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President's Dinner 4/28/92 [OA 7572] [1]
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323154033
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President's Dinner 4/28/92 [OA 7572] [1]
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13810-007
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Records of the White House Office of Speechwriting (George H. W. Bush Administration)
Speech Backup Chronological Files
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Originally Processed With FOIA(s):
FOIA Number:
S
S
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
Library Staff.
Record Group/Collection:
George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
Collection/Office of Origin:
Speechwriting, White House Office of
Series:
Speech File Backup Files
Subseries:
Chron File, 1989-1993
OA/ID Number:
13810
Folder ID Number:
13810-007
Folder Title:
President's Dinner 4/28/92 [OA 7572]
Stack:
Row:
Section:
Shelf:
Position:
G
26
22
4
7
Walk through 10 am
23 april, 92
George:
Please get 3 copies as delivered for file/Dan and Me [for my
notebook.] Thanks.
I will call from road/or plane.
Be my eyes and ears.
The President Dinner research file is on Christina's desk.
Please double check with her to see if she needs anything. Of
particular interest - providing things did not change
dramatically, remind Christina that wives will be on dais. No
wives have been added to acks. Andy has the list of people to be
acked. That list was provided by Betsy Ekonomou at President's
dinner - her phone number is inside cover of the file.
Cross your fingers and hope for a good event.
See ya Weds? or Thurs.
JB
C
Christin read -JB this RM
it's from me
& gave Dan motes/ thoughts on News pub. tcon,
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
April 28, 1992
REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT
AT PRESIDENT'S DINNER
your
Washington Convention Center
Washington, DC
7:52 P.M. EDT
THE PRESIDENT: Thank you all very much. Thank you,
Guy; and thank you, Howard Baker. And that all of you that made this
dinner such a success. Thank you very, very much. (Applause.)
Let me just say that that is good news. And I'm very
grateful to so many for this victory. And it's wonderful to be
officially over the top. But I want to start by thanking both Dan
Quayle and Marilyn, who have done such a wonderful job out on the
campaign trail. (Applause.) And next, I thank all of those who have
helped in so many ways, volunteering their time, their efforts. And
Barbara and I want to thank you and all those across the country who
participated in this primary process to make these 1,105 delegates
possible. Thank you all very much wherever you may be. (Applause.)
And I know to all it seems, the way it does to Barbara
and me, this has been a long election process and we're only halfway
through the journey, halfway to the goal: But there's some things I
want to say. First, I have learned a lot in this campaign. And I
know better than I did the depth of the cares and concerns of those
who chose to support us and of those who didn't. And lately I've
been thinking of what we have in common, all of us who took part on
the Republican side in this contest.
We all believe in America called America. We all
believe the family is at the center of society and should be at the
center of our thoughts as we make, in Washington, decisions that
affect it. And the fact is, parties, like people, have tendencies.
And we Republicans have believed in and protected some very important
things.
We believe that government has a place, but it also has
limits on what it can and should do. Government can't solve
everything. In fact, you always have to make sure government doesn't
start problems. And we believe taxes should be small, not big. And
we believe those who pay them have rights. And those who benefit
from them have responsibilities.
And we believe that whatever the circumstances -- Cold
War, hot war, relative calm, or a new age of peace and freedom --
whatever the hand history deals you, there is one key to a safer,
more peaceful world. And that is an American defense structure
second to none. (Applause.)
History has taught us that lesson. And Republicans
always remember. We believe in common sense. When something's
broke, you fix it. And tonight, SO many of you came here to help me
put an end to the obstruction and abuses of the Democratic majority
in the Congress of the United States. (Applause.)
- 2 -
When Ronald Reagan had a Republican majority in the
Senate, led by Howard Baker, our great Chairman, he made Reaganism a
policy. He got a lot of his programs through. And my administration
has put forth good ideas. We have a great Cabinet, new solutions.
And then we've seen them killed by the Democratic majority up there
on "Heartbreak Hill"; or worse, has seen a Democratic leadership that
refuses to let the Congress even vote on the ideas that the voters
back in 1988 overwhelmingly endorsed.
And you know, the other day someone asked me how I could
be for change. And I said, look, let me put it this way. I'm not
out here trying to assign blame. We're all in this together. We
must work together. But I told him change the Congress and I will
get the job done. It is that clear. We need a majority of
Republicans in the House and the Senate. (Applause.)
And that is one important thing that this election year
is all about. And as I survey the scene and listen to the American
people, this could well be the year -- it really could well be the
year we get control of both Houses of Congress. (Applause.)
And finally, we Republicans believe in the old wisdom,
the enduring values, the enduring social values that we live by as we
build a great nation -- religious faith, honesty, personal
responsibility, hard work, and merit. Styles come and go, fads and
fashions fade, but the old enduring values never go out of style. I
really believe that. And I believe that a President with the right
ideas, the right intentions, the right beliefs, can get them through
the right kind of Congress. We're here tonight because we agree on
the big issues, on the issues that shape the world and on the values
close to home.
As President, I have made it my mission to preserve and
protect three legacies close to all our hearts: A world at peace.
And we have a great record to take to the American people on this.
(Applause.) An economy with good jobs, real opportunity for all
Americans. And things are looking much better for the economy now.
(Applause.) And we must preserve a nation of strong families,
communities where every child has someone he can count on, someone
who calls him by his name. I am very proud of Barbara Bush and of
her loving concern for the children of this country. (Applause.)
History has taken a turn in the past few years and given
us a wonderful opportunity. And if we apply our good beliefs, our
sensible, heartfelt beliefs to this great opportunity, then we can
say that we will make a contribution to our country, a contribution
to our children's lives, and a contribution to history. The stakes
are just that high.
And one more thing. I intend to win this thing. And I
intend to win it, and with your help we will win it big come
November. (Applause.)
Thank you all. And may God bless the United States of
America. (Applause.)
END
8:00 P.M. EDT
T- Here's the poop on
THE WHITE HOUSE
Pres. dinner. lots of
WASHINGTON
wife people there -
as will be FIOTUS.
Things are change as to
who's speech will becaused
So this is all I know
VISIT OF THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. BUSH
as of 6:30 monday.
TO
E'M call from the
do!
WASHINGTON, D.C.
Andy has the other
TUESDAY, APRIL 28, 1992
acks as pronded bn the
host committee
(He already pht them in
EVENT:
Head Table Reception
the chraft.) of
DATE:
Tuesday, April 28, 1992
TIME:
7:25 pm - 7:45 pm
LOCATION:
Lobby 5, Washington Convention Center
ATTENDEES:
40
PRESS:
Closed
SCENARIO:
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive Washington
Convention Center and are met by: The Honorable
and Mrs. Phil Gramm (Wendy), U.S. Senator and Chairman, National
Republican Senatorial Committee; The Honorable and Mrs. Guy
Vander Jagt (Carol), U.S. Congressman and Chairman, National
Republican Congressional Committee; and The Honorable Howard
Baker, Former U.S. Senator and Chairman, The President's Dinner.
Following the Greetings, THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush proceed to
Lobby 5. THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive Lobby 5 and begin
participation in Head Table Reception. (NOTE: The Vice
President and Mrs. Quayle arrive prior to THE PRESIDENT and Mrs.
Bush.) THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush conclude participation in
Head Table Reception and, accompanied by Vice President and Mrs.
Quayle, depart Lobby 5 and proceed to Holding Room. (NOTE:
Following the Head Table Reception, THE PRESIDENT will present
Senator Baker with a gift.) THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush,
accompanied by Vice President and Mrs. Quayle, arrive Holding
Room and hold briefly. (NOTE: The Vice President and Mrs.
Quayle proceed to separate off-stage announcement area at this
time.) THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush depart Holding Room and
proceed to Off-Stage Announcement Area.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
VISIT OF THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. BUSH
TO
WASHINGTON, D.C.
TUESDAY, APRIL 28, 1992
EVENT:
1992 President's Dinner
DATE:
Tuesday, April 28, 1992
TIME:
7:53 pm - 9:57 pm
LOCATION:
Hall A, Washington Convention Center
ATTENDEES:
4,300
PRESS:
Open
SCENARIO:
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive Off-Stage
Announcement Area and hold briefly. (NOTE: Head
Table Guests are announced onto Stage just prior THE PRESIDENT
and Mrs. Bush.) THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush are announced onto
Stage to Honors played by the Capitol Band and are Seated (Enter
Stage Left). The Honorable Howard Baker, Former U. S. and
Chairman, The President's Dinner makes opening remarks and
introduces Dr. Richard Halverson, Senate Chaplain. Chaplain
Halverson delivers Invocation. Terrill Pierce, High School
Student, New Orleans sings National Anthem. Senator Baker
introduces Terrill Pierce. Terrill Pierce leads Pledge of
Allegiance. Senator Baker introduces Cabinet Members. Dinner is
Served. Senator Baker introduces The Honorable Robert Dole,
Minority Leader, U.S. Senate. Senator Dole makes brief remarks
and introduces The Honorable Robert Michel, Minority Leader, U.S.
House of Representative. Congressman Michel makes brief remarks
and introduces The Honorable Phil Gramm, U. S. Senator and
Chairman, National Republican Senatorial Committee. Senator
Gramm makes brief remarks and introduces the Vice President.
Vice President Quayle gives brief remarks. Senator Baker
introduces The Honorable Guy Vander Jagt, U.S. Congressman and
Chairman, National Republican Congressional Committee. THE
PRESIDENT is introduced for Remarks by Congressman Vander Jagt.
THE PRESIDENT Remarks. (NOTE: A Teleprompter will be used.)
THE PRESIDENT concludes Remarks and takes Seat. Senator Baker
introduces top fundraiser of The President's Dinner. The top
fundraiser presents a toast to THE PRESIDENT. (NOTE: The top
fundraiser will not be determined until just prior to the event.)
Senator Baker introduces the Entertainment. (NOTE: The
Entertainment will be a ten minute laser show.) Following the
Entertainment, THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush conclude participation
in The President's Dinner, depart Stage and proceed to Motorcade.
(Exit Stage Left.)
The backdrop is blue pipe and drape with a lighted, white facade
of the United States Capitol. A large red, white and blue ribbon
banner frames the stage and facade. The Press Platform is
located 250 feet angled to stage right.
Page Two
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
SCHEDULE OF THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. BUSH
FOR
WASHINGTON, D.C.
TUESDAY, APRIL 28, 1992
EVENTS:
Head Table Reception
1992 President's Dinner
DRESS:
Head Table Guests:
Men
- Business Suit
Women
- Cocktail Dress
Invited Guests:
Men
- Black Tie Optional
Women
- Cocktail Dress
CONTACT:
Office of Presidential Advance
Ed Murnane
- 202/456-7565
Trip Coordinator
Suzanne Faulk
- 202/456-7565
ADVANCE:
Gordon James
- LEAD
Scott Fascett
- PRESS
Steve Regala
- USSS
Dave Watson
- WHCA
John Wissler
- MIL. AIDE
WEATHER:
Partly Cloudy/mid 50's
SCHEDULE OF THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. BUSH
FOR
WASHINGTON, D.C.
TUESDAY, APRIL 28, 1992
7:15 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush board Motorcade and
depart White House en route Washington Convention
Center.
MOTORCADE ASSIGNMENTS:
Lead
Spare
M. Dannenhauer
Doctor
LIMO
THE PRESIDENT
Mrs. Bush
Follow Up
Control
S. Skinner
Gen. Scowcroft
Mil. Aide
Support
M. Fitzwater
M. Lukens
P. Swift
Official Photographer
Medic
Staff I
R. Kaufman
Staff II
(MiniVan)
Press Van I
M. Busch
Press Van II
(Drive Time: 5 Minutes)
7:20 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive Washington
Convention Center and proceed to Lobby 5.
Met by:
The Honorable and Mrs. Phil Gramm (Wendy)
U.S. Senator and Chairman, National Republican
Senatorial Committee
The Honorable and Mrs. Guy Vander Jagt (Carol)
U.S. Congressman and Chairman, National Republican
Congressional Committee
The Honorable Howard Baker
Former U. S. Senator and Chairman, The President's
Dinner
EVENT:
HEAD TABLE RECEPTION
CLOSED PRESS
7:25 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive Lobby 5 and
begin participation in Head Table Reception.
NOTE:
Vice President and Mrs. Quayle arrive
just prior to THE PRESIDENT and Mrs.
Bush.
7:45 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush conclude participation
in Head Table Reception, depart Lobby 5 and,
accompanied by Vice President and Mrs. Quayle,
proceed to Holding Room.
7:47 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush, accompanied by Vice
President and Mrs. Quayle, arrive Holding Room and
hold briefly.
NOTE:
The Vice President and Mrs. Quayle
proceed to separate off-stage
announcement area at this time.
Page Two
7:50 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush depart Holding Room
and proceed to Off-Stage Announcement Area.
7:52 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive Off-Stage
Announcement Area and hold briefly.
NOTE:
Head Table Guests are announced onto
Stage prior to THE PRESIDENT and Mrs.
Bush.
EVENT:
1992 PRESIDENT'S DINNER
OPEN PRESS
RUFFLES AND FLOURISHES
OFF-STAGE ANNOUNCEMENT
HAIL TO THE CHIEF
REMARKS
TELEPROMPTER
7:53 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush are announced onto
Stage and are Seated.
7:56 pm Senator Baker makes opening remarks and
introduces Dr. Richard Halverson, Senate
Chaplain.
8:01 pm Chaplain Halverson delivers Invocation.
8:03 pm Terrill Pierce, High School Student, New
Orleans sings National Anthem.
8:08 pm
Terrill Pierce leads Pledge of
Allegiance.
8:09 pm Senator Baker introduces Cabinet
Members.
8:11 pm Dinner is Served.
Page Three
8:55 pm Senator Baker introduces The Honorable
Robert Dole, Minority Leader, U.S.
Senate.
9:00 pm Senator Dole makes brief remarks and
introduces The Honorable Robert Michel,
Minority Leader, U.S. House of
Representatives.
9:02 pm
Congressman Michel makes brief remarks
and introduces The Honorable Phil Gramm,
U.S. Senator and Chairman, National
Republican Senatorial Committee.
9:04 pm
Senator Gramm makes brief remarks and
introduces The Vice President.
9:09 pm Vice President Quayle gives brief
remarks.
9:14 pm
Senator Baker introduces The Honorable
Guy Vander Jagt, U.S. Congressman and
Chairman, National Republican
Congressional Committee.
9:16 pm
THE PRESIDENT is introduced for Remarks by
Congressman Vander Jagt.
9:21 pm
THE PRESIDENT Remarks.
9:41 pm
THE PRESIDENT concludes Remarks and takes Seat.
9:42 pm Senator Baker introduces top fundraiser,
The President's Dinner.
9:43 pm Top Fundraiser presents toast to THE
PRESIDENT.
9:45 pm Senator Baker introduces Entertainment.
9:47 pm Entertainment
9:57 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush conclude participation
in President's Dinner, depart Stage and
proceed to Motorcade.
Page Four
10:00 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush board Motorcade and
depart Washington Convention Center en route White
House.
MOTORCADE ASSIGNMENTS:
Same as on Arrival.
(Drive Time: 5 Minutes)
10:05 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive White House.
Page Five
TAB A
WASHINGTON CONVENTION CENTER
The President's Dinner
Arrival/Departure Diagram
Tuesday. April 28, 1992
New York Avenue
Lower Level
Lobby 5
1y
Head Table
Holding Room
Reception
Limo
11th Street
Motorcade
Hall D
W
W
M
M
Pool
Vehicles
Stairs
H Street
KEY:
THE PRESIDENT
GUESTS / STAFF
PRESS POOL
TAB B
WASHINGTON CONVENTION CENTER
The President's Dinner
Hall A Diagram
Tuesday, April 28. 1992
The
Jefferson Memorial
Head Table
Announce
Position
Staff
Tables
Hall "A"
Head
The Lincoln
The Capitol
Head
Capitol
Table
Memorial
Table
Band
Audience
Press
B
Head Table
The White House
KEY:
THE PRESIDENT
GUESTS / STAFF
PRESS POOL
PRESS
TAB C
WASHINGTON CONVENTION CENTER
The President's Dinner
Dais Diagram
Tuesday, April 28, 1992
Lent.
Dan Dirk Barbara Van Murphy Morris Dongen
Senator Brendra Dole Becker
Jeff Elizabeth Becker Dole
Van Norris Dongen
Mary Sharon Maryann
Jack McDonald
The Jefferson Memorial
Chiey Kojima
Jim Thompson
Nancy Loeffler
Joan Schreyer
John Moran
Robert Day
Renee Stewart
Carol Vander Jagt
Vice President Quayle
THE PRESIDENT
Wendy Gramm
Howard Baker
The Lincoln Memorial
Podium
The Capitol
Senator Gramm
Joy Baker
Marilyn Quayle
Cong. Vander Jagt
Dwayne Andreas
Barbara Bush
Carole Sillcox
Bill Schreyer
Tom Loeffler
Kelly Gilmore
Michael Kojima
Dorothy Inez
The White House
Jayne Carr Thompson
Marion McDonaid
prem Great Collent Flora
Buddy Mrs. Cong. Michel Welch Thomplerson
DI:
Sandy Dick Deborah Ted Sheighton
testimony
source
Im Jiggs OMB
grug Gem Rat liff (ext. MB 3454)
admin is y
102nd Congress
1991 endorsing
S. 640 (Kaster)
HR 3068 (M.Ewen)
for
PAIM
1990
101ST 5.1400 (Kastu)
No CORPANION
Indiciary
word identical
HR 2700 (Luken)
Energy Communa
STM SITTING
THE
1
HR 3030
Fairness to Brod diff from
Rowland(or.D)
Kasten
7
info
ANSWER House is tied up in
2 committees
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
VISIT OF THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. BUSH
TO
WASHINGTON, D.C.
TUESDAY, APRIL 28, 1992
EVENT:
Head Table Reception
DATE:
Tuesday, April 28, 1992
TIME:
7:25 pm - 7:45 pm
LOCATION:
Lobby 5, Washington Convention Center
ATTENDEES:
40
PRESS:
Closed
SCENARIO:
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive Washington
Convention Center and are met by: The Honorable
and Mrs. Phil Gramm (Wendy), U.S. Senator and Chairman, National
Republican Senatorial Committee; The Honorable and Mrs. Guy
Vander Jagt (Carol), U.S. Congressman and Chairman, National
Republican Congressional Committee; and The Honorable Howard
Baker, Former U.S. Senator and Chairman, The President's Dinner.
Following the Greetings, THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush proceed to
Lobby 5. THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive Lobby 5 and begin
participation in Head Table Reception. (NOTE: The Vice
President and Mrs. Quayle arrive prior to THE PRESIDENT and Mrs.
Bush.) THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush conclude participation in
Head Table Reception and, accompanied by Vice President and Mrs.
Quayle, depart Lobby 5 and proceed to Holding Room. (NOTE:
Following the Head Table Reception, THE PRESIDENT will present
Senator Baker with a gift.) THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush,
accompanied by Vice President and Mrs. Quayle, arrive Holding
Room and hold briefly. (NOTE: The Vice President and Mrs.
Quayle proceed to separate off-stage announcement area at this
time.) THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush depart Holding Room and
proceed to Off-Stage Announcement Area.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
VISIT OF THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. BUSH
TO
WASHINGTON, D.C.
TUESDAY, APRIL 28, 1992
EVENT:
1992 President's Dinner
DATE:
Tuesday, April 28, 1992
TIME:
7:53 pm - 9:57 pm
LOCATION:
Hall A, Washington Convention Center
ATTENDEES:
4,300
PRESS:
Open
SCENARIO:
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive Off-Stage
Announcement Area and hold briefly. (NOTE: Head
Table Guests are announced onto Stage just prior THE PRESIDENT
and Mrs. Bush.) THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush are announced onto
Stage to Honors played by the Capitol Band and are Seated (Enter
Stage Left). The Honorable Howard Baker, Former U. S. and
Chairman, The President's Dinner makes opening remarks and
introduces Dr. Richard Halverson, Senate Chaplain. Chaplain
Halverson delivers Invocation. Terrill Pierce, High School
Student, New Orleans sings National Anthem. Senator Baker
introduces Terrill Pierce. Terrill Pierce leads Pledge of
Allegiance. Senator Baker introduces Cabinet Members. Dinner is
Served. Senator Baker introduces The Honorable Robert Dole,
Minority Leader, U.S. Senate. Senator Dole makes brief remarks
and introduces The Honorable Robert Michel, Minority Leader, U.S.
House of Representative. Congressman Michel makes brief remarks
and introduces The Honorable Phil Gramm, U. S. Senator and
Chairman, National Republican Senatorial Committee. Senator
Gramm makes brief remarks and introduces the Vice President.
Vice President Quayle gives brief remarks. Senator Baker
introduces The Honorable Guy Vander Jagt, U.S. Congressman and
Chairman, National Republican Congressional Committee. THE
PRESIDENT is introduced for Remarks by Congressman Vander Jagt.
THE PRESIDENT Remarks. (NOTE: A Teleprompter will be used.)
THE PRESIDENT concludes Remarks and takes Seat. Senator Baker
introduces top fundraiser of The President's Dinner. The top
fundraiser presents a toast to THE PRESIDENT. (NOTE: The top
fundraiser will not be determined until just prior to the event.)
Senator Baker introduces the Entertainment. (NOTE: The
Entertainment will be a ten minute laser show.) Following the
Entertainment, THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush conclude participation
in The President's Dinner, depart Stage and proceed to Motorcade.
(Exit Stage Left.)
The backdrop is blue pipe and drape with a lighted, white facade
of the United States Capitol. A large red, white and blue ribbon
banner frames the stage and facade. The Press Platform is
located 250 feet angled to stage right.
Page Two
THE WHITE HOUSE.
WASHINGTON
SCHEDULE OF THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. BUSH
FOR
WASHINGTON, D.C.
TUESDAY, APRIL 28, 1992
EVENTS:
Head Table Reception
1992 President's Dinner
DRESS:
Head Table Guests:
Men
- Business Suit
Women
- Cocktail Dress
Invited Guests:
Men
- Black Tie Optional
Women
- Cocktail Dress
CONTACT:
Office of Presidential Advance
Ed Murnane
- 202/456-7565
Trip Coordinator
Suzanne Faulk
- 202/456-7565
ADVANCE:
Gordon James
- LEAD
Scott Fascett
- PRESS
Steve Regala
- USSS
Dave Watson
- WHCA
John Wissler
- MIL. AIDE
WEATHER:
Partly Cloudy/mid 50's
SCHEDULE OF THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. BUSH
FOR
WASHINGTON, D.C.
TUESDAY, APRIL 28, 1992
7:15 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush board Motorcade and
depart White House en route Washington Convention
Center.
MOTORCADE ASSIGNMENTS:
Lead
Spare
M. Dannenhauer
Doctor
LIMO
THE PRESIDENT
Mrs. Bush
Follow Up
Control
S. Skinner
Gen. Scowcroft
Mil. Aide
Support
M. Fitzwater
M. Lukens
P. Swift
Official Photographer
Medic
Staff I
R. Kaufman
Staff II
(MiniVan)
Press Van I
M. Busch
Press Van II
(Drive Time: 5 Minutes)
7:20 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive Washington
Convention Center and proceed to Lobby 5.
Met by:
The Honorable and Mrs. Phil Gramm (Wendy)
U.S. Senator and Chairman, National Republican
Senatorial Committee
The Honorable and Mrs. Guy Vander Jagt (Carol)
U.S. Congressman and Chairman, National Republican
Congressional Committee
The Honorable Howard Baker
Former U. S. Senator and Chairman, The President's
Dinner
EVENT:
HEAD TABLE RECEPTION
CLOSED PRESS
7:25 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive Lobby 5 and
begin participation in Head Table Reception.
NOTE:
Vice President and Mrs. Quayle arrive
just prior to THE PRESIDENT and Mrs.
Bush.
7:45 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush conclude participation
in Head Table Reception, depart Lobby 5 and,
accompanied by Vice President and Mrs. Quayle,
proceed to Holding Room.
7:47 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush, accompanied by Vice
President and Mrs. Quayle, arrive Holding Room and
hold briefly.
NOTE:
The Vice President and Mrs. Quayle
proceed to separate off-stage
announcement area at this time.
Page Two
7:50 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush depart Holding Room
and proceed to Off-Stage Announcement Area.
7:52 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive Off-Stage
Announcement Area and hold briefly.
NOTE:
Head Table Guests are announced onto
Stage prior to THE PRESIDENT and Mrs.
Bush.
EVENT:
1992 PRESIDENT'S DINNER
OPEN PRESS
RUFFLES AND FLOURISHES
OFF-STAGE ANNOUNCEMENT
HAIL TO THE CHIEF
REMARKS
TELEPROMPTER
7:53 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush are announced onto
Stage and are Seated.
7:56 pm Senator Baker makes opening remarks and
introduces Dr. Richard Halverson, Senate
Chaplain.
8:01 pm Chaplain Halverson delivers Invocation.
8:03 pm Terrill Pierce, High School Student, New
Orleans sings National Anthem.
8:08 pm Terrill Pierce leads Pledge of
Allegiance.
8:09 pm Senator Baker introduces Cabinet
Members.
8:11 pm Dinner is Served.
Page Three
8:55 pm Senator Baker introduces The Honorable
Robert Dole, Minority Leader, U.S.
Senate.
9:00 pm
Senator Dole makes brief remarks and
introduces The Honorable Robert Michel,
Minority Leader, U.S. House of
Representatives.
9:02 pm
Congressman Michel makes brief remarks
and introduces The Honorable Phil Gramm,
U.S. Senator and Chairman, National
Republican Senatorial Committee.
9:04 pm Senator Gramm makes brief remarks and
introduces The Vice President.
9:09 pm
Vice President Quayle gives brief
remarks.
9:14 pm
Senator Baker introduces The Honorable
Guy Vander Jagt, U.S. Congressman and
Chairman, National Republican
Congressional Committee.
9:16 pm
THE PRESIDENT is introduced for Remarks by
Congressman Vander Jagt.
9:21 pm
THE PRESIDENT Remarks.
9:41 pm
THE PRESIDENT concludes Remarks and takes Seat.
9:42 pm Senator Baker introduces top fundraiser,
The President's Dinner.
9:43 pm Top Fundraiser presents toast to THE
PRESIDENT.
9:45 pm Senator Baker introduces Entertainment.
9:47 pm Entertainment
9:57 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush conclude participation
in President's Dinner, depart Stage and
proceed to Motorcade.
Page Four
10:00 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush board Motorcade and
depart Washington Convention Center en route White
House.
MOTORCADE ASSIGNMENTS:
Same as on Arrival.
(Drive Time: 5 Minutes)
10:05 pm
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Bush arrive White House.
Page Five
TAB A
WASHINGTON CONVENTION CENTER
The President's Dinner
Arrival/Departure Diagram
Tuesday, April 28, 1992
New York Avenue
Lower Level
Lobby 5
Head Table
Holding Room
Reception
Limo
11th Street
Motorcade
Hall D
W
W
M
M
Pool
Vehicles
Stairs
H Street
KEY:
THE PRESIDENT
GUESTS / STAFF
IIIIIII
PRESS POOL
TAB B
WASHINGTON CONVENTION CENTER
The President's Dinner
Hall A Diagram
Tuesday, April 28. 1992
The
Jefferson Memorial
Head Table
Announce
Position
Staff
Tables
Hall "A"
Head
The Lincoln
The Capitol
Head
Capitol
Table
Memorial
Table
Band
Audience
Press
D
Head Table
The White House
KEY:
THE PRESIDENT
GUESTS / STAFF
1103331
PRESS POOL
PRESS
TAB C
WASHINGTON CONVENTION CENTER
The President's Dinner
Dais Diagram
Tuesday, April 28, 1992
Lent
Dan Dirk Barbara Van Murphy Dan Murphy Morris Dongen
Senator Brendra Dole Becker
Jeff Elizabeth Becker Dole
Sharon yann Maryann Van Norris Dongen
Jack McDonaid
The Jefferson Memorial
Chiey Kojima
Jim Thompson
Nancy Loeffler
Joan Schreyer
John Moran
Robert Day
Renee Stewart
Carol Vander Jagt
Vice President Quayle
THE PRESIDENT
Wendy Gramm
Howard Baker
Podium
X
The Lincoln Memorial
The Capitol
Senator Gramm
Joy Baker
Marilyn Quayle
Cong. Vander Jagt
Barbara Bush
Dwayne Andreas
Carole Sillcox
Bill Schreyer
Kelly Gilmore
Tom Loeffler
Michael Kojima
Dorothy Inez
The White House
Jayne Carr Thompson
Marion McDonald
Flora Gregg Creighton Ward
Buddy Mrs. Cong. Coleen Welch Michel Thompson
DI III
Dick Deborah Ted Welch
III Sandy
(Ferguson/Bunton)
April 23, 1992
Draft One
DINNER
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: 1992 PRESIDENT'S DINNER
WASHINGTON CONVENTION CENTER
APRIL 28, 1992
9:00 PM
[Acknowledgments]
I'm delighted to be here, with the men and women who are
going to change America. I know there's been a lot of talk about
change this election year. But most of it has been just that --
talk. Well, the time for talk is over.
America needs men and women of purpose, of experience,
people who know how to get things done. We need people who
aren't afraid to rattle the business-as-usual crowd. We need
people who will stand up to the status quo -- who'll tell them
the old ways of doing things just aren't good enough anymore.
What we need, ladies and gentlemen, is a Republican
president and a Republican Congress. That's what we're moving
toward tonight, with your generous help. And that's how we will
build a better America.
Over the past three years, I've spoken often of the need for
reform. I've made specific and far-reaching proposals to change
our education system, and our health care system. I've made
proposals to reform our legal system and our election campaigns.
Right down the line, on issue after issue, the Republican
party has proposed fundamental changes to solve the problems that
burden our country.
2
And against heavy odds, we've had some successes. I'm proud
of the Clean Air Act -- finally we're bringing the genius of free
markets to bear on cleaning up the environment. I'm proud of the
Child care bill -- for the first time we've given help to working
parents while preserving their freedom to choose their children's
care.
These triumphs testify to our creative approach to
government -- an approach that achieves its goals without
resorting to brute bureaucratic power.
tongue truister
But you know as well as I that we've come up against some
obstacles in the past three years. You know who those obstacles
are. So do I. And so do the American people. They are the
special interests -- small, entrenched constituencies who put
their narrow wants before the common good. They fight change for
a simple reason: they profit from the status quo. For them,
business-as-usual is money-in-the-bank.
Yes, they're powerful. Yes, they're influential. And
heaven knows they're well-financed -- after all, they've been
able to buy their very own political party.
But the special interests are about to learn something else
this election year: The American people have had enough of the
way they do business.
Let's look at a few examples.
It used to be that a doctor's first worry was about the care
of the patient -- not the threat of a malpractice suit. Every
American knows what I'm talking about -- doctors not delivering
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babies, parents not coaching Little League, volunteers not
helping the elderly -- all from fear of frivolous lawsuits.
That's just plain wrong. That is not the kind of America we
want. People should spend more time helping each other and less
time suing each other.
We're trying to do something about that. You'll remember
ABC
our bill to reform product liability laws -- introduced it first April 1-
fact
in 1990. But the liberal Democrats, coached by the special
Bob
interests, refused to budge. So we introduced it again in '91. Sponsor?
And guess what -- Senate Democrats refuse to bring it up for a
=(d)
vote, and in the House our reform is stuck in two -- that's
]
right, two -- committees.
Make no mistake: We will ensure that every American's rights
are protected. But we will reform our legal system to get rid of
these frivolous lawsuits -- and no lobby of trial lawyers will
stand in the way.
Here's another example. It used to be that when we sent our
kids to school, we knew they were going to get a world-class
education. They'd learn how to read and write and multiply and
divide, and they'd learn something about the world. And we knew
the values we taught them at home would be reinforced in the
classroom -- like knowing the difference between right and wrong.
But now we consider ourselves lucky if we can send our kids
to schools where they don't find a gun in someone's locker, or
catch some punk dealing drugs on the playground. And in the
classroom, our kids seem to be learning less every year.
is there a more
current" word ?
4
That's wrong. That's got to change. We must reinvent
American education, top-to-bottom -- for our kids, and for our
teachers, who too often have to double as social workers,
counselors and surrogate parents. God bless America's teachers
for the work they do.
We know how to help them. Our America 2000 reforms are
National
gaining steam, community by community. We're encouraging break-
the-mold schools, national standards and testing; we're trying to
give teachers and communities maximum flexibility. We've got to
rid our schools of drugs and violence. And whether it's among
public schools, private or religious, parents must have the
freedom to choose their children's schools.
This is a revolution long-overdue. And the entrenched
special interests, the business-as-usual-crowd, the liberal
Democrats had all best understand: This revolution is going to
happen, with or without the permission of the NEA.
Another example: It used to be that going to the hospital
didn't conjure up visions of financial ruin. American health
care is still the best in the world, but too many Americans can't
qualify for health insurance or can't afford it. The cost of
even minor surgery has gone through the roof.
This too has got to change. And we know how to change it.
Our health care reform is comprehensive; preserves what works,
changes what doesn't. It makes health insurance accessible and
affordable -- without throwing out the highest-quality care in
the world.
5
Of course, the other side doesn't like our reform. For
them, freedom of choice -- whether in medical care, education or
child care -- will always take a back seat to some bureaucratic
solution. They've got other ideas -- very expensive ones, as
always. They can call it "national health insurance," "pay-or-
play, whatever they'd like. But it's socialized health care any
way you cut it -- and that would be a national disaster. We
are
Choice
not going to let the government come between doctors and their
slogan?
patients.
You see, no matter what the problem, the special interests
want a program -- some vast new unaccountable bureaucracy they
can manipulate and bleed dry. You'll remember our friends on the
Left used to talk about "getting on the right side of history."
Well, they were wrong about which side history was on.
It wasn't theirs. It was ours. A movement sweeps the world
today: a movement away from bureaucratic mandates and centralized
authority and towards the freely made decisions of individual men
and women. And there's a reason freedom is on the march from
Managua to Moscow. Think back to the 1980s, to the climax of the
Cold War. Liberal Democrats called for a nuclear freeze,
then an end to weapons modernization. But the Republican was
there to say: No! We stood squarely with the American people for
a strong defense. And because we stood firm, imperial communism
today is a four-letter word: D-E-A-D.
The Republican party has always sensed the inevitability of
freedom's march. It is woven into everything we are as a party.
finishng quote
6
Remember the first Republican president. Government's greatest
purpose, Lincoln said, was "to lift artificial weights from all
shoulders, to clear the paths of laudable pursuit for all." "
With your continued support, we will see this mission
through, as a party and as a nation -- the greatest, freest
nation on earth.
Thank you. God bless you and the United States of America.
# # # #
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THE COLLECTED WORKS OF
=H
ABRAHAM LINCOLN
THE ABRAHAM LINCOLN ASSOCIATION
SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS
IV
ROY P. BASLER, EDITOR
MARION DOLORES PRATT AND LLOYD A. DUNLAP
ASSISTANT EDITORS
RUTGERS UNIVERSITY PRESS
NEW BRUNSWICK, NEW JERSEY
1953
JULY 4, 1861
1 861
at once, and let us see Gen
work, at least three hundred thousand men, and three hundred
; a position to Gen. Fremonto
millions of dollars. That number of men is less than one twelfth²
A LINCOLN
of those of proper ages, within those regions where all are willing
to engage; and the sum is less than an eighteenth⁸ of the money-
value owned by the men who are ready to devote the whole. A
2, from Major General Robert Pab Pis
nouncing that he had routed 10,000
right result will be worth more to the world than ten times the
wounded.
men, and ten times the money. The evidence reaching us from the
the Western Department including
Frémont in command.
people leaves no doubt that the material for the work is abundant;
and that it needs only thè hand of legislation to give it legal sanc-
tion; and the hand of the Executive to give it practical shape and
eclaration¹
efficiency. The departments here have had more trouble to avoid
[c. July 4, 1861]
receiving troops faster than they could provide them than from
of Eleven Presidents
any other cause. In a word, the people will save their government,
States.
if the government itself will allow them.
id experience, as well as
1 AD, DLC-RTL. The single page of manuscript is a preliminary draft of the
S, as a drink, is not only need.
twentieth paragraph of the Message of July 4, infra.
disuse of it would tend to
2 "Tenth" deleted, "twelfth" inserted.
3 "Tenth" deleted, "eighteenth" inserted.
piness of the community:
it should the citizens of
ung men, discountenance
only promote their own-per.
Message to Congress in Special Session¹
untry and of the world.
July 4, 1861
James K. Polk,
Fellow-citizens of the Senate and House of Representatives:
Zachary Taylor,
Having2 been convened on an extraordinary occasion, as author-
Millard Fillmore,
Franklin Pierce,
ized by the Constitution, your attention is not called to any ordinary
James Buchanan,
subject of legislation.
ncoln.
At the beginning of the present Presidential term, four months
Union: and The New-York Prohibi
1 AD, first proof sheets with autograph revisions, second proof sheets, two
eclaration as printed is accompany
ine merchant and noted temperano
copies, (1) with revisions by William H. Seward for the most part in the hand-
writing of Frederick W. Seward, (2) with Lincoln's final revisions, DLC-RTL.
hich reads in part:
Although engrossed official copies of Lincoln's later Messages are in the National
1 me, signed, the Presidential
Archives, no official copy of the Message of July 4, 1861, has been found. The
text reproduced here is that of the second proof containing Lincoln's final re-
Presidents Madison, Jackson,
visions, which, with the exception of minor changes in punctuation, are noted
n elected, the parchment
in the succeeding footnotes. Variants, emendations, and deletions made by Lin-
e returned signed.
coln in the manuscript and on the first proof are also indicated in the footnotes.
1 opportunity of sending the cel
Minor inconsistencies in usage occurring in Lincoln's manuscript and autograph
changes in the proof sheets have been made to conform with the printed proof,
but Lincoln's paragraphing, punctuation and capitalization in the manuscript
and autograph corrections have been retained in some cases even though not
lessage to Congress
followed by the printers who set the proofs.
2 The first paragraph revised to the present text in the manuscript, stood
[July 4, 1861
originally as follows: "Having convened you on an extraordinary occasion as
6.
contemplated by the Constitution, I do not ask your attention to any ordinary
means for making this conted
subject of legislation. You will act on your own judgment and pleasure whether
1 authorize to be applied to
you will consider any such."
421]
JULY 4, 1861
JULY 4, 1861
ago,³ the functions of the Federal Government were found to be
had been adopted in each of these States, declaring the States, re-
generally⁴ suspended within the several States of South Carolina,
spectively, to be separated from the National Union. A¹² formula
Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Florida, excepting
for instituting a combined government of these states had been
only those of the Post Office Department.
promulgated; and this illegal organization, in the character of con-
Within these States, all the Forts, Arsenals, Dock-yards, Custom-
federate States was already invoking recognition, aid, and inter-
houses, and the like, including the movable and stationary property
vention, from Foreign Powers.
in, and about them, had been seized, and were held in open hostility
Finding this condition of things, and believing it to be an im-
to this Government, excepting only Forts Pickens, Taylor, and
perative duty upon the incoming Executive, to prevent, if possible,
Jefferson, on, and near the Florida coast, and Fort Sumter, in
the consummation of such attempt to destroy the Federal Union,
Charleston harbor, South Carolina. The Forts thus seized had been
a choice of means to that end became indispensable. This choice
put in improved condition; new ones had been built; and armed
was made; and was declared in the Inaugural address. The policy
forces had been organized, and were organizing, all avowedly with
chosen looked to the exhaustion of all peaceful measures, before a
the same hostile purpose.
resort to any stronger ones. It sought only to hold the public places
The Forts remaining in the possession of the Federal govern-
and property, not already wrested from the Government, and to
ment, in, and near, these States, were either⁵ besieged or menaced
collect the revenue; relying for the rest, on time, discussion, and
by warlike preparations; and especially Fort Sumter was nearly
the ballot-box. It promised a continuance of the mails, at govern-
surrounded by well-protected hostile batteries, with guns equal in
ment expense, to the very people who were resisting the govern-
quality to the best of its own, and outnumbering the latter as per-
ment; and it gave repeated pledges against any disturbance to
haps ten⁶ to one. A disproportionate share,⁷ of the Federal muskets
any of the people, or any of their rights. Of all that which a presi-
and rifles,⁸ had somehow found their way into these States, and
dent might constitutionally, and justifiably, do in such a case,
had been seized, to be used against the government. Accumulations
everything was foreborne, without which, it was believed pos-
of the public revenue, lying within them,9 had been seized for the
sible to keep the government on foot.
same object. The Navy was scattered¹⁰ in distant seas; leaving but
On the 5th of March, (the present incumbent's first full day
a very small part of it within the immediate reach of the govern-
in office) a letter of Major Anderson, commanding at Fort Sumter,
ment. Officers¹¹ of the Federal Army and Navy, had resigned in
written on the 28th of February, and received at the War Depart-
great numbers; and, of those resigning, a large proportion had
ment on the 4th of March, was, by that Department, placed in his
taken up arms against the government. Simultaneously, and in
hands. This letter expressed the professional opinion of the writer,
connection, with all this, the purpose to sever the Federal Union,
that re-inforcements could not be thrown into that Fort within the
was openly avowed. In accordance with this purpose, an ordinance
time for his relief, rendered necessary by the limited supply of
provisions, and with a view of holding possession of the same, with
8 "All" standing in the manuscript and first proof, deleted at this point in
the second proof by Seward. Deletion adopted by Lincoln.
a force of less than twenty thousand good, and well-disciplined
4 "Entirely" in the manuscript, changed by Seward in the second proof to
men. This opinion was concurred in by all the officers of his
"generally." Adopted by Lincoln.
command; and their memoranda on the subject, were made en-
5 "Either beseiged or" inserted by Seward in the second proof. Adopted by
Lincoln.
closures of Major Anderson's letter. The whole was immediately
6 "Perhaps ten" inserted by Lincoln in the blank space which had stood from
laid before Lieutenant General Scott, who at once concurred with
manuscript to second proof.
Major Anderson in opinion. On reflection,¹ however, he took full
7 "Both in number and quality," in manuscript and first proof, deleted in
second proof.
12 This sentence was slightly revised by Lincoln from Seward's suggestion in
8 "Arms and ammunition," in the manuscript and first proof, deleted in sec-
the second proof. The manuscript and first proof read as follows: "Also the
ond proof, and "muskets and rifles" inserted.
forms of establishing a federal government of these States, with departments,
9 "These States" in the manuscript and first proof, changed by Seward to
and provisions, similar to our own, had been gone through; and this supposed
"them" in second proof. Adopted by Lincoln.
Federal government, under the name and style of "The Confederate States of
10 "And" in the manuscript and first proof, deleted at this point in the second
America,' had assumed national independence, and was suing for it's recognition
proof by Seward. Deletion adopted by Lincoln.
by the powers of the earth."
11 "The officers" in the manuscript and first proof; "The" deleted in the sec-
13 "At the request of the executive," in the manuscript, replaced by "On re-
ond proof by Seward. Deletion adopted by Lincoln.
flection," in first proof.
[422]
[423]
JULY 4, 1861
JULY 4, 1.861
time, consulting with other officers, both of the Army and the
reached at Fort Sumter was impossible-rendered so by the near
Navy; and, at the end of four days, came reluctantly, but decided-
exhaustion of provisions in the latter-named Fort. In precaution
ly, to the same conclusion as before. He also stated¹⁴ at the same
against such a conjuncture, the government had, a few days be-
time that no such sufficient force was then at the control of the
fore, commenced preparing an expedition, as well adapted as
Government, or could be raised, and brought to the ground, with-
might be, to relieve Fort Sumter, which expedition was intended
in the time when the provisions in the Fort would be exhausted.
to be ultimately used, or not, according to circumstances. The
In a purely military point of view, this reduced the duty of the
strongest anticipated case, for using it, was now presented; and it
administration, in the case, to the mere matter of getting the gar-
was resolved to send it forward. As had been intended, in this con-
rison safely out of the Fort. 15
tingency, it was also resolved to notify the Governor of South
It was¹⁶ believed, however, that to so abandon that position,
Carolina, that he might expect an attempt would be made to provi-
under the circumstances,¹⁷ would be utterly ruinous; that the
sion the Fort; and that, if the attempt should not be resisted, there
necessity under which it was to be done, would not be fully under-
would be no effort to throw in men, arms, or ammunition, with-
stood-that, by many, it would be construed as a part of a volun-
out further notice, or in case of an attack upon the Fort. This no-
tary policy-that, at home, it would discourage the friends of the
tice was accordingly given; whereupon the Fort was attacked, and
Union, embolden its adversaries, and go far to insure to the lat-
bombarded to its fall, without even awaiting the arrival of the
ter, a recognition18 abroad-that, in fact, it would be our national
provisioning expedition.
destruction consummated. This could not be allowed. 19 Starvation
It is thus seen that the assault upon, and reduction of, Fort Sum-
was not yet upon the garrison; and ere it would be reached, Fort
ter, was, in no sense, a matter of self defence on the part of the
Pickens might be reinforced. This last, would be a clear indication
assailants. They well knew that the garrison in the Fort could, by
of policy, and would better enable the country to accept the evacu-
no possibility, commit aggression upon them. They knew-they
ation of Fort Sumter, as a military necessity. An order was at once
were expressly notified-that the giving of bread to the few brave
directed to be sent for the landing of the troops from the Steam-
and hungry21 men of the garrison, was all which would on that
ship Brooklyn, into Fort Pickens. This order could not go by land,
occasion²² be attempted, unless themselves, by resisting so much,
but must take the longer, and slower route by sea. The first return
should provoke more. They knew that this Government desired to
news from the order was received just one week before the fall of
keep the garrison in the Fort, not to assail²³ them, but merely to
Fort Sumter. The news itself was, that the officer commanding
maintain visible possession, and thus to preserve the Union from
the Sabine, to which vessel the troops had been transferred from
actual, and immediate dissolution-trusting, as herein-before
the Brooklyn, acting upon some quasi armistice of the late admin-
stated, to time, discussion, and the ballot-box, for final adjustment;
istration, (and²⁰ of the existence of which, the present administra-
and they assailed, and reduced the Fort, for precisely the reverse
tion, up to the time the order was despatched, had only too vague
object-to drive out the visible authority of the Federal Union,
and uncertain rumors, to fix attention) had refused to land the
and thus force it to immediate dissolution.
troops. To now re-inforce Fort Pickens, before a crisis would be
That this was their object, the Executive well understood; and
14 "Informed the executive," in the manuscript, replaced by "stated," in first
having said to them in the inaugural address, "You can have no
proof.
conflict without being yourselves the aggressors," he took pains, not
15 The following sentence deleted from the manuscript at this point: "In fact,
General Scott advised that this should be done at once."
only to keep this declaration good, but also to keep the case so free
16 "The executive," in the manuscript, changed to "It was" in first proof.
from the power of ingenious sophistry,24 as that the world should
17 "Under the circumstances" inserted by Seward and adopted by Lincoln in
not be able to misunderstand it. By the affair at Fort Sumter, with
the second proof.
18 "Of independence," in the manuscript and first proof, deleted at this point
its surrounding circumstances, that point was reached. Then, and
by Seward. Deletion adopted by Lincoln.
thereby, the assailants of the Government, began the conflict of
19 "The administration hesitated." in the manuscript, changed in first proof to
the sentence in the text.
21 "But starving" changed in the manuscript to "and hungry."
20 The portion in parentheses appears in the manuscript as a revision of the
22 "On that occasion" inserted by Seward and adopted by Lincoln in the
following: "and of the existence of which the present administration had not
second proof.
23 "Aggress upon" changed in the manuscript to "assail."
been notified."
24 "Mystification" changed in the manuscript to "ingenious sophistry."
[424]
[425]
JULY 4, 1861
JULY 4, 1861
arms, without a gun in sight, or in expectancy, to return their fire,
Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas-the³³ Union sentiment was
save only the few in the Fort, sent to that harbor, years before, for
nearly repressed, and silenced. The course taken in Virginia was
their own protection, and still ready to give that protection, in
the most remarkable-perhaps the most important. A convention,
whatever was lawful. In this act, discarding all else, they have
elected by the people of that State, to consider this very question
forced upon the country, the distinct issue: "Immediate dissolu-
of disrupting the Federal Union, was in session at the capital of
tion, or blood."
Virginia when Fort Sumter fell. To this body the people had cho-
And this issue embraces more than the fate of these United
sen a large majority of professed Union men. Almost immediately
States. It presents to the whole family of man, the question,
after the fall of Sumter, many84 members of that majority went
whether a constitutional²⁵ republic, or a democracy-a govern-
over to the original disunion minority, and, with them, adopted
ment of the people, by the same people-can, or cannot, maintain
an ordinance for withdrawing the State from the Union. Whether
its territorial integrity, against its own domestic foes. It presents
this change was wrought by their great approval of the assault
the question, whether discontented individuals, too few in numbers
upon Sumter, or their great resentment at the government's resist-
to control administration, according to organic law, in any case,
ance to that assault, is not definitely known. Although⁸⁵ they sub-
can always, upon the pretences made in this case, or on any other
mitted the ordinance, for ratification, to a vote of the people, to
pretences, or arbitrarily, without any pretence, break up their Gov-
be taken on a day then³⁶ somewhat more than a month distant,37
ernment, and thus practically put an end to free government upon
the convention, and the Legislature, (which was also in session at
the earth. It forces us to ask: "Is there, in all republics, this in-
the same time and place) with leading men of the State, not mem-
herent, and fatal weakness?" "Must a government, of necessity,
bers of either, immediately commenced acting, as if the State
be too strong for the liberties of its own people, or too weak to
were88 already out of the Union. They pushed military prepara-
maintain its own existence?"
tions vigorously forward all over the state. They seized the United
So viewing the issue, no choice was left2⁶ but to call out the war
States Armory at Harper's Ferry, and the Navy-yard at Gosport,
power²⁷ of the Government; and so to resist force, employed for its
near Norfolk. They received-perhaps invited-into their state,
destruction, by force, for its preservation.
large bodies of troops, with their warlike appointments, from the
The call was made; and the response of the country was most
so-called seceded⁸⁹ States. They formally entered into a treaty of
gratifying;28 surpassing, in unanimity and spirit, the most san-
temporary alliance, and co-operation with the so-called "Confed-
guine expectation. Yet none of the States commonly called Slave-
erate States," 40 and sent members to their Congress at Montgom-
states, except Delaware,29 gave a Regiment through regular State
ery. And, finally, they permitted the insurrectionary government
organization. A few regiments have been organized within some
to be transferred to their capital at Richmond.
others³⁰ of those states, by individual enterprise, and received into
The people of Virginia have thus allowed this giant insurrection
the government service. Of course the seceded States, so called,
to make its nest within her borders; and this government has no
(and to which Texas had been joined about the time of the inau-
choice left but to deal with it, where it finds it. And it has the less
guration,) gave no troops to the cause of the Union. The border
regret, as the loyal citizens have, in due form, claimed its protec-
States, so called, were not uniform in their actions; some of them
38 "Were apparantly, quite against it," in the manuscript and first proof re-
being almost for the Union, while in⁸² others-as Virginia, North
placed in second proof with the conclusion of the sentence as reproduced here.
84 "Nearly all the" changed in the manuscript to "many."
25 "Constitutional republic, or a" inserted in second proof.
35 "They, however, submitted," in the manuscript, changed in first proof to
26 "The administration had no choice left," in the manuscript, changed to
"Although they submitted."
the present text in first proof.
86 "Then" in the manuscript, omitted in first proof, and inserted in the sec-
27 "Military power" changed in the manuscript to "war-power."
ond proof.
28 "To the administration," in the manuscript, deleted at this point in first
87 Period and new sentence beginning here in manuscript, changed in first
proof.
proof to the present text.
29 "Except patriotic Delaware" inserted by Seward and "except Delaware,"
88 "Was," in the manuscript and first proof, changed in the second proof to
adopted by Lincoln in second proof.
"were."
30 "Others" inserted in second proof.
89 "Confederate" changed in the manuscript to "seceded."
31 "United States service" changed in the manuscript to "government serv-
40 "Confederate States of America," in the manuscript and first proof, changed
ice."
32 "In" inserted in second proof.
to "Confederate States" by Seward and adopted by Lincoln in second proof.
[426]
[427]
JULY 4, 1861
JULY 4, 1861
tion. Those loyal⁴¹ citizens, this government is bound to recognize,
Other calls were made for volunteers,⁴⁶ to serve three years, un-
and protect, as being Virginia.
less sooner discharged; and also for large additions to the regular
In⁴² the border States, so called-in fact, the middle states—
Army and Navy. These measures, whether strictly legal or not,
there are those who favor a policy which they call "armed neu-
were ventured upon, under what appeared to be a popular de-
trality"-that is, an arming of those states to prevent the Union
mand, and a public necessity; trusting, then as now, that Congress
forces passing one way, or the disunion, the other, over their soil.
would readily ratify them. It is believed that nothing has been
This would be disunion completed. 43 Figuratively speaking, it
done beyond the constitutional competency of Congress.⁴⁷
would be the building of an impassable wall along the line of sep-
Soon after the first call for militia, it⁴⁸ was considered a duty to
aration. And yet, not quite an impassable one; for, under the guise
authorize the Commanding General, in proper cases, according to
of neutrality, it would tie the hands of the Union men, and freely
his discretion, to suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus;
pass supplies from among them, to the insurrectionists, which it
or, in other words, to arrest, and detain, without resort to the or-
could not do as an open enemy. At a stroke, it would take all the
dinary processes and forms of law, such individuals as he might
trouble off the hands of secession, except only what proceeds from
deem dangerous to the public safety. This⁴⁹ authority has purpose-
the external blockade. It would do for the disunionists that which,
ly been exercised but very sparingly. Nevertheless, the legality
of all things, they most desire-feed them well, and give them
and propriety of what has been done under it, are questioned;
disunion without a struggle of their own. It recognizes no fidelity
and⁵⁰ the attention of the country has been called to the proposi-
to the Constitution, no obligation to maintain the Union; and
while44 very many who have favored it are, doubtless, loyal citi-
ing next in the manuscript and first proof, as follows: "On more mature reflec-
zens, it is, nevertheless, treason in effect.
tion, with observation on current events, it was [the administration] concluded
that the measures adopted were inadequate to the occasion, both by reason of
Recurring to the action of the government, it may be stated that,
the very limited time the militia would be held to serve, and the general in-
at first, a call was made for seventy-five thousand militia; and
sufficiency of numbers in the regular land and naval forces." Lincoln had
rapidly following this, a proclamation was issued for closing the
changed "the administration concluded," appearing in the manuscript, to "it was
concluded" in first proof.
ports of the insurrectionary districts by proceedings in the nature
46 "Accordingly another call was made for
volunteers," in the manu-
of Blockade. So far all was believed to be strictly legal. At this
script and first proof, changed by Seward to the present reading adopted in
point the insurrectionists announced their purpose to enter upon
the second proof.
47 Two short paragraphs as revised in the manuscript and first proof are de-
the practice of privateering.⁴
leted at this point in the second proof by Seward. Deletion adopted by Lincoln.
They are as follows:
41 The sentence "Those citizens are Virginia," in the manuscript, changed
"Whether the proceedings in the nature of blockade, be technically a block-
in first proof to the sentence of the present text. Three additional sentences in
ade, scarcely needs to be considered; since foreign nations only claim what we
Lincoln's autograph appear immediately following this senterice inserted at
concede, that, as between them and us, the strict law of blockade shall apply.
bottom of page ten of first proof, but were deleted in favor of the full para-
"The attention of Congress is sought in aid of this means for suppressing the
graph autograph insertion (see note 42) at the same point. The deleted sentences
insurrection, as the one affording at once, the greatest efficiency, and least
are as follows: "Suppose two respectable gentlemen, both of whom have sworn
danger to life, of any at the control of the government."
to support the constitution of the United States, shall each, at the same time,
48 "I felt it my duty," in the manuscript, revised in first proof to "it was con-
claim to be Governor of Virginia. Which of the two should this government
sidered a duty."
recognize? Him who disregards, or him who keeps, his oath, in this respect?"
49 "At my verbal request, as well as by the Generals own inclination, this
42 This paragraph, not in the manuscript, occurs in first proof as an auto-
authority has been exercised," in the manuscript, revised in first proof to "This
graph page inserted.
authority has purposely been exercised."
43 "Consummated," in the autograph insertion in first proof, changed in the
50 The remainder of this sentence, the next two sentences, and the beginning
second proof to "completed."
of the next, were revised in first proof to the present text. In the manuscript
44 "While they may not all be traitors who have favored it, the thing is, in
they are as follows: "and I have been reminded from a high quarter that one
fact, treason in disguise," in the autograph insertion in first proof, changed by
who is sworn to 'take care that the laws be faithfully executed' should not him-
Seward to the reading adopted by Lincoln in the second proof, Lincoln adding
self be one to violate them. ["So I think" deleted in the manuscript.] Of course
the word "doubtless" to Seward's revision. "Treason" is amended to "very
I gave some consideration to the questions of power, and propriety, before I
injurious" in the Congressional Globe Appendix, which is followed by Nicolay
acted in this matter. The whole of the laws which I was sworn to take care that
and Hay, suggesting further revision before release for publication.
they be faithfully executed, were being resisted, and failing to be executed, in
45 Seward deleted, and Lincoln adopted in second proof, the sentence stand-
nearly one third of the states. Must I have allowed them," etc.
[428]
[429]
JULY 4, 1861
JULY 4, 1861
tion that one who is sworn to "take care that the laws be faith-
the provision was57 plainly made for a dangerous emergency, it⁸⁸
cánnot be believed⁵⁹ the framers of the instrument intended, that
fully executed," should not himself violate them. Of course some
in every case, the danger should run its course, until Congress
consideration was given to the questions of power, and propriety,
before this matter was acted upon. The whole of the laws which
could be called together; the very assembling of which might be
were required to be faithfully executed, were being resisted, and
prevented, as was intended in this case, by the rebellion.
failing of execution, in nearly one-third of the States. Must they
No⁶⁰ more extended argument is now offered; as an opinion, at
be allowed to finally fail of execution, even had it been perfectly
some length, will probably be presented by the Attorney General.
clear, that by the use of the means necessary to their execution,
Whether there shall be any legislation upon the subject, and if
some single law, made in such extreme tenderness of the citizen's
any, what, is⁶¹ submitted entirely to the better judgment of Con-
gress.
liberty, that51 practically, it relieves more of the guilty, than of the
innocent, should, to a very limited extent, be violated? To state the
The forbearance of this government had been so extraordinary,
question more directly, are all the laws, but one, to go unexecuted,
and so long continued, as to lead some foreign nations to shape
and the government itself go to pieces, lest that one be violated?⁵²
their action as if they supposed the early destruction of our nation-
Even⁵³ in such a case, would not the official oath be broken, if the
al Union was probable. While this, on discovery, gave the Execu-
government should be overthrown, when it was believed that dis-
tive some concern, he is now happy to say⁶² that the sovereignty,
regarding the single law, would tend to preserve it? But it was not
and rights of the United States, are now everywhere practically
believed that this question was presented. It was not believed that
respected by foreign powers; and a general sympathy with the
any law was violated. The provision of the Constitution that
country is manifested throughout the world.
"The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, shall not be suspended
The reports of the Secretaries of the Treasury, War, and the
unless when, in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety
Navy, will give the information in detail deemed necessary, and
may require it," is equivalent to a provision-is a provision-that
convenient for your deliberation, and action; while the Executive,
such privilege may be suspended when, in cases of rebellion, or in-
and all the Departments, will stand ready to supply omissions, or
vasion, the public safety does require it. It 4 was decided that we
to communicate new facts, considered important for you to know.
have a case of rebellion, and that the public safety does require
It⁶³ is now recommended that you give the legal means for mak-
the qualified suspension of the privilege of the writ55 which was
ing this contest a short, and a decisive one; that you⁶⁴ place at the
authorized to be made. Now it is insisted that Congress, and not
control of the government, for the work, at least four hundred
the Executive, is vested with this power. But the Constitution it-
57 "Plainly was made" in the manuscript, revised to "was plainly made" in
self, is silent as to which, or who, is to exercise the power; and as
first proof.
58 "I can not bring myself to believe that the framers of that instrument," in
51 In the manuscript the remainder of this sentence originally read that
the manuscript, revised to the present text in first proof.
"more rogues than honest men find shelter under it, should, to a very limited
59 "That" in first proof, deleted in second proof.
extent, be violated?" This was first revised to read as follows: "that practically
60 This sentence is inserted in Lincoln's autograph in first proof, replacing
more of the guilty than [of] the innocent, find shelter under it," etc. The sec-
the following, in the manuscript: "I enter upon no more extended argument; as
ond revision on the manuscript stands in the first proof and thereafter, except
an opinion, at some length, will be presented by the Attorney General."
for the insertion "of" in first proof as indicated in brackets.
61 "I submit," in the manuscript, revised to "is submitted" in first proof.
52 "Violated," in the first proof, changed by Seward in the second proof to
62 The remainder of this sentence is inserted in second proof by Seward and
"broken." Not adopted by Lincoln.
adopted by Lincoln, with minor changes in punctuation, in place of the follow-
53 This and the next two sentences inserted in first proof in Lincoln's auto-
ing in the manuscript and first proof: "he finds no cause of complaint against
graph revised three sentences in the manuscript which read as follows: "Even
the present course of any foreign power, upon this subject."
in such a case I should consider my official oath broken if I should allow the
63 "I now ask," in the manuscript, revised to "It is now recommended" in
government to be overthrown, when I might think the disregarding the single
first proof.
law would tend to preserve it. But, in this case I was not, in my own judgment,
64 The remainder of this sentence is revised to its present text in the second
driven to this ground. In my opinion I violated no law."
proof from the following wording in the manuscript and first proof: "that you
54 "I decided," in the manuscript, revised to "It was decided" in first proof.
55 "Of habeas corpus," in the manuscript and first proof, deleted in second
authorize to be applied to the work at least - hundred thousand men, and
three hundred millions of dollars." Seward had inserted "if necessary" follow-
proof.
56 "Which I authorized," in the manuscript, revised to "which was author-
ing "work" and "4" in the blank space. Lincoln adopted only the latter sug-
gestion.
ized," in first proof.
[431]
[430]
JULY 4, 1861
JULY 4,, 1861
thousand men, and four hundred millions of dollars. That number
insidious debauching of the public mind.⁷² They invented an⁷⁸ in-
of men is about one tenth⁶⁵ of those of proper ages within the
genious sophism, which, if conceded, was followed by perfectly
regions where, apparently,⁶⁶ all are willing to engage; and the sum
logical steps, through all the incidents, to the complete destruction
is less than a twentythird part of the money value owned by the
of the Union. The sophism itself⁷⁴ is, that any state of the Union
men who seem⁶⁸ ready to devote the whole. A debt of six hundred
may, consistently with the national Constitution, and therefore
millions of dollars now, is a less sum per head, than was the debt
lawfully, and peacefully, withdraw from the Union, without the
of our revolution, when we came out of that struggle; and the
consent of the Union, or of any other state. The little disguise that
money value in the country now, bears even a greater proportion
the supposed right is to be exercised only for just cause, themselves
to what it was then, than does the population. Surely each man
to be the75 sole judge of its justice, is too thin to merit any
has as strong a motive now, to preserve our liberties, as each had
notice.
then, to establish them.
With rebellion thus sugar-coated, they have been drugging the
A right result, at this time, will be worth more to the world,
public mind of their section for more than thirty years; and, until
than ten times the men, and ten times the money.⁶⁹ The evidence
at length, they have brought many good men to a willingness to
reaching us from the country, leaves no doubt, that the material
take up arms against the government the day after some assem-
for the work is abundant; and that it needs only the hand of legis-
blage of men have enacted the farcical pretence of taking their
lation to give it legal sanction, and the hand of the Executive to
State out of the Union, who could have been brought to no such
give it practical shape and efficiency. One⁷⁰ of the greatest perplex-
thing the day before.
ities of the government, is to avoid receiving troops faster than it
This sophism derives much-perhaps the whole-of its cur-
can provide for them. In a word, the people will save their gov-
rency, from the assumption, that there is some omnipotent, and
ernment, if the government itself, will do its part, only indiffer-
sacred supremacy, pertaining to a State-to each State of our Fed-
ently well.
eral Union. Our States have neither more, nor less power, than
It might seem, at first thought, to be of⁷¹ little difference whether
that reserved to them, in the Union, by the Constitution-no one
the present movement at the South be called "secession" or "re-
of them ever having been a State out of the Union. The original
bellion." The movers, however, well understand the difference. At
ones passed into the Union even before they cast off their British
the beginning, they knew they could never raise their treason to
colonial dependence; and the new ones each came into the Union
any respectable magnitude, by any name which implies violation
directly from a condition of dependence, excepting Texas. And
of law. They knew their people possessed as much of moral sense,
even Texas, in its temporary independence, was never designated
as much of devotion to law and order, and as much pride in, and
a State. The new ones only took the designation of States, on com-
reverence for, the history, and government, of their common
ing into the Union, while that name was first adopted for the old
country, as any other civilized, and patriotic people. They knew
ones, in, and by, the Declaration of Independence. Therein the
they could make no advancement directly in the teeth of these
"United Colonies" were declared to be "Free and Independent
strong and noble sentiments. Accordingly they commenced by an
States"; but, even then, the object plainly was not to declare their
65 "Less than one twelfth," in the manuscript and first proof, changed in
independence of one another, or of the Union; but directly the
second proof to "about one tenth."
66 "Apparently" inserted in first proof.
contrary, as their mutual pledge, and their mutual action, before,
67 "Thirtieth," in the manuscript and first proof, changed in second proof
at the time,⁷⁶ and afterwards, abundantly show. The express
to "twentythird."
plighting of faith, by each and all of the original thirteen, in the
68 "Are," in the manuscript, changed to "seem" in first proof.
69 "It will cost," in the manuscript and first proof at the end of this sentence,
Articles of Confederation, two years later, that the Union shall
deleted in second proof.
72 "Morals" in the manuscript changed to "mind."
70 This sentence was inserted in the manuscript in place of the following:
"The War Department has great trouble to avoid receiving troops faster than
73 "A single," in the manuscript, changed to "an" in first proof.
it can provide them." Although Lincoln kept "provide them" in his revision, the
74 "Was, and," standing at this point in the manuscript and first proof, de-
leted in second proof. Italics in this sentence were added in first proof.
printer made it "provide for them," in second proof.
75 "The" not in the manuscript, but is in first proof.
71 "Of" not in the manuscript, but printed in first proof and kept in second
76 "Then" in the manuscript, changed to "at the time" in three pages of man-
proof.
uscript revision which replaced page eighteen of the first proof.
[432]
[433
JULY 4, 1861
JULY 4, 1861
be perpetual, is most conclusive. Having never been States, either
made the Union; and, in turn, the Union threw off their old de-
in substance, or in name, outside of the Union, whence this mag-
pendence, for them,84 and made them States, such as they are.
Not one of them ever had a State constitution, independent
ical omnipotence of "State rights," asserting a claim of power⁷⁷
to lawfully destroy the Union itself? Much is said about the "sov-
of the Union. Of course, it is not forgotten that all the new
ereignty" of the States; but the word, even, is not in the national
States framed their constitutions, before they entered the Union;
Constitution; nor, as is⁷⁸ believed, in any of the State constitutions.
nevertheless, dependent upon, and preparatory to, coming into
What⁷⁹ is a "sovereignty," in the political sense of the term?
the Union.
Would it be far wrong to define it "A political community, with-
Unquestionably the States have the powers, and rights, reserved
out a political superior"? Tested by this, no one of our States, ex-
to them in, and by the National Constitution; but among these,85
cept Texas, ever was a sovereignty. And even Texas gave up the
surely, are not included all conceivable powers, however mischie-
character on coming into the Union; by which act, she acknowl-
vous, or destructive; but, at most, such only, as were known in the
edged the Constitution of the United States, and the laws and
world, at the time, as governmental powers; and certainly, a
treaties of the United States made in pursuance of the Constitu-
power to destroy the government itself, had never been known as
tion, to be, for her, the supreme law of the land. The States have
a governmental-as a merely administrative power. This relative
their status IN the Union, and they have no other legal status. If
matter of National power, and State rights, as a principle, is no
they break from this, they⁸⁰ can only do so against law, and by
other than the principle of generality, and locality. Whatever con-
revolution. The81 Union, and not themselves separately, procured
cerns the whole, should be confided to the whole—to the general
their independence, and their liberty. By conquest, or purchase,
government; while, whatever concerns only the State, should be
the Union gave each of them, whatever of independence, and lib-
left exclusively, to the State. This is all there is of original prin-
erty, it has. The Union is older than any of the States; and, in fact,
ciple about it. Whether the National Constitution, in defining
it created them as States.⁸² Originally,83 some dependent colonies
boundaries between the two, has applied the principle with exact
accuracy, is not to be questioned. We are all bound by that de-
77 "Of power" appears in manuscript revision of first proof, but not in the
fining, without question.
original manuscript.
78 "I believe" in the original manuscript, changed to "is believed" in the
What⁸⁸ is now combatted, is the position that secession is con-
sistent with the Constitution-is lawful, and peaceful. It is not
autograph revision of page eighteen in first proof.
79 Four sentences beginning here are not in the manuscript but appear in the
contended that there is any express law for it; and nothing should
autograph revision of page eighteen of the first proof.
80 "It can only be against law, and by revolution," in the manuscript,
ever be implied as law, which leads to unjust, or absurd conse-
changed to "they can only do so, against law, and by revolution" in autograph
quences. The nation purchased, with money, the countries out of
revision of page eighteen in first proof.
which several of these States were formed. Is it just that they shall
81 This sentence and the next do not appear in the manuscript, but are in
go off without leave, and without refunding? The nation paid very
the autograph revision of page eighteen of first proof.
82 The sentence appearing next in the manuscript pages inserted to replace
large sums, (in the aggregate, I believe, nearly a hundred mil-
page eighteen of first proof, is deleted in second proof: "As states, the Union
lions) to relieve Florida of the aboriginal tribes. Is it just that she
gave birth to them." This sentence was itself a revision of a longer sentence in
shall now be off without consent, or without making any return?
the original manuscript: "As states, they were born into the Union, not one of
them, except Texas, ever having had a State Constitution, independent of the
The nation is now in debt for money applied to the benefit of these
so-called seceding States, in common with the rest. Is it just, either
Union." 83 The remainder of this paragraph and the next paragraph are as revised
that87 creditors shall go unpaid, or the remaining States pay the
in first proof. The manuscript version is as follows: "Unquestionably they have
the powers reserved to them by the constitution; but in those, are not included
all conceiveable powers, however mischievous or destructive; but such only, as
84 "For them" inserted in second proof.
were known in the world, at the time, as governmental powers; and surely a
85 "Those," in the manuscript pages replacing page eighteen in first proof,
power to destroy the government itself, was not intended to be among these. And
changed to "these" in second proof.
86 "I am combatting the position that secession is consistent with the consti-
if not intended, it has no existence.
"The right of revolution, is never a legal right. The very term implies the
tution-is peaceful, and lawful," in the manuscript, revised to the present text
breaking, and not the abiding by, organic law. At most, it is but a moral right,
in first proof.
when exercised for a morally justifiable cause. When exercised without such
87 "The creditors," in the manuscript and first proof, changed to "creditors"
a cause revolution is no right, but simply a wicked exercise of physical power."
in second proof.
[434]
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JULY 4,, 1861
JULY 4, 1861
whole? A part of the present national debt was contracted to pay
of minorities.⁹³ They⁹⁴ are not partial to that power which made
the old debts of Texas. Is it just that she shall leave, and pay no
the Constitution, and speaks from the preamble, calling itself "We,
part of this herself?
the People."
Again, if one State may secede, so may another; and when all
It may well be questioned whether there is, to-day, a majority
shall have seceded, none is left to pay the debts. Is this quite just to
of the legally qualified voters of any State, except perhaps⁹⁵ South
creditors? Did we notify them of this sage view of ours, when
Carolina, in favor of disunion. There is much reason to believe
we borrowed their money? If we now recognize this doctrine, by
that⁹⁶ the Union men are the majority in many, if not in every
allowing the seceders to go in peace, it is difficult to see what we
other one, of the so-called seceded States. The contrary has not
can88 do, if others choose to go, or to extort terms upon which they
been demonstrated in any one of them. It is ventured to affirm97
will promise to remain.⁸⁹
this, even of Virginia and Tennessee; for the result of an election,
The seceders insist that our Constitution admits of secession.
held in military camps, where the bayonets are all on one side
They have assumed to make a National Constitution of their own,
of the question voted upon, can scarcely be considered as demon-
in which,90 of necessity, they have either discarded, or retained,
strating⁹⁸ popular sentiment. At such an election, all that large
the right of secession, as they insist, it exists in ours. If they have
class who are, at once, for the Union, and against coercion, would
discarded it, they thereby admit that, on principle, it ought not to
be coerced to vote against the Union.9
be in ours. If they have retained it, by their own construction of
It may be affirmed, without extravagance, that the free institu-
ours they show that91 to be consistent they must secede from one
tions we enjoy, have developed the powers, and improved the con-
another, whenever they shall find it the easiest way of settling
dition, of our whole people, beyond any example in the world. Of
their debts, or effecting any other selfish, or unjust object. The
this we now have a striking, and an impressive illustration. So
principle itself is one of disintegration, and upon which no govern-
large an army as the government has now on foot, was never be-
ment can possibly endure.
fore known, without a soldier in it, but who had taken his place
If all the States, save one, should assert the power to drive that
there, of his own free choice. But more than this: there are many
one out of the Union, it is presumed the whole class of seceder
single Regiments whose members, one and another, possess full
politicians would at once deny the power, and denounce the act as
practical knowledge of all the arts, sciences, professions, and what-
the greatest outrage upon State rights. But suppose that precisely
ever else, whether useful or elegant, is known in the world; and
the same act, instead of being called "driving the one out," should
there is scarcely one, from which there could not be selected, a
be called "the seceding of the others from that one," it would be
President, a Cabinet, a Congress, and perhaps a Court, abundantly
exactly what the seceders claim to do; unless, indeed,92 they make
competent to administer the government itself. Nor do I say¹⁰⁰
the point, that the one, because it is a minority, may rightfully
this is not true, also, in the army of our late friends, now adver-
do, what the others, because they are a majority, may not right-
saries, in this contest; but if it is, so much better the reason why
fully do. These politicians are subtle, and profound, on the rights
93 "Ever elevating them above the rights of majorities," appearing in the
88 "Are to" in the manuscript, changed to "can" in first proof.
manuscript at this point, deleted in first proof.
89 "In such case, shall we find any more lenders of money, however much we
94 In the manuscript and first proof the beginning of this sentence reads, "The
may need them?" appearing at this point in the manuscript, deleted in first
dread of their existence is that power.
etc., changed in second proof to the
proof.
present text.
90 The remainder of this sentence and the next two are revised in first proof
95 "Perhaps" inserted by Seward and adopted by Lincoln in second proof.
and second proof to the present text. In the manuscript they appear as follows:
96 "That" inserted in first proof.
"they have departed from ours, in this respect, or they have not. If they have
97 "Say," in the manuscript, changed to "affirm" in first proof.
departed from ours, they thereby admit that ours ought to be as they have made
98 "Demonstrative of" as misprinted in first proof, corrected by Lincoln to
theirs, cutting off the right of secession. If they have not departed from ours,
"demonstrating."
by their own theoretic and practical construction of ours, which they copy in
99 "And even others, more decidedly for the Union, in sentiment, would be
this respect, they show that they will secede from one another, whenever they
carried the same way," appearing at this point in the manuscript, deleted in first
shall find it the easiest way of settling their debts, or effecting any other selfish,
proof.
or unjust object."
100 "Nor do I know that," in the manuscript and first proof, changed by Sew-
91 "They will," in first proof, replaced in the second proof with "to be con-
ard to "I do not say that," and revised by Lincoln in second proof to the present
sistent they must."
02 "Indeed" inserted in first proof.
text.
[436]
[437]
JULY 4, 1861
JULY 4, 1861
the government, which has conferred such benefits on both them
lute law. This is the patriotic instinct of the plain people.
and us, should not be broken up. Whoever, in any section, pro-
They understand, without an argument, that¹⁰⁷ destroying the
poses to abandon such a government, would do well to consider, in
government, which was made by Washington, means no good
deference to what principle it is, that he does it-what better he
to them.
is likely to get in its stead-whether the substitute will give, or
Our popular government has often been called an experiment.
be intended to give, so much of good to the people. There are some
Two points in it, our people have already settled-the successful
foreshadowings on this subject. Our adversaries have adopted some
establishing, and the successful administering of it. One still re-
Declarations of Independence; in which, unlike the good old one,
mains—its¹⁰⁸ successful maintenance¹⁰⁹ against a formidable [in-
penned by Jefferson, they omit the words "all men are created
ternal]¹¹⁰ attempt to overthrow it. It is now for them to demon-
equal." Why? They have adopted a temporary national constitu-
strate to the world, that those who can fairly carry an election,
tion, in the preamble of which, unlike our good old one, signed by
can also suppress a rebellion¹¹¹-that ballots are the rightful, and
Washington, they omit "We, the People," and substitute "We,
peaceful, successors of bullets; and that when ballots have fairly,
the deputies of the sovereign and independent States." Why?¹⁰¹
and constitutionally, decided, there can be no successful appeal,
Why this deliberate pressing out of view, the rights of men, and
back to bullets; that¹¹² there can be no successful appeal, except
the authority of the people?
to ballots themselves, at succeeding elections. Such will be a great
This is essentially a People's contest. On the side of the Union,
lesson of peace; teaching men that what they cannot take by an
it is a struggle for maintaining in the world, that form, and sub-
election, neither can they take it by a war-teaching all, the folly
stance of government, whose leading object is, to elevate the con-
of being the beginners of a war.
dition of men-to lift artificial weights from all shoulders-to
Lest there be some uneasiness in the minds of candid men, as
clear the paths of laudable pursuit for all-to afford all, an un-
to what is to be the course of the government, towards the South-
fettered start, and a fair chance, in the race of life. Yielding to
ern States, after the rebellion shall have been suppressed, the Exec-
partial, and temporary departures, from necessity, this is the lead-
utive deems it proper to say, it will be his purpose then, as ever,
ing object of the government for whose existence we contend.
to be guided by the Constitution, and the laws; and that he prob-
I am most happy to believe that the plain people understand,
ably will have no different understanding of the powers, and duties
and appreciate this. It is worthy of note, that while in this, the
of the Federal government, relatively¹¹³ to the rights of the States,
government's hour of trial, large numbers of those in the Army
and the people, under the Constitution, than that expressed in the
and Navy, who have been favored with the offices, have resigned,
inaugural address.¹¹⁴
and proved¹⁰² false to the¹⁰³ hand which had pampered them, not
He desires to preserve the government, that it may be admin-
one common soldier, or common sailor is¹⁰⁴ is known to have de-
istered for all, as it was administered by the men who made it.
serted his flag.
Loyal citizens everywhere, have the right to claim this of their
Great¹⁰⁵ honor is due to those officers who remain true, despite
government; and the government has no right to withhold, or
the example of their treacherous associates; but the greatest honor,
neglect it. It is not perceived that, in giving it, there is any coer-
and most important fact of all, is the unanimous firmness of the
common soldiers, and common sailors. To the last man, so far as
107 "The," in the manuscript and first proof, deleted in second proof.
known,¹⁰⁶ they have successfully resisted the traitorous efforts of
108 "The," in the manuscript and first proof, changed to "it's" in second proof.
109 "Of it," at this point in the manuscript and first proof, deleted in second
those, whose commands, but an hour before, they obeyed as abso-
proof.
110 "Internal" inserted at this point as printed in the Congressional Globe Ap-
101 "Why this?" in the manuscript, changed to "Why?" in first proof.
pendix which is followed by Nicolay and Hay.
102 "Played," in the manuscript and first proof, changed to "proved" in second
111 "That those who can not carry an election, can not destroy the govern-
ment," appearing at this point in the manuscript, deleted in first proof.
proof.
103 "Very," in the manuscript and first proof, deleted in second proof.
112 The remainder of this sentence inserted in first proof.
104 "Has," in the manuscript and first proof, changed to "is known to have" in
113 "Relative," in the manuscript and first proof, changed to "relatively" in
second proof.
second proof.
105 "Greater" in the manuscript and first proof, changed in second proof to
114 The manuscript ends at this point. The remainder of the Message was
"Great."
106 "So far as known" inserted in second proof.
composed after first proof had been set.
[439]
JULY 4, 1861
JULY 4, 1861
cion, any conquest, or any subjugation,115 in any just sense of
And having thus chosen our course, without guile, and with
those terms.
pure purpose, let us renew our trust in God,¹¹⁸ and go forward
The Constitution provides, and all the States have accepted the
without fear, and with manly hearts.
ABRAHAM LINCOLN
provision, that "The United States shall guarantee to every State
July 4, 1861.
in this Union a republican form of government." But, if a State
118 "In the justness of God" as first written, revised to "in God" in the auto-
may lawfully go out of the Union, having done so, it may also
graph pages of first proof.
discard the republican form of government; so that to prevent its
going out, is an indispensable means, to the end, of maintaining
the guaranty mentioned; and when an end is lawful and obliga-
Memorandum:
tory, the indispensable means to it, are also lawful, and obligatory.
Appointment of Horatio N. Taft, Jr.¹
It was with the deepest regret that the Executive found the duty
of employing the war-power, in defence of the government, forced
[July 4,, 1861]
upon him. He could but perform this duty, or surrender the ex-
Horatio N. Taft, the boy-bearer of this, wishes to be a page. By
istence of the government. No¹¹⁶ compromise, by public servants,
the within, his father seems to be willing; and, as he is a play-mate
could, in this case, be a cure; not that compromises are not often
of my little boys, I am quite willing.
A. LINCOLN
proper, but that no popular government can long survive a marked
1 AES, owned by Leo MacDonough, Huntington Park, California. Lincoln
precedent, that those who carry an election, can only save the
wrote the endorsement on the back of a note dated July 4, 1861, from Horatio N.
government from immediate destruction, by giving up the main
Taft, chief examiner in the patent office. Appointed by President Buchanan, Taft
was retained by Lincoln because of his staunch Union sympathies. His note reads:
point, upon which the people gave the election. The people them-
"Should the President feel disposed to favor the request of the bearer my son
selves, and not their servants, can safely reverse their own delib-
who seems determined to assert his Independence, his kindness would be highly
erate decisions. As a private citizen, the Executive11 could not have
appreciated." Since page boys are not listed in the U.S. Official Register as of
consented that these institutions shall perish; much less could he,
September 30, 1861, the outcome of the boy's application has not been determined.
in betrayal of so vast, and so sacred a trust, as these free people
had confided to him. He felt that he had no moral right to shrink;
nor even to count the chances of his own life, in what might fol-
Remarks at a Review of New York Regiments¹
low. In full view of his great responsibility, he has, so far, done
July 4, 1861
what he has deemed his duty. You will now, according to your
Gentlemen: I trust you will not censure me for thus appearing
own judgment, perform yours. He sincerely hopes that your views,
before you, and assuming such a prominent position, for there is a
and your action, may so accord with his, as to assure all faithful
kind of rule that constrains me to do so. I am aware that you are
citizens, who have been disturbed in their rights, of a certain, and
more desirous of having Gen. Scott appear before you than myself,
speedy restoration to them, under the Constitution, and the laws.
and I therefore take great pleasure in introducing him to you.
115 "Which any honest man should regret," which concludes this sentence in
Lincoln's autograph insertion at this point in the first proof, is changed by Sew-
Gentlemen, I appear before you in obedience to your call; not,
ard in the second proof to "or any deprivation of any citizen of any right of life,
however, to make a speech. I have made a great many poor speeches
liberty, or pursuit of happiness, guaranteed to him by the Constitution or the
in my life, and I feel considerably relieved now to know that the
laws of the land." Lincoln did not follow Seward's revision, but changed the con-
clusion of the sentence to the present text, and added the next paragraph follow-
dignity of the position in which I have been placed does not per-
ing.
mit me to expose myself any longer. ["Go on!" and laughter.] I
116 This sentence and the next are revised in the autograph pages of first proof
therefore take shelter, most gladly, in standing back and allowing
to the present text. As first written they were as follows: "No compromise could,
in his judgment, be a cure; but, at best, could only be a little more lingering death
you to hear speeches from gentlemen who are so very much more
to our popular institutions. No popular government can long survive a precedent,
able to make them than myself. ["Go on!"] I thank you for the
that those who have carried an election, must, on pain of death to the government
kindness of your call, but I must keep good my word, and not be
itself, surrender the point upon which the people gave the election."
117 "He," in the autograph pages of revision at the end of the first proof,
led into a speech, as I told you I did not appear for that purpose.
changed to "the Executive" in second proof.
[Laughter and applause.]
[440]
[441]
copy Made
from original
April 6, 1992
12 ABC file
To:
Bob Simon
07 4-7-92
John Howard
M
X 2816
From:
Subject: American Business Conference
Tuesday, April 7, 1992
As we discussed, attached is information from the Department of
Justice regarding the "progress" of the product liability and
medical malpractice reform legislation over the past years. Our
civil justice legislation, The Access the Justice Act of 1992,
was introduced on February 4, 1992.
From my experience with ABC, I think that the group would respond
favorably to a direct request for assistance. The following may
be appropriate for inclusion on page 4 at the end of the first
full paragraph (April 3, Draft Three) :
Reforming our legal system will not be easy. But with
your help, it can be done. We need ABC members to help
us fight the unnecessary lawsuits, the high costs and
interminable delays in the system.
As a final comment, the litigation "horror story" that you use is
one which would have been brought under the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, most likely SEC Rule 10b-5. Last year in Lampf, the
Supreme Court interpreted the 1934 Securities Act to require a 1
year statute of limitations. The Lampf decision resolved years
of uncertainty as to the appropriate statute of limitations (some
Courts of Appeals had held that the statute was 2 years).
Within a matter of months, a legislative initiative was
introduced to reverse Lampf. This proposal, the Bryan Bill,
would extend the statute of limitation, and in general, encourage
litigation of the type detailed in speech. I am also attaching
examples of ABC's efforts to oppose the Bryan bill.
Please let me know if you would like any additional information.
Attachments
FACSIMILE TRANSMISSION
Office of the Assistant Attorney General
Civil Division
U.S. Department of Justice
Washington, D.C. 20530
Fax Number: (202) 514-8071 (Commercial)
368-8071 (FTS)
FROM:
Janice Calabresi
DATE/TIME: 4/6/92
(Print Name)
TELEPHONE NUMBER:
514-3045
TO:
John Howard
(Print Name)
456-7044
DESTINATION'S FAX NUMBER:
456-2816
DESTINATION'S VOICE VERIFICATION NUMBER:
NUMBER OF PAGES (EXCLUDING COVER SHEET) :
5
John-
Message/comments:
By all reports over here neither Medical Malpractice nor
Product Liability are going anywhere on the hill. They are
both stalled. Faith Burton from OLA says no hearings have
held or scheduled- there is substantial resistance from the
plaintiff's lobby -- S. 645 a general; aviation bill got som
hearings last fall and then stalled -- S. 640 the Kasten bi
is out of Committee & pending on the Senate Calendar but is
unlikely to see any action. Attached is a memo on product
liability "progress" that I got from Jeffrey. Iwlet you
know if I learn any more.
-Janice
APR- 6-92 MON 10:24
P.82
CROWELL & MORIN
095:rmg
99280.011
MEMORANDUM
TO: Mr. Jeffrey Axelrad, Director - Toxts Branch
FROM: Victor E. Schwartz, Esquire 24
DATE: March 23, 1992
RE: Federal Product Liability Update
Since S.640 was reported out of the Senate Commerce Committee
in mid-October, Federal product liability appears to be at a
stall. This is true because two of the principal Senate
co-sponsors of S.640, Senators Rockefeller and Danforth, have not
agreed on a strategy. Senator Rockefeller would prefer to have
the Bill proceed "in the normal legislative process" and include a
sequential referral to the Judiciary Committee. At one point in
time in early December it appeared that the Judiaiary Committee
would be willing to agree to a referral date of March 15, 1992.
Senator Danforth's staff did not accept this apparent offer. At
present, Senator Rockefeller has been having discussions with
Senator Biden to see if another date can be agreed upon.
Meanwhile, Senator Danforth wants to move the Bill directly
to the Floor and offer it as an amendment on "an appropriate"
bill. One possibility is the Civil Rights Bill, S.2062. That
legislation would end punitive damages "caps" in civil rights
actions dealing with sexual harassment. It is a bill sought by
consumer groups, women's rights groups, and parts of the liberal
element generally not enamored of the Federal Product Liability
APR- 6-92 MON 10:25
P.03
CROWELL & MORIN
Bill. On the other hand, many believe the Bill will pass and will
be signed by the President. There is business opposition to
S.2062, and the addition of product liability on that legislation
would not necessarily kill that opposition.
The bottom line is that I expect Senator Danforth's strategy
to be the one that will be pursued. It ia likely that 6,640 will
be offered as an amendment to some legislation prior to the Easter
recess.
There are now 37 co-sponsors of the Senate Bill. Senator
Pate Domenici (R-NMX) joined as a co-sponsor & couple of weeks
ago,
THE "SUBROGATION LIEN" PROBLEM.
As you know, both S.640 and H.R. 3030 eliminate the
subrogation lien in workplace product liability cases when an
employer has been at fault. The National Federation of
Independent Business (NFIB), the principal lobbying group for
small business, has opposed that provision in its present form.
NFIB has indicated it will move to strike this provision of the
Bill if it goes to the Floor and, if they are unsuccessful in that
effort, they will oppose the measure as a whole. We have been
conducting negotiations to try to bring about a reconciliation
within the business community about this particular provision of
the Bill. An approach that appears to be acceptable to all sides
is to modify the Bill às it now stands. Currently, the Bill
requires an employer to prove that he was innocent of fault if he
is to retain a subrogation lien. Under the new approach, the
APR- 6-92 MON 10:26
P.04
CROWELL & MOR
employer would be presumed to be "not at fault," and the
manufacturer of the capital good or chemical would have to show
that the accident occurred, at least in part, because of employer
fault. The product manufacturer would have to bring the employer
into the product liability action in order to prove this, althoug
the employer could have the option of saying, "No contest." If
the product manufacturer chooses to bring the employer in and
fails to show employer fault, under the new approach, the
manufacturer would have to pay the employers' reasonable
attorneys' fees. Drafts are being exchanged within the business
community at this time in regard to this compromise. The NFIB has
indicated that 11 12 decides that the new language is to its
liking, it will put its full lobbying force behind Federal product
liability. NFIB has never done this in the past ten years. In my
judgment, NFIB's support could make a significant and favorable
difference with respect to the Senate vote on product liability
and the possibility of creating some meaningful action in the
House.
THE HOUSE,
There has been virtually no movement of the companion bill in
the House. There are approximately 150 co-sponsors and that drive
has not flourished of late. We are still in a "chicken and egg"
situation in the House. Mr. Dingell, a co-sponsor, continues to
stress that he is for the legislation and points to the fact that
his Committee, Energy and Commerce, approved a more "pro-defense"
measure in the 100th Congress by a 30 to 12 vote. Nevertheless,
- 3 -
APR- 6-92 MON 10:27
P.05
CROWELL & MOR
he does not want to put his "Committee through the ringer again"
unless there are signs of life for the Bill in the House Judiciar
Committee. As you will recall, the House Product Liability Bill,
H.R. 3030, was jointly referred to both the Energy and Commerce
and Judiciary Committees. It must be reported out by both
Committees if it is to come up for a vote on the Floor. The
Danforth Senate strategy cannot work in the House because there
are "relevancy rules," and a Member simply cannot tack H.R. 3030
onto other legislation.
There will be showcase hearings on product liability before
the Exports, Tax Policy and Special Problems Subcommittee of the
House Small Business Committee on April 7. The Chairman of the
Full Committee, John LaFalce, has indicated he will attend those
hearings. It is also likely that showcase hearings will be held
before the Technology and Competitiveness Subcommittee of the
Science, Space and Technology Committee of the House.
(Representative Valentine, Chair).
The business community has organized a very strong grassroots
effort under the aegis of a firm called Direct Impact. They are
working to assure that if 6.640 hits the Floor, parliamentary
devices will be beaten back, and the Bill will receive a favorable
vote. It is the view of the various product liability coalitions,
and mine also, that if the Bill passes the Senate, very strong
pressure will be placed on Mr. Brooks, Chair of the House
Judiciary Committee, to hold hearings. Nevertheless, I take very
seriously the message given to me by the plaintiffs' bar sometime
ago --- that they have Mr. Brooks "locked."
4 -
P.06
:APR- 6-92 MON 10:27
CROWELL & Mo:
The Administration continues to support Federal product
liability reform, and the general issue of liability and judicia
process reform has been moved up to one of the key five points c
the President's Domestic Policy Program.
If you have any questions, please call.
- 5 -
0.3
Breeden Defends Quayle's Preview Request
rights of defrauded investors, and he
would find itself in a situation where
By David S. Hilzenrath
disagreed with arguments that the bill
what it has to say had to be cleared in
Washington Post Staff Writer
would encourage costly, frivolous law-
advance by any other part of the gov
Securities and Exchange Commis-
suits A broad array of business groups
emment," Banking Committee Chair-
sion Chairman Richard C. Breeden
opposes the bill on those grounds.
man Donald W. Riegle In (D-Mich.)
said yesterday it was perfectly appro-
Quayle stepped into the fray over
said at the hearing
priate" for Vice President Quayle to
the bill uesday when he was asked a
Breeden said that he did not recall
request a preview of Breeden's con-
question about it in an appearance be
the vice president's office ever asking
gressional testimony in favor of a bill
fore a group of business executives. 1
for an advance copy of his testimony
to give shareholders more time to sue
can assure you that the testimony of
before. But he said the SEC has sent
corporations for securities fraud.
Mr. Breeden will be obviously very
advance copies of testimony to other
1 don't see anything sinister or un
closely examined and we will make
White House offices and government
usual about their wanting to know
sure that this issue is properly venti-
agencies "on many occasions.
what our views are on this issue,"
lated before he testifies tomorrow,
Breeden said Quayle's interest in the
Breeden said following his appearance
Quayle told the executives Tuesday.
bill was natural in light of Quayle's
before a Senate subcommittee. Quayle
Quayle's comment attracted atten-
concern that excess litigation threat
made no effort to change his testimo-
tion because the SEC, an independent
ens U.S. economic competitiveness
ny, and Breeden "didn't move a com-
agency, does not answer to the White
However, Breeden said the bill may
ma," Breeden said.
House.
well result in less litigation, not more,
Breeden told the Senate Banking
he branches of government do
as investors who may have been
subcommittee on securities that the
need to talk to one another, but I
cheated will not have an incentive to
longer statute of limitations the bill
would hope that there would never be
file a hasty lawsuit due to an extreme-
would provide is needed to protect the
2 time in which an independent agency
ly fast shot clock.
Barry K. Rogstad
President
AmericanBusinessConference
1730 K Street, NW Suite 1200
Washington, DC 20006
(202) 822-9300
FAX (202) 467-4070
MEMORANDUM
To:
John Howard & David McIntosh
From: Barry Rogstad
Date: October 17, 1991
During our conversation last week, I promised to send you both the
attached. It was prepared for a business coalition of which ABC is a
member. The purpose of the coalition is to evolve proposals for
combatting unwarranted litigation under SEC Rule 10b-5. Rule 10b-5 covers
rights of action in cases of securities fraud.
If Congress adopts a proposal sponsored by Senator Bryan to broaden the
statute of limitations beyond the standard set by the Supreme Court in the
Lampf decision, it has an equal responsibility to see that such
legislation carries solid reforms to counter the explosion in frivolous
suits brought under 10b-5. This paper offers some suggestions to that
end. Much of it was inspired by the very good work done by the
President's Council on Competitiveness.
Absent a commitment to reform, the Bryan Amendment and similar legislation
in the House, should be defeated.
I am very interested to know your current thinking in this matter. ABC
wants to do more than simply carry water for the coalition: we are with
you for the long-term in reforming the litigation system.
Barry
A Coalition of Growth Companies
Measures To Combat Unwarranted 10b-5 Litigation
There is clear evidence that the implied right of action for
violations of SEC Rule 10b-5 is not functioning as an effective
remedy for securities fraud. The system of litigation spawned by
this provision (which was established piecemeal by the courts and
has never been examined on a comprehensive basis by Congress)
neither channels benefits to investors actually injured by
securities fraud nor focuses the burdens of litigation and
liability for damages upon those who engage in fraudulent
activities. Recent empirical studies of 10b-5 class actions have
shown that virtually all claims meritorious and frivolous are
treated alike. These actions are almost always settled in
contrast to a settlement rate of approximately 60% for civil
actions generally -- and in amounts bearing no relation to the
merits of the underlying claim but linked only to the amount of
damages sought in the complaint or the extent of the defendants'
insurance coverage. See Alexander, Do the Merits Matter? A Study
of Settlements in Securities Class Actions, 43 Stan. L. Rev. 497
(1991) ; O'Brien, The Class-Action Shakedown Racket, Wall St. J.,
Sept. 10, 1991. Thus, plaintiffs who have suffered genuine injury
are not getting the compensation they deserve while plaintiffs who
have brought unjustified lawsuits are receiving a windfall. And
defendants who have not engaged in any wrongdoing are in effect
forced to bear costs that should be paid by true fraud-doers.
The basic problem with the current system is that it imposes
coercive pressure on defendants to enter into settlements in every
case, even those in which the defendants have a strong defense on
the merits. The system fails to distinguish efficiently between
meritorious and unjustified claims at an early stage of the
litigation, thereby forcing defendants to shoulder enormous costs
in terms of attorneys' fees and disruption of business if they wish
to defend the lawsuit. Even if the defendant ultimately prevails,
he must absorb these costs. For these reasons, plaintiffs (and the
plaintiffs' lawyers who actually control much of this litigation)
have no incentive to focus their efforts on meritorious claims:
they are assured of essentially the same recovery regardless of the
actual strength of their position.
Reform of the 10b-5 system should focus on the foregoing
considerations. Plaintiffs and their lawyers must be provided with
incentives to concentrate their efforts on meritorious claims;
defendants must be given incentives to fight unjustified claims and
settle only meritorious ones; and the litigation system must be
restructured to make possible, at least in some cases, early
termination of unwarranted claims. The following reform measures
will accomplish these goals.
Proportionate Liability
Under the current 10b-5 system, a defendant may be forced to
compensate the plaintiff for all of the damage that the plaintiff
suffered, even where other parties bear the lion's share of the
responsibility for the injury. A proportionate liability standard
would require each defendant to compensate the plaintiff based on
his own responsibility for the plaintiff's injury. That result is
justified by basic fairness: a defendant would be liable for his
share of the injury and no more. Especially in securities fraud
actions, where some of the parties most frequently named as
defendants such as accountants and underwriters typically are
alleged to be liable not because they committed the basic fraud but
only because they failed to uncover wrongdoing by others, it is
grossly unfair to require comparatively nonculpable parties to
shoulder the burden of the entire liability.
A proportionate liability rule would be a large step toward
righting the skewed incentives in the current system. For example,
in the typical action in which a number of defendants are named in
the complaint, there is now considerable incentive to settle
quickly because a defendant that does not settle may find himself
faced with the possibility that if he loses at trial he will
have to bear much more than his share of the damages. This
potential doubling or tripling (or more) of the stakes in the
litigation which is exploited by plaintiffs' lawyers who play
the defendants off against each other in an effort to obtain quick
settlements is a tremendous deterrent to defending on the merits
even for completely blameless defendants. A proportionate
liability rule would eliminate this means of pressuring defendants
regardless of the merits of the case, and therefore would focus
settlement activity on cases in which the plaintiffs deserve
compensation because they have valid claims.
"Loser Pays" Rule For Attorneys' Fees
Another significant problem with the current system is that
the initiation of a lawsuit is essentially cost free to the
plaintiffs and their attorneys. The most significant burden in
10b-5 actions responding to discovery demands -- falls almost
exclusively on defendants because facts within the knowledge of the
particular plaintiff usually bear little relevance to the issues in
the litigation. (The courts have essentially eliminated the
requirement that plaintiffs prove that they actually relied on the
alleged misrepresentation or omission.) Because he must bear these
tremendous costs, the defendant has an interest in settling the
case regardless of the underlying merits. This, in turn,
eliminates any incentive for plaintiffs' attorneys to carefully
screen the cases that they file.
2
Providing that the party who loses the case must pay the
winner's attorneys' fees will give plaintiffs' attorneys an
incentive to file only those cases in which the claim appears to
have merit. (To ensure that the parties could recover any fees
eventually awarded, the court could require the posting of a bond
(as in Section 11 (e) of the Securities Act, 15 U.S.C. S 77k) or
award fees against both the party and its attorneys.) As the
President's Council on Competitiveness observed in its recent
report, [b] ecause the losing party will be obligated to pay the
winner's fees, this approach will encourage litigants to evaluate
carefully the merits of their cases before initiating a frivolous
claim or adopting a spurious defense." Plaintiffs who institute
meritorious claims will obtain a greater recovery (because they
will be awarded attorneys' fees as well), thereby providing an
additional incentive for such cases to be brought. And defendants
will have an incentive to fight unjustified claims because they
will be able to recover their attorneys' fees.
- Discovery Reform
The President's Council on Competitiveness found that
= [p] retrial discovery is frequently the source of needless delay
and expense. Currently litigants have virtually unlimited ability
to take sworn deposition of witnesses, request documents and submit
written questions to parties.' These abuses are particularly
prevalent in 10b-5 litigation. In such cases, unlike most civil
litigation, plaintiffs frequently can interrupt the schedules of
the highest executives in a company, forcing them to spend their
time on wholly unproductive matters. The fishing expeditions
permitted under the present rules often serve as means for
pressuring defendants to enter into settlements and, in addition,
for delaying resolution of the case on the merits. See Blue Chip
Stamps V. Manor Drug Stores, 421 U.S. 723, 741 (1975).
Limitations on discovery along the lines suggested by the
Council on Competitiveness and the Judicial Conference Advisory
Committee on Civil Rules (see 137 F.R.D. 53) would eliminate these
problems. Parties would be required to disclose certain "core"
information regarding locations of relevant documents and
individuals with knowledge of the matters at issue. The amount of
discovery would be subject to presumptive quantitative limits,
which could be exceeded only with approval of the court. In
addition, discovery should be staged to allow defendants to
determine whether the plaintiff has complied with Rule 11 of the
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (which prohibits the filing of
baseless claims) and to allow plaintiffs to inquire into the
relevant facts on a systematic basis. Regardless of whether these
proposals are later adopted for a wider range of lawsuits, they are
essential now to eliminate the especially coercive effect on
defendants of present-day 10b-5 litigation.
3
Curbs On Litigation Abuses
A number of practices unique to 10b-5 litigation are SO
clearly abusive that correction is plainly warranted. First, the
current system of paying "bounties" to individuals who serve as
"representative plaintiffs" in class actions should be abolished.
Such payments provide a perverse incentive for individuals to
become professional plaintiffs by buying a few shares of stock in
many companies and joining forces with class action attorneys
whenever the stock of one of those companies falls by enough to
make a lawsuit economically worthwhile to the attorneys. See
Coffee, Understanding the Plaintiff's Attorney: The Implications of
Economic Theory for Private Enforcement of Law Through Class and
Derivative Actions, 86 Colum. L. Rev. 669, 682 & n.38 (1986)
Frivolous litigation will be discouraged by prohibiting representa-
tive plaintiffs from receiving more than their pro rata share of
settlements. At the same time, this reform would make more of the
settlement pool or final judgment available for all investors.
Second, Congress should reaffirm that attorneys may not act as
counsel in cases in which they have a financial interest. Some law
firms reportedly invest their own profit-sharing plans broadly in
the stock of numerous companies in order to have an in-house
plaintiff on hand in the event they wish to file a 10b-5 action
against these companies. See Coffee, supra, 86 Colum. L. Rev. at
682. These attorney-class representatives have a built-in conflict
of interest because they have much more to gain from a settlement
(which comes with a guaranteed attorneys' fee) than from taking the
case to trial. This conflict situation should be prohibited.
Third, class action attorneys should not be permitted to pay
stockbrokers "forwarding fees" for referring their customers to
attorneys bringing class action suits. This practice already is
forbidden as a matter of professional ethics, but it apparently
continues nonetheless. See Coffee, supra, 86 Colum. at 682-683.
Prohibiting this practice by statute (and providing for substantial
penalties -- such as disqualification as class counsel -- for
violations) should help reduce the amount of collusive, meritless
litigation.
Fourth, the SEC has authority to obtain disgorgement relief in
the context of administrative actions for violations of Rule 10b-5.
See 15 U.S.C. §§ 78u-2 (e) & 78u-3 (e). These disgorgement funds are
then made available to investors injured by the violations. A
controversy apparently has arisen in connection with two aspects of
the disgorgement process: whether private attorneys may be paid
with the disgorgement funds and whether payments from the
disgorgement funds must be credited against any possible recovery
by the same individual in private litigation under Rule 10b-5 and
other provisions of the securities laws. Congress should preserve
such recoveries for investors and affirm that private lawyers are
not entitled to any of these funds -- which were recovered solely
4
through the efforts of the SEC. Congress also should protect
defendants against potential double liability by making clear that
any payments to plaintiffs from these funds will offset future
awards in 10b-5 actions growing out of the same alleged misconduct.
- Clear Proof of Violation
The area covered by 10b-5 actions :- identifying and trying to
ensure the accuracy of information disclosed about a company -- is
peculiarly vulnerable to second-guessing. Evaluating and
describing the economic prospects and condition of a company is an
extremely difficult task. With the benefit of hindsight,
plaintiffs usually are able to find some statement that did not
turn out to be correct or some statement that should have been made
to provide full disclosure. Rule 10b-5 is supposed to be an anti-
fraud rule, however, and proof of scienter that the defendant
acted with fraudulent intent -- is the key factor that
distinguishes between investors who are victims of fraud and
investors who are merely disgruntled because their investment did
not turn out as expected.
Because of the inherent danger of second-guessing in this type
of litigation, it is imperative that juries be certain that
defendants in fact engaged in fraud before imposing liability. At
common law, courts required proof of fraud by "clear and convincing
evidence." The same standard should apply to 10b-5 actions.
-
Pleading Reform
Rule 9 (b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure states that
[i] all averments of fraud or mistake, the circumstances
constituting fraud or mistake shall be stated with particularity.
Malice, intent, knowledge, and other condition of mind of a person
may be averred generally." Several courts have recognized that,
due to the special dangers of unjustified 10b-5 actions, this
standard must be enforced vigorously. Those courts hold that
[a] Ithough states of mind may be pleaded generally, the
circumstances' must be pleaded in detail"; the plaintiff must
"point to some facts suggesting that" the defendant acted with the
requisite state of mind (which the courts have held to be knowledge
of the falsity of the allegedly deceptive statement or extreme
recklessness with respect to the statement's truth or falsity).
See, e.g., Robin v. Arthur Young & Co., 915 F.2d 1120, 1127 (7th
Cir. 1990) i DiLeo V. Ernst & Young, 901 F.2d 624, 627 (7th Cir.
1990) ; Stern v. Leucadia National Corp., 844 F.2d 997, 1004 (2d
Cir.), cert. denied, 109 S. Ct. 137 (1988).
This pleading requirement should be codified for 10b-5
actions. It would prevent plaintiffs from simply pointing to a
downturn in a company's fortunes and contending that the difference
5
between the earlier, favorable performance and the more recent,
less favorable condition is attributable to fraud. "Because only
a fraction of financial deteriorations reflects fraud, plaintiffs
may not proffer the different financial statements and rest.
Investors must point to some facts suggesting that the difference
is attributable to fraud." DiLeo, 910 F.2d at 627. Such a
requirement would discourage unwarranted lawsuits and, in addition,
provide defendants with a means for cutting off such lawsuits at an
early stage in the litigation process.
- Clarify Principles For Aiding And Abetting Liability
Some courts have concluded that defendants may be held liable
under Rule 10b-5 for "aiding and abetting" another defendant's
violation of the provision. The typical scenario involves a claim
against an attorney, accountant, underwriter or other professional
for failure to "blow the whistle" on a misrepresentation made by
another party. The parameters of this form of liability are at
best murky; indeed, the Supreme Court has never even considered
whether aiding and abetting liability is permissible. Plaintiffs'
attorneys frequently try to use this theory to avoid the
requirements that apply to 10b-5 actions generally. The confusion
about the existence and scope of aiding and abetting liability
leads to both unnecessary litigation and settlements by defendants
fearful of unjustified liability.
Congress should affirm that even if a plaintiff proceeds on an
aiding and abetting theory, he must prove that the defendant acted
with scienter -- that he knew of the misrepresentation by the third
party and intended to assist the third party in deceiving the
plaintiff. Rule 10b-5 is a fraud remedy, and proof of fraud should
therefore be required in all circumstances.
6
ANOTHER PROPOSAL TO KILL OFF JOBS
If you wonder why entrepreneurs sometimes feel abandoned by Washington
lawmakers, take a close look at a legislative proposal likely to receive
action very soon.
An amendment to the Senate banking bill (S. 543) would go a long way to
protect the one industry in which America has achieved undisputed world
leadership: the manufacture of lawsuits.
The amendment seeks to legislate a reversal of a recent Supreme Court
ruling concerning private actions under the securities laws.
Although the amendment's author intends to protect investors who are
victims of fraud, the amendment's net effect will be to declare open
season on small companies that can't afford the management time or the
heavy costs of defending predatory or frivolous suits.
Small and medium-sized businesses can literally be ruined by costly and
time-consuming suits that have no merit. They don't ask for protection
against such suits, they only ask for fairness.
If Congress feels compelled to reverse the Supreme Court through new
legislation, at least write the bill so only legitimate victims of
securities fraud will benefit.
Here's all business owners ask:
1. Limit the incentives for predatory trial lawyers and professional
plaintiffs who might sue in search on an up front settlement
despite the merits of the allegation.
2.
Prohibit attorneys from paying "finders fees" or "bounties" to
induce potential plaintiffs to sue.
3.
Require the loser to pay attorneys' fees.
4.
Place reasonable time and cost limits on pretrial discovery.
5.
Target actual wrongdoers by establishing a proportionate
liability rule.
America's entrepreneurs are not looking for special treatment. They only
ask us not to burden them with counterproductive disincentives that make
it impossible to be competitive in an already difficult economic
environment.
AmericanBusinessConference
1730 K Street, NW Suite 1200
Washington, DC 20006
(202) 822-9300
FAX (202) 467-4070
BACKGROUND: THE BRYAN AMENDMENT TO S. 543
Senator Bryan's amendment to the banking bill proposes to rewrite the Supreme
Court's decision in Lampf et al which established a uniform statute of
limitations for private actions under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Senator Bryan's legislation would loosen the statute of limitations established
by the Court while removing any "due diligence" requirement on the part of
investors.
The American Business Conference vigorously oppose the Bryan Amendment. ABC
firms have long been bedeviled by frivolous suits brought by unscrupulous
lawyers and their professional plaintiffs. High-growth companies are
especially attractive to these modern-day ambulance chasers because their stock
typically sells at a price many times greater than earnings. Obviously these
high P/E multiples are attractive to investors; at the same time such stocks
can be subject to severe fluctuations in price. It is all too easy for lawyers
to convince disappointed investors that they are the victims of fraud rather
than risk. The Dickensian nightmare that is our current civil justice system
allows the lawyers to force target companies to settle regardless of the merits
of the case.
ABC members believe that any changes in the statute of limitations should be
accompanied by reform of the litigation system. Proportionate liability, the
"loser pays" principle for attorney's fees, limits on the time and expense
associated with discovery, requiring "clear and convincing" evidence of fraud,
and limits on abuses like attorney payment of finders fees and bounties to
identify and recruit potential plaintiffs are all steps that can help.
If Congress wants to rewrite the Lampf decision, it should do so only after
careful consideration and only in the context of enacting reforms to eliminate
frivolous suits.
A Coalition of Growth Companies
Technology firms have volatile earnings. Lawyers have
that has been sued by 13 different
plaintiffs. "They know how expensive
figured out how to get fat off this fact of life.
it is for us to take our case to court.
We're supposed to give them a few
Shakedown?
million dollars so they'll go away."
In 1988, after a jury ruled for de-
fendants in a case against Nucorp
Energy Inc., Silicon Valley executives
were beginning to think they might
By William Tucker
not have to make such payoffs in the
future. But on May 30 a San Jose
WHEN A Silicon Valley company issues
More than 98% of the suits are
Federal jury returned a $100 million
an unexpected change in earnings,
settled without trial, according to
verdict against A.C. (Mike) Mark-
the race is on to the San Jose or San
Newman. The officers and directors
kula, a cofounder and vice chairman
Francisco Federal Court House.
agree to pay money to the class of
of Apple, and John Vennard, a former
Earnings less than anticipated? The
disaffected shareholders the attorneys
vice president. Markkula and Ven-
company is served with a class suit for
represent. The lawyers typically get
nard had been responsible for opti-
failing to tell shareholders the bad
30% of the settlement. The insurance
mistic statements in the fall of 1982
news. Earnings better than expected?
company pays, but the cost of insur-
about Apple's Twiggy disk drive at a
A company may be sued for withhold-
ance is just one more burden on the
time when corporate records showed
ing the good news that would have
sometimes struggling businesses. If a
Twiggy mechanisms to be failing.
prevented impatient shareholders
firm has gone bankrupt, the plaintiffs
When Apple finally abandoned Twig-
from unloading.
are still eligible to collect from the
gy in September 1983, its stock
opened down $8 a share the next day.
Melvyn Weiss,
The jury attributed $2.90 of this loss
dean of the
to misrepresentation on the part of
plaintiff's bar
the officers.
"We're doing
Melvyn I. Weiss, founding partner
what the SEC
of Milberg Weiss, argues that his firm
doesn't have
and others like it are helping keep
time to do."
business honest: "We're doing the
job that the SEC doesn't have the time
or the resources to do."
Weiss says his firm has recovered
$2.5 billion for aggrieved sharehold-
ers. But Joseph Grundfest, former
Securities & Exchange Commission-
er and now a Stanford Law School
professor, takes issue with the notion
that these victories amount to 2 great
public service. Grundfest says: "There
is no question that there are instances
of outright fraud and that directors
"Shareholders' suits have become a
insurance company, and they also
and officers should be made to pay
sport in Silicon Valley," says Melvin
pursue claims against the accoun-
compensation in some cases. But in
Goldman, a San Francisco attorney
tants, lawyers and underwriters who
many cases, perfectly honest people
who represents corporate defendants.
worked with the defendant.
are being forced to pay outrageous
"They take every unexpected move-
Typical case: Lawyers sue Verbatim
sums, simply because they didn't have
ment of a stock and try to call it fraud.
Corp., a floppy disk manufacturer,
perfect foresight.
High-tech companies are volatile, so
when its stock drops more than $2 a
"These cases fail to make clear that,
they're casy game."
share at the end of 1983. Six years
while some buyers and sellers lost
At any one moment, there are
later, after the defendants have spent
money through market movements,
about 500 to 700 shareholder suits
almost $2 million on legal fees, the
the winners are other buyers and sell-
outstanding across the country, ac-
case is settled: a $4.3 million recovery
ers, not necessarily the corporation or
cording to James Newman, editor of
for investors who bought the stock
its current shareholders."
Securities Class Action Alert in Cress-
between June 1983 and January 1984
Actually, you can make a case that
kill, N.J. Milberg Weiss Bershad
of which plaintiff lawyers pocket $1.5
the losers are the American people,
Specthrie & Lerach, of New York and
million in fees and costs.
since these suits and settlements be-
San Diego, is the most active firm in
"It's legalized extortion," com-
come a kind of tax on American busi-
this bustling industry. Milberg Weiss
plains Alan Shugart, chief executive of
nesses trying to survive in a tough
has over 150 active suits all by itself.
Seagate Technology, a disk drive firm
industry and a tough world.
98
Forbes
August 19, 1991
)'
LEGI-SLATE Report for the 101st Congress
Mon, April 27, 1992 4:48pm (EDT)
Search of 11,787 Bills and Resolutions to Find 39
On the subject of Product liability
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.129 by COLLINS, CARDISS (D-IL) -- Availability of Information on
Products Involved in Liability Actions, Provision
Official Title (caption)
A bill prescribing the availability of information in products liability
actions involving products distributed in commerce.
Introduced on Tuesday, January 3, 1989
Most Recent Action:
01/03/89 -- In The HOUSE
Introduced by COLLINS, CARDISS (D-IL)
Referred to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY
03/01/89 -- In The HOUSE
Extensions to Remarks by COLLINS, CARDISS (D-IL) in "Congressional Record"
(CR Page E-590)
No. 2 of 39
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.135 by COLLINS, CARDISS (D-IL) -- Product Information Availability,
Provision
Official Title (caption) :
A bill prescribing rules relating to the retention by product
manufacturers of records on products distributed in commerce.
Introduced on Tuesday, January 3, 1989
Most Recent Action:
01/03/89 -- In The HOUSE
Introduced by COLLINS, CARDISS (D-IL)
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMERCE
03/01/89 -- In The HOUSE
Extensions to Remarks by COLLINS, CARDISS (D-IL) in "Congressional Record"
(CR Page E-582)
No. 3 of 39
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.359 by ROTH, TOBY (R-WI) -- Product Liability Uniform Standards Act
Official Title (caption) :
A bill to regulate interstate commerce by providing for uniform treatment
of selected product liability problems, and for other purposes.
Introduced on Tuesday, January 3, 1989
Most Recent Action:
01/03/89 -- In The HOUSE
Introduced by ROTH, TOBY (R-WI)
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE
No. 4 of 39
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.362 by SCHULZE (R-PA) -- Economic Statute of Repose Act
Official Title (caption) :
A bill to establish a limitation on the bringing of product liability
actions which is related to the useful life of the product involved.
Introduced on Tuesday, January 3, 1989
Most Recent Action:
01/03/89 -- In The HOUSE
Introduced by SCHULZE (R-PA)
Referred to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY
Extensions to Remarks by SCHULZE (R-PA) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page
E-73)
No. 5 of 39
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.997 by WATKINS (D-OK) -- Secure Energy Supply Act of 1989; Domestic
Petroleum Production Incentive Act of 1989
Official Title (caption) :
A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide certain tax
incentives for domestic oil and gas, to establish a domestic petroleum
production program, to require the strategic petroleum reserve to be filled
with stripper well oil, and to eliminate certain restrictions on the sale of
natural gas.
Introduced on Thursday, February 9, 1989
Most Recent Action:
02/09/89 -- In The HOUSE
Introduced by WATKINS (D-OK)
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON BANKING, FINANCE, AND URBAN AFFAIRS
Extensions to Remarks by WATKINS (D-OK) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page
E-391)
No. 6 of 39
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.1129 by HOCHBRUECKNER (D-NY) -- Agent Orange Settlement Payments as
Income, Exclusion
Official Title (caption) :
A bill to exclude agent orange settlement payments from countable income
and resources under Federal means-tested programs.
Introduced on Monday, February 27, 1989
Most Recent Action:
11/17/89 -- In The HOUSE
Measure tabled (by Voice Vote)
Full text of measure printed in "Congressional Record" (CR Page H-8927)
No. 7 of 39
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.1207 by LIGHTFOOT (R-IA) -- Public Health Service Act, Amendment; Federal
Food Drug, and Cosmetic Act, Amendment
Official Title (caption) :
A bill to amend the Public Health Service Act and the Federal Food, Drug,
and Cosmetic Act to establish programs to assist the Food and Drug
Administration in recruiting distinguished scientists and individuals in
health professions as employees, and for other purposes.
Introduced on Wednesday, March 1, 1989
Most Recent Action:
03/01/89 -- In The HOUSE
Introduced by LIGHTFOOT (R-IA)
Referred to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE
Extensions to Remarks by LIGHTFOOT (R-IA) in "Congressional Record" (CR
Page E-589)
No. 8 of 39
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.1250 by LUKEN, THOMAS (D-OH) -- Protect Our Children from Cigarettes Act
of 1989
Official Title (caption) :
A bill to provide that the promotion and certain advertising for tobacco
products to children and the sale from vending machines of tobacco products to
children violate the Federal Trade Commission Act, and for other purposes.
Introduced on Thursday, March 2, 1989
Most Recent Action:
03/01/90 -- In The HOUSE
Public hearing held by TRANSPORTATION AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SUBCOMMITTEE
No. 9 of 39
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.1307 by GLICKMAN (D-KS) -- General Aviation Standards Act of 1989
Official Title (caption) :
A bill to amend the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 relating to general
aviation accidents.
Introduced on Wednesday, March 8, 1989
Most Recent Action:
08/04/89 -- In The HOUSE
Report filed by HOUSE COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORTATION
(H.Rept. 101-218, Pt. 1)
No. 10 of 39
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.1636 by RITTER (R-PA) -- Uniform Product Liability Act of 1989
Official Title (caption):
A bill to establish uniform standards for product liability actions.
Introduced on Thursday, March 23, 1989
Most Recent Action:
03/23/89 -- In The HOUSE
Introduced by RITTER (R-PA)
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY
Remarks by RITTER (R-PA) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page H-893)
No. 11 of 39
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.2405 by BOSCO (D-CA) -- Food Irradiation Safety and Labeling Requirement
Act of 1989
Official Title (caption) :
A bill to prohibit the implementation of certain regulations of the
Secretary of Health and Human Services and the Secretary of Agriculture
respecting irradiated foods, to amend the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
to prescribe labels for irradiated food, and for other purposes.
Introduced on Thursday, May 18, 1989
Most Recent Action:
05/18/89 -- In The HOUSE
Introduced by BOSCO (D-CA)
Referred to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE
Extensions to Remarks by BOSCO (D-CA) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page
E-1791)
05/18/89 -- In The SENATE
Remarks by MITCHELL, GEORGE (D-ME) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page
S-5635)
No. 12 of 39
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.2511 by STUDDS (D-MA) -- Consumer Seafood Safety Act of 1989
Official Title (caption) :
A bill to direct the President to develop a comprehensive safety program
to ensure the quality and wholesomeness of all fish products intended for
human consumption in the United States.
Introduced on Thursday, May 25, 1989
Most Recent Action:
10/16/90 -- In The HOUSE
Placed on House Union Calendar (Union 549)
No. 13 of 39
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.2700 by LUKEN, THOMAS (D-OH) -- Product Liability Reform Act of 1989
Official Title (caption) :
A bill to establish uniform liability standards.
Introduced on Wednesday, June 21, 1989
Most Recent Action:
06/21/89 -- In The HOUSE
Introduced by LUKEN, THOMAS (D-OH)
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY
Extensions to Remarks by LUKEN, THOMAS (D-OH) in "Congressional Record" (CR
Page E-2243)
Extensions to Remarks by SYNAR (D-OK) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page
E-2256)
11/02/89 -- In The HOUSE
Extensions to Remarks by LUKEN, THOMAS (D-OH) in "Congressional Record" (CR
Page E-3679)
04/19/90 -- In The HOUSE
Remarks by JOHNSON, NANCY (R-CT) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page H-1579)
No. 14 of 39
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.3299 by PANETTA (D-CA) -- Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1989;
Student Loan Reconciliation Amendments of 1989; Agricultural
Reconciliation Act of 1989; Student Loan Reconciliation
Amendments of 1989; Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1989;
Improved Penalty Administration and Compliance Tax Act
Miscellaneous and Technical Social Security Act Amendments of
1989 (Pub. L. 101-239, approved 12/19/89)
Official Title (caption):
A bill to provide for reconciliation pursuant to Section 5 of the
concurrent resolution on the budget for the fiscal year 1990.
Introduced on Wednesday, September 20, 1989
Most Recent Action:
12/13/89 -- In The SENATE
Signed in the Senate
12/19/89 -- In The HOUSE
Became Public Law No. 101-239
No. 15 of 39
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.3555 by LEWIS, TOM (R-FL) -- Federal Aviation Act of 1958, Amendment
Official Title (caption)
A bill to amend the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 relating to research,
development, and implementation of a management plan to improve communications
with respect to aircraft accident prevention.
Introduced on Tuesday, October 31, 1989
Most Recent Action:
05/23/90 -- In The HOUSE
Original (clean) measure to be introduced in lieu of this measure by HOUSE
COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY
This measure replaced by a different measure (H.R. 4887)
No. 16 of 39
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.3592 by CHANDLER (R-WA) -- Warranty and Service Contract Protection Act
of 1989
Official Title (caption) :
A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to impose an excise tax
on optional extended warranty and service contracts having an expected cost to
the issuer of less than 50 percent of the cost to the consumer.
Introduced on Tuesday, November 7, 1989
Most Recent Action:
11/07/89 -- In The HOUSE
Introduced by CHANDLER (R-WA)
Referred to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS
Remarks by CHANDLER (R-WA) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page H-8020)
No. 17 of 39
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.3950 by DE LA GARZA (D-TX) -- Food and Agricultural Resources Act of
1990; Beekeeping Industry Stabilization Act of 1990; Honey
Research, Promotion, and Consumer Information Act Amendments of
1990; National Agricultural Weather Information System Act of
1990; Alternative Agricultural Products Act of 1990;
Agriculture and Water Policy Coordination Act; Pecan Promotion
and Research Act of 1990; Mushroom Promotion, Research, and
Consumer Information Act of 1990; Potato Research and Promotion
Act Amendments of 1990; Cotton Research and Promotion Act
Amendments of 1990; Lime Research, Promotion, and Consumer
Information Act of 1990; Mickey Leland Memorial Domestic Hunger
Relief Act; Mickey Leland Food for Peace Act; Pesticide Export
Reform Act of 1990; Organic Foods Production Act of 1990 (Farm
Bill).
Official Title (caption) :
A bill entitled "The Food and Agricultural Resources Act of 1990".
Introduced on Monday, February 5, 1990
Most Recent Action:
06/12/90 -- In The HOUSE
Public mark-up held by HOUSE COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE
06/13/90 -- In The SENATE
Remarks by GRASSLEY (R-IA) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-7872)
Remarks by BOSCHWITZ (R-MN) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-7873)
08/03/90 -- In The HOUSE
Measure tabled (by Voice Vote)
Extensions to Remarks by SCHUETTE (R-MI) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page
E-2678)
Extensions to Remarks by SCHUETTE (R-MI) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page
E-2681)
Extensions to Remarks by MCCANDLESS (R-CA) in "Congressional Record" (CR
Page E-2701)
09/05/90 -- In The HOUSE
Extensions to Remarks by DORGAN, BYRON (D-ND) in "Congressional Record" (CR
Page E-2743)
09/17/90 -- In The HOUSE
Remarks by ROBERTS, PAT (R-KS) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page H-7649)
No. 18 of 39
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.4330 by HAWKINS, AUGUSTUS (D-CA) -- National Service Act of 1990; Schools
and Service-Learning Act of 1990; Peace Corps Volunteer
Education Demonstration Program Act; Good Samaritan Food
Donation Act
Official Title (caption) :
A bill to establish school-based and higher education community service
programs, to establish youth service programs, and for other purposes.
Introduced on Wednesday, March 21, 1990
Most Recent Action:
09/13/90 -- In The HOUSE
Passed (agreed to), as amended (by Voice Vote)
This measure incorporated into a different measure (S. 1430)
Full text of measure printed in "Congressional Record" (CR Page H-7578)
09/17/90 -- In The HOUSE
Extensions to Remarks by MCMILLEN, TOM (D-MD) in "Congressional Record" (CR
Page E-2877)
Extensions to Remarks by CONTE (R-MA) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page
E-2878)
09/19/90 -- In The HOUSE
Extensions to Remarks by OWENS, WAYNE (D-UT) in "Congressional Record" (CR
Page E-2917)
09/28/90 -- In The HOUSE
Extensions to Remarks by BALLENGER (R-NC) in "Congressional Record" (CR
Page E-3045)
No. 19 of 39
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H. 4794 by MAVROULES (D-MA) -- Defense Management Improvement Act;
Commercial Products Acquisition Act of 1990
Official Title (caption):
A bill to amend various provisions of law that affect the operations and
management of the Department of Defense, particularly in the areas of military
personnel, acquisition reform, civilian personnel management, and for real
property.
Introduced on Thursday, May 10, 1990
Most Recent Action:
05/10/90 -- In The HOUSE
Introduced by MAVROULES (D-MA)
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION AND LABOR
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON POST OFFICE AND CIVIL SERVICE
No. 20 of 39
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.4952 by WALGREN (D-PA) -- Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 1990
Official Title (caption) :
A bill to amend the Consumer Product Safety Act to reauthorize the
Consumer Product Safety Commission and to improve the Commission's regulatory
process, and for other purposes.
Introduced on Thursday, May 24, 1990
Most Recent Action:
07/16/90 -- In The HOUSE
Measure tabled (by Voice Vote)
Full text of measure printed in "Congressional Record" (CR Page H-4721)
07/20/90 -- In The HOUSE
Extensions to Remarks by RITTER (R-PA) in "Congressional Record"
(CR Page E-2433)
No. 21 of 39
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.4956 by BROOKS (D-TX) -- Transportation, Title 49 U.S.C., Amendment
Official Title (caption)
A bill to revise, codify, and enact without substantive change certain
general and permanent laws, related to transportation, as Subtitles II, III,
and v-x of Title 49, United States Code, "Transportation," and to make other
technical improvements in the Code.
Introduced on Tuesday, June 5, 1990
Most Recent Action:
10/15/90 -- In The HOUSE
Passed (agreed to), as amended (by Voice Vote)
Full text of measure printed in "Congressional Record" (CR Page H-9730)
No. 22 of 39
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.5375 by SCHUMER (D-NY) -- Petroleum Marketing Practices Act, Amendment
Official Title (caption)
A bill to amend the Petroleum Marketing Practices Act to provide consumers
with additional information concerning the octane rating of gasoline.
Introduced on Wednesday, July 25, 1990
Most Recent Action:
07/25/90 -- In The HOUSE
Introduced by SCHUMER (D-NY)
Referred to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE
No. 23 of 39
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.5415 by ROSTENKOWSKI (D-IL) -- Deadwood Act of 1990
Official Title (caption) :
A bill to simplify the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 by eliminating
expired or obsolete provisions.
Introduced on Tuesday, July 31, 1990
Most Recent Action:
07/31/90 -- In The HOUSE
Introduced by ROSTENKOWSKI (D-IL)
Referred to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS
10/12/90 -- In The HOUSE
This measure incorporated into a different measure (H.R. 5822)
Remarks by ROSTENKOWSKI (D-IL) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page H-9559)
No. 24 of 39
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.5797 by GILMAN (R-NY) -- Economic Crimes Act of 1990
Official Title (caption)
A bill to regulate commerce and prohibit unfair or deceptive acts or
practices in commerce, and for other purposes.
Introduced on Friday, October 5, 1990
Most Recent Action:
10/05/90 -- In The HOUSE
Introduced by GILMAN (R-NY)
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY
Extensions to Remarks by GILMAN (R-NY) in "Congressional Record"
(CR Page E-3151)
Full text of measure printed in "Congressional Record" (CR Page E-3151)
No. 25 of 39
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.5822 by ROSTENKOWSKI (D-IL) -- Technical and Miscellaneous Revenue Act of
1990
Official Title (caption) :
A bill to make technical corrections in certain recent tax and trade
legislation, and for other purposes.
Introduced on Friday, October 12, 1990
Most Recent Action:
10/27/90 -- In The HOUSE
Parts of this measure incorporated into a different measure (H.R. 5835)
No. 26 of 39
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.5835 by PANETTA (D-CA) -- Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990;
Agricultural Reconciliation Act of 1990; FDIC Assessment Act of
1990; Student Loan Default Protection Initiative Act of 1990;
Abandoned Mine Reclamation Act of 1990; Coastal Zone Act
Reauthorization Amendments of 1990; Pollution Prevention Act of
1990; Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Amendments of
1990; Portability of Benefits for Nonappropriated Fund
Employees Act of 1990; Aviation Safety and Capacity Expansion
Act of 1990; Federal Aviation Administration Research,
Engineering, and Development Authorization Act of 1990; Airport
Noise and Capacity Act of 1990; Revenue Reconciliation Act of
1990; Budget Enforcement Act of 1990 (Pub. L. 101-508, approved
11/5/90)
Official Title (caption):
A bill to provide for reconciliation pursuant to Section 4 of the
concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 1991.
Introduced on Monday, October 15, 1990
Most Recent Action:
10/29/90 -- In The HOUSE
Signed in the House
11/02/90 -- In The SENATE
Remarks by SASSER (D-TN) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-18269)
Remarks by LAUTENBERG (D-NJ) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-18276)
11/05/90 -- In The HOUSE
Became Public Law No. 101-508
No. 27 of 39
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
S.605 by BRYAN, RICHARD (D-NV) -- Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of
1990 (Pub. L. 101-608, approved 11/16/90)
Official Title (caption) :
A bill to amend the Consumer Product Safety Act to reauthorize the
Consumer Product Safety Commission and to improve the Commission's regulatory
process, and for other purposes.
Introduced on Thursday, March 16, 1989
Most Recent Action:
11/01/90 -- In The HOUSE
Signed in the House
11/16/90 -- In The SENATE
Became Public Law No. 101-608
No. 28 of 39
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
S.640 by KASSEBAUM (R-KS) -- General Aviation Accident Liability Standards
Act of 1989
Official Title (caption) :
A bill to regulate interstate commerce by providing for uniform standards
of liability for harm arising out of general aviation accidents.
Introduced on Thursday, March 16, 1989
Most Recent Action:
05/23/90 -- In The SENATE
Report filed by SENATE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY (S.Rept. 101-303)
No. 29 of 39
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
S.892 by MOYNIHAN (D-NY) -- Agent Orange Settlement Payments, Exclusion from
Countable Income (Pub. L. 101-201, approved 12/6/89)
Official Title (caption) :
A bill to exclude Agent Orange settlement payments from countable income
and resources under Federal means-tested programs.
Introduced on Tuesday, May 2, 1989
Most Recent Action:
11/28/89 -- In The HOUSE
Signed in the House
12/06/89 -- In The SENATE
Became Public Law No. 101-201
No. 30 of 39
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
S.1037 by MITCHELL, GEORGE (D-ME) -- Food Irradiation Safety and Labeling
Requirement Act of 1989
Official Title (caption) :
A bill to prohibit the implementation of certain regulations of the
Secretary of Health and Human Services and the Secretary of Agriculture
regarding irradiated foods, to amend the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
to prescribe labels for such foods, and for other purposes.
Introduced on Thursday, May 18, 1989
Most Recent Action:
05/18/89 -- In The SENATE
Introduced by MITCHELL, GEORGE (D-ME)
Referred to SENATE COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE, NUTRITION, AND FORESTRY
Remarks by MITCHELL, GEORGE (D-ME) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page
S-5635)
No. 31 of 39
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
S.1100 by MCCONNELL (R-KY) -- Lawsuit Reform Act of 1989
Official Title (caption) :
A bill to provide greater certainty in the availability and cost of
liability insurance, to eliminate the abuses of the tort system, and for other
purposes.
Introduced on Thursday, June 1, 1989
Most Recent Action:
06/01/89 -- In The SENATE
Introduced by MCCONNELL (R-KY)
Referred to SENATE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY
Remarks by MCCONNELL (R-KY) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-6004)
No. 32 of 39
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
S.1400 by KASTEN (R-WI) -- Product Liablity Reform Act
Official Title (caption) :
A bill to regulate interstate commerce by providing for a uniform product
liability law, and for other purposes.
Introduced on Tuesday, July 25, 1989
Most Recent Action:
07/31/90 -- In The SENATE
Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar (Order 807)
10/25/90 -- In The SENATE
Remarks by HEINZ (R-PA) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-16661)
10/27/90 -- In The SENATE
Remarks by KASTEN (R-WI) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-17808)
No. 33 of 39
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
S.1430 by KENNEDY, EDWARD (D-MA) -- National and Community Service Act of
1990; Serve-America: The Community Service, Schools and
Service-Learning Act of 1990; American Conservation and Youth
Service Corps Act of 1990; National and Community Service Act;
The Points of Light Foundation Act; Good Samaritan Food
Donation Act (Pub. L. 101-610, approved 11/16/90)
Official Title (caption) :
An act to establish school-based and higher education community service
programs to establish youth service programs, and for other purposes.
Introduced on Thursday, July 27, 1989
Most Recent Action:
10/27/90 -- In The HOUSE
Signed in the House
11/16/90 -- In The SENATE
Became Public Law No. 101-610
No. 34 of 39
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
S.1883 by KENNEDY, EDWARD (D-MA) -- Tobacco Product Education and Health
Protection Act of 1990
Official Title (caption) :
A bill to amend the Public Service Act to establish a center for tobacco
products, to inform the public concerning the hazards of tobacco use, to
disclose and restrict additives to such products, and to require labeling of
such products to provide information concerning such products to the public,
and for other purposes.
Introduced on Wednesday, November 15, 1989
Most Recent Action:
05/16/90 -- In The SENATE
Original (clean) measure to be introduced in lieu of this measure by SENATE
COMMITTEE ON LABOR AND HUMAN RESOURCES
No. 35 of 39
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
S.1922 by KENNEDY, EDWARD (D-MA) -- Vaccine Injury Compensation Technical
Amendments of 1989
Official Title (caption):
A bill to amend Title XXI of the Public Health Service Act relating to
vaccine injury compensation.
Introduced on Friday, November 17, 1989
Most Recent Action:
11/17/89 -- In The SENATE
Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar (by Unanimous Consent) (Order 402)
Remarks by KENNEDY, EDWARD (D-MA) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page
S-16155)
11/21/89 -- In The SENATE
Ordered printing of amendment by KENNEDY, EDWARD (D-MA) in the nature of
a substitute, the "Vaccine Compensation Technical Amendments Act of
1989" (Amendment 1215, CR Page S-16867)
04/26/90 -- In The SENATE
Motion by MITCHELL, GEORGE (D-ME) to postpone consideration indefinitely
Consideration postponed (by Unanimous Consent) indefinitely
No. 36 of 39
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
S.2440 by NUNN (D-GA) -- Defense Management Improvement Act; Commercial
Products Acquisition Act of 1990
Official Title (caption)
A bill to amend various provisions of law that affect the operations and
management of the Department of Defense particularly in the areas of military
personnel, acquisition reform, civilian personnel management, and for real
property.
Introduced on Thursday, April 5, 1990
Most Recent Action:
06/13/90 -- In The SENATE
Hearings recessed by DEFENSE INDUSTRY AND TECHNOLOGY SUBCOMMITTEE subject
to the call of the Chair
No. 37 of 39
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
S.2593 by BRADLEY (D-NJ) -- Lead Ban Act of 1990
Official Title (caption):
A bill to reduce the amount of lead contamination in the environment.
Introduced on Tuesday, May 8, 1990
Most Recent Action:
06/27/90 -- In The SENATE
Hearings adjourned by TOXIC SUBSTANCES, ENVIRONMENTAL OVERSIGHT,
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT SUBCOMMITTEE
07/26/90 -- In The HOUSE
Extensions to Remarks by LUKEN, THOMAS (D-OH) in "Congressional Record" (CR
Page E-2496)
07/27/90 -- In The SENATE
Parts of this measure incorporated into a different measure (S. 2637)
10/05/90 -- In The SENATE
Remarks by LAUTENBERG (D-NJ) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-14644)
No. 38 of 39
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
S.2637 by REID (D-NV) -- Lead Exposure Reduction Act of 1990
Official Title (caption) :
A bill to amend the Toxic Substances Act to reduce the levels of lead in
the environment, and for other purposes.
Introduced on Wednesday, May 16, 1990
Most Recent Action:
10/18/90 -- In The SENATE
Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar (Order 1002)
10/23/90 -- In The SENATE
Remarks by REID (D-NV) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-16831)
No. 39 of 39
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
S.2830 by LEAHY (D-VT) -- Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of
1990; Options Pilot Program Act of 1990; Forest Stewardship Act
of 1990; America the Beautiful Act of 1990; Conservation
Program Impovements Act; Farms for the Future Act of 1990;
Agriculture and Water Policy Coordination Act; Agricultural
Development and Trade Act of 1990; Mickey Leland Food for Peace
Act; National Agricultural Weather Information System Act of
1990; Alternative Agricultural Research and Commercialization
Act of 1990; Mickey Leland Memorial Domestic Hunger Relief Act;
Agricultural Promotion Programs Act of 1990; Pecan Promotion
and Research Act of 1990; Mushroom Promotion, Research, and
Consumer Information Act of 1990; Potato Research and Promotion
Act Amendments of 1990; Lime Research, Promotion, and Consumer
Information Act of 1990; Soybean Promotion, Research, and
Consumer Information Act; Honey Research, Promotion, and
Consumer Information Act Amendments of 1990; Cotton Research
and Promotion Act Amendments of 1990; Fluid Milk Promotion Act
of 1990; Grain Quality Incentives Act of 1990; Organic Foods
Production Act of 1990; Rural Economic Development Act of 1990;
Rural Telecommunications Improvements Act of 1990; National
Forest-Dependent Rural Communities Economic Diversification Act
of 1990; Rural Health and Safety Education Act of 1990; Global
Climate Change Prevention Act of 1990; Agricultural Program
Reporting and Recordkeeping Improvement Act of 1990 (Farm Bill)
(Pub. L. 101-624, approved 11/28/90)
Official Title (caption)
A bill entitled the 'Food and Agricultural Resources Act of 1990'
Introduced on Friday, July 6, 1990
Most Recent Action:
10/31/90 -- In The SENATE
Signed in the Senate
11/02/90 -- In The HOUSE
Extensions to Remarks by GUNDERSON (R-WI) in "Congressional Record" (CR
Page E-3707)
Extensions to Remarks by WALSH (R-NY) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page
E-3709)
11/28/90 -- In The SENATE
Became Public Law No. 101-624
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Search of 9,521 Bills and Resolutions to Find 28
On the subject of Product liability
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.246 by ARCHER (R-TX) -- Inflation Tax Relief Act of 1991
Official Title (caption) :
A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide for the
indexing of certain assets.
Introduced on Thursday, January 3, 1991
Most Recent Action:
01/03/91 -- In The HOUSE
Introduced by ARCHER (R-TX)
Referred to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS
No. 2 of 28
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.420 by SCHULZE (R-PA) -- Economic Statute of Repose Act
Official Title (caption)
A bill to establish a limitation on the bringing of product liability
actions which is related to the useful life of the product involved.
Introduced on Thursday, January 3, 1991
Most Recent Action:
01/03/91 -- In The HOUSE
Introduced by SCHULZE (R-PA)
Referred to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY
Extensions to Remarks by SCHULZE (R-PA) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page
E-45)
No. 3 of 28
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.672 by SCHUMER (D-NY) -- NASA Quality Assurance and Contracting Reform
Act of 1991
Official Title (caption) :
A bill to prohibit certain waiver of liability provisions in NASA
contracts, and to prohibit the exclusion of NASA quality assurance personnel
from contractor work sites except as provided in the contract.
Introduced on Monday, January 28, 1991
Most Recent Action:
01/28/91 -- In The HOUSE
Introduced by SCHUMER (D-NY)
Referred to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY
No. 4 of 28
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.2700 by RITTER (R-PA) -- Uniform Product Liability Act of 1991
Official Title (caption) :
A bill to establish uniform standards for product liability actions.
Introduced on Thursday,
June 20, 1991
Most Recent Action:
06/20/91 -- In The HOUSE
Introduced by RITTER (R-PA)
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE
06/25/91 -- In The HOUSE
Extensions to Remarks by RITTER (R-PA) in "Congressional Record"
(CR Page E-2365)
No. 5 of 28
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.2701 by RITTER (R-PA) -- Professional' Liability Reform Act of 1991
Official Title (caption) :
A bill to promote greater predictability in professional liability actions
by establishing certain standards for liability and providing for other
reforms.
Introduced on Thursday, June 20, 1991
Most Recent Action:
06/20/91 -- In The HOUSE
Introduced by RITTER (R-PA)
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE
06/25/91 -- In The HOUSE
Extensions to Remarks by RITTER (R-PA) in "Congressional Record"
(CR Page E-2365)
No. 6 of 28
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.2815 by MCEWEN (R-OH) -- General Aviation Accident Liability Standards
Act of 1991
Official Title (caption) :
A bill to regulate interstate commerce by providing for uniform standards
of liability for harm arising out of general aviation accidents.
Introduced on Thursday, June 27, 1991
Most Recent Action:
06/27/91 -- In The HOUSE
Introduced by MCEWEN (R-OH)
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORTATION
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE
No. 7 of 28
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.2937 by ROTH, TOBY (R-WI) -- Product Liability Uniform Standards Act
Official Title (caption) :
A bill to regulate interstate commerce by providing for uniform treatment
of selected product liability problems, and for other purposes.
Introduced on Wednesday, July 17, 1991
Most Recent Action:
07/17/91 -- In The HOUSE
Introduced by ROTH, TOBY (R-WI)
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE
07/18/91 -- In The HOUSE
Extensions to Remarks by ROTH, TOBY (R-WI) in "Congressional Record" (CR
Page E-2597)
No. 8 of 28
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.3030 by ROWLAND, ROY (D-GA) -- Fairness in Product Liability Act of 1991
Official Title (caption) :
a bill to establish uniform product liability standards.
Introduced on Thursday, July 25, 1991
Most Recent Action:
07/25/91 -- In The HOUSE
Introduced by ROWLAND, ROY (D-GA)
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE
07/26/91 -- In The SENATE
Remarks by KASTEN (R-WI) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-11107)
04/02/92 -- In The SENATE
Remarks by KASTEN (R-WI) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-4684)
No. 9 of 28
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.3051 by MRAZEK (D-NY) -- Film Disclosure Act of 1991
Official Title (caption) :
A bill to amend the act entitled "An act to provide for the registration
and protection of trademarks used in commerce, to carry out the provisions of
certain international conventions, and for other purposes," enacted July 5,
1946 (commonly known as the Lanham Act), to require certain disclosures
relating to materially altered films.
Introduced on Thursday, July 25, 1991
Most Recent Action:
07/25/91 -- In The HOUSE
Introduced by MRAZEK (D-NY)
Referred to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY
02/25/92 -- In The SENATE
Remarks by SIMPSON (R-WY) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-2215)
03/05/92 -- In The HOUSE
Public hearing held by INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND JUDICIAL ADMINISTRATION
SUBCOMMITTEE
No. 10 of 28
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.3068 by MCEWEN (R-OH) -- Product Liability Fairness Act
Official Title (caption) :
A bill to regulate interstate commerce by providing for a uniform product
liability law, and for other purposes.
Introduced on Monday, July 29, 1991
Most Recent Action:
07/29/91 -- In The HOUSE
Introduced by MCEWEN (R-OH)
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE
No. 11 of 28
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.3123 by SIKORSKI (D-MN) -- National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Authorization Act of 1991; Impaired Driving Prevention Act of
1991
Official Title (caption) :
A bill to authorize appropriations for the activities and programs of the
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, and for other purposes.
Introduced on Wednesday, July 31, 1991
Most Recent Action:
07/31/91 -- In The HOUSE
Introduced by SIKORSKI (D-MN)
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORTATION
08/01/91 -- In The HOUSE
Remarks by SIKORSKI (D-MN) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page H-6199)
Extensions to Remarks by SIKORSKI (D-MN) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page
E-2823)
No. 12 of 28
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.3318 by BENTLEY (R-MD) -- Maritime Comparative Responsiblity Act
Official Title (caption)
A bill to clarify and make uniform the maritime law of the United States
with respect to the recovery and allocation of compensatory damages.
Introduced on Thursday, September 12, 1991
Most Recent Action:
09/12/91 -- In The HOUSE
Introduced by BENTLEY (R-MD)
Referred to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY
No. 13 of 28
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.3375 by ARMEY (R-TX) -- Consumer Price Reduction Act
Official Title (caption) :
A bill to impose certain restrictions on product liability actions.
Introduced on Tuesday, September 24, 1991
Most Recent Action:
09/24/91 -- In The HOUSE
Introduced by ARMEY (R-TX)
Referred to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY
Extensions to Remarks by ARMEY (R-TX) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page
E-3126)
No. 14 of 28
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.3494 by GLICKMAN (D-KS) -- General Aviation Assessment Act of 1991
Official Title (caption)
A bill to provide for a Department of Transportation study of the impact
of the depressed state of the general aviation industry on our Nation's air
transportation system.
Introduced on Thursday, October 3, 1991
Most Recent Action:
10/03/91 -- In The HOUSE
Introduced by GLICKMAN (D-KS)
Referred to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORTATION
No. 15 of 28
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.3516 by KYL (R-AZ) -- Medical Care Injury Compensation Reform Act of 1991
Official Title (caption) :
A bill to award grants to States to promote the development of alternative
dispute resolution systems for medical malpractice claims, to generate
knowledge about such systems through expert data gathering and assessment
activities, to promote uniformity and to curb excesses in State liability
systems through Federally-mandated liability reforms, and for other purposes.
Introduced on Tuesday, October 8, 1991
Most Recent Action:
10/08/91 -- In The HOUSE
Introduced by KYL (R-AZ)
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY
Extensions to Remarks by KYL (R-AZ) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page
E-3316)
11/07/91 -- In The HOUSE
Remarks by KYL (R-AZ) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page H-9568)
No. 16 of 28
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.4054 by WEBER (R-MN) -- Health Care Access and Security Act of 1991
Official Title (caption) :
A bill to provide for improvements in access and affordability of health
insurance coverage through small employer health insurance reform, for
improvements in the portability of health insurance, and for health care cost
containment, and for other purposes.
Introduced on Tuesday, November 26, 1991
Most Recent Action:
11/26/91 -- In The HOUSE
Introduced by WEBER (R-MN)
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY
Extensions to Remarks by WEBER (R-MN) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page
E-4189)
03/31/92 -- In The HOUSE
Extensions to Remarks by TAYLOR, CHARLES (R-NC) in "Congressional Record"
(CR Page E-891)
No. 17 of 28
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.4143 by HOUGHTON (R-NY) -- Health Equity and Access Improvement Act of
1992
Official Title (caption)
A bill to provide improved access to health care, and for other purposes.
Introduced on Thursday, January 30, 1992
Most Recent Action:
01/30/92 -- In The HOUSE
Introduced by HOUGHTON (R-NY)
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY
No. 18 of 28
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.4150 by MICHEL (R-IL) -- Economic Growth Act of 1992; Enhanced Economic
Recovery Act of 1992; Tax Relief for Families Act of 1992; Long
Term Growth Act of 1992; Enterprise Zone--Jobs Creation Act of
1992; Financial Institutions Safety and Consumer Choice Act of
1992; Pension Security Act of 1992; Federal Insurance
Accounting Act of 1992; Medicare Premium Equity Amendments of
1992; Medicare Budget Amendments of 1992; AFDC Savings
Set-Aside Amendments of 1992; Food Stamp Amendments of 1992;
Child Support Enforcement Amendments of 1992; Child Nutrition
Amendments of 1992; Social Security Act Cross Program Recovery
Amendments of 1992; AMERICA 2000 Excellence in Education Act;
Student Financial Assistance Improvements Act of 1992; Naval
Petroleum Reserve Leasing Act; Oil Pipeline Regulatory Reform
Act; Arctic Coastal Plain Competitive Oil and Gas Leasing Act;
Coastal Communities Impact Assistance Act of 1992; Alaska Power
Administration Sale Authorization Act; Access to Justice Act of
1992; Health Care Liability Reform and Quality of Care
Improvement Act of 1992; Product Liability Fairness Act; Civil
Liberties Act Amendments of 1992; Federal Credit and Debt
Management Act of 1992; Farm Credit System Financial Assistance
Corporation Repayment Act of 1992; Power Marketing
Administration Timely Payment Act; Emerging Telecommunications
Technologies Act of 1992; Enterprise for the Americas
Initiative Act of 1991; Medical Care Cost Recovery Amendment of
1992; Veterans' Home Loan Improvement Act of 1992; Retirement
Modification Act of 1992; Federal Communications Commission
User Fee Act of 1992; Congressional Budget Reform Act of 1992;
Legislative Line Item Veto Act of 1992
Official Title (caption)
A bill to create jobs, promote economic growth, assist families, and
promote health, education, savings, and homeownership.
Introduced on Tuesday, February 4, 1992
Most Recent Action:
02/04/92 -- In The HOUSE
Introduced by MICHEL (R-IL)
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON BANKING, FINANCE, AND URBAN AFFAIRS
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION AND LABOR
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON HOUSE ADMINISTRATION
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON INTERIOR AND INSULAR AFFAIRS
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON MERCHANT MARINE AND FISHERIES
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON POST OFFICE AND CIVIL SERVICE
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORTATION
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON RULES
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON VETERANS' AFFAIRS
Remarks by SLATTERY (D-KS) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page H-218)
Remarks by DELAURO (D-CT) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page H-218)
Remarks by MICHEL (R-IL) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page H-263)
02/05/92 -- In The HOUSE
Remarks by BALLENGER (R-NC) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page H-291)
Remarks by PELOSI (D-CA) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page H-293)
02/07/92 -- In The HOUSE
Remarks by GOSS (R-FL) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page H-388)
02/11/92 -- In The HOUSE
Remarks by GEPHARDT (D-MO) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page H-406)
02/18/92 -- In The HOUSE
Remarks by VENTO (D-MN) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page H-427)
02/19/92 -- In The HOUSE
Remarks by BALLENGER (R-NC) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page H-447)
Remarks by MCCOLLUM (R-FL) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page H-449)
Remarks by CAMPBELL, TOM (R-CA) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page H-453)
Extensions to Remarks by PACKARD (R-CA) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page
E-338)
02/20/92 -- In The HOUSE
Remarks by THOMAS, CRAIG (R-WY) in "Congressional Reord" (CR Page H-483)
Remarks by ROHRABACHER (R-CA) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page H-493)
Remarks by DORGAN, BYRON (D-ND) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page H-494)
02/24/92 -- In The HOUSE
Remarks by NICHOLS (R-KS) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page H-503)
Remarks by MICHEL (R-IL) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page H-512)
No. 19 of 28
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.R.4576 by HOUGHTON (R-NY) -- Health Equity and Access Improvement Act of
1992
Official Title (caption) :
A bill to provide improved access to health care, and for other purposes.
Introduced on Wednesday, March 25, 1992
Most Recent Action:
03/25/92 -- In The HOUSE
Introduced by HOUGHTON (R-NY)
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE
Joint referral to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY
No. 20 of 28
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
H.J.R.79 by BLILEY (R-VA) -- Resolution Regarding the D.C. Council's
Approval of the Assault Weapon Manufacturing Strict Liability
Act of 1990
Official Title (caption) :
Joint resolution disapproving the action of the District of Columbia
Council in approving the Assault Weapon Manufacturing Strict Liability Act of
1990.
Introduced on Friday, January 18, 1991
Most Recent Action:
01/18/91 -- In The HOUSE
Introduced by BLILEY (R-VA)
Referred to HOUSE COMMITTEE ON THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Extensions to Remarks by BLILEY (R-VA) in "Congressional Record"
(CR Page E-231)
01/24/91 -- In The SENATE
Remarks by STEVENS (R-AK) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-1203)
03/03/92 -- In The HOUSE
Remarks by NORTON (D-DC) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page H-879)
Extensions to Remarks by NORTON (D-DC) in "Congressional Record"
(CR Page E-512)
No. 21 of 28
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
S.640 by KASTEN (R-WI) -- Product Liability Fairness Act
Official Title (caption) :
A bill to regulate interstate commerce by providing for a uniform product
liability law, and for other purposes.
Introduced on Wednesday, March 13, 1991
Most Recent Action:
11/14/91 -- In The SENATE
Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar (Order 321)
04/02/92 -- In The SENATE
Remarks by KASTEN (R-WI) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-4684)
No. 22 of 28
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
S.645 by KASSEBAUM (R-KS) -- General Aviation Accident Liability Standards
Act of 1991
Official Title (caption) :
A bill to regulate interstate commerce by providing for uniform standards
of liability for harm arising out of general aviation accidents.
Introduced on Wednesday, March 13, 1991
Most Recent Action:
09/19/91 -- In The SENATE
Hearings adjourned by SENATE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE,
AND TRANSPORTATION
04/02/92 -- In The SENATE
Remarks by MURKOWSKI (R-AK) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-4686)
Remarks by KASSEBAUM (R-KS) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-4688)
Remarks by DOLE (R-KS) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-4689)
No. 23 of 28
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
S.1836 by DURENBERGER (R-MN) -- American Health Quality Act
Official Title (caption) :
A bill to provide economic incentives through Medicaid bonus funds to
promote State alternative dispute resolution systems, to assist States in the
creation and evaluation of alternative dispute resolution systems, to
encourage State-based quality improvement programs, and to provide
comprehensive reform of State tort law to curb excesses in the current
liability system, and for other purposes.
Introduced on Thursday, October 17, 1991
Most Recent Action:
10/17/91 -- In The SENATE
Introduced by DURENBERGER (R-MN)
Referred to SENATE COMMITTEE ON FINANCE
Remarks by DURENBERGER (R-MN) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-14907)
Full text of measure printed in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-14910)
Remarks by DANFORTH (R-MO) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-14915)
03/12/92 -- In The SENATE
Remarks by KASSEBAUM (R-KS) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-3463)
No. 24 of 28
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
S.1936 by CHAFEE (R-RI) -- Health Equity and Access Improvement Act of 1991
Official Title (caption) :
A bill to provide improved access to health care, and for other proposes.
Introduced on Thursday, November 7, 1991
Most Recent Action:
11/07/91 -- In The SENATE
Introduced by CHAFEE (R-RI)
Referred to SENATE COMMITTEE ON FINANCE
Remarks by CHAFEE (R-RI) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-16145)
Remarks by BOND (R-MO) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-16147)
Remarks by SIMPSON (R-WY) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-16149)
Remarks by COHEN (R-ME) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-16150)
Remarks by DOMENICI (R-NM) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-16152)
Remarks by STEVENS (R-AK) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-16153)
Remarks by MCCONNELL (R-KY) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-16153)
Remarks by SPECTER (R-PA) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-16154)
Remarks by DOLE (R-KS) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-16154)
Remarks by MCCAIN- (R-AZ) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-16155)
Remarks by HATFIELD (R-OR) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-16158)
Remarks by CRAIG (R-ID) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-16158)
Remarks by WALLOP (R-WY) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-16159)
Remarks by MACK (R-FL) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-16160)
Remarks by GRASSLEY (R-IA) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-16160)
Remarks by COCHRAN (R-MS) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-16161)
Full text of measure printed in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-16163)
Remarks by KENNEDY, EDWARD (D-MA) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page
S-16181)
Remarks by DURENBERGER (R-MN) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-16183)
Remarks by RIEGLE (D-MI) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-16193)
Remarks by D'AMATO (R-NY) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-16200)
11/12/91 -- In The SENATE
Remarks by MCCONNELL (R-KY) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-16465)
11/13/91 -- In The SENATE
Remarks by MITCHELL, GEORGE (D-ME) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page
S-16476)
Remarks by FOWLER (D-GA) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-16477)
Remarks by DASCHLE (D-SD) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-16477)
Remarks by WELLSTONE (D-MN) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-16478)
Remarks by GRAHAM, BOB (D-FL) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-16479)
Remarks by WIRTH (D-CO) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-16482)
Remarks by RIEGLE (D-MI) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-16483)
Remarks by KENNEDY, EDWARD (D-MA) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page
S-16485)
11/14/91 -- In The SENATE
Remarks by WOFFORD (D-PA) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-16661)
Remarks by DOMENICI (R-NM) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-16734)
Remarks by LEAHY (D-VT) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-16756)
11/20/91 -- In The SENATE
Remarks by PRESSLER (R-SD) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-17107)
Remarks by SPECTER (R-PA) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-17251)
11/23/91 -- In The SENATE
Remarks by KASTEN (R-WI) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-17991)
01/22/92 -- In The SENATE
Remarks by WOFFORD (D-PA) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-93)
02/06/92 -- In The SENATE
Remarks by CHAFEE (R-RI) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-1178)
Remarks by SPECTER (R-PA) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-1185)
03/03/92 -- In The SENATE
Remarks by BOND (R-MO) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-2752)
03/12/92 -- In The SENATE
Remarks by KASSEBAUM (R-KS) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-3463)
No. 25 of 28
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
S.1979 by MCCONNELL (R-KY) -- Lawsuit Reform Act of 1991
Official Title (caption) :
A bill to provide greater certainty in the availability and cost of
liability insurance, to eliminate the abuses of the tort system, and for other
purposes.
Introduced on Friday, November 15, 1991
Most Recent Action:
11/15/91 -- In The SENATE
Introduced by MCCONNELL (R-KY)
Referred to SENATE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY
Remarks by MCCONNELL (R-KY) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-16852)
02/04/92 -- In The SENATE
Remarks by MCCONNELL (R-KY) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-914)
04/02/92 -- In The SENATE
Remarks by MCCONNELL (R-KY) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-4685)
No. 26 of 28
Bill, Sponsr and Short Title:
S.2217 by DOLE (R-KS) -- Economic Growth Act of 1992; Enhanced Economic
Recovery Act of 1992; Tax Relief for Families Act of 1992; Long
Term Growth Act of 1992; Enterprise Zone-Jobs Creation Act of
1992; Financial Institutions Safety and Consumer Choice Act of
1992; Pension Security Act of 1992; Federal Insurance
Accounting Act of 1992; Medicare Premium Equity Amendments of
1992; Medicare Budget Amendments of 1992; AFDC Savings
Set-Aside Amendments of 1992; Improvement Act of 1992; Naval
Petroleum Reserve Leasing Act; Oil Pipeline Regulatory Reform
Act; Arctic Coastal Plain Competitive Oil and Gas Leasing Act;
Coastal Communities Impact Assistance Act of 1992; Alaska Power
Administration Sale Authorization Act; Access to Justice Act of
1992; Health Care Liability Reform and Quality of Care
Improvement Act of 1992; Product Liability Fairness Act; Civil
Liberties Act Amendments of 1992; Federal Credit and Management
Act of 1992; Farm Credit System Financial Assistance
Corporation Repayment Act of 1992; Power Marketing
Administration Timely Payment Act; Emergency Telecommunications
Technologies Act of 1992; Enterprise for the Americas
Initiative Act of 1991; Medical Care Cost Recovery Amendment of
1992; Veterans' Home Loan Improvement Act of, 1992; Retirement
Modification Act of 1992; Federal Communications Commission
User Fee Act of 1992; Congressional Budget Reform Act of 1992;
Legislative Line Item Veto Act of 1992
Official Title (caption)
A bill to create jobs, promote economic growth, assist families, and
promote health, education, savings, and home ownership.
Introduced on Friday, February 7, 1992
Most Recent Action:
03/11/92 -- In The SENATE
Text from this measure offered and failed as an amendment by DOLE
(R-KS) to H.R. 4210 (Amendment 1709)
03/13/92 -- In The SENATE
Remarks by ROTH, WILLIAM (R-DE) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-3586)
03/19/92 -- In The SENATE
Remarks by WIRTH (D-CO) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-3916)
Remarks by DOLE (R-KS) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-3922)
03/20/92 -- In The SENATE
Remarks by GRAMM, PHIL (R-TX) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-4007)
Remarks by BENTSEN (D-TX) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-4008)
Remarks by PACKWOOD (R-OR) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-4009)
Remarks by GORTON (R-WA) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-4011)
Remarks by DODD (D-CT) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-4012)
Remarks by SIMPSON (R-WY) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-4013)
Remarks by PELL (D-RI) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-4013)
Remarks by SANFORD (D-NC) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-4014)
Remarks by HARKIN (D-IA) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-4015)
03/25/92 -- In The SENATE
Remarks by BENTSEN (D-TX) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-4147)
No. 27 of 28
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
S.RES.245 by DIXON, ALAN (D-IL) -- Resolution Supporting United States
Workers
Official Title (caption)
Resolution expressing the sense of the Senate in support of United States
workers and objecting to attempts by the Prime Minister of Japan to undermine
the President's trade mission.
Introduced on Tuesday, January 21, 1992
Most Recent Action:
02/05/92 -- In The SENATE
Parts of this measure incorporated into a different measure as amendment by
Dixon (S. 2166, Amendment 1535 to 1534)
No. 28 of 28
Bill, Sponsor and Short Title:
S.J.R.46 by STEVENS (R-AK) -- Resolution Disapproving Certain Actions of
the District of Columbia Council Relating to Assault Weapons
Official Title (caption)
Joint resolution disapproving the action of the District of Columbia
Council in approving the Assault Weapon Manufacturing Strict Liability Act of
1990.
Introduced on Thursday, January 24, 1991
Most Recent Action:
01/24/91 -- In The SENATE
Introduced by STEVENS (R-AK)
Referred to SENATE COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS
Remarks by STEVENS (R-AK) in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-1203)
Full text of measure printed in "Congressional Record" (CR Page S-1203)
Do you wish to store these bills in a LEGI-SLATE
FILE for tracking or future reference? ('Y' or 'N'
LEGI-SLATE Report for the 101st Congress
Mon, April 27, 1992 4:58pm (EDT)
Search of "Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report" to Find 4 Articles
On the subject of Product liability
Published after 01/01/91
04/13/91 -- (C) 1992 Congressional Quarterly (LEGI-SLATE Article No. 129815)
Science High-Tech Funds Get Early OK
"Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report"
Saturday, April 13, 1991
Page 911
Bills or Resolutions Mentioned:
H.R.656 by BROWN, GEORGE (D-CA) -- High-Performance Computing and National
Research and Education Network Act of 1991
No. 2 of 4
05/04/91 -- (C) 1992 Congressional Quarterly (LEGI-SLATE Article No. 131240)
High-Tech Industry Bill Approved by House Science
"Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report"
Saturday, May 4, 1991
Page 1133
Bills or Resolutions Mentioned:
H.R.1989 by VALENTINE (D-NC) -- American Technology Preeminence Act of 1991
Technology Administration Authorization Act of 1991
Emerging Technologies and Advanced Technology Program
Amendments Act of 1991 (Pub. L. 102-245, approved 2/14/92)
No. 3 of 4
10/05/91 -- (C) 1992 Congressional Quarterly (LEGI-SLATE Article No. 141443)
Product Liability - Senate Commerce Begins Anew in Face of
Hollings' Opposition
"Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report"
Saturday, October 5, 1991
Page 2861
Bills or Resolutions Mentioned:
H.R.3030 by ROWLAND, ROY (D-GA) -- Fairness in Product Liability Act of 1991
S.640
by KASTEN (R-WI) -- Product Liability Fairness Act
No. 4 of 4
12/07/91 -- (C) 1992 Congressional Quarterly (LEGI-SLATE Article No. 145734)
Cover Story - Government and Commerce
"Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report"
Saturday, December 7, 1991
Page 3574
Bills or Resolutions Mentioned:
H.R.9
by BROOKS (D-TX) -- Insurance Competitive Pricing Act of 1991
H.R.20
by CLAY (D-MO) -- Federal Employees' Political Activities Act of
1991
H.R.251
by BENNETT (D-FL) -- Wetlands No Net Loss Act of 1991
H.R.316
by DE LUGO (D-VI) -- Puerto Rico Self-Determination Act
H.R.404
by HAMMERSCHMIDT (R-AR) -- Wetlands Protection and Regulatory
Reform Act of 1991
H.R.531
by DINGELL (D-MI) -- Emerging Telecommunications Technologies
Act of 1991
H.R.585
by SCHEUER (D-NY) -- National Biological Diversity Conservation
and Environmental Research Act
H.R.776
by SHARP (D-IN) -- Comprehensive National Energy Policy Act
H.R.1096
by VENTO (D-MN) -- Appropriations for the Bureau of Land
Management, Authorization
H.R.1303
by MARKEY (D-MA) -- Cable Television Consumer Protection and
Competition Act of 1991
H.R.1304
by MARKEY (D-MA) -- Telephone Advertising Consumer Rights Act
H.R.1305
by MARKEY (D-MA) -- Telephone Consumer Privacy Rights Act
H.R.1320
by JONES, WALTER (D-NC) -- National Fish and Wildlife
Enhancement Act of 1991
H.R.1330
by HAYES, JAMES A. (D-LA) -- Comprehensive Wetlands Conservation
and Management Act of 1991
H.R.1527
by SLATTERY (D-KS) -- Telecommunications Equipment Research and
Manufacturing Competition Act of 1991
H.R.1590
by VENTO (D-MN) -- Ancient Forest Act of 1991
H.R.1591
by WATERS (D-CA) -- Internal Revenue Code of 1986, Amendment
H.R.1988
by BROWN, GEORGE (D-CA) --- National Aeronautics and Space
Administration Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1992
Civil Space Employee Testing Act of 1991 (Pub. L. 102-195,
approved 12/09/91)
H.R.1989
by VALENTINE (D-NC) -- American Technology Preeminence Act of
1991
Technology Administration Authorization Act of 1991
Emerging Technologies and Advanced Technology Program
Amendments Act of 1991 (Pub. L. 102-245, approved 2/14/92)
H.R.2082
by STUDDS (D-MA) -- National Biological Diversity Conservation
Act
H.R.2194
by ECKART (D-OH) -- Federal Facility Compliance Act of 1991
Federal Recycling Incentive Act
Metropolitan Washington Waste Management Study Act
H.R.2427
by BEVILL (D-AL) -- Energy and Water Development Appropriations
Act, 1992 (Pub. L. 102-104, approved 8/17/91)
H.R.2463
by HUCKABY (D-LA) -- Forests and Families Protection Act of 1991
H.R.2506
by FAZIO (D-CA) -- Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 1992
Congressional Operations Appropriations Act, 1992 (Pub. L.
102-90, approved 8/14/91)
H.R.2519
by TRAXLER (D-MI) -- Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing
and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations
Act, 1992 (Pub. L. 102-139, approved 10/28/91)
H.R.2637
by KOSTMAYER (D-PA) -- Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Land
Withdrawal Act
H.R.2698
by WHITTEN (D-MS) -- Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and
Drug Administration, and Related Agencies, Appropriations Act,
1992 (Pub. L. 102-142, approved 10/28/91)
H.R.2837
by STENHOLM (D-TX) --- Milk Inventory Management Act of 1991
H.R.2893
by DE LA GARZA (D-TX) -- Dairy and Disaster Assistance Act
Agricultural Disaster Assistance Act
H.R.2929
by LEVINE, MEL (D-CA) -- California Desert Protection Act of
1991
California Military Lands Withdrawal and Overlights Act of 1991
H.R.2950
by MINETA (D-CA) -- Intermodal Surface Transportation
Efficiency Act of 1991
Symms National Recreational Trails Act of 1991
Highway Safety Act of 1991
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Authorization
Act of 1991
Federal Transit Act Amendments of 1991
Motor Carrier Act of 1991
Intelligent Vehicle-Highway Systems Act of 1991
Metropolitan Washington Airports Act Amendments of 1991
Surface Transportation Revenue Act of 1991 (Pub. 102-240,
approved 12/18/91)
H.R.3029
by DE LA GARZA (D-TX) -- Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and
Trade Act Amendments of 1991
Recreational Hunting Safety and Preservation Act of 1991 (Pub.
L. 102-237, approved 12/13/91)
H.R.3030
by ROWLAND, ROY (D-GA) -- Fairness in Product Liability Act of
1991
H.R.3066
by LEWIS, JERRY (R-CA) -- California Public Lands Wilderness Act
H.R.3121
by BOEHLERT (R-NY) -- Department of the Environment Act of 1991
H.R.3216
by BRUCE (D-IL) -- Food Quality Protection Act of 1991
H.R.3263
by MORRISON, SID (R-WA) -- Northwest Forest Protection and
Community Stability Act of 1991
H.R.3341
by FRANK, BARNEY (D-MA) -- Ethics in Government Act Amendments
of 1991
H.R.3380
by ECKART (D-OH -- Fair Competition in Broadcasting Act of 1991
H.R.3490
by SWIFT (D-WA) -- Telephone Disclosure and Dispute Resolution
Act
H.R.3515
by COOPER (D-TN) -- Telecommunications Act of 1991
H.R.3581
by DELLUMS (D-CA) -- District of Columbia Legislative and Budget
Autonomy Act of 1991
H.R.3692
by SKEEN (R-NM) -- Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Land Withdrawal
Act of 1991
H.R.3742
by ROSE (D-NC) -- Pesticide Safety Improvement Act of 1991
H.R.3865
by SWIFT (D-WA) -- National Waste Reduction, Recycling, and
Management Act
H.R.4045
by STUDDS (D-MA) -- Endangered Species Act Amendments of 1992
H.J.R.157
by WHITTEN (D-MS) -- Dire Emergency Supplemental Appropriations
and Transfers for Relief from the Effects of Natural Disasters,
for Other Urgent Needs, and for Incremental Cost of "Operation
Desert Shield/Desert Storm" Act of 1992 (Pub. L. 102-229,
approved 12/12/91)
S.12
by DANFORTH (R-MO) -- Cable Television Consumer Protection Act
of 1992
S.21
by CRANSTON (D-CA) -- Protection of the Public Lands in the
California Desert, Provision
S.39
by ROTH, WILLIAM (R-DE) -- National Wildlife Refuge
Administration Act, Amendment
S.173
by HOLLINGS (D-SC) -- Telecommunications Equipment Research and
Manufacturing Competition Act of 1991
S.218
by INOUYE (D-HI) -- Emerging Telecommunications Technologies Act
of 1991
S.242
by GLENN (D-OH) -- Ethics in Government Act of 1978, Amendment
S.244
by JOHNSTON, BENNETT (D-LA) -- Puerto Rico Status Referendum Act
S.250
by FORD, WENDELL (D-KY) -- National Voter Registration Act of
1991
S.279
by BRYAN, RICHARD (D-NV) -- Motor Vehicle Fuel Efficiency Act
S.341
by JOHNSTON, BENNETT (D-LA) -- Motor Vehicle Fuel Efficiency
Act of 1991
Electric Vehicle Technology Development and Demonstration Act
of 1991
Civilian Advanced Nuclear Reactor Commercialization Act of 1991
Nuclear Reactor Licensing Act of 1991
Uranium Enrichment Act of 1991
Uranium Security and Tailings Reclamation Act of 1991
S.430
by METZENBAUM (D-OH) -- Insurance Competitive Pricing Act of 1991
S.533
by GLENN (D-OH) -- Department of the Environment Act
S.596
by MITCHELL, GEORGE (D-ME) -- Federal Facility Compliance Act
of 1991
Metropolitan Washington Waste Management Study Act
S.640
by KASTEN (R-WI) -- Product Liability Fairness Act
S.652
by KOHL (D-WI) -- Telephone Privacy Act of 1991
S.914
by GLENN (D-OH) -- Hatch Act Reform Amendments of 1991
S.921
by DOLE (R-KS) -- National Voter Registration Enhancement Act of
1991
S.1034
by HOLLINGS (D-SC) -- American Technology Preeminence Act of
1991
Technology Administration Authorization Act of 1991
Emerging Technologies and Advanced Technology Program
Amendments Act of 1991
S.1081
by BAUCUS (D-MT) -- Water Pollution Prevention and Control Act
of 1991
S.1138
by JOHNSTON, BENNETT (D-LA) -- Nuclear Waste Policy Amendments
Act of 1991
S.1156
by PACKWOOD (R-OR) -- Federal Lands and Families Protection Act
S.1204
by BURDICK (D-ND) -- Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of
1991
National Recreational Trails Fund Act of 1991
Intelligent Vehicle - Highway Systems Act of 1991
Private Property Rights Act
Rural Tourism Development Act of 1991
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Authorization
Act of 1991
Motor Carrier Safety Assistance Program Reauthorization Act of
1991
Drug Free Truck Stop Act
Omnibus Transportation Employee Testing Act of 1991
Highway Trust Fund Improvement Act of 1991
Federal Transit Act of 1991
S.1220
by JOHNSTON, BENNETT (D-LA) -- National Energy Security Act of
1991
Motor Vehicle Fuel Efficiency Act of 1991
Electric and Electric-Hybrid Vehicles Demonstration Act
Electric Vehicle and Electric-Hybrid Infrastructure Development
Act
Replacement and Alternative Fuels Act of 1991
Energy Options Study Act of 1991
Civilian Advanced Nuclear Reactor Commercialization Act of 1991
Nuclear Reactor Licensing Act of 1991
Uranium Enrichment Act of 1991
Uranium Security and Tailings Reclamation Act of 1991
I S.1462
by HOLLINGS (D-SC) -- Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991
(Pub. L. 102-243, approved 12/20/91)
S.1570
by GRASSLEY (R-IA) -- Fairport National Fish Hatchery, Provision
S.1671
by DOMENICI (R-NM) -- Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Land
Withdrawal Act of 1991
S.2020
by WELLSTONE (D-MN) -- Sustainable Energy Transition Act of 1991
S.2112
by INOUYE (D-HI) -- Information Services Diversity Act of 1991
Do you wish to store these articles in a LEGI-SLATE
FILE for future reference? ('Y/N'
Bills or Resolutions Mentioned:
S.1204 by BURDICK (D-ND) -- Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991
National Recreational Trails Fund Act of 1991
Intelligent Vehicle - Highway Systems Act of 1991
Private Property Rights Act
Rural Tourism Development Act of 1991
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Authorization
Act of 1991
Motor Carrier Safety Assistance Program Reauthorization Act of
1991
Drug Free Truck Stop Act
Omnibus Transportation Employee Testing Act of 1991
Highway Trust Fund Improvement Act of 1991
Federal Transit Act of 1991
No. 6 of 11
07/06/91 -- (C) 1992 National Journal (LEGI-SLATE Article No. 135365)
Malpractice Morass
"National Journal"
Saturday, July 6, 1991
Page 1682
Political maneuvering, not a medical crisis, has moved the malpractice
issue to the fore on Capitol Hill. But it isn't likely to go anywhere until
health care reform does.
Committees Mentioned:
None
Bills or Resolutions Mentioned:
None
No. 7 of 11
08/03/91 -- (C) 1992 National Journal (LEGI-SLATE Article No. 137329)
At A Glance Business Product Liability
"National Journal"
Saturday, August 3, 1991
Page 1935
Product liability: The highly charged battle over proposed changes in
product liability laws has been joined again in the House. In late July, Rep.
J. Roy Rowland, D-Ga., and 100 co-sponsors (including Energy and Commerce
Committee chairman John D. Dingell, D-Mich.) introduced legislation to
establish a uniform federal product liability system. Under the bill,
plaintiffs would have to meet tougher standards before collecting punitive
damages. This year's bill contains no cap on damages, though businesses would
be liable for damages only in proportion to their share of the responsibility
for the harm caused by a dangerous product. The bill would, however, bar
liability suits for harm caused by products that have been on the market for
25 years or more The Business Roundtable and other business groups were quick
to back the new House bill. The existing system "doesn't even serve the
injured well, with costs of more than a dollar needed to deliver a dollar of
benefits to the injured person," said Robert H. Mallot, chairman of FMC Corp.
and chairman of the Roundtable's Tort Policy Task Force. But consumer advocate
Ralph Nader blasted the bill, contending that it would lead to "more dangerous
products on the market, more preventable deaths and injuries and more
uncompensated victims. = A similar bill was introduced in the Senate on March
13.
Committees Mentioned:
HOUSE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE
Bills or Resolutions Mentioned:
H.R.3030 by ROWLAND, ROY (D-GA) -- Fairness in Product Liability Act of 1991
S.640
by KASTEN (R-WI) -- Product Liability Fairness Act
No. 8 of 11
10/19/91 -- (C) 1992 National Journal (LEGI-SLATE Article No. 142203)
Tooling Up
"National Journal"
Saturday, October 19, 1991
Page 2544
Thanks to a voluntary restraint agreement, the U.S. machine tool industry
has had a five-year respite from imports. Now the industry wants the
restrictions extended; it might not get its way.
Committees Mentioned:
None
Bills or Resolutions Mentioned:
None
No. 9 of 11
11/23/91 -- (C) 1992 National Journal (LEGI-SLATE Article No. 144593)
Knocking the System
"National Journal"
Saturday, November 23, 1991
Page 2844
Dan Quayle found the right rhetoric with his broadsides against the
legal system. But his proposed solutions face a fight from consumer groups and
lawyers.
Committees Mentioned:
SENATE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY
SENATE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION
HOUSE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY
Bills or Resolutions Mentioned:
H.R.2937 by ROTH, TOBY (R-WI) -- Product Liability Uniform Standards Act
H.R.3068 by MCEWEN (R-OH) -- Product Liability Fairness Act
S.640
by KASTEN (R-WI) -- Product Liability Fairness Act
No. 10 of 11
11/23/91 -- (C) 1992 National Journal (LEGI-SLATE Article No. 144594)
Quayle to Lawyers: "I Have the Constituency"
"National Journal"
Saturday, November 23, 1991
Page 2846
On his flight back from an Oct. 25 speech to members of the American Bar
Association (ABA) in Chicago, Vice President Dan Quayle discussed Bush
Administration initiatives to make major changes in the American legal system.
Here is an edited version of the interview.
Committees Mentioned:
None
Bills or Resolutions Mentioned:
H.R.3068 by MCEWEN (R-OH) -- Product Liability Fairness Act
S.640
by KASTEN (R-WI) -- Product Liability Fairness Act
No. 11 of 11
02/15/92 -- (C) 1992 National Journal (LEGI-SLATE Article No. 150037)
Staking Out Turf
"National Journal"
Saturday, February 15, 1992
Page 390
The prospect of Congress taking a scalpel to health care has sent a
shudder through the industry--and kicked K Street into overdrive. Though
almost everyone agrees that there won't be a major overhaul this year, the
jockeying for position is
Committees Mentioned:
SENATE COMMITTEE ON FINANCE
HOUSE COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS
Bills or Resolutions Mentioned:
H.R.1300 by RUSSO (D-IL) -- Universal Health Care Act of 1991
H.R.3205 by ROSTENKOWSKI (D-IL) -- Health Insurance Coverage and Cost
Containment Act of 1991
S.1227 by MITCHELL, GEORGE (D-ME) -- HealthAmerica: Affordable Health
Care for All Americans Act
Do you wish to store these articles in a LEGI-SLATE
FILE for future reference? ('Y/N') y
Type the name of an ARTICLE file, or NAMES
04/27/1992 14:30 FROM PRESIDENT'S DINNER 1990 TO
4566218 P.01
Guy Vander Jagt
Chirrman
National Republican
GEORGE BUSH
Phil Gramm
Congressional Committee
Chrivman
THEPRESIDENT'S DINNER
Servicerial Committee
Robert H. Michel
Republicon Leader of the House
Howard H. Baker, Jr.
Bob Dole
Dinner Chairman
Repablican leader of New Senate
James R. Thompson
Deputy Chairmen
Tom Loeffler
Robert A. Day
William A. Schreyer
Jack McDonald
PHONE: 202-659-1771
FAX: 202-833-2491
DATE: 4/27/92
TIME:
2:47 p.m.
PLEASE DELIVER THE FOLLOWING PAGE(S) IMMEDIATELY
TO:
Jeannie Buntan
Fax: 456-6218
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NUMBER OF PAGES TO FOLLOW THIS COVER SHEET:
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OPERATOR: Marian Hissong
COMMENTS: Following, please find Bio. on William
A. Schrever.
Thank you,
Betsy.
1101 17th Street,
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04/27/1992 14:30 FROM PRESIDENT'S DINNER 1990 TO
4566218 P.02
PROMISM NI 315Γ. FL
TO:
2122364385
DEC 10, 1991
2:25PM
P.02
News
Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc.
World Headquarters
North Tower
World Financial Center
Merrill Lynch
New York, New York 10281/1219
Release date:
1991
For information contact:
Bobbie Collins
Corporate Communications
212-449-7282
WILLIAM A. SCHREYER
Biography
William A. Schreyer is Chairman and Chief Executive
officer of Merrill Lynch & co., Inc., the worldwide
financial services company.
Mr. Schreyer has spent his entire business career at
Merrill Lynch. During that time, he has been active in
retail sales, Government securities, investment banking and
administrative functions, and put together Merrill Lynch's
integrated capital markets structure:
Mr. Schreyer joined the company in June 1948 as a
junior executive trainee and subsequently served as account
executive, office manager and regional executive. He was
elected & Vice President in 1965.
- MORE -
04/27/1992 14:31 FROM PRESIDENT'S DINNER 1990 TO
4566218 P.03
- 2 -
In 1973 Mr. Schreyer was named Chairman of Merrill
Lynch Government Securities Inc., the Merrill Lynch
subsidiary that operates as a primary dealer in Government
securities. He quickly recognized the interrelated nature
of the various units serving institutional, corporate and
government customers and worked toward establishing a
coordinated operation. This led in 1976 to Mr. Schreyer's
appointment as Executive Vice President in charge of the
newly established Capital Markets group.
In July 1978 Mr. Schreyer was named President and
Chief Administrative Officer of Merrill Lynch, Pierce,
Fenner & Smith, Merrill Lynch's principal securities
subsidiary. He was so:designated Chief Executive Officer
of this subsidiary in January 1980 and assumed the
additional post of Chairman in January 1981. He held these
offices until July 1985.
A member of the Board of Directors of the parent
company, Merrill Lynch & Co., since 1976 and of its
Executive Committee since 1979, Mr. Schreyer was elected
President of Merrill Lynch & Co. in January 1982. He
assumed the Chief Executive's duties in July 1984 and was
named Chairman in April 1985.
- MORE -
04/27/1992 14:31 FROM PRESIDENT'S DINNER 1990 TO
4566218 P.04
- 3 -
Mr. Schreyer is a Director of Schering-Plough
Corporation and a member of International Monetary Fund's
Advisory Committee -- Staff Retirement Plan. He also
serves on the Budget Task Force of the Business Roundtable
and on the Boards of the Committee for Economic
Development, The Economic Club of New York, the Foreign
Policy Association, the Japan Society and Vote America
Foundation.
Mr. Schreyer serves on the Board of Trustees of the
Center for Strategic & International Studies and is a
member of the Council on Foreign Relations, He is also a
Senior Member of The Conference Board, a Partner and former
Director of the New York city Partnership and Member of the
New Jersey Roundtable. Mr. Schreyer was elected a Director
of the New York Stock Exchange in May 1985 and served as
Vice Chairman of the Board from 1987 until ending his term
in May 1990. In October, 1990, Mr. Schreyer was a leader
of a New York Stock Exchange delegation to the Soviet Union
which met with top Soviet officials including President
Mikhail S. Gorbachev, on the development of securities
markets in that country. From 1978 to 1983 he served as a
Governor and member of the Executive Committee of the
Securities Industry Association, the last two years as Vice
Chairman.
- MORE -
04/27/1992 14:32 FROM PRESIDENT'S DINNER 1990 TO
4566218 P.05
- 4 -
Born in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, on January 13,
1928, Mr. Schreyer graduated from Pennsylvania State
University in 1948 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in
Business Administration. He interrupted his Merrill Lynch
career for active duty as a First Lieutenant in the U.S.
Air Force in 1955-56.
Mr. Schreyer has distinguished himself as an ardent
supporter of educational causes. He was appointed to the
Pennsylvania State University Board of Trustees in 1986 and
was elected Vice President in 1991. He served as National
Chairman of the Campaign for Penn State -- the University's
six-year major gifts fund-raising drive which surpassed
$350 million. He also is a member of the Board of Visitors
for the Smeal College of Business Administration at the
University which serves as advisory to the Dean on a number
of matters, including curriculum and strategic planning for
the college. He has previously has been designated a
Distinguished Alumnus and Alumni Fellow of the university.
- MORE -
04/27/1992 14:32 FROM PRESIDENT'S DINNER 1990 TO
4566218 P.06
- 5 -
Mr. Schreyer has been active in fund raising for the
New York Archdiocese and has served as Co-Chairman of the
Cardinal's Committee for the Laity since 1988 and is an
Executive Board Member of The Partnership for Quality
Education, an independent non-profit corporation of
prominent business and community leaders of all faiths
dedicated to providing financial assistance to and ensuring
the future of the Archdiocese of new York's 140 inner-city
schools. He is a Knight of Malta, Knight of the Equestrian
order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem and was vested
into the Knights of St. Gregory in 1990.
Mr. Schreyer also serves on the Boards of the Council
for Aid to Education, The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation
which operates New York's Guggenheim Museum, and United Way
Tri-State. He is on the Executive Council of Daytop
Village and National Chairman of the Sigma Phi Epsilon
Educational Foundation. He also serves on the corporate
committee of the Barbara Bush Foundation for Family
Literacy.
*If # #
8/1991
TOTAL P.06
8
model which rejects the view that progress is measured in money
spent and bureaucracies built." We've been making slow but
steady progress -- like the Union army -- over the last three
years, toward what the President called "our New Paradigm."
Franklin Roosevelt knew 50 years ago that welfare was a
"narcotic." The New Deal's emphasis on reciprocity -- epitomized
by the CCC and the WPA -- helped the nation work itself out of
poverty. Decades later, the Washington Establishment is in the
grip of -- or more to the point, consists of -- reactionary
institutional interests. Recall that plantation owners claimed
that slavery was good for slaves. Today, the grandees of the Old
Paradigm say their system is good for "clients" although they
allow that they need more funding. Paternalism now, they seem to
be saying, paternalism tomorrow, and paternalism forever. Policy
failure has stripped these reactionaries of their moral authority
if not their political power: their ideology, in George Will's
formulation, can be summed up in a single four letter word:
"more."
Unfortunately, too many well-meaning people have been
manipulated by the cynical American nomenklatura into confusing a
certain time specific technique of government -- bureaucracy --
with the always admirable goal of government fostering self-
sufficiency. Lincoln was right when he said that government's
greatest purpose is "to elevate the condition of men -- to lift
artificial weights from all shoulders -- to clear the paths of
laudable pursuit for all."
The failures and frustrations of the last three years is a
lesson: this revolution really is not a tea party. Like Robert
E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson in the 1860s, today's generals of
the old Paradigm are tenacious and resourceful.
Lincoln came to understand the history he was making. As he
told Congress on the eve of the Emancipation Proclamation: "The
dogmas of the quiet past are inadequate to the stormy present.
As our case is new, we must think anew, and act anew."
For most of his first term, George Bush urged Congress to
enact many common sense policies for economic growth and for a
kinder, gentler America. The President's generous Inaugural
Address ("The people did not send us here to bicker") echoed
Lincoln's expressed desire to achieve his goals through "the
spirit of compromise and mutual concession." As John Kennedy
said, "compromise does not mean cowardice." Yet the reasonable
approach of Abraham Lincoln and George Bush started with the
assumption that the opposition shared similar goals. The
President assented to Congress's demand for higher taxes, in
hopes that the Congress would follow through on its return
promise to control spending and reduce the deficit.
Unfortunately, spending and the deficit went up, not down.
(Ferguson/Bunton)
April 24, 1992
Draft Two
DINNER
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: 1992 PRESIDENT'S DINNER
WASHINGTON CONVENTION CENTER
APRIL 28, 1992
9:00 PM
[Acknowledgments]
I'm delighted to be here, with the men and women who are
going to change America. I know there's been a lot of talk about
change this election year. And most of it has been just that --
talk. But the time for talk is over.
America needs men and women of purpose, of experience,
people who know how to get things done. We need people who
aren't afraid to rattle the business-as-usual crowd. We need
people who will stand up to the status quo -- who'll tell them
the old ways of doing things just aren't good enough anymore.
What we need, ladies and gentlemen, is a Republican
president and a Republican Congress. That's what we're moving
toward tonight, with your generous help. And that's how we will
build a better America.
Over the past three years, I've spoken often of the need for
reform. I've made specific and far-reaching proposals to change
our education system, and our health care system. I've made
proposals to reform our legal system and our election campaigns.
Right down the line, on issue after issue, the Republican
party has proposed fundamental changes to solve the problems that
burden our country.
2
And against heavy odds, we've had our successes. But you
know as well as I that we've come up against some obstacles in
the past three years. You know who those obstacles are. So do
I. And so do the American people. They are the special
interests -- small, entrenched constituencies who put their
narrow wants before the common good. They fight change for a
simple reason: change threatens the status quo.
Yes, the special interests are powerful. Yes, they're
influential. And heaven knows they're well-financed -- after
all, they've been able to buy their very own political party.
But the special interests are about to learn something else
this election year: The American people have had enough of the
way they do business.
Let's look at a few examples.
It used to be that a doctor's first worry was about the care
of the patient -- not the threat of a malpractice suit. Every
American knows what I'm talking about: lawsuit madness. Doctors
not delivering babies -- parents not coaching Little League --
volunteers not helping the elderly -- all from fear of nuisance
lawsuits.
That's just plain wrong. That is not the kind of America we
want. People should spend more time helping each other and less
time suing each other.
We're trying to do something about that. You'll remember
our bill to reform product liability laws --- introduced it first
in 1990. But the liberal Democrats, coached by the special
3
interests, refused to budge. So we introduced it again in '91.
And guess what -- Senate Democrats refuse to bring it up for a
vote, and in the House our reform is stuck in two -- that's
right, two -- committees.
Make no mistake: We will ensure that every American's rights
are protected. But we will reform our legal system to get rid of
these frivolous lawsuits -- and no lobby of trial lawyers will
stand in the way.
Here's another example. It used to be that when we sent our
kids to school, we knew they were going to get a world-class
education. They'd learn how to read and write and multiply and
divide, and they'd learn something about the world. And we knew
the values we taught them at home would be reinforced in the
classroom -- like knowing the difference between right and wrong.
But now we consider ourselves lucky if we can send our kids
to schools where they don't find a gun in someone's locker, or
catch some punk dealing drugs on the playground. And in the
classroom, our kids seem to be learning less every year.
That's wrong. That's got to change. We must reinvent
American education, top-to-bottom -- for our kids, and for our
teachers, who too often have to double as social workers,
counselors, and surrogate parents. God bless America's teachers
for the work they do.
We know how to help them. Our America 2000 reforms are
gaining steam, community by community. We're encouraging break-
the-mold schools, national standards and testing; we're fighting
4
to give teachers and communities maximum flexibility. We've got
to rid our schools of drugs and violence. And whether it's among
public schools, private or religious, parents must have the
freedom to choose their children's schools.
This is a revolution long-overdue. And the entrenched
special interests, the business-as-usual-crowd, the liberal
Democrats had all best understand: This revolution is going to
happen, with or without the permission of the NEA and its friends
in Congress.
Another example: It used to be that going to the hospital
didn't conjure up visions of financial ruin. American health
care is still the best in the world, but too many Americans can't
qualify for health insurance or can't afford it. The cost of
even minor surgery has gone through the roof.
This too has got to change. And we know how to change it.
Our health care reform is comprehensive; it preserves what works,
changes what doesn't. It makes health insurance accessible and
affordable -- without throwing out the highest-quality care in
the world.
Of course, the other side doesn't like our reform. For
them, freedom of choice -- whether in medical care, education or
child care -- will always take a back seat to some bureaucratic
mandate. They've got other ideas -- very expensive ones, as
always. They can call it "national health insurance," "pay-or-
play," whatever they'd like. But it's socialized health care any
way you cut it -- and that would be a national disaster. We are
5
not going to let the government come between doctors and their
patients.
You see, no matter what the problem, the special interests
want a program -- some vast, unaccountable bureaucracy they can
manipulate and Congress can micromanage. You'll remember our
friends on the Left used to talk about "getting on the right side
of history." Well, they were wrong about which side history was
on.
It wasn't theirs. It was ours. A movement sweeps the world
today: a movement away from bureaucratic mandates and centralized
authority and towards the freely made decisions of individual men
and women. And there's a reason freedom is on the march from
Managua to Moscow. Think back to the 1980s, to the climax of the
Cold War. Liberal Democrats called for gutting the defense
budget, then for a nuclear freeze, then an end to weapons
modernization. But the Republican party was there to say: No!
We stood squarely with the American people for a strong defense.
And because we stood firm, imperial communism today is a four-
letter word: D-E-A-D.
The Republican party has always sensed the inevitability of
freedom's march. It is woven into everything we are as a party.
Remember the first Republican president. Government's greatest
purpose, Lincoln said, was "to lift artificial weights from all
shoulders, to clear the paths of laudable pursuit for all."
6
With your continued support, we will see this mission
through, as a party and as a nation -- the greatest, freest
nation on earth.
Thank you. God bless you and the United States of America.
# # # #
(Ferguson/Bunton)
April 24, 1992
Draft Two
DINNER
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: 1992 PRESIDENT'S DINNER
WASHINGTON CONVENTION CENTER
APRIL 28, 1992
9:00 PM
[Acknowledgments]
I'm delighted to be here, with the men and women who are
going to change America. I know there's been a lot of talk about
change this election year. And most of it has been just that --
talk. But the time for talk is over.
America needs men and women of purpose, of experience,
people who know how to get things done. We need people who
aren't afraid to rattle the business-as-usual crowd. We need
people who will stand up to the status quo -- who'll tell them
the old ways of doing things just aren't good enough anymore.
What we need, ladies and gentlemen, is a Republican
president and a Republican Congress. That's what we're moving
toward tonight, with your generous help. And that's how we will
build a better America.
Over the past three years, I've spoken often of the need for
reform. I've made specific and far-reaching proposals to change
our education system, and our health care system. I've made
proposals to reform our legal system and our election campaigns.
Right down the line, on issue after issue, the Republican
party has proposed fundamental changes to solve the problems that
burden our country.
2
And against heavy odds, we've had our successes. But you
know as well as I that we've come up against some obstacles in
the past three years. You know who those obstacles are. So do
I. And so do the American people. They are the special
interests -- small, entrenched constituencies who put their
narrow wants before the common good. They fight change for a
simple reason: change threatens the status quo.
Yes, the special interests are powerful. Yes, they're
influential. And heaven knows they're well-financed -- after
all, they've been able to buy their very own political party.
But the special interests are about to learn something else
this election year: The American people have had enough of the
way they do business.
Let's look at a few examples.
It used to be that a doctor's first worry was about the care
of the patient -- not the threat of a malpractice suit. Every
American knows what I'm talking about: lawsuit madness. Doctors
not delivering babies -- parents not coaching Little League --
volunteers not helping the elderly -- all from fear of nuisance
lawsuits.
That's just plain wrong. That is not the kind of America we
want. People should spend more time helping each other and less
time suing each other.
We're trying to do something about that. You'll remember
our bill to reform product liability laws -- introduced it first
in 1990. But the liberal Democrats, coached by the special
3
interests, refused to budge. So we introduced it again in '91.
And guess what -- Senate Democrats refuse to bring it up for a
vote, and in the House our reform is stuck in two -- that's
right, two -- committees.
Make no mistake: We will ensure that every American's rights
are protected. But we will reform our legal system to get rid of
these frivolous lawsuits -- and no lobby of trial lawyers will
stand in the way.
Here's another example. It used to be that when we sent our
kids to school, we knew they were going to get a world-class
education. They'd learn how to read and write and multiply and
divide, and they'd learn something about the world. And we knew
the values we taught them at home would be reinforced in the
classroom -- like knowing the difference between right and wrong.
But now we consider ourselves lucky if we can send our kids
to schools where they don't find a gun in someone's locker, or
catch some punk dealing drugs on the playground. And in the
classroom, our kids seem to be learning less every year.
That's wrong. That's got to change. We must reinvent
American education, top-to-bottom -- for our kids, and for our
teachers, who too often have to double as social workers,
counselors, and surrogate parents. God bless America's teachers
for the work they do.
We know how to help them. Our America 2000 reforms are
gaining steam, community by community. We're encouraging break-
the-mold schools, national standards and testing; we're fighting
4
to give teachers and communities maximum flexibility. We've got
to rid our schools of drugs and violence. And whether it's among
public schools, private or religious, parents must have the
freedom to choose their children's schools.
This is a revolution long-overdue. And the entrenched
special interests, the business-as-usual-crowd, the liberal
Democrats had all best understand: This revolution is going to
happen, with or without the permission of the NEA and its friends
in Congress.
Another example: It used to be that going to the hospital
didn't conjure up visions of financial ruin. American health
care is still the best in the world, but too many Americans can't
qualify for health insurance or can't afford it. The cost of
even minor surgery has gone through the roof.
This too has got to change. And we know how to change it.
Our health care reform is comprehensive; it preserves what works,
changes what doesn't. It makes health insurance accessible and
affordable -- without throwing out the highest-quality care in
the world.
of course, the other side doesn't like our reform. For
them, freedom of choice -- whether in medical care, education or
child care -- will always take a back seat to some bureaucratic
mandate. They've got other ideas -- very expensive ones, as
always. They can call it "national health insurance," "pay-or-
play," whatever they'd like. But it's socialized health care any
way you cut it -- and that would be a national disaster. We are
5
not going to let the government come between doctors and their
patients.
You see, no matter what the problem, the special interests
want a program -- some vast, unaccountable bureaucracy they can
manipulate and Congress can micromanage. You'll remember our
friends on the Left used to talk about "getting on the right side
of history." Well, they were wrong about which side history was
on.
It wasn't theirs. It was ours. A movement sweeps the world
today: a movement away from bureaucratic mandates and centralized
authority and towards the freely made decisions of individual men
and women. And there's a reason freedom is on the march from
Managua to Moscow. Think back to the 1980s, to the climax of the
Cold War. Liberal Democrats called for gutting the defense
budget, then for a nuclear freeze, then an end to weapons
modernization. But the Republican party was there to say: No!
We stood squarely with the American people for a strong defense.
And because we stood firm, imperial communism today is a four-
letter word: D-E-A-D.
The Republican party has always sensed the inevitability of
freedom's march. It is woven into everything we are as a party.
Remember the first Republican president. Government's greatest
purpose, Lincoln said, was "to lift artificial weights from all
shoulders, to clear the paths of laudable pursuit for all."
6
With your continued support, we will see this mission
through, as a party and as a nation -- the greatest, freest
nation on earth.
Thank you. God bless you and the United States of America.
# # # #
guzanne Fauth- trip cordinator
Gordon James- - Lead Advance
23 april 1992
David Watson- WHCAlead
PRE-ADVANCE/WALK-THRU QUESTIONNAIRE
EVENT: The President's Dinn
DATE: 28 again 1992
TIME: Arive 7:20p Speak 9:20p
LOCATION:
(GIVE
DETAILS) Washington convention Center
EXPECTED (NUMBER AND AUDIENCE: COMPOSITION) 4,000 - 4,200
PRESS COVERAGE: Scott Facett (OPEN)
DIAS PARTICIPANTS: Sur list/memo DINNERSOME! From Betsy Chonomon, exc.div.R
CABINET/CONGRESSIONAL/ADMINISTRATION: EXPECTED PARTICIPATION BY MEMBERS OF TBD
POTUS INTRODUCTION: Conq. Guy Vander Jag+
PERTINENT SPEECH TOPICS: Partisan- Congress-
REASON FOR EVENT: Annual funkraiser
(+-prongt)
PLEASE ATTACH PRE-ADVANCE/WALK-THRU CALL SHEET
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
April 27, 1992
MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT
THROUGH:
DAVID F. DEMAREST
FROM:
ANDY FERGUSON at
SUBJECT:
PROPOSED REMARKS FOR THE PRESIDENT'S DINNER
I. SUMMARY
On Tuesday, April 28 at 9:00 p.m. you will deliver remarks
to an audience of 4,200 in the Grand Ballroom of the Washington
Convention Center.
The audience includes members of the House and Senate.
II. DISCUSSION
Your remarks, (approximately 12 minutes /
teleprompter), focus on Republican leadership and your reform
agenda.
(Ferguson/Bunton)
April 27, 1992
Draft Three
DINNER
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: 1992 PRESIDENT'S DINNER
WASHINGTON CONVENTION CENTER
APRIL 28, 1992
9:20 PM
[Acknowledgments: Thank you, Guy Vander Jagt for that kind
introduction. Greetings to James Thompson, Tom Loeffler, Robert
Day, William Schreyer and Jack McDonald. Let me offer special
thanks to Howard Baker for his three years of outstanding
leadership as Chairman of the President's Dinner. And my
congratulations and thanks to XX, who will be taking over as
chairman this year.]
((I especially want to thank Senator Baker and the entire
leadership of the 1992 President's Dinner for this record-
breaking event. Even more amazing, you managed to break all
fund-raising records without asking Millie for a single dime.))
((If there's one thing Millie really resents, it's being
called a "fat cat."))
I'm delighted to be here, with the men and women who are
going to change America. I know there's been a lot of talk about
change this election year. And most of it has been just that --
talk. But the time for talk is over.
America needs men and women of purpose, of experience,
people who know how to get things done. We need people who
aren't afraid to rattle the business-as-usual crowd. We need
people who will stand up to the status quo -- who'll tell them
the old ways of doing things just aren't good enough anymore.
2
What we need, ladies and gentlemen, is a Republican
president and a Republican Congress. That's what we're moving
toward tonight, with your generous help. And that's how we will
build a better America.
Over the past three years, I've spoken often of the need for
reform. I've made specific and far-reaching proposals to change
our education system, and our health care system. I've made
proposals to reform our legal system and our election campaigns.
Right down the line, on issue after issue, the Republican
party has proposed fundamental changes to solve the problems that
burden our country.
And against heavy odds, we've had our successes. But you
know as well as I that we've come up against some obstacles in
the past three years. These special interests are small,
entrenched constituencies who put their narrow wants before the
common good. They block change because change threatens the
status quo, and their power is out of all proportion to their
size. But they are about to learn a painful lesson this election
year: The American people have had enough of the way they do
business.
Let me give you a few examples.
It used to be that a doctor's first worry was about the care
of the patient -- not the threat of a malpractice suit. Every
American knows what I'm talking about: lawsuit madness. Doctors
not delivering babies -- parents not coaching Little League --
3
volunteers not helping the elderly -- all from fear of nuisance
lawsuits.
That's just plain wrong. That is not the kind of America we
want. People should spend more time helping each other and less
time suing each other.
We're trying to do something about that. You'll remember
our bill to reform product liability laws. We first sent it to
Capitol Hill in 1990. But the liberal Democrats, coached by the
special interests, refused to budge. So we introduced it again
in '91. And guess what -- Senate Democrats refuse to bring it up
for a vote. Over in the House our reform is bottled up in two
committees.
Make no mistake: We will ensure that every American's rights
are protected. But we will reform our legal system to get rid of
these frivolous lawsuits -- and no lobby of trial lawyers will
stand in the way.
Here's another example. It used to be that when we sent our
kids to school, we knew they were going to get a first-class
education. They'd learn how to read and write and multiply and
divide, and they'd learn something about the world. And we knew
the values we taught them at home would be reinforced in the
classroom -- like knowing the difference between right and wrong.
But now we consider ourselves lucky if we can send our kids
to schools where they don't find a gun in someone's locker, or
catch some punk dealing drugs on the playground. And in the
classroom, our educational achievement is sliding every year.
4
That's wrong. That's got to change. We must reinvent
American education, top-to-bottom -- for our kids, and for our
teachers, who too often have to double as social workers,
counselors, even surrogate parents. God bless America's teachers
for the work they do.
We know how to help them. Our America 2000 reforms are
gaining steam, community by community. We're encouraging break-
the-mold schools, world-class standards and voluntary testing;
we're fighting to give teachers and communities maximum
flexibility. We've got to rid our schools of drugs and violence.
And whether it's among public schools, private or religious,
parents must have the freedom to choose their children's schools.
This is a revolution long-overdue. And the entrenched
special interests, the business-as-usual-crowd, the liberal
Democrats had all best understand: This revolution is going to
happen, with or without the permission of the NEA and its friends
in Congress.
Another example: It used to be that going to the hospital
didn't conjure up visions of financial ruin. American health
care is still the best in the world, but too many Americans can't
qualify for health insurance or can't afford it. The cost of
even minor surgery has gone through the roof.
This too has got to change. And we know how to change it.
Our health care reform is comprehensive; it preserves what works,
changes what doesn't. It makes health insurance accessible and
5
affordable -- without throwing out the highest-quality care in
the world.
of course, the other side doesn't like our reform. For
them, freedom of choice -- whether in medical care, education or
child care -- will always take a back seat to some bureaucratic
mandate. They've got other ideas -- very expensive ones, as
always. They can call it "national health insurance," "pay-or-
play,' whatever they'd like. But it's socialized health care any
way you cut it -- and that would be a national disaster. We are
not going to let the government come between doctors and their
patients.
You see, no matter what the problem, the special interests
and their clients who control Congress want a program -- some
vast, unaccountable bureaucracy they can manipulate for their own
purposes. But this steady, unthinking expansion of government
power is coming to an end. In my State of the Union address I
announced a 90-day moratorium on excessive government
regulations, and we've seen results across the board -- from
biotech to banking to energy. Tomorrow I'll announce the next
stage of our continuing battle against excessive regulations.
But I can tell you this right now: the days of over-regulation
are just that -- over.
You'll remember our friends on the Left used to talk about
"getting on the right side of history." Well, they were wrong
about which side history was on.
6
It wasn't theirs. It was ours. A movement sweeps the world
today: a movement away from bureaucratic mandates and centralized
authority and towards the freely made decisions of individual men
and women. And there's a reason freedom is on the march from
Managua to Moscow. Think back to the 1980s, to the climax of the
Cold War. Liberal Democrats called for gutting the defense
budget, then for a nuclear freeze, then an end to weapons
modernization. But the Republican party was there to say: No!
We stood squarely with the American people for a strong defense.
And because we stood firm, imperial communism today is a four-
letter word: D-E-A-D.
The Republican party has always sensed the inevitability of
freedom's march. It is woven into everything we are as a party.
Recall the first Republican president. Government's greatest
purpose, Lincoln said, was "to lift artificial weights from all
shoulders, to clear the paths of laudable pursuit for all."
With your continued support, we will see this mission
through, as a party and as a nation -- the greatest, freest
nation on earth.
Thank you. God bless you and the United States of America.
#
#
#
Kate Moran
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23-021 CARBONLESS
THE PRESIDENT'S DINNER
APRIL 28, 1992
PRE-EVENT AGENDA
APRIL 23, 1992
I. Welcome and Introductions
II. Synopsis of Event
III. General Information and Schedule Review
A. Show Offices
B. Move-In
C. April 28
--White House
--Secret Service
D. Move-Out
E. Daily Status Meetings
IV. Washington Convention Center Departments
A. Security
1. Chainingof Hall A
2. Overhang Parking - April 27 & 28
3. Parking Passes & Keys
B. Electrical
1. Dedicated Electrician
C. Telecommunications
1. SMO/Will Call Telephones
D. Engineering
1. Dedicated Engineer/Laser Hookups
E. Accounting
1. Billing/Account Review Meeting
F. Building Services
1. Show Office/Hall A Cleaning
2. Stages - Hall A & Lobbies
V. Service America/NBSE
VI Service Contractors
1. Hargrove
2. B&B Catering
3. Security Bureau
4. Ray Bloch Productions
5. GAV Sound
6. Lighting by Lyttle
VII. Questions/Comments
VIII. Adjournment
ACCOUNT EXECUTIVE: Dick Vosilus
AV
Issue Date: April 15, 1992
PRIORITY
EVENT MEMO
THE PRESIDENT'S DINNER
22-29 April, 1992
Tuesday, 21 April, 1992
8:00 a.m.
Hall A NW Tower SMO
WCC Clean
8:00 a.m.
Rooms1/2,4,5,7,8,9
WCC Set
10/11/12,16,17,18,19
31,32/33,34,36,37
12 Noon
Hall A NW Tower SMO Hargrove Delivers SMO
Furniture
Wednesday, 22 April 1992
Decorator & Contractors Move-In, SMO Open
8:00 a.m.
Hall A NW Tower
SMO Open
8:00 a.m.
Hall A
Hargrove Mark Floor, Begin
Hanging Perimeter Drape and
Begin Monument/Headtable
Setup
8:00 a.m.
Hall A
GAV Sound Begin Cable &
Speaker Installation
8:00 a.m.
Hall A
Light Truss Installation
8:00 a.m.
Room 4/5
Security Bureau Inc.
8:00 a.m.
Room 32/33
TPD Storage
12 Noon
Room 35
Volunteers Lounge
TBD
Hall A
WCC Chain
Thursday, 23 April 1992
8:00 a.m.
Hall A
WCC Unchain
8:00 a.m.
Hall A
Hargrove Con't. Drape Work
8:00 a.m.
Hall A NW Tower
SMO Open
8:00 a.m.
Hall A
GAV Finish Cable
& Speaker Installation
8:00 a.m.
Hall A
Light Truss Installation
Page 1
8:00 a.m.
Hall A
WCC Drop Stage Sections for
Headtables
8:00 a.m.
Lobbies 1 & 2
Hargrove Begin Setup for
Will Call & Reception(s)
8:00 a.m.
Lobbies 1 & 2
WCC Drop Stage Sections for
Receptions and Chairs for
Will Call
8:00 a.m.
Room 4
Security Bureau Inc
8:00 a.m.
Room 8
WCC Install Telephone Lines
for Will Call
8:00
Room 32/33
TPD Storage
8:00 a.m.
Room 35
Volunteers Lounge
10:00 a.m.
Room 31
Pre-Event/White House
Walk Thru
4:00 p.m.
Hall A NW Tower SMO
Status Meeting/All Vendors
Time TBD
Hall A
WCC Chain
Friday, 24 April 1992
8:00 a.m.
Hall A
WCC Unchain
8:00 a.m.
Hall A NW Tower
SMO Open
8:00 a.m.
Lobby 5
Hargrove Begin VIP Holding
Area Setup
8:00 a.m.
Hall A
Hargrove Begins Carpet
Installation
8:00 a.m.
Hall A
Hargrove Begins Filling Balloon
Bags
8:00 a.m.
Hall A
Light Truss Installation Finished
8:00 a.m.
Hall A
Future View Begins Screen(s)
Installation
8:00 a.m.
Room 4/5
Security Bureau Inc
8:00 a.m.
Room 8
Will Call
8:00 a.m.
Room 3
Decorator Storage
8:00 a.m.
Room 32/33
TPD Storage
8:00 a.m.
Room 35
Volunteers Lounge
12 Noon.
Hall B
IPS Set Up Flower Assembly
Area
4:00 p.m.
Hall A NW Tower
Status Meeting/All Vendors
Page 2
Time TBD
Hall A
WCC Chain
Saturday, April 25, 1992
8:00 a.m.
Hall A
WCC Unchain
8:00 a.m.
Hall A NW Tower
SMO Open
8:00 a.m.
Hall A
Hargrove Finishes All Major
Elements
8:00 a.m.
Hall A
Future View Continue
Screen Work
8:00 a.m.
Hall B
IPS Begins Centerpiece Prep
8:00a.m.
Lobbies 1 & 2
Hargrove Continues Setup for
Receptions
8:00 a.m.
Lobby 5
VIP Holding Setup
8:00 a.m.
Room 3
Decorator Storage
8:00 a.m.
Room 4/5
Security Bureau Inc.
8:00 a.m.
Room 8
Will Call
8:00 a.m.
Room 32/33
TPD Storage
8:00 a.m.
Room 35
Volunteers Lounge
12 Noon
Hall A
Hargrove Begins Balloon Bag
Installation
4:00 p.m.
Hall A NW Tower SMO
Status Meeting/All Vendors
7:00 p.m. (t)
Hall A
Lighting Check/Focus
Time TBD
Hall A
WCC Chain
Sunday, April 26
8:00 a.m.
Halls A & B
WCC Unchain
8:00 a.m.
Hall A NW Tower
SMO Open
8:00 a.m.
Hall A Towers
AVI Begin Laser Equipment
Installation
8:00 a.m.
Hall A
Hargrove On Call for Changes
8:00 a.m.
Hall B
B&B Stage Trucks, Begin Setup
of Food Prep Area and Drop
Tables in Hall A
8:00 a.m.
Hall B
IPS Continues Centerpiece Prep
8:00 a.m.
Lobbies 1,2,5
Hargrove Finish All VIP Holding
Area & Pre/Post Reception
Work
Page 3
8:00 a.m.
Room 4/5
Security Bureau Inc
8:00 a.m.
Room 3
Decorator Storage
8:00 a.m.
Room 32/33
Volunteer Gift Bag Assembly
8:00 a.m.
Room 35
Volunteers Lounge
12 Noon
Hall A
B&B Drop Tables
4:00 p.m.
Hall A
"Black Out" for Screen(s) Test
4:00 p.m.
Hall A
GAV Sound Test
5:00 p.m.
Hall A NW Tower SMO
Status Meeting/All Vendors
6:00 p.m.
Hall A
Laser/Fog Machine Test
7:00 p.m.
Hall A
Volunteer Walk-Thru
Time TBD
Halls A & B
WCC Chain
Monday, April 27, 1992
7:00 a.m.
Hall A & B
WCC Unchain
7:00 a.m.
Hall A NW Tower
SMO Open
7:00 a.m.
Hall A
B&B Set Tables/Chairs
7:00 a.m.
Hall A
Laser/Fog Machine Work Con't.
7:00 a.m.
Hall A
Future View Finish Screen Work
7:00 a.m.
Hall B
B&B Food Prep
7:00 a.m.
Hall B
IPS Continues Centerpiece Prep
7:00 a.m.
Lobbies 1,2,3,5
Hargrove continue/complete
all setups
7:00 a.m.
Room 3
Decorator Storage
7:00 a.m.
Room 4/5
Security Bureau Inc.
7:00 a.m.
Room 8
Will Call Office
7:00 a.m.
Room 9
Will Call Lounge
7:00 a.m.
Room 10/11
D.C. Fire & Police
7:00 a.m.
Room 16
Service America/NBSE
7:00 a.m.
Room 17
WHCA
7:00 a.m.
Room 32/33,34
TPD Storage
7:00 a.m.
Room 35
Volunteers Lounge
Page 4
12 Noon
Lobbies 1 & 2
Panoramic Photo Sets Photo
Stations
1:00 p.m. - 8:00 p.m.
Lobby 2 Alcove
Will Call Opens
5:00 p.m.
Hall A NW Tower SMO
Status Meeting/All Vendors
6:00 p.m.
Building Wide
Chairman's Walk-Thru &
Full Rehearsal
7:30 pm.
Hall A
Volunteer Briefing & Walk Thru
Time TBD
Halls A& B
WCC Chain
Tuesday, April 28, 1992
7:00 a.m.
Halls A & B
WCC Unchain
7:00 a.m.
Hall NW Tower
SMO Open
7:00 a.m.
Lobby 5
WCC Human Resources Vacate
for White House Setup
7:00 a.m.
Hall A
All Vendors Complete Final
Touch Up Work
7:00 a.m.
Room 1/2
Press Room
7:00 a.m.
Room 3
Decorator Storage/Marge
Calhoun Storage
7:00 a.m.
Room 4/5
Security Bureau Inc.
7:00 a.m.
Room 8
Will Call Office
7:00 a.m.
Room 10/11
D.C. Fire & Police
7:00 .am.
Room 16
Service America/NBSE
7:00 a.m.
Room 17
WHCA
7:00 a.m.
Room 19
Photographers Lounge
7:00 a.m.
Room 32/33
TPD Storage
7:00 a.m.
Room 35
Volunteer Lounge
7:00 a.m.
Room 36
Capitol Band
7:00 a.m.
Room 37
Secret Service
9:30 a.m.
Hall B
B&B Refrigerated Trucks (3)
Arrive
10:00 a.m. - 8:30 p.m. Lobby 2 Alcove
Will Call Open
12 Noon
Lobby 2
Marge Calhoun Band (Post
Reception) Drops Off Instruments
Page 5
2:00 p.m.
Multiple Locations
Secret Service Place
Magnetometers
2:30 p.m.
Hall A
Panoramic Photo Takes Photo
3:00 p.m. - 5:00 p.m
Building Wide
Secret Service Sweep
5:30 p.m.
Hall A
Laser Show Rehearsal
6:00 p.m.
Hall A
Panoramic Photo
6:00 p.m.
Hall A
Waiters, Volunteers, All Pertinent
Personnel To Be In Place
6:00 p.m. - 10:00 p.m.
Hall A
Dedicated Electrician & Engineer
6:00 p.m.
Lobbies 1 & 2
Pre-Dinner Reception
Time TBD
Escalators 3-6
Keyed on UP
7:00 p.m.
Hall A Lobby 3 Doors
Doors Open
8:00 p.m. - 9:45 p.m.
Lobbies 1 & 2
Hargrove/B&B/Marge Calhoun
Setup for
Post Dinner Reception
10:00 p.m. - 12 Midnite Lobbies 1 & 2
Post Dinner Reception
10:30 pm.
Halls A & B
Move-Out Begins
Wednesday, April 29, 1992
12:01 a.m. - TBD
All Leased Space
Move-Out Continues
Time TBD
All Leased Space
Move-Out Complete
Page 6
SPECIAL NOTES
1. Client Contacts
The President's Dinner: Tel: 202/659-1771
Jim Baker
Frances Hooper
Jill Slansky
Amy Englander
2. Service Contractors
Hargrove
Chris Hargrove
301/459-1400
B&B Caterers
Steve Werlinich
202/829-8640
General Audio Video
Ed Nawracaj
708/887-9787
Future View
Michael Seaman
202/882-7400
Lighting by Lyttle
Robin Lyttle
301/270-2828
IPS (Flowers)
Connie Mauldin
202/582-1234,x4840
Secuity Bureau Inc
Michael Koltz
301/585-4081
Panoramic Visions
Abbas Shirmohammadi
703/648-0957
Entertainment
Artist Services Inc.
Ed Yoe
202/393-3616
Audio Visual Imagineering
Doug McCullough
703/569-7646
Ray Bloch Productions
Bill Burdette
202/347-7469
3, The following rooms/areas will be utilized for this event:
Hall A NW Tower SMO
The President's Dinner Committee Office
Hall A NE Tower
Secret Service & WHCA
Hall A SW Tower
Band Dressing Room
Hall B
Caterer & Florist Prep Area
Hall D
Secret Service, WCC & Hargrove Storage
Room 1/2
Press Room
Room 3
Decorator Storage/Marge Calhoun Band
Room 4/5
Security Bureau Inc.
Room 7
B&B Catering Reception Prep Area
Room 8
Will Call Office
Room 9
Will Call Lounge
Room 10/11/12
D.C. Fire & Police
Room 16
Service America/NBSE
Room 17
WHCA
Room 19
Photographers Lounge
Room 30
WCC Storage
Room 31
Pre-Event/White House Walk Thru Meeting
Room 32/33, 34
The President's Dinner Storage
Room 35
Volunteers Lounge
Room 36
Capitol Band
Room 37
Secret Service
4. ATTENTION SECURITY
A. Secret Service Contact: Bob Schulian
B. No Parking in the Overhang after 3:00 p.m. on Tuesday, April 28.
C. Please provide AE with Parking Passes by COB, Tuesday, April 21.
Page 7
D. Please provide two keys for room 4/5 and three (3) keys each for rooms
32/33, 34, 35. Also, the combinations for Hall A Tower Offices (All) and keys for the
inner offices in Hall A NW Tower by COB, Tuesday, April 21.
E. Decorator Furniture will be delivered on Tuesday, April 21.
F. Please coordinate with AE regarding arrangements for Will Call Parking on
Monday, April 27 and Tuesday, April 28, hours as listed in the Event Memo.
G. NOTE: PLEASE NOTIFY THE SHOW MANAGER'S OFFICE, HALL A,
NW TOWER, EXT 5001, IMMEDIATELY FOR ANY DELIVERIES FOR THIS
EVENT THAT MAY ARRIVE AT SECURITY BASE. IF NO ANSWER CONTACT
AE BY RADIO AND AE WILL NOTIFY SHOW MANAGEMENT TO ARRANGE
ACCEPTANCE OF DELIVERY.
H. Please coordinate with AE as to nightly chaining of Hall A and/or B.
5. ATTENTION BUILDING SERVICES
A. Please move the shoeshine from Lobby 1 NLT Tuesday, April 21.
B. Please be sure that Lobby 5 and Lobby 5 restroom, and the Hall A NW
corner restrooms are clean and ready for use NLT 8:00 a.m. Wednesday, April 22.
C. Please ensure that the Hall A NW Tower Office is cleaned and ready to
occupy NLT, 12 Noon, Tuesday, April 21. Please ensure that the NE and SW Tower
offices in Hall A are cleaned and ready to occupy NLT COB, Friday, April 24.
D. Room drawings will be provided by COB, Friday, April 17.
6. ATTENTION ELECTRICAL
A. Please note lighting check and rehearsal times as listed in the Event Memo.
B. Please note arrival day/timefor B&B refrigerated trucks as electrical hookup
will be necessary,
C. Please proved a dedicated electrician to assist during the move-in and the
day of the event.
7. ATTENTION ENGINEERING
A. Please note the times listed for installation, and rehearsals, for Laser
Equipment. Plumber/engineers will be required for water hookups/monitoring.
Information regarding laser equipment/personnel requirements has been forwarded.
B. Please note times in the Event Memo for lighting checks/ "dark times" in both
Halls A & B.
8. ATTENTION TELECOMMUNICATIONS
A. Advance telephone numbers for Committee Offices and Will Call have been
received. Thank You.
9. ATTENTION HUMAN RESOURCES
A. It is anticipated that the White House Advance Communications and Secret
Service again will require use of the Human Resources Area beginning at 7:00 a.m.,
Tuesday, April 22. As soon as AE receives definite information it will be provided to
you.
Page 8
10. ATTENTION SERVICE AMERICA/NBSE
A. Please coordinate with AE any food service requirements/arrangements for
volunteers.
B. Please keep AE advised of any arrangement regarding use of the Cafeteria
area(s) for the pre and post dinner receptions.
11. ATTENTION ALL DEPARTMENTS
Thank you in advance for your assistance, cooperation and patience!
Page 9
GEORGE BUSH
THE PRESIDENTS DINNER
X-RAYED,
Ms. Jeanie Bunton
Room 111 1/2
Old Exceutive Office Building
Washington, D.C.
Photo Copy Preservation
92 APR22 P 4 : 58 P4:58
RED-DOT
1101 17th Street, N.W., Suite 808
Washington, D.C. 20036
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
April 28, 1992
REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT
AT PRESIDENT'S DINNER
Washington Convention Center
Washington, DC
7:52 P.M. EDT
THE PRESIDENT: Thank you all very much. Thank you,
Guy; and thank you, Howard Baker. And that all of you that made this
dinner such a success. Thank you very, very much. (Applause.)
Let me just say that that is good news. And I'm very
grateful to so many for this victory. And it's wonderful to be
officially over the top. But I want to start by thanking both Dan
Quayle and Marilyn, who have done such a wonderful job out on the
campaign trail. (Applause.) And next, I thank all of those who have
helped in so many ways, volunteering their time, their efforts. And
Barbara and I want to thank you and all those across the country who
participated in this primary process to make these 1,105 delegates
possible. Thank you all very much wherever you may be. (Applause.)
And I know to all it seems, the way it does to Barbara
and me, this has been a long election process and we're only halfway
through the journey, halfway to the goal. But there's some things I
want to say. First, I have learned a lot in this campaign. And I
know better than I did the depth of the cares and concerns of those
who chose to support us and of those who didn't. And lately I've
been thinking of what we have in common, all of us who took part on
the Republican side in this contest.
We all believe in America called America. We all
believe the family is at the center of society and should be at the
center of our thoughts as we make, in Washington, decisions that
affect it. And the fact is, parties, like people, have tendencies.
And we Republicans have believed in and protected some very important
things.
We believe that government has a place, but it also has
limits on what it can and should do. Government can't solve
everything. In fact, you always have to make sure government doesn't
start problems. And we believe taxes should be small, not big. And
we believe those who pay them have rights. And those who benefit
from them have responsibilities.
And we believe that whatever the circumstances -- Cold
War, hot war, relative calm, or a new age of peace and freedom --
whatever the hand history deals you, there is one key to at safer,
more peaceful world. And that is an American defense structure
second to none. (Applause.)
History has taught us that lesson. And Republicans
always remember. We believe in common sense. When something's
broke, you fix it. And tonight, so many of you came here to help me
put an end to the obstruction and abuses of the Democratic majority
in the Congress of the United States. (Applause.)
- 2 -
When Ronald Reagan had a Republican majority in the
Senate, led by Howard Baker, our great Chairman, he made Reaganism a
policy. He got a lot of his programs through. And my administration
has put forth good ideas. We have a great Cabinet, new solutions.
And then we've seen them killed by the Democratic majority up there
on "Heartbreak Hill"; or worse, has seen a Democratic leadership that
refuses to let the Congress even vote on the ideas that the voters
back in 1988 overwhelmingly endorsed.
And you know, the other day someone asked me how I could
be for change. And I said, look, let me put it this way. I'm not
out here trying to assign blame. We're all in this together. We
must work together. But I told him change the Congress and I will
get the job done. It is that clear. We need a majority of
Republicans in the House and the Senate. (Applause.)
And that is one important thing that this election year
is all about. And as I survey the scene and listen to the American
people, this could well be the year -- it really could well be the
year we get control of both Houses of Congress. (Applause.)
And finally, we Republicans believe in the old wisdom,
the enduring values, the enduring social values that we live by as we
build a great nation religious faith, honesty, personal
responsibility, hard work, and merit. Styles come and go, fads and
fashions fade, but the old enduring values never go out of style. I
really believe that. And I believe that a President with the right
ideas, the right intentions, the right beliefs, can get them through
the right kind of Congress. We're here tonight because we agree on
the big issues, on the issues that shape the world and on the values
close to home.
As President, I have made it my mission to preserve and
protect three legacies close to all our hearts: A world at peace.
And we have a great record to take to the American people on this.
(Applause.) An economy with good jobs, real opportunity for all
Americans. And things are looking much better for the economy now.
(Applause.) And we must preserve a nation of strong families,
communities where every child has someone he can count on, someone
who calls him by his name. I am very proud of Barbara Bush and of
her loving concern for the children of this country. (Applause.)
History has taken a turn in the past few years and given
us a wonderful opportunity. And if we apply our good beliefs, our
sensible, heartfelt beliefs to this great opportunity, then we can
say that we will make a contribution to our country, a contribution
to our children's lives, and a contribution to history. The stakes
are just that high.
And one more thing. I intend to win this thing. And I
intend to win it, and with your help we will win it big come
November. (Applause.)
Thank you all. And may God bless the United States of
America. (Applause.)
END
8:00 P.M. EDT