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ANPA [American Newspaper Publishers Association] 5/6/92 [OA 7573] [2]
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323154049
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ANPA [American Newspaper Publishers Association] 5/6/92 [OA 7573] [2]
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Records of the White House Office of Speechwriting (George H. W. Bush Administration)
Speech Backup Chronological Files
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S
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MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
Library Staff.
Record Group/Collection:
George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
Collection/Office of Origin:
Speechwriting, White House Office of
Series:
Speech File Backup Files
Subseries:
Chron File, 1989-1993
OA/ID Number:
13812
Folder ID Number:
13812-008
Folder Title:
ANPA [American Newspaper Publishers Association] 5/6/92 [OA 7573] [2]
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26
22
5
2
Bunton
4/30/92
Draft One
[ANPA]
Presidential Remarks:
ANPA Teleconference
Wednesday, May 6, 1992
1:45 P.M.
ANPA
Thank you for that warm welcome. Thank you Bob Robert
Cathleen Black Co, sme President.
Erburu, ANPA Chairman] for those kind words. I'd like to
swhottable the govel strothy.)
congratulate your incoming chairman -- Frank Bennack. It's good
to be here with all of you again -- this time via SatCom 6.
Wewspapers stat are read by éveryone around here at the White
reads newspapers
House dont 70 papers a day -- make that 71, Millie's subscription
to the Wall Street Journal starts next week. ]]
Our world has changed dramatically since I spoke to you
three years ago. Think of the front page stories -- Imperial
buck vhi chicago. your
Communism died. Eighteen new nations were born. Terry Anderson
came home. XX A Spungs spaniel almost became a millionaire.
family pet
This time of great change is more important than ever that
Your Posts Chronickes, and Gazutes
you bring the world to our doorstep. every and day. the internationel page
Power
Change V. status quo
is Mo longer foreign.
Legacies:
As President, I have made it my mission to preserve and
precious
1
protect three legacies close to our all our hearts: A world at
m
peace. An economy with good jobs -- real opportunity for all
Americans. 2 A nation of strong families -- sturdy values of
character.
"aboue the fold"
jobs
Never's another story that belongs on the front page White
Honge
Fouth
"Challenging conventional pastime. wisdom is an Amexan
know
formant thinking
Trade: "Challenging Conventional Wisdom"
challenges of a new world
new century ahead
age of economic competition
advance America's economic interests, meet the competitive a
pulitzer for trade
your business
tied to trade
influenced by the world beyond our readership
The new reality of our new world economy is this simple: to
succeed economically at home, we must lead economically abroad.
four-color, new masthead
broadsheet
scanners, computer page assembly
spot-color to full-color
competitve advantage
trade / [exports] is moving our nation forward. The American
people expect results.
Thank you. Now I'll take a couple of questions.
for the opportunity to Participate in you commention.
beapart your 106M
JBM
(1)
Thank you all for that warm welcome. Thank you
Bob for those kind wouls. Cathleen Black, ANPA
CED and President. I'd like to Bongratulate your incoming
chairman Granh Bennach who takes the govel shorting to
grou to be here with all of you again - this time via Sutcomb.
2
[[ Newspapers are read dislerent by eveyone around here at
The khite House Nan about 70 papers a day make that 71, Skillie's
subscription to the Street journal starts ment week. JJ
4
Our wond has changed dramatically since & spoke to
you then years ago back in Chicago. think to your front
page stones Imperial communism died. Eighteen new
Mations were born. screy anduson came home. [a family pet
almost became a mullionare ]
Henry Ruce, who became a journest to come as close as
3
gossible to the heart of the would, would be provid of this information
They and international page is no longu foreign to us.
to doolstep. The power of the minted would bing the
industry one form Thats, chrinches, Redgus must and Guzgetes bring the us would
familints
Heris another story that belongs "above the fold !!: trade economy
in He mew world means
5
americans and are going to work and strying at work because american our
saal
groducts goods in services mon are selling abroad. from fiber oftice in staty
to fast food to China, more people are brijing American
economically at
abroad. Economic Anceds at home; mean ronome any leadership
were Jot to lead
storch -over, In every billion dollars 4A many actual exports we -
many.
20,000 jobs are created. That's good news to Illinois about
410,000 hade in related jobs; 2/yomng 380,000 jobs, 196,000 hi obsconsin;
competitive than a decarde ago- labor more produtive. It's no
170,000 Minusta. aminias manufacts exports are more
wonder the ixports shot up seven perspent in Feb. to a one month record
high of rearly $ 38 bulion. In
Jean Marie Bunton
Post Office Box 131
Bluffton
South Carolina
29910
2 10335
__ANPA
American Newspaper Publishers Association
December 3, 1991
The Honorable George Bush
President of the United States
The White House
Washington, D. C. 20500
Dear Mr. President
Next May the American Newspaper Publishers Association (ANPA) will hold its
106th Annual Convention at the Waldorf-Astoria in New York City. This is the major
newspaper event of the year at which some 2,000 publishers, chief executives and
editors gather to discuss matters of interest to the newspaper business. We fondly recall
your most recent appearance before this group, at The Associated Press luncheon
during our 1989 Convention in Chicago.
ANPA is an international trade association serving 1,350 member newspapers,
mostly U.S. dailies, although membership includes non-dailies and newspapers
published in Canada and elsewhere in the Western Hemisphere, Europe and the Pacific.
ANPA-member newspapers publish 90 percent of the total daily U.S. circulation and
more than 80 percent of the daily circulation in Canada.
We would very much hope that your schedule would permit you to address our
group. The program offers several opportunities, including a luncheon hosted by The
Associated Press on Monday, May 4, luncheons hosted by ANPA on Tuesday and
Wednesday, May 5 and 6 and a special session to be held in the United Nations General
Assembly, late Tuesday afternoon, May 5.
Cathleen Black, ANPA's chief executive officer and president, will be in touch with
your office with additional details.
Respectfully,
Robert 7. Enburn
TrankBennackJ.
Robert F. Erburu
Frank A. Bennack Jr.
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
President and Chief Exectuive Officer
The Times Mirror Company
The Hearst Corporation
Chairman, American Newspaper
Chairman, ANPA Convention
Publishers Association
Arrangements Committee
William J. Keating
William J. Keating
Chairman and Publisher
The Cincinnati Enquirer
Chairman, The Associated Press
Mailing Address: Box 17407 Dulles International Airport, Washington, D. C. 20041
Offices: The Newspaper Center, 11600 Sunrise Valley Dr., Reston, Va. 22091
(703) 648-1007 FAX (703) 620-1000
THE WHITE HOUSE
EXECUTIVE OFF WASHINGTON THE PRESIDENT
27-Apr-1992 06:03pm
TO:
Daniel B. McGroarty
FROM:
Jean M. Bunton
Office of Communications
SUBJECT: Thoughts on NANP Teleconference
RANDOM IDEAS FOR NEWSPAPER PUBLISHERS TCON
Number of newspapers delivered to/read by White House daily
Ideas/reforms/revolutions which have transformed the newspaper
industry - point to drive at: what if newspaper leaderhip was
status quo - would we still be reading on stone tablets instead of
10 pound press? We'd still be looking at black and white instead
of full color graphics and what will we be left with under the
a
leadership of a status quo congress.
Computerization is one example of a transforming idea for
newspapers desktop publishing, flip of a switch stuff and a
whole page appears - for layout and design
Reforming/streamling the newspaper [USA TODAY started a trend that
other papers were forced to follow colorgraphics, shorter
stories, pie charts, illustrations] -- did that increase
readership, circulation, subscritptions, ad space increase?
You bring the world to our doorstep every day [global
village]
Cover education on the business page export line Arm FILL
read about on bis./international page
The headline stories of the past year
Today's headlines are tomorrow's historical citations
the community
If I can run a good newspaper that is my greatest contribution to)
Literacy -- a literate America can read about itself in the news;
Reading stories in print seeing things in print gives them a
new reality
Key buzz words/industry jargon:
Above the fold
Op ed page
Column inches
Ads go down first when laying out a newspaper -- the room that is
left over is where the stories go -- what goes in is determined by
timeliness, scope, space is there an example of government that
fits this description or can be anecdotal? [Does Congress plan X
only saving the important stuff important to the funciton of
government/ the Administration/to the American public] for "what
is leftover?" the budget maybe?
stories written in an inverted triangle -- from most important to
least. Is that how we make budget appropriations
?
Note: Paul Luthringer is the project officer for this one - in
Media Affairs. Unfortunately he was not in when I went to get the
preliminary paper work on the event.
JB
JBM
unwersal Medium
transforming instuena
compantermation 01 print Brd revolution in communication
"Goodbne Contenberg"
Impact
transition
information industry
Printed word has changed the world like Trade is changing the wald economy
"Pons, HERALDS, GAZETTES, CHRONICLES, LEDGERS"
1991 exported over $ 420 billion in goods a lot of evenything Maine usne Brown
we ave an exporting / trading nation
econ
trady piports here for good - key part of our economy and its grown, fust
3583
great story American exprits
transforming the American economy
good jobs seqúe to trade
Jean Marie Bunton
Post Office Box 131
Bluffton
South Carolina
29910
JBM
- 20,000 join 4 every Bulin in expots
tobs $ Ter live new markets new buyers remove
standards for all americans trade barriers
the foreign. international Page is no longer
from Aniotype to Linotronic
J"agood menspaper is a nation talking to itself"
arther Miller
["NO date on the calendor is as important as tomorrow,"
Roy W. Howard
"I to became the heart a journalist to come as close as possible
of the woud." "
Henry R. Luce
ILLINOIS
OHIO
472,000 410,000 trade related jobs (est.)
MICHIGAN
400,000
MINNESOTA
170,000
WISCONSIN
196,000
confident country
ARRONA
119,000
WYOMING
380,000
us. is world's larget exporter
trade
brightest spot on econ. front
3 yrs. of improvement
Trade in grous $ surces
cutting edge products - film Artics in Beijing
"haven't reached our export potenting yet
ching
Jean Marie Bunton
Post Office Box 131
Bluffton
South Carolina
29910
Bunton
4/30/92
Draft One
[ANPA]
Presidential Remarks:
ANPA Teleconference
1:45 P.M.
Wednesday, May 6, 1992
Thank you XXXX for those kind words. It's good to be here
with you today via Sat Com 6.
front paye stories
[radio address
Change V. status quo
entwhen ma]
speech @
reform agenda ) no
elainer Brown 3583
good John sepm true put.
girat 3mg am exports
$ 422 burin
1991 exported
transform Am com
a lot of everythings
in goods
Andy spect to you pm .org.
trade stat
input of trade
injot ftrasts mation
bT Spt econ
expend And 4am. goods
world our
international Jayi
trade is here for
geographi not water
govel lays put
from economy
[ Illinois exports]
from the sheet]
your fort
biggest H's
trud ant
we an an
Mid Western states do quite L
w Illinois
Indiana
are exports her
= Michigan
print 4 1pml 6
for
1
Administration of George Bush, 1989
we will find out why, the circumstances of
throughout your lives you must never
the nr
the tragedy. But in a larger sense, there will
forget, your father was America's pride.
never be answers to the questions that
Your mothers and grandmothers, aunts and
4
haunt us. We will not-cannot, as long as
uncles are entrusted with the memory of
we live-know why God has called them
this day. In the years to come, they must
home. But one thing we can be sure-this
pass along to you the legacy of the men
world is a more peaceful place because of
behind the guns. And to all who mourn a
the U.S.S. Iowa. The Iowa was recommis-
son, a brother, a husband, a father, a friend,
sioned and her crew trained to preserve the
I can only offer you the gratitude of a
peace. So, never forget that your friends
nation-for your loved one served his coun-
died for the cause of peace and freedom.
try with distinction and honor. I hope that
the sympathy and appreciation of all the
To the Navy community, remember that
American people provide some comfort.
you have the admiration of America for
The true comfort comes from prayer and
sharing the burden of grief as a family, es-
faith.
pecially the Navy wives, who suffer most
And your men are under a different com-
the hardships of separation. You've always
mand now, one that knows no rank, only
been strong for the sake of love. You must
love, knows no danger, only peace. May
be heroically strong now, but you will find
God bless them all.
that love endures. It endures in the linger-
ing memory of time together, in the em-
Note: The President spoke at 9:23 a.m. in
brace of a friend, in the bright, questioning
Hangar LP-2 at the Norfolk Naval Air Sta-
eyes of a child.
tion. Following his remarks, the President
And as for the children of the lost,
traveled to Chicago, IL.
Remarks at the Associated Press Business Luncheon in Chicago,
May 4th
Illinois
on
speaking
April 24, 1989
Thank you all for that warm welcome.
Anderson, because in a meeting just now,
And my friend, Bill Keating-friend from
the greeting by Lou and Bill Keating, they
Congress days-thank you for that most
brought up with me, once again, with this
generous introduction. I also want to thank
sense of urgency that all in the Associated
your able-I don't know whether I should
Press feel about Terry Anderson-the ques-
say leaders or deputies of the Associated
tion of the hostages [in Lebanon].
Press. Lou Boccardi, sitting over here, and
And I just want to say, without being able
Jim Tomlinson-and thank them and you
to give you any good news, that we are
for including me in this AP luncheon, given
concerned; we will follow every intelligence
at the time of the Newspaper Publishers
lead; we will go the extra mile to do what
Association meeting. And I also want to say
we can. And I vowed when I came into the
din
how pleased I am to be with you once
Presidency not to talk about the burden of
again.
the Presidency, the loneliness of the job or
I've just come from Norfolk, a very
the great toughness that nobody under-
moving ceremony paying tribute to the 47
stands. I learned that from my immediate
young men that died in the turret aboard
predecessor-8 years and I never once
Iowa-and it was indeed moving. And it
heard a call for sympathy or a call for un-
made me once again realize how precious
derstanding along those lines. But I will say
human life is and how sometimes you can't
that when you do take that oath of office
control things the way you'd like. And that
you do feel perhaps a disproportionate con-
leads me to just say a word about Terry
cern for a fallen sailor or an individual held
computerigation of print
printel would
impact Good bine Gutenberg
changed the
third revolution in
world 465 like
communication
transition
trade is change
transforming influence
information industry
the would used.
Apr. 24 / Administration of George Bush, 1989
hostage against his or her will anywhere in
ing testimony to the solid foundation laid by
the world. And so, we will continue to keep
Washington.
this question of these hostages on the front
And I find myself thinking a lot of Teddy
burner.
Roosevelt-his limitless energy; his mental,
I know the news business is a serious and
moral, and physical toughness. I want the
sometimes extraordinarily dangerous busi-
record to show it's not just that he was an
ness. Mark Twain liked to recall that Napo-
elitist, like me. [Laughter] I think of his
leon once shot at a magazine editor. He
dedication to serve his nation, a dedication
missed him, but he killed a publisher.
instilled in earliest childhood, this sense of
[Laughter] Twain says: "It seems his aim
service, and then, I guess most of all, his
was bad, but his intentions were good."
love of nature, passion for reform and pres-
[Laughter]
ervation.
You all know Jefferson's tribute to the
I think of Harry Truman, a man who
importance of the press: "Were it left for
spoke his mind, a practical problemsolver, a
me to decide whether we should have a
fighter who never gave up. And I learned
government without newspapers or news-
that one the hard way, because I'm old
papers without a government, I should not
enough to have bet 10 bucks on Tom
hesitate a moment to prefer the latter."
Dewey back in 1948.
And now, despite the fact that there are
And there's Ike, Dwight Eisenhower,
days when I think that all we really need is
hero to a generation, a man who, once he
a sports page-[laughter]-both of us, gov-
became President, didn't appear to seek the
ernment and the news media, need one an-
spotlight. He understood the value of quiet,
other; we owe each other a measure of re-
steady leadership and led this nation
spect, honesty, and integrity equal to the
through a decade of growth and progress
work we're engaged in.
It's been a little over 3 months since I
and prosperity.
took the oath of office, and I am pleased
And of course, I do think of the man that
with the progress that we've made in a
I served for 8 years, Ronald Reagan-his
short time. And I'll say more about that
commitment. People wondered: What was
shortly, but before I do, I'd just like to share
it? Why was he successful? It was his com-
with you some impressions of the past 3
mitment to a handful of principles, a com-
months.
mitment to his beliefs, plus his great faith in
People often ask me, understandably,
the American people and then this unshaka-
what's it like-how the Presidency com-
ble optimism that he brought to the job.
pares to the expectations you bring to it. I
The opportunities open to us today, to my
can sum up the thing that's made the deep-
administration today, were made possible
est impression on me so far, in one word,
by the peace and prosperity that Ronald
and it's history, a sense of history all around
Reagan left as his legacy.
you. And you can't live in the White House
We used to hear a lot about the Presiden-
and you can't sit at the desk in the Oval
cy being too big for one man. Indeed, a
Office, or upstairs in the office that I have
very distinguished Washington lawyer
now right next to the Lincoln Bedroom,
wrote just at the end of the Carter Presi-
without constantly experiencing the history
dency, just as President Reagan was coming
of the place, without thinking of the Presi-
in-there was talk, because of the frustra-
dents we all know, but perhaps in a differ-
tion abounding, that what we might need is
ent light.
a parliamentary system. That talk stopped
And I think of Washington, working to
when Ronald Reagan became President.
define the Presidency, to mix power and
Different men, different methods, different
restraint in a way that created a Chief Ex-
circumstances-proof, as I see it, that the
ecutive consistent with democratic govern-
Presidency is ample enough to accommo-
ment. This Sunday I'm going to go up to
date the strengths and styles of our nation's
New York to join in the ceremonies mark-
rich political history.
ing the 200th anniversary of Washington's
In the past 3 months, these thoughts have
swearing in. Each of those 200 years is last-
framed my own approach in dealing with
466
Administration of George Bush, 1989 / Apr. 24
the pressing problems that confront us-
demonstrates the value of tough, principled
some of them decades in the making-and
negotiations between this administration
in working to put the United States on a
and the Congress.
steady course for the decade ahead and the
The bipartisan budget agreement that we
new century beyond it. I do not feel com-
worked out 10 days ago is a key example.
pelled or pressed because of a column here
That agreement-ahead of schedule, on
or a column there to reach out for some-
target with Gramm-Rudman, and with my
thing dramatic. The first step in every initi-
"no new taxes" pledge intact-is a strong
ative that I've undertaken is to square our
first step towards dealing with the deficit
action with enduring American principles.
problem and keeping our economy-76
Whatever the problem, we can count on
straight months of expanding, uninterrupt-
public support so long as our policy and
ed growth-on track. Difficult decisions lie
principles share a common root.
ahead. I'm well aware of that, but the im-
And these principles are: freedom for in-
portant first step, an important agreement,
dividuals, for nations-self-determination
has been reached.
and democracy; fairness-equal standards,
And of course, there's the accord we
equal opportunity-a chance for each of us
reached on Central America. The people of
to achieve and make our way on our own
Nicaragua-like their neighbors in the
merits; strength-in international affairs,
region, like people everywhere-deserve to
strength our allies can count on and our
adversaries must respect-and at home,
live in peace, with freedom. The United
strength and a sense of self-confidence in
States is now speaking with one voice and
carrying forward our nation's work; excel-
standing behind a plan that will put the
lence-the underlying goal in the collective
Sandinistas to the test. And this unity has
efforts that we undertake, and accountabil-
encouraged leaders like President Oscar
ity for the work we do; and in the workings
Arias of Costa Rica to support-strongly
of government, a firm sense of the responsi-
support-the U.S. policy. And the support
bilities and powers of government and the
of the leaders in that area, in Central Amer-
private sector that lies beyond its limits.
ica, those democratic leaders surrounding
My starting point has been a respect for
Nicaragua, is vital if we're to succeed.
American institutions-for Congress, for the
And in 3 short months, we've made a
dedicated civil servants in the executive
good start coming to grips with issues de-
branch, for State and local governments, for
manding urgent attention and decisive
the concept of public service-and a firm
action, and we've taken that action.
belief in the constitutional powers of the
Action to stabilize the troubled savings
Presidency. Each has its role; each can be
and loan system-the reform plan that I
enlisted in the work at hand. The emphasis
sent to Congress will restore stability and
is on cooperation, not confrontation, as the
put the savings and loan system back on its
surest route to progress.
feet in sound fiscal order. My plan guaran-
I've read- more than a few news stories
tees that depositors will be fully protect-
before and after the election-you can re-
ed-they are today, and they will be in the
member them-said that the new President
future. The S&L system must be reformed
and the Congress could not possibly work
so that the questionable practices and out-
together after a bitter campaign that made
right illegalities that caused the crisis will
cooperation impossible. I didn't believe that
not happen again. And those S&L officials
then, and I think we're proving it wrong
found guilty of criminal actions will be pun-
now. When I took office, I told the Con-
ished for the losses that they have caused.
gress that the American people hadn't sent
Last week the Senate passed my plan by 91
us to Washington to bicker. They sent us to
to 8, and I urge the House to act promptly
govern, to work together to solve the
and pass this S&L reform bill with its cen-
urgent problems that confront us, and to
tral provisions intact.
shape the long-term strategies to ensure
Action to strengthen ethics in govern-
peace and prosperity in the future. I think
ment-the ethics reforms that I've sent to
the work we've done these past 3 months
Capitol Hill this month will uphold honesty
467
Apr. 24 / Administration of George Bush, 1989
and integrity in government service, and
Preparing for the kinder, gentler future
they will apply an evenhanded ethics stand-
I've spoken of means helping Americans
ard across all branches of government.
cope with the changing nature of society,
Action in the war on drugs, where we're
helping fundamental institutions like the
advancing on all fronts-education, treat-
family remain strong and prosper. We have
ment, interdiction, and tougher law en-
big differences. We talk now about child
forcement-the antidrug effort, even in
care. I want the family to remain strong,
these tight budget times, will receive
and that's the guiding aim of my child-care
almost $1 billion in additional funding in
initiatives: a tax credit proposal designed to
1990, a 21-percent increase in the outlays
expand the options of low-income families,
over what we'll spend in 1989. We've im-
keeping the ultimate choice of who will
posed a temporary ban on the import of
care for the children in their hands: One of
certain semiautomatic rifles, weapons all too
my greatest concerns as President of the
often used in drug-related killings. And
United States is the diminution, the deni-
we're tackling the drug epidemic in the
gration in some ways of the family struc-
District of Columbia, a test case for a. full
ture. We in government must see that ev-
range of innovative antidrug measures.
erything we do is aimed at strengthening,
Of course, dealing with problems that
not weakening, the families.
demand immediate attention is only part of
Preparing for the future has got to mean
the picture. We need to look to the long-
term as well, to focus now on the kind of
protecting our environment. Teddy Roose-
future we want to see for ourselves and our
velt put it best when he said: "I do not
nation. And investing in that future is high
recognize the right to rob, by wasteful use,
on our national agenda.
the generations that come after us." Roose-
First and foremost, that does mean im-
velt spoke those words almost 80 years ago.
proving education. Investing in the rising
And now, a little more than a decade away
generation is long-range planning at its
from the 21st century, safeguarding our en-
best. Our future in this technological age
vironment is a national and international
depends upon the qualities and capabilities
imperative. And we've taken the first im-
of the American worker, and not just the
portant steps. We've urged Congress to
most talented among us but each individual
enact legislation enabling us to ban the
member of the work force. The seven-point
export of hazardous wastes to nations where
program on education reform that I sent to
safe handling of those dangerous substances
Congress early this month will help us
cannot be guaranteed. And in response to
reward excellence, reach out to students
growing concern about global warming, the
most in need, increase choice, and intro-
U.S. will work in concert with other nations
duce a healthy element of competition and
to end the discharge of CFC's [chlorofluoro-
accountability that will promote quality in
carbons] into the atmosphere by the year
our schools.
2000. And in the case of this Alaskan oil
I have no intention of shifting the empha-
spill, we've taken steps to ensure a Federal
sis to Washington, away from the localities,
role that is strong-a Federal role in over-
away from the States, away from the diver-
sight of the cleanup effort and to explore
sity that is one of the hallmarks of our edu-
ways to prevent such spills in the future or
cational system. But I do want to use the
to react more promptly if they should
White House as a bully pulpit to encourage
occur.
excellence in every way and to encourage
And finally, we've launched an initiative
the private sector in every way. And I
to strengthen the international strategy on
would say to you publishers here: I salute
Third World debt, which has already re-
those of you who have already taken up the
ceived broad international support from
cause of education-be it literacy or drop-
both the industrialized and the developing
out rates or whatever it is-you can do the
countries. We've set our course with this
Lord's work in no better way. The seven-
policy, and now I want to see this Third
point program is going to help us reward
World debt a success on a case-by-case
excellence, and you can do an awful lot as
basis. I want to see us successful as we nego-
well.
tiate with Mexico, with Venezuela, and with
468
Administration of George Bush, 1989 / Apr. 24
other countries as well.
initiatives to combat the problem of home-
We've examined and I've made decisions
lessness-all are on the near horizon.
on U.S. strategy for Afghanistan, Poland,
You know, some of my toughest critics
Central America, and other problems and
are not in your line of work. Quite often,
opportunities needing prompt attention.
they're the kids, the children who write to
We have moved there. Within a few weeks,
me at the White House. I want to share
nearly all of the far-reaching and systematic
with you a letter from a young seventh-
defense and foreign policy reviews will be
grader from Torrance, California. He wrote
complete. And I've already made some de-
asking me to take action on pollution, toxic
cisions. Others, including arms control, will
waste, smog, littering-and a very detailed
be forthcoming soon.
list, if you will, of environmental concerns.
We're mapping strategies for a period of
And he says in his letter: "I'm not saying
remarkable change in international affairs,
you're doing a bad job, but could you put a
change more wide-ranging and rapid than
little more effort into it?" [Laughter] That
at any time in the postwar period. While
letter was written on January 20, 1989-
we will lead, we also intend to consult and
Inauguration Day. [Laughter] And I have
listen to our friends abroad and to consult
no way-maybe I ought to check on it as
and work with-listen to the United States
we go to California-I don't know whether
Congress. I've met with the leaders of 34
I've satisfied that guy or not. But I can say,
nations, renewing my acquaintance with
I got his message. And as I said before, I'm
many of them, establishing a working rela-
a practical man; I like what's real. I'm not
tionship with the others. Secretary of State
much for the airy and the abstract, and I
Jim Baker has met once with Foreign Minis-
like what works.
ter Shevardnadze of the Soviet Union. He
And there's a running debate now on
will meet again next month in Moscow to
what it takes to move a nation forward.
continue that dialog. And as with the bipar-
Some will tell you it's ideology that matters.
tisan agreement on Nicaragua, I will work
Some say it's a question of competence.
closely on all international matters with the
And others say that issues are the issue. But
Congress. We have had several meetings
the fact is, what it takes to move a nation
already with the leaders of Congress to dis-
can't be captured in one word. It's a matter
cuss, in a nonstructured way, consultation-
of principles and performance, ideology and
not only the process of consultation but
action on the issues. And this administration
we've begun it on individual areas around
understands that the American people
the globe.
expect all of this and something more: They
Last Monday in Michigan I announced a
expect results.
new policy towards Poland in recognition of
And so, while I'm pleased with what's
the positive changes taking place there.
been done and what we've accomplished in
We'll be watching events in Poland close-
these 3 months, there is a long road ahead
ly-the fate of Solidarność, the follow-
of us. And I am optimistic that our reforms
through on the free elections promised by
will produce lasting results, that the long-
the Polish Government. Freedom is proving
range planning we do today will pay off in
a powerful force in world affairs, a force for
the future, that our consultations with Con-
peace and stability. The United States must
gress will result in progress in domestic and
seize opportunities to strengthen and sup-
international affairs as well. But most of all,
port developments that advance the cause
this nation is ready to move forward to
of freedom, and we will do exactly that.
meet the central challenges that we face:
I think we've made a good start these
keeping America free, prosperous, and at
first 3 months, and there's more to come.
peace-tomorrow and into the century
The completion of our defense and foreign
ahead. Thank you very, very much.
policy reviews in late May, draft legislation
for a new Clean Air Act, a new strategy to
curb the increased use of lethal weapons by
Note: The President spoke at 12:17 p.m. in
drug dealers and other criminals, and new
the Grand Ballroom at the Hyatt Regency
469
Apr. 24 / Administration of George Bush, 1989
Hotel, during the annual conference of the
Boccardi, president and general manager of
American Newspaper Publishers Associa-
Associated Press; and James F. Tomlinson,
tion. In his opening remarks, he referred to
vice president and assistant to the president
William J. Keating, chief executive officer
of Associated Press. Following his remarks,
of the Detroit Newspaper Agency; Louis D.
the President traveled to Bismarck, ND.
Remarks at the Dedication Ceremony for the Centennial Grove in
Bismarck, North Dakota
April 24, 1989
I'm so pleased to be here. Thank you,
now, its seedlings will be a part of North
Tom Kleppe. When Secretary-and I say
Dakota forever.
"Secretary" because North Dakotans know
And just a few years before this State was
that Tom served so well as Secretary of the
carved out of the Dakota territory, a young
Interior-former Congressman, but called
man from New York City set aside a promi-
me about this marvelous project of yours,
nent career in politics to become a North
he's right, I accepted in a hurry. And I'm
Dakota rancher. Having lost his wife and
very grateful to Governor Sinner and all
mother in one single day, he came to these
involved in the preparations for this won-
parts almost insane with grief. No tender-
derful visit. I want to pay my respects not
foot, he worked the range in the harshest
only to Governor and Mrs. Sinner, [former]
weather, always leading and never follow-
Governor Link, Senator Conrad, Congress-
ing. And he wore a sheriff's badge, and he
man Dorgan, and other distinguished lead-
roamed the Badlands to singlehandedly
ers of the North Dakota Legislature. Thank
bring the worst characters to justice. And,
you for inviting me.
in short, Teddy Roosevelt became a man in
It has been a very emotional day for me.
North Dakota; and he became something
I understand that lost on the Iowa was the
else, a guardian of nature. When he went
grandson of a Bismarck family, and if that
back East and back to politics, Teddy Roo-
family didn't attend today's services, I can
sevelt took with him an understanding that
attest firsthand how moving it was and
the seemingly endless resources of the West
what a wonderful job our Navy did in hold-
were threatened by the unfettered exploita-
ing the loved ones close to them, giving
tion of man. As President, Teddy Roosevelt
them comfort that I know all Americans
wrote these words to schoolchildren on
would want given to these families. It was a
Arbor Day, 1907: "A people without chil-
very moving day. And the flags I see at
dren would face a hopeless future; a coun-
half-mast here are appropriate tribute to
try without trees is almost as hopeless."
those young men who lost their lives. I'm
So, let us honor the coming 100th birth-
also proud to see that POW and MIA flag
day of North Dakota and the memory of
flying, Governor, right here at this magnifi-
the Nation's first true environmentalist by
cent State capital, because we must never
dedicating this centennial bur oak along
forget the POW's and the MIA's.
with this White House elm. Before the year
When I accepted your invitation to come
2000, your State will plant 100 million
here, I had no idea that part of the program
trees, almost half as many new trees in one
was to put me to work. "A sapling," they
State as there are Americans in the Union.
said, "all you'll have to do is to plant a
May each tree add to the abundance of the
sapling." No one told me that the sapling is
good life in North Dakota, cleaner air for
about 12 feet tall over there. But I think we
North America. This forestation effort is just
can figure it out. This hardy elm is a de-
one of 600 ambitious centennial projects
scendant of a tree planted on the White
North Dakotans are taking on. You are ful-
House lawn by John Quincy Adams. And
filling the spirit that I call One Thousand
470
Publishers & Management
1 The secret of a successful newspaper is to take one
13 I'd get into a room and disappear into the wood-
story each day and bang the hell out of it. Give the
work. Now the rooms are so crowded with reporters
public what it wants to have and part of what it
getting behind-the-scenes stories that nobody can
ought to have whether it wants it or not.
get behind-the-scenes stories.
Recalled on his death 20 Jun 58
On his method of reporting. recalled on his death 15
2 Don't forget that the only two things people read in
May 86
a story are the first and last sentences. Give them
ALDEN WHITMAN
blood in the eye on the first one.
ib
14 Death, the cliché assures us, is the great leveler; but
it obviously levels some a great deal more than
FREDERICK TAYLOR, Executive Editor, Wall Street Journal
others.
Introduction to The Obituary Book Stein & Day 71
3 It's easier to make a reporter into an economist than
an economist into a reporter.
15 That's what an obit is supposed to be-a picture, a
On the policy of his newspaper, quoted by Stephen
snapshot. It's not a full-length biography, it's not a
Hess Christian Science Monitor 7 May 85
portrait. It's a quick picture.
W 18 Jul 80
PETER UTLEY
WILLIAM WHITWORTH, Editor, Atlantic
4 An obituary should be an exercise in contemporary
history, not a funeral oration.
16 All "little" magazines have the luxury of thinking the
On writing candid obituaries for the London Times, NY
reader is the same person as their editors.
Times 15 Mar 87
Christian Science Monitor 31 Jul 85
5 We never search for scandal, but we use it if it cries
WALTER WINCHELL
out to excess.
17 Today's gossip is tomorrow's headline.
ib
Quoted by Liz Smith Dallas Times-Herald 3 Aug 78
6 You never ring up the potential corpse because, you
know, they'll be greatly upset.
Publishers & Management
ib
ANONYMOUS
AMY VANDERBILT
18 Our professionals miscalculated on every major
7 [I am] a journalist in the field of etiquette. I try to
point. Always their approach was "Give 'em
find out what the most genteel people regularly do,
nothing-and do it retroactively."
what traditions they have discarded, what compro-
Spokesperson for NY Publishers' Assn commenting on
mises they have made.
four-month newspaper strike, quoted in NY Times 1
Newsweek 11 Aug 58
Apr 63
JOHN WALCOTT
FRANK H BARTHOLOMEW, President, United Press
8 You never stop, except occasionally to put a fork in
19 The handout and the spokesman threaten our dili-
your mouth.
gence, our ingenuity, our skepticism, our zeal. For
On breakfast and lunch with government sources as "in-
zealots we must be. Not for a cause. For facts and
formation meals" vital for covering Washington DC, NY
for truth-and all of the truth.
Times 30 Apr 85
Address at University of Washington 21 Feb 58
20 Like the newspapers dependent upon us for news,
THEODORE H WHITE
ours will be a business organization, collecting and
9 It was like walking through a field playing a brass
distributing one of the world's most perishable prod-
tuba the day it rained gold. Everything was sitting
ucts, news.
around waiting to be reported.
Announcing merger of United Press and International
On writing The Making of the President 1960 Atheneum
News Service, NY Times 25 May 58
,
1961, quoted by Timothy Crouse The Boys on the Bus
Random House 72
LORD BEAVERBROOK (William Maxwell Aitken)
10 When that book came out, it was like Columbus tell-
21 I suppose I will go on selling newspapers until at last
ing about America at the court of Ferdinand and Is-
will come the late night final.
abella.
On 75th birthday, news summaries 7 Jun 54
ib
OTTo BETTMANN, Director, Bettmann Archive
11 When a reporter sits down at the typewriter, he's
nobody's friend.
22 He outsells Jesus!
Newsweek 23 Oct 72
On requests for pictures of Sigmund Freud, Time 23
Mar 81
12 For those men who, sooner or later, are lucky
enough to break away from the pack, the most in-
LOREN GHIGLIONE, Publisher, Southbridge MA News
toxicating moment comes when they cease being
23 Ignorance, inertia and indifference are alive and well
bodies in other men's command and find that they
in America's newspapers. Minority still equals in-
control their own time, when they learn their own
feriority in the minds of many American editors and
voice and authority.
publishers.
On becoming a foreign correspondent. In Search of His-
On need for more nonwhites in high-level management
tory: A Personal Adventure Harper & Row 78
positions, NY Times 11 Mar 87
359
PRESS
KATHARINE GRAHAM, Publisher, Washington Post
JAMES A LINEN, Publisher, Time magazine
1 If we had failed to pursue the facts as far as they
11 Moving a magazine is like ordering 100,000 gallons
led, we would have denied the public any knowledge
of alphabet soup, to go. Last week, in Manhattan, it
of an unprecedented scheme of political surveillance
went.
and sabotage.
On move to new headquarters. Time 21 Mar 60
On Watergate coverage, Washington Post 3 Mar 73
HENRY R LUCE
PHILIP L GRAHAM, Publisher, Washington Post
2 I am insatiably curious about the state of our world.
12 To see, and to show, is the mission now undertaken
by Life.
I revel in the recitation of the daily and weekly grist
of journalism.
So let us drudge on about our
Prospectus for Life magazine. quoted in Saturday Eve-
ning Post 16 Jan 65
inescapably impossible task of providing every week
a first rough draft of a history that will never be
13 Publishing is a business, but journalism never was
completed about a world we can never understand.
and is not essentially a business. Nor is it a profes-
Addressing his editors and correspondents. recalled on
sion.
his death 3 Aug 63
Recalled on his death 28 Feb 67
HARRY J GRANT, Publisher, Milwaukee Journal
14 Journalism is the art of collecting varying kinds of
information (commonly called "news") which a few
3 It takes a long time to educate a community and it
people possess and of transmitting it to a much
can't be done by spellbinders, moneybags, hypno-
larger number of people who are supposed to desire
tizers or magicians
or Aladdin's lamp. Charac-
to share it.
ter is what matters on a paper.
ib
Time 1 Feb 54
15 There are men who can write poetry, and there are
4 We're not a loved paper. But we're a respected one.
men who can read balance sheets. The men who can
ib
read balance sheets cannot write.
WILLIAM RANDOLPH HEARST JR
On recruiting a staff for Fortune magazine, ib
5 I don't have the umbilical cord Pop had with each
16 Of necessity, we made the discovery that it is easier
paper.
to turn poets into business journalists than to turn
On closing of NY Mirror, founded by his father, NY
bookkeepers into writers.
Times 16 Oct 63
ib
CHRISTIE HEFNER, President, Playboy Enterprises
17 I suggest that what we want to do is not to leave to
posterity a great institution, but to leave behind a
6 She no longer has a staple in her navel.
great tradition of journalism ably practiced in our
On the traditional nude centerfold after new binding
time.
techniques were developed for the magazine. NBC TV
ib
28 Aug 85
18 Show me a man who claims he is objective and I'll
ANDREW HEISKELL, former Chairman, Time Inc
show you a man with illusions.
7 A publication depends on a great idea, not there
Quoted in NY Times 1 Mar 67
being a market out there.
You start with an idea
19 I became a journalist to come as close as possible
rather than trying to get an idea which goes with that
to the heart of the world.
market.
Quoted in Esquire Dec 83
New York 3 Mar 86
20 I am all for titillating trivialities. I am all for the epic
Roy W HOWARD, Chairman, Scripps-Howard Newspapers
[
touch. I could almost say that everything in Time
8 No date on the calendar is as important as tomor-
should be either titillating or epic or starkly, super-
row.
curtly factual.
Creed for newspaper personnel. recalled on his death.
ib
Time 27 Nov 64
21 Time should make enemies and Life should make
INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE
friends.
Quoted by Charles Whittingham. publisher of Life, on
9 For more than half of its nearly 91 years, this news-
the magazine's 50th anniversary. Live at Five WNBC
paper has been published at 21 Rue de Berri, be-
TV 3 Nov 86
tween the Étoile and the Elysée Palace, between the
Paris that the tourists see and the Paris that governs
RUPERT MURDOCK, newspaper magnate
France.
Front-page announcement of move to new quarters in
22 I think a newspaper should be provocative, stir 'em
suburban Neuilly, 25 Mar 78
up, but you can't do that on television. It's just not
on.
10 In moving to the Avenue Charles de Gaulle, the In-
ternational Herald Tribune is not departing from the
Declaring that he did not plan any television tabloids.
Business Week 20 May 85
Paris or the France in which its roots are so deep; it
is taking a step that will present more efficiently the
mirror which it seeks to hold up to the swiftly mov-
ALLEN NEUHARTH, founder, USA Today
ing events of our swiftly changing world.
23 We look like television in print.
ib
NBC TV 19 Nov 85
360
Observers & Critics
ELEANOR MEDILL ("Cissy") PATTERSON, Publisher,
JOHN HAY WHITNEY, Publisher, NY Herald Tribune
Washington Times-Herald
14 To be fair is not enough any more. We must be fe-
1 The trouble with me is that I am a vindictive old
rociously fair.
shanty-Irish bitch.
Address at Colby College, Waterville ME, Time 20 Nov
Time 13 Sep 54
64
LORD ROTHERMERE (Harold Sydney Harmsworth),
15 The role we can play every day, if we try, is to take
Chairman, London Daily Mail
the whole experience of every day and shape it to
involve American man. It is our job to interest him
2 I buy wood pulp, process it and sell it at a profit.
in his community and to give his ideas the excite-
Quoted by David Frost and Antony Jay The English
ment they should have.
Stein & Day 68
ib
ARTHUR HAYS SULZBERGER, Publisher, NY Times
CHARLES A WHITTINGHAM, Publisher, Life magazine
3 We tell the public which way the cat is jumping. The
public will take care of the cat.
16 [It was] America's scrapbook.
On impartial news reporting. Time 8 May 50
On 50th anniversary of Life magazine, Live at Five
WNBC TV 3 Nov 86
ARTHUR OCHS SULZBERGER, Publisher, NY Times
4 More than print and ink, a newspaper is a collection
WILL WOODWARD, General Manager, Dubuque
of fierce individualists who somehow manage to per-
Telegraph-Herald
form the astounding daily miracle of merging their
17 When I listen to people here who say that of course
own personalities under the discipline of the dead-
something was put in the paper because I ordered it
line and retain the flavor of their own minds in print.
in, it scares the hell out of me. That tells me what
Introduction to A M Rosenthal Thirty-eight Witnesses
those people would do if they were in my place.
McGraw-Hill 64
Quoted in "The Little Old Daily of Dubuque" NY Times
5 In dread fear of sentimentality, another thing true is
3 Feb 74
not said-that for its staff the paper is a source of
pride and, I do believe, an object of affection and-
Observers & Critics
yes, love.
ib
SPIRO T AGNEW, US Vice President
6 Anybody who claims to read the entire paper every
18 In the United States today, we have more than our
day is either the world's fastest reader or the world's
share of the nattering nabobs of negativism.
biggest liar.
Address at San Diego 11 Sep 70
Quoted in Time 15 Aug 77
19 [They have formed their own 4-H club-the] hope-
7 Journalism's ultimate purpose [is] to inform the
less, hysterical hypochondriacs of history.
reader, to bring him each day a letter from home
ib
and never to permit the serving of special interests.
NY Times 28 Apr 83
SHANA ALEXANDER
8 The Defense Department's plan to ban newspaper
20 At Gatling-gun tempo
word-perfect the first
reporters from [pool coverage of] military operations
time out.
the journalistic equivalent of a high-
is incredible. It reveals the administration to be out
wire front somersault without a net.
of touch with journalism. reality and the First
On fellow Life reporter Tommy Thompson meeting a
Amendment.
deadline, Nutcracker Doubleday 85
ib 11 Oct 84
PRINCESS ANNE
LORD THOMSON OF FLEET (Roy Herbert Thomson)
21 You are a pest, by the very nature of that camera in
9 I have a magpie mind. I like anything that glitters.
your hand.
On profitability of newspapers, quoted in John Robert
To a photographer. quoted by John Pearson The Selling
Colombo ed Colombo's Canadian Quotations Hurtig 74
of the Royal Family Simon & Schuster 86
10 I buy newspapers to make money to buy more news-
papers to make more money.
ANONYMOUS
Quoted in Time 15 Aug 77
22 Reporters are like alligators. You don't have to love
11 As for editorial content, that's the stuff you separate
them, you don't necessarily have to like them. But
the ads with.
you do have to feed them.
ib
White House source, on plans for frequent press brief-
ings during Tokyo economic summit meeting, quoted in
DEWITT WALLACE, founder, Reader's Digest
US News & World Report 5 May 86
12 The final condensation.
Self-epitaph. recalled on his death, Time 13 Apr 81
CORAZON C AQUINO, President of the Philippines
23 You, the foreign media, have been the companion
LILA ACHESON WALLACE
of my people in its long and painful journey to free-
13 I knew right away that it was a gorgeous idea.
dom.
On her husband's proposal for Reader's Digest, quoted
To 400 guests at Time's Distinguished Speakers Pro-
in Time 13 Apr 81
gram, Time 29 Sep 86
361
Ref.
PN6081
553a
WH
Simpson's
Contemporary Quotations
Compiled by
James B Simpson
11
Foreword by
Daniel J Boorstin
Houghton Mifflin Company
Boston 1988
PROPERTY OF
LIBRARY
EXEC E OFFICE OF
THL WEDDENT
NEWSPAPERS AND JOURNALISM 253
Newspapers and Journalism
Burke said there were three Estates in Parliament; but in the reporters' gallery
yonder, there sat a fourth Estate more important than them all.
Thomas Carlyle
Comfort the afflicted and afflict the comfortable. Finley Peter Dunne
Remember, son, many a good story has been ruined by over-verification.
James Gordon Bennett
Don't be afraid to make a mistake, your readers might like it.
William Randolph Hearst
One newspaper a day ought to be enough for anyone who still prefers to
retain a little mental balance.
Clifton Fadiman
Journalism is literature in a hurry.
Matthew Arnold
The sports page records people's accomplishments, the front page usually
records nothing but man's failures.
Earl Warren
News is the first rough draft of history.
Benjamin Bradlee
Carelessness is not fatal to journalism, nor are clichés, for the eye rests lightly
on them. But what is intended to be read once can seldom be read more than
once; a journalist has to accept the fact that his work, by its very todayness,
is excluded from any share in tomorrow.
Cyril Connolly
He had been kicked in the head by a mule when young, and believed
everything he read in the Sunday papers.
George Ade
An editor - a person employed on a newspaper, whose business it is to
separate the wheat from the chaff, and to see that the chaff is printed.
Elbert Hubbard
The day you write to please everyone you no longer are in journalism. You
are in show business.
Frank Miller, Jr.
It is a newspaper's duty to print the news and raise hell.
Wilbur F. Storey
If some great catastrophe is not announced every morning, we feel a certain
void. 'Nothing in the paper today,' we sigh.
Paul Valéry
254 NEWSPAPERS AND JOURNALISM
Newspapers have developed what might be called a vested interest in
catastrophe. If they can spot a fight, they play up that fight. If they can un-
cover a tragedy, they will headline that tragedy.
Harry A. Overstreet
What you see is news, what you know is background, what you feel is opi-
nion.
Lester Markel
Freedom of the press is guaranteed only to those who own one.
A. J. Liebling
A good newspaper is a nation talking to itself.
Arthur Miller
The first essence of journalism is to know what you want to know; the se-
cond, is to find out who will tell you.
John Gunther
Today's reporter is forced to become an educator more concerned with ex-
plaining the news than with being first on the scene.
Fred Friendly
A writer who takes up journalism abandons the slow tempo of literature for
a faster one and the change will do him harm. By degrees the flippancy of
journalism will become a habit and the pleasure of being paid on the nail
and more especially of being praised on the nail, grow indispensable.
Cyril Connolly
Observation
The eyes believe themselves; the ears believe other people.
German proverb
The lower classes of men, though they do not think it worthwhile to record
what they perceive, nevertheless perceive everything that is worth noting; the
difference between them and a man of learning often consists in nothing more
than the latter's facility for expression.
G. C. Lichtenberg
The eye sees only what the mind is prepared to comprehend.
Robertson Davies
The things we see are the mind's best bet as to what is out front.
Adelbert Ames
You can observe a lot just by watching.
Yogi Berra
The eye is the jewel of the body.
Henry David Thoreau
Ref.
PN6081
F58
1987
WH
Barnes & Noble
BOOKOF
QUOTATIONS
REVISED AND ENLARGED
Editedby
RobertI.Fitzhenry
BARNES & NOBLE BOOKS
A DIVISION OF HARPER & ROW, PUBLISHERS
New York, Cambridge, Philadelphia, San Francisco, Washington
London, Mexico City, São Paulo, Singapore, Sydney
NEWSPAPERS
285
305
adornment of his person he devotes
two make four, but is terribly
dishes. The sink is the great
to the neglect of his duties.
worried about it.
symbol of the bloodiness of family
William Hepworth Thompson (1810-86)
Anonymous
life All life is bad, but family life is
British academic. Referring to the Cambridge
worse.
Professor of Greek, Sir Richard Jebb. With
2 A mistake which is commonly made
Dearest Love to All (M. R. Bobbit), Ch. 7
Julian Mitchell (1935- ) British writer and
about neurotics is to suppose that
dramatist. As Far as You Can Go, I, Ch. 1
they are interesting. It is not
NEIGHBORS
interesting to be always unhappy,
10 Neurosis has an absolute genius for
engrossed with oneself, malignant
malingering. There is no illness
See also boundaries
and ungrateful, and never quite in
which it cannot counterfeit perfectly
1 Love your neighbor, yet pull not
touch with reality.
If it is capable of deceiving the
down your hedge.
Cyril Connolly (1903-74) British journalist and
doctor, how should it fail to deceive
writer. The Unquiet Grave, Pt. II
Proverb
the patient?
Marcel Proust (1871-1922) French novelist.
3 A man should not strive to
2 Thou shalt love thy neighbour as
A la recherche du temps perdu: Le Côté de
eliminate his complexes, but to get
Guermantes
thy self.
of
into accord with them: they are
Bible: Matthew 22:39
legitimately what directs his conduct
11 The 'sensibility' claimed by
3 My apple trees will never get
in the world.
neurotics is matched by their
across
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) Austrian
egotism; they cannot abide the
And eat the cones under his pines, I
psychoanalyst.
flaunting by others of the sufferings
tell him.
to which they pay an ever
4 There are those who have tried to
He only says, 'Good fences make
increasing attention in themselves.
dismiss his story with a flourish of
good neighbours.
Marcel Proust À la recherche du temps perdu:
the Union Jack, a psycho-analytical
Le Côté de Guermantes
Robert Frost (1875-1963) US poet. North of
catchword or a sneer; it should
Unders
Boston, 'Mending Wall'
move our deepest admiration and
12 Everything great in the world is
name
4 For it is your business, when the
pity. Like Shelley and like
done by neurotics; they alone
wall next door catches fire.
Baudelaire, it may be said of him
founded our religions and created
titue
Horace (Quintus Horatius Flaccus; 65-8 BC)
that he suffered, in his own person,
our masterpieces.
of
the
Roman poet. Epistles, I
the neurotic ills of an entire
Marcel Proust The Perpetual Pessimist (Sag-
generation.
ittarius and George)
5 Try to keep peace with your
Christopher Isherwood (1904-86) British
neighbours. I haye loyed war too
novelist. Referring to Lawrence. Exhu-
13 Work and love - these are the
much; do not copy me in that nor
mations
basics. Without them there is
#
in my extravagance.
neurosis.
5 Neurosis is always a substitute for
Louis XIV (1638-1715) French king. Remark
Theodor Reik
to his great-grandson, the future Louis XV
legitimate, suffering.
total
C. G. Jung (1875-1961) Swiss psychologist.
14 Neurosis is the way of avoiding
NEPOTISM
non-being by avoiding being.
6 This is, I think, very much the Age
Pant Tillich (1886-1965) German-born US
of Anxiety, the age of the neurosis,
theologian. The Courage to Be
1 The son-in-law also rises.
because along with SO much that
Anonymous Referring to the film maker Louis
weighs on our minds there is
NEWSPAPERS
B. Mayer promoting David Selznick, his daugh-
perhaps even more that grates on
ter's husband.
our nerves.
See also journalism
2 I am against government by crony.
Louis Kronenberger (1904- ) US writer,
Harold L. Ickes (1874-1952) US Republican
critic, and editor. Company Mánners, -The Spirit
1 Top people take The Times
politician. Comment on his resignation as Sec-
of the Age'
Anonymous Advertisement
retary of the Interior (1946) after a dispute with
President Truman
7 Modern neurosis began with the
2 The Times has made many
discoveries of Copernicus. Science
ministries.
3 I can't see that it's wrong to give
made man feel small by showing
Walter Bagehot. (1826-77) British economist
him a little legal experience before
him that the earth was not the
and journalist. The English Constitution, "The
he goes out to practice law.
center of the universe.
Cabinet
John Fitzgerald Kennedy (1917-63) US
Mary McCarthy (1912- ) US novelist. On
statesman. On being criticized for making his
the Contrary, Tyranny of the Orgasm
3 Deleted by French censor.
brother Robert attorney general. Nobody Said It
James Gordon Bennett (1841-1918) US
Better (M. Ringo)
8 Neurotic means he is not as
newspaper owner and editor. Used to fill empty
sensible as I am, and psychotic
spaces in his papers during World War I when
NEUROSIS
means he's even worse than my
news was lacking. Americans in Paris (B.
brother-in-law.
Morton)
See also psychiatry, psychology
Karl Menninger (1893- ) US psychiatrist.
4 Price of Herald three cents daily.
1 The psychotic person knows that
9 Freud is all nonsense; the secret of
Five cents Sunday. Bennett.
two and two make five and is
neurosis is to be found in the family
James Gordon Bennett Telegram to William
perfectly happy about it; the
battle of wills to see who can
Randolph Hearst, when he heard that Hearst
neurotic person knows that two and
was trying to buy his paper. The Life and
refuse longest to help with the
Death of the Press Barons (P. Brandon)
386
NEW YORK
5 Reading someone else's newspaper
read. And it's only news until he's
raked up the Superman, who is as
is like sleeping with someone else's
read it. After that it's dead.
old as Prometheus.
wife. Nothing seems to be precisely
Evelyn Waugh Scoop, Bk. I, Ch. 5
George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) Irish
in the right place, and when you
dramatist and critic. Man and Superman, Act 3
find what you are looking for, it is
16 They were not so much published
not clear then how to respond to it.
as carried screaming into the
Quotations by Nietzsche
Malcolm Bradbury (1932- ) British academ-
street.
ic and novelist. Stepping Westward, Bk. I,
H. G. Wells (1866-1946) British writer. War
2 When a man is in love he endures
Ch. 1
In the Air
more than at other times; he
submits to everything.
6 The Times is speechless and takes
NEW YORK
The Antichrist
three columns to express its
speechlessness.
1 When an American stays away from
3 God created woman. And boredom
Winston Churchill (1874-1965) British states-
New York too long something
did indeed cease from that moment
man. Referring to Irish Home Rule. Speech,
happens to him. Perhaps he
- but many other things ceased as
Dundee, 14 May 1908
becomes a little provincial, a little
well! Woman was God's second
dead and afraid.
mistake.
7 I believe it has been said that one
Sherwood Anderson (1876-1941) US writer.
The Antichrist
copy of The Times contains more
Letters
useful information than the whole of
4 I call Christianity the one great
the historical works of Thucydides.
2
New
York
that unnatural
curse, the one enormous and
Richard Cobden (1804-65) British politician.
city where every one is an exile,
innermost perversion, the one great
Speech, Manchester, 27 Dec 1850
none more so than the American.
instinct of revenge, for which no
Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860-1935) US
means are too venomous, too
8 Small earthquake in Chile. Not
writer. The Living of Charlotte Perkins
underhand, too underground and too
many dead.
Gilman
petty - I call it the one immortal
Claud Cockburn Put forward as an example
blemish of mankind.
of a dull newspaper headline. I Claud
3 When people come together,
The Antichrist
flowers always flourish - the air is
9 Nothing is news until it has
rich with the aroma of a new
5 God is dead: but considering the
appeared in The Times.
spring.
state the species Man is in, there
Ralph Deakin (1888-1952) Foreign News Edi-
Take New York, the dynamic me-
will perhaps be caves, for ages yet,
all the nows
tor of The Times. Attrib.
tropolis. What makes New York so
in which his shadow will be shown.
special?
Die Fröhliche Wissenschaft, Bk. III
10 All the news that's fit to print.
It's the invitation of the Statue of
that print fits m
Adolph Simon Ochs (1858-1935) US news-
Liberty - give me your tired, your
6 Believe me! The secret of reaping
paper publisher. The motto of the New York
poor, your huddled masses who
Times
the greatest fruitfulness and the
yearn to breathe free.
greatest enjoyment from life is to
11 Well, there are only two posh
Not restricted to English only.
live dangerously!
Jesse Jackson (1941- ) US politician.
papers on a Sunday the one
Die Fröhliche Wissenschaft, Bk. IV
Speech, Democratic Party Convention, Atlanta,
you're reading and this one.
July 1988
7 As an artist, a man has no home in
John Osborne (1929- ) British dramatist.
Look Back in Anger, I
4 I like to walk around Manhattan,
Europe save in Paris.
catching glimpses of its wild life,
Ecce Homo
12 Written by office boys for office
the pigeons and cats and girls.
boys.
8 My time has not yet come either;
Rex Todhunter Stout (1886-1975) US writ-
Marquess of Salisbury (1830-1903) British
er. Three Witnesses, 'When a Man Murders'
some are born posthumously.
statesman. Reaction to the launch of the Daily
Ecce Homo
Mail, 1896. Northcliffe, an Intimate Biography
5 One belongs to New York instantly.
(Hamilton Fyfe), Ch. 4
One belongs to it as much in five
9 My doctrine is: Live that thou
minutes as in five years.
mayest desire to live again - that
13 The Pall Mall Gazette is written by
Thomas Wolfe (1900-38) US novelist. The
is thy duty - for in any case thou
gentlemen for gentlemen.
Web and the Rock
wilt live again!
William Makepeace Thackeray (1811-63)
Eternal Recurrence
British novelist. Pendennis, Ch. 32
NIETZSCHE,
10 Do you really believe that the
14 'The Beast stands for strong
Friedrich Wilhelm
sciences would ever have originated
mutually antagonistic governments
and grown if the way had not been
everywhere', he said. 'Self-
(1844-1900) German philosopher. His rejection of all
prepared by magicians, alchemists,
sufficiency at home, self-assertion
religion and his glorification of the superman in Thus
Spake Zarathustra (1883-92) influenced Nazi phi-
astrologers and witches whose
abroad.'
losophy in Germany.
promises and pretensions first had
Evelyn Waugh (1903-66) British novelist.
to create a thirst, a hunger, a taste
Scoop, Bk. I, Ch. 1
Quotations about Nietzsche
for hidden and forbidden powers?
Indeed, infinitely more had to be
15 News is what a chap who doesn't
1 Nietzsche
was a confirmed Life
promised than could ever be fulfilled
care much about anything wants to
Force worshipper. It was he who
in order that anything at all might
464
PUBLIC HOUSES
position you can make a crowd of
public. It is the greatest of
Choicer than the Mermaid Tavern?
men.
cowards, for it is afraid of itself.
Have ye tippled drink more fine
Max Beerbohm (1872-1956) British writer.
William Hazlitt (1778-1830) British:essayist.
Than mine host's Canary wine?
Zuleika Dobson, Ch. 9
On Living to Oneself
John Keats (1795-1821) British poet. Lines
5 The great Unwashed.
14 Only constant repetition will finally
on the Mermaid Tavern
Henry Peter Brougham (1778-1868) Scot-
succeed in imprinting an idea on the
tish lawyer and politician. Attrib.
memory of the crowd.
4 The hands of the clock have stayed
Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) German dictator.
still at half past eleven for fifty
6 The people are the masters.
Mein Kampf, Ch. 6
years. It is always opening time in
Edmund Burke (1729-97) British politician.
the Sailors Arms.
Speech on the Economical Reform (House of Com-
15 The people long eagerly for just
Dylan Thomas (1914-53) Welsh poet. Under
mons, 11 Feb 1780)
two things - bread and circuses.
Milk Wood
Juvenal (Decimus Junius Juvenalis; 60-130 AD)
7 The public buys its opinions as it
Roman satirist. Satires, X
5 Come, Come, Come and have a
buys its meat, or takes in its milk,
16 They are only ten.
drink with me
on the principle that it is cheaper to
do this than to keep a cow. So it
Lord Northcliffe (1865-1922) Irish-born Brit-
Down at the old 'Bull and Bush'.
ish newspaper proprietor. Rumoured to have
Harry Tilzer (Albert von Tilzer; 1878-1956)
is, but the milk is more likely to be
been a notice to remind his staff of his opinion of
British songwriter. The Old Bull and Bush
watered.
the mental age of the general public. Attrib.
Samuel Butler (1835-1902) British writer.
Notebooks
17 The multitude is always in the
PUBLISHING
wrong.
8 The Public is an old woman. Let
Earl of Roscommon (1633-85) Irish-born
See also books, editors
her maunder and mumble.
English poet. Essay on Translated Verse
Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881) Scottish histori-
18 Once the people begin to reason, all
1 Publication is the male equivalent of
an and essayist. Journal, 1835
childbirth.
is lost.
Voltaire (François-Marie Arouet; 1694-1778)
Richard Acland (1906- ) British politician and
9 The people would be just as noisy if
French writer. Letter to Damilaville, 1 Apr 1766
writer. The Observer, 'Sayings of the Week',
they were going to see me hanged.
19 May 1974
Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) English soldier
19 The century on which we are
and statesman. Referring to a cheering crowd.
entering - the century which will
2 I'll publish, right or wrong:
come out of this war - can be and
Fools are my theme, let satire be my
10 If by the people you understand the
must be the century of the common
song.
multitude, the hoi polloi, 'tis no
man.
Lord Byron (1788-1824) British poet. Eng-
matter what they think; they are
Henry Wallace (1888-1965) US economist and
lish Bards and Scotch Reviewers
sometimes in the right, sometimes
politician. Speech, 'The Price of Free World
in the wrong; their judgement is a
Victory', 8 May 1942
3 Now Barabbas was a publisher.
mere lottery.
20 Our supreme governors, the mob.
Thomas Campbell (1777-1844) British poet.
John Dryden (1631-1700) British poet and
Attrib.
dramatist. Essay of Dramatic Poesy
Horace Walpole (1717-97) British writer.
Letter to Sir Horace Mann, 7 Sept 1743
4 Gentlemen, you must not mistake
11 Nor is the Peoples Judgment always
21 I have no concern for the common
me. I admit that he is the sworn
true:
man except that he should not be
foe of our nation, and, if you will,
The Most may err as grosly as the
SO common.
of the whole human race. But,
Few.
Angus Wilson (1913- ) British novelist. No
gentlemen, we must be just to our
John Dryden Absalom and Achitophel, I
Laughing Matter
enemy. We must not forget that he
once shot a bookseller.
12 Ill fares the land, to hast'ning ills a
PUBLIC HOUSES
Thomas Campbell Excusing himself in pro-
prey,
posing a toast to Napoleon at a literary dinner.
Where wealth accumulates, and men
See also alcohol, drunkenness
The Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay (G. O.
decay;
Trevelyan)
Princes and lords may flourish, or
1 A tavern chair is the throne of
may fade;
human felicity.
5 As repressed sadists are supposed
A breath can make them, as a breath
Samuel Johnson (1709-84) British lexicogra-
to become policemen or butchers SQ
pher. Johnsonian Miscellanies (ed. G. B.
has made;
those with irrational fear of life
Hill), Vol. II
become publishers.
But a bold peasantry, their country's
pride,
2 There is nothing which has yet
Cyril Connolly (1903-74) British journalist.
When once destroy'd, can never be
been contrived by man, by which SO
Enemies of Promise, Ch. 3
supplied.
much happiness is produced as by a
good tavern or inn.
6 Let it be kept till the ninth year,
Oliver Goldsmith (1728-74) Irish-born British
Samuel Johnson Life of Johnson (J. Boswell),
the manuscript put away at home:
writer. The Deserted Village
Vol. II
you may destroy whatever you
haven't published; once out, what
13 There is not a more mean, stupid,
3 Souls of poets dead and gone,
you've said can't be stopped.
dastardly, pitiful, selfish, spiteful,
What Elysium have ye known,
envious, ungrateful animal than the
Horace (Quintus Horatius Flaccus; 65-8 BC)
Happy field or mossy cavern,
Roman poet. Ars Poetica
PUNISHMENT
465
7 My own motto is publish and be
And Cain said unto the Lord, My
The punishment fit the crime.
I Chand
sued.
punishment is greater than I can
W.S. Gilbert The Mikado, II
Goldw
Richard Ingrams (1937- ) British editor.
bear.
Referring to his editorship of Private Eye. BBC
Bible: Genesis 4:12-13
13 The billiard sharp whom any one
Goldw
radio broadcast, 4 May 1977
catches,
4 And surely your blood of your lives
His doom's extremely hard
mmad /
8 The booksellers are generous
will I require; at the hand of every
He's made to dwell
his o
liberal-minded men.
beast will I require it, and at the
In a dungeon cell
Samuel Johnson (1709-84) British lexicogra-
on there
pher. Life of Johnson (J. Boswell). Vol. I
hand of man; at the hand of every
On a spot that's always barred.
man's brother will I require the life
And there he plays extravagant
usphs. i
9 Curse the blasted, jelly-boned
of man.
matches
irr. bas
swines, the slimy, the belly-
Whoso sheddeth man's blood, by
In fitless finger-stalls
wriggling invertebrates, the
man shall his blood be shed: for in
On a cloth untrue
so forth
miserable sodding rutters, the
With a twisted cue
the image of God made he man.
C3 of the
flaming sods, the snivelling,
And elliptical billiard balls.
Bible: Genesis 9:5-6
dribbling, dithering, palsied, pulse-
W. S. Gilbert The Mikado, II
the gen
less lot that make up England
5 Then the Lord rained upon Sodom
today. They've got white of egg in
14 Something lingering, with boiling oil
and upon Gomorrah brimstone and
their veins and their spunk is that
in it, I fancy.
fire from the Lord out of heaven.
K speci
watery it's a marvel they can
W.S. Gilbert The Mikado, II
Bible: Genesis 19:24
thematic
breed.
15 The door flew open, in he ran,
D. H. Lawrence (1885-1930) British novelist.
6 There is no peace, saith the Lord,
I intern.
The great, long, red-legged scissor-
Letter to Edward Garnet, 3 July 1912, on Hein-
unto the wicked.
abundar
emann's rejection of Sons and Lovers
man.
Bible: Isaiah 48:22
Heinrich Hoffman (1809-74) German writer.
to name
10 Publish and be damned!
Struwwelpeter, "The Little Suck-a-Thumb'
Duke of Wellington (1769-1852) British gen-
7 He that spareth his rod hateth his
"Dution
eral and statesman. On being offered the
son: but he that loveth him
16 The only thing I really mind about
ty of th
chance to avoid mention in the memoirs of Har-
chasteneth him betimes.
going to prison is the thought of
riette Wilson by giving her money. Attrib.
Bible: Proverbs 13:24
Lord Longford coming to visit me.
he singl
11 Being published by the O.U.P. is
Richard Ingrams (1937- ) British editor.
8 Love is a boy, by poets styl'd,
wook o
Attrib.
rather like being married to a
duchess; the honour is almost
Then spare the rod, and spoil the
to is as
child.
17 Corporal punishment is as
greater than the pleasure.
humiliating for him who gives it as
plats and
Samuel Butler (1612-80) English satirist.
G. M. Young Letter to Rupert Hart-Davis,
Hudibras, Pt. II
for him who receives it; it is
trationa
20 Nov 1956
ineffective besides. Neither shame
9 Never under the most despotic of
nor physical pain have any other
PUNCTUALITY
infidel governments did I behold
effect than a hardening one
such squalid wretchedness as I have
Ellen Key (Karolina Sofia Key; 1849-1926)
See promptness
seen since my return in the very
Swedish writer. The Century of the Child, Ch. 8
PUNISHMENT
heart of a Christian country.
18 The refined punishments of the
Lord Byron (1788-1824) British poet. Speak-
spiritual mode are usually much
See also education, execution, imprisonment, ret-
ing against the death penalty for machine wreck-
ribution
ing. Speech, House of Lords, 27 Feb 1812
more indecent and dangerous than a
good smack.
1 Spare the rod and spoil the child.
10 Quoth he, 'The man hath penance
D. H. Lawrence (1885-1930) British novelist.
done,
Fantasia of the Unconscious, Ch. 4
Proverb
And penance more will do.'
2 Wherefore putting away lying, speak
19 Men are not hanged for stealing
Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834) Brit-
every man truth with his neighbour:
horses, but that horses may not be
ish poet. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, V
for we are members one of
stolen.
another.
11 As some day it may happen that a
George Saville (1633-95) English statesman.
Be ye angry, and sin not: let not the
Political, Moral and Miscellaneous Thoughts
victim must be found
and Reflections
sun go down upon your wrath:
I've got a little list I've got a little
Neither give place to the devil.
list
20 And where the offence is let the
Let him that stole steal no more: but
Of society offenders who might well
great axe fall.
rather let him labour, working with
be underground,
William Shakespeare (1564-1616) English
his hands the thing which is good,
And who never would be missed
dramatist. Hamlet, IV:5
that he may have to give to him that
needeth.
who never would be missed!
21 Condemn the fault and not the actor
Bible: Ephesians 4:25-28
W. S. Gilbert (1836-1911) British dramatist.
of it?
The Mikado, I
William Shakespeare Measure for Measure,
3 When thou tillest the ground, it
II:2
shall not henceforth yield unto thee
12 My object all sublime
her strength; a fugitive and a
I shall achieve in time
22 Nay, take my life and all; pardon
vagabond shalt thou be in the earth.
To let the punishment fit the crime -
not that:
Ref.
PN6081
m29a
WH
THE MACMILLAN
DICTIONARY
OF QUOTATIONS
MACMILLAN PUBLISHING COMPANY New York
YVONNE FREUND/PHOTO RESEARCHERS
Newspapers are distributed by delivery or at newsstands, such as this one near a busy subway entrance in New York.
NEWSPAPER. In a general sense, a newspaper is
general interest to the people of the area where it
an unbound publication issued at regular inter-
is published. In addition to reporting something
vals that seeks to inform, explain and interpret,
that occurred in the recent past, news can antic-
influence, and entertain. It also serves its read-
ipate certain events that probably will happen in
ers and its own financial viability by publishing
the near future. A basic definition of news,
advertising. It is, therefore, a business, as well
therefore, is what a journalist believes is interest-
as a public service, that must succeed economi-
ing and important to readers regarding both past
cally, at least in capitalist societies. So, in a free-
and future developments.
market economy such as that of the United
A newspaper requires well-trained journal-
States, a newspaper is both a private profit-mak-
ists, its professional personnel. It usually has a
ing enterprise and a quasi-public institution. In
managerial executive, called the publisher or di-
the latter role, it is under the protection of the
rector, who may own the newspaper or, at least,
Constitution as regards freedom of the press, and
is responsible for its overall success. The con-
it receives certain benefits under the aegis of the
tent managers, called editors, are in charge of
government, such as reduced mailing rates.
final preparation of the news and other editorial
Regarding format, most of the world's news-
features. Probably the most familiar newspaper
papers are either tabloid size of approximately 11
functionary is the reporter, who collects and
by 15 inches (28 by 38 cm) or broadsheet size of
presents the news and sometimes writes col-
about 15 by 23 inches (38 by 58 cm). They are
umns of comment. Also, there are photogra-
printed on inexpensive paper, called newsprint,
phers and, on many larger newspapers, cartoon-
and are not stapled, stitched, or glued at the fold
ists and other artists who provide illustrative
as are magazines and books. They also include
material. Finally, there is the advertising staff,
an abundance of large headlines and pictures
who write, design, and sell advertising.
and, in non-Communist countries, many and var-
Newspapers, especially in North and South
ied advertisements, which account for 35% to
America and Europe, traditionally have over-
60% of a typical newspaper's space.
played sensational events like crimes, natural ca-
The English word "newspaper" is widely
tastrophes, assassinations and coups, air crashes,
considered a misnomer, since today's newspa-
and similar disasters and political problems.
pers generally carry a small proportion of news-
This sort of coverage has been given especially
that is, an account of events-compared with the
to Third World nations, which have drawn in-
amount of space devoted to such noncurrent top-
creased attention to the sensational and negative
ics as entertainment features, editorials, com-
nature of much of the news about them in the
ment columns, and advertising. Other lan-
Western press. As a result, Western journalists
guages use words that are more precisely
have become sensitive to the problem, and more
descriptive, giving a sense of regular publication
"development" news-stories about progress in
rather than of content: for example, periódico in
developing areas-is being carried in Western
Spanish, journal in French, Zeitung and Tag-
newspapers. Much of the impetus for this
blatt in German.
change resulted from the efforts of the United
The term "news" is difficult to define.
Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Or-
Broadly, it is information that a reader has not
ganization (UNESCO) and certain journalistic
known previous to its presentation. It has ele-
groups, such as the International Organization of
ments of immediacy and importance and is of
Journalists, with headquarters in Prague.
278
NEWSPAPER
279
The newspaper has some distinct advantages
publications. Next to English, the greatest num-
over other types of mass. media, especially over
ber of dailies are printed in Chinese, followed by
the broadcast media: (1) it is regular and can
German and then Spanish.
present news and interpretation in a thorough
Newspapers in the United States. The United
manner; (2) it is relatively inexpensive; (3) it is
States is saturated with newspapers of all types
easily clipped and saved, and clippings can be
that compete with a variey of other communica-
sent through the mails; (4) it can be read at the
tion media. There are the internationally oriented
consumer's convenience, fitting easily into time
dailies, such as the New York Times, Washington
schedules; (5) it can clearly present statistical
Post, and Los Angeles Times: thoughtful nation-
tables, charts and graphs, and other pictorial de-
al-circulation dailies, such as the Christian Sci-
vices; and (6) it can effectively provide local
ence Monitor and Wall Street Journal; popular
advertising and is especially useful for distribut-
mass-appeal dailies, such as the New York Post
ing sales coupons. In a Gallup Poll, conducted
and New York Daily News; specialized trade dai-
in 1979 in the United States, that dealt with pub-
lies, such as Variety (show business) and
lic confidence in key American institutions, 51%
Women's Wear Daily; and group-oriented dai-
of the respondents had a "great deal" of confi-
lies, such as the Jewish Daily Forward. Among
dence in newspapers, compared with 38% for
popular-appeal weekly newspapers are the Vil-
television. Newspapers ranked fifth and televi-
lage Voice, the family-oriented Grit and Cap-
sion seventh in the poll.
per's Weekly, and the sensational National En-
Newspapers, in spite of a long tradition and
quirer and National Star. There also are
built-in advantages, face an uncertain future.
newspapers for blacks; counterculture, or "un-
They are plagued by rising costs, and people are
derground," newspapers; student newspapers;
turning increasingly to television for their news.
prison newspapers; suburban and rural week-
(In this connection, greater numbers of journal-
lies; and a multiplicity of others.
ism students are opting for broadcasting careers
It is estimated that 1,800 daily newspapers
rather than newspaper work.) Also, just over the
are issued in the United States, with a total cir-
horizon are electronic home-delivery informa-
culation of 65 million, and that some type of
tion systems, whose computer terminals can pro-
newspaper is read regularly by nine out of ten
vide almost any type of desired reading material,
Americans. In addition, 7,500 nondailies are
from advertising and crossword puzzles to de-
also published, plus 6,000 "free" newspapers of
tailed news stories and analyses. Another and
one kind or another. Sunday papers number
more immediate danger to newspapers, especi-
about 720, and the figure seems to be increasing
ally in the United States, are the free advertising
each year (up by 24 from 1978 to 1980). After-
sheets delivered to homes, the so-called shop-
noon dailies outnumber morning papers by at
pers that carry some news and features.
least four to one, but their circulations and num-
bers are on the decline. About half of the week-
MODERN NEWSPAPERS
lies are published in either agricultural or indus-
Worldwide, there are about 50,000 newspa-
trial communities; about 35% in suburban areas;
pers, with a total circulation of nearly 400 mil-
and some 10% in resort communities.
lion. The total readership, however, is probably
The American newspapers with the highest
three or four times the circulation figure because
visibility and reputations are the general dailies
copies of newspapers are passed from hand to
with serious demeanor, the so-called quality, or
hand, some are posted, and some are placed in
elite, dailies. The leading examples are the New
libraries. About 8,000 are dailies.
York Times, Washington Post, and Los Angeles
At least a third of all newspapers are pub-
Times, the "big three of American general pres-
lished in North America; another third in Eu-
tige dailies. These newspapers enjoy a strong
rope, including the Soviet Union; and the
international and national reputation and stress
remaining third in the rest of the world. The
such aspects of journalism as foreign and na-
countries with the highest newspaper readership
tional news, news analysis and interpretation,
are Britain, Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Japan,
politics, science, economics, and culture.
and the United States.
In addition to these three newspapers, there
Europe probably accounts for almost half of
are many others scattered throughout the country
the world's total newspaper circulation, North
that emphasize somewhat the same things but
America for a quarter, and the rest of the world
have lesser reputations-for example, the Miami
for another quarter. For the world as a whole,
Herald, Louisville Courier-Journal, St. Louis
the average circulation of dailies per 1,000 per-
Post-Dispatch, Milwaukee Journal, and Chicago
sons is between 90 and 100.
Tribune. Evidence of the great diversity of
Everywhere, newspapers are troubled by the
well-produced newspapers in the United States
high cost of newsprint, inflated prices for equip-
are such dailies as the highly professional, excel-
ment, restraints on press freedom, and difficul-
lently produced News-World, published in New
ties with trade unions. In addition, advertising
York City by the Unification Church.
and subscription rates do not keep pace with the
The typical American daily is one that en-
rising costs of production. These problems may
deavors to satisfy the majority of readers in its
result in: (1) closing down publications; (2) cur-
circulation area. These publications are good,
tailing the size and quality of newspapers; (3)
solid newspapers, whose primary intent is to
increased reliance on private and government
serve the interests of their immediate localities
subsidies; and (4) more frequent mergers and
and regions, as exemplified by such dailies as the
greater chain ownership of newspapers.
Denver Post, Dallas Morning News, San Diego
About 40 countries are without daily newspa-
Union, Portland Oregonian, Kansas City Star,
pers. In most countries that have dailies, the
and St. Petersburg Times. Many of them have
newspapers Only about 25 countries have dailies
are crude and small, usually of only
good national reputations but are not widely
known abroad.
with as many as 12 pages. More than 25% of the
Another major category of newspapers in the
world's daily newspapers are English-language
United States is foreign-language publications.
BETTYE LANE/PHOTO RESEARCHERS
Interviews are among the methods used by reporters to gather information for newspaper stories.
There are about 1,000 such newspapers, with a
pers, however, operate as part of the academic
combined circulation of nearly 9 million, pub-
structure, while a few-for example, the Har-
lished in nearly 40 languages. The largest num-
vard Crimson-are dissociated from the univer-
ber are in Spanish, German, Norwegian, Chi-
sity and, in some cases, publish off campus.
nese, Italian, Armenian, Greek, Japanese, and
Other types of newspapers published in the
French.
United States include military newspapers,
The foreign-language newspapers with the
prison newspapers, business-oriented newspa-
fastest growth are those in Spanish, most of
pers, political newspapers, and a wide variety of
which are located in the Southwest, where many
newspapers for employees of institutions and
Chicanos, or Mexican-Americans, live. How-
companies.
ever, the Spanish-language newspaper with the
Newspapers in Other Countries. In spite of the
largest circulation is El Diario-La Prensa (about
difficulties faced by papers around the world, the
70,000 daily), published in New York City. At
press is growing. New publications appear on
least 50 Spanish-language newspapers, some
every continent, many of them catering to one or
very crudely printed, are published for the ex-
another specialized interest. After 1970, expan-
ploding Spanish-speaking population of the
sion of the European press declined, but it re-
United States. Their total circulation, however,
mains vigorous in spite of economic problems.
is estimated at no more than a million.
Newspapers in Africa, Latin America, and Asia
Beginning about the 1960's, the number of
are generally small and struggling.
American newspapers for blacks grew rapidly.
Freedom of the press is a serious problem for
Of about 190 such newspapers, the leaders are
most of the world's newspapers. Government
the Chicago Daily Defender, Pittsburgh News
controls appear to be increasing every year, not
Courier, Atlanta Daily World, Baltimore Afro-
only in authoritarian countries but also in the so-
American, Miami Times, Los Angeles Sentinel,
called libertarian nations, such as Britain and the
New Orleans Weekly and New York's Amster-
United States. The most extensive press free-
dam News. During the 1970's, however, the
dom is found in western Europe and North
number of black newspapers declined by 22.5%,
America, while Latin America, Asia, and Africa
their circulation by 33.6%, and the number of
have minimal freedom. In the Middle East,
employees by 25%. This resulted from a variety
newspapers are heavily controlled by govern-
of factors, including inadequate financing, poor
ment. For the immediate future, prospects for
news coverage, sensationalism in both news and
press freedom appear bleak.
advertising, and careless writing and editing.
In addition to the dismaying lack of press
About 2,000 college newspapers are pub-
freedom, three other major factors contribute to
lished, with a total circulation of about 7 million.
the worldwide weakness of newspapers: (1) they
At least 100 of these may be classified as dailies.
have not been economically efficient; (2) they
Some of the best known college newspapers are
generally make use of antiquated production
the Independent Florida Alligator (Florida State
methods and are unable to compete effectively
University), Michigan Daily (University of Mich-
with other media in attracting the public, and (3)
igan, Ann Arbor), Daily Californian (University
there probably are too many newspapers in a
of California, Berkeley), and Kentucky Kernel
world that has become accustomed to radio, tele-
(University of Kentucky), all operated by inde-
vision, and widely circulated specialized maga-
pendent corporations. Most college newspa-
zines.
280
NEWSPAPER
281
Canada. Compared with most nations, Can-
intrusion of big capital into the control of infor-
ada enjoys a high degree of press freedom, with
mation services.
few intrusive government restrictions. In gen-
In addition, economic problems are plaguing
eral, Canadian newspapers are characterized by
newspapers. In Switzerland, for example,
a well-balanced and lively journalism. Some
nearly 100 newspapers ceased publication in the
120 dailies and nearly 800 weeklies are pub-
decade after 1970. Most were small, unable to
lished. The main press centers are Toronto,
keep pace with the sharp increase in production
Montreal, and Ottawa, the capital. Winnipeg,
costs. The same situation exists in Belgium.
Vancouver, Edmonton, and Quebec are also im-
The press of West Germany also is troubled
portant publishing cities. Nine newspaper
by inflation and other economic problems. Even
groups operate in Canada, the largest being
Die Welt, the flagship of press lord Axel Spring-
Thomson Newspapers. The daily circulation is
er's newspaper empire, has run huge yearly def-
about 5 million, and the weekly circulation, more
icits. In 1974 alone the cost of newsprint in
than 3 million. Among the leading Canadian
West Germany rose 65%, and salaries and social
dailies are the Toronto Globe and Mail; Toronto
security costs rose 18%, while circulation in-
Star, with the country's largest circulation (about
creased by only 15%.
480,000); and Winnipeg Free Press.
Italy, too, has suffered serious inflation, and
Newspapers in Canada are mainly in En-
its newspapers face huge deficits. Compound-
glish, followed by those in French, the other offi-
ing the difficulty is the loss of circulation as the
cial language. In addition, some 60 foreign-
price of newspapers continues to rise.
language newspapers are published. Although
In Britain the principal problem is "feather-
Ottawa is the capital and Toronto has the big-
bedding," in which more people than necessary
gest-circulation dailies, Montreal, the country's
are employed because of union contracts and
largest city, has the most daily newspapers, in-
outmoded methods of production. Although this
cluding six in French and two in English.
situation is found in other parts of Europe, it is
Latin America. Two generalizations can be
especially serious in Britain. As a result of the
made about Latin American newspapers: they
increased expenses of newsprint and equipment
are faced with serious financial problems, and
and trouble with key labor unions, a number of
they confront tight restrictions with regard to
London dailies have closed down, and Fleet
press freedom. In the first instance, runaway
Street, London's newspaper district, has 3 mil-
inflation is severely damaging publishing in
lion fewer readers than before World War II.
Latin America. (For example, low-salaried re-
Western Europe still has considerable free-
porters must hold two or more jobs.) Concern-
dom of the press, although it has diminished
ing freedom of the press, political instability has
there as it has in other parts of the world. How-
spawned authoritarian military regimes that se-
ever, western European newspapers are virtually
verely limit what a newspaper may print. How-
unrestrained by government when compared
ever, in spite of these difficulties, newspapers in
with those of eastern Europe, where leading dai-
Latin America enjoy sizable circulations.
lies, such as Izvestia and Pravda (USSR), Borba
The main language of Latin American news-
and Politika (Yugoslavia), Neues Deutschland
papers is Spanish; the second is Portuguese,
(East Germany), Rude Pravo (Czechoslovakia),
used in Brazil. Among the region's leading dai-
Nepszabadsag (Hungary), and Trybuna Ludu
lies are: La Prensa and La Nación (Argentina);
(Poland), operate with little editorial freedom.
Estado de S. Paulo and Jornal do Brasil (Bra-
Typical of the Communist-bloc newspapers
zil); El Mercurio (Chile); El Tiempo (Colombia);
are those of the Soviet Union, which, in a sense,
El Comercio and La Prensa (Peru); El Nacional
set the pattern for most of the newspapers of
(Venezuela); Granma (Cuba); and Excélsior and
eastern Europe. Pravda (circulation, 10.5 mil-
Novedades (Mexico).
lion), the daily organ of the Communist party,
Europe. Although problems beset publishing
and Izvestia (8.5 million), the main government
in Europe, no other area has such a wealth of
newspaper, have their counterparts in the other
vital, literate, well-informed, and cosmopolitan
Eastern-bloc countries. Many other large-
newspapers. Europeans are especially proud of
circulation dailies represent various segments of
such quality dailies as Neue Zuercher Zeitung
the Soviet society-for example, Krasnaya Zuez-
(Switzerland); Le Monde and Le Figaro (France);
da (the Army newspaper), Trud (labor), and Kom-
Sueddeutsche Zeitung, Frankfurter Allgemeine,
somolskaya Pravda (the youth league).
and Die Welt (West Germany); El País, ABC, and
Some 8,000 newspapers, with a total circula-
La Vanguardia Española (Spain); Il Corriere
tion of about 180 million, are published in the
della Sera (Italy); L'Osservatore Romano (Vati-
USSR, including more than 3,000 house organs
can); Svenska Dagbladet and Dagens Nyheter
(Sweden); Aftenposten (Norway); Berlingske Ti-
and collective-farm publications. Dailies are
dende (Denmark); Nieuw Rotterdamse Courant
small, of four to six pages, and many of the
(Netherlands); and the Times, Guardian, and
national dailies are printed simultaneously in 20
Daily Telegraph (Britain).
to 30 cities across the country.
Africa. In much of Africa, information is dis-
Among the excellent weekly newspapers are
the Observer (London), Die Zeit (Hamburg), and
seminated largely through oral messages. As a
Weltwoche (Zurich). Such newspapers are es-
result, newspapers generally have not fared well.
pecially strong in political and international
Most are small and struggling and are obliged to
news coverage.
mirror government policy, which is often chau-
vinistic in its anticolonialism. Black African
Monde characterized the newspaper situation in
In the mid-1970s, Paris' highly respected Le
newspapers face an array of political, social, and
the western Europe as a "malaise." Since most of
economic pressures, as well as geographical and
literacy problems. Another serious barrier to the
ing and high literary rates, why the concern? In
area has a long tradition of newspaper read-
viability of many newspapers is the multiplicity
dency toward newspaper concentration and the
Europe, Le Monde stated, there is a growing ten-
of dialects and languages.
South Africa and Egypt are the leading news-
paper countries. Important publications in the
282
NEWSPAPER
former include the Rand Daily Mail, Johannes-
ceeded only by the United States and the USSR
burg Star, and Die Burger; in the latter, Al
The major Japanese newspapers include Asahi
Ahram and Al Gomhouria. Among newspapers
Mainichi, and Yomiuri-the big three-andSa,
in other countries are the East African Standard
kei Shimbun. They publish both morning and
and Daily Nation (Kenya); Daily Graphic
evening editions seven days a week, and all have
(Ghana); and Daily Sketch, Daily Times, and Ni-
daily circulations of more than 4 million. The
gerian Tribune (Nigeria).
big newspapers also publish weekly and
Middle East. In the volatile Middle East,
monthly newspapers and, from time to time
newspapers are mainly viewed as arms of na-
magazines and books. In addition, the big three
tional policy and, in general, are tightly con-
put out special English-language dailies.
trolled by government. In Arab nations there
Japanese newspapers face almost no govern-
are two approaches toward the press. In Leba-
ment interference and are the only really free
non, Jordan, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia, newspa-
press newspapers in Asia. Even Japan's vigor-
pers are privately owned but under considerable
ous Communist party daily Akahata (Red Flag)
official pressure. In Syria and Iraq, as well as in
enjoys freedom from government pressure.
the North African countries of Egypt, Libya, and
The People's Republic of China, with a pop-
Algeria, newspapers have been nationalized and
ulation of nearly a billion, has an estimated 25
their number reduced. Licensing of newspapers
daily newspapers. The major newspaper cities
is common in most Middle Eastern countries.
are Peking, Shanghai, and Tientsin, where or-
Political and religious rivalries, prevalent in
gans of either the central government or the
the region for decades, are worsening, often turn-
regional government are published. China'
ing into military and paramilitary operations.
main newspapers, daily nationals, are Renmin
Frequent border raids could ignite more serious
Ribao (People's Daily), Guangming Bao, and Jie-
confrontations. Such unrest deeply affects
fang Jun Bao.
newspapers. They have almost no freedom,
Newspapers in India, by far the leading press
owing to an uncertain political climate, in which
nation of South Asia, are many and varied, with
national security is the foremost consideration.
about 12,000 newspapers and similar publica-
Certain generalizations can be made about
tions. There are some 520 dailies, with a total
the press in the Middle East. The primary pur-
circulation of 6.5 million.
pose of newspapers is to mold public opinion,
Of the dailies, approximately a fourth are
since newspapers are mainly political organs
English-language newspapers, accounting for
with a highly partisan bias; circulations are usu-
some 30% of the circulation. Among newspa-
ally small; professional standards are low, and
pers in Indian languages, those in Hindi, mostly
newspaper staffs are limited and poorly trained;
weeklies, with a total circulation of 4 million,
and freedom of the press is almost nonexistent.
outnumber those in any other language.
The press of Iran is typical of much of the
Among the leading dailies of India are the
Middle East. Its newspapers are small in format
English-language Indian Express, Statesman;
and poorly printed. There is no objective re-
Hindu, and Times of India; the Bengali Ananda
porting, and many reporters are on the govern-
Bazar Patrika; and the Hindi Vishwamitra and
ment payroll. Newspapers serve mainly as pro-
Nav Bharat Times. Most have circulations of
paganda organs, and the national news agency,
over 100,000. The Indian Express, published in
PARS, is a part of the government apparatus.
six cities, is the country's largest newspaper,
Newspapers in Israel, in spite of rather tight
with a total circulation of nearly half a million.
censorship and many economic problems, are
Ananda Bazar Patrika is the largest Indian-
the most vigorous in the Middle East. Reader-
language daily, with a circulation of about
ship is large, reflecting the country's high liter-
370,000.
acy rate and universal education. Israel has two
Among the most important dailies in other
dozen daily newspapers, with a total circulation
countries are the Straits Times (Singapore); Na-
of about a half million. The most important dai-
tion (Burma); Standard (Thailand); United Daily
lies (all national and all morning newspapers) are
News and Central Daily News (Taiwan); Orien-
Ha'aretz, Davar, Ma'ariv, Yediot Acharanot, and
tal Daily News (Hong Kong); Bulletin Today
the English-language Jerusalem Post. Most of
(Philippines); Dong-a-Ilbo (South Korea); and
the newspapers are published in Tel Aviv; four
Nhan Dan (Vietnam).
in Jerusalem. About half of the dailies are in
Australia and New Zealand. The newspapers of
"foreign" (non-Hebrew) languages.
Australia and New Zealand enjoy a high degree
Asia. Generally, the newspapers of Asia,
of press freedom and are generally vigorous;
where circulations seldom exceed 15,000, are
healthy, and well produced. Australia's major
small and rather crude in format and carry little
dailies include the Sun-News Pictorial and Her-
substantial news. They depend largely on gov-
ald of Melbourne and the Daily Telegraph, Sun,
ernment financial support, which is minimal. In
and Daily Mirror of Sydney. New Zealand's
Southeast Asia, particularly, editors are timid,
three biggest newspapers are in Auckland, the
and journalists are poorly trained and paid.
capital: the Auckland Star, New Zealand Herald,
The notable exception is Japan, the main
and Sunday News.
newspaper country in Asia, with numerous pub-
CONTENT AND OPERATIONS
lications of large format and huge circulations.
(Japanese households get an average of two
Content. Newspapers in non-Communist
newspapers every day). Technologically, Japan
countries normally devote from 35% to 60% of
is years ahead of the rest of Asia, having some of
their total space to editorial material of one kind
the world's best newspaper equipment and most
or another, with the remainder devoted to adver-
modern news buildings and facilities. Newspa-
tising. However, of the nonadvertising space,
pers are privately owned, and between 55% and
only about 40% is used for news stories. A typ-
60% of their income is from advertising.
ical American newspaper, for example, provides
Nearly 200 dailies are published in Japan,
its readers with such non-news items (although
with a total circulation of about 50 million, ex-
some are news-related) as photographs; editori-
DIRCK HALSTEAD/LIAISON
(Above) Reporters type copy on electronic terminals that
permit them to edit and correct as they write. (Right) Sub-
mitted copy is examined by editors, who prepare the final
version for typesetting.
als and essays; personal and syndicated columns;
letters to the editor; nonstaff contributions; news
analyses; comic strips and cartoons; book, film,
theater, and art reviews; crossword puzzles,
bridge and chess columns; weather reports; horo-
scopes; stock-market quotations; and recipes.
Newspapers published in Communist coun-
tries are far more serious in outlook and content.
They tend to be puritanical in the choice of
news, giving little or no attention to sensational
items like crimes and disasters. Usually they are
filled with official pronouncements, news of de-
velopment and progress, and stinging editorial
comment about the non-Communist world.
A typical American daily newspaper consists
of several departments. Among the most com-
mon are those related to general news, sports,
women's interests, editorials and comment col-
umns, features, business, the arts, religion, and,
*Conts
of course, advertising. Most larger dailies also
GAS TAX INCRE
carry special Sunday magazines of one type or
another. These may be their own magazines, or
TOM HOLLYMAN/PHOTO RESEARCHERS
they may be nationally distributed magazines-
for example, Family Weekly and Parade-
where soft music fills the air and reporters and
inserted in the local newspaper.
editors sit silently at electronic machines.
have made significant changes in technology and
Production. Newspapers in the United States
The change to offset printing took place in
the 1960's and 1970's. In the late 1950's fewer
production capacity. The outmoded "hot-metal"
than 200 newspapers in the United States were
printing systems, using Linotype machines and
produced by offset. By 1968 there were more
heavy printing plates cast from metal, have large-
than 5,000, and by 1980 an estimated 95% of
ly disappeared and are found only occasionally
American weeklies and a nearly equal number of
among smaller newspapers. Offset printing, us-
dailies were printed by offset.
ing "cold-type, or photographic-process compo-
Offset printing normally is used with the cold
sition, is the norm, marking the end of the "Gu-
type produced by phototypesetting. It is some-
tenberg era." As new kinds of typesetting and
times combined with hot-metal typesetting, how-
plants, newsrooms have changed from noisy, fre-
printing equipment are installed in newspaper
ever, since proofs of type set by Linotype can be
used in page paste-ups. The paste-ups are pho-
per netic arenas, in which typewriters clack and pa-
tographed, and a powerful arc light is shone
litters desks and floors, to carpeted areas,
through the negatives to burn the images into
highly sensitive but lightweight metal plates.
283
284
NEWSPAPER
These plates, which can be bent to fit the cir-
The cost of newsprint in the United States
cular units of a rotary printing press, are chemi-
has risen rapidly. Newsprint, which accounts
cally treated so that ink will adhere only to the
for some 30% of a newspaper's total operating
areas to be reproduced. The image, as the press
expenditures, more than doubled in price be.
turns, is transferred from the plate to a blanket
tween 1970 and 1980-from about $170 a ton to
roll and then to the moving web of paper. This
image transferral during the printing process
$380 a ton. Newspapers also spent mernization
dollars on plant
gives the term "offset" to the method.
and on new equipment.
In 1939 a small newspaper in Louisiana, the
Newspapers employ about a half million peo-
Opelousas Daily World, was the first to use the
ple, of whom approximately 30% are women.
offset method of printing. In 1968 the Sacra-
Because of technological advances, the number
mento Union, a Copley paper in California, dem-
of production (mechanical) employees decreased
onstrated that cold-type/offset production could
about 8% between 1960 and 1980.
be used effectively for large newspapers as well.
Trends in Ownership. High publishing costs
In the mid-1970's newspapers in other cities,
and other problems have led to a growing trend
including St. Louis, Memphis, St. Petersburg,
toward newspaper chains or groups in the United
and San Diego, converted to offset, and others
States and elsewhere. Joint operating agree-
soon followed their lead. By 1980 the Wall
ments between competing newspapers are also
Street Journal was using offset in most of its
increasing, as well as cross-media and conglom-
dozen printing facilities across the country, and
erate ownership.
the New York Times was using offset in its big
Fewer than 4% of American cities have com-
suburban printing plant in New Jersey.
peting newspapers, and more than half of the
Various highly sophisticated electronic ma-
dailies, accounting for two thirds of the circula-
chines are used in modern publishing. These
tion, are owned by newspaper groups. Many
include OCR's (optical character recognition de-
observers believe that the trend toward greater
vices, called scanners), VDT's (video display ter-
group ownership is generally unhealthy in a plu-
minals), and electric typewriters wired directly
ralistic society that cherishes a wide diversity of
to computers, the real "brains" of advanced
viewpoints and political perspectives.
newspaper production.
There are more than 50 newspaper groups in
The OCR scans copy (written material) that
the United States, which own about 1,000 dai-
has been typed on electric typewriters and trans-
lies, or more than 50% of all the newspapers pub-
fers it to perforated tape or electronic signals,
lished. Among the leading newspaper groups
which are fed into the computer for readying for
are Gannett, Thomson, Knight-Ridder, New-
phototypesetting. Programming instructions,
house, Dow Jones, Scripps-Howard, Times-
such as editorial changes and column widths, are
Mirror, Hearst, Cox, Freedom, and Harte-Hanks.
also fed into the computer.
HISTORY
VDT's—or CRT's (cathode-ray tubes), as they
are sometimes called-are connected to the
In a sense, the history of newspapers can be
newspaper computer. When operating a VDT,
traced to the earliest human efforts to communi-
the reporter or editor types copy on a keyboard,
cate by such crude devices as knotted cords and
as he would on an electric typewriter. As it is
notched sticks. In ancient Rome, handwritten
typed, the copy appears on a screen and can be
notices, called the Acta Diurna, Acta Senatus,
edited, with material added or deleted, before it
and Acta Publica, were posted to be read by the
is stored in the computer. The VDT's were de-
public. But it was not until the mid-15th cen-
veloped mainly in the 1970's, and by the 1980's
tury, when the German inventor Johann Guten-
were in wide use in American newspaper pro-
berg developed movable metal type and im-
duction. Other electronic techniques are in the
proved the quality of ink, that the newspaper as a
offing, including sophisticated electronic page
means of mass communication became possible.
makeup procedures, new plate-making technol-
Early European Newspapers. The Germans were
ogy, and plateless printing using ink-jet meth-
the pioneers of newspaper production in Europe.
ods.
In the second half of the 15th century, a number
Business. At the beginning of the 1980's the
of news-sheets, appearing at irregular intervals,
American newspapers were in good health eco-
were printed in Nuremberg, Cologne, and Augs-
nomically despite such problems as rising costs,
burg. These were probably the earliest forerun-
increased competition, and labor unrest. New
ners of newspapers as they are known today. In
technology aided in more efficient and less
the 16th and 17th centuries, newspapers prolifer-
costly operations.
ated in Germany.
In regard to advertising, revenues stood at
In the early 16th century, handwritten news-
$13 billion, more than the total of the entire
sheets were distributed in Venice. In 1562 a
broadcasting industry. Of all local advertising
printed news-sheet, the monthly Notizie Scritte,
revenues, newspapers' share was a little over
first appeared. The Notizie Scritte sold for a
half. Advertising rate increases and the decision
small coin called a gazetta, and it is probably
of advertisers not to retrench their competitive
from this source that "gazette," one of the words
efforts contributed to the healthy advertising cli-
for a newspaper, is derived.
mate.
The first newspaper, the Gazette de France,
Circulation, which accounts for about 30% of
was published in Paris in 1631. From the begin-
a newspaper's revenue, increased in the late
ning, the French press expressed strong political
1970's, when daily circulation stood at about 63
opinions. In addition, many persons of literary
million and weekly circulation at more than 40
note wrote for newspapers in France, adding an
million. The price of newspapers also in-
intellectual cast to the dissemination of news.
creased, and by 1980 most papers sold for 15
France also was the first country to produce
cents, and nearly 40% for 20 cents. However, for
newspapers for mass readership. For example,
the increased price, subscribers were receiving a
shortly after it was founded in 1836, Le Siècle
much larger package than ever before.
had a daily circulation of 38,000.
The Nieuwe Tijdingen was published in Ant-
werp, Belgium, as early as 1616. In Haarlem,
the Netherlands, the Courant first came out in
1656.
Printing was introduced in England in 1476,
but it was nearly a century and a half before
newspapers became part of the general scene.
To a degree, this was because civil unrest re-
stricted what could be printed, and government
licensing was required. There were a few ran-
dom publications, such as News out of Kent
(1561) and New News, containing a short Re-
hearsal of Stukelely's and Morris's Rebellion
(1579), but these were exceptional.
The first regularly published newspaper in
English was printed in Amsterdam in 1620.
Similar one-sheet newspapers appeared in Lon-
don the next year. These consisted of foreign
news, usually reprinted from Amsterdam and
Frankfurt publications.
In 1632, during the reign of Charles I, news-
sheets were banned in England and were not
restored until 1641, as part of the Long Parlia-
ment's efforts to limit the power of the king.
Newspapers then embarked on a new type of
reporting, coverage of the court and Parliament.
One such, published by John Thomas, was
Heads of severall proceedings in the present par-
liament, or Diurnal Occurrences. Both the roy-
alists and Parliament had journalistic mouth-
pieces.
With Restoration in 1660, newspapers were
DIRCK HALSTEAD/LIAISON
again restricted, and the only news published
Layout editors determine the placement of text and illus-
was in the Oxford Gazette (later the London
trations for the most effective page makeup.
Gazette), a twice-weekly government organ first
printed in 1665. The first daily newspaper was
his apprentice younger brother Benjamin. The
the Daily Courant, begun in 1702. In the mean-
Courant, antiroyalist, was the most literary of the
time, in 1695, Parliament discontinued licensing
early newspapers. Benjamin Franklin subse-
of newspapers, marking a major step in the evo-
lution of press freedom in England.
quently moved to Philadelphia, where he suc-
cessfully published the Pennsylvania Gazette.
The early part of the 18th century may be
Probably the most important event in the his-
regarded as a golden age in the history of English
tory of colonial American newspapers-and a
newspapers. Such literary lights as Defoe,
Swift, Fielding, and Samuel Johnson contributed
landmark in the struggle for freedom of the
press-was the trial of the New York printer
possibility
to newspapers. Addison and Steele, two of the
John Peter Zenger in 1735. In 1733, Zenger, a
great figures in the development of journalism,
Fm
published the Tatler from 1709 to 1711 and the
German immigrant, began publishing the New-
Spectator from 1711 to 1712. At one point, the
York Weekly Journal, which immediately ran
Spectator's daily circulation was about 10,000.
afoul of the royal governor. Twice the governor
American Newspapers. Although the English
tried to obtain grand jury indictments of Zenger
first settled in the New World in the early years
for seditious libel, but failed. Finally, he had
of the 17th century-1607 in Virginia and 1620
Zenger jailed on his own authority. In the trial
in Massachusetts-the first newspaper was not
that followed, Zenger's lawyer, Andrew Hamil-
published until 1690, when John Harris of Bos-
ton, argued that while Zenger had indeed print-
ton printed Publick Occurrences Both Forreign
ed material offensive to the governor, the materi-
and Domestick. A small, crudely printed news-
al was true and, therefore, not libelous. Zenger
for handwritten notes, Publick Occurrences was
paper of four pages, with the last page left blank
was acquitted by the jury, and the public came to
recognize the right to publish the truth.
announced as a monthly periodical. However, it
Most of the colonial newspapers were small
was suppressed after one issue because it was
in format, of four, six, or eight pages. Short
unlicensed and critical of public policy.
headlines (or labels) were scattered through the
Suppression was complete in the colonies,
pages, and there were only a few crude woodcut
and 14 years passed before another newspaper
illustrations. The newspapers usually included
essays on a variety of subjects; exchange items,
brought out in in in in i the Boston postmaster, John
This was the News-Letter,
mainly from England; and some local news and
advertising.
til erly licensed and continued to be published un-
1704. The News-Letter was prop-
During the Revolutionary War period, news-
papers represented both sides of the conflict. In
Revolution. Late in 1719,
Boston, as early as 1772, the Gazette and Massa-
And Mercury.
newspapers appeared, one in Bos-
chusetts Spy openly discussed the prospects of
one in Philadelphia-
war and independence. Prominent Tory news-
papers included the New York Gazetteer, one of
newspaper field, withe the New England Cou-
Franklins entered the
the best newspapers in the colonies, published
by James Rivington. Among the newspapers in
Boston by James Franklin and
Philadelphia were the Pennsylvania Chronicle
285
The first small, cheap newspapers were
lished in Boston, including the Transcript (1830) pub.
and Morning Post (1831). But it was in New
York City that the penny newspaper became
major force, beginning with the Sun in 1833
Chicago
Published by Benjamin Day, the Sun specialized
in crime stories, court news, human-interest
items, and similar material that would catch the
public's attention. Other newspapers followed
its lead, notably James Gordon Bennett's Herald
(1835), Horace Greeley's Tribune (1841), and
Henry J. Raymond's Times (1851).
Newspapers were also spreading across the
nation, following the rail lines and the postal
routes. Between 1830 and 1860, the number of
newspapers increased from about 1,200 to 3,000.
of which more than 300 were dailies.
After the Civil War, a new tendency was seen
in the American newspaper industry-the rise of
great newspaper chains. Three names dominate
this development: Joseph Pulitzer, Edward W.
Scripps, and William Randolph Hearst.
The most notorious development in American
journalism in the late 19th century was the race
between the New York World, owned by Pulit-
zer, and the Journal, owned by Hearst. In order
to attract readers (and, therefore, advertising)
these newspapers indulged in a sensationalism
that came to be called "yellow journalism.
It is believed that the Journal's biased reporting
of activities in Cuba contributed to the outbreak
of the Spanish-American War.
About 1914 the number of newspapers in the
United States reached a peak of more than
PAUL SEQUEIRA/PHOTO RESEARCHERS
15,000, both weeklies and dailies. After World
As newspapers come off the presses, they are taken by
War I, the total declined through closings, merg-
truck for distribution by delivery or newsstand sales.
ers, and consolidations, until by the late 20th
century the vast majority of newspaper markets
were served by only one newspaper, many of
and the Pennsylvania Journal. The Chronicle
which are a part of a chain or group.
printed John Dickinson's Letters from a Farmer
However, newspapers thrive, with increas-
in Pennsylvania in 1767-1768; the Journal, the
ingly larger "packages and growing responsibil-
first of Thomas Paine's Crisis papers, in 1776.
ity in regard to reporting and news analysis.
After the Revolution the press settled into a
Journalists continue to search for the proper
period of partisanship between the Federalists
blend between public and professional duty
and the Republicans, and national leaders turned
For a detailed discussion of contemporary
to newspapers to appeal directly to the people.
American newspapers, see above section on
It was in the Independent Journal of New York
Modern Newspapers-Newspapers in the United
that Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and
States.
John Jay published their Federalist Papers
JOHN C. MERRILL
(1787-1788) in support of the Constitution.
Louisiana State University
Hamilton's Federalist views subsequently were
Bibliography
given voice in the Gazette of the United States,
Brown, Charlene J., and others, The Media and the People
established in 1789 in New York. Also in New
(Holt 1978).
York two years later, with Philip Freneau as edi-
Compaine, Benjamin M., Future Directions of the Newspa-
per Industry: The 1980's and Beyond, 2 vols. (Knowl-
tor, the National Gazette was published to ex-
edge Industry Pub. 1977).
press Thomas Jefferson's Republicanism.
Emery, Edwin, and Emery, Michael, The Press and Amer-
The partisan press was loud and boisterous,
ica: An Interpretive History of the Mass Media, 4th ed.
(Prentice-Hall 1978).
and newspapers did not hesitate to stoop to
Gordon, George N., The Communications Revolutions: A
smears, lies, and gossip. Even Jefferson, for all
History of Mass Media in the United States (Hastings
his democratic sympathies, admitted that news-
House 1977).
Hynds, Ernest C., American Newspapers in the 1980s (Has-
papers were hardly reliable. Significantly, how-
tings House 1980).
ever, it was during this period, in 1791, that the
Kluger, Richard, The Paper: The Life and Death of the
Bill of Rights was ratified, laying the cornerstone
New York Herald Tribune (Knopf 1986).
LeBrie, H. G., III, The Black Newspaper in America: A
for freedom of the press in the United States.
Guide, 3d ed. (Mercer Univ. Press 1973).
The years between 1830 and 1860 are known
Lister, Hal, The Suburban Press: A Separate Journalism
as the penny press" period of American journal-
(Lucas Pub. 1975).
Merrill, John C., and Fisher, Hal, The World's Great
ism. This was the era in which newspapers be-
Dailies: Profiles of Fifty Newspapers (Hastings House
came truly "news" publications and developed
1980).
circulations that assured their continuity and in-
Rucker, Bryce W., The First Freedom (Southern III. Univ.
Press 1968).
dependence. With westward expansion and
Tebbel, John, The Compact History of the American News-
more widespread literacy, newspapers changed
paper, rev. ed. (Hawthorn Bks. 1969).
to meet the challenges of a nation that believed
Wynar, Lubomyr, and Wynar, Anna, Encyclopedic Direc-
itself possessed of a "manifest destiny."
tory of Ethnic Newspapers and Periodicals in the United
States, 2d ed. (Libraries Unlimited 1976).
286
VOLUME 20
Navajo to Opium
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA
AMERICANA
INTERNATIONAL EDITION
COMPLETE IN THIRTY VOLUMES
FIRST PUBLISHED IN 1829
GROLIER INCORPORATED
International Headquarters: Danbury, Connecticut 06816
426
FAMOUS FIRST FACTS
The First
The First
NEWS DISPATCH BY CABLE. See under Cable
College daily was the Yale News, which was
(telegraph)
published in New Haven, Conn., on January 28,
NEWS DISPATCH BY TELEGRAPH. See under
1878. In that issue it was stated that the paper
Telegram
would be published daily during the college term.
NEWS DISPATCH BY TELEPHONE. See under
Colored comic section. See Newspaper Sunday
Telephone
comic section, below
NEWS PHOTOGRAPH. See Photograph
Composograph photograph in a newspaper was
published November 25, 1925, in the Evening
NEWSBOY was Barney Flaherty, a ten-year-old
Graphic, New York City. It purported to depict a
who answered the advertisement, "To the Unem-
scene in the private chambers of Justice Mor-
ployed-A number of steady men can find em-
schauser at White Plains, N.Y., showing Alice
ployment by vending this paper. A liberal
Jones and her husband, Leonard Kip Rhinelander.
discount is allowed to those who buy to sell
A model was used and the photograph was pasted
again," inserted in the New York Sun, New York
in true perspective to form a composite layout.
City, on September 4, 1833, by Benjamin Day, the
publisher.
Constitution of the United States first published
in a newspaper. See Constitution of the United
NEWSPAPER
States: Constitution of the United States was first
Abolition newspaper was the Philanthropist,
published in a newspaper
published and edited by Charles Osborn, which
appeared in Mount Pleasant, Ohio, on August 29,
Czech-language newspaper was the Slovan
1817. It published "An Appeal to Philanthropists"
Amerikansky, a small folio weekly sheet edited
by Benjamin Lundy, which is said by some to be
by Frank Korizek and first issued January 1, 1860,
the most powerful abolition appeal ever made.
in Racine, Wis. (Fanny S. Stone-Racine, Belle
(Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Soci-
City of the Lakes)
ety. Publications, Vol. 31)
Daily newspaper was the Pennsylvania Packet
and Daily Advertiser, published by David C.
American Indian newspaper was the Cherokee
Claypoole and John Dunlap in Philadelphia, Pa.,
Phoenix, a weekly newspaper in English and
which appeared September 21, 1784, as a daily. It
Cherokee published from February 21, 1828, to
sold for fourpence a copy. Previously, it had been
October 1835 in New Echota, Ga. (the capital of
the Pennsylvania Packet and General Advertiser,
the Cherokee nation). The Cherokee alphabet was
founded in 1771 as a weekly. The claim of being
invented by Sequoyah, son of Mastahangan. The
the first daily newspaper is also made for the
paper was edited by Elias Boudinot, a Cherokee
Pennsylvania Evening Post and Daily Advertiser,
who was educated at the foreign mission school
whose title was changed in 1783 from the Pennsyl-
in Cornwall, Conn., at the instance of the philan-
vania Evening Post and Public Advertiser. It origi-
thropist whose name he was allowed to adopt.
nally appeared on Tuesday, Thursday, and
(Frederick Webb Hodge-Handbook of American
Saturday as a triweekly from June 24, 1775, until
Indians)
January 7, 1779, when it became a semiweekly.
Arabic daily newspaper in the United States
Benjamin Towne was editor and publisher.
was Al-Hoda, founded February 22, 1898, in Phila-
Declaration of Independence first published in a
delphia, Pa., as a weekly by Naoum Anthony Mo-
newspaper. See under Declaration of Indepen-
karzel. On August 25, 1902, it started publication
dence
as a daily in New York City. Mokarzel was editor
in chief and owner until his death in 1932.
Democratic newspaper using the word "Demo-
cratic" in its title was the Philadelphia, Pa., Demo-
Black newspaper edited by blacks for blacks
cratic Press, published three times a week from
was Freedom's Journal, a four-page weekly pub-
March 27, 1807 until June 29, 1807, when it ap-
lished in New York City from March 16, 1827, to
peared as a daily, The Democratic Press for the
March 28, 1829, and edited by John Brown
Country. The editor was John Binns. (Pennsyl-
Russworm and Samuel E. Cornish. (Frederick Ger-
vania Historical Commission-A Checklist of
man Detweiler-The Negro Press in the United
Pennsylvania Newspapers)
States)
Editorial award of a Pulitzer Prize in journalism
Chinese daily newspaper was the Chung Sai
and letters was a $500 prize awarded on June 4,
Yat Po (The Chinese Western Daily Paper) of San
1917, to the New York Tribune for a May 7, 1916,
Francisco, Calif., the first issue of which appeared
editorial by Frank Herbert Simonds, which was
February 16, 1900. It was 15 by 22 inches and
published on the first anniversary of the sinking of
consisted of four pages. The founder of the paper
the Lusitania.
was Ng Poon Chew, Litt.D., who was the president
European edition of an American newspaper
and managing editor until his death, March 13,
was the Paris edition of the New York Herald,
1931.
published October 4, 1887. It consisted of four six-
FAMOUS FIRST FACTS
427
The First
The First
column pages, the last page being devoted to ad-
twice a week until October 18, 1904, when it
vertisements. (Al Laney-Paris Herald, The In-
became a daily.
credible Newspaper)
Illustrated daily newspaper was the New York
French daily newspaper was the Courrier Fran-
Daily Graphic, an illustrated evening newspaper
çais of Philadelphia, Pa., established April 15,
that sold for 5 cents a copy. It was issued March
1794. It became a triweekly August 24, 1795, but
4, 1873, from 41 Park Place, New York City, and
was restored to a daily October 26, 1795. It was
consisted of 8 pages printed by chromolithogra-
discontinued July 3, 1798.
phy using zinc plates.
French daily newspaper (successful) was the
Illustrated tabloid was the Illustrated Daily
Courrier des Etats Unis, which appeared June 10,
News of New York City, which appeared on June
1851, in New York City, with Paul Arpin as editor.
26, 1919. It was published by Robert Rutherford
It was originally started as a weekly by E. William
McCormick and Joseph Medill Patterson. (Willard
Hoskin, the founder and first editor, and the first
Grosvenor Bleyer-History of American Journal-
issue appeared March 1, 1828.
ism)
French newspaper was the Courier de l'Amé-
Index. See Newspaper index separately pub-
rique of Philadelphia, published from July 27,
lished
1784, to October 26, 1784.
Insurance service offered by a newspaper. See
German daily newspaper was the New Yorker
under Insurance
Staats-Zeitung published in New York City on
January 26, 1850. It had originally been a weekly
Italian newspaper was Il Progresso Italo-
paper, the first issue of which appeared December
Americano, issued in New York City in Septem-
24, 1834. The first editor was Gustav Adolf Neu-
ber 1880. The first owner and editor was Charles
Barsotti.
mann.
German newspaper was published on May 6,
Jointly published newspaper was issued Sep-
1732 by Benjamin Franklin in Philadelphia, Pa.,
tember 1923 during the newspaper strike and bore
and was entitled Philadelphische Zeitung. It was
on its masthead the names: New York American,
a small sheet printed in German, four pages, 61/2
New York Herald, The Journal of Commerce, The
by 9 inches, text in double columns and in Roman
Daily News, The Morning Telegraph, The New
type. He intended to issue the paper weekly when
York Times, The New York Tribune, The World,
300 subscribers were assured. The second issue
The New York Staats Zeitung, Il Progresso Italo,
appeared on Saturday, June 24, 1732. Christopher
and the Americand.
Sauer's German newspaper Der Hoch-Deutsch
Labor newspaper. See Labor paper
Pennsylvanische Geschichts-Schreiber, oder
Sammlung wichtiger Nachrichten aus dem Natur-
Large-type weekly for persons with impaired
und-Kirchen-Reich, "The High German Pennsyl-
vision was the New York Times Large Type
vania Recorder of Events or Collection of Impor-
Weekly, consisting of 28 pages, first published
tant News from the Kingdom of Nature and of the
March 6, 1967. It was printed in New York City in
Church," which is generally credited as the first
18-point type and was priced at $29 a year.
newspaper, was first published on August 20,
Line drawing of a current subject appeared in
1739. (Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Bi-
the New York Sun, New York City, on January 15,
ography. April 1902. "The First German Newspa-
1840, which issued a 4-page supplement with a
per in America")
drawing under the 5-column heading "Steamboat
Greek newspaper was the Atlantis, issued
Lexington Burnt!! One Hundred and Fifty Lives
March 3, 1894, from 2 Stone Street, New York City
Lost."
as a four-page weekly of tabloid size, and after-
wards two and three times a week. On January 3,
Livestock market paper. See Livestock market
1905, it became a full-sized four-page daily. It was
paper
the first Greek publication in America and the first
Mimeographed daily newspaper was the Kel-
publication in the world to use typesetting ma-
logg Daily Reminder, published July 25, 1923, by
chinery for the Greek alphabet. Its founder and
Eaton's Letter Shop, Kellogg, Idaho. The founder
first editor was Solon John Vlasto.
and first editor was Marson M. Eaton, Jr. The first
Hebrew newspaper was the Ha-Zofeh ba-Arez
issue was only one sheet printed on both sides.
ha-Hadashah published in New York City from
Newspaper was a broadside. One of the earli-
1871 to 1876.
est of the broadsides and in some ways the most
Hungarian daily newspaper was the Amerikai
important was The Present State of the New
Magyar Népszava, published October 18, 1904, in
English Affairs. It was published "to prevent false
New York City. Its founder and editor in chief was
reports" in 1689 by Samuel Green in Cambridge,
Geza David Berko. It was originally established in
Mass., and consisted of a single sheet printed in
March 1899 as a weekly, and then was issued
two columns, newspaper style, folio size, 8 by
428
FAMOUS FIRST FACTS
The First
The First
NEWSPAPER-Continued
and us too rashly inserted." This newspaper was
14 1/2 inches. (Isaiah Thomas-History of Printing
published in Philadelphia, Pa.
in America)
Newspaper page set by linotype was the New
Newspaper advertisement. See Advertisement:
York Daily Tribune, whose editorial page was set
Advertisement
by linotype on Saturday, July 3, 1886.
Newspaper advertisement printed on aluminum
Newspaper plant to install electricity was the
foil appeared in the Sentinel, Milwaukee, Wis., on
New York Times, New York City, which turned on
March 18, 1958. It was a lamination of Reynolds
the current on September 4, 1882. The current was
aluminum foil on one side and paper on the other.
supplied by the Edison Electric Illuminating Com-
The foil side was printed in seven colors at the
pany's central station, 257 Pearl Street, New York
gravure plant of the Reynolds Metal Company in
City. The editorial room had 27 electric lights, the
St. Louis, Mo., while the paper side was printed by
counting room 25. The composing rooms and the
the Sentinel in one color and black.
press room were equipped later.
Newspaper association was the American
Newspaper printed atop a mountain was
Newspaper Publishers Association, organized
Among The Clouds, a daily published by Henry
November 17, 1886, in Detroit, Mich. The call was
M. Burt during the summer at the old Summit
made by William Henry Brearley of the Detroit
House, Mount Washington, N.H. The first issue
News. The first convention was held February
was that of July 20, 1877. There were 8 pages,
16-17, 1887, in Rochester, N.Y., and was attended
approximately 9½ by 123/4 inches. Single copies
by 51 delegates.
were 10 cents; subscription for the season, $2.50.
Newspaper cartoon. See under Cartoon
Newspaper printed on a train was the Weekly
Herald, a single sheet printed on both sides, ap-
Newspaper color-page was in the New York
proximately 7 by 8 inches. It was issued by
Recorder, whose issue of Sunday, April 2, 1893,
Thomas Alva Edison and distributed on the train
carried a full-page advertisement of R.H. Macy,
between Port Huron and Detroit, Mich. The first
14th Street and 6th Avenue, New York City, on
known issue was dated Port Huron, Mich., Febru-
page 13, and showed a large star printed in red.
ary 3, 1862.
Newspa er colored supplement was issued by
Newspaper printed on bagasse newsprint
the New York City World Sunday, November 19,
(waste fiber left after grinding sugar cane) was the
1893, and consisted of a four-page section, the
Daily World of Opelousas, La., printed February
outside pages of which were printed in five colors.
11, 1954. Several test rolls were printed previous-
Two half-page drawings in color featured "A
ly.
Scene in Atlantic Gardens, Saturday Night," and
Newspaper printed on pine-pulp paper was the
"The Cathedral at Eleven O'Clock Mass." The in-
Soperton News, Soperton, Ga., of March 31, 1933,
side pages were printed in black.
a four-page, six-column newspaper. The pines
Newspaper daily railroad delivery service was
were grown in Treutlen County, Ga., and the
instituted by the Morning News of Dallas, Tex., on
paper was obtained from the Charles Holmes
October 1, 1885, when a special train was leased
Herty-Savannah Pulp and Paper Laboratory, now
on the Texas and Pacific Railway to carry news-
the Herty Foundation Laboratory.
papers from Dallas to Fort Worth, Texas.
Newspaper printed on pine-pulp paper in color
Newspaper delivery train was operated by the
was the News of Dallas, Tex., a daily, which
International Great Northern Railroad over the
printed a pine-paper edition March 31, 1937.
Galveston, Houston and Henderson Railroad, in
Newspaper printed on wood-pulp paper was
1883 to deliver the Galveston News to subscribers
the Boston Morning Journal of Boston, Mass., pub-
located between Galveston and Houston, Tex.
lished January 15, 1863. It was a four-page, eight-
The News paid $500 a month for the exclusive
column newspaper and sold for three cents a
lease of the train.
copy.
Newspaper editorial apology appeared in the
Newspaper published at sea was the illustrated
American Weekly Mercury of April 20, 1721. It
Atlantic Telegraph, printed on board the cable-
stated: "N.B. In our last week's Mercury [April 13]
laying Great Eastern, captained by James Ander-
No. 70, there is an account inserted from a private
son. It sold for five shillings for the series. Issues
Letter sent to Boston, dated the 20th of September
were published Saturday, July 29, 1865, August 5,
last, That the Government of Pennsilvania is Sur-
1865, and August 12, 1865. (Isabella Field Judson-
rendered to the Crown, etc. These are to give No-
Cyrus W. Field-His Life and Work)
tice that we have now Letters from London, of a
Newspaper published at sea (daily) to carry
later Date, by which we find that the said Report
world news was the Cunard Daily Bulletin,
concerning the Province of Pennsilvania is false
inaugurated by Guglielmo Marconi in October
and groundless and therefore was both by them
1902 on the S.S. Campania and the S.S. Lucania, at
FAMOUS FIRST FACTS
429
The First
The First
that time "the crack liners of the fleet." The news
ments. (George Emery Littlefield-Early Massa-
was obtained from the wireless stations at Pold-
chusetts Press)
hu, Cornwall, England, and Glace Bay, Canada.
Newspaper reproduced commercially and regu-
Newspaper published at sea (radio news ser-
larly by radio facsimile was the San Francisco
vice) was the Transatlantic Times, a four-page
edition of The Wall Street Journal, which had nor-
newspaper, which was issued on November 15,
mally been prepared by conventional methods.
1899, on board the American liner St. Paul, by
Experimental editions, not distributed to the pub-
Guglielmo Marconi and two engineers. It sold for
lic, first appeared on April 10, 1962. Regular daily
$1 a copy, and the proceeds were donated to the
operations began on May 28, 1962. Page proofs
Seamán's Fund. The news was obtained by wire-
were telecast to Riverside, Calif., by coaxial cable
less from the Needles Station, Isle of Wight.
through microwave circuits where they were
Newspaper published by soldiers in the field
photographed preparatory to etching on zinc
was the United States American Volunteer, pub-
plates.
lished May 21, 1861, at De Soto, Mo., by members
Newspaper room (library). See Library: Library
of Company A, Fifth Regiment, Missouri Volun-
newspaper room
teers, commanded by Captain Nelson Cole. The
issue consisted of a single page, the reverse being
Newspaper rotogravure sections were simulta-
the first page of the abandoned Jefferson County
neously instituted by seven newspapers on March
Herald.
29, 1914, when an eight-page supplement showing
Newspaper published on the Pacific Coast was
13 masterpieces of the Altman Collection in the
the Oregon Spectator, a semimonthly issued in
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City, was
included with the New York Times, the Boston
Oregon City, Oreg., February 5, 1846. Its slogan
was "Westward the star of empire takes its way."
Sun-Herald, the Philadelphia Public Ledger, the
The newspaper was published by the Oregon
Chicago Tribune, the Cleveland Plain Dealer, the
Printing Association and was nonpolitical. The
St. Louis Post-Dispatch, and the Kansas City Star.
first editor was Colonel William G. T'Vault. The
Newspaper serial story in an American news-
first California newspaper was the Californian,
paper appeared in Samuel Keimer's Pennsylvania
published August 15, 1846, in Monterey, Calif., by
Gazette in Philadelphia in 1729. It was entitled
Robert Semple and the Reverend Walter Colton.
"Religious Courtship" and was written by Daniel
(John B. Horner-Oregon History and Early Liter-
Defoe, author of Robinson Crusoe. It was reprint-
ature)
ed from his book of the same title published in
Newspaper published south of the Potomac
1722 in London.
River was the Virginia Gazette, containing "the
freshest advices both Foreign and Domestick." It
Newspaper (successful) was the Boston News-
was established by William Parks and began its
Letter, the first issue of which was dated April
regular publication in Williamsburg, Va., August
17-24, 1704. The editor was John Campbell, a New
5, 1736. It was a single sheet folded so as to have
England postmaster, who earned the distinction
four pages. The subscription price was fifteen
of being America's first vendor of news. It was
shillings a year.
printed by Bartholomew Green in a back room of
his home. The page size was 7½ by 12½ inches.
Newspaper published west of the Alleghenies
The text was set in small pica type. The paper was
was the Pittsburgh Gazette, which was first issued
without competition for 15 years and reached a
on July 29, 1786. It was founded by John Scull and
circulation of 300 copies.
Joseph Hall and was printed in a log house on the
Monongahela River, Pittsburgh, Pa. (Pittsburgh
Newspaper Sunday comic section was pub-
and the Pittsburgh Spirit-Pittsburgh Chamber of
lished by the New York World in 1893. The draw-
Commerce)
ings were made by Richard Felton Outcault and
depicted a humorous set of characters under the
Newspaper publisher was Benjamin Harris,
title of "Hogan's Alley." On November 18, 1894,
"the father of American newspapers." His paper,
the newspaper published the first of his six-box
Publick Occurrances, Both Foreign and Domestic,
cartoon series "The Origin of a New Species," and
issued from the London Coffee House, Boston,
later "The Yellow Kid." This was the first success-
Mass., was printed by R. Pierce, on September 25,
ful colored section.
1690. It was promptly suppressed because of cer-
tain "reflexions" distasteful to Governor Simon
Newspaper to appear on Sunday was the Sun-
Bradstreet of Massachusetts. Harris had intended
day Monitor, Baltimore, Md., published by Philip
to issue it monthly "or if any Glut of Occurrances
Edwards, which appeared December 18, 1796. It
happen, oftener," but only the one issue appeared.
consisted of four pages, 101/4 by 17 inches.
It was a one-sheet paper folded to present four
pages, containing news in double columns. The
Newspaper to be microfilmed. Check photo-
last page was blank. There were no advertise-
graphing device
430
FAMOUS FIRST FACTS
The First
The First
NEWSPAPER-Continued
Offset-printed daily newspaper that was suc-
Newspaper to insert an aluminum foil sheet to
cessful was the daily World of Opelousas, La.,
be used as a household wrapping was the Senti-
which began operations on December 24, 1939. It
nel, Milwaukee, Wis., whose April 2, 1957, issue
was printed on a sheet-fed offset press. John Rich-
contained an insert featuring an advertisement of
mond Thistlewaite was editor and publisher.
the Aluminum Corporation of America.
Penny daily newspaper was The Cent, which
Newspaper to microfilm its current issues. See
was published in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1830 by Dr.
under Microfilm
Christopher Columbus Conwell, but the first suc-
cessful penny paper was the New York Sun, pub-
Newspaper to microfilm its past issues. See
lished by Benjamin Henry Day, which appeared
under Microfilm
on September 3, 1833. (George Henry Payne-His-
Newspaper to operate a radio station was the
tory of Journalism in the United States)
News of Detroit, Mich., whose station WWJ, De-
Periodical on microfilm. See Microfilm: Maga-
troit, (as 8 MK) began operating on August 20,
zine on microfilm offered to subscribers
1920.
Political newspaper of national importance
Newspaper to use an airplane. See Aviation-
was the Gazette of the United States, the political
Airplane: Airplane used by a newspaper
organ of Alexander Hamilton, edited by John Fen-
Newspaper 12-page advertising supplement
no. The first issue appeared in New York City,
featured "The Christmas Store of A Million Gifts,"
April 15, 1789. When the government moved its
Gimbel Bros., Broadway and 33rd Street, New
headquarters to Philadelphia, the Gazette fol-
York City, issued as Section VI of the New York
lowed. The first issue printed in Philadelphia was
Times of December 7, 1913.
that of April 14, 1790. The New York Weekly Jour-
nal was established November 5, 1733, by John
Newspaper whose input was derived from a
Peter Zenger as a political organ to expose Gover-
communications satellite was the Wall Street
nor Cosby. Zenger was arrested and imprisoned
Journal, set in type at Chicopee, Mass., and sent
November 17, 1734, defended by Andrew Hamil-
to Orlando, Fla., via the Westar communications
ton, a Philadelphia lawyer, and acquitted. His
satellite at 3½ minutes per page. Dedication
newspaper is often termed the first political pa-
ceremonies for the new system were held Novem-
per. (Merritt Way Haynes-Student's History of
ber 20, 1978.
Printing)
Newspaper with a full page of woodcut engrav-
Pulitzer Prize award to a newspaper was pre-
ings was the Weekly Herald, New York City, of
sented June 5, 1918, to the New York Times at the
Saturday June 28, 1845, which printed 6 woodcuts
graduation ceremony at Columbia University,
depicting the grand funeral procession of Andrew
New York City.
Jackson.
Radio facsimile newspaper was transmitted by
Newspaper with an aviation section was the
KSTP, St. Paul, Minn., on December 17, 1937. It
Philadelphia, Pa. Inquirer, whose issue of June 7,
consisted of a roll of sensitized paper nearly five
1908, devoted 5 columns on page 2A to "News
inches wide, with perforations at the sides, which
from the Aeronautic Sphere." The heading was
issued from a receiving set.
later changed to "In Aeronautic Sphere."
Radio facsimile newspaper (daily) was trans-
Newspaper with an illustrated color-page was
mitted December 7, 1938, by the Post-Dispatch, St.
the New York World of Sunday, May 21, 1893.
Louis, Mo., over Station W9XZY on an ultra-high
One large sheet, printed in color and folded once,
frequency. Nine pages, each 8½ inches long, four
made up 4 pages. Page 29 showed a Walt McDou-
columns to a page, printed in seven-point type,
gall cartoon in color, "Broadway Cable Car Pos-
issued from a receiving set. About 15 minutes was
sibilities." Pages 30 and 31 were printed in black.
required to transmit each page.
Page 32 was a full-page color reproduction of a
painting of the Spanish ship The Santa Maria.
Religious weekly newspaper. See under Reli-
gious publication
Newspaper with perfumed advertising page
was issued March 25, 1937, by the Daily News,
Single copy delivered by a vending machine.
Washington, D.C. It contained a page advertise-
See Vending Machine: Newspaper vending ma-
ment of the Peoples Drug Stores featuring flowers.
chine to deliver a single copy
Newspaper wrappers. See under Postal service
Spanish newspaper was El Redactor, published
July 1, 1827, in New York City. The first editor was
Norwegian-American newspaper was Nordly-
Juan José de Lerena.
set ("The Northern Light"), first published July 29,
1847, in Muskego, Wis. James De Noon Reymert
Three-dimensional newspaper advertisement.
was the first editor.
See under Advertisement
FAMOUS FIRST FACTS
431
The First
The First
Trademark controversy involving a newspaper.
25, 1951, on which date Vice President Alben Wil-
See under Trademark lawsuit
liam Barkley called upon him to preside over the
U.S. Senate.
Transoceanic newspaper was the Daily Mail, a
weekly digest of the London, England, Daily Mail,
Newspaper reporter to receive a Pulitzer Prize
dated January 5, 1944. It was made up and edited
for newspaper reporting was Herbert Bayard
in London, microfilmed, and flown to New York
Swope of the New York World for his stories on
City, where it was enlarged and printed. It con-
the internal situation in the German Empire. The
tained 12 pages, 9 by 12 inches, four columns
award was announced by Columbia University,
wide.
New York City, on June 4, 1917.
Ukrainian daily newspaper was the Ukrainian
Daily News, established January 31, 1920, in New
NEWSPAPER SYNDICATE
York City. The first editor was M. Tkach.
Newspaper syndicate to supply articles, stories,
etc., was started on November 8, 1884, but was
Woman newspaper editor. See under Woman
postponed until November 15, 1884, by Samuel
Yiddish daily newspaper was the Yiddishes-
Sidney McClure of New York City, who organized
Tageblatt or Jewish Daily News, which was
the McClure Syndicate. Because the syndicate off-
founded in New York City in 1885 by Kasriel
ered larger payment than individual newspapers,
Hersch Sarasohn.
a better class of writers endeavored to write for
NEWSPAPER AUDIT
the daily press, their articles being syndicated
Newspaper circulation audit was made by a
throughout the country. (Samuel Sidney McClure
group of advertisers who organized the Associa-
-My Autobiography)
tion of American Advertisers to verify circulation
Press syndicate facsimile transmission. See
figures. On August 21, 1914, the Audit Bureau of
under Radio facsimile transmission
Circulations was formed in Chicago, III., with
headquarters in that city as a cooperative, non-
Syndication of newspaper material was at-
profit-making organization. Membership was
tempted by Moses Yale Beach of New York City,
composed of advertisers, advertising agencies,
who printed President John Tyler's message,
and publishers. Of the 25 directors, 4 were from
delivered December 7, 1841, to the second session
daily newspapers, 2 from magazines, 2 from busi-
of the 27th Congress. Sales were made to the Al-
ness papers, 2 from farm papers, 2 from advertis-
bany, N.Y., Advertiser; the Troy, N.Y., Whig; the
ing agencies, and 13 from among advertisers.
Salem, Mass., Gazette; the Boston, Mass., Times;
NEWSPAPER INDEX separately published was
etc. Each newspaper printed its own name in the
The Index to the New York Times for 1865, pub-
blank space provided for that purpose. (Alexand-
lished in 1866 by Henry J. Raymond & Company,
er Gurdon Abell-Life of John Tyler)
New York City. It contained 182 pages. Earlier
indexes had been printed primarily for staff use.
NEWSREEL. See under Motion picture
NEWSPAPER PREMIUM
NEWSREEL THEATER. See Theater
Newspaper premiums were offered by the New
York Recorder, New York City, whose issue of
NIAGARA FALLS
March 25, 1893, printed the first of a series of cou-
Person to cross Niagara Falls on a tightrope was
pons offering 17 by 25 inch color reproductions of
Jean Francois Gravelet, a Frenchman better
celebrated paintings. Ten different subjects were
known by his professional name, Emile Blondin,
offered, any one of which could be had for 20
whose first exhibition took place on June 30, 1859,
coupons. Coupons and bonus prizes were also off-
before a crowd of 5,000 people. Wearing pink
ered for ad insertions: a $10 goldpiece, 5 silver
tights and a spangled tunic of yellow silk, he
watches, and 10 plush ottomans. Similar coupons
crossed a cable about 2 inches in diameter strung
were also inserted in plug-cut tobacco packages
151 hundred feet high. A 1,100-foot rope was
by tobacco vendors.
stretched below the suspension bridge with a se-
NEWSPAPER PRINTING PRESS. See Printing
ries of parallel ropes alongside. In 1859 and 1860
press: High-speed newspaper printing and folding
Blondin gave a series of "ascensions." On August
machine
19, he carried a man on his back across the cable,
NEWSPAPER REPORTER
trundled over a loaded wheelbarrow, and walked
See also News correspondent
across in a sack. On July 14, 1859, dressed as an
ape, he pushed a wheelbarrow across. He usually
Newspaper reporter to become a U.S. senator
carried a long pole which aided him to balance
was [Arthur Edson] Blair Moody, Democrat, who
himself and which could also serve as a guard in
served the Washington Bureau of the Detroit
case he fell, since it would be supported by the
News for 18 years (1933-1951). He was appointed
parallel ropes and thus prevent him from falling
on April 23, 1951, by Governor Gerhard Mennen
into the river. (George Washington Holley-The
Williams of Michigan and was sworn in on April
Falls of Niagara)
JOSEPH NATHAN KANE
FAMOUS FIRST
FACTS
*
A Record of
First Happenings, Discoveries,
and Inventions in American
History * Fourth Edition
Expanded and Revised
The H.W. WILSON COMPANY New York 1981
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1ST STORY of Level 1 printed in FULL format.
Kansas City Business Journal;
Copyright Kansas City Business Journal Inc. 1991;
Business Dateline; Copyright (c) 1991 UMI/Data Courier
October 11, 1991
SECTION: Vol 10; No 4; Sec 1; Pg 11
LENGTH: 572 words
HEADLINE: Sun Chain Makes Bold Changes as Other Papers Hold Tight in Recession
BYLINE: Lola Butcher
DATELINE: Shawnee; KS; US
BODY:
At a time when most newspapers are hunkering down to survive the recession,
Sun Publications in Johnson County is taking a different approach. The company
recently redesigned its newspapers, added several staff members and restructured
its advertising rates.
Publisher Steve Rose said the moves were spurred by the economy, which has
prompted advertising-sales declines for the Sun chain.
The changes are designed to improve local news coverage for Johnson County hit hard
shared by many newspaper publishers, most of whom have been hit hard by the by recession
readers and, in turn, to increase advertising sales. The latter goal is one
recession.
"I think all newspapers, suburban or metro, have taken some pretty big hits
this year,' Rose said. "I don't think any of us can walk away from this
unscathed."
double
layoffs
Around the country, newspaper publishers are reporting double-digit
digit
declines in advertising revenue, prompting budget cuts and layoffs at such media
giants as The New York Times and the Washington Post.
checks
ad
pev.
al
In general, Kansas City-area newspapers are thought to have been hurt less
than those than in many other cities. On the other hand, Rose said this
recession has hit Johnson County's service-based economy hard, prompting sharp
declines in help-wanted advertising, automobile advertising and real estate
advertising.
"I've been in the business nearly 20 years and have seen several recessions,
and this one is probably more dramatic in its impact on Johnson County than any
other," Rose said.
The recession is also being felt in eastern Jackson County, where The
Examiner in Independence is reporting a 7 percent advertising-revenue decrease
compared to last year.
"Of all the papers in the Stauffer Communications chain, we and the Blue
Springs Examiner are the only ones that are above their budgets, and that's
strictly because of expense cutting," publisher Ben Weir said.
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Kansas City Business Journal (c) 1991 UMI/Data Courier
The Examiner laid off 10 percent of its staff members earlier this year.
The Examiner and the Blue Springs Examiner spent $ 200,000 on a redesign,
new equipment and a major promotional campaign last year, but Weir said their
success at significantly increasing circulation was short-lived.
At the Sun Publications, the twice-weekly newspapers, which are free, are
sporting a new typeface and a new layout, but Rose said the redesign was
less significant than the editorial repositioning of the papers.
The newspapers are being published under nine separate flags--The Overland
Park Sun, Lenexa Sun, Shawnee-Merriam Sun, Prairie Village Sun, Leawood Sun,
Northeast Johnson County Sun, Blue Valley Sun, Olathe Sun and the mailed
edition, The Johnson County Sun--as a way of demonstrating a renewed emphasis on
coverage of individual communities.
The idea is to increase readership which, in turn, makes the newspapers more
attractive to advertisers. To beef up local coverage, Rose said reporters are
being asked to get more involved in the specific communities they cover.
"Our reporters are now in effect editors," he said. "We expect them to be
involved in Rotary Club and Kiwanis and whatever else is going on."
Rose said the firm added four salespeople, two composing-room employees, two
editorial staff members and several news stringers.
Additionally, the newspapers' advertising zoning program has been altered to
allow advertisers to target specific communities. Some new, lower-rate spaces
have been created to attract smaller advertisers.
SUBJECT: Publishing industry; Market strategy; Midwest
GEOGRAPHIC: Midwest Region; Kansas City; MO; US
COMPANY: Sun Publications; DUNS: 06-271-3615; SIC: 2711
LOAD-DATE-MDC: January 10, 1992
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2ND STORY of Level 1 printed in FULL format.
Boston Business Journal;
Copyright P & L Publications Inc. 1990;
Business Dateline; Copyright (c) 1990 UMI/Data Courier
April 9, 1990
SECTION: Vol 10; No 7; Sec 1; Pg
1
LENGTH: 1115 words
HEADLINE: Reorganization of Metro Weekly Divides Staffers
BYLINE: Diane Kadzis
DATELINE: Newton; MA; US
BODY:
One year after buying out arch competitor NewsWest, Tabloid Newspaper
Publishers Inc. of Newton is restructuring its operations - a move that is
expected to fan a round of competition over jobs within the publishing company
itself.
Tabloid Newspaper, which publishes 14 editions of The Weekly Tab in Boston,
Cambridge and metro west markets, is undergoing a reorganization designed to
streamline and update the way the newspapers are produced. Not more than five
positions are expected to be eliminated when the reorganization swings into full
gear April 30.
But about 65 of the Tab's more than 170 employees will have to compete with
each other to fill new jobs that will replace old positions. Top management at
the Tab is calling the reorganization perestroika. Staffers are likening it to
Lithuania.
Publications of all varieties are reeling from an acute slump in advertising.
Although other newspapers and magazines are tightening the reins on spending
and, in some cases, reducing staff as a result of declining revenues, such is
not the case with the Tabs, said newly-appointed editor John Wilpers, who has
reorganized newspapers for the large Ingersoll Publications chain and, more
recently, for the daily Bridgeport Post-Telegram in Connecticut.
Wilpers has already hired an investigative reporter and a "writing coach"
from the Bridgeport Post-Telegram, as well as two other reporters. And, as
Wilpers noted, talent from a daily like the Post-Telegram does not come cheap.
"This has nothing to do with retrenchment. I would do this reorganization in
1985 during the boom years, or today," he said.
On the revenue side, Tab publisher Russel Pergament said advertising business
at the Tabs is flat. Ad revenues so far this year are within one percent of last
year's mark, he said, and ad density remains at around 65 percent.
Enhanced placement
A redesign of the Tabs last fall enhanced placement of ads and, according
to one staffer, increased the actual size of display ads, allowing the papers
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Boston Business Journal (c) 1990 UMI/Data Courier
to increase rates. And Pergament's got some further revenue-generating surprises
up his sleeve. "If this recession doesn't get any worse, we can probably start
two new Tabs in the fall," he said.
The Tab chain is in its 10th year, and has held fast to a metro west market
that, while a fertile advertising ground, has grown increasingly competitive.
Last March, Tabloid Newspaper eliminated some of its stiffest competitors by
acquiring the five-newspaper NewsWest chain from Carlin Publishing.
That move did two things for the Tabs: it ended a long war over advertising
rates while narrowing the paper's competition to the Middlesex News and The
Boston Globe's West Weekly (neither of which is said to be prospering in the
Tab's backyard). It also freed up the Tab to take a hard look at itself and do
some soul-searching about the future.
Dumping duplication
What the publishing company found was a good deal of duplication that
confounded production of the 14 Tabs, said Pergament and Wilpers. Major
production foul-ups were not uncommon as a result of an inefficient company
structure that placed decisions in the hands of too many people, none of whom
were in the editorial department.
Hence the reorganization, the specifics of which are expected to be finalized
this week. In general, the move will put production decisions in the hands of
the news department. Wilpers said old positions in production, typesetting and
art direction will be replaced with new positions, such as copy editors and
layout artists. A Macintosh computer system will be the technical backbone of
the new setup.
"We are no longer a mom-and-pop weekly. We are an influential newspaper group
in Boston," Wilpers said. "It sounds crazy, but we want to win a Pulitzer.
H
While the people who work at the Tabs share the aims of management, many are
anxious and angry over the way change is taking place.
The main points of contention are the competition with fellow workers for new
posts and the phasing out of positions for which they have already been asked to
set goals.
In the weeks prior to Wilpers' appointment as Tab editor last month, the
first part of a three-step restructuring process began when the Tab enlisted The
Catlin Group as management consultants. The Catlin Group, headed by Katherine
Catlin, specializes in what some might call new age psychology -- exploration of
hidden potential in individuals for the greater good of the company, or
something like that.
About one month ago, Tab staffers retreated to a hotel in Needham where,
sources say, they received the Catlin treatment. On a personal level, the Catlin
program examined the four selves within each Tab staffer: their public, blind,
hidden and unknown selves. On a professional level, staffers established a
mission to provide direction for the Tab papers.
A draft mission statement, a corporate creed of sorts, emphasized
partnerships as the key to success -- partnerships within the Tab organization
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Boston Business Journal (c) 1990 UMI/Data Courier
and with readers and advertisers. "Embracing our values of equality, personal
growth, creativity and courtesy, our partnership will flourish for everyone and
enable us to expand our company while publishing the finest weekly newspapers in
the US," the mission statement reads.
Translated, that means the Tabs want to grow in size and stature, Wilpers
said.
Employee surplus
The mission statement is management's way of going on the record to say that
people within the company have input into how the Tab is run, he said.
As the logistics of the reorganization came in to focus, however, it became
clear that not all employees would be around to carry out The Tab Mission that
they helped to craft, or at least their departments would not be around. Now,
staff members are wondering if boxing gloves will be provided to candidates for
positions that will be created in the restructuring.
Personal interviews that Wilpers is conducting with staff members, which
Wilpers said are geared to letting people voice gripes that they want addressed,
have also put the staff on guard. Staffers are suspicious that the new editor is
sizing them up and collecting information that might come back to haunt them
during the changes. As one Tab employee put it, "People are cracking up."
Wilpers responds that corporate change is unsettling. While it's valid for
staffers to feel frustrated over drafting mission statements for lame-duck
departments, the Catlin seminars and interviews are all part of the Tab's open
policy of giving workers a say in their newspapers. That's a policy that also
prolongs the actual implementation of changes, Wilpers said, and the
uncertainty that always accompanies change.
SUBJECT: Publishing industry; Newspapers; Corporate reorganization; Personnel
management; Production planning; New England
GEOGRAPHIC: New England Region; Boston; MA; US
COMPANY: Tabloid Newspapers Inc; SIC: 2711
LOAD-DATE-MDC: June 13, 1990
mention recent
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2ND STORY of Level 1 printed in FULL format.
Copyright 1992 States News Service
States News Service
April 24, 1992, Friday
LENGTH: 895 words
HEADLINE: Texas battle could impact on Chicago media
BYLINE: By Will Dunham, States News Service
DATELINE: WASHINGTON
KEYWORD: newspapers
BODY:
Legislation born out of a battle between a Texas congressman and his hometown
newspaper could force the breakup of television stations and newspapers
operating under common ownership in the same market.
Rep. John Bryant, D-Texas, said he plans to offer an amendment to a pending
cable television bill that would take aim at jointly owned commercial television
and newspaper companies that operate in the same city. Bryant's amendment would
deprive such television stations of two critical benefits accorded to all other
stations under the cable bill.
Chicago television station WGN, owned by the Chicago Tribune, would be
affected by the amendment.
"We have a situation in which fewer and fewer people are controlling what
everybody reads and hears and sees," Bryant said. "I'm trying to force the
scrutiny of the growing consolidation of ownership of media assets in the hands
of a very few people."
The amendment would target Dallas television station WFAA and the Dallas
Morning News, both owned by the A.H. Belo Corp.
According to the American Newspaper Publishers Association, which
[
represents some 1,600 U.S. daily newspapers, 20 other television stations in
so-called "cross-ownership" situations with newspapers would be affected. In
addition to WGN, other prominent stations that would be impacted by the
amendment include KRON in San Francisco and WSB in Atlanta.
Last Dec. 8, Belo officials announced they had purchased the assets of the
Dallas Times Herald for $55 million and ceased publication of the longtime
Morning News rival.
In a reversal of the usual relationship between public official and the
press, Bryant's tiff with the Morning News and Belo stems from their refusal to
supply him with information about the transaction. Although the deal was
approved by the Justice Department, Bryant believes it may have violated federal
antitrust laws. The Morning News is now only daily newspaper serving the city.
Bryant is hestitant to say his amendment is intended as retaliation against
the Morning News for stonewalling him.
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9
States News Service, April 24, 1992
"The word retaliating is slightly inaccurate," Bryant said. "I'm rattling my
sabre - that's a better way to say it, or my little pen knife. I've been very
frank about that. That's not a hidden thing."
Bryant said he is baffled as to why Belo and the Morning News have refused to
give him information, saying "they have nothing to fear, except criticism,
perhaps."
"Nothing could be done now. How could you resurrect the Times Herald?"
Bryant added. "But, by God, they ought to step up like men and show us what
happened."
Jodie Pogue, spokeswoman for Belo, said, "I don't think we want to (respond)
in this particular case and through this particular medium. So we're just going
to have to pass. I'm sorry."
Another Texas lawmaker, Rep. Joe Barton, R-Texas, said Belo representatives
contacted his staff to tip him off about the Bryant amendment. Barton, Bryant's
colleague on the House Energy and Commerce Committee, said he agreed with Belo's
opposition to the amendment. He Vowed to lead the fight against it when the
committee considers the cable bill in the next few weeks.
"In my opinion, there is no justifiable reason to have the amendment," Barton
said.
"I agree with John's general premise that the marketplace was better served
having two daily papers in it than one," Barton added. "But if you look around
the country, there are not many metropolitan areas that still have two large
daily newspapers."
Barton complains that Bryant's amendment couples two unrelated issues:
whether television stations should have the right to charge a cable company for
retransmitting its signal and whether cross-ownership should be allowed to
exist. Who owns the station is "immaterial" to whether a cable company should
pay for the station's signal, he said.
The cable bill would force cable operators to carry the signal of every local
broadcast station - the so-called "must-carry" provision. But Bryant's
amendment would give cable companies the right to refuse to carry the signal of
any television station involved in newspaper cross-ownership arrangements.
Bryant's amendment also would prevent the jointly owned television stations
from collecting fees from cable companies for retransmitting the station's
signal. The cable bill would give all broadcast stations the right charge cable
companies for retransmission of the signal. Under current law, cable companies
do not have to seek consent for the right to retransmit broadcast signals.
In 1975, the Federal Communications Commission, concerned over a
concentration of media outlets, barred future cross-ownership arrangements
between television stations and newspapers in the same market. A grandfather
clause, however, allowed most existing cross-ownership situations to continue.
While Bryant's amendment does not order divestiture, media executives believe it
probably would force breakups by harshly penalizing these arrangements.
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PAGE 10
States News Service, April 24, 1992
Bryant was evasive when asked whether he wanted to force such divestitures,
saying he would like to see "a decentralization of ownership" of media outlets.
However, Bryant's own prepared written remarks on his amendment state, "I want
to take this opportunity to force a divestiture of the existing grandfathered
situations such as that I find in my hometown of Dallas
II
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PAGE 11
2ND STORY of Level 1 printed in FULL format.
Copyright 1992 States News Service
States News Service
April 24, 1992, Friday
LENGTH: 895 words
HEADLINE: Texas battle could impact on Chicago media
BYLINE: By Will Dunham, States News Service
DATELINE: WASHINGTON
KEYWORD: newspapers
BODY:
Legislation born out of a battle between a Texas congressman and his hometown
newspaper could force the breakup of television stations and newspapers
operating under common ownership in the same market.
Rep. John Bryant, D-Texas, said he plans to offer an amendment to a pending
cable television bill that would take aim at jointly owned commercial television
and newspaper companies that operate in the same city. Bryant's amendment would
deprive such television stations of two critical benefits accorded to all other
stations under the cable bill.
Chicago television station WGN, owned by the Chicago Tribune, would be
affected by the amendment.
"We have a situation in which fewer and fewer people are controlling what
everybody reads and hears and sees," Bryant said. "I'm trying to force the
scrutiny of the growing consolidation of ownership of media assets in the hands
of a very few people."
The amendment would target Dallas television station WFAA and the Dallas
Morning News, both owned by the A.H. Belo Corp.
According to the American Newspaper Publishers Association, which
represents some 1,600 U.S. daily newspapers, 20 other television stations in
so-called "cross-ownership" situations with newspapers would be affected. In
addition to WGN, other prominent stations that would be impacted by the
amendment include KRON in San Francisco and WSB in Atlanta.
Last Dec. 8, Belo officials announced they had purchased the assets of the
Dallas Times Herald for $55 million and ceased publication of the longtime
Morning News rival.
In a reversal of the usual relationship between public official and the
press, Bryant's tiff with the Morning News and Belo stems from their refusal to
supply him with information about the transaction. Although the deal was
approved by the Justice Department, Bryant believes it may have violated federal
antitrust laws. The Morning News is now only daily newspaper serving the city.
Bryant is hestitant to say his amendment is intended as retaliation against
the Morning News for stonewalling him.
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PAGE 12
States News Service, April 24, 1992
"The word retaliating is slightly inaccurate," Bryant said. "I'm rattling my
sabre -- that's a better way to say it, or my little pen knife. I've been very
frank about that. That's not a hidden thing."
Bryant said he is baffled as to why Belo and the Morning News have refused to
give him information, saying "they have nothing to fear, except criticism,
perhaps."
"Nothing could be done now. How could you resurrect the Times Herald?"
Bryant added. "But, by God, they ought to step up like men and show us what
happened."
Jodie Pogue, spokeswoman for Belo, said, "I don't think we want to (respond)
in this particular case and through this particular medium. So we're just going
to have to pass. I'm sorry."
Another Texas lawmaker, Rep. Joe Barton, R-Texas, said Belo representatives
contacted his staff to tip him off about the Bryant amendment. Barton, Bryant's
colleague on the House Energy and Commerce Committee, said he agreed with Belo's
opposition to the amendment. He vowed to lead the fight against it when the
committee considers the cable bill in the next few weeks.
"In my opinion, there is no justifiable reason to have the amendment," Barton
said.
"I agree with John's general premise that the marketplace was better served
having two daily papers in it than one," Barton added. "But if you look around
the country, there are not many metropolitan areas that still have two large
daily newspapers."
Barton complains that Bryant's amendment couples two unrelated issues:
whether television stations should have the right to charge a cable company for
retransmitting its signal and whether cross-ownership should be allowed to
exist. Who owns the station is "immaterial" to whether a cable company should
pay for the station's signal, he said.
The cable bill would force cable operators to carry the signal of every local
broadcast station - the so-called "must-carry" provision. But Bryant's
amendment would give cable companies the right to refuse to carry the signal of
any television station involved in newspaper cross-ownership arrangements.
Bryant's amendment also would prevent the jointly owned television stations
from collecting fees from cable companies for retransmitting the station's
signal. The cable bill would give all broadcast stations the right charge cable
companies for retransmission of the signal. Under current law, cable companies
do not have to seek consent for the right to retransmit broadcast signals.
In 1975, the Federal Communications Commission, concerned over a
concentration of media outlets, barred future cross-ownership arrangements
between television stations and newspapers in the same market. A grandfather
clause, however, allowed most existing cross-ownership situations to continue.
While Bryant's amendment does not order divestiture, media executives believe it
probably would force breakups by harshly penalizing these arrangements.
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PAGE 13
States News Service, April 24, 1992
Bryant was evasive when asked whether he wanted to force such divestitures,
saying he would like to see "a decentralization of ownership" of media outlets.
However, Bryant's own prepared written remarks on his amendment state, "I want
to take this opportunity to force a divestiture of the existing grandfathered
situations such as that I find in my hometown of Dallas
=
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PAGE 14
4TH STORY of Level 1 printed in FULL format.
Copyright 1992 The Washington Post
The Washington Post
April 22, 1992, Wednesday, Final Edition
SECTION: METRO; PAGE D4; OBITUARIES
LENGTH: 747 words
HEADLINE: DEATHS
SERIES: Occasional
BODY:
WILLIAM H. COWLES III.
Newspaper Publisher
William H. Cowles III, 60, a past chairman of the American Newspaper
Publishers Association who had served on the Associated Press board of
directors, died April 18 at a hospital in Spokane, Wash., after a heart attack.
He was stricken while jogging near his home.
He was president of the Spokesman-Review and Spokane Chronicle newspapers. He
also had been publisher for the last 22 years, a title held previously by his
father and grandfather.
Mr. Cowles, a Navy veteran, was a 1953 graduate of Yale University and a 1959
graduate of Harvard University Law School. He was a director of Landmark
Communications, the Seattle Times Co. and Allied Daily Newspapers.
GIAN C. WICK.
Physicist
Gian Carlo Wick, 82, a physicist who developed a widely used mathematical
formula that bears his name and who had taught at Columbia University from 1958
to 1978, died of cancer April 20 in his native Turin, Italy.
He began his career in the 1930s working with Nobel laureate Enrico Fermi.
Among the many advances attributed to him was the development in 1951 of a
mathematical system for quantum electrodynamics that became a basic tool in all
branches of theoretical physics. It is known as the Wick Theorem.
Dr. Wick came to the United States in 1946 and taught at the University of
Notre Dame, the University of California at Berkeley and the Carnegie Institute
of Technology. He also worked at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton,
N.J., and the Brookhaven National Laboratory. After retiring from Columbia, he
returned to Italy to teach in Pisa.
JOHNNY SHINES.
'Delta Blues' Musician
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The Washington Post, April 22, 1992
Johnny Shines, 76, one of the last of the original "Delta blues" guitarists
and singers who was nominated for a Grammy Award in 1980 for "Hangin' On," a
recording with Robert Junior Lockwood, died April 20 at a hospital in
Tuscaloosa, Ala. He had a circulatory ailment.
A native of Frayser, Tenn., he spent much of his youth in Mississippi playing
acoustic blues with such legendary musicians as Robert Johnson. He moved to
Chicago and became a mainstay on the electric blues scene, playing on dozens of
records under his name and as a sideman to other blues musicians. By the late
1950s, however, Mr. Shines was working as a laborer. In the mid-1960s, he began
playing at festivals here and abroad.
VLADIMIR KIRILLOVICH ROMANOV.
Russian Grand Duke
Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich Romanov, 74, who claimed to be the successor
to the Russian throne, died April 21 at a hospital in Miami. The cause of death
was not reported.
A resident of Paris, he was in this country on a speaking engagement at the
time of his death. He was born in Finland in 1917 and had been living in Paris.
The grand duke's father was Kirill Vladimirovich Romanov, cousin of the last
czar, Nicholas II.
MORRIS J. LEIBMAN.
Chicago Lawyer
Morris J. Leibman, 81, a senior partner in the Chicago law firm of Sidley &
Austin and a 1981 recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, died of cancer
April 21 at a hospital in Chicago.
He had been a founder and member of the executive board of the Center for
Strategic and International Studies, a trustee of the Freedoms Foundation and a
past chairman of the American Bar Association's standing committee on law and
national security. He also had done work for the State and Army departments.
MOLLY CLOWES.
Kentucky Editor
Molly Clowes, 86, who as editorial page editor of the Louisville
Courier-Journal from 1966 to 1971 is believed to have been the first woman to
hold that post on a major U.S. newspaper, died of congestive heart failure April
19 in Louisville.
She was a reporter for the Louisville Herald-Post until 1936, when it closed.
She then joined the Courier-Journal. In 1941, she became a full-time editorial
writer, a post she held until 1966, when Barry Bingham Sr. named her editor of
the editorial page.
PRINCE TEYMURAZ BAGRATION.
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PAGE 16
The Washington Post, April 22, 1992
Relief Official
Prince Teymuraz Bagration, 79, an international relief official who had
escaped the Russian Revolution and fought in World War II, died April 10 in New
York after a heart attack.
He was a great-great-grandson of Russia's Czar Nicholas I and a 1935 graduate
of the Royal Yugoslav Military Academy. He served during World War II in the
Yugoslav Light Royal Grand Artillery. He later joined the Tolstoy Foundation,
moving to its New York office in 1949. At the time of his death, he was the
foundation's president.
TYPE: OBITUARY
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PAGE 17
17TH STORY of Level 1 printed in FULL format.
Copyright (c) 1992 PR Newswire Association, Inc.
PR Newswire
April 14, 1992, Tuesday
SECTION: Financial News
DISTRIBUTION: TO BUSINESS EDITOR
LENGTH: 554 words
HEADLINE: PHILADELPHIA TRIBUNE UNVEILS NEW FOUR-COLOR LOOK, NEW MASTHEAD
DATELINE: PHILADELPHIA, April 14
KEYWORD: bc-Philly-Trib-Masthead
BODY:
The Philadelphia Tribune, the nation's oldest African-American newspaper,
introduced, in today's edition, a new four-color front page format, featuring a
new masthead and new section titles.
The new color process, according to Tribune officials, utilizes the latest in
scanners and computer page assembly. The new, modern masthead, developed by the
Tribune's art department, is printed in green and yellow, and reflects a change
from the paper's previous banner, which featured a more traditional Times Roman
typeface and a photo of Philadelphia's City Hall tower. The old masthead was
initially introduced in 1982.
According to Robert W. Bogle, the Tribune's president, the new four- color
front page represents a significant change from the paper's previous use of
spot-color.
"This new color printing process represents the very latest in high- tech
newspaper publishing," said Bogle, "and places the Tribune at the forefront of
the local industry as regards this type of technology. In fact, we believe the
addition of the new four-color printing process makes the Tribune the
best-looking newspaper in Philadelphia. That should provide a distinct
competitive advantage for us in the local marketplace.
"National newspaper readership studies show that papers that add color
attract readers more readily than black and white newspapers," Bogle added.
"The fact that USA Today became the leader in readership among the nation's
major daily newspapers just six years after its inception certainly supports
that premise. We are confident that our use of this aggressive color
technology, in combination with other changes being made here, will lead to an
expansion of our circulation and readership throughout the region."
As part of the overall change in layout, the Tribune also now includes new
names for certain sections of the paper, as follows:
Old Section Titles New Section Titles
Food From the Kitchen
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(c) 1992 PR Newswire, April 14, 1992
People Life
Church Religion
Health Health & Fitness
Business/Personal Finance Dollars-N-Cents
Opinion/OPEd Commentary
Reader's Viewpoint Having Your Say
Obituaries - No Change --
Classifieds Jobs/Classifieds
Sports -- No Change --
Our World National/International
Founded in 1884 as a forum for African-American progress and justice, the
Philadelphia Tribune is located at 520 S. 16th St., in Center City Philadelphia.
The broadsheet-sized paper is published twice weekly -- on Tuesdays and Fridays
-- and its tabloid Metro edition is published each Thursday. The combined
readership of the Tribune publications is 250,000 people. The Philadelphia
Tribune is audited by Audit Bureau of Circulation (ABC) and Certified Audit of
Circulation (CAC), and is a member of the National Newspaper Publisher's
Association (NNPA). Formed in 1940, the NNPA is the oldest trade association
for African-American media, and is currently the nation's largest association
for African-American print organizations. In 1991, Bogle began a two-year term
as NNPA's national president.
// CONTACT: Toni Foster of the Philadelphia Tribune, 215-893-4780
ORGANIZATION: Philadelphia Tribune
SUBJECT: New Products; Services
GEOGRAPHIC: Pennsylvania
INDUSTRY: Publishing; Information Services
broadsheet
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PAGE 19
28TH STORY of Level 1 printed in FULL format.
The Associated Press
The materials in the AP file were compiled by The Associated Press. These
materials may not be republished without the express written consent of The
Associated Press.
April 6, 1992, Monday, AM cycle
SECTION: Business News
LENGTH: 412 words
HEADLINE: Court To Rule On Treating Customers As Depreciables
DATELINE: WASHINGTON
KEYWORD: Scotus-Customers
BODY:
The Supreme Court said Monday it will decide whether newspapers and other
businesses can consider paying customers depreciable assets worth millions in
tax write-offs.
The justices agreed to study a dispute stemming from a New Jersey-based
newspaper company's acquisition of eight Michigan newspapers.
Bush administration lawyers say billions of dollars in tax revenue could be
at stake. And although they oppose the newspaper company's bid to enlarge its
tax deductions, Justice Department lawyers urged the high court to use the case
to resolve a conflict among lower courts.
The case, likely to be decided sometime in 1993, stems from the 1976 purchase
by the Herald Co. of Booth Newspapers Inc., owner of eight Michigan newspapers
and the Sunday newspaper magazine supplement Parade.
The Herald Co. in 1987 merged with the Newark Morning Ledger Co., owner of
the Newark Star Ledger in New Jersey - the largest newspaper in the Newhouse
group.
The Herald Co. was valued at $ 328 million, including nearly $ 68 million in
non-tangible assets - the 460,000 subscribers of the Michigan newspapers.
In a 1990 federal lawsuit, the Morning Ledger Co. sought to claim the
subscribers as a depreciable asset - such as machinery or inventory - worth an
estimated $ 10 million in tax savings.
The newspaper company estimated the subscribers would provide the company
with $ 68 million in income during the time they would remain subscribers.
That calculation assumed subscribers would die, move away or change their
reading tastes over a period ranging from 14 years to 23 years depending on
which newspaper in Michigan they paid to receive.
The Internal Revenue Service disallowed the deduction. The tax agency said
the company was trying to write off an asset identical to a business' goodwill
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PAGE 20
The Associated Press, April 6, 1992
- its good reputation among current customers.
The IRS noted that the subscribers had no contract with the company and could
cancel their subscriptions at a moment's notice. Contracts can be treated as a
depreciable asset by a company.
The 3rd U.S. Circuit Court ruled in favor of the IRS last September.
The American Newspaper Publishers Association, the Magazine Publishers of
America and the American Bankers Association were among the groups supporting
the newspaper company's appeal.
Practically any type of business that considers regular customers as an asset
could be affected by the court's decision.
The case is Newark Morning Ledger Co. V5. U.S., 91-1135.
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35TH STORY of Level 1 printed in FULL format.
Copyright 1992 Chicago Tribune Company
Chicago Tribune
April 5, 1992, Sunday, FINAL EDITION
SECTION: TEMPO; Pg. 2; ZONE: C; Media watch
LENGTH: 1410 words
HEADLINE: Typing trauma
Computer-related injury forces L.A. Times columnist to the sidelines
BYLINE: By James Warren
DATELINE: LOS ANGELES
BODY:
Bob Jones, the best local columnist at the Los Angeles Times, split on
vacation Thursday. It has become, quite literally, too painful to work.
A few days earlier, Jones made an unusual admission to readers of the
nation's largest general-interest daily newspaper: The column they were reading
would be his last for an indefinite period because "a new form of industrial
>
injury ravages the population, and I've got it."
Jones, 46, is a victim of what New York Times health reporter Jane Brody
suggests is an epidemic of motion-related, at times crippling, nerve injuries to
hands and arms of white-collar workers. Once the province of industrial workers,
such as packinghouse employees, the maladies affect huge numbers of office
workers who use computers, and may constitute 30 to 40 percent of worker's
compensation claims in some states.
The undersides of his arms began burning in 1985, he said. He had periods
without pain, but in the last several years it "became seamless." He tried every
possible therapy: every pill, exercise program, ultrasound, topical ointments,
everything. "Nothing worked.
"If this disease was a matter of just enduring pain when I typed, that would
be one thing. But I can't garden, cook, play sports, pick up and play with my
11-month-old son when I want. It's chopping off parts of my life. The only
option was to stop," the well-regarded former national correspondent and
environmental reporter explained in a conversation in Los Angeles.
The disease goes by different names, usually repetitive strain injury or
cumulative trauma disorder. A new one has come via the World Health
Organization: work-related musculoskeletal disorders. A related illness is
carpal tunnel syndrome.
At Jones' office, the problem can be traced to the 1983 introduction of
electronic editing computers that the paper helped design Quickly, there were
complaints of injuries to necks, wrists, shoulders and arms. They spread to
other departments using computers.
Ultimately, task forces were formed, and the Times spent what William Sperry,
the paper's safety and environmental affairs manager, estimates to be $1.5
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Chicago Tribune, April 5, 1992
million for new, adjustable work stations; five types of ergonomically designed
chairs; thinner keyboards softer to the touch; wrist and foot rests; and
informational booklets and videos.
Sperry says that since 1983, more than 400 employees have gone to the medical
department with problems. Ninety percent have been resolved quickly, often after
a recommendation to vary tasks or take off a day or two. Ten percent have needed
more extensive medical treatment, and about 30 employees have suffered permanent
partial disability, with five undergoing surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome.
The paper did not spend big bucks out of pure beneficence. It is self-insured
for worker's compensation. Injuries "take money off the bottom line," Sperry
says.
But there are the realities of no surefire medical cure and the expense of
doing anything. Managements may rationalize inaction, especially when cutting
back and demanding greater productivity.
But that may compound the problem. Cutbacks mean fewer people doing more work
under possibly more stressful conditions. The tragic irony of these injuries may
be that it's the best and most productive workers who are at greatest risk.
Other media enterprises report possibly worrisome injury rates among those
who use computers, including at The New York Times, Reuters and Newsday (owned
by the L.A. Times' parent, Times Mirror). The Chicago Tribune knows of few
problems, says a spokesman. A Milwaukee consultant has been hired to develop an
educational program for Tribune supervisors.
But it's possible workers at the Tribune and elsewhere suffer in silence. I
know several colleagues with such problems who have toiled with braces on wrists
and hands but haven't complained to the company. Jobs are at a premium. Some may
be scared of being tagged malingerers.
Sperry thinks the problem "transcends any one type of keyboard." Another
Times executive believes that many firms have similar problems but are "burying
their heads in the sand."
Last year, the American Newspaper Publishers Association (now the American
Newspaper Association) conceded that repetitive strain injuries are of serious
concern. Though the group had largely denied a problem previously, according to
VDT News, a computer newsletter, the association urged members to review
equipment design and encourage workers to report problems. It's funding a study
on early detection by the University of Iowa College of Medicine.
There are still working wounded at the L.A. Times: people with splints, even
a copy editor who now has such poor circulation (her fingers are a whitish
purple) that she has an electric heating pad strapped around her shoulders.
Columnist Jones, who says that at times his arms "feel like raw flesh," will
take two or three weeks off.
He's not sure what he'll do then, other than something less intense, maybe
editing magazine articles. He's convinced that a long-term disability leave
would be counterproductive, perhaps prompting a depression not conducive to
healing.
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Chicago Tribune, April 5, 1992
"But there's no guarantee of recovery," he said last week. "That's what's
terrifying. It's left me in a period of free fall. I'm crippled."
Not everybody at the Los Angeles Times was susceptible to work-related
injuries at their computers last week. The paper had not one, not two, not
three, not four, not five, not six, but seven, count 'em, seven reporters in
Arkansas looking into Bill Clinton.
If Motel 6, Red Roof and Holiday Inns are smart, they'll start offering a
group media rate throughout Arkansas. Along with a complimentary chocolate on
the pillow, they could offer that May Playboy with the former Miss Arkansas; a
marijuana joint you need not inhale; and a complimentary compact disc of
Gennifer Flowers' greatest lounge hits, including, I presume, her rendition of
"Feelings."
-
A Deep Hollywood Throat (a director) offers the following important
post-Oscar claim about friend Jack Palance, who was named best supporting actor
for "City Slickers": Palance hasn't seen the movie yet.
-
Fashion and food-conscious L.A. Style magazine offers an adjunct to the
national debate over politically correct speech. We now have the PC restaurant.
It quotes the press release for a new West Hollywood bistro, Cicada, that
heralds its "naturalistic/lite cuisine"; organic fertilizer used to grow its
produce; "salad bowls made from the limbs of olive trees"; and "recycled
paper/cards and environmentally pure cleansers."
According to the magazine, the food, including a mushy-lobster-and-leek
ravioli ($14), ain't so hot.
But who cares, when you can avoid liberal friends tagging you a
preservative-loving, chemical-shilling, fat-inducing, polluting scum?
-
I thought Sun-Times film critic Roger Ebert deserved an Emmy last year for
exhibiting grace under humiliating pressure during an appearance with Gene
Siskel, columnist for the Tribune, on New York radio shock-jock Howard Stern's
syndicated TV show. Stern vividly questioned Ebert's sexuality and his being
engaged to a black woman.
Well, give Ebert an early 1992 nomination for his hourlong, post-Oscar-show
appearance on ABC's Los Angeles TV station, KABC.
After he whipped off his Sun-Times story and did an on-camera quickie for
Chicago's WLS-Ch. 7, he co-hosted a show on KABC that included live switches to
Oscar parties. One KABC reporter asked Palance how he pronounced his name,
prompting Palance to look at him as if he were a wad of gum caught on his shoe,
while another reporter gushed to best supporting actress winner Mercedes
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Chicago Tribune, April 5, 1992
Ruehl, "We're very proud of you!"
Well, Ebert was teamed not just with KABC's Tawny Little, a former beauty
queen who apparently did not score close to a 1600 on her SAT's, but also Mr.
Blackwell, the trash-and-burn fashion critic.
According to Blackwell, Liza Minnelli "looked terrific"; Geena Davis was
"terrible from the waist down ... like a can-can dancer who couldn't get a
job"; Whoopi Goldberg was "a total tragedy"; and Juliette ("Cape Fear") Lewis'
dress "looks like it was bought in a thrift shop."
The surprisingly well-coiffed Ebert gently demurred on several occasions with
Blackwell, along with offering movie comments and a "This, too, will pass" look.
Which, fortunately, it did.
GRAPHIC: PHOTO: Los Angeles Times columnist Bob Jones at home in Studio City,
Calif., where he is hoping to recover from a repetitive strain injury. Photo by
Julie Markes/AP.
TERMS: MEDIA; HEALTH; ISSUE; BRIEFS
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THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
SCHEDULE PROPOSAL
December 20, 1991
TO:
KATHY SUPER
Deputy Assistant to the President
for Appointments and Scheduling
THROUGH:
Assistant to D. the President for Media Affairs
DORRANCE SMITH
FROM:
KRISTEN GEARG
Associate Director for Media Affairs
REQUEST:
Teleconference to the American Newspaper
Convention. Publishers Association (ANPA) 106th Annual
PURPOSE:
To provide the President with an opportunity to
address an international trade association serving
1,350 newspapers.
BACKGROUND:
The ANPA's membership consists of most U.S. daily
newspapers but also includes weeklies as well as
newspapers in Canada, Europe and the Pacific. For
example The Times Mirror Co., The Hearst
Corporation, The Star-Ledger, Knight-Ridder,
Gannett Co. Inc, The Boston Globe and many other
respected papers are ANPA members. Their member
daily circulation.
newspapers publish 90 percent of the overall U.S.
The theme of this year's conference is
be held on such topics as the changing role of
"Challenging Conventional Wisdom." Workshops will
newspapers with the ever growing. electronic media
market, and public policy issues that present
challenges to the newspaper industry.
The top Democratic contenders will also be invited
to speak during the conference.
PREVIOUS
PARTICIPATION: 1989 Convention in Chicago on April 24, 1991.
DATE AND TIME: May 4 or 5, 1992.
LOCATION:
OEOB Studio, Room 459.
PARTICIPANTS: The President
Dorrance Smith
PRESS PLAN:
Open press at the event.
herrio)
NVT
4 May
Essay
of
to
Than dripit
again.,
WILLIAM SAFIRE
ed
Trashing Our Justice
'Scandalous, judges France's
believe the change of venue to a
Mitterrand, from a system that does
white suburb was In error and the
not give the accused the presumption
prosecution inadequate If on the
of innocence.
jury, I would have argued that Rod-1
The Los Angeles jury could not
ney King was victimized and would
have done more damage to their
have voted to convict the accused
country image abroad if they had
policemen
tried," Wrote The Japan Times, from
But I am not about to: join in the
a system that does not entrust deci-
condemnation of the jury as a pack of
sions to juries in criminal cases.
racists or fools. Anybody who has
Most Americans supinely accept
been in a jury room (an eye-opening
those condemnations. And no doubt
experience that every American
the L.A, jury's decision - in the face
should seek) knows how 12 average
of televised evidence of outrageous
people their best to put themselves
police brutality - did trigger riots
in the defendant's shoes, especially
and scores of deaths, gave credence
when the victim cannot or chooses
to charges of racism in our society
not to testify
and shook the confidence of many in
Although Acquitted was the
American justice.
headline, the jury verdict made this
But the purpose of a jury is neither
reasoned differentiation: the law-
to project a national, image nor to
man who seemed most unlawfully
agree with the opinion of most fair-
savage was not acquitted on one
minded observers. A jury should fol-
charge of excessive use of force,
low the judge's instructions about
Thus did a not completely certain
rules of evidence, setting aside all
jury say to the state: Pick another
outside influence, ideology and preju-
jury and let it decide on that accused
cop's guilt.
welve Blind Jurors' was the
World truncheons
snap judgment of The Economist of
Britain, where free speech is denied
by repressive libel laws. But perhaps
swing at U.S.
the reviled jurors knew that the al-
leged victim had other redress for
012
justice.
In Mr. King's civil suit for dam-
dice; but in coming to its decision, its
ages, the standard of judgment is
members must give the accused the
reduced to a preponderance of the
benefit of a reasonable doubt against
evidence, which appears to be on the
the charges of the state.
side of the beaten man. And in the
Viewed from outside the trial,
background was a Federal statute
said President Bush, "it was hard to
protecting his civil rights, a grand
understand how the verdict could
jury for which was promptly con-
square with the video." True enough;
vened, needing no impetus from anti-
then, in his most Presidential speech,
Asian arsonists or looters.
the text of which was printed in The
Amid the world's hypocritical
Washington Post, he went on to make
brouhaha, let's cut the flagella-
this unpopular but Lincolnian point
tion and ask ourselves Where else is
We must respect the process of law,
a person accused of a crime better
whether or not we agree with the
protected from the powerful state or
outcome
the angry mob? And where else in the
Neither Bill Clinton nor Ross Perot
world today is a victim - of any race
nor any of our commentators had the
or creed.- more likely to see justice
courage and sense of responsibility to
served in the end?
say that The bulwark of civil liberty
In the U.S., the presumption of inno-
is the jury system; the American
cence and judgment by a jury run the
Civil Liberties Union abandons prin-
risk of letting the guilty go, free. In
ciple by failing to defend the rights of
other democratic and all autocratic
jurors to be free of the threat of post-
systems, the habit of state control
trial inquisition or punishment by
prefers to risk the jailing of the inno-
publicity, We can disagree with ver
cent.
dicts without impugning the motives
All will occasionally err; because
of jurors or demanding that they fac
our tradition puts the individual first,
tor in world opinion.
we are right to err on the side of the
Before taking the contrarian
individual accused, To subvert our
plunge, let me stipulate this: I be
Bill of Rights to burnish our image of
lieve. the ptape shows overpowering
fairness would indeed be scandal-
evidence of excessive use of force. I
ous.
Photo Copy Preservation
The President
May 92
Bush Moves to Respond to Strong Test From Riots
By MICHAEL WINES
Special to The New York Times
WASHINGTON, May 3 - Deep into a
difficult political campaign and facing
what some aides now call a domestic
Persian Gulf crisis, President Bush
will meet with his top domestic advis-
ers Monday morning to begin mapping
his response to the civic and physical
wreckage of the Los Angeles riots.
Mr. Bush is being pressed to quickly
address the broader social ailments
underlying last week's upheaval, some
senior Administration aides said, add-
ing that the most likely forum for un-
veiling such a prescription was a long-
scheduled visit to Los Angeles on
Thursday. Mr. Bush had planned to
speak about free trade, but the address.
will almost certainly now be devoted to
the themes of economic and social jus-
tice, said the aides, all of whom insisted
on anonymity.
But they added that there was still no
clear idea of what broad proposals the
President should or even could offer to
bridge the racial and economic divi-
sions that the riots laid bare.
Test of Leadership
"You can look at Thursday in Cali-
fornia as a test of how Bush is going to
play this: Is he engaged, or does he do
the conventional speech and try to get
out quickly?" one top official said to-
day. "That's being debated now, and
will be over next few days."
Much of the debate on Monday and
the days ahead is likely to focus on the
proposals of Housing Secretary Jack F.
Kemp, who with Vice President Dan
Quayle has long been a vocal advocate
of a more forceful anti-poverty agenda.
Mr. Kemp has urged reducing Federal
dominance of social programs and giv-
ing the poor more control over their
own lives.
Mr. Bush is under considerable polit-
ical pressure to prove his leadership on
the issue. The likely Democratic presi-
dential nominee, Gov. Bill Clinton of
Arkansas, was to fly to Los Angeles
tonight to offer his own recommenda-
Associated Press
tions.
President Bush is to meet with his top domestic advisers today to begin
Search for Solutions
mapping his response to the Los Angeles riots. He spoke to reporters
Ross Perot, the Texas businessman
yesterday at the White House after returning from Camp David.
who is an undeclared independent
Presidential candidate, also attacked
Mr. Bush during a network television
the added attraction of requiring little
or no additional Federal money, a re-
Federal attack on social problems.
interview on Sunday for remaining in
Besides projecting himself as a na-
Washington during the riots. One Ad-
quirement in a year when a gaping
tional leader, they said, such a move
ministration adviser acknowledged to-
budget deficit precludes more than a
would present the White House with an
day that the attack "strikes a chord"
token offering of new Federal pro-
grams for the poor.
opportunity to begin recapturing the
with some voters, and that many of Mr.
support of blacks and other minorities
Bush's aides believe he must offer
On the other hand, Mr. Kemp's plans
more than a usual response.
have been consistently opposed by Mr.
that was lost in the 1950's and 1960's,
That political urgency is expected to
Darman, a powerful figure in shaping
when the Democratic Party took the
lead in civil-rights issues.
give fresh momentum in Monday's
Administration policy, and by Treas-
However, Mr. Bush's staff made no
meeting to a search for solutions to
ury Secretary Nicholas F. Brady, one
systematic effort over the weekend to
poverty and social fragmentation that
of Mr. Bush's closest and oldest
friends.
consider its options for Thursday's vis-
even Mr. Bush's top aides concede has
it to Los Angeles, a fact that some aides
gotten half-hearted support during his
Campaign Considerations
called revealing by itself.
tenure in office.
Nor is it clear whether Mr. Bush's
The participants are to include Mr.
Bush's senior White House aides, in-
political strategists, led by his cam-
cluding the chief of staff, Samuel K.
paign manager, Robert M. Teeter,
Skinner, and Richard G. Darman, the
would favor an election-year agenda
China Asserts Rioting
budget director; Labor Secretary Lynn
studded with high-profile proposals to
Martin, Health and Human Services
assist the disadvantaged. Administra-
Reflects Rights Abuses
Secretary Louis W. Sullivan, an aide to
tion officials interviewed today were
themselves divided over how Mr.
Education Secretary Lamar Alexan-
der, who is traveling, and Mr. Kemp.
Bush's natural constituency, largely
Special to The New York Times
middle- and upper-class voters, would
react to such initiatives.
BEIJING, May 3 China said today
Time for Kemp's Ideas?
Mr. Bush himself has seemed ambiv-
that the rioting in Los Angeles reflect-
Photo Copy Preservation
Mr. Kemp's proposals, some of
alent about the problem until now. The
ed human rights violations in the Unit-
which have become law, include such
President's last major address on so-
ed States, and it called for "a fair
innovations as allowing poor families
cial issues, a speech this spring on the
solution" to the problems.
to buy apartments in public-housing
American family, branded the disinte-
The statement, China's first official
projects. They also seek to give individ-
gration of urban society an "urgent"
reaction to the unrest, seemed an at-
uals and businesses financial incen-
crisis that cried for solutions, but pro-
tempt to turn the tables on the United
posed no solution beyond letting states
States, which regularly accuses China
tives to develop the inner cities and
of imprisoning and sometimes tortur-
improve their own station in life.
conduct experimental welfare pro-
One White House official, a senior
ing dissidents. The comment, by an
grams.
adviser not aligned with Mr. Kemp,
Similarly, Mr. Bush's White House
unidentified Foreign Ministry spokes-
man, was carried by the official New
said today that that may begin to
domestic staff has debated several
China News Agency and read on na-
change in the wake of the Los Angeles
dramatic reforms in anti-poverty pro-
tional television.
riots. Mr. Skinner and his top aides,
grams for more than two years, but
has endorsed none.
"The massive racial conflict in Los
including his deputy, Henson Moore,
Angeles, U.S.A., is something unfortu-
and the domestic policy chief, Clayton
Some Administration officials al-
nate," the statement said, "But it is not
K. Yeutter, are more open to consider-
ready have argued that the Los Ange-
accidental."
ing Mr. Kemp's ideas than was John H.
les riots present Mr. Bush with a
It added: "It reveals that human
Sununu, Mr. Skinner's deeply conser-
unique opportunity both to do good and
rights violations such as serious racial
vative predecessor, he said.
to gain political advantage by propos-
Many of Mr. Kemp's proposals have
ing a comprehensive and largely new
discrimination and abuse of force by
police do exist in the U.S.A."
B8
THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL MONDAY, MAY 4, 1992
Riots in Los Angeles: Mourning the Dead and the Damage
The Nation
Pleas for Peace and Justice
From Pulpits in Dozen Cities
By ROBERT D. McFADDEN
After the storm of rioting and blood-
It was a golden Sunday over much of
shed in, Los Angeles and four days of
the nation, with castles of clouds on the
sometimes violent protests in a dozen
horizon here and there. The fresh
other cities, Americans paused yester-
grass, the new leaves, were apple
day to pray for peace and to hear
green in the spring sun, and the day's
impassioned pleas from the pulpit for
gentle beauty offered stark contrasts
justice and racial harmony in a trou-
with the week's images of burning and
hled land.
looting, of people running in the glare of
Across the New York area and in
flames, of smoldering fires in the half-
cities and towns across the country,
light looking like the approaches to
bells totled for the 49 dead in Los
hell.
Angeles. and spiritual leaders ex-
Except for gunshots fired at a police
pressed-sorrow for those who lost their
car in Los Angeles, calm prevailed
lives or-homes or jobs in the orgy of
yesterday in the riot areas and in other
arson, looting and gunfire that followed
cities that had been wracked by anger
the acquittal of four Los Angeles police
and violence in recent days, and many
officers-last Wednesday.
Americans took advantage of the re-
Many condemned the verdict as a
spite to attend church services, to hear
miscarriage of justice, but said vio-
spiritual leaders and reflect again on
the causes and possible responses to
the country's racial divisions.
'Like It to Be Over'
A moment of
In Los Angeles, services at the
calm after days of
Greater Ebenezer Missionary Baptist
Church were just ending when gunfire
erupted outside. Congregants waited
anger and
briefly until the danger passed, then
filed out. "We'd like it to be over, said
violence.
Willie Tagger, a 54-year-old aircraft
mechanic. "I don't think It will end
until Chief Daryl Gates is gone and the
Across the New York region and in cities and towns across the country, bells tolled for the 49 dead in Los Angeles. A largely Korean
Photo Copy Preservation
four police officers are gone."
Nearby, at St. Vincent's Roman
congregation at St. Paul Chong Ha-Sang, a Roman Catholic chapel in Queens, prayed during a service that focused on the Los Angeles riots
lence was not the answer to racial
injustice. Others called for radical
Catholic Church, the Rev. Michael
change in a society infected with insti-
Crotty's voice broke as he told his
parish of Hispanic people, blacks,
donned black ribbons to protest the
that law and order was being restored,
John Cardinal O'Connor, the Roman
langer over the verdict in the beating
tutionalized racism. And amid the
whites and Asians that there was no
verdict, applauded loudly as their pas-
but had failed to take steps to address
Catholic Archbishop of New York, ex-
case was justified, but that violence
grief, some spoke of hope, calling the
turning back from what had happened.
tor, the Rev. Charles R. Stith, blamed
the underlying Injustices that had led
pressed relief that New York was
was neither the proper response nor
verdict and its aftermath a turning
point, perhaps the harbinger of a new
"People are saying, 'Oh, good, we're
President Bush for the verdict and
to the rioting.
spared widespread violence and cred-
the solution to problems of racism.
exhorted them to reject the/President
Mr. Butts also criticized the Reagan
civil rights movement in America.
returning, little by little, to normal,'
ited Mayor Dinkins and Police Com-
"Violence gets attention, but not last-
and Bush Administrations for "12
missioner Lee P. Brown for "the sensi-
Mr. Crotty said. "We cannot accept
at the polls in November.
ing change," said the Rev. Joseph Low-
"There is a new kind of shame and
what was normal before the violence
years of neglect" of inner cities, and
tivity and the prudence of their re-
ery, president of the Southern Chris-
pain in the white community," the Rev.
'Bush Must Go!'
because what was normal was never
urged his congregants to join a May 16
sponse to the understandable fear that
tian Leadership Conference and pastor
Cecil A., Williams told his racially di-
that. What was normal was never ac-
"The jury didn't see Rodney King
march on Washington. "I want you to
began to pervade this city.'
of Cascade United Methodist Church.
verse parish at San Francisco's Glide
they saw Willie Horton,' he declared.
take off from work and go down," he
Memorial United Methodist Church.
ceptable."
A largely Korean congregation at St.
And at Mount Moriah Baptist Church
(George Bush must go!" Mr. Horton,
said. "We should be nonviolent, but we
Paul Chong Ha-Sang, a Roman Catho-
a few miles away, the Rev. Orlando K.
"It is time to put that to work, to stop
President Bush, at Camp David, Md.,
black man who raped a white woman
should stand up to Washington and say,
lic chapel in Flushing, Queens, heard
Winters said: "Be angry, but sin not.
watching the television in pain and get
for the weekend, proclaimed the first
after being furloughed from a Massa-
'Enough is enough!'
the Rev. Joe Veneroso refer to the
Be angry, but don't let the sun set on
off the couch and take some action.
Thursday in May as a national prayer
chusetts prison, was mentioned in a
Relief In New York
attacks on Korean-Americans and Ko-
your anger."
And across the country in Manhat-
day, and urged Americans next Thurs-
commercial used by the Bush cam-
rean-American businesses by rioters in
As she left the Moriah services, 81
tan, the Rev. Dr. James A. Forbes Jr.,
day "to pray for reconciliation and
paign against Michael S. Dukakis in
Elsewhere in New York, at great
Los Angeles last week. "Koreans and
year-old Beatrice Cook shook her head
senior minister at Riverside Church,
healing" after the violence. He sched-
1988. The commercial was widely
cathedrals and small churches, there
blacks looked at each other and saw not
and said she did not think the rioters
made an impassioned plea for a new
uled a White House meeting with sev-
viewed as politically effective, but
were prayers for an end to violence,
their brothers and sisters, but their
knew what they were looking for in the
commitment from his racially mixed
eral Cabinet members today to discuss
many felt it appealed to racial fears.
calls from pulpits for renewed efforts
enemies," he said. "The rioting may
streets, "All know is that they were
congregation, just as the church threw
"long-range solutions for some region-
Mr. Bush was also criticized at the
to fight racism and praise for Mayor
have stopped, but the racial problems
looking in the wrong direction,' she
uself into the anti-nuclear movement a
al and economic problems."
Abyssinian Baptist Church in Harlem
David N. Dinkins and community lead-
have not.
said. "As for the verdict, it was wrong,
decade ago. "Could we take this one
But in Boston, 300 parishioners at the
by the Rev. Calvin O. Butts, who said
ers for helping to avert a major explo-
In Atlanta, two ministers told con-
but it didn't make me angry. It just
on?" he asked.
Union United Methodist Church, who
the President had reassured whites
sion of violence in the city.
gregations at black churches that their
made me hurt."
Photo Copy Preservation
Business Day
D1
MONDAY, MAY 4, 1992
The New York Times
A Stumbling Economy Absorbs Another Blow
California's Losses
Of Jobs and Revenué
4,
1992
Will Be More Severe
OIL
BONDS
By RICHARD W. STEVENSON
Nymex
30-Year
Special to The New York Times
Spot
Treasuries
LOS ANGELES, May 3 - Califor-
nia, already mired in a recession that
$20.85
8.00%
was exposing Jagged cracks in Its
+$0.63
-0.03
Golden State facade, now faces an
even bleaker economic future.
The violence, looting and arson that
swept wide areas of the nation's sec-
ond-largest city last week, killing at
least 49 people and causing hundreds
economic
future
in
the
wake
of
of millions of dollars of damage, de-
in
recession,
the
state
must
stroyed thousands of small business-
and
tax
revenues.
And
the
es. That disaster will cause the direct
little
for
efforts
to
persuade
loss of more jobs and tax revenues
open
factories.
[Page
D1.]
from a state already enduring a hem-
nsumer
advocates
and
some
orrhage of both, economists say.
the
riots
could
aggravate
a
And the stark Image of a city out of
for
more
than
25
years:
the
control is likely to do little for the
companies.
[D2.]
state's efforts to persuade companies
not to leave and other companies to
open factories. Tourism, one of Call-
fornia's most vibrant Industries -
lenders to meet with it in
providing 360,000 jobs and generating
with a new plan to create a
$7 billion annually - seems certain to
Jim Wilson/The New York Times
real estate company has a
The destruction of thousands of small businesses in
fall off, at least in the short run. And
rhage of both, economists say. All that remains of
Analysis.
[D1.]
Los Angeles will cause the direct loss of jobs and tax
foreign investment in real estate and
this looted furniture store on Western Avenue is a
local industry is at risk.
Gamble have settled a seven-
revenues from a state already enduring a hemor-
burned-out skeleton.
sposable
Implications Are Not Good'
diapers.
[D2.]
"The implications for the L.A. area
to
close
about
10
of
its
120
Can California Rebound?
are not good, and the implications for
kruptcy
reorganization.
[D5.]
the state of California are not good,"
said Jack A. Kyser, the chief econo-
mist for the Economic Development
to the Bush Administration for
The rapid growth of California's economy has slowed, and economists wonder If will recover.
Corporation of Los Angeles, an Indus-
guarantees to protect them
Total non farm
Personal
try-financed group formed to pro-
Unemployment
former Soviet Union. Without
Residential building
mote economic growth.
employment
Income
rate
permits
appears to have decided that
As It debates how best to get mov-
ventures in the Commonwealth
4%
10°
10%
ing again, California, where growth
300 thousand
always seemed a natural state of
ptential
for
profits.
[D1.]
affairs, is being forced to confront
Navy
and
Icebreaking
fleet
some painful consequences of its own
waste
in
the
Arctic
for
three
200
policies during its decades-long
knowledge.
[A1.]
boom.
0
the
Last year alone, California lost
middle
of
a
seemingly
333,000 jobs, or 2.6 percent of total
ending spree, raising fears
100
non-agricultural employment, and in
figures that the fabulously
1990, at least as many.
in
a
few
years.
[A1.]
Rampant Unemployment
Unemployment has long been high
88
'90
'92
94
ginning to show new strength,
88
90
88
90
92
'94
88
90
among the state's black and Hispanic
populations, especially in the Inner
of a year ago. Publishers
Forecasts (made
cities. But now the rest of the state is
Alex S. Jones: Press. [D1.]
feeling the pain of hard times as well,
filed in connection with a new
with unemployment in the state at 8.5
detailing American Ex-
percent in March, the most recent
mpetitor. Harry Freeman,
a
month for which statistics are avail-
contends that the author,
able (well above the national rate-of
and distorted the truth in
Guarantees Sought for Russian Ventures
7.3 percent). The rate among young
contract.
[D8.]
black and Hispanic men is far higher.
And the growth in per-capita in-
and United Video are joining
come last year was 1.3 percent, far
for cable television in 1993.
potential for interactive game
ers and also of Air Products and
behind the national average of 2.1
By LOUIS UCHITELLE
Chemicals Inc., a multinational com-
also payments to American compa-
percent.
[D8.]
Inles for products exported to the
pany based in Allentown, Pa. "So if
Even before last week's devasta-
men's magazines have gone
Many American companies, con-
Commonwealth. So far, American
American Industry is to do business
tion brought a new urgency to the
Wine Spectator is betting on
vinced that it Is too risky to invest in
companies have invested only $400
there, it needs special Government
question of how far California was
for
the
well-to-do.
[D8.]
the former Soviet Union, have ap-
million in Russia and the other repub-
protection, and that can be done by
lics. Last year, they exported about
willing to go in changing its approach
for
readers
have
teamed
pealed to the Bush Administration for
expanding investment insurance and
to its underlying economic problems,
up,
greatly enlarged Federal investment
$10 billion in goods to the Soviet
export guarantees.'
it was clear that an uncharacteristic
merstone
of
a
new
marketing
Union.
guarantees to protect them from
The Bush Administration has re-
period of introspection had begun.
losses.
will
be
sponded favorably because It regards
While numerous American compa-
"In California, wholly apart from
mounted
on
250
Without such guarantees, Corpo-
large corporate investments as cru-
nies are starting to operate in the
the recession, our jobs climate is un-
The
pro
bono
campaign
by
rate America appears to have de-
cial to a foreign policy that seeks to
Commonwealth, no American or Eu-
acceptable," Gov. Pete Wilson, a Re-
works
before
the
riots
in
Los
cided that It will not go forward now
give the United States a leading role
ropean corporation has yet spent $200
publican, said In a speech to a group
[D10.]
with extensive ventures in the Com-
in shaping the Commonwealth's tran-
million on a factory, an ollfield opera-
of business executives here last
monwealth of Independent States
sition to capitalism. The Administra-
tion or other single project the
month. "Our economic engine is bro-
despite the potential for big profits in
tion has begun scrambling for money,
scale of investment that would give a
ken, and it needs fixing.'
the future.
others'
problems,
there's
including the possible diversion of
company's home nation an Important
California is far from alone in hav-
no
"The risks In Russia are greater
general foreign-aid appropriations.
presence in the economy. The largest
analyst like George Putnam
ing economically blighted inner cit-
than in any other part of the world,"
The money would guarantee not
single investment SO far is less than
to
do
it.
Market
Place.
[D1.]
said Dexter Baker, chairman of the
ies, or in having a large population of
only huge- American investments in
the disorders in Los Angeles
National Association of Manufactur-
factories, oilfields and the like, but
Continued on Page DII
for weeks or months. They
Continued on Page D2
this week's Treasury refunding
Markets. [D5.]
Market Place
A Tough Sell
aciuss
other cities that experienced riots af-
Hunter, a former Federal Insurance
looted businesses had no insurance.
IL IS sometiming to
ter the assassination of the Rev. Dr.
monitor closely," he added.
This index lists businesses mentioned in
Administrator who was responsible
Martin Luther King Jr. in April 1968.
As a result of the Hughes Commis-
today. It excludes companies mentioned or
for inner-city insurance programs
Urban Policies Cancelled
Redlining, the systematic refusal
sion report of 1968, most Industrial
does not cover statistical tables. Page num
during the Carter Administration. "I
of insurance companies to sell poli-
In January 1968, a Presidential
states, including New York, New Jer-
Most subsidiaries are indexed under the pa
think we have seen a bit of improve-
cies in poor neighborhoods, is illegal,
commission headed by Gov. Richard
sey, Connecticut and California have
denotes a parent company not directly mer
ment on redlining in recent years,
but officials say it is extremely hard
J. Hughes of New Jersey surveyed
enacted FAIR plans. The policies,
"ER" in the page column refers to an ent
and these new events could prove a
to monitor or prosecute.
3,000 homeowners and businesses in
which are sometimes expensive and
which today begins on page D3.
setback."
six large cities in the wake of the riots
limited in coverage, are sold to people
But spokesmen for major insur-
Ford Motor
Essential to Business
of the mid-1960's. The commission
who live in high-risk areas and cannot
ance companies say such worries are
A
Fox Pavilika Pa
The industry generally denies that
found that 40 percent of businesses
get private coverage.
Franklin First Fir
both speculative and unfair.
and 30 percent of homeowners in poor
To discourage companies from red-
ABC
C16
il engages in redlining, and compa-
nies with many customers in Los
areas found it unusually difficult to
Action Industries
ER
States Offer Plans
lining, the Federal Government origi-
G
Adelphia Communications D4,05
Angeles say they will respond effi-
They point out that in contrast to
get or keep Insurance, and that 14.4
nally provided Priot reinsurance to
Adobe Resources
ER
Galoob (Lewis) T
ciently and unemotionally to civil dis-
the situation in the 1960's, 28 states
percent of the uninsured businesses
companies that sold FAIR policies.
AG-Bag International
D4
Gannett
Albertson's
D5
Gateway Federal
turbances.
now sponsor. Fair Access to Insur-
had lost their polices after the
Under the plan, the Government
Alco Health Distribution
D4
General Electrict
A lack of property insurance can
ance Requirements, or FAIR plans,
Later that year, officials in New
would reimburse the companies for
All American CommunicationsD
Gigante Vaz Pa
strangle a neighborhood's economy.
that provide at least minimum prop-
York City, Philadelphia, St. Louis,
most of their losses from riots, wheth-
All for Dollar
D4
Advertising
Alpnet
ER
Global Marketing
Banks usually refuse to give mort-
Insurance to businesses and
and Detroit said had found evi-
er or not they involved FAIR custom-
Ambac
ER
Goldman, Sachs
gages on uninsured property, and
homeowners
high-risk
urban
dence of companies canceling poll-
ers. The program was ended during
American Bankers Insurance
Grace Rothsch
small businesses find it next to Im-
areas.
cies after the April riots. Repeated
the second Reagan Administration.
Group
ER
Graham
American Express
D8
Graves G.)
American Express
D4.
Grey Advertising
American OII and Gas
D4
Guaranty Nation
California's Stumbling Economy Absorbs Another Blow
American Standard
D5
Guardian Bancor
Ames Department Stores
DI
Amily Bancorp
ER
Anheuser-Buscht
D10
H
Archer
DI
Hall Mark Electr
workers' compensation and stream-
Arkansas Best
D4
Halliburton
Continued From First Business Page
lining the state's regulatory bureau-
Arkla
ER
Halsey Drug
cracy should be high priorities.
Advertising
D10
Hambr Qu
Aspen Marine
D4
Hanger Orthoped
working people barely above the pov-
The findings of the council, which
Automotive Industries HoldingDS
Hearst
erty level. And certainly some of the
was led,by Peter V: Ueberroth, the
Heist (C.H.)
Hera Publishin
state's problems, like the painful con-
former-baseball commissioner, re-
B
Hill, Holliday, Co
traction of the aerospace and mill-
flected widespread feelings in the
Batchem
ER
Cosmoputos.
business community that California
Bank Nashville
ER
Homestake Mini:
tary industries In the wake of the cold
war's end, are beyond its ability to fix
has become hostile to industry and
Bear, Stearns
D4,D5
Horizon Bank
Bell Bancorp
ER
by itself. But among the policies it
ambivalent about economic growth.
Biocircuits
D4
must examine are these:
"I could set the world on fire," said
Biomagnell Technologies
D4
4Officials here say more and more
Rosemary Ruiz, an owner of Inde-
Blair (D. H.)
D4
I.B.M.
Blair (William)
D4
ICOS
frequently that the state must spend
pendent Forge, a company in the city
BNH Bancshares
ER
IMI Groupt
more on education, job training,
of Orange that makes metal parts for
Brown (Alex.) & Sons
D4
Imperial Credit
roads, mass transit and the other
airplanes and other uses, "but the
Bruncor
ER
Independent Bar
Buckle
D4
Independent For
underpinnings of a healthy and grow-
state could douse it out."
Burritt InterFinancial
Indiana United
ing economy. But California, where
Bancorp
ER
Integrated Reso
Deeply Divided Opinions
Interstar
the anti-tax revolt began in the 1970's,
But in debating knottier issues like
c
Inframed Labs
has long been unwilling to accept a
broad-based tax increase to achieve
immigration and regulation, Califor-
Cablevision Systemst and
J
nians are deeply divided over what
NBCI
D10
those ends. Now, with its population
steps to take.
Cabriolet Fllms
C15
James (T.)
growing and its economy shrinking,
Cadwalader, Wickersham &
Jefferson Bank
With California's population grow-
Taff
D8
Johnson Publish
the state's fiscal problems continue
ing by 600,000 a year and the number
Canadian Imperial Bank of
JSB Financial
to mount, creating further pressure
of jobs shrinking, there is a growing
Commerce
DI
for spending cuts by state and local
Cardiovascular Imaging
consensus in the business community
Systems
D4
K
governments.
that the state needs to do more to
Cassidy's
ER
-Swlss
California has for years had a
check the flow of illegal immigration.
Calalina Marketing
ER
Kenwood Applie
reputation as the nation's strictest
Cented Financial
ER
Kerr-Addison M
Some economists, however, believe
regulator of air quality and for being
Centex Telemanagement
ER
Kimberly Clark
that any steps to discourage immi-
Chaffield Dean
D4
Kmart
on the cutting edge of other environ-1
gration would hurt the state badly in
Chicorpi
D4
Knight-Ridder
mental issues, and it has made con-
Chipsoft
ER
Kohiberg, Krav
the long run because recent immi-
siderable progress in cleaning up the
City Holding
ER
grants provide a highly motivated
Coca Cola
D1
smog in the Los Angeles area. But the
L
work force and strong links to impor-
Comdata Holdings
ER
cost of complying with environmental
Commonwealth
D4
Ladd Furniture
tant trading partners like Mexico and
regulations has been a major reason
Communications Systems
ER
Ladenburg, The
Asia.
Conductus
D4
Laser Video Ne
companies are moving out of state,
"Immigration is clearly the life-
Copley Presst
D1
Lasmo Canada
taking jobs with them. So, Califor-
Cowen
D4
Lawyers Title
blood of the.state,' said David Fried-
nians must consider how much eco-
Crestmont inancial
ER
Lida
man, an economist who has studied
CS First Boston
D4,D5
Lillian Vernon
nomic pain they are willing to absorb
changes in the California economy.
Cummins Engine
DI
Liposome
in the name of the environment.
Curative Technologies
ER
Liqui-Box
9The state has long welcomed legal
Equally contentious is the growing
Curtis Circulation
D9
Lomas Financi
debate over whether the state can
Cygnus Ther apeulic Systems
D4
Lone Star Indus
and illegal immigrants and workers
afford to continue imposing strict en-
Cytel
ER
LTV
from the rest of the United States;
Lufthansa
vironmental regulations. Officials of
and its economy has become addicted
the South Coast Air Quality Manage-
D
Lukens Medica
to their labor and the money that
ment District, the regional air-quality
Delpt
some bring with them to start their
Desia
new lives. But some officials say they
regulator for the Los Angeles basin,
DeVr
said their recent decision to adopt a
Digits
fear that the state's finances, its so-
more flexible, market-based ap-
Dillon
cial services and its economic health
Donne
will soon by swamped by its rapidly
Jim Wilson/The New York Times
proach to pollution-control rules re-
Dow
sulted in part from pressure to mini-
Dram
growing population, and they are call-
The rioting in Los Angeles caused damage estimated at hundreds of
mize the harm to the economy. of
Dressi
ing for measures to stem the flow of
millions of dollars. A crew worked yesterday on power lines near
DVIH
a
cleaning up the air.
immigrants.
Dyers
building that contained medical clinics before it was burned out.
That new approach has environ-
Welfare Question on the Ballot
mentalists, among others, uneasy.
E
Last week, Governor Wilson an-
"When we talk about cutting
Easim
nounced that he had gathered enough
fore the painful recessions that rav-
recognize - belatedly, many econo-
through regulatory red tape, we
Echol
signatures to place on the November
aged the oil states during the last
ought not to turn away from the im-:
Edwa
mists say - that it must compete
Emco
ballot a measure to overhaul the
decade, and they are no more severe
actively with other states and nations
portance of environmental quality
Emer-
state's welfare system. Among its
than those that have beset much of
to retain and attract jobs that for
and environmental cleanup as an in-
Enqui
provisions is a measure that would
the Northeast in recent years. But by
centive for people to come and live in
Enzy
years have been going elsewhere. It is
Equ'
put limits on welfare payments to
the standards of California, the down-
now stepping up its efforts to per-
our state and to do business in our
Esst
those who have been in the state for
turn, now in its third year, has been
suade, companies to remain in the
state," said Kathleen Brown, the
Esse
less than a year, which would make
traumatic.
state or to move here, reminding
state Treasurer, who is a Democrat.
Exit
California less of a welfare magnet.
them of California's - and Los Ange-
Late Saturday, Mayor Tom Brad-
F
"The recession- in '82-83 was a
Depression In Major Industries
les's advantages as a financial and
ley of Los Angeles appointed Mr. Ue-
rough deal, but this is a different kind
Fan
The residential construction busi-
trade center, with a large, well-
berroth, who is something of a local
Fed
of downturn, because we're not so
ness, a major component of the state
trained work force and a climate and
legend for having run the 1984 Olym-
Flni
much in a depressed economy as in a
economy, remains deeply depressed
resources that make it a nice place to
pic Games here without a hitch, to
Firs
Flrs
changed economy," said Bill Pech-
despite some signs of improvement.
live.
head a commission charged with re-
Firs
stedt, the owner of Sanford Lussier
Other industries will not rebound
The state is also financing pro-
building the neighborhoods ravaged
Firs
Inc., which makes hardwood mold-
even when the overall economy im-
grams to help small and medium-size
by the rioting. Mr. Ueberroth offered
Fisc
FMI
ings. The company, in the Los Ange-
proves. The aerospace and military,
businesses develop export markets
few specifics but said the emphasis
Foo
les suburb of Huntington Park, has
Industries; which supported hundreds
and Improve the quality of their prod-
would be on bringing businesses and
lost 25 percent of its business in the
of thousands of high-paying engineer-
ucts and the skills of their work
jobs to the areas worst afflicted by
last few years.
ing and manufacturing jobs, are rap-
forces.
the unrest.
"I don't see it turning around in the
idly shrinking because of the end of
On some issues, like changes in
"Jobs are what have been looted,
immediate future or any time in the
the cold war.
workers' compensation Insurance,
thousands and thousands of Jobs that
near term, because there are too
The downturn has reverberated
there is widespread agreement on the
won't be there tomorrow because
many underlying problems in the
powerfully and created support in
need for action. A report issued last
there's nowhere to go to work," Mr.
state," Mr. Pechstedt said.
many quarters for steps that would
month by the Council on California
Ueberroth said. "It's just a down-
The economic woes in California,
aid the economy, even at the cost of
Competitiveness, a bipartisan panel.
ward cycle that's added a sharp load
the nation's most populous and eco-
other social goals.
of business executives, labor leaders
to these communities, and we've got
nomically productive state, pale be-
The state's initial step has been to
and elected officials, said overhauling
to reverse that as soon as possible."
Photo Copy Preservation
Jeanne- -
I
Here is -
- Last ANPA speech (4/24/89)
12 Chicago
-"First Facts" on newspapers
- Encyclopedia anticle
w/ Some good history.
Also - some good facts
possibly for jokes-
/ Some quokes or
newspapers & publishing
(Here are more upstairs - -
I can check again if
you want)
George