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Originally Processed With FOIA(s): FOIA Number: S S FOIA MARKER This is not a textual record. This is used as an administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential Library Staff. Record Group/Collection: George H.W. Bush Presidential Records Collection/Office of Origin: Speechwriting, White House Office of Series: Speech File Backup Files Subseries: Chron File, 1989-1993 OA/ID Number: 13814 Folder ID Number: 13814-008 Folder Title: Notre Dame 5/17/92 [OA 7574] [1] Stack: Row: Section: Shelf: Position: G 26 22 5 4 WORKING DRAFT NOT FOR QUOTATION December 13, 1990 6 THE FIRST, THE FUNDAMENTAL AND THE PRIMARY INSTITUTION: THE AMERICAN FAMILY A harmonious society in which each member is dedicated to the greater good of the whole, is based, in large part, on people who know how to cooperate with each other. The family is the place where people first learn to do this. It is the place where people are accepted for who they are, not for what they do. Without commonplace family harmony, social harmony will always be an elusive goal. Unfortunately, the American family is in disarray. While not all families are experiencing breakdown and dysfunction, enough families have problems of such magnitude that social synergy is not presently attainable and will not be attainable until some of these problems are corrected. If people treat their family members as badly as available data indicate they do, it is no wonder that people are unable to work together in the other: institutions of life -- schools, government, business, and church. In fact, some of the dysfunction that is apparent in these larger institutions may be a direct result of the disturbing state of family life in this country. The research literature indicates that fragmentation is the 7 characteristic of the modern american family. A recent study by the U.S. Census Bureau comparing the U.S. with other developed countries found that the U.S. 3 has: 3 the highest divorce rate the highest number of children involved in divorce the highest teenage pregnancy rates the highest abortion rate in the world C the highest percentage of teen abortions in the world the highest percentage of children living in a single parent household * the highest percentage of violent deaths among youth Another recent report by the Select Committee, U.S. House of Representatives⁴, indicates other changes: * a significant drop in the proportion of children who live with children; two parents from 87.7% in 1960 to 72.7% in 1988 for all 3 A Child's World, U.S. Dept of Census, Nov '89. 4 : U.S. Children and their families: current conditions and recent trends, 1989. E199 Alier NOTRE DAME University of Notre Dame Director Public Relations Dennis K. Moore NEWS and Information 317 Main Building Assistant Directors Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 Michael 0. Garvey 1842-1992 219/239-7367 Cynthia Scott SESQUICENTENNIAL FAX 219/239-8212 Dennis K. Brown Community Service at Notre Dame: A Living Tradition When Holy Cross priest Edward F. Sorin founded the University of Notre Dame in 1842, he envisioned a place that not only would provide academic training, but also would serve the community and the world. In his "Chronicles," Sorin wrote: "This school will be one of the most powerful forces for good in this country." For the 150 years since, members of the Notre Dame family have attempted to follow Sorin's lead individually and collectively, engaging actively and often in a full spectrum of community service projects. An early example of such service is the work of women religious from Notre Dame during the Civil War. As fighting intensified in the early 1860s, the governor of Indiana appealed for help in tending to the wounded. Sisters of the Holy Cross responded immediately, helping nurse soldiers from both the Union and Confederate forces at hospitals in Missouri, Kentucky and Indiana. Several years later, when the city of Chicago was leveled by the fire of 1871, Notre Dame students held a fund-raising event on Nov. 4, with proceeds going to the "benefit of the Chicago sufferers." Eight years later, many Chicagoans returned the favor by helping rebuild the MORE 1st add/Community service University after fire destroyed the Main Building. In recent years more formal programs have been established to encourage and facilitate community service endeavors. At the forefront is the Center for Social Concerns. Established in 1983 under the auspices of the University's Institute for Pastoral and Social Ministry, the center offers an array of academic courses, lectures, seminars, films, educational programs and opportunities for service. Acting as catalysts for community service, Center staff members assist in coordinating the activities of students active in groups including Amnesty International, the American Red Cross, Upward Bound, the Knights of Columbus and the World Hunger Coalition. The Center also organizes several annual programs that put students into direct contact with those in need. Since 1967, more than 3,800 Notre Dame students have spent part of winter break engaged in an Urban Plunge — 48 hours of studying and experiencing the poverty, injustice and apathy decaying America's inner cities. The voluntary program includes an orientation workshop, selected reading before the Plunge and a writing assignment afterward. During fall and spring breaks, the Center's Appalachian Service Seminar takes students to Appalachia to help repair homes in the region. Some 730 students have made the trek to Appalachia since 1986. MORE 2nd add/Community service The Center also has sponsored more than 870 students in the innovative Notre Dame Summer Service Projects. Established in 1980, the program involves a network of Notre Dame undergraduates and alumni working together to help homeless people, battered women, runaway children, drug addicts, the developmentally disabled and other vulnerable members of society. The projects begin with Notre Dame graduates in alumni clubs nationwide identifying areas in their communities in need of assistance. After helping set up specific programs in which individual students can serve the community, alumni then host the students during the eight-week project. Yale, Stanford and other universities have established similar programs based on the Notre Dame model. The Summer Service Project is supported by the James F. Andrews Scholarship Fund, created in memory of the Notre Dame alumnus who cofounded Universal Press Syndicate. CILA - the Community for the International Lay Apostolate - reaches into Central and South America. The student-run group was established in 1961 and since then has sponsored two-month service projects each summer in Latin America as well as the United States. Notre Dame's president, Rev. Edward A. Malloy, C.S.C., participated in CILA as a student and has called the experience a turning point in his life. The Center for Social Concerns estimates that 70 percent of Notre Dame undergraduates participate annually in some form of MORE 3rd add/Community service volunteer service. In addition, about 10 percent of each year's graduating seniors take part in public service programs with the Peace Corps, Teach for America, Holy Cross Associates and others. Those who engage in such activities are recognized at a special commissioning ceremony each year in conjunction with the University's Commencement exercises. Notre Dame's latest effort to help those in need involves the Alumni Association Community Service Program. Executive Director Charles Lennon believes the University's 192 domestic alumni clubs should take part in "projects with a purpose" as "constructive alternatives to such social functions as sports gatherings, banquets and happy hours." The director of the community service program, Peter Pranica, is thought to be the first full-time staff member of any university alumni association whose exclusive responsibility is the coordination of service projects. He and his staff make alumni aware of people and programs in need of assistance, then provide them with support to meet the need. Said Lennon: "We believe that with our alumni using the resources of their alma mater and existing service programs, we can make a tangible, positive impact on society." While involved in projects across the country and around the world, Notre Dame students, faculty and staff also have lent assistance closer to home. MORE 4th add/Community service The national Christmas in April program - cosponsored locally by the city of South Bend and the University — is a one-day project in which thousands of volunteers from the campus and community restore and refurbish homes of elderly, handicapped or low-income residents in the area. James Roemer, the Notre Dame director of community relations, and the alumni association are helping alumni clubs in other cities initiate Christmas in April programs. In addition, the Center for the Homeless in downtown South Bend was established in 1988 by Notre Dame in cooperation with community leaders. Cited by Housing and Urban Development Secretary Jack Kemp as a model of cooperative social action, the center provided more than 51,000 meals and 24,000 nights of lodging in 1991. It also is one of just a handful of homeless centers that offers a full range of services, including alcohol counseling, mental health intervention, and job and housing assistance. The University continues to participate in the administration of the center, which is directed by Louis Nanni, a Notre Dame graduate and trustee. It is Lennon who perhaps best sums up the University's approach to serving others when he says: "With a college education comes a certain responsibility to use that knowledge for the common good." Sorin surely would agree. -30- Address to the Notre Dame Community by President Jimmy Carter Upon Reception of the Inaugural Notre Dame Award, March 23, 1992 Mrs. Carter: It's wonderful to be back here with Father Ted and Father Malloy and all of you great people who have come out this evening. The last time I was here it was for the dedication of the Hesburgh Center for Interna- tional Studies. I was excited about that because I think it is so important for us to get to know and love the people of the world. There are so many problems out there and so much suffering; the more we know about them, the more we are willing to open our hearts and to help the people of the world. As Jimmy speaks to you, you will see some of the things that we have been trying to do. This University can be of great force for international under- standing and for help for those who suffer. I am honored tonight by this award. Thank you so much. President Carter: Father Malloy, Father Hesburgh, fellow students from Notre Dame (we both have honorary degrees from Notre Dame so we feel part of the student body), it is nice to come back. I have been here two times before. The first time was during the 1976 campaign. There were not many more people than there are on the stage tonight to welcome me. Luckily, John Brademas was also along, so the audience was a little bit larger. I came back as President in 1977, and the audience was both large and enthusiastic. I did make what I thought were some profound comments, which have been de- scribed very beautifully by Father Malloy. I felt that our nation was greater than one to be filled with fear and hatred of the Soviet Union. Concerned, yes, vigilance, yes, but not hatred. And I thought that our nation should be measured by standards other than just how many nuclear weapons we could accumulate, matched almost one-by-one in the Soviet Union. Those times have passed, and I am grateful for it. Like Rosalynn, I am also very honored by this award, especially in its first year. Tonight I am going to talk about a few things, emphasizing three words that comprise the motto of Notre Dame this year. The first one is "inquiry," the second, "community," and the third, "belief." Before I start let me say that, not with any degree of false modesty, quite often a former President is honored beyond what he deserves, and I think that is the case tonight. I tried to think of a story that would illustrate this. I'm not a very good storyteller, but when I began running for president, a lot of people said, "Well, he's from Georgia, he doesn't have a chance to be elected, but he's a southerner so he knows how to tell funny stories." As a matter of fact, I Address to the Notre Dame Community by President Jimmy Carter Upon Reception of the Inaugural Notre Dame Award, March 23, 1992 page two didn't have that capability. In fact, it was my successor in the White House who was a good storyteller, but I did my best. During the four-year period I was in the White House, to be perfectly honest with you, my jokes went across very well. When I left the White House, I lost my touch except for one notable occasion when Rosalynn and I went in 1981 to visit China. We came back through Japan, and I made a few speeches -- I might say without fee. I went to a small college near Osaka, and I was invited to give the graduation address. There were about 800 students who were graduating, and everyone was very nervous, including me. I never had given a speech to a Japanese audience before (as you know, it takes longer to say things in Japanese than it does in English.) I had a very wonderful interpreter, and I knew everybody was up-tight, so I decided I would tell a joke to get the audience to loosen up a little bit. I knew how long it would take, so instead of getting the funniest joke I knew, I took the shortest joke I knew, left-over from an old governor's campaign. I told my short joke and the audience just collapsed in laughter. It was the best response I had ever gotten to a joke. I couldn't get through with my speech fast enough to go back and ask the interpreter, "How did you tell my joke?" The interpreter was very evasive, but I insisted. He finally bowed his head in embarrassment and said, "I told the audience, 'President Carter told a funny story everybody laugh.'" This event in my life illustrates some points I want to make tonight. Inquiry is the first word that addresses itself to Notre Dame's sesquicentennial, and I think all of us Americans, all of us Christians, all of us who have other faiths, understand the importance of looking at new ideas, searching for the truth in a troubled world, trying to answer questions that are not easy to answer, looking for solutions to multiple problems. At the Carter Center we try to look at new ideas. One of our basic principles is that we do not dupli- cate what others are doing. If the United Nations, or the U.S. government or the World Bank or the United Nations Development Program or Harvard University or Notre Dame is doing something, we don't do it. We try to look at new problems and new ideas. Another word that I would like to address is belief. There has to be some sense of what is our faith, what are the guiding principles in our life, what are the standards by which we measure ourselves as individuals, what are the standards by which we measure our nation or the community within which we have some influence? Address to the Notre Dame Community by President Jimmy Carter Upon Reception of the Inaugural Notre Dame Award page three And the third notion is community. What comprises our community? How do we find those who are, to use a biblical expression, "our neighbors?" I grew up in the South. And I grew up in a South that had a philosophy, a society, a social and political and legal commitment, based on constitutional theological interpretations, that white people were superior to black people. It was a given that there could not be an equality, there could not be an integra- tion, there could not be a sharing as brothers and sisters with each other. So, I am familiar with the ravages of discrimination because of race. Had it not been for the civil rights movement, had it not been for a change in the laws, I could never have been considered seriously as President of this country. Rosalynn and I have spent a lot of time in Ethiopia and Sudan, particu- larly in Sudan, a country torn apart by war between fundamentalist Muslim leaders and Christians and animists. In 1989, more than 260,000 people died in a year. Most of us, perhaps in this audience, didn't even know about it. So, while I am familiar with discrimination because of religion, I tell you that, unfortunately, the greatest plague of discrimination on earth today is the discrimination by the rich against the poor. Sometimes this is deliberate, but most of the time it's inadvertent. Most of the time it's non-acknowledged. Who are the rich, and who are the poor? I would say that everyone in this audience is rich, comparatively speak- ing. We have a home, we have food to eat that is adequate, we have health care and a modicum of education. Our children look forward to a fruitful life, we have some form of gainful employment now or the prospect of it in the future. We feel that the police and the criminal justice system is on our side. We think that if we make a decision it will have an effect, at least on our own lives. Those are measurements of wealth in human terms and we, most of us, have all those things. Many people don't have any of those things, and there is a tendency for us to wipe them out of our minds or address them in a superficial way. We have been honored here tonight, primarily, because we have lived in the White House. I don't say that to derogate the importance of the award, which we appreciate very much on a personal basis. But let me tell you how Rosalynn and I get the reputation for being worthy. The Carter Center is becoming a famous place. The executive director Address to the Notre Dame Community by President Jimmy Carter Upon Reception of the Inaugural Notre Dame Award, March 23, 1992 page four of the Carter Center is a man named William Foege, who is not famous. William Foege is an epidemiologist, perhaps one of the world's foremost leaders for preventive health care. He was the director for the Center for Disease Control for ten years. He was the man who orchestrated the eradica- tion of smallpox, which is the only disease ever eradicated. Seven years ago, leaders from the World Health Organization, UNICEF, the Rotary Clubs, Rockefeller Foundation, United Nations Development Program, came to the Carter Center and said in effect, "We have been trying to immunize the world's children. We have had polio vaccine thirty years, we have had measles vaccine more than sixteen years, but we still don't have twenty percent of the world's children immunized. Can you help us with it?" They didn't come to me -- they came to William Foege. And Bill Foege said, "Why don't we put together a task force so that when several agencies go into a country, they don't go in as competitors?" He put together at the Carter Center a task force on child survival. So now when we go into a country, it's a massive team. Although the money and the people have not in- creased substantially, in only five years we jumped from twenty percent of the world's children immunized to eighty percent. Jimmy Carter? No. Nor Rosalynn. But Bill Foege. We have now organized, under Dr. Foege's direction, a task force on disease eradication. It has been fourteen years since smallpox was eradicated, and no other disease has since been targeted for eradication. We have now targeted two more -- polio, with which most of you are familiar, and guinea worm. The Carter Center is in charge of eradicating guinea worm, which afflicts about ten million people a year in the poorest, most isolated rural areas in twenty-two nations of the world. The man in charge of that is a black scientist, a medical doctor named Don Hopkins, who worked for years studying how to prevent, how to cure guinea worm and now is working on how to eradicate it. We have also targeted polio. We will never have another case of wild or contagious polio in this hemisphere. We had our last one within the last ten months. South America, Central America, the Caribbean, North America will never have another case of polio by the end of the centu- ry. It won't be because of me, although the Carter Center is part of it. It will be because of Bill Foege and Don Hopkins. Address to the Notre Dame Community by President Jimmy Carter Upon Reception of the Inaugural Notre Dame Award, March 23, 1992 page five Every year for the last twenty years, the production of food grain per person has gone down in Africa. The average African citizen now has seventy calories less per day than twenty years ago. A starvation diet two decades ago is getting worse every year. We have in Africa, in Tanzania, in Sudan, in Guyana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, tens of thousands of small farmers who are now being taught how to rapidly increase their production of basic food grains -- corn, wheat, millet and sorghum. We can triple or quadruple their production the first year. The Carter Center helps with this. It's not I who does it, it's Dr. Norman Borlaug, a seventy-eight-year-old agricultural geneti- cist who won the Nobel Peace Prize and is famous for the "green revolution" in India and Pakistan. We get credit for what we call Global 2000 and for increasing food production in Africa, but it's not Jimmy Carter and it's not Rosalynn at the Carter Center, it's Dr. Norman Borlaug. When I go down the aisle to speak with people in the airplanes, they never say, or rarely say, "Thank you for Camp David," or "You did a good job as President," and so forth, they say, "We like what you're doing with Habitat for Humanity." And it's a wonderful program. It's now more than fifteen years old. We send out letters every year to get money, and Rosalynn and I go five days a year to act as carpenters. We're not the bosses on our house we are told what to do by the boss on our house who is sitting here tonight in the front row, LeRoy Troyer. The point is, when the television cameras come to look at the great work being done on a Habitat house, they don't concentrate on LeRoy Troyer or the others on the site, they concentrate on me and Rosalynn because we lived in the White House. The man and woman who founded Habitat, (who have been here to the Notre Dame cam- pus), Millard Fuller and his wife, Linda, are the ones responsible for the achievement in reducing homelessness on earth. We now have Habitat chapters in more than 700 American communities, on more than 200 universi- ty and college campuses, and in thirty-three foreign nations. This is the work of Millard and Linda Fuller. Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter, because we lived in the White House, get more publicity than do the people who founded and who worked every day of their lives doing something about the homeless. When I was in the White House, I was very concerned because increas- ingly I saw that very little attention was paid to conflicts on earth. I did some negotiation while I was in the White House, but when I got out I began to see more clearly that the wide range of conflicts were not being addressed by our community, our nation, by other nations or even by the United Nations. So Address to the Notre Dame Community by President Jimmy Carter Upon Reception of the Inaugural Notre Dame Award, March 23, 1992 page six we began to put together a program we called International Negotiating Network. I turned to a young woman who was an assistant U.S. attorney in northern Alabama. She was just a lawyer, not famous, but she has come to be an expert on the technique of resolving conflicts. Under her direction at the Emory University campus, we monitor every conflict on earth every day. You might be interested to know that, as of the first of February, there were 112 of them. This young woman's name is Dayle Powell. Dr. Powell supervises students who monitor these conflicts. Of the 112, some are minor in nature, but others are profoundly catastrophic. I mentioned already Sudan, where 260,000 people died in one year, and Ethiopia, where more than one million people died in war. Equally troubling are conflicts around the world about which we rarely hear. In Africa alone, in Somalia and Mozambique, as well as Ethiopia and Sudan, Western Sahara, and Liberia, tens of thousands of people die. In Liberia alone, more than half the total population is displaced from their homes -- 600,000 refugees, and we barely know about it. The problem is that of these major wars (there are 32 of them) none is between two countries. They're all civil wars, domestic wars, wars among neighbors at home. The tragedy is that the United Nations is precluded from dealing with these wars in almost every case, because it's not proper for a UN official or even an American ambassador to communicate with revolutionaries who are trying to overthrow a government member of the UN or one to which our ambassador is accredited. There is a vacuum there, and increasingly the Carter Center is marshalling scientific methods of negotiating, mediating, trying to bring about cease-fires, and increasingly turning to elections. All this is under the direction of an unknown young woman named Dayle Powell. Let me close this part by talking to you about another problem. I mention international affairs because that's the thrust of this award, but international also includes our own country. Increasingly we have become concerned about problems in American cities and communities. Perhaps the origin of this was Millard Fuller and Habitat for Humanity dealing with people who don't have, and never have had, a decent home. We've seen their lives transformed as they get a house for the first time. There's no charity in- volved. They have to put in 500 to 2,000 hours building their own house, as well as a neighbor's house. They have to pay full price for the house when it gets built, but we don't charge any interest and we don't take any profit, so poor people can afford a house. In some cases, these people have never had Address to the Notre Dame Community by President Jimmy Carter Upon Reception of the Inaugural Notre Dame Award, March 23, 1992 page seven their ancestors or themselves finish high school, but they move into a Habitat house and in just a few days they're deciding which college their children will attend. Housing is important, but it's only one aspect of increasingly blighted American communities affecting people who quite often are our next-door neighbors, who live within 100 yards sometimes of where we live or work or go to school. Forty-five percent of all the black kids in this country are born in poverty. A baby has a better chance to survive in Bangladesh than Harlem. Twenty-five percent of our young black men are either in prison or on proba- tion and the situation is getting worse. It's people who don't have the basic necessities of life, who have dropped out of school or who have teenage pregnancies or children without basic health care. It's mothers who never see a doctor before the day of birth, communities where drug addiction is becom- ing rampant and where crime increases like a skyrocket. Atlanta is a great city, a beautiful city. We have always had great relationships between our black and white leaders. In competition with the rest of the world, we won the right to have the Olympics in 1996. We were chosen last November as an outstanding city for business investments by Fortune Magazine. But still Atlanta is getting worse and worse. In the last five years alone, we've had a 300 percent increase in crimes of violence among our young people. In the same juvenile courts we've had (listen to this) a seventeen-hundred percent increase in five years in drug-related crimes. These are our next-door neighbors for whom we are directly responsible. How many of them do we know? How many poor people do we know who do not have a home? There are 12,000 of them in Atlanta alone. Atlanta is certainly not the worst city of all, it's one of the better ones. Twelve-hundred government apartments are boarded up with no one living in them. How many people do we know who have never had a decent job? We don't really know these people, and that is our responsibility as American citizens. I'll close by giving you one incident that Rosalynn mentioned at supper tonight. We now have set up in Atlanta a program to deal with the urban problems of our great city, and we hope that we can move from there to other cities around the nation with something like an America Project. One of the key players in this is a young man named Neil Shorthouse, who came as a Address to the Notre Dame Community by President Jimmy Carter Upon Reception of the Inaugural Notre Dame Award, March 23, 1992 page eight flower-child from San Francisco at the end of the 1960s. He and another young man named Bill Milliken (not very famous) lived as white boys in a neighborhood with African-Americans. They slept on a pallet, and they began to try to get to know the poor people who lived around them, which many of us don't ever do. They finally ascertained, that of every hundred children who are at risk, thirty-four people are supposed to be responsible for those children -- schoolteachers, counselors, policemen, health care workers, Boy Scout executives, and so forth. What is needed is a network of sharing and under- standing. Neil Shorthouse and Bill Milliken -- not famous, but deserve to be famous. Neil and I went through a middle school in one of the troubled neigh- borhoods in Atlanta not long ago. We chose one with a famous name -- Martin Luther King, Jr. Middle School. We visited the 6th, 7th and 8th graders that go to school there bright kids, beautifully dressed compared to what my children wore when they went to school. They knew that Jimmy Carter was the 39th President; they knew that Jimmy Carter was from Geor- gia; they knew the date on which Jimmy Carter was elected; they knew Jimmy Carter's wife's name was Rosalynn. But they didn't think I was Jimmy Carter until the principal convinced them and showed them a photograph. Then they began asking me wonderful questions -- very effervescent, very intelligent questions, very intriguing questions. When I got through, I asked the princi- pal, "These are such bright kids what's your main problem with them?" and she said, "The boys believe that their avenue to success, to prestige, to influ- ence is to own a semi-automatic weapon." And I said, "What about the girls?" and she said, "Pregnancy is our growing problem." I said, "I've heard about teenage pregnancy -- that's terrible." She said, "What you don't under- stand, Mr. President, is that the 6th graders have more of a problem than the 7th and 8th graders." I said, "I can't believe it, I have a granddaughter who is only 12 years old, and these are 12-year-old girls -- why is that?" She replied, "I don't know if you want to know. The drug pushers and pimps prefer sex with the little girls. They're cheaper, they're less able to defend themselves and they're not as likely to have AIDS." And this is not Bangladesh and it's not Addis Ababa it's one of the shining cities of America of which we are proud. Where are the heroes? The heroes are among the people like Bill Foege, Norman Borlaug and Dayle Powell and Millard Fuller and Don Hopkins and Neil Shorthouse and Bill Milliken and those who work in the Address to the Notre Dame Community by President Jimmy Carter Upon Reception of the Inaugural Notre Dame Award, March 23, 1992 page nine classrooms and on the police beats and in the school lunchrooms and in the clinics. People whom we never know. The heroes are also the poor, who are our neighbors who are struggling for a better life. Let me mention one other thing about belief. It is time for us to take a look at our nation and ourselves. It's a time of the end of the cold war. As I mentioned here in 1977, it's time for America to put forward its best charac- ter. How do you measure the best character? It's not easy to measure, I know, but we can take some thought from the words of Saint Paul when he was asked a similar question, and he reminded us that it's not the measure- ments that we human beings apply to ourselves, it's not how big a house we have or how many cars we have or our bank account or our security in our old age or even the level of intelligence or educational ability or esteem or fame or awards. It's the things that Paul said you cannot see and you cannot feel and you cannot count. Those are the kind of things Notre Dame puts forward and has put forward for the last 150 years of its vision. What is it that you can't see or count or feel? They are things like justice and peace and service and unselfishness and compassion and sharing and, if you'll excuse the expression, love. Bush Quayle ****** EXCERPTS OF REMARKS FOR VICE PRESIDENT GEORGE BUSH NOTRE DAME UNIVERSITY ADDRESS SOUTH BEND, INDIANA TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 1, 1988 The campaign is in its final week and we're close to decision day. So this is a good time to let the smoke lift from the battlefield and talk about what the fight is really all about. There have been a lot of charges and countercharges the past few weeks, been some painting in broad strokes -- and that's not all bad. In fact, it was inevitable. We are fighting for something big here -- the future of a great nation. And some of the differences between my opponent and me are SO deep and wide they demand broad strokes. on taxes, crime and America's place in the world, you could probably call the distance between us "the great divide." It's not a divide that has to do with different degrees of conviction. At the last debate I was asked all of a sudden to name some things about Governor Dukakis that I like, and I said with conviction that I think he is a sincere man with a wonderful family. He has sincere beliefs: I have sincere beliefs. But those beliefs are totally different, different in their assumptions and different in their implications. And it seems to me, after six months of a hard fought campaign, that what it all comes down to is this: One of us represents the American mainstream -- and one of us does not. One of us holds mainstream views and stands for mainstream values -- and one of us does not. And "mainstream" isn't just the middle -- it's the big full-hearted center, it's the traditions and the faith and the beliefs that have guided this country for 200 years. We come from different places and we start with different premises. I respect common sense; I respect tradition. You can't become hidebound but it's good, now and then, when asked about your position on a question, to think first: how has man answered 733 15th Street, N.W. Suite 800 Washington, D.C. 20005 202/842-1988 Paid for by Bush-Quayle 88 002 2 this question for centuries now? You know why? Because man has had his reasons. Maybe they don't stand up today, but maybe they do. And by "man" I mean "mankind, and by "mankind" I mean the men and women of the world. Does my opponent respect old fashioned common sense? I think he's guided more by abstract theories and grids and graphs and computer printouts and the history of Swedish social planning; I suspect he's guided more by ideas about the way men and women should be than the way they are. I'm being a little facetious here. But I'm also making a larger point: that you can be very well meaning and very sincere about improving the lot of man, but if you stick too close to the grids and the graphs you can lose your appreciation of what's real -- and you can become, for all your intellectual attainment, disconnected from common sense. Let me be more specific about the great divide. I know how to get peace. And I know how to keep it. I know that strength and clarity lead to peace, that weakness and ambivalence lead to war. My opponent's view? Far as I can make out he views American strength with anxiety and America's role with ambivalence. I am wary of taxes; I do not like them; I will not raise them. My opponent is not, does, and will. Why the difference? I think I see more clearly that the economic engine runs better with lower taxes. I see the father and mother at the dinner table counting up the bills, and realize again that "the power to tax is the power to destroy." I know it's a tough call for some, but I believe that the death penalty is a fair and just punishment for crimes of extraordinary cruelty and violence, particularly involving the death of police officers. My opponent does not. I would like for our children to have the right to say a voluntary prayer or observe a moment of silence in the schools. My opponent disagrees. But to get the true size of what divides us you have to go back in time. I came to power with Ronald Reagan only eight years ago, but it was another world. The economy had been sinking, and so were our hopes that we'd continue as a force in the world. For me, the symbol of the era was the helicopters sinking in the sand of Desert one. I recall this with no pleasure: those were painful times. But we rolled up our sleeves and sent out a message: 88 16:34 FROM OUP STAFF SEC TO BQ ST-SEC PAGE. 003 3 "The slide stops now the comeback begins today." We lowered taxes, forced down inflation, cut the rate of government spending and cut regulation. The result: the greatest, most expansive peacetime economic boom in American history. DO you know what our opponents said about what we were doing? They said we'd ruin the economy. They said we'd cause massive unemployment. But now, as you know, unemployment is at a historic low. They said we'd cause massive inflation. Now it's a third of what it was. Our job now is to see that the economy isn't tied to the old business cycle but breaks free, so the boom isn't followed by bust but is more like rolling thunder. In foreign affairs we built up our defenses, walked unbowed to the bargaining table and asked the Soviets to join us. When they refused we continued to rebuild, knowing that if overtures wouldn't work, strength would. It did. They came to the table, and the talks that followed produced the first agreement to ban a whole generation of nuclear weapons. Eight years ago we took on the status quo and challenged the defeatism that others called deep thinking. Sometimes they called us radical, and in truth we did seem different. But what we led wasn't a revolution but a return -- a return to common sense, basic truths, and timeless values. Has it all been triumph? No. But it's triumph compared to what we had. That's why I believe Ronald Reagan was right when he talked about the American desire for change. He said, We ARE the change. I believe in change -- not volatile change, not ill- thought-out change, not change for a slogan or a pose. I believe in change that is improvement, change that means let's together try to make the world better. And I don't want to be abstract. Sometimes to say big things you have to generalize with big statements, but it's this simple and this direct: The decision we make next week will affect all our lives. It will make a difference in your life. When you take big things like "peace" and "the economy" and define them down to concrete terms, you realize you're talking about families -- and homes -- and the grocery bill -- and the OVP STAFF SEC TO BQ ST-SEC PAGE. 004 4 mortgage -- and the dentist -- and the cost of college -- and will your children have jobs, and will they have it as good as we did. I know those concerns. Five children. I used to have to wonder in the '70's, are they going to be okay, will they have a chance too, as big a chance as Barbara and I did. Now we've got ten grandchildren and every time I think of our relationship with the Soviets I think of the two youngest, Ellie and Marshall, aged two. It's not abstract, it's real, I've been there. That's why H care so much: because it's personal. Let me tell you about the changes I wish to make. I'll start with what I won't do, and then tell you what I will. I won't raise your taxes, and for three good reasons: you're not undertaxed -- a tax hike would slow the economy -- and if we raise more revenues, the Congress will just treat it as more money to spend. I won't accept big new spending. I may have a difference with the Congress on this. I will try to work with them. But if the people vote for me on November 8th to keep taxes and spending down, and Congress doesn't listen to the will of the people, then I'll have to use the veto. I won't allow what seems to be the desire of the liberals in Congress to "Europeanize" the American economy. By that I mean tying it up with so many rules, regulations, mandates and tax forms that it grows muscle-bound and can no longer move or grow. It would be ironic if we did this to ourselves just as our European allies are freeing themselves -- by emulating us! I won't let anyone balance the budget by gutting defense. I'll have to make tough calls on setting priorities in defense spending. I am pledged to those money saving Pentagon reforms. But I will not tear down the build-up that was the parent of our current peace! I mean to keep us strong while keeping my ol' businessman's eye on the bottom line. I respect bottom lines -- I just know they're not the only line on the ledger. Those are things I won't do. But leadership is more "will" than "won't," and I want you to know exactly what I will do. I will be an activist president. I want this job because I want to do things. I will continue to build a strong defense. T. will pursue more progress with the Soviet Union. -more- 5 I will work with Congress to reach agreement on a flexible budget freeze to get spending under control. I will move, here at home, to halt the pollution of our environment and do more to clean up our lakes and rivers and oceans and air. I will appoint a strong cabinet -- a vigorous new leadership to build on our progress -- to bring new approaches and new ideas. I will work with Governors, Congress and educators to set high standards for our schools, to reward success and increase educational opportunity -- especially for the poor. I will continue to speak for and push for a return of solid values, including respect and non-violence. If history is a guide, the next president will have a high number of seats to fill on the Supreme Court. I will appoint moderate persons of conservative views. I believe my opponent would appoint doctrinaire liberals. That's what he did in Massachusetts. But the excessive judicial activism of the '60s and '70s is one reason Americans turned against that kind of liberalism by the '80s. This is no time to go back. And I want to say something here: I have had some programmatic differences, but I respect the tradition of Harry Truman and FDR, a liberalism that was committed abroad and concerned at home, a liberalism that spoke for some good things like civil rights. But. some of today's liberals do not see as clearly as their forefathers. A civil rights infraction is still a crime to them -- but street crime, violent crime is somehow beneath their notice; it doesn't register. And if YOU bring it up they'l call you insensitive or backward. I see that violent crime is a great civil rights question of our time -- that the victims of crime are not the rich and the wall connected, but the working poor and the young and the old -- and that an old woman who is afraid to go out for bread after dark is every bit as oppressed as a political prisoner in a totalitarian country. You may have noticed I've seen a lot of police lately, received a lot of endorsements. Someone said recently, "Oh the police, they always support Republicans." Well let me tell you, you've seen the men and women lined up around me when they announce their support. I turn back and look at them and it's like going to a Knights of Columbus meeting or the union hall: those are Democrats -- they come from Democratic homes -- and -more- PAGE 006 6 they left their party. And they keep leaving not just because their party doesn't take them seriously, but because it doesn't take our values seriously: an unambivalent strength abroad, and a wise and sensible kindliness at home. Well, come January, I hope I can show them, "My house is your house." There are other questions before us. I have spoken of a kinder, gentler nation, and I plan to speak about it for the next eight years. And I start from this premise: In America these days there is prosperity -- and that's good, even if it DOES sometimes upset the fringe liberals. But, when it comes to wealth, some of them are like the stern old Calvinist who was up all night worrying that someone somewhere was out having a good time. Wealth isn't bad in and of itself -- but it's not an end in and of itself either. It's just a beginning. The percentage of our people who are poor has gone down significantly during the economic expansion of the last six years. But because our population is growing, the absolute number has grown. And what about them? We can't go back to the old ways of trying to buy our way out of the problem. We tried that for decades, for generations, and it didn't work. I'm not going to become president just to indulge some more failures. But I'm not going to turn away from this problem just because so far it's been unsolvable. I think we've got to take a new look at why things are the way they are; I think new ideas and a new cooperation are in order. These days, now more than ever, we must hold together and hold fast. We need a greater cohesion in our country, a new engagement in the lives of others. And finally, let me tell you one thing I've learned in life: It's that decisions are made by people, by very human men and women who base them on experience, on what they've seen and valued. So it matters who we are, we who seek the presidency. And here's the funny thing. Talk as we will, the fact is no one who runs for the presidency knows exactly what he'll face when he gets there. Somehow it's always a surprise. Lincoln was referring to this when he said, "I plainly confess that events have controlled me, more than I have controlled them." PAGE. 007 7 All you can know is history. And how once, during a crucial moment in the Cuban missile crisis, John Kennedy held two cablas. one, from Nikita Khrushchev, offered a peaceful way out of the crisis. The other, also from Khrushchev, had arrived shortly after the first -- but it's tone was more belligerent and aggressive. Kennedy wondered what to do -- and made a decision that was brilliant in its simplicity. He decided to answer the good cable and ignore the bad one. As you know it worked. A cataclysm averted. How did Kennedy know what to do? Well, he had experience in the rough and roiling world of politics, where tempers get frayed and composure lost. He was tough -- he'd been toughened by war and the call of high ambition. And he was patient. Harry Truman was in the Oval Office in 1945 when he was faced with the awesome question of what to do about a devastated Europe. Roosevelt was dead, the war was over, and a weary America longed for quiet. But Truman looked at Europe, saw Stalin poised at one end and famine at the other, and made the decision to mount the Marshall Plan. And then he saved Greece from communism. He succeeded at both brilliantly. How did he know what to do? Well, a tough and flinty character that said the big battles are worth fighting for -- a moral sense that said we can't yield Europe's freedom to our exhaustion -- and a workaday common sense that said that strategically, we just couldn't afford to lose a continent of allies. The Oval Office requires an unflashy good judgement, a reliable calm; it requires that you know the difference between important and crucial, between desired and necessary. It demands an ability to take the long view, and to take short term heat to win long term gain. It is the place of cutting moments -- the moments that cut through the expected and the everyday and force us, through action, to define ourselves. I don't know what the cutting moments will be for the next President. But I know they'll come. And I know I'm prepared -- at least as prepared as you can be. I am no mystic, and my leadership will not be the most charismatic. But I'm not sure we need a lot of razzle dazzle. There's probably enough drama in the world already. 88 16:38 FROM OVP STAFF SEC TO BQ ST-SEC PAGE. 008 8 But I'll try to be fair; I'll try to be wise; and I'll listen. And SO you know my hopes and aspirations; you know what I intend to do. And now the day of decision nears; and now you must choose your side in the great divide. I ask for your support; I need your help. I need your vote. Every vote counts. And I want you to send out the word to everyone you know, to everyone who cares about you. Tell them we need their help, your parents and your brothers and your sisters and your friends and the teachers and the nurses and the lawyers and the bus drivers -- everyone, now, tell them: We need your help. And now you can tell your children and grandchildren that on a cool crisp day in the month of November in 1988 you helped a future president -- and he will never forget it. Thank you. And God bless you all. * * * * Fighting Irish Facts NOTRE dame OUTLOOK Fighting Irish Facts is an alphabetical glossary that includes notes, quotes and trivia on a long list of subjects related to Notre Dame's athletic program and the people involved with it: ACADEMICS-Notre Dame-long a leader in producing Academic All-America athletes-added to that reputation in 1990 when former Irish quarterback Joe Theismann was named to the GTE Academic All-America Hall of Fame, as selected by the College Sports Information Directors of America. Theismann, who was introduced at the induction in Los Angeles by coach Ara Parseghian, joined a class that also included Jamaal Wilkes of UCLA, Howard Twilley of Tulsa and Steve Taylor of Delaware. Theismann became the first Notre Dame athlete elected to a hall of fame that included Princeton's Bill Bradley, Army's Pete Dawkins, USC's Pat Haden, Maryland's Tom McMillen and Utah State's Merlin Olsen among its first two classes of inductees. Theismann, who earned a vs. 3.30 grade-point average in sociology at Notre Dame. currently serves as a professional football analyst for ESPN. AGENDA-Here's the schedule for the Notre Dame football team as it points for the 1991 campaign: Thursday, August 8 Freshman players report for evening meal Tuesday, August 13 -- Varsity players report for evening meal Wednesday, August 14 Media Day Thursday, August 15 Notre Dame students created a commemorative T-shirt for the 1990 Notre Dame-Miami -- First day of practice football game and proceeds from its sale helped offset the catastrophic medical expenses of Monday, August 19 a Chinese graduate student at the University. More than 20,000 shirts were marketed and -- First day of practice in full pads more than $100,000 was raised for Zheng-de Wang, who was struck by a hit-and-run Monday, August 26 driver near campus exactly a year prior to the October 20 date of the '90 game. Wang, a -- Registration Tuesday, August 27 28-year-old doctoral candidate in sociology, was comatose in a South Bend hospital for -- First day of classes several months and remains confined to a wheelchair. Wang returned to China in July 1991. Photo by Bruce Harlan. Saturday, September 7 -- Season opener vs. Indiana Glory's mantle cloaks thee, ANNOUNCERS-Mike Collins, news anchor at Golden is thy fame, ALMA MATER-Composed by Joseph J. WNDU-TV in South Bend (the NBC affiliate) and And our hearts forever, Casasanta (a 1923 Notre Dame graduate), "Notre a 1967 Notre Dame graduate, serves as the voice of Praise thee, Notre Dame. Dame, Our Mother" has been the alma mater of Notre Dame Stadium. He's in his 10th season as And our hearts forever, the University since it was written for the Oct. 11, public address announcer after taking over for Love thee, Notre Dame. 1930, dedication of Notre Dame Stadium. The Frank Crosiar, who held the job from 1948 through song, written in honor of its patron, Blessed Virgin the end of the '81 campaign without missing any of Mary, is part of the halftime show of the Band of ALUMNUS-Irish head coach Lou Holtz on April the 170 home games during that period. Calling the 27, 1990 was made an honorary alumnus of the the Fighting Irish and is the traditional conclusion action inside the press box is John H. "Jack" to Notre Dame pep rallies. University of Notre Dame. Voted by the national Lloyd, a 1958 Notre Dame graduate who also board of directors of the Notre Dame Alumni serves as the public address announcer for Notre Association, the action marked only the ninth time an Notre Dame, Our Mother Dame basketball games at the Joyce Athletic and Tender, strong and true, individual had been accorded that honor. Among the Convocation Center and handles press box duties at previous eight recipients were former football Proudly in the heavens, Chicago Bear games at Soldier Field. coaches Ara Parseghian and Gerry Faust and former Gleams the Gold and Blue, basketball coach Digger Phelps. General Information School University of Notre Dame Provost Location Dr. O. Timothy O'Meara Notre Dame, IN 46556 Enrollment Exec. Vice Pres. Rev. E. William Beauchamp, C.S.C. 9,829 Athletic Director Richard A. Rosenthal Colors Gold and Blue Head Coach Lou Holtz Conference Independent Holtz Record at Notre Dame 46-14-0 Stadium (five years), 767 Notre Dame Stadium (59,075) Career Record Turf 162-79-5 (21 years), .669 Natural Grass Offensive Formation President Multiple Rev. Edward A. Malloy, C.S.C. Defensive Formation 50/Eagle 150 1837 -- Father Desielle dies; Father Benjamin Marie Petit runs the Years mission at the age of 26. 5 NOTRE DAME University of Notre Dame Director Public Relations Dennis K. Moore NEWS and Information 317 Main Building Assistant Directors Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 Michael 0. Garvey 1842-1992 219/239-7367 Cynthia Scott SESQUICENTENNIAL FAX 219/239-8212 Dennis K. Brown 5/92 Noted Alumni Archbishop Raymond G. Hunthausen of Seattle Archbishop William Borders of Baltimore Tony Bill, film producer Phil Donahue, television celebrity Don Ohlmeyer, television producer Daniel Lundgren, Attorney General of California Ron Mazzoli, Democratic Congressman from Kentucky Ken Woodward, senior writer, Newsweek magazine AI Decrane, chief executive officer of Texaco John Elson, assistant managing editor, Time magazine Robert Galvin, chairman of Motorola Bruce Babbitt, former governor of Arizona Dr. James Muller, cofounder of Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War Donald Rice, secretary of the Air Force Frank Sullivan, president of Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Co. John Burgee, architect Judge John F. Kilenny, U.S. Court of Appeals 9th Circuit Judge Ann Williams, first black women of federal bench (Detroit) Percy A. Pierre, president of Prairie View A & M Condoleeza Rice, top White House expert on the Soviet military, faculty member, Stanford. NOTED ALUMNI 5/92 Page 2. John Kinsella, chairman of Leo Burnette Advertising Agency Aubrey Lewis, vice president of F.W. Woolworth Jerome (Gary) Cooper, president of Christian Benevolent Insurance Company, first black general (Marines) in history of Reserves William Pfaff, political commentator and syndicated columnist resident in Paris Archbishop Marcos McGarth of Panama Thomas P. Carney, president, Metatech Corporation Edmond R. Haggar, chairman of the board, the Haggar Company John B. Caron, president, Caron International Dr. Anita Pampusch James D. Wetherbee, astronaut Hannah Storm, sportscaster Rep. Joseph McDade, R-Pa. Regis Philbin, television personality Gen. Patrick Brady, Army Philip Purcell, CEO of Dean Witter Emilio Garza, Appeals Court Judge Donald Wycliff, Chicago Tribune editorial page editor Terry O'Neil, NBC sports Edward DeBartolo, chairman of the board of DeBartolo Corp. Eddie DeBartolo, San Francisco 49ers Alan Page, assistant attorney general of Minnesota Thomas Day, president of San Diego State University NOTRE DAME University of Notre Dame Director Public Relations Dennis K. Moore NEWS and Information 317 Main Building Assistant Directors Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 Michael 0. Garvey 1842-1992 219/239-7367 Cynthia Scott SESQUICENTENNIAL FAX 219/239-8212 Dennis K. Brown May 1992 From: Dennis Brown Notre Dame Commencement Speakers Past and Present University of Notre Dame graduates have heard from a diverse group of Commencement speakers through the years: presidents, prime ministers and other politicos; ambassadors, actors and attorneys; writers, editors and educators; judges, generals and even a G-man. President Bush, the University's Sesquicentennial Year Commencement speaker, is the fourth U.S. president to address a Notre Dame graduating class. Although this is his first presidential trip to Notre Dame, Bush as vice president visited the campus on three occasions, the last in 1988 one week before his election. On June 5, 1960, President Dwight Eisenhower delivered the University's first presidential commencement speech, interrupting the 45th reunion of his class at the U.S. Military Academy to make the trip. President Jimmy Carter made what many regard as the key foreign policy address of his presidency at the 1977 exercises. The president spoke of a diminishing threat from the Soviet Union, a notion dismissed as naive at the time but which proved prophetic. Four years later, security was exceptionally tight when President Ronald Reagan made his first public appearance after the attempt on his life in March 1981. Reagan had had an indirect association with Notre Dame ever since his portrayal of Fighting Irish football legend George Gipp in the 1940 film "Knute MORE 1st add/Commencement speakers Rockne, All-American." The president was reunited with his costar in the movie, Pat O'Brien, who also received an honorary degree. Surprisingly, President John F. Kennedy - the nation's only Catholic president - never visited Notre Dame during his three years in office. He did, however, deliver the 1950 winter Commencement address and in 1961 received the Laetare Medal in a White House ceremony. Kennedy's grandfather, John F. Fitzgerald, and father, Joseph P. Kennedy, served as Notre Dame Commencement speakers in 1915 and 1941, respectively. JFK's brother-in-law, former Peace Corps director R. Sargent Shriver, spoke to the class of 1961. The profile of Commencement speakers in Notre Dame's early years was considerably lower than that of presidents and such - with one exception. Founded in 1842 by Holy Cross priest Father Edward F. Sorin, the University held its inaugural Commencement in 1845, and the first with true graduates took place four years later. Neal Gillespie and Richard Shortis received Notre Dame's first diplomas and Gillespie was one of several speakers to address the assembly. Commencement speakers for the next several years included local educators, priests and attorneys, but that changed in 1865 when the guest of honor was Civil War Gen. William T. Sherman, commander of the famous "March to the Sea." During the war, Sherman had sent two sons, Willy and Tommy, to Notre Dame and a daughter, Minnie, to Saint Mary's College. All three were enrolled in the Minims department for children ages 6-13. Willy died of "camp fever" during summer vacation in 1863 and the visit to Notre Dame two years later was emotionally trying for Sherman. The New York Tablet reported that Sherman received a "hearty cheer" from the Notre Dame students. He spoke at length on the "dangers of the battle of life" awaiting the graduates, but assured them of the "final triumph of the right." Of the remainder of the 19th century Commencement speakers, Rev. J. Lancaster Spalding is the standout. Notre Dame's most prolific Commencement MORE 2nd add/Commencement speakers speaker, the bishop from Peoria addressed the graduates in 1878, '86, '90, '91, '95 and '99. During the first two decades of the 20th century, Notre Dame began to attract politicians and government officials as Commencement speakers, among them Sen. John Gearin of Oregon, Secretary of the Navy Joseph Bonaparte (later attorney general in Theodore Roosevelt's administration), Gov. Thomas Marshall of Indiana, Gov. James Cox of Ohio, Sen. Joseph Ransdell of Louisiana, and the previously mentioned John F. Fitzgerald, mayor of Boston. Other notable speakers through the years included Dr. William Mayo, cofounder of the Mayor Clinic, in 1936; J. Edgar Hoover, the FBI director who spoke at the 1942 centennial year graduation ceremonies; and Supreme Court Chief Justice Earl Warren in 1957. Since 1960, the principal speakers at Commencement have been increasingly well known, coming from all walks of life. Among them: Politicians Henry Cabot Lodge (1962), Eugene McCarthy (1967) and Andrew Young (1988). Canadian Prime Ministers Lester Pearson (1963) and Pierre Trudeau (1982), and Salvadoran President (and Notre Dame alumnus) Jose Napoleon Duarte (1985). Former Yale University President Kingman Brewster Jr. (1972), former Harvard University President Derek Bok (1987) and UCLA professor Rosemary Park (1974). Urban League Executive Director Vernon Jordan (1976). Journalists William F. Buckley Jr. (1978) and Margaret O'Brien Steinfels (1991). Actor Bill Cosby (1990) and former commissioner of baseball Peter Ueberroth (1989). Cardinal Joseph Bernardin (1983) and Bishop James Malone (1986). -30- JUNE COMMENCEMENT SPEAKERS 1900 Rt. Rev. John J. Glennon, Bishop of Kansas City, Missouri 1901 Rt. Rev. John Shanley, Bishop of Fargo, North Dakota 1902 Hon. William P. Breen, AB'77, AM'80 Fort Wayne 1903 Hon. John M. Gearin, Senator from Oregon 1904 Hon. Admin. Charles Joseph Bonaparte, Secretary of the Navy, Att'y Gen. in T.Roosevelt (Scholastic Vol. 54:549) 1905 Judge Marcus A. Kavanagh of Chicago (Scholastic Vol. 38:478,559,582) 1906 Rev. D.J. Stafford of Washington, D.C. (Scholastic Vol. 39:432,554,560) 1907 Rev. John Talbot Smith, author, lecturer (Scholastic Vol. 40:601) 1908 Baccalaureate Oration - Hon. Charles P. Neill, U.S. Commissioner of Labor (Scholastic Vol. 41: 586, 614) 1909 Hon. Hannis Taylor, former U.S. Minister to Spain; authority on International Law (Scholastic Vol. 42:559,631,633) 1910 Governor Thomas Riley Marshall of Indiana (Scholastic Vol. 43:34:554,507) 1911 Sir Charles Fitzpatrick, Chief Justice of the Dominion of Canada (Scholastic Vol. 44:499) 1912 Rt. Rev. Thomas F. Hickey, Rochester, New York (Scholastic Vol. 45:491,555,601) 1913 James M. Cox, Governor of Ohio (Scholastic Vol.46:545,577,602) 1914 Joseph E. Ransdell, U.S. Senator from Louisiana (Scholastic Vo1.47;33;734-37:756) 1915 John F. Fitzgerald, ex-Mayor of Boston (Scholastic 48:422:585) 1916 Judge Martin Joseph Wade of the United States District Court of Iowa (Scholastic Vol. 49:618,622) 1917 Rt. Rev. Joseph Chartrand, Coadjutor of Indianapolis (Scholastic Vol.50:555,652) 1918 Edward N. Hurley, Chairman of the U.S. Shipping Board (Scholastic Vol.51:561) 1919 Monsignor F.B.D. Bickerstaffe-Drew (John Ayscough), English war chaplain and novelist (David I. Walsh, U.S. Senator from Mass. was on the program to deliver the Commencement address but was called back to Washington. His part was taken 1920 Hon. Morgan Joseph O'Brien of New York City (Scholastic ) 53:524) by Bickerstaffe-Drew) (Scholastic Vol.52:554 1921 David I. Walsh, U.S. Senator from Mass. 1922 Kickham Scanlan, Chief Justice of the Criminal Court, Chicago (Scholastic Vol. 55:844) 1923 Thomas Lindsey Elayney of Rice Institute, Houston 1924 Hon. Woodbridge Nathan Ferris 1925 Edmond H. Moore, Democratic National Committee from Ohio, Att'y, Youngstown (Scholastic Vol.55:902) OF NOTRE DAME COPY MADE ONLY FOR READING BY THE PURCHASE UNIVERSITY * IT MUST NOT BE PUBLISHED, IN WHOLE OR IN VES PART, OR SOLD OR GIVEN AWAY. NOR MAY OTHER COPIES BE MADE, WITHOUT SPECIAL PERMISSION. UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME ARCHIVES NOTRE UND INDIANA June Commencement Speakers p.2 1926 Judge Dudley G. Wooten, Professor of Law in Hoynes College of Law, Notre Dame (Scholastic Vol. 59:934) 1927 Alfred J. Talley, New York City 1928 Francis O'Shaughnessy, Chicago Attorney (ND Alumnus Vol. 6:364) 1929 Col. William J. Donovan, Buffalo, N.Y., War hero, former Ass't. Att'y Gen. of the U.S. (ND Alumnus Vol. 7:301) 1930 Claude G. Bowers, author, editor, orator; gave the key-note speech at the convention which nominated Al Smith 1931 Angus D. McDonald, Pres. Southern Pacific Railroad in Louisiana and Texas (Scholastic Vol.64:952) 1932 Owen D. Young, New York City financier (Scholastic Vol. 65:28:3) 1933 Paul V. McNutt, Governor of Indiana (Scholastic Vol. 66:28:5) 1934 Hon. Frank C. Walker, Chairman of the Council on Emergency Relief (Scholastic Vol. 67:25:7) 1935 Shane Leslie, essayist and dramatist (Scholastic 68:26:1) 1936 Dr. William J. Mayo, Co-founder of Mayo Clinic (Scholastic 69:26:8) 1937 Dennis F. Kelly, President of the Fair, Chicago department store (Scholastic Vol. 70:20:3) 1938 Hon. Terence Byrne Cosgrove, Attorney in San Francisco (Scholastic 71:26:15) 1939 William H. Harrison, Vice-President and chief engineer of ATandT (Scholastic 72:25:3) 1940 David Worth Clark, Senior Senator from Idaho (Scholastic Vol. 73:26:5) 1941 Joseph P. Kennedy (Scholastic Vol. 74:26:2) 1942 J. Edgar Hoover, Director of the F.B.I. (Scholastic Vol. 75:22:3) 1943 Rev. Arthur J. Hope, C.S.C. 1944 Rev. Thomas Brennan, C.S.C. (Scholastic Vol. 81:13:3) 1945 Rev. Phillip S. Moore, C.S.C., Dean of the Graduate School (Scholastic 88:25:11) 1946 George Sokolsky, Columnist (Scholastic Vol. 87:12:5) 1947 General George C. Kenney, Chief of the Strategic Air Command (Scholastic 88:25:11) 1948 Paul G. Hoffman, Washington, D.C. 1949 John Stephen Burke of New York City 1950 John J. Hearne, First Ambassador of Ireland to the U.S. (N.D. Alumnus Vol. 28:4:5) (Hon. John F. Kennedy, Congressman from Massachusetts gave the address at the January 29 commencement exercises ND Alumnus Vol.28:1:3) UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE VICENTE DAME ARCHIVES MADE ONLY FOR READING BY THE PURCHASE IN COPY MUST NOT BE PUBLISHED, IN WHOLE OR IT PART, OR SOLD OR GIVEN AWAY. NOR MAY OTHER COPIES BE MADE, WITHOUT SPECIAL PERMISSION. UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME ARCHIVES NONE NOIANA 11: June Commencement Speakers p.3 1951 Hon. Francis Patrick Matthews, Secretary of the Navy (Scholastic Vol. 92:14:9) 1952 Dr. Charles Malik, Minister of Lebanon to the U.S. (Scholastic Vol. 93:26:11) 1953 Dr. Detlev Rhyne W. Bronk, President of Johns Hopkins University (Scholastic Vol. 94:26:9) 1954 James / Killian, Jr., President of M.I.T. (Scholastic Vol. 95:25:9) 1955 U.S. Attorney General Herbert Brownell, Jr. (Scholastic Vol. 96:23:9) 1956 Admiral Arleigh A. Burke, U.S.N., Chief of Naval Operations (Scholastic 96:23:9) 1957 Supreme Court Justice Earl Warren (Scholastic Vol. 98:24:9) 1958 Secretary of Labor James P. Mitchell (Scholastic Vol. 99:23:9) 1959 John A. McCone, Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission 1960 Dwight D. Eisenhower, President of the United States 1961 R. Sargent Shriver, Jr., Director of the Peace Corps (N.D. Alumnus Vol. 39:24) 1962 Henry Cabot Lodge, former ambassador to the U.N. (Scholastic Vol. 103:22:13) 1963 Hon. Lester B. Pearson, Prime Minister of Canada 1964 Hon. Thomas C. Mann, Ass't. Sec'y of State for Inter-American Affairs 1965 McGeorge Bundy, Special Ass't. to the President, Washington, D.C. 1966 Lady Jackson, London, England [Barbana Ward] 1967 Eugene J. McCarthy, U.S. Senator from Minnesota 1968 Dr. James A. Perkins, President of Cornell University 1969 Dr. Daniel P. Moynihan, Ass't. to the President for Urban Affairs, Washington, D.C. 1970 Hon. James E. Allen, Jr., U.S. Commissioner of Education, Washington, D.C. 1971 Dr. Kenneth Keniston, Yale Medical School 1972 Dr. Kingman Brewster, Jr., President of Yale (N.D. Magazine June 1972 p.7) 1973 Dr. Malcolm C. Moos, University of Minnesota 1974 Dr. Rosemary Park of UCLA (N.D. Magazine June 1974 p.7) 1975 Alan J. Pifer, President of the Carnegie Foundation (N.D. Magazine June 1975 p.9) 1976 Vernon E. Jordan, Jr. Executive Director of the National Urban League of New York and the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching 1977 (Notre Dame Magazine June 1976, p.6) COPY MADE ONLY FOR READING BY THE PURCHASER. IT MUST NOT BF BLISHED, IN WHOLE OR IN DIVERSITY OF NOTRE * DAME ARCHIVES PART, OR SOLD 2 GIVEN AWAY NOR MAY OTHER COPIES BE MADE WITHOUT -PECIAL PERMISSION. UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAMF ARCHIVES NOTRE UNDADIANA in 1977 - President Jimmy Carter 1978 - William F. Buckley Jr., political commentator 1979 - Joseph Califano, secretary of Health, Education and Welfare 1980 - Benjamin Civiletti, U.S. attorney general 1981 - President Ronald Reagan 1982 - Pierre Trudean, prime minister of Canada 1983 - Cardinal Bernardin, Chicago 1984 - Loret Miller Ruppe, executive director of Peace Corps 1985 - Jose Naploeon Duarte, president of El Salvador 1986 - Bishop James W. Malone, Youngstown, Ohio 1987 - Derek Bok, president of Harvard University 1988 - Andrew Young, mayor of Atlanta, former UN ambassador 1989 - Peter Ueberroth, former commissioner of baseball 1990 - Bill Cosby, entertainer 1991 - Margaret O'Brien Steinfels, editor of Commonweal magazine 1992 - President George Bush DOUG GAMBLE 424 36th Place Manhattan Beach, CA 90266 May 8/92 (310) 546-6409 TO: CHRISTINA MARTIN NOTRE DAME (Janice Crouse) THIS IS THE TIME OF YEAR WHEN INVITATIONS POUR INTO THE WHITE HOUSE FOR 48 APPEARANCES AT COLLEGE COMMENCEMENTS. BUT SINCE MILLIE CAN'T MAKE THEM ALL, THERE ARE TIMES LIKE THIS WHEN I HAVE TO FILL IN. I FEEL A SPECIAL BOND WITH NOTRE DAME. MAYBE IT'S BECAUSE WE'VE BOTH ACHIEVED A CERTAIN MEASURE OF SUCCESS THROUGH OUR ASSOCIATION WITH THE "GIPPER." NOTRE DAME IS UNIQUE. IT'S THE ONLY SCHOOL WHERE, WHEN A NEW FOOTBALL COACH IS CHOSEN, WHITE PUFFS OF SMOKE COME OUT OF THE CHIMNEY. I REMEMBER LOU HOLTZ TELLING ME WHY THE SCHOOL HAS AN ADDED INCENTIVE TO DO WELL AT FOOTBALL. IT'S ONE THING FOR A COACH TO EXPLAIN TO THE ALUMNI IF THINGS AREN'T GOING WELL, BUT IT'S SOMETHING ELSE AGAIN TO EXPLAIN IT TO THE POPE. YOU'VE PUT IN FOUR LONG, TOUGH YEARS, AND NOW COMES THE HARD PART. SITTING * THROUGH A COMMENCEMENT SPEECH. morally spiritually intellietually bankruph - I don't believe is - New let me personalize this w/ a story. * most sig prblim dissolution of family family can't succed building w/o honest talk fundomental blocks - principled action Can't return c/o status guo wake of LA riots 11 11 very inotional very moving ownership, dignity, enterprize Set of principles & policis co reinforse pers resp - Whatever we do must be about the Rids NOTRE DAME The Unfolding Vision 7 tea AAA TAGA HEA TAAIT he vision was born when Notre Dame's 11 founder, Holy Cross priest Father Edward Sorin, took possession of a single log cabin on a snow-covered lakeshore and dared to call it and 1 am a university. It would be several decades before Notre Dame would deserve that designation, but Sorin's example-set no modest goals, but pursue greatness-would become the University's driving force. Over the years, the shared vision of Sorin and his successors has transformed Notre Dame from mission school to preparatory academy, from academy to undergraduate college, and from college to national research university. That latest transformation is the subject of this report. In recent years Notre Dame has come very far very fast as such things are measured in academic circles. The student body is drawn from among the nation's highest achievers. The faculty has grown in size, salary and stature. Among many such accomplishments, University scientists and engineers are breaking new ground in environmental studies; international programs are linking the campus to the world; the campus itself is a world center of radiation research; and University social service programs are held up as models to the nation. In all of this progress there are unifying threads that connect a great University to a cabin on a lakeshore. Belief. Values. Service. At Notre Dame, the vision continues to unfold. Edward a. malloy, USC (Rev.) Edward A. Malloy, C.S.C. President 2 FOR A NEW AGE OF ACHIEVEMENT cure for multiple sclerosis affordable synthetic A medicines blood anticoagulants to reduce deaths from heart attacks and strokes new nonpolluting energy sources Scientific and technological research at Notre Dame aims not only to uncover new knowledge about the Notre Dame's College world but also to determine how this researchers are growing-one atomic layer of Engineering is an knowledge can change the world. at a time-the materials that will become internationally recog- Each year prominent radiation chem- the stuff of higher speed, larger capacity nized leader in systems ists from the U.S. and abroad join the computing devices. and control research, research staff of Notre Dame's Radiation Also on campus, the nation's preem- which has helped put Laboratory, where they engage in highly inent expert on mosquitoes studies new men on the moon, sophisticated studies of the irradiation of means of controlling the spread of disease made cruise ships sail matter-studies that could point the way by these insects, while 100 miles away at more smoothly and to future energy sources and help wean Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory allowed economists the world from its costly dependence on near Chicago, particle detectors designed to understand more coal, oil and gas. by Notre Dame scientists probe infinitesi- accurately the work- ings of the economy. While these scientists study the break- mal bits of matter for clues to the origins down of atomic matter, other Notre Dame of the universe. So the work goes, combining the familiar with the abstract to produce- the future. cleaner running cars more fuel-efficient aircraft more powerful semiconductors new structural concepts to protect buildings against earthquake damage With the benefit Blood coagulation 400 of the University's research (right) under the internationally known direction of Dean Francis J. 300 transonic and supersonic Castellino of Notre Dame's smoke tunnels (above College of Science is aimed 200 right)-the only facilities at improving treatment of their type in the world- of cardiovascular disorders 100 The research oppor- radiation experts from Notre Dame aerospace including heart disease tunities at Notre Dame's more than 50 countries engineers are learning to and hemophilia. 0 1970 1980 1990* Radiation Laboratory since the facility opened design increasingly fuel- (above) have attracted in 1963. Research, Laboratory efficient aircraft. and Classroom Space (in 1000s of square feet) *includes buildings currently under construction 3 Notre Dame's highly ranked Department of Chemical Engineering engages in studies ranging from analysis of the effects of solar radiation to the construction of more effective catalytic converters to clean automobile exhausts. The discovery of the 0.085 formulae for synthetic rubber the first demonstration of the aerodynamics 7101 of glider flight the first U.S. trans- mission of a wireless message the first disintegration of the nucleus of an atom by electron bombardment- all these scientific and technological break- throughs took place in the laboratories and on the grounds of Notre Dame. 4 FOR A COMPETITIVE AMERICA t a time of heightening global competition in com- A merce and technology, Notre Dame is contributing to American competitiveness with research in critical fields such as computer, biomedical, industrial, space and environmental technology and by the excellence of its preparation of young scientists, engineers Notre Dame is a pioneer in preparing The Department of and businesspeople. business students for leadership roles in Accountancy of Notre Through the Clare Boothe Luce Fund the world economy. Business Week maga- Dame's College of and the National Consortium for Graduate zine, in its "Guide to the Best Business Business Administra- tion consistently ranks Degrees for Minorities in Engineering Schools," notes Notre Dame's "head start" among the top ten in and Science, Notre Dame provides special in the study of international business- the nation in the financial and other support to help evidenced by the University's special annual survey increase the number of women and global business program and unique over- conducted by Public minorities in university, government seas program at the Notre Dame London Accounting Report. and industrial laboratories. Centre. The London Program for MBAs 5 was the first of its kind and remains one of only a few such programs available from American universities. These programs were designed by faculty members acknowledged for both the excellence and the common sense of their teaching. Professor and former dean of the business college Frank K. Reilly is nomic responsibilities of multinationals. "Instead of sending the author of the world's best selling and The proof of business education at insider traders and most widely used textbook on invest- Notre Dame is the influence its graduates other white-collar ments. Current Dean John G. Keane is exert on the American business scene. criminals to prison, the former director of the Bureau of the A Standard & Poor's Corporation survey maybe the government Census. Professor Lee Tavis-with the should make them earn ranked Notre Dame among the top 10 an MBA from Notre support of more than two dozen major colleges and universities attended by the Dame. While many multinational corporations including nation's business and industrial leaders. other B-schools have Caron International, The Coca-Cola Com- More recently, Forbes magazine's 1989 suddenly discovered pany, Johnson & Johnson, Mine Safety ranking of the "200 Best Small Compa- ethics, Notre Dame has Appliance, Caterpillar, Pfizer and W.R. nies' Chief Executives" listed five Notre considered moral and Grace & Co.-has carried out ground- Dame alumni. Only three universities ethical questions in all breaking studies of the ethical and eco- matched that number. None had more. of its courses ever since In the laboratory An offshoot of the it began offering an (facing page) of physics University's innovative MBA more than 20 professor Jacek Furdyna, research in aircraft design, years ago." new semiconductor mate- a Notre Dame-developed -Business Week's rials are being developed computer demonstration "Guide to the Best for uses ranging from (above) allows visitors Business Schools" advanced television to the Smithsonian and laser technology to Institution to design their magnetic sensing devices own commercial planes. and ultrafast photonic The exhibit is on perma- computers that operate nent display in the 100 on light. Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum. 80 Dean John Keane (left) greets students in the 60 lobby of Hurley Hall of Business Administration. 40 As the setting suggests, 20 Notre Dame's business school is a leader in pre- 0 1970 1980 1989 paring students for the % of Entering Freshmen international dimensions in Top 10% of of commerce and industry. High School Class 6 FOR A GLOBAL FUTURE The University of ong the most national of American universities, Notre Dame Notre Dame-Australia is a proposed institu- L today has become an established presence in international tion patterned after educational circles. The University's Helen Kellogg Institute (but not legally or for International Studies is acknowledged to be one of higher financially linked to) education's premier centers for Latin American studies. its American model. In March 1990 a faculty member of the another brought together such unlikely With Father Malloy, Institute, Alejandro Foxley, became classmates as an Israeli army veteran and Provost Timothy minister of finance in Chile's first demo- O'Meara and Execu- a Palestinian born in a West Bank refugee tive Vice President cratically elected government in almost camp. Other peace scholars have come Father William 20 years. from the Soviet Union, China, Hungary, Beauchamp among Each year Notre Dame's Institute for Poland, Brazil, Chile, Ghana and India. its consultants and International Peace Studies assembles a Almost a decade ago, Notre Dame trustees, the Australian group of students from around the world seized upon the thaw in U.S.-China school would give the to consider the complex issues and relations to establish associations with the University an impor- strategies bound up in the quest for world Chinese academies of science and social tant new association peace. One such group included students sciences. Now, in the wake of rapproche- in the Pacific Rim. from each of the world's nuclear powers, ment between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, the University is forging new international ties that already are result- ing in significant academic contacts. The 1990-91 academic year will see Soviet mathematicians occupying visiting professorships at Notre Dame, while Igor Gryazin, member of the Supreme Soviet from the Baltic republic of Estonia, will conduct research in U.S. constitutional law with Notre Dame law professor John Attanasio. For students, Notre Dame offers a global itinerary of study programs, including Tianjin, China; Nagoya, Japan; Mexico City; Jerusalem; Innsbruck, Austria; London; Angers, France; Rome; and Toledo, Spain. Alejandro Foxley, his appointment as Chile's Helen Kellogg professor of minister of finance from international development President Patricio Aylwin and professor of economics during inaugural ceremonies at Notre Dame, accepts in Santiago in March 1990. 7 Notre Dame has developed special programs to provide a needed global per- spective to students of law, business and architecture. The Rome program affords architecture students firsthand experience of the classical tradition, while the University's London Centre (left) offers law and business students valuable exposure to coalescing legal and economic think- ing in the European community. 400 300 200 100 0 '69/'70 '79/'80 '88/'89 Students Involved in Study 8 FOR A HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT S concern mounts worldwide over contamination of the A environment and the daunting costs of decontamination, Notre Dame researchers and students are drawing on three unique University resources to play a leading role in attacking the problem. As many as 30 insti- tutions each year are The University's Center for Bioengi- In the University's Radiation Labora- represented on the neering and Pollution Control has pio- tory, researchers are drawing on 40 years staff of Notre Dame's neered technologies using specially-bred of studies of the effects of radiation on Radiation Laboratory, microorganisms to remove contaminants organic compounds to test how radiation giving it the largest from soil, municipal sewage and indus- might be used to destroy toxic wastes. As concentration of trial wastewater. The Center currently is well as offering the possibility of a power- radiation chemists in designing new, less expensive technology ful new antipollution weapon, these the world. The labo- for decontaminating soils fouled by studies may help scientists to understand ratory is supported by underground storage tanks and is testing and harness the processes by which solar the U.S. Department the use of microorganisms to turn lethal energy degrades toxic materials. of Energy. TNT wastes into benign CO2 and water. In a unique outdoor research labora- Perhaps most important, it is studying tory, Notre Dame biologists are attacking ways to change basic manufacturing the problems of water pollution and processes so that less waste is produced. wildlife management. The University of .... 1800ml 600 200 In Notre Dame's Notre Dame Environmental Research Center for Bioengineering Center (above) is an isolated, 8,000-acre and Pollution Control, tract overlapping the border between mathematicians, computer scientists, geologists, Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of physicists, microbiologists, Michigan. With 27 lakes and numerous chemists and engineers bogs, marshes, creeks and ponds, it is work together on environ- the only facility in the nation where mental research projects. whole-lake ecological studies are being done. One such study completed recently may revolutionize techniques used to clean up murky lakes and to keep clear lakes pristine. 10 FOR THE PUBLIC TRUST ... otre Dame faculty and administrators exemplify the N University's commitment to public service by their frequent involvement in high-level public interest and public policymaking roles. This commitment begins at the top. Father Malloy, the University's president, has Under the aegis of the played a prominent role in the national Among the faculty, professor of law nonprofit corporation campaign to curb drug abuse as well as Douglas Kmiec is one of only a few Ameri- Trust Through Health, in efforts to encourage voluntarism. He cans to be presented the Distinguished Inc., Notre Dame serves as a member both of President Service Award by two U.S. government and Harvard University Bush's Advisory Council on Drugs and, at departments-Justice, where he was deputy are collaborators in a the state level, of Governor Evan Bayh's assistant attorney general from 1985-87, joint Soviet-American Commission for a Drug-Free Indiana. and Housing and Urban Development, effort to improve He also is a founding director of the where he served as a White House Fellow health care in Third Points of Light Initiative, a new national World nations. and special assistant to the secretary in foundation to promote community 1982-83. He has been a member of Notre service. Dame's law faculty since 1980. 11 Another law professor, Jimmy Gurulé, appointed in 1989 to the National Advi- has received the Drug Enforcement sory Council on Aging of the National Administration's highest award. He served Institutes of Health. Also, Rev. James T. as chief prosecutor in the much publicized Burtchaell, C.S.C., professor of theology, "Notre Dame is case of murdered U.S. drug enforcement was a member of the special National renowned, not agent Enrique Camarena. Professor of law Institutes of Health panel convened to simply because of its G. Robert Blakey has served as chief study the issue of fetal tissue use in medi- academic excellence, but because it stands counsel to both the U.S. Senate Subcom- cal research, and Rev. Robert Pelton, C.S.C., director of Notre Dame's Institute among the winds of mittee on Criminal Laws and Procedures subjectivity for lasting and to the House Select Committee on for Pastoral and Social Ministry, served as values and principles Assassinations. an observer of the Nicaraguan presidential that are at the heart Professor of physics V. Paul Kenney elections in February 1990. of our civilization, and served from 1986-88 as a senior physicist The University encourages a similar on which all human with the U.S. Department of Energy and is commitment to service on the part of progress is built. a guest researcher and experiment spokes- students. The Hesburgh Program in Public Notre Dame not only man for the Brookhaven and Fermi Service offers undergraduates a concen- educates, but guides National Laboratories. John F. Santos, trated course of study in public policy- its students in the professor of psychology and director of making combined with an opportunity development of Notre Dame's Center for Gerontological for internships in federal and state honesty, courage, and Education, Research and Services, was government positions. all the other things we call character. If Father Malloy (facing (our detractors) want page) is interviewed by to see the goodness host Charlie Rose on CBS and love of life of this News "Nightwatch." generation, the com- Notre Dame's president mitment to decency also has been profiled on "60 Minutes," on the front and a better future, page of The Washington let them come here, Post and in The New to Notre Dame." York Times and Chicago -Former President Tribune magazines. Ronald Reagan Notre Dame law professor Douglas Kmiec conducts a news conference in Washington, D.C., while serving as assistant U.S. attorney general and chief legal counsel to the executive branch. 12 FOR A RENEWED SOCIETY otre Dame's success in broadening the definition of Secretary of Housing N education to include social responsibility and action has become a model for colleges and universities across America. Two-thirds of Notre Dame students engage in and Urban Develop- some form of community service during their years on ment Jack Kemp has campus, and about one in ten devotes a -Each January as many as 500 students said that universities year or more after graduation to full-time give up part of their semester break to and communities social service. The University's Center for participate in an Urban Plunge, a 48-hour nationwide should Social Concerns is the catalyst for much of look to the Notre live-in encounter with the nation's poorest this activity-sponsoring programs, offer- Dame-supported urban neighborhoods. Center for the Home- ing seminars and courses, and matching -Following up on their Urban Plunge less in South Bend student volunteers with varied local, na- experiences, a number of these students (below) as a model tional and international service agencies. take part in Summer Service Projects of cooperative social Some examples of the social service sponsored by Notre Dame alumni clubs action. projects undertaken at Notre Dame: across the nation and offering students 13 eight weeks of work with a social service program for low-income taxpayers. Despite an under- agency in an impoverished area. Yale -Each year a group of Notre Dame graduate student and Stanford Universities each have estab- students lives off-campus in a community body numbering only lished programs modelled on this Notre with former prison inmates attempting to about 7,500, Notre Dame concept. reenter society. Dame is among the -In both 1989 and 1990, some 2,500 -Each night a group of student volun- nation's top providers of volunteers to the Notre Dame students-more than a teers collects the substantial quantity of Peace Corps. During quarter of the entire student body- food left from the University's evening the most recent five- volunteered for the local Christmas in meal and delivers it to the poor and year period, an aver- April housing rehabilitation program, homeless. age of 15 Notre Dame which makes repairs in low-income Reflecting its Catholic heritage and graduates joined the neighborhoods. character, Notre Dame's commitment to Corps each year. -Each year for two decades students social justice is institutional. In 1988 the and faculty members from Notre Dame's University took the lead in funding and In a recent survey of Department of Accountancy have oper- establishing a new Center for the Homeless 1,400 colleges and ated a free tax-preparation assistance in South Bend, Indiana. universities by the Students' social service alumni, for example, Templeton Founda- activities (above right) often employees of ABN/LaSalle, tion, Notre Dame was carry over into their profes- a Chicago bank, partici- one of only three sional lives. Drawing on the pate in their own version schools designated experiences of Notre Dame of Notre Dame's Urban "best of the best" in and Saint Mary's College Plunge (above left). encouraging "the development of strong moral charac- ter among students." 14 FOR A GREAT UNIVERSITY The Hesburgh Center for International Studies (right) is the first building to be constructed on Notre Dame's new DeBartolo Quadrangle, which also will be the site of a new classroom building, performing arts center, College of Business Adminis- tration complex and other facilities. ew universities, public or private, have grown as dramatically 6 F in stature and distinction in recent years as has Notre Dame. 5 Undergraduate education and the humanities remain the 4 core of the University's strength. In earning 16 National 3 Endowment for the Humanities distinguished fellowships 2 from 1985-90, faculty of Notre Dame's Letters preprofessional studies program 1 College of Arts and Letters achieved the ranks in the nation's top 15 in number of 0 third best record in the nation. Among students enrolling in medical school each '69/'70 '79/'80 '88/'89 Endowment private universities, only Harvard and year. The program's graduates achieve an (in 100 millions of $) Princeton ranked higher. The Arts and acceptance rate 30 points better than the 15 As recently as 20 years ago, each of Of more than 200 Notre Dame's four colleges had a single national.research endowed faculty chair. Today, more than universities surveyed 100 chairs have been established Univer- by U.S. News & World sity-wide, with more than 40 in Arts and Report, Notre Dame Letters. These endowed professorships was ranked among the have enabled the University to attract- top 25 in educational quality. In the same and to retain-superb faculty talent. magazine's survey of Talent also is the hallmark of the graduate and profes- University's student body. In 1989, when sional schools, the almost 10,000 high school seniors applied Notre Dame Law for the 1,800 positions in the freshman School was ranked class, more than one-third of the students in the top 20. enrolled ranked in the top five in their graduating classes-and a record 16 per- cent were members of minority groups. Once admitted, Notre Dame students In 1950, Notre Dame remain in school. Aided by innovative students' scores on programs including the Freshman Year of the Scholastic Aptitude Studies, which is virtually unique in Test (SAT) matched American higher education, 93 percent of the national average. the University's undergraduates earn their Today, Notre Dame degrees. The national average is 54 percent. students score more The University's quest for excellence is than 300 points above underpinned by extraordinary financial the national average. strength. From 1980-1990, endowment grew from $150 million to almost $600 million. The most recent capital campaign national average-85 percent to 55 percent. raised approximately $450 million, half The success of Notre Dame's graduates in again its original $300-million goal, which postbaccalaureate studies is further evidence 50 itself exceeded the total raised in all of the strength of the University's under- 40 previous campaigns. Now, the University is graduate programs. Notre Dame ranks in committed to increasing student aid en- 30 the top 20 nationally in doctorates earned dowment by $100 million before the year 20 by its bachelor's degree recipients, with the 2000, enabling more outstanding students largest numbers of these Ph.D.s in the fields 10 to attend Notre Dame regardless of their of English and American language and lit- 0 ability to pay. 1960 1970 1980 1989 erature, social work, theology, and politics Total Gifts and international relations. (in millions of $) BOARD OF TRUSTEES Rev. Ernest Bartell, C.S.C. Sister Alice Gallin, O.S.U. Mr. Donald R. Keough Mr. Frank J. Pasquerilla Executive Director Executive Director (Chairman) Chairman of the Board and Helen Kellogg Institute for Association of Catholic Colleges President and Chief Operating Chief Executive Officer International Studies and Universities Officer Crown American Corporation University of Notre Dame Washington, D.C. The Coca-Cola Company Johnstown, Pennsylvania Atlanta, Georgia Rev. E. William Beauchamp, C.S.C. Rev. John C. Gerber, C.S.C. Mrs. Jane C. Pfeiffer Executive Vice President Holy Cross Novitiate Rev. William M. Lewers, C.S.C. Greenwich, Connecticut University of Notre Dame Lake Saka, Uganda Director Center for Civil and Human Dr. Percy A. Pierre Mr. Roger E. Birk Mr. Roland D. Grimm Rights Vice President for Research and President President Notre Dame Law School Graduate Studies Federal National Mortgage Faneuil Management Notre Dame, Indiana Michigan State University Association Corporation East Lansing, Michigan Washington, D.C. Duxbury, Massachusetts Mr. Aubrey C. Lewis Vice President Mrs. Ernestine M. Raclin Rev. Thomas E. Blantz, C.S.C. Mr. Bernard J. Hank, Jr. F.W. Woolworth Co. Chairman of the Board Associate Professor Chairman of the Board and New York, New York 1st Source Corporation Department of History Chief Executive Officer South Bend, Indiana University of Notre Dame Montgomery Elevator Company Mr. Ignacio E. Lozano, Jr. Moline, Illinois Editor-in-Chief Mr. John M. Regan, Jr. Dr. John Brademas La Opinion Ocean Ridge, Florida President Dr. T. Michael Harrington Los Angeles, California New York University University of Alabama at The Honorable New York, New York Birmingham Rev. Edward A. Malloy, C.S.C. Loret Miller Ruppe Birmingham, Alabama President Ambassador to Norway Mr. John H. Burgee President-Elect University of Notre Dame Oslo, Norway John Burgee Architects Notre Dame Alumni Association New York, New York (Ex officio) Mr. Donald J. Matthews Mr. John A. Schneider Senior Vice President Old Saybrook, Connecticut Mr. John B. Caron Mr. Philip M. Hawley Johnson & Higgins Greenwich, Connecticut Chairman and Chief Executive New York, New York Mr. Ray H. Siegfried, II Officer Chairman of the Board and Mr. Thomas A. Coleman Carter Hawley Hale Stores, Inc. Mr. Patrick F. McCartan Chief Executive Officer Senior Partner Los Angeles, California Jones, Day, Reavis & Pogue NORDAM Adler, Coleman & Co. Cleveland, Ohio Tulsa, Oklahoma New York, New York Miss Esther I. Ivory Management Consultant Most Rev. Mark G. McGrath, Dr. Alfred Stepan Mr. Arthur J. Decio American Management Systems C.S.C. Dean Chairman of the Board and Arlington, Virginia Archbishop of Panama Faculty of International and Chief Executive Officer Panama, Republic of Panama Public Affairs Skyline Corporation Mr. John A. Kaneb Columbia University Elkhart, Indiana President and Chief Executive Mr. Andrew J. McKenna New York, New York Officer (Vice Chairman) Mr. Anthony F. Earley The Catamount Companies President and Chief Executive Mr. Frank E. Sullivan President Chelsea, Massachusetts Officer Summit, New Jersey Chave & Earley, Inc. Schwarz Paper Company Greenwich, Connecticut Mr. Donald P. Kelly Morton Grove, Illinois Mr. Arthur R. Velasquez President and Chief Executive President Rev. Carl F. Ebey, C.S.C. Officer Mr. Newton N. Minow Azteca Foods, Inc. Provincial Superior D.P. Kelly & Associates, L.P. Sidley & Austin Chicago, Illinois Congregation of Holy Cross Oak Brook, Illinois Chicago, Illinois Indiana Province The Honorable Ann C. South Bend, Indiana Mr. Raphael M. Kelly Mr. Louis M. Nanni Williams Senior Vice President Mission Director United States District Court Dr. Philip J. Faccenda PaineWebber, Inc. Diocese of Orlando Northern District of Illinois General Counsel Jacksonville, Florida Orlando, Florida Chicago, Illinois University of Notre Dame President Notre Dame Alumni Association Timothy O'Meara Mr. Robert K. Wilmouth (Ex officio) Provost President and Chief Executive University of Notre Dame Officer Dr. Elizabeth T. Kennan National Futures Association President Chicago, Illinois Mount Holyoke College South Hadley, Massachusetts THE VITA CEDO DOMIDEL SPES IL DOSTRIE $ A B D P D D D MAY 11 '92 01:23PM AEI WASHINGTON DC P.4 wealth of others, by both its own The Larger Context production and its new markets. The implication of this scheme was that the relative standing of the We have often faced 4th and 20 with the U.S. as an economic and military power would decline as the other clock running out. Our greatest plays great nations rose from the ashes. This relative decline would not be a usually came when we were losing. defect. It would be a triumph. Professor Kennedy notwithstand- ing, the enduring American ideal has not been to become a great pow- THE GAME'S er in the old-fashioned imperial sense. The enduring American ideal has been to construct a Novus Ordo NOT OVER Seclorum-a new order of the ages- constituted along the lines of the three great liberties dear to the American experiment: political lib- erty, economic liberty and moral- By Bricheet Novak And about enterprise, initiative and cultural liberty. Call this mysti- risk, do Western European socialists cism, if you like, or "soft" power. or Americans have more to teach? But as you have watched Chinese In the same vein, many years ago, students in Shanghai carry a replica my father gave me good advice: of the U.S. Statue of Liberty, lis- "Never bet against Notre Dame or tened to a brewery worker in Prague the United States of America. I quoting from Jefferson and watched took him to mean that spirit counts dissidents in the 15 republics of the for something. By contrast, Mr. U.S.S.R. voice dreams of new de- Kennedy counts mostly military mocracies, free economies and lib- and economic power, which today erties of conscience, surely you It was quite a surprise to open the are losing salience. Other classic have been tempted to think that London Sunday Times a couple of forms of power-let us call them this is the one kind of power most weeks ago and find a nasty attack on faith, ideas, morale, spirit, vision, consistent with the purposes for a FORBES column of mine (Apr. 30). 1 culture-are gathering force. These which the U.S. was founded. wrote that Professor Paul Kennedy shifts in the meaning of power give The declinists have also forgotten of Yale, in his theory of "imperial us a framework for evaluating that the U.S. is an extraordinarily overstretch," could not have been America's imminent future. religious country. In one opinion more wrong in predicting American Beginning in 1945, it was the role poll, 75% of Americans said that decline, because the American idea of the U.S.-a role neither coveted religion is a "very important" or of liberty is on the rise. nor chosen but thrust upon an isola- "somewhat important" part of their That irked Professor Kennedy, tionist nation-to preside over the daily lives. In its religious serious- who rejoined: "The democratic free- greatest transformation of the polit- ness, the U.S. has much more in doms that are being regained in ical economy of this planet in world common with the Third World than Eastern Europe, or gained for the history. Decolonization would be with the highly secularized popula- first time in the Third World, are one theme. Liberation from poverty tions of Western Europe and Japan. not more American than they are through capitalist economic devel- Leaders in our business communi- French or Norwegian or Austra- opment would be a second. The ty, incidentally, are among the most lian.' But isn't the number one idea building of democratic republics religious of our elites-far more so in Western Europe in the 1990s would be the third theme. (I say than professors or journalists. "federaiism"? The practical work- "democratic republics" to insist In brief, some of us see many re- ing out of this concept, Lord Acton upon the protection of individual sources in the American spirit yet to wrote, is one of America's greatest rights and to avoid the tyrannies be tapped. We recognize that in the contributions to the history of Lib- implicit in "one man, one vote.") last 30 years, during "the Age of erty. And isn't the great crisis of The linchpin of the U.S. strategy Permissiveness," there has been a Eastern Europe today the "national- after World War II was to build up serious erosion of the nation's moral ities question"? Regarding plural- its two fiercest former enemies, Ja- and religious strength. In the ancient ism, the smaller, more homoge- pan and Germany, by imposing language, "We have sinned," and we neous nation-states of Europe have upon them systems designed along are paying for our sins: More hedo- less to teach than America does. democratic capitalist lines. The nism and debt than are good for us, idea was that a worldwide network less serious study and disciplined of such systems would fashion a Philosopber, journalist and ex-U.S. ambas- achievement than we are capable of. sador Michael Novak directs social and po- positive-sum world, in which the This decline lies not in our stars litical studies at the American Enterprise advance of one nation would not but in ourselves. The reason not to Institute in Wasbington, D.C. His book The beggar the others. On the contrary, bet against Notre Dame is that its Spirit of Democratic Capitalism bas been as each war-leveled nation recov- greatest victories come when it is widely translated around the world. ered, it would contribute to the losing. So do those of the U.S. THE WHITE HOUSE Office of the Press Secretary EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE UNTIL 11:30 A.M. EDT SATURDAY, MAY 4, 1991 TEXT OF REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT AT UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN COMMENCEMENT University of Michigan Stadium Ann Arbor, Michigan May 4, 1991 President James Duderstadt and Governor John Engler, distinguished Regents, honorary degree recipients. And of course, Michigan's class of 1991. It's a pleasure to stand here in Michigan Stadium, a place that has witnessed its share of gridiron glory - and political history. The last time I was in Ann Arbor, we commemorated John Kennedy's unveiling of the Peace Corps. And, as your commencement program indicates, Lyndon Johnson introduced the Great Society in a University of Michigan commencement address. Today, I want to talk about this historic moment. Your commencement your journey into the "real world" -- coincides with this Nation's commencement into a world freed from Cold War conflict and thrust into an era of cooperation and economic competition. The United States plays a defining role in that world. Our economic strength, our military power and most of all, our national character brought us to this special moment. When our policies unleashed the economic expansion of the 1980s, we exposed forever the failures of socialism - and reaffirmed our status as the world's greatest economic power. When we sent troops to the Persian Gulf, we showed that we take principles seriously enough to risk dying for them. Our successes have banished the Vietnam-era phantoms of doubt and distrust. In my recent travels around the country, I have felt an idealism that we Americans supposedly had lost. People have faith in the future. They ask: "What next?" "How can I help?" We have rediscovered the power of the idea that toppled the Berlin Wall, and led a world to strike back at Saddam Hussein. Like generations before us, we have begun to define for ourselves the promise of freedom. I would like to talk today about the nature of freedom, and how its demands will shape our future as a nation. Let me start with the freedom to create. From its inception, the United States has been a laboratory for creation, invention, and exploration. Here, merit conquers circumstance. Here, people of vision -- Abraham Lincoln, Henry Ford, Martin Luther King Jr. -- outgrow rough origins and transform a world. These achievements testify to the greatness of our free enterprise system. In past ages, and in other economic orders, people could acquire wealth only by seizing goods from others. Free enterprise liberates us from this Hobbesian quagmire. It lets one person's fortune become everyone's gain. - more - 2 The free enterprise system, built upon the foundation of private property, harnesses our powerful instincts for creativity. It gives everyone an interest in shared prosperity -- in freedom, in respect. No system of development ever has nurtured virtue as completely and rigorously as ours. We have become the most egalitarian society in history, and one of the most harmonious, because we let people work freely toward their destinies. When governments try to improve on freedom -- say, by picking winners and losers in the economic market -- they fail. No conclave of experts, no matter how brilliant, can match the sheer ingenuity of a market that collects and distributes the wisdom of millions of people, all pursuing their destinies in different ways. Our Administration appreciates the power of free enterprise -- and our economic and domestic programs try to apply the genius of the market to the needs of the nation. For example, we want to eliminate rules and red tape that bind the hands and minds of entrepreneurs and innovators. Our America 2000 educational strategy challenges the nation to re-invent the American school -- to compete in the race to unleash our national genius. We have incorporated market incentives into our legislative proposals, so taxpayers will get a fair return on their dollars. Just look at last year's child care legislation and Clean Air Act, or this year's transportation bill. We have proposed a comprehensive banking reform package that strengthens the financial system upon which economic growth depends. We repeatedly have tried to slash the capital gains tax, so people with dreams have a chance of achieving them. And we want to extend the dignity of home ownership to people who now live in government-owned apartments. Although we have tried to transfer power into the hands of our people, we haven't done enough. In a world transformed by freedom, we must look for other ways to help people build good lives for themselves and their families. The average worker in the United States now spends more than four months of each year working just to pay the tax man, and increasing numbers of citizens see that burden as a barrier to achieving their dreams. We have tried to put a lid on the spending that drives taxes, and to concentrate government efforts on truly national purposes. This is only common sense. If we want to build faith in government, we must demand public services that serve the public. We must insist upon compassion that works. But the power to create also rests on other freedoms, especially the freedom to think and speak one's mind. This may be the most fundamental and deeply revered of all our liberties, not just because Americans like to debate, but because free speech plays a crucial role in helping us improve ourselves. It separates good ideas from bad. It defines and cultivates the diversity upon which our national greatness rests. It tears off the blinders of ignorance and prejudice and lets us move on to greater things. - more - 3 Ironically, on the 200th anniversary of our Bill of Rights, we find free speech under assault throughout the United States, including on some college campuses. The notion of "political correctness" has ignited controversy across the land. Although the movement arises from the laudable desire to sweep away the debris of racism and hatred, it replaces old prejudices with new ones. It declares certain topics off-limits, certain expression off-limits, even certain gestures off-limits. What began as a crusade for civility has soured into a cause of conflict and even censorship. Disputants treat sheer force -- getting their foes punished or expelled, for instance -- as a substitute for the power of ideas. Throughout history, attempts to micromanage casual conversation have only incited distrust. They have invited people to look for an insult in every word, gesture, or action. In their own Orwellian way, crusades that demand correct behavior crush diversity in the name of diversity. We all should be alarmed at the rise of intolerance in our land, and by the growing tendency to use intimidation rather than reason in settling disputes. Neighbors who disagree no longer settle matters over a cup of coffee. They hire lawyers and go to court. Political extremists roam the land, setting citizens against one another on the basis of their class or race. Such bullying is outrageous, and not worthy of a great nation grounded in the values of tolerance and respect. Let us fight back against the boring politics of division and derision. Let's trust our friends and colleagues to respond to reason. As Americans we must use our persuasive powers to conquer bigotry. We must conquer the temptation to assign bad motives to people who disagree with us. If we hope to make full use of the optimism I discussed earlier, men and women must feel free to speak their hearts and minds. We must build a society in which people can join in common cause without having to surrender their identities. You can lead the way. Share your thoughts and experiences; your hopes and frustrations. Defend others' rights to speak. If harmony be our goal, let's pursue harmony -- not inquisition. The virtue of free speech leads naturally to another, equally important dimension of freedom -- freedom of spirit. In recent times, often with noble intentions, we as a nation have discouraged good works. Nowadays, many respond to misfortune by asking: Whom can I sue? Even worse, many would-be Samaritans wonder: Will someone sue me? Talented, concerned men and women avoid such noble professions as medicine for fear that unreasonable and undefined liability claims will force them to spend more time in court than in the office. At the same time, government programs have tried to assume roles once reserved for families, schools, and churches. This is understandable, but dangerous. When government tries to serve as a parent, teacher or moral guide, individuals may be tempted to discard their own sense of responsibility -- to argue that only government must help people in need. If we have learned anything in the past quarter century, it is that we cannot federalize virtue. Indeed, as we pile law upon law, program upon program, rule upon rule, we actually can weaken people's moral sensitivity. The rule of law gives way to the rule of the loophole -- the notion that whatever is not illegal must be acceptable. In this way, great goals go unmet. - - 4 When President Johnson spoke here in 1964 he addressed issues that remain with us. He proposed revitalizing cities; rejuvenating schools; trampling down the hoary harvest of racism; protecting our environment. He applied the wisdom of his time to these challenges. He believed that cadres of experts really could care for the millions. They would calculate ideal tax rates, ideal rates of expenditure on social programs, ideal distributions of wealth and privilege. In many ways, theirs was an America by the numbers: If the numbers were right, America was right. Gradually, we got to the point of equating dollars with commitment, and when programs failed to produce progress, we demanded more money. In time, this crusade backfired. Programs designed to ensure racial harmony generated animosity. Programs intended to help people out of poverty invited dependency. We should have learned that while the ideals behind the Great Society were noble, the programs weren't always up to the task. We need to rethink our approach. Let's tell our people: We don't want an America by the numbers. We don't want a .land of loopholes. We want a community of commitment and trust. When I talked of a kinder, gentler nation, I wasn't trying to create a slogan. I was issuing a challenge. An effective government must know its limitations and respect its people's capabilities. In return, people must assume the final burden of freedom -- responsibility. Any introductory course in political philosophy teaches that freedom entails responsibility. Most of our greatest responsibilities confront us not in government hearing rooms, but around dinner tables, on the streets, at the office. If you teach your children and others how to hate, they will learn. If you encourage them not to trust others, they will follow your lead. If you talk about compassion, but refuse to help those in need, your children will learn to look the other way. Once your commencement ends and your adult life begins, you will have to rely on the sternest stuff of all: yourself. In the end, government will not make you good or evil. The quality of your life, and of our Nation's future, depends as much on how you treat your fellow women and men as it does on the way in which we in Washington conduct affairs of state. After all, the opposite of greed is not taxation. It is service. My vision for America depends heavily on you. You must protect the freedoms of creation, speech and spirit. You must build a peaceful and prosperous future. We don't need another Great Society, with huge and ambitious programs administered by the incumbent few. We need a Good Society, built upon the deeds of the many -- a society that promotes service, selflessness, and action. The Good Society poses a challenge: It dares you to explore the friends, and government to make our world better. full promise of citizenship, to join in partnership with family, The Good Society does not demand agonizing sacrifice. It requires something within everyone's reach: common decency and commitment. Know your neighbors. Build bonds of trust at home, Live them. at work, or wherever you go. Don't just talk about principles: - more - - 5. - Good Society, built upon the deeds of the many. A society that promotes service, selflessness, action. (Applause.) The Good Society poses a challenge: It dares you to explore the full promise of citizenship, to join in partnership with family, friends, government to make our world better. The Good Society does not demand agonizing sacrifice. It requires something within everyone's reach: common decency -- common decency and commitment. Know your neighbors. Build bonds of trust at home, at work, wherever you go. Don't just talk about principles: Live them. Let me leave you today with an exhortation: Make the most of your abilities. Question authority but examine yourself. Demand good government, but strive to do what is good. Take risks. Muster the courage to be what I call a point of light. Also, define your missions positively. Don't seek out villains. Don't fall prey to obessions about "freedom from" various ills. Focus on freedom's promise -- on your promise. when John Kennedy talked of sending a man to the moon, he didn't say, we want to avoid getting stranded on this planet. He said, we'll send a man to the moon. We must be equally determined to achieve our common goals. ile live in the most exciting period of my lifetime -- quite possibly of yours. The old way of doing things have run their course. Find new ones. Dare to serve others and future generations will never forget the example you set. This is your day. Barbara and I are very proud to share it with you. Congratulations to each and every one of you. (Applause.) And thank you for the honor. (Applause.) And God bless the United States of America. (Applause.) COD 11:45 A.M. EDT THE WHITE HOUSE Office of the Press Secretary (Kennebunkport, Maine) For Immediate Release May 27, 1991 REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT IN COMMENCEMENT ADDRESS TO YALE UNIVERSITY Yale University Quadrangle New Haven, Connecticut 11:55 A.H. of Schmidt and members of the faculty, and the Yale community, fellows THE PRESIDENT: Thank you very, very much. President fellow the Yale Corporation, and especially with congratulations to it's honorands -- it is an honor to be here today. Mayor Daniels, my graduating students -- congratulate each and every one of nice to be back in the city. And most importantly, to the (Applause.) May I single out Yale's band. They've cleaned you. for sir. (Applause.) And thank you for the warm welcome. Si res today, and they ve never been better under Mr. Tom Duffy. Thank up you, holding up the sign, you can't throw eggs. (Laughter and applause.) prehensio en cano ost non oves sic vacio. That means, if you're classmates, "lost I'd come to Yale fresh from war -- ready to make my for I remember my own commencement. Like so many of time." I remember our impatience and our optimism. And up you. It's almost as if life is about to begin -- that is, if the sensed upcoming adventure. I imagine it's the same today for all we of commencement speech ever ends. (Laughter.) here, of all and my dad was honored with him. And he said, "I have the Twenty-nine years ago, President Zennedy stood right and it wrong. I've got the best of all worlds -- a Yale education He had worlds -- a Yale degree and a Harvard education." (Laughter.) best a Yale degree. (Applause.) and literally, becoming farmers. Ke talked about life on thinking the land about, air, and Earbara and I spent a good part of our senior year the My day was no different. There's an excitement in And rising early and working hard and raising a crop and a decided we looked into the finances of running a farm. In the family. end, we against the whole idea. No realized that when it came about pigs and farming. chickens and cattle or corn, we didn't know the first to thing So, of course, there was only one alternative: I west the and became an oilman. (Laughter.) The days after -- the want -- surroundings of this beautiful old campus for the oust and grit and very day after the ceremony like this one, I traded the familiar day searing heat of the Lone Star State. Hillhouse Avenue where Barbara and I lived, or the Flatlands beyond of 37 Cdessa, Texas, became my world. And yet far Texas, for change rocked the whole world in ways that would affect West all the United more than 40 years. On June 20th, 1948 -- my graduation us -- from Nations sent out its first peacekeeping force -- 49 day of the United States and six other nations -- to bring the man had clamp down on the free sectors of Berlin -- the Berlin Blockade to peace to the Middle East. And on that day, the Soviet Union promise tried would passed a bill to help the nations of war-torn Europe. That package begun. And on that day, Congress, after an all-night session, become known, as we all know, as the Marshall Plan. Today's world -- your world -- is every bit as HORE - 2 pager beeps. astonishing. Back in my day, opportunity knocked. And yours -- you He have seen in two short years the end of a long era 01 Cold War and conflict. The Iron Curtain collapsed -- it's gone, the wall is down. (Applause.) And with it the myth of an ideology called communism. On the barren ground that once separated East and Keet, the democratic idea sprouted anew. vindicates more than 40 years of American vigilance -- a lesson As a nation, we can take great pride in this triumph. learned on the battlefields of Europe and the seas of the South Pacific -- that this nation could no longer pursue a policy of "splendid isolation." The democratic renaissance in Central and Eastern Europe -- the blossoming of democracy here in the Americas -- the emerging consensus on the African Continent that democracy is the road to development -- none of this would have taken place if America had turned inward, away from the challenges of a new world. human rights -- as we seek to strengthen stability within the So today, as we seek to products freedom and democracy ar world remains our bast hope for peace, security and shared international community -- an America confident enough to engage the prosperity. (Applause.) the American example has consequences. When we reach out, we offer Look in every corner of the globe and you will fine that more than cars or grain or MTV. We exemplify an ideal -- an ideal that conquers circumstance and suspicion, that conquers despots and should not taint itself by Gealing with nations less noral, less empowers people. Some argue that a nation as moral and just as ours just. But this counsel offers up self-righteousness draped in a false (Applause.) morality. You do not reform a world by ignoring it. plays an important role in the world economy. As it has grown more East Asia is a case in point. Today, this dynamic regio prosperous, it has also grown more free. Driven forward by the democracy and freer trade. Korea and Taiwan have shed their once authoritarian rule in favor of engine of economic growth and trade, especially with the U.S., South and China easily can affect the stability of the Asian-Pacific region -- Republic of China, home to fully one-fifth of the world's people. This same approach guides our policy towards the People' Chinese therefore, affect the entire world's peace and prosperity. The Cambodic voice and relax tensions on the Korean Peninsula. China has play a central role in working to resolve the conflict in Gulf. helped us forge the broad coalition that brought us victory in the United Nations Security Council against Iraq's brutal aggression now in the multinational organizations. And its votes in the a (Applause.) China, we will explore them. When problems arise with China's And so when we find opportunities to cooperate with behavior, we will take appropriate action. first nation to condomn the use of violence against the peacefully was After the tragedy of Tiananmen, the United States the demonstrating people of Beijing. we were the first to guarantee the rights of Chinese students studying on compuses across the country -- including here at Yale. (Applause.) sanctions -- and we are now the last, alone among the Western The United States was the first nation to impose democracies, to keep those original sanctions in place. At every reiterate our position on human rights violations. high-level meeting with the Chinese government, U.S. officials Unfair trade is also high on our agenda. Just last HORZ . 3 . month, we cited China under the trade rules of a special 301 for pirating U.S. copyrights and patents. And for the sake of national security, we will ban technologies and equipment to any Chinese company technologies. found to violate rules outlawing transfer of missile We will continue to advance our interests and ideals: for free and fair trade -- for broader democratization -- for respect for human rights throughout China. Let me be clear: As a member of the United Nations, China is bound by the U.N. Declaration of Human Rights. we will hold China to the obligations that it has freely accepted. And, finally, we continue urging China to exercise restraint in its weapons exports. Our recent experience with Iraq proves how dengerous the deadly trade can be. And very soon, I will announce significant new steps that we can take to control arms exports to the entire Middle East. (Applause.) Every nation must play a part in this effort. That's why we urge the Chinese government to abide by the letter and spirit of international agreements on missile technology controls -- and to do what 141 other nations (Applause.) have already done: sign the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty And this is one way that the United States can be a catalyst for positive change. This week, I will employ another by proposing formally that MFN trade status continue for China. This policy has generated considerable controversy. Some critics have said revoke MFN, or endanger it with sweeping conditions -- to censure China, cut our ties and isolate it. we are told this is a principled policy, a moral thing to do. This advice is not new. It's not wise. It is not in the best interests of our country, the United States. And in the end, in spite of noble and best intentions, it is not moral. First, MEN is special.* It is not a favor. It is the ordinary basis of trade worldwide. Second, MFN is a means to bring the influence of the outside world to bear on China. Critics who attack MFN today act as if the point is to punish China -- as if and human rights. hurting China's economy will somehow help the cause of privatization The real point is to pursue a policy that has the best chance of changing Chinese behavior. If we withdrew MPN or imposed conditions that would make trade impossible, we would punish South China: in particular, Guangdong Province -- the very region where free market reform and the challenge to central authority are the strongest. Right now, there's an estimated two million Chinese who are working, and proving that privatization can work -- all in South China. Withdraw MFN and their jobs would be in jeopardy. In bastion of freedom and free trade in the Far East. addition, endangering MFN would deal a body blow to Bong Kong -- the But the most compelling reason to renew MFN and remain engaged in China is not economic, it's not strategic, but moral. It is right to export the ideals of freedom and democracy to China. It is right to encourage Chinese students to come to the United States, and for talented American students to so to China. It is wrong to isolate China if we hope to influence China. (Applause.) For two decades after the communists seized power in 1949, the Western world followed a policy of isolation toward China. This period proved to be among the most brutal episodes in Chinese history -- a nightmare of anguish and death and suffering that will scar the soul of China for decades to come. not special. MORE . 4 - so it comes cown to the strength of our belief in the power of the democratic idea. If we pursue a policy that cultivates contacts with the Chinese people, promotes commerce to our benefit, we can help create a climate for democratic change. No nation on Earth has discovered a way to inport the world's goods and services -- while stopping foreign ideas at the border. Just as the democratic idea has transformed nations on every continent -- 80, too, change will inevitably come to China. This nation's foreign policy has always been more than simply an expression of American interests -- it's an extension of American ideals. This moral dimension of American policy requires us to remain active, engaged in the world. Many times, that means trying to chart a moral course through a world of lesser evils, That's the real world -- not black and white. Very few moral absolutes. Enormous potential for error and enbarrassment. But all are ideal. part of the risks that we willingly take to advance the American Many times in the past 40 years, people have encouraged us to adopt a policy of righteous isolationism -- but we remained engaged. We cannot advance principles if we curl up into a defensive ball. He cannot transform a world if we hide from its unpleasant realities. We can advance our cherished ioeals only by extending our hand, showing our best sides, sticking patiently to our values -- even if we risk rejection. Look at the way American encouragement and the American example -- the power of the American example -- is paying off in Taiwan and Korea. %e will have no leverage. We will not be ablc to advance our cause or resist repression if we pull back and declare that China is simply too impure a place for us. Re want to promote positive change in the world through the force of our example -- not simply profess our purity. We want to advance the cause of freedon -- not just snub nations that aren't yet wholly free. Let me close today with some modest pieces of advice. First, understand that you often will confront moral ambiguity. There will come times when you will have difficulty distinguishing between good guys and bad guys. when these situations arise, identify your principles and stick by them. Stick by them even when people jeer, when people urge you to find a quick and easy out. wrong. (Applause.) If you remain patient and true to yourself, you can't go Second. remember that the corner of the world that matters most is one right here at home, the one you share with friends and family. And finally, your destiny and the currents of history will most likely intersect zore than once. YOU will have ample opportunity to make your mark. And take care to make it count. To all the graduates of the Class of '91 who now join me as proud alumni of this great University, congratulations, good luck to you, and may God bless the United States of America. (Applause.) END 12:15 P.K. EDT THE WHITE HOUSE Office of the Press Secretary For Immediate Release May 30, 1991 REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT IN ADDRESS AT FBI NATIONAL ACADEMY COMMENCEMENT CEREMONY FBI National Academy Quantico, Virginia 2:10 P.M. EDT THE PRESIDENT: Thank you all very much. And Mr. Attorney General, Dick Thornburgh, thank you, sir. May I salute Director Sessions, a friend of longstanding, a man in whose service I take great pride. I'm delighted that our Drug Czar, Bob Martinez, former Governor, is with us here today. I salute all the members, top-level members, of the law enforcement community that are with us here today. I'm delighted to see our landlord, General A1 Gray, who heads the Marine Corps and to whom we all owe a vote of gratitude and : thanks for the way he and those Marines performed in Desert Storm. Al, we're delighted to see you here. (Applause.) And I'm delighted to be here, though I think that, on my way in, I may have spotted Hannibal the Cannibal in the audience. (Laughter.) For those parents and others, that's an inside joke that I'm not sure I understand myself, but nevertheless -- (laughter.) And, of course, a special congratulations to today's newest Special Agents, the Class of '91-6th. And given my doctors' orders -- current orders -- I'm glad it was you and not me who had to make it through the "Yellow Brick Road" in order to be here today. (Laughter.) But my heartfelt congratulations to you. And I share in the pride that your families all have in you today. Speaking of my health, which I am reluctant to do, but you might know that I just received a note -- a true story -- from a farmers' organization. And it said: "This wouldn't have happened if you had eaten your broccoli." (Laughter and applause.) I don't want to get in a fight with them; give me thyroid problems any day. (Laughter.) But I'm very proud to be here saluting the FBI for its "fidelity, bravery, and integrity." And I'm proud to salute this class for its "courage, commitment, and common sense." But I've got a problem. I don't want to embarrass a fellow Texan, but tell me, Bill: How come, under the jurisdiction of the Director of the FBI, there's a little Virginia town that has the highest crime rate in the nation? And after looking around there today -- and, Tony, thank you so much for you and your able compatriots showing ne all this. But after looking around there today, there's one thing I know for sure: No matter how persuasive you are, after I leave the White House, I am not retiring to Hogan's Alley. (Laughter.) Once is enough. But you young men and women graduating today have already solved your share of these Hogan's Alley crimes. And now you're going out to face the real thing. And we are grateful to you. You're joining an FBI that plays an essential role in preserving the peace of our country -- investigating violations of federal law in criminal and civil and counter-intelligence fields. But there's something else very special about the FBI, beyond its crime-fighting role. The Bureau sets an example for the country in showing how citizens and different levels of government can work together to meet our most important challenges. MORE - 2 - The concept of teamwork between individuals and the various levels of government lies at the heart of the FBI's mission. And, frankly, we need to work together across this land to battle the scourge of violent crime that threatens our homes, our families, and our future. Last year, six million American citizens -- six million -- fell victim to violent crime. Violent crime claimed the lives of over 20,000 Americans. Look at the statistics and a frightening fact energes -- our streets posed a greater threat to our own servicemen and women than did the foes in the Middle East. We deserve better than that as a nation. Our children -- God bless our children -- and they deserve better than that. And we will, with your help and your leadership, take back our streets. In May of 1989, I stood in the rain on the steps of the Capitol with some of the law enforcement officers who put their lives on the line for all of us. Together, we called on the United States Congress to pass our crime package -- legislation designed to protect our cops by giving them the tools they need to get their job done. And, yes, it was tough legislation, but it was fair legislation. Today, almost exactly two years later, I stand here in the midst of another group of law enforcement officers. Two years have passed and Congress still has not acted on our request. Earlier this year, the Attorney General and I convened an unprecedented crime summit. We called upon the finest minds in American law enforcement. And in March, following the summit, and taking into account what we learned there, we sent a crime bill to Congress. Our Comprehensive Violent Crime Control Act of 1991 will confront the terrifying spiral of lawlessness. It will strengthen our nation's criminal justice system -- too often unfairly loaded against dedicated law enforcement officials. The act has four major elements. First, habeas corpus reform. We're determined to free the courts from frivolous, repetitive delays -- gimmicks and challenges from people who have already exhausted their legal appeals. Our bill will ensure that convicted felons will no longer evade punishment by drowning justice in a sea of legal challenges unrelated to guilt or innocence. The second major element is exclusionary rule reform. It is simply intolerable that armed criminals go free when law enforcement offices have collected solid evidence in good faith efforts to follow court guidelines. Our bill limits the possibility of releasing violent criminals on the basis of legal technicalities. It permits juries to consider evidence that's been gathered by officers acting in good faith. This will avoid situations like that of the D.C. drug squad. At a bus station, they seized a bag they believed contained cocaine. They called the prosecutors and were told that they didn't need a warrant to search. Sure enough, they found a large supply inside. And sure enough, the evidence was ruled inadmissible, even though they'd acted in total good faith. Our bill would assure that such evidence survives in court. In addition, it allows introduction into evidence of firearms seized from dangerous criminals, no matter how officers obtain those weapons. And that makes sure, then, that those who misuse firearms are caught and punished. Plain and simple. And third, more categories of firearm offenses and penalties. Under this bill, drug traffickers and violent felons who use semiautomatic weapons will face stiff mandatory sentences. First-time felons caught with firearms will spend five years behind bars. No plea bargains. No early release. Our bill also creates new federal offenses for firearms theft and smuggling. We will silence the illegal guns that blast away in our streets, in our homes MORE 3 and around our schools by punishing the violent criminals who misuse guns. And our fourth core provision is for the restoration of the federal death penalty. We need an enforceable federal death penalty for the most heinous crimes -- for the senseless murder of a federal judge; or the terrorist killing of civilians; or the cold-blooded execution of a law enforcement officer or federal witness. We should give juries the option of imposing the death penalty for such depraved crimes. And we must send the strongest possible message to those who would commit such crimes. We must tell them that our society will protect itself from violent predators. And for more than a decade now Congress has talked about reinstating the federal death penalty. And now, frankly, Congress should act. In that way, we will be telling victims and the families of victims that we will not forget their suffering, their loss. We will be telling them there that we're doing everything we can to ensure that others don't suffer similar fates. But crime victims deserve more than compassion. They also deserve action. And that's why I take particular pride in the fact that, working with Congress, we have already not only reauthorized the 1984 Victims of Crime Act, but have also boosted its annual victims compensation and assistance fund to $150 million. Those are dollars that come, not from taxpayers, but as you all know from the fines and penalties levied against criminals. But, of course, the best way, the best way to help the victims of crime is to make sure that they don't become victims in the first place. And so in our crime bill we've strengthened the core proposals with some potent new additions. Our act includes sections designed to curb terrorism, racial injustice, sexual violence and juvenile crime. It requires appropriate drug testing as a condition of post-conviction release for federal prisoners. It outlines protections for witnesses and for abused kids. The bill makes it easier for federal officials to prosecute those who commit acts of sexual violence involving children. It provides for HIV testing of accused sex offenders. And it guarantees a victim's right to address the court at sentencing. Listen to these words: "The land is full of bloody crime and the city is full of violence." The Prophet Ezekiel wrote that over 2,000 years ago. The battle between good and evil still rages. But our crime bill will strengthen the hand of good -- that's your hand, the hand of our nation's law enforcement professionals. The American people, frankly, are tired of talk. I believe they want action. In March, we asked the Congress to pass a crime bill within 100 days -- I challenged them at a joint session up there. And so far, 85 days have passed and neither House has chosen to take up our crime package. The 100 days will expire on June 14th, but as you know, the crime issue will not. America wants real, comprehensive action against crime. America wants it done right. And it wants it done now. And, I assure you, so do I. (Applause.) Finally, there's another more subtle threat to the peace -- and that's racial strife. For the past couple of years, the issue of civil rights has divided Americans. Our position as an administration is clear -- and believe no, I'm telling you this from the heart. I want to sign a civil rights bill. I am proud of my record on civil rights, and I'm proud of my administration's record on civil rights. But we want to sign a bill that advances the cause of equal opportunity. We want to sign a bill that advances the cause of racial harmony. And we want to sign a bill that encourages people to work together. Unfortunately, congressional leaders again want to pass a bill that would lead employers to adopt hiring quotas and unfair job preferences. This week, they proposed an antiquota amendment to take care of the problem -- the quota problem -- they said didn't exist. MORE - 4 - This shouldn't fool anyone. If you look closely at the amendment, you'll see that it endorses quotas. Even the section that supposedly outlaws quotas endorses quotas. It defines the "Q" word -- as it's come to be known -- it defines the "Q" word so narrowly that it would allow employers to establish personnel systems based on numbers, not on merit. other sections rig the rules against employers. If their numbers aren't right, the employers are essentially helpless to defend themselves in court. And another getting their day in court. section of the bill forbids many victims of illegal quotas from even If you listen to proponents of this bill, you'll hear another interesting thing. You'll hear them boast their approach makes it easier to prosecute and sue people. Well, frankly, this is hardly discord. the road to racial harmony. It's the road to lawsuits and And so let's start over. Let's make harmony our goal. A good place to start is our own bill -- the administration's civil rights bill. You see, our bill would punish vigorously those who practice prejudice in the workplace. It would not offer a blank check to lawyers and special interests. It, frankly, would offer a helping hand to victims of racism, sexism, and other forms of discrimination. It would build on the strong and just laws that we and I'd like to sign it soon. already have. And I'd like to sign it, along with our crime bill, I'm very proud to be with you -- law enforcement officials. And I want you to know that you have the public's support -- never doubt that. You have the public's support and gratitude. You have all of our support. And, very candidly, you've earned it. anticrime package your grateful nation can give you. No more You deserve our admiration, our respect. And the best, toughest time. loopholes, no more rolls of the dice. It's time. It's long past General and the Director asked me to come down here to see you in So once again, I was just delighted when the Attorney action, to salute this gratuating class. Congratulations to the graduates, to their families God be with you. Thanks to all the FBI and DEA Agents here, to the this very special day. And the best of luck to all of you. And on may state, and to the local and international police officers and the FBI National Academy, and, again, to your landlords, the United States Marines: May God bless you all. And may God bless the United States of America. Thank you very, very much. (Applause.) END 2:28 P.M. EDT THE WHITE HOUSE Office of the Press Secretary (West Point, New York) For Immediate Release June 1, 1991 REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT IN COMMENCEMENT ADDRESS TO UNITED STATES WILITARY ACADEMY United States Hilitary Academy West Point, New York 10:10 A.M. EDT THE PRESIDENT: Thank you all very much for that warm welcome back to West Point. (Applause.) Thank you all very, very much. Thank you General Palmer -- Dave Palmer -- for that introduction. May I salute our Secretary of the Army, Secretary Stone; our Chief, General Vuono. And might I say at the beginning that this country owes a great vote of thanks to both these general officers who have served their country with sacrifice and distinction. Please express yourselves by showing your appreciation to Carl Vuono and Dave Palmer, two great soldiers. (Applause.) And may I single out at the outset several other special guests who, along with Secretary Stone and General Vuono, came up with me on Air Force One -- Congressman Sonny Montgomery, of Mississippi, a great supporter of a strong military -- (applause.) You guys better cheer, he's a najor General also. (Laughter.) And then, Congressman Ham Fish, who represents this Dest Point sister so well in Congress. (Applause.) And also may I single out my trusted National Security Advisor Brent Scowcroft, the Class of '47 at this Academy. Also Congressman Ben Gilman, who represents, as I understand it, the next congressional district over -- also a great friend of the Point. (Applause.) And last, but certainly not least, let we single out a friend of our country -- Ambassador Bandar, the Saudi Arabian Ambassador to the United States. (Applause.) And look, don't hold it against him that he's a fighter pilot. (Laughter.) From day one of Desert Shield, all through Desert Storm, Saudi Arabia and the United States stood shoulder-to-shoulder versus aggression. And together we did what was just and right. (Applause.) How to the business at hand. A special greeting to the families and to the friends, and most important, to the Cadets of the Class of 1991. It is an honor -- and I mean that -- for both Barbara and me today -- it is an honor to be here at this symbol of "duty, honor, country" -- and to know what Douglas MacArthur meant when he said, "In the evening of my memory, I always come back to West Point." Barbara and I are proud to become honorary members of this Long Grey Line. (Applause.) You know, it's really something to look out over this outstanding military audience. Now I know how Dob llope feels. (Laughter.) Also, let me say it was good of you to invite a Navy man to speak at West Point. I left the goat outside, but I'm glad to be here. (Laughter.) Before MY remarks to this graduating class let me just make an announcement that is of interest to all here, to all around the world. The United States and the Soviet Union not many hours ago resolved our differences on the CFE treaty, clearing the way for an important step towards a superpower summit. And I congratulate our Secretary of State, the Foreign Secretary of the Soviet Union dessmertnykh, and all involved. This is important to world peace, MORE - 2 - and I'm glad to make this announcement right here at West Point. (Applause.) You know, we meet this morning not as members of opposing teams, but as one people called Americans. Americans who know that -- like the memorial at Pearl Harbor, or the chapel at the Air Force Academy, its silhouette reaching toward the sky this ground right here at West Point reflects our deepest values and principles. Look around you -- the majestic cadet chapel, the four statues in the mess hall, on grounds hallowed by generations of military heroes. Their lessons live as oral history, passed from one decade to another. Militarily and culturally, morally and spiritually, West Point has always been a metaphor for the American Character. The American Character inspired generations of immigrants to push back the wilderness, establish settlements, and secure independence. One generation preserved the Union. Another fought "the war to end all wars." The generation of your parents and grandparents showed that the Iron Curtain could not hold back America's values, America's hopes, America's example. Today, I want to talk of the American Character and how. to make ours the greatest nation. This character has many elements, the foremost of which is our devotion to freedom. The love of liberty drives our national heartbeat. Night I add, that that beat is regular, not fibrillating. (Applause.) A central tenet of this devotion freedom of religion creates a special place for values, for morals and faiths and causes larger than ourselves. Next, our character bursts with self-reliance and creativity two qualities that propel us from the drawing boards of today to the launching pads of tomorrow. Indeed, to this day, the only footprints on the moon are American footprints. The only flag, the Stars and Stripes. Finally, we define our character through the service we render to others, by assuming responsibility for the welfare of our homes, our families and communities. we must serve those for whom the American Dream still seems an impossible dream. You at West Point have established an example for the rest of the nation. Here people measure each other in terms of merit, heart, and will -- not creed or sex or color or national origin. Look to your left and look to your right, and what do you see? People divided by race and religion? No. You see your friends -- and your future. Our Armed Forces have shown what Americans can ão when they see themselves not as white and black and red or brown, but as one people united in common purpose pulling for each other, helping each other, relying upon each other - and in the process, getting the job done. (Applause.) More than three decades ago, the civil rights movement reshaped a nation by appealing to this American Character. It invited people to join hands in common cause against evil, to build a society upon common decency and respect. Hartin Luther King dreamed of an America in which one day our children would and to quote -- "not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character." In the Army, just as here at West Point, that "one day" has arrived. As Chief Justice Earl Warren wrote in Brown versus the Board of Education, "The road to progress for the victims of past discrimination is equal and excellent education." In the years since the Army became a volunteer force it has featured equal and excellent education. As a result, we have the best educated military in our history. The percentage of minority enlisted personnel has nearly doubled as has the number of minority noncommissioned officers. The number of minority officers has almost tripled. HORE - 3 - And you may recall that at the beginning of the Gulf war -- think back now -- you may recall that at the beginning of the Gulf war some complained that we have too many minorities in the military. ity disagreement could not be more clear. The military is, yes, the greatest equal opportunity employer around. And as our distinguished Chairman Colin Powell said at the time, we have nothing to be ashamed of. At West Point and at West Point certainly, you have plenty to be proud of. (Applause.) Your class boasts the one thousandth black graduate of this institution, a great leader, as anybody who's been around this place knows, a great athlete. The one thousandth female graduate, also an all-around leader, a good soldier. And then the first graduate -- your class -- the first graduate from among the Hmong people of Laos. Yet the Army and West Point don't recruit minorities. They recruit soldiers -- the finest sons and daughters any country could ever have. (Applause.) And so our country's tack, America's task, is to achieve nationally what we celebrate today at West Point. We must think of ourselves not as colors or numbers, but as Americans, as bearers of sacred values. To reach that end, we must destroy the racial mistrust that threatens our national well-being as much as violence, or drugs, or poverty. We've all seen images of racial violence -- vivid pictures of fire and destruction, flashing lights and nightsticks. But we've also experienced little episodes of mistrust -- little ugly examples -- people slipping across the street to avoid someone of a different color; pressing themselves wearily into the back of an elevator. The practice of distrusting strangers because of their race or nationality. The habit of using patronizing or demeaning stereotypes. Let's not kid ourselves. Regrettably, racism and bigotry still exist in this great country of ours. But let there be no doubt, this President and this administration will strike at discrimination wherever it exists. (Applause.) Because, you see, prejudice and hate have no place in this country, period. The real question that's facing us is not whether to fight these evils, but how. Black and white, the great civil rights leaders of the '50s and '60s deplored intolerance, demanded equality of opportunity and equality under the law. Government's responsibility is to enhance, not redistribute, opportunity to ensure that all people get a fair-chance to achieve their dreams. And today, some talk not of opportunity, but of redestributing rights. They'd pit one group against another, encourage people to think of others as competitors, not colleagues. That's not the way to achieve justice and equality here in America. We need to adopt a more unifying, moral and noble approach. I learned long ago that if you want something done, give someone a reason for doing it. Don't put them on the defensive; don't brow-beat them -- appeal to the better angels of their nature. As I see it, this is the concept behind affirmative action: To me, true affirmative action expresses a duty of citizenship good-faith efforts to provide opportunity for individuals based on merit -- to reach out and create truly equal opportunity for those who have been left behind, those who have been excluded Some. think affirmative action should involve a Rubik's Cube of workplace guarantees. And I believe that it should inspire people of all races to nurture affirmative values, affirmative views of themselves -- affirmative lives. And that's why our administration is committed to a comprehensive attack on the problems facing disadvantaged Americans, We've called for a revolution in education with our America 2000 MORE - 4 - strategy. We've tried to reform the public housing system -- turn it into an ownership system -- with a program we call -- properly call -- HOPE, H-O-P-E. And we've proposed enterprise zones, to plant seeds of growth amid the ruins of crumbling cities and dusty rural areas. And offered tough anticrime legislation -- because no American is free if imprisoned by the fear of crime. And we have advocated community opportunity areas -- to shift power from the heavy hand of the state to the hands that run the home, raise the family. God bless the strength of the American family. We've got to do more to help strengthen it. (Applause.) These policies give power back to the people and they move us toward achieving the goal of equal opportunity. They do not -- cannot -- ensure equal success. In that spirit, consider our civil rights package. Our administration's S-1991 civil rights bill would forbid consideration of factors such as race and sex in employment practices. It will ensure that Congress lives by the same rules it prescribes for others. And it will not force employers to choose between using quotas or the risk of costly litigation. (Applause.) I know there's another so-called civil rights bill out there, but it's a quota bill, regardless of how its authors dress it up. You can't put a sign on a pig and say it's a horse. It invites people to litigate, not cooperate. And this is no way in our country to promote harmony. And so, let us cast off now the politics of division. Let's build a society in which people respect each other, work with -- not against -- each other, and strive to illuminate the American Character. Tomorrow, our able Secretary of HHS -- Health and Human Services -- my colleague in our Cabinet, Dr. Lou Sullivan will address the high school in his hometown of Blakely, Georgia. What's unusual is that this distinguished doctor now, then was not permitted to attend that school when he was young. It would not admit black kids. He overcame the burdens of prejudice to become an eloquent advocate of good education and sound values. And Lou has forgiven, but he and we can never forget the terrible things that racism and prejudice can do to a land. Here at Gest Point you have shown the essence of the American Character -- opportunity based on merit. Anc now, let us build a "We" -- not a "He" -- generation by carrying the ideals of this school to the nation and the world. You know, many of the servicemen and women who performed brilliantly during Operation Desert Shield and then, subsequently, Desert Storm have become what we call Points of Light at home. They've returned to their own communities and urged young people to follow their lead, to work hard, to stay in school, to stay away from drugs. And so let's thank those who have taken this message back to the schools and communities across our land. And let's VOW to ão more. And I'd like to encourage all of you -- respected in your communities now -- to become Points of Light. Visit a school or a recreation center or a place of worship, and share some of your lives and your experiences. I ask communities to invite these wonderful men and women to speak at the schools and other forums. You in this Class of 1991 can show that the story of the Good Samaritan is more than just an object lesson, for, you see, it's part of the American Character. Douglas hacArthur, a son of Mest Point, once said, "The soldier, above all other people, prays for peace, for he must suffer and bear the deepest wounds and scars of war." America's magnificent military has helped secure the peace abroad. Our challenge nov is to heal the wounds and the scars at home -- and help the extended hand MORE - 5 - spur harmony and brothernood, not faction and suspicion. (Applause.) And SC let us honor the true grandeur of America -- the dignity of the individual. You here at lest Point, you all lead the way. May God bless the Class of 1991 as you go on with your service to the greatest country on the face of the Earth. And may God bless the United States of America. Thank you all very much. (Applause.) END 10:32 A.H. BDT May 19 / Administratic velopments, but we're not sure we know all Q. What are they not giving on, Mr. of it yet. I think the General will be in President? touch and might have a little more later on. The President. Well, we still have some But it's-how would you describe it? Some unfulfilled arms control problems that we're encouraging things all familiar with. General Scowcroft. Some progress. The President.-and some problems Note: The President spoke at approximately that still remain to be solved. So, it's a 9:23 a.m. in the lobby. of the Kirby Man- mixed review right now, but we'll keep sion. In his remarks, he referred to Ken Lay going forward. We want the Gorbachev and George Starke, Cochairmen of the summit to be successful, but it's going to Houston Economic Summit Committee, and take some give on the Soviet side, in my view. But we're going to keep pushing. Secretary of State James A. Baker III. Remarks at the University of Texas Commencement Ceremony in Austin May 19, 1990 Governor, thank you. Thank you very, address, including a former Texas public very much. Delighted to be here. A mag- school teacher by the name of Lyndon nificent turnout. Thank you all. Governor Johnson and, later, his wonderful wife who Clements-Bill-thank you very much for served this university as a regent, Lady Bird that gracious introduction. And to you and Johnson. So, I consider it the highest honor Rita, my profound thanks. I do view you as to once again address the graduates of this friends, and I'm very lucky for that. To great institution. Congressman Jake Pickle and Beryl, con- The ideals of U.T. were born with Texas, gratulations, and congratulations on the when the revolutionaries of 1836 called for graduation of your granddaughter, Bergan "a university of the first class." And Texas Norris, out here somewhere. And to Chair- began dirt-poor, but Texans were rich in man Beecherl and members of this distin- land and vision. And so, what began as a guished board of regents and to Chancellor dream of 40 acres of pasture is now a mini- Mark and President Cunningham, distin- metropolis housing some of the best schools guished platform guests, Reverend Be- in America. Nobel and Pulitzer Prize win- thune, most distinguished faculty of this ners rank among your faculty; National great university, thank you all. Merit scholars lead your students. So, let me I'm pleased to be here, and there is noth- say it loud and clear: The first Texans, in a ing like the great outdoors. For once, it sense, were wrong. This is not just a first- doesn't seem to matter whether you sit on class university. You are graduates of a the 50-yard line or not. And I understand world-class university. And if I ever forget I'm also too late for Eeyore's birthday party. this, if I ever should forget that, our Secre- But it's great to be back in Longhorn coun- tary of State, Jim Baker, would remind me, try, just the same. and so would our own son Jeb, another I gave my first U.T. commencement ad- proud graduate of this University of Texas. dress in '73, when I had just completed a Your splendid libraries house the manu- tour of duty as Ambassador at the United scripts of Joyce and Hemingway and Beck- Nations, and I am pleased to be back. And I ett. You are justly proud of rare books and am grateful and, indeed, honored by this folios that resound with the rich voices of honorary degree [in law]. Thank you very Chaucer and the Italian Renaissance, Shake- much for that high honor, to the regents. speare and Spenser. But a world-class uni- So many great Americans have given this versity must have a revered tradition of its 686 Administration of George Bush, 1990 / May 19 g on, Mr. own. And so you do. It was near here that J. make your life an adventure. Next month Frank Dobie held court with other scholars will be 42 years since my own graduation. have some of the Southwest on the beloved Paisano And like many of you, I, too, was presented that we're Ranch, and it was here that Walter Prescott with some choices on my graduation day: Webb scrutinized old legends and O. Henry further study or maybe a law firm or a bank spun new ones. or the stock market, and probably for me in )roximately And since then, students from around the New York or in the East-honorable inter- Kirby Man- world have become a true part of the Uni- esting professions, all. But the truly great to Ken Lay versity of Texas community as U.T. has cer- decisions we make in life are rarely logical en of the tainly become more of a part of the world. or practical. They spring right from the mittee, and And within this wide world, you can choose heart. And so, I packed up, Barbara and I to work and succeed in Paris, France, or III. packed, and I drove my red Studebaker Paris, Texas. And in short, you face the best from the Eastern States of our upbringing of dilemmas, a wealth of opportunities-op- to the oil fields of west Texas. And we chose portunities born of democracy. In four commencement addresses this a future that would be uniquely our own. And like most Americans, we were free to ony in spring, I have examined what makes de- mocracy such a special way of life: how de- live where we pleased, do what we wanted. mocracies refuse to perish by uniting in a We came of age at a time when the postwar strong defensive alliance; how they are possibilities of America seemed limitless. strengthened by the rule of law; how free- But outside of America back then, the exas public dom empowers people to solve the toughest world of free choices was shrinking. Win- of Lyndon problems; and how democracy leads to ston Churchill's prediction that an Iron Cur- il wife who progress and adventure. Tonight, in this, for tain would sever Europe into two hostile me, my final commencement address of the camps was soon fact. An Iron Curtain did Lady Bird year, I want to discuss the personal side of cut Eastern Europe from the West and Ger- ghest honor ates of this democracy: what it offers us and what we many from itself. And when every brick, can make of it. every guard tower, and every strand of To graduate from college in America is to barbed wire was in place, two worlds exist- with Texas, be as free as any man or woman can be. ed: one of free people and free choice, and 6 called for And now, for the first time in half a centu- one of tyranny and subjugation. Eventually, And Texas ry, a new generation in Eastern Europe is millions of men and women were told what ere rich in reveling in freedom, throwing their caps in to think and study, what job to take, and began as a the air and shouting to the high heavens where to live. Imagine, all that drive, now a mini- because finally they are free to live where talent, and imagination misused and wasted. best schools they want and free to be what they want. Yet many still held fast to what Barbara Prize win- From Austin, Texas, to Berlin to Budapest, Jordan calls conviction values. Even under y; National we live during a remarkable moment in the pain of death, they resisted. S. So, let me world history, an exhilarating time: the tri- This was the conviction Andrei Sakharov, Texans, in a umph of freedom. who, you remember, confronted Khru- just a first- But freedom has a constant companion: shchev with the truth on above-ground nu- luates of a challenge. And so, I am here tonight to clear testing. And that's one reason the ever forget challenge you to make the most of our Soviet people revere his memory today. our Secre- changing world, to live these remarkable This is the conviction of an electrician from remind me, times, to take risks, to do something ex- Gdansk, who I'm proud to know, Lech eb, another traordinary. This is what Jack London was Walesa, who led the Polish people to free- ity of Texas. getting at when he wrote: "I would rather dom. And it's the conviction of Václav the manu- be a superb meteor, every atom of me in Havel of Czechoslovakia, the imprisoned y and Beck- magnificent glow, than a sleepy and perma- playwright who now leads a great nation. e books and nent planet. The proper function of man is Let me tell you a little incident about ch voices of to live, not to exist." President Havel and a few other brave souls ance, Shake- And of course, you don't have to strike from the East. It was this man that I had ld-class uni- out for the South Seas or the wild country the honor of inviting up to the White House adition of its of Alaska like Jack London, but you can Residence not so many days ago to see the 687 May 19 / Administration of George Bush, 1990 Lincoln Bedroom. And President Havel was women yearning to be free is simply prov- in awe because he knew that this room was ing tougher than the walls that surround really President Lincoln's old office, and it them. Because of their courage, the free was there that Lincoln worked, deliberated, world is now more vast than anyone ever agonized over a terrible war. But President dared imagine. And this is our amazing new Havel knew that that room is hallowed for world of freedom. And with greater free- one reason above all: It was there that dom comes greater opportunity-in the President Lincoln signed the Emancipation East and the West. Whether you will make Proclamation. It was there in that room that your careers in the arts, business, law, or he freed a people, and it was there in that science, this can only be good news. room that I saw President Havel moved to tears by the knowledge that freedom's bell Just this morning, I toured the Houston office of what will be the site of our next was ringing at long last for his beloved Czechoslovakia. economic summit with Canada, France, What one man draws from history an- Great Britain, Italy, Japan, and Western other finds in music. President Landsbergis Germany. When we meet, it will be more of Lithuania, who adopted Beethoven's than just a comparison of balance sheets: it Ninth Symphony as an anthem for his peo- will be an act of fellowship between free ple's movement, was asked why the strains nations. These nations stood with us of Beethoven should resound through the through that long twilight struggle; through streets and squares of Vilnius; and he re- the painstaking building of alliances and the plied that it is because the Ninth is a "sym- endless preparations for a war that must phony of freedom and victory against slav- never be; through the human toil and the ery, insidiousness, and darkest hatred." human toll, the sacrifice of resources that And what one finds in. music another could have been used for gentler ends. And finds in words. Consider the case of a man this is what the Cold War has cost Western named Cestimir Suchy, a Czech journalist Europe and America, but that sacrifice has who refused to describe the 1968 Soviet been rewarded by the most precious gift of invasion of his country as an act of brother- all: the dawn of new freedom and new ly love. Mr. Suchy was fired for his honesty, hope for millions. but he was allowed to make a living at a Today we see progress on many impor- new profession: washing windows. Ask him tant fronts. As you know, Secretary Baker for his business card today, and it still says has been meeting this week with Soviet Suchy, Window Washer. But this is an ex- leaders to prepare for my summit confer- ample of the man's good humor, for now he ence with President Gorbachev beginning has a job with a new title. He is the dean of May 31. And while there is additional work journalism at Prague's Charles University. to be done, I think Jim Baker's meetings Throughout the universities of the East it is represent a major step forward. This break- the mandarins of Marxist dogma who are through should allow us to reach the impor- now out of work. tant goal that we set in Malta: completing Let me tell you one last story, that of the major substantive elements of an histor- Arpad Göncz of Hungary, who came to visit ic strategic arms reduction treaty. In addi- me just yesterday in the Oval Office. Like tion, we will be able to conclude other arms President Havel, President Gönez is also a control measures with the Soviets, including playwright. I don't know what it is about an agreement on dramatic reduction in playwrights becoming Presidents of great chemical weapons, as well as technical and countries in Eastern Europe, but a former commercial agreements. I am confident anti-Fascist fighter and newspaper editor, that the progress that we have made will he was sentenced to life imprisonment allow this summit to be another solid step during the 1956 revolution. But once re- forward in the vital U.S.-Soviet relationship. leased, he persevered as a dissident, and Today, as perhaps never before in history, today he leads the Hungarian people as freedom is prevailing throughout the world their acting President. because freedom works. Freedom is not And so, the determination of men and only right, it's practical. It's not only good, 688 Administration of George Bush, 1990 / May 20 simply prov- it is better. And it is because of the indomi- ics of Central Africa. But whatever you do, at surround table spirit of man that the day of the dicta- live a life of adventure and meaning so bril- ge, the free tor is over. But there are also many extraor- liant that, like a Roman candle, it lights up anyone ever dinary men and women to be found right the world. Dazzle us. Astonish us. Be ex- amazing new here at home, like Felicitas Atabong, a stu- traordinary. greater free- dent from Cameroon, who tonight will re- Once again, it is a delight to be back. God nity-in the ceive a degree in computer science. She bless all of you graduates of this great uni- ou will make just turned 19. And then there's Maggie versity, and may God bless the United ness, law, or Taylor, who graduates tonight with a bache- States of America. Hook 'em, 'Horns! Thank lews. lor of fine arts degree at the age of 70, or you very, very much. Thank you. Thank the Houston Irene Burnside, a nurse whose experience you all. of our next goes back to the Army Nurse Corps. in the ada, France, Pacific theater of World War II. And to- Note: The President spoke at 8:20 p.m. at and Western night she earns her Ph.D. in nursing with a the Neuhaus-Royal Athletic Complex on the will be more speciality in gerontology. campus of the university. In his remarks, he nce sheets: it But like them, you-all of you-have referred to Rita Clements, wife of Gov. Wil- between free spent years learning, and now is the time as liam P. Clements, Jr.; Beryl Pickle, wife of d with us you leave this great university to spend Representative J.J. Pickle; Louis A. Beecherl, ggle; through your life doing. Make your Czech or Polish Jr., and Hans Mark, chairman of the board inces and the lessons work for the Citizens Democracy of regents and chancellor, respectively, of ar that must Corps. Put your Spanish in service of the the university system; and William H. Cun- toil and the Peace Corps. Or work with VISTA right ningham, president of the university. The esources that here in our precious United States of Amer- President also referred to the city's annual 'er ends. And ica. Care for the AID babies. Love every celebration of the birthday of Eeyore, a cost Western child, in the hospital corridors of your own character from the Winnie-the-Pooh chil- sacrifice has backyard in Austin to the beleaguered clin- dren's stories by A.A. Milne. ecious gift of m and new many impor- Remarks at the Dedication Ceremony for the Police Memorial in retary Baker Portland, Oregon with Soviet nmit confer- May 20, 1990 ev beginning ditional work Thank you, Chief Walker, and I just want erts and Attorney General Frohnmayer, my er's meetings to repeat what I told you: I've been looking great friend who is doing a fine job in this 1. This break- forward very much to being here today, law enforcement field-has been for ch the impor- pay my respects to so many. And thank you years-out front long before its time. : completing for doing the introduction. Wonderfully And Mayor Clark and friends, relatives, of an histor- brief-a wonderfully brief introduction. and all of us who are admirers of Portland's eaty. In addi- [Laughter] finest, it's a privilege to be with you and to le other arms And let me just say what a pleasure it is officially dedicate a monument that em- ets, including to have Bill Bennett with me. He is our bodies integrity, sacrifice and, above all, reduction in leader in the Federal Government, all courage-just plain courage-qualities that technical and across the Federal Government, in the fight define the essence of law enforcement offi- m confident against narcotics. And in my view, he is cers and of the United States of America as ve made will doing not only a job of sacrifice but an out- well. In the Bible we read: "Greater love er solid step standing job for our country, and we ought hath no man than this, that a man lay down relationship. to be very, very grateful to him. his life for his friends." The men we salute ore in history, And also, one of our great Congressmen today laid- down their lives for us. We meet out the world is here, Denny Smith, one of the people I today to thank them on behalf of every edom is not count on in Washington in our efforts to American. 5t only good, fight crime, and also Secretary of State Rob- There will be 21 names on the Portland 689 May 12 / Adn the Equal Employment Opportunity Com- Mr. Hunter graduated from the Universi- mission in St. Louis as a senior trial attor- ty of Arkansas (B.A., 1974) and the Wash- ney, 1980-1981, and as a trial attorney, ington University School of Law (J.D., 1979-1980. Mr. Hunter was a field attorney for the National Labor Relations Board in 1977). He was born July 5, 1952, is married, St. Louis, 1977-1979. and currently resides in Jefferson City, MO. Remarks at the Alcorn State University Commencement Ceremony in Lorman, Mississippi May 13, 1989 Thank you all, and especially, my thanks that I want to congratulate. In a very pri- to you, Dr. Washington. You know, last vate way, your years of hard work and your month we commemorated the bicentennial years of sacrifice and, yes, love for your sons of the American Presidency. And, Walter, I and daughters have brought this moment to have to tell you, after all these actors in pass. And although the first round of ap- powdered wigs, it is a relief to stand beside plause has died now, I think you all really someone who really is President Washing- deserve the first round of applause-the ton. [Laughter] Good morning. parents and the grandparents of the gradu- But to you and your wonderful faculty ates here today. here at Alcorn, I just say I am delighted to I know how deadly long graduation be here. Incidentally, Dr. Washington's ears speeches can be. I'll never forget Yale Uni- should have been burning, because when I versity where I went. A man got up, he rode down on the helicopter from Jackson says, "I'm going to give you a brief gradua- with the two United States Senators from tion speech. And I will choose, because our Mississippi, they were telling me in consid- school has a short name, Y. Y is for youth." erable detail-more than I knew from my He went on for about 30 minutes. "And briefing papers-of this man's commitment then it's A, altruism"-[laughter]-another to excellence. And so, I salute him and his 20; L, loyalty-rushed that off in about 18 service to this wonderful university. minutes; and then, of course, E, for excel- Lieutenant Governor Dye, it's a pleasure lence. He concluded about an hour and a to be with you, sir. I'm, of course, delighted half after he started. And there was one that Thad Cochran and Trent Lott are with person left, his head bent in prayer. And us today, a tribute to all here. I'm very the minister, the speaker, very touched by pleased that my good friend, Sonny Mont- it, said, "Well, sir, I see that you are praying gomery, a Congressman whose home is in for these values." The man said, "No, no." Meridian, is here. We're in Congressman He said, "I wasn't praying for the values. I Mike Espy's district, and I salute him. Con- was giving thanks to the Lord that I did not gressman Mike Parker is here, and many go to Alcorn State University in Lorman, other distinguished guests. I also want to Mississippi." [Laughter] I'll try to be a little say thanks to all of them. more considerate. Congratulations also to the families and Dr. David Matthews, in his lovely invoca- the friends and the fans of these students. tion, alluded to family. He alluded to some But I think most of all, to the Alcorn State of the problems that we face. And the University Class of 1989, we salute you, and American family has been under siege in I'm proud to be with you. You've been part recent times. But as the months unfold, I've of what they call the Alcorn family. And become more and more certain that the this is a day for the family. But it's your answer to our problems can be found in the own individual families, the mothers and strength of the American family. Looking fathers and grandparents gathered here, around this room, you can sense the feeling 544 Administration of George Bush, 1989 / May 13 the Universi- of pride, and it's a powerful force for good. just idle talk. Last month's order also direct- and the Wash- And as President, I will do everything I can ed that the Federal personnel office devel- of Law (J.D., to promote the family: excellence in educa- op a program to improve recruitment at 1952, is married, tion, to protect the family in the fight Alcorn and similar colleges for part-time erson City, MO. against narcotics, and to reaffirm the family and summer positions to help people get values that brought your kids through these started in the concept of Federal public 4 challenging years. service. And I understand that a campaign For some American families-those fortu- is underway here now to raise a half a mil- nate families where children are raised as- lion dollars through a Federal challenge Ceremony suming that they'll have the opportunity to grant program. Recently, I signed an order go to college-the drama of today's ceremo- bringing $60 million in new funds to boost ny is difficult to appreciate. Many of you the endowment matching grants available are the first, though, in your families ever to schools like Alcorn. As I told the college to attend college, let alone stay the course Presidents who gathered at the White through graduation. And the economic In a very pri- House last month, these new initiatives are transformation wrought by the historically work and your just a start. More must be done. black colleges such as Alcorn is nothing less 'e for your sons But on a day like today, there is much of than astounding. While 85 percent of the this moment to which we can be proud. Alcorn has come a United Negro College Fund alumni come t round of ap- from blue-collar families, almost all go on to long way since 1948. That was the land- you all really professional or managerial positions, and in mark year that Alcorn first earned its "A" applause-the many cases, they're the first blacks to hold rating as an accredited college. And that S' of the gradu- these particular positions. It's an exciting was the year "The Stretch" was finally tradition and one of the most underappre- paved, a milestone that was resoundingly ng graduation ciated success stories in America. cheered by the graduating class. rget Yale Uni- It's also a tradition that is close to my Do you know how many graduated back an got up, he heart, because way back in 1948, when I in 1948? Trivial Pursuit question-how 1 brief gradua- was a senior at Y-A-L-E, 41 years ago, my many? Sixty in number, barely a fifth of the e, because our wife, Barbara-still my wife, Barbara; then total receiving degrees today, a ceremony is for youth.' she and I had been married just a few so small that it fit comfortably into the Oak- ninutes. "And years-we began participating in the land Chapel. And like my classmates in hter]-another United Negro College Fund. And in the 40 Connecticut, many of the men at Alcorn in ff in about 18 years since then, we've continued to try to 1948 were veterans, soldiers who had E, for excel- do our small part. And even before becom- fought for democracy, many of them serv- n hour and a ing President, back in January, just a week ing in segregated units. And like many of here was one before the inauguration, Dr. Washington you today, the Alcornites of 1948 were prayer. And and some of his colleagues came to Wash- graduating with skills that would enable y touched by ington, DC, met with me to talk about how them to feed the hungry, nurse the sick, u are praying the new administration can best support and reach out to help the young through id, "No, no." this unique tradition. And some good ideas education. the values. I came out of that gathering, and several are Future Pittsburgh Steeler Jack Spinks, the that I did not already in effect-begun last month in the first black pro athlete to come out of Missis- in Lorman, meeting that he alluded to, when Dr. Wash- sippi, was getting ready to start his fresh- to be a little ington and others joined me in the Rose man year. He would soon be practicing in a Garden to launch the President's Board of ramshackle wooden building that everyone ovely invoca- Advisors on Historically Black Colleges and called the "Old Chicken Coop." And Jack ided to some Universities. says that when it rained during basketball ce. And the And now I understand that several of games, the roof leaked so bad that people der siege in today's graduates are going to be joining in had to keep their umbrellas open. The S unfold, I've Federal service-in agriculture, defense, modern field house in which we're gath- ain that the transportation, and other critical areas. And ered today was not then even a dream. And found in the I'm proud of you, and we welcome you. Jack, I am told, is somewhere out here ily. Looking And we need excellence in Federal service; today, and I understand that his youngest 3 the feeling America needs your talents. And that's not son is part of the graduating class. 545 May 13 / Administration of George Bush, 1989 But these 40 years of schooling that sepa- choice. The educational system must offer to rate father and son-the years that separate parents quality choice in education. Al- ca them embrace an era of tremendous corn's a good example. But our schools must g! change for Alcorn and for the United States also be more accountable, and those of you of America, a time of upheaval and, finally, who will know the joy of helping a child a time of growth, and maybe something like learn are an important part of that responsi- th wisdom. bility. Others are headed for health care, yo Not everything has changed: the threads agriculture, journalism, the professions. yo woven through the fabric at Alcorn, and Whatever you choose, it is within you to anyplace where excellence is sought, are change the world; and any definition of a At what used to be called simple family values. successful life must, of course, include serv- de We're not talking about two sets of values; ing others. family values are the same regardless of As each of you begins a new life today, race, color, or creed. Family values-they're you may fairly ask, will my future be not complicated: honesty, faith, frugality, secure? This isn't just a domestic question; acceptance of responsibility, the importance it's a foreign policy question. For the past of work, a tradition of helping one's neigh- 40 years, the United States and the Soviet bor. Martin Luther King argued that "intel- Union have been engaged in a struggle be- Ir ligence is not enough." He said, "Intelli- cause the Soviets have chosen to stand gence plus character-that is the goal of the true education." apart from and opposed to the world family Well, you here at Alcorn are lucky. This is of nations. Yesterday I announced a new a place where, as your old football coach policy for the 1990's, one that moves put it, "the air is a little bit cleaner, the beyond our country just trying to contain grass is a little bit greener, and the water is the Soviet Union. It sets a goal of bringing a little bit sweeter-it's just a little bit closer the Soviet Union into the world community, to heaven." You see, this place has charac- a policy of reintegration, if you will. And if to ter. It is a university with a mission. And to we succeed, I can guarantee to you and paraphrase a new song that's climbing the your kids that the future you know is going pe charts this month, this special, secluded col- to be safer and the world you know will be lege has been "the wind beneath your freer. This I see as a primary objective of to wings." And for you and for young Ameri- any President of the United States of Amer- th cans graduating all across this country this ica. As the Soviet Union moves towards wi month, it is time for you to take that wind greater openness and democratization and ro and soar. And for some of you, I hope there as they meet the challenge of responsible comes a day when you ride those winds international behavior, we will match their into the political arena to fight for what you steps with steps of our own. believe in, to grapple not only with your Today every senior here is an educated W own dreams but also those of your country- man or woman, proud, self-assured. With all men. the cockiness of youth, some of you-I hope go But politics is hardly the only arena most of you-must be feeling like anything where a new breeze is blowing. Some of is possible today. Well, trust those instincts. you will land in business, maybe even start Everyone has a dream. Everyone has some- a business where you can create jobs adding thing to give. to the opportunity of other Americans. And Last month I saw a new movie-maybe that's public service, too. Now, business can some of you all saw it-a movie about base- a be pretty rough-and-tumble. But America is ball and about faith, in which Burt Lancas- successful because we're a nation of risk- ter ponders the power of hope. And he takers. The Alcorn Braves know that you asks: "Is there enough magic out there in can't steal second base and keep one foot the moonlight to make this dream come on first. That's profound. [Laughter] Others true?" Well, I have come to Mississippi will teach the next generation and put wind today because the magic of America and of beneath their wings. Your touchstone the magic of our times means believing that qu should be excellence, accountability, and your best days-that our best days-are still le 546 Administration of George Bush, 1989 / May 13 must offer to come. Born in an era of peace and edu- America is proud of you and of your fami- cation. Al- cated in times of relative prosperity, your lies that you represent. God bless you in the hools must generation can look to a new century rich challenge to come, and God bless the lose of you with unimaginable opportunities. United States of America. I am honored to ng a child And, yes, there is enough magic out be your guest today. Thank you. it responsi- there, enough for all Americans. And, yes, ealth care, you can seize the magic with the power of Note: The President spoke at 11:15 a.m. in professions. your own hands and with the skills be- the Health and Physical Education Build- in you to queathed to you by this special university. ing. In his remarks, he referred to Walter ition of a And, yes, just as Alcorn's 1988 yearbook was Washington, president of the university; Lt. lude serv- dedicated to Dr. King, you can honor his Gov. Brad Dye; Senators Thad Cochran and memory by doing what he taught this Trent Lott; and David Matthews, president life today, nation to do: to have a dream and to work of the General Missionary Baptist State future be every day to make that dream come true. Convention of Mississippi. question; the past the Soviet ruggle be- Interview With Members of the White House Press Corps on the to stand Situation in Panama rld family ed a new May 13, 1989 it moves contain The President. Let me take a couple of permit democracy to prevail. bringing questions. But first, a word about Panama, Q. Do you think they have any doubt mmunity, just to be very clear. And if I were speaking about that? And aren't you calling for a 11. And if to the Panamanian people, I would tell coup on the part of the PDF? I mean, the you and them that the affection of the American Catholic Church in Panama also has basical- is going people for the people of Panama is still very ly been saying the same thing to the PDF. W will be much intact, strong. Secondly, I would say Are you saying- ective of to the Panama Defense Forces, the PDF, The President. That I just said? of Amer- they have a useful role to play, and they Q. Are you saying that you would like the towards will in the future of Panama have a useful PDF to get Noriega out? tion and role to play. The problem is not the PDF, The President. I would love to see them ponsible per se; the problem is Noriega. get him out. We'd like to see him out of tch their And if Noriega were to leave office, we there-not just the PDF, the will of the would have good relations with Panama. people of Panama. educated We would have good relations with the Q. It sounds like you're calling on the With all Panama Defense Force. And clearly, the people of Panama to rise up and basically -I hope good feelings between the American people have a revolution. Is that what you're trying anything and the people of Panama would grow and to say? nstincts. prosper. And so, I would hope that Noriega The President. A revolution-the people as some- would leave and that the results of this elec- rose up and spoke in a democratic election, tion would be recognized. The fraud in the with a tremendous turnout, said what they -maybe election has been condemned by people all wanted. The will of the people should not ut base- across the world; the European Communi- be thwarted by this man and a handful of Lancas- ty, leaders in our hemisphere, all the way to these Doberman thugs. That's what I'm And he Japan-people speaking out in indignation saying. here in against this thuggery and against what the Q. What do you think the people should 1 come man has done. do now? ssissippi So, I just want to be sure that the people The President. The people should do ev- ica and of Panama understand that relations can erything they can to have the will of the ing that quickly return to normal if Mr. Noriega will people respected. They ought to heed the are still leave and set aside his dictatorship and international calls, and they ought to just do 547 of George Bush, 1989 / May 13 you here today was dent. For what purpose? there. And it gives me a chance to-well, Q. To move in on Noriega. the question as to how we view the Pana- The President. If the PDF asks for sup- manian Defense Force itself, what would port to get rid of Noriega, they wouldn't happen if Noriega left, vis-a-vis the United need support from the United States to get States of America, and I hope it's known rid of Noriega. He's one man, and they that Endara— have a well-trained force. That's my- Q. You think that— Q. What about if-[inaudible]-opposi- The President. Well, I think in a situation tion asked for military support? of this nature, where the head of the PDF The President. I've outlined what we're has become such a pariah, that there per- doing. I've outlined what we're doing. I'd haps-been misunderstanding there as to love to see this be resolved diplomatically. how we view the institution itself and other And when you have overwhelming world of its officers. But if they come in there and opinion on your side, maybe something is Noriega goes and they respect the will of possible in the short-range future that has the people, I-you know, we see a very not been possible over the difficult past. useful role for the Panamanian Defense It's been a great pleasure. Force, in their own internal security and for Q. Do you still expect a smooth summit their own-any threat they might feel they in terms of resolving the missile issue? had to the external security. The President. We'll work it out. Q. Mr. President, has the PDF- Q. This is Panama day. The President. I really do have to go. The President. No, no, it's a good ques- Q. If the PDF asked for U.S. military tion. It will work out. This alliance is strong. help, how can we respond? What would we do? Note: The interview began at 1:21 p.m. on The President. Asked for it to do what? board Air Force One. Helen Thomas, United Q. If they asked for military support-if Press International; Rita Beamish, Associat- the PDF asks for military support from the ed Press; Frank Sesno, Cable News Network; United States. Joe Walsh, NBC/Mutual Radio; and Steve The President. Support for what? Kurkjian, Boston Globe, participated in the Q. Military troops. interview. Remarks at the Mississippi State University Commencement Ceremony in Starkville May 13, 1989 Congratulations to you. Thank you all I was at Alcorn State, another part of this very much. President Zacharias and mem- great State, earlier on. And I told them that bers of the board of trustees, members of I was reminded of my own graduation, be- the distinguished faculty, administrators, cause I could see on the faces of some of friends, soon to be graduates, I can't tell these kids the apprehension about the you how much I appreciate that warm Bull- President coming here and how long they dog welcome. Before I get too far into these might have to endure the message. And I remarks, I don't believe I've ever heard a was reminded of a graduation at Yale, and more beautiful or remarkable rendition of the speaker got up and went on and on. He the "Star Spangled Banner." Richard finally-at the beginning he said, "Yale-Y Gaddis-just wonderful. And thank you all is for youth." He talked about that for 20 for the warmth of this welcome here today. minutes; "A is for altruism"-18; "L is for And I am very honored and privileged to loyalty"-32 minutes; "E is for excellence." address your commencement. Finished his speech-there was only one 551 May 13 / Administration of George Bush, 1989 person left, head down in prayer. And the opportunity its bequest. We gather, also, in speaker said, "Were you praying for those a very special State, special for its people. values?" He said, "No, sir, I was giving You realize that who we are matters more thanks that I didn't go to Mississippi State than what we have. And you value home University." [Laughter] and family and tradition and service to I want to say what a great honor it is to country. see a long-time family friend, one of the I thought of that today as Air Force One great patriots of this or any other era, the brought me to Mississippi, and of how, for Honorable John Stennis, who resides right me, this afternoon also marks another jour- here on this campus. Judge Stennis, Senator ney, back to some of my own pivotal years, Stennis, call him what you will. He doesn't the years I spent as an undergraduate. It merely hail from Mississippi: He is Mississip- was 41 years ago next month that I, too, pi. And his service to the United States of received my degree, 1948. In 1948 there America will not be forgotten. Now, I won- were only 172,000 television sets owned in dered whether we could ever fill those big the entire United States of America. Milton shoes. But I say this not as a partisan but as Berle was "Mr. Television," taking pies in an observer of some time, as President the face. Harry Truman was Mr. President, Zacharias said, of the public scene. And you giving 'em hell. And in many ways, it was a have two great United States Senators in different America: less congestion, less pol- Thad Cochran and in Trent Lott, and I'm lution, less high tech. Pac Man was a proud to be with them here today. And I salute the two Members of Con- camper, not a video game. [Laughter] And gress that are with us today. One of them, we had problems, sure: at home, gas short- Congressman Montgomery, and I were ages and housing problems and veterans ad- elected to Congress on the same day. I'm justing to domestic life after World War II. delighted he's here. His great-grandfather, Abroad, the Cold War had turned frigid. Colonel W.B. Montgomery, was instrumen- The Communist bloc was solidifying. China tal in rebuilding Mississippi after the war, and the Middle East were rent asunder by and he played a major role in founding this war. And in a Europe torn by conflicting university. And so, this afternoon I want to ideologies, the Soviets were blockading West Berlin. recognize those pioneering efforts and to salute my dear friend, the colonel's great- And yet, with the end of World War II, grandson, your own Congressman, Sonny America was unified as few could have Montgomery. He always kids me that I win imagined. I'm sure many of you have seen only when I'm wearing my Mississippi State that famous Life magazine photo that cap- shorts. I brought them along today with a tured the spirit of those times: the sailor in plea: Can't we do better than this? [Laugh- Times Square embracing a woman in the ter] Twenty years. If you don't do better mass exultation of V-J Day, a victory for than that by me, you're going to get this. freedom that came after so much sacrifice. [Laughter] Like the woman swept off her feet, the spirit of rejoicing, and more importantly the [At this point, the President held up an old, limitless possibilities of America, swept us worn pair of Mississippi State exercise all. And I, too, felt that sense of idealism shorts and indicated that if they were not and opportunity and headed on out with replaced by something better that he would Barbara-headed out to Texas to make the wear shorts from the University of Missis- most of the American Dream. sippi, a rival school.] But today I look back upon those times, You know, I come from a State where we and I am struck by the wonder of how like to sing "The Eyes of Texas Are Upon much this country has achieved. What You." Well, today, my friends, the eyes of newly married vet in his early twenties America are upon Starkville, Mississippi. could have envisioned just how wide the For we meet, to begin with, at a special golden door of opportunity would swing in school, special because for 109 years MSU four short decades? And I ask myself, what has made education a lasting legacy and made this achievement possible? What 552 Administration of George Bush, 1989 / May 13 also, in caused America's technological and scientif- As I mentioned to the graduating class at people. ic advance, a prosperity and power unprec- Alcorn, I will do nothing as President, noth- 'S more edented in world history? One thing, I be- ing at all, to weaken our society by weaken- a home lieve, is what Mississippi's own William ing the fundamental role of family in our vice to Faulkner called "the old verities and truths society. Instead, I will do all I can to em- of the heart." My friends, it is these verities phasize its importance and to reinforce its ce One that in 1948 allowed us to meet our prob- role. I've been very lucky-a wonderful ow, for lems together. We took pride in our identi- wife and five great kids. They're through er jour- ty as a nation and solace in our faith in God. college. And I remember receiving letters a years, And above all, we believed in the simple, from them, and there would always be that uate. It the basic truths like kindness and civility, "P.S." at the bottom, those three little I, too, self-sacrifice and courage, compassion and words, "Please send money," that special S there concern for others, timeless values which bond between parents at home and kids /ned in span the generations, values which show away at school. I expect these parents have Milton that America is great because America is never, ever received a letter like that. pies in good. Five kids and 11 lively grandkids-and by esident, An old saying notes how "the world has themselves, they could field the Bulldogs' it was a turned over many times." It has since I ess pol- graduated. The postwar period has given entire pitching staff. And I understand you way to a new world, a world still perilous, people with the earphones staying plugged was a er] And but alive with prospects for peace and with in to the baseball game. [Laughter] If I the certainty of change. Yesterday at Texas were sitting up there, I'd be doing exactly S short- A&M in Bryan, Texas, I talked of that the same thing. [Laughter] Never say that ans ad- change, of a new policy that moves beyond Mississippians do not have their priorities War II. containment of the Soviet Union. And the sorted out right. [Laughter] frigid. China new policy seeks to bring the Soviet Union But like all kids, ours provide a Rubik der by into the family of nations, a policy, if you Cube of questions. And like most families, flicting will, of reintegration. And as the Soviet they supply that love and allegiance which Union moves toward greater openness and make us more fulfilled. And, believe me, :kading democratization, and as they meet the chal- sometimes we need that loyalty. I'm re- lenge of responsible international behavior, minded of the alumnus who sent his coach War II, we will match their steps with steps of our a telegram before the big game. It read: 1 have own. And if we succeed, the future of every "Remember, coach, we're all behind you- e seen graduate today is going to be safer. The win or tie." [Laughter] at cap- world we know will be more free. We can The individual is important, but the ailor in dedicate ourselves then to helping others family unit can be our secret weapon and in the even more. our shield. And as President, I want to ory for Yet there are some things that haven't strengthen it. To help the family, we must crifice. changed since 1948. Our values haven't. keep America prosperous, strong, and free. et, the We see these values everywhere: a church- We must stop the scourge of drug abuse, itly the based child-care center, choir practice, or and we will. We must build an educational ept us the PTA. And they uplift American society, system which invests in our children. And lealism for they reflect the tenets of "do unto for those who, for whatever reason-sick- it with others," tenets I respect and which I will ness, poverty, the death of a loved one- ike the try hard to serve as President of the United feel alone and isolated, let us become their States. And they are the values of America's family, not in a legal sense but in a human times, good, quiet, decent people, Americans who sense: helping, supporting, caring for our of how know that we are not the sum of our posses- neighbor. What sions but of how we conduct ourselves. And Today millions of Americans are doing venties these people form the heart of our society, just that: giving of themselves and helping de the and they enrich its central unit, the family. others. And we term their work volunta- ving in Here these values play a special role, for rism, or community service. For they show f, what they teach that life is not a celebration of how the definition of a successful life must What self and our fate is not divisible. include serving others. 553 May 13 / Administration of George Bush, 1989 The French writer Jean Cocteau was ied and struggled for 4 years, and now once asked what he would take if his house you've endured the hardest part: listening were on fire and he could remove only one to the commencement address. [Laughter] thing. "I would take the fire," he replied. And I haven't even begun. Let's see, Y-M- [Laughter] He liked what worked. Well, so I-S. [Laughter] do I. Community service works because it's But let me leave you with the thought real, not abstract. It makes achievements that Mississippi has given America some in- feasible. Compassion helps one child escape delible leaders: in politics, John Stennis; in heroin addiction. Generosity allows another publishing, Eugene Butler; in entertain- to eat a decent meal. And through faith in ment, country's Jerry Clower. And always, God, still another overcomes the curse of you've treasured Faulkner's "verities and bigotry and hatred. truths of the heart." Community service- And that's why I have created the Office national service-reflects those verities: of National Service, which will enlist new "love and honor and pride and compassion volunteers to help meet unmet social needs. and sacrifice," values which can ennoble Project Victory, or Mission Impossible? the family and American society at large. Look to the heroes of today for an answer- So, let Faulkner's "verities of the heart" be look to David Pettry, an MSU agronomist our values, not merely for this generation who has traveled around the world to nur- but for future generations. And inspired by ture soil management; or Steve Cooper, America's good, quiet, decent people, let us who works in Starkville's Help Find the help enrich America so that America can Children campaign; or Donnie Prisock-Dr. continue to enrich the world. Donnie-a quadriplegic who earned his Good luck to each one of you. My heart- Ph.D. and who counsels handicapped stu- felt congratulations! May your future be dents right here at this school. Heroes? worthy of your dreams. And may you Every one; for they know that the private always say, as I do now, God bless the sector-and individuals-have the resources United States of America. Thank you for and the responsibility to confront issues like inviting me. Thanks a lot. hunger and health care, drug abuse and teen pregnancy. A famous adage says that Note: The President spoke at 3:22 p.m. on "Luck is the residue of design." Well, Thurman field. He was introduced by America's luck can be the residue of volun- Donald W. Zacharias, president of the uni- tarism's design. versity. Following his remarks, the Presi- My friends, you've worked hard and stud- dent traveled to Lexington, KY. Remarks at a Fundraising Reception for Senator Mitch McConnell in Lexington, Kentucky May 13, 1989 What a great United States Senator you man-your own on the turf right here, have, and how impressive this turnout is, those of you from the Lexington area- which will guarantee his reelection! I Larry Hopkins, who's with us tonight and couldn't be more pleased to be here, and doing a great job in Washington. And long I'm pleased to see these three distinguished before he got into politics, I was a Jim Bun- Members of the Congress here. You may ning fan. And now I'm even more of a Jim not remember this ancient history, but Hal Bunning fan, I'll tell you. And I want to pay Rogers was my Kentucky State chairman in my respects to Bob Gable, our current State my quest for the Presidency. And what a party chairman. I'm delighted he's here, job that guy did, I'll tell you. And I want to and the other party officials. And of course, pay my respects to your own Congress- I'd be remiss if I didn't in a personal way 554 BUSH QUAYLE '92 PRESS ID:202-336-7330 APR 24'92 15:35 No. 004 P.01 Notre Dome Fill Janese TO: Dan McGroarty FROM: Diane Terpeluk DATE: April 23, 1992 PAGES (including cover): 6 MESSAGE: BUSH QUAYLE '92 PRESS ID:202-336-7330 APR 24'92 15:36 No.004 P.02 BUSH QUAYLE 92 April 24, 1992 NOTE FOR DAN McGROARTY THE WHITE HOUSE FROM: DIANE TERPELUK & DEPUTY TO THE GENERAL CHAIRMAN BUSH QUAYLE 92 SUBJECT: NOTRE DAME COMMENCEMENT ADDRESS It's my understanding that Jim Pinkerton recently passed along to you my note regarding Don Keough's interest in contributing to the President's remarks at Notre Dame on May 17. Following up on that, Keough just sent Bob Mosbacher a few thoughts in writing which I am passing along for your information. I hope this is helpful and that you'll contact Keough directly for further input - he is most anxious to help. Please let me know if you have questions on this (336-7093) and thanks for your help. Attachments 1030 15th St., NW, Washington, DC 20005 Paid for by Bush-Quayle '92 Primary Committee, Inc. Printed on Recycled Paper BUSH QUAYLE '92 PRESS ID:202-336-7330 APR 24'92 15:36 No. 004 P.03 The Coca-Cola Company COCA.COLA PLAZA ATLANTA, GEORGIA DONALD R. KEOUGH ADDRESS REPLY to PRESIDENT AND a.o. DRAWER 1734 CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER ATLANTA. GA 30301 404 676-2371 April 20, 1992 Honorable Robert Mosbacher General Chairman of the Bush-Quayle '92 1030 15th Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20005 Dear Bob: As promised, enclosed are a few thought starters for The President's Notre Dame speech. I have also provided a brief profile of the audience. Each year the freshman class is surveyed. I thought it might be helpful for you to see the results. While the material specifically deals with freshmen, it is a fairly close profile of the whole student body. I hope this material is helpful. We look forward to having The President at Notre Dame. Sincerely, Don DRK:fa Encls BUSH QUAYLE '92 PRESS ID 202-336-7330 APR 24'92 15:36 No.004 P.04 Notre Dame Speech -- Audience Cross section of middle America. For the most part Catholic. Many of the parents have struggled to provide for their children's education. Both graduates and parents hold basic American values. They love their country. volunteerism. They are highly motivated and exhibit a high level of Message Family and moral values Honesty Hard work Reward for a job well done Service above self people There is still a great country out there for young Responsibility to play a major role in rebuilding the basic American values Importance of life - adoption alternative Recognize parental involvement in children's upbringing and education Recognize sacrifices made for children's education voucher proposal -- Notre Dame No emphasis on football, Preeminent academic institution. Entrants SAT scores over 1300. Notre Dame. Recognize moral values graduates have been taught at Recognize heavy emphasis at Notre Dame on service to humanity and to the country. Vision for America Strong economic system. Expand markets for American products. Prepare workforce to compete. Reform nation's health care system. Reform the legal system. Eliminate waste in government. All spending. without raising taxes or increasing government BUSH QUAYLE '92 PRESS ID :202-336-7330 APR 24'92 15:37 No 004 P.05 Notre Dame Freshman Are More Politically Conservative Than Peers U nlike their counterparts na. Notre Dame freshmen may lean to- strong academic reputation was the tionwide, freshmen at the ward the conservative side, but their main reason 93 percent of the students University are leaning further views on leading Issues In this election decided to attend. And, just over 84 per- to the right on the political spectrum. year run the gamut. The survey cent said Notre Dame was their first That is one of the key conclusions In revealed: choice for college. the annual survey of college freshmen Some 67 percent think a national Notre Dame students have a long tra- conducted by the American Council on health-care plan is necessary. dition of serving the community and Education In conjunction with the Uni- Only 32 percent want an Increase in the freshman survey indicates that will versity of California at Los Angeles. taxes to reduce the national deficit. continue. About 89 percent of the re- Thirty-seven percent of this year's Almost 89 percent believe racial dis- spondents said they had engaged in Notre Dame freshmen described them. crimination remains a problem in the some kind of volunteer work. In addi- selves as politically conservative. a 3-per- United States. tion, there appears to be less materialism cent increase over last year. The Ninety-five percent agree with the among Notre Dame freshmen: 62 per- percentage of students calling them- statement: "Just because a man thinks a cent said they decided to attend college selves liberal rose just one-half point, to woman has 'led him on' does not entitle "to be able to make more money," com- 21.5 percent. The conservative faction him to have sex with her." pared with a record high 75 percent picked up middle-of-the-roaders, who About 89 percent want the govern- nationally. dropped from 43 percent to 41 percent. ment to do more about environmental Among other noteworthy observa- A more conservative student popula- problems. tions drawn from the survey of Notre tion at Notre Dame runs contrary to a More than 210,000 students at 431 Dame's freshman class: national trend. For the third straight colleges and universities responded to The fields of engineering, health year, the survey found an Increase, to this year's survey. The freshmen were care, law and business are the most 25.7 percent, in the number of students querled on everything from values to ca- popular careers. nationwide describing themselves as lib. reer goals to extracurricular activities. Only 1.7 percent smoke. Nation- eral. And, for the third straight year, the Among Notre Dame freshmen, aca- ally, there was an Increase in freshman number of conservative students demic issues are central to their colle- smokers to 11.3 percent. dropped, to 20.3 percent. giate experience. The University's Raising a family remains a high pri- ority among 82 percent of the University's freshmen. That's an In- $5 Million to Go to Doctoral Fellowships crease of two points from 1990 and 14 points higher than the national average. Over Life of NBC-TV Football Contract Eleven percent favor the legaliza- tion of marijuana compared with 21 per- cent nationally. T he University will commit $1 students, Father Beauchamp noted, but The class is far-flung geographically; million a year for the next if the Graduate School is to be successful 59 percent are more than 500 miles from five years from the proceeds in this competition, it must be able to home. of Its television contract with NBC to offer competitive fellowships. Almost 86 percent belonged to a endow doctoral fellowships In its Through its four divisions - hu- scholastic honor society in high school Graduate School, Rev. E. William $ manities, social sciences, science and compared with 27 percent nationally Beauchamp, C.S.C., the University's ex- engineering - the Graduate School of- ecutive vice president, has announced. fers 36 master's and 23 doctoral degrees. "Establishing this endowment ad- During the 1990.91 academic year, 76 dresses two of the University's highest percent of Notre Dame's approximately priorities," Father Beauchamp said. "It 1,400 graduate students received aid in tangibly strengthens our commitment to the form of fellowships, assistantships leadership in training the next genera- and tuition scholarships. tion of teachers, scholars and researchers The new fellowships are part of and it also advances our efforts to In- Notre Dame's previously announced crease substantially our student aid plan to devote the bulk of the proceeds endowment." from its contract with NBC to under- Notre Dame's doctoral programs have graduate and graduate financial aid University of become Increasingly capable of compet- endowment. Ing with the best programs for the best BUSH QUAYLE '92 PRESS ID:202-336-7330 APR 24'92 15:38 No 004 P.06 N B R E The Notre Dame Law School ranks Schubmehl-Prein Chair in the depart- 20th - up from 24th a year ago- in Rev. Mark J. Fitzgerald, C.S.C., ment of computer science and engineer- the 1992 U.S. News & World Report sur- professor emeritus of economics, has re- ing; John G. Borkowski, Andrew J. vey of America's best graduate schools. celved an award for outstanding McKenna Family professor of psychol- The survey ranked 175 law schools on achievement in Industrial relations from ogy, and Walter R. Johnson, Frank M. the Federal Mediation and Conciliation the basis of two representational surveys, Freimann professor of physics. The Uni- Service (FMCS). The citation cited "over as well as statistical data measuring stu- versity has 65 endowed chairs filled, 11 dent selectivity, faculty resources and fifty years of dedicated service as an edu- fully funded and awalting appoint- placement success. Yale University's law cator, a member of the War Labor Board, ments, and 31 In some stage of funding. school was rated highest, followed by an FMCS arbitrator, and founder of the Harvard and Stanford Universities, the annual Notre Dame Union-Management A survey by Northwestern Univer- Conference." University of Chicago and Columbia sity of 21 universities (all but one pri- University. The same magazine rated vate) has revealed some comparative Notre Dame's M.B.A. program. estab- Notre Dame magazine is observing statistics regarding boards of trustees. lished in 1967, 30th in the country, an its 20th anniversary. Since assuming the The number of Notre Dame trustees (50) improvement of five places. role of university magazine from the is fewer than the average for the group Nutre Dame Alumnus in 1972, the maga- (61). Notre Dame's percentage of male Jacques Maritain, the distinguished zine has been ranked in the top 10 of to female trustees (85-15) is slightly Thomist, has been dead for 19 years, but the nation's alumni publications 16 higher than the group (81-19). The Uni- his name still shows up on Notre Dame's times and has achieved the number-one versity has a slightly higher proportion benefactor list. The internationally rating twice, in 1978 and 1982. of minorities (13 percent) on its board known philosopher lectured at Notre than the average for the group (9 per- Dame, Princeton and Columbia before A paperback chronicling the history cent). Notre Dame has the same per- his retirement in 1960, and for a time of business education at the University, centage of alumni-trustees (68 percent) Notre Dame used his former home in O'Hara's Heirs: Business Education at Notre as has the overall group. Surveyed Princeton, NJ., as a sabbatical residence. Dame, 1921-1991, has been published by schools included Stanford, Chicago, The University is the beneficiary of roy- the College of Business Administration Princeton, Yale, Emory, Duke and Johns alties from some of Maritain's books on its 70th anniversary. Written by Hopkins. and they go into a fund supporting a Notre Dame magazine editor Kerry chair in the name of John Oesterle, who Temple, It describes the growth of the Notre Dame Stadium will be smoke- taught philosophy at Notre Dame until college from 690 graduates in its first de- free under a policy adopted recently by his death in 1977. cade to 4,985 in its seventh. The book is the University. The policy, developed available for $12 from the College's Cen- by a task force of staff, faculty and stu- ter for Business Communication. Notre Dame's annual student-spon- dents, prohibits smoking in all build- sored International Festival took place ings, stadiums and vehicles owned, in late March in South Bend's Civic Cen- James P. Kohn, professor of chemi- leased or operated by the University. ter. Featuring performances by some cal engineering, has been named a fel- The policy rests on the rights of non- 150 Notre Dame and Saint Mary's stu- low of the American Institute of smokers to a smoke-free environment dents from more than 30 foreign coun- Chemical Engineers. The author of 81 prevailing over the rights of an Indi- tries, the event played off-campus for technical publications in the field of vidual to smoke. the third time in nine years to empha- high pressure thermodynamics, Kohn size its appeal to the larger community. holds two patents and is the recipient of Some 2,000 volunteers from Notre both the faculty and teachings awards in Dame and Saint Mary's are expected to Five Notre Dame professors were in- the College of Engineering. participate in the fourth annual Christ- vested in endowed chairs at ceremonies mas in April program in South Bend. last month attended by benefactors of Matthew S. Cullinan, former re- Christmas in April, founded by Kansas search associate at the Center for Strate- the professorships. They are John B. City alumnus John McMeel '57, is four gic and International Studies in Attanasio, John M. Regan director of years old locally and is a one-day Inten- the Institute for International Peace Washington, has been appointed special sive effort to Improve the living condi- Studies: Harry W. Attridge, George N. assistant to Father Malloy. He is a 1985 Hons of homeowners who cannot graduate of Notre Dame with a master's Shuster dean of the College of Arts and restore their property themselves be- Letters; Steven C. Bass, holder of the degree in public policy from Duke Uni- cause of physical or monetary limita- versity. tions. 'Cherish your human connections' hank you very, very much Presi- unconditionally the same in all others. T dent Keohane, Mrs. Gorbachev, You should all be very proud that this trustees, faculty, parents, Julia is the Wellesley spirit. Now I know your Porter, class president, and cer- first choice for today was Alice Walker, tainly my new best friend Christine known for The Color Purple. Guess how Bicknell and of course the Class of 1990. I know. Instead you got me-known for I am really thrilled to be here today, and The Color of My Hair! Alice Walker's book very excited, as I know you must all be, has a special resonance here. At Wellesley, that Mrs. Gorbachev could join us. each class is known by a special color These are exciting times. They're and for four years the Class of '90 has worn exciting in Washington, and I had really the color purple. Today you meet on Sev- looked forward to coming to Wellesley. I erance Green to say goodbye to all that thought it would be fun. I never dreamed to begin a new and very personal journey it would be this much fun. So thank you Bradford Herzog to search for your own true colors. for that. In the world that awaits you beyond the More than ten years ago when I was shores of Lake Waban, no one can say what invited here to talk about our experiences your true colors will be. But this I do in the People's Republic of China, I was know: you have a first-class education struck by both the natural beauty of your campus and from a first-class school. And so you need not, probably the spirit of this place. cannot, live a. "Paint-by-Numbers" life. Decisions are not Wellesley, you see, is not just a place but an idea irrevocable. Choices do come back. As you set off from an experiment in excellence in which diversity is not just Wellesley, hope that many of you will consider making three tolerated, but is embraced. very special choices. The essence of this spirit was captured in a moving speech The first is to believe in something larger than yourself about tolerance given last year by the student body president to get involved in some of the big ideas of your time. I of one of your sister colleges. She related the story by Robert chose literacy because I honestly believe that if more people Fulghum about a young pastor who, finding himself in could read, write and comprehend, we would be that much charge of some very energetic children, hit upon a game closer to solving so many of the problems that plague our called "Giants, Wizards and Dwarfs. "You have to decide society. now," the pastor instructed the children, "which you are And early on I made another choice which I hope you will a giant, a wizard or a dwarf?" At that, a small girl tugging make as well. Whether you are talking about education, at his pants leg, asked, "But where do the mermaids stand?" career or service, you are talking about life and life really The pastor told her there are no mermaids. "Oh yes there must have joy. It's supposed to be fun! are," she said. "I am a mermaid." One of the reasons I made the most important decision Now this little girl knew what she was and she was not of my life to marry George Bush is because he made about to give up on either her identity or the game. She me laugh. It's true, sometimes we laugh through our tears intended to take her place wherever mermaids fit into the but that shared laughter has been one of our strongest scheme of things. Where do the mermaids stand all of bonds. Find the joy in life, because as Ferris Bueller said on those who are different, those who do not fit the boxes and his day off "Life moves pretty fast. Ya don't stop and look the pigeonholes? "Answer that question," wrote Fulghum, around once in a while, ya gonna miss it!" I'm not going to "and you can build a school, a nation, or a whole world tell George that you clapped more for Ferris than you did for on it." George. As that very wise young woman said "Diversity The third choice that must not be missed is to cherish like anything worth having requires effort." Effort to your human connections: Your relationships with family learn about and respect difference, to be compassionate with and friends. For several years, you've had impressed upon one another, to cherish our own identity and to accept you the importance to your career of dedication and hard Continued on page 43 7 Barbara Bush Continued from page 7 VIDEOTAPE work. This is true, but as important as your obligations as a doctor, a lawyer, or a business leader will be, you are a human being first and those human connections-with WELLESLEY COLLEGE COMMENCEMENT spouses, with children, with friends-are the most impor- June 1, 1990 tant investments you will ever make. At the end of your life, you will never regret not having Nannerl Overholser Keohane '61, President passed one more test, not winning one more verdict or not closing one more deal. You will regret time not spent with Speakers: a husband, a friend, a child or a parent. Barbara Bush, We are in a transitional period right now fascinating and exhilarating times learning to adjust to the changes First Lady of the United States of and the choices we America men and women are facing. As an example, I remember what a friend said, on hearing her Raisa Gorbachev, husband lament to his buddies that he had to babysit. First Lady of the Union of Soviet Quickly setting him straight my friend told her husband Socialist Republics that when it's your own kids it's not called babysitting! Maybe we should adjust faster, maybe we should adjust and including excerpts from the Student Address by Christine Forbes Bicknell '90 slower. But whatever the era whatever the times, one thing will never change: fathers and mothers, if you have children they must come first. You must read to your children, and you must hug your children, and you must This professionally produced VHS videotape of love your children. Your success as a family our success Wellesley's Commencement will be available shortly as a society depends not on what happens at the White at $25* per copy including shipping and handling. To House, but on what happens inside your house. order, please fill out the form below and send with your For over fifty years, it was said that the winner of Welles- check for $25* payable to Wellesley College Alumnae ley's annual hoop race would be the first to get married. Now Association to: they say the winner will be the first to become a C.E.O. Both Alumnae Office of those stereotypes show too little tolerance for those who Wellesley College want to know where the mermaids stand. So I want to offer Wellesley, MA 02181 you today a new legend: The winner of the hoop race will be the first to realize her dream not society's dream her own personal dream. And who knows? Somewhere out in this audience may even be someone who will one day fol- Please send videotape(s) of WELLESLEY low in my footsteps, and preside over the White House as COMMENCEMENT 1990 @ $25* per copy to: the president's spouse, and I wish him well! Well, the controversy ends here. But our conversation is NAME only beginning. And a worthwhile conversation it has been. ADDRESS So as you leave Wellesley today, take with you deep thanks for the courtesy and the honor you have shared with Mrs. Gorbachev and me. Thank you. God bless you. And may your future be worthy of your dreams. My check for $ Nannerl Keohane payable to Wellesley College Alumnae Association is enclosed. Continued from page 11 The world outside doesn't spend enough serious time *Mass residents please add $1.25 sales tax per copy. thinking about these things. In this way, you have done a service to millions of other women and men who are wres- as part of our college creed of service. Instead, the questions tling with these issues, by providing a "bully pulpit" for the are about whether society will allow young women to discussion of the most fundamental aspects of our lives. become whole persons, expressing our talents and ambitions Why should the choices for young women at age thirty and dreams individually, exploring, ranging widely, forming who want to combine career and marriage be so much relationships, defining ourselves, rather than being defined tougher than they are for equally talented and ambitious by stereotypes of gender or race or class. men? As Gloria Steinem put it at Wellesley's Commence- And so my second charge to you is this: continue to ment in 1988, "Why should 'having it all' for women inev- wrestle with such issues after you leave Wellesley. Do not itably mean 'doing it all?" think of them as part of your college years, to be left behind These are the crucial questions raised by our commence- as you move on. Insist that your friends and your colleagues ment controversy of 1990: not questions about disrespect at work, and above all your children, think about these to the First Lady, which was never in the mind of any questions too. Wellesley woman, nor underestimating the value of moth- And finally, another lesson of this spring was that society erhood and volunteering and nurturing, which we profess is indeed changing, even if slowly. One point that many of 1.3 Address at Notre Dame University the so. But it actually goes deeper than mere party; it goes down to some of the basic things that we in the greatest country in the world are trying to do for humanity. In doing it, in helping our- from selves make our own country better, we are doing the only thing we can possibly do to help the rest of the world. on You and I know that we have no intention of getting mixed up in the wars of the rest of the world. About the only thing that is left for us to do is to set an example for them, with the hope that That when they see the road we are traveling as a great Nation of 125 vern- million people, they will stop their local and their international the quarrels and squabbles, and take a leaf out of the notebook of the lems, United States. Na- I want to tell you all again how happy I am to have been here today. These have been wonderful gatherings, both the one of the per- farmers and this one where I see so many distinguished citizens of orgia this great city and great State. rying I love to come to Chicago. I have been here, as you know, many in times before, and I am coming back again very soon. my a hogs. 179 Address at Notre Dame University upon ago. Receiving an Honorary Degree. We December 9, 1935 cattle Cardinal Mundelein, President O'Hara, you, the members of the great the of Notre Dame family, of whom I am proud and happy to become a part today: lot of IN ACKNOWLEDGING the honor which, through the granting of imple this Degree, the University of Notre Dame confers upon me, I ghout wish first personally to thank your President, the Very Reverend the John F. O'Hara, and all the members of your faculty. And I can- will not, without feeling a little choke in my voice, thank my old life. friend, His Eminence, Cardinal Mundelein. party, I deeply appreciate the honor and the accompanying citation. think One in public life learns that personally he can never be worthy 493 Address at Notre Dame University of the honors that come to him as an official of the United States Th Government. But it is equally true that I am most happy to be so happy honored. The honor places upon me an additional obligation to respe try to live up to the citation, both for the sake of my country cifica) and, also, as a new alumnus of the University of Notre Dame. I own am especially happy to take part in this special convocation called cham to honor the new Commonwealth of the Philippines. And I am es- wealt pecially privileged to have heard that brilliant address of Mr. Ro- learn mulo, who so well represents his Commonwealth. Th It cannot seem so long because even I remember it; and yet it is or be almost forty years since the United States took over the sover- specif eignty of the Philippine Islands. The acceptance of sovereignty rights was but an obligation to serve the people of the Philippines until Phili] the day they might themselves be independent and take their own educ: place among the Nations of the world. Th We are here to welcome the Commonwealth. I consider it one Comi of the happiest events in my office as President of the United Thro States, to have signed in the name of the United States the in- ers ar strument which will give national freedom to the Philippine -its people. Fath The time is not given me to recite the history of these forty ous n years. That history reveals one of the most extraordinary exam- ties- ples of national cooperation, national adjustment and national cause independence the world has ever witnessed. It is a tribute to the dom genius of the Philippine people. Subject to the Government of a Lc country other than their own, they generously adjusted them- voice selves to conditions often not to their liking; they patiently Ame waited; they forfeited none of that essential freedom which is "F natively theirs as a people, a freedom which they have so definitely mani expressed with due regard for fundamental human rights in their victi new Constitution. equa We have a clear right also to congratulate ourselves as a people dicta because in the long run we have chosen the right course with In respect to the Philippine Islands. Through our power we have worl not sought more power. Through our power we have sought to guid benefit others. cept 494 Address at Notre Dame University United States That both Nations kept to the policy leading to this most appy to be so happy event is due to the fact that both Nations have the deepest obligation to respect for the inalienable rights of man. These rights were spe- my country cifically championed more than a century and a half ago in our otre Dame. I own Declaration of Independence. And again they have been cation called championed in the new Constitution of the Philippine Common- And I am es- wealth, a Constitution which I would like to have read and SS of Mr. Ro- learned in every school and college of the United States. There can be no true national life either within a Nation itself, ; and yet it is or between that Nation and other Nations, unless there be the er the sover- specific acknowledgment of, and the support of organic law to, the £ sovereignty rights of man. Supreme among those rights we, and now the ippines until Philippine Commonwealth, hold to be the rights of freedom of ke their own. education and freedom of religious worship. This university from which we send our welcome to the new nsider it one Commonwealth exemplifies the principles of which I speak. the United Through the history of this great Middle West - its first explor- States the in- ers and first missionaries - Joliet, Marquette, La Salle, Hennepin e Philippine - its lone eagle, Father Badin, who is buried here - its apostolic Father Sorin, founder of the University of Notre Dame - its zeal- f these forty ous missionaries of other faiths - its pioneers of varied nationali- linary exam- ties - all have contributed to the upbuilding of our country be- and national cause all have subscribed to those fundamental principles of free- ribute to the dom - freedom of education, freedom of worship. ernment of a Long ago, George Mason, in the Virginia Declaration of Rights, justed them- voiced what has become one of the deepest convictions of the ley patiently American people: om which is "Religion, or the duty which we owe to our Creator, and the so definitely manner of discharging it, can be directed only by reason and con- ights in their viction, not by force or violence; and therefore all men are equally entitled to the free exercise of religion according to the S as a people dictates of conscience." course with In the conflict of policies and of political systems which the wer we have world today witnesses, the United States has held forth for its own ve sought to guidance, and for the guidance of other Nations if they will ac- cept it, this great torch of liberty of human thought, liberty of 495 To State Superintendents of Education human conscience. We will never lower it. We will never permit, ent of S if we can help it, the light to grow dim. Rather through every our pro means legitimately within our power and our office, we will seek which 1 to increase that light, that its rays may extend the farther; that work h: its glory may be seen even from afar. relief. I Every vindication of the sanctity of these rights at home, every been m prayer that other Nations may accept them, is an indication of How how virile, how living, how permanent they are in the hearts of the use every true American. repair Of their own initiative, by their own appreciation, the people great n of the Philippine Commonwealth have now also championed the phy them before all the world. Through the favor of Divine Provi- to som dence may they be blessed as a people with prosperity. May they are on grow in grace through their own Constitution to the peace and to do. well-being of the whole world. - that Let me say, as I leave you, that I am happy to be here today, care of that I am proud of the great distinction which you have conferred I WC upon me, that I was more touched than anything else by the have d little word of the President of Notre Dame when he said that I emerg will be in your prayers. I appreciate that. I trust that I may be in men a your prayers. other actual 180 (Informal Extemporaneous Remarks to ing ad State Superintendents of Education at the White great Hel House. December 11, 1935 somet is why I AM glad you are meeting down here. I am not going to make out a a speech to you. All I can tell you is that I have been trying to Jus keep in touch with our educational problems. I got to know fourte the State problems of education very well during four years up keep in Albany. I do think that we accomplished a great deal, but I lars W know that we still have to go a long way. That applies not only An to New York but to every other State. We have only scratched Dr. S: the surface. "ente I had a very nice luncheon the other day with the Superintend- are e: 496 Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1960 Ч 174 believe: that the Government of the United States intends to do its full duty by every one of its citizens, but it shall never-in the words of Abraham Lincoln-do those things for the individual that he can do better for himself. Now I just have a simple request of you. If you believe in the basic principles these representatives of yours, congressional and senatorial, if you believe in those basic principles, then not merely do I ask you that you register and you vote—I know good Republicans will do that-I ask you to go out and work as you have never worked before. Because I tell you, this kind of policy, internally and externally, is the thing that will keep America strong, safe, and sure-for you and every single person that comes behind you. This is what I hope to do myself, so far as it is proper and the people who will meet within a few short weeks to take over the direction of cam- paigns-I am ready to do my part. And I tell you this, it will be an honor to be associated with such people as you are, as you do your part. Thank you and good night. NOTE: The President spoke at Bear sored by the Republican County Commit- Mountain Inn. The dinner was spon- tees of the 28th Congressional District of New York. 174 У Address "Beyond the Campus" Delivered at the Commencement Exercises of the University of Notre Dame. June 5, 1960 Father Hesburgh, Your Eminence, Your Excellencies, members of the Clergy, members of the Graduating Class and the Trustees, faculty and students, and friends of Notre Dame: I acknowledge with the deepest gratitude the receipt of the Honorary Doctorate of Notre Dame. And I am overwhelmed by the terminology of the Citation read to me. But I want to say to all of you that as I listened to what was said about Dr. Dooley, that I could not fail to believe that there are few if any men that I know who have equaled his exhibition of courage, self-sacrifice, faith in his God, and his readiness to serve his fellow men. 461 174 Public Papers of the Presidents At Commencement time in our country a generation ago, a well-known fourth C Englishman felt an urge to tell us something about ourselves. The theme of life, { he selected was, "Why don't young Americans care about politics?" tunities, He felt that the attitude of our young people toward civil government, Gove at all levels, was like that of "the audience at a play." progress My simple purpose today is to talk to you these next few minutes about the pro the compelling need for all Americans to interest themselves seriously in nation's machin. politics. There may be a plausible, if not necessarily a valid, explanation for fied onl the American's traditional indifference to politics. both bu Historically, the 19th Century in America was one of amazing growth. Only A wilderness needed conquering; vast resources had to be utilized; illiteracy as to the had to be eliminated; a great economic machine, reaching to every corner We ( of the world, had to be built. This unprecedented development com- which i manded extraordinary talents in our private enterprise system. To people We busy in productive life, government seemed not only remote but relatively upon S unimportant. The demand for real skills in political pursuits was minimal. underr Moreover, in that long period, a view developed that political life We was somewhat degrading-that politics was primarily a contest, with falsely, the spoils to the victor and the public paying the bill. This belief had vidual some justification at one period in our history, and may still persist in readin. local situations. We In these circumstances, some of our highly talented people have re- of the frained from offering themselves for public service-indeed, often to Lincol refuse to enter it. which But times have changed, and the change includes the character of Thi government. The first major platform drafted in 1840 by a political the ph party required only 500 words; in the last national election each major But party used over 15,000 words to deal with the highlights of the principal can b- issues. This thirtyfold growth in political platforms is illustrative of the that i increase of governmental influence over all our lives. every Th public The need for the best talent in positions of political responsibility is not conce only great, but mounts with each stroke of history's clock. To A few years ago, government represented only a small fraction of the sullie total national activity. Today, to support our national, state and local Th governments, and to finance our international undertakings, almost one- leade 462 Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1960 174 -known fourth of, the total national income is collected in taxes. In every please theme of life, government increasingly affects us-our environment, our oppor- tunities, our health, our education, our general welfare. inment, Government is, of course, necessary, but it is not the mainspring of progress. In the private sector of American life, commanding as it does about the productive efforts of our citizens, is found the true source of our ously in nation's vitality. Government is not of itself a part of our productive machinery. Consequently its size, its growth, its operations can be justi- for fied only by demonstrated need. If too dominant, if too large, its effect is both burdensome and stifling. growth. Only an informed and alert citizenry can make the necessary judgments lliteracy as to the character and degree of that need. corner We do not want a government with a philosophy of incessant meddling, com- which imposes a smothering mist on the sparks of initiative. people We do not want a government that permits every noisy group to force elatively upon society an endless string of higher subsidies that solve nothing and ninimal. undermine the collective good of the nation. life We do not want governmental programs which, advanced, often with falsely, in the guise of promoting the general welfare destroy in the indi- had vidual those priceless qualities of self-dependence, self-confidence, and a ersist in readiness to risk his judgment against the trends of the crowd. We do want a government that assures the security and general welfare have re- of the nation and its people in concord with the philosophy of Abraham often to Lincoln, who insisted that government should do, and do only, the things which people cannot well do for themselves. acter of This concept is particularly relevant to most activities encompassed by political the phrase "the general welfare." major But even with devotion to the principle that governmental functions principal can be justified only by public need, government has become so pervasive of the that its decisions inescapably help shape the future of every individual, every group, every region, every institution. Though we recognize this vast change-and though most persons in public office are selfless, devoted people--we are still plagued by yesterday's is not concept of politics and politicians. Too many of our ablest citizens draw back, evidently fearful of being n of the sullied in the broiling activity of partisan affairs. and local This must change. We need intelligent, creative, steady political nost one- leadership as at no time before in our history. There must be more talent 4⁶₃ 174 Public Papers of the Presidents in rovernment-the best our nation affords. We need it in county, city, minimize state-and in Washington. service. to be a I service d Human progress in freedom is not merely something inscribed upon a tablet-not a matter to be shrugged off as a worry for others. Progress productiv Althou in freedom demands from each citizen a daily exercise of the will and a conditi the spirit-a fierce faith; it must not be stagnated by a philosophy of unendur: collectivity that seeks personal security as a prime objective. loss of tal Clearly, you-you graduates who enjoy the blessings of higher educa- We ou tion have a special responsibility to exercise leadership in helping others understand these problems. a public And, by no means, does your responsibility stop there. To serve the must obv nation well you must, for example, help seek out able candidates for office variably, and persuade them to offer themselves to the electorate. To be most over a lif effective you should become active in a political party, and in civic and to be det. professional organizations. You should undertake, according to your move an own intelligently formed convictions, a personal crusade to help the decisions political life of the nation soar as high as human wisdom can make it. whether need to Now some of you will become doctors, lawyers, teachers, clergymen, businessmen. Each of you will contribute to the national welfare, as well often prc much to as to personal and family welfare, by doing well and-honorably whatever you undertake. But a specialist, regardless of professional skill and stand- ing, cannot fulfill the exacting requirements of modern citizenship unless But let he dedicates himself also to raising the political standards of the body ing Amei politic. edge and Now I hope that some of you will enter the public service, either in For here elective, career, or appointive office. Most of the top posts in govern- society. ment involve manifold questions of policy. In these positions we have a Leader special need for intelligent, educated, selfless persons from all walks of life. influence I believe that each of you should, if called, be willing to devote one foreign a block of your life to government service. operation This does not mean that you need become permanently implanted in They ] government. Quite the contrary. In policy-forming positions we con- taken by stantly need expert knowledge and fresh points of view. Some frequency need to : of withdrawal and return to private life would help eliminate the danger- trinaire S ous concept that permanence in office is more important than the rightness Thus of decision. Contrariwise, such a tour should not be so brief as to their COI understa. 464 Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1960 174 county, city, minimize the value of the contribution and diminish the quality of public service. Normally, a four-year period in these policy posts would seem to be a minimum. Most leaders from private life who enter the public service do so at a substantial sacrifice in the earning power of their upon productive years. Progress Although these personal sacrifices are, by most individuals, accepted as the will and a condition of service, yet when these sacrifices become so great as to be hilosophy of unendurable from the family standpoint, we find another cause for the loss of talent in government. igher educa- We ought not to make it inordinately difficult for a man to undertake others a public post and then to return to his own vocation. In government one must obviously have no selfish end to serve, but citizens should not, in- To serve the variably, be required to divest themselves of investments accumulated for office over a lifetime in order to qualify for public office. The basic question To be most to be determined in each case is this-is such divestment necessary to re- in civic and move any likelihood that the probity and objectivity of his governmental to your decisions will be affected? And this question is proper and ethical to help the whether the individual holds either elective or appointive office. We make it. need to review carefully the conflict-of-interest restrictions which have clergymen, often prohibited the entry into government of men and women who had as well much to offer their country. whatever and stand- unless But let me return to the more broadly-based consideration: that think- of the body ing Americans in all walks of life must constantly add to their own knowl- edge and help build a more enlightened electorate and public opinion. either in For herein lies the success of all government policy and action in a free in govern- society. we have a Leaders in America-and this comprehends all who have a capacity to walks of life. influence others-must develop a keen understanding of current issues, devote one foreign and domestic-and of political party organization, platform, and operations. mplanted in They must have critical judgments regarding actions being proposed or we con- taken by legislatures and executives at all levels of government. They frequency need to be knowledgeable SO as not to be misled by catchwords or doc- the danger- trinaire slogans. the rightness Thus they can analyze objectively how such actions may affect them, brief as to their communities, and their country-and help others to a similar understanding. 465 174 Public Papers of the Presidents Our socio Political understanding, widely fostered, will compel government to We must develop national and international programs truly for the general good, leaders-wi and to refrain from doing those things that unduly favor special groups or free govern impinge upon the citizen's own responsibility, self-dependence, and or private opportunities. atheistic SO( are the subs Graduates of the Class of 1960: a half century ago, when I was about must be rea to enter West Point-and, incidentally, to meet shortly thereafter and to will be a g know that gridiron genius, Knute Rockne-our country was in what now ever pose; } seems to have been a different era. The annual Federal budget was cally perfor below seven hundred million dollars. Today it has increased more than standards 0 one hundredfold, and organized groups demand more and more services, these opport both expensive and expansive. At the turn of the century there was a and especia certain grace, calmness, and courtliness about human deportment and the educational movement of events. My hear Now we operate on a relentless timetable which we must race to keep members of events from overwhelming us. ship which Complicating the lives of all of us today we know that in the dimly-lit trials and t} regions behind the Iron Curtain, eight hundred million people are denied Thank yc the uncountable blessings of progress in freedom, and compelled by their NOTE: The P masters to develop vast means of destructive power. Elsewhere, among on a platfo the underdeveloped countries of the world, a billion people look to O'Shaughness "Father Hesb America as a beacon that confidently lights the path to human progress ferred to the in freedom. Hesburgh, Pr Notre Dame This is no time to whimper, complain, or fret about helping other peoples, if we really intend that freedom shall emerge triumphant over tyranny. The enemies of human dignity lurk in a thousand places-in govern- 175 Ч ments that have become spiritual wastelands, and in leaders that brandish Presider angry epithets, slogans, and satellites. But equally certain it is that free- Disaster dom is imperiled where peoples, worshipping material success, have become emptied of idealism. Peace with justice cannot be attained by Dear Mr. P peoples where opulence has dulled the spirit-where indifference ignores I am dee moral and political responsibility. undergone following P Too often there is, in politics as in religion, a familiar pattern of the "The pe few willing workers and the large number of passive observers. struck the 60295- 466 Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1960 175 Our society can no longer tolerate such delinquency. ment to We must insist that our educated young men and women-our future al good, leaders-willingly, joyously play a pivotal part in the endless adventure of roups or free government. The vital issues of freedom or regimentation, public ce, and or private control of productive resources, a religiously-inspired or an atheistic society, a healthy economy or depression, peace or war-these are the substance of political decisions and actions that you young people as about must be ready to participate in. Neglect by citizens of civic responsibilities r and to will be a greater danger to a free America than any foreign threat can hat now ever pose; but an enlightened, dedicated people, studiously and energeti- lget was cally performing their political duties will insure us a future of ever-rising ore than standards of spiritual, cultural and material strength. These duties and services, these opportunities must demand the dedicated attention of all the people, e was a and especially all who have so profoundly benefited from our vast and the educational system. My heartiest congratulations on this splendid preparation that the to keep members of this Graduating Class have received for exercising the leader- ship which this great Republic must have as it faces the problems, the dimly-lit trials and the bright opportunities of the future. e denied Thank you-and may God bless you. by their NOTE: The President spoke at 2:05 p.m. Cardinal Montini, Archbishop of Milan. among on a platform erected in front of He later referred to Dr. Thomas A. O'Shaughnessy Hall. His opening words Dooley, cofounder of the Medico organi- look to "Father Hesburgh, Your Eminence" re- zation in northern Laos. progress ferred to the Reverend Theodore M. The citation accompanying the hon- Hesburgh, President of the University of orary degree called the President "the Notre Dame, and Giovanni Battista most eminent and most popular states- g other man of his time." nt over 175 I Exchange of Messages Between the govern- orandish President and President Alessandri Concerning the hat free- Disaster in Chile. June 8, 1960 is, have lined by Dear Mr. President: ignores I am deeply distressed at the indications of hardship and suffering being undergone now by the people of your nation and have just issued the following public statement: 1 of the "The people of the United States are appalled at the disaster that has struck the friendly, hard-working people of Chile. Earthquakes, tidal 60295-61-33 467 May 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1977 I have got to go. I have enjoyed talk- for the principles for which UNICEF ing to you. I wish I had more time. I sitting on the stands. appreciate your coming. Charles Kirbo The very important participation and active support of the members of in to court for NOTE: The interview began at 1 p.m. in the Cabinet Room at the White House. UNICEF is of particular interest to me asked him how The transcript of the interview was made in that your organization is dedicated to the bed was on available by the White House Press Office on the basic human right of all people to be I think m May 21. It was not issued in the form of a White House press release. free of poverty and hunger and disease. statement and The special emphasis you place on meet- ing the human needs of children, the But there are future leaders of the world, makes your few minutes. United Nations Children's Fund efforts even that much more essential to In his 25 the goal of seeking human freedom and spoken more C Message Delivered to the Annual Meeting dignity for all mankind. of UNICEF's Executive Board. of human bein May 21, 1977 JIMMY CARTER Dame Center NOTE: The message was delivered by Peter G. important role This is to convey, on behalf of the Bourne, Special Assistant to the President for there last fall- people of the United States, my support Health Issues, at UNICEF's meeting in Manila, the Philippines, on May 23. shown by last foreign policy And that fashion by the UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME and Stephen ( for human fre Address at Commencement Exercises at the University. May 22, 1977 religious leade I'm honored t To Father Hesburgh and the great faculty of Notre Dame, to those sacrifice, and who have been honored this afternoon with the degree from your great Quite oft university, to the graduate and undergraduate group who, I understand, ished, sometim is the largest in the history of this great institution, friends and parents: human rights Thank you for that welcome. I'm very glad to be with you. You may circumstance have started a new graduation trend which I don't deplore, that is, long time. An throwing peanuts on graduation day. [Laughter] The more that are used and are increa or consumed the higher the price goes. [Laughter] Last weel I really did appreciate the great honor bestowed upon me this after- Nation: to pro noon. My other degree is blue and gold from the Navy, and I want to strate-agains let you know that I do feel a kinship with those who are assembled here both competer this afternoon. I was a little taken aback by the comment that I had But I war brought a new accent to the White House. In the minds of many people actions overse in [Laughter] our country, for the first time in almost 150 years, there is no accent. have a foreign values, and th I tried to think of a story that would illustrate two points simul- purposes. We taneously and also be brief, which is kind of a difficult assignment. I was both support 954 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1977 May 22 which UNICEF sitting on the Truman Balcony the other night with my good friend, Charles Kirbo, who told me about a man who was arrested and taken participation and he members of in to court for being drunk and for setting a bed on fire. When the judge ar interest to me asked him how he pled, he said, "not guilty." He said, "I was drunk but n is dedicated to the bed was on fire when I got in it." [Laughter] ,f all people to be I think most of the graduates can draw the parallel between that ager and disease. statement and what you are approaching after this graduation exercise. u place on meet- of children, the But there are two points to that, and I'll come to the other one in just a orld, makes your few minutes. more essential to In his 25 years as president of Notre Dame, Father Hesburgh has an freedom and spoken more consistently and more effectively in the support of the rights of human beings than any other person I know. His interest in the Notre IMMY CARTER Dame Center for Civil Rights has never wavered. And he played an livered by Peter G. important role in broadening the scope of the center's work-and I visited the President for meeting in Manila, there last fall-to see this work include, now, all people in the world, as shown by last month's conference here on human rights and American foreign policy. And that concern has been demonstrated again today in a vivid fashion by the selection of Bishop Donal Lamont, Paul Cardinal Arns, 1E and Stephen Cardinal Kim to receive honorary degress. In their fight for human freedoms in Rhodesia, Brazil, and South Korea, these three 22, 1977 religious leaders typify all that is best in their countries and in our church. I'm honored to join you in recognizing their dedication, their personal ime, to those sacrifice, and their supreme courage. m your great Quite often, brave men like these are castigated and sometimes pun- I understand, ished, sometimes even put to death, because they enter the realm where and parents: human rights is a struggle. And sometimes they are blamed for the very. you. You may circumstance which they helped to dramatize, but it's been there for a olore, that is, long time. And the flames which they seek to extinguish concern us all that are used and are increasingly visible around the world. Last week, I spoke in California about the domestic agenda for our me this after- Nation: to provide more efficiently for the needs of our people, to demon- and I want to strate-against the dark faith of our times-that our Government can be ssembled here both competent and more humane. it that I had But I want to speak to you today about the strands that connect our many people actions overseas with our essential character as a nation. I believe we can is no accent. have a foreign policy that is democratic, that is based on fundamental values, and that uses power and influence, which we have, for humane points simul- purposes. We can also have a foreign policy that the American people nment. I was both support and, for a change, know about and understand. 955 May 22 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1977 I have a quiet confidence in our own political system. Because we Union has be know that democracy works, we can reject the arguments of those rulers more extensi- who deny human rights to their people. The Vie We are confident that democracy's example will be compelling, and worldwide fai so we seek to bring that example closer to those from whom in the past dence made few years we have been separated and who are not yet convinced about leaders. the advantages of our kind of life. In less th We are confident that the democratic methods are the most effective, The daily live and so we are not tempted to employ improper tactics here at home or formed. Color abroad. exists in almo We are confident of our own strength, so we can seek substantial eration. Know mutual reductions in the nuclear arms race. As more peop And we are confident of the good sense of American people, and so been determir we let them share in the process of making foreign policy decisions. We The WO1 can thus speak with the voices of 215 million, and not just of an isolated handful. regional confl differences of Democracy's great recent successes-in India, Portugal, Spain, combat the m Greece-show that our confidence in this system is not misplaced. Being tional issues 0 confident of our own future, we are now free of that inordinate fear of equity, and h communism which once led us to embrace any dictator who joined us in It is a I that fear. I'm glad that that's being changed. world, and W For too many years, we've been willing to adopt the flawed and a new Americ erroneous principles and tactics of our adversaries, sometimes abandon- values and on ing our own values for theirs. We've fought fire with fire, never thinking We can 1 that fire is better quenched with water. This approach failed, with Viet- the foundatio, nam the best example of its intellectual and moral poverty. But through failure we have now found our way back to our own principles and of a politically We can ] values, and we have regained our lost confidence. dictates of the By the measure of history, our Nation's 200 years are very brief, to inspire, to p. and our rise to world eminence is briefer still. It dates from 1945, when Our poli Europe and the old international order lay in ruins. Before then, America than simple Sl was largely on the periphery of world affairs. But since then, we have ines- mental spiritu capably been at the center of world affairs. system that wi Our policy during this period was guided by two principles: a belief We cann that Soviet expansion was almost inevitable but that it must be contained, must be open and the corresponding belief in the importance of an almost exclusive involvement, 1 alliance among non-Communist nations. on both sides of the Atlantic. I've tried That system could not last forever unchanged. Historical trends have last January. weakened its foundation. The unifying threat of conflict with the Soviet we intend to 956 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1977 May 22 1. Because we Union has become less intensive, even though the competition has become of those rulers more extensive. The Vietnamese war produced a profound moral crisis, sapping mpelling, and worldwide faith in our own policy and our system of life, a crisis of confi- m in the past dence made even more grave by the covert pessimism of some of our ivinced about leaders. In less than a generation, we've seen the world change dramatically. most effective, The daily lives and aspirations of most human beings have been trans- re at home or formed. Colonialism is nearly gone. A new sense of national identity now exists in almost 100 new countries that have been formed in the last gen- ek substantial eration. Knowledge has become more widespread. Aspirations are higher. As more people have been freed from traditional constraints, more have people, and so been determined to achieve, for the first time in their lives, social justice. decisions. We The world is still divided by ideological disputes, dominated by of an isolated regional conflicts, and threatened by danger that we will not resolve the differences of race and wealth without violence or without drawing into tugal, Spain, combat the major military powers. We can no longer separate the tradi- placed. Being tional issues of war and peace from the new global questions of justice, dinate fear of equity, and human rights. 10 joined us in It is a new world, but America should not fear it. It is a new world, and we should help to shape it. It is a new world that calls for e flawed and a new American foreign policy-a policy based on constant decency in its mes abandon- values and on optimism in our historical vision. lever thinking We can no longer have a policy solely for the industrial nations as ed, with Viet- the foundation of global stability, but we must respond to the new reality But through of a politically awakening world. principles and We can no longer expect that the other 150 nations will follow the dictates of the powerful, but we must continue-confidently-our efforts re very brief, to inspire, to persuade, and to lead. m 1945, when Our policy must reflect our belief that the world can hope for more then, America than simple survival and our belief that dignity and freedom are funda- we have ines- mental spiritual requirements. Our policy must shape an international system that will last longer than secret deals. ciples: a belief We cannot make this kind of policy by manipulation. Our policy be contained, must be open; it must be candid; it must be one of constructive global nost exclusive involvement, resting on five cardinal principles. the Atlantic. I've tried to make these premises clear to the American people since 1 trends have last January. Let me review what we have been doing and discuss what ith the Soviet we intend to do. 957 May 22 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1977 First, we have reaffirmed America's commitment to human rights pared constru as a fundamental tenet of our foreign policy. In ancestry, religion, color, South proble: place of origin, and cultural background, we Americans are as diverse a agreed on joir nation as the world has even seen. No common mystique of blood or soil You ma unites us. What draws us together, perhaps more than anything else, is a the first time belief in human freedom. We want the world to know that our Nation more import: stands for more than financial prosperity. of the democr This does not mean that we can conduct our foreign policy by rigid our democra moral maxims. We live in a world that is imperfect and which will always cooperation. be imperfect-a world that is complex and confused and which will al- Third, W ways be complex and confused. halt the strat I understand fully the limits of moral suasion. We have no illusion deplorable. и that changes will come easily or soon. But I also believe that it is a mistake I know i to undervalue the power of words and of the ideas that words embody. In to both sides, our own history, that power has ranged from Thomas Paine's "Common desire a freeze Sense" to Martin Luther King, Jr.'s "I Have a Dream." In the life of the human spirit, words are action, much more so than a continuing, We want a COI many of us may realize who live in countries where freedom of expression all chemical is taken for granted. The leaders of totalitarian nations understand this arms limitatic very well. The proof is that words are precisely the action for which dis- sidents in those countries are being persecuted. We hope Nonetheless, we can already see dramatic, worldwide advances in agreement eli death. We wil the protection of the individual from the arbitrary power of the state. For us to ignore this trend would be to lose influence and moral authority Now, I } in the world. To lead it will be to regain the moral stature that we once progress towa had. our own two ( The great democracies are not free because we are strong and pros- one country ( perous. I believe we are strong and influential and prosperous because we through direc are free. military force, Throughout the world today, in free nations and in totalitarian Cooperat countries as well, there is a preoccupation with the subject of human will join with freedom, human rights. And I believe it is incumbent on us in this coun- developing W( try to keep that discussion, that debate, that contention alive. No other mutual confid country is as well-qualified as we to set an example. We have our own Fourth, shortcomings and faults, and we should strive constantly and with cour- lasting peace with leaders age to make sure that we are legitimately proud of what we have. Second, we've moved deliberately to reinforce the bonds among our Egypt-we h: democracies. In our recent meetings in London, we agreed to widen our toward conser economic cooperation, to promote free trade, to strengthen the world's Through flexible frame monetary system, to seek ways of avoiding nuclear proliferation. We pre- far been so in 958 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1977 May 22 human rights pared constructive proposals for the forthcoming meetings on North- ligion, color, South problems of poverty, development, and global well-being. And we as diverse a agreed on joint efforts to reinforce and to modernize our common defense. blood or soil You may be interested in knowing that at this NATO meeting, for ing else, is a the first time in more than 25 years, all members are democracies. Even t our Nation more important, all of us reaffirmed our basic optimism in the future of the democratic system. Our spirit of confidence is spreading. Together, plicy by rigid our democracies can help to shape the wider architecture of global h will always cooperation. /hich will al- Third, we've moved to engage the Soviet Union in a joint effort to halt the strategic arms race. This race is not only dangerous, it's morally e no illusion deplorable. We must put an end to it. t is a mistake I know it will not be easy to reach agreements. Our goal is to be fair S embody. In to both sides, to produce reciprocal stability, parity, and security. We 's "Common desire a freeze on further modernization and production of weapons and a continuing, substantial reduction of strategic nuclear weapons as well. more so than We want a comprehensive ban on all nuclear testing, a prohibition against of expression all chemical warfare, no attack capability against space satellites, and derstand this arms limitations in the Indian Ocean. or which dis- We hope that we can take joint steps with all nations toward a final agreement eliminating nuclear weapons completely from our arsenals of advances in death. We will persist in this effort. of the state. Now, I believe in détente with the Soviet Union. To me it means ral authority progress toward peace. But the effects of détente should not be limited to that we once our own two countries alone. We hope to persuade the Soviet Union that one country cannot impose its system of society upon another, either ng and pros- through direct military intervention or through the use of a client state's IS because we military force, as was the case with Cuban intervention in Angola. Cooperation also implies obligation. We hope that the Soviet Union totalitarian will join with us and other nations in playing a larger role in aiding the ct of human developing world, for common aid efforts will help us build a bridge of in this coun- mutual confidence in one another. ve. No other Fourth, we are taking deliberate steps to improve the chances of ave our own lasting peace in the Middle East. Through wide-ranging consultation id with cour- with leaders of the countries involved-Israel, Syria, Jordan, and ave. Egypt-we have found some areas of agreement and some movement is among our toward consensus. The negotiations must continue. to widen our Through my own public comments, I've also tried to suggest a more 1 the world's flexible framework for the discussion of the three key issues which have so ion. We pre- far been so intractable: the nature of a comprehensive peace-what is 959 May 22 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1977 peace; what does it mean to the Israelis; what does it mean to their Arab We will neighbors; secondly, the relationship between security and borders- in Latin Amei how can the dispute over border delineations be established and settled eration in a CO with a feeling of security on both sides; and the issue of the Palestinian More tha homeland. could not exist The historic friendship that the United States has with Israel is not dependent on domestic politics in either nation; it's derived from our long exist one- Most nat common respect for human freedom and from a common search for per- equitable trad manent peace. selves. But the We will continue to promote a settlement which all of us need. Our pression are he own policy will not be affected by changes in leadership in any of the The Wes countries in the Middle East. Therefore, we expect Israel and her neigh- Communist CC bors to continue to be bound by United Nations Resolutions 242 and 338, tutions in pro which they have previously accepted. to war. This may be the most propitious time for a genuine settlement since We have the beginning of the Arab-Israeli conflict almost 30 years ago. To let this nations in this opportunity pass could mean disaster not only for the Middle East but, need another perhaps, for the international political and economic order as well. our links with And fifth, we are attempting, even at the risk of some friction with rest of the WO our friends, to reduce the danger of nuclear proliferation and the world- wide mosaic of wide spread of conventional weapons. It's impo1 At the recent summit, we set in motion an international effort to with the Peopl determine the best ways of harnessing nuclear energy for peaceful use relationship as while reducing the risks that its products will be diverted to the making force for glob of explosives. Chinese people We've already completed a comprehensive review of our own policy to find a forr on arms transfers. Competition in arms sales is inimical to peace and separate us. destructive of the economic development of the poorer countries. Finally, lo We will, as a matter of national policy now in our country, seek to of the crisis in reduce the annual dollar volume of arms sales, to restrict the transfer of majority rule advanced weapons, and to reduce the extent of our coproduction ar- democratic sys rangements about weapons with foreign states. And just as important, To be p is determined we are trying to get other nations, both free and otherwise, to join us in concerned Afr this effort. But all of this that I've described is just the beginning. It's a begin- for the rapid a ning aimed towards a clear goal: to create a wider framework of interna- and to help pr Let me CO tional cooperation suited to the new and rapidly changing historical cal vision of A circumstances. global change 960 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1977. May 22 to their Arab We will cooperate more closely with the newly influential countries nd borders- in Latin America, Africa, and Asia. We need their friendship and coop- d and settled eration in a common effort as the structure of world power changes. e Palestinian More than 100 years ago, Abraham Lincoln said that our Nation could not exist half slave and half free. We know a peaceful world cannot 1 Israel is not long exist one-third rich and two-thirds hungry. ved from our Most nations share our faith that, in the long run, expanded and carch for per- equitable trade will best help the developing countries to help them- selves. But the immediate problems of hunger, disease, illiteracy, and re- us need. Our pression are here now. in any of the The Western democracies, the OPEC nations, and the developed nd her neigh- Communist countries can cooperate through existing international insti- 242 and 338, tutions in providing more effective aid. This is an excellent alternative to war. tlement since We have a special need for cooperation and consultation with other go. To let this nations in this hemisphere-to the north and to the south. We do not dle East but, need another slogan. Although these are our close friends and neighbors, as well. our links with them are the same links of equality that we forge for the friction with rest of the world. We will be dealing with them as part of a new, world- nd the world- wide mosaic of global, regional, and bilateral relations. It's important that we make progress toward normalizing relations onal effort to with the People's Republic of China. We see the American and Chinese peaceful use relationship as a central element of our global policy and China as a key o the making force for global peace. We wish to cooperate closely with the creative Chinese people on the problems that confront all mankind. And we hope Jr own policy to find a formula which can bridge some of the difficulties that still to peace and separate us. intries. Finally, let me say that we are committed to a peaceful resolution intry, seek to of the crisis in southern Africa. The time has come for the principle of he transfer of majority rule to be the basis for political order, recognizing that in a roduction ar- democratic system the rights of the minority must also be protected. To be peaceful, change must come promptly. The United States as important, is determined to work together with our European allies and with the , to join us in concerned African States to shape a congenial international framework for the rapid and progressive transformation of southern African society It's a begin- and to help protect it from unwarranted outside interference. rk of interna- Let me conclude by summarizing: Our policy is based on an histori- ng historical cal vision of America's role. Our policy is derived from a larger view of global change. Our policy is rooted in our moral values, which never 961 May 22 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1977 change. Our policy is reinforced by our material wealth and by our mili- It's $5 billion tary power. Our policy is designed to serve mankind. And it is a policy billion in the e. that I hope will make you proud to be Americans. So, it's a tremen Thank you. who need it m pleasure that I NOTE: The President spoke at 3:25 p.m. at the University of Notre Dame Athletic law. and Convocation Center after being introduced by Rev. Theodore Hesburgh, president [At this point, the of the university. Prior to his remarks, the President was presented with an honorary into law.] doctor of laws degree by Father Hesburgh. I'd like to COI chairmen. You'v you very much. One of the m Member of Con Tax and Drought Relief Bills of it to families that make less than be able to reduc Remarks on Signing H.R. 3477 and S. 1279 $15,000 a year. time, to get our Into Law. May 23, 1977 Also, it greatly simplifies the procedure and, also, to sim: for computing income taxes. About 95 codes. And to h THE PRESIDENT. Again, I apologize for percent of the American people next year, same bill is a nc sitting down in the presence of my dis- as they file their 1977 tax return, will be I'm very deeply tinguished peers. I just have to assume able to use a simplified version with a having helped in this position to do the signing. standard deduction and one very simple Last week, I V. The first bill that I'd like to discuss computation. able to go on or and sign is House Resolution 3477, which We are very proud of the fact, too, that witness at firsth is designed and which has been success- this bill does extend the earned-income quences of the fully passed by the Congress to greatly tax credits that were initiated by Sena- have experienced simplify the income tax codes of our Na- tor Long. They worked very well. They're months, the wor tion, to provide greater equity and, also, an instigation for the lower-income groups 40 years. The P substantially to reduce taxes among our to seek and to find employment, and they tion of this prob! people. We have seen many Members of reward hard work at the low-income levels are droppi- the Congress work long hours on this very levels when the salaries might be too low country. Streams fine legislation, and I think to a substan- to finance the needs of the low-income voirs which I exa tial degree, the local and State officials families. would be full and have been involved in this process. This bill also includes countercyclical to a 25-percent 1. This legislation will provide $5 billion help for low- and middle-income families, in many regions C in direct tax reduction to the American but particularly through direct grants to dinarily are cove taxpayers to be implemented immedi- the local and State governments. packed snow, are ately, perhaps as early as June, in with- And this is a bill that's designed to con- we feel that in holding taxes. tinue our tax simplification, equity, and drought condition And for the average family of four that to stimulate our economy in a way that is worse. productive. Through the makes $10,000 a year, this will be a per- I'm very pleased at the good work that Quentin Burdick manent tax reduction of 30 percent, Chairman Ullman in the House and author of this bil which is of very great benefit to the Amer- Chairman Long in the Senate have done. ican average family. Most of the benefits the House, we've in this tax reduction will go to lower- and And many of the Members of Congress ing the Congress on my left played an instrumental role middle-income families; about 80 percent ate bill 1279 W in bringing forward this good legislation. relief. This is a bi 962 March 14 March 17 Gerald R. Ford, 1975 [137] wait for the Con- programs. Consistent with this goal, this legislation provides for gradually in- ating over thin ice creasing the responsibility of the States in the general aviation program. With many States using new general aviation facilities to stimulate community de- velopment, this is an appropriate step at this time. and the Congress The legislation I am proposing today also includes a separate measure to ou are here. And adjust the revenues accruing to the Airport and Airway Trust Fund. These adjustments are designed to generate financial contributions from the users from you." And I of the aviation system which more equitably match the system benefits they re- ceive. In this connection, I am requesting that user revenues also finance the direct costs of maintaining air navigation facilities. I commend the Congress for initiating hearings on this important problem and for its prompt attention to the extension of the airport and airway develop- ment program. I have asked Secretary Coleman to work closely with the Con- rt and gress to insure speedy enactment of the aviation program I have proposed to meet the challenges of a growing America. 5 GERALD R. FORD The White House, March 17, 1975. ninistration would d airway develop- nbers of the Con- 137 thers, I am today Address at a University of Notre Dame Convocation. 1 efficiency of the March 17, 1975 ill extend for five vide funding au- Father Hesburgh, Governor Bowen, my former good friends and colleagues in the Congress, Senator Birch Bayh and Senator Hartke, Congressman John an and to manage Brademas, distinguished public officials, honored faculty, members of the stu- h multi-year, pre- dent body, and distinguished guests-and I add our new Attorney General: funds directly to It is really a great privilege and a very high honor for me to have the oppor- upled with other tunity of being in South Bend on the University of Notre Dame campus, but Federal assistance, I am especially grateful for the honor that has been accorded me this morning. prity airport needs I really cannot express adequately my gratitude being made a member of the Notre Dame family. I thank you very much. posing removal of governments from I would be most remiss if I did not also express as strongly and as sincerely as I can the gratitude that all of us have in the Government for the contributions rtnerships among that have been made, not only in the program described by Father Hesburgh national domestic but by his many other contributions. I say to you, Father Hesburgh, thank you from the bottom of our hearts. 353 [137] Public Papers of the Presidents March 17 March 17 This has been a most exciting morning. As we were getting off the plane at tinues to be F the county airport, a rather amazing thing happened. Somebody asked me how no apology fc to get to the campus of the University of Notre Dame. What made it so amaz- greatness spe resolve our ( ing-it was Father Hesburgh. [Laughter] world. I especially want to thank Father Hesburgh for all he has done to make me Let me sha and my party most welcome here today, and particularly for granting amnesty math of Wor: to the classes this morning. It is also a rare opportunity for me to be at Notre Dame, the home of the America real: to the well-b' Fighting Irish, on, of all days, St. Patrick's Day. I tried to dress appropriately, and honestly, I have a green tie on. Let's face it, this is one day we can all be others with e ican inventio part of the greening of America. As your next-door neighbor from Michigan, I have always been impressed by Today, as ernment duri the outstanding record of the students of the University of Notre Dame. You have always been leaders in academic achievement, in social concerns, in sports not perfect, \ prowess, and now once again, you are blazing new paths in the developments vious quarter of new concepts in mass transportation. Some communities have the monorail; Major natior There has be some have the subway; Notre Dame has the quickie. [Laughter] The Fighting Irish of Notre Dame have become a symbol of the tenacity and as well as ab determination of the American people. But Notre Dame believes not only in change, for g The Marsh might on the football field or on the basketball court but in a spiritual response to humanity's struggles for a decent life. Europe. Eve War II and I have been told that many of you chose to go without a normal meal, eating only a bowl of rice, to save money to help feed the world's hungry. It is heart- precedents ar In the sam warming to know that students are concerned about others abroad at a time when many here at home are finding it difficult to afford an education or to get Point 4, an a job. Although life is hard for many Americans, I am proud that we continue developing r hitherto una to share with others. And that, in my opinion, is the measure of genuine com- The Food passion. And I congratulate you. to assist oth I am especially proud to be on a campus that looks up to God and out to humanity at a time when some are tempted to turn inward and turn away from fifties, we CI selves. In 19 the problems of the world. Notre Dame's great spokesman, Father Hesburgh, is known in Washington as a nonconformist. I must admit that I do not share ment to cons all of the Father's views. But he is following one nonconformist viewpoint to were carryin which I fully subscribe, and I quote: "Be not conformed to this world: but be ye Programs transformed by the renewing of your mind, that ye may prove what is that good, America's g: and acceptable, and perfect, will of God." also part of To conform to apathy and pessimism is to drop out and to cop out. In that peace. It is n- sense, I fully reject conformity. In that sense, I am a nonconformist who con- by the probl 354 March 17 March 17 Gerald R. Ford, 1975 [137] ff the plane at tinues to be proud of America's partnership with other nations and who makes asked me how no apology for the United States of America. America's goodness and America's de it so amaz- greatness speak for themselves. I believe in this Nation and in our capacity to resolve our difficulties at home without turning our back on the rest of the he to make me world. nting amnesty Let me share a personal experience. I was elected to the Congress in the after- math of World War II. A nonpartisan foreign policy was emerging at that time. e home of the America realized that politics must stop at the water's edge. Our fate was linked appropriately, to the well-being of other free nations. We became the first nation to provide we can all be others with economic assistance as a national policy. Foreign aid was an Amer- ican invention or an American project of which we can be justifiably proud. n impressed by Today, as I look back, I am grateful for the opportunity to serve in our Gov- tre Dame. You ernment during the third quarter of the 20th century. These past 25 years, while cerns, in sports not perfect, were incomparably better for humanity than either of the two pre- : developments vious quarters of this century. There was no world war nor global depression. : the monorail; Major nations achieved détente. Many new nations obtained independence. There has been an explosion of hope, freedom, and human progress at home he tenacity and as well as abroad. America's role, considered in fair context, was a catalyst for ves not only in change, for growth, and for betterment. iritual response The Marshall Plan, unprecedented in world history, restored a war-ravaged Europe. Even earlier, U.S. relief and rehabilitation activities during World al meal, eating War II and assistance to Greece and to Turkey after the war had provided gry. It is heart- precedents and experience in America's overseas assistance. road at a time In the same year that I came to Congress, 1949, President Truman advanced cation or to get Point 4, an innovative, remarkable concept providing technical assistance to at we continue developing nations. It brought new American ideas and technology to people £ genuine com- hitherto unable to benefit from advances in health, agriculture, and education. The Food for Peace Act, designed to use America's agricultural abundance God and out to to assist others, was a product of the Eisenhower administration. In the late turn away from fifties, we created the Development Loan program to help others help them- ther Hesburgh, selves. In 1961, the Congress established the Agency for International Develop- it I do not share ment to consolidate and to administer the various activities and agencies that ist viewpoint to were carrying out the will of the Congress and the President at that time. world: but be ye Programs to help people in the developing countries are an expression of hat is that good, America's great compassion, and we should be proud of them. But such aid is also part of the continuing effort to achieve an enduring structure of world cop out. In that peace. It is no longer a question of just the Third World. I am deeply concerned rmist who con- by the problems of the fourth world, the very poorest world where from 400 355 [137] Public Papers of the Presidents March 17 March 17 million to 800 million people suffer from malnutrition, where average per America has capita income is under $275 per year, where life expectancy is 20 years less than in rejects what so the developed countries, where more than 40 percent of the children will never Let me shai reach the age of five, where more than half of the population has never been in his introdu to school. of 1974, I, as Despite these problems, the economies of the developing countries have problem. Food grown at an encouraging rate in the past 10 years, thanks in part-I think sub- year. Food rt stantial part-to American assistance. Manufacturing output increased 100 per- dwindling. Th cent, food production by over one-third. Enrollment in elementary schools There were co doubled. Enrollment in secondary schools and colleges quadrupled. Against this But population growth and increased demand collided with inflation and on how much energy shortages. Gains in many, many instances have been wiped out. At the At the Rom- very time when our policy seeks to build peace with nations of different utmost to incr philosophies, there remains too much violence and too much threat to peace. crop reports in The Congress defined the role of foreign aid this way, and I quote from the sum even high legislation itself: "The freedom, security, and prosperity of the United States conference. are best sustained in a community of free, secure, and prospering nations. A factor in Ignorance, want, and despair breed the extremism and violence which lead to you should be aggression and subversion." as he, as the F Those words, written by the Congress, I think are so accurate. If nations are that the prog: to develop within this definition, they must be able to defend themselves. They commitment. must have assurances that America can be counted on to provide the means of Food for Pc security, their own security, as well as the means of sustenance. People with an will provide a affirmative vision of the future will not resort to violence. While we pursue a last year. Most peaceful world in which there is unity in diversity, we must continue to support required and = security against aggression and subversion. To do otherwise, in my judgment, mothers and f would invite greater violence. The United The United States, in this day and age, cannot avoid partnership with na- But we conti: tions trying to improve the kind of world the children of today will face tomor- years of Food row. Recent events have demonstrated the total interdependence of all people other grains, V who live on this planet. Every Ame The 1973 war in the Middle East showed that war confined to a limited region humane feelin nevertheless has an economic impact, not only in South Bend but in every corner While food of the world. Developing and déveloped countries are all part of a single, inter- their needs. It dependent economic system. if a hungry m This audience, I am told, and this student body includes many students from fish, he can eat over 60 foreign countries. And I congratulate you, Father Hesburgh. Let this The greates demonstrate to all Americans that other people place a high valuation on what duction will b 356 March 17 March 17 Gerald R. Ford, 1975 [137] e average per America has to offer. Let it demonstrate that the University of Notre Dame ars less than in rejects what some call the new isolationism. ren will never Let me share with you a specific problem that Father Hesburgh mentioned has never been in his introduction. When the World Food Conference met in Rome in the fall of 1974, I, as the newly chosen President, was faced with a very perplexing countries have problem. Food prices in America were over one-fifth higher than in the previous I think sub- year. Food reserves, as reported by the Department of Agriculture, were reased 100 per- dwindling. The corn crop and other commodities were disappointing in 1974. entary schools There were concerns about hunger among our own people. led. Against this background, I was presented with several alternative estimates inflation and on how much we should spend for Food for Peace for those in other lands. ed out. At the At the Rome conference, American spokesmen pledged that we would try our is of different utmost to increase our food contribution despite our own crop problems. As hreat to peace. crop reports improved, I designated-as was mentioned by Father Hesburgh-a quote from the sum even higher than the highest option recommended to me at the time of the United States conference. g nations. A factor in my own decision was your fine president, Father Hesburgh, and which lead to you should be thankful that you have a person who has such broad interests as he, as the president of your university. A factor also in my judgment was If nations are that the program provided, and properly so, a reminder of America's moral emselves. They commitment. e the means of Food for Peace was increased from about $980 million to $1.6 billion. This People with an will provide about 5.5 million tons of commodities, up from 3.3 million tons le we pursue a last year. Most of the commodities will be wheat and rice. But also desperately inue to support required and also increased are blended foods used in nutritional programs for my judgment, mothers and for infants. The United States, fortunately, is no longer the only country aiding others. rship with na- But we continue to lead-and we will-in providing food assistance. In 20 vill face tomor- years of Food for Peace, we shipped over 245 million tons of wheat, rice, and e of all people other grains, valued at roughly $23 billion. Every American should be proud of that record. It is an illustration of the 1 limited region humane feeling and the generosity of the American people. in every corner While food helps, only by technical assistance can emerging nations meet a single, inter- their needs. It has been often said, but I think it is appropriate at this time, that if a hungry man is given a fish, he can eat for one day. But if he is taught to y students from fish, he can eat every day. burgh. Let this The greatest opportunity lies in expanding production in areas where pro- uation on what duction will be consumed. The world is farming only about one-half of the 357 March 17 [137] Public Papers of the Presidents March 17 sibility for the potential croplands, yet there are insufficient farmer incentives in many coun- lenge is also t tries, shortages of fertilizer, high fuel costs, and inadequate storage and dis- vidual through tribution systems. Just as the W The answers to the world food problem are to be found in interdependence. people. Wood We can and will help other nations. But simplistic paternalism may do more colleges is not harm than good. Our help must take the form of helping every nation to help sities that pur itself. And we will. people. It is \ I am particularly concerned about the problem of fair distribution. America introversion C believes in equality of opportunity. This Nation provides a showcase of change the fate of oth in providing better nutrition, education, health to more and more people, I am convii including those who can least afford it. Now, some nations have made excellent know deep ir use of our assistance to develop their own capacities. Other governments are deeply ingrai still struggling with the issue of equality of opportunity and fair distribution for us. of life's necessities. The Amer Good world citizenship requires more than moralizing about the role others Programs, bc should take. It requires each nation to put its own house in order. Good Ameri- and cannot t can citizenship requires more than moralizations about what is wrong with the Services, pioi United States. It requires personal involvement and action to bring about change. It requires voting and organizing and challenging and changing with people aroun the flexible and dynamic American political process. Our system, by any stand- similarly inv At univers ard, works and will work better, and you can be a part of it. problems. Ri, The developing nations of the world are increasingly successful in bringing coveries in hi prosperity to larger numbers of their own people. In fact, the assistance we lion people it have provided these nations is not just a one-way street. Thirty percent of U.S. Not only t exports are purchased by these developing nations, thereby obviously con- no structure tributing to a better life for their people and jobs for ours. There is no In cases where countries have the means, let them join in sharing with us as In a time they should. Some have helped. Others have not. We led the way, and we will not shirk from future burdens. But all nations must cooperate in developing can no long the world's resources. We extend the hand of partnership and friendship to arguments t First, fore make a better world. Another challenge facing the developing nations, as well as other nations, is world in wh to realize the need for peaceful accommodation with neighbors. An inter- diplomatic e But secon dependent world cannot solve disputes by threat or by force. People now and in remain the the future depend on each other more than they sometimes realize. For example, we in America import between 50 and 100 percent of such essential minerals as today is the But just a cobalt, bauxite, nickel, manganese, and others. This Admi The challenge, as I see it, is for America and all other nations to take respon- 358 March 17 March 17 Gerald R. Ford, 1975 [137] sibility for themselves while building cooperation with each other. The chal- I many coun- rage and dis- lenge is also the preservation of the freedom and dignity of the human indi- vidual throughout the world. erdependence. Just as the world's nations can no longer go it alone, neither can the American may do more people. Woodrow Wilson said that "what we should seek to impart in our nation to help colleges is not so much learning itself as the spirit of learning." Great univer- sities that pursue truth face the challenge that confronts the entire American tion. America people. It is whether we will learn nothing from the past and return to the ase of change introversion of the 1930's, to the dangerous notion that our fate is unrelated to more people, the fate of others. hade excellent I am convinced that Americans, however tempted to resign from the world, ernments are know deep in their heart that it cannot be done. The spirit of learning is too ir distribution deeply ingrained. We know that wherever the bell tolls for freedom, it tolls for us. he role others The American people have responded by supplying help to needy nations. Good Ameri- Programs, both government and the voluntary agencies, could not have been rong with the and cannot be reenacted without popular support. CARE and Catholic Relief bring about Services, pioneers in Food for Peace programs, are feeding over 28 million changing with people around the world right today. Protestant, Jewish, and other groups are by any stand- similarly involved. At universities throughout the Nation, researchers seek answers to world il in bringing problems. Right here in Indiana, at Purdue University, scientists have made dis- assistance we coveries in high protein aspects of sorghum, a basic food of more than 300 mil- percent of U.S. lion people in Asia and in Africa. obviously con- Not only the scientists at Purdue but people throughout America realize that no structure of world peace can endure unless the poverty question is answered. ing with us as There is no safety for any nation in a hungry, ill-educated, and desperate world. y, and we will In a time of recession, inflation, unemployment at home, it is argued that we in developing can no longer afford foreign assistance. In my judgment, there are two basic friendship to arguments to the contrary: First, foreign aid is a part of the price we must pay to achieve the kind of a her nations, is world in which we want to live. Let's be frank about it. Foreign aid bolsters our ors. An inter- diplomatic efforts for peace and for security. »le now and in But secondly, and perhaps just as importantly, even with a recession, we For example, remain the world's most affluent country. And the sharing of our resources tial minerals as today is the right, the humane, and the decent thing to do. And we will. But just as we seek to build bridges to other nations, we must unite at home. to take respon- This Administration wants better communication with the academic world. 359 [137] Public Papers of the Presidents March 17 March 17 And I express again my appreciation for the warmth of this reception. But this We are CO communication must not just be a search for new technology but for the human that song bef and spiritual qualities that enrich American life. this generati In the future, fewer people must produce more. We must, therefore, unleash and a better intellectual capacities to anticipate and solve our problems. The academic world You can a must join in the revival of fundamental American values. Let us build a new Hopefully, y' sense of pride in being an American. of 1975 and 1 Yes, you can make America what you want it to be. Think about that for just We can re a moment, if you would. Is it really true? Yes, in my judgment, it is. others and fa But there is a catch to it. You will never see it come true. Perhaps your chil- wherever the dren or your grandchildren will. What you can do is move America slowly but exemplified surely along the right direction. I am not Admittedly, today's America is far from perfect, but it is much closer to the against us. I America that my class of 1935 wanted than it was when I left the University of history reall Michigan. this great CO Today's America is a far better place than it was 40 years ago when the linger- selves to serv ing shadows of worldwide depression were being blotted out by the darker You are a clouds of worldwide war. My generation did not wholly save the world, ob- and true. Of viously. But we did, to a degree, help to move it along in the right direction. Thank you We learned along the way that we are part of "one world." The author of NOTE: The Presi that phrase was a Hoosier, the first political candidate about whom I got per- University of No sonally involved enough to volunteer as a campaign worker. His name was Wendell Willkie. 138 Wendell Willkie, of Indiana, was never President, but he was right. He fought for what he believed in against almost impossible odds. In the last Presi- The Presic dential campaign before Pearl Harbor, he believed most deeply-too far ahead March 17, of his time, perhaps-that America must be part of one world. He lost the 1940 election, but he helped unite America in support of the truth, which has been THE PRESIDE our nonpartisan national policy since the Second World War. And I say with South Bend. emphasis, there has been no third world war. On the contrary, the prospects for conference. long-range peace have slowly but surely improved. Mr. Jack C Despite setbacks and current international problems, the standards of human life have been lifted almost everywhere. Yet today, we hear another theme: that the tide of history is running against us; that America's example of Ameri- [1.] Q. } can leadership is neither needed nor heeded at the present time; that we should about one a take care of ourselves and let the rest of mankind do likewise; that our privately. D domestic difficulties dictate a splendid selfishness that runs counter to all of our Father Hesb religious roots, as well as to all recent experience. THE PRES 360 March 17 March 17 Gerald R. Ford, 1975 [138] tion. But this We are counseled to withdraw from the world and go it alone. I have heard or the human that song before. I am here to say I am not going to dance to it. Nor do I believe this generation of young Americans will desert their ideals for a better nation efore, unleash and a better world. ademic world You can and you will help to move America along in the right direction. S build a new Hopefully, you can do a better job than the class of 1935, but while the classes of 1975 and 1935 are still around, we have much to learn from each other. it that for just We can renew the old American compact of respect for the conviction of t is. others and faith in the decency of others. We can work to banish war and want aps your chil- wherever they exist. We can exalt the spirit of service and love that St. Patrick ica slowly but exemplified in his day. I am not alarmed when I hear warnings that the tide of history is running I closer to the against us. I do not believe it for a minute, because I know where the tide of University of history really is-on this campus and thousands and thousands of others in this great country and wherever young men and women are preparing them- en the linger- selves to serve God and their countries and to build a better world. y the darker You are a part of the tide of this history, and you will make it run strong he world, ob- and true. Of that, I am sure. direction. Thank you. And top o' the morning to you! "he author of NOTE: The President spoke at 11:15 a.m. at the Center. Prior to his remarks, he received an honorary om I got per- University of Notre Dame Athletic and Convocation doctor of laws degree. [is name was 138 as right. He the last Presi- The President's News Conference of too far ahead March 17, 1975 lost the 1940 ich has been THE PRESIDENT. Good afternoon. It has been a great and wonderful day here in d I say with South Bend. I thank everybody for it. And I am looking forward to this news prospects for conference. Mr. Jack Colwell [South Bend Tribune]. ds of human NOTRE DAME PRESIDENT HESBURGH other theme: le of Ameri- [1.] Q. You and Father Hesburgh today had some very kind things to say at we should about one another, and it also gave you an opportunity to speak with him se; that our privately. Do you have any plans for any additional appointments or duties for to all of our Father Hesburgh in your Administration? THE PRESIDENT. Father Hesburgh has done a superb job on the Clemency 361 [138] Public Papers of the Presidents March 17 March 17 Board, which is a very time-consuming responsibility. The Clemency Board has had a great upsurge in applicants. Since I do n I think Father Hesburgh and the others on the Clemency Board are going to we have no U be pretty busy in the months ahead. But let me assure you and others that question, whic someone who has as much talent and tremendous civic interest, once that job is over, I think we can use someone like Father Hesburgh in many more [3.] Q. Mr responsibilities. grams and yo Miss Thomas [Helen Thomas, United Press International]. what kinds of f CAMBODIA THE PRESID [2.] Q. Mr. President, you have said that the question of personalities is helped, when really not vital to a settlement in Cambodia. My question is, is the survival of freeing the Fe a non-Communist government in Cambodia vital to the U.S. security in South- States. It has r. east Asia? States. THE PRESIDENT. Miss Thomas, I think it is. I cannot help but notice that since It seems to n the military situation in Cambodia has become very serious, and since the North tion. It has suj Vietnamese have apparently launched a very substantial additional military contribute ver effort against South Vietnam, against the Paris peace accords, there has been, as I Therefore, I understand it, in Thailand, according to the news announcements this morning, law and not tin a potential request from Thailand that we withdraw our forces from that country. I noticed in the morning news summary before I left Washington that the [4.] Q. Mr President of the Philippines, Mr. Marcos, is reviewing the Philippine relation- questioned by ship with the United States. plot. Since you I think these potential developments to some extent tend to validate the so- area for the Co called domino theory, and if we have one country after another, allies of the THE PRESIDE: United States, losing faith in our word, losing faith in our agreements with at the outset t. them, yes, I think the first one to go could vitally affect the national security of the United States. stances, any ass Q. May I ask you one more question that has been on my mind for a long pate under an time? Since you supported the invasion of Cambodia 5 years ago, would you with interest ai do the same today? that assassinati THE PRESIDENT. Well, that is a hypothetical question, Miss Thomas, because I have asked under the law I have no such authority to do so. I did support the activities then, problem can be the so-called Cambodian incursion, because the North Vietnamese were using I expect within that area in Cambodia for many military strikes against U.S. military personnel for the Rockef in South Vietnam. It was a successful military operation. It saved many Ameri- allegations. can lives, because those sanctuaries were destroyed. Q. I gather, publicly? 362 PUBLIC PAPERS OF THE PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES Ronald Reagan PLURIBUS UNUM 1981 JANUARY 20 TO DECEMBER 31, 1981 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1982 Administration of Ronald Reagan, 1981 / May 17 /'re asking th respect system, constitutional law, antitrust law, and dren, and resides in Washington, D.C. He 'ay, I want professional responsibility. was born on July 11, 1943. uniforms Mr. Lacovara is married, has seven chil- ca is grate- 'd by the Address at Commencement Exercises at the University of May 15. Notre Dame May 17, 1981 Father Hesburgh, I thank you very much My first time to ever see Notre Dame ntee to and for so many things. The distinguished was to come here as a sports announcer, 2 honor that you've conferred upon me here years out of college, to broadcast a football today, I must say, however, compounds a game. You won or I wouldn't have men- sense of guilt that I have nursed for almost tioned it. [Laughter] 50 years. I thought the first degree I was A number of years later I returned here of Colum- given was honorary. [Laughter] But it's in the company of Pat O'Brien and a galaxy ed summa wonderful to be here today with Governor of Hollywood stars for the world premiere sity School Orr, Governor Bowen, Senators Lugar and of "Knute Rockne-All American" in which ; class for Quayle, and Representative Hiler, these dis- I was privileged to play George Gipp. I've bachelor's tinguished honorees, the trustees, adminis- always suspected that there might have tration, faculty, students, and friends of been many actors in Hollywood who could orgetown duated in Notre Dame and, most important, the grad- have played the part better, but no one uating class of 1981. could have wanted to play it more than I involved Nancy and I are greatly honored to share did. And I was given the part largely be- this day with you, and our pleasure has cause the star of that picture, Pat O'Brien, 1 affairs been more than doubled because I am also kindly and generously held out a helping er, which sharing the platform with a longtime and hand to a beginning young actor. on the Defender very dear friend, Pat O'Brien. Having come from the world of sports, Pat and I haven't been able to see much I'd been trying to write a story about Knute bia, and of each other lately, so I haven't had a Rockne. I must confess that I had someone dmissions chance to tell him that there is now another in mind to play the Gipper. On one of my rt of Ap- tie that binds us together. Until a few sports broadcasts before going to Holly- 1 Circuit. weeks ago I knew very little about my wood, I had told the story of his career and 1973 on father's ancestry. He had been orphaned at tragic death. I didn't have very many words District of age 6. But now I've learned that his grand- on paper when I learned that the studio 3 on the father, my great-grandfather, left Ireland to that employed me was already preparing a Judicial come to America, leaving his home in Bally- story treatment for that film. And that Circuit, poreen, a village in County Tipperary in brings me to the theme of my remarks. District of Ireland, and I have learned that Ballypor- I'm the fifth President of the United 1980, he een is the ancestral home of the O'Briens. States to address a Notre Dame commence- Columbia Now, if I don't watch out, this may turn ment. The temptation is great to use this House of out to be less of a commencement than a forum as an address on a great international American warm bath in nostalgic memories. Growing or national issue that has nothing to do with up in Illinois, I was influenced by a sports this occasion. Indeed, this is somewhat tra- adjunct legend so national in scope, it was almost ditional. So, I wasn't surprised when I read niversity mystical. It is difficult to explain to anyone in several reputable journals that I was Colum- who didn't live in those times. The legend going to deliver an address on foreign :S been a was based on a combination of three ele- policy or on the economy. I'm not going to ments: a game, football; a university, Notre talk about either. ny areas 1 justice Dame; and a man, Knute Rockne. There But, by the same token, I'll try not to has been nothing like it before or since. belabor you with some of the standard rhet- 431 May 17 / Administration of Ronald Reagan, 1981 oric that is beloved of graduation speakers. why he was a living legend. No man con- For example, I'm not going to tell you that nected with football has ever achieved the "You know more today that you've ever stature or occupied the singular niche in known before or that you will ever know the Nation that he carved out for himself, again." [Laughter] The other standby is, not just in a sport, but in our entire social "When I was 14, I didn't think my father structure. knew anything. By the time I was 21, I was Now, today I hear very often, "Win one amazed at how much the old gentleman for the Gipper," spoken in a humorous had learned in 7 years." And then, of vein. Lately I've been hearing it by Con- course, the traditional and the standby is gressmen who are supportive of the pro- that "A university like this is a storehouse of grams that I've introduced. [Laughter] But knowledge because the freshmen bring so let's look at the significance of that story. much in and the seniors take so little Rockne could have used Gipp's dying words away." [Laughter] to win a game any time. But 8 years went You members of the graduating class of by following the death of George Gipp 18-or 1981-[laughter]-I don't really go. before Rock revealed those dying words, his back that far-[laughter]-are what beha- deathbed wish. viorists call achievers. And while you will look back with warm pleasure on your And then he told the story at halftime to memories of these years that brought you a team that was losing, and one of the only here to where you are today, you are also, I teams he had ever coached that was torn by know, looking at the future that seems un- dissension and jealousy and factionalism. certain to most of you but which, let me The seniors on that team were about to assure you, offers great expectations. close out their football careers without Take pride in this day. Thank your par- learning or experiencing any of the real ents, as one on your behalf has already done values that a game has to impart. None of here. Thank those who've been of help to them had known George Gipp. They were you over the last 4 years. And do a little children when he played for Notre Dame. celebrating; you're entitled. This is your It was to this team that Rockne told the day, and whatever I say should take cogni- story and so inspired them that they rose zance of that fact. It is a milestone in life, above their personal animosities. For some- and it marks a time of change. one they had never known, they joined to- Winston Churchill, during the darkest gether in a common cause and attained the period of the "Battle of Britain" in World unattainable. War II said: "When great causes are on the We were told when we were making the move in the world we learn we are picture of one line that was spoken by a spirits, not animals, and that something is player during that game. We were actually going on in space and time, and beyond afraid to put it in the picture. The man who space and time, which, whether we like it carried the ball over for the winning touch- or not, spells duty." down was injured on the play. We were Now, I'm going to mention again that told that as he was lifted on the stretcher movie that Pat and I and Notre Dame were and carried off the field he was heard to in, because it says something about Amer- say, "That's the last one I can get for you, ica. First, Knute Rockne as a boy came to Gipper." America with his parents from Norway. Now, it's only a game. And maybe to hear And in the few years it took him to grow up it now, afterward-and this is what we to college age, he became so American that feared-it might sound maudlin and not the here at Notre Dame, he became an All way it was intended. But is there anything American in a game that is still, to this day, wrong with young people having an experi- uniquely American. ence, feeling something so deeply, thinking As a coach, he did more than teach young of someone else to the point that they can men how to play a game. He believed truly give so completely of themselves? There that the noblest work of man was building will come times in the lives of all of us the character of man. And maybe that's when we'll be faced with causes bigger 432 Administration of Ronald Reagan, 1981 / May 17 than ourselves, and they won't be on a play- to do the things that are truly the responsi- ing field. bility of a central government. This Nation was born when a band of All of this has led to the misuse of power men, the Founding Fathers, a group so and preemption of the prerogatives of unique we've never seen their like since, people and their social institutions. You are rose to such selfless heights. Lawyers, graduating from a great private, or, if you tradesmen, merchants, farmers-56 men achieved security and standing in life but will, independent university. Not too many valued freedom more. They pledged their years ago, such schools were relatively free from government interference. In recent lives, their fortunes, and their sacred honor. Sixteen of them gave their lives. Most gave years, government has spawned regulations their fortunes. All preserved their sacred covering virtually every facet of our lives. The independent and church-supported col- honor. They gave us more than a nation. They leges and universities have found them- brought to all mankind for the first time the selves enmeshed in that network of regula- concept that man was born free, that each tions and the costly blizzard of paperwork of us has inalienable rights, ours by the that government is demanding. Thirty-four congressional committees and almost 80 grace of God, and that government was cre- ated by us for our convenience, having only subcommittees have jurisdiction over 439 the powers that we choose to give it. This is separate laws affecting education at the col- the heritage that you're about to claim as lege level alone. Almost every aspect of you come out to join the society made up of campus life is now regulated-hiring, firing, those who have preceded you by a few promotions, physical plant, construction, years, or some of us by a great many. recordkeeping, fundraising and, to some This experiment in man's relation to man extent, curriculum and educational pro- is a few years into its third century. Saying grams. that may make it sound quite old. But let's I hope when you leave this campus that look at it from another viewpoint or per- you will do so with a feeling of obligation to spective. A few years ago, someone figured your alma mater. She will need your help out that if you could condense the entire and support in the years to come. If ever history of life on Earth into a motion pic- the great independent colleges and univer- ture that would run for 24 hours a day, 365 sities like Notre Dame give way to and are days-maybe on leap years we could have replaced by tax-supported institutions, the an intermission-|laughter]-this idea that struggle to preserve academic freedom will is the United States wouldn't appear on the have been lost. screen until 3½ seconds before midnight on We're troubled today by economic stag- December 31st. And in those 3½ seconds nation, brought on by inflated currency and not only would a new concept of society prohibitive taxes and burdensome regula- come into being, a golden hope for all man- tions. The cost of stagnation in human kind, but more than half the activity, eco- terms, mostly among those least equipped nomic activity in world history, would take to survive it, is cruel and inhuman. place on this continent. Free to express Now, after those remarks, don't decide their genius, individual Americans, men and that you'd better turn your diploma back in women, in 3½ seconds, would perform such so you can stay another year on the campus. miracles of invention, construction, and pro- I've just given you the bad news. The good duction as the world had never seen. news is that something is being done about As you join us out there beyond the all this because the people of America have campus, you know there are great unsolved said, "Enough already." You know, we who problems. Federalism, with its built in had preceded you had just gotten SO busy checks and balances, has been distorted. that we let things get out of hand. We Central government has usurped powers forgot that we were the keepers of the that properly belong to local and State gov- power, forgot to challenge the notion that ernments. And in so doing, in many ways the state is the principal vehicle of social that central government has begun to fail change, forgot that millions of social inter- 433 May 17 / Administration of Ronald Reagan, 1981 actions among free individuals and institu- look at those regulations I've spoken of. rec tions can do more to foster economic and They have already identified hundreds of social progress than all the careful schemes ans them that can be wiped out with no harm of government planners. the to the quality of life. And the cancellation Well, at last we're remembering, remem- los of just those regulations will leave billions bering that government has certain legiti- fir and billions of dollars in the hands of the mate functions which it can perform very ste people for productive enterprise and re- well, that it can be responsive to the sal- search and development and the creation of people, that it can be humane and compas- tic jobs. sionate, but that when it undertakes tasks ) The years ahead are great ones for this that are not its proper province, it can do SW country, for the cause of freedom and the none of them as well or as economically as fou spread of civilization. The West won't con- the private sector. tain communism, it will transcend commu- For too long government has been fixing wi nism. It won't bother to dismiss or de- things that aren't broken and inventing an miracle cures for unknown diseases. nounce it, it will dismiss it as some bizarre We need you. We need your youth. We chapter in human history whose last pages need your strength. We need your idealism are even now being written. W( to help us make right that which is wrong. William Faulkner, at a Nobel Prize cere- wi Now, I know that this period of your life, mony some time back, said man "would not you have been and are critically looking at only [merely] endure: he will prevail" the mores and customs of the past and against the modern world because he will questioning their value. Every generation return to "the old verities and truths of the does that. May I suggest, don't discard the heart." And then Faulkner said of man, "He time-tested values upon which civilization is immortal because he alone among was built simply because they're old. More creatures has a soul, a spirit capable of W en important, don't let today's doomcriers and compassion and sacrifice and endurance." th cynics persuade you that the best is past, One can't say those words-compassion, that from here on it's all downhill. Each sacrifice, and endurance-without thinking he generation sees farther than the generation of the irony that one who so exemplifies W that preceded it because it stands on the them, Pope John Paul II, a man of peace shoulders of that generation. You're going and goodness, an inspiration to the world, to have opportunities beyond anything that would be struck by a bullet from a man we've ever known. towards whom he could only feel compas- The people have made it plain already. sion and love. It was Pope John Paul II who They want an end to excessive government warned in last year's encyclical on mercy to intervention in their lives and in the econo- and justice against certain economic the- y my, an end to the burdensome and unnec- ories that use the rhetoric of class struggle и essary regulations and a punitive tax policy to justify injustice. He said, "In the name of tr that does take "from the mouth of labor the an alleged justice the neighbor is sometimes IT bread it has earned." They want a govern- destroyed, killed, deprived of liberty or t} ment that cannot only continue to send stripped of fundamental human rights." men across the vast reaches of space and For the West, for America, the time has bring them safely home, but that can guar- come to dare to show to the world that our antee that you and I can walk in the park of civilized ideas, our traditions, our values, our neighborhood after dark and get safely are not-like the ideology and war machine 0 home. And finally, they want to know that of totalitarian societies-just a facade of this Nation has the ability to defend itself strength. It is time for the world to know against those who would seek to pull it our intellectual and spiritual values are down. rooted in the source of all strength, a belief And all of this, we the people can do. in a Supreme Being, and a law higher than ti Indeed, a start has already been made. our own. There's a task force under the leadership of When it's written, history of our time a the Vice President, George Bush, that is to won't dwell long on the hardships of the 434 Administration of Ronald Reagan, 1981 / May 18 recent past. But history will ask-and our I have one more hope for you: when you answer determine the fate of freedom for a do speak to the next generation about these thousand years-Did a nation born of hope things, that you will always be able to speak lose hope? Did a people forged by courage of an America that is strong and free, to find courage wanting? Did a generation find in your hearts an unbounded pride in steeled by hard war and a harsh peace for- this much-loved country, this once and sake honor at the moment of great climac- future land, this bright and hopeful nation tic struggle for the human spirit? whose generous spirit and great ideals the If history asks such questions, it also an- world still honors. swers them. And the answers are to be Congratulations, and God bless you. found in the heritage left by generations of Americans before us. They stand in silent Note: The President spoke at 3:11 p.m. at witness to what the world will soon know the 136th commencement ceremony of the and history someday record: that in the [its] university, which was held in the Notre Dame Athletic and Convocation Center at third century, the American Nation came of age, affirmed its leadership of free men and the campus in South Bend, Ind. The Presi- women serving selflessly a vision of man dent was introduced by Rev. Theodore M. with God, government for people, and hu- Hesburgh, president of the university, who had presented the President with an honor- manity at peace. ary doctor of laws degree prior to the com- A few years ago, an Australian Prime mencement address. Minister, John Gorton, said, "I wonder if In his remarks, the President referred to anybody ever thought what the situation for Governor Robert Orr, former Governor Otis the comparatively small nations in the R. Bowen, Senators Richard G. Lugar and world would be if there were not in exist- Dan Quayle, and Representative John P. ence the United States, if there were not Hiler, all of Indiana. The President also re- this giant country prepared to make so ferred to the movie "Knute Rockne-All many sacrifices." This is the noble and rich American," which was filmed at Notre heritage rooted in great civil ideas of the Dame in 1940. The President played the West, and it is yours. part of All American halfback George My hope today is that in the years. to Gipp, who died of pneumonia. come-and come it shall-when it's your The occasion marked the first trip by the time to explain to another generation the President outside of Washington, D.C., meaning of the past and thereby hold out since the assassination attempt on March to them their promise of the future, that 30. Four former Presidents-Franklin D. you'll recall the truths and traditions of Roosevelt, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Gerald R. which we've spoken. It is these truths and Ford, and Jimmy Carter-addressed convo- traditions that define our civilization and cations or commencement exercises at the make up our national heritage. And now, university and were awarded honorary de- they're yours to protect and pass on. grees. Nomination of Harry N. Walters To Be an Assistant Secretary of the Army May 18, 1981 The President today announced his inten- dent and chief executive officer of Potsdam tion to nominate Harry N. Walters to be an Paper Corp., Potsdam, N.Y. In 1976-77 he Assistant Secretary of the Army (Manpower was a management consultant with Howard and Reserve Affairs). Paper Mills, Inc., Dayton, Ohio. Mr. Walters Since 1977 Mr. Walters has been presi- was executive vice president of Standard 435

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Notre Dame 5/17/92 [OA 7574] [1]

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