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Charlotte [NC] Bush/Quayle 4/27/92 [OA 7572] [2]
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323154031
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Charlotte [NC] Bush/Quayle 4/27/92 [OA 7572] [2]
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13810-005
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Records of the White House Office of Speechwriting (George H. W. Bush Administration)
Speech Backup Chronological Files
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Originally Processed With FOIA(s):
FOIA Number:
S
S
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
Library Staff.
Record Group/Collection:
George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
Collection/Office of Origin:
Speechwriting, White House Office of
Series:
Speech File Backup Files
Subseries:
Chron File, 1989-1993
OA/ID Number:
13810
Folder ID Number:
13810-005
Folder Title:
Charlotte [NC] Bush/Quayle 4/27/92 [OA 7572] [2]
Stack:
Row:
Section:
Shelf:
Position:
G
26
22
4
7
To Michele
Date
Time 10:50
WHILE YOU WERE OUT
M
Mr. Spruell
of OSD RCSCIVE Affairs
Phone 703 695 - 7459
Area Code
Number
Extension
TELEPHONED
PLEASE CALL
CALLED TO SEE YOU
WILL CALL AGAIN
WANTS TO SEE YOU
URGENT
RETURNED YOUR CALL
Message
Bobby
Operator
AMPAD
EFFICIENCY®
23-021 CARBONLESS
Letters
5,405 Reservists
from kids
2,501 National Guard
from NC
7,906 TOTAL
North Carolina
Rachel Hoefflin
York Ridge apts - #828
12904 york Ridge Dr.
Charlott, Nc. 28273
Dear President Bush,
cl have never written to you before,
but it has been my dream to write
to you! My name is Rachel Hoefflin
and cl have a friend named wes
Uamasek. We think that we have found
out the mistery of the Bermuda triangle.
We think that the current is the main
soulition to the Bermuda triangle mistery.
We think that because when people deep on
the Bermuda Islands, during the might
the current takes them away. so thats
howthe sailboats diseapear. / It's the same
way with airplanes. One way to lose carger
is to have the ships run into iceburgs! Dr
you think we solved the Bermuda
treamgle mistery? Yes or Ro? swrite on
another piece of paper)
T.V.
September
5,1991
Dear President Bush,
l think you are right about
kids watching too much T.V.
d have a rule about watching T.V.
This is my rule. You may watch T.V.
for Saturday. 30 minutes erreryday except for
your friend
Sarah Law.
P.S. What can ldo to
help?
(
( Hara
September 19, 1989
Dear President Bush,
l think that children
should have school at their
homes. lecause it would be
be easier? When you are sick
easier that way. How it would
you could still have school at
that would be easier would be
home in your bed. O ther things
that Rids could sleep late and have
a longer day at school, and on
vacations will still have school at home.
mome and Dads can help you
if they 're at home and if not someone
else can help you. your school day
would be shorter because you don't
P.S. Please answer me soon !
have art, P.E., etc., etc...
from your fifth grader,
write me at 5519 Knob View Drive
Jonathan Ryan Becan
this address Winston - Salem North Carolina 27104
over
- 36
131 Gould Rd.
Jacksonvill, nc 28540
Sept. 3, 1991
Dear President Bush,
My name is Elena Saro, l have
blue eyes and blonde hair I love school
school
and sometimes I wish school was on
the weekends. l watched your speech yesterday
Sept. 3, l thought it was great Will you send me
a picture of you and Mre Burh? Do you have kids
or petr What's it like to bea president? Dr it
hard are eary? If l marrid a president l would
help kids read and write and even If d don't
marry a president l would still help them,
dam going to be a doctor when d grow up,
Well l will always watch your speecher.
I'll write you soon.
By:
Elene Sincerely, Daro
Dear President Bush
I like when my
teacher reads my class
some books. because
every bad of gets sleepy
from Haruka
APR-06-1992 15:25 FROM US ED DEPT PUBLIC AFFAIRS TO
94566218
P.02
NC has endorsed
Am2000
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
ITALINITY
STATES
SAMPLE
PUBLIC AFFAIRS
8
April 6, 1992
MEMORANDUM
To:
Jeanie Bunton
From:
Jay Diskey 401-0570
Subject: AMERICA 2000 editorials
Dozens of newspapers have endorsed AMERICA 2000 and here is a
partial list of some those. We are continuing to build the list.
I will send you an update when we have one.
Baltimore Sun
Chattanooga News Free Press
Christian Science Monitor
The Columbus Dispatch
Daily Herald (Columbia, Tenn.)
Dallas Morning News
Kansas City Star
Memphis Commerical Appeal
Memphis Business Journal
Nashville Banner
The New York Times
Omaha World-Herald
Philadelphia Inquirer
The Seattle Times
Sioux city Journal
Tullahoma News (Tullahoma, Tenn.)
Note: I am also sending along a recent copy of the AMERICA 2000
newsletter and a copy of the field report. I think both will help
you with your work. I'll talk to you soon, Jeanie.
400 MARYLAND AVE.. S.W. WASHINGTON, D.C. 20202-0131
(202) 401-1576
APR-06-1992 15:29 FROM US ED DEPT PUBLIC AFFAIRS TO
94566218
P.07
AMERICA 2000 FIELD REPORT
March 30, 1992
I. STATE 2000 ANNOUNCED
State
Governor
Kickoff Date
1. COLORADO
Roy Romer (D)
June 17, 1991
2. WYOMING
Mike Sullivan (D)
June 21, 1991
3. OREGON
Barbara Roberts (D)
August 22, 1991
4. AMERICAN SAMOA
Peter Coleman (R)
August 30, 1991
5. MAINE
John McKeman (R)
September 3. 1991
6. MARYLAND
William Schaefer (D)
September 5, 1991
7. NEBRASKA
Ben Nelson (D)
September 5, 1991
8. LOUISIANA
Edwin Edwards (D)
September 9, 1991
9. MINNESOTA
Arne Carlson (R)
September 12, 1991
10. DELAWARE
Michael Castle (R)
September 19, 1991
11. VERMONT
Howard Dean (D)
September 20, 1991
12. NORTH CAROLINA
James Martin (R)
September 27, 1991
13. INDIANA
Evan Bayh (D)
October 1, 1991
14. NEW MEXICO
Bruce King (D)
October 7, 1991
15. ALASKA
Walter Hickel (I)
October 17, 1991
16. GEORGIA
Zell Miller (D)
October 18, 1991
17. PENNSYLVANIA
Robert Casey (D)
October 18, 1991
18. MASSACHUSETTS
William Weld (R)
October 24, 1991
19. TENNESSEE
Ned McWherter (D)
October 25, 1991
20. IOWA
Terry Branstad (R)
October 27, 1991
21. MISSOURI
John Ashcroft (R)
October 29, 1991
22. KANSAS
Joan Finney (D)
October 29, 1991
23. ALABAMA
Guy Hunt (R)
October 31, 1991
24. MICHIGAN
John Engler (R)
November 13, 1991
25. SOUTH CAROLINA
Carroll Campbell (R)
November 20, 1991
26. WISCONSIN
Tommy Thompson (R)
November 21, 1991
27. OHIO
George Voinovich (R)
November 25, 1991
28. UTAH
Norm Bangerter (R)
December 10, 1991
29. MONTANA
Stan Stephens (R)
December 11, 1991
30. ARIZONA
Fife Symington (R)
December 12, 1991
31. NEW HAMPSHIRE
Judd Gregg (R)
December 17, 1991
32. DIST. of COLUMBIA
Sharon Pratt Kelly (D)
December 19, 1991
33. SOUTH DAKOTA
George Mickelson (R)
December 19, 1991
34. OKLAHOMA
Dave Walters (D)
December 19, 1991
35. HAWAII
John Waihee (D)
January 28, 1992
36. MISSISSIPPI
Kirk Fordice (R)
February 10, 1992
37. ILLINOIS
Jim Edgar (R)
February 11, 1992
38. WASHINGTON
Booth Gardner (D)
February 28, 1992
39. TEXAS
Ann Richards (D)
March 5, 1992
40. NEVADA
Bob Miller (D)
March 9, 1992
41. ARKANSAS
Bill Clinton (D)
March 18, 1992
II. UPCOMING STATE 2000 KICKOFFS
State
Governor
Kickoff Date
CALIFORNIA
Pete Wilson (R)
April 10, 1992
NEW JERSEY
Jim Florio (D)
April 13, 1992
NORTH DAKOTA
George Sinner (D)
TBD
PUERTO RICO
Rafael Hernandez-Colon (PDP)
TBD
VIRGINIA
Doug Wilder (D)
TBD
APR-06-1992 15:29 FROM US ED DEPT PUBLIC AFFAIRS TO
94566218 P.08
AMERICA 2000 FIELD REPORT
March 30, 1992
I. BIG CITY 2000 ANNOUNCED
City
Kickoff Date
1. MEMPHIS, TN
July 23, 1991
2. TULSA, OK
August 1, 1991
3. CHARLOTTE, NC
August 19, 1991
4. OMAHA, NE
September 5, 1991
5. EL PASO, TX
October 8, 1991
6. RICHMOND, VA
October 22, 1991
7. NASHVILLE, TN
October 25, 1991
8. SAN ANTONIO, TX
October 30, 1991
9. MOBILE, AL
October 31, 1991
10. DETROIT, MI
November 13, 1991
11. LOUISVILLE, KY
December 3, 1991
12. WASHINGTON, DC
December 19, 1991
13. FRESNO, CA
February 18, 1992
14. DAYTON, OH
February 20, 1992
15. HOUSTON, TX
March 3, 1992
II. UPCOMING KICKOFFS
City
Kickoff Date
NEW ORLEANS, LA
March 31, 1992
SAN JOSE. CA
April 10, 1992
APR-06-1992 15:24 FROM US ED DEPT PUBLIC AFFAIRS TO
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Office of Public Affairs
Room 2089
400 Maryland Avenue, S.W.
UNITED STATES of AMOUNT
Washington, D.C. 20202
Telephone: (202) 401-1576
FAX Number: (202) 401-3130
Date: 4/6/92
Jeanie Bunton
TO:
FAX NUMBER:
456-6218
FROM:
Jay A. Diskey (202) 401-0570 direct
MESSAGE:
Page 1 of 8
Services of Mead Data Central, Inc.
PAGE 19
5TH STORY of Level 1 printed in FULL format.
Copyright (c) 1987 The Washington Post
September 27, 1987, Sunday, Final Edition
SECTION: SUNDAY TRAVEL; PAGE E1
LENGTH: 1401 words
HEADLINE: CHARLOTTE
BYLINE: Jim Dumbell, Special to The Washington Post
BODY:
Here in Charlotte, N.C., you can't go down to Front Street and watch the
ships come in, since you're 180 miles from the coast. (The mountains are about
half that distance away.) Nor is there a Central Park right downtown where you
can sit and people-watch, although the first two blocks of South Tryon Street
make a good place for that.
As you might gather from this, Charlotte's setting among the rolling hills
of western North Carolina does not qualify as dramatic except perhaps in
spring when the hills are abloom with azaleas. However, you can with a little
effort find enough in this city of 350,000-plus to occupy a few hours,
several times over.
Charlotte is a modern, New South city 240 miles north of Atlanta that
depends heavily on banking and distribution. It is growing rapidly as a regional
headquarters for national corporations whose people fan out over the nation from
Monday to Friday. And if you question that, drop by the airport on a Sunday
afternoon or Monday morning and try to get a seat out of town.
It is a place of agreeable contrasts where historians boast loudly of a
significant document that's never been found. You will find opera and stock car
racing, drama and rasslin'. Sometimes you wonder if the banks measure success by
the height of their buildings rather than the amount of their deposits. But
these steel-and-glass towers are set in counterpoint to broad sidewalks lined by
leafy trees. (In fact, the city has its own arborist, and he and his crew have
catalogued nearly every tree in town.)
Charlotte was settled in 1748 by a handful of Scotch-Irish colonists who
named it after England's Queen Charlotte, wife of King George III. That's the
same George who a quarter of a century later was the least likely of candidates
for any more such honors in the rebellious American colonies.
On May 20, 1775, a group of local patriots purportedly signed the Mecklenburg
(County) Declaration of Independence. To this day, you'll find fervent believers
who contend the Meck Dec, as it is called, predates some similar paper signed in
Philadelphia a year later. The believers are not dismayed by the fact that the
Meck Dec has not shown up; they know it will be found one of these days.
Cornwallis, the British commander, attempted to invade Charlotte during the
Revolutionary War but was forced into retreat, calling the place a "hornet's
nest's," a label it has worn with pride ever since.
LEXIS'NEXIS'LEXIS'NEXIS
Services of Mead Data Central, Inc.
PAGE 20
(c) 1987 The Washington Post, September 27, 1987
In 1799, gold was discovered here in such quantities that a branch of the
U.S. Mint was built downtown. It stills stands -- in a new incarnation -- and
there are abandoned gold mines under the downtown streets to this day.
Today, Charlotte fans out from The Square, which is the junction of Trade
and Tryon streets, right at the center of downtown. The Square determines
whether crossing streets become north, south, east or west.
Touring by stagecoach may be the most unique way to get a feel for the city,
although hot-air balloons vie for the position, but you can also choose bus or
van, surrey or Amish carriage. To my mind, however, the best way to see
Charlotte is on foot.
Tryon Street from First to Seventh streets has become an interesting
thoroughfare, with broad, tree-lined sidewalks set off by benches and bus
shelters. Stroll north past the square and you will come to two of Charlotte's
oldest churches -- St. Peter's Catholic and St. Peter's Episcopal -- as well as
small shops juxtaposed against gleaming high rises, the public library and two
stops that are absolute musts: Spirit Square and Discovery Place.
Discovery Place has been called one of the country's Top 10 science museums.
Such is the fascination of the place that you can turn the crankiest kids loose
here and not hear a peep out of them for a whole afternoon. Spirit Square is a
downtown center for the visual arts and features classes and workshops for both
children and adults. It also hosts cultural performances. (In fact, Charlotte
is heavily into attractions for children, and another --- one of the oldest and
best - is the Nature Museum, south of the downtown area on Sterling Road. Kids
are inevitably engrossed for hours by its collection of small mammals, reptiles,
aquatic life and geologic exhibits.)
A bit further north on Tryon, at Eighth or Ninth street, take a left for two
blocks and you'll find yourself in Charlotte's restored historic area, Fourth
Ward. In this primarily residential area - although there are occasional shops
scattered here and there -- Victorian houses have been restored to a condition
that in some cases is probably better than new. Even the newly built condos have
been carefully planned to blend in tastefully. The area has become a popular and
somewhat trendy neighborhood for hundreds of young professionals who work
uptown.
The arts have seen a resurgence in Charlotte in the last few years. The
anchor of the resurgence is the Mint Museum. (Now you know what happened to the
old federal Mint. It was moved to the Eastover section of town, southeast of
downtown, and transformed into an excellent art museum, with collections of
European and American art from the Renaissance to today. There are also pottery,
pre-Columbian and African exhibits and period costumes.) In addition, a number
of galleries have recently opened in the three or four blocks of Tryon Street
just north of The Square.
The Charlotte Symphony Orchestra, which recently returned from a two-week
European tour, has a 41-week season of classical, educational and pops concerts.
And Opera Carolina, the largest professional opera company between Washington
and Miami, presents four productions a year. The Oratorio Singers of Charlotte
comprises more than 150 members, and they will join the Charlotte Symphony for
performances during the coming season.
LEXIS'NEXIS'LEXIS'NEXIS
Services of Mead Data Central, Inc.
PAGE 21
(c) 1987 The Washington Post, September 27, 1987
Among dramatic groups that take to the boards in cooler weather are the
Little Theatre of Charlotte, ACE-Repertory Theatre, a professional Equity
group; the Golden Circle Theatre; and the Tarradiddle Players. Central Piedmont
Community College also has an active theater group.
For true escapism, there are two low-key spots that consistently draw
visitors:
Wing Haven, a three-acre garden in residential Myers Park, south of the city,
was begun by Elizabeth and Edwin Clarkson in their back yard in 1927. It became
widely known not only for its beauty as a garden, but also as a sanctuary for
more than 130 species of birds. The Clarksons have given the garden to a
foundation, which opened it to the public not long ago. Tall hedges divide
different gardens, creating a sense of privacy, and gravel paths wind among
them.
The botanical gardens on the campus of the University of North Carolina's
Charlotte branch -- eight miles northeast of downtown -- are also a haven from
noise, hustle and bustle. These are some of the Southeast's best-known
rhododendron gardens, and they include a greenhouse that has, among other
things, an outstanding orchid collection. The gardens are open daily, the
greenhouse on request.
For those who find gardens too static and opera too dull, there is
professional wrestling at the Charlotte Coliseum "about every other weekend,"
a spokeswoman says. And another draw for those who like their action
occasionally violent is the Charlotte Motor Speedway, about 15 miles north of
town on U.S. Rte. 29. Rabid stock-car fans have been known to take a cab out
just to look at the track even when nothing was doing.
Finally, if you can spare an extra day or two in Charlotte, there is a wide
selection of accommodations beyond the major chains and hotel groups, some
attractively offbeat.
In the restored Fourth Ward section of downtown, there's the Fourth Ward Bed
and Breakfast, an 1890s Victorian home that takes you back in time and is within
walking distance of everything. Another newly restored old-timer is the
Homeplace, which dates back to 1902. It's on the edge of southeast Charlotte
and you'll need a cab or car, but it's in a beautiful part of town. Not far from
it is the Inn on Providence, which has a pool and is furnished in antiques.
But to really put on the dog, as they say, Hampton Manor, also nearby on
Carmel Road, might be the place. It is pretty nifty digs, with tennis court,
Jacuzzi and pool. And -- to start you off right -- its Rolls-Royce will pick you
up at the airport.
Jim Dumbell is a travel writer for The Charlotte Observer.
TYPE: FEATURE
SUBJECT: TRAVEL AND TOURISM; NORTH CAROLINA
ORGANIZATION: CHARLOTTE
LEXIS'NEXIS'LEXIS`NEXIS
NEW YORK CITY
"But now the famed Figaro coffeehouse [in
was grand blue benediction, and beneath it the won-
Greenwich Village], where more talented people
derful air of New York tasted like fine dry cham-
wasted their talents talking over caffeine than at any
pagne."
other place in New York, has made way for a Blimpie
Claude McKay
sandwich shop and Bleecker [Street] has become a
Home to Harlem
parody of its former Bohemianism."
1928
Helen Hayes and Anita Loos
Other Places
Twice Over Lightly
1972
Central Park:
"Greenwich Village is the only spot in New York
"To the park, accordingly and to the (Central) Park
where you can go out for the Sunday newspaper in
only, hitherto, the aesthetic appetite had had to
your pajamas and bare feet and nobody pays you any
address itself, and the place has therefore borne the
attention."
brunt of many a peremptory call, acting out year after
Helen Hayes and Anita Loos
Twice Over Lightly
year the character of the cheerful, capable, bustling,
1972
even if overworked, hostess of the one inn, some-
where, who has to take all the travel, who is often at
her wits' end to know how to deal with it, but who
"Way down South in Greenwich Village,
none the less, has, for the honor of the home, never
That's the field for culture's tillage.
once failed of hospitality."
There they have artistic ravings,
Henry James
Tea and other awful cravings.
The American Scene
But then the inspiration stops.
1907
You'll find them anywhere
Round Washington Square."
Improvised song
Lower New York:
Quoted by Helen Ramsey
More Pious Friends and Drunken Companions
"Every evening is Pamplona in lower New York.
1928
John Steinbeck
Travels with Charley
Harlem
1962
[After coming to New York City from the South]:
"Then at the street intersection I had the shock of
NORTH
seeing a black policeman directing traffic-and there
were white drivers who obeyed his signals as though
CAROLINA
it was the most natural thing in the world
This
really was Harlem."
Ralph Ellison
Invisible Man
1947
"Lenox Avenue,
Honey.
Midnight,
And the gods are laughing at us."
Langston Hughes
Capital: Raleigh
"Lenox Avenue: MIDNIGHT"
Entered the union (with rank): Nov. 21, 1789
The Weary Blues
State motto: Esse quam videri (To be rather tha
1926
seem)
State flower: Dogwood
"Light open coats prevailed and the smooth bare
State bird: Cardinal
throats of brown girls were a token as charming as
State song: "The Old North State"
the first pussywillows. Far and high over all, the sky
State tree: Pine
362
NORTH CAROLINA
diction, and beneath it the won-
Nicknames: Old North State, Tar Heel State
Strolling with my girlie where the dew is pearly
ork tasted like fine dry cham-
Origin of state name: Latinized honorific for King
early in the morning"
Charles I of England
Walter Donaldson
Claude McKay
"Carolina in the Morning"
From the barrier islands of the Outer Banks to the
1922
Home to Harlem
heart of the Smoky Mountains, North Carolina cuts
1928
through a rich slice of eastern American geography,
history and character. The state has three distinct
"I, come from North Carolina, and it is true that if
sections: the sandy coastal counties, the flat pied-
you come from North Carolina and mention that fact
mont and the mountains of the west.
to anybody anywhere else, you will get this reply:
Each section has its own personality. The coastal
'Oh, yes, I have an aunt who lives in Charleston.'
folks are the state's most conservative and typically
Charles Kuralt
lingly and to the (Central) Park
Southern-religious, agrarian, concerned with local
Dateline America
aesthetic appetite had had to
e place has therefore borne the
affairs. North Carolina's urban and urbane communi-
1979
aptory call, acting out year after
ties lie in the piedmont. They are more progressive,
the cheerful, capable, bustling,
more cosmopolitan than the rest of the state. Raleigh,
hostess of the one inn, some-
Durham, Chapel Hill and Charlotte are places of
"If North Carolina were a jigsaw puzzle, the person
ke all the travel, who is often at
educational excellence, intense. commercialism and
putting it together might have difficulty convincing
how to deal with it, but who,
the kind of Sunbelt lifestyle that marks the "new"
himself that all the pieces were part of a single
whole."
or the honor of the home, never
South. The mountains are bluegrass country, lumber-
ing country, moonshine country. The farther reaches
John Phillips
dity."
Fodor's South
Henry James
of these mountains hide towns as close to the feel of
1979
The American Scene
the original American settlements as anything still in
1907
existence. Traditional folk crafts abound and the
accents of Scotland, Germany and other homelands
"North Carolina was said to be 'the valley of humili-
still tinge the speech.
ation between two mountains [Virginia and South
Assorted communities sprang up along Carolina's
Carolina] of arrogance.'
coast before the British formally took over in 1729.
An old saying quoted by T.H. White
implona in lower New York."
The state was little touched by the Revolution and
America At Last
John Steinbeck
fought, with some doubts, for the Confederacy dur-
1965
Travels with Charley
ing the Civil War.
1962
Today North Carolina is famous for its furniture,
paper, tobacco and for the modern brand of evangeli-
"If you call Long Island behind the times, I don't
cal Christianity-cum-politics espoused by its elected
know what you'd call North Carolina. It has been
officials and TV preachers.
rightly termed Rip Van Winkle."
Sarah Williams, a New Yorker married to a North
Carolinian
'NA
THE STATE
Letter
Nov. 7, 1853
"In the Comparative State Elections Project, one
question read, 'All things considered, would you say
"What good was state pride, anyhow? She [North
that (your state) is the best state in which to live?' For
Carolina] began life as a tail to Thomas Jefferson's
the entire United States, 62.6 percent agreed. In
kite, and was quite willing to do the work and let
North Carolina, a positive response came from 82.3
Virginia have the glory."
percent, higher than in any other state."
Robert Watson Winston
Jack Bass and Walter De Vries
These United States
The Transformation of Southern Politics
1924
1977
***
:th rank): Nov. 21, 1789 (12)
"Nothing could be finer than to be in Carolina in
THE LANDSCAPE
am videri (To be rather than to
the morning.
No one could be sweeter than my Sweetie when I
"Indeed, it would seem as if nature had selected this
od
meet her in the morning.
region [tableland of the Blue Ridge] for the display of
Where the morning glories twine around the door
her fantastic power in uplifting the earth, and giving
North State"
Whispering pretty stories I long to hear once more.
to it strange shapes and startling contrasts-in im-
363
NORTH CAROLINA
parting curious physiognomies to the mountains and
plenty and a warm sun confirm them in their disposi-
business
evoking melody from the waterfalls."
tion to laziness for their whole lives."
busines:
F.G. DeFontaine
William Byrd, writing in 1728
Picturesque America
History of the Dividing Line and Other Tracts
1872
1866
***
***
"It is winter on the Outer Banks [of North Carolina].
"In North Carolina, everyone does what seems best
At this time of year you can walk nearly 100 miles
in his own eyes."
"I will
down the wild barrier beaches without meeting an-
William Byrd, writing in 1728
earth of
other living soul. Hunch your back against the wind,
History of the Dividing Line and Other Tracts
where th
put your hands in your pockets, and ponder, as you
1866
redder at
walk, the mystery of the first Europeans to know this
***
a big far
coast."
"There is no man whose residence is in the state
Charles Kuralt
[North Carolina] who is recognized by the world as
Dateline America
an authority on anything. Since time began, no man
1979
or no woman who lived there has ever written a book
***
that has taken place in the permanent literature of the
" 'Repr
country. Not a man has ever lived and worked there
"And how fair is this same [North Carolina] forest in
sive' giv
who fills 25 pages in any history of the United
is a state
late autumn
The damp earth is elastic under your
States. Not a scientific discovery has been made and
be cited
feet; the high blades of grass do not stir; long threads
worked out and kept its home in North Carolina that
which si
lie shining on the blanched turf, white with dew. You
has ever become famous for the good it did the
breathe tranquilly; but there is a strange tremor in the
developr
soul. You walk along the forest's edge, look after
world. It is the laughing stock among the States.'
tioned b)
Walter Hines Page, newspaper owner and author
lina CODE
your dog, and meanwhile loved forms, loved faces
Quoted by Burton J. Hendrick
except 1
dead and living, come to your mind; long, long,
slumbering impressions unexpectedly awaken; the
The Training of an American
new can
1928
trial wo
fancy darts off and soars like a bird; and all moves so
***
week-a
clearly and stands out before your eyes. The heart at
one time throbs and beats, plunging passionately
[On a reporter speaking to a Chinese man]: "He
Mississi
forward; at another it is drowned beyond recall in
employed English as clearly and as simply as it is
many re
possible for a native of North Carolina to speak."
educatio
memories. Your whole life, as it were, unrolls lightly
and rapidly before you: a man at such times pos-
H. Allen Smith
North C
sesses all his past, all his feelings and his powers-all
"New York is Mostly People'
and the
his soul; and there is nothing around to hinder him-
1943
West Vi
no sun, no wind, no sound
"
tucky, i
Carolina
Ivan Turgenev
more m
A Sportsman's Sketches
but in
1852
margin,
WAY OF LIFE
sized m
"I believe this [the settlement of Edenton] is the only
PEOPLE
metropolis in the Christian or Mahometan [sic]
world, where there is neither church, chapel
"They [the people of North Carolina] have not the
mosque, synagogue, or any other place of public
"North
aristocratic complacency of their northern neighbor
worship of any sect or religion whatsoever. What
panacea
nor the careless self-satisfaction of their southern
little devotion there may happen to be is much more
19th ce
neighbor. They are progressive, industrious and am-
private than their vices."
other S
bitious."
William Byrd, writing in 1728
employ
Pearl S. Buck
History of the Dividing Line and Other Tracts
jobs, th
America
1866
has not
1971
hoped 1
***
***
"To speak the truth, 'tis a thorough aversion to labor
"I'd say nearly everybody in a 50-mile radius of here
that makes people file off to North Carolina, where
[North Carolina hill country] was in the whiskey
364
NORTH CAROLINA
sun confirm them in their disposi
business at one time or another.
H'it
was
just
a
their whole lives."
business
"The late Governor Aycock summed up the educa-
Junior Johnson, stock car driver
tional status in these words: "Thank God for South
William Byrd, writing in 1728
Dividing Line and Other Tracts
Quoted by Tom Wolfe
Carolina! She keeps North Carolina from the foot of
1866
That Kandy-Kolored, Tangerine-Flake,
the column of illiteracy.'
Streamline Baby
Robert Watson Winston
1965
These United States
everyone does what seems best
***
1924
"I will never forget the first time I saw the black
* * *
William Byrd, writing in 1728
earth of Illinois. I was a boy from North Carolina,
Dividing Line and Other Tracts
where the sky is bluer and richer, but where the dirt is
"Current economic development policy relies heav-
1866
redder and a whole lot poorer, and where 100 acres is
ily on industrialization as a means to increase income
in North Carolina. Yet, while this policy has been in
a big farm."
whose residence is in the state
Charles Kuralt
effect we have seen North Carolina shift from a poor
ho is recognized by the world as
Dateline America
agricultural state to a poor industrial state. We have
thing. Since time began, no man
1979
experienced industrialization without development."
ived there has ever written a book
Report
***
North Carolina Fund
in the permanent literature of the
'Repression' is not the right word, but 'progres-
1 has ever lived and worked there
sive' gives North Carolina too much credit. For this
1967
S in any history of the United
is a state of paradoxes: behind every fact which can
ific discovery has been made and
be cited as proof of its progressiveness lurks another
it its home in North Carolina that
which suggests just the opposite. Take industrial
famous for the good it did the
development, one of the progressive factors men-
ghing stock among the States
tioned by [political scientist V.O.] Key. North Caro-
HISTORY AND POLITICS
ge, newspaper owner and author
lina continues to lead all southern and border states
Quoted by Burton J. Hendrick
except Texas in value-added by manufacturers and
"And, in North Carolina, the sturdy Scotch-Irish
The Training of an American
new capital expenditures. Yet North Carolina indus-
Will prove at King's Mountain [Revolutionary War
1928
trial workers in 1971 earned a pathetic $104 a
battle] the metal they are."
***
week-a figure lower than in any other state but
Stephen Vincent Benet
aking to a Chinese man]: "He
Mississippi
North Carolina is proud, and in
"Southern Ships and Settlers"
as clearly and as simply as it is
many respects justly so, of its system of public
1933
e of North Carolina to speak.
education
But after years of effort, most adult
*
H. Allen Smith
North Carolinians have not finished the 11th grade,
and the state ranks near the bottom, ahead only of
[On marking the borders between Virginia and North
"New York is Mostly People
Carolina]: "Some borderers, too, had a great mind to
1943
West Virginia, Arkansas, South Carolina, and Ken-
know where the line would come out, being for the
tucky, in terms of school years completed. North
Carolina likes to think of itself as more sophisticated,
most part apprehensive lest their lands should be
taken into Virginia. In that case they must have
more mature than other southern and border states;
submitted to some sort of order and government;
but in 1973 it still voted down, and by a large
whereas, in North Carolina, every one does what
margin, liquor-by-the-glass (while supporting a fair-
FE
seems best in his own eyes."
sized moonshine industry in the hills)."
William Byrd, writing in 1728
Neal R. Peirce
The Border South States
History of the Dividing Line and Other Tracts
settlement of Edenton] is the only
1866
Christian or Mahometan [sic]
1975
***
ere is neither church, chapel,
***
e, or any other place of public
"North Carolina has reached for, and gained, the
"Provisions here [North Carolina] are extremely
et or religion whatsoever. What
panacea of the visionaries of a New South in the late
cheap, and extremely good, so that people may live
may happen to be is much more
19th century. It has industrialized-more than any
plentifully at trifling expense. Nothing is dear but
ices."
other state. In the early 1970s, 40 percent of all
law, physic, and strong drink, which are all bad in
William Byrd, writing in 1728
employed North Carolinians held manufacturing
their kind, and the last they get with so much
Dividing Line and Other Tracts
jobs, the highest level in the nation. Yet the panacea
difficulty, that they are never guilty of the sin of
1866
has not produced the bounteous society that was
suffering it to sour upon their hands."
hoped for."
William Byrd, writing in 1728
***
Neal R. Peirce
History of the Dividing Line and Other Tracts
ybody in a 50-mile radius of here
The Border South States
1866
II country] was in the whiskey
1975
365
NORTH CAROLINA
"Surely there is no place in the world where the
scarce meet a man whose lips are not parched and
inhabitants live with less labor than in North Caro-
chapped or blistered with drinking this poison."
lina."
Alexander Wilson
William Byrd, writing in 1728
Natural History of the United States
The History of the Dividing Line and Other Tracts
1828
1866
"When Bancroft wrote that North Carolina was the
"There in tall timber you [Revolutionary war sol-
freest of the free he might have added 'the slowest of
diers] will bear free
the slow.' She got into the Union too late to vote for
As were your fathers once when Tryon raged
George Washington, she got out too late to vote for
In Carolina hunting Regulators,
Jefferson Davis. Until recently she was provincial
Or Tarleton rode to hang the old-time Whigs."
and proud of it."
Donald Davidson
Robert Watson Winston
"Sanctuary"
These United States
1938
1924
"The farther you get from North Carolina, the more
CITIES
progressive it looks."
Ferrel Guillory, columnist
Winston-Salem
The Transformation of Southern Politics
1977
"In North Carolina [around 1900] grimy, tobacco-
stinking Winston was reaching out to swallow up the
***
quiet old center of Moravian piety, Salem; obscure
"Let any man whose mind is not hardened by some
Durham was lifting up its head and pouring its name
wornout theory of politics or of ecclesiasticism go to
around the world with the smoke of the cigarette;
the country in almost any part of the state and make a
Gastonia was raising its medieval towers."
study of life there, especially of the life of the
W.J. Cash
women. He will see them thin and wrinkled in youth
The Mind of the South
from ill-prepared food, clad without warmth or
1941
grace, living in untidy houses, working from daylight
***
till bedtime at the dull round of weary duties, the
"Winston-Salem [is] a hilly city of 145,000, whose
slaves of men of equal slovenliness, the mothers of
lives have been transformed by a cultural revolution.
joyless children-all uneducated if not illiterate."
Over the past 30 years, the city has become an arts
Walter Hines Page, newspaper owner and editor
empire that includes museums, theater groups, a
Speech, Greensboro, N.C.
symphony orchestra, four colleges, a dance com-
1897
pany, an opera group and an artists' colony of about
500."
***
U.S. News and World Report
[A comment on North Carolina's being distracted
1980
from its real problems by aging Confederate aristo-
crats]: "What North Carolina needs is a few first-
class funerals."
NORTH DAKOTA
Walter Hines Page, newspaper owner and editor
Raleigh State Chronicle
Mid-1880s
"North Carolina was always a turbulent and disor-
derly colony, unable to enforce law and justice even
in the long-settled districts."
Theodore Roosevelt
The Winning of the West
1912
Capital: Bismarck
[On the drinking of apple brandy by settlers]: "You
Became a territory: March 2, 1861
366
301 S. Brevard St. Charlotte NC 28202
Phone: (704) 376-9541 Fax: (704) 376-1243
FOUNDATIONFOR
Wall St Journal
THECAROLINAS
A18 4/14/92
April 14, 1992
Editorial /What shld
we do about
Ms. Janice Crouse
Sounds
the Poor
Room 122
O.E.O.B.
Pusident like
Culture, behavior,
Washington, DC 20500
Dear Janice:
I hope the enclosed material will be of help. The current issue of Business
North Carolina has some profile data that you might find of interest. The
reports from Fortune and Inc. have complementary information on
Charlotte.
I've also enclosed our annual report and several releases and reports on our
projects that you may find of interest. I think if it fits President Bush's
speech, it would be appropriate to recognize that Charlotte and the region
have a very strong work and volunteer spirit. The energy that goes into
the local United Way, Arts & Science Council Drive and all the organizations
they help fund is way above average.
Our local Habitat organization, for example, I believe has now built more
homes than any in the country. I have enclosed a couple of newsletters as
an example of how dynamic this organization is.
We, of course, have our problems in North Carolina. Our growing urban
area is fighting with problems of crime, drug abuse and the breakdown of
the family. Some of the work we are doing through the Foundation is trying
to provide some models for response, but solutions are going to be a long
time coming.
North Carolina, as a Sunbelt State, has enjoyed a period of growth and
prosperity, but there are still major gaps between the affluent and the poor
and a great difference in wealth and resources in urban and rural counties.
Having lived in Kentucky for a while, you will understand what I mean in
this respect.
If you need more detail, or if I can help you round up a particular detail,
let me know.
Sincerely,
Bill
William L. Spencer
WLS/sc
CITIES/COVER STORIES
THE BEST CITIES
FOR BUSINESS
With companies squeezing costs tighter than ever. locations that give you the most for your
money are hot. Here's where to find America's outstanding values.
by John Huey
FLY DELTA
MIDA
0196
Butler St
William
Houston St
Besievard
Downt
Carter.Conter
girt United
gift
Growing, restless, endlessly self-promoting, and all about making a buck: Atlanta is in an economic slowdown, which makes it all the more eager for your business.
hen FORTUNE set out to find
W
1991 are those offering the best value. By
more on California's plight, see page 89).
America's best cities for busi-
that criterion the winner is clear: It's Atlan-
An increasingly competitive global envi-
ness this year, a trend was un-
ta, followed by its Sunbelt rival Dallas and a
ronment has made "cost containment
mistakable: Cost has become
couple of towns where snow actually falls,
with an emphasis on quality an impera-
far more important than it was in the Eight-
Pittsburgh and Kansas City.
tive," says Karen Gerard, senior vice pres-
ies. What companies want in a city hasn't
The loser for value: almost anyplace in
ident of relocation consultants Moran
changed much in the three years since this
California. Reasons include expensive en-
Stahl & Boyer, which surveyed more than
survey began; the twist is that in this stag-
vironmental regulations, water shortages,
600 executives for FORTUNE. With MS&B,
nant economy business is getting much
the $14 billion state budget shortfall,
we determined value on a sort of balance
tougher about demanding it all at the right
pollution, the cost of living, and conges-
sheet that weighs a city's assets, as mea-
price. Thus, the best cities for business in
tion. Corporate flight from the Golden
sured in the survey, against the price of
REPORTER ASSOCIATE Laurie Kretchmar
State is approaching a stampede (for
doing business there, as reflected in the
52 FORTUNE NOVEMBER 4, 1991
PHOTOGRAPH BY MICHAEL SCHWARZ-GAMMA/LIAISON
THE TOP TEN
FORTUNE
CITIES
1. Atlanta
muffled hometown boosterism-and
2. Dallas/Fort Worth
socioeconomically," says Joseph Musolino,
struck a balance between perception and
vice chairman of NCNB Texas, formerly
3. Pittsburgh
reality-by separating respondents' satis-
First Republic. "But now that we're coming
4. Kansas City
faction with their own cities from their
out of it we're healthier because we're
opinions of other cities. Atlanta stood out
5. Nashville
more linked to the national economy." Va-
in both measures. It was by far the most
cant office space and stagnant job growth
6. Salt Lake City
popular choice among outsiders, and its ex-
may spell bad news for businesses depen-
7. Charlotte
ecutives had a more favorable opinion of
dent on the Atlanta or Dallas economies,
their town than did those of any other place
8. Orlando
but to the prospective outsider they spell
in the top ten except Kansas City. As for
better value today than in the heady days
9. Austin
costs, Atlanta is the 15th-least-expensive
gone by.
10. Phoenix
city among America's 50 largest. That com-
bination of quality and moderate cost was
LREADY headquarters to 19
the best of the bunch, leading to Atlanta's
No. 1 ranking.
A
FORTUNE 500 and Service 500
companies, Atlanta has quieted
The attributes executives most demand
the competing crowd with several
in a city are simple and sensible. They are,
recent monster home runs in the game of
in order:
economic development. The snaring of the
A flexible, high-quality work force.
1996 Summer Olympics has powered a
Proximity to markets.
quantum boost in overseas image and
A strong local pro-business attitude.
should eventually stop Japanese visitors
A good public education system.
from asking for directions to the casinos
Convenient air service to key cities.
(they think they're in Atlantic City).
Costs-housing, labor, facilities, and
Several recent corporate headquarters
taxes.
relocations mean cash on the barrelhead
An efficient highway system.
today. Holiday Inn's North American oper-
A whole host of intangibles amounting to
ation is shifting to Atlanta from Memphis;
"quality of life."
Saab is transplanting its U.S. base to Atlan-
While companies are looking harder for
ta from Connecticut. Some of the city's
savings these days, they are not willing to
most visible existing headquarters compa-
sacrifice these attributes to lower their
nies-Coca-Cola, Turner Broadcasting,
costs. So the top ten for value is not just a
bargain basement honor roll. The five least
expensive cities in the top 50-Birming-
ham, San Antonio, Jacksonville, Memphis,
ANN STATES-SABA
and Norfolk-all missed the top ten for val-
ue because executives didn't rate them
highly enough on quality.
The two top-ranked cities are once-
booming, now-surviving service economy
capitals that have always ranked high on
FORTUNE'S list. Like Atlanta, Dallas/Fort
Worth is a moderate cost area (16th least
expensive) with high crime and poor
schools. (Bear in mind that while the
MS&B survey encompasses metropolitan
Office space is in oversupply, housing a bargain.
areas rather than core cities, problems of
Relaxing after work in the Southern boomtown
those core cities tend to taint the image of
costs of labor, facilities, utilities, construc-
an entire area.) One advantage these two
Home Depot-have forged ahead or at
tion, and taxes. In fine-tuning the top ten,
share over many cities is familiarity; if you
least held their own in a troubled national
FORTUNE editors also drew on inter-
haven't been to a convention in Dallas or
economy.
views with dozens of business leaders in
Atlanta, you've no doubt passed through
Dallas/Fort Worth-home to 31 FOR-
many of the cities and with experts, in-
their mega-airports.
TUNE 500 or Service 500 companies-has
cluding MS&B consultants and other
Another favorable factor: Both places
in recent years lured J.C. Penney and Ex-
authorities.
are a little more eager for your business
xon headquarters to town, and the city
What's on Atlanta's balance sheet? The
these days, Atlanta having finally been hit
hopes to become the center of Mexican-
main liabilities are a high crime rate and
by an economic slowdown and Dallas still
U.S. trade should a North American free-
notably poor public schools-yet the city
trying to shake off the Texas crash of the
trade pact become reality. Kent Foster,
was a blowout winner in the survey of exec-
Eighties. "Dallas has been through a gut-
president of GTE's telephone operations,
utives. MS&B's Gerard says the survey
wrenching experience, financially and
moved his outfit to the Dallas area in
NOVEMBER 4, 1991 FORTUNE 53
CITIES
ROBB
Dallas are synthetic cities, but that is what
suits them for the 21st century, in which the
economy is certain to be driven by synthetic
services supported by such synthetic indus-
tries as telecommunications and informa-
tion technology.
Unlike most major, shall we say organic,
cities, which grew up on natural harbors or
at intersections of rivers or atop piles of
coal and oil, neither Atlanta nor Dallas has
the faintest natural raison d'être. Both
sprang up as residue from the currents of
commerce. They started as railroad towns:
Atlanta was called Terminus because it was
where the tracks ended, and local leaders in
Dallas paid the railroad to come 40 miles
out of its way. Ever since these synthetic be-
ginnings, both cities have been trying to
talk the rest of the world into joining them,
primarily for the purpose of doing business.
As early as 1895-only 30 years after Sher-
man burned it to the ground-Atlanta at-
tracted 1.9 million people to its own version
of a World's Fair, the Cotton States and In-
ternational Exposition, a far more impres-
GTE's Kent Foster in Las Colinas, near the Dallas airport: "It's close to everything-it makes life easy."
sive feat for its day than whatever the 1996
Olympics turns out to be.
1989. "A central geographic location was
Texans would rather listen to the price of
critical to us," he says, "and the local gov-
oil drop than sit through a presentation
O FEED THE RAILROADS in
ernment leaders here treat you like cus-
by a Dallas booster. Fort Worth says it is
both cities, highways had to be
tomers and make sure your needs are
where the West begins, and Dallas is
T
built, and they were; when inter-
met."
where the East peters out. Maybe it's the
states came along, Atlanta and
newness of these cities. Their society can
Dallas were natural places for them to in-
USINESS MAY love Atlanta and
B
be nouveau, pretentious, and tacky, which
tersect, and they did, bringing over-the-
Dallas, but lots of other people
somehow makes people of old means in
road trucks with them. Both cities foresaw
don't. For FORTUNE'S two top cit-
genteel, paint-chipped places like Little
the future of air travel and built airports
ies, some critics reserve the kind
Rock and the Mississippi Delta feel as
that expanded until they redefined the
of scorn that New York filmmaker Woody
though they can look down on them.
whole concept, becoming-along with Chi-
Allen heaps on Los Angeles ("a city where
All these high-minded
cago-hubs to which you flew
the only cultural advantage is that you can
knocks on Atlanta and Dallas
regardless of your final desti-
make a right turn on a red light"). To them,
are fair enough-if you don't
In ultra-
nation. Atlanta is home to
such new cities-with all their glass and
have to work for a living. But
Delta, Dallas to American.
concrete and sprawl-are formless blobs of
if you do, few places are more
smug Austin,
Southern native son Jimmy
synthetic culture, trying but failing to
opportune over the long haul.
What they lack in refinement,
true Texans
Carter deregulated interna-
achieve the cultural cohesion of Boston or
tional gateways, and now
San Francisco. The Economist has called
they overcompensate for with
would rather
jumbo jets from Lufthansa,
Dallas the ugliest city in North America,
energy, mostly directed to-
Swissair, KLM, British Air-
while the Wall Street Journal characterized
ward turning a buck. "It's
listen to the
ways, JAL, and others swoop
Atlanta as "an archipelago of shopping
hard to define why a person or
price of oil
down over the piney woods
malls and condominiums with an atrophied
a city or a company has charis-
and mesquite prairies onto
downtown, snarled traffic, and a fading
ma," says George Berry, a for-
the runways outside Atlanta
sense of community."
mer Georgia commissioner of
drop than sit
and Dallas.
To which the objects of this spirited de-
industry, trade, and tourism.
rision have responded with even more vig-
"But with Atlanta I think it's
through a
When package delivery
giant United Parcel Service
orous boosterism. Atlanta and Dallas are
because folks know this is
presentation
set out looking for a new
probably the two best image marketers in
where you can come and
home-driven from Connect-
America. If Atlanta could suck as hard as
make money. That's what At-
by a Dallas
icut by housing prices-its
it can blow, say folks down in the snooty
lanta represents: success, new-
booster.
choice soon narrowed to three
coastal Georgia city of Savannah, it would
ness, energy, and the profit
cities: Atlanta, Dallas, and
be a port city. In ultra-smug Austin, true
motive." Yes, Atlanta and
Baltimore. With more than
54 FORTUNE NOVEMBER 4, 1991
CITIES
18,000 commercial air trips a year out of
Charlotte owes much of
headquarters and expansion designs on the
its current credibility with
European market, the company calculated
American business to one
WILL MCINTYRE
that it could save two man-years of travel
man: Hugh McColl, the
time annually by picking Atlanta over
take-no-prisoners chair-
Dallas/Fort Worth.
man of what will likely be-
In a thorough selection process, 12 top
come, through Patton-
UPS executives took an anonymous tour
esque takeovers, the
by chartered plane of the three finalist cit-
nation's fourth-largest
ies. Then CEO Kent Nelson asked each to
bank, NCNB (soon to be
give him a written recommendation of his
NationsBank). "McColl's
first choice. All 12 chose Atlanta, says Nel-
attitude is Charlotte's atti-
son, who admits that his own first choice
tude," says Ray Shaw, the
going into the exercise was Dallas. In the
former president of Dow
end, he says, "I think it was the trees and
Jones, who moved to
the rolling hills. They reminded everybody
Charlotte to run Ameri-
of Connecticut."
can City Business Jour-
nals, a chain of regional
RAINS AND TRUCKS and
business newspapers.
T
planes helped make Atlanta, but as
"He's tough. He's optimis-
20th-century industrial evolution
tic. And he knows how to
softened-and telecommunica-
get a job done." Whether
tions links took on the status of railroads in
by jingoistic design or di-
the 19th century-both cities knew instinc-
vine irony, the diminutive,
tively what to do. Atlanta and Dallas have
brash Charlottean now
become significant centers for the telecom-
controls-and has re-
NCNB's Hugh McColl has altered Charlotte's skyline and attitudes.
munications industry, Atlanta in particular.
named after his compa-
When British Telecom announced it would
ny-two of the banks that were most
banking scene in Pittsburgh, where the
open a North American unit to serve multi-
associated with Atlanta and Dallas in their
name Mellon may not be as catchy as Na-
national corporations, it said Atlanta was
earlier go-go years: C&S in Atlanta and
tionsBank but still has quite a bit of what
the logical choice because it has 29 fiber-
Republic Bank in Dallas.
the marketers call trademark equity. Home
optic telephone paths, VS. only eight in New
In both cities it has been a bitter pill to
to two of the nation's top 25 banks and 15
York. No problem if they need more; At-
swallow, this financial colonization by up-
other FORTUNE 500 or Service 500 compa-
lanta is always eager to dig up its streets for
start Charlotte. As a lifelong capital colo-
nies, Pittsburgh has more than its share of
progress. It is AT&T's third-largest em-
ny, Atlanta probably handles the invasion
weighty corporate cachet: Westinghouse,
ployment center, with over 19,000 jobs, and
of North Carolina banks with a little more
PPG, H.J. Heinz, Alcoa, Sony. Sony? Yes.
is headquarters for Bell South, with more
grace than the Texans do. NCNB, Wacho-
After searching the U.S. for a place to build
than 11,000. GTE, Sprint, Northern Tele-
via, and First Union have bought three At-
its picture-tube plant, Sony chose Pitts-
com, and MCI account for another 6,000.
lanta banks, leaving only one locally
burgh, a city that ranked near the top in
Many of the same companies
controlled name-brand bank
nearly every category of the MS&B sur-
provide thousands of jobs in
(SunTrust) and making it
Dallas as well.
For all
vey-availability of high-quality labor, pro-
tougher for Atlanta to call it-
business attitude, education, affordable
For all its success, Atlanta is
its old
self the South's financial capi-
housing, overall satisfaction of its residents.
annoyed to look over its
tal with a straight face. But at
The category where it ranked poorly was
shoulder and see a smaller,
money, the
least Atlantans sold their
effect of a city on a company's image.
hungrier boomtown springing
banks more out of greed than
up in its own image and in its
reborn Pitts-
desperation. Dallas bankers
ND FOR THOSE who remember
own backyard: Charlotte,
burgh is
not long ago were more arro-
N.C. If the MS&B survey
A
the smoky, carbon-black, shot-
gant than Los Angeles junk
and-beer steel town of just a little
turned up any little city that
focused on
bond dealers, and they fell
more than a decade ago-the one
might, this is the one. The
just as hard. Today, incredible
Frank Lloyd Wright recommended aban-
fourth-cheapest city in the top
economic
as it seems, the Dallas skyline
doning-no image could be more out of
ten, Charlotte drew favorable
boasts not a single indigenous
date. For starters, today's Pittsburgh is ac-
scores from residents and out-
development
major bank. Dallasites try to
tually beautiful. Its sturdy old skyline is
siders and beat Atlanta for
pro-business attitude.
and hospi-
be polite about it, but many
nicely complemented by a restrained new
still spit sand when they try
one. Framed as it is by Mount Washington
Once a sleepy stock-car-
tality to
to say NCNB-much less
and the watery conflux where the Monon-
racing town whose main con-
NationsBank.
gahela and the Allegheny form the Ohio,
tribution to American culture
outsiders.
No such Johnny-come-late-
the downtown is one of America's most
was Jim and Tammy Bakker,
ly jealousy has afflicted the
European in appearance. When the city
58 FORTUNE NOVEMBER 4, 1991
CITIES
tives feel about it (they love
and here we do. We've got the Hall Family
WADER NHO
it) and the opinions of out-
Foundation [started by the owners of Hall-
siders (it doesn't come up
mark], the H&R Block Foundation, and the
much). "Kansas City
Greater Kansas City Community Founda-
doesn't brag. It's a quiet
tion." Kauffman says he's "especially proud
town, gentle, not pushy,"
of the voters of Kansas City [70% white] for
says Betsey Solberg, execu-
electing a black mayor" and helping bring
tive vice president of
the community together.
Fleishman-Hillard, a public
That mayor, Emanuel Cleaver, says,
relations firm. If that
"We're the only major city that's really out
sounds a little like a Hall-
front struggling to do something about pub-
mark greeting card, well,
lic education." The claim may be hyperbole,
Hallmark is the town's big-
but K.C. is certainly the only city in the coun-
gest privately owned em-
try investing some $600 million in capital im-
ployer and one of the
provements to its inner-city school system.
companies that call the
And even though the expenditures were or-
shots. Another is Marion
dered by a federal court in a desegregation
Merrell Dow laboratories,
suit brought by Cleaver and others before he
the pharmaceutical giant
became mayor, the initial results are eye-
Pittsburgh plays up high tech, like Carnegie Mellon's robots
partly created by self-made
popping. The brand-new $32 million Cen-
billionaire Ewing Kauff-
tral High School, built in an inner-city black
was in danger of going to its grave with the
man, or "Mr. K.," who owns the Royals
neighborhood, attracts a student body that
steel industry in the early Eighties, the
baseball team and heads a foundation
is 25% white. The magnet school offers a
town's venerable old-money crowd dug
that supports drug prevention programs,
computer for every student, robotics train-
into its deep foundation pockets and made
stay-in-school projects, self-esteem
ing, the largest indoor swimming pool in
sure that Pittsburgh emerged as an Ameri-
courses, and more than 1,000 disadvan-
Missouri, and a Jesuit-inspired curriculum
can city with a first-rate quality of life.
taged students in college.
that includes Greek, Latin, and Olympic
"I think the Nineties are going to be the
"All kinds of businesses are welcome
sports training. With the school just opened,
era of the big little city," says Frank Ca-
here," says Kauffman, "as long as they learn
it's too early to judge results.
houet, chairman and CEO of Mellon Bank
the principles of social responsibility under
Transplants to Kansas City love to talk
and a transplanted California banker from
which we operate. A corporation owes more
about the work ethic. "I've worked on both
Security Pacific and Crocker. "Pittsburgh is
to the community than just jobs. To be spe-
coasts and in Atlanta," says Tom Sprott, a
an appealing place to live because it has the
cific, 3% of their profits should go to charity.
general manager for IBM, "and I've never
amenities of a small city but the cultural
Things come up that need attention. Social
seen the values toward getting the job done
benefits and business environment of a lot
problems, floods. Business has to do its part,
that I see here. There's really no compari-
of large cities."
Cahouet and others stress that, for all
while Kansas City offers robotics study and much else in an impressive new inner-city school.
its old money, the reborn Pittsburgh (pop.
two million) is focused on economic de-
velopment and the hospitality to outsiders
that game requires. "We lost 60% of our
industrial base and more than 100,000
heavy manufacturing jobs," recalls Wesley
ROBB
von Schack, chairman and CEO of Du-
quesne Light Co., Pittsburgh's electric
utility. He moved there from Vermont in
1984. "With those kinds of numbers it
wasn't hard to get people focused on eco-
nomic development." Drawing heavily on
the technical resources of Carnegie Mel-
lon University and the University of Pitts-
burgh, the city has rebuilt employment
around high-tech manufacturing, medical,
and biotechnology jobs. The city is happy
with modest growth. Von Schack says, "If
you don't boom, you don't bust."
Similarly conservative views prevail in
Kansas City. Another more traditional
burg, its survey results reveal an extraordi-
nary gap between the way resident execu-
62 FORTUNE NOVEMBER 4. 1991
CITIES
son." Kansas City has suffered labor prob-
tive for a variety of technology
Nashville is
tals. New York, through a
lems in the past, but Bob Dineen, president
operations.
combination of size, culture,
of Marley Co., which has plants in Louis-
Salt Lake City continues to
perhaps the
and concentration of power,
ville, Memphis, Houston, and other cities,
enjoy an excellent reputation
remains America's one true
says, "That labor reputation is 15 years out
for its labor force along with
sleeper on
international city and a bar-
of date. We have fewer problems here than
low costs and a notably low
crime rate.
the list, a
gain compared with Tokyo,
anywhere else. You get a full day's work in
Paris, and several others. Los
Kansas City."
Nashville is perhaps the
newcomer to
Angeles is the world's enter-
Each of FORTUNE'S remaining top ten
sleeper on the list, a new-
tainment capital and retains
brings to the table a different combination
comer to the top ten and a city
the top ten
important ties to Mexico and
of attributes that add up to value:
likely to take off in years to
the Pacific Rim. San Francis-
Phoenix is strategically located near the
come. Why? "Location, loca-
and a city
co, if you can afford it, offers
dense Southern California market and of-
tion, location," says MS&B's
likely to
an alluring blend of charm
fers a high-quality work force at much lower
Karen Gerard. "It is well posi-
and metropolitan sophistica-
costs than California.
tioned to serve markets in the
take off.
tion. Like England, there will
Orlando is relatively inexpensive, right in
South, Midwest, and East,
always be a Boston. For a true
the center of one of the country's fastest-
three interstate highways in-
metropolis with a central loca-
growing markets.
tersect there, and it is developing into a ma-
tion, Chicago is top dog. For Latin America,
Austin is the least expensive of the top ten
jor hub for American Airlines."
fly Miami. But in the cost-conscious Nine-
and has the most relaxed lifestyle. Though
The new emphasis on value should not
ties, the top ten for value will continue to
somewhat isolated, its high-tech orientation
suggest that American business is on the
give all of these cities, and each other, a
and the University of Texas make it attrac-
verge of abandoning all its traditional capi-
good run for their money.
F
THE TOP TEN CITIES
Rankings on access to quality labor and on pro-business attitude come from
ties. We and MS&B conducted extensive Interviews and visits. The average
Moran Stahl & Boyer's survey of executives in America's 50 largest metro-
U.S. manufacturing salary is $26,700; for clerical jobs it is $18,600. The
politan areas. A rank of 1 is best, and 50 the worst; duplicate rankings reflect
average lease rate in the surveyed cities is $21.25 per square foot.
DALLAS/
ATLANTA
FORT WORTH
Population 1991
2,913,797
Population 1991
3,973,542
Office lease rate
sq. ft. $23.50
Office lease rate
sq. ft.
$18
Tax
max. corp. income
6%
Tax
mox. corp. income
rates
mox. personal income
6%
rates
max. personal income
None
Average
manufacturing
$27,000
Average
salaries
manufacturing
$29,300
clerical $19,900
salaries
clerical $19,500
Access to quality labor
rank 17
Access to quality labor
rank 4
Pro-business attitude
rank 2
JAY BROUSSEAU-IMAGE BANK
Pro-business attitude
rank 13
CODY-WESTLIGHT
The bad news: For a change,
If you can't find a good deal
Atlanta is actually experienc-
on office space in Dallas/
ing ill effects from the national
Fort Worth, you shouldn't be al-
The most famous employer
economy, the worst blow having
Las Colinas
lowed to go to the grocery store
come with the shutdown of East-
alone. Things are stabilizing after
ern Airlines, a provider of 10,000 jobs. The good news: The
the real estate and banking crash of the Eighties, but the city
slowdown makes the city more of a value than ever for busi-
has a ton of office space and housing left on its plate. Negoti-
ness. Class A office space is abundant, and a bunch more is
ate, negotiate, negotiate. As with Atlanta, crime and schools
about to hit the market. The price of traditional luxury
are rough in the city, okay in the suburbs. Also like Atlanta,
houses is soft; UPS says housing is roughly half what it costs
Dallas/Ft. Worth offers terrific air access and a natural hub
in Connecticut. Air access is excellent but not cheap. Atlan-
for regional markets. No personal income taxes steal bites
ta is a natural choice for reaching regional markets, and all
from the pie. Texans score high for "pro-bidness" atti-
Real Estate Markets; fox rates, Commerce Clearing House; wages for monufacturing, County Business Patterns; wages for clerical, BLS.
SOURCES: Pop., National Planning Dolo Corp.; lease rates in central business districts, Comparative Statistics of Industrial and Office
those young workers who have flocked to the Southern
tude and have lately added humility to the mix. As Dallas/
boomtown still need jobs to make BMW payments. Subur-
Ft. Worth recovers, it is building a diversified service econo-
ban schools are fine, but many execs in the city choose pri-
my tied more to the nation's than to the state's energy cycle,
vate education for their kids. Crime is high. Golf is great.
and it is well situated for Mexican-American commerce
Atlanta has more trees than any other major city.
should North American trade barriers fall.
*Texas imposes a franchise tax based on net worth and profits.
64 FORTUNE NOVEMBER 4, 1991
CITIES
PITTSBURGH
KANSAS CITY
Population 1991
2,043,118
Population 1991
1,586,993
Office lease rate
sq. ft.
$20
Office lease rate
sq. ft.
$19
Tax
max. corp. income
12.25%
Tax
max. corp. income
6%
rates
mox. personal income
5.98%
rates
mox. personal income
7%
Average
manufacturing
$30,300
Average
salaries
manufacturing
$28,100
clerical $18,000
salaries
clerical $18,100
Access to quality labor
rank 4
Access to quality labor
rank 1
Pro-business attitude
rank
8
Pro-business attitude
rank 10
W.CODY-WESTLIGHT
The Lazarus of American
cities, Pittsburgh has every-
ELIREICHMANN
Of all the top ten cities, Kan-
sas City is the most beloved
thing going for it but an up-to-
by its own resident executives,
Actually beautiful
date image. Low crime, high-
World-class barbecue
who rate it high in virtually every
quality public education, and a
category: tax structure, labor
skilled work force add up to one of the very best values for
costs, quality of labor, housing costs. Its central location ap-
business-especially among older cities outside the Sunbelt.
peals to many, but air connections could be better. Hall-
Carnegie Mellon University helps attract businesses in the
mark, one of the biggest games in town, and Marion Merrell
biotech industry. A good work ethic and a central location
Dow pharmaceuticals, another heavy hitter, are both
are especially appealing to light manufacturers such as
strongly committed to civic involvement. Kansas City has
Sony, which chose Pittsburgh as the site for its North Ameri-
more of a story to tell than most when it comes to the plight
can picture tube factory. Housing is a bargain, air is clean,
of its inner-city schools; it is spending $600 million to re-
and commutes are short. Cultural institutions stay healthy
build the whole system, bringing computers and exotic cur-
with heavy involvement from the old-line corporate com-
ricula to the ghetto. A black mayor, elected by a white
munity. Something that wouldn't happen in Atlanta: When
majority, has launched a new era of race relations. The city
a new building replaced Forbes Field, the outfield wall and
deserves its reputation for great food, especially steaks and
home plate were preserved.
barbecue.
NASHVILLE
SALT LAKE CITY
Population 1991
1,003,474
Population 1991
1,084,847
Office lease rate
sq. ft. $21.50
Office lease rate
sq. ft.
$18
Tax
max. corp. income
6%
Tax
rates
max. personal income
max. corp. income
5.0%
6%'
rates
max. personal income
7.2%
Average
manufacturing
$24,300
salaries
Average
manufacturing
$24,300
clerical $18,300
salaries
clerical $16,700
Access to quality labor
rank 7
rank 2
Pro-business attitude
rank 4
JIM RICHARDSON-WESTUGHT
Access to quality labor
Pro-business attitude
rank 13
Location. Location. Loca-
GARY LAYDA
Everything is still clean, high
tion. Nashville's got it, and it
quality, safe, and inexpen-
is beginning to pay off. On the
sive in Salt Lake City, an unmis-
Music at the airport
important criterion of proximity
In Temple Square
takable location of great value
to markets, Nashville ranked No.
with a bonus for skiers-city bus-
1 in the top ten. It's convenient to the South, the Midwest,
es go to several resorts. Taxes are moderate, literacy is ex-
and much of the Eastern seaboard. American Airlines oper-
traordinarily high, crime is low, and one of America's most
ates a growing hub out of the city, giving it the potential to
qualified work forces takes home wages below the national
challenge Atlanta and Dallas for ease of transportation. The
average. Nor is the place as isolated as everyone seems to
quality of the work force ranks high, which was instrumental
think; it is within 850 miles of Phoenix, Denver, Seattle, and
in decisions by Nissan and GM's Saturn division to locate
all major California cities, and a Delta hub gives the city
auto plants in the vicinity. Those workers command high
more flights than most cities its size. Highways are excellent
pay. Nashville would like to build on its sizable health care
and housing costs attractive. Downsides? Utah boasts only
industry and nurture a budding telecommunications sector.
three FORTUNE 500 headquarters, so you have to catch other
City business promoters have only recently decided to play
execs visiting on holiday. And some residents report that
up, rather than distance themselves from, its predominant
Salt Lake's Mormon influence can be a bit much for the sec-
image worldwide: Music City USA.
ular community.
*Tax on unearned income.
66 FORTUNE NOVEMBER 4, 1991
CITIES
CHARLOTTE,
ORLANDO,
NORTH CAROLINA
FLORIDA
Population 1991
1,184,099
Population 1991
1,110,442
Office lease rate
sq. ft. $18.75
Office lease rate
sq. ft. $21.25
Tax
max. corp. income
7.00%
Tax
rates
max. personal income
7.75%
max. corp. income
5.5%
rates
max. personal income
None
Average
manufacturing $21,900
salaries
Average
clerical $18,500
manufacturing $25,400
salaries
clerical $17,300
Access to quality labor
rank 14
Access to quality labor
rank 36
Pro-business attitude
rank 1
Pro-business attitude
rank 10
What this upstart North Car-
Relatively inexpensive and
olina city lacks in polish it
BUD LEE
smack in the center of one of
makes up for in one all-important
The NCNB tower
the country's fastest-growing mar-
intangible: pro-business attitude,
A tourism juggernaut
kets, Orlando is Florida's boom-
a category in which it ranks first,
town answer to Atlanta and
even ahead of Atlanta. Like Atlanta and Dallas, Charlotte
Dallas. Like the Sunbelt's big two, Orlando has convenient
suffers from high crime and public education woes. But
air service, and the reason is obvious: Disney World is
thanks largely to the efforts of NCNB's acquisitive CEO,
Hugh McColl, the city is gaining a reputation as a financial
America's No. 1 tourist destination. After pausing for the
center that is eclipsing Atlanta's. Low manufacturing wages
recession, this tourism juggernaut is expected to keep right
on exploding. Wages are below the U.S. average, and, as in
-a reflection of the area's furniture- and textile-making
all of Florida, there's no personal income tax. Success has its
past-are attractive to industry. The city stresses its quality of
life, but a major threat to that quality looms: traffic. For some
price: Orlando ranks worst in the top ten for traffic prob-
lems. It also ranks low for cultural activities and presence of
reason this stock-car-racing town hasn't built an adequate
highway system. Like some other smaller cities, Charlotte has
quality universities, but the Florida lifestyle gets big points.
a terrific back-office reputation, which helps attract such
The city is a short drive from the beach and is surrounded by
natural lakes and citrus groves, now transforming into resi-
newcomers as Hearst Magazines' accounting operations.
dential communities.
AUSTIN, TEXAS
PHOENIX
Population 1991
802,413
Population 1991
2,183,438
Office lease rate
sq. ft.
$16
Office lease rate
sq. ft.
$20
Tax
max. corp. income
rates
Tax
max. personal income
None
max. corp. income
9.3%
rates
max. personal income
7.0%
Average
manufacturing
$29,500
salaries
clerical $17,000
Average
manufacturing
$27,700
salaries
clerical $17,800
Access to quality labor
ronk 24
STEVE CHENN-WESTLIGHT
Access to quality labor
rank 7
Pro-business attitude
rank 13
Pro-business attitude
rank 21
The smallest and least ex-
Phoenix offers a combination
pensive of the top ten cities,
REED RAHN
of particularly high-quality
Austin is a bit isolated and in a
The Capitol
labor at near-average costs; union-
category of its own. Its casual Hill
Gateway Center
ization is notably low. It boasts
Country lifestyle is legendary.
While lacking some elements of traditional business loca-
good schools and a large commu-
nity college system to train workers. As in Atlanta and Dal-
tions-such as proximity to markets-it has become some-
las, office space is plentiful and inexpensive in the wake of
thing of an alternative Silicon Valley. Many major names-
Eighties overbuilding. The city is strategically located near
IBM, Motorola, Apple, Advanced Micro Devices, Texas In-
the dense and lucrative Southern California market, but it
struments-are represented there, as are hundreds of entre-
preneurial high-tech companies nurtured by the University
is beginning to suffer from some of the same urban prob-
of Texas's Austin Technology Incubator. MCC and Sema-
lems: traffic, air pollution, urban sprawl. New freeway con-
tech, two high-tech consortia, also call Austin home. In ad-
struction has eased traffic, but water shortages could
dition to Lake Travis, country music, and barbecue, Austin
eventually stunt growth. When problems come up, Phoeni-
(like the rest of Texas) demands no personal income tax. A
cians like to talk about the weather: On average the sun
shines 85% of daylight hours, and the average annual tem-
major drawback: The city lacks good nonstop airline service
to many other key cities.
perature is 72° F., which explains the proliferation of golf
and other resorts.
*Texas imposes a franchise tax based on net worth and profits.
70 FORTUNE NOVEMBER 4, 1991
Charlotte
CHAMBER
Economic Overview of Charlotte, NC
While most of the country suffered through a recessionary slowdown, Charlotte was able to
flourish. Overall, 1991 economic growth was very positive in the Charlotte-Mecklenburg area,
reconfirming the region's status as a desirable place for business expansion and relocation. Much
of this success is due to the Charlotte Chamber, which continued to market the Charlotte region as
a potential site for national and international facilities.
Ranked by Fortune magazine as the seventh best place to do business, Charlotte received
favorable marks from outsiders and residents alike. The magazine's November issue weighed the
cities assets against the price of doing business, as reflected in the cost of labor, facilities, utilities,
construction, and taxes. Charlotte was also ranked as having the number one pro-business attitude.
In the first three quarters of 1991, 650 firms announced new or expanded operations within
Charlotte. This is the largest number of announcements in the past five years. The firms will create
a record number of 8,025 new jobs; investing over $235.4 million and occupying 5.6 million
square feet.
The Chamber's Economic Development Division participated in 51 committed projects this
year, representing a total capital investment of $104 million, 2.5 million square feet, and 3,213
new jobs. Some of the well-recognized companies attracted to Charlotte include Alcoa/Kobe,
AT&T, BASF, GE Plastics, Hearst Corp., Moody's Investors' Service, Murata Wiedemann Inc.,
Northwest Fabrics & Crafts, Pacific Hemostasis, Pass & Seymour Inc., Sprint Services, Baxter
and Kodak.
Of major significance to the region is the relocation of the Hearst Corporation Service Center
from New York to Charlotte. This powerful, diversified communications company will employ
250 people and occupy some 100,000 square feet of space. The Hearst announcement indicates a
confidence in Charlotte from what is generally considered a first-tier corporation and may draw
renewed interest from other corporations in that top category.
Charlotte international community continues to increase its size as witnessed by the constant
increase of foreign firms in Charlotte. Presently, there are 260 international companies located in
the Charlotte area, representing eighteen different countries.
Current prospect activity is also high both for Charlotte and the region. Significant events
continue to keep Charlotte in the spotlight such as the phenomenal success of the NBA Charlotte
Hornets. With the 23,900 seat Charlotte Coliseum as one of the largest facilities in the NBA, the
Hornets continue to lead the league in attendance, number of season ticket holders and volume of
merchandising. Charlotte also hosted the NBA All-Star Weekend in February, attracting major
media attention to the region.
129 West Trade Street
Post Office Box 32785
Charlotte, NC 28232
Telephone (704) 377-6911
Fax 374-1903
Charlotte
CHAMBER
NFL expansions hopes continue on track with a highly successful NFL exhibition game in
Columbia, South Carolina, which drew over 71,000 fans to watch the Washington Redskins play
the New York Jets. Barring any major controversy, the NFL should pick two expansion sites in
1993, one of which is expected to be Charlotte.
A major boost to the Charlotte economy came with the recent announcement of the proposed
merger of NCNB bank, headquartered in Charlotte, with C & S Soveran Bank of Atlanta. The
merger will create NationsBank, one of the five largest banks in the country. Prior to the
announced merger, banking ties between NCNB and the NFL were strengthened when NCNB and
the NFL announced agreement on a nearly $1 billion line of credit for the league.
Meanwhile, the Carolinas Partnership, a 13-county regional marketing effort, completed its
$8.1 million fundraising effort, and has begun targeting international business and selected national
industries.
The Partnership has also announced the establishment of a 20-station regional computer
network linking the member economic development organizations with state economic
development officials. The computer system will inventory available sites, building and assets for
prospects and will coordinate the activities of the economic development specialists in each of the
surrounding counties.
Charlotte is truly a city on the rise. It is a community built on the energy of its people, and the
cooperation of both the private and public sectors. Together, Charlotteans will continue to provide
the best employment opportunities and an enriched quality of life for its residents, clearing the way
for the region's growth, nationally and globally.
129 West Trade Street Post Office Box 32785 Charlotte, NC 28232 Telephone (704) 377-6911 Fax 374-1903
aullion
invent imaginary friends OF to
themselves into fantasy characte
(and
GEORGE BREISACHER/Staff
says Dr. Michael Lewis, profess
assion
of pediatrics and psychiatry at
Robert Wood Johnson Medi
By DIANE SUCHETKA
School in New Brunswick, N.J.
is a
WHAT ARE
Staff Writer
"Kids have wonderful imagin
and
Ga
as
o, Charlotte got a little bad press this
tions, and this is natural," he say
we
h.
.A agail
week when Newsweek wrote about our
Lewis says a pretend playmal
skyrocketing murder rate.
or fantasy character allows chu
fire
twent
No big deal.
dren some control over events and
king
THEY SAYING
If you worried that the Queen City
their environment.
what
to the
is becoming another Cleveland, don't
"Even the most normally
light?
Haw
sweat it.
e
adjusted child has very little con
ain.
water
listen
Just last month, we celebrated our
trol," Lewis says. "That's: the
sactly. ttist's Pretty Of
hipness when New Yorker magazine
nature of being a child. Someone is
bout
IS-
ABOUT
told its readers that Charlotte kids don't
always telling them what to eat.
sit at home watching "Hee Haw" with
when to eat and SO on."
Pa. They go the Pterodactyl, the May 6 article said, "and dance
1?
to better music than anyone who frequents the Roxy ever
One of the first things to do, says
does."
Sandey Thompson of Statesville, is
un
ik-
We read every magazine and newspaper article we could
determine the role of imaginary
to
find that mentioned Charlotte over the past few years. And you
friends in your child's life.
know. not one referred to Charlotte as the Spam capital of
"If the mother would find out
America. Instead, we found compliment after compliment in
what these friends contribute
magazines we'd never even heard of, like Public Management
the child's life and interests, they
and Discount Store News. Heck, they make us look like Came-
maybe she could deal with
lot.
whether this is a normal situation,
In April, House Beautiful listed Wing Haven in Myers Park as
says Thompson.
one of five fine public gardens in America where the everyday
As soon as parents decide there
SS
gardener can find inspiration.
is nothing wrong. Lewis says they
Despite a few pans,
And Newsweek itself called us one of "America's Hot Cities"
can join in the fun.
a couple of years ago. Its Feb. 6, 1989, article praised Char-
That's what G.W. Poncin of
ake
most national
lotte's wholesome ambience. The "Huck Finn Factor" News-
Coral Gables, Fla., did.
week called it.
"Some of my fondest memories
magazines are fans
Those stories - in big-circulation magazines - get lots of
are those of my youngest daugh-
attention. But much has been written about Charlotte in
ter's talk of visits with imaginary
smaller, specialty publications and newspapers, too.
friends and trips on her flying
American City & County bestowed its 1988 Award of Merit
carpet," Poncin says.
on Charlotte's Renaissance Park on Tyvola Road. "What had
And most children give up hav
re.
once been a languishing region in Charlotte has been turned
ing imaginary friends when they
find something else more interest
Please see Charlotte/next page
ing, Lewis says.
From The Charlotte Observer PS IE 6-7-91
America's true top dog: The mutt
Dear readers:
harlotte resident Sylvia Hauser was raped in 1989. In
Sunday's Observer, she writes of the nightmarish
By MIKE CAPUZZO
ASPCA in New York. At least 60% of the 30,000
Knight-Ridder Newspapers
attack and how it changed her life.
dogs at the ASPCA last year "came in under the
"My rapist had total control of my life
he American Kennel Club recently
name 'shepherd mix. Many black-and-tans
for three hours and 25 minutes," Hauser
announced the 10 most popular dogs:
don't have a drop of shepherd blood.
writes. "He has had partial control for
cocker spaniel, Labrador retriever, poodle,
The black dog. The Labrador retriever's poor
almost 2½ years. That man stole ME
golden retriever, rottweiler, German shep-
distant cousin, the "lab mix," is number two.
from me. He ripped my personality out
herd, chow chow, dachshund, beagle and
"Usually it's black, sometimes blond with
tips for them, or questions or
your own, please call the toll-
says R.I. of Hollywood, Fla.
Some of the kids are begin-
The Largest Collection of
free hot line anytime at (800)
827-1092. Or write to Child
ning to call him a crybaby,
and Grandfather Clocks Ever Seen In
Life, 1437 Madison St., Hol-
which probably he is How
North and South Carolina.
lywood, Fla. 33020
can we help him overcome
DIFFERENT STYLES: What
that? If any of the other par
Spinets, Consoles, Studios, Grands,
do you do when parents dis-
ents have come up with any
Digitals, and Player Pianos!
agree about the way a child
thing, we'd like to know.
A SALE SO LARGE WE
rosy outlook. One of these quietly
Charlotte
booming regions is metropolitan
HAD TO RENT AN ARMORY!
Charlotte
" (Financial World,
June 26, 1990.)
MANY BRANDS REPRESENTED!
"Other cities soar and crash:
National magazines
RENTAL RETURNS
REPOS
GR/
Charlotte keeps a steady course.
NEW
USED
like what they see
With hard times ahead, that's the
sort of market you should set your
sights on." (Builder, May 1989.)
Including Baldwin, Wurlitzer, Kawai, Kimball,
AT NE
From preceding page
"Only the naive tell this city
Kohler & Campbell, Story & Clark,
around," it said.
named for King George III's wife
And Public Management maga-
that it cannot be a player in major
Lowrey, Everett, Estey, Steinway.
zine lauded Charlotte for its inno-
league sports." (The Washington
vative housing in October 1989.
Post, February, 1991.)
Here's what some others said
"Last year alone 113 compa-
about the Bible Belt town that
nies started in or expanded or
N.C. NATIONAL GUARD ARMO
loves NASCAR, ketchup and
relocated to Charlotte.
One
Beanee Weenee:
effect of the recession: Charlotte
5825 TERMINAL RD. & WEST BLVD.
"If you think that Charlotte is a
companies aren't placing quite SO
sleepy Southern town, where busi-
many help-wanted ads in West
CHARLOTTE, NC
ness is done with a wink and a
Virginia newspapers." (INC., June
yawn, think again.
In the streets
1991.)
FRIDAY
JUNE 7
11AM TO 9PM
of Charlotte, you can feel it - a
"While Mayor Sue Myrick sets
contagious, can-do enthusiasm,
broad policy, Charlotte is run by
SATURDAY
JUNE 8
9AM TO 9PM
the confidence of entrepreneurial
the city manager, (). Wendell
SUNDAY
JUNE 9
IPM TO 6PM
pluck." (Management Review,
White, one of the best public
October 1989.)
sector CEOs in the nation." (Busi-
"Because Charlotte has more
ness Month, June 1989.)
- NO DEALERS PLEASE -
jobs than people, even fast-food
And if that Newsweek story that
restaurants pay at least $5 an hour
says "something is unraveling in
ALL WILL BE SOLD THIS WEEKEND
(Discount Store News, May 8,
Charlotte" is still bothering you,
*Availability Subject To Prior Sale
1989.)
take some advice from the folks
"No longer a sleepy mill town
who've been getting bad publicity
for years.
RD.
dependent upon the fortunes of
the surrounding textile and furni-
"Clevelanders are used to read-
is a
WASHINGTON
LOOK FOR THE
ing about negative things," says
111
ture industries, Charlotte
BALDWIN TR
dynamic financial, manufacturing
Michael Polensek, a Cleveland city
and transportation center." (The
councilman for the past 14 years.
Los Angeles Times, June, 1991.)
"As a result of that, they've
Baldu
WEST BLVD.
"While some sections of the
really made up their mind to
(HWY 160)
U.S. are mired in what has been
improve the town.
labeled a 'rolling recession, others
'And, I say, if it keeps some of
continue to enjoy prosperity,
the nuts from moving here, maybe
healthy growth and a remarkably
I'm better off."
American Demographics
BUSINESS REPORTS
JANUARY
1992
Sports
says Larry Henson of the Memphis
Chamber of Commerce. "This isn't a re-
gion that we just made up."
MID-SIZE CITIES BLITZ
But these new mega-regions aren't
enough to convince the NFL, says
NFL FOR NEW FRANCHISE
Stanford University economics professor
Roger Noll. If population alone was the
ELEVEN U.S. CITIES ARE NOW TRY-
for a new football team, the "Carolinas."
basis for a decision, New York could sup-
ing to score a National Football League
"A city limit, county, or MSA is not as
port 12 NFL teams, Noll says. Anyway,
expansion team. But if they try to sell
relevant to the fundamental question of
it's unlikely that fans would drive three
themselves as another Green Bay, Wis-
how many people would come," says
hours to Charlotte or Memphis to watch
consin, they will get sacked. A city the size
Muhleman. "I couldn't use existing market
football. "Tickets normally go to people
of Green Bay could never snag a profes-
boundaries to make that case."
who live within a half hour of the stadium,"
sional football team today.
Memphis was just as bold. It turned a
he says.
Two new NFL franchises will be an-
metro area of 982,000 into a 3.8 million-
It's more important that NFL fran-
nounced in 1992. In their efforts to come
person market. The new boundary is the
chises capture a large TV market, because
up with market profiles that will appeal to
Mid-South Common Market, a recognized
every team shares in the league's br
the NFL, some of the candidates are play-
trade area that also stretches out about
cast revenues. That's why Memp
ing fast and loose with the facts.
150 miles from downtown.
pushed up its TV ranking from the 39th-
A franchise candidate should start with
"Memphis has a formal organization
largest market in the nation to the 7th by
a population of at least 1.5 million people, a
that's been in existence for a long time,"
applying the boundaries of the Mid-South
per capita income near the U.S. average,
and a healthy economy, according to NFL
spokesman Greg Aiello. Cities should have
AIDS Decade
fans who are willing to buy season tickets
at several hundred dollars apiece, corpora-
Ten years ago, AIDS didn't have a name. Today, about 187,000 Americans
have been diagnosed with the disease.
tions ready to lease $40,000-plus luxury
(AIDS cases diagnosed during six-month intervals, 1980-90)
"skyboxes," and a lucrative TV market
that is guaranteed to keep the NFL
20,000
wealthy.
A number of mid-sized cities are too ea-
ger to pay. Two good examples are Char-
15,000
lotte, North Carolina (population 396,000),
and Memphis, Tennessee (population
610,000). Promoters of Charlotte's NFL
10,000
bid have transformed the city into a region
of 9.7 million people, despite the fact that
5,000
the Charlotte metropolitan area has only
1.2 million residents. Sports marketer
Max Muhleman counted everyone within
0
150 miles of Charlotte as a potential fan
Before
Jan-
Jul-
Jan-
Jul-
Jan-
Jul-
Jan-
Jul-
Jan-
Jul-
Jan-
Jul-
Jan-
Jul-
Jan-
Jul-
Jan-
Jul-
Jan-
'81
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
'81
'81
'82
'82
'83
'83
'84
'84
'85
'85
'86
'86
'87
'87
'88
'88
'89
'89
'90
Source: Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta
American Demographics / January 1992
BUSINESS REPORTS
Common Market. Charlotte made its TV
Diversity
market jump from 31st to 4th by combin-
ing contiguous markets in its 150-mile
area. But Charlotte's claim to a huge TV
MULTILINGUAL MARKETERS
market includes Raleigh-Durham, which is
143 miles away and fighting for its own
WORK FOR THE POLICE
NFL expansion team.
The NFL has no formal guidelines on
AMERICAN ENTREPRENEURS CAN
"The citizen can be speaking in a lan-
choosing a location for an expansion team,
can learn from the local police, particularly
guage we don't even recognize, and we'll
says league spokesman Greg Aiello. Ac-
if they live in large diverse cities like Los
call up the service. They will determine
cording to Noll, the bottom line is money.
Angeles. In the 1990s, police officers stalk
what language the citizen is speaking and
"The secret of success these days is selling
the front lines of a diverse culture.
transfer the call to the proper inter-
skyboxes and large numbers of season
"A Los Angeles resident dials 911. Her
preter," LAPD's Ellison says. During the
tickets to business. Are there a number of
baby is choking, only she's speaking Farsi,
first month of service, LAPD dispatchers
wealthy individuals or corporations that
SO we don't understand her," says Kathi
called Language Line four times a day, on
are willing to pay?"
Ellison, an LAPD communications special-
average, and requested help in 16 differ-
Both Charlotte and Memphis can boast
ist. "What do we do?".
ent languages, including Punjabi, Hungar-
more than 100 large companies located in
For a police department that receives
ian, Vietnamese, Armenian, and Russian.
their 150-mile "markets." But in a recent
up to 6 million 911 phone calls a year, the
Language demands for police depart-
Charlotte Observer study, only 11 percent
language barrier is no small problem. In
ments and hospitals are immediate, but
April 1991, LAPD found a solution in Call
they are no less urgent for businesses,
Charlotte's claim
Incorporated, an interpreting service that
says Phil Speciale, Language Line's mar-
to a huge TV
was quickly bought by AT&T. Now called
keting director. At least 20 million Ameri-
market includes
AT&T Language Line Services, the inter-
cans now count some language other than
pretation and translation business handles
Raleigh-Durham,
English as their mother tongue. "We
140 languages 24 hours a day.
found an increasing need for business to
143 miles away.
of the residents of North and South Caro-
Where Is the Doctor?
lina were willing to pay more than $30 for
a ticket (the projected NFL ticket price).
Between 1986 and 2000, the number of medical doctors for every 100,000
U.S. residents is expected to increase 15 percent,
Despite their intense marketing, Char-
from 216 to 248. But nine states should have fewer doctors
lotte and Memphis "may be just pawns in
per 100,000 residents in 2000.
the game," says Ed Garvey, former execu-
(percent change in number of professionally active medical doctors per 100,000 residents, 1986-2000)
tive director of the National Football
League Players Association. He says that
the NFL is likely to expand to bigger met-
ropolitan areas with bigger established TV
markets, such as Baltimore or St. Louis.
Garvey and Noll also suspect that expan-
sion decisions usually come down to crite-
ria less obvious than demographics-such
as personality, politics, and the whims of
team owners.
30 percent or more
"There's another agenda," Garvey says.
15 to 29.9 percest
"There are factors that they're not going
0 to 14.9 parcent
to tell you about."
Less
-Laura Zelenko
Source: U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, Health Care in Rural America, OTA-H-434, September 1990
10
American Demographics / January 1992
THEINC. 1991 METRO REPORT
Where the
Page
every
GROWTH Is
business for in
200
WHAT A DIFFERENCE A PLACE MAKES.
Jackson
Jobs
Gre
from region to region." Today's fax-and-
Summit
Corners
tan
Boston's theme song these days could be
Roseville 549
Snedekerville
East
computer communications networks may
Smit
"Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?" In a
Springfield
only intensify the disparities between the
Austroville
grim reprise of its mid-1970s blues, the city
Columbia
haves and the have-nots. Red Rose Graphics
Mansfield
Sylvania
Cross
BIR
ADFO
has lost tens of thousands of jobs, its unem-
Burli
Ltd., of Lancaster, Pa., for example, is open-
ployment rate nosing toward double digits.
If you
ing its second branch office in fast-growing
Residents of Charlotte, N.C., by contrast,
Florida rather than in slower-growing areas
are whistling while they work. Sure, there's
closer to home, in part because work in
know which
a recession on-meaning that Charlotte's
process can easily be sent back and forth
jobless rate has crept up to a still-tight 4%.
electronically.
Between 1988 and 1990 the Charlotte area
Certainly the current recession has been
signs
gained 26,000 new jobs.
drastically tilted toward the Northeast.
Disparities of such magnitude spill into
"New England alone will account for one
every corner of the business world, affecting
out of every five job losses nationally," pre-
to follow,
the health of existing companies and the life
dicts Beth Burnham Mace, an economist
prospects of new ones. A stark symbol of the
with DRI/McGraw-Hill Inc., the eco-
difference: Blackstone Bank & Trust Co., a
you'll
nomic-forecasting and consulting firm.
four-year-old Boston start-up designed as a
"Yet the region has only 6% of the nation's
high-service community bank, recently
jobs." While the Boston-to-Washington
find
went belly-up, its deposits transferred to a
megalopolis staggers, plenty of cities are
larger competitor. Charlotte's not-quite-
growing apace-and not just in Florida and
two-year-old Bank of Mecklenburg,
California. Seattle gained 23,000 jobs be-
thriving
founded on much the same concept, has
tween 1988 and 1990, Dallas 66,000, with
grown to $52 million in assets; cofounder
only modest letups in more recent months.
John Ketner is predicting a profitable 1991,
Even the Midwest has held its own, with
markets
based mainly on loans to small and midsize
regional capitals such as Indianapolis and
companies. Quick: which city would you
the Twin Cities pausing only slightly from
rather be doing business in?
all over
the rapid recovery of the late 1980s. "Indi-
The United States has always been a
anapolis must have one of the strongest
collection of local and regional markets
economies in America," brags Scott L.
America
rather than one big one, and business condi-
Toussaint, whose temporary-help business
tions have always varied from place to place.
is enjoying its best year ever. "If I weren't
"People talk about regional recessions as if
already in this city, I'd run, not walk, here."
they're unusual," says Stanley Duobinis, se-
Growth-minded entrepreneurs are al-
nior vice-president with The WEFA Group,
ways tempted to-run to where business is
BY JOHN CASE
an economics consulting firm in Bala
best, whether it's to start a new company or
Cynwyd, Pa. "But you can go back to 1946
expand an existing one. Before you do any
and you won't find one that doesn't vary
running of your own, however, remember
66 INC./JUNE 1991
MAPS: COPYRIGHT © 1991 BY H.M. GOUSHA, A DIVISION OF SIMON & SCHUSTER
Dallas
that the nation's metro areas are as
your company's health. What you
supply of labor and move in. Even in
volatile as they are different. Not so
need to know is what separates the
Florida, the influx of residents no
long ago the New York City area was
winners from the losers.
longer consists mainly of retirees. The
poised for several years of growth,
working-age population in Fort Myers
while Dallas-though few knew it-
PEOPLE
and Fort Pierce, for example, has been
was on the edge of collapse. Today
A growing economy requires a grow-
growing at more than four times the
Dallas is sailing out of the economic
ing population. That's a truism, but
national rate.
doldrums, and New York is sinking
it's been given a twist by the demo-
Birch's argument also explains why
into them. But how long will either
graphics of America in the 1990s. In
"edge cities' such as Riverside, in the
city continue on its current course?
the past workers went where the jobs
so-called Inland Empire just east of
And how long will Charlotte or Indi-
were, leaving Mississippi or Ap-
Los Angeles, have been thriving. "Peo-
anapolis or Seattle stay on the fast
palachia for Chicago and Detroit. In
ple came in because of the lower costs
track? As mavens of any marketplace
todav's labor-short economy. argues
here," says André Richards of the
know, the past is seldom an adequate
MIT researcher David L. Birch, jobs
Riverside County Economic Develop-
guide to the future-particularly when
have to follow workers.
ment Agency. "As the population
there's a recession on.
"The demographics cut in sharply
boomed businesses began noticing this
Faced with such uncertainty. Inc.
in the mid-1980s," Birch explains.
newly forming market and began
this year is forgoing its customary top-
"That's when the baby boom was fi-
moving in themselves." A similar phe-
to-bottom ranking of metro areas. In-
nally absorbed into the labor force and
nomenon is visible in the otherwise
stead, we've assembled a variety of data
we began seeing unemployment rates
sluggish Northeast. Though New York
indicating not only which cities are
down around 3% and 4%. Today the
City itself isn't growing much, the
growing, but why, and which can ex-
work force can dictate the location of
city's northern New Jersey suburbs are
pect to do best in the future. One
employment." Economic growth is
bursting at the seams. And the healthi-
result of this investigation: a list of top
thus beginning to follow population
est outlying cities are those such as
performers no businessperson can af-
movement rather than vice versa.
Lancaster, Pa., where a low-cost, high-
ford to ignore. (See "Editors' Choice,"
"The places that are doing well are the
quality stvle of life attracts and holds a
page 78.) These are cities-two in
places people want to be.
steady stream of new residents. Moral:
every region of the country-that are
That, says Birch, is why Sun Belt
the place to start or expand a business
outpacing their neighbors during the
cities such as Las Vegas and Fort
these days is where the people are.
current slowdown and are best poised
Myers, Fla., perennially top the popu-
Marketers. take note: in general,
to take advantage of the recovery when
lation-growth charts. Forget jobs: peo-
population growth translates into
it comes. If awards were handed out
pie move away from the high costs and
growth in a metro area's total earnings,
for solid, long-term growth, these are
cold of the North to places that look
which is a pretty good proxy for what
the cities that would win the ribbons.
cheaper and more pleasant, and feel
a region's residents have to spend.
But you don't need to live in a
confident they'll find work once they
Rank U.S. cities by earnings growth.
best-of-show region to understand the
get there. Businesses then spring up to
and leading the list will be many of the
importance of your city's health to
serve them; others spot an abundant
same Florida and California cities that
68 INC./JUNE 199
PHOTOGRAPH: MARK SEGAL/TSW
top the population rankings. In city-
That is a clear and present danger
Gelatt
d Alford
370
Orson
247
Priceville
to-city comparisons, places with grow-
for places like the Vallejo/Fairfield re-
Gibson
Burn-
Rock Lake
670
gion just north of San Francisco,
Kingsley
wood
ing populations outpace their neigh-
171
S.
374
371
Niagara
Gibson
Pleasant
Rileyville
bors economically. Metro Cleveland
where construction employment grew
Lenox
W
omo
Mount
Cold
lost residents between 1988 and 1990,
by 14% between 1988 and 1990. But
MOST JOB GROWTH
and its earnings grew only a little. The
real estate overheating has plagued cit-
1988 TO 1990
Twin Cities in Minnesota gained peo-
ies from New Hampshire to New
FORT PIERCE, FLA.
10.7%
ple-and the area's earnings grew five
WEST PALM BEACH/
Mexico. In Minneapolis, says Norwest
10.4%
BOCA RATON, FLA.
times as much as Cleveland's.
Corp. economist Larry Wipf, an oth-
ANAHEIM/SANTA ANA, CALIF.
9.8%
erwise healthy economy is haunted by
FORT LAUDERDALE/
MUSCULAR ECONOMIES
HOLLYWOOD, FLA.
9.1%
the specter of four big office towers
SANTA ROSA/PETALUMA, CALIF.
8.5%
Though an expanding population
now under construction. "We'll end
OXNARD/
fuels local markets, population growth
up with a glut of space we'll have to
VENTURA, CALIF.
8.0%
LAS VEGAS, NEV.
7.8%
alone is no protection against col-
work through," says Wipf with a sigh.
OCALA, FLA.
7.6%
lapse-ask the thousands who flocked
"Construction employment will dip,
MIDDLESEX/SOMERSET/
7.6%
and that will retard the recovery as we
HUNTERDON, N.J.
Oakland
171
Hancock
SANTA CRUZ, CALIF.
7.4%
Susquebanma
370
97
come out of the recession."
Brushville
Starrucca
Starlight
Stockport
Iford
Delaware
It trades-in part-on a specialty.
MOST RETAIL SALES
Shehawken
TONI
hompson
Lake
oEquinue
Big cities, like big companies, used to
GROWTH
1988 TO 1990
think of themselves as conglomerates,
MOST POPULATION
FORT LAUDERDALE/
18.2%
GROWTH
each metro business world a micro-
HOLLYWOOD, FLA.
1988 TO 1990
cosm of the national economy. No
ANAHEIM/SANTA ANA, CALIF.
17.9%
RIVERSIDE/
more. The most prosperous areas are
SANTA ROSA/PETALUMA, CALIF.
16.6%
ORLANDO, FLA.
16.4%
SAN BERNARDINO, CALIF.
10.9%
those that specialize in at least one
SANTA CRUZ, CALIF.
LAS VEGAS, NEV.
16.1%
10.9%
industry, which they then "export" to
ATLANTIC CITY, N.J.
NAPLES, FLA.
16.0%
9.6%
WEST PALM BEACH/
FORT PIERCE, FLA.
8.7%
the surrounding region, nation, or
BOCA RATON, FLA.
15.6%
FORT MYERS/CAPE CORAL, FLA.
8.5%
world. Examples? Think of San Jose's
SAN JOSE, CALIF.
15.0%
technology, Los Angeles's movies,
OXNARD/
MOST PERSONAL-
VENTURA, CALIF.
14.0%
EARNINGS GROWTH
Orlando's Disney-based tourism.
BURLINGTON, VT.
13.9%
1988 TO 1990
Charlotte may be a second-tier city,
FORT PIERCE, FLA.
11.2%
WEST PALM BEACH/
but it is a top-level banking center, the
BOCA RATON, FLA.
11.1%
fourth largest (by bank assets) in the
ing and financial center as well as the
ANAHEIM/SANTA ANA, CALIF.
11.1%
nation. A key specialty for some cities
world's entertainment capital. In-
FORT LAUDERDALE/
HOLLYWOOD, FLA.
10.0%
these days is internationally traded
dianapolis boasts a thriving insurance
SANTA ROSA/PETALUMA, CALIF.
9.9%
goods and services. Most economists
business as well as plenty of industrial
figure that export growth will fuel the
employers. And who could fault the
recovery, which in turn will boost any-
flourishing economy of Lancaster, Pa.,
to Houston in the early 1980s, just in
one who's doing business overseas.
which has done well across a lot of
time to watch the region's oil-based
Yet it's diversified enough to weather
boards? Lancaster's metro area may be
economy crumble. So how do you sep-
a downturn. The one blot on Seattle's
small, but it's a regional leader in agri-
arate flash-in-the-pan booms from sol-
robust growth of recent years is the
culture, manufacturing, and-thanks
idly based growth? Experts point to
area's dependence on The Boeing Co.:
to the Amish-tourism. "We're on the
three characteristics of a truly muscular
the city fell with Boeing two decades
tail end of recessions generally because
metro economy:
ago and rose with it in the '80s. Today
we're so diversified," says Sam Lom-
It's more than just an overheated real
the company still has a huge backlog of
bardo, chief executive of a $5.5-
estate sector. In some of the nation's
orders, from both U.S. and foreign
million insurance agency in the city.
fastest-growing regions, growth itself is
customers. But turbulence in the air-
"And when the recovery comes to the
the major industry; the hottest compa-
line industry could affect Boeing's
rest of the country, I think Lancaster
nies are in real estate development,
order book, and the reverberations
will begin to spread its wings."
construction, and finance. But "con-
would shake the region. "Everyone
struction is a weird sector," points out
watches to see what happens with Boe-
NEW BUSINESS
WEFA's Duobinis. "To have growth,
ing," says Phil LeDuc, vice-president
The one growth factor no metro area
you can't just be adding new build-
of $1.6-million LeDuc Packaging
can ignore is new and growing busi-
ings; you have to add more new build-
Enterprises Inc.
ness. "One of the things we've noticed
ings than before." When the pace of
Other cities, by contrast, are less
is the number of small and medium-
expansion slows, construction workers
dependent on their key industries, let
sized manufacturing companies that
are suddenly out of work, property
alone on any one company. Los Ange-
have expanded their operations and
values plummet, and credit dries up.
les has become a growing manufactur-
created jobs here," says an appreciative
INC./JUNE 1991 69
Fort Lauderdale
Timothy Monger, president of the In-
ments, which is why most of the "busi-
which illustrate the dynamics of boom
dianapolis Economic Development
ness starts" leaders on the accompany-
and bust in today's economy.
Corp., pointing out that large manu-
ing charts are also growing in pop-
For Boston, the Massachusetts Mir-
facturers have generally been down-
ulation. But every now and then
acle came to an abrupt end: after years
sizing. Among the upstarts: 11-year-
entrepreneurship sprouts in some un-
of expansion the region suddenly
old Pure Corp., a manufacturer of
expected places, giving a boost to a
found itself an economic basket case.
industrial cleaners, which so far has
metro area that would otherwise be
What happened? "A whole bunch of
barely noticed the recession. "We've
unremarkable. Greater Philadelphia
cycles came together at once," says
experienced annual growth rates of
probably houses more biotech start-
Stanley Duobinis, "and they were all
about 20%,' says CEO Ted Schen-
ups than any other place east of San
berg, "and we expect another 15%
Francisco Bay. Akron has christened
52
Clifford
spring
Forest
Creamton
dSikc
Roval:
247
gain in 1991. Things look pretty
itself Polymer Valley and has spawned
nwood
City
170 670
ICE
247
Dyberry
bright in Indianapolis.
dozens of new. growing plastics-
Vandling Betnany
235) PROMPTON
Beach
Fleetville
247
71
Writ large, entrepreneurial bullish-
Waymart*
Lake
related enterprises.
Carbon
652
ness of this sort translates into the
Then there's the unlikely case of the
MOST BUSINESS STARTS
creation of whole new industries,
Utica-Rome metro area in central
1988 TO 1990
which in turn lay the groundwork for
New York State. Like the rest of its
LAS VEGAS, NEV.
1.7%
future metro specialties. Orlando has
region, Utica has seen grim times in
ORLANDO, FLA.
1.4%
spawned a budding film- and video-
CHARLOTTE. N.C.
recent years; factories have been clos-
1.3%
ATLANTA, GA.
1.2%
production industry, swelling from
ing, people leaving. The city's earnings
HICKORY, N.C.
1.2%
$2.5 million worth of activity in 1986
growth between 1988 and 1990 was
CHARLESTON, S.C.
1.2%
NASHVILLE, TENN.
to more than $82 million last year.
1.2%
less than half the national average. But
EL PASO, TEX.
1.2%
The Seattle area (Microsoft, Aldus)
staying behind, explains one resident,
RIVERSIDE/
and Salt Lake City area (WordPerfect,
are "hard-core Uticans," who have
SAN BERNARDINO. CALIF.
1.1%
GREENVILLE/SPARTANBURG.S.
1.1%
Novell) have developed booming soft-
created a healthy number of high-
ware industries. Burlington, Vt.-
growth businesses. Among them,
MOST HIGH-GROWTH
thanks to an enabling state law-has
Conmed Corp.. a producer of medical
COMPANIES
recently become home to some 215
1988 TO 1990
devices and disposable products, is up
SAN JOSE, CALIF.
"captive" insurance companies, self-
8.1%
to an estimated S35 million in sales
UTICA/ROME. N.Y.
7.1%
insuring subsidiaries of large corpora-
this year, from less than $20 million
WASHINGTON. D.C.
6.9%
tions or trade associations. The effect
HICKORY, N.C.
6.7%
two years ago.
TERRE HAUTE/
on entrepreneurship: most of the cap-
BLOOMINGTON, IND.
6.6%
tives have hired newly formed man-
A TALE OF TWO CITIES
LANCASTER. PA.
6.5%
WILlIAMSPORT/
agement companies to handie their
All those factors play off one another,
STATE COLLEGE. PA.
6.4%
paperwork.
of course, creating virtuous (or vicious)
BURLINGTON. VT.
6.4%
As a statistical matter. new-basiness
cycles of growth (or decline). Take the
RENO. NEV.
6.4%
TALLAHASSEE. FLA.
creation follows population move-
6.3%
examples of Boston and Charlotte.
72 INC./JUNE 1991
OGRAPH J. MESSERSCHMIDTTSW
Seattle
negative." Housing and commercial
lenburg County grew by nearly 12%
factor in capital-hungry Cogentrix's
real estate were overbuilt. When the
between 1985 and 1990, with em-
early growth was the fancy financial
market turned, banks from tiny Black-
ployment up 22%.
resources it could find close to home.
stone to giant Bank of New England
The result of all that development:
"We'd call investment bankers in New
found themselves insolvent. Mean-
a cascade of economic benefits, each
York, and they wouldn't even return
while, defense spending was shrinking
one feeding the other. Earnings up 5%
our calls," says project manager Robin
and the minicomputer industry, head-
and retail sales up 10% in the last two
Spinks with a laugh. "Our banking
quartered in eastern Massachusetts,
years, both figures well above the na-
relationship with NCNB was ver im-
was in the tank. The result: rising un-
tional average. More foreign compa-
portant to us in our early days."
employment, shrinking credit, and a
nies locating in the region, thanks in
And what of the future? One big
state-government fiscal crisis, all feed-
part to a fast-growing international
strike against Boston, say economists,
ing an increasingly sour outlook on the
airport. And yes, the region's economy
part of consumers and businesspeople.
was the high rents and wage rates gen-
is increasingly diversified. Despite
erated during its boom years. And one
Berween 1988 and early 1991, The
Charlotte's specialization in banking
big attraction of Charlotte has been its
Conference Board's widely watched
and distribution, manufacturing em-
relatively low costs. In time-but
consumer-confidence index for New
ployment has increased nearly 10%
probably not for several vears-those
England fell more than 75%.
since 1985. The city is also emerging
factors will tend to equalize. Ulti-
Charlotte's story in recent vears was
as a major regional health-care center.
mately, each city will have to trade on
different in every particular. For dec-
Maybe not surprisingly, Charlotte
its long-term assets: Boston on its re-
ades the city was a sleepy financial and
has become a great place to start a
commercial center for the cotton and
search universities and highly educated
company, ranking third nationally in
textile industries, serving the Pied-
work force, Charlotte on its sunny cli-
the number of start-ups and 11th in
mate and strategic location. What's
mont region and not much more. As
proportion of fast-growing businesses.
likely to make the difference is how
the Southeast grew, however, Char-
Ten-year-old Broadway & Seymour, a
lotte was well situated to cash in. Its
many people choose to build busi-
$37-million software developer that
biggest banks, solidly based in cotton
nesses in either city.
counts banks among its major clients,
At the moment, the odds favor
and textiles-and already operating
has been growing by more than 30% a
statewide-began moving into other
Charlotte. But metro areas have given
year. John Ketner's new Bank of
parts of the region. National manufac-
us more than a few surprises over the
Mecklenburg has crept into a local-
years, as policymakers and business-
turers and wholesalers began locating
banking niche vacated by ever-expand-
people have learned to invent or take
warehouse and distribution facilities
ing giants such as First Union Na-
around the city, taking advantage of its
advantage of new strengths. The top
tional Bank and NCNB National
strategic location on I-77 and I-85.
performers on the following pages
Bank. Power-plant operator Cogentrix
Today Charlotte is number four na-
weren't always the best cities for busi-
Inc., twice the top-ranked company
ness, and they may not be so forever.
tionally in banking (as measured by
on Inc.'s annual listing of the 500
assets) and number six in wholesaling.
Still, right now, they're the places
fastest-growing private businesses in
to be.
The population of surrounding Meck-
America, is based in Charlotte. One
(METRO REPORT continued on page 78)
74 INC./JUNE 1991
PHOTOGRAPH CLIFF HOLLENBECK/TSW
USH
JOHNS
Buffalo
Mifflinburg
Fiedler Woodward
Kapp
Riverside
CATANISMA
Nuremberg
Mines
burg
NorthamberJand
487
339
924
Zion
Beaver
Jim
903
Bel
304
Winfield.
54
McAdoo
Meadows
93
Brodheads
heim
Numidia
Grove
Shepp
Thorpe
Ros 4
STATE
THEINC. 1991 METRO REPORT
Nesquehoning
Kresgeville
villa
-ton
309
Durn
Wind Gap
donville
Forest inn
parata
Port Ann
Hummels
Whart
ansfore
Beltzvilie
104
Paxinos
Troxelville
Selinsgrove
Barnes
town
Lehighton
Lake
Kunkletown
Augustaville
Gap
Carmel.,Centralia
City
Middleburg
Kulpmont
vilie
Summit902
33
Painte
Gilber
Atlas
Tamaqua
Coal
HiM
ton
248
946
ated out of Atlanta have set up facili-
ties in Orlando, at the center of what's
Editors'
now the fourth-most-populous state.
New industries include film produc-
tion, military simulation and training,
and laser-optic technologies.
CHOICE
America's best cities for growing a business
RUNNER-UP:
charlotte, N.C.
Last year alone 413 companies started
NORTHEAST
ment maker. Such variety, says finance
in or expanded or relocated to Char-
blue RIBBON:
professor Gary Leinberger, has spared
lotte, investing $266 million and cre-
burlington, VT.
the city the fate of its less diversified
ating 6,800 new jobs. One effect of the
Escaping New England's gloom
neighbors. The prototypical Lancaster
recession: Charlotte companies aren't
entrepreneur: S. Dale High, whose
placing quite so many help-wanted ads
SCORECARD (1988 TO 1990)
family-owned High Industries Inc. has
in West Virginia newspapers.
expanded from steel fabrication and
Population growth: 3.1%
New jobs: 5,300
concrete production into real estate,
New companies: 35
hotels, food services, and compact-disc
midwest
High-growth companies: 43
manufacturing.
Burlington's recession has been kinder
SOUTHEAST
and gentler than the rest of New Eng-
land's. The difference? The city is
BLUE RIBBON:
ORLANDO, FLA.
home to stable employers such as
IBM; its breathtaking Lake Cham-
Oranges and tourists? No longer
plain location ensures a steady stream
of well-educated newcomers; and its
SCORECARD (1988 TO 1990)
proximity to Montreal attracts Quebec
Population growth: 7.6%
companies seeking a U.S. foothold. A
New jobs: 40,800
blue RIBBON:
second factor: astute public policies.
INDIANAPOLIS
New companies: 276
Vermont's strict development laws, for
High-growth companies: 223
Middle America's best-kept secret
example, shielded the area's banks
from a real estate boom and bust.
Talk about your big, stable industries:
SCORECARD (1988 TO 1990)
"The isolation doesn't hurt us," says
Orlando is home to Walt Disney
World, Universal Studios Florida, and
Population growth: 1.6%
Holographics North founder John
dozens of other theme parks and at-
New jobs: 12,800
Perry. "We're only five minutes from
the airport. Heck, everybody's only
tractions; it boasts the most hotel
New companies: 239
five minutes from the airport."
rooms of any U.S. city. Even so, busi-
High-growth companies: 181
ness travelers at Orlando International
The old jokes told of "Naptown" and
Airport now outnumber tourists 56 to
RUNNER-UP:
"India-no-place." Just don't laugh too
44. Growing manufacturers such as
LANCASTER, PA.
hard. For while Rustbelt neighbors
Florida Polymers have sprung up (or
Lancaster's biggest employers are an
have scrambled to stave off hard times,
moved in) to take advantage of the
interior-furnishings manufacturer, a
Indianapolis has sailed into the '90s
city's expanding work force. Distribu-
printer, a hospital, and a farm-equip-
with a well-diversified economy. Tra-
tors and wholesalers that once oper-
ditional smokestack employers have
78 INC./JUNE 1991
PHOTOGRAPHS: (TOP) ROGER BALL/PICTURESQUE: (BOTTOM) CATHLYN MELLOAN/TSW
Bannerville
Beavertown
Belltown
SNYDER
147
Mahanoy
City
Middleport
443
BOSIA
Beaver Sprs.
Port
35
Rolls
Sistedale
Batb
New
Mabel
Minersville
Snyders
Laurys
Sta.
Trevorton
SMcClure
Leck Killo
Claif Philadelphia
Worthampton
Newb
Independence
Herndon
895
Gap
901
Carbon
309
parata
OWagner
Richfield
Lynnport
Neffs
512
Alto
New
329
Am
235
Meiserville
Mandata
125
Hegins
(568)
Valley View
Pottsville
Ringgold
New
Schnecks
Catasapous
225
Orwigsburg
Tripoli
145
33
Paintersville
9
McAlisterville.
Seven Stars
Dalmatias
Newtown
100
ville
25
Kemoton
Orefield
235
Cressona
Deer Lake
137
863
Prountain
Hillo
been supplemented by buttoned-
tion, with the 10 biggest companies
be labeled a recession here," says
down newcomers such as discount
alone employing more than 50,000
Douglas H. Pedersen, an economist at
broker Charles Schwab, which re-
people. Among the up-and-comers is
Security Pacific Bank Washington.
cently sited a branch there. Certainly
SRX Inc., which recently signed a con-
Seattle doesn't rank high for new-
the local marketplace has been good to
tract with Motorola to market a newly
company formation; more than some
Technical Resource Group, an execu-
developed emergency 911 hardware-
cities, it's dependent on one big em-
tive-search firm that's grown to $2
and-software system. The company's
ployer, Boeing. But entrepreneurs who
million in just five years. "It's because
anticipated 1991 sales: about $25
do put down roots there find the soil
of the industries we trade in-engi-
million.
fertile. Annie Searle, a Midwest native
neering, health services, insurance,"
who moved to Seattle 14 years ago, is
says president Roger Brummett.
now CEO of $1.5-million Delphi
"We've really been insulated from the
Computers & Peripherals. "Frankly,
effects of the recession."
our company's on a growth trajectory
RUNNER-UP:
that's compounding, not slowing
MINNEAPOLIS/ST. PAUL
down," says Searle. Let company own-
Factor out an overheated construction
ers in other regions worry about cau-
industry and you'll' still find the
tious bankers and credit crunches. "I
Twin Cities spawning small-com-
don't have any problems at all getting
pany growth. One happy company
money."
owner: McRae Anderson, head of a
RUNNER-UP:
RUNNER-UP:
$1-million interior landscape design
SALT LAKE CITY
RIVERSIDE, CALIF.
and maintenance business in St. Paul.
Like Dallas, Salt Lake City went into a
The Inland Empire-50 miles east of
"Our sales were up last year," says
slump a few years ago-and now, says
downtown Los Angeles-is one of the
Anderson. "They will be this year,
William A. Maasberg, CEO of soft-
fastest-growing metro areas in the
too."
ware developer Libra Corp., "we're
country, meaning there are plenty of
going to lead the way out. We've got a
people to staff (and buy from) new
SOUTHWEST
lot of good, solid new industry here."
companies. Compared with much of
BLUE RIBBON:
Much of it is close to Maasberg's pro-
Southern California, it's cheap. "We
DALLAS/FORT WORTH
fessional heart: the area has 450 com-
had a lot of employees who couldn't
On the way back
puter and software-related companies,
afford more than an apartment," says
many started in the last several years.
Darrell Ratliff of Natives Sportswear
SCORECARD (1988 TO 1990)
Inc., a clothing manufacturer that re-
WEST COAST
Population growth: 4.2%
cently moved there from Orange
New jobs: 66,400
BLUE RIBBON:
County. "When we relocated here,
SEATTLE
New companies: 883
they could afford to buy their first
Everybody's favorite city
home."
High-growth companies: 686
Five years ago, says University of Texas
SCORECARD (1988 TO 1990)
Behind the Numbers
professor Donald Hicks, the Dallas/
DATA ON POPULATION, EARNINGS,
Fort Worth "metroplex" was in "free
Population growth: 5.0%
employment, and retail sales were pro-
fall." But rents and land prices in the
New jobs: 22,600
vided by Woods & Poole Economics Inc.,
New companies: 414
in Washington, D.C. Data on business
area got so low that-surprise!-
High-growth companies: 368
starts and high-growth companies were
businesses began to move in. Last year
compiled by Cognetics Inc., in Cam-
Dallas ranked first nationally in the
Seattle is Miss Popularity among cities.
bridge, Mass. The business-starts rate is
number of new or expanded corporate
Places Rated Almanac ranks it number
the number of companies with 10 or more
facilities. And the hard years of the
employees founded between January 1988
one. Company CEOs polled by real
and July 1990, as a percentage of all busi-
recent past have left companies of all
estate specialists Cushman & Wake-
nesses in the area. High-growth com-
sizes in fighting trim. "We had a good
field say it's the best place to locate a
panies are those whose employment
year," says Aggie Jordan-DeLaurenti,
business. The city's only problem?
growth, in both absolute and percentage
who runs a $14.5-million technical-
terms, exceeds a certain threshold. The
Too many people. "It's becoming a
percentage figure indicates the number of
training company. "But I've learned to
victim of its own appeal," reports The
high-growth companies as a proportion of
be real careful about expenses." One
New York Times Magazine. Problems
all young companies in the region.
engine for future development: the
like that we all should have. "Growth
The data were assembled and edited
area's fast-growing telecommunica-
may be slowing, but I don't think
by Special Projects Editor Sara Baer-
tions industry, number two in the na-
Sinnott. Research assistance was provided
we're going to see anything that could
by Alessandra Bianchi.
PHOTOGRAPH: JOHN ELK/TSW; MAPS: COPYRIGHT © 1991 BY H.M. GOUSHA, A DIVISION OF SIMON & SCHUSTER
INC./JUNE 1991 79
Information
COST OF LIVING INDEX
CITIES OF 300,000 TO 600,000 POPULATION
3RD QUARTER 1991
RANK
CITY
ALL ITEMS INDEX
1
Omaha, NE
89.9
2
Nashville, TN
91.7
3
Ft. Worth, TX
93.4
4
New Orleans, LA
93.5
5
Tulsa, OK
94.7
6
Wichita, KS
95.5
7
Oklahoma City, OK
96.0
8
El Paso, TX
96.4
9
Kansas City, MO
97.0
10
St. Louis, MO
97.7
11
Albuquerque, NM
99.1
12
Denver, CO
100.0
13
Charlotte, NC
100.1
14
Atlanta, GA
100.1
15
Tucson, AZ
104.2
16
Cincinnati, OH
105.8
17
Sacramento, CA
106.1
18
Toledo, OH
106.1
19
Portland, OR
108.0
20
Seattle, WA
111.9
21
Miami, FL
112.2
21
Cleveland, OH
114.3
23
Fresno, CA
118.4
24
Long Beach, CA
124.6
SOURCES: US Department of Commerce - Bureau of Census, 1991; American Chamber
of Commerce Researchers Association - Cost of Living Index, 1991
NOTE:
Eight cities within this population range did not report Cost of Living data to
ACCRA.
129 West Trade Street, Post Office Box 32785, Charlotte, NC 28232, Phone (704) 377-6911 FAX (704) 374-1903
SELECTED SOUTHERN CITIES
COST OF LIVING, 3RD QUARTER 1991
ALL
ALL
MIS. GOODS
ITEMS
ITEMS
GROCERY
HOUSING
UTILITIES
TRANS.
HEALTHCARE
& SERV.
RANK
CITY
INDEX
INDEX
RANK
INDEX
RANK
INDEX
RANK
INDEX
RANK
INDEX
RANK
INDEX
RANK
1
Nashville, TN
91.7
93.2
1
90.9
2
91.0
2
93.9
3
75.5
1
94.6
2
2
New Orleans, LA
93.5
100.5
13
83.1
1
98.8
6
98.2
8
85.0
3
95.2
5
3
Greenville, SC
94.0
96.7
7
91.5
4
103.3
9
94.1
4
75.8
2
95.1
3
4
Raleigh, NC
96.4
95.9
4
98.7
7
104.8
10
91.9
1
96.9
7
93.9
1
5
Columbia, SC
97.1
96.4
6
99.1
8
86.0
1
98.0
6
95.6
6
100.0
7
6
Winston-Salem, NC
98.3
93.9
2
100.2
11
95.8
4
93.5
2
95.1
5
103.1
9
7
Greensboro, NC
98.9
95.5
3
95.5
6
96.7
5
98.1
7
87.5
4
107.0
14
8
Charlotte, NC
100.1
97.6
9
101.7
12
95.7
3
95.5
5
101.3
9
103.6
10
9
Atlanta, GA
100.1
98.1
1
99.2
10
114.1
13
98.9
9
108.8
13
95.1
4
10
Orlando, FL
100.6
96.0
5
104.3
13
101.7
8
105.7
12
104.6
11
96.8
6
11
Birmingham, AL
101.4
96.8
8
95.2
5
110.1
11
100.3
10
100.4
8
106.0
12
12
Houston, TX
102.6
105.8
15
91.4
3
100.8
7
115.1
15
103.5
10
103.9
11
13
Dallas, TX
104.7
102.0
14
100.0
9
117.1
14
108.8
14
112.4
14
101.4
8
14
Richmond, VA
105.5
100.4
12
104.6
14
112.4
12
104.8
11
107.0
12
106.4
13
15
Miami, FL
112.2
97.9
10
117.7
15
127.5
15
108.4
13
129.4
15
108.4
15
SOURCE: American Chamber of Commerce Researchers Association Inter-City Cost of Living Indicators
2nd Quarter 1991.
Information
1991
Economic Review
129 West Trade Street, Post Office Box 32785, Charlotte, NC 28232, Phone (704)377-6911 FAX (704) 374-1903
New and Expanded Business (# of Firms)
900
860
800
700
649
621
600
Number of Firms
500
462
413
382
383
400
300
200
100
0
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
Years
New and Expanded Business (Employment)
12,000
10,895
10,376
9,412
10,000
7,418
8,000
6,789
Employment
6,031
6,000
5,177
4,000
2,000
0
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
Years
1
New and Expanded Business (Investment)
1,200
1,017.7
1,000
800
Millions of Dollars
627.5
600
509
440.4
400
266.0
272.2
215
200
0
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
Years
New and Expanded Business (Square Feet)
13.3
14
11.9
12
9.5
10
Millions of Square Feet
8
6.6
6.5
5.7
6
5.3
4
2
0
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
Years
2
Total Construction Permits
11,637
12,000
11,194
11,314
10,220
10,484
9,748
9,740
10,000
Construction Permits
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
Years
Construction Permits
1991
9,740
1990
10,484
1989
11,314
1988
11,637
1987
11,194
1986
10,220
1985
9,748
3
Residential Units
10,000
8,000
Number of Units
6,000
Multi-family
4,000
2,000
Single family
0
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
Years
Residential Units
Single
Multi-
Family
Family
Total
1991*
3,413
874
4,282
1990
3,873
1,962
5,835
1989
4,622
5,139
9,761
1988
4,597
3,139
7,736
1987
4,597
3,652
8,249
1986
4,436
3,017
7,453
1985
4,141
5,305
9,446
4
Construction Value
1,200
1,000
800
Millions of Dollars
600
Non-residential
400
200
Residential
0
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
Years
Construction Value
(Millions of Dollars)
Non-
Residential
Residential
Total
1991
$364.7
$385.3
$750.0
1990
$424.3
$528.0
$952.3
1989
510.5
422.1
932.6
1988
419.9
510.8
930.7
1987
402.1
391.9
794.0
1986
383.6
456.1
839.7
1985
380.6
398.8
779.4
5
Office Space
Rentable
Sq. Feet
20
Absorbed
Sq. Feet
Occupied
15
Millions of Square Feet
10
5
0
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
Years
Office Space
(December Survey)
Millions of Square Feet
Rentable
Occupied
Absorbed
1991
20.8
16.3
0.4
1990
20.0
15.8
0.5
1989
19.7
15.4
1.6
1988
17.1
13.8
0.4
1987
16.7
13.4
0.7
1986
16.4
12.7
0.9
1985
14.9
11.8
1.8
Source: Charlotte Chamber
6
Population Growth
1,400,000
1,200,000
Charlotte-Gastonia-
Rock Hill MSA
1,000,000
800,000
Population
600,000
Mecklenburg
400,000
Charlotte
200,000
0
1960
'65
'70
'75
'80
'85
'90
1992
Years
Population
Charlotte
Mecklenburg
Charlotte-Gastonia
Rock Hill MSA
1992
421,990
538,373
1,206,672
1990
395,934
511,433
1,162,093
1985
349,949
457,851
1,066,742
1980
315,473
404,270
971,391
1975
278,263
379,463
898,706
1970
241,420
354,656
840,347
1965
221,498
313,384
771,365
1960
201,564
272,111
702,383
7
Mecklenburg Employment
400,000
Employment
300,000
200,000
100,000
0
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
Years
Place of Work
Place of Residence
Mecklenburg Employment
Place of
Place of Work
Residence
1991
362,720
275,300
1990
360,560
274,270
1989
358,010
272,910
1988
345,450
267,160
1987
334,930
261,480
1986
312,600
244,790
1985
292,130
235,250
Note: "Place of Work" consists of employees based on the location of their jobs.
"Place of Residence" consists of employees based on the location of
their residences.
Source: N.C. Employment Security Commission
8
Mecklenburg Employment
400,000
300,000
Employment
200,000
100,000
0
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
Non-Manufacturing
Manufacturing
Mecklenburg Employment
Total
Manufacturing
1991
362,720
51,260
1990
360,560
51,760
1989
358,010
50,790
1988
345,450
50,300
1987
334,930
50,000
1986
312,600
49,400
1985
292,130
47,480
Source: N.C. Employment Security Commission
9
Air Passenger Enplanements
Enplanements in Millions
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
8.4
1991
7.8
1990
7.7
1989
7.2
1988
Years
6.5
1987
6.0
1986
5.3
1985
4.3
1984
3.9
1983
2.8
1982
Source: Charlotte/Dougias International Airport
10
Foreign Firms
260
260
249
250
200
164
147
Number of Firms
150
100
60
50
18
0
1960
1970
1980
1985
1990
1991
Years
Foreign Firms
1991
260
1990
249
1985
164
1980
147
1970
60
1960
18
11
Charlotte IN DETAIL
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UNCC
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Strategic
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Location
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Environment
85
CENTRAL
BILLY
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BUSINESS
PKWY
DISTRICT
CHARLOTTE
DOUGLAS
INTERNATIONAL
AIRPORT
CHARLOTTE
COLISEUM
Twin Lakes business park
A 365 Acre Master Planned Business Park
Competitively Priced Land with All Utilities in Place
Conveniently Located to: I-77/I-85, Airport, Downtown
Twin Lakes
business park
Developer: The Keith Corporation
6060 St. Albans Street, Suite 600, Charlotte, North Carolina 28287
(704) 552-1010
Fax (704) 552-9793
Designing For
Charlotte's
Future
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The
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Architecture
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220 North Trvon Street
.
Charlotte, North Carolina 28202
704-332-7004
Charlotte
IN DETAIL
Charlotte: The center of the nation's new heartland for business and
industry. A dynamic city of American ideals. A city comfortable with its
historic past, certain of its present direction and prepared for the 21st
Century's golden opportunities and possibilities.
Charlotte: A city insistent of American values; an outstanding quality of
life, work ethic, responsive government and prudent taxation. A city
appreciative of the family, arts and education.
Charlotte: Chosen by more of the nation's top business leaders for future
business location than any other because of its business, government and
higher education harmony and environment.
Charlotte: A major financial center, home for two of the nation's largest
banks; a major transportation center with one of the world's ranking
international airports; a major cultural center with its own opera
company, an internationally known orchestra, a ranking science museum
and new, state-of-the-art Performing Arts Center. And the NBA's
Charlotte Hornets play the world's best basketball here.
Charlotte: A city for the future. The world knows about it. You can, too.
Charlotte: In Detail
Charlotte
P.O. Box 32785
129 West Trade Street
Charlotte, N.C. 28232
704/377-6911
FAX 704/374-1903
10/91/8M
POPULATION
City of
Mecklenburg
Households, Mecklenburg County, 1/1/91
205,200
Year
Charlotte
County
MSA
Average Household Effective Buying Income
$38,153
1960
201,564
272,111
702,383
1970
241,420
354,656
840,347
Percent of Households
1980
315,473
404,270
971,391
by Effective Buying Income Group
Percent
1990
395,934
511,433
1,162,093
1992
421,990
538,373
1,206,672
$10,000 $19,999
19.6
U.S. (population) rank, City of Charlotte, 1992
33
$20,000 $34,999
26.6
U.S. (population) rank, MSA
42
$35,000 $49,999
18.5
$50,000 and over
21.8
Percent of Population by Age Group,
Mecklenburg County 1/1/91
Percent
Mecklenburg County Population Projections
(growth rate is projected at 2.65% per year)
0 17 years
24.3
Year
Population
18 24 years
11.3
25 34 years
20.4
1995
581,466
35 49 years
22.7
2000
661,091
50 years and over
21.3
Median Age of Population
32.1
Migration, Mecklenburg County
Racial Composition, Mecklenburg County
Percent
1975 1980
Annualized
White
71.3
In migrants
84,277
16,855
Black
26.3
Out migrants
79,141
15,028
Other
2.4
Net in migrants
5,136
1,027
COST OF LIVING
Cities of 300,000 to 600,000 Population
2nd Quarter 1991
RANK
CITY
ALL ITEMS INDEX
RANK
CITY
ALL ITEMS INDEX
1
Omaha, NE
90.7
13
Charlotte, NC
100.4
2
Nashville, TN
92.3
14
Albuquerque, NM
100.6
3
Oklahoma City, OK
94.5
15
Denver, CO
101.9
4
Wichita, KS
94.6
16
Sacramento, CA
104.5
5
El Paso, TX
95.2
17
Minneapolis, MN
104.6
6
Kansas City, MO
97.6
18
Cincinnati, OH
106.8
7
New Orleans, LA
97.7
19
Portland, OR
110.4
8
Tulsa, OK
98.1
20
Miami, FL
111.6
9
Tucson, AZ
98.6
21
Buffalo, NY
112.7
10
St. Louis, MO
98.8
21
Seattle, WA
112.7
11
Austin, TX
99.2
23
Cleveland, OH
115.1
12
Atlanta, GA
99.7
24
Fresno, CA
116.1
Selected Southern Cities
Cost of Living, 2nd Quarter 1991
ALL
ALL
MIS. GOODS
ITEMS
ITEMS
GROCERY
HOUSING
UTILITIES
TRANS.
HEALTHCARE
& SERV.
RANK CITY
INDEX
INDEX RANK
INDEX RANK
INDEX RANK
INDEX RANK
INDEX RANK
INDEX RANK
1
Greenville, SC
95.7
98.4
6
95.8
3
104.0
4
93.9
2
75.7
1
96.6
4
2
Raleigh, NC
96.2
96.3
3
103.2
8
105.4
5
90.0
1
90.6
3
91.5
1
3
New Orleans, LA
97.7
101.6
10
88.7
1
118.0
9
98.9
7
89.6
2
96.0
3
4
Atlanta, GA
99.7
94.0
1
102.0
5
115.4
7
98.6
6
110.1
10
93.4
2
5
Winston-Salem, NC
99.8
95.3
2
103.1
7
96.3
3
96.5
3
95.0
4
103.6
9
6
Charlotte, NC
100.4
97.4
5
103.0
6
96.2
2
96.7
4
107.0
9
101.9
6
7
Houston, TX
101.0
106.3
11
91.9
2
93.0
1
111.8
11
103.3
7
102.3
7
8
Birmingham, AL
102.8
96.4
4
101.8
4
114.7
6
98.5
5
98.5
5
105.5
10
9
Dallas, TX
105.1
99.4
7
105.5
9
118.9
10
110.2
10
101.1
6
101.6
5
10
Richmond, VA
109.9
101.2
9
110.4
10
116.3
8
101.8
8
104.7
8
116.7
11
11
Miami, FL
111.6
100.6
8
121.3
11
127.9
11
107.5
9
125.2
11
103.2
8
SOURCE: American Chamber of Commerce Researchers Association Inter-City Cost of Living Indicators 2nd Quarter 1991.
QUALITY OF LIFE
Communications
Climatological Summary
°F
Major Daily Newspapers
1
Annual Average Temperature
61 degrees
Television Stations
6
Lowest Monthly Average (January)
42 degrees
Local Radio Stations
20
Highest Monthly Average (July)
79 degrees
Telephone Services
2
Long Distance Services
17
Records
°F
Telegraph Services
6
Highest Temperature
105 degrees
Weekly Newspapers
5
Lowest Temperature
-5 degrees
Cable Television Services
2
Precipitation
Annual Average
43 inches
Education 1991-92
Annual Snow Accumulation Average
6 inches
Charlotte/Mecklenburg School System
Average Number of Days with Sunshine
241
Number of Schools
Relative Humidity
Total Number of Schools
105
February
62%
Elementary Schools
73
August
75%
Middle Schools
5
Junior High Schools
16
High Schools
11
COMMUNITY FACILITIES
Special Programs
9
Churches
Protestant
400+
Enrollment
Catholic
9
Total Number of Students
77,897
Jewish
3
Grades K-3
26,803
Other
10
Grades 4-6
16,466
Grades 7-9
16,830
Medical
Grades 10-12
13,927
Acute Care Hospitals
5
Special Education
1,001
Specialty Care Hospitals
7
Long-Term Care Facilities
19
Class Size
Total Hospital Beds
2,498
Grades K-9
26 Student average
Nursing Schools
5
Grades 10-12
30 student average
Doctors
1,300
Average daily attendance
98%
Dentists
300
Recreational
Hotels and Motels, Mecklenburg County, 1991
City & County Parks
149
Total Number of Hotels and Motels
130
Country Clubs
13
Total Number of Rooms
16,037
Swimming Pools
985
Hotels Under Construction or Planned
7
Tennis Courts
100
Rooms Under Construction or Planned
811
Golf Courses
24
Total Number of Rooms - Existing,
Shopping Centers
139
Under Construction or Planned
16,848
Higher Learning in the Charlotte Area, 1991-92
Name of Institution
Location
Zip Code
Students
Faculty
Type
Barber-Scotia College
Concord, NC
28025
497
41
C
Belmont Abbey College
Belmont, NC
28012
1,020
91
C
Catawba College
Salisbury, NC
28144
953
71
C
Central Piedmont Community College
Charlotte, NC
28235
25,553
1,385
CC
Davidson College
Davidson, NC
28036
1,556
157
C
Gaston College
Dallas, NC
28034
3,807
256
CC
Johnson C. Smith University
Charlotte, NC
28216
1,244
100
U
King's College
Charlotte, NC
28204
310
21
V
Livingstone College
Salisbury, NC
28144
613
65
C
NC Center for Applied Textile
Belmont, NC
28102
2,100
10
V
Pfeiffer College
Misenheimer, NC
28109
958
70
C
Queens College
Charlotte, NC
28274
1,648
114
C
Rowan-Cabarrus CC
Salisbury, NC
28144
2,900
150
CC
UNC at Charlotte
Charlotte, NC
28223
15,058
817
U
Wingate College
Wingate, NC
28174
1,690
92
C
Winthrop College
Rock Hill, SC
29733
5,300
438
C
York Technical College
Rock Hill, SC
29730
2,979
200
T
Code: U - University
C - Four Year College
T - Technical Institute
CC - Community College
V - Vocational School
GOVERNMENT & TAXES
Form of City Government
Council-Mayor and Manager
SOURCES OF CITY REVENUE
Form of County Government
Commissioners and Manager
Police Districts, City of Charlotte
9
1. Property and Other Taxes
$186,938,077
28.9%
Police Personnel (city)
820
2. Water and Sewer
66,141,790
10.2
Police Personnel (county)
235
3. Airport
44,486,074
6.9
Fire Stations, City of Charlotte
29
4. Intergovernmental
60,123,989
9.3
Fire Personnel (full-time, city)
812
5. Bond Funds
244,651,538
37.8
Volunteer Fire Stations, Mecklenburg County
21
6. Other
44,186,121
6.8
Fire Personnel (volunteer, county)
690
Total Revenue
$646,527,589
100.0%
Public Libraries
1 main, 19 branches
Total Volumes Held
1,233,936
1991-92 COUNTY BUDGET IN BRIEF
1. Social Services
$230,194,880
40.2%
1991-92 CITY BUDGET IN BRIEF
2. Public Schools
110,698,277
19.3
3. Health & Hospitals
36,379,996
6.3
4. Mental Health
30,054,736
5.2
1. Police and Fire
$ 80,920,431
8.3%
5. Public Safety / Judicial
35,879,385
6.3
2. Debt Retirement
121,023,438
12.3
6. Community Development
36,170,230
6.3
3. Public Works
64,229,133
6.6
7. Public Business
21,408,117
3.7
4. Leisure Services
16,147,653
1.6
8. Debt Retirement
42,362,499
7.4
5. Public Transportation
20,467,733
2.1
9. Other
29,791,997
5.2
6. Airport
44,486,074
4.5
TOTAL BUDGET
$572,940,117
100.0%
7. Water and Sewer
66,141,790
6.7
8. Community Development
5,915,142
0.6
9. General Government
47,554,617
4.9
10. Employment and Training
2,616,568
0.3
11. Municipal Services Districts
965,693
0.1
12. Insurance and Risk Management
915,692
0.1
County Budget in Brief - 1991-92
13. Less Interfund Transfers
($164,566,738)
9
Sub-Total Operating Budget
$306,817,226
48.0%
14. Capital Projects
$339,710,363
52.0%
8
TOTAL BUDGET
$646,527,589
100.0%
7
1
6
City Budget in Brief 1991-92
1
5
2
4
3
3
2
14
Note: Numbers refer to above categories
4
SOURCES OF COUNTY REVENUE
1. Property Taxes
$237,465,338
41.4%
2. State
5
65,787,618
11.5
3. Federal
128,140,149
22.4
4. Other(Including ABC
6
Revenues, Sales Tax)
141,547,012
24.7
TOTAL BUDGET
$572,940,117
100.0%
7
8
10-13
9
Charlotte/Mecklenburg County Tax
Note: Numbers refer to above categories
Assessed Valuation-
Tax Levy-
Rate
Billions
Millions
1987
$1.2165
$26.4
$279.5
1988
1.2545
25.9
279.7
1989
1.2875
27.0
311.3
1990
1.335
29.0
338.0
1991
1.205
36.9
376.0
LABOR
Mecklenburg County, August 1991
Top 10 In-Commuting Counties
Total Labor Force
293,440
278,470
Rank
County
Total In-Commuters
Employed
14,970
1
Gaston
11,631
Unemployed
5.1%
2
Union
9,118
Unemployment Rate
3
Cabarrus
8,463
4
York, SC
8,057
Mecklenburg County Employment Trends
5
Iredell
3,263
Employment
Unemployment
6
Lincoln
2,642
Place of
Place of
7
Lancaster, SC
1,639
Work
Residence
Total
Rate
8
Rowan
1,431
1990
358,100
277,530
8,410
3.0%
9
Stanly
1,346
1989
354,130
280,570
8,319
2.7%
10
Catawba
560
1988
345,500
269,540
7,518
3.6%
Total In-Commuters
55,523
1987
334,930
261,480
8,887
3.4%
1986
312,600
244,790
9,815
4.0%
Charlotte Area Salary Survey, 1990
Job Title
Median
Non-Supervisory Employees
Monthly Salary
Bookkeeper
$1,850
Charlotte Area Wage Survey, 1990
Clerk, Accounting
1,734
Clerk, File
1,392
Job Title
Median
Computer Operator
1,880
Engineer, Entry Level
2,780
Assembler D
$6.05
Key Punch Operator
1,322
Assembler F
6.00
Switchboard Receptionist
1,351
Machine Operator
8.51
Secretary A
2,056
Electrician (Maint.) A
15.44
Secretary B
1,546
Electrician (Maint.) B
12.95
Typist
1,385
Machinist (Maint.) A
15.87
Machinist (Maint.) B
13.28
Welder, Arc
10.72
Staff and Technical Supervisors
Tool, Die or Gauge Maker A
10.96
Office Manager
$2,786
Tool, Die or Gauge Maker B
12.65
Personnel Manager
3,570
Fork Lift Operator
7.50
Engineer, Industrial
2,772
Material Handler
8.10
Engineer, Chief, Industrial
3,409
Shipping/Rec. Clerk
7.89
Maintenance Supervisor
2,650
Heavy Equipment Diesel & Gasoline Mech. (inside)
10.70
Machine Shop Supervisor
2,825
Electronic Technician A
12.72
Production Supervisor (any industry) A
2,526
Electronic Technician C
10.32
Production Supervisor (any industry) B
1,773
Electronic, Assembler A
8.88
Plant Manager
4,583
Electronic, Assembler C
6.10
Shipping & Receiving Supervisor
2,050
Total Labor Force Thousands
Total Employment Thousands
283
281
273
274
275
267
270
261
255
245
244
235
229
218
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
Total Unemployment Force Thousands
Unemployment Rate Percent
11
10
9
8
8
8
7
4.6
3.5
3.8
3.3
2.7
2.9
3.0
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
CORPORATE NEIGHBORS
Charlotte Industrial Firms
Retail Sales Billions of Dollars
Industrial Category
Number of Firms
Headquarters
Printing and Publishing
219
198
Machinery
140
109
Fabricated Metals
104
87
Chemicals and Allied Products
8.8
8.9
78
46
33
7.3
8.0
8.7
Textiles
40
7.5
Food Products
6.7
36
20
Apparel
43
37
Instruments
41
36
Rubber and Plastics
34
20
Furniture and Fixtures
19
19
Paper and Allied Products
31
16
Lumber & Wood Products
36
30
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
Electrical Machinery Equipment
26
19
Stone, Clay and Glass
30
18
Year
Total Sales
Miscellaneous
32
32
1986
$7,526,725,298
Transportation Equipment
24
15
1987
8,016,747,464
Primary Metals
18
13
1988
8,756,275,980
Petroleum
5
4
1989
8,915,710,228
1990
8,720,625,299*
Business Mix
* Reflects change in reporting auto tax
# of
Annual
Category
Firms
Employment
Payroll
1990 Retail Sales
(000)
Agriculture
212
1,652
$29,126
Apparel
$294,989,467
Mining
Automotive
14
216
5,431
1,469,664,048
Construction
Food
1,531
27,007
634,179
1,475,120,607
Furniture
Manufacturing
1,057
55,991
1,430,331
408,310,483
Gen. Merchandise
Transportation
581
43,190
1,319,009
1,979,448,117
Wholesale Trade
2,434
35,467
1,083,545
Lumber/Bldg. Mat.
919,595,195
Retail Trade
Unclassified
3,563
58,350
715,162
1,700,004,259
Finance, Insurance, RE
1,696
32,925
868,148
Services
5,240
76,847
1,415,287
Wholesale Sales, Cities with $12 billion or more in sales
Source: County Business Patterns
Rank
City
Sales (000)
Charlotte's Largest Employers 1991
1
New York, NY
$186,440,971
Employer
Number Employed
2
Houston, TX
63,645,691
3
Los Angeles, CA
53,109,496
Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools
9,400
4
Chicago, IL
32,702,141
Duke Power Company
9,000
5
Dallas, TX
31,010,980
Charlotte-Mecklenburg Hospital Authority
7,153
6
Charlotte, NC
21,127,181
USAir
6,800
7
Memphis, TN
18,447,612
State of North Carolina
4,956
8
Jacksonville, FL
14,795,978
City of Charlotte
4,922
9
Portland, OR
14,411,160
IBM Corporation
4,800
10
Pittsburgh, PA
14,132,813
First Union Corporation
4,754
NCNB Corporation
4,213
U.S. Government
3,922
Foreign Firms Represented in Charlotte
Mecklenburg County
3,670
Presbyterian Health Services Corporation
3,500
Country
1991
1990
1985
1980
1970
Southern Bell
2,800
Germany
77
68
54
41
22
U.S. Postal Service
2,400
Great Britain
37
35
25
20
9
Belk's
2,325
Japan
32
29
18
19
3
Harris-Teeter, Inc.
1,990
Switzerland
31
31
17
20
8
Lance, Inc.
1,900
Italy
17
19
5
2
0
General Tire
1,807
France
15
14
9
11
4
Central Piedmont Community College
1,800
Canada
14
16
6
11
4
Netherlands
10
11
8
9
6
Charlotte/Mecklenburg Fortune 500 Companies
Sweden
8
8
7
3
2
Total (Industrial)
212
Belgium
7
6
5
2
1
Total (Service)
149
Finland
3
2
0
0
0
Denmark
2
3
2
3
0
New & Expanded Business Activity
Spain
2
2
0
0
0
Ireland
1
1
0
0
0
Square Ft.
Investment
Israel
1
1
2
1
0
Year
#Firms
Employment
(Millions)
(Millions)
Kuwait
1
1
1
1
0
1990
413
6,789
5.3
$266.0
South Africa
1
1
1
0
0
1989
383
7,418
9.5
627.5
Taiwan
1
0
1
3
1
1988
462
6,031
5.7
440.4
Venezuela
0
1
0
0
0
1987
649
10,895
13.3
1,017.7
Australia
0
1
2
1
0
1986
621
9,412
11.9
509.1
Totals
260
249
164
147
60
TRANSPORTATION
Commercial Airport
Charlotte/Douglas International
Top 30 markets served by Charlotte/Douglas
21st largest in nation and
International Airport 1990
33rd largest in the world
TOTAL
RANK
DESTINATION
PASSENGERS
Major Airlines
7
Number of Flights Daily
484
1
New York
386,754
Direct/Nonstop Flights to
More than 150 cities
2
Atlanta
201,826
Air Freight Services
Yes
3
Chicago
139,357
Air Cargo (annually)
150.2 (mil.lbs.) enplaned
4
Philadelphia
120,669
149.4 (mil.lbs.) deplaned
5
Boston
107,310
6
Dallas/Ft. Worth
110,522
Air Passenger Enplanements Millions
7
Washington D.C.
97,893
8
Los Angeles
84,753
9
Orlando
77,745
10
Miami
73,803
11
Tampa
72,343
12
Detroit
70,664
7.7
7.8
13
Baltimore
67,890
7.2
14
Raleigh-Durham
66,722
6.5
15
Pittsburgh
55,991
6.0
16
SanFrancisco
55,772
17
Cleveland
55,334
5.3
18
Nashville
54,385
4.3
19
Ft. Lauderdale
49,567
20
Houston
54,312
21
Denver
48,253
22
St. Louis
45,698
23
Hartford
44,822
24
Minneapolis
40,442
25
New Orleans
37,011
26
Memphis
36,885
27
Norfolk
35,770
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
28
Wilmington
32,120
29
Jacksonville
31,098
30
Indianapolis
29,492
Year
Enplanements
1984
4,307,535
Highways Serving Area
1985
5,268,627
U.S. Primary
21, 29, 52, 74, 521, 601
1986
6,001,459
State Primary
16, 24, 27, 49, 51, 73, 160
1987
6,483,262
Interstate
I-85, I-77
1988
7,231,169
1989
7,658,842
Certified Motor Freight Carriers
1990
7,800,953
Total Number of Firms
200
Rail Service
On-Line Railroads
Norfolk Southern and
Charlotte International Air Passenger Traffic
CSX Transportation
Off-Line Railroads
Amtrak, Kansas City
Southern, and Louisiana
Inbound &
% Change
Outbound
Percent
From 1985
and Arkansas Railway
Geographic Area
Trains through Charlotte weekly
275
Caribbean
38,810
29
93 %
Europe
35,620
26
14
Bus Service
Canada
28,400
21
61
Central/South America
10,860
8
218
Provided by
Greyhound/Trailways
Pacific/Orient
10,020
7
43
In-City Service
yes
Charter Services
21
Mexico
8,780
6
72
Middle East/Africa
3,100
2
-9
United States
810
1
42
Delivery Services
Total
62
TOTAL
136,400
100 %
55 %
Source: U.S. Department of Transportation Data Bank, 1988
Waterways
Inland Port opened in 1984, currently handling more than 17,500
containers annually - offering shippers easy accessibility to N.C.
ports.
1990 # of entries into Charlotte 50,000
$100 mil. duties/$1.5 bil. worth of merchandise
REAL ESTATE
Construction
Value-Millions
Total Permits
Residential
Non-Residential
Total
1983
8,647
$280.7
$253.7
$534.4
1984
8,789
348.1
332.2
680.3
1985
9,748
380.6
398.8
779.4
1986
10,220
383.6
456.1
839.7
1987
11,194
402.1
391.9
794.0
1988
11,637
419.9
510.8
930.1
1989
11,314
510.5
422.0
932.5
1990
10,484
424.3
528.0
952.3
New Residential Units Permitted
Sales of Residential Units
Single Family
Multi-Family
Total
Units Sold
Average Value
Total Value
1983
3,792
3,341
7,133
1983
5,810
$72,322
$403,761,594
1984
3,714
4,400
8,114
1984
7,216
76,800
537,564,531
1985
4,141
5,305
9,446
1985
8,340
83,492
671,055,000
1986
4,436
3,017
7,453
1986
9,462
88,126
807,913,793
1987
4,597
3,652
8,249
1987
6,302
101,784
641,442,868
1988
4,597
3,139
7,736
1988
8,597
106,802
877,775,352
1989
4,622
5,139
9,761
1989
8,979
113,921
972,169,530
1990
3,873
1,962
5,835
1990
9,076
113,570
991,720,444
Total Construction Permits
Construction Value - Residential/Non-Residential Millions/Dollars
12,000
1,200
11,000
1,100
10,000
11,194
11,637
11,314
1,000
9,000
9,748
10,220
10,484
900
8,000
800
930.7
932.6
952.3
7,000
700
839.7
779.4
794.0
6,000
600
5,000
500
4,000
400
3,000
300
2,000
200
1,000
100
0
0
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
Office Space Survey By Area 9/91
No. of
Reported
Percent
Average
Area
Buildings
Total
Rentable
Available
Available
Rate/SF
Uptown
41
10,726,123
9,769,946
1,952,088
19.9
$18.87
Suburban
139
11,836,752
10,886,305
2,359,513
21.6
$13.86
Total
180
22,562,875
20,656,251
4,311,601
20.8
$16.47
Residential Units - Single/Multi-Family
Occupied Office Space Millions/Square Feet
12,000
24
11,000
22
10,000
20
9,000
9,761
18
8,000
9,446
16
7,000
8,249
7.453
7,736
14
6,000
15.4
15.9
12
5,000
12.7
13.4
13.8
5,835
10
11.8
4,000
8
3,000
6
2,000
4
1,000
2
0
0
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
REAL ESTATE
Charlotte-Mecklenburg
Historical Trends In Office Space
Percentage of Rentable Square Feet Available
Square Feet
Used
Available
Char./
Center
Rentable
Date
(Mils.)
(Mils.)
(Mils.)
Date
Meck.
City
9/83
11.1
9.1
2.0
9/83
18%
19%
9/84
12.1
9.9
2.3
9/84
19
16
9/85
13.8
11.2
2.6
9/85
19
17
9/86
15.9
12.5
3.4
9/86
22
17
9/87
16.7
13.5
3.2
9/87
19
16
9/88
17.0
13.7
3.3
9/88
20
12
10
9/89
17.4
14.4
3.0
9/89
17
9/90
20.1
15.8
4.3
9/90
21
19
9/91
20.6
16.3
4.3
9/91
20
19
FINANCE
Average Prime Rate
8 %
Commercial Finance and Factoring
72
Average Fixed Rate on Home Mortgage 30 yrs.
8 %
Leasing Corporations
47
Charlotte Banks and Holding Companies
17
(Transportation and Equipment)
Total Assets
$166.8 billion
Total Deposits
$116.8 billion
Mortgage Bankers
123
Womble Carlyle Sandridge & Rice
MORE THAN
ONE HUNDRED YEARS
AS A
FULL SERVICE
LAW FIRM
3300 One First Union Center
301 South College Street
Charlottte, NC 28202-6025
Contact: William C. Raper, Esq.
(704) 331-4900
800 Wachovia Building
Suite 1600, One Triad Park
227 Fayetteville Street Mall
200 West 2nd Street
Raleigh, NC 27601
Winston-Salem, NC 27101
Contact: Donald A. Donadio, Esq.
Contact: Murray C. Greason, Jr., Esq.
(919) 755-2100
(919) 721-3600
Commercial
Real Estate
Brokerage and
Management
CB Commercial is a team of the
most experienced professionals
in the Carolinas, supported with
the most timely and comprehensive
local market knowledge, and committed
to the highest levels of client
service and ethical standards to
enable our clients to make the
most informed real estate decisions.
ПСВ
COMMERCIAL
BROKERAGE SERVICES
MANAGEMENT SERVICES
Types of Property:
Retail
Industrial
Office
Apartments
Investments
Acreage
Client Requirements:
Tenant Advisory Services
Property Representation
Investor Representation
Real Estate Finance
CB Commercial
Property Management
Real Estate Group, Inc.
1900 Charlotte Plaza
Charlotte, NC 28244
(704) 376-7979
We help businesses
move in the
right direction.
S
091
There are many reasons why relocating your
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right direction.
thousands of miles of fiber optics already in
An abundance of energy and natural
place.
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So if you're considering relocating
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your business to North Carolina, the com-
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major markets. And a quality of life ideal for
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why it's a move in the right direction. If you'd
As great as all these advantages are,
like to find out more, contact our Economic
there's one more that's just as vital to you. A
Development State Director Herb Crenshaw
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at 919 821-6849.
to handle your present and future needs.
Southern Bell has it all here waiting for you.
The Future Awaits You In North Carolina.
Southern Bell®
A BELLSOUTH COMPANY
© 1991 South Central Bell
Moving to
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We have helped many com-
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FOUNDATIONFOR
THECAROLINAS
1991 ANNUAL REPORT
CONTENTS
Mission
1
Chairman's Review
2
President's Report
3
Foundation Committees
4
Board of Directors
5
County Community Foundations
6
Financial Information
7
Donor Information
8
Grantmaking
9
Grant Guidelines
14
Sampling of Permanent Funds
15
1991 Grants
19
Staff
23
MISSION
The mission of the Foundation is to
To Fulfill the Mission the
The Foundation encourages donors
better the communities it serves through
Foundation:
of all means and interests to make their
leadership in the advocacy and under-
charitable visions become realities.
standing of philanthropy, in service to
Provides leadership in the advocacy
Foundation assets come from gifts
donors, in its stewardship of charitable
and understanding of philanthropy
made by individuals, corporations,
assets, in the building of permanent
in our region.
private foundations and nonprofit
charitable resources and in grantmaking
organizations. These gifts meet imme-
to a wide range of community projects
Promotes the concept that "Anyone
diate needs, strengthen the community
and interests.
Can Be A Philanthropist."
and provide endowment for future
generations.
Conducts programs to create broader
The Foundation offers a unique
awareness and understanding among
expertise in gift planning, technical
key legal and financial advisors and
assistance and grantmaking. The
prospective donors who would benefit
professional staff can help donors
from Foundation services.
and their financial advisors explore the
many attractive charitable giving
Provides watchful, prudent stewardship
options such as annuities, unitrusts and
for the assets with which the Founda-
charitable lead trusts, or gifts by
tion has been entrusted.
bequests.
The Foundation also helps simplify
Expands the benefits of a county
charitable giving by administering gifts
community foundation to interested
of cash, personal property, stock, or
neighboring counties.
real estate.
The Foundation is governed by a
Builds unrestricted endowment funds
board of directors of private citizens
for both discretionary grants and
who have demonstrated outstanding
A Resource For The Community
operations.
leadership in the community and who
serve without compensation. It is their
Total Assets
$61,483,187
Provides a quality and growing grants
desire, and the Foundation's goal, to
Contributions
$6,810,501
program that can offer assistance to
serve equally well the community and
Distributions
$5,221,572
worthy charitable initiatives.
the charitable giver.
CHAIRMAN'S REVIEW
The Foundation
Foundation was the catalyst for
One of the early results of that effort is
For The Caroli-
securing more than $400,000 to
the handsome new logo you see on the
nas completed
implement a comprehensive service
materials before you. We are grateful to
another success-
plan. Through the Consortium and the
the local firm, Loeffler Ketchum
ful year as the
Foundation, grants for AIDS-related
Mountjoy, which designed the logo as
resource for
services are being distributed to local
a public service project.
philanthropy
agencies to develop and expand
During the year the Foundation
in our region.
HIV/AIDS service in the region.
continued its work in assisting agencies
In spite of a
Carolina Gives, a two year program
and organizations with endowments.
challenging
to increase giving and volunteer
Seventeen new agency endowments
economic climate, the Foundation
service, is a nine-county regional effort.
were added during 1991, bringing that
continued to grow both in assets and in
The campaign has successfully re-
total to 85. The Foundation has dem-
its grantmaking capacity during 1991.
cruited and placed over 8,000 new
onstrated that it has the resources to
Contributions of more than
volunteers. I have been impressed with
manage these endowments more
$6.8 million brought total assets under
the dedication and efforts of the
efficiently than most organizations can
management to over $61 million for
members of the various committees,
on their own.
the year, an increase of about 14%
the steering committee and the other
Where is the Foundation going from
from year-end 1990. Distributions
supporting organizations, the Junior
here? It will continue to encourage
exceeded $5 million including a record
League of Charlotte, Inc., The Volun-
philanthropy among citizens of widely
$625,497 in Special Project Grants to
teer Center of United Way of Central
varying financial means, adhering to
aid growing community needs.
Carolinas, Inc. and WCNC- TV 36.
the philosophy "Anyone Can Be A
Increasingly the Foundation, like
My sincere thanks is extended to all
Philanthropist." We will also work to
other community foundations in many
who have been involved and who
promote the development of a larger
cities in the United States, is being
share in the success of the program.
and more adequate permanent endow-
asked to adapt to the challenges of the
The Foundation also went through
ment SO that the Foundation can better
community. We find ourselves in a
its first strategic planning process,
respond to the critical issues we face.
position to expand our role in the
chaired by Crandall Bowles. The
Without this important element firmly
community. This transition has been
process, resulting in the mission
in hand, we cannot continue to meet
marked by several outstanding projects
statement and specific objectives
the needs of the community in a timely
during 1991.
described elsewhere in this report, does
manner.
The Strengthening Families Initia-
not represent a radical departure from
We will continue to be imaginative
tive broke new ground for the Founda-
the course we have followed until now.
and assume a leadership role in devel-
tion. This special project, chaired by
It did give us the opportunity to restate
oping initiatives and community re-
Bill Drew, is the first Distribution
our objectives as an organization, and
sources. To continue its service,
Committee endeavor incorporating a
the plan provides a current measurable
however, the Foundation depends on
new pro-active grantmaking philoso-
reference to help our board govern and
the support of many generous people.
phy. Foundation discretionary funds
our staff manage a dynamic, growing
The Foundation, thus, will continue
and contributions by anonymous
organization. Finally, the plan confirms
a dual role, faithfully carrying out the
donors have provided $500,000 over
the commitment to the new initiatives
wishes of its donors and also playing a
three years to assist at-risk preschool
of the Foundation as indicated by some
leadership role in addressing the cur-
children in a focused geographic area.
of the examples above.
rent problems of our community as we
The Regional HIV/AIDS Consor-
One of the strategic plan objectives
create a legacy upon which future
tium, a seven-county effort chaired by
was to develop a marketing/promotion
generations can build.
Dr. David Citron and sponsored by the
program to create broader awareness
Foundation and the United Way of
and understanding of the Foundation's
Central Carolinas, Inc., is attempting
work. To carry out that mandate, a
to deal in various ways with a serious
marketing and communications plan
Robin Hinsin
world health problem that is having a
was produced by a committee under
significant impact on our region. The
the leadership of Bill Middlemas.
Robin L. Hinson, Chairman
2
PRESIDENT'S REPORT
The year
sation and involve complex financial
far beyond our imagination.
past saw the
and estate planning. Our staff has
Several weeks ago, while visiting
Foundation
experienced increased activity in our
The Duke Endowment office, I was
continue on
work with individuals and their
impressed by a framed copy of the
a steady course
financial advisors interested in
1924 Charlotte Observer story on the
of growth in
deferred giving, and particularly with
announcement of James Buchanan
assets as well
those interested in making gifts by
Duke's gift of $40 million to create
as in community
wills.
The Duke Endowment. While Mr.
presence and
As the Foundation grows, the
Duke was a man of great vision and
capacity to make
nature of our charitable funds is
business acumen, it is not likely that
a difference in the region we serve.
evolving in a dramatic way. As
he would have imagined that his gift
While our discretionary grant
recently as 1986, two-thirds of our
today would be worth a billion dollars.
resources remain modest, we are
assets were donor advised or
In 1924, billion dollar foundations did
helping deal with some of the tough
nonpermanent funds. Today, the
not exist. I don't think it is unreason-
issues of our times. We are making a
composition of our assets has com-
able to propose that we are building
difference in our region as the con-
pletely reversed and two-thirds of our
what will be for future generations a
vener and co-sponsor, along with the
$61 million in assets are permanent
billion dollar charitable resource.
United Way, of the Regional
funds, most of which are dedicated to
HIV/AIDS Consortium. The Con-
serving regional or program fields of
sortium represents a joint effort by
interest, or to providing income to
William Spencer
leadership from seven counties to
specific organizations.
develop a coordinated, humane,
Our Foundation, even with its
effective and cost-efficient response
overall success, continues to have a
William L. Spencer, President
to the growing peril of HIV/AIDS
less than adequate general endow-
infection. The pro-active Strengthen-
ment for grantmaking. We are
ing Families Initiative is an effort to
challenged in our grantmaking to try
save lives and give the children of
to respond to requests for support
Piedmont Courts and the Belmont
that represent vision and energy, that
neighborhood hope for the future.
try to fill needs that are unmet and
It is intended for this program to serve
that attempt to improve the quality
as a model to be replicated in other
of life for people. With general
neighborhoods. Initiatives of this scale
endowment assets of $2.3 million,
are new ventures for our Foundation
our income for grants falls far short of
and are the first of what we expect to
what is needed to respond in an
evolve into a much larger and impor-
adequate way.
tant role for our organization.
I am convinced that as we build
I am encouraged by the growing
the Foundation and carry out our
number of requests coming from
stewardship for the resources with
individuals and organizations about
which we are entrusted, we must
Foundation services. Last year we
advocate in the strongest way
received 150 inquiries, of which 50
possible the long-term importance to
resulted in the creation of new funds,
our community of the Foundation's
bringing to the Foundation over
growth and success.
$2.6 million in new gifts. At the end
The legacy that has been created
of 1991 our family of funds had grown
over the past 30 years is alive and
to 515, representing a wonderfully
dynamic in the impact it is having.
diverse array of charitable interests.
The legacy we are building gift by
It is typical for many inquiries to
gift, year by year, is going to have
lead to an extended period of conver-
meaning for the future generations
3
FOUNDATION COMMITTEES
Acceptance Committee
James K. Polk
William F. Drew, Jr.
Neighborhood
Rotary Scholarship
Robin L. Hinson, Chair
Doris Uliss
James O. Funderburk
Grants
Committee
Crandall C. Bowles
William H. Grigg
Committee
Dr. Richard E. Neel,
William H. Grigg
The Cole Foundation
Deborah S. Harris
Samuel H. Smith, Jr.,
Chair
James W. Thompson
Committee
Ike Heard, Jr.
Chair
James O. Funderburk,
Robert W. Elliot, Chair
R. Powell Majors
Anne M. Alexander
Vice Chair
William Tasse
Russell Bennett
Samuel H. Smith, Jr.
Judy Allison
Sadler H. Barnhardt
Alexander Scholarship
Mrs. Robert L. Cole
Jeanne M. Brayboy
Dr. Dean W. Colvard
Committee
William L. Pender
Foundation
Dr. Jim Cooke
Hoyt R. Galvin
Lydia McNeary, Chair
Dr. Stanley J. Vetter
Endowment Committee
Franklin McCain
Warren H. Owen
Frances V. Bryant
Edwin L. Jones, Jr., Chair
David S. Mervine
Kenneth W. Poe
Dr. Chris Folk
The Cole Foundation
J. David Barnhardt
Charles Page
Guy A. Wilson
Dr. Emory Mason
Scholarship Committee
Crandall C. Bowles
William A. Simmons
O. J. Parris
Trent Strickland, Chair
Seddon Goode, Jr.
Johnnie Wallace, Jr.
Strategic Planning
Russell Bennett
William H. Grigg
Committee
Audit Committee
Jimmy Blair
F. Kenneth Iverson
Nominating
Crandall C. Bowles,
William H. Grigg, Chair
Ann Burgin
Edwin P. Latimer
Committee
Chair
John M. Belk
Dorothy Fisher
A. Zachary Smith, III
Larry J. Dagenhart,
F. Kenneth Iverson,
Crandall C. Bowles
Irene Lewis
Harry S. Swimmer
Chair
Vice Chair
Robin L. Hinson
Alice Little
Katherine M. Belk
Jeanne M. Brayboy
F. Kenneth Iverson
J. W. Mask, Jr.
Richard Goolsby
Herman Blumenthal
W.R. Cuthbertson, Jr.
Edwin L. Jones, Jr.
Lynn McCaskill
Scholarship
Frank E. Emory
Larry J. Dagenhart
C. Don Steger
Committee
James V. Johnson
William F. Drew, Jr.
James W. Thompson
Community Relations
Joe Bennett, Chair
James R. Nisbet
William Gorelick
Committee
J.W. Dominick
Elizabeth S. Randolph
William H. Grigg
Charlotte Housing
William P. Middlemas,
James O. Funderburk
Deborah S. Harris
Authority Scholarship
Chair
Kenneth K. Kilpatrick
NC League for
Robin L. Hinson
Selection Committee
Anne M. Alexander
Helen G. Lowery
Nursing Scholarship
James V. Johnson
Kitty Huffman, Chair
Roberta Bowman
Committee
James K. Polk
Judy Leonard, Vice Chair
William F. Drew, Jr.
Investment Committee
Dr. Ruby G. Barnes,
A. F. Sloan
Charles Cross
Lawrence M. Kimbrough
Charles T. Davidson,
Chair
James W. Thompson
Irving Edelman
Jim Mountjoy
Chair
Frances V. Bryant
William H. Williamson, III
Don Ellis
Elizabeth S. Randolph
John V. Andrews
Mary James
Ike Heard, Jr.
J. David Barnhardt
Dr. Ernestine Small
Treasurer's Committee
Valorie McCullough
Crowder Scholarship
Crandall C. Bowles
Crandall C. Bowles,
Jacqueline Waites Moss
Committee
Larry J. Dagenhart
Plyler Scholarship
Chair
Ann Murphy
Dr. Richard H.
Frank E. Emory
Committee
W.R. Cuthbertson, Jr.
Jeroline Woods
Hagemeyer, Chair
William Gorelick
Thomas W. Thomas,
William H. Grigg
Dr. David M. Bayer
John M. Harney
Chair
Robin L. Hinson
Charlotte-Mecklenburg
Jeanne M. Brayboy
Robin L. Hinson
Willis F. Ballard
F. Kenneth Iverson
Schools Scholarship
Patsy Sifford
F. Kenneth Iverson
James K. Davis
Harry S. Swimmer
Incentive Program
Harry S. Swimmer
Rolfe Neill
The Rev. George Battle,
Richard J. Osborne
Regional HIV/AIDS
Washburn Graphics
Jr., Chair
Davidson Community
A. Zachary Smith, III
Consortium Grants
Scholarship Fund
Dr. Chris Folk
Fund Trustees
Committee
Committee
Valorie McCullough
Robert S. Sutton, Chair
Medical Advisory
John Craig,
Frances V. Bryant, Chair
Lawrence M. Kimbrough
Committee
Chair
Franklin S. Atwater
Children's Medical
Dr. John W. Kuyendall
Dr. Lawrence K. Boggs,
Farrie Blackburn
R. Powell Majors
Committee
Chair
Tom Dillon
Raenea Siegel
Dr. O. F. Roddey, Jr.,
Distribution
J.W.Adams
Carla DuPuy
Libbie M. Webber
Chair
Committee
Herman Blumenthal
James Ferguson, II
Dr. John M. Archer, III
James S. Howell, Chair
Frances V. Bryant
Frank Lubbers
James H. Barnhardt
Jeanne M. Brayboy,
Dr. Ophelia Garmon-
Evelyn Schaffer
Robert O. Beck
Vice Chair
Brown
Dr. Jared Schwartz
Dr. W. Blair Bryan
Anne M. Alexander
Dr. James B. Greenwood, Jr.
The Very Rev. Bob Sessum
Dr. Monroe T. Gilmour
Katherine M. Belk
Billy G. McCall
Chris Wise
Deborah S. Harris
Frances V. Bryant
Dr. Joseph B. McCoy
Jere Witherspoon
Kaye McMullen
Thomas P. Dillon
Dr. Hamilton W. McKay, Jr.
Betty Worthy
4
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
1991-1992
Officers and
Executive
Committee
Robin L. Hinson
William H. Grigg
Edwin L. Jones, Jr.
Crandall C. Bowles
Chairman of the Board
First Vice Chairman
Vice Chairman
Treasurer
James W. Thompson
Charles T. Davidson
James S. Howell
John M. Belk
Larry J. Dagenhart
Secretary
Chair of the Investment
Chair of the Distribution
Member at Large
Member at Large
Committee
Committee
F. Kenneth Iverson
C. Don Steger
William L. Spencer
Marilyn M. Bradbury
Gordon Berg
Member at Large
Member at Large
President
Vice President & Assistant
President Emeritus
Secretary
Class of 1992
Class of 1993
Class of 1994
Directors Emeriti
Katherine M. Belk
Anne M. Alexander
Herman Blumenthal
Dr. Monroe T. Gilmour
Jeanne M. Brayboy
William M. Barnhardt
Dr. Lawrence K. Boggs
Edwin P. Latimer
C.C. Cameron
John M. Belk
Larry J. Dagenhart
Thomas P. Dillon
Harry M. Dalton
Charles T. Davidson
Hugh M. Durden
William F. Drew, Jr.
Frank E. Emory, Jr.
John R. Georgius
James V. Johnson
Kathleen D. Hamrick
Seddon Goode, Jr.
Rolfe Neill
Deborah S. Harris
William H. Grigg
James K. Polk
Ike Heard, Jr.
Graeme M. Keith
Elizabeth S. Randolph
William P. Middlemas
Lawrence M. Kimbrough
C. Don Steger
James R. Nisbet
A. Zachary Smith, III
William H. Williamson, III
A. F. Sloan
Harry S. Swimmer
5
COUNTY COMMUNITY
FOUNDATIONS
The Foundation For The Carolinas
The Cabarrus County
The Lancaster County
promotes the community foundation
Community Foundation
Community Foundation
concept to provide individuals from all
Lawrence M. Kimbrough, Chairman
Thomas W. Thomas, Chairman
Benjamin F. Mynatt, Vice Chairman
Elizabeth Wilson, Vice Chairman
geographic areas the opportunity to
Margaret C. West, Secretary
William C. Tindal, Secretary
develop new charitable resources for their
Michael R. Coltrane
W. H. Bridges
communities. County community
J. Roy Davis, Jr.
Charles A. Bundy
foundations provide a means to benefit
William S. Fisher
Richard Chandler
local charitable organizations and
Carolyn V. Foil
C. K. Connelly, Jr.
Robert C. Hayes
James K. Davis
enhance their ability to serve.
Joseph C. Hunter
Ray F. Faulkenberry
A county community foundation
Branson C. Jones
Robert K. Folks
operates as a component fund of the
Dr. Douglas G. Kelling, Jr.
Don T. Gardner
Foundation For The Carolinas. This
Dr. George W. Liles
Richard D. Plyler
W. Whitaker Moose
affiliation enables the county foundation
Dr. Douglas A. Rucker
The Rev. Robert L. Sessum
Donald B. Scott
to carry out its mission with a minimum
C. Steve Smith
Dr. Roy A. Still
of required reporting and overhead
Harold H. Smith
expense. It is also able to pool its invest-
Gabe S. Stewart
The Union County
ments with other funds for maximum
G. Raiford Troutman
Community Foundation
M. Slate Tuttle
investment income. The Foundation For
John V. Andrews, Chairman
Dr. Thomas H. Batchelor, Vice
The Carolinas provides management
The Cleveland County
Chairman
services, and the local community
Community Foundation
Lane Drew, Secretary
volunteers participate in distribution of
George Blanton, Jr., Chairman
J. W. Adams
funds.
Kathleen D. Hamrick, Vice Chairman
John B. Ashcraft, Jr.
The Foundation For The Carolinas is
Robert W. Yelton, Secretary-Treasurer
Thomas P. Dillon
Lloyd C. Bost
H. Clark Goodwin
proud of the relationships that have been
Maxine Forrest
Bobby H. Griffin
established with the following communi-
R. T. LeGrand, Jr.
Walter B. Love, Jr.
ties. These strong community leaders are
Jack Palmer, Jr.
Richard M. McGee
committed to increasing the charitable
Dr. Johnny Presson
resources of their communities and serve
J.L. Suttle, Jr.
The York County
Lamar L. Young
Community Foundation
as splendid examples to others.
Dr. William M. Hull, Jr., Chairman
The Iredell County
James C. Hardin, III, Secretary
Community Foundation
William M. Brice, Jr.
Ronald W. Hawkins, Chairman
Elliott S. Close
James V. Houston, Vice Chairman
Harry M. Dalton
Judge Robert A. Collier, Jr., Secretary
John F. Day
James P. Ashburn
Julian Dickerson
B. Melvin Gordon
Andy Douglas
Sara K. Haire
James F. Hall
Edith W. Holland
Alex Haefele
James V. Johnson
Wayne T. Patrick
Ann T. Kelly
Betty H. Rader
John D. King
Betty Jo Rhea
Chester P. Middlesworth
Gerald Schapiro
Barbara Orr
Harold Shapiro
Donald R. Parker
Linden Smith
Bert Walser
Howard R. Weckerley
T. Duke Williams
William W. Wilson
6
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Summarized Financial Data For Years Ended December 31
Balance Sheets
1991
1990
Assets
Cash and temporary investments
$ 8,097,163
$10,489,078
Investments
52,285,344
42,891,972
Receivables
1,057,243
471,246
Other
43,437
43,850
Total Assets
$61,483,187
$53,896,146
Liabilities
Deferred revenue
$ 829,108
$ 780,676
Grants and other payables
386,278
432,761
Total Liabilities
$ 1,215,386
$ 1,213,437
Fund Balances
Restricted
$51,553,421
$43,495,616
Unrestricted
8,714,380
9,187,093
Total Fund Balances
60,267,801
52,682,709
Total Liabilities and Fund Balances
$61,483,187
$53,896,146
Statements Of Revenues, Expenses
And Changes In Fund Balances
1991
1990
Revenues
Contributions
$ 6,810,501
$ 6,560,496
Interest, dividends and other income
3,143,481
2,942,871
Investment gains (losses)
3,884,572
(1,508,336)
Total Revenues
$13,838,554
$ 7,995,031
Expenses
Charitable distributions
$ 5,221,572
$ 5,043,755
Administrative expenses, net
792,934
729,117
Unitrust and pooled income fund payments
238,956
249,116
Total Expenses
$ 6,253,462
$ 6,021,988
Revenues over expenses*
$ 7,585,092
$ 1,973,043
Fund Balances, beginning of year
52,682,709
50,709,666
Fund Balances, end of year
$60,267,801
$52,682,709
*Before reflecting restricted fund activity.
The audited financial statements of the Foundation For The Carolinas are available for inspection at the office of the Foundation For The Carolinas,
301 South Brevard Street, Charlotte, NC 28202.
7
DONOR INFORMATION
Benefits of Giving
foundation recognized by the Internal
perpetuity income for charitable
The Foundation serves the commu-
Revenue Service as a 501(c)(3)
purposes designated by the donor. To
nity by working to increase current
charitable organization. Gifts to the
provide an adequate base for growth,
and long-term charitable resources.
Foundation receive maximum tax
an initial gift of $5,000 or more is
Gifts from generous donors help meet
advantages for income, gift and estate
recommended. Additional gifts in any
today's needs and provide for future
tax purposes.
amount may be made. Endowments
needs as the community changes. The
Distributions from all funds adminis-
may be established by a charitable
Foundation welcomes and administers
tered by the Foundation benefit other
organization, an individual, a business
gifts of all sizes and types from indi-
charities. Many funds established with
or a family. Endowments may be
viduals, corporations, foundations and
the Foundation are endowment or
donor advised.
other charitable organizations.
permanent funds. Annual income is
Donor Advised Funds: These funds
Simplicity: The Foundation helps
distributed for the designated charitable
allow the donor to be actively
simplify charitable giving for donors.
purpose in perpetuity to provide
involved in recommending the
One gift can support a specific
ongoing sources of revenue for chari-
nonprofit organizations to receive gifts
charitable interest or a broad range
table needs. Donors are acknowledged
from the fund. The Foundation has
of interests.
in all charitable disbursements unless
final discretion on distributions but
Stability: Donors can have confi-
anonymity is requested.
gives full consideration to the donor's
dence that the Foundation is perma-
recommendations. An initial gift of
nent and that the stewardship of their
$1,000 is required to establish a donor
resources will continue over time
Types of Funds
advised fund.
according to their intentions.
There are many types of funds
Trusteed Funds: Trusteed funds may
Professional Management: The
that can be established through the
offer special advantages to donors
Foundation has a long tradition of
Foundation:
such as retaining a life income while
sound professional management. It is
Unrestricted Funds: Unrestricted
receiving a current tax deduction.
experienced in handling all types of
funds do not designate a specific
The four main types of trusteed funds
gifts including more complex gifts of
charitable beneficiary but permit the
are unitrusts, annuities, pooled
securities and real estate, and can
Foundation to determine the most
income funds, and charitable lead
assist donors with a variety of estate
pressing charitable needs in the
trusts.
planning and deferred giving options.
community and fund them. Unre-
All contacts with the Foundation are
stricted funds are typically used for
confidential, and there is no obliga-
"seed grants" to new charitable pro-
Ways of Giving
tion to proceed.
grams.
Many donors contribute to the
Flexibility: The Foundation is a
Field of Interest Funds: Field of
Foundation For The Carolinas
permanent structure to receive gifts,
interest funds allow the donor to
through cash gifts, appreciated
yet it is flexible enough to meet con-
specify a general area of interest such as
property and bequests. There are
tinually changing community needs.
the arts, care of the elderly, or human
other methods of contributing that
The wishes of donors in supporting
services without designating a specific
offer donors the opportunity to tailor
specific activities or organizations
organization as beneficiary.
donations to suit tax and estate
within the community are always
Restricted Funds: Restricted funds are
planning situations.
respected. Yet, should the original
non-permanent funds which usually are
The Foundation would be pleased
purpose of the fund become obsolete
limited to specific purposes or are to be
to discuss these and additional options
or a designated beneficiary cease to
spent over a defined period of time. At
with donors. We strongly recommend
exist, the Foundation has the obliga-
the time the fund is established the
that donors consult with personal tax
tion to reevaluate and, where appro-
donor creates the restrictions as a
and estate planning advisors in
priate, redirect funds to meet current
condition of the gift, and the Founda-
making charitable gifts. The Founda-
or critical needs, while keeping the
tion makes charitable distributions
tion staff will be happy to work
donor's original intent in mind.
accordingly.
directly with advisors to develop the
Tax Benefits: The Foundation For
Endowment Funds: Endowment funds
most appropriate plan to suit chari-
The Carolinas is a public, community
are permanent funds which generate in
table objectives.
8
FOUNDATIONFOR
THECAROLINAS
A
Advocating, encouraging
LEGACY
and assisting philanthropy
UPON
by individuals
WHICH
of all means to
FUTURE
benefit their communities
GENERATIONS
both now
CAN
and for all time.
BUILD
GRANTMAKING
I 1991 the Distribution
Committee realized a long-held
dream - making more than a half
million dollars in discretionary
Special Project Grants. A total of
$625,497 was awarded, more than
double any amount previously
approved. This record was part of
$5,221,572 in total grants made
during the year and outlined in detail
on pages 19-22. The new Strengthen-
ing Families Initiative and the first
grants made on behalf of the HIV/
AIDS Consortium account for the
major increase in Special Project
Grants. Highlights of these programs
and others are given below.
Strengthening Families Initiative
Referrals for child abuse/neglect in
Mecklenburg County doubled from 1988
to 1990 to 4,445 cases.
The number of young people (20 years
and younger) arrested for murder tripled
in the last four years.
Mecklenburg's infant mortality rate is
higher than that for North Carolina,
which ranks 43rd in the nation.
Almost one of every five children in
Mecklenburg lives in poverty.
These are some of the disturbing
facts that led the Distribution Com-
mittee in 1991 to undertake its first
major pro-active grantmaking effort,
the Strengthening Families Initiative.
Over the next three years the
Foundation will award $500,000 to
assist at-risk families with preschool
children through neighborhood based
services and collaboration of service
providers. From numerous applica-
tions submitted, the Foundation
chose a proposal by three organiza-
tions to develop a continuum of
services from conception to kinder-
garten and to empower families
toward self-sufficiency.
The UPLIFT Program of the
Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools,
Seigle Avenue Preschool Cooperative
and the Johnston Memorial YMCA,
lead agency for the Success By 6 effort,
will develop the continuum for the
Piedmont Courts/Belmont neighbor-
hood near uptown Charlotte. Repre-
sentatives from the neighborhood,
which has a population of 3,350 and a
median family income of $7,542, will
also participate in the planning and
implementation of the programs.
UPLIFT will focus on providing
early child development education
and parenting training to families
from the prenatal period until a child
reaches age 3. Seigle Avenue Pre-
school will target families with 3
and 4 year-olds and offer a half-day
preschool experience and continued
parent education and involvement.
The Johnston Y/Success By 6 will
coordinate services for families not
served by the other two programs,
develop a system-level forum for
coordinating service delivery and
promote neighborhood leadership
development.
he Foundation's
$500,000 Strengthening
Families Initiative aims
to offer Somona (right)
and the 400 preschool
children in the Piedmont
Courts/Belmont neigh-
borhood hope for a
brighter future.
9
Regional HIV/AIDS Consortium
A second major effort launched by
the Foundation in 1991 was its first
grantmaking project devoted to the
development of services for persons
affected by HIV/AIDS. Currently
he House of Mercy, a
approximately 400 individuals in the
hospice-type facility in
region have been diagnosed as having
Belmont (below), received
AIDS while as many as 10,000 are
estimated to be infected with HIV,
a grant as part of $132,702
the virus that causes AIDS. Popula-
awarded in conjunction with
tions in which the epidemic is
the Regional HIV/AIDS
growing fastest are minorities, women
Consortium through a
and children.
In cooperation with the Regional
major new grant-making
HIV/AIDS Consortium, which serves
effort to develop/expand
a seven-county area, the Foundation
services for persons affected
made a total of $132,702 in grants.
by HIV/AIDS in seven
Existing agencies were encouraged to
counties: Cabarrus,
develop/expand services in accor-
dance with the Consortium's regional
Gaston, Lincoln,
plan developed by participating
Mecklenburg, Rowan,
counties: Cabarrus, Gaston, Lincoln,
Union and York (SC).
Mecklenburg, Rowan, Union and
York (SC). Grants funded included
home health care, education for
physicians and clergy, transportation
and counseling for families touched
by HIV/AIDS. More grants are
anticipated in 1992 and beyond.
A joint effort of the Foundation
and the United Way of Central
Carolinas, Inc., the Consortium in
1991 was chosen as an associate
partner of the National Community
AIDS Partnership, regional convener
for federal/state Ryan White funds
and recipient of a major grant from
the Kate B. Reynolds Health Care
Trust. Additional financial support
was obtained from regional corpora-
tions, foundations and other groups to
give a total of over $400,000 for
Consortium operations and service
grants in coming years.
Other accomplishments of the
Consortium include development of a
regional case management system,
technical assistance to individual
counties, inauguration of a regional
800 HIV/AIDS hotline and a collec-
tion of writings of persons affected by
HIV/AIDS.
10
ith his own personal
resources, Fred C.
Wikoff, Jr. (left),
established a new
scholarship fund with
the Foundation in 1991
to benefit children of
employees of Wikoff Color
Corp. An avid pilot,
Mr. Wikoff frequently
visits company locations
in 18 states and wanted
to assist his employees'
children in obtaining
an education.
Scholarships
In 1991 the Foundation also
experienced continued growth in its
scholarship program which awarded
$156,000 to 145 students through 10
different scholarship funds. The
largest of these are the Charlotte
Housing Authority Scholarship Fund
for students in public housing, the
Charlotte-Mecklenburg Scholarship
Incentive Program for at-risk public
school students and the Cole
Scholarship Program for students in
Richmond County, NC.
"
y dreams and aspirations
Other scholarship programs
include the William Tasse Alex-
are on the route to fulfill-
ander Scholarship for teachers, the
ment, thanks to you.
Crowder Scholarship for children of
Through your financial
construction workers, the Goolsby
support of my college
Scholarship for students seeking a
education, I can imple-
career in the plastics industry, the
North Carolina League for Nursing
ment my plans and one
Scholarship, the Plyer Scholarship
day aid others in pursuit
for Lancaster, SC and the Rotary
of their dreams."
Scholarship Fund.
Tanya Moore (above),
UNCC Student, Charlotte-
Mecklenburg Scholarship
Incentive Program
11
Seed Grants
international House sought
In 1991 the Foundation also con-
and received a Foundation
tinued its traditional Seed Grants, the
Neighborhood Grants Program, Medi-
grant to help fund the first
cal Research Grants and Summer
Hispanic caseworker (right)
Camperships. Twenty-one organiza-
for the Charlotte area,
tions received $80,500 in Seed Grants
which has more than 10,000
for innovative charitable projects.
Among those programs funded were:
Hispanics, many of whom
Mecklenburg County's first Hispanic
need bilingual assistance to
social worker, expansion of an in-
find jobs, housing and become
school arts program in Union County,
productive citizens.
inauguration of a leadership program
for senior citizens, a new program to
help teens in foster care bridge the gap
to independent living and a matching
fund to assist students recruit bone mar-
row donors. For information on how to
apply for Seed Grants, see page 14.
12
arents in York, Lancaster,
D
and Chester, SC who
have experienced the
death of a child (below)
can now receive services
through Kinder-Mourn,
which received a Founda-
tion grant to expand its
services in 1991.
"
he many worthwhile projects
funded with grants from the
Foundation Endowment
demonstrate the importance
of having resources to meet
changing community needs.
It is crucial that those who
care about the future help
the Foundation to grow and
provide a legacy for genera-
tions to come."
Edwin P. Latimer, (below)
Chairman of the Board 1975-1981
and Director Emeritus
seed grant to A
Child's Place (left),
A
a transitional school
for homeless children,
helped launch a Family
Advocate program to
assist families in achieving
economic, physical and
social stability.
13
GRANT GUIDELINES
Before applying for a grant, please
Program Focus
Application Deadlines
carefully review the grant guidelines
Seed Grants: Priority will be given to
Deadline dates for applications are
listed below and be certain all criteria are
"seed grants" to initiate promising
February 1, June 1, and October 1.
met. Please note that the program focus
new projects SO that such projects may
is on "seed grants" for new projects and
demonstrate their usefulness to the
Areas Generally Not Funded
that the geographic focus is on the
community. The applicant may be a
1. Capital campaigns and buildings,
Central Piedmont area of the Carolinas.
new organization or an existing
computers, vehicles and similar
Please also review the list of areas not
agency. If the agency has been in
equipment
generally funded.
existence, the proposal must fall
2. Ongoing operating budgets
The Foundation's funds for special
clearly outside the realm of possible
3. Publication of books and produc-
projects are limited. To make the most
inclusion in the regular budget.
tion of videos
effective use of available resources, the
Volunteer Involvement: Volunteer
4. Conferences and travel
Foundation will follow these guidelines in
leadership and/or grassroots participa-
5. Grants to individuals
considering grant requests.
tion in developing the program are
6. Endowment funds
required.
Grant Application Procedure
Geographic Focus
1. Grant application form should be
The Foundation serves North and
completed and signed by the Board
South Carolina. However, the
Chairman or Executive Officer of the
majority of grants will be made to
organization.
organizations in the Central Pied-
2. Attachments to the application
mont area from which the Founda-
form should include:
tion derives most of its support.
A. A cover letter of not more
than two pages. The letter should
Challenge Grants
address concisely the following points:
Priority will be given to "challenge
(1) Objectives and background of
grants" under which distributions will
the project
be authorized, provided other donors
(2) Demonstration of need for
make matching gifts.
the project
(3) Specific plans and timetable
Future Funding
of the project
The program must have potential for
(4) Description of both the
continuity through other funding
current and long-term funding plans
sources in the future.
of the organization
(5) Qualifications of the organiza-
Amount of Grants
tion and personnel concerned
Except in unusual circumstances, the
B. An overall budget for the
largest grant will be $5,000. It is
organization as well as a budget for
anticipated that the majority of grants
the specific project. The budgets
will be in smaller amounts.
should show sources of income as well
as expenditure items.
Tax Exempt Status
C. List of current Board of Direc-
Except in unusual circumstances,
tors.
grants will be made only to organiza-
D. Copy of applicant's official
tions recognized by the IRS as
notice of tax exempt status under the
501(c)(3).
Internal Revenue Code.
E. One copy of applicant's most
recent audit.
14
SAMPLING OF
Emmett W. and Elizabeth H.
Mr. and Mrs. Edward R. Fatzinger
Bringle Fund
Endowment
PERMANENT FUNDS
Established in 1989 by Southern Webbing
Established in 1983 in memory of Mr.
Mills in honor of the Bringles and in
Edward R. Fatzinger for cancer research.
recognition of their service to the company
First United Methodist Church, Austell,
and the community with broad charitable
GA, Endowment Fund
purposes.
Established in 1986 for the benefit of the
Stanford R. Brookshire Endowment Fund
First United Methodist Church in Austell,
Individual and Special
Established in 1979 for the benefit of High
GA.
Endowments
Point College, High Point, NC.
Stuart and Martha Fishburne Endowment
James M. Alexander Medical Fund
Martin Cannon Family Endowment Fund
Fund
Established in 1979 for medical programs
Established in 1978 with broad charitable
Established in 1982 as a memorial to
including medical education.
purposes.
Howard B. Higgins.
Allegro Endowment Fund
Carolina Circle Fund
Stuart P. Fishburne Memorial Fund
Established in 1991 by an anonymous
Established in 1985 under the will of a
Established in 1983 as a memorial to Stuart
donor, the Allegro Endowment has broad
resident of Winston-Salem, NC with broad
P. Fishburne.
charitable purposes.
charitable purposes.
Paul Hughston Frowein Endowment Fund
B & B Endowment Fund
Carolinas Cancer Research Fund
Established in 1989 by the First Presbyterian
Established in 1984 by Mr. and Mrs. A. S.
Established in 1985 by William H. Van
Church, Lancaster, SC to provide post-
Blankenship, Jr. with broad charitable
Every, Jr. for the purpose of medical
graduate scholarships for the ministry or
purposes.
research into the causes, detection,
church affiliated work.
Nell Barnhardt Endowment Fund
treatment and cure of cancer and for the
Anne L. Van Every and Thomas Walter
Established in 1991 in memory of Nell
purpose of educating and stimulating
Glenn, III Endowment Fund
Barnhardt.
further cancer research by physicians and
Established in 1981 with broad charitable
William H. Barnhardt Endowments
medical centers in the Carolinas.
purposes.
Established in 1986 under the will of
Central United Methodist Church,
Romola D. Hardy Endowment Funds
William H. Barnhardt, these five endow-
Shelby, NC, Endowment Fund
The first endowment was established in
ments benefit charitable programs of special
Established in 1986 for the benefit of
1981 for community projects of Charlotte
interest to Mr. Barnhardt. Four of the
Central United Methodist Church in
Rotary Club #256. A gift is made annually
endowments provide annual income to
Shelby, NC.
in memory of Mrs. Hardy's husband, Harry
specific charitable organizations: the Boy
Children's Medical Fund
Hardy, who was a member of that club. The
Scouts of America, Mecklenburg County
Established in 1979 to assist in the medical
second endowment, established in 1990, is
Council; the YMCA of Greater Charlotte;
needs of children (age 17 and under) which
an unrestricted fund to be used for
the YMCA Blue Ridge Assembly in Black
may be beyond their families' means to meet.
grantmaking by the Foundation's Distribu-
Mountain, NC; the Billy Graham Evange-
The Cole Foundation Endowment
tion Committee.
listic Association. The fifth endowment
Established in 1989 to serve a broad range
Charles R. and Ailene S. Harris Fund
benefits a broad range of charitable
of charitable, educational, religious, literary
Established in 1977 as an unrestricted fund
purposes.
and cultural purposes primarily in the
with emphasis on: (1) Meeting the needs of
Barnhardt/Thomas Fund For
Richmond County area of NC.
underprivileged youngsters who might be
The Arts
Columbia Bible College and Seminary
assisted by scholarships to the various camps
Established in 1990 for the benefit of the
Endowment Fund
serving our community (2) Providing some
North Carolina Blumenthal Performing
Established in 1987, the fund supports the
of the equipment needs of boys clubs, youth
Arts Center at Charlotte and the Charlotte
training of missionaries for starting and
centers and camps (3) Providing one or two
Symphony.
developing new churches among unreached
annual scholarship grants to aid students of
George Baxter Endowment Fund
peoples.
the Engineering College of the University of
Established in 1981 with broad charitable
Crosland Family Fund
North Carolina at Charlotte (4) Giving
purposes.
Established in 1980 with broad charitable
help and education in appropriate ways to
Bechtler Arts Endowment Fund
purposes.
unwed mothers and assisting in education to
Established in 1981 by Andreas H. Bechtler
Anne and Don Davidson Endowment
prevent this social problem.
to provide support to major arts programs in
Fund
Barbara T. Hautau Endowment Fund
the Charlotte area.
Established in 1985 by Anne and Don
Established in 1989 as an unrestricted fund
Belmont Area Endowment for the
Davidson for the benefit of the First
in honor of Barbara Hautau for 15 years of
Homeless and Hungry
Presbyterian Church of Charlotte. In par-
service to the Foundation as its vice
Established in 1991 by an anonymous
ticular the fund will benefit the church's
president.
donor to benefit charitable efforts in
urban ministry and support in other ways
Judge D. E. and Mattie J. Henderson
Belmont, NC.
the existence of a Christian theological and
Endowment Fund
Gordon Berg Endowment Fund
ethical conscience within the heart of
Established in memory of Judge D. E. and
Established in 1977 by Charles R. and
Charlotte.
Mattie J. Henderson for the purpose of
Ailene S. Harris. Unrestricted, with
Durwood Medical Clinic Endowment
providing aid and assistance to abused
emphasis on: (1) the voluntary system of
Fund
women and children of the Charlotte-
social work generally (2) the field of child
Established in 1979 for the field of medi-
Mecklenburg area.
welfare and protective services (3) social
cine with particular emphasis on: (1)
Lethia Jones Henderson Endowment Fund
planning for the community as a whole.
Financial aid to students in their education
Established in 1981 by the transfer to the
MaTy Lou Bleau Endowment Fund
at schools of medicine (2) Medical projects
Foundation of the trust created by the will
Established in 1988 with broad charitable
or research in the Charlotte community (3)
of Lethia Jones Henderson. This is an
purposes.
Other medically related activities.
unrestricted fund in the field of health and
15
community service with emphasis on service
Col. Erickson S. Nichols and
Boys Home of York County
to minority groups.
Madeline Hechenbleikner Nichols
Endowment Fund
Don S. Holt Memorial
Endowment Fund
Established in 1991 for the benefit of Boys
Endowment Fund
Established in 1983 in memory of Madeline
Home of York County, SC.
Established in 1982 in memory of Don S.
Hechenbleikner Nichols for cancer research.
Charlotte Choral Society Endowment Fund
Holt for the purpose of education and
North State Telephone Company
Established in 1980 for the benefit of the
research in the renal field.
Endowment
Charlotte Choral Society.
E.F. Hutton Fund
Established in 1990 with broad charitable
Charlotte Community Day Care Fund
Established in 1979 to be used for crippled
purposes.
Established in 1987 by a gift from an
children (under 18) of North Carolina in
Wilton L. and Mary W. Parr Foundation
anonymous donor to build and endow the
need of braces, corrective shoes, wheelchairs
Established in 1991 with broad charitable
YWCA Uptown Child Development
and other orthopedic appliances.
purposes.
Center.
Imago Mundi Endowment Fund
Andy Pitts Memorial Fund
Charlotte Council on Alcoholism and
Established in 1990 for research in the field
Established in 1985 in memory of Noah A.
Chemical Dependency
of the comparative history of science.
"Andy" Pitts with broad charitable purposes.
Established in 1978 for the benefit of the
Annabel Lambeth Jones Endowment Funds
Bob and Wilma Shaw Endowment Fund
Charlotte Council on Alcoholism and
Established in 1980, these two memorial
Established in 1978 with broad charitable
Chemical Dependency.
funds honor Annabel Lambeth Jones. The
purposes.
Charlotte Country Day School Endowment
first fund is for the benefit of Brevard College
Paul and Eve Stewart Fund
Fund
(the Annabel Lambeth Jones Dormitory)
Established in 1981 with broad charitable
Established in 1979 for the benefit of
and the Western North Carolina Confer-
purposes.
Charlotte Country Day School with one-half
ence of the United Methodist Church for
Teledyne Allvac Endowment Fund
of the net income to be used for scholarships
the Ministers' Pension Fund. The second
Established in 1988 for broad charitable
and one-half for unrestricted use.
fund is for merit scholarships in Mrs. Jones'
purposes in the Union County, NC area.
Charlotte Museum of History and
name at Queens College and Brevard
Capt. Salem A. Van Every, Jr.
Hezekiah Alexander Homesite Endowment
College. In addition, the fund provides for a
Endowment Fund
Established in 1990 for the benefit of the
sculpture to be on permanent display at the
Established in 1983 with broad charitable
Hezekiah Alexander Foundation.
Mint Museum.
purposes.
Charlotte-Mecklenburg Public Schools
Gail Elaine King Endowment Fund
S. Lance Van Every Endowment Fund
Endowment Fund
Established in 1985 in memory of Gail
Established in 1981 with broad charitable
Established in 1985 for the benefit of the
Elaine King to benefit young people by
purposes.
Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
providing: (1) scholarships at either, or both,
Charles R. Willard, Jr. Lecture
and the public schools under its jurisdiction.
the secondary school or collegiate levels (2)
Series Fund
Charlotte Speech and Hearing Center
matching or challenge gifts for capital
Established in 1978 by Mr. and Mrs. Charles
Endowment Fund
improvements or portions of new building
R. Willard in memory of their son. The fund
Established in 1980 for the benefit of the
funding for educational, religious or
is used for the Charles R. Willard, Jr.
Charlotte Speech and Hearing Center.
humanitarian institutions, and (3) operating
Lecture Series at the First Presbyterian
Charlotte Symphony Endowment Fund
funds or capital items of charitable, humani-
Church, Charlotte, NC.
Established in 1978 for the benefit of the
tarian, or research-oriented organizations on
Emery Wister Endowment Fund
Charlotte Symphony Orchestra.
a "special need" basis.
Established in 1983 in memory of Viola F.
Child Care Resources Endowment Fund
Knight Foundation Endowment
Wister and Dorothy M. Wister for the
Established in 1984 for the benefit of Child
Established in 1988 by the Knight Founda-
purposes of cancer research, treatment and
Care Resources. The first gift to the fund was
tion of Miami, FL for charitable purposes in
the comfort of cancer patients.
in memory of Captain Steven F. Locke.
the Carolinas.
Worldteam Endowment Fund
Children's Home Society Endowment
James J. and Dorothy F. McCarthy
Established in 1987 for the benefit of
Fund
Endowment Fund
Worldteam to promote missionary outreach
Established in 1978 for the benefit of the
Established in 1990 with broad charitable
of churches in the U.S.
Children's Home Society in Mecklenburg
purposes by Swimmer Insurance Agency to
County.
honor their service to the company.
Organizational Endowments
Community Health Services Endowment
McMahon Memorial Fund
American Red Cross, Greater Carolinas
Fund
Established in 1965 as an unrestricted fund
Chapter Endowment Fund
Established in 1979 for the benefit of the
through the will of Mrs. Philip McMahon.
Established in 1985 for the benefit of the
Community Health Services.
During her lifetime Mrs. McMahon was
American Red Cross, Greater Carolinas
Katherine B. Couch Endowment for The
interested in beautification projects,
Chapter.
Oratorio Singers of Charlotte
women's rights and social welfare. The
Arthritis Patient Services Endowment
Established in 1984 by Miss Couch for the
Foundation follows Mrs. McMahon's
Fund
benefit of The Oratorio Singers of Charlotte.
interests in the use of this fund.
Established in 1980 for arthritis education,
Council for Children Endowment Fund
William F. Mulliss Endowment Fund
research and patient support activities.
Established in 1982 for the benefit of the
Established in 1987 by the will of William F.
Arts Endowment Fund
Council for Children.
Mulliss, who was the third president of the
Established in 1975 for the benefit of the
Crisis Assistance Ministry Endowment
Foundation. The purpose of the fund is to
Arts and Science Council to honor J.
Fund
assist with the medical needs of children.
Walter Barr, one of the founders and the
Established in 1981 for the benefit of the
Myers Endowment Fund
first president of the Arts Council.
Crisis Assistance Ministry.
Established in 1991 by Brevard S. and
Bethlehem Center Endowment Fund
Davidson Community Fund
Beatrice W. Myers with broad charitable
Established in 1990 to celebrate the 50th
Established in 1979 for charitable needs in
purposes.
Anniversary of Bethlehem Center.
Davidson, NC.
16
Diabetes Fund of the Community Health
Iredell-Statesville Public Schools
Established in 1977 for the benefit of
Services Endowment Fund
Endowment Fund
Opera Carolina.
Established in 1979 for the benefit of
Established in 1991 by Chester and Maxine
Parkinson Association of Mecklenburg
Community Health Services to be used in
Middlesworth for the benefit of the Iredell-
County Endowment Fund
diabetes education, research and patient
Statesville Public Schools. Additional gifts
Established in 1985 for the benefit of the
support activities.
from the public are encouraged.
Parkinson Association of Mecklenburg
Elon Homes for Children, Kennedy
Kinder-Mourn Endowment Fund
County, a division of Community Health
Campus Endowment Fund
Established in 1990 for the benefit of
Services.
Established in 1982 for the benefit of Elon
Kinder-Mourn, which provides counseling
Planned Parenthood of the Southern
Homes for Children, Kennedy Campus in
and support services to parents who have
Piedmont and Carolina Mountains
Charlotte.
lost a child.
Endowment Fund
Florence Crittenton Services Endowment
Lancaster County, SC Library Endowment
Established in 1985 with the initial gift being
Fund
Fund
made by the Blumenthal Foundation.
Established in 1979 for the benefit of
Established in 1988 to benefit the Lancaster
Richmond County Hospice
Florence Crittenton Services.
County, SC public library.
Established in 1990 for the benefit of
Foundation Endowment Fund
Life Enrichment Center Endowment
Richmond County Hospice.
Established in 1979 to assist with operations
Fund
Rotary Club of Statesville Endowment
and grantmaking of the Foundation For The
Established in 1987 to benefit the Life
Fund
Carolinas.
Enrichment Center, an adult day care
Established in 1991 for charitable projects of
Friendship Trays Endowment Fund
service in Shelby, NC.
the Rotary Club in Statesville, NC.
Established in 1980 for the benefit of
Sam and Carolyn McMahon, Jr. Fund for
St. Mark's Center Endowment Fund
Friendship Trays, a meals-on-wheels program
Community School of the Arts
Established in 1984 for the benefit of St.
for the elderly and homebound.
Endowment
Mark's Center, which provides services to
Hoyt Galvin/Friends of the Library Trust
Established in 1988 to benefit the Commu-
mentally retarded children and adults.
Established in 1980 for the benefit of the
nity School of the Arts in Charlotte, NC.
Salvation Army Endowment Fund
Public Library of Charlotte and Mecklenburg
Mecklenburg County Council, Boy Scouts
Established in 1989 for the benefit of
County to provide funds for special library
of America, Endowment Fund
Salvation Army programs in the greater
acquisitions, activities, or scholarships for
Established in 1982 for the benefit of the
Charlotte area.
which budgeted funds are not available.
Mecklenburg County Council, Boy Scouts
Science Museums of Charlotte Endowment
Good Fellows Endowment Fund
of America. The first gift to the fund was
Fund
Established in 1979 for the benefit of the
made in memory of R. Michael Beck and
Established in 1979 for the benefit of the
Good Fellows Club, which provides financial
Lori Pfann.
Science Museums of Charlotte.
assistance to residents of Mecklenburg
Mecklenburg 4-H Endowment Fund
Shepherd's Center of Charlotte
County in need.
Established in 1979 for the benefit of the
Endowment Fund
Mrs. A. J. Hagood Endowment Fund for
Mecklenburg County 4-H.
Established in 1987 for the benefit of
the Bethlehem Center
Metrolina Association for the Blind
Shepherd's Center, which provides educa-
Established in memory of Mrs. A. J. Hagood
Endowment Fund
tional opportunities and services to senior
for the benefit of the Bethlehem Center.
Established in 1980 for the benefit of the
citizens.
Julie Hargrave Library Fund
Metrolina Association for the Blind.
Spirit Square Scholars
Established in 1986 in memory of Julie
Mint Museum of Art Endowment Fund
Established in 1986 to provide a summer
Hargrave for the benefit of the Montclaire
Established in 1977 as a permanent fund for
program in the visual arts for talented
Elementary School library in Charlotte, NC.
the benefit of the Mint Museum of Art.
students in the Charlotte-Mecklenburg
Highlands of Roan Endowment Fund
Dorothy L. Moline Endowment Fund
School System.
Established in 1988 by the Southern
Established in 1981 in memory of Dorothy
Teresa S. and Laura H. Thomas Fund
Appalachian Highlands Conservancy to
L. Moline for the benefit of the National
Established in 1981 for the benefit of the
help preserve the wilderness area around
Kidney Foundation of North Carolina,
Science Museums of Charlotte. The two
Roan Mountain on the North Carolina/
Mecklenburg Chapter.
sisters established this fund in memory of
Tennessee border.
Margaret Parker Moss Fund
their aunts, Alice H. Wickersham and Alice
Hornets' Nest Girl Scout Council
Established in 1986 in memory of Margaret
F. Hogans.
Endowment Fund
Parker Moss for the benefit of special
Union County Community Arts Council
Established in 1984 for the benefit of the
programs of the Education Department of
Established in 1990 for the benefit of Union
Hornets' Nest Girl Scout Council.
the Mint Museum of Art.
County Community Arts Council.
Hospice at Charlotte Endowment Fund
Nevins Center Endowment Fund
United Way of Central Carolinas
Established in 1983 for the benefit of
Established in 1983 for the benefit of the
Endowment Fund
Hospice at Charlotte.
Nevins Center, which serves mentally
Established in 1975 for the benefit of United
Hospice of Cleveland County Endowment
retarded and physically handicapped adults.
Way of Central Carolinas.
Fund
North Carolina School of the Arts
United Way of Cleveland County Fund
Established in 1987 to benefit Hospice of
Endowment Fund
Established in 1985 for the benefit of United
Cleveland County.
Established in 1981 for the benefit of the
Way of Cleveland County.
Hospice of Union County Endowment
North Carolina School of the Arts.
Wing Haven Foundation Endowment Fund
Fund
North Mecklenburg Child Development
Established in 1980 for the benefit of the
Established in 1990 for the benefit of
Association Endowment Fund
Wing Haven Foundation, which operates a
Hospice of Union County.
Established in 1976 for the benefit of the
bird and garden sanctuary in Charlotte.
International House Endowment Fund
North Mecklenburg Child Development
Billy Wireman Professorship Endowment
Established in 1984 for the benefit of
Association in Davidson, NC.
for Queens College
International House.
Opera Carolina Endowment Fund
Established in 1988 in honor of Billy
17
Wireman, president of Queens College.
patent agent or attorney.
awards scholarships to undergraduate
Augusta Wray Fund of the Community
Charlotte Housing Authority Scholarship
students studying law enforcement at CPCC
Health Services Endowment Fund
Fund
and UNCC.
Established in 1980, this fund benefits
Established in 1983 to provide scholarships
North Carolina League for Nursing
Community Health Services for the
to residents of Charlotte public housing
Academic Scholarship Fund
purposes outlined in the will of Augusta M.
who wish to continue their education
Established in 1989 to offer graduate
Wray.
beyond the secondary level.
scholarships in nursing and related fields.
WTVI Public Television Endowment
Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools Scholar-
Mary Lynn Phillips Dance Scholarship
Fund
ship Incentive Fund
Fund at Spirit Square
Established in 1985 for the benefit of WTVI.
Established in 1988 by a $1 million
Established in 1983 in memory of Mary
YMCA Endowment Fund
anonymous gift to provide an incentive for
Lynn Phillips to provide instructional
Established in 1980 for the benefit of the
disadvantaged, at-risk students to graduate
scholarships to students of dance at Spirit
Young Men's Christian Association of
and pursue further education.
Square Arts Center on the basis of need and
Greater Charlotte.
Lula Faye Clegg Memorial Scholarship
talent.
York County Hospice
Fund
Henry DeWitt Plyler Scholarship Fund
Established in 1991 for the benefit of York
Established in 1990 in honor of Lula Faye
Established in 1989 to provide undergradu-
County (SC) Hospice.
Clegg, a teacher in the Charlotte-
ate scholarships to Winthrop College for
Youth Homes Endowment Fund
Mecklenburg Schools for more than 40
students from Lancaster County, SC.
Established in 1982 for the benefit of Youth
years, by her former students. The fund
Amy E. Ray Memorial Scholarship Fund
Homes, which provides residential and
provides scholarships in teaching at the
Established in 1989 to provide an annual
other services to older youth with emotional
University of North Carolina at Charlotte.
scholarship to a senior band student at
or behavioral problems.
Cole Scholarship Program
Southpoint High School in Belmont, NC.
YWCA Endowment Fund
Established in 1989 to increase the number
Rotary Scholarship Fund
Established in 1983 for the benefit of the
of Richmond County, NC high school
Formerly a loan program placed with the
Young Women's Christian Association of
graduates who pursue post-secondary
Foundation in 1979 by the Charlotte Rotary
Charlotte.
education.
Club, this fund was converted to a scholar-
Crowder Scholarship Fund
ship fund in 1987. The purpose of the fund
Scholarship Funds
Established in 1986 by O.P. Crowder and
is to provide scholarships for graduates of
Nancy (Nan) M. Abell Scholarship Fund
W. T. Crowder, Sr. to provide college
Central Piedmont Community College who
Established in 1991 to honor Nan Abell, a
scholarships to children of employees of
wish to obtain a bachelor's degree. Scholar-
teacher in the Charlotte-Mecklenburg
construction companies located in
ships are awarded on the basis of merit,
School System for 45 years, by one of her
Mecklenburg County, with preference
financial need and community service.
former students, H. R. McCrorie. The fund
being given to children of employees of the
Wade H. Stroud, Jr./Charlotte-
provides an annual scholarship to a senior at
Crowder Construction Company.
Mecklenburg Fraternal Order of Police
Garinger High School.
E. R. and Lillian B. Dimmette Scholarship
Scholarship Fund
Herb Adrian Memorial Scholarship Fund
Fund
Established in 1990 in memory of Charlotte
Established in 1990 in memory of Herb
Established in 1990 to provide college
Police Captain Wade H. Stroud, Jr. to
Adrian by the Charlotte Apartment
scholarships to students from Mecklenburg,
provide scholarships in law enforcement at
Association for scholarships in the multi-
Rowan and Wilkes counties.
the University of North Carolina at
family housing field.
Richard Goolsby Scholarship Fund
Charlotte.
William Tasse Alexander Scholarship
Established in 1987 by William and Martha
Louise Thomas Scholarship Fund
Fund
DeBrule of Forest City, NC in honor of
Established in 1986 with broad educational
Established in 1983 to provide merit
Richard Goolsby, a pioneer in the field of
purposes.
scholarships to Mecklenburg County, NC
plastics, to provide scholarships to students
Washburn Graphics Scholarship Fund
residents for undergraduate studies primarily
who have shown a career interest in the
This fund, established in 1980, provides a
in the field of education. This fund was
plastics industry.
scholarship to a graphic arts student at
established through the will of Margery
Lucille Finch Jones Presidential Scholar-
Central Piedmont Community College.
Alexander Thompson, a Charlotte-
ship Fund
Fred C. Wikoff, Jr. Scholarship Fund
Mecklenburg teacher, in memory of her
Established in 1979 for the Lucille Finch
Established in 1991 to provide scholarships
parents and grandparents, the William Tasse
Jones Presidential Scholarship Program of
to children of employees of Wikoff Color
Alexanders.
Queens College in Charlotte, NC.
Corporation.
George L. Bagby Scholarship Fund
Lucille Finch Jones Endowment Fund
Wilmore Scholarship Fund
Established in 1990 to provide scholarships
Established in 1988 to provides scholarships
Established in 1991 to provide a college
at the University of North Carolina at
for male students at Queens College.
scholarship to a student from the Wilmore
Chapel Hill.
Margaret H. Jones Scholarship Fund
Neighborhood of Charlotte.
Mr. and Mrs. James H. Black Voice of
Established in 1987 by the will of Annie
Democracy Scholarship Fund
Lois Hyland in memory of her daughter,
Established in 1987 to provide an annual
Margaret H. Jones. This endowment
scholarship to the North Carolina winner of
provides an annual college scholarship for a
the Voice of Democracy essay contest
graduating senior at Myers Park High
sponsored by the Veterans of Foreign Wars.
School.
Julian E. Carnes Scholarship Fund
Law Enforcement Memorial Scholarship
Established in 1989 to provide scholarships
Fund
to students preparing for a career in a
Established in 1987 in memory of Charlotte
technological field appropriate to meet the
Police Officer Robert L. Smith and all other
requirements of the U.S. Patent Office as a
officers slain in the line of duty. This fund
18
1991 GRANTS
Grants By Categories
Howard University, Washington, DC,
$5,400
Education
$1,626,923
Institute for Research on Interrelation of Science &
Human Services
1,578,450
Culture, Wilmington, NC,
$13,952
Religion
851,145
Johnson C. Smith University, Charlotte, NC,
$11,000
Arts
447,191
Lancaster County Library, Lancaster, SC,
$2,899
Health & Medical Research
383,527
Lees-McRae College, Banner Elk, NC,
$6,000
Senior Programs
160,377
Livingstone College, Salisbury, NC,
$13,600
Environment & Historical Preservation
118,000
Meredith College, Raleigh, NC,
$8,500
Youth Programs
40,224
Montreat-Anderson College, Montreat, NC,
$2,000
Public & Civic Programs
15,735
Museum of York County, Rock Hill, SC,
$4,000
North Carolina A & T State University,
Total Grants
$5,221,572
Greensboro, NC,
$11,079
North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC,
$10,168
North Carolina School of the Arts,
Winston-Salem, NC,
$9,227
Education
North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC,
$41,741
Appalachian State University, Boone, NC,
$2,500
North Carolina Textile Foundation, Raleigh, NC,
$2,000
Appalachian State University Foundation,
Oglethorpe University, Atlanta, GA,
$3,000
Boone, NC,
$16,000
Pfeiffer College, Misenheimer, NC,
$14,500
Barber-Scotia College, Concord, NC,
$11,800
Pope John Paul II Regional High School,
Brevard College, Brevard, NC,
$56,381
Boca Raton, FL,
$2,000
Central Piedmont Community College,
Providence Day School, Charlotte, NC,
$12,000
Charlotte, NC,
$3,339
Public Library of Charlotte-Mecklenburg,
Central Piedmont Community College Foundation,
Charlotte, NC,
$4,000
Charlotte, NC,
$2,000
Queens College, Charlotte, NC,
$211,208
Charlotte Country Day School, Charlotte, NC,
$77,690
Rándolph-Macon Woman's College, Lynchburg, VA, $100,000
Charlotte Housing Authority Scholarship Program,
Research & Educational Trust Fund -
Charlotte, NC,
$8,585
Mortgage BankersAssociation of America,
Charlotte Latin School, Charlotte, NC,
$3,700
Washington, DC,
$2,000
Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools, Charlotte, NC,
$2,500
Richmond Community College, Hamlet, NC,
$38,418
Clemson University, Clemson, SC,
$3,500
Richmond Community College Foundation,
Clemson University Foundation, Clemson, SC,
$5,000
Hamlet, NC,
$6,750
College of Charleston Foundation, Charleston, SC,
$10,100
Richmond County Schools, Hamlet, NC,
$91,000
Converse College, Spartanburg, SC,
$2,150
Richmond County Public Library System,
Davidson College, Davidson, NC,
$87,150
Rockingham, NC,
$46,743
Duke University, Durham, NC,
$9,663
Rock Hill School District Foundation, Rock Hill, SC,
$2,700
ETV Endowment of South Carolina,
Sandhills Community College, Pinehurst, NC,
$7,800
Spartanburg, SC,
$2,325
Science Museums of Charlotte, Charlotte, NC,
$10,808
East Carolina University, Greenville, SC,
$11,600
St. Andrews Presbyterian College, Laurinburg, NC,
$35,000
Educational Foundation, Chapel Hill, NC,
$8,350
Union College, Schenectady, NY,
$3,000
Elon College, Elon College, NC,
$5,000
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,
Episcopal High School, Alexandria, VA,
$11,000
Chapel Hill, NC,
$38,178
Fayetteville State University, Fayetteville, NC,
$27,900
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Florida Atlantic University Foundation,
Foundation, Chapel Hill, NC,
$253,000
Boca Raton, FL,
$3,500
University of North Carolina at Charlotte,
Georgia Tech Foundation, Atlanta, GA,
$2,500
Charlotte, NC,
$39,450
Greensboro College, Greensboro, NC,
$10,000
University of North Carolina at Charlotte Athletic
High Point College, High Point, NC,
$2,610
Foundation, Charlotte, NC,
$5,100
19
1991 GRANTS
University of North Carolina at Charlotte Foundation,
Holy Angels Nursery, Belmont, NC,
$10,000
Charlotte, NC,
$45,950
Hopespring, Charlotte, NC,
$10,000
University of North Carolina at Greensboro,
Hospice at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC,
$7,400
Greensboro, NC,
$2,200
International House, Charlotte, NC,
$6,000
University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA,
$2,700
Kennedy Campus of Elon Homes for Children,
WTVI, Charlotte, NC,
$4,720
Charlotte, NC,
$50,000
Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC,
$37,500
Kinder-Mourn, Charlotte, NC,
$3,350
Washington & Lee University, Lexington, VA,
$2,600
Loaves & Fishes, Charlotte, NC,
$2,000
Washington College, Chestertown, MD,
$5,000
Mecklenburg Council on Adolescent Pregnancy,
Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC,
$3,825
Charlotte, NC,
$4,605
Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, NC,
$2,450
Mecklenburg Community Corrections, Charlotte, NC,
$3,500
Winthrop College Foundation, Rock Hill, SC,
$2,000
Metrolina Association for the Blind, Charlotte, NC,
$2,100
Woodberry Forest School, Woodberry Forest, VA,
$4,600
National Housing Endowment, Washington, DC,
$10,000
York Technical College Foundation, Rock Hill, SC,
$10,000
Nevins Center, Charlotte, NC,
$8,882
Others (Less than $2,000 each) (72)
$48,314
North Carolina Literacy Association, Raleigh, NC,
$5,000
North Mecklenburg Child Development Association,
Total
$1,626,923
Davidson, NC,
$8,850
Planned Parenthood of the Southern Piedmont and
Carolina Mountains, Charlotte, NC,
$20,094
Human Services
REBOUND Charlotte Rehabilitation Center,
A Child's Place, Charlotte, NC,
$5,500
Charlotte, NC,
$6,250
Advocates for Children in Court, Charlotte, NC,
$15,000
Relatives, The, Charlotte, NC,
$4,700
Alexander Children's Center, Charlotte, NC,
$12,200
Richmond Christian Family Center, Rockingham, NC,
$7,500
Amethyst Foundation, Charlotte, NC,
$12,750
Richmond County Hospice, Rockingham, NC,
$40,000
Bethlehem Center, Charlotte, NC,
$4,200
Salvation Army, Charlotte, NC,
$169,019
Carolina Computer Access Center, Charlotte, NC,
$20,000
Salvation Army, Rock Hill, SC,
$20,500
Charitable Outreach Society, Charlotte, NC,
$2,000
Special Olympics, Raleigh, NC,
$2,000
Child Care Resources, Charlotte, NC,
$19,921
St. Francis Jobs Program, Charlotte, NC,
$2,200
Community Based Alternatives, Rockingham, NC,
$30,000
St. Luke's Lutheran Church Day Care, Charlotte, NC,
$5,000
Community Foundation of Greater Washington,
St. Mark's Center, Charlotte, NC,
$6,500
Washington, DC,
$25,000
United Way of Central Carolinas, Charlotte, NC,
$392,602
Council on Foundations, Washington, DC,
$3,000
United Way of Greater Greensboro, Greensboro, NC,
$3,000
County of Richmond, Rockingham, NC,
$15,167
United Way of Greater High Point, High Point, NC,
$4,500
Crisis Assistance Ministry, Charlotte, NC,
$127,493
United Way of Iredell/Statesville, Statesville, NC,
$2,000
Crossnore School, Crossnore, NC,
$30,250
United Way of Richmond County, Rockingham, NC,
$63,430
Cued Speech Center, Raleigh, NC,
$5,000
United Way of Stanly County, Albemarle, NC,
$2,670
Energy Committed to Offenders, Charlotte, NC,
$30,000
University of North Carolina at Charlotte Urban
Family Support Center, Charlotte, NC,
$27,900
Institute for Neighborhood Grants, Charlotte, NC,
$29,517
First Baptist Church Day Care, Charlotte, NC,
$20,500
University of North Carolina School of Social Work,
Florence Crittenton Services, Charlotte, NC,
$40,300
Chapel Hill, NC,
$50,000
Gethsemane Enrichment Program, Charlotte, NC,
$5,000
YMCA Blue Ridge Assembly, Black Mountain, NC,
$14,502
Good Fellows Club, Charlotte, NC,
$2,673
YMCA Charlotte, NC,
$51,007
Goodwill Industries, Charlotte, NC,
$5,000
YMCA Iredell/Statesville, Statesville, NC,
$2,500
Gospel Chapel Parson of the Hills, Hickory, NC,
$2,000
York County Hospice, Rock Hill, SC,
$2,000
Grandfather Home for Children, Banner Elk, NC,
$5,000
York Place, York, SC,
$2,000
Habitat for Humanity of Charlotte, Charlotte, NC,
$12,300
Others (less than $2000 each) (70)
$43,118
Habitat for Humanity - Richmond County,
Rockingham, NC,
$22,000
Total
$1,578,450
20
1991 GRANTS
Religion
St. John's United Methodist Church, Rock Hill, SC,
$14,500
Avondale Presbyterian Church, Charlotte, NC,
$3,500
St. Martin's Episcopal Church, Charlotte, NC,
$11,300
Billy Graham Evangelistic Association,
St. Mary's of the Hills Episcopal Church,
Minneapolis, MN,
$14,478
Blowing Rock, NC,
$2,000
Broad Street United Methodist Church,
St. Peter's Episcopal Church, Charlotte, NC,
$8,680
Statesville, NC,
$9,300
St. Peter's Episcopal Church, Greenville, SC,
$3,000
Calvary Church, Charlotte, NC,
$25,000
Tabernacle Church of Norfolk, Norfolk, VA,
$10,000
Candlewyck Baptist Church, Charlotte, NC,
$9,000
Temple Israel, Charlotte, NC,
$7,332
Central United Methodist Church, Concord, NC,
$26,000
Trinity Presbyterian Church, Charlotte, NC,
$27,200
Central United Methodist Church, Shelby, NC,
$6,473
United Methodist Foundation of Western North
Charlotte Federation of Jewish Charities,
Carolina, Charlotte, NC,
$5,000
Charlotte, NC,
$4,000
Wesley Foundation, Rock Hill, SC,
$2,000
Charlotte Jewish Federation, Charlotte, NC,
$17,609
Western NC Conference of the United Methodist
Christ Episcopal Church, Charlotte, NC,
$62,420
Church, Charlotte, NC,
$7,948
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints,
Worldteam, Coral Gables, FL,
$15,317
Charlotte, NC,
$4,000
Others (less than $2,000 each) (43)
$30,528
Columbia Bible College & Seminary, Columbia, SC,
$37,124
Cove Presbyterian Church, Covesville, VA,
$6,013
Total
$851,145
Covenant Presbyterian Church, Charlotte, NC,
$10,700
Davidson College Presbyterian Church,
Davidson, NC,
$8,300
Duke University Divinity School, Durham, NC,
$7,500
Arts
Episcopal Diocese of North Carolina, Raleigh, NC,
$7,500
Arts and Science Council, Charlotte, NC,
$55,949
First Presbyterian Church, Charlotte, NC,
$20,800
Charlotte Children's Choir, Charlotte, NC,
$2,100
First Presbyterian Church of Concord, Concord, NC,
$4,953
Charlotte Symphony Orchestra, Charlotte, NC,
$19,675
First United Methodist Church, Austell, GA,
$32,350
Children's Theatre of Charlotte, Charlotte, NC,
$5,800
First United Methodist Church, Charlotte, NC,
$4,000
Community School of the Arts, Charlotte, NC,
$4,387
Foundation of Charlotte Jewish Community,
Festival in the Park, Charlotte, NC,
$2,000
Charlotte, NC,
$3,350
Mint Museum of Art, Charlotte, NC,
$26,732
Foundry United Methodist Church, Washington, DC,
$2,225
North Carolina Blumenthal Center for the
Jewish Community Center, Charlotte, NC,
$2,240
Performing Arts, Charlotte, NC,
$290,559
Kanuga Conferences, Hendersonville, NC,
$2,500
North Carolina Dance Theatre, Charlotte, NC,
$2,000
Lausanne Committee for World Evangelism,
Opera Carolina, Charlotte, NC,
$2,802
Charlotte, NC,
$2,000
Oratorio Singers of Charlotte, Charlotte, NC,
$2,656
Ministries in Action, Coral Gables, FL,
$2,800
Queens Table Projects, Charlotte, NC,
$4,689
Myers Park Baptist Church, Charlotte, NC,
$56,600
Spirit Square, Charlotte, NC,
$13,712
Myers Park Presbyterian Church, Charlotte, NC,
$167,650
Union County Community Arts Council,
Myers Park United Methodist Church, Charlotte, NC, $32,755
Monroe, NC,
$3,000
Old Cutler Presbyterian Church, Miami, FL,
$3,400
Others (Less than $2,000 each) (17)
$11,130
Park Road Baptist Church, Charlotte, NC,
$16,000
Providence United Methodist Church, Charlotte, NC, $32,500
Total
$447,191
Sardis Presbyterian Church, Charlotte, NC,
$9,000
Selwyn Avenue Presbyterian Church, Charlotte, NC,
$6,300
St. Christopher's Episcopal Church, High Point, NC,
$4,000
St. John's Baptist Church, Charlotte, NC,
$11,000
Health & Medical Research
St. John's Episcopal Church, Charlotte, NC,
$13,500
American Red Cross, Charlotte, NC,
$25,100
St. John's House, Durham, NC,
$7,500
American Red Cross, Rock Hill, SC,
$5,500
St. John's Lutheran Church, Statesville, NC,
$10,000
Cannon Memorial Hospital, Banner Elk, NC,
$3,100
21
1991 GRANTS
Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC,
$5,000
Nation Ford Land Trust, Fort Mill, SC,
$5,000
CFIDS Association, Charlotte, NC,
$5,150
North Carolina Museum of History, Raleigh, NC,
$2,000
Charlotte-Mecklenburg Hospital Authority Foundation,
North Carolina Outward Bound School,
Charlotte, NC,
$20,906
Morganton, NC,
$12,100
Community Health Services in Mecklenburg/Union
North Carolina Zoological Society, Asheboro, NC,
$5,000
Counties, Charlotte, NC,
$51,352
Ocean Isle Museum Foundation,
Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC,
$5,292
Ocean Isle Beach, NC,
$15,500
Heineman Medical Research Center, Charlotte, NC,
$25,000
Palmetto Conservation Foundation, Columbia, SC,
$7,000
Hospice at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC,
$6,241
Sierra Club Foundation, San Francisco, CA,
$30,000
Hospice of Rowan County, Salisbury, NC,
$28,906
South Carolina Wildlife Federation, Columbia, SC,
$5,000
Hospice of York County, Rock Hill, SC,
$3,357
Southern Appalachian Highlands Conservancy,
House of Mercy, Belmont, NC,
$6,718
Johnson City, TN,
$5,000
Lineberger Cancer Research Center, Chapel Hill, NC,
$5,500
Spirit of Kitty Hawk, Raleigh, NC,
$2,000
Mecklenburg County Health Department,
Wilderness Society, Washington, DC,
$2,500
Charlotte, NC,
$10,000
Wing Haven Foundation, Charlotte, NC,
$3,900
Mercy Hospital Foundation, Charlotte, NC,
$8,650
Others (less than $2,000 each) (15)
$9,500
Metrolina AIDS Project, Charlotte, NC,
$39,024
North Carolina Memorial Hospital, Chapel Hill, NC,
$50,000
Total
$118,000
Presbyterian Hospital Foundation, Charlotte, NC,
$8,150
Rex Hospital Foundation, Raleigh, NC,
$6,000
Rowan County Health Department, Salisbury, NC,
$8,880
Youth
United Family Services, Charlotte, NC,
$15,000
Boy Scouts of America Mecklenburg County
United Way of Central Carolinas, Charlotte, NC,
$11,336
Council, Charlotte, NC,
$ 18,607
University of North Carolina at Charlotte,
YMCA Camp Thunderbird, Clover, SC,
$2,700
Charlotte, NC,
$3,600
YMCA Daytona Beach, Daytona Beach, FL,
$2,000
University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC,
$5,000
YMCA Johnston Memorial Branch,
Others (less than $2,000 each) (30)
$20,765
Charlotte, NC,
$5,000
Others (less than $2,000 each) (13)
$11,917
Total
$383,527
Total
$40,224
Senior Programs
First Assembly of God Living Center, Concord, NC,
$2,000
Public & Civic Programs
Friendship Trays, Charlotte, NC,
$32,599
Central Carolina Citizens Forum, Charlotte, NC,
$3,518
Leadership Charlotte, Charlotte, NC,
$3,000
Charlotte Chamber Foundation, Charlotte, NC,
$4,000
Methodist Home, Charlotte, NC,
$100,500
City of Burlington, Burlington, NC,
$3,000
Richmond County Council on Aging,
People For the American Way, Raleigh, NC,
$3,000
Rockingham, NC,
$9,343
Others (less than $2,000 each) (4)
$2,217
Shepherd's Center of Charlotte, Charlotte, NC,
$6,435
Others (less than $2,000 each) (8)
$6,500
Total
$15,735
Total
$160,377
Total 1991 Grants Approved
$5,221,572
Environment & Historical Preservation
Friends of Town Creek Indian Mound, Mt Gilead, NC, $2,500
Hezekiah Alexander Foundation, Charlotte, NC,
$6,000
Note: Grant figures for organizations are cumulative and may
Historic Rosedale, Charlotte, NC,
$5,000
represent more than one gift.
22
STAFF
William L. Spencer, President
Gordon Berg, President Emeritus
Stephany A. Criss, Administrative Assistant
Distributions and Grants
Marilyn M. Bradbury, Vice President
Lisa F. Eaves, Program Officer for Scholarships and Grants
Barbara L. Higgins, Program Assistant
Communications and Development
Deborah H. Barringer, Development Director
George J. Creswell, Director of Agency Endowments
Finance and Administration
Judy L. Kerns, Business Manager
Debra S. Watt, Accountant
Erin L. Puthoff, Accounting Assistant
Foster NC
Betty R. Bromley, Secretary
Karen H. Coley, Secretary
Barbara R. Couch, Receptionist
Carounds
Norter
ok
reque.
FOUNDATION FOR
THECAROLINAS
301 South Brevard Street
Charlotte, NC 28202
704-376-9541
Federal Tax ID # 56-6047886
1992 ECONOMIC ALMANAC
April 1992
Price $2.95
BUSINESS
NORTH CAROLINA
GETTING
REAL
IN THE '90s
Laying to rest myths that molded
our state's past and raising the issues that
will shape its economic future.
04
0 7447075238 7
ORIGINAL COMPOSITION
An exhilarating masterpiece. Carillon.
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APRIL 1992
BUSINESS
NORTH CAROLINA
ECONOMIC ALMANAC
DEPARTMENTS
ECONOMIC ALMANAC
18
The Dream
Machines
5
Running
In Place
38
By Suzanne Wittebort
Up Front
By Luann Nelson and
Metrolina and the Triangle
David Mildenberg
turned their visions into growth
Second cities don't want to be
other regions only dream about.
also-rans in the economic race.
9
Tar Heel Tattler
62
Money Matters
28
Three's
66
Blood, Toil,
A Crowd
Driving Ambition
Tears And Sweat
48
By David Bailey
By Jane Ruffin
Greensboro, High Point and
The Hamlet fire shows what's
Winston-Salem are trying to
wrong with economies based on
make the Triad pull together.
the low-skilled and poorly paid.
69
Expense-Account
Dining
72
People
COVER
Design by
Sharen Swintek
AN OCEANFRONT MEETING
AT THE WESTIN RESORT
BUSINESS
NORTH CAROLINA
Is CLOSER THAN YOU THINK.
Volume 12, Number 4
EDITOR AND PUBLISHER
David Kinney
MANAGING EDITOR
David Mildenberg
SENIOR EDITORS
David Bailey, Suzanne Wittebort
ASSOCIATE EDITOR
Lisa Davis
CONTRIBUTING EDITOR
Luann Nelson
PRODUCTION DIRECTOR
Moira Johnson
NEW YORK
Y
ou don't have to go far to find
DETROIT
ASSOCIATE ART DIRECTOR
CLEVELAND
PHILADELPHIA
Sharen Swintek
the best meetings destination on
CHICAGO
PITTSBURGH
GRAPHIC DESIGNER
the East Coast. With 36 flights
CINCINNATI
WASHINGTON
Linda Cable
daily into our two area airports, The
RALEIGH-DURHAM
Westin Resort, Hilton Head Island, is
ASSOCIATE PUBLISHER/
CHARLOTTE
SALES AND MARKETING
easy to reach from almost any major
ATLANTA
Glenn Benton
CHARLESTON
U.S. city.
BIRMINGHAM
SAVANNAHO HILTON HEAD
ADVERTISING SALES MANAGER
Overlooking the Atlantic Ocean,
ISLAND
Mary Marchman
The Westin Resort is one of only
REGIONAL SALES MANAGERS
2 AAA Five Diamond-rated Resorts on the East Coast. With 410 spa-
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ADVERTISING ASSISTANT
award-winning tennis and miles of glorious beach.
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Call toll-free, direct to our sales office, 1-800-999-4975,
CIRCULATION MANAGER
Monday through Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Eastern time zone or
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SALES OFFICES
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(704) 523-6987
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BUSINESS NORTH CAROLINA (ISSN 0279-4276) is
published monthly by Business North Carolina, a
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THE WESTIN RESORT
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Resorts
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BUSINESS / NORTH CAROLINA
4
UP FRONT
Time for a reality check
orth Carolina is a large and growing urban state
public policy, it built a house upon the sand.
N
of many places. By national measures we are a
The 1980s - one of the greatest periods
state of small cities and towns. And we are a
of economic expansion the state has ever
state with diverse scenic and natural riches.
experienced - did not bring balance but
We want to live in dispersed places and we
sent the scales swinging wildly. For the most
want it to stay that way. We want opportunities
part, the big cities moved far ahead while
for jobs and a better life style to be found in
the rural areas, despite repeated efforts to
many places, not just a few. We want to choose
amplify the boom into the boonies, fell
where to live, not be forced to move away in
farther behind.
search of a job or a higher paying job. And we
Now, well into the '90s with a new
want to preserve our natural riches, our agricul-
century just around the corner, we must
tural traditions and the small, more livable scale
come to grips with what has happened,
of our cities and towns.
wake up to where we have been and where
A Balanced Growth Policy for North
we're going. Our efforts to share the wealth,
Carolina: A Proposal for Public Discussion,
to spread it all around, are in their own way
June 1978
as doomed as those of the apparatchiks to
create a classless society in Eastern Europe.
Nice sentiments, which I among many,
That is not to say there was not good
maybe most, North Carolinians hold dear
reason, beyond simple political pragmatism,
and cleave to, just as we do that this is a
to try to balance growth across the state. But
place "where the weak grow strong and the
we must open our eyes to what we have
strong grow great." But as a blueprint for
done and see how to do the most good for
the most people. And to that end, we must
destroy some of our most treasured myths.
1992 ECONOMIC ALMANAC
"I hope I have a little understanding of
BUSINESS
North Carolina, but I am not sure I know
who the North Carolinians are," Jonathan
NORTH CAROLINA
Daniels wrote in Tar Heels. "Undoubtedly
they are colored folk and white folk. They
GETTING
are native in an ancient sense. Most of them
are still rural or in small almost rural towns.
REAL
There may be more energy in the Piedmont
hills than in the lowlands, and more money
IN THE '90s
in pants pockets, too. But the east in a wide
neighborliness has at least as much pleasure
if not as much profit. Poverty is not pleasant
Laying to rest myths that molded
our state's past and raising the issues that
will shape its economic future.
east or west. And east and west, though they
sometimes forget it, the rich are flung up
from the same stock which has also pro-
duced so many of the poor.
APRIL 1992
5
UP FRONT
"From Currituck to Cherokee, as our all-
strategy since the 1880s has been low wages,
inclusive orators say, the differences be-
low taxes and low environmental controls.
tween regions and people are not enough to
These were aimed at attracting Northern
destroy the similarity in them as the people
industry. That was a successful strategy for
of one place in old America where the past
100 years but the worst possible strategy for
in blood unaltered has produced a present
the global age. It's exactly a Third World
of plain, strong people out of plain, strong
strategy."
stock."
North Carolina has led the nation in
The book was published more than 50
rural non-farm employment; many of us
years ago, but that is the way so many of us
live in the country and work in nearby mills
still picture ourselves. The truth is, we are
and factories. It's a way of life we have long
no longer a rural state. The 1990 Census
cherished. But the decline of the textile
showed that more than half of us live in
industry — along with the projected ascen-
what the government classifies as urban
dancy of the service sector over manufactur-
areas. It is a change that has come quickly,
ing - casts a shadow over the viability of
perhaps too rapidly for many to grasp. In
this dispersed urbanization. Still, we
1950, only one of three Tar Heels was an
continue to spread asphalt throughout the
urban dweller.
hinterlands in hopes of luring here a plant,
"Traditionally, Carolina was rural and
there a plant, everywhere a plant plant
fragmented," notes Michael Gallis, an
Such efforts would be laudable had we
architect and fellow at UNC-Charlotte's
unlimited means, but promising every
Urban Institute. "The Southern economic
North Carolinian, no matter where he or she
TREND
The state's 25 largest cities
Change
1980
1990
from 1980
1 Charlotte
315,474
1 Charlotte
395,934
25.5%
2 Greensboro
155,642
2 Raleigh
207,951
38.4
3 Raleigh
150,255
3 Greensboro
183,521
17.9
4 Winston-Salem
131,850
4 Winston-Salem
143,485
8.8
5 Durham
101,149
5 Durham
136,611
35.1
6 High Point
63,479
6 Fayetteville
75,695
27.2
7 Fayetteville
59,507
7 High Point
69,496
9.5
8 Asheville
54,022
8 Asheville
61,607
14.0
9 Gastonia
47,333
9 Gastonia
54,732
15.6
10 Wilmington
44,000
10 Wilmington
55,530
26.2
11 Rocky Mount
41,526
11 Rocky Mount
48,997
18.0
12 Burlington
37,266
12 Greenville
44,972
25.8
13 Greenville
35,740
13 Cary
43,858
101.5
14 Wilson
34,424
14 Goldsboro
40,709
27.7
15 Chapel Hill
32,421
15 Burlington
39,498
6.0
16 Goldsboro
31,871
16 Chapel Hill
38,719
19.4
17 Kannapolis
30,303
17 Wilson
36,930
7.3
18 Kinston
25,234
18 Jacksonville
30,013
64.4
19 Salisbury
22,677
19 Kannapolis
29,696
(2.0)
20 Cary
21,763
20 Hickory
28,301
36.3
21 Hickory
20,757
21 Concord
27,347
61.4
22 Statesville*
18,622
22 Kinston
25,295
0.2
23 Jacksonville
18,259
23 Salisbury
23,087
1.8
24 Lumberton
18,241
24 Havelock
20,268
14.4
25 Havelock
17,718
25 Lumberton
18,601
2.0
* Statesville's 1990 population was 17,567, 5.7% less than 1980.
BUSINESS/ NORTH CAROLINA
6
UPFRONT
TREND
The rise of the city-state
Metrolina
Triangle
Triad
Second Tier
lives, a four-lane, limited-access highway
three major cities of the Triad continue to
within hollering distance carries a high
eye their neighbors warily, still uncomfort-
price: We can't do that and build the roads
able that their fortunes are bound together.
needed for workers to commute where the
Then there are what we call the second tier,
jobs are and will be- in and around the
each seeking to find and to exploit an
cities.
independent identity.
"We need to concentrate our resources,"
And what about the rest? What does the
Gallis notes. "We are making many deci-
reality of the 1990s and beyond hold for
sions on a political basis that don't contrib-
them? Does this new world order within our
ute to the development of the area. For
state consign North Carolina outside the
example, the State Transportation Improve-
realm of the city-states to a fate similar to
ment Program gives the same amount —
the west of Ireland?
$500,000 - to the Charlotte and Raleigh/
Simply put, no. We know that in reduc-
Durham airports. The Charlotte airport is
ing things to their most common denomina-
twice as big! You have to relate investment
tors we risk generalizing too much, of
to results, not political power."
creating new myths to replace the old. Each
Throughout our history, no city has
section of our state has its strengths as well
dominated our state. None does today. But
as weaknesses. And though we cannot halt
the global age has brought with it a new
change, we can direct it to some degree. But
phenomenon, the rise of the city-state.
only if we wake up and stop dreaming
"Land-based empires are no more," Gallis
about what was, or might have been, and
says. "The new empires are economic
recognize reality for what it is.
empires, and they are the cities. The Japa-
As David Orr, senior vice president for
nese are the first strategic thinkers to realize
economic research at First Union National
this. It's not territory, but dominance of
Bank, says, "Cities and countries either rise
network."
or fall. It's like stepping on a treadmill. You
Like it or not, we are witnessing the
either keep going or you fall off. If you
metropolitanization of North Carolina, as
stopped being aggressive, you wouldn't stay
our small, traditional cities are engulfed into
on a peaceful plateau. You'd go backwards."
regional economies. Metrolina, with Char-
lotte its dominant urban core and extending
into 13 counties in two states around it, is
the most advanced. Raleigh and Durham in
the Triangle and, to a greater degree, the
David Kinney
APRIL1992
7
Charlotte is 49 miles away, the Triad
It is said that the Uwbarries are
48 miles, the Triangle 95 miles.
North America's oldest mountains.
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And to think it's just a stone's throw away.
Amidst the natural splendor of Badin Lake and the Uwharrie
National Forest, you'll find a Tom Fazio golf course, a pool, tennis courts,
homes built to the most exacting standards, and more.
All at Uwharrie Point, a year round, lake home retreat. And all just
an hour or SO from North Carolina's major cities.
All of which gives you the unique opportunity to get away from it all,
right in the middle of it all.
For more information, call 1-800-252-1005. And come to Uwharrie
Point. Think of it as a piece of heaven on earth that's right around the corner.
Uwharrie Point
The Tom Fazio golf course
Uwbarrie Point will be built with respect
will be one of the Southeast's finest.
for the region's people and environment.
TAR HEEL TATTLER
much the things we don't know that
get us in trouble. It's the things we
Lies, damned lies
know that ain't so."
and statistics
Are seers
nearsighted?
A
People just can't help betting on
the home team, and some say loy-
alty may color economic forecasting.
n economist was in the
each of the state's 100 counties.
For example, projections for
audience recently when a speaker
Interpretation of data is crucial.
North Carolina by UNC-Greensboro
dropped a statistical bombshell:
Here's one example: Graham
finance Professor Donald Jud are
Greensboro's population, he said,
County posted $9,140 in per capita
generally sunnier than those con-
grew by only 1% between 1980 and
income in 1989. That's not a lot, but
cocted by Lexington, Mass.-based
1990. That's true, sort of. "What he
in raw numbers, it's 46.1% more
DRI/McGraw Hill.
didn't tell the audience, what he
than in 1980.
The discrepancy isn't unusual,
had taken for granted," the econo-
Still, purchasing power in 1989
says Rosalind Greenstein, a senior
mist says, "was that the 1% was the
wasn't what it was in 1980. Using
economist at DRI. "We find that
average annual growth rate, not an
the Consumer Price Index to adjust
locally based economists and
absolute change" of 1990 over 1980.
for inflation, Graham's real per
institutions are often more optimis-
How many left with the impres-
capita income actually dropped
tic," she says. DRI fits each state into
sion that Greensboro is barely
over the nine years, by 2.6%. So the
a national model to ensure that the
growing, the economist wondered,
CPI has been used throughout the
sum of the parts can't grow faster
when it's growing at just about the
issue to adjust most measures of
than the whole. Though DRI is not
state average?
growth involving money.
pessimistic compared with other
That's the risk with statistics.
Sometimes interpreting data can
national forecasters, bullish Charlot-
They will always tell you some-
be as easy as indexing dollar figures
teans recently berated Greenstein for
thing, but it's not always the truth.
or comparing growth rates with the
DRI's alleged gloominess. Un-
This issue is packed with num-
actual growth. But it's not always so
daunted, she still insists that "state
bers supplied by the data center at
easy to figure out if the numbers are
models can be overly optimistic."
the N.C. Office of State Planning.
telling you what you think they are.
Counters Jud, "I don't think I
Our editors have used them to
As 19th-century humorist
have any political bias." He took the
draw an economic portrait of
Artemus Ward put it, "It ain't so
U.S. Department of Commerce
projections and factored in how
TREND
North Carolina's growth rate in
recent years began to converge with
Inner vision
the national average, after far
Projected average annual growth rates, 1990-2000
outperforming it in the '70s. Still, he
admits, "forecasting 10 years out is
Employment
Real per capita income
absolute guesswork. All the serious
problems we worried about in 1980
Metropolitan
DRI/
UNCG's
DRI/
UNCG's
Statistical Area
McGraw Hill
Jud
McGraw Hill
Jud*
inflation, oil - didn't happen."
Charlotte
1.5%
2.5%
1.0%
1.5%
Greensboro
0.9
1.8
0.8
1.5
No longer cheap,
Raleigh/Durham
1.8
2.9
1.9
1.8
still not steep
North Carolina
1.2
2.0
0.8
1.5
United States
1.2
0.9
1.1
1.2
North Carolinians have long
counted a low cost of living as an
* Figures are for 1989-2000
immutable natural resource, like the
APRIL 1992
9
TAR HEEL TATTLER
TREND
seashore and the mountains. Now,
est in McDowell County, Gastonia
however, many state residents are
and Fayetteville.
Living it up
paying just about the national
Costs in North Carolina still look
Cost-of-living composite index
average for basic living expenses.
good compared with many places.
According to the American
The cost of living here remains less
Dare County
111.4
Chamber of Commerce Researchers
Chapel Hill
106.9
than half that of New York City, the
Charlotte
100.1
Association, which indexes the cost
highest in the country.
Average
100.0
of living for 304 U.S. cities, towns
Fayetteville
99.6
Greensboro
and rural areas, Charlotteans paid a
98.9
Things look up with
Winston-Salem
98.3
smidge more than the national
the Wright stuff
Raleigh/Durham
96.4
average in third quarter 1991, while
Greenville
96.2
Hickory
95.8
residents of the Triad and Triangle
Last year - 88 years after the
Burlington
93.7
got off a little bit cheaper. The major
Wright brothers inaugurated
Marion/McDowell County
91.0
exceptions were Dare County, where
aviation in North Carolina and the
Gastonia
89.5
costs were 11.4% higher than the
world - 14.6 million passengers
New York City
213.3
U.S. mean, and Chapel Hill, which
boarded planes at North Carolina's
Washington
131.7
was about 7% higher. Among the 12
six biggest airports. That's more
Los Angeles
124.6
Miami
112.2
North Carolina locations participat-
than double the state's population
Seattle
111.9
ing, Gastonia was the place to go to
- a reflection of some mighty
save, with costs 10.5% below the
frequent fliers and of Charlotte's
100 is average of 304 reporting
national average.
and Raleigh/Durham's status as
U.S. cities and regions.
Housing was priciest in coastal
hubs for connecting flights.
Figures are for third quarter 1991.
Dare County at 38.2% above the
In absolute numbers, Charlotte
Source: American Chamber of
national average, followed by
served far and away the most
Commerce Researchers Association
Chapel Hill at 19.8%; it was cheap-
passengers, with 8.4 million board-
ings. RDU followed with 4.7 mil-
TREND
lion, Piedmont Triad with 854,500
Fight for flight
and Asheville with 261,740.
But growth trajectories for the
Index of growth in passenger boardings since 1982
airports over the decade tell an even
more interesting story. Boardings at
Airports
Charlotte, first named a hub by
500
Raleigh/Durham
Piedmont Aviation in 1979, in-
creased steadily and inexorably
Charlotte
throughout the decade, fueled by
400
Wilmington
the city's explosive growth.
Boardings grew more slowly at
Asheville
RDU until it began operating as a
Fayetteville
hub for American Airlines in 1987,
when boardings really took off, last
300
Piedmont Triad
year tripling 1986's level. Boardings
at Piedmont Triad peaked in 1985
at 1.1 million and have trailed
off since.
200
Asheville reports its slight
decline in boardings last year was
due to the Gulf war and uncertainty
over gasoline prices, which discour-
100
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
aged mountain-bound tourists.
Fayetteville, on the other hand,
BUSINESS / NORTH CAROLINA
10
TREND
Population
1980
1990
Change
1980
1990
Change
Metrolina
995,782
1,175,292
18.0%
Duplin
40,952
39,995
(2.3)%
Cabarrus
85,895
98,935
15.2
Franklin
30,055
36,414
21.2
Gaston
162,568
175,093
7.7
Gates
8,875
9,305
4.9
Iredell
82,538
92,931
12.6
Granville
34,043
38,345
12.6
Lincoln
42,372
50,319
18.8
Greene
16,117
15,384
(4.6)
Mecklenburg
404,270
511,433
26.5
Halifax
55,076
55,516
0.8
Rowan
99,186
110,605
11.5
Harnett
59,570
67,822
13.9
Stanly
48,517
51,765
6.7
Hertford
23,368
22,523
(3.6)
Union
70,436
84,211
19.6
Hoke
20,383
22,856
12.1
Hyde
5,873
5,411
(7.9)
Triangle
671,451
860,505
28.2
Jones
9,705
9,414
(3.0)
Chatham
33,415
38,759
16.0
Lenoir
59,819
57,274
(4.3)
Durham
152,235
181,835
19.4
Martin
25,948
25,078
(3.4)
Johnston
70,599
81,306
15.2
Montgomery
22,469
23,346
3.9
Lee
36,718
41,374
12.7
Moore
50,505
59,013
16.9
Orange
77,055
93,851
21.8
Northampton
22,195
20,798
(6.3)
Wake
301,429
423,380
40.5
Onslow
112,784
149,838
32.9
Pamlico
10,398
11,372
9.4
Triad
1,114,343
1,218,765
9.4
Pasquotank
28,462
31,298
10.0
Alamance
99,319
108,213
9.0
Pender
22,262
28,855
29.6
Caswell
20,705
20,693
(0.1)
Perquimans
9,486
10,447
10.1
Davidson
113,162
126,677
11.9
Person
29,164
30,180
3.5
Davie
24,599
27,859
13.3
Richmond
45,161
44,518
(1.4)
Forsyth
243,704
265,878
9.1
Robeson
101,610
105,179
3.5
Guilford
317,154
347,420
9.5
Sampson
49,687
47,297
(4.8)
Randolph
91,300
106,546
16.7
Scotland
32,273
33,754
4.6
Rockingham
83,426
86,064
3.2
Tyrrell
3,975
3,856
(3.0)
Stokes
33,086
37,223
12.5
Vance
36,748
38,892
5.8
Surry
59,449
61,704
3.8
Warren
16,232
17,265
6.4
Yadkin
28,439
30,488
7.2
Washington
14,801
13,997
(5.4)
Wayne
97,054
104,666
7.8
Second-tier
1,092,022
1,211,041
10.9
Buncombe
160,934
174,821
8.6
West
552,126
577,685
4.6
Burke
72,504
75,744
4.5
Alexander
24,999
27,544
10.2
Caldwell
67,746
70,709
4.4
Alleghany
9,587
9,590
0.0
Catawba
105,208
118,412
12.6
Ashe
22,325
22,209
(0.5)
Cumberland
247,160
274,566
11.1
Avery
14,409
14,867
3.2
Edgecombe
55,988
56,558
1.0
Cherokee
18,933
20,170
6.5
Henderson
58,580
69,285
18.3
Clay
6,619
7,155
8.1
Nash
67,153
76,677
14.2
Cleveland
83,435
84,714
1.5
New Hanover
103,471
120,284
16.3
Graham
7,217
7,196
(0.3)
Pitt
90,146
107,924
19.7
Haywood
46,495
46,942
1.0
Wilson
63,132
66,061
4.6
Jackson
25,811
26,846
4.0
Macon
20,178
23,499
16.5
East
1,454,371
1,585,349
9.0
Madison
16,827
16,953
0.8
Anson
25,649
23,474
(8.5)
McDowell
35,135
35,681
1.6
Beaufort
40,355
42,283
4.8
Mitchell
14,428
14,433
0.0
Bertie
21,024
20,388
(3.0)
Polk
12,984
14,416
11.0
Bladen
30,491
28,663
(6.0)
Rutherford
53,787
56,918
5.8
Brunswick
35,777
50,985
42.5
Swain
10,283
11,268
9.6
Camden
5,829
5,904
1.3
Transylvania
23,417
25,520
9.0
Carteret
41,092
52,556
27.9
Watauga
31,666
36,952
16.7
Chowan
12,558
13,506
7.6
Wilkes
58,657
59,393
1.3
Columbus
51,037
49,587
(2.8)
Yancey
14,934
15,419
3.3
Craven
71,043
81,613
14.9
Currituck
11,089
13,736
23.9
North Carolina 5,880,095
6,628,637
12.7
Dare
13,377
22,746
70.0
United States 226,549,448
248,709,873
9.8
APRIL 1992
11
TAR HEEL TATTLER
TREND
Employment
1980
1990
Change
1980
1990
Change
Metrolina
506,370
630,664
24.6%
Duplin
16,370
21,433
30.9%
Cabarrus
39,180
54,281
38.5
Franklin
10,860
17,865
64.5
Gaston
88,120
97,242
10.4
Gates
2,980
3,707
24.4
Iredell
37,050
50,245
35.6
Granville
14,790
19,378
31.0
Lincoln
18,050
26,470
46.7
Greene
7,700
8,575
11.4
Mecklenburg
219,140
274,268
25.2
Halifax
20,640
22,082
7.0
Rowan
45,240
57,315
26.7
Harnett
24,120
27,924
15.8
Stanly
21,440
25,736
20.0
Hertford
11,360
8,527
(24.9)
Union
38,150
45,107
18.2
Hoke
6,960
9,721
39.7
Hyde
2,830
2,008
(29.1)
Triangle
356,500
465,347
30.5
Jones
3,670
4,424
20.5
Chatham
15,050
19,175
27.4
Lenoir
27,420
27,719
1.1
Durham
83,750
100,285
19.7
Martin
11,320
10,789
(4.7)
Johnston
32,850
36,729
11.8
Montgomery
10,240
11,643
13.7
Lee
17,440
19,064
9.3
Moore
22,790
30,069
31.9
Orange
42,240
51,647
22.3
Northampton
7,710
7,128
(7.6)
Wake
165,170
238,447
44.4
Onslow
24,700
37,603
52.2
Pamlico
3,840
4,499
17.2
Triad
534,680
643,589
20.4
Pasquotank
11,560
12,569
8.7
Alamance
45,560
63,435
39.2
Pender
8,410
14,704
74.8
Caswell
7,230
9,132
26.3
Perquimans
2,920
3,871
32.6
Davidson
55,780
68,336
22.5
Person
12,590
14,491
15.1
Davie
9,880
14,161
43.3
Richmond
16,930
21,318
25.9
Forsyth
120,130
141,343
17.7
Robeson
41,410
42,642
3.0
Guilford
156,340
184,819
18.2
Sampson
22,700
22,296
(1.8)
Randolph
45,220
59,513
31.6
Scotland
13,770
14,248
3.5
Rockingham
37,480
38,337
2.3
Tyrrell
1,250
1,270
1.6
Stokes
16,310
17,908
9.8
Vance
16,100
17,360
7.8
Surry
26,730
31,060
16.2
Warren
5,410
7,430
37.3
Yadkin
14,020
15,545
10.9
Washington
6,460
5,322
(17.6)
Second-tier
Wayne
36,350
43,773
20.4
456,360
574,056
25.8
Buncombe
74,080
89,172
20.4
West
243,290
277,348
14.0
Burke
30,230
42,108
39.3
Alexander
12,750
15,610
22.4
Caldwell
30,470
36,175
18.7
Alleghany
3,720
4,799
29.0
Catawba
53,690
68,013
26.7
Ashe
8,800
10,796
22.7
Cumberland
65,320
89,383
36.8
Avery
5,520
8,515
54.3
Edgecombe
27,000
28,300
4.8
Cherokee
6,550
8,524
30.1
Henderson
24,520
33,508
36.7
Clay
2,290
2,892
26.3
Nash
32,380
35,535
9.7
Cleveland
37,130
41,500
11.8
New Hanover
44,540
62,234
39.7
Graham
3,720
1,876
(49.6)
Pitt
43,050
56,822
32.0
Haywood
17,230
20,217
17.3
Wilson
31,080
32,806
5.6
Jackson
12,570
11,939
(5.0)
East
Macon
7,740
7,180
(7.2)
574,800
670,864
16.7
Madison
18,660
15,825
(15.2)
Anson
11,760
11,523
(2.0)
McDowell
7,780
11,397
46.5
Beaufort
19,620
18,721
(4.6)
Mitchell
6,140
6,547
6.6
Bertie
8,490
8,200
(3.4)
Polk
5,180
5,614
8.4
Bladen
12,420
11,828
(4.8)
Rutherford
24,590
28,920
17.6
Brunswick
15,400
16,896
9.7
Swain
4,330
5,166
19.3
Camden
2,360
2,318
(1.8)
Transylvania
10,000
10,276
2.8
Carteret
15,170
22,176
46.2
Watauga
14,990
17,996
20.1
Chowan
4,740
5,315
12.1
Wilkes
28,090
31,028
10.5
Columbus
21,530
20,561
(4.5)
Yancey
5,510
10,731
94.8
Craven
26,230
30,774
17.3
Currituck
4,640
9,642
107.8
North Carolina
2,668,000
3,262,000
22.3
Dare
6,280
16,522
163.1
United States
99,303,000
117,914,000
18.7
BUSINESS/NORTH CAROLINA
12
experienced a surge of passengers
and livestock products, including
Declining tobacco sales get most
as troops returning from Desert
government payments, totaled $4.55
of the blame, though the golden leaf
Storm boarded planes for home.
billion in 1989, down 15.5% in real
still accounts for about 20% of farm
dollars from a decade earlier.
receipts, says Jim Knight, a market-
Not much pie
Nationally, cash receipts fell by
ing specialist for the N.C. Depart-
in the sky
more than 20%. But the main story
ment of Agriculture. "We've gone
was a momentous shift from crops
from being the Tobacco State to
The '80s was a decade of ex-
to livestock: Receipts for crops
being the third most diverse agricul-
tremes, and by some economic-
declined 36.7% over the decade,
tural state, behind only Florida and
development measures Graham
while livestock gained 15.7%.
California."
County was the state's leading loser.
While the state averaged a 22%
employment gain over 10 years, this
little mountain county bordering
Tennessee ended 1990 with half the
RISK MANAGEMENT
3,720 jobs it had in 1980.
When adjusted for inflation,
SOLUTIONS
Graham's per capita income de-
clined by nearly 3% to $9,140 during
Since 1868
the decade, and total personal
income went down by 12%.
Consider, though, that 60% of
the land is government-owned, and
much of the remaining real estate is
at an angle unsuitable for any of the
works of man dependent upon the
horizontal.
Despite the grim numbers, the
county's population held steady
from 1980 to 1990. "We're not that
bad off or starving or anything,"
says Frances Carver, executive
director of the Graham County
Chamber of Commerce.
The county has some of the
finest scenery in the world, a low
Savannah," World's First Steam Ship Leaving Savannah, Georgia, May 20, 1819.
From the Collection of Morris Newspaper Corporation
crime rate, a parachute plant, a new
blanket-making operation and a
Crossing the Atlantic in 1819, the 25 foot wide, 100 foot long, S.S.
thriving retirement population, she
Savannah, became the first steamship to cross any of the world's oceans.
says. "We have riches that no one
This 105 hour voyage secured the Savannah a place in America's
ever thinks about," Carver says.
maritime hall of fame.
Palmer & Cay/Carswell embraces the "Savannah" as a symbol of
Leaf dies on vine,
our southern heritage and a hallmark of our reputation for charting
innovative risk management solutions
farms turn to swine
for an increasing number of clients.
JA
Pigs, chickens and turkeys
OFFICES: Savannah, Atlanta, Augusta,
helped salvage what could have
Brunswick & Vidalia, GA; Charlotte, NC
and Jacksonville, FL
PALMER & CAY
been a disaster for North Carolina
CHARLOTTE OFFICE: 6100 Fairview Road,
agriculture in the '80s.
Suite 1400, Charlotte, NC 28210
CARSWELL
Farm cash receipts from all crops
PHONE: (704) 553-0419 FAX: (704) 553-2316
Established 1868
APRIL 1992
13
TAR HEEL TATTLER
TREND
The state's dominant farm
counties are now hog-heavy Duplin
Per capita income
and Sampson and poultry-rich
Union, each of which reaped more
than $230 million from crops and
Real increase
Real increase
livestock in '89.
1989
from 1980
1989
from 1980
Metrolina
The news was bleaker in Eastern
$15,851
26.9%
Duplin
$10,907
31.0
Cabarrus
15,571
24.5
Franklin
11,563
22.0
North Carolina's tobacco counties.
Gaston
15,194
26.0
Gates
12,264
23.4
Of 16 counties with cash receipts
Iredell
15,841
26.5
Granville
12,631
28.8
Lincoln
from crops exceeding $40 million,
14,397
24.2
Greene
11,090
14.8
Mecklenburg
20,040
31.1
Halifax
11,633
22.6
only one - Halifax County -
Rowan
15,011
21.9
Harnett
11,120
20.4
reported an increase from '80 to '89.
Stanly
14,221
23.9
Hertford
11,723
19.1
Union
16,535
35.8
Hoke
9,091
16.5
Hyde
12,075
23.1
Cabarrus survives
Triangle
16,817
30.6
Jones
10,816
12.2
Chatham
Cannon's blast
16,012
33.2
Lenoir
13,264
21.4
Durham
18,346
33.2
Martin
12,890
24.2
Johnston
13,201
20.8
Montgomery
11,952
21.4
When it comes to being whip-
Lee
15,021
21.0
Moore
17,306
34.6
sawed by economic change in the
Orange
18,295
39.7
Northampton
11,658
22.6
'80s, Cabarrus County has a remark-
Wake
20,025
33.4
Onslow
12,157
35.0
Pamlico
able story to tell.
Triad
12,859
19.2
15,140
23.7
Pasquotank
12,723
17.3
In 1980, Kannapolis-based
Alamance
16,576
28.6
Pender
12,820
27.2
Caswell
Cannon Mills Co. employed about
9,796
11.1
Perquimans
11,236
26.9
Davidson
14,191
18.9
23,000 people, nearly 60% of the
Person
12,028
20.2
Davie
16,770
32.6
Richmond
11,950
23.5
county's work force. By 1990, the
Forsyth
19,655
27.6
Robeson
9,769
15.2
textile manufacturer, now owned by
Guilford
19,239
29.7
Sampson
11,608
18.3
Randolph
Greensboro-based Fieldcrest Can-
14,224
20.4
Scotland
11,812
12.6
Rockingham
14,228
15.2
Tyrrell
10,460
25.1
non Inc., employed just 9,000, about
Stokes
13,642
21.2
Vance
12,205
22.7
17% of the work force. Import
Surry
14,176
24.5
Warren
11,589
24.4
Yadkin
14,042
24.4
competition and modernization
Washington
11,785
19.0
eliminated nearly a fourth of the
Second-tier
14,794
26.2
Wayne
13,089
23.9
county's manufacturing jobs during
Buncombe
15,627
26.5
West
12,258
23.4
Burke
the decade.
13,661
22.7
Alexander
13,842
28.1
Caldwell
13,688
24.7
Alleghany
11,930
21.1
But proximity to Charlotte and a
Catawba
16,210
28.1
Ashe
11,176
29.8
$295 million, 1,800-employee
Cumberland
13,576
29.4
Avery
11,325
29.8
Edgecombe
11,958
15.8
cigarette-manufacturing plant
Cherokee
10,850
26.7
Henderson
16,691
26.2
established by Philip Morris in 1983
Clay
10,832
27.7
Nash
15,900
33.5
Cleveland
14,355
24.1
kept Cabarrus in the chips. Overall
New Hanover
15,896
27.4
Graham
9,140
(2.6)
employment grew by 38.5% to
Pitt
14,824
32.2
Haywood
13,272
18.1
Wilson
14,707
20.9
about 54,000, more than double the
Jackson
12,072
28.8
East
Macon
12,096
21.8
13,159
26.9
county's 15% population growth.
Madison
Anson
11,681
10,904
22.3
"I remember back in '56 when
24.7
McDowell
Beaufort
13,161
17.2
11,635
14.4
Cannon Mills made up about 23,000
Mitchell
Bertie
11,800
11,255
14.0
30.9
Polk
Bladen
20.8
17,690
31.2
of the 35,000 people in the labor
11,041
Rutherford
Brunswick
13,275
22.2
force," says Bobby Overcash,
11,303
16.1
Swain
Camden
9,933
17.9
13,237
17.9
manager of the county Employment
Carteret
17.6
Transylvania
13,856
17.7
13,484
Security Office in Concord. "We're
Chowan
12,596
23.0
Watauga
12,118
31.1
Wilkes
Columbus
13,436
26.3
still a manufacturing county,
11,085
16.7
Craven
13,698
21.4
Yancey
11,367
37.4
although it's gone from 80% to 35%
Currituck
12,570
13.1
North Carolina
15,287
27.4
[of the work force]."
Dare
14,392
29.6
United States
17,592
18.2
Now, Philip Morris is spending
BUSINESS / NORTH CAROLINA
14
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Text telephone number for the hearing impaired, 1-800-876-6545.
TAR HEEL TATTLER
gainers
The population in metropolitan
(up to 3,000)
counties grew rapidly in the
big gainers
'80s, not so much due to
(3,000 or more)
births but to people moving in.
losers
Many of the big-city seekers
moved from rural counties.
(up to 1,000)
big losers
(1,000 or more)
TREND
Net migration
1980-1990
1980-1990
1980-1990
Metrolina
109,843
Edgecombe
(2,704)
Pamlico
727
Cabarrus
9,027
Henderson
10,064
Pasquotank
970
Gaston
2,853
Nash
5,586
Pender
5,560
Iredell
6,700
New Hanover
11,579
Perquimans
594
Lincoln
5,312
Pitt
10,943
Person
(60)
Mecklenburg
68,948
Wilson
(131)
Richmond
(2,137)
Rowan
8,028
Robeson
(5,245)
Stanly
1,348
East
28,764
Sampson
(3,891)
Union
7,627
Anson
(3,139)
Scotland
(707)
Beaufort
765
Tyrrell
(268)
Triangle
135,711
Bertie
(1,466)
Vance
401
Chatham
3,341
Bladen
(2,754)
Warren
708
Durham
19,187
Brunswick
12,709
Washington
(1,617)
Johnston
7,397
Camden
(73)
Wayne
120
Lee
2,155
Carteret
8,835
Orange
11,626
Chowan
638
West
9,296
Wake
92,005
Columbus
(4,007)
Alexander
1,115
Craven
306
Alleghany
33
Triad
51,753
Currituck
2,032
Ashe
(323)
Alamance
5,540
Dare
8,137
Avery
(141)
Caswell
(728)
Duplin
(2,408)
Cherokee
940
Davidson
7,416
Franklin
5,282
Clay
498
Davie
2,425
Gates
181
Cleveland
(2,577)
Forsyth
9,737
Granville
3,213
Graham
(330)
Guilford
13,455
Greene
(1,544)
Haywood
62
Randolph
9,675
Halifax
(2,207)
Jackson
239
Rockingham
(378)
Harnett
3,243
Macon
3,391
Stokes
2,569
Hertford
(1,961)
Madison
31
Surry
679
Hoke
320
McDowell
(752)
Yadkin
1,363
Hyde
(570)
Mitchell
(254)
Jones
(766)
Polk
1,874
Second-tier
39,649
Lenoir
(4,683)
Rutherford
1,426
Buncombe
9,702
Martin
(1,816)
Swain
542
Burke
178
Montgomery
(133)
Transylvania
1,366
Caldwell
(580)
Moore
7,199
Watauga
3,685
Catawba
7,384
Northampton
(1,959)
Wilkes
(1,631)
Cumberland
(12,372)
Onslow
10,235
Yancey
102
North Carolina
375,016
BUSINESS/ NORTH CAROLINA
16
$400 million to expand its plant and
add 600 jobs, and a general-aviation
airport with a 5,000-foot runway is
planned. Some other new industries
are coming to town, including the
French-owned Legrand electric-
switch plant, which will employ
450. Even Fieldcrest Cannon eked
out a profit during the last quarter
of 1991.
Flight of the bright
to the big cities
It wasn't a boom in babies that
boosted the biggest gainers in
population in the state between 1980
and 1990.
Wake County, for instance, grew
40%, or by nearly 122,000. After
When Other Ad
adjusting for births and deaths, the
county's net gain from outsiders
Agencies Tell You
was 92,005.
Because it doesn't count births or
Their Creative
deaths, only people who choose to
move in or out, net migration is
Department Is
often a better indicator than popula-
tion change of a county's economic
Holding Things Up,
strength.
The biggest winners over the
They Aren't Kidding.
past decade were the state's most
populous counties, Wake and
For starters, they're holding up several layers of
Mecklenburg, which had a net
agency people who don't do much pedaling. No
- migration of 68,948. Almost all the
wonder the creative output suffers.
counties in the Charlotte region,
Triangle and Triad registered gains.
Ever wonder how a first-class creative department
Many Eastern counties weren't
would perform with fewer, um helpers?
so fortunate. Robeson lost 5,245;
Quite nicely, thanks. In a business notorious for
Lenoir, 4,683; Sampson, 3,891.
top-heavy organization, efficient staffing is one way
Migration is "negatively selec-
we live up to our name.
tive," UNC-Charlotte geography
Professor Al Stuart says. The notion
So if you want to work with a less encumbered
of the young, ambitious country boy
creative team, call Nancy Johnson at
or girl heading to the big city is
919/828-7887. We don't offer a
Just
familiar for a reason - it happens
circus, but we definitely hold up
all the time. Says Stuart, "There's a
our end of the bargain.
saying among demographers: The
Facts
recipients of migration get some of
the youngest and brightest. The
Just The Facts, Inc., Advertising and Marketing
older and less-skilled stay put."
109 N. Boylan Avenue, Raleigh, NC 27603, Telephone: 919/828-7887
APRIL 1992
17
ECONOMIC ALMANAC
LIFE IN
THE BIG
LEAGUES
Charlotte and Raleigh/Durham became national players
in the '80s. Can they still make the cut in the '90s?
By Suzanne Wittebort
n 1975 Al Stuart, a lanky young geographer
'90s represent a whole new ballgame. Do
in the department of geography and earth
they have what it takes to flourish in the big
sciences at UNC-Charlotte, was absorbed in
leagues during harsher times?
co-editing a book titled North Carolina Atlas:
As they've surged forward, Charlotte
Portrait of a Changing Southern State. He
and Raleigh/Durham have established
recalls working on yellow legal pads in that
themselves as the pace setters for the state's
pre-computer age and driving to the airport
economy. Better than one in six North
himself to pick up the first copies to deliver
Carolinians now lives in the Charlotte
to local bookstores in time for Christmas. In
metropolitan region; nearly one in nine lives
the atlas that hit the shelves that December,
in the Wake, Durham and Orange three-
in the chapter on urban areas, was the
county area. Nearly a third of the state's
statement that North Carolina "has never
population increase over the decade can be
had a dominant city."
accounted for by Mecklenburg and Wake
Fast forward to early 1992. Al Stuart, still
counties alone. One out of every nine North
lanky but now maned in gray, sits at his
Carolina residents works in Mecklenburg
desk in his office, where he's working on a
County, says John Connaughton, professor
second edition of the atlas, due out next
of economics at UNCC, and one dollar of
year. A computer screen winks behind him.
every $6.50 of the state's output originates
"The decision is in. The game is over," he
there, up from one of every $8.50 a decade
says with a referee's finality. "Charlotte and
ago. "There's been a tremendous increase in
Raleigh/Durham have pre-empted the field
the impact Charlotte has on the state's
and established themselves as the pre-
economy," he concludes.
eminent urban centers in the state. That's
The figures show the exuberance of the
not going to change till we're all long gone."
'80s. Population in Charlotte's Mecklenburg
Charlotte and Raleigh/Durham did
County grew to 511,433 in 1990, a 26.5%
indeed trounce their main intrastate urban
gain over 1980's total, more than double the
rivals in the explosive '80s, outscoring them
state's rate of 12.7%. The eight-county
in population, employment and income
metropolitan area grew by a substantial
gains. The champs now compete in the
18%. According to the Charlotte Chamber,
national arena in everything from basketball
Charlotte attracted 2,719 new businesses,
to corporate relocations. But even for these
which invested $3 billion and created 37,516
paradigms of economic vigor the austere
jobs. Employment grew 25%, to 274,268.
BUSINESS / NORTH CAROLINA
18
Every city stood to gain from the state's advantages, so why have
these two regions pulled ahead? The answer lies in
luck, leadership and changing times.
YUNG SHENG TSAO
APRIL 1992
19
ECONOMIC ALMANAC
More obvious trophies of growth are
More than 30 R&D organizations opened
displayed in Charlotte's gleaming skyline,
new facilities in the park between 1980 and
which burgeoned in the '80s and is newly
1990, creating more than 17,000 jobs and
punctuated by the 60-story NationsBank
helping increase the park's total employ-
tower, a symbol of the city's new status as
ment to 34,000. Furthermore, Technology in
the country's third-largest financial center.
the Garden, a recent study by UNC-Chapel
Direct international air links to London and
Hill Associate Professors Michael Luger and
Frankfurt and the arrival of the National
Harvey Goldstein, attributed another 31,500
Basketball Association Hornets in 1988
area jobs to activity generated by the park.
further confirm Charlotteans' conviction
Though the low, pleasant buildings nestled
that theirs is a city of destiny. "There's a
in the piney woods off Interstate 40 contrast
sense of momentum and opportunity. This
sharply with Charlotte's soaring towers,
is Charlotte's time to break into the upper
RTP is indisputably "the crowning jewel of
echelon of cities," says David Orr, economist
the area," as economist Michael Walden of
and senior vice president at First Union.
N.C. State University puts it.
The Raleigh/Durham area has grown
Just what has caused Charlotte and
even more powerfully than Charlotte. The
Raleigh/Durham to pull ahead of other
population of Wake, Orange and Durham
regions in the state? In theory, all cities in
counties grew 31.7% to 699,066 between
North Carolina stood to benefit equally from
1980 and 1990. Wake County alone grew by
the state's moderate climate, low labor and
a stunning 40.5%, the fastest in the state.
manufacturing costs and laws that have
Employment in the three counties more than
long permitted branch banking and out-
kept pace, increasing 34.1% between 1980
lawed closed union shops factors that
and 1990. Despite the population growth,
have attracted businesses from the North-
unemployment generally ran at half the
east and Midwest for more than a century.
national average. For the second half of the
The answer lies in a combination of luck,
After a mid-
'80s boom,
decade it hugged the baseline with a minus-
leadership and changing times. Charlotte
construction in
cule 3% or less.
and Raleigh/Durham have caught the
the Triangle fell
Research Triangle Park, midway be-
proverbial tide in the affairs of men at its
off dramatically
while building
tween Raleigh and Durham, continued to
flood and are surfing it directly to fortune.
in Metrolina
burnish its reputation as one of the nation's
Both metropolitan areas have seized differ-
stayed steadier.
premier research and development sites.
ent national and international trends and
capitalized on them.
TREND
The decision in 1959 to build upon the
reputations and expertise of Raleigh's three
Building fortunes
universities by establishing a research park
Value of all construction, from building permits
has proved prescient. In developing an
(in millions)
economic mix that adds R&D, high-tech
manufacturing and medical research and
$1,600
services to government and education - -
while de-emphasizing traditional low-tech
manufacturing Raleigh/Durham has
1,400
become "the first 21st-century economy in
the Carolina Piedmont," says architect and
Metrolina
1,200
urban planner Michael Gallis, a fellow of the
Urban Institute at UNCC.
Charlotte, for its part, has traditionally
1,000
Triangle
enjoyed a diverse economy. Strategically
positioned at the junction of Interstate
800
Highways 85 and 77, it has long acted as a
1984
1986
1988
1990
service and distribution center for the
BUSINESS / NORTH CAROLINA
20
manufacturing plants around its perimeter.
As such, it happened to be home to two
major, expansion-minded banks. Accus-
tomed to branching throughout the state,
"Regionalism is absolutely the
both NCNB (now NationsBank) and First
only thing to do. It's essential for
Union were quick off the mark when a
change in federal laws permitted Southeast-
recruiting and infrastructure
ern regional banking in 1985. As banking
planning. People have to give up
consolidated in the region, their growth,
together with the arrival of Royal Insurance
thinking in terms of counties."
Co. in 1984, laid the groundwork for Char-
lotte to emerge as a financial-services center.
force quality, availability and cost, attractive
While Raleigh and Durham have been
housing stock and air links, "both communi-
bolstered by UNC, N.C. State and Duke, as
ties are strong," says corporate relocation
well as the presence of a state government
specialist Gene DePrez, vice president and
employing more than 24,000, Charlotte has
principal at New York-based PHH Fantus
been propelled by its unabashed pro-
Corp. "In the last month, they've come up
growth, pro-business attitude and a strong
dozens of times in our conversations."
commitment by business leaders to the city.
But the wake-up call of the recession has
"Charlotte has become a major-league city.
made it clear that the '90s are not going to be
It's aggressive, it knows what it wants and
a repeat of the expansionary '80s. Charlotte
goes after it. It has its act in order," says
and Raleigh/Durham have not fared too
John Kasarda, director of the Kenan Institute
badly; though unemployment has crept up
of Private Enterprise at UNC-Chapel Hill.
in recent months, both regions managed to
"It's a successful mix of a community that
register net increases in jobs in 1991 and are
works together and leadership that has
continuing to attract businesses.
community interest at heart."
But even after the recession ends,
Charlotte has managed to get its bullish-
forecasters do not predict a return to the
ness nationally ranked: Fortune named the
heady growth of the '80s. "Essentially, it will
city No. 1 in "pro-business attitude" last
be very hard for growth rates to be any
year and seventh among cities said by
more than a third or half of those of the '70s
executives to offer top value for businesses.
and '80s," says First Union's David Orr. For
As Charlotte and Raleigh/Durham have
example, DRI/McGraw Hill predicts that
capitalized on these assets and on their hub
employment, which grew at an average
airports, success has bred success. For
annual rate of 4% between 1982 and 1990 in
example, Charlotte's growth prompted the
the Charlotte area, will increase by a modest
NBA to grant a franchise there, adding $100
1.5% annually between 1990 and 2000. For
million annually to the local economy,
Raleigh/Durham, which enjoyed 5.5%
according to UNCC's Connaughton. The
annual growth in employment in the '80s,
Hornets' reception in turn led to the drive to
the rate is expected to slow to 1.8%. Real per
snag a National Football League franchise,
capita income, which grew at an average
which would bring in an additional $200
annual rate of 3.2% for Charlotte and 3.3%
million a year, Connaughton says, as well as
for Raleigh/Durham from 1982 to 1990, will
further raise Charlotte's national profile and
bump down to 1% and 1.9% respectively,
perhaps finally distinguish the city once and
according to DRI. Still, both areas are
for all from those other pesky "Ch" cities,
expected to run a sliver ahead of the state
Charleston, S.C., Charlottesville, Va., and
and national rates.
Charleston, W.Va.
The reasons for the slower growth are
The developments of the '80s left Char-
primarily demographic. As postwar baby
lotte and Raleigh/Durham in enviable
boomers head into their late 30s and 40s, the
competitive positions. In terms of work-
shrinking numbers of Americans entering
APRIL 1992
21
ECONOMIC ALMANAC
their 20s mean fewer workers, especially for
Much more caution will be needed to keep
entry-level jobs, and reduced demand for
us from overextending ourselves."
housing, automobiles and other goods
So should Charlotte and Raleigh/
typically first purchased in the young-adult
Durham simply bow to the inevitable? Not
years. In the late '90s, there will be 140,000
necessarily. As Orr puts it: "The world has
fewer North Carolinians between 18 and 34
changed, and the pie is not growing as fast.
than there are today, according to Kasarda.
But that doesn't mean you don't try to get a
Another important economic stimulus of
bigger share of it. The key in the 1990s will
the '80s is unlikely to be repeated: the
be stealing business from other regions."
abandon with which consumers wielded
Charlotte and Raleigh/Durham are
their credit cards. "There's been a large
plainly past masters at wooing businesses
psychological change due to the recession,"
from other parts of the country. But as the
Orr says. "People are unwilling to borrow as
contest heats up in the '90s, some of their
much or consume as frivolously."
prime selling points have lost luster. Their
Stagnation in R&D spending could hurt
traditional cost advantage over other
the Triangle's growth prospects. Real
regions has been shrinking. "Twenty-five
corporate R&D spending has been flat over
years ago, costs here were 30% to 35% less
the past two years. And as more research
than in the Northeast and industrial Mid-
parks have opened, competition has grown
west," Orr says. "Today, they're about 10%
fiercer. There are now 115 research parks in
less. The gap is narrowing."
the nation, vs. just 15 in 1980.
Charlotte and Raleigh/Durham are
Even after the recession recedes, the '90s
creeping up in costs vs. some other South-
are going to require a new brand of realism,
ern cities as well. In the American Chamber
economists agree. "We'll still engender
of Commerce Researchers Association's
above-average growth but not as rapid as
composite cost-of-living index, Charlotte's
that of the '70s and '80s. I've been warning
costs were indexed at 100.1 and Raleigh/
business leaders not to get back to the boom
Durham's at 96.4 for third quarter 1991 (100
mentality, where they see nothing wrong
equals the average of the 304 cities polled).
with build, build, build," says N.C. State's
The living was cheaper in Austin, Texas, for
Walden. "The '90s call for much more
example, at 92.6; Nashville, Tenn., at 91.7;
modest investment and marketing plans.
Memphis, Tenn., at 94.5; and New Orleans
TREND
Metrolina magic
Manufacturing employment
Unemployment
1980
1989
Change
1980
Rate
1990
Rate
Cabarrus
22,160
16,840
(24.0)%
1,980
4.8%
2,161
3.8%
Gaston
39,560
38,590
(2.5)
5,380
5.8
4,180
4.1
Iredell
15,630
17,140
9.7
2,570
6.5
2,312
4.4
Lincoln
6,540
7,310
11.8
1,740
8.8
1,249
4.5
Despite slower
Mecklenburg
44,450
50,790
14.3
10,560
4.6
8,411
3.0
growth in
Rowan
15,680
13,120
(16.3)
2,660
5.6
2,490
4.2
manufacturing
Stanly
10,870
10,860
(0.1)
1,400
6.1
1,272
4.7
employment, the
Charlotte region
Union
10,190
14,050
37.9
1,640
4.1
1,334
2.9
helped set the
Metrolina
165,080
168,700
2.2
27,930
5.2
pace for the
23,409
3.6
North Carolina
North Carolina
820,000
871,100
6.2
187,000
6.5
139,000
4.1
economy.
United States
20,285,000
19,442,000
(4.2)
7,637,000
7.1
6,874,000
5.5
BUSINESS / NORTH CAROLINA
22
with 93.5, which could give them a competi-
always asked about the quality of education.
tive advantage. "Costs have been driving a
When a research facility is relocating, it's a
lot of corporate relocation decisions for the
major concern for their staff and their
last year or two, more than four or five years
children. The biggest single liability we have
ago," DePrez of PHH Fantus says. "There
is the quality of public education in North
has to be a compelling advantage, a really
Carolina."
dramatic saving, to justify the extremely
The much-touted quality of life in both
high one-time costs of moving."
areas is not immune from the urban stresses
North Carolina's edge as a non-union
of the '90s. Crime is on the rise. Durham and
state has also eroded as unions have weak-
Charlotte set new records for homicides in
ened nationally. Many growth areas, such as
1991 - with 33 and 115 respectively - as
banking, research and high-tech manufac-
both cities have seen an increase in drug
turing, are typically not unionized.
trade. Commuters complain about rush-
The labor force in Charlotte and Raleigh/
hour traffic snarls - more than 100,000
Durham may have a hard time meeting the
commute into Charlotte daily, more than
demands of the '90s. "The labor problem is
double the number in 1980 - and sketchy
double-barreled," Kasarda explains. "Not
public transportation severely limits the
only is the labor force declining in number,
employment prospects of the carless.
but a substantial number of workers lack the
Unfazed by the sobering news, Charlotte
education, training and skills to adapt to the
and Raleigh/Durham business and civic
needs of business. Both cities are going to
leaders are busy forging their strategies for
face a serious squeeze, and tight labor will
the '90s with typical zeal. The future of their
raise costs."
cities could depend on their success.
North Carolina students' poor perfor-
Economic-development officials plainly
mance on national tests has fanned worries
have their work cut out for them. The
over education and work-force prepared-
Charlotte Chamber has targeted specific
ness. Charlotte's and Durham's public
industries, including biomedical research,
schools rate below the state average. When
chemicals, aircraft parts, metalworking,
speaking to companies thinking of coming
financial back-office operations and elec-
to RTP, Research Triangle Park Foundation
tronics, for its recruitment efforts and hopes
President James Robeson says, "We're
to lure national associations and banking,
Average annual wage
Total personal income
Retail sales
Real increase
1990
Real increase
1990
Real increase
1989
from 1980
(in 000s)
from 1980
(in 000s)
from 1980
$18,611
18.6%
$1,513,201
31.4%
$691,732
23.3%
18,772
5.5
2,658,608
26.8
1,377,115
12.2
17,491
8.5
1,474,054
33.3
872,971
28.9
16,588
8.9
712,939
35.6
286,356
22.6
23,767
12.2
9,769,386
47.6
8,845,616
14.3
19,085
8.2
1,614,071
23.5
772,561
18.8
16,832
4.3
729,974
22.8
396,025
10.6
17,895
6.8
1,424,017
54.7
699,105
38.9
18,630
9.2
19,896,250
38.9
13,941,481
16.6
19,302
8.0
100,417,638
33.0
64,691,006
19.3
22,120
5.5
4,662,698,000
29.3
1,807,219,000
25.8
APRIL 1992
23
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ECONOMIC ALMANAC
real-estate and insurance companies to put
to coordinate economic-development efforts
corporate or division headquarters there.
in the 13-county Charlotte area. The part-
The chamber, with a staff of 50, including an
nership, which has just completed its first
international department, is a recruitment
year, has received pledges of $8 million over
juggernaut that uses direct mail, trade
five years from area businesses. It handles
shows, seminars, overseas trade missions,
all regional advertising and recently
phone calls and one-on-one visits to lobby
launched a national and international
corporate prospects. "They're a very, very
campaign under the slogan "America's New
effective group compared with their peers
Business Horizon Charlotte Region." The
around the nation," says a relocation
partnership is also sponsoring the making
specialist. Adds an economist: "They sell
of an OmniMax film of the region to be
Charlotte like Honda sells Hondas."
shown at Charlotte's Discovery Place next
Supplementing their efforts is the
year and has opened a VIP briefing center at
fledgling Carolinas Partnership, an attempt
Charlotte/Douglas International Airport.
Strategic air command
vation and enhancement of their
airports will be essential to both
regions. Raleigh and Durham
Though the economies of Charlotte
As companies strive to trim
suffered a collective shudder re-
and Raleigh/Durham differ vastly,
inventories and beat out competi-
cently at rumors that American
they share a common benison: their
tors, they increasingly choose to
Airlines was considering dropping
hub airports. "The hubs are abso-
ship by air. Exports, which grew by
RDU as a hub. Though the reports
lutely critical. In a way, they're the
22% in North Carolina between 1989
have been denied, attendees at the
most important things North
and 1990, are more frequently
Raleigh-Durham Regional Associa-
Carolina has to offer," says James
airlifted; according to Kenan
tion conference in January cheered
Robeson, president of Research
Institute of Private Enterprise
in relief when the local American
Triangle Park Foundation.
Director John Kasarda, 35% of
Airlines representative said com-
Charlotte's airport was desig-
exports now move by air. Charlotte
pany officials had ruled out Atlanta
nated a hub by Piedmont Aviation
loaded 170 million pounds of cargo
as an alternative hub to RDU.
(now USAir) in 1979, and Raleigh/
last year, up from 40 million in 1981;
RDU's chairman, developer
Durham's by American Airlines in
RDU loaded 83.5 million pounds.
Smedes York, went on to outline
1987. With 500 flights a day, Char-
"Instead of shipping by a six-hour
a long-term plan calling for addi-
lotte boarded 8.4 million passengers
truck drive, it makes sense to use an
tional runways by the end of the
last year and offered direct service
air hub," says urban planner
decade. "The main thing I know
to 150 cities, including London and
Michael Gallis. "Time and transpor-
about running an airport is that the
Frankfurt. At RDU 4.7 million
tation are concentrating economic
public has to be behind the effort,"
departed on 253 daily flights for
development to major hubs in the
he told the crowd. "We cannot go
nearly 80 cities, including Paris.
U.S. For the first time, we're seeing
backwards. We cannot afford to
Air links have become even
a shift to major urban centers in the
lose the hub." The unspoken mes-
more crucial as international
Carolinas."
sage: the business community had
markets integrate. Components are
Corporate relocation specialists
better be prepared to rally against
manufactured all over the world,
say that one of the first factors a
any community opposition to
gathered in one location and
relocating company considers when
expansion.
assembled. The resulting products
assessing sites is air service. Char-
Charlotte's airport also has plans
are shipped around the globe. For
lotte's and Raleigh/Durham's
to expand. Its status as USAir's
example, IBM's PS2 personal
airports have helped them attract
southernmost hub, particularly now
computers are assembled in Raleigh
foreign-owned facilities, 260 and 65
that the airline has axed its Dayton,
from parts manufactured at sites
respectively.
Ohio, hub and is reducing its losses,
from Burlington, Vt., to the Far East.
As the '90s progress, the preser-
seems fairly secure.
APRIL 1992
25
ECONOMIC ALMANAC
Charlotte is also tackling regionalism
annual conference, held in January, drew
on a political level. Charlotte and six
737 to RTP's Sheraton Imperial to hear
surrounding cities last December approved
discussion of regional economics and the
creation of an association of cities from the
future of the Raleigh/Durham airport.
region to take on issues of common interest,
Will regionalism really make a differ-
and representatives met for the first time
ence? Says First Union's Orr: "Regionalism
Feb. 4. The first item on the agenda: lobby-
is absolutely the only thing to do. It's
ing the state for the region's fair share of
essential for recruiting and infrastructure
reimbursements. Eventually the organiza-
planning. People have to give up thinking in
tion will expand to the region's 38 munici-
terms of counties. You can't have Iredell and
palities and aims to produce long-term
Gaston fighting it out. The area attracts
savings by coordinating planning and
people and companies, and within the area
sharing costs of public projects, such as
each will get its fair share."
parks, roads, sewers and regional transpor-
DePrez agrees that areas that sell them-
tation. "The reason we're spending too
selves as regions can have an edge. "When
much today is that there was too little
companies relocate, they consider the whole
planning 10 years ago," says Lynn Wheeler,
broad region, the downtown, the suburbs,
the Charlotte City Council member spear-
the labor pool. The more flexible you are in
heading the initiative.
offering a regional approach, the more
Raleigh and Durham have also inaugu-
opportunities you offer."
rated a regional initiative: the Raleigh-
Gallis was a consultant to the Charlotte
Durham Regional Association, established
City Council on its regional initiative and
in June 1990. The purpose of the association,
says it holds the key to the area's future
says Chairman John Atkins, president of the
success. "Lynn [Wheeler's] committee is in
Triangle architectural firm O'Brien/Atkins
the forefront of breaking down the walls
Associates, is to promote economic develop-
that ring the Great State of Mecklenburg,"
ment and provide a forum for discussion of
he says. "We've inherited a jigsaw of
issues important to the area. "We think
political entities that do not efficiently
when we combine our assets, we have a
divide the area." With a regional strategy,
story that's hard to beat. If we don't - if
he believes, "Charlotte has the potential of
Raleigh or Durham is pursuing a prospect
being the strongest competitor in America.
on its own - our chances dim." Interest is
We are entering a metropolitan state after
plainly running high. The group's second
Houston and Atlanta. We can clearly see the
TREND
Triangle triumph
Manufacturing employment
Unemployment
1980
1989
Change
1980
Rate
1990
Rate
Chatham
5,960
5,990
0.5%
810
5.1%
653
3.3%
Durham
18,720
29,870
59.6
4,380
5.0
2,461
2.4
Johnston
9,620
8,490
(11.8)
2,190
6.2
1,751
4.6
Lee
7,350
8,030
9.3
1,500
7.9
1,065
5.3
Orange
3,460
2,740
(20.8)
1,840
4.2
980
1.9
The Raleigh/
Wake
22,820
27,680
21.3
6,970
4.0
5,950
2.4
Durham region
Triangle
67,930
82,800
21.9
17,690
4.7
has shown even
12,860
2.7
greater gains
North Carolina
820,000
871,100
6.2
187,000
6.5
139,000
4.1
than Charlotte.
United States
20,285,000
19,442,000
(4.2)
7,637,000
7.1
6,874,000
5.5
BUSINESS / NORTH CAROLINA
26
problems that were created, and we have
research-oriented companies to the area.
the potential to do things differently."
"We believe that offering Ph.D.s is critical to
Also crucial will be protecting the quality
this region and its economic development,"
of life in both regions. As Atkins puts it:
says William McCoy, director of UNCC's
"How do we plan for growth and not
Urban Institute. Meanwhile, local businesses
jeopardize our quality of life? The spectrum
are supporting a $50 million fund drive for
of viewpoints ranges from 'I'm here so let's
Johnson C. Smith University.
close the door' to development for
As the '90s unfold, economists and
development's sake. It's a struggle." Finding
development specialists agree that Charlotte
a balance will be vital. A pleasant, afford-
and Raleigh/Durham must continue to
able environment is key not only to attract-
broaden their world view, to snag interna-
ing new companies but also to inducing
tional as well as national and local trends.
existing companies to expand - a major
This may mean, for example, increasingly
potential source of growth for both Char-
active recruitment of foreign companies.
lotte and Raleigh/Durham. For example, the
RTP, where 39 sites are still open for devel-
proposal to establish parks along lakes
opment, is already targeting European and
Wylie and Norman is an attempt to preserve
Japanese companies, Robeson says. "Many
an important amenity in the face of urban
U.S. executives are judged on their quarterly
encroachment, Gallis says.
results, not on their performance over five
Improved education will have to be a top
or 10 years. One reason we're aggressively
priority. "The question of the '90s is how to
recruiting overseas is that many of those
get a grip on education. We need to put
companies take a longer view in their
more money in schools and less in roads,"
research and development."
Stuart says. Charlotte has tried to solve its
The '80s placed Charlotte and Raleigh/
problem by hiring a new school superinten-
Durham in the world arena. They're power-
dent with ambitious plans for restructuring
fully equipped to compete, but they'll be
portions of the system and imposing high
learning their positions in the slow-growth
standards. Charlotte also hopes to upgrade
'90s. "We have to look at the global
its higher education, long in the Triangle's
economy and understand the strategy of
shadow. A proposal that would allow
growth in the '90s," Atkins says. "If we just
UNCC to grant doctorates is awaiting
look at North Carolina or national opportu-
approval by the university's Board of
nities, it's not going to happen. We've got to
Governors. Such programs could lure more
look at the bigger picture."
Average annual wage
Total personal income
Retail sales
Real increase
1990
Real increase
1990
Real increase
1989
from 1980
(in 000s)
from 1980
(in 000s)
from 1980
$16,962
7.9%
$595,493
38.5%
$186,055
(12.2)%
24,903
19.4
3,207,768
43.0
1,663,216
44.5
15,614
3.4
1,082,114
31.1
622,751
17.6
17,479
8.0
636,746
30.6
428,333
2.2
21,185
12.4
1,657,661
53.7
640,662
31.9
20,883
7.3
8,016,139
65.2
5,251,140
49.0
19,504
10.2
15,195,921
53.2
8,792,157
39.1
19,302
8.0
100,417,638
33.0
64,691,006
19.3
22,120
5.5
4,662,698,000
29.3
1,807,219,000
25.8
APRIL 1992
27
ECONOMIC ALMANAC
TWILIGHT
OF THE
GODS
In manufacturing might, the Triad once reigned
supreme. Can it hammer out a new identity in the '90s?
By David Bailey
ur little town of High Point," Dave Phillips
buildings anymore," he says. That makes it
says fondly. Then he lets out a long sigh. "It
tough to sell office furniture.
hasn't changed much in its population in a
"That's our little town, and you go to
long time."
Winston and they'll tell you the same story,"
In fact, from 1980 to 1990 High Point
Phillips says. "Greensboro is the same thing.
slipped from sixth to seventh in the state,
We're hurting."
even though population increased at a
By almost any measure - population,
healthy rate.
employment, auto registrations, per capita
Sure, says Phillips, a developer and
income, wages per worker - - the Triad
president of Phillips Industries, "it's known
lagged behind state growth averages during
as the furniture and hosiery capital of the
the '80s. High Point, since it is not as diversi-
world. But most of our hosiery companies in
fied as the other two cities, probably has had
the last decade have gone out of business or
the hardest time. But Winston-Salem lost its
merged, like Adams-Millis and Sara Lee.
status as the headquarters of RJR Nabisco,
They've shut down operations and moved
and Greensboro has seen jobs come and -
somewhere else."
mostly - go as the textile industry went
Of course, there's still the furniture
through a chaotic decade.
market: "It's exciting and one of the most
That's not to say the area didn't grow. "If
incredible things that happens in America. It
[the Triad] were located anywhere else in
brings 60,000 people down twice a year,"
the nation, you'd say, 'That's pretty healthy,
Phillips says, his voice rising in a brief
managed growth,' UNC-Greensboro
crescendo, "but it doesn't employ a lot of
finance Professor Donald Jud notes. "They
people. It's seasonal employment."
could almost brag."
The biggest manufacturing employer in
In fact, Site Selection and Industrial
town, Phillips says, is Thomas Built Buses
Development magazine ranked the Triad as
Inc., with just under 1,000 workers. But few
the fourth-most-popular place in the nation
cash-strapped state and local governments
to build new plants in 1991 - after the No.
are buying school buses. Historically, the
2-ranked Charlotte area. "In that they're
other two big employers have been Hatteras
located between two of the major growth
Yachts and Alma Desk Co. The luxury tax
areas in the Southeast, Charlotte and
has almost put boat building in dry dock,
Raleigh, they pale by comparison," Jud says.
"and people have just stopped building
Even more troubling, Winston-Salem,
BUSINESS / NORTH CAROLINA
28
As the '80s dawned, the Triad's future looked as rosy as
a Carolina sunrise. Now, its leaders must decide what they
want tomorrow to bring.
YUNG SHENG TSAO
APRIL 1992
29
ECONOMIC ALMANAC
Greensboro and High Point - cities that for
That was then. Now, as the Triad looks
decades have been the gauges used to
toward the slower growth projected between
monitor North Carolina's industrial might
now and the year 2000, leaders realize
- have added few manufacturing jobs.
someone had better do something. The big
Such jobs actually declined by 16% from
question is what. "The area just does not
1980 to 1990 in Forsyth County, which in its
have the enthusiasm for itself that Metrolina
heyday - 1935 - produced a quarter of the
and the Triangle have," Greensboro City
state's manufactured goods.
Manager William Carstarphen says. "It's not
But in the '80s, the Triad looked on with
quite sure what's happened to it, and it
envy as manufacturing jobs grew by 14% in
hasn't formulated, as a result, a new
Mecklenburg County and 21% in Wake
strategy."
County. "When I was in Winston-Salem,"
Consider, for instance, a recent effort to
banker Hugh Durden says, "one of the
transform Triad cooperation into bricks and
things I used to say with some conviction
mortar. The idea was to turn a 1,000-acre
was the sun is going to turn around and
tract in the middle of the Triad into a
shine here some day. Well, I was wrong."
regional centerpiece. Leaders, especially
Durden, now based in Charlotte as
those from Winston-Salem, decided that the
Wachovia Bank of North Carolina's execu-
land would be perfect for a research park or
tive vice president for the western third of
could be used as an industrial and office
the state, knows where to lay the blame.
park. All they needed was $500,000 to
"The '80s fever in the Carolinas was concen-
extend the option on the land, which was on
trated in the Triad," he says. The disease
the market for $14 million.
showed up in many forms - downsizings,
Bowman Gray School of Medicine
consolidations, mergers, LBOs, restruc-
officials were particularly enthusiastic about
turings, relocations and plain old-fashioned
tying such a park to a graduate-engineering
business failures. "There was an epidemic of
center already in the works. Because the
the fever, and no single person could have
land was closest to High Point, leaders there
done anything about that," Durden says.
were understandably excited. But Greens-
TREND
Triad trails
Manufacturing employment
Unemployment
1980
1989
Change
1980
Rate
1990
Rate
Alamance
19,500
21,620
10.9%
3,550
7.2%
2,159
3.3%
Caswell
990
760
(23.2)
570
7.3
416
4.4
Davidson
23,100
23,840
3.2
4,550
7.5
2,791
3.9
Davie
2,990
3,890
30.1
680
6.4
686
4.6
Forsyth
44,110
37,250
(15.6)
6,570
5.2
5,706
3.9
Guilford
57,250
59,310
3.6
9,350
5.6
6,820
3.6
Randolph
20,860
23,590
13.1
3,050
6.3
1,833
3.0
Rockingham
17,610
15,400
(12.6)
3,780
9.2
2,331
5.7
Stokes
1,620
1,320
(18.5)
1,150
6.6
827
4.4
Although it out-
Surry
15,520
15,970
2.9
2,180
7.5
paced the nation
1,542
4.7
in some areas,
Yadkin
1,760
2,710
54.0
1,030
6.8
739
4.5
the Triad lagged
Triad
205,310
205,660
0.2
36,460
6.4
behind the state,
25,850
3.9
Metrolina and
North Carolina
820,000
871,100
6.2
187,000
6.5
139,000
4.1
Triangle.
United States
20,285,000
19,442,000
(4.2)
7,637,000
7.1
6,874,000
5.5
BUSINESS / NORTH CAROLINA
30
boro's mood was cool, and the deadline for
as a Carolina sunrise. Winston-Salem alone
tying up the land passed without the money
had the headquarters of R.J. Reynolds
being raised. Clearly, the kind of coopera-
Tobacco Co., Hanes Corp., Wachovia Bank
tion that put Charlotte and Raleigh/
and Piedmont Aviation. Within a 30-mile
Durham on the national corporate-reloca-
radius were the nation's largest tobacco
tion map is a distant dream for the Triad.
manufacturer, more than a dozen textile and
Charlotte's success must be particularly
apparel makers (including the nation's
galling to the Triad, which has always
largest), three major insurance companies,
prided itself on quality of life and cultural
the state's soundest bank, a booming airline
superiority. After all, it has the North
and two of the country's largest trucking
Carolina School of the Arts, a modern-art
companies. Triad population had grown
museum, a Shakespeare company, Old
180% from 1920 to 1980, compared with
Salem, several symphony orchestras and an
130% for the state and 114% for the nation.
arts-patronage system that is to the Triad
And despite intensive industrialization,
what the Medici family was to Florence.
it was a great place to live - Greensboro
But while the Triad was building art
was ranked No. 1 among medium-sized
programs, Charlotte was creating what it
cities by the 1981 Rand McNally Places Rated
likes to call a world-class city. Allen
Almanac.
Mebane, chairman and founder of Greens-
"Industrialization has supported growth,
boro-based Unifi Inc., says Charlotte was
raised incomes and created a large skilled
able to pull it off because six or seven of the
labor force," boasted an Economic Atlas of
city's most powerful leaders can sit down at
the Piedmont Triad published in 1982 by
a table together, take a vote and make just
chambers of commerce, the state Depart-
about whatever they want happen in the
ment of Commerce and Triad county
Queen City. "You can't get six people from
governments. But the citizens in this part of
Greensboro, High Point and Winston-Salem
the Bible Belt would soon be reminded of
even to sit down together," he says.
the lesson Job learned: What the Lord gives,
In 1979, the Triad's future looked as rosy
He can take away.
Average annual wages
Total personal income
Retail sales
Real increase
1990
Real increase
1990
Real increase
1989
from 1980
(in 000s)
from 1980
(in 000s)
from 1980
$16,765
6.1%
$1,774,879
29.8%
$1,067,660
27.1%
14,808
(1.0)
216,468
10.5
36,837
(22.4)
17,285
6.8
1,791,752
24.0
786,047
14.7
16,353
(0.9)
467,928
40.0
177,333
52.4
23,692
7.3
5,285,300
31.5
3,299,817
20.6
21,110
6.3
6,547,142
30.2
5,216,685
22.5
16,160
1.7
1,488,080
28.9
616,560
25.5
18,788
5.8
1,235,239
12.1
490,283
(1.2)
16,945
7.2
502,830
26.0
118,944
15.6
16,072
4.5
886,066
22.5
602,759
30.9
16,053
13.9
430,334
25.3
141,811
(9.2)
17,639
5.3
20,626,018
28.0
12,554,736
20.8
19,302
8.0
100,417,638
33.0
64,691,006
19.3
22,120
5.5
4,662,698,000
29.3
1,807,219,000
25.8
APRIL 1992
31
ECONOMIC ALMANAC
In the Triad, the Almighty had some
'80s, but that didn't offset what happened to
help, though. "The Winston people didn't
the area's bread-and-butter industries.
want other people in there because it would
Says Wachovia President L.M. "Bud"
destroy the labor situation they had,"
Baker Jr.: "A strong employment base was
Mebane asserts. "Burlington and Cone and
always here, and we sort of sat and watched.
Jefferson-Pilot for years have been inhibitors
Charlotte and Raleigh were larger, more
of the growth of Greensboro. They didn't
concentrated areas, and I think they were
want the competition for the labor." Mebane
more aggressive in economic development
should know. He worked at Burlington
than the separate cities of the Triad were."
Industries from 1957 to 1964 before launch-
Population numbers back that up. From
ing Unifi.
1980 to 1990, the 11-county Triad region
Statistics bear him out. Granted, tobacco
gained 104,422 people or about 9% the
work (the highest-paid category of manufac-
growth rate of Eastern North Carolina. The
turing jobs in the nation) boosted Forsyth's
eight counties in the Charlotte region grew
average wage per hour in 1979 close to the
by 179,510, double the Triad rate. And in the
national average wage of $6.69 an hour. But
Triangle, the six counties around Raleigh
in the whole 11-county region, workers
grew by 189,054, a rate of 28%.
averaged $4.77 an hour, lower than the $4.87
More telling is net migration - a popula-
average for the state and nearly $2 less than
tion count adjusted for births and deaths.
the U.S. average.
Forsyth saw a net loss of some 2,100 people
"North Carolina in the period from 1979
from 1989 to 1990. Guilford added 6,600 in
to 1984 went through the most expansionary
1990 - but compare that with
period in its history," John McNair, former
Mecklenburg's 21,800 or Wake's 19,800.
president of Wachovia Bank of North
Overall, the Triad's net gain was about
The Triad never
Carolina, has said. "During that time, a
52,000 for the decade — while the Charlotte
hit the heights
Metrolina and
great many referrals [to the Triad] were
area picked up more than 110,000 and the
the Triangle
made by the state Department of Com-
Triangle gained more than 136,000.
reached. But it
merce, and none of the deals were closed."
"It's not just Charlotte and Raleigh vs. the
shared the big
drop when
Granted, Greensboro snagged an American
Piedmont Triad," says former Greensboro
money tight-
Express service center in '85 and other
Mayor Jim Melvin. "The megatrends are
ened up.
companies were lured to the Triad in the
happening so quickly that if you don't step
back and take a look at the way things are
TREND
going and identify just a few of these things,
Slippery slope
then you're going to get left behind."
Melvin, president of 1st Home Federal
Value of all construction, from building permits
Savings and Loan, says that in the early '80s
(in millions)
John Belk and other Charlotte leaders
$1,100
decided what would make the city grow and
went after it. "I heard them articulate their
dream and saw the leadership of Charlotte
1,000
come together - corporate, public and
private - and clearly identify their goals
and objectives. The megatrends of the world
900
have caused Charlotte to emerge as a mega-
viable economic entity for the 21st century."
"Charlotte and Mecklenburg and Ra-
800
leigh/Durham/Chapel Hill kind of got the
jump and took the marbles home," Baker
says. "How permanent that is and what it
means over the long run, I don't know."
700
Of course, there's the issue of whether
1984
1986
1988
1990
BUSINESS / NORTH CAROLINA
32
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ECONOMIC ALMANAC
million, really worked together, the Triad
could wield as much political clout as
"The area just does not have
Charlotte or Raleigh/Durham. They also say
that the Triad could compete successfully
the enthusiasm for itself that
for corporate relocations if it marketed the
combined resources of the three cities and
Metrolina and the Triangle have,"
surrounding counties.
William Carstarphen says. "It's not
"The Triad is what one person once
quite sure what's happened to it."
described as a polynucleated urban region,"
UNC-Charlotte geography Professor Al
Stuart says. "There's no there there."
the region really wants the kind of growth
The Triad is busy trying to remedy that.
Charlotte and Raleigh have experienced.
"The major business people are seriously
"Not everything that has taken place in
sitting down and looking for ways to do
Charlotte and Raleigh/Durham has been
things better as a region," Melvin says.
positive," says Marc Bush, senior economic
Witness the number of CEOs who gathered
developer for the Greensboro Area Chamber
in Winston-Salem to show the UNC Board
of Commerce. Along with urban amenities
of Governors they favored setting up
come big-city problems: traffic congestion,
graduate engineering programs.
more murders and other crimes and a
"We're beginning to look inwardly at
strained infrastructure.
ourselves as a single regional entity and
"We don't want to be a Charlotte or a
asking ourselves how do we make that
Raleigh," Bush says, echoing the sentiments
entity compete worldwide," Melvin says.
of many. The current growth rate, he says,
Phillips cites the Piedmont Triad Partner-
"is where this region wants to be."
ship, an 11-county marketing alliance, as an
Besides, Baker says, what he calls an
instance of how the region is working
emerging democracy is changing the way
together.
the Triad is run: "The fact is, there's a
He admits, though, that setting it up was
broader sense of governance within our
a real struggle: "There are a lot of suspicious
communities. There's a sense of everybody
people in these surrounding counties who
wants to kind of sit at the table a little."
just don't trust Greensboro, Winston-Salem
This may not be as efficient as a small
and High Point because they felt they
group of powerful leaders calling the shots,
wouldn't get a fair shake." Indeed, rural
nor does it build wealth as effectively. "But I
counties surrounding the Triad's three
think it's pretty healthy," he says, "and in
major cities grew much more slowly in the
the end you end up with a fairly strong
'80s than those ringing Charlotte. Still, the
sense of community."
Triad counties have committed $300,000 a
But to stay even with past growth, the
year for three years and have hired a staff
Triad will have to work harder than it did
for the partnership.
during the '80s because of increased na-
Although Greensboro and Guilford
tional competition and slower population
County took the lead, Triad leaders worked
growth. DRI/McGraw Hill estimates that
together last year to lure the United Airlines
the population of the Metropolitan Statisti-
jet-maintenance center — and came close to
cal Area around Greensboro, High Point
getting it. United chose Indianapolis for the
and Winston-Salem will grow at a little less
$1 billion hangar complex. The Triad went
than 1% a year from 1990 to 2000. From 1982
all out, offering $298 million in incentives in
to 1990, the area grew 3% annually.
a bid for 6,300 new jobs.
Melvin and other influential voices in the
"It's important that these communities
Triad say regionalism is the surest way to
conduct a self-assessment and understand
foster growth. They maintain that if the 11-
what they have to offer," says Gene DePrez,
county area, with a total population of 1.4
vice president and principal in the New
BUSINESS / NORTH CAROLINA
34
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ECONOMIC ALMANAC
York corporate-relocation firm PHH
look pretty good for manufacturing
Needles
Fantus. "It's like any marketing
in the future," Baker says. "I think
situation. You ask, 'Who should we
when you look at some of the
go after?' You can't take a shotgun
companies that have been through
Resort
approach and go after everybody.
restructuring here in the Triad,
That's not going to work."
they seem to be emerging nicely,
The Triad's problem is not
showing pretty good results and
knowing what it wants. "I came to
will eventually lead to some
Greensboro seven years ago, and
employment gains."
then I felt Greensboro wasn't sure
Things are looking up for a
what it wanted to be when it grew
number of manufacturers, includ-
up," City Manager Carstarphen
ing Burlington Industries, Guilford
says. Seven years later, the identity
Mills, Oakwood Homes and
crisis continues.
Fieldcrest Cannon. Others, includ-
"Back in the 1920s, someone
ing RJR Nabisco, Unifi and Sara
coined the name Gate City," Jud
Lee, have weathered the recession
says, "because they thought we
practically unscathed.
were going to be a gateway to the
"I think we need to be the
South, another Atlanta. But since
finest, quality manufacturing
then I don't think people have
center in the Southeast," Car-
taken those types of ambitions
starphen says, "but unfortunately
A Tradition
seriously.
our leadership hasn't focused on
"The problem, if it is a problem,
that as a single objective."
Year After Year.
is that we don't have a real entre-
Peter Reichard, executive
preneurial class who are willing to
director of the Greensboro Area
use their influence to make this
Chamber of Commerce, agrees:
region grow rapidly. Now we've
"What we have not done is brought
The traditions of Pine Needles
lost some industrial base and
in the upper-end, head-of-house-
Resort. Donald Ross and the
we've got concerned, but it's
hold-income jobs," he says. "I don't
popular 18-hole golf course.
questionable whether the level of
think anyone needs to be ashamed
Peggy Kirk Bell. Golfari Golf
concern is sufficient to make us do
of manufacturing."
Schools. Couples Jamboree.
Dr. Jim Suttie and The Learn-
something."
Baker wonders whether the
First, the Triad needs to figure
individual cities can ever abandon
ing Center. Gracious southern
hospitality and fine dining.
out what that something is. "The
their internecine factionalism: "The
It began in 1927 and contin-
Triad has probably not decided
Triad is still a number of separate
ues today. Come experience
what to market itself as," says Gayle
cities and counties that have
premium golf and casual
Anderson, executive vice president
started to work together," he says.
elegance. Pine Needles Resort
of the Greater Winston-Salem
"It remains to be seen whether the
where the tradition of
Chamber of Commerce.
area will actually pull together as
great golf awaits.
Manufacturing remains its
an economic entity."
For information on our golf
strength, though that may not seem
"I don't think the three cities
packages, golf schools or
as appealing given the national shift
that make up the Triad even know
meeting facilities, call or write:
toward more white-collar jobs.
where each other are," Mebane
Wachovia's Durden, however,
says. "You know, people in
believes the area's future is inextri-
Greensboro don't care a thing
cably tied to manufacturing. "They
about people who live in High
want to sell services and technol-
Point, and people in High Point
ogy," he says. "That's popular. But
don't care about people in Win-
Pine Needles Resort
they should be talking about a
ston. They call it the Triad, but they
manufacturing work base."
don't do anything together that
P.O. Box 88
Pinehurst, NC 28374-0088
"My guess is that things will
means anything."
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BUSINESS / NORTH CAROLINA
36
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ECONOMIC ALMANAC
STILL
HOLDING
THEIR OWN
Outside the domain of the metropolitan centers, smaller
cities control their own economic principalities.
By Luann Nelson and David Mildenberg
n 1974, a young lawyer named Louis
rising tide lifts all ships," says Martin
Bissette Jr. moved to Asheville to head a
Nesbitt, an Asheville native and legislator
new bank. Coming from Charlotte, where
since 1979. "But that hasn't happened in the
growth sometimes seemed an end to itself,
last six or eight years."
he was taken aback by attitudes he encoun-
With some notable differences, similar
tered in his new hometown.
trends were evident in the state's five other
"I was amazed when I first moved here
second-tier metropolitan areas: Fayetteville;
when I'd have people tell me, 'We've got
Greenville; Hickory/Lenoir/Morganton;
such a great thing going here, we don't want
Rocky Mount/Wilson; and Wilmington.
people to know about it,' says High Point
Each is far enough from the state's three
native Bissette, who was mayor of Asheville
major metropolitan centers to retain its
from 1985 to 1989 and now practices law.
identity. Each possesses singular strengths,
Be careful what you wish for. You might
such as tourism in Asheville and Wilming-
get it. In the 1980s, Buncombe County's
ton, the military in Fayetteville, furniture
population grew by 15,000, up 8.5% to
and telecommunications in Hickory, bank-
175,000. Decent growth, to be sure, but well
ing in Rocky Mount/Wilson and medicine
below the state's 12.7% average. Likewise,
and education in Greenville. Each is a
the increase in per capita income in Bun-
regional distribution, retailing and medical-
combe and neighboring Henderson County
services center - a distinction that sets
underperformed the state as a whole,
them apart from Goldsboro, Jacksonville,
defying the conventional wisdom that
Kinston and other midsized cities.
wealthy retirees are enriching the area.
Each has an enviable standard of living
Though it may be one of the world's
largely devoid of many of the problems
most beautiful places to live, Asheville was
facing the metro centers. But there's a trade-
a minor participant in the state's boom of
off involved. None has big-city political
the '80s. That's hardly what Garrett AlDefer,
clout, marketing power, name recognition
a former executive director of the Asheville
nor amenities. Combined, their growth in
Chamber of Commerce, anticipated when he
total employment and retail sales barely
told BUSINESS NORTH CAROLINA in 1983,
topped the state average, while growth in
"We're on the very verge of the greatest
population, total personal income and
growth we've ever known."
average annual wages trailed slightly.
"There's a theory in this state that a
Though it might satisfy some, such modest
BUSINESS / NORTH CAROLINA
38
Moderate growth suited North Carolina's second-tier regions in the
'80s. But attracting jobs that slow the migration of talent remains
a major challenge.
YUNG SHENG TSAO
APRIL 1992
39
ECONOMIC ALMANAC
growth isn't likely to stem the migration of
happen." Among those with a moderate ap-
many high-school and college graduates to
petite for expansion is Ken Michalove, a for-
larger cities.
mer city manager who has been mayor since
Steve Holt, executive director of the
1989. "We aren't looking for an explosion of
Asheville chamber for the past two years,
growth," he says. "We really don't want it."
sees his job in those terms. "There are seven
Measured growth would be fine if the
high schools in this county, and we need to
city was attracting more jobs that pay good
be producing jobs for those graduates."
wages. But aside from some well-to-do
But growth is a controversial topic in
neighborhoods in North Asheville and the
Asheville, setting it apart from the other
ritzy three-square-mile town of Biltmore
second-tier regions, which tend to be
Forest (an enclave bounded by Asheville on
unabashed in their support for develop-
three sides and the Biltmore Estate, from
ment. "Asheville is a drawbridge commu-
which it was carved in 1923, on the other),
nity," observes Phil Carson, a lawyer who
Buncombe County has never been known as
has lived there since 1967. Once people
a prosperous place.
move in, he says, they want to pull up the
In the '80s, the county had a net loss of
drawbridge and keep others out.
about 1,000 manufacturing jobs and has lost
"There's a segment of the business
nearly that many more during the recession
community that would like to see Asheville
of the past two years, according to Jim
explode," says Doug Stafford, who headed
McMahan, manager of the Asheville office
the city's convention and tourism bureau
of the Employment Security Commission.
before taking a similar job in Charlotte. "But
Among the past year's closings were a
most of the citizens don't want to see much
Burlington Industries plant that employed
TREND
Second-tier shuffle
Manufacturing employment
Unemployment
1980
1989
Change
1980
Rate
1990
Rate
Asheville region
Buncombe
21,160
20,100
(5.0)%
4,660
5.9%
3,033
3.3%
Henderson
6,580
7,700
17.0
1,170
4.6
1,084
3.1
Hickory region
Burke
16,180
18,970
17.2
2,190
6.8
1,702
3.9
Caldwell
16,240
17,300
6.5
2,910
8.7
1,639
4.3
Catawba
34,350
41,650
21.3
4,010
6.9
3,071
4.3
Fayetteville region
Cumberland
11,570
12,470
7.8
6,090
8.5
4,414
4.7
Rocky Mount region
Edgecombe
6,730
7,210
7.1
2,690
9.1
1,476
5.0
Nash
11,500
14,480
25.9
2,520
7.2
1,759
4.7
Wilson
8,320
8,620
3.6
3,120
9.1
2,462
7.0
Wilmington region
The six second-
New Hanover
9,990
9,450
(5.4)
3,670
7.6
tier regions
2,756
4.2
Greenville region
encompass 11
counties. Growth
Pitt
8,140
9,490
16.6
3,410
7.3
2,084
3.5
in manufacturing
Second-tier
jobs failed to
117,200
128,610
9.7
36,440
7.4
25,480
4.2
boost wage rates
North Carolina
820,000
871,100
6.2
187,000
6.5
139,000
4.1
or income levels.
United States
20,285,000
19,442,000
(4.2)
7,637,000
7.1
6,874,000
5.5
BUSINESS / NORTH CAROLINA
40
550 and Sayles Biltmore Bleacheries, a
Overall, Asheville leaders say the
finishing plant that had 300 workers.
manufacturing base is on more solid footing
DRI/McGraw Hill, a Lexington, Mass.-
than a decade ago. "I think we've got the
based forecasting company, predicts
kind of manufacturing industries that do
Asheville will continue losing manufactur-
well," Bissette says. As examples, he points
ing jobs while attracting more retirees in the
to such major employers as Square D,
'90s. Rosalind Greenstein, a DRI/McGraw
Westinghouse, Rockwell International and
Hill senior economist, thinks Asheville/
BASF, each employing more than 400.
Hendersonville's population will grow by
Still, Asheville's high regard for the
about 1.5% a year, much better than the
environment means economic developers
estimated state growth of 1.05%. "We're
have a tough row to hoe to plant the seeds
basing that estimate on an expected influx of
of industrial growth. The irony is that, as
retirees," she says.
Bissette notes, western North Carolina
One silver lining, according to
probably needs economic development as
Michalove, is that Asheville's manufactur-
much as any section in the state. The
ing jobs are shifting from relatively low-
poverty rate in Buncombe County is 21%. "I
paying, low-tech textile and apparel work to
really think our problems relate to the
more skilled machining and electronics
economic opportunities for the people that
tasks. That trend was typified by the high-
live here," Bissette says.
water mark of industrial recruitment in
"We do live in a place that is not only
recent years in Asheville: an ITT Teves plant
beautiful but which has a geography that
that opened in 1987 and now employs about
defines it and limits it," says Sandy
750 people who make anti-lock brakes.
Wisniewski, an industry recruiter in west-
Average annual wage
Total personal income
Retail sales
Real increase
1990
Real increase
1990
Real increase
1989
from 1980
(in 000s)
from 1980
(in 000s)
from 1980
$18,331
2.9%
$2,730,323
28.5%
$1,830,494
16.2%
17,766
3.3
1,173,263
41.0
597,083
22.0
17,525
3.7
1,063,587
23.2
441,007
12.6
16,594
7.5
983,190
23.8
456,532
17.1
18,243
9.5
1,927,473
35.3
1,362,681
16.4
17,833
5.5
3,473,479
25.4
1,890,482
23.6
17,232
(0.5)
721,852
16.8
345,005
0.9
17,786
11.5
1,166,312
36.3
891,124
19.0
18,013
1.5
970,896
18.4
739,415
31.3
18,488
1.8
1,893,730
36.9
1,596,553
38.6
18,085
9.1
1,543,150
42.6
960,024
29.6
17,809
4.9
17,647,255
30.1
11,110,400
22.2
19,302
8.0
100,417,638
33.0
64,691,006
19.3
22,120
5.5
4,662,698,000
29.3
1,807,219,000
25.8
APRIL 1992
41
ECONOMICALMANAC
ern North Carolina for the N.C. Department
for it," Carson says. "It does not have going
of Economic and Community Development.
for it a very good track record of attracting
"That leads to a lot of debate."
quality industry and high-paying jobs for
Quality-of-life issues tend to get shorter
the people of the county."
shrift in other second-tier areas. Economic-
Right now, the retail, service and manu-
development experts consider the Hickory
facturing sectors each employ 20,000 to
area hungrier for growth and more open to
22,000 people in Buncombe County. That's
entrepreneurial start-ups than Asheville.
an enviable balance, McMahan says. But if
"All of the counties in this area are ex-
current trends persist, Asheville will become
tremely aggressive in terms of economic
increasingly dominated by its tourism and
development," says Robert Dunn,
service industries. And everyone knows
Wisniewski's colleague in the northwestern
desk clerks and restaurant waiters rarely
part of the state. "The Hickory metropolitan
earn as much as machinists or loom fixers.
area has the highest percentage of manufac-
"The base employment of our people is
turing workers in the nation, and this tends
sound," says legislator Nesbitt, who is co-
to attract additional manufacturing."
chairman of the House Appropriations
Some Asheville leaders acknowledge
Committee. "But the missing link is bringing
that their region has been out-hustled in
in high-paying jobs. We did well in the early
attracting industry. The Hickory/Lenoir/
1980s, but since then, things have slowed."
Morganton region added nearly 11,000
That's one reason civic leaders are so
manufacturing jobs in the '80s. Nash and
excited about two recent gains: the February
Edgecombe counties in the east gained
transfer of VME Sales North America's
about 3,500. Lack of flat land for major
headquarters from Cleveland to Asheville
industrial operations in Buncombe County
and a $5 million, 130,000-square-foot
gets part of the blame. Another factor is
expansion, now under way, at New York-
Annual construc-
Asheville's creaky infrastructure, including
based catalog retailer Clifford & Wills' 3-
tion in the 11
counties that
an antiquated water system that leaks an
year-old distribution center near the
make up the
incredible 5.63 million gallons of the 23
Asheville airport. The company already
second-tier
million-plus gallons pumped from the city's
employs 500 full- and part-time workers.
regions peaked
at more than
two reservoirs each day. But such problems
The VME move was intended to put the
$900 million in
are manageable, civic leaders say.
sales and marketing headquarters close to
1987.
"Asheville has all the good things going
its 20-year-old plant in nearby Skyland,
TREND
where 200 people produce wheel loaders
and articulated haulers. VME is a joint
Construction slowdown
venture between Sweden's Volvo and South
Value of all construction, from building permits
Bend, Ind.-based Clark Equipment Co.
(in millions)
Gains like these - of 49 families trans-
$1,000
ferring in and 20-plus new white-collar jobs
for locals at VME and of 140 new ware-
house-type jobs by the end of the year at
900
Clifford & Wills - represent the "clean"
kind of new business that civic leaders say
the people of Asheville want. "There is such
a focus here on quality of life and on the
800
environment in which we live from a scenic
standpoint, from a resource standpoint, that
people don't get so negative about growth if
700
they can see it doesn't harm the environ-
ment," says Don Harrison, Asheville city
executive for First Union National Bank.
600
1984
1986
1988
1990
David Brown, chancellor of UNC-
BUSINESS / NORTH CAROLINA
42
ABOVE ALL
Homesites, estate homes and cottages
in a private country club community.
high in the Blue Ridge Mountains
overlooking Grandfather Mountain
and the Linville Valley.
Enjoy golf on one of the world's finest
mountain courses or tennis or hike
forest trails lush with wildflowers and
mountain laurel or relax in the cool
LINVILLE RIDGE
mountain air and enjoy the
NORTH CAROLINA
extraordinary views.
P.O. Box 704. Linville, NC 28646. 704/898-5151
ECONOMIC ALMANAC
professor. The growth of ECU's medical
complex in Greenville has meant many in
Success in the '90s will require
the East are going there rather than to Duke
or UNC for treatment, he notes.
"creative, adventuresome
Similar regionalization has occurred in
thinkers" who can effectively
retailing. In 1989, Buncombe had 3.2 million
square feet of retail space; since then, an
promote their regions, former UNC-
additional 2.2 million square feet has come
Asheville Chancellor David Brown says.
on line. Much of that growth came from the
1989 opening of Biltmore Square Mall,
partly owned by the George H.V. Cecil
Asheville from 1984-90, calls such develop-
family, heirs of the Vanderbilts and
ment the "Grove Park Inn way," referring to
Asheville's most prominent business family.
the city's famous resort that combines
(George Cecil's brother, William, owns
elegance with a country feel. For companies
Biltmore House, the largest private house in
and individuals who put a premium on
the country.) The mall had a sluggish start
beauty, Brown notes, Asheville is North
as competing 18-year-old Asheville Mall
Carolina's answer to such mountain cities as
expanded to 945,000 square feet. Observers
Santa Fe, N.M., Provo, Utah, or Boulder,
say Biltmore Square's business has picked
Colo. "There is a very large population of
up since Belk opened its store there a year
business-locating executives who want very
ago. With Belk, Dillard's, Hess's, J.C.
much the mountains but do not want to give
Penney, Proffitts and Sears, Asheville has as
up the amenities of their harried cities," he
many different department-store operators
wrote in a memo to Asheville civic leaders
as Charlotte or Raleigh/Durham. Now, the
in July 1990, shortly before becoming
only major retail concept Asheville lacks is a
provost at Wake Forest University. "What
warehouse-club store, Don Harrison says.
we need to do is preserve and enhance the
Tourism revenues have also doubled,
aesthetic and quality of life in our environ-
along with the number of hotel rooms, since
ment and promote the heck out of it."
1983 when Asheville instituted a 2% room
A shared blessing for Asheville and
tax (since increased to 3%). The tax brings in
others on the second tier is a booming
$1.67 million a year for travel promotion,
medical industry cushioning the loss of
says Steve Miller, senior vice president of
manufacturing jobs. Memorial Mission
Biltmore Co., which operates Biltmore
Hospital, the city's largest employer with
Estate, and chairman of the Buncombe
1,918 workers, saw its revenues rise from
County Tourism Development Authority.
$70 million in 1984 to $166 million in 1991.
To thrive in the '90s, the second-tier
This growth was in part due to the more
cities will require "creative, adventuresome
than 11,000 Buncombe dwellers over age 65.
thinkers" who understand how to promote
A 1989 study by Bill Haas, a UNCA sociol-
their areas, Brown says. Asheville has its
ogy professor, found that the average
share of visionaries. Most notable, perhaps,
retirement household spends $38,500
is Roger McGuire, a retired Southern Living
annually, which creates myriad jobs. "It's
magazine executive who moved there a
bag boys, retail clerks. But mixed in there
dozen years ago and led development of the
are doctors and nurses."
$14 million Pack Place Education, Arts &
Other second-tier regions have also
Science Center downtown. In addition to
benefited from cutbacks at rural hospitals,
giving $250,000, he helped raise $8.5 million
which forces country folks to seek treatment
— three times more than any previous
in bigger cities. "During the '80s there was a
private fund-raising project in Asheville.
significant shift in medical services away
"Pack Place is physical proof of the
from rural areas," says Robert Schellen-
turning of the people's minds towards the
berger, an East Carolina University business
future," says McGuire, named the Asheville
BUSINESS / NORTH CAROLINA
44
If We're Not Careful,
We May Lose Our Minds.
Tonya Robinson: 21 years old; brilliant; a natural leader. With her ability, Tonya
might have gone to Harvard, Yale, or Princeton - but she didn't. She chose a Duke Power
scholarship and is now president of the student body at Duke University.
T H E
Without the Tonya Robinsons of our area to provide strong leadership,
DUKE POWER
SCHOLASTIC
the Carolinas of tomorrow are at risk. That's why Duke Power requires that its
EXCELLENCE
AWARDS
six annual scholarship recipients attend schools in the Carolinas. The hope is
that, upon graduating, they will choose to stay and apply their special abilities
to business, education, and government in the Carolinas.
Duke Power is proud to dedicate its efforts not only to
DUKEPOWER
finding our best minds, but to never losing them.
Smart People With Energy
ECONOMIC ALMANAC
Citizen-Times' first Citizen of the Year in Jan-
numbers would justify, but they are active,
uary. "The most important thing going on
and they are becoming more skilled in
here, I believe, is that Asheville is regaining
lobbying activities."
its civic confidence. There had been a make-
As Asheville's problems show all too
do attitude that was throttling things."
clearly, economic trends don't recognize
But growth requires more than vision.
county lines. The challenge for Asheville -
"We have a problem in that we don't have
as for other second-tier cities - is to find
very many locally owned major businesses,"
new ways to prosper while much of the
Bissette says. "We don't have an R.J. Rey-
state's growth occurs in larger metropolitan
nolds or Belk or Hanes or Jefferson-Pilot. We
areas. Regionalism is gaining favor, exem-
just don't have the kind of financial clout in
plified by a new seven-county marketing
our business community that can make
effort called CarolinaWest, aimed at raising
things happen the way it does in a number
the region's profile through trade missions
of cities." Since Akzona Inc. was taken
and national advertising. "We've got to
private by its European owner in 1982,
think with a regional hat on," First Union's
grocery chain Ingle's Markets has been the
Harrison says. "We're still pretty provincial
only major public company based in Bun-
up here. Too many people think business
combe. "When Akzona left, we lost that flair
begins or ends at the county line."
that you could go to for corporate support at
Nor should economic growth in North
a level that other places enjoy," Carson says.
Carolina end at the Wake or Mecklenburg
Adds Doug Orr, a former UNC-Char-
county lines. It's shortsighted to expect
lotte administrator who is now president of
Asheville and other second-tier areas to
Warren Wilson College in Swannanoa, just
grow without concerted statewide develop-
east of Asheville: "We don't have a Hugh
ment efforts. Greenville outperformed the
McColl."
other second-tier cities in the '80s by most
measures, reflecting the economic impact of
n early '80s study by New York-based PHH
the ECU medical school. Imagine what
Fantus Corp. predicted that Asheville would
would have happened in Pitt County had
benefit as Fortune 500 companies decentral-
the General Assembly put the school in
ized and set up regional offices in lower-cost
Charlotte. Likewise, the challenge of making
cities. That forecast proved dead wrong as
Asheville attractive for both business and
many closed their regional operations. And
retirees has importance beyond Buncombe.
as banking and other industries have
"People moving to Asheville don't want
consolidated, second-tier cities increasingly
it to be an age ghetto like some parts of
have become branch-office towns. "There's
Florida. They want it to be a part of society
no doubt that one of the major factors that
that is ongoing and substantial," Brown
can make or break a city is the existence of
says. "I think that can be pulled off but it's
headquarters offices," Stafford says.
not realistic for the people of Asheville to do
"There's a disproportionate amount of
it by themselves. You're also going to need
corporate giving in the headquarters cities,"
the support of the major thinkers and
McGuire notes. "I'm not complaining
entrepreneurs in the state. Research Triangle
because that's the way it is. But it means we
Park wasn't pulled off just by people in the
need to work together more."
Triangle."
Without major corporations or founda-
Just the mention of RTP seems to rile
tions to look to, Asheville must depend
Nesbitt. "My people's money built the
more on government to provide the impetus
Research Triangle Park," he says of his
for big projects, McGuire says. But that's
constituents. "But when I hear someone say
difficult given the contentiousness of local
that it's a beacon of hope, I sometimes say
politics. "There are an awful lot of special-
that up here we can't see the light over the
interest groups in Asheville," Bissette says.
Continental Divide. We need to try to create
"They probably have more impact than their
some balanced growth in this state."
BUSINESS / NORTH CAROLINA
46
IN NORTH CAROLINA
IT'S A WIN, WIN,
WIN, WIN SITUATION
Site Selection and Industrial
Development magazine has named
North Carolina #1 nationwide in new
manufacturing facilities four out of the
past five years. North Carolina has also
1
ranked #1 nationally in new and ex-
panded international facilities for the past
IN AMERICA
three years. In addition, two of the nation's
New Manufacturing Plants
top four metropolitan areas for new
manufacturing facilities are located in
North Carolina. Why? Because behind all
of these winning numbers are all the
III
reasons industry keeps choosing North
Carolina over other locations. Reasons
NORTHCAROLINA
like our productive well-trained workforce
The Better Business Climate
and our right-to-work industrial climate.
Our lowest-in-the-nation construction
costs. Our excellent transportation, in-
cluding the nation's largest state-main-
tained highway system, two deepwater
1987
ports, 20 rail carriers and two major inter-
national airline hubs. Plus, North Carolina
offers some of the most hospitable com-
1988
munities and diverse recreational oppor-
tunities you'll find anywhere.
If you're looking for a winning busi-
ness location, with everything your
1989
business needs to succeed, call Richard
J. Roberson, Director of Client Services
at (919) 733-4977, Fax (919) 733-9265.
1991
NORTH CAROLINA
The Better Business Climate
North Carolina Department of Economic and Community
Development, Business/ Industry Development Division, 430 N.
Salisbury Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611.
ECONOMIC ALMANAC
A
WORLD
APART
While struggling to find its way, rural North Carolina
falls farther behind.
By Jane Ruffin
wo years ago, Hamlet was on a roll. The
economy of many of the state's small towns
National League of Cities named it an All-
and rural areas.
America City for rescuing its tiny hospital
While they strive for economic growth,
from financial doom, expanding its immacu-
better jobs and upgraded schools, these
late library and holding an annual festival
places have been unable to break free from
celebrating its heritage as a railroad town.
the past. Too often, their work force is
Abbie G. Covington, the sprightly
unequipped for jobs outside textile mills and
mayor, saw the award as an important
poultry plants. Despite some success at
symbol for the Sandhills town of 6,196. It
diversification, low-skill industries remain
showed, she says, "you may have problems,
the lifeblood of much of North Carolina.
but you can do something about them." In a
The irony is that Hamlet, like the rest of
burst of civic pride, the town lined Main
Richmond County, is not particularly
Street with All-America City banners.
depressed. Parts of downtown are shut-
Then last Sept. 3, a fire at Imperial Food
tered, but there are also blocks of substantial
Products, a plant that cooked and froze
brick houses and well-kept yards. At the
chicken breasts, melted Hamlet's self-
Seaboard Station Restaurant on Charlotte
assurance. The town was left to contend
Street, the meatloaf is greasy, but lunch
with the horror of 25 deaths and 56 injuries,
business is robust. Though the county's
to say nothing of the loss of more than 200
population fell by 1.4% in the '80s - a loss
jobs. "Probably the highest and lowest
of more than 600 people - it added 4,500
points in my life were covered in the last 18
jobs, and per capita income growth was near
months," Covington said several weeks
the state average.
after the fire. Flags at half-staff overshad-
Billy Ray Hall, president of the North
owed the All-America City banners.
Carolina Rural Economic Development
Hamlet's can-do image was supplanted
Center, says, "Richmond County is typical
by national notoriety as a place where $5.50-
of rural North Carolina in the sense that
an-hour workers died behind locked doors
they've been holding on." Still, he says, the
and blocked exits. The event became sym-
county is vulnerable to blips in the market-
bolic not only of grotesque failures in
place - a drop in demand for a certain type
government workplace-safety programs but
of clothing, say, or new technology that
of all that is wrong with an economy built
eliminates jobs.
on the low-skilled and poorly paid - the
"We've been lucky, and we haven't been
BUSINESS / NORTH CAROLINA
48
With a fragile economy built on low-wage, low-skill jobs,
rural North Carolina must remake its work force
as its industries remake themselves.
YUNG SHENG TSAO
APRIL 1992
49
ECONOMIC ALMANAC
TREND
No feast in the East
Manufacturing employment
Unemployment
1980
1989
Change
1980
Rate
1990
Rate
Anson
4,190
4,220
0.7%
800
6.4%
539
4.5%
Beaufort
5,380
5,880
9.3
1,130
5.4
1,070
5.4
Bertie
3,160
3,810
20.6
730
7.9
459
5.3
Bladen
3,590
3,580
(0.3)
1,200
8.8
850
6.7
Brunswick
3,210
2,680
(16.5)
1,420
8.4
1,459
7.9
Camden
60
150
150.0
180
7.1
83
3.5
Carteret
1,980
1,530
(22.7)
1,330
8.1
1,062
4.6
Chowan
1,340
1,440
7.5
330
6.5
314
5.6
Columbus
6,030
6,210
3.0
2,020
8.6
1,276
5.8
Craven
4,010
4,600
14.7
1,980
7.0
1,513
4.7
Currituck
150
90
(40.0)
340
6.8
235
2.4
Dare
170
500
194.1
500
7.4
696
4.0
Duplin
4,260
6,300
47.9
1,410
7.9
1,093
4.9
Franklin
2,140
2,050
(4.2)
1,240
10.2
897
4.8
Gates
180
230
27.8
160
5.1
115
3.0
Granville
3,250
5,570
71.4
1,130
7.1
900
4.4
Greene
810
990
22.2
570
6.9
310
3.5
Halifax
6,410
6,310
(1.6)
2,060
9.1
1,397
5.9
Harnett
4,860
4,930
1.4
1,710
6.6
1,257
4.3
Hertford
2,490
2,180
(12.5)
950
7.7
490
5.4
Hoke
2,980
3,610
21.1
630
8.3
595
5.8
Hyde
130
220
69.2
230
7.5
204
9.2
Jones
200
340
70.0
260
6.6
220
4.7
Lenoir
9,030
8,160
(9.6)
2,130
7.2
1,472
5.0
Martin
5,010
4,430
(11.6)
930
7.6
630
5.5
Montgomery
6,250
6,660
6.6
650
6.0
732
5.9
Moore
5,930
6,980
17.7
1,270
5.3
1,124
3.6
Northampton
1,560
1,020
(34.6)
740
8.8
387
5.1
Onslow
3,190
2,980
(6.6)
1,920
7.2
1,543
3.9
Pamlico
520
650
25.0
290
7.0
205
4.4
Pasquotank
1,360
1,120
(17.7)
930
7.4
555
4.2
Pender
640
1,030
60.9
760
8.3
686
4.5
Perquimans
380
450
18.4
220
7.0
147
3.7
Person
4,180
4,640
11.0
1,560
11.0
1,013
6.5
Richmond
6,030
8,140
35.0
1,780
9.5
1,273
5.6
Robeson
13,930
15,220
9.3
4,790
10.4
3,363
7.3
Sampson
5,210
5,040
(3.3)
2,120
8.5
1,090
4.7
Scotland
8,090
7,900
(2.4)
1,450
9.5
1,242
8.0
Tyrrell
130
110
(15.4)
200
13.8
208
14.1
As a region, the
Vance
6,100
7,190
17.9
1,600
9.0
1,556
8.2
East outpaced the
Warren
1,180
1,600
35.6
480
8.1
416
5.3
state and nation
Washington
540
510
in creating
(5.6)
460
6.6
261
4.7
manufacturing
Wayne
8,980
9,370
4.3
2,740
7.0
2,208
4.8
jobs. But many
East
of its counties
149,220
160,620
7.6
49,330
7.9
37,145
5.2
missed out on the
North Carolina
820,000
871,100
6.2
187,000
6.5
139,000
4.1
'80s boom.
United States
20,285,000
19,442,000
(4.2)
7,637,000
7.1
6,874,000
5.5
BUSINESS / NORTH CAROLINA
50
Average annual wage
Total personal income
Retail sales
Real increase
1990
Real increase
1990
Real increase
1989
from 1980
(in 000s)
from 1980
(in 000s)
from 1980
$15,734
2.7%
$306,183
19.4%
$110,563
(7.6)%
16,693
1.4
554,599
14.2
333,998
(6.7)
14,180
5.1
247,016
22.0
62,792
(23.0)
16,195
5.9
341,865
14.7
164,355
22.5
20,430
(0.4)
597,692
59.4
339,802
81.8
13,743
6.1
81,246
16.7
14,102
(3.4)
13,362
(3.6)
698,243
38.0
457,743
51.6
15,948
5.8
174,763
27.3
86,089
(8.0)
16,970
1.8
584,220
12.7
327,577
(8.5)
18,687
1.4
1,125,648
31.3
558,266
7.7
14,550
8.5
180,534
36.8
88,729
23.6
14,429
19.8
331,998
107.1
456,290
174.1
15,222
10.0
454,335
25.0
210,363
(21.6)
14,442
3.7
420,544
38.0
155,132
(3.8)
14,107
0.1
121,607
29.1
35,309
20.7
18,207
9.8
500,473
40.1
178,625
11.6
15,102
14.5
181,176
9.1
52,276
3.6
16,125
0.7
664,896
19.1
393,466
(3.8)
15,068
3.7
749,190
27.2
362,384
9.9
14,586
4.1
276,105
12.4
204,101
5.6
15,976
4.6
222,459
30.3
62,275
(9.0)
12,352
(0.0)
67,402
9.3
29,659
6.5
14,167
(0.7)
106,718
6.9
38,009
4.1
16,597
(3.1)
799,482
14.5
498,573
(6.0)
18,994
3.1
339,495
17.9
157,937
(17.5)
15,050
3.4
290,166
22.7
134,355
5.9
16,128
6.1
1,053,689
51.7
484,000
37.7
14,891
11.5
256,750
14.0
55,982
(44.3)
13,989
(7.6)
1,553,697
43.1
640,676
18.7
12,024
(1.7)
141,080
17.7
42,404
21.1
15,596
5.4
395,490
20.0
292,752
15.2
13,446
3.7
359,275
49.6
101,288
13.7
12,027
(5.5)
126,706
41.1
31,604
(37.2)
16,560
2.5
382,601
22.7
178,379
3.7
15,730
0.4
549,213
16.9
291,217
7.3
15,438
6.8
1,061,626
15.2
657,603
12.5
14,888
0.8
592,641
13.8
273,523
(15.5)
17,599
1.8
413,364
14.1
237,042
4.0
14,954
16.9
42,719
20.0
18,112
(18.4)
15,532
1.6
483,157
23.6
301,545
11.6
14,107
6.2
193,412
19.9
58,613
(9.7)
13,840
(0.6)
172,999
10.8
75,848
(24.3)
16,038
1.9
1,291,344
17.9
840,779
15.2
15,342
3.5
19,487,818
26.2
10,094,137
10.0
19,302
8.0
100,417,638
33.0
64,691,006
19.3
22,120
5.5
4,662,698,000
29.3
1,807,219,000
25.8
APRIL 1992
51
ECONOMIC AIMANAC
Wages were bottom rung at
Imperial, but the unskilled have
HORIZON BOOKS
few choices. They found work in a
No refunds or exchanges without receipt
factory that timed trips to the bathroom
68256
8:23 pm 04/13/92
and had a history of disregard for safety.
S MAGAZINES
1@ 2.95 2.95
SUBTOTAL
TAX
2.95
TOTAL
.18
lucky," says Johnny S. Sutton, the county's
CASH PAYMENT
3.13
industrial-development director. "For rural
CHANGE
3.25
.12
areas, in terms of creating new jobs, I think
Thank you, please come again!
we stack up to most rural areas of the state
- non-metro, non-interstate areas."
"As a rule, the people in the county are
hungry for opportunity," says Steve Shelton,
who was manager of the Rockingham
county school aaministrator. musuy 1100
Stainless Steel plant, which closed last year.
sort of forsaken this town." Workers had
"Around here, a lot of people feel they're
little choice about settling for jobs at Impe-
lucky to get a job."
rial, he says. "They haven't got any other
Once, Hamlet distinguished itself from
place to work." Employment is scarce even
the rest of the Richmond County. It was a
for those who go off to college. Mask raised
company town - the company being the
two sons - now both doctors — and a
Seaboard Air Line Railroad and its succes-
daughter. None plans to return to Hamlet.
sors - to which nearly every family had a
"Ain't nothing to come back to," he says.
tie. But railroads declined, eroding Hamlet's
"Really, they would come back if there was
identity. Today its children attend county
something to come back to."
schools, and the county has one chamber of
A couple of miles from his house, tucked
commerce, one community college and one
in the rear of the train depot on the south
industrial-development director.
end of Main Street, the National Railroad
"We have a broader-based economy,"
Museum exults in the town's history as a
Mayor Covington says. "It's not just the
rail center. "Oh, lordy, we just got history
railroad anymore. There are industries
goin' to bed!" says Julius A. Crowell, the 76-
around the perimeter of town, and that's a
year-old retired conductor who mans the
blessing, because as the economy changes,
place on weekends. At the slightest urging,
the changes in one industry don't close us."
he will start up a model of the Orange
She points to plants such as Owens-
Blossom Special, filling the museum air with
Illinois, which opened north of Hamlet in
the music of a steam engine's whistle.
1983 to produce plastic bottle caps, and BEA
That used to be the sound of money in
Fasteners Inc., which has made metal
Hamlet, which became a railroad hub before
fasteners for more than 12 years at a plant in
the turn of the century and remained so
a newly annexed industrial district to the
until well after World War II. The town was
south. Residents routinely commute to work
headquarters for a division of the Seaboard
in other communities, and workers come
Railroad. Crowell remembers when 30 or
from other towns for jobs in Hamlet.
more trains passed the station daily in the
Rockingham, the county seat and popula-
late 1930s. "We had them thick as fleas
tion center of Richmond County, is five
around here," he says.
miles west on U.S. 74, a stretch cluttered
In a sense, even the Imperial plant traces
with fast-food restaurants and shopping
its origin to the railroad. It had been the
BUSINESS / NORTH CAROLINA
52
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ECONOMIC ALMANAC
home of Buttercup Ice Cream Co., whose
grandfather owned the Coca-Cola plant, the
founder came to Hamlet in 1920 after selling
first bottling franchise in North Carolina.
his business in New York. Louis A. Corning
"Everybody who didn't have some connec-
chose Hamlet after picking up a map and
tion with the railroad was odd."
noticing the convergence of rail lines - a
Today, the freight yard, operated by CSX
ready means to distribute his product.
Transportation Co., employs 600, down
From 1900 until the advent of dining cars
from 1,500 just 10 years ago largely because
in the 1930s, trains arriving from five
of transfers, consolidations and reductions
directions stopped at the depot to let
in crew size. And the 92-year-old station is a
passengers eat at the Seaboard Hotel. Later,
mere twice-a-day whistle-stop for Amtrak.
in the 1940s, military troop trains regularly
It's easy to overlook the garden-club wel-
took on crews and supplies there. If a
come to train passengers that the ladies of
tornado went through Hamlet, someone
the town planted 60 years ago on a grassy
once observed, it would stop at the railroad
bank near the depot: a cluster of spirea
station. After World War II, with the decline
bushes spelling out H-A-M-L-E-T.
of train passengers, the focus shifted to a
Meanwhile, Richmond County's
huge freight yard north of town.
economy chugs along on manufacturing.
"Everybody's fathers worked with the
One of the first textile mills in the state was
railroad," says Mayor Covington, whose
built in Rockingham in 1837. An ample
TREND
West of the best
Manufacturing employment
Unemployment
1980
1989
Change
1980
Rate
1990
Rate
Alexander
5,150
5,860
13.8%
1,030
7.5%
611
3.8%
Alleghany
1,360
1,220
(10.3)
170
4.4
195
3.9
Ashe
2,900
3,170
9.3
1,030
10.5
667
5.8
Avery
720
820
13.9
540
8.9
362
4.1
Cherokee
2,880
2,980
3.5
610
8.5
818
8.8
Clay
270
350
29.6
230
9.1
176
5.7
Cleveland
15,550
16,290
4.8
3,790
9.3
2,030
4.7
Graham
1,100
690
(37.3)
480
11.4
444
19.1
Haywood
5,400
4,710
(12.8)
1,720
9.1
1,108
5.2
Jackson
1,720
1,380
(19.8)
1,160
8.4
521
4.2
Macon
1,170
1,180
0.9
590
7.0
435
3.7
Madison
1,040
900
(13.5)
560
6.7
333
4.4
McDowell
10,550
9,380
(11.1)
1,240
6.2
1,092
6.5
Mitchell
1,850
1,980
7.0
440
6.7
447
6.4
Polk
1,160
920
(20.7)
240
4.4
181
3.1
Rutherford
10,360
11,930
15.2
1,850
7.0
1,622
5.3
Swain
1,320
1,220
(7.6)
580
11.8
593
10.3
Transylvania
4,550
3,490
(23.3)
520
4.9
327
3.1
Watauga
1,870
1,450
(22.5)
1,210
7.5
518
2.8
Rural western
Wilkes
9,420
9,990
6.1
counties face
1,630
5.5
1,276
3.9
the same uphill
Yancey
1,080
2,840
163.0
500
8.3
534
4.7
battle for eco-
West
81,420
82,750
1.6
nomic growth
20,120
8.3
14,290
5.2
as their eastern
North Carolina
820,000
871,100
6.2
187,000
6.5
139,000
4.1
neighbors.
National
20,285,000
19,442,000
(4.2)
7,637,000
7.1
6,874,000
5.5
BUSINESS / NORTH CAROLINA
54
water supply from the Pee Dee River and a
The family-owned company, then based
large, willing work force made the county a
in Moosic, Pa., expanded to the South along
textile center. The small, crumbling houses
with other poultry processors searching for
and bare yards hugging the narrow streets
cheap labor and a convenient source of
of East Rockingham, an unincorporated mill
supply. Imperial, which would later move
village between Hamlet and the county seat,
its headquarters to Georgia, kept its eye on
are a bleak reminder of that heritage.
the bottom line, looking to get the most out
In 1979, Richmond County mills em-
of its workers. No hoopla accompanied its
ployed 3,480. By 1990, the number had
opening. There was no story in the local
dropped 9%, to 3,180. As a percentage of
newspaper, and owner Emmett J. Roe
total employment, though, the change has
refused an invitation to join the Richmond
been more dramatic. Textiles provided 52%
County Chamber of Commerce.
of the county's manufacturing jobs in 1979;
Though chicken from Imperial was a
in 1990, just 38%. Traditional cotton mills
regular item on county school-lunch menus,
were not the source of most new jobs in the
Joseph W. Grimsley, president of nearby
1980s. Instead, the largest new manufactur-
Richmond Community College, was - like
ers were big apparel operations and food
many - barely aware of its existence. "It
processors. In Hamlet, Imperial's chicken-
really was a very self-contained operation,"
processing plant was a major employer.
he says. "We invite people to various events.
Average annual wage
Total personal income
Retail sales
Real increase
1990
Real increase
1990
Real increase
1989
from 1980
(in 000s)
from 1980
(in 000s)
from 1980
$15,908
10.2%
$385,985
33.6%
$107,063
18.3%
13,300
9.7
117,586
16.4
46,127
0.6
14,259
1.4
262,758
27.7
127,932
14.4
14,304
1.8
173,508
29.0
107,369
42.6
14,488
9.3
233,614
34.5
136,725
11.8
13,584
6.5
79,713
32.3
25,841
(20.5)
18,293
6.7
1,255,283
21.8
692,297
22.3
13,573
(6.8)
63,627
(11.8)
28,422
(13.3)
18,717
(4.7)
642,158
15.0
380,012
20.3
15,646
5.5
327,046
26.2
180,837
49.1
14,772
1.4
309,260
37.1
200,369
32.6
14,493
7.5
188,130
17.0
49,970
(1.0)
16,146
(7.5)
423,109
10.5
202,626
5.9
14,390
(4.7)
165,935
9.2
104,411
(7.0)
14,157
6.5
262,219
39.1
58,196
1.7
17,037
5.6
771,157
23.2
489,955
41.9
12,088
(4.8)
104,104
12.3
56,280
(5.0)
21,117
(9.3)
365,413
23.7
138,427
10.9
15,473
7.3
422,076
34.3
352,244
45.1
16,625
2.2
827,964
24.2
393,621
11.0
16,650
18.4
183,731
39.1
64,962
16.6
15,477
2.8
7,564,376
23.6
3,943,686
22.0
19,302
8.0
100,417,638
33.0
64,691,006
19.3
22,120
5.5
4,662,698,000
29.3
1,807,219,000
25.8
APRIL 1992
55
ECONOMIC ALMANAC
These people never showed up for anything
president of Perdue Farms Inc. in Salisbury,
we have done."
Md., the nation's second-largest poultry
But workers showed up at Imperial's
producer, which has 3,700 employees and
door. Wages were bottom rung, but those
500 growers in North Carolina.
without skills have few choices. They found
Its employees are primarily women and
work in a factory that timed their trips to the
minorities. Perdue has stepped up its hiring
bathroom, that had a history of disregard for
of Hispanics, increasingly a source of cheap
safety, that regularly polluted the town's
labor across the state. "They are industrious
sewer system with clumps of grease the size
folks," notes Wayne T. Burgess, complex
of cannonballs. These were people so job-
manager for Perdue in Rockingham, "and
hungry they would tolerate grim conditions,
we are well-pleased with the Hispanics we
battering chicken near a 375-degree fryer or
have hired."
standing in an ice-cold packing room,
Like Perdue, other low-wage employers
breaking up, weighing and boxing frozen
have no problem filling jobs in Richmond
chunks of meat.
County. At Bowling Green, Ky.-based Union
After the fire, some of the workers went
Underwear's Fruit of the Loom plant,
to Perdue, the county's largest poultry
hundreds of women bend over sewing
processor. Its Rockingham plant employs
machines as they work through piles of
850, who slaughter, process and package
white cotton in a huge, hangar-like room.
500,000 roasters every week. For every
The plant employs 1,600, down from 2,100
applicant the company hires, it turns away
in mid-1990, but it remains among the
four others, many of whom would travel 20
largest employers. Workers, about 70% of
miles or more for the work.
them women, are paid on an incentive basis.
Workers, paid $6.05 an hour on day shift
They go through a half-million pounds of
and $6.15 at night, look like extensions of
yarn a week, turning out more sweat shirts
the machinery that keeps lines of chickens
Even in its
and sweat pants than any other Fruit of the
peak year, all
moving overhead and along conveyor belts.
Loom plant in the world.
the construction
The plant is increasingly automated, but
When it opened in 1986, the plant
in the 64 rural
expansion has allowed employment to
installed some of the most modern equip-
counties never
matched that
double in the past six years. "We've worked
ment in the industry, manager William A.
built in just the
very hard to locate in areas that have a good
Tucker says. Some jobs, such as cutting
Triangle.
labor force," says Larry K. Winslow, vice
fabric, are performed entirely by machines.
It is a clean plant, with employee bowling,
TREND
golf and volleyball teams. Yet Fruit of the
Bouncing back?
Loom provokes mixed feelings in Richmond
County. In a sense, it represents a step
Value of all construction, from building permits
(in millions)
backward, a failure that still stings.
$1,300
In this plant, a mostly male work force
once made truck and bus transmissions for
South Bend, Ind.-based Clark Equipment
Co. Clark's ballyhooed arrival in Richmond
1,200
County in 1974 was part of a migration to
the South, where low wage scales and a
non-union work force beckoned industry.
Although Richmond County was late to
benefit from the trend, Clark was a break-
1,100
through, promising a new level of skills and
wages for its workers.
It didn't last. Pressured by foreign
competition, Clark closed in 1986. After its
1,000
1984
1986
1988
1990
departure, the county's average weekly
BUSINESS / NORTHCAROLINA
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ECONOMIC ALMANAC
manufacturing wage dropped from $307.93
nouncements in the 1980s. In 1989, for
to $282.57. The vacant building attracted a
instance, nearly three of every four new
parade of high-powered prospects, and
industries that came to North Carolina chose
some people were disappointed when it was
metropolitan areas or those with interstates.
bought by Union Underwear, whose pay
Given the Imperial fiasco, it would be
scale did not match Clark's. Richmond
easy to conclude that the county has sought
County, one woman complained in the
jobs at any cost. Sutton, however, bridles at
newspaper, was "too good for a sewing
that suggestion. If county leaders had that
plant or cotton mill."
attitude, he says, they wouldn't be fighting a
But Sutton, the industrial-development
proposed low-level radioactive waste
director, responded that the county was
landfill near Hamlet, even though it could
dependent on textiles and apparel for its
produce jobs.
economic survival. "We should remember
"Our position in this office - and it has
that it's fine to pet a new puppy," he said at
been supported basically by both the county
the time, "but we should never bite the hand
commissioners and the chamber of com-
that feeds us."
merce - is that we are willing to sit down
and talk to any company that is willing to
he county had 8,420 manufacturing jobs in
make an investment and create jobs in
1990, an increase of nearly 29% from 1978.
Richmond County," he says. "But we have
But it is still playing catch-up from the
not taken the position that growth or job
recession of the early 1980s. In 1990, 21,318
creation or investment is an absolute,
Richmond County residents had jobs - just
unconditional goal."
12% more than in 1978. As late as 1979,
The lack of a skilled and educated work
Sutton says, the county did not have a
force also hasn't done anything to attract
"showable industrial site" with rail, water
electronics or other high-tech manufacturing
and sewer services. Since then, the county
operations, according to a study of the
has poured resources into building its
county's economy in the mid-1980s. The
infrastructure by expanding the capacity of
study, by MDC Inc. of Chapel Hill for the
water systems and extending sewer to
North Carolina Commission on Jobs and
industrial clusters.
Economic Growth, did applaud the county
"Of course, by the time we got in posi-
for recognizing the need to improve work-
tion to really accommodate job growth in
ers' training and education.
terms of relocations, everybody quit relocat-
The county schools and Richmond
ing," Sutton says. "That's not totally the
Community College have pioneered pro-
case, but the trend is obvious." As a result,
grams aimed at increasing students' techni-
economic-development efforts concentrate
cal skills. A Tech Prep program readies
on expanding smaller businesses and
high-school students to enter the commu-
encouraging home-grown industry.
nity college. The companion Occu Prep
In lowered voices, some in Richmond
program is geared toward students who go
County are quick to blame sinister forces.
directly from schoolhouse to factory. "We've
They suspect that Republicans in Raleigh
been able to catapult a lot of students into
steer new industry away from the heavily
more rigorous academic pursuits," says M.
Democratic county. Others figure that local
Doug James, superintendent of the county
business leaders contrive to keep out high-
schools. In 1986, for instance, fewer than half
paying jobs to keep wages down. But the
of high-school students took Algebra I. At
problem is not the result of a conspiracy.
last count, 71% took the course.
Richmond County is missing two entice-
If the picture is improving, it is also
ments essential to many industries: an
because existing industries are starting to
interstate highway and a commercial
demand workers who can do more than run
airport. That's typical of other rural areas
sewing machines or arrange chicken pieces.
that saw a decline in new-industry an-
By one study, 80% of the jobs of the future
BUSINESS / NORTH CAROLINA
58
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Are you in danger of losing
will require workers with 13.5 years
your local, state or
of education. And that, says Hall of
federal contract?
the Rural Economic Development
Center, poses a particular challenge
for rural areas, which must find
Identifying socially disadvantaged or women owned firms for compliance
ways to finance education for its
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Some of today's plants, even in
mainframe programs and support
traditional industries, are techno-
productivity software
logical wonders, says Ralph S.
PCs and accessories
Robertson, principal of Richmond
Network installation and maintenance
Senior High School. "The textile
We're certified by the N.C. Department of Purchasing, the Carolinas
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Minority Suppliers Development Council and the City of Charlotte Purchas-
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mills, and I would be pleased for
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being forced to remake its work
force as industries remake them-
selves. The shift means a decline in
demand for those with few skills
The Wake Forest MBA Executive Program
and little training, the traditional
bulk of the county's workers. The
question is, what will happen to
For managers and
Classes meet Saturdays
executives with 7 or
those unable to keep up?
and occasional Fridays
"We've got a very large group of
more years of experience
The Southeast's oldest
people who are invisible until
something brings them out, and
Program can be
executive MBA program
what brings them out is the oppor-
completed in 20 months
and ranked in the top
tunity to work," Grimsley says. If
20 nationally
Imperial reopened today, he says,
"there are probably another thou-
For Information Contact:
WAKE FOREST
sand people in the county who
would still work there."
Executive Program
UNIVERSITY
1900-A Reynolda Road
Jane Ruffin is a staff writer for The
Winston-Salem, NC 27106
News & Observer of Raleigh.
1-800-428-6012
MBA
APRIL 1992
61
MONEY MATTERS
some have even doubled in value.
Others, such as the 1983 "Some-
Art appreciation?
where in Time," an outdoor still life
featuring a quilt and basket at the
base of a tree, have sold for as much
as $2,200, the company says.
Lanny McNeely of Wee Mount-
J
N-Frame Ltd. in Hickory carries an
extensive stock of Timberlake prints.
"Lawyers and doctors and heads of
oe Vale considers himself an
rine expect it to perform like shares
corporations buy Timberlakes, and
investor. He collects gnomes - -
in Duke Power Co.? "The more you
so do hourly employees at furniture
1,400 at last count.
approach it as a business and under-
factories," he reports.
Vale, a former radio-station
stand values and pricing, the better
McNeely notes that appreciation
owner and retired import and steel
you'll do at it," says Larry Carroll, a
can be rapid in the active secondary
executive now living in Gaston
Charlotte financial planner. "It's a
market. The three prints issued in
County, estimates that he has spent
tough market for a novice."
$35,000 to $40,000 on Davidson
With his finely controlled
sculptor Tom Clark's ceramic
distribution system and
gnomes since buying his first in
business offshoots, Tim-
1987 for his daughter-in-law.
berlake is more an industry
Judging by figures from Davidson's
than an artist, some claim. He
Cairn Studio Ltd., which distributes
sells his original watercolors
the gnomes, Vale says his collection
through The Heritage Co. of
is probably worth $250,000 now.
Lexington and its Heritage
"They're great investments - - better
Gallery. An 8-by-10-inch work
than money in the bank," he insists.
typically costs about $5,000,
Both Clark and Lexington artist
and an 18-by-30-inch painting
Bob Timberlake command that kind
can fetch $30,000.
of loyalty. Whether you call their
The company also releases
work art, craft or even kitsch,
three or four limited editions
they're undeniably popular, luring
of offset reproductions a year.
thousands of collectors nationwide.
It sells some through "time-
1991 for $235 each
Plenty of people believe in the
limited" release, under which
now sell for $400
investment power of these pieces.
it accepts orders for seven or
to $450, and the
But can a purchaser of a Timberlake
eight weeks, then produces just
three sold in 1990, also for $235, go
duck print or a Clark gnome figu-
enough to satisfy demand. Other
for $900, $500 and $360, he says.
releases are printed in lots of 1,000.
Since October 1990, fans have
Half go to a network of 46 dealers
been able to turn their homes into
from Georgia to Michigan, and the
Timberlake tableaux through The
others are sold through Heritage.
Bob Timberlake Collection Inc.
Heritage keeps a list of 10,000 to
With Lexington Furniture Co.,
12,000 active buyers, business
Timberlake has developed a 200-
manager Frank Stoner says.
piece line of furniture and uphol-
Prints from Timberlake's first
stery that surpassed first-year sales
release went for $35 in 1971. Today,
projections.
new prints will set you back $235
Issuing works in limited editions
each. According to the company, all
is also a strategy of Cairn Studio,
71 Timberlake reproductions to date
Clark's distributor. Though Clark
have appreciated after sellout, and
has created nearly 600 figurines
PHOTOGRAPHY BY MAURY FAGGART
BUSINESS / NORTH CAROLINA
62
NC
H O M E
a beautiful new magazine that opens the doors of North Carolina's most exquisite,
elegant new homes and grand old bouses, its country cottages and rustic retreats.
From inspired architecture to luxurious landscapes, the simple enticements to the
treasured collections, each issue makes a statement of style that says NC HOME.
Don't miss an issue! Save nearly a third off the newsstand price by calling
(704) 523-9560 today.
WE PROTECT THE
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Having been a sailor, rough conditions are nothing new to Joe Cancilla. But opening his own
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there, and made it through.
For Joe, Windhaven is the most important business in the world. And his Nationwide
Insurance Agent shares that feeling. That's why she took the time to study Joe's business in detail and
develop a specific program to cover it. It's why she's always there when Joe needs help with a claim,
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And since Nationwide carries the highest financial rating available, we'll be able to protect Joe
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NATIONWIDE
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Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company and Affiliated Companies, Home Office: Columbus, OH 43216 Nationwide® is a registered federal service
mark of Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company © 1992, Nationwide Insurance Company.
MONEY MATTERS
since he started selling his work 14
perceptions." Promotion helps those
years ago, only about 300 pieces are
perceptions along. Clark, a former
"active" - that is, in production.
Davidson College religion professor,
The gnomes and his other ceramic
makes about 120 personal appear-
figures are "retired" after two to
ances a year. Timberlake cultivates
five years — he stops making them.
media attention with promotional
Retail prices range from $13 to $750.
materials and books.
Though the company won't
As investments, many of these
comment, Vale estimates Cairn
works have clearly outpaced more
produces 2,500 to 3,000 of most
conventional choices. For example,
pieces, though some are rarer. At its
Carroll says, Duke Power stock can
Mooresville plant, the figures are
be expected to appreciate perhaps
hand-cast from original masters out
70% to 100% over five years, far
of a compound of resins, crushed
slower than the rate for the most
pecan-shell flour and wood chips.
popular Clark gnomes or Timber-
According to Joe Poteat, owner
lake prints in recent years.
W
ecan design a program to help your
company build more productive,
and president of Cairn, average
However, there's an important
creative and cohesive team. Negotiate a
appreciation for a Clark gnome is 12
difference between the two kinds of
ropes course, paddle a whitewater river
or scale a rock face en route to enhanced
times its last retail price before
investments: liquidity. "If I own
problem solving, communication and
retirement. Carol Spear-Hemlein,
Duke Power stock I can sell it this
stress management skills. 704488-2175
buyer for Calabash Nautical Gifts in
afternoon in an organized liquid
market, as opposed to scouring the
Nantahala Outdoor Center
Calabash, says the biggest jump in
value for a figure she's handled was
country for a buyer," Carroll says.
41 Hwy 19W, Bryson City, NC 28713-9114
for "Dusty," depicting a West
The collectibles and popular-art
Virginia coal miner. It originally
markets can be dauntingly capri-
went for $40, but she later sold one
cious. Appreciation expectations are
CAPE FEAR
on the secondary market for $3,750.
based on the assumption that the
Under the highly organized
artist will retain a following.
Cairn system, the purchaser of each
Serious collectors are aware that
COAST.
gnome fills out a card identifying
some artists thrive on hype. "If you
himself, listing the price paid and
give me $250,000 to advertise a
The Best Place
indicating whether he would ever
champagne gallery opening to the
For A Drive!
consider selling. The card is sent to
right people, I could have dried
CAPE FEAR COAST CONVENTION
Cairn by the dealer, where the infor-
buffalo chips spotlighted on pedes-
& VISITORS BUREAU
mation is used to track price move-
tals for $30,000 a piece, and people
Wilmington Wrightsville Beach
Carolina Beach
Kure Beach
ments and help buyers seeking
would buy them," says Jerald
24 N. THIRD ST. WILMINGTON, NC 28401
particular pieces. The owner
Melberg, who owns Jerald Melberg
800-222-4757
receives a certificate of authenticity
Gallery in Charlotte. "That's human
919-341-4030
that transfers to subsequent pur-
nature. People buy the hype."
chasers like the title of a car.
Few art dealers or museums
Can a collector count on selling
would classify works by Timberlake
at these appreciated prices? Vale
or Clark as fine art. "Timberlake is a
points out that new enthusiasts are
fairly decent illustrator. But art, for
N.C.
constantly pushing up the prices of
me, has to go beyond a depiction of
retired gnomes, and the company
something," Melberg says. "If
recently began selling in Britain,
people want to collect gnomes,
expanding the pool of buyers.
that's great, but let's not call them
Of course, there are no guaran-
art. Let's call them what they are:
tees. Poteat concedes, "The second-
collectible tchotchkes."
ary market is all based on investors'
- Andrea Cooper
APRIL 1992
65
DRIVING AMBITION
parts bins were everywhere: head-
up display, pneumatic adjusting
Will GM get it in gear?
seats, auto climate, high-line Delco
stereo, power everything, mirrors,
map pockets, lamps and cruise —
the works. Despite this iron-filings-
to-magnet method of accessorizing,
the build quality seemed excellent
- no rattles, squeaks or other rude
noises. Garish body-colored rocker
arrived all shiny and new, a sea-
The LQ1 is GM's belated foray
panels and moldings completed this
foam-green Olds Cutlass, smelling
into dual overhead cam, small-block
tricked-out highway cruiser.
of saddle soap and good intentions,
technology, and though it arrives
True, it was cramped and vulgar,
motoring on little cat feet up my
pathetically late in the global
but the CS International certainly
driveway. It left five days later on a
smaller-is-just-as-good marketplace,
had this loyal American's attention.
flatbed trailer, its butt hoisted
it's a sound power plant, with
Then, things started to go very,
unceremoniously into the wind.
excellent weight-to-power ratio and
very wrong.
In between, it broke my heart.
smooth delivery of torque.
It had rained all day in the
God knows, I want to love
The I-series Cutlass sits on a
Capital City. The Cutlass sat on the
American cars. Next to world peace
performance-minded independent
top level of the parking deck outside
and being Kim Basinger's luffa,
suspension, with beefed-up struts
my office. When I got in at 6, I
there are few things I want more.
and stabilizer bars, and is shod with
reached for my parking stub in the
And lately, I've hit a string of
adhesive 16-inch tires. Anti-lock
visor. It fell apart in my hands, a
superbly executed domestics — the
four-wheel discs behind alloy
sopping wet mass of cardboard.
Saturn sports coupe, the Bonneville
wheels round out the performance
After a quick inspection, the cause
SSEi and Cadillac STS, to name a
specs. As a sports coupe, the Cutlass
was obvious: A misplaced wind-
few. For a while there, my true-blue
is more than just specs. The dual
shield molding had drunk in a day's
heart soared. Yes, I thought, finally
cammer started smoothly and
worth of rainwater. The car's ceiling
General Motors was getting it right.
pulled strongly, and handling
At last, I could say with pride,
seemed sure and steady. I pushed
"Make mine American!"
the CSI through my favorite
The Oldsmobile has done to
offramp at 65 mph, keeping the car
Cutlass Supreme
those sentiments what truck tires do
just at breakaway limits, with lots of
to box turtles.
tire screaming and tail-out postur-
Base price: $21,795
The car in question is a Cutlass
ing. There was very little twist and
Supreme International Series - a
body roll.
Engine: V-6, dual overhead
hopped and dropped version of the
So, even though the ride left
cam, 138 cubic inches
front-drive Cutlass, circa 1988. Fore-
something - namely comfort and
Horsepower: 210
most in improvements for '92 is the
quiet - to be desired, all-around
Top speed: 116 miles per hour
LQ1 motor, a 3.4-liter, 210-horse-
performance was pretty darn good.
0-60 mph: 9 seconds
power mill that whips the ponies to
As in all GM products, gadgets
EPA city/highway: 17/27 miles
the tune of 6,000
and gimmicks culled from
per gallon
rpms.
the intradivision
Test weight: 3,221 pounds
Suspension: Fully independent with
MacPherson struts
Wheelbase: 107.5 inches
Length: 193.9 inches
1/4-mile time: 16 seconds
BUSINESS/ NORTHCAROLINA
66
became soaked, and when the sun
geopolitical economies and multi-
and for years to come. For me-
came out, condensation formed
national corporations. But it seems
flag-fearing, God-waving American
great dewy clouds inside the car.
to me the Big Three - and espe-
that I am - the Cutlass episode fills
This car had less than 2,000 miles
cially GM - are losing the trade
me with bang-my-head-on-the-dash
on it and already had its own
war not in the stratospheric heights
frustration. As the Tennessee-bred
microclimate.
of global commerce but down along
Saturn proves, GM can build a
Several days later, my son, Hank,
the sides of American roads.
dependable automobile.
and I headed for the Atlantic in the
Every time someone like me gets
Dear GM, take a hint from Nike:
now-damp Olds. In Goldsboro, I
left walking by an American car,
"Just do it."
noticed the oil-pressure warning
that's one less customer, for now
- Dan Neil
light flashing. Great, I thought, a
blown seal. I stopped, examined the
exhaust for blue smoke, turned off
the car and checked the oil level,
WE HAVE TO START
gaskets and temperature - the
usual suspects. The oil level was
low, so I put in a quart of 10W-30
MEETING LIKE THIS.
and headed East.
The next day, on the way back,
Amid the pines and rolling hills
the oil-pressure gauge again slipped
of North Carolina you'll find a
into the red. Only then did I remem-
ber that I had no money and no
place with all the charm and
credit cards. Panic set in. Facing the
elegance you expect of a premier
prospect of being stranded broke on
southern resort, Mid Pines.
the highway with a 6-year-old boy
after dark in the rain, I decided that
For business gatherings of all kinds, you'll find
- whatever the matter was - I'd
Mid Pines perfect. With a vintage Donald Ross golf
drive until the car quit or blew up.
course, truly superb dining, tennis,
Eighty nerve-racking miles later,
and swimming, Mid Pines will make
I pulled the CSI into the garage, and
the day after, the flatbed truck
a lasting impression on everyone.
arrived. Good riddance, I thought.
Charming fairway villas specifi-
A couple of weeks later, I
cally accommodated for group
inquired after our beleaguered
Cutlass and learned that it was a
gatherings will make your
bad sensor that had caused the
business meetings
problem, and my son and I were
much more
never in danger of being stranded.
The same problem, however, had
enjoyable
cropped up again with a new sensor
and productive.
and with another auto critic. (Hey,
Have your next
you can't buy that kind of press.)
Only then did GM realize it had put
meeting amid
out a service bulletin advising the
the pines.
entire oil-pressure circuit be re-
placed. If this is the kind of attention
GM gives auto writers, imagine
MID PINES
GOLFRESORT & CONFERENCE CENTER
what sort of treatment the average
A Classic Designed by Donald Ross.
car buyer receives.
SOUTHERN PINES, NORTH CAROLINA
Call Holly for reservations.
I don't know much about
800-323-2114
APRIL 1992
67
Introducing North Carolina's
Two New Port Cities.
Charlotte and Greensboro.
The Savings Offered By Our Intermodal Terminals Bring
North Carolina's Coastline Nearly 200 Miles Inland.
Chances are that when you think of North Carolina's
and arrange overland transportation to and from these
Ports, you think of Wilmington and Morehead City, but
Intermodal Terminals and our Coastal Port Facilities.
actually our Intermodal Facilities Network reaches
We'd like to show you exactly how these Inland
much farther. In effect, our Intermodal Terminals in
Ports can make more dollars and sense for your
Charlotte and Greensboro move our ports nearly 200
business. Call our Business Development Office toll
miles inland. This means importers
free at 1-800-334-0682 and ask for
and exporters in North Carolina and
the Market Research Division.
neighboring states need only get
North
We'll send you a customized
goods to or from these two inland
cost comparison chart based on the
cities-we'll take it from there. For
Carolina
import/export needs of your
one low, fixed fee, we'll store, stage
individual business.
Ports
Your Ports Of Opportunity TM
P.O. Box 9002, Wilmington, NC 28402
1-800-334-0682
(919) 763-1621
FAX (919) 763-6440
EXPENSE ACCOUNT DINING
the best food in town," he says.
Over the five decades since
Hartman's steaks
"Mom" and "Pop" Hartman opened
a one-room grill next door to their
its claim to fame
house in east Durham in 1940,
governors, chancellors, coaches,
CEOs, ballplayers, tobacco workers,
C
reds, yellows, blacks and whites
have devoured Hartman's stick-to-
the-ribs fare.
ross the threshold at
2-pound T-bone for $3.50. A ham-
Sonny Jurgenson, the Wilming-
Hartman's Steak House in Durham
burger is a quarter. The portions
ton native and former Duke quarter-
and you enter a time warp. Truman
hark back to a time when meat was
back, always checks to make sure a
is still president. The Dodgers call
measured by the pound rather than
1961 photo of his Philadelphia
Brooklyn home. Cars have running
milligrams of cholesterol.
Eagles team is on display. Owner
boards, and rock has yet to roll.
Forty-one years later, only the
Jack Markham, son-in-law of the
Here, you will find no angel-hair
prices have changed. Everything
founders, is careful never to discuss
pasta or pesto. No sushi or black-
else about Hartman's is about the
basketball when Carolina coach
ened redfish. Don't expect a "spe-
same - a place where you can get a
Dean Smith visits during the
cials" board at the entrance or a
big hunk of red meat served with-
summer. "He'll talk about the
waiter with a ponytail.
out any frills.
weather, anything, but he doesn't
But on a wall by the front
"Atmosphere? It's got absolutely
like to talk basketball when he's on
entrance, you'll see a framed menu
zero," says a Durham man who
his own time," Markham says.
from 1950. It lists a pound-and-a-
conducts business there at least once
Then there are the 30,000 or so
half T-bone steak for $2.50 and a
a month. "It may even be minus."
business cards patrons have left for
Then in the next breath, he
display along the foyer walls. The
acknowledges he's
cards hang in long strips taped from
been eating there
ceiling to floor. Some are in Japa-
for more than
nese. There are cards from England
30 years.
and India, from an antiques dealer
"It's got
in Northport, N.Y., and a car sales-
man in Cincinnati.
"People ask sometimes, 'What's
1703 Hartman's Steak House
the most important card we have?"
(919) 688-7639
E. Geer St., Durham
Markham says. "I say, 'Yours is the
most important."
Service
"You'll see a bank president at
Food
one table and a truck driver at the
next," says Tom Kenan of Kenan
Menu variety
Transport in Chapel Hill. Kenan
Ambiance
remembers his father, Frank, taking
the family often to Hartman's.
Parking
"Hartman's was a family affair," he
No reservations accepted
says. "The owners and the wait-
Poor All major credit cards accepted
resses knew everybody by name.
They never forgot a face."
=
Outstanding
Hartman's remains a throwback
=
IIIII
to the days when America was a
meat-and-potatoes society and
when you only learned about
APRIL 1992
69
EXPENSE - A C O N T DINING
saturated fats if you went to medical
rant's no-frills charm. It's all a la
That kind of thing.
school. But the cars still line up on
carte, meaning you get what you
I knew what I wanted without
both sides of East Geer Street along
order, nothing else. There are no
looking: the T-bone, a small order of
about supper time, just as they have
fancy names, no adjective-bloated
French-fried onions ($1.60) and a
done for decades. The one-story,
descriptions. Just two facing pages
lettuce-and-tomato salad ($1.80). My
cement-block building is actually a
listing food and prices: medium T-
wife, Catherine, decided on lamb
conglomeration of additions to the
bone, $16; ham steak, with or with-
chops ($16.75) and a lobster cocktail
original diner and even includes the
out pineapple, $9.75; pork chops,
($5.50). In no time, Dee, our quiet
Hartmans' old house.
pan-fried, $10.75; fried shrimp,
and efficient waitress, returned with
The menu attests to the restau-
$11.85; toasted garlic bread, $.75.
our drinks.
Hartman's offers cocktails,
domestic and imported beers and
several dozen wines. We ordered
Piesporter Michelsberg Spätlese
($13.75) because Catherine likes it.
So what if it wasn't red? It tastes
good, and no one here is going to
Check Out Time Is All Day
sneer at you for ordering the
"wrong" wine.
And Into The Night.
Since it was dark, we couldn't
see the small pond in the back of the
restaurant, which sits in a little-
gives you a head start on your
meadow. Until the early 1980s,=
Hartman's staged a nativity scene
way to just about anywhere,
each December near the pond.
There was a little stable and life-size
wooden figurines of Mary, Joseph,
the Baby Jesus and angels. Live
Check Out The Beach.
sheep and cattle milled about to
round out the scene. Once in the
Since there just aren't
'50s a snowstorm kicked up as the
enough hours in the day to
Check Out The Cotton Exchange.
Kenans ate dinner. "The wind blew
see everything in Wilmington,
day or night. So, for your next
so hard one of the angels flew right
over the restaurant," Kenan recalls.
the Hilton cordially invites
vacation, check out the
You'd swear Hartman's is
Wilmington Hilton. Call today
blessed by the heavens when its
for reservations.
well-oiled machine begins cranking
out your order. Ten employees have
worked there between 20 and 40
years, and they know how to turn
around a meal.
Check Out The Carriage Rides.
My onion rings were crunchy
you to spend a couple of nights.
X
WILMINGTON
and heaped on the plate. I had
HILTON
added Special Fried Banana Pep-
Our riverfront location puts you
301 North Water Street
pers ($1.50) on a lark. "Pop" Hart-
in the middle of everything and
Wilmington, N.C. 28401
(919) 763-5900
man and Markham developed those
in the mid-1960s by taking chunks
of pickled banana peppers, dousing
them in the same batter as the
onions and frying them. The result
BUSINESS/ NORTH CAROLINA
70
is a crispy morsel you bite into,
No cookie-cutter
three lamb chops on her plate. The
revealing a tangy burst of flavor
steakhouse with CE
steak was beyond reproach, we
when you reach the pepper.
cafeteria line or
agreed. Catherine said the flavor of
Catherine's lobster cocktail in-
lamb was a bit too gamy for her
cluded a small dish of sweet,
peanuts all over
taste; I thought it a little dry, but
succulent lobster (about a dozen
the floor, I
then I conceded I'm not an expert
bite-sized pieces) and a side of
thought as I took
on lamb and that anything would
cocktail sauce.
the first bite of
pale tonight in competition with
Beef has always been Hartman's
the cow.
hallmark, and I wasn't disappointed
my sizzling 20-
We capped the evening off with
with my sizzling 20-ounce T-bone.
ounce T-bone.
a cup of coffee and a piece of apple
Markham has a middleman who
pie a la mode ($2.50). The coffee
brings aged beef in from the Mid-
was everything a cup of coffee
west. "We pay his price," he says.
I'd be eating the rest of the month.
should be - piping hot and strong.
"We don't shop our meat. It's too
And then I took another bite. And
The pie was also hot and the perfect
important to cut corners."
another. And another.
conclusion to an all-American meal.
My T-bone was cooked to
A pound-and-a-half of meat
With bones for the dogs bagged up,
medium-rare perfection - with a
disappears in no time at Hartman's.
we headed back to Chapel Hill. We
red, hot center. No cookie-cutter
Still, I reserved the right side of the
were fat and happy. And a little
steakhouse with a cafeteria line or
T-bone, the smaller portion of meat
sleepy as well, but I made it all the
peanuts all over the floor, I thought
that more often today becomes filet
way through The Donna Reed Show
as I took my first bite. Then I
mignon - and made a trade with
before nodding off.
thought of all the chicken and fish
Catherine. She gave me one of the
-Lee Pace
City Blues Vs. Country Greens.
If you're looking for an uncrowded
other locations, write Bud Cohoon,
site with unlimited potential, we have
Director of Economic Development,
the answer. Huntersville Business Park,
North Carolina Electric Membership
located off Interstate 77, just 10 miles
Corporation, 3400 Sumner Boulevard,
north of Charlotte, features green-acre
PO Box 27306, Raleigh, NC 27611,
sites. An established office complex. And
or call toll-free, 1-800-662-8835 or
over 700 acres of rolling countryside
1-800-334-2306 (outside NC).
available for commercial or industrial use.
For more information on this and
North Carolina's EMCs
PEOPLE
task: "We're putting on 52 games of
the same magnitude as the Super
A stable business
Bowl and doing it in one month in
12 different cities around the
country."
Since graduating from N.C. State
in 1975 with a degree in environ-
W
mental design/architecture,
Szostak, a Greensboro native, has
built a track record in sports. He
hen Philip Szostak
"It's taking the typical eques-
designed Tad Gormley Stadium in
smacks the polo ball around his 160-
trian center a couple of steps
New Orleans (site of the '92 Olym-
acre horse farm in Carrboro, it's not
further," he says. The 1,600-acre site
pic track-and-field trials) and track
just goofing off. You could call it
in Conyers, Ga., will include two
facilities at several universities - -
research.
outdoor arenas, with 40,000 and
Wake Forest, N.C. State, Iowa State,
From his office in Research
20,000 seats, a 6,000-seat indoor
Minnesota and George Mason.
Triangle Park, Szostak, 38, heads up
arena, 750 stalls, a museum and a
Szostak worked 12 years in his
sports architecture for the national
golf course.
own Chapel Hill practice before
architecture firm NBBJ, which is
Szostak has also been hired to
joining NBBJ in 1990. The North
based in Ohio and Washington.
check out stadiums across the
Carolina office accounted for $2.2
"I consider myself a sportsman,"
country for the 1994 World Cup. It's
million of NBBJ's gross fees of $55
Szostak says. Two current projects
not easy finding large stadiums
million last year.
are particularly dear to his heart. In
suitable for soccer, he says. Soccer
"I probably enjoy doing work in
fall '90, NBBJ was tapped to design
requires a larger field than football,
my home state more than any-
the $30 million equestrian park for
and artificial turf is a no-no.
thing," Szostak says. "I wish there
the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta.
Szostak knows he's facing a big
was more. [But] business is picking
up in North Carolina in the last
couple of months for architecture
For architect
overall."
Philip Szostak,
it pays to be a
good sport.
Mad Max is on
general assignment
He's a career military man with
an aggressive leadership style, but
Maxwell Thurman says he is
adapting to the less rigorous de-
mands of academe.
"I will try to be benevolent and
kind," says the four-star general,
known as Mad Max to his troops.
Thurman, 61, is probably best-
known as the commander of the
U.S. military operation that in 1989
ousted Panamanian dictator Manuel
Noriega.
Now he's rallying different
troops. Retired after a 38-year Army
career, Thurman has served since
fall as executive-in-residence at N.C.
MAURY FAGGART
BUSINESS / NORTH CAROLINA
72
State University's Division of
Economics and Business.
Thurman's military career was
Engineer Glenn
Futrell is not
impressive: He did two tours in
content to coast
Vietnam, became a master para-
in Manteo.
chutist and served as tactics instruc-
tor at West Point, artillery com-
mander for the 82nd Airborne at
Fort Bragg and commanding officer
of Operation Just Cause in Panama.
But that's not how the High
Point native sold himself to NCSU,
where he had graduated with a
degree in chemical engineering in
1953. "I had some major responsi-
bilities in running a major enter-
prise: the U.S. Army Recruiting
PIRATES
Service," he says. "I was the person-
COVE
nel chief of a very large corporation:
the U.S. Army. For four years, I was
the CEO of the Army. So I said to
the people at NCSU, 'Look, maybe I
have something to offer you in the
way you are teaching business,
MAURY FAGGART
strategic-leadership and manage-
through next year, and he admits he
$130,000 to $200,000; houses sell for
ment courses."
has a lot to learn. "I don't pretend to
$225,000 to $500,000.) Futrell spends
As a volunteer at NCSU,
know the culture of universities," he
three to five days a week in Manteo,
Thurman is speaking to students,
says. "I don't have a Ph.D. in any-
flying back and forth from Raleigh
organizing a lecture series, helping
thing except the school of life."
in his single-engine plane.
start an outreach program for local
This isn't exactly what Futrell
business people and advising the
His aim: unfurl sales
had in mind back in 1984 when he
university on its quality-manage-
Pirate's Cove
invested in the project as one of nine
ment curriculum.
partners. "I'd been involved in
Thurman, who lives in northern
What do you do after you build a
development and construction my
Virginia, spends about a week a
successful engineering firm and then
whole career," he says, "just always
month in Raleigh. He's a senior
sell it for $60 million?
on the engineering side, not the
fellow at the Institute of Land
"I didn't want to get into a
development side."
Warfare. The president has ap-
rocking chair," Glenn Futrell says.
After graduating from N.C. State
pointed him to the Panama Canal
But he didn't figure he'd become the
University with a master's in civil
Consultative Committee, which is
managing partner of a Manteo resort
engineering in 1966, Futrell opened
planning for the transfer of the
development during the nation's
a regional office in Raleigh for
canal's ownership to Panama in
worst real-estate slump in decades.
Atlanta-based Law Engineering. He
1999. He also does a lot of motiva-
With two partners, Futrell, 50,
left in 1973 to start his own business,
tional speaking.
owns Pirate's Cove, a 609-acre
Soil and Materials Engineers. In
"What you spend your life
waterfront community on Roanoke
1987, he sold the 1,000-employee
doing in the Army is motivating
Island with 150 houses and town
consulting firm to Westinghouse
people to do tasks that they would
houses, plans for 600 — and sluggish
for "in excess of $60 million," he
not necessarily volunteer to do,
sales. Since 1988, $25 million of
says. He stayed on two years as
which are to go risk their lives."
property has been sold, about 25% of
president, then left to manage his
His gig at NCSU will last
the development. (Condos sell for
investments, including car dealer-
APRIL1992
73
PEOPLE
ships and real-estate partnerships.
partners sold out. Futrell and
operations and launched a national
But one investment needed help:
engineer Lawrence Matthews, a
marketing program. "We're hoping
Pirate's Cove. "In late 1989 and '90, I
former colleague at Westinghouse,
for results in 1992," Futrell says. "$10
began getting a lot more involved in
persuaded Alexander P. Thorpe,
million [in sales] is our goal."
the project. Real estate was not
president of Thorpe & Ricks, a
doing well, and I had a considerable
Rocky Mount tobacco merchandis-
She built career on
investment in the project. I had a
ing company, to invest.
a firm foundation
personal need to get involved."
"This puts the project on a much
In 1990, he took over manage-
sounder financial basis," Futrell
"As soon as I tell people what I
ment, and last fall the original
says. He has reorganized marina
do, especially women, it's a
subject they want to discuss," Mary
Kay Edwards says.
Edwards has no problem men-
From
tioning unmentionables: She's built
her career on them. Last fall,
System Design and Consultation
Edwards, 54, was named president
of Sara Lee Corp.'s Bali lingerie
to Installation and Service
brands in Winston-Salem.
Edwards knows the intimate-
apparel market inside out. The
LONG
Pittsburgh native graduated from
Carlow College with a degree in
home economics, then went to work
in the early '60s at Gimbel's depart-
COMMUNICATIONS GROUP
ment store in Pittsburgh as a buyer
of robes and lounge wear and then
has the solution for your video and audio needs and is
bras and foundation garments. "I
pleased to be authorized sales and service for
really liked the bra area," she says,
and she developed an expertise in
Panasonic
that segment at Gimbel's and later at
Rich's in Atlanta.
Professional/Industrial Video
In the early '70s, she switched to
the manufacturing side, taking a job
MII
in product development with a bra
maker in New York. She rose to
We are now in our new facilities at:
higher positions at several manufac-
turers, including an 11-year stint at
1018 Morrisville Parkway, Suite D
Warner.
Morrisville, North Carolina
Edwards came to Bali in 1990 as
vice president of marketing, mer-
chandising and design. She splits
her time between New York and
Raleigh
Durham
Chapel Hill
Winston-Salem, but plans to move to
919-481-1188
North Carolina this summer.
Bali, which was started in
Billy Register
Tim Rice
Brooklyn, N.Y., was bought by
Hanes Corp. in 1969. Hanes was
Winston-Salem
bought by Sara Lee in '79. Bali has
1-800-255-5664 (NC)
distribution centers in Statesville
and Gastonia and produces gar-
BUSINESS / NORTH CAROLINA
74
Focused on the closely held
business.
ments in Puerto Rico. It won't
disclose revenues.
The nation's largest CPA firm focused
Boosting market share is Ed-
on serving closely held and family owned
businesses. Eleven North Carolina locations.
wards' goal. In most of the nation's
top 50 department stores, Bali is the
biggest-selling brand, she says. "We
Charlotte (704) 333-9003
New Bern (919) 637-5154
want to grow to No. 1 in depart-
Greensboro (919) 273-4461
Raleigh (919) 781-1055
ment stores where we are No. 2."
Greenville (919) 752-0884
McGLADREY& PULLEN
Rocky Mount (919) 446-0111
Hickory (704) 327-4145
Shelby (704) 487-4391
One of her first efforts has been
Morehead City (919) 726-3121
Wilmington (919) 762-9671
to change the labeling and packag-
Winston-Salem (919) 724-3671
ing. "We've got to put information
on our products that tells the
customer what the benefit is," she
Carteret County
says. "If it has a seamless cup, we
need to say it looks good under
North Carolina
smooth knits."
She's hoping her presence as
Bali's first woman president will
Where Business Is A Pleasure
spark customer interest. "Our
consumer responds to the fact that a
woman is in charge behind the
Beautifully situated at the southern tip of
scenes at the company," she says.
North Carolina's famous Outer Banks, Carteret
"I'm the first president since the
County offers a positive climate for business.
company was founded in 1927 who
wears the product."
Carteret County is soliciting companies in
the following fields:
For him, it didn't
pay to advertise
Marine/fishing products and technologies
Ocean research and development
Two weeks after a fire at Impe-
rial Food Products in Hamlet killed
Aquaculture and mariculture
25 people and injured 56, Raleigh
Seafood processing
lawyer Karl Knudsen took out an
Bulk and breakbulk import/export
ad in the Richmond County Journal
Back office industries
urging victims' families to call him
"if I may be of any service to you."
Assembly and light manufacturing
To Knudsen, 39, there was a
Close corporations whose management
need, and he was advertising to fill
desires a coastal location
it. "We're never going to turn the
clock back to when there was no
Call today to learn why "Business is a
advertising," he says. "But at the
same time I do not believe the
Pleasure" in Carteret County.
profession should be sold like soap.
There should be some dignity. There
should be some restraint."
CARTERET
Wake Superior Court Judge
OUNTY
Knox V. Jenkins apparently didn't
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL
see anything dignified or restrained
For Further Information, contact:
about Knudsen's solicitation. When
Donald A. Kirkman, Executive Director
Knudsen went before the judge last
P.O. Box 825, Morehead City, N.C. 28557
(919)726-7822
(800)462-4252
APRIL 1992
FAX(919)726-4215
75
PEOPLE
No One in the Carolinas
Knows Meetings Like
September to represent two clients
charged with traffic violations,
Sands Oceanfront Resorts
Jenkins ordered the lawyer out of
the courtroom. Saying he couldn't
We offer a choice of seven of the finest, oceanfront resorts on the
give Knudsen's clients a fair trial
Carolinas' coast: four in Myrtle Beach, SC, one in Wrightsville Beach,
because he considered the lawyer's
NC, and two in Atlantic Beach, NC. All have been planning, hosting, and
actions in Hamlet "beneath con-
servicing successful meetings for years. Facilities include spacious &
tempt," Jenkins wouldn't even
flexible meeting facilities, indoor & outdoor pools, sports decks, fitness
centers, tennis courts, restaurants, lounges, and lots of clean, white beach,
allow Knudsen to respond.
Our guests have privileges on the best golf courses in each area, and with
Knudsen filed a complaint with
us you have a choice of rooms, suites, & villas. Our resorts are the only
the state Judicial Standards Com-
ones in Myrtle Beach offering "rain insurance." Call for details.
mission, but it decided in December
not to pursue the matter.
Sands
This isn't the first scrape for
Knudsen, who received his law
Oceanfront Resorts
degree from UNC-Chapel Hill. In
Myrtle Beach, SC
Wrightsville Beach, NC
his 15 years as a defense lawyer and
Ocean Dunes Resort & Villas
Shell Island All-Suite Resort Hotel
Sand Dunes Resort Hotel
a prosecutor, he's had an uncanny
919-256-5050
803-449-7441
Atlantic Beach, NC
ability to get caught up in contro-
Sands Ocean Club Resort Hotel
Sands Villa Resort All-Suite Resort Hotel
versy and strange circumstances.
Sands Beach Club All-Suite Resort Hotel
A Place at the Beach Condominium Resort
Like the time in 1982 when two
803-449-6461
919-247-2636
P.O. Box 2998 - Myrtle Beach, SC 29578
men came to his house to buy
jewelry he had advertised. It turns
out they came to rob him, and he
shot the two in self-defense. Both
died of their wounds. Knudsen,
who was seriously injured in the
Special Paper for Unique Products
shootout, wasn't charged.
More recently he was the court-
appointed attorney for Michael
Charles Hayes, whom a jury found
insane after he killed four people in
1988 in Winston-Salem. Hayes
caused a commotion last fall by
apparently wandering away from
his room at Dorothea Dix Hospital
in Raleigh. It was Knudsen who
Ecusta
explained to law-enforcement
officers that Hayes hadn't left the
grounds and posed no threat.
Still, it's the Hamlet ad that may
P. H. Glatfelter Co.
hurt Knudsen's career by casting
doubt on his intentions, he says.
Pisgah Forest, North Carolina
J. Randolph Riley, a former Wake
County district attorney, says his
Making The Mountains
former assistant has a good reputa-
tion: "His tenacity and perse-
Of North Carolina Home
verance in handling his cases cer-
tainly matches the degree of fervor
with which he pursues clients."
BUSINESS / NORTH CAROLINA
76
NORTH
CAROLINA'S
ECONOMIC
FUTURE IS
ON THE LINE
Congratulations to North Carolina on being named #1 nationwide in the attraction of new
manufacturing facilities in 1991. Southern Bell is proud to provide over half of North Carolina's population
with the most advanced telecommunications network possible.
In today's information age, businesses are looking to locate both their manufacturing and
service facilities in states with well-developed telecommunications infrastructures. It's a competitive, global
market. Southern Bell, however, gives North Carolina the competitive edge.
For data, voice, text, or video, when it comes to telecommunications, North Carolina can
talk business with anyone.
To find out more about our network and the
communities we serve, contact Economic Development State
Director Herb Crenshaw at 919 821-6849.
Southern Bell®
A BELLSOUTH COMPANY
© 1992 Southern Bell
We Look at Technology
From Many Perspectives.
We view technology from both the human perspective and the business
perspective and recognize their symbiotic relationship. From the challenge
of pure research to the reward of industrial application to the excitement
of guiding a new generation, we see our future developing every day. Come
share our perspective. On technology.
PITT COUNTY
On business. On the world.
DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION
Post Office Box 837 Greenville, North Carolina 27835-0837
1-800-548-4153 Fax 919-758-0128