
people hopelessly adrift in rickety boats, a horde of economic outcasts. The
Bush administration is having them intercepted and returned home.
But here in south Florida, Haitian immigrants have built a growing and
vigorous community. While not exactly affluent, they own hundreds of businesses,
send their children to school and generally are known as law-abiding and hard
workers.
"We're the perfect Americans," said Michel Lubin, a Haitian immigrant whose
outlet of beauty supplies for blacks is among the nation's largest. He was
speaking in a cramped office surrounded by an American flag, a picture of
President Bush, a portrait of ousted Haitian president Jean-Bertrand Aristide
and a painting of a nude woman in a jungle setting.
The administration maintains that the Haitians are economic, not political,
refugees and thus ineligible for asylum. Critics, however, have said the policy
is driven in part by a belief that thousands of new immigrants would overwhelm
south Florida and disrupt the regional economy, already reeling from a 9.6
percent unemployment rate and the demoralizing collapse of such stalwarts as Pan
American and Eastern airlines.
However, many researchers, business executives, teachers, doctors and
politicians here do not seem too disturbed by potential influx of 10,000 or more
Haitians.
In fact, the heads of schools and hospitals, the very institutions most
likely to be burdened by incoming Haitians, said they are no more disruptive
than any of the other refugee groups that have poured into this city over the
past decade.
Miami Mayor Xavier Suarez often speaks about the plight of Haitians, who
comprise a growing number of his constitutents. He would like to see more of
them allowed into the United States. So too would Sen. Connie Mack (R-Fla.), who
today called on Bush to delay the refugees' return.
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The Washington Post, February 8, 1992
"By and large, their impact is not measurably different from any other
in-migrating group," said Ira Clark, president of Jackson Memorial Hospital,
which works with many of the Haitians. "If it is different, it's probably
positive. They're very hard-working people."
Marietta Mischia, principal of Toussaint Louverture Elementary School, 85
percent of whose 1,220 students are Haitian, said Haitian children "are no
more of a burden and no less than the Nicaraguans, the Cubans and everybody
else."
About 6,600 Haitians are among the 300,000 children in Dade County public
schools here. In the hallways of Louverture Elementary, a visitor can hear
Spanish, English, Creole and French. Mischia said Haitian children generally
learn English in about two or three years.
"Haitians really believe in education," said Alex Stepick, an anthropologist
at Florida International University, who has tracked the lives of Haitian
just comes. as the immigrants are called, over the past decade. "Haitians are
forever enrolling in classes."
Twenty years ago, few Haitians were counted in south Florida. Now,
authorities said, there could be 100,000 or more in Dade and adjacent Broward
County. The "Little Haiti" neighborhood, which began with a few shops in the
mid-1970s, encompasses scores of city blocks from south to north.
Ringo Cayard, president of the Haitian American Foundation, said Haitians own
800 businesses in Miami, most of them "mom and pap" shops selling records and
tapes, car repairs, groceries, clothes and services. "Haitians are good for
America," he said.
Those coming here, particularly by sea, usually come from the Haitian
countryside and are poor and often illiterate, Cayard said.
When they arrive, Stepick said, they work as cooks, maids, busboys and
gardeners. Many drive gypsy cabs.
Rarely do they take welfare because many are here illegally and because
welfare does not provide enough money to support living here and sending some
back home. Haitians customarily put up relatives and friends for months, Stepick
said.
In general, Haitians have no significant impact on the rate of violent crime,
according to Miami police. Cayard said Little Haiti is one of the safest
neighborhoods in Miami. Indeed, tourists on foot often stroll the heart of
Little Haiti.
"For the past decade, most refugees I've seen are like country boys coming to
a big city," said Sgt. Yves Fortune, a Haitian-American officer on the Metro
Dade police force. "Contrary to what most people think, newly arrived Haitians
are more likely victims of crime than perpetrators."
Polling by Robert Joffee of Mason-Dixon Opinion Research for the Miami Herald
and a local television station found that, in December, most Floridians did not
want the Haitians ousted.
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The Washington Post, February 8, 1992
"Most folks are sympathetic," Joffee said. "I didn't see any evidence of
widespread xenophobia. People seem willing to give them a chance."
Some critics said the Bush administration's policy of sending back refugees
is racially motivated, and many people here said they detect a double standard.
Cuban refugees are welcomed as heroes, but Haitian refugees are sent home.
"There's an ambivalence," said economist Antonio Jorge of Florida
International, who has written widely on the regional impact of Cuban refugees.
"Everybody wishes them well. But from a practical standpoint, any large
migration of unskilled laborers causes problems."
Hospital President Clark said that, "with some preplanning, with some
accurate information and with some federal support, we could assimilate the
Haitians with less problems than we had taking in the Nicaraguans."
Gov. Lawton Chiles (D) has requested $ 35 million from the federal Emergency
Immigration Fund to help south Florida resettle the Haitians.
"That's the point," Joffee said. "People here are willing to take them. They
just want some help."
GRAPHIC: PHOTO, HAITIAN EMIGRE MICHAEL LUBIN'S BEAUTY SUPPLY STORE IS ONE OF THE
ESTIMATED 800 HAITIAN-OWNED BUSINESSES IN MIAMI. CARL JUSTE FOR TWP
TYPE: NATIONAL NEWS, FOREIGN NEWS
SUBJECT: FLORIDA; HAITI; ALIENS; REFUGEES
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13TH STORY of Level 1 printed in FULL format.
Copyright 1992 The Atlanta Constitution
The Atlanta Journal and Constitution
January 26, 1992
SECTION: STATE NEWS; SECTION A; PAGE 03
LENGTH: 732 words
HEADLINE: Peace Corps veterans bring their skills home; Program allows them to
teach, pursue degrees
BYLINE: By Connie Green STAFF WRITER
KEYWORD: schools: rural; education; personnel; aid; colleges; southern; states
BODY:
Sparta, Ga. - Four years ago, Olga Biancheri was living in a rat- infested
hut with a leaky roof in the Philippines, teaching science to high schoolers as
a Peace Corps volunteer.
This year, she's living in a small Georgia town teaching Spanish to children
in a rural elementary school hundreds of miles from her native New York City.
"Hola, clase," she chirps as she wheels her materials and tape recorder into a
class of kindergartners.
"Hola, Ms. B!" they reply.
Ms. Biancheri is one of 11 returned Peace Corps volunteers teaching in rural
and urban school districts in the South as part of the nationwide Peace Corp
Fellows/USA program. Six are in Georgia, one is in Alabama and four are in
Louisiana.
The program will expand next fall to Mississippi and Florida, thanks to a $
331, 663 Knight Foundation grant to develop programs at Florida International
University in Miami, the University of Southern Mississippi in Biloxi and
other colleges around the nation.
"The grant is to ensure that the universities provide a quality teacher
training program for the fellows," said Henry Fernandez, Peace Corps Fellows
director.
A biology and Spanish major, Ms. Biancheri has gone from teaching science to
classes of 70 students in the Philippines to schooling Georgia children from
kindergarten to third grade in Spanish.
She introduces new words on flash cards. She enunciates a word, and the
children parrot her in their Southern accents. They thrust small hands into the
air to respond to her questions in Spanish. Then the music starts, and the
children dance in their seats to a salsa beat while counting to 40.
"Adios, clase." "Adios, Ms. B!" And she's wheeling her materials off to the
next class.
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1992 The Atlanta Journal and Constitution, January 26, 1992
The 5-year-old program trains returned volunteers for hard-to-fill teaching
positions in U.S. public schools. The fellows make a two-year commitment to
teach in these communities while studying for a master's degree. Since most were
not education majors, they have to earn the necessary certification. School
systems pay them beginning teacher salaries.
The returned volunteers have a chance to share their skills and varied
experiences with different cultures and languages abroad to fill needed gaps in
education at home, Mr. Fernandez said.
Mississippi is seeking four fellows for schools in the southern part of the
state. Florida hapes to place at least eight in the Dade County public schools.
Schools on the Mississippi Gulf Coast need people with background in the
culture and languages of Southeast Asia, said James 0. Schnur, dean of the
College of Education and Psychology at USM.
"We've got a lot of boat people's children in the schools on the coast, and
language is a real problem," Dr. Schnur said.
Dade County needs teachers who have worked in the Caribbean
Basin, particularly people who speak the unique French dialect used in Haiti.
"We are trying to draw on cultural and language experiences to bridge the
gaps between teachers and students, said Dr. Robert Farrell, associate
professor of education at Florida International University.
The grant also will make it possible to bring at least five more fellows to
rural Georgia, and there are plenty of applicants, said Bee Crews, director of
the Peace Corps program at Georgia College in Milledgeville.
While studying at Georgia College, Ms. Biancheri, 26, teaches at M.E. Lewis
Sr. Elementary School, outside the tiny town of Sparta, Ga., where horses graze
in a pasture across from the school and Principal Ralph Warren has found it hard
to keep Spanish instructors.
Mr. Warren says she has adjusted well.
"She's an excellent teacher. She's cooperative, hard-working and willing to
accept criticism," Mr. Warren said. "The time spent with the Peace Corps helped
develop maturity and vision of what education can be even with just basic
necessities."
Ms. Biancheri said she loves the rural setting and her students,
who exchange greetings in Spanish with her in the hallways. It's been satisfying
to watch their progress, she said.
"In the Philippines, people lived a simple life," Ms. Biancheri said. "They
were poor, but they seemed to be happy. It made me realize that you don't need a
lot of things to be happy.
"I went to college in the South, and I love it here. I have a two- year
commitment, but I'll probably stay longer."
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PAGE 16
1992 The Atlanta Journal and Constitution, January 26, 1992
GRAPHIC: Photo: Olga Biancheri teaches Spanish to kindergartners at M.E. Lewis
Sr. Elementary School in Sparta / JOHNNY CRAWFORD / Staff
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PAGE 17
15TH STORY of Level 1 printed in FULL format.
Copyright 1992 Star Tribune
Star Tribune
January 19, 1992, Metro Edition
SECTION: Marketplace: Pg. 3D
LENGTH: 701 words
HEADLINE: Life after college no picnic these days
BYLINE: Jane Gross
DATELINE: San Francisco, Calif.
BODY:
Lauren Bolfango, a recent law school graduate, works 37 1/2 hours a week
researching cases, writing pleas and motions and doing other standard tasks of a
new associate in a small law firm.
What sets her apart is that she does the work without charge, after losing
hope that her search for employment would ever produce a real job and deciding
that volunteering in her chosen profession was better than being unemployed.
"I got tired of sitting around and watching soaps, said Bolfango, 27, who
graduated last spring from the University of California's Hastings College of
Law. She contacted 100 law firms in search of a job, without a glimmer of an
offer.
Bolfango is one of thousands of educated young professionals who have had
the misfortune to begin their working lives in a deteriorating economy that has
cut a mean swath through the white-collar work force. For some that has meant
unemployment, lower wages or no wages at all. For others, it has meant deferred
dreams, changed career plans or extended apprenticeships.
Some recent Ivy League graduates are tending bar and driving taxicabs, and
doctoral students are stalling completion of their dissertations because
staying in a $ 20,000-a-year teaching assistantship is better than leaving a
university and having no job.
Internships that used to last for a few summer months are turning into
year-round jobs at less than year-round salaries. And dean's list applicants who
once preferred the riches of private industry are turning to government agencies
that have entry-level slots to fill.
A turn from the private to the public sector can be costly. R. David Powell,
a recent graduate of Emory University Law School in Atlanta. Powell hoped to
practice real-estate law at a large firm in the city for a salary of about $
50,000. Instead, he accepted a position as law clerk to Chief U.S. Magistrate
Allen Chancey for $ 32,500 a year.
These young people seem to understand that the situation is even worse for
working-class peers, who are hungry for blue-collar positions that are even
harder to find. They say they know they are lucky, although not as lucky as
their friends and siblings who entered the work force in the 1980s.
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PAGE 18
Star Tribune, January 19, 1992
And many are showing verve and enterprise in translating adversity into
opportunity. That is the case with Andrew Yap, a recent graduate of Florida
International University in Miami, who offered to work as an intern without
pay at a local business magazine, impressed his superiors and four months later
wound up with exactly the marketing research job he wanted at the magazine's
parent company. But their voices still quaver with disappointment or resignation
when they talk of what they are doing vs. what they expected, their prospects
today VS. those of friends just a few years ahead of them.
What distinguishes this recession from the last is the toll it is taking on
white-collar jobs. In the 1981 recession, according to the Bureau of Labor
Statistics in Washington, D.C., 838,000 new white-collar jobs were created,
while this time 209,000 have been lost. "The number of options young people have
is certainly narrowed," said Thomas Plewes, the bureau's associate commissioner
for employment and unemployment statistics.
There is widespread disagreement among experts about whether the dearth of
jobs has forced lower salaries and benefits for the entry-level professionals
who find can work in their fields. But they concur that only the cream of the
crop of lawyers, bankers, engineers, professors, journalists and the like are
finding the jobs they expected.
And these experts say a growing number of companies, as they cut back their
costly experienced work force, are expecting younger workers to do more for the
same amount of money.
Wendy Lamm, a photographer at the Oakland Tribune, earns about $ 22,000 a
year, 20 percent less than colleagues hired just weeks earlier. The paper
instituted a two-tier wage system last year as part of a plan to keep the
newspaper afloat. Lamm is grateful for the job, "but there's this sense that the
ceiling has dropped," she said. "You can't live the way you thought you'd be
able to live."
SUBJECT: employment; economy; college
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6
9TH REFERENCE of Level 1 printed in FULL format.
Copyright 1992 The New York Times Company: Abstracts
TITL: IN BRIEF
REFR: MIAMI HERALD Section B; Page 2, Column 5 JOURNAL-CODE MH
DATE: February 6, 1992, Thursday
ABST: Beacon, student newspaper at Florida International University,
receives top honors from Columbia Scholastic Press Association after it scores
986 out of 1,000 points in annual college newspaper competition (S)
DESC: NEWS AND NEWS MEDIA; COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES
COMP: FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY; BEACON ( FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL
UNIVERSITY)
School Newspaper
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5
8TH REFERENCE of Level 1 printed in FULL format.
Copyright 1992 The New York Times Company: Abstracts
AUTH: BY KIMBERLY CROCKETT
TITL: HIGH TECH TO LINK KIDS IN MIAMI AND MOSCOW
REFR: MIAMI HERALD Section B; Page 1, Column 1 JOURNAL-CODE MH
DATE: February 18, 1992, Tuesday
ABST: Linked by goodwill and modern technology, middle-school students in
Miami's inner city will learn Russian language and culture under program
outlined by educators from Moscow and Miami; in Moscow, children will learn
English and about Miami's diversity; Florida International University, Dade
County Public Schools and Institute for Soviet Education at Indiana University
worked together with Russian Ministry of Education to put together project (M)
DESC: EDUCATION AND SCHOOLS; RUSSIAN LANGUAGE; CULTURE; ENGLISH LANGUAGE
COMP: FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY; INSTITUTE FOR SOVIET EDUCATION
(INDIANA UNIVERSITY)
NAME: CROCKETT, KIMBERLY
GEOT: MIAMI (FLA); MOSCOW (USSR); COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES; DADE
COUNTY (FLA)
Trivia
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8
19TH REFERENCE of Level 1 printed in FULL format.
Copyright 1991 The New York Times Company: Abstracts
TITL: THE BEST EDUCATION STARTS AT HOME
REFR: MIAMI HERALD Section A; Page 15, Column 2 JOURNAL-CODE MH
DATE: March 26, 1991, Tuesday
ABST: Florida International University president Modesto A Maidique op-ed
article; says the crisis in education, according to seven students from an
inner-city high school in Miami, is a crisis in parenting, not a crisis in the
schools; photo (M)
DESC: EDUCATION AND SCHOOLS; FAMILIES AND FAMILY LIFE; CHILDREN AND YOUTH
NAME: MAIDIQUE, MODESTO A
GEOT: UNITED STATES
DOCT: EDITORIAL COLUMN
ILLU: Photograph
have lows/nexus abstracts for Miami Herald
only avail on
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PAGE 3
5TH REFERENCE of Level 1 printed in FULL format.
Copyright 1992 The New York Times Company: Abstracts
TITL: GIFT OF A GIFT
REFR: MIAMI HERALD Section B; Page 5, Column 1 JOURNAL-CODE MH
DATE: March 10, 1992, Tuesday
ABST: Outgoing Florida Senate Pres Gwen Margolis declines traditional gift to
outgoing presidents, and asks that money instead be earmarked for scholarship
for minority student majoring in communications at Florida International
University (S)
DESC: LEGISLATURES; GIFTS; SCHOLARSHIPS AND FELLOWSHIPS; MINORITIES (ETHNIC,
RACIAL, RELIGIOUS)
COMP: FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
GEOT: FLORIDA
TRUIA
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15TH REFERENCE of Level 1 printed in FULL format.
Copyright 1991 The New York Times Company: Abstracts
AUTH: BY JON O'NEILL
TITL: FIU GRADUATES IT LARGEST CLASS
REFR: MIAMI HERALD Section 2; Page 2, Column 1 JOURNAL-CODE MH
DATE: April 30, 1991 Tuesday
ABST: 2,200 students graduate from Florida International University;
including graduate students, school conferred 4,123 degrees on April 29 (M)
DESC: AWARDS, DECORATIONS AND HONORS
COMP: FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
NAME: O'NEILL, JON
Almost (yr. to day
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2
20TH REFERENCE of Level 1 printed in FULL format.
Copyright 1991 The New York Times Company: Abstracts
AUTH: BY LOURDES FERNANDEZ
TITL: FIU DISBANDS STUDENT GOVERNMENT
REFR: MIAMI HERALD Section B; Page 1, Column 2 JOURNAL-CODE MH
DATE: February 23, 1991, Saturday
ABST: Florida International University disbands its 100-plus-member Student
Government Assn for first time in its 20-year history; cites allegations of
deal-cutting, lax attendance at meetings and shoddy record keeping (S)
DESC: COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES; ETHICS; ORGANIZATIONS, SOCIETIES AND CLUBS
COMP: FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
SOUNDS CONGRESS! WE
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4
6TH REFERENCE of Level 1 printed in FULL format.
Copyright 1992 The New York Times Company: Abstracts
AUTH: BY KIMBERLY CROCKETT
TITL: DEMOCRACY, CONTROVERSY BACK IN FIU ELECTIONS
REFR: MIAMI HERALD Section B; Page 1, Column 3 JOURNAL-CODE MH
DATE: February 26, 1992, Wednesday
ABST: Free elections have returned to campuses at Florida International
University, one year after administrators seized control of student
government and disbanded it amid allegations of widespread misconduct and
bribery; infant democracy is only crawling forward; when proposed new
constitution for Student Government Association was put on ballot last month,
less than 400 of FIU's 23,000 students bothered to vote (M)
DESC: ELECTIONS
COMP: FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
NAME: CROCKETT, KIMBERLY
million budget!
LEXIS'NEXIS'LEXIS'NEXIS
1689
Peter the Great, Czar of Russia, clipped the
1509
City of Venice, Italy, excommunicated by Pope
beards and moustaches off his court
Julius II
1718
Esek Hopkins, first Commodore of the U.S. Navy,
1605
Pope Leo XI died, 10 days after his coronation
born
1667
John Milton sold Paradise Lost copyright for
1731
Daniel Defoe, novelist, died
10 English pounds
1768
First art exhibit at England's Royal Academy
1682
Theodore III, Czar of Russia, died
opened
1686
First charter granted for New York City
1771
Vassalboro and Winslow, Maine, incorporated
1737
Edward Gibbon, author of Decline and Fall of
1782
Marie Amelie Therese, wife of King Louis
the Roman Empire, born
Philippe of France, born
1798
U.S. Navy established
1785
John James Audubon, artist-naturalist, born
1813
Zebulon Pike, explorer, died
1798
Eugene Delacroix, French artist, born
U.S. forces captured Toronto, Canada
1803
Meteorite rain fell on L'Aigle, France
1816
First U.S. protective tariff law passed
1812
Alfred Krupp, German metallurgist, born
1822
Ulysses Simpson Grant, U.S. President, born
1822
Frederick Law Olmstead, landscape architect,
1846
Christy Minstrels first appeared in New York
born
City
1872
Mt. Vesuvius volcano erupted suddenly
1850
First American-owned steamship began commercial
1875
Syngman Rhee, Korean statesman, born
Atlantic crossings
1882
Charles Darwin, naturalist, buried in West-
1852
"Telegram" replaced "telegraphic dispatch"
minster Abbey
1863
Anglo-Saxon wrecked off Cape Race
1893
Anita Loos, author, born
1865
Cornell University (New York) incorporated
1907
Tercentenary Exposition of Jamestown, Virginia
Sultana, packed with Union prisoners,
opened
exploded on the Mississippi
1913
Wisconsin state flag adopted
1882
Ralph Waldo Emerson, philosopher-poet, died
International Exposition, Ghent, Belgium,
1891
Ground broken for Grant's tomb in New York City
opened
1892
Cornerstone for Grant's tomb laid
1915
Italy declared war on Austro-Hungarian Empire
1893
Prototype of the modern typewriter patented
1923
George VI, King of England, married Lady
1897
Grant's tomb dedicated (New York City)
Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon
1898
Ludwig Bemelmans, creator of "Madeline," born
1949
Transjordan changed its name to Jordan
1914
American troops sent to Mexico (Mexican
1951
William N. Oatis, Associated Press correspon-
Revolution)
dent, arrested in Czechoslovakia
1920
Milton, in a Dusenberg, set a land-speed
as a spy
record of 156.046 mph
1952
U.S. destroyer Hobson and carrier Wasp collided
1926
Chichibu ran aground off Horomushiro, Japan
in the Atlantic
1937
First Social Security payment made
1954
Geneva Conference on Far Eastern Affairs opened
1938
Zog I, King of Albania, married Geraldine, a
1957
Opening of Jamestown, Virginia's, 350th
Hungarian countess
Anniversary Festival
1944
Jim Tobin pitched a no-hitter and Boston beat
1962
Ariel I satellite launched
Brooklyn, 2-0
1964
Tanzania (Tanganyika-Zanzibar) joined the United
1960
Republic of Togo became independent
Nations (Union Day)
1961
Sierra Leone became an independent part of the
1908, 1981, 1987, 1992, 2071, 2076, 2082 Quasimodo or
British Commonwealth
Low Sunday
Explorer II satellite launched
1965
Edward R. Morrow, broadcaster, died
1967
First male heir to the Dutch throne in 3
April 27th
generations, Willem-Alexander,
born
Feast of St. Maughold
1968
Tom Phoebus pitched a no-hitter and Baltimore
Feast of St. Peter Canisius
beat Boston, 6-0
Feast of St. Toribio of Lima
1970
Gypsy Rose Lee, entertainer, died
1124 AD
King Alexander I of Scotland died
1971
Capt. Samuel L. Gravely, Jr. became the first
1172
King Henry II of England left Ireland
black U.S. Admiral
1278
St. Zita died (Feast Day; patron of maidservants
1919, 1924, 1930, 2003, 2014, 2025, 2087, 2098
and housekeepers)
Quasimodo or Low Sunday
DII
.M54
WHRC
t:
THE ALMANAC
OF DATES
EVENTS OF THE PAST FOR
EVERY DAY OF THE YEAR
LINDA MILLGATE
Harcourt Brace Jovanovich New York and London
Holidays
Afghanistan
Saur Revolution Day
Commemorates the creation of
the People's Republic upon the
upset of the government by
Marxist rebels, 1978.
April 27
Sierra Leone
Independence Day
Commemorates achievement of
independence from Great
Britain, 1961.
Sudan
Sham el Nassim
Birthdates
1733
Josef Gottlieb Kölreuter, German bota-
characterized by corruption and bitter par-
nist; a pioneer in field of hybridization. [d.
tisan politics. [d. July 23, 1885]
November 12, 1806]
1855
Benjamin Newton Duke, U.S. tobacco-
1737
Edward Gibbon, British historian; best
products manufacturer, philanthropist;
known for his classic The History of the
with his brother, James Buchanan (Decem-
Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. [d.
ber 23), founded American Tobacco Com-
January 16, 1794]
pany and Imperial Tobacco Company.
1744
Nikolay Ivanovich Novikov, Russian writ-
Duke University is named for the two
er, publisher; attempted to popularize
brothers. [d. January 8, 1929]
good literature by publishing inexpensive
1893
Norman Bel Geddes, U.S. theatrical and
volumes of classics. [d. July 31, 1818]
industrial designer; noted for stage designs
1748
Adamantios Koraës, Greek physician,
and airplane, train, and automobile interi-
philologist, patriot, educator; contributed
ors. [d. May 8, 1958]
to purification of Greek language in con-
1896
Wallace Hume Carothers, U.S. chemist;
temporary literature. [d. April 6, 1833]
invented first form of nylon and neo-
1759
Mary (Wollstonecraft) Godwin, English
prene (synthetic rubber), 1931. [d. April 29,
writer, feminist; an early advocate of wom-
1937]
en's rights; mother of Mary Shelley (August
30). [d. September 10, 1797]
Rogers Hornsby (The Rajah), U.S. base-
1791
Samuel F(inley) B(reese) Morse, U.S. in-
ball player; elected to Baseball Hall of
ventor; invented first practical telegraph.
Fame, 1942. [d. January 5, 1963]
Devised Morse Code for use in telegraph
1898
Ludwig Bemelmans, U.S. writer, illustra-
communications. [d. April 2, 1872]
tor, born in Austria. [d. October 1, 1962]
1818
Amasa Stone, U.S. philanthropist, railroad
1904
Arthur Burns, U.S. government official,
tycoon; built Cleveland, Columbus, and
economist; Chairman, Federal Reserve
Cincinnati Railroad, 1846; Chicago and Mil-
Board, 1950-78. [d. June 26,' 1987]
waukee Railroad, 1858. [d. May 11, 1883]
1820
Herbert Spencer, British naturalist phi-
C(ecil) Day Lewis (Nicholas Blake), British
losopher; a primary formulator of Social
poet; Poet Laureate of England, 1967-72. [d.
Darwinism. Popularized idea of survival of
May 22, 1972]
the fittest. [d. December 8, 1903]
1922
Jack Klugman, U.S. actor; two Emmy
1822
Ulysses S(impson) Grant, U.S. army gen-
Awards; known for his role as Oscar Mad-
eral for the Union, 18th President of United
ison on television series, The Odd Couple,
States; his presidential administration was
1970-75.
322
Togo
Independence Day
St. Maughold, Bishop of Man. Also called Macal-
Commemorates establishment
lius, Maccul, or Macul. [d. C. 498]
of Togo as a sovereign nation,
St. Floribert, Bishop of Liège. [d. 746]
1960.
St. Stephen Pechersky, Bishop of Vladimir. [d.
Yugoslavia
Slovenian Liberation Front Day
1094]
St. Zita, virgin; patron of domestic workers. [d. 1278]
Religious Calendar
St. Turibius, Archbishop of Lima and missionary.
First saint of the New World; founded college at
The Saints
Lima, first seminary for training clergy in the Ameri-
St. Anthimus, Bishop of Nicomedia. [d. 303]
cas. [d. 1606]
St. Asicus, Bishop of Elphin; patron of Elphin in
County Roscommon, Ireland. Also called Tassach.
[d. c. 470]
(Continues. .)
1927
Coretta (Scott) King, U.S. civil rights lead-
1784
Le Mariage de Figaro by Beaumarchais
er, lecturer, writer, concert singer; widow
premieres in Paris.
of Martin Luther King, Jr.
1805
U.S. naval forces capture Derne, Tripoli, in
1932
Anouk Aimee (Françoise Sorya), French
a combined land-sea assault, and raise U.S.
actress; leading lady in 1960s films.
flag over foreign soil for the first time.
1932
Roelof Pik Botha, South African politician;
1914
Sino-Tibetan convention is signed recog-
Minister of Foreign Affairs, 1977-
nizing independence of Tibet under Chi-
1937
Sandy Dennis, U.S. actress; Oscar Award
nese suzerainty.
for Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, 1966.
1916
The University of Capetown, Stel-
lenbosch University, and the University
1939
Judy Carne (Joyce A. Botterill), British
of South Africa are established by the Un-
actress, comedienne; known for her appear-
ion of South Africa.
ances on television series, Laugh In, 1968-
1919
70.
Korean nationalists declare a republic
and begin rebellion against Japan.
1959
Sheena Easton (Sheena Shirley Orr),
1935
U.S. Soil Conservation Service is estab-
Scottish singer.
lished by Congress.
1967
Prince Willem-Alexander Claus of the
1939
British government begins conscription
Netherlands, oldest son of Queen Beatrix.
(World War II).
1941
German troops enter Athens and raise the
Swastika over the Acropolis (World War
Historical Events
II).
1124
David I (the Saint) of Scotland accedes to
1950
The state of Israel is recognized by the
the throne.
British government.
1960
United Nations trust territory of Togoland
1296
Edward II of England defeats the Scots at
becomes the independent Republic of
the Battle of Dunbar.
Togo.
1521
Ferdinand Magellan is killed by natives of
1961
Sierra Leone gains independence from
the Philippine Islands during his circum-
Great Britain.
navigation of the globe.
1965
Soviet communications satellite Molniya 1
1773
Tea Act is passed by British Parliament,
is first used for a scheduled telecast.
setting stage for conflict with Americans
1969
Bolivian President René Barrientos is
over the tea tax; leads to Boston Tea Party
killed in a helicopter crash; Vice-President
of December 16.
Luis Adolfo Siles Salinas succeeds him.
(Continues. .)
323
C
The Beatified
Blessed Peter Armengol. [d. 1304]
Blessed Antony of Siena, hermit. [d. 1311]
Blessed James of Bitetto, lay-brother of Observant
Franciscan Friars. [d. C. 1485]
Blessed Osanna of Cattaro, virgin and anchoress.
[d. 1565]
1970
Scientists at the University of California -
Berkeley synthesize a new element, unnil-
pentium, with an atomic number of 105.
1972
Apollo 16 spacecraft comes down in the
Pacific after a successful mission during
which U.S. astronauts John Young and
Charles Duke spend a record 71 hours
and 2 minutes on the moon.
1973
L. Patrick Gray resigns as acting director
of the F.B.I. (Watergate Incident).
1978
President Sardar Mohammad Daud
Khan of Afghanistan is killed in a military
coup.
1983
President Ronald Reagan addresses a joint
session of Congress to appeal for military
and economic aid to Central America. U.S.
presidents traditionally call joint sessions
only in cases of national emergency or to
deliver the annual State of the Union ad-
dress.
1987
The Department of Justice prohibits Aus-
trian president, Kurt Waldheim, from
entering the U.S. after a year-long investiga-
tion links him to Nazi war crimes.
324
ISSN 1045-2621
D11
G3+
1990
WH
Holidays and
Anniversaries
of the World
A Comprehensive Catalogue Containing Detailed Information
on Every Month and Day of the Year, with Coverage of 23,000 Holidays,
Anniversaries, Fasts and Feasts, Holy Days, Days of the Saints, the Blesseds,
and Other Days of Heortological Significance, Birthdays of the Famous,
Important Dates in History, and Special Events and Their Sponsors
SECOND EDITION
Jennifer Mossman, Editor
Gale Research Inc.
DETROIT
NEW YORK
FORT LAUDERDALE
LONDON
April
107
APRIL 27
Zodiac sign for the day: Taurus, the bull.
Zodiac birthstone for the day: Diamond, sapphire.
The day in history:
1521-Explorer Ferdinand Magellan was killed in the Philippines.
1817-Rush-Bagot Agreement between U.S. and Canada provided for
maintenance of unfortified border (ratified by U.S. Senate April 16,
1818).
1865-Steamer Sultana, loaded with Union prisoners from Con-
federate prison at Andersonville, Ga., exploded in Mississippi River at
Helena, Ark., killing 1450.
1937-U.S. Social Security System made first benefit payments.
1960-Togo became an independent African nation.
1961-Sierra Leone became free in British Commonwealth.
1967-Heavyweight-boxing champion Cassius Clay (Muhammad Ali)
refused to be inducted into U.S. armed forces.
1969-Charles de Gaulle quit as President of France after defeat of
his program in a national referendum.
The day's birthdays:
Inventor Samuel F.B. Morse 1791, Charlestown, Mass.; philosopher
Herbert Spencer 1820, Derby, England; President Ulysses S. Grant
1822, Pt. Pleasant, Ohio.
Quotation of the day:
"If you were to make little fishes talk, they would talk like ?!?
whales."-Oliver Goldsmith, April 27, 1773
" in freeing peoples, perishing and oppressed, our country's
blessing will also come; for profit follows righteousness."-Albert J.
Beveridge, April 27, 1898
APRIL 28
Zodiac sign for the day: Taurus, the bull.
Zodiac birthstone for the day: Diamond, sapphire.
The day in history:
1788-Maryland became seventh state to ratify Constitution.
1789-Fletcher Christian led mutiny by the crew of H.M.S. Bounty
against Captain Bligh in the Pacific.
INSTANT ALMANAC
of Events, Anniversaries,
Observances, Quotations,
and Birthdays
for Every Day
of the Year
Leonard and Thelma Spinrad
PARKER PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC.
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11
12