Ask the Scholar
Document scope · 1 page
Scholar
Ask about this object, its catalog metadata, its source description, or the page inventory.
For page-specific OCR and visual context, open one of the page chats.
Scholar Source Context
Document identity
localId
323154086
label
Navy Commencement 1992 5/27/92 [OA 7574] [3]
core
doc
dtoType
document
citationUrl
pageCount
1
Source metadata
id
323154086
contentType
document
title
Navy Commencement 1992 5/27/92 [OA 7574] [3]
citationUrl
identifierLocal
13816-002
collections
Records of the White House Office of Speechwriting (George H. W. Bush Administration)
Speech Backup Chronological Files
imageCount
1
hasImages
yes
source
import
hasTranscription
no
Source extras
naId
323154086
levelOfDescription
fileUnit
recordType
description
ocrSource
nara-archive
Single page context
seq
1
pageIndex
0
type
document
mediaId
bdb6e31c190940c5
ocrText
Originally Processed With FOIA(s):
FOIA Number:
S
S
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
Library Staff.
Record Group/Collection:
George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
Collection/Office of Origin:
Speechwriting, White House Office of
Series:
Speech File Backup Files
Subseries:
Chron File, 1989-1993
OA/ID Number:
13816
Folder ID Number:
13816-002
Folder Title:
Navy Commencement 1992 5/27/92 [OA 7574] [3]
Stack:
Row:
Section:
Shelf:
Position:
G
26
22
5
6
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
May 27, 1992
REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT
AT THE NAVAL ACADEMY COMMENCEMENT
Annapolis, Maryland
10:45 A.M. EDT
THE PRESIDENT: Thank you, Mr. Secretary, and thank all
of you. Thank you, Larry Garrett. Please be seated. And may I
salute our great CNO, Admiral Kelso, who's with us today; and our
Superintendent Admiral Lynch; the several members of the United
States Congress that are here today. I want to single out the Navy
band, thank the Academy band; and Captain Bill Hines, the Senior
Chaplain; and Midshipmen First Class Joe Lienert and Melissa Miceli
for leading us in the National Anthem. Officers, members of the
faculty, friends, parents -- the Brigade -- and, of course, the Class
of 1992. (Applause.) As I said that the sun came out. (Laughter.)
Now, thank you for this warm welcome.
Let me add a special salute to an honorary classmate of
the Class of '92: Midshipman Rob Boehning -- a model of courage to
his classmates. (Applause.)
Now, the real reason I came here today: I just wanted
to salute the class that finally captured the Army mules.
(Applause.) And to show you that I took Larry Garrett's remarks to
heart, I will now tell you my favorite Billy Graham story -- about
the guy, the graduation speaker, goes on and on and on. A guy
sitting over here picks up the gavel, heaves it at him, misses, hits
a woman in the front row, and she said, "Hit me again. I can still
hear him. (Laughter.)
Look what you're in for. (Laughter.) No, they're
double-spaced. (Laughter.)
As President, I've made it my mission to preserve three
legacies of concern to all Americans. I spoke a few days ago at
Southern Methodist University about the new economic realities --
about the promising job opportunities that we're going to have in the
next century. At Notre Dame, my focus was the family -- because the
first lessons in faith and character are learned at home. But today
I want to speak about the great mission you've taken up as your own:
preserving freedom, keeping the peace.
You take up your watch at a watershed moment -- as old
order gives way to new. And just think of the changes, the
remarkable changes that have taken place since you first came to
Annapolis four years ago, for plebe summer way back in 1988. That
was a different era -- another world, literally. Europe was a
continent divided -- East from West. From Central America to the
Horn of Africa to Afghanistan and Southeast Asia, the U.S. faced
Soviet expansionism. Today all that has changed: Today, the
"dominoes" fall in democracy's direction.
Today, the Wall, the Warsaw Pact, the Soviet empire --
even the Soviet Union itself -- all are gone, swept away by the most
powerful idea known to man: the undeniable desire of every
individual to be free.
MORE
- 2 -
We must recognize these events for what they were: a
vindication of our ideals -- a testament to faith -- but also, a
victory for the men and women who fought for freedom. Because this
triumph didn't just happen. Imperial communism didn't just fall --
it was pushed.
Your generation will be the first to enjoy the fruits of
that victory. Today, the threat of a lightning strike across the
fields of Europe has vanished with the Warsaw Pact. The threat of
nuclear war is more distant than at any time in the past four
decades. As Commander-in-Chief, I think back often to the day I did
what so many of my predecessors must have longed to do: to give the
order for many of our nuclear forces to stand down from alert. And
last week in Lisbon, we reached agreement with four of the new
nations of the old Soviet empire -- Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and
Byelarus -- to make good on the great promise of the START Treaty
that we signed just a year ago.
The end of the Cold War -- it means new opportunities
for global prosperity. Free market reform is now sweeping away the
dead hand of state socialism. Capitalism is recognized the world
over as the engine of prosperity and social progress -- and nations
are reorganizing themselves to unleash the limitless potential of the
individual.
Governments can help foster free enterprise -- or they
can put obstacles in its path. There is no question what course --
the course we must take. The United States will remain a forceful
advocate for free trade.
But the promise of new prosperity must not blind us to
the new challenges of new economic realities. Nations that lack the
confidence to compete will be tempted to seek refuge behind the walls
of protectionism. And we must fight the protectionist impulse here
at home -- and we must work with our partners for trade that is free,
fair and open.
Beyond this economic challenge, we must see clearly the
dangers that remain. And, yes, since the day you came to Annapolis,
we have made great gains for freedom. But we have not yet entered an
era of perpetual peace.
Some see the great triumph I mentioned a moment ago not
simply as cause for celebration -- but as proof that America's work
in the world is finished -- is done. The fact is, never in the long
history of man has the world been a benign place. It will take hard
efforts to make and keep it a better place -- and there is no
substitute in this effort for America's strength and sense of
purpose. When other nations look to the United States, they see a
nation that combines economic and military might -- with a moral
force that's borne of its founding ideals.
Even in our new world, as old threats recede, new ones
emerge. With the end of the East-West stand-off, ideology has given
way to ethnicity as a key factor for conflict. Ancient hatreds --
ethnic rivalries frozen in time -- threaten to revive themselves and
to reignite. We see it now in the war-ravaged Balkans -- in tensions
within and among some of the new nations of the old Soviet empire.
For all the overwhelmingly hopeful aspects of the new nationalism we
see in the world -- for all the proud history and heritage we see
reclaimed -- for all the captive nations now free: we must guard
against those who would turn the noble impulse of nationalism to
negative ends.
We will face new challenges in the realm of diplomacy:
Where in the past we've relied almost entirely on established formal
alliances -- the future may require us to turn more often to
coalitions, built to respond to the needs of the moment. Where in
the past, international organizations like the U.N., the United
MORE
3
Nations, had been paralyzed by Cold War conflict, we will see a
future where they can now be a force for peace. Where in the past,
many times the heaviest burdens of leadership fell to our nation, we
will now see more efforts made to seek consensus and concerted
action.
The United States will never rely on other nations to
defend its interests -- but we can and will seek to act in concert
with the community of nations to defend common interests and ideals.
We saw a glimpse of that future in the Persian Gulf. Such a world
puts a premium on nations certain of their interests, faithful to
their ideals -- and on leaders ready to act.
We will face new challenges that take us beyond
containment -- to a key role in helping forge a democratic peace. In
the weeks ahead, Congress will be considering the Freedom Support Act
-- to promote democratic reform in Russia and the other Commonwealth
states. For all the pressure to focus our energies on needs here at
home, and for all that we must do and will do to open new
opportunities to every American here at home, we cannot fail in this
critical mission.
When we think of the world you and your children will
inherit, no single factor will shape their future more than this:
whether the lands of the old Soviet empire move forward into
democracy or slide back into anarchy or authoritarianism. The
outcome of this great transition will affect everything -- from the
amount of resources government must devote to defense instead of
domestic needs to a future for our children free from fear.
And, yes, the aid that I have requested from the
Congress is significant, but it is also a tiny fraction of the $4
trillion that this nation spent to wage and win the Cold War. We owe
it to those who began the task as well as those who will come up
afterward to finish the great work that we have begun.
But if we hope to remain free and at peace in the world,
a world that still holds dangers, we must maintain defenses adequate
to the task. This defense rests on four key elements:
First, we must maintain a strong strategic deterrent.
And, yes, our nuclear forces can and will be smaller in the future.
But even in the aftermath of the Cold War, Russia retains its nuclear
arsenal. And we learned in Desert Storm about the progress that Iraq
had made toward building nuclear weapons of its own.
We must heed the lessons learned in the Gulf War, when a
single Scud missile took the lives of more Americans than any other
combat action in that war. And we cannot count on deterrence to stop
a madman with missiles. We must deploy a defense against ballistic
missile attack.
And second, security means forward deployment. From the
40 years of Cold War to the 40 days of Desert Storm, forward deployed
forces have contributed to the world's stability and helped America
keep danger far from its shores. Even in our new world, with the
tremendous political transformation we've worked to bring about, the
fundamental facts of geopolitics don't change. Forward deployed
forces -- I'm talking about ground forces, and I am talking the
United States Navy -- will keep America safe in the century ahead as
they have in the century now coming to a close.
And third, the nature of the challenges we are likely to
face will put a premium on rapid response. We live in a day when
clear and present dangers are few, when new threats can emerge with
little or no warning. Throughout history, our ability to project
power has helped us keep the peace -- and, if need be, to win the
war. And this I pledge as Commander-in-Chief: America's forces will
continue to be the best-trained, the best-equipped and most
MORE
4
battle-ready forces anywhere in the entire world. We owe it to the
generations coming up. (Applause.)
And fourth, even as we reduce our armed forces, we must
retain the capability to reconstitute sufficient forces to meet the
future threats that we may face. As we make significant cuts in our
defense procurement, we've got to keep in mind that production lines
for planes and tanks and ships cannot be turned on and off like water
from a faucet. We've got to keep our technological edge -- keep our
R&D focused on the next generation of weapons that you'll need to
succeed.
In conclusion I just want to turn now to a final
challenge, one that begins with a hard-won truth that shines through
this century's great conflicts: America is safest at home when we
stand as a force for stability in the world.
In many respects, reaffirming this truth in our new
world may be the greatest challenge of all, because the history of
this century reveals in the American character a desire to see in
every hard-won victory a sign that America's work in the world is
done. And such an urge is not unusual in democracies, it's a trait
found in nations more interested in the quiet joys of home than in
the glories of conquest abroad. But it can be devastating in a world
that still holds dangers for our interests and ideals.
Winston Churchill made this point the theme of the last
volume in his epic history of World War II. He called it: "How the
great democracies triumphed -- and so were able to resume the follies
which had so nearly cost them their life."
Once more, our challenge is to avoid the folly that
Churchill warned of -- to remain engaged in the world as a force for
peace. And we will do it with your help, through the leadership you
provide. Today John Paul Jones would say: "The measure of a ship is
not its guns, but its courageous men and women." Your courage, your
integrity, your ability to lead: these are the qualities on which
our nation's security depends.
And more than once this century, America has proved its
mettle. More than once, we've come late to conflict and turned back
mortal threats to freedom. But as a nation, we have yet to prove
that we can lead when there is no enemy on the doorstep. We have
proved and proved again we can win the war. And now we must wage the
peace.
Once again, to this wonderful graduating class, I wish
you well. I wish you Godspeed. And thank you all for this warm
welcome. And may I thank the families that have labored in sweat to
provide this wonderful day for these wonderful Midshipmen, now to be
Ensigns or Lieutenants. Welcome, congratulations to the Class of
1992. And may God bless the United States of America, the freest,
greatest country on the face of the Earth. Thank you very much.
(Applause.)
END
11:03 A.M. EDT
august 940
Type
Number
Duration
Char-
Date
of
of
of
nuter
of
Pilot
PASSENGERS
REMARKS
Machine
Machine
Flight
LAKE
Flight
23
TBF-1
00522
1,3
Face
SBIF
IN
#538 P02
24
00416
2,1
ca
MAY-19-'92 TUE 11:41 ID:NAVAVMUSEUM NASP FL TEL NO:9044523296
TBP -Prown NN CARRIER QUALIFICATION
OR GATW BUSH 24 AVG 1943. AIRONAPT
LATER
nay
24 4A80043 AUG
Date
24 AUG 1943
Qualified this date in carrier
Pilot
Pass
landings aboard the US$ SABLE
Total Time
Time
Time
T.B.F. airplane.
E
in
Total
Month
3.4
Brought
Form: 1
331.3
X.PAM
R.W. FLEMING I
Total
Time
334.7
a.
W.
I Cortify that 13 orgoing Flight
Record
LT.(ig) A-V(S)USNR
is correct. Wallo A
EDASHON
R. W. FLEMING
IT.(jg) A-V(S)USNR
Total time to date,
10-18616
10-180
THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, JULY 6, 1988
camps
Namibia's Changing War Map: Cubans Now a Factor
gether
pursue
Tech
the
By BERNARD E. TRAINOR
population lives, is the main target for
ment each other. The role of tracking
rica after they lost out in their attempt
Force
Special to The New York Times
guerrilla incursions from Angola. The
and attacking the guerrilla teams,
to gain control of Angola in the civil
Army
OSHAKATI, South-West Africa, July
South Africans refer to this as Sector 10
which are made up of 6 to 30 men, is
war following Portugal's withdrawal
by Sou
2 - Until Cuban mechanized, air and
and have their headquarters in Osha-
usually left to the black battalions, sup-
from its African colonies in 1975. A
A fo
antiaircraft units began moving into
kati. A military air base is in nearby
ported by white paratroops, who para-
third unit, the 201st Battalion, is made
army,
the area six weeks ago, South African
Ondangua. Operations against the
chute behind any guerrilla located so
up of Bushmen from the Caprivi Strip,
torial
forces operated freely in southern An-
South-West People's Organization, and
as to block their escape back to their
South-West Africa's narrow northeast-
is also
gola in their war against guerrillas
now the Cubans, are directed from
base camps in Angola.
ern panhandle.
sides
seeking control of South-
these two bases.
There are three specialized black
mand
West Africa. But a clash
Three white conscript battalions, of
units in the army. One is the 101st Bat-
Army Officers in Command
cers,
Military
late last month between
about 1,200 men each, are assigned op-
talion, called the Buffaloes, 'all natives
The Bushmen, who are often used as
forme
Analysis
South African troops and
erating areas along the border and pa-
of the Ovambo region. The South Af-
trackers, are usually parceled out to
rica P
guerrilla units backed by
trol their sectors constantly looking for
rican authorities say many are former
white South African units to help locate
has a
Cuban forces showed that
signs of guerrilla infiltrators. They are
members of the South-West Africa
guerrilla infiltrators. The 32d Battalion
crimir
this is no longer the case.
backed up by artillery, air, engineer
People's Organization. Another unit is
operates almost exclusively inside An-
cers
The South African high command is
and mechanized units.
the 32d Battalion, made up exclusively
gola, attacking guerrilla columns en
unit,
now re-evaluating its border strategy
The white and black units comple-
of Angolans who fled to South-West Af-
route to Namibia and their base
tween
in light of the redeployment of the
Cubans, who had largely confined their
mission in Angola to defending that
country's Marxist Government against
a United States-backed rebel group.
The battle reportedly took place June
27 about 20 miles northwest of the Ca-
lueque Dam, just north of the border
with South-West Africa, also known as
Namibia. The South African Govern-
ment reported only 12 South Africans
killed in the clash and a subsequent
Cuban air attack on the dam itself, but
asserted that 300 Cubans and guerril-
las of the South-West Africa People's
Organization, known as Swapo, had
died.
Blacks Do Most of the Fighting
The casualty report is highly ques-
tionable. South Africa frequently lists
only white casualties and makes no
mention of casualties to black troops
serving in the South African Army and
territorial forces in the border region.
Yet it is black units, led by white offi-
cers, that do most of the fighting in the
area, and there were said to be two
such units involved in the June 27 clash.
The use of black soldiers to do much
of the fighting does not necessarily re-
flect a South African willingness to risk
ah
the lives of these men first. Largely, it
is a practical solution to the guerrilla
war that is being fought against the
South-West Africa People's Organiza-
tion, which seeks to establish an inde-
pendent Namibia.
South African officers say the guer-
rillas know how to survive in the harsh
bush of the border region and are
skilled at hit-and-run tactics. They in-
filtrate by foot into South-West Africa
in small groups to conduct raids and
sabotage against the South Africans,
then withdraw to their base camps
deep in Angola.
The white units of the South African
Army, on the other hand, are made up
mostly of draftees who serve only two
years on active duty. With notable ex-
ceptions, such as the paratroops, the
white soldiers spend only three to six
months at a time on the border and do
not know the area as well as the guer-
rillas, who have operated there for
years.
Knowledgeable About Territory
But South Africa has a number of all-
black units made up of career soldiers
who serve exclusively in the border re-
gion. These troops are every bit as
knowledgeable about the territory as
their guerrilla opponents.
The 400-mile border of Ovamboland,
where 52 percent of the Namibian
Reagan Urged to Press
Pretoria on Executions
WASHINGTON, July 5 (Reuters) -
of
Congress
THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, JULY 6, 1988
L
A9
camps. The Buffalo battalion Is used to-
lap: Cubans Now a Factor
gether with the white paratroops to
pursue infiltrators back Into Angola.
ANGOLA
Technically, these units are part of
the South-West Africa Territorial
nent each other. The role of tracking
rica after they lost out in their attempt
Force and not part of the South African
nd attacking the guerrilla teams,
to gain control of Angola in the civil
Army. However, they are commanded
CALUEQUE
ZAMBIA
/hich are made up of 6 to 30 men, is
by South African Army officers.
DAM
OVAMBOLAND
war following Portugal's withdrawal
sually left to the black battalions, sup-
from its African colonies in 1975. A
A fourth unit, not belonging to the
orted by white paratroops, who para-
third unit, the 201st Battalion, is made
army, the Southwest African Terri-
Oshakati
hute behind any guerrilla located SO
torial Police, nicknamed the Crowbars,
Ondangua
CAPRIVI
up of Bushmen from the Caprivi Strip,
STRIP
S to block their escape back to their
South-West Africa's narrow northeast-
is also used against guerrillas on both
ase camps in Angola.
ern panhandle.
sides of the border. This unit, com-
SOUTH-WEST
There are three specialized black
manded by South African police offi-
Atlantic
AFRICA
BOTSWANA
nits in the army. One Is the 101st Bat-
Army Officers In Command
Ocean
cers, is also reported to be made up of
(NAMIBIA)
lion, called the Buffaloes, 'all natives
The Bushmen, who are often used as
former members of the South-West Af-
the Ovambo region. The South Af-
trackers, are usually parceled out to
rica People's Organization. The unit
SOUTH
can authorities say many are former
white South African units to help locate
has a reputation for brutality and Indis-
0 Miles 200
AFRICA
embers of the South-West Africa
guerrilla infiltrators. The 32d Battalion
criminate killing. South African offi-
The New York Times/July6, 1988
eople's Organization. Another unit is
operates almost exclusively inside An-
cers are reluctant to talk about this
South African forces use Osha-
e 32d Battalion, made up exclusively
gola, attacking guerrilla columns en
unit, but concede some friction be-
Angolans who fled to South-West Af- route to Namibia and their base
tween it and the army units.
kati as their headquarters.
ahead
THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, JULY 6, 1988
Armenians, Irate at Party Conference Results, Resume Wide Unrest
By FELICITY BARRINGER
POL.
Moscow
Miles
the delegates' speeches," the Arme-
Special to The New York Times
0
600
nian said.
Kiev
MOSCOW, July 5 - Widespread civil
impasse, with each republic relying
RUM
SOVIET UNION
Among the other issues that are
unrest began again in the southern re-
upon a different article of the Soviet
Black
spurring the dispute, according to this
public of Armenia today as strikers
Constitution to support its position.
Sea
informant, is a mysterious emission of
closed the capital's airport and many
The question of redrawing internal
TURKEY
gas in a sewing factory in a small
industrial enterprises, in pursuit of
boundaries in response to ethnic pres-
Armenian town, Massis. The incident,
their demand for the transfer of a dis-
sure is a highly charged one for the
which occurred 10 days ago, has led to
puted region in neighboring Azerbai-
Soviet authorities, who face constant
widespread rumors that toxic fumes
jan.
tensions between ethnic groups in re-
ARMENIA
The resumption of the unrest, which
Sumgait
were released by disgruntled employ-
gions from the Baltic republics to Cen-
ees.
has troubled these southern Soviet re-
tral Asia. Authorities have identified
AZERBAIJAN
publics since last fall and which wi-
Yerevan
scores of territorial disputes that could
It is not known how many of the plant
NAGORNO-
dened and turned violent in Feburary,
serve as flashpoints for ethnic strife.
workers were affected nor how severe
TURKEY
KARABAKH
appeared to reflect deep dissatisfac-
The predominantly Islamic people of
their injuries were. Izvestia spoke of
tion with the failure of the extraordi-
Azerbaijan and the predominantly
Miles
Stepanakert
Casplan
one woman "poisoned" in the incident.
nary Communist Party conference last
Christian Armenians - two groups
0
100
IRAN
See
According to a representative of
week to make progress toward resolv-
who have a history of hostility - both
Aeroflot, the Soviet national carrier,
ing the issue of the disputed territory.
consider the mountainous area with its
The New York Times/July 6, 1988
the Yerevan airport has been closed
The Soviet Government newspaper
fertile valleys an economic and cul-
Strikes closed the airport and
for at least 24 hours and no flights will
Izvestia reported tonight that the en-
tural heartland.
many busineses in Yerevan.
take off from there until Wednesday at
trance to the Yerevan airport was
blocked and the airport crowded with
Discord Becomes Violence
the earliest. The representative said
that as many passengers as possible
stranded passengers. The paper also
The sudden surge of Armenian na-
said that many industrial enterprises
stitutional dispute is worked out by
were being urged to travel by train in-
tionalism aimed at gaining control of
Soviet courts.
stead.
were shut down or working with re-
Nagorno-Karabakh was followed by
duced staffs.
anti-Armenian rioting in the Azer-
Possible solutions mentioned at a
Strikes in Regional Capital
baijani city of Sumgait, in which 32 peo-
news conference last week by an
ple died. A total of 35 people have been
Armenian representative to the special
Rebels in Uganda Release 7
Izvestia also reported continuing
killed-in the two republics since the dis-
Communist Party conference included
strikes in Stepanakert, the capital of
pute flared up more than five months
the eventual transfer of the region to
KAMPALA, Uganda, July 5 (AP) -
the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh Au-
the jurisdiction of the Russian Feder-
Rebels in northern Uganda have re-
ago.
One demand in the renewed protests,
ated Republic, the biggest of the na-
leased seven kidnapped priests and
tonomous Region.
nuns after the Roman Catholic Church
The legislature of the region, a pre-
which Izvestia said began on Sunday, is
tion's 15 republics an odd geographic
dominantly Armenian enclave within
for the chief prosecutor of the Soviet.
situation, since they are not adjacent to
met their demands for medical sup-
Union to review the court records of
each other.
plies, the Rev. Agostoni Tarcis, secre-
the territory of Azerbaijan, voted in
those convicted in the Sumgait vio-
Yet, the northwestern city of Kalinin-
tary of the church's Justice and Peace
Feburary to ask the Azerbaijani gov-
ernment to relinquish its jurisdiction
lence.
grad, which is part of the Russian re-
Commission, said today. The abduc-
over the area to neighboring Armenia.
There was widespread outrage in
public, is completely separated from
tions occurred Saturday at Amuru Mis-
In successive votes last month, the
Armenia when those responsible for
the rest of that republic by Lithuania.
sion, near the provincial capital of
Gulu, after an unsuccessful raid by the
Armenian legislature called for the
some of the Sumgait killings received
According to the Moscow-based
group, the Holy Spirit Movement, on
transfer of Nagorno-Karabakh, and the
15-year-maximum sentences.
Armenian, who asked that his name
another mission hospital for drugs.
Azerbaijani legislature overwhelm-
Another demand, according to an
not be used, the crowds that gathered
They freed their victims, all Ugandans,
ingly called for its retention as part of
Armenian resident of Moscow who
in Yerevan's opera square on Sunday
the next day, after the church handed
the Azerbaijani republic.
spoke Tuesday night with acquaint-
were upset at the failure of their dele-
over an unspecified amount of medica-
The principal spokesman for the
ances in Yerevan, was that the Pre-
gates to succeed in obtaining some
tion. The Ugandan Government is
Soviet Foreign Ministry, Gennadi I.
sidium of the Supreme Soviet, the na-
movement toward a resolution of the
fighting several rebel groups in the
Gerasimov, said last month that the
tional legislature, establish jurisdiction
issue.
northern and eastern regions of the
two votes had created a constitutional
over Nagorno-Karabakh while the con-
"They were very dissatisfied with
country.
HOTEL MERIDIEN
The very soul of France.
In the very heart of
commotion and
New York.
Discover the luxury
of a European hotel in one of
the world's greatest cities.
This ideal Manhattan address
is just minutes from theater,
At the foot of a quiet cul-de-sac-where 72nd Street, Manhattan's
concerts and shopping.
With 4-star French cuisine,
y.
finest residential street, meets the East River stands
complete fitness facilities,
rooftop pool and jogging
The Belaire Condominium. Fifty stories high, designed to
path overlooking
Central Park.
\bove all, The Belaire is a haven.
Each condominium home-from
Plus full concierge and
24-hour room service,
our spacious one and two bedroom layouts affords a panorama of glittering
valet parking and
ceiling windows in three directions.
a helpful bi-lingual staff.
Le Parker Meridien.
The best of both worlds.
Parker
KM
MERIDIEN
NEW YORK
118 W. 57th. St., N.Y., N.Y. 10019
212-245-5000
800-543-4300
'IMES
INTERNATIONAL
WEDNESDAY,
JULY
6,
1988
'L
A3
Mexicans Will Vote Today,
Calling Ballot a Watershed
ZOH
By LARRY ROHTER
Special to The New York Times
MEXICO CITY, July 5
After the
his own hand. But within his own party
most competitive and contentious
Mr. Salinas has had to fend off old-
presidential campaign in nearly half a
guard leaders who would prefer the
CARDEN
century, Mexicans are to vote Wednes-
traditional "carro completo," or clean
day in an election being described here
sweep.
as a watershed in modern Mexican his-
New doubts about the Government's
tory.
willingness to conduct an honest vote
The almost certain winner is Carlos
were raised today when the Gallup Or-
Salinas de Gortari of the Institutional
ganization announced that the Federal
Revolutionary Party, which has
Electoral Commission here, which is
triumphed in every presidential, sena-
dominated by the PRI, had told the
torial and gubernatorial election here
company's Mexican affiliate that it
VAMOS
since coming to power in 1929.
would not be permitted to conduct polls
Nevertheless, Mr. Salinas faces a
of voters leaving polling places. In a
daunting task: to win by a margin
letter to the polling group, the commis-
large enough to satisfy his partisans
sion said such polls, known as exit polls
and establish his authority but small
ISALINAS
CALOCALO
and common elsewhere, violated the
enough to convince his opponents that
Mexican Constitution's guarantee of a
the elections have been fair.
secret ballot.
Congress to Be Chosen
Campaign Picks Up
Voters will also choose all 64 mem-
bers of the Mexican Senate and all 500
Much of the excitement, uncertainty
and political pressure in the race has
members of the Chamber of Deputies.
been generated by Mr. Cárdenas, who
The extent to which the opposition
gains strength in Congress is also being
in a Gallup poll conducted here late in
Associated Press
viewed as an important test of Mr. Sali-
with posters for the coming election.
nas's ability to usher in the more demo-
cratic "modern politics" he has prom-
ised and to allow the hegemony of the
Will a result be
ited in urns.
served as President of Mexico between
PRI, as the governing party is known,
they had been de-
1934 and 1940.
to come to an end.
the advent of
lational Democratic
Unlike previous PRI presidential
Vigilance at Polls Urged
re by a citizen who
candidates, many of whom ran virtu-
n in the nearby mu-
Recent polls show that Mr. Cárdenas
ally unopposed, Mr. Salinas faces
'modern politics?
mbaro. "This is evi-
stands a good chance of taking
strong challengers both on his left and
I that is already tak-
Michoacán in Wednesday's voting, but
his right.
as said.
Mr. Arias said it would require strict
Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas of the left-
May was shown to have the support of
vigilance of the 2,204 polling booths
wing National Democratic Front and
just under a quarter of the electorate.
Mr. Cárdenas's can-
across the state's 113 municipalities.
Manuel Clouthier of the right-of-center
But three new soundings made public
larly strong here be-
mber 1986, he was
While Mexican newspapers at first
National Action Party have vigorously
in recent days indicate the Cárdenas
of the PRI as Gover-
played down the importance of the dou-
attacked the six-year economic crisis,
campaign has surged in the last four
a state 150 miles
ble slaying on instructions from the
which they say has been brought on by
weeks, picking up an additional 7 to 10
PRI policies, and have appealed to the
percent of the vote, most of it appar-
ico City which has
Government, even strong critics of the
ital. After he broke
departing administration of President
Mexican voters' hopes for a more open
ently at Mr. Salinas's expense.
Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado do not be-
and pluralistic political system.
his successor, Luis
a, purged the local
lieve that it ordered the killings.
Throughout the eight months of the
On Saturday, just hours after the
Rather, one well-placed opposition
ny of his followers.
campaign, in fact, a principal issue has
three leading candidates had officially
politician suggested that the killings
closed their campaigns with mass
been the integrity of the election pro-
S tradition runs deep
were aimed at Mr. Salinas, as well as
rallies urging their followers to insure
cess itself. Opposition parties, which
mily name is espe-
at Mr. Cárdenas, and reflected intense
the elections are conducted honestly, a
late last week signed an agreement to
symbol of national-
infighting within the PRI between old-
senior campaign aide to Mr. Cárdenas
jointly monitor the country's 55,000 or
nge. The candidate's
style political bosses and the younger
was shot dead here. Mr. Cárdenas has
so polling places Wednesday in an ef-
) Cárdenas, was also
technocrats personified by Mr. Salinas,
described the killing of the aide, Fran-
fort to prevent the irregularities that
choacán before he
who are now taking over the party.
cisco Xavier Ovando Hernández, as a
have been widespread in the past, have
"political crime," but the extent to
threatened to take to the streets if they
think fraud has occurred again.
which he may benefit from popular re-
vulsion at the slaying, and the extent to
Ambush
Over the last 10 elections, no presi-
Caribbean Sea
dential candidate of the PRI has offi-
which the ruling party may be hurt by
cially won less than 70 percent of the
it, will become apparent only as the
votes are counted.
HONDURAS
popular vote, thanks in part to the par-
ty's habit of padding real vote tallies to
For Mr. Clouthier, the election has
es of the two sides
Tegucigalpa
produce results to its liking. But most
turned into a struggle to improve the
D new meetings have
polls here indicate that Mr. Salinas will
1982 showing of his party and retain its
Both sides have ex-
have to struggle to reach the 60 percent
position as the largest force in a larger
-fire, which ended
NICARAGUA
that he and his advisers appear to have
and more diverse political opposition.
er month. But they
made their goal.
The National Action Party won 16 per-
3 each other of truce
Buenos Aires
Repeatedly, Mr. Salinas has prom-
cent of the vote in the 1982 presidential
ised "transparency" in the balloting,
election, and the majority of the many
e Defense Ministry
Managua
on the theory that to recognize opposi-
polls conducted during the campaign
e contras kidnapped
tion victories would restore credibility
show the party winning a fifth to a
9 and wounded 9. It
Pacific
Ocean
to the political system and strengthen
quarter of the vote this time.
S were killed and 31
e ministry said 15
COSTA RICA
were killed in fight-
o Miles 100
unded.
The New York Times/July 6, 1988
asserted that there
S of Nicaraguan air
The contra attack reportedly took
States Air Force
place in Buenos Aires.
ghts and contra sup-
0 are supported by
President Reagan has been briefed by
have been battling
Secretary of State George P. Shultz on
ernment since 1981.
the Secretary's trip to Central America
people have been
last week, but the President is not
nd the Government
ready to decide whether to
6, 1988
NYT 6 Juy 88
ers
News Summary
A Funeral
dent
Marks Eve
International
A2-11
Of Election
Compensation to the families of those
Frankfurt, West Germany. Mo-
:mpt to raise
some of the
killed when an Iran Air jetliner was
hammed All Hamadel is charged
and conser-
shot down Is being considered by the
with hijacking an American jetliner
all taxation
Reagan Administration to resolve a
and murdering a Navy diver.
A7
By ALAN RIDING
potential legal dispute with Iran with-
Special to The New York Times
ontent of our
out admitting fault.
Page AI
Civil unrest began again In Armenia
MORELIA, Mexico, July 5 - A S
that we de-
as strikers closed the airport and in-
longtime aide to the leading opposi
g the tradi-
A distant military aircraft signal
dustrial enterprises in Yerevan, the
presidential candidate was burled h
Mr. Cerezo
may have been picked up by a Navy
Soviet republic's capital, demanding
today, on the eve of the election, to
enlor army
warship and attributed erroneoulsy
the transfer of a disputed region in
salute of angry anti-Government c
0 overthrow
to the Iranian jetliner it was tracking,
neighboring Azerbaijan.
A6
and an emotional rendering of the
i what they
Navy briefers are said to have told
tional anthem.
Congressional leaders.
Al
in the past.
Mexicans vote for President today in
The candidate, Cuauhtémoc Cá
they had to
an election that is been described as a
nas, the flag bearer of a leftist coali
S at lower
Iran wanted a direct dialogue with
watershed in modern Mexican histo-
who until two years ago was a mem
Washington and sent notes through
ry. Carlos Salinas de Gortari, the can-
of the Government party, stood bes
nore than a
third parties before the passenger jet
didate of the Instutional Revolution-
the sobbing family of the aide, F
have been
was shot down, Secretary of State
ary Party, is favored to win.
A3
cisco Xavier Ovando Hernández, as
disciplined.
George Shultz said. He said the
coffin was lowered into the ground.
fled the offi-
United States responded positively.
Slain opposition aide buried on
"Xavier has fallen because he
A1
vored com-
eve of Mexican vote
A3
fighting for Mexico to have a true
en no major
authentic democracy," Mr. Cárde
Differences in Iran's response to the
downing of the passenger jet seem to
Top Guatemalan Army officers have
told a crowd of some 2,000 mourn
e high com-
been given freedom to set security
"He died because he dreamed of a
have appeared among Iranian lead-
ers. Some advocate a diplomatic of-
policies by President Vinicio Cerezo.
ter, an independent and a free Mex
coup under-
After suppressing a coup attempt,
And you should all know that we
to the mili-
fensive; others are encouraging at-
ral steps in-
tacks on American interests.
A10
senior officers appear to have solidi-
continue fighting for his ideas."
as not plan-
fied an alliance with Mr. Cerezo. A2
Ruling Party Is Blamed
changes in
A tale of two U.S. Navy skippers,
The Government as well as the pr
damned whatever they do
All
Management problems at UNESCO
dential candidate of the Governm
it the open-
remain, diplomats say. Critics say
party have condemned the killing
issy, which
Seoul is taking precautions against
that the new director, Frederico
Mr. Ovando, who was found dead, al
possible terrorist attacks at the Sum-
Mayor Zargoza, has been too timid in
with an assistant, Román Gil Herald
mer Olympics. Officials say they
asserting his authority and instituting
soon after leaving a political meet
IS
have no direct evidence that attacks
administrative changes.
A4
in Mexico City late Saturday. The
are planned, but they say they cannot
lice have promised a full investigati
ignore the threat.
Al
Nicaragua says rebels killed 12
But, while unable to point to spec
in ambush
A3
suspects, Mr. Cárdenas and lead
A hijacking and murder trial opened
Cubans become a factor in
members of his National Democra
in a high-security courtroom in
Namibian war
A9
Front have blamed what they
"reactionary and retrograde" sect
of the ruling Institutional Revoluti
mbassy of a
National
ary Party for the killing.
Guatemala,
A12-17, A24, D20-21
Most newspapers and television
luled visit of
tions referred to Mr. Ovando's death
n the Soviet
a "homicide" rather than an "assas
Edwin Meese 3d said he would resign
nation," the term used by Mr. Cár
this summer as Attorney General, as-
front of the
Quotation of the Day
nas and his staff. Excelsior, the lead
serting that he had been "completely
newspaper in the capital, ran its arti
ress agency
vindicated" by the final report on his
dent of the
"I have determined over the
on its inside pages, and treated the k
conduct from an independent prose-
na received
cutor, James McKay.
Al
course of a few weeks here that
ing more as a matter for the pol
nent said it
it would be advantageous for
blotter than a politically explos
event.
curity of re-
News analysis: Mr. Meese appeared
me to return to private life be-
ency. Both
In contrast, statements by the G
to embody the spirit of the Reagan
fore the administration ends."
ernment and the ruling party decry
Administration at the start of the
Attorney General
1 a bomb at-
President's first term. He has be-
Edwin Meese 3d.
attributed to
come a symbol of the Administra-
of a Social-
[A1:6.]
tion's problems in its final months.
weekly, La
AI
Nicaragua Rep
illated with
An Inerease in the minimum wage
frequent as
seems headed for passage in a form
Politics
A14-15
nments, are
MANAGUA, Nicaragua, July 5 (AB
that President Reagan may find im-
1, an organ-
- The Defense Ministry said toda
possible to veto, according to Con-
ialist Party,
that contras killed five soldiers an
gressional aides and lobbyists.
Al
The relative wealth of the candidates
1 Tobar, was
seven civilians Monday in what
for President has become an issue.
wn of Coate-
called the worst attack since a ceas
Illegal allens are feeling effects of the
Michael Dukakis, who plays on the
vas an advo-
fire was signed in March.
1986 immigration law. With their em-
perception that George Bush is
on, had re-
ployers now facing punishment, tens
wealthier, is more affluent than his
Newspapers quoted the Defens
:mala after
of thousands of aliens who did not
financial habits would suggest. Al
Ministry as saying the rebels an
bushed a Soviet-made jeep and a ml
apply or qualify for amnesty have
tary truck full of Government troop
lost their jobs.
A1
In his search for a running mate, Mi-
and civilians.
chael Dukakis met with Richard Gep-
The reports said the rebels, usin
All major market averages climbed
hardt and Albert Gore, two former
anti-tank mines, rifles and grenad
to their highest levels since the stock
rivals for the Democratic Presiden-
launchers, attacked the vehicles in th
market crash in October. The 30-
tial nomination.
A14
village of Buenos Aires, about 135 mile
stock Dow industrial average ad-
east of Managua, the capital.
vanced 27.03 points, to 2,158.61. Trad-
Jackson leads poll for vice presi-
The Defense Ministry said two civi
ing was relatively light.
DI
dential choice
A14
A Texas real estate promoter who
Corr
built a fortune of $500 million was
found dead in the Harris County jail,
Washington Talk
A16
an apparent suicide. J.R. McConnell
An article in Business Day yester
was due to go on trial in Federal court
Top Soviet military leader opens
day about this week's planned issue
on charges of fraud.
A12
in the credit markets misidentified
U.S. visit today
the issuer of a $290 million offering 0
preferred stock through Kidder, Pea
body. It is the General Electric Com
Regional
pany, not GTE Capital Corporation.
A22
L
THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, JULY 6, 1988
Letters
ARTHUR OCH8 SULZBERGER, Publisher
ARTHUR OCH8 SULZBERGER JR., Deputy Publisher
MAX FRANKEL, Executive Editor
ARTHUR GELB, Managing Editor
Long-Term-Care B
JAMES L. GREENFIELD, Assistant Managing Editor
The New York Times
WARREN HOGE, Assistant Managing Editor
JOHN M. LEE, Assistant Managing Editor
To the Editor:
main
ALLAN M. SIEGAL, Assistant Managing Editor
It is ironic that "Aid to Elderly Di-
could
vides Young, Old and Politicians"
prove
Founded in 1851
JACK ROSENTHAL, Editorial Page Editor
(Washington Talk page, June 23)
illnes
LESLIE H. GELB, Deputy Editorial Page Editor
points to the recent defeat of my long-
that
ADOLPH S. OCHS, Publisher 1896-1935
LANCE R. PRIMIS, President
term home-health-care bill as an indi-
denie
ARTHUR HAYS SULZBERGER, Publisher 1935-1961
cator of growing resentment of in-
their
ORVIL E. DRYFOOS, Publisher 1961-1963
J.A. RIGGS JR., Exec. V.P., Production
HOWARD BISHOW, Sr. V.P., Operations
creasing Federal benefits for the eld-
askin
RUSSELL T. LEWIS, Sr. V.P., Production
erly. You missed the point. Amer-
equa
ERICH G. LINKER JR., Sr. V.P., Advertising
icans of all ages would have been eli-
from
JOHN M. O'BRIEN, Sr. V.P., Finance & Human Resources
gible for coverage under my long-
I w
ELISE J. ROSS, Sr. V.P., Systems
term home-health-care bill - not just
the
the elderly.
the e
While about two-thirds of the more
for e
than 1 million Americans who go
penn
bankrupt annually because of the
Also,
costs of long-term illnesses are eld-
prog
erly, one-third are middle-aged and
long
younger Americans, who should be
fails
Why the U.S. Navy Is in the Gulf
eligible for the benefits as well.
of la
"House members said," you re-
care
port, that "the elderly should allow
coun
Congress to address the pressing
strop
The Vincennes' attack on the Iranian airliner
which Iraq attacks Iranian oil tankers, deterring
needs of others." But a recent Lou
Yo
left 290 civilians dead. What cause can justify the
Iran's usual response of attacking neutral shipping.
Harris poll found that 8 of 10 Amer-
conce
risk of so appalling an accident? It surely occasions
Iraq's dominance at sea was a necessary advantage
icans of all ages wanted Congress to
the
a reexamination of the Navy's activities in the
when it was slowly losing the ground war. Despite
enact a bill like mine to help all the
need
Persian Gulf and the goals of American policy.
Iraq's recent stunning recapture of the Fao penin-
chronically ill young and old. Ac-
Ame
The Administration has repeatedly confused
sula, it can still lose.
cording to the Harris poll, the highest
and
the issue by saying the Navy's mission is to assure
The Navy is not alone. America's leadership
percentage of support for my bill
prog
came from those 18 to 29 years old
gram
freedom of navigation. This profession of neutrality
has been quietly supported by the gulf states and by
90 percent of those in this category
icans
is the thinnest of diplomatic fig leaves. In practice,
Western countries that have dispatched their own
supported Federal provision of long-
durin
the Navy does not prevent Iraqi attack on ships
warships. None in this broad coalition have excori-
term care for the chronically ill. This
longt
visiting Iran. America tilts toward Iraq, and for
ated the United States for the Airbus tragedy.
comes as no surprise to me, for as I
to av
good reason.
American diplomacy seeks peace through the
travel across the country, young peo-
catas
The goal is a negotiated end to the war, with vic-
United Nations. These efforts are at an impasse:
ple frequently come up to me and say,
No
tory for neither side. This outcome is resisted by
the Soviet Union and China refuse to join an arms
"Thank you Mr. Pepper for helping
priva
Iran, not Iraq. For the United States and others, one
embargo against Iran.
us to help our parents."
for A
of the few ways to induce Iran to change its mind is
Despite this obstacle, American force and di-
Some House members, you say,
poll
to place its vital oil resources in jeopardy. Thus
plomacy have successfully restrained and isolated
America's purpose in the gulf, fortunately, is more
Iran. The Airbus tragedy does not alter the validity
coherent than are many of its spokesmen.
of that strategy, or the Navy's role in it. Besides,
Rail Links Could Ease Ai
what is the alternative? For the U.S., wringing its
hands, to withdraw all or most of its forces from the
To the Editor:
An Iranian victory, remote as it may seem at
gulf would be a catastrophe. Iran would be relieved
Re "Aviation Experts Warn of Grid-
the moment, would give renewed momentum to Te-
of the mounting pressures to stop fighting and start
lock at U.S. Airports" (front page,
heran's unsettling Islamic fundamentalism. It could
negotiating, and American credibility would plum-
June 19): Before this country begins
allow the mullahs to dominate the gulf and its oil.
met among nations that now depend on its leader-
to pave over what's left of the country-
This prospect seemed imminent after Iran's ground
ship in containing Iran.
side, an alternative must be examined.
campaigns of 1986 and 1987 in which it captured
The proportionate response to the accident is
In the last decade, faced with simi-
Iraq's Fao peninsula. Iran also started to menace
first to determine the facts, and then to explain to
lar problems of overcrowded air-
ports, Germany and Switzerland de-
Kuwait, Iraq's neighbor and pivotal supporter. Had
Iran and the world how it happened. Reparations,
cided to integrate their intercity rail
Kuwait been intimidated, Iraq would have been
which imply guilt, will most likely be inappropriate,
systems with major airports at
pushed closer to disastrous collapse.
but compensation for the victims would probably be
Frankfurt, Geneva and Zurich, using
The United States became directly involved
a just and conciliatory gesture, and a humane way
rail service to distribute passengers
when Kuwait sought protection for its threatened
to demonstrate shared grief.
to smaller cities, thus reducing air-
shipping. The Navy increased its forces in the gulf
A negotiated end to the Iran-Iraq war serves al-
port congestion caused by connecting
to protect American-flagged Kuwaiti tankers - a
flights. The outlying railway stations
<<<<<<<
most all interests save that of the hate-mongering
service now extended to all NATO and neutral ship-
mullahs in Teheran. One accident, however horrify-
became distant air terminals, permit-
ping. The Navy's presence reassures Arab states in
ting passengers to reserve seats and
ing, is no reason for changing that goal or the means
check baggage through their flight,
the gulf. It also serves, in effect, as a shield behind
America has chosen to achieve it.
with the trains delivering them di-
rectly to the airport.
The potential to reduce the number
a mer
or planes United States-airports
jected
Mr. Meese Judges Mr. Meese
by this approach is enormous. At De-
to me
troit's Metropolitan Airport, for ex-
delays
ample, nearly 25 percent of the daily
constr
Satisfied that he will not be indicted, Edwin
regrettably, is that even now Mr. Meese still claims
flights are connections with cities
sideral
Meese has decided to resign as Attorney General.
not to see the ethical issue. He still contends that his
within 120 miles, little more than two
that W
Even though he hasn't seen the just-completed re-
fitness could be challenged only if he were indicted.
hours away by rail. Across the United
Befo
port of the independent counsel who investigated
His performance was badly flawed. He bungled
States, thousands of takeoffs and
on a
landings each day are this type of
state
him for a year, Mr. Meese said yesterday that he is
the Iran-contra investigation, giving Oliver North
service, all of it contributing to the
eration
certain of vindication. He thus clings to the wrong
the time he needed to shred documents. He let his
developing problem.
airpor
standard even as he rightly declines to cling to of-
friend Robert Wallach manipulate the machinery of
Most major airports in this country
grated
fice until the bitter end.
Government for a Middle East pipeline project, a
have rail lines adjacent to or near
ports.
Mr. Meese's tenure as the top law officer thus is
legal and political abuse whatever the independent
their property. The cost of building
CI
framed by two special-prosecutor reports. The first
counsel concludes about its criminality.
connections and improving tracks, as
enabled the Senate in 1985 to confirm his nomina-
He led the President into the disastrous choice
well as costs for equipment, would be
Au
tion knowing that his detractors had not shown him
of Judge Douglas Ginsburg for the Supreme Court.
to be a crook, even though he was subject to ethical
He his wife for writing a Federal
Non
Massachusetts Gov. Michael S.
By Ruth Marcus
By Lou Cannon and Bill McAllister
Dukakis, the prospective Demo-
Washington Post Staff Writer
Washington Post Staff Writers
cratic presidential nominee, said in
Attorney General Edwin Mee
The surprise resignation of At-
Boston that Meese's resignation
III, declaring that he was "col
torney General Edwin Meese III
was "long overdue" but that, "by
pletely vindicated" by the decisi
removed a major political liability
itself, it is not going to solve this
of independent counsel James
for the Reagan administration and
administration's problems with eth-
McKay to conclude his 14-mor
Vice President Bush's presidential
ics in government." Democratic
investigation without bringing crl
campaign, friends of the president
candidate Jesse L. Jackson, in New
inal charges, announced yester
and Republican political sources
York, expressed a similar view, say-
that he plans to resign by early
said yesterday.
ing that Meese was "just another
gust.
Former White House political
chapter in a rising sleaze factor in
Meese made the surprise
director Edward J. Rollins said the
the Reagan administration."
nouncement on the day McKay fil
resignation is "good for Bush" be-
But there was no attempt in the
under seal with a special thr
cause it makes the ethics issues
Bush camp to hide the joy and relief
judge court here an 830-page
raised about Meese "a historical is-
at Meese's resignation. "Ed did the
port outlining the findings of
sue rather than a day-to-day issue."
right thing, and I wish him well,"
investigation and his reasons for
Longtime Reagan adviser Stuart K.
the vice president said in a laconic
seeking an indictment.
Spencer said in California, "Meese's
The report is not expected to
statement.
resignation takes the issue off the
Bush strategist Robert Teeter
released publicly for at least an
table. Of course, it's good for Bush."
and Peter Teeley, the vice presi-
er week, until after Meese and
White House officials, speaking
lawyers have had a chance to
dent's former press secretary, were
on condition of anonymity, said the
view it and file their respo
already on record as saying that
resignation also could prove helpful
Meese was a liability for Bush's
Meese said yesterday that ner
to President Reagan. In public ap-
he nor his lawyers have read it.
pearances during his last year in
campaign. Former White House
chief of staff Howard H. Baker Jr.,
Speaking at a news conferen
office, the president has been dog-
Sacramento after reviewing a
who returned to private life last
ged by questions about Meese, the
on a nearby marijuana planta
"sleaze factor" and various ethical
week, had also said publicly that
Meese said he was "gratified by
Meese's legal difficulties were hurt-
issues.
result, but not surprised. I
"It enables us to look forward,"
ing Republican prospects.
from the beginning of this inv
said an official. "It gives us a chance
While this view was widely
BY MOLINA THE SACHAMENTO BEE
gation that my conduct has bee
to appoint a 'Mr. Clean' or 'Mrs.
shared in GOP circles, there was
See REACT, A6, Col. 1
Attorney General Meese on probe: "gratified by this result, but not surprised."
all times, lawful, and that if
Clean.'
Bush Favors
Jun
Reagan Apolog
Non-Nuclear
For Downing
Arms Talks
Tehran Official Cautions
Vice President Doubts
Against Hasty Revenge
Strategic Arms Treaty
By Edward Cody
Washington Post Foreign Service
Will Be Reached Soon
DUBAI, United Arab Emirates, July 5-
Iran's military commander, Ali Akbar Ha-
shemi Rafsanjani, cautioned his nation's lead-
By David Hoffman
Jashington Post Staff Writer
ers today not to seek swift revenge against
the United States for the shooting down of an
Vice President Bush, setting out
Iranian passenger plane Sunday.
his priorities for arms control, said
In his appeal, broadcast by Tehran radio,
yesterday he would goose up the
Rafsanjani suggested that Iran has more to
attention" to negotiations aimed at
gain by keeping international sympathy on its
reducing the level of conventional
side while condemnations rain down on the
or non-nuclear forces in Europe,
United States over the action that Iranian
and said he is pessimistic about a
authorities say took the lives of 290 civilian
quick resolution of the strategic
passengers and crew members.
arms talks with the Soviet Union.
The caution from Iran's number two leader
In an interview with editors and
contrasted with previous calls for revenge
reporters of The Washington Post,
and all-out warfare from the country's other
the prospective Republican pres-
top officials. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini,
idential nominee suggested that he
the overall leader of the Islamic Revolution,
would take a different approach
said yesterday that Iranians should "rush to
than President Reagan, who made
all fronts for a full-fledged war against Amer-
no headway on conventional arms
ica and its arrogance."
reductions and has focused this year
Rafsanjani, who was addressing the parlia-
on advancing the strategic weapons
UNITED
ment, also became the first Iranian leader to
talks before he leaves office.
Helicopter from frigate USS Sides patrols the Persian Gulf two days after Iran jet was downed.
declare in reported remarks that the Iran Air
Bush said his approach of empha-
A300 Airbus could have been shot down by
sizing the conventional forces would
be "very reassuring" to Western
Pilots Question Threat Posed by F14
mistake, as the United States has contended.
He said the downing was probably "a calcu-
European leaders who have ex-
lated plot," but added that even if it was an
pressed concern about further cuts
accident, the United States deserves blame
in nuclear weapons without first
Warplane Designed to Attack Air Targets, Not Ships
for the bloodshed.
addressing the large Warsaw Pact
Previous Iranian declarations relayed
numerical advantage in convention-
al forces.
abroad by the official radio and news agency,
pecially at a distance of nine miles, where
as well as comments from Iranian diplomats
"That isn't to say I'd call back the
By George C. Wilson
the F14's air-to-air missiles and 20 mm
negotiators and stop on START,"
in the Persian Gulf, have insisted the USS
W shungton Staff Writer
cannon would be out of lethal range.
Vincennes fired its surface-to-air missiles at
Bush said, referring to the strategic
Veteran Navy pilots yesterday chal-
Capt. Will Rogers III of the Vincennes
arms talks, "but I would certainly
the civilian airliner on purpose. The Pentagon
think that we'd want to put more
lenged the Defense Department's assertion
ordered two Standard missiles fired at the
has said the ship's commander acted in the
that an Iranian F14 jet poses such a grave
approaching plane when it was nine miles
emphasis on conventional force re-
belief that his vessel was in danger from an
threat to U.S. warships that a skipper
away and visible only as a blip on a radar
ductions."
F14 fighter.
On the Persian Gulf, Bush said
would be justified in shooting it down at
screen, according to the Pentagon. Adm.
IA team of SIX U.S. Navy experts, headed
that despite the downing of the
long range as happened Sunday in the Per-
William J. Crowe Jr., chairman of the Joint
by Rear Adm. William N. Fogarty, arrived in
stan Gulf when the USS Vincennes appar-
Chiefs of Staff, said Sunday that at least
Iranian aircraft and resulting ques-
Bahrain on Tuesday to investigate the inci-
tions about the U.S. role there, he
ently mistook a civilian airliner for an F14
one missile hit the Airbus when It was SIX
dent, Reuter reported.
believes that U.S. military forces
and blew it out of the sky.
miles from the Vincennes.
Ilran's ambassador to the United Nations,
must remain in the region at least
"So what was the big threat to his ship?"
Yesterday, the Pentagon said electronic
Mohammed Jaafar Mahallati, requested an
until the end of the Iran-Iraq war,
asked one F14 pilot. He said neither the
data from another U.S. warship in the Per-
urgent meeting of the Security Council to
when the naval buildup could be
weapons an Iraman F14 carries nor the
sian Gulf indicate that the Iran Air jet may
See IRAN, A14, Col. 1
scaled back.
flight path posed a life-or-death threat to a
have been at 12,600 feet when it was hit by
See BUSH, A4, Col. 1
9,600-ton ship such as the Vincennes, es-
See JET, A14, Col. 4
Pentagon says The Post "was mistaken" on in
THE WASHINGTON POST
A4 WEDNESDAY, JULY 6, 1988
Bush Says He Would Focus on Conventional Arms Cuts in Europe
proved evidence that somebody has
ruption, make people pay the price.
ing into the fray and wearing all this
Long an advocate of military aid
BUSH, From A1
violated a public trust, I don't think
White-collar crime is just as bad as
ethics on the sleeve," he said.
to the Nicaraguan rebels, Bush said
The vice president described his
"I'm a little skeptical" about Con-
We will always have a mission in
anybody's more offended by it."
some kind of street crime or some-
Frequently criticized by Demo-
thing of that nature. Say these
more aggressive attacks recently
gress approving any more, but
the gulf," he said. "We always have
had, will always continue to have as
crats for the ethical lapses of the
things. Get a code that sets as high
against Dukakis as "a winner and
vowed to remain supportive of the
far as I'm concerned." Bush added,
Reagan years, Bush was asked
a standard as you can, but not then
said, "I will set the record straight
contras and to push in other ways
"We have to have the presence,
about his announced intention to
conclude that everything is so per-
and then the surrogates will do
for democracy in Nicaragua.
sometimes sporadic, sometimes
publish a code of ethics if elected
fect that you're not going to have
most of the heavy lifting." Bush, a
Questioned about his choice of a
and whether it would prevent re-
venality of man. I mean, it just isn't
Yale graduate, defended his asser-
running mate, Bush said it was a
quasi-permanent as we are now. We
have to keep the straits open. We
cent abuses.
going to work that way."
tion in a recent speech that the Du-
decision he will "make with only
"Absolutely nothing is going to
Bush said he had a "broad defin-
kakis foreign policy views were
myself, not even Barbara knowing
have to show the flag there. We
prevent" ethical lapses, he said. "I
born in "Harvard Yard's boutique."
what I decide." In addition to a vice
have enormous interest in terms of
ition" of what kind of acts would be
don't think you're going to ever
unacceptable. "Betrayal of the pub-
"Do you know who understands
president prepared to take over,
our energy base." Bush also said the
United States has an interest in the
legislate the kind of moral stan-
lic trust," he said. "And I don't know
exactly what I said?" Bush asked the
Bush said he would want a nominee
dards that I hope this public service
editors and reporters. "Henry Kiss-
who would serve as he did.
stability of moderate Arab states in
any better way to put it than that."
deserves.
Interviewed before yesterday's
inger. He taught there."
"I think there has to be some-
the region, "so the concept that we
compatibility
-
someday can pull our presence out,
"I don't think a code can do that,"
announcement that Attorney Gen-
Bush said he might reconsider his
he said. "You've
he said. "I'm not about to prejudge
eral Edwin Meese III was resigning,
use of Brookline, Mass., where Du-
got to have somebody who can, who
just don't agree with that.'
what happens in this defense scan-
Bush noted that he had tried not to
kakis lives, as a metaphor for lib-
would be supportive and not be out
Bush said the U.S. presence
dal," he added. "Speak out against
prejudge Meese. "I'm a little more
eralism, but he insisted, "the man is
there shooting at the president's
"should not be deterred" by the mis-
it, say it's bad, ferret out the cor-
cautious I think than some in jump-
a very liberal Democrat."
agenda
taken downing of the Iranian civil-
ian airliner in which 290 people
died. Bush also said he would seek
out "people we can deal with in Iran
that would be something more mod-
erate than the radicals that control
the situation today
In emphasizing the arms control
talks on conventional forces, Bush
appears to be preparing for the fall
campaign against the prospective
T.H.
Mandy
Democratic nominee, Massachu-
setts Gov. Michael S. Dukakis, who
has called for a new effort at mod-
ernizing conventional forces. Du-
kakis said in an interview published
Sunday in The Baltimore Sun that
the price tag for this effort could be
$3 billion over four or five years,
which he described as needed for
"basic stuff" such as troop supplies
and better weapons.
While both candidates have said
the next president should devote
more attention to conventional
FOUR DAYS ONI
forces, they differ on other arms
control issues, particularly on nu-
clear weapons systems and philos-
ophy.
Reminded that the Reagan ad-
TODAY THROUGH SATURDAY, JULY 6
ministration has put conventional
force reductions on the "back burn-
er," Bush said, "I'm talking about
what I would do as president." If
elected, he said, "I will goose up the
attention to the conventional force
reduction and that's what I think is
called for, and if we can get a
Take an ADDITIONAL
START agreement that is a good
one, that answers the questions
that are out there, so much the bet-
ter, but I'm not convinced that that
will happen before the president
leaves office."
While Bush did not explicitly call
for a more cautious approach to the
strategic weapons talks, an adviser,
who asked not to be identified, said
this may be inevitable for the next
president, given the uneasiness of
Western Europe and technical prob-
lems in verification.
Another reason, the adviser said,
is the unresolved question of how
the United States will deploy land-
based nuclear missiles such as the
MX or Midgetman. The Reagan
administration has been struggling
to deal with a years-long controver-
sy over basing the MX. The current
40%
plan calls for putting the missiles on
rail cars on military reservations.
Dukakis has said he opposes both
the MX and Midgetman but would
leave the door open to a possible
new missile; Bush said he supports
both weapons but has not publically
addressed the basing controversy.
More fundamentally, Bush advo-
cates the philosophy that the Unit-
ed States must continue to build
and modernize its nuclear arsenal,
entire stock of
while Dukakis has said the existing
In emphasizing the arms control
talks on conventional forces, Bush
appears to be preparing for the fall
campaign against the prospective
T.H.
Democratic nominee, Massachu-
setts Gov. Michael S. Dukakis, who
has called for a new effort at mod-
ernizing conventional forces. Du-
kakis said in an interview published
Sunday in The Baltimore Sun that
the price tag for this effort could be
$3 billion over four or five years,
which he described as needed for
"basic stuff" such as troop supplies
and better weapons.
While both candidates have said
the next president should devote
more attention to conventional
FOUR DAYS ON
forces, they differ on other arms
control issues, particularly on nu-
clear weapons systems and philos-
ophy.
Reminded that the Reagan ad-
TODAY THROUGH SATURDAY, JULY
6
ministration has put conventional
force reductions on the "back burn-
er," Bush said, "I'm talking about
what I would do as president." If
elected, he said, "I will goose up the
attention to the conventional force
reduction and that's what I think is
called for, and if we can get a
Take an ADDITIONAL
START agreement that is a good
one, that answers the questions
that are out there, so much the bet-
ter, but I'm not convinced that that
will happen before the president
leaves office."
While Bush did not explicitly call
for a more cautious approach to the
strategic weapons talks, an adviser,
who asked not to be identified, said
this may be inevitable for the next
president, given the uneasiness of
Western Europe and technical prob-
lems in verification.
Another reason, the adviser said,
is the unresolved question of how
the United States will deploy land-
based nuclear missiles such as the
MX or Midgetman. The Reagan
administration has been struggling
to deal with a years-long controver-
sy over basing the MX. The current
10%
plan calls for putting the missiles on
rail cars on military reservations.
Dukakis has said he opposes both
the MX and Midgetman but would
leave the door open to a possible
new missile; Bush said he supports
both weapons but has not publically
addressed the basing controversy.
More fundamentally, Bush advo-
cates the philosophy that the Unit-
ed States must continue to build
and modernize its nuclear arsenal,
while Dukakis has said the existing
entire stock of
nuclear deterrent is sufficient. Du-
kakis also opposes Reagan's pro-
posed anti-missile defense system,
the Strategic Defense Initiative,
which Bush has supported.
clearance merchandis
Bush said yesterday he would
"continue to research" SDI and that
it "need not be a block to progress"
in arms control talks. He said critics
who predicted that SDI would be-
come such a roadblock were proven
wrong when the superpowers
LOOK FOR THE ADDITIONAL 40% SIGNS AND
reached agreement last year on the
intermediate-range missile treaty.
Bush repeated his opposition. to
early deployment of SDI, but said
BLOUSES
PANTS
SKIRTS
SUITS
he found "some appeal" in the sug-
gestion of Senate Armed Services
chairman Sam Nunn (D-Ga.) that a
study be made of eventually deploy-
ing a limited system on the ground,
TH Mandy
JACKETS
TEE SHIRTS
DRESSES
instead of a space shield aimed at
total protection. The goal of Nunn's
138-701-012-5
ACCESSORIES
JEWELRY
(concept is to guard against acciden-
tal enemy missile launch.
128-701-012-5
"Some day we have to make a
deployment decision," Bush said.
59
637
And then we run into real mega-
with
bucks. We haven't crossed that
10
33
T.H. MANDY ORIGINAL PRICE:
bridge. What do you give then in
02630
order to get?"
12
On ethics in government, Bush
SIZE
T.H. MANDY SALE PRICE:
said that he believes most people in
$37.00
public service are honorable but
COMPARE
when presented with evidence,
OUR
$29.00
LESS ADDITIONAL 40%:
PRICE
Prepareforthe
YOUR FINAL COST:
A16
L
THE NEW YORK TIMES WASHINGTON TALK WEDNESDAY, JULY 6,
The Military
Br
Top Soviet Commander
Франция
Co
Plans 6-Day U.S. Tour
a taste
Я ДЕРТЕМЕ
ДЕРЖЯВЬ
heads
By MICHAEL R. GORDON
Admiral Crowe. The admiral, who
Special to The New York Times
has never been to the Soviet Union,
WASHINGTON, July 5 - In the
will make a reciprocal visit at a time
Genti
to be determined.
summit meeting here last December,
Just what will come of all this ap-
Even
Marshal Sergei F. Akhromeyev, the
top military officer in the Soviet
pears to be unclear to both sides, al-
ЯДЕРНЫЕ
tional
Union, told American officials that
though the developing relationship
the Wh
the two most important events in his
between the Soviet marshal and Ad-
In the
life were the siege of Leningrad and
miral Crowe seems to be one of
Popadi
the signing of the new pact banning
mutual respect.
whose
medium- and shorter-range land-
"Let's face it, we're groping," Ad-
curity
based missiles.
miral Crowe told a group of reporters
most
The events appear to symbolize two
last week. "My general attitude is
phone
distinct aspects of the marshal's ca-
that we are wary, but given the
Fitzwa
reer: the tough professional soldier
changes that are taking place in the
Iraniar
who joined the armed forces at the
Soviet Union we would be negligent if
calls ha
age of 17 and the man who has played
we did not explore it."
five or
a pivotal role in improving American-
Soviet relations as an influential ad-
Exchanges Termed Infrequent
On S
viser to Mikhail S. Gorbachev, the
Experts in and out of the miltary
water,
Soviet leader.
have long seen merit in establishing a
conver
On Wednesday, Marshal Akhro-
dialogue between Soviet and Amer-
to both
meyev will assume both roles as he
ican military leaders to reduce the
begins a six-day tour of the United
potential for miscalcuation about
The
States that will take him to American
each's side intentions. But exchanges
with th
military facilities, an aircraft carri-
have been infrequent, according to a
said, W
er, the Alamo, an Indian reservation,
paper by Col. Wade J. Williams of the
C.Ф.AXPOMEEB
them
the University of Oklahoma and the
Defense Intelligence Agency.
Council on Foreign Relations. It will
Reuters
the day
In 1956 Gen. Nathan F. Twining,
Marshal Sergei F. Akhromeyev, the Soviet Union's top military officer,
"Ro
then the Air Force Chief of Staff, vis-
think
ited the Soviet Union as a guest of
at a news conference last January on a Soviet arms reduction plan.
you do
Marshal Georgi K. Zhukov, then the
anymo
It is the first
Soviet Defense Minister. But no recip-
rocal visit was made.
In 1975 two Soviet destroyers vis-
visit Cuba, Tass, the official Soviet
On Sunday the marshal will visit
extended visit by a
Movi
ited Boston and two American de-
news agency, said today.
Ellsworth Air Force Base in South
stroyers visited Leningrad, a type of
Admiral Crowe said the Pentagon
Dakota, where he will inspect a new
Just
Russian military
exchange that the two sides may now
had worked out an arrangement that
B1-B bomber and observe an exercise
works
renew, according to Admiral Crowe.
will give the marshal an opportunity
in which the bombers are alerted for
ferenc
leader.
The American and Soviet military
to speak with a wide variety of Amer-
a possible attack. He will also visit a
Soviet
commanders in Europe also carried
ican military officials and citizens
training facility for Air Force officers
States,
out exchange visits in the 1970's. And
and will also indulge his interest in
who would launch land-based mis-
Smiths
American and Soviet Navy officials
the American West.
siles if the United States was under
last nig
have met annually since 1972, when
Visit to Aircraft Carrier
attack. And he is scheduled to take a
which
be the first extended official visit to
the two sides signed an agreement
helicopter tour of Mount Rushmore.
On Thursday Marshal Akhromeyev
old.
the United States by a top Soviet mili-
designed to prevent unintended con-
Before leaving the United States
tary officer.
frontations at sea.
is to observe a Marine Corps exercise
the marshal is to address the Council
Direc
Marshal Akhromeyev is also sched-
at Camp Lejeune, N.C., and eat lunch
of Foreign Relations in New York and
of the S
uled to meet with Adm. William J.
Rare High-Level Exchanges
with troops in the field. Then he plans
give a farewell news conference.
garded
Crowe Jr., the Chairman of the Joint
to visit an aircraft carrier, the U.S.S.
Chiefs of Staff, to discuss ways to de-
Contacts at the highest military
Unlike his counterparts in the
played
Theodore Roosevelt, where he will ob-
level have been rare.
American military, Marshal Akhro-
it was
fuse incidents in which American and
serve an air show. After leaving the
Soviet forces bump up against each
Gen. David C. Jones, a former
meyev played an influential role in
special
carrier in a plane that will be cata-
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff,
arms control talks at the Reykjavik,
Film F
other around the world. They are also
pulted from the carrier deck, he will
expected to discuss the balance of
met with Marshal Nikolai V. Ogarkov
Washington and Moscow summit
fly to Williamsburg, Va.
in Vienna when the second strategic
meetings. But serious arms negotia-
The
conventional forces in Europe, mili-
Friday's itinerary has the marshal
tions are not expected expected to be
ism and
tary doctrines and future exchange
arms treaty was signed there in 1979.
flying to Fort Hood, Tex., to watch an
discussed this week.
the mos
visits between American and Soviet
And when Marshal Akhromeyev
Army exercise, and then to San Anto-
Nonetheless, the two sides are ex-
Abulad
military leaders.
was in Washington for last year's
nio, where he is expected to meet with
pected to discuss the East-West mili-
charac
summit meeting he went to the Pen-
local officials.
Pentagon Ceremony Planned
tary balance and what Soviet officials
tagon for a couple of hours, where he
compos
On Saturday morning he is sched-
"He has some ideas," Admiral
met with Admiral Crowe and Defense
mean when they say Moscow is devel-
and Ber
uled to tour the Alamo as the guest of
Secretary Frank C. Carlucci. Mr.
oping a less threatening military doc-
Crowe said of his Soviet counter-
Stalin.
the Daughters of the Republic of
trine. Admiral Crowe has said that so
part's proposals for defusing poten-
Carlucci has also met twice with
Texas and Mayor Henry Cisneros of
tially dangerous incidents. "We do,
Dimitri Yazov, the Soviet Defense
far there is no tangible sign of such a
Notin
San Antonio. From there the marshal
Minister, and plans to hold another
change.
too."
will visit the University of Oklahoma,
represe
Such discussions could be pursued
The official program begins with a
meeting this summer.
at the
at Norman, where he will make a
Marshal Akhromeyev will be ac-
when Admiral Crowe visits the Soviet
ceremony at the Pentagon on
speech.
Worthy
Wednesday morning, when the 65-
companied by other high-ranking offi-
Union. The admiral appears, how-
He may also attend a rodeo and will
Smithso
year-old marshal will be received
cers from the Soviet Army, Air
ever, to be hoping that an equally am-
receive a headdress from an Indian
gram, St
with full honors. Later that day he
Force, Navy and Marine Corps. After
bitious tour is arranged for him. "I
tribe of which he will be made an
tion of a
will hold a joint news conference with
his tour of the United States he is to
would like to go aboard some of their
honorary chief, Admiral Crowe said.
happeni
ships," he said.
"
F
CHASE HOME EQUITY LINE OF CREDIT
WASHINGTON
TALK
WEDNESDAY,
JULY
6,
1988
Briefing
Courtesy, even to a fault
At the Smithsonian, there's
a taste of glasnost
New fall push by women
Griscom
Остальные
ЯДЕРТЫЕ
ДЕРЖЯВЬ
heads for Chattanooga.
Gentility Reigns
New Direction
Even amid an unfolding Interna-
The energy that a number of politi-
BCE
ЯДЕРНЫЕ
ДЕРЖ
tional crisis, there has been room at
cally active women devoted four
the White House for gentility.
years ago to obtaining a spot for a
In the last three days, Roman
woman on the Democrats' national
Popadiuk, a deputy press secretary
ticket has a new focus this year: In-
05939711
whose expertise is in national se-
creasing the number of women in top
curity affairs, has found himself al-
policy-making jobs, no matter which
most continuously dialing the tele-
party wins the White House in
phone to speak to his boss, Marlin
November.
Fitzwater, about the downing of an
Forty-five organizations, with a
Iranian passenger jet. Frequently the
membership of more than five mil-
calls have been separated by only
lion, have joined to form the Coalition
five or ten minutes.
for Women's Appointments. The
coalition, organized by the National
On Sunday, according to Mr. Fitz-
Women's Political Caucus, includes
water, Mr. Popadiuk opened each
such nonpartisan organizations as
conversation with "Marlin, I'm sorry
the Y.W.C.A., the General Federation
to bother you," or "I'm sorry, but.
of Women's Clubs and the United
Methodist Church, as well as more
The time finally came to dispense
with the pleasantries, Mr. Fitzwater
said, when he realized that neither of
С.Ф.АХРОМЕЕВ
them was likely to get much sleep in
Reuters
the days ahead.
thromeyev, the Soviet Union's top military officer,
"Roman," he told Mr. Popadiuk, "I
think we've reached the point where
last January on a Soviet arms reduction plan.
you don't have to say you' sorry
anymore."
official Soviet
On Sunday the marshal will visit
Moviegoer
Ellsworth Air Force Base in South
the Pentagon
Dakota, where he will inspect a new
Just back in town from the fire-
Redinger
ingement that
B1-B bomber and observe an exercise
works at the Communist Party con-
n opportunity
in which the bombers are alerted for
ference in Moscow, Yuri Dubinin, the
activist groups like the Women's
riety of Amer-
a possible attack. He will also visit a
Soviet Ambassador to the United
Legal Defense Fund, the National Or-
and citizens
training facility for Air Force officers
States, accepted an invitation to the
ganization for Women, and the
its interest in
who would launch land-based mis-
Smithsonian Institution's premiere
Planned Parenthood Federation of
siles if the United States was under
last night of the film "Repentance,"
America,
Carrier
attack. And he is scheduled to take a
which deals with some fireworks of
Women representing the two major
helicopter tour of Mount Rushmore.
old.
parties' prospective nominees, Vice
I Akhromeyev
Before leaving the United States
President Bush and Gov. Michael S.
Corps exercise
the marshal is to address the Council
Directed by Tengiz Abuladze, one
and eat lunch
Dukakis, as well as a representative
of Foreign Relations in New York and
of the Soviet Union's most highly re-
Then he plans
of the Rev. Jesse Jackson, will take
give a farewell news conference.
garded film makers, "Repentance"
ier, the U.S.S.
part in a news conference in Washing-
Unlike his counterparts in the
ere he will ob-
played to raves in that country when
ton today announcing the effort. Irene
American military, Marshal Akhro-
r leaving the
it was released in 1986. It also won the
Natividad, the head of the political
meyev played an influential role in
will be cata-
special jury prize at the 1987 Cannes
caucus, said the goal was to demon-
arms control talks at the Reykjavik,
Film Festival.
deck, he will
strate to the next President that "the
Washington and Moscow summit
meetings. But serious arms negotia-
The film draws on fantasy, surreal-
gender gap does more than deliver
S the marshal
tions are not expected expected to be
ism and caricature, but is based for
votes; it's also bulging with talent."
i., to watch an
discussed this week.
the most part, according to Mr.
n to San Anto-
After the White House
Nonetheless, the two sides are ex-
Abuladze, on real life. The central
1 to meet with
pected to discuss the East-West mill-
character is a small-town mayor, a
Thomas C. Griscom, who until last
tary balance and what Soviet officials
composite of Hitler, Mussolini, Stalin
Thursday served as the White House
! he is sched-
mean when they say Moscow is devel-
and Beria, the K.G.B. leader under
director of communications and plan-
IS the guest of
oping a less threatening military doc-
Stalin.
ning, will join the teaching staff at the
Republic of
trine. Admiral Crowe has said that so
University of Tennessee at Chatta-
y Cisneros of
far there is no tangible sign of such a
Noting that Mr. Abuladze himself
nooga. Effective Aug. 1; Mr. Griscom
e the marshal
change.
represented the Republic of Georgia
of Oklahoma,
will fill the George West Chair of Ex-
Such discussions could be pursued
will make a
at the party conference, Edmund
cellence in Communications and Pub-
when Admiral Crowe visits the Soviet
Worthy, associate director of the
lic Affairs. The job's responsibilities
Union. The admiral appears, how-
rodeo and will
Smithsonian's resident associate pro-
will be divided among teachingspub-
ever, to be hoping that an equally am-
om an Indian
gram, said of the film, "It's an indica-
bitious tour is arranged for him. "I
lic speaking and seminars on govern-
be made an
tion of all the kinds of things that are
ment.
JULIE JOHNSON
would like to go aboard some of their
I Crowe said.
happening."
LINDA GREENHOUSE
ships," he said.
"I'LL FIND THE IDEAL SPA
FOR YOU. AFTER ALL
OF CREDIT
WROTE THE BOOK."
-Jeffrey Joseph. The Spa Finder
Los Angeles Times
,711 Sunday
Wednesday, July 6, 1988
LF/80 Pages Copyright 1988/The Times Mirror Co
in
Soviet Magazine
Roh to Seek
Puts New Testament
ila.
on Installment Plan
Direct Contacts
nic
JERUSALEM (P)-A leading So-
viet Bible scholar said today a
With N. Korea
Soviet magazine plans to serialize
thori-
the New Testament in an effort to
anti-
hype its sales.
From Times Wire Services
who
"At first, I was shaken by such
SEOUL, South Korea-Presi-
men's
an indecency," said Sergei S. Aver-
intzev, "but then I thought, it's
dent Roh Tae Woo, in what could
I they
week-
good."
be a historic departure from South
Averintzev, 61, said he was com-
Korea's total rejection of ties with
missioned to write footnotes to the
onents
communist North Korea, said today
New Testament, which is to be
heast
he will seek direct contacts as part
published in the magazine In the
of an "era of reconciliation" in
fter a
World of Books. He said a Soviet
relations between the two Koreas.
clinic
publishing house also was prepar-
n 591
ing a book edition of the New
In a nationally broadcast ad-
Testament with his notes.
dress, Roh said it was time to end
The scholar, who is in Israel with
decades of "counterproductive di-
ors to
ce of a
a delegation of Soviet film makers,
plomacy" by Seoul with regard to
North Korea.
rrests
is a member of the Soviet Academy
ead to
of Sciences and has written books
Seoul will also seek better ties to
perse.
and articles on ancient Greek and
Pyongyang's allies-the Soviet
D offi-
Byzantine culture and the Bible.
Union, China and Eastern Eu-
ay in
rope-and push for direct bilateral
2 at a
trade with North Korea, he said.
Concert Set
Family Reunification
to be
Specific steps on the path to a
ass, a
timum
for Mandela's
"united, prosperous homeland" in-
cluded mutual visits by representa-
lays in
tives of all social groups in North
70th Birthday
and South Korea, and the reunifi-
cation of thousands of families split
by the 1953 partition of Korea into
them
id Juli
JOHANNESBURG, South Africa
communist and capitalist states,
)pera-
(P)-Anti-apartheid activists today
Roh said.
sed in
announced plans for an open-air
He added that South Korea
anized
concert near Soweto to celebrate
would no longer oppose trade deals
saving
Nelson Mandela's 70th birthday.
between friendly third nations and
thou-
The "Concert for Peace," to
the North, as long as no weapons
e."
feature some of South Africa's top
transactions were involved.
dy in-
black musicians, is scheduled to
Analysts in Seoul interpreted
emon-
run for nine hours on July 17, the
Roh's speech as potentially the first
Fran-
day before the jailed black leader's
move toward a far-reaching cam-
ivist.
birthday.
paign of detente between the two
direc-
Organizers expressed hope that
Koreas. It was the first time, they
the government, which prohibits
noted, that a South Korean leader
played
with
unauthorized outdoor political
has departed so clearly from the
meetings and has restricted groups
confrontational policies of the past
sympathetic to the African Nation-
in dealings with the North.
19 said
al Congress, would allow the con-
eration
cert to take place.
Tension Over Olympics
: chal-
"If you put your foot in it, you'll
A major reason for Roh's change
be in trouble," said Aubrey Mo-
of course. they was the
t in
koena, head of the organizing com-
officially unacknowledged worry
tion
mittee, addressing himself to any
that tensions on the Korean Penin-
the
officials who might consider halt-
sula could grow as a result of North
: so
ing the event.
Korea's boycott of the forthcoming
Plans for the concert were an-
Summer Olympic Games at Seoul.
10W
nounced at a news conference
The offer of closer non-govern-
er it
attended by Mandela's wife, Win-
mental contacts with the North
nie,
amounted to an "Olympic gesture,"
the full sincerity of which would
become apparent only after the
games take place, the analysts said.
Since the end of the Korean War
in 1953, South and North Korea
have maintained a joint total of
about 1 million soldiers on both
sides of the 38th Parallel, which
separates the two states.
Pakistan Sentences Five
Pan Am Hijackers to Death
ADIYALA, Pakistan (A)-Five
lamabad less than a week after the
Palestinians were convicted today
hijacking, was convicted of con-
and sentenced to hang for the
spiracy. He was the only one of the
bloody 1986 hijacking of a New
five not to board the Pan Am jet.
York-bound Pan Am jumbo jet in
The other four-Mohammad Ah-
which 21 people were killed.
med Munawar, Khalil Hussain Ra-
The trial before a special one-
hayyal and Saeed Abdul Rahim, all
judge tribunal began in September
of Lebanon, and Abdul Latif Sair-
and was held in a makeshift court-
fani of Syria-were convicted of
room in a prison in this town 30
hijacking and murder.
miles west of Islamabad.
All five were sentenced to hang
The plane, which took off from
for their roles in the hijacking and
Bombay, India, was seized on the
to 10 consecutive life sentences for
ground Sept. 5, 1986, in Pakistan's
the deaths of 10 people. Three of
southern port of Karachi. It sat on
the four received an additional life
the Tarmac for 17 hours before
sentence in the killing of an 11th
Pakistani troops stormed it.
person.
In addition to those killed, nearly
The four also were each fined the
200 of the 400 passengers were
equivalent of $2,777 for each con-
Associated Press
wounded.
viction. Half the money is to go to
Id. Many people in Maine are
"We don't care about the sen-
the families of the hijackers' vic-
ot weather continues this week.
tence," said Mohammad Hafiz
tims.
Turk, the accused mastermind.
All five plan to appeal their
"We care only about the millions of
sentences and have 30 days to do
Arabs and Islamic countries."
so. No date was set for the hang-
Turk, a Libyan arrested in Is-
ings.
reporters
aintings Doubted
announcement. said that he had
can and Democratic leaders for
been "a darned good attorney gen-
some form of reparations raised the
eral" and that he had no one in
possibility that, regardless of his
ry Puts Artist,
mind to succeed him.
view on the issue, Reagan could be
"The President wanted to be
sure I felt that this was something
alleries to Test
Please see MEESE, Page 12
les Staff Writer
:. the
As Lack described the conversa-
Mexico Bans
igat-
tion later in court documents, the
One
assistant manager said most likely
Exit Polls for
5 had
Paul Valere didn't even exist. The
ssing
landscapes actually were painted
NO
gents
by teams of artists on an assembly
Today's Election
They
line basis. One would paint the
gued
trees, another the chateaux, still
By DAN WILLIAMS.
hun-
another the sky. The conversation
Times Staff Writer
colic
in the gallery apparently was
light-hearted; Lack said the whole
MEXICO CITY-On the eve of
gan.
thing was treated as an "inside
Mexico's most hotly contested
that
joke."
presidential election. the govern-
bout
The agents were not amused.
ment has prohibited a local affiliate
art
They checked on Valere, could find
of the Gallup organization from
1 an
no evidence that he had ever put a
taking a survey of voters as they
IS
talk
brush to canvas, and launched a
leave the polls today.
ace-
formal investigation into possible
The decision. announced Tues-
S by
interstate art fraud by Simic Gal-
day. is almost certain to raise
at
leries.
suspicions that the government
not
FBI investigations are not the
plans to commit fraud to aid its
candidate, Carlos Salinas de Gor-
Please see ARTIST, Page 15
tari. In Mexico. official results are
not released until several days
after the polls close.
Mexican observers widely view
ist Reportedly
the election as a turning point in
the country's politics because of
the unprecedented challenge to the
ud Probe Deal
dominance of the Institutional
Revolutionary Party. which has
Please see MEXICO, Page 7
and GEORGE FRANK,
con-
ever investigation into Pentagon
Los Angeles Times
ero-
procurement bribery and fraud.
A Times Mirror Newspaper
yist
The lawyer's comments provid-
N
1" in
ed also some new details of the
Times Mirror Square/Los Angeles,
can-
federal prosecutors' line of attack
California 90053
ould
in unraveling the complex relation-
Orange County Edition Offices
1375 Sunflower Ave./Costa Mesa,
oth-
ships among Pentagon insiders,
California 92626
consultants and defense contrac-
San Diego County Edition Offices
701 B St., Suite 501/San Diego,
ack-
tors.
California 92101
Right now, no news
ney,
The implication of the suggested
San Fernando Valley Edition Offices
20000 Prairie St./Chatsworth,
is good news for homeown-
an
deal is that the government is
California 91311
lev-
looking for cooperation from some
WEDNESDAY, JULY 6. 1968
ers at Security Pacific Bank.
of the lower-profile consultants to
VOL. CVII NO. 216 (USPS 319-740)
Because we're still
with
help build cases against more
For home delivery, call: 1-800-LA TIMES.
Prices in Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San
y E.
prominent individuals.
offering no points, no clos-
Bernardino, San Diego, Santa Barbara and Ven-
imi-
The deal called for Lackner to
tura counties."
ing costs and no fees on
Home delivered Daily and Sunday. $2 85 per week
e in
plead guilty to two counts of brib-
Daily only $2 35 per week
our Variable Interest Rate
ery and stealing government prop-
Sunday only. $1 55 per week Single copy prices
Daily 25c. Sunday $100
erty and to cooperate in the contin-
Homeowner Equity Loans
the
*Prices will be higher in some outlying communities of
the
uing investigation. In exchange,
these counties, and in other counties not listed
up to $250,000, for appli-
government prosecutors offered to
Suggested prices for outlying communities and
trike
other counties:
cations that are accepted
bby-
"remain silent" at Lackner's sen-
Home delivered Daily and Sunday. $3.50 per week
ed in
tencing, Dougherty said. Govern-
Daily only. $3.00 per week
by July 29, 1988.
Sunday only $1 65 Der week Single
Los Angeles Times
MEXICO: Government Bans Exit Polls
Continued from Page 4
Burkholder told The Times that his
votes in the candidate's favor.
ruled for 60 years. Even though
organization "strongly condemns"
Despite the foregone nature of
Salinas is a sure winner. the appeal
the decision but would not defy the
the election, neither the organiza-
government ban. The poll was to be
tional might of the PRI nor its
of the PRI. as the party is known.
has sunk to its lowest point ever.
conducted by Gallup de Mexico,
dominance of the nation's media
and opposition from the left is
which is based in Mexico City.
have obscured the party's faltering
unexpectedly strong.
The Gallup organization, which
hold on the Mexican people. And a
For the PRI. the credibility of
is based in New Jersey. received
weakening PRI has long been
the election has become as much of
notification of the ban last Friday.
looked upon as a sign of potentially
an issue as winning. because there
Polling is a new phenomenon in
deep political change in Mexico.
is widespread concern among both
Mexican elections. In recent weeks.
"The PRI has never come under
party and government officials that
it became a sensitive issue as a
such a siege," said Adrian Lajous, a
the public will not believe the
variety of surveys gave different
newspaper columnist and com-
results. Vote fraud in Mexico has
accounts of the relative strength of
mentator on presidential affairs.
the candidates.
And economist Jorge Castaneda
been a major issue in the campaign.
A Gallup poll released in June
said: "People can now for the first
Mex
although both incumbent President
was considered by some the most
time envision a future outside the
Miguel de la Madrid and Salinas
have promised clean elections.
accurate reflection of the voters'
PRI. Something is moving in Mexi-
choices and was touted by PRI
co at last."
L:
On Tuesday. officials at the Min-
istry of the Interior explained the
PRI strength has been sapped by
plaz
officials as an indication of Salinas'
surprise decision to ban exit polling
defections and by the public per-
of S
strength. The poll gave Salinas
by saying that the government has
56% of the vote.
ception that the governing party is
PRI
the obligation to "protect the se-
In the same survey. rivals
neither able to restore growth to
wee
Cuauhtemoc Cardenas. on the left.
Mexico's economy nor to solve a
polit
crecy of the vote" and therefore
would forbid anyone to survey
received 23% and rightist Manuel
wide range of pressing problems.
agai
voters even after they cast their
J. Clouthier had 19%. Cardenas'
from government corruption to
squa
crime in the streets.
nas
ballots.
showing surprised many and indi-
ier. 1
And Amador Rodriguez. a law-
cates he may capture second place.
PRI officials and private polls
tive
yer and official at the Interior
Two remaining minor-party candi-
give Salinas 55% to 60% of the
the 1
Ministry. said: "The people are
dates will split a small percentage.
vote. compared with about 70%
the 1
unaccustomed to having surveys
Today's exit poll was to be
won by De la Madrid six years ago.
taken. It could create chaos."
sponsored by ECO. a Los Angeles-
In elections dating back over six
Sa
One PRI official offered a differ-
based television production compa-
decades. PRI presidential candi-
trair
ny affiliated with Televisa. Mexi-
dates generally have won at least
vinc
ent explanation. Said Maria Emilia
Farias. a member of the Federal
co's giant private TV network. The
80% of the vote.
a ma
Election Commission: "The vote
owners of Televisa have openly
His main rivals, Cardenas and
radi
count is done by electoral organi-
allied themselves with the PRI. and
Clouthier. are expected to win
my.
zations. We cannot permit confu-
its news broadcasts have dedicated
around 20% of the vote each.
prop
sion. What if the poll says one thing
exceptionally full coverage to Sali-
An indication that the PRI is no
le-dc
and the electoral result is not the
nas' campaign.
longer the sole political player
econ
same? Who are people going to
Salinas. 40. is De la Madrid's
could be seer in a series of rallies at
Ac
believe?"
handpicked successor. and the PRI
the Zocalo. Mexico's City's main
will 1
Gallup spokesman Richard
is expected to mobilize millions of
square.
pher
LF/ Wednesday, July 6, 1988 Part I
7
Associated Press
Mexico's candidates, from left: Cuauhtemoc Cardenas, Carlos Salinas de Gortari, Manuel Clouthier.
Last Saturday. Salinas filled the
investment as a means of stimulat-
Cardenas' populist rhetoric has
laza with hundreds of thousands
ing growth while limiting govern-
attracted many Mexicans who are
f supporters in a display of the
looking for the government to lead
ment participation in business. This
'RI's power to mobilize. But the
them out of misery and who feel
veek before. Cardenas, a dissident
is a reversal of longstanding PRI
that Salinas ignores them in favor
olitician from the PRI running
policy of fostering economic
of foreign economic theories. Car-
gainst his old party. also filled the
growth through heavy government
denas, 52, a lank and somber
quare. And only hours after Sali-
spending.
former state governor. has also
as finished. supporters of Clouth-
To make his program a reality.
benefited from a perception that
er. the candidate of the conserva-
Salinas will have to keep in check
Salinas is overly eager to cooperate
ve National Action Party. stood in
the labor unions. one of the tradi-
with banks abroad who hold Mexi-
e rain almost corner to corner in
tional foundations of PRI rule. Such
co's enormous foreign debt.
e venerable plaza.
plans, kept under close wraps by
Clouthier. 53. has been unable to
Salinas. a balding. Harvard-
the Salinas campaign. are said to
expand his party's traditional base
rained economist. needs a con-
have caused nervousness among
incing victory in part to give him
the traditional labor bosses, known
of middle-class voters. In part. the
mandate to make good on plans to
here as "dinosaurs."
outspoken Clouthier was crippled
by National Action's unwillingness
adically alter the national econo-
The rightist thrust of the Salinas
to address the concerns of Mexico's
ly. Mexican observers say. Salinas
campaign in part opened the way
poor: National Action's economic
roposes what amounts to a trick-
for the rise of Cardenas, who is
program is not terribly different
:-down solution to the ills of the
running at the head of a leftist
from Salinas'.
conomy.
coalition called the National Demo-
According to top aides. Salinas
cratic Front. It is the strongest
Times staff writer Marjorie Mil-
'ill try to create a welcome atmos-
leftist challenge to the PRI since
ler, in Mexico City, contributed to
here for domestic and foreign
the party was founded.
this story.
Although Meese said that neither
he nor his attorneys had seen a
copy of the 830-page report, which
Co
Moves Beyond Tanker Escorts
was filed with a special three-judge
federal court only hours before his
press conference, he stressed that
U.S. Widens Military
McKay had "conclusively deter-
to
mined that there is no basis for
criminal proceedings" against him.
No
Goals in Persian Gulf
'Constant Drumbeat'
"I have refused to bend to the
By
1
constant drumbeat of political and
and
media pressure because I have a
By DOYLEMcMANUS. Times Staff Writer
Tin
responsibility to uphold an impor-
WASHINGTON- The Reagan
tant principle, not only for myself
At the State Department,
W
and this Administration but for
Administration, in statements re-
spokeswoman Phyllis Oakley said:
Reag
flecting a gradual but significant
future government officials who
"As long as there is a danger of the
Unite
expansion of its military objectives
are subjected to untrue allega-
war expanding. and U.S. and West-
note
in the Persian Gulf. pledged Tues-
tions," the attorney general said.
ern interests as well as the security
expre
day to keep the U.S. Navy in the
of our gulf friends are threatened.
Meese had been under scrutiny
down
war zone as long as Iran threatens
we will maintain our heightened
by McKay-the second independ-
offere
the security of the area's pro-
presence there.
ent counsel to investigate him-for
Tehra
American Arab sheikdoms.
several matters, from his involve-
But
"Our policy remains firm, and
Although President Reagan ini-
ment in the Wedtech Corp. scandal
out 0
our presence in the gulf will remain
tially sent the Navy into the gulf a
to his role in a controversial $1-bil-
tions
firm, as long as the threats to our
year ago this month to protect
interests remain." she added.
lion Iraqi oil pipeline project.
peopl
Kuwaiti oil tankers from Iranian
The unexpected announcement
Me
In particu'ar. these statements
attacks. U.S. policy statements
by Meese-who participated in a
tions
over time have shifted to broader
put greater focus than before on
the long-range objective of ending
raid on a marijuana patch 70 miles
prepa
aims.
northeast of here earlier in the
to COI
the Iran-Iraq War on terms ac-
And in reaffirming the country's
ceptable to the United States.
day-was welcomed by members
that (
military commitment in the gulf.
of both parties. Democrats hailed
in a
following the shooting down of an
Administration officials point out
the resignation of a key Reagan
politi
Iranian commercial airliner by a
that the broader aims of ending the
aide that they denounced as an
gulf war and ensuring the security
Suj
U.S. Navy cruiser Sunday with the
unethical public official who re-
loss of all 290 persons aboard.
of the Arab states in the area have
fused to apply the laws evenly and
Suc
officials left no doubt Tuesday that
always been part of the reason for
Republicans expressed relief over
Tuesc
the Administration's objectives
the U.S. presence there.
the departure of a high-profile
policy
now go well beyond protecting
But while Reagan has continued
Cabinet officer who contributed
niew
merchant ships.
to define his main aim in the gulf as
significantly to the so-called
Jimm
protecting "the right of navigation
"sleaze" issue used repeatedly
tional
'Shared Defense'
in international waters." as he said
against the GOP in the presidential
field
"We are there to demonstrate
Monday. the rest of his Adminis-
campaign.
durin
our commitment to the shared
tration has spoken increasingly in
Two
defense of the gulf. our commit-
terms of a long-term commitment
Difficult Issue
visers
ment to the gulf states [and] to
to stabilizing the war-torn region.
In recent months. Meese's refus-
Brent
keep the international waters open
"Our purpose in the gulf is to
al to resign had become an ex-
said t
to all nations." White House
bring the war to an end diplomati-
tremely difficult issue not only for
apolog
spokesman Marlin Fitzwater said.
cally through negotiations." Oak-
th- Republicans but for President
On
"We believe that policy has been
ley said. "Secondly. we have talked
Reagan, who had refused to turn
natior
successful. and there are no consid-
about our vital interests in the gulf.
his back on a friend of more than
down
erations of changing it at this
We are pledged to uphold and
two decades, despite constant calls
Gulf,
point."
Please see POLICY, Page 9
for Meese's resignation.
low-k
Reagan, with whom Meese con-
gestio
ferred by telephone shortly before
in the
surprising reporters here with his
But
Validity of French Paintings Doubted
announcement, said that he had
can a
been "a darned good attorney gen-
some 1
eral" and that he had no one in
possib
FBI Inquiry Puts Artist,
mind to succeed him.
view (
"The President wanted to be
sure I felt that this was something
Carmel Galleries to Test
Please see MEESE, Page 12
By ROBERT A. JONES. Times Staff Writer
CARMEL- the beginning the
As
Lack
described
the
Mexico Bans
Continued from Page 4
view on ABC's "Good Morning
defend these interests and to help
America." "That's why we're
protect the security of our friends
there, and I think we have to stay
in the gulf.
there."
"We have increased our naval
That is one of the aspects of the
presence in the gulf to accomplish
policy that worries both Democrats
these aims," she said.
and Republicans in Congress:
There does not seem to be a clear
Some foreign policy experts, in-
cluding former Secretary of State
signpost to indicate when the Navy
Henry A. Kissinger and former
can declare a victory and with-
National Security Adviser Robert
draw.
C. McFarlane. have urged the Ad-
The Navy's mission has largely
ministration to look for an opportu-
accomplished its initial aim of reas-
nity to gradually reduce the num-
suring the Arab sheikdoms of U.S.
ber of Navy ships in the gulf-now
resolve and protecting the passage
28-and de-escalate its mission.
of oil tankers in the gulf. "I think
it's been a success because petrole-
No Homecoming Soon
um has continued to flow through
But Administration spokesmen
the Strait of Hormuz," said Sen.
insisted Tuesday that the fleet was
John W. Warner (R-Va.).
a long way from coming home.
But Administration officials ac-
despite the likelihood of more mili-
knowledge that the fleet has had
little visible effect on Iran's will-
tary action.
ingness to continue its nearly
"Our position remains firm."
eight-year-old war with Iraq. even
Oakley said. "We have interests
after a series of reverses on the
there. We intend to protect them."
battlefield.
Critics of the Administration
The United States and other
charge that the Navy's objectives
Western nations support a United
in the gulf have expanded largely
Nations resolution calling for an
TH
by accident, as a series of responses
immediate cease-fire and a negoti-
to escalating military confronta-
ated end to the war. but Iran has
tions with Iranian forces. without a
refused to agree to the plan. "It's
clear strategy behind them.
not going anywhere." a State De-
"The real issue isn't the judg-
partment official said.
ment of our commanders in the
gulf." said Sen. Brock Adams (D-
Times staff writer Sara Fritz
Wash.). "The real issue is the
contributed to this article.
policy that put them there
a
Al
policy of lurching from incident to
incident."
Italy Now Denies Its
'Like Marines in Lebanon'
If you're 55 or (
"It's been exactly like putting the
Warship Pinpointed
preciate Valley
Marines in Lebanon [in 1982-1983).
Position of Airbus
account.
only worse." charged Prof. James
A. Bill of the College of William
From Reuters
The passbo
and Mary. an authority on U.S.-
flexibility you e
Iranian relations. "We've stumbled
ROME-The Italian navy on
into the middle of a major war. and
Tuesday denied that an Italian
high interest.
we've clearly taken sides."
frigate in the Persian Gulf had
Because like
Not surprisingly. Administration
clearly identified the position of the
Iranian Airbus before it was shot
PrimePlus acc
officials disagree. "We've had ships
in the gulf to defend our interests
down by U.S. forces Sunday.
Plus Passbook
for almost 40 years." said Arthur
An official navy statement said
interest bonus-
Berger. another State Department
that the frigate Espero. which was
spokesman. "I don't think we've
on escort duty in the Strait of
regular passbo
backed into anything. We've
Hormuz when the plane was
thought this through very careful-
downed. "was 70 miles from the
ly."
scene and never had reliable radar
Still. even some who support the
contact with the Iranian airliner."
U.S. presence in the gulf agree that
It said the frigate's radar had not
The
the real aim of the Navy's presence
reliably identified the position or
is larger than the Administration
the course of the plane.
Zbigniew Brzezinski
admitted at the outset.
Tuesday's Italian navy state-
Bishop (61
"To put it very bluntly
the
ment confirmed. however. that the
purpose of the policy is to prevent
Espero heard a U.S. Navy ship ask
Encino (818) 9
said
Iran from winning the war." for-
an unidentified aircraft in the area
mer National Security Adviser
to identify itself and to change its
Course
Oran
Simi Val
Navy Team Arrives in Gulf
to Probe Downing of Airbus
By TYLER MARSHALL,
outside the jurisdiction of United
Times Staff Writer
Arab Emirates traffic controllers
when it was hit and so was not
DUBAI. United Arab Emir-
being observed.
ates- A high-level U.S. Navy team
A source here familiar with Iran
arrived in the Persian Gulf on
Air operations noted that flight
Tuesday to investigate the circum-
times on the Bandar Abbas-Dubai
stances of the shooting down of an
route are notoriously erratic, main-
Iranian airliner, even as Tehran
ly because recently imposed and
toned down its anti-American
arduous pre-departure formalities
rhetoric in an apparent effort to
in Bandar Abbas tend to cause
reap full propaganda benefits from
delays. Sunday's ill-fated flight
the tragedy.
was about 90 minutes late.
In remarks carried by Iran's
Iranian authorities said that
official news agency. the country's
about 200 bodies had been recov-
leader. the Ayatollah Ruhollah
ered from the crash site and taken
Khomeini. cautioned those calling
to a morgue in Bandar Abbas.
the loudest for revenge. He told
About 40 bodies were still to be
them to support the Speaker of
identified.
Parliament. Hashemi Rafsanjani.
Flights between the two cities
whose comments have been con-
remained suspended Tuesday.
spicuously low-key by Iranian
leaving hundreds of Iranian travel-
standards.
In a speech to Parliament broad-
Associated Press
ers and many relatives of victims
stranded in Dubai. An Iranian air
cast by Tehran Radio. Rafsanjani
Rear Adm. William M. Fogarty
force Boeing 747 transport plane
called the U.S. Navy missile attack
was on the ground at Dubai Inter-
on the Iran Air jetliner "an unprec-
Vincennes came to shoot down the
national Airport and was expected
edented disaster in contemporary
A-300 Airbus, killing all 290 people
to transport most of those trying to
history."
on board.
reach Bandar Abbas.
Rafsanjani said he reserved the
No clear evidence emerged here
Many of the city's hotels have
right to avenge the action. but he
Tuesday to clarify two of the most
been deluged with long-distance
cautioned against taking precipi-
controversial aspects of the inci-
telephone requests for information
tous action.
TI
dent. which have become the focus
about relatives either stranded or
"Maybe today they want a clum-
of speculation:
believed to be on board the downed
sy move to be made somewhere in
- Why the Vincennes tracked
Airbus.
the world so that they can take the
the Airbus as descending at a time
propaganda pressure off America."
he said. apparently referring to
when the plane was barely 8
Visa Rules Relaxed
other Western countries as well as
minutes into its flight and had just
Joseph Antoune. guest relations
the United States. "We should let
been cleared to climb from 7,500
manager at the Excelsior Hotel.
feet to 14,000 feet.
said he had telexed copies of his
]
this crime be known to everyone in
the world and be discussed and be
- Why the Airbus was not
hotel register to Iran Air in Tehran
properly identified on a route
and Kuwait Airlines in Kuwait to
studied."
Shortly after Rafsanjani spoke
where there are only five commer-
ease telephone congestion.
C
out. the Navy team headed by Rear
cially scheduled flights a week.
To focus international attention
fr
Adm. William M. Fogarty flew into
Sources familiar with the
on the incident. Iranian authorities
01
Bahrain. 300 miles northwest of
rhythm of the half-hour flight
have relaxed their normally strin-
in
Dubai. where the Navy's Persian
between Dubai and the Iranian port
gent visa requirements for West-
m
Gulf fleet is headquartered.
city of Bandar Abbas insisted that
ern journalists and permitted them
g
According to Pentagon officials.
the plane should have been climb-
to travel to the country briefly in
te
the team will have 15 days to
ing in the early phase of its flight.
order to observe memorial services
W
determine how and why the cruiser
But the aircraft was said to be
and. most likely. the funeral for the
sa
victims. No formal announcement
has been made. but the funeral is
of
Iran Asks Security Council
expected to be held later this week
m
in Bandar Abbas.
ai
Iran's senior representative to
th
to Convene, Condemn U.S.
the United Nations Geneva,
ri
Sirous Nasseri, also restrained
W
language.
United
be
out
the team will have 15 days to
ing in the early phase of its flight.
determine how and why the cruiser
But the aircraft was said to be
and. most likely, the funeral for the
said
victims. No formal announcement
T
has been made. but the funeral is
of 1
Iran Asks Security Council
expected to be held later this week
mile
in Bandar Abbas.
ard
Iran's senior representative to
the
to Convene, Condemn U.S.
the United Nations in Geneva.
ries
Sirous Nasseri. also used restrained
whi
language, calling on the United
bot
UNITED NATIONS (A-Iran's
States to pay compensation but
and
U.N. ambassador called Tuesday
stopping short of demanding vio-
trai
for an urgent meeting of the Secu-
lent counterattacks.
I
rity Council to condemn the United
"Let public opinion and political
day
States for shooting down an Iranian
activity run their course." Nasseri
ter
passenger jet.
said.
"sc
Ambassador Mohammed Mahal-
The more measured rhetoric
bot
lati also told a news conference
from senior Iranian figures. along
1
that contrary to assertions of U.S.
with the effort to swing global
Air
officials. the Iranian Airbus. with
public opinion behind them.
as
290 people aboard. was sending out
seemed to be in line with recent
Am
"normal signals
to all radar
efforts jj iran to improve its
pla
that it was a civilian plane."
relations with other countries.
der
Mahallati said an apology from
mil
the United States "cannot wash
Rafsanjani Critical
1
away the blood." but said the
Rafsanjani. who not long ago
de
Reagan Administration should
took over as armed forces com-
cra
apologize. withdraw immediately
mander after a series of Iranian
aft
from the Persian Gulf and take a
military reverses in the country's
bet
neutral stand in the Iran-Iraq War.
nearly eight-year-old war with
gui
He said he met earlier in the day
Iraq. recently criticized his gov-
ha
with Security Council President
Associated Press
ernment's strident foreign policy.
fire
Paulo Nogueira-Batista of Brazil
Ambassador Mohammed Ma-
He said it provided no tangible
cer
and requested an urgent meeting of
the council on the subject of Sun-
hallati at press conference.
benefit and left Iran isolated politi-
gui
cally.
day's attack on the jetliner by the
U.S. guided-missile cruiser Vin-
"premeditated" action by the Unit-
Iran recently re-established dip-
off
ed States and condemned the
lomatic relations with France and
and
cennes.
The United States says the ship's
"awkward logic in the U.S. cover-
has signaled an interest in breath-
air
commander mistakenly believed
up story about mistaken identity."
ing life into its long-dormant rela-
act
that the civilian aircraft was an
Mahallati said Iranian military
tions with Britain.
so
F-14 jet fighter preparing to attack
officials told him that "the plane for
Editorial opinion in leading Per-
pla
his ship. President Reagan says the
14 minutes
was dissemi-
sian Gulf newspapers expressed
mi
United States will not withdraw
nating the normal signals all civil-
more sorrow than outrage over the
im
from the Persian Gulf.
ian planes have. which proves to
airliner incident. The Gulf News,
alt
Mahallati said the Security
any radar that this is a civilian
published here, called for a U.N.-
Council should call on the United
plane."
led investigation to fix the blame.
six
States to immediately withdraw its
"The question is how the most
and the Emirates Times of Abu
ed
forces from the gulf "to terminate
sophisticated American warship in
Dhabi noted "the sad fact that
Fo
this kind of barbarism."
the Persian Gulf could not receive
those innocents
were the new
cel
He denounced the disaster as
it." he said.
victims" of the Iran-Iraq War.
red
the
wl
ve
the
Transponders: Airliners' Electronic ID Cards
w}
By MELISSA HEALY, Times Staff Writer
mi
WASHINGTON-Airplane transponders, which
transponders. Throughout the flight the transpon-
cri
have become central to the investigation of the
der responds automatically. often without the
life
downing of a commercial Iran Air jetliner Sunday
pilot's even noticing, when queried by successive
an
by a Navy cruiser, are transmitter/responders that
air traffic controllers.
"A
are supposed to identify the type of aircraft
On military channels, identification is more
ba
carrying them.
complex. In peacetime, military transponders oper-
ble
For the aircraft, what they say and how they say
ate much as their civilian counterparts do-but in
it can mean the difference between peaceful
Modes 1 and 2, which are radio frequencies that are
sig
passage and disaster.
easily distinguished from those of civilian aircraft.
sai
Transponders automatically "squawk," or
But in wartime, military aircraft operate on a
tra
zona Senate candidate Roy Elson,
hundreds of thousands of dollars by
in loan sharking.
or
admitted under-reporting income
promising large interest returns.
When some investors 1
he received from investors to
To reassure the skeptical, Daniel
to notify the Internal
whom he had promised interest
Mondavano often displayed a wad
Service as their retur
er
rates of up to 1% a week by lending
of cash in his sock or a suitcase full
ished, Daniel and Denn
out money to desperate business-
of money and implored investors
vano responded with
al
men.
"not to be a working stiff," accord-
violence, according to th
e
Mondavano's son, Dennis, 38,
ing to the government's sentencing
ing report, in one instanc
was sentenced to four years in
memorandum.
an investor by the tl
e
Soviets Head Home After
Anglo Men
e
Viewing Missile Facilities
Nominee Li
S
TRAVIS AIR FORCE BASE,
cord," said Lt. Col. Joseph Wagov-
Calif. (A)-Teams of Soviet inspec-
ich of the Defense Department's
for Judgesh
tors left for home Tuesday after
new On-Site Inspection Agency.
inspecting five U.S. missile facili-
Another 22 inspectors who ar-
From Associated Press
ties to verify compliance with the
rived with the five teams will
SAN FRANCISCO-
recent U.S.-Soviet Intermediate-
remain up to 13 years at the
Range Nuclear Forces Treaty.
Hercules Aerospace Co. missile
looking for a judicial ap]
The 48 weapons experts and
plant in Magna, Utah, to monitor
from Gov. George Deukn
linguists boarded their Aeroflot
the gates of the facility where
a job as a government
jetliner one day after conducting
Pershing missile rocket motors
preferably a prosecutor. 1
24-hour spot checks at missile
were made.
fenders and Legal Aid
plants in California, Arizona, Colo-
probably should apply els
The Soviets had arrived Friday
rado and Utah, said Capt. Tom
A survey in the July
as 20 American inspectors departed
Dolney, a spokesman at Travis.
California Lawyer magazi
for Moscow and the Soviet city of
They returned to the base late
ined backgrounds of the 1
Votkinsk for reciprocal inspections.
Sunday and early Monday in time
500 judges Deukmejian
for a Fourth of July air and
Armed with tape measures,
pointed in 5½ years in off
fireworks show. "They couldn't
scales and Polaroid cameras, the
40% of all judges in the
help but see it," Dolney said.
Soviets visited five sites: a General
found a predominance (
"They rested up when they got
Dynamics plant in San Diego; the
government lawyers, ex.
here because they went pretty
Pueblo Army Depot Activity in
tors, Anglos and males.
hard during their inspections," he
Pueblo, Colo.; the Dugway Proving
As lawyers, the study
said. "There was so much to do and
Ground, a remote Army installation
of Deukmejian's judges ha
so little time to do it in."
in the western Utah desert; a cruise
for the government at SC
The inspectors conducted the
missile testing and training site at
55% had been prosecui
first of five types of inspections
Fort Huachuca, Ariz., about 60
40% had never worked a
allowed under the INF treaty
miles south of Tucson, and Davis-
attorneys. Only 1.6% r
signed by President Reagan and
Monthan Air Force Base near Tuc-
career public defenders, :
Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev in
son, a missile training center.
had any experience as L
December.
Under the complex provisions of
attorneys.
The "base line inspection" is
the treaty, the Soviets had the
Recruiting Difficult
designed to verify the exact num-
right to conduct spot checks at any
ber of medium-range missiles and
of the five sites this weekend, and
Deukmejian's legal affai
related components to be destroyed
they didn't have to say how many
tary, Marvin Baxter, a (
under the treaty.
of them they wanted to visit until
for a judgeship on the 5th
"It's basically to count and re-
the last minute.
Court of Appeal in Fre
recruiting private lawyer
tential judges can be diff
cause "successful private
Police See Lesson as Abuse
tioners will have to
significant cut in pay to
judges."
HAYWARD, Calif. (Mary
The punishment was intended to
Racially, 88.9% of Deuk
Francis Bergamasco dressed her
teach the boy a lesson after two
judicial appointees are Ar
son like a pig and called it educa-
weeks of thievery during which he
are black, 4.4% Latino al
tion. Police called it child abuse.
stole $25 worth of baseball cards, $6
Asian. By comparison,
The 7-year-old boy sat on a
cash, an earring, a belt buckle and
Edmund G. Brown Jr.'s ap
bench in front of his home with his
another child's toy, police quoted
were Anglo, 12% were bl
hands tied behind his back, blue
Bergamasco as saying.
Latino and 4% Asian.
finger paint on his face, a cardboard
After each theft, the boy lied
Sixteen percent of Deuk
pig nose taped to his head and a
about what he had done, she said.
judges are women, comp
an attorney general's conduct should be judged.
his commitment to the judicial system, a system
Meese's blindness to ethical issues has tarnished
that he so demeaned, is a fitting if ironic epitaph
call
the Justice Department and driven away some of
to a public career that should have ended long ago.
Lef
cor
dat
it
nia
unt
Murder in Mexico
ho
wh
exi
Under the best of circumstances, today's presi-
close election and warned that PRI leaders might
evi
kn
dential election in Mexico was going to be closely
use fraud or violence to steal the election for the
lic
watched for violence or other signs of political
official party's candidate, economist Carlos Salinas
S
instability in that important but deeply troubled
de Gortari. With the violent deaths of Ovando and
our
nation. But the weekend killing of two aides of a
Gil, such allegations can no longer be dismissed as
nat
leading candidate has cast a vast cloud over the
mere campaign rhetoric.
Da
voting. Unless the murders are solved soon, they
The government of outgoing President Miguel
tre
could call into question the very legitimacy of the
de la Madrid must now make every effort to solve
fiv
Mexican political system.
these crimes as quickly as possible. To do any-
an
It may not be known until well after the election
to
thing less would only feed public cynicism, both in
ref
whether the deaths of Francisco Xavier Ovando
Mexico and outside the country, about its political
and Roman Gil Heraldez occurred as the result of
and legal systems.
tio
a common street crime or were, as their political
It is troubling to note, for example, that when the
fin
colleagues contend, calculated assassinations.
bodies of the two men were first found late Satur-
the
The two men were top aides in the presidential
day night, the Mexico City police and the city's
ap]
campaign of Cuauhtemoc Cardenas, a popular
normally aggressive press treated the incident as a
tio
leftist politician who is challenging the powerful
common street crime. They did so despite the fact
Til
Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) in a hotly
tio
that an expensive watch and other valuables that
contested race. Although the PRI has not lost a
Ovando had in his possession were not taken by
ap]
bei
major election in 60 years, Cardenas is given a
whoever shot five .22-caliber bullets into his head.
to
better chance than past PRI opponents of dimin-
The investigation has now been taken over by the
to
ishing the official party's support because he is the
federal government's Interior Ministry, which is
son of Mexico's most revered modern president,
responsible for domestic security. Even that may
Lazaro Cardenas. He is also, along with several
not satisfy the many PRI critics who suspect the
key aides like Ovando, a former PRI member who
Interior Ministry of being part of the ruling party's
]
broke away from the official party last year, ac-
political apparatus. The investigation must be as
bo
cusing it of being undemocratic.
open as possible, with information provided to both
an
Charges like that are not new. They have been
the national and foreign press.
sky
made not just by the PRI's political opponents but
Some Mexican officials will resent calls for
tha
also by Mexican and foreign analysts who have
extraordinary measures in a criminal investigation,
ha
marveled at the official party's ability to maintain
but this is no ordinary crime. More important,
pay
popular support despite the corrupt and heavy-
these are not ordinary times in Mexico. The world
go
handed methods of some of its leaders. In recent
is watching this year's Mexican election more
ha
years, however, as a continuing economic crisis
closely than it has watched a political changeover
be
has cut deeply into the living standards of the
in that country since 1910, when Mexico suffered
at
average Mexican, complaints about the PRI and
through a long and bloody revolution. Many people
sky
its style of governance have been heard more and
genuinely fear that unless political change can
more from the man on the street.
take place peacefully in Mexico another revolution
un
The growing public discontent in Mexico is re-
is inevitable. Mexico's leaders can best put such
we
flected in the heavy turnout at rallies in support
fears to rest by showing the world that political
son
of Cardenas and the other major opposition can-
violence has become unacceptable and that sus-
aft
ass
didate, Manuel Clouthier, of the right-wing Na-
pects will be aggressively pursued, rapidly tried
aft
tional Action Party. Both men have predicted a
and severely punished.
tax
her
1 a
ich
ige
Compensation
his
hat
to Iran Families
er-
for
n.
Not Ruled Out
.he
nd
By JAMES GERSTENZANG
and SARA FRITZ,
: a
Times Staff Writers
or-
elf
WASHINGTON- President
for
Reagan said Tuesday that the
ho
United States, which sent a private
(a-
note to the Iranian government
expressing its "deep regret" for the
ny
downing of Iran Air Flight 655. has
d-
offered enough of an apology to
for
Tehran.
'e-
But the White House did not rule
dal
out offering some sort of repara-
il-
tions to the relatives of the 290
people killed aboard the airliner.
nt
Meanwhile, there were indica-
a
tions that congressional leaders are
les
preparing to introduce legislation
he
to compensate the families-a step
ers
that could put Congress in the lead
ed
in a sensitive foreign policy and
an
political issue.
an
Support From Experts
e-
nd
Such a move won quick support
'er
Tuesday from a number of foreign
ile
policy experts. among them Zbig-
presented with legislation granting
ed
niew Brzezinski, former President
such payments and would have to
ed
Jimmy Carter's assistant for na-
choose between going along or
lly
tional security affairs, and Stans-
vetoing it.
ial
field Turner. director of the CIA
Reflecting the Administration's
during the Carter Administration.
effort to shut the window on the
Two former national security ad-
initial aspect of the tragedy-the
visers, Robert C. McFarlane and
Brent A. Scowcroft, had already
Please see REAGAN, Page 8
IS-
X-
said that they favored granting an
'or
apology and compensation.
nt
On the first day of business in the
rn
nation's capital after the Navy shot
2 Workers Die, 1 Injured
an
down the jetliner over the Persian
in Stone Quarry Accident
Ils
Gulf. the White House kept its
low-key approach-giving no sug-
STERLING. Va. (UPI)-Two
gestion that it would shift its policy
workers were killed when they fell
n-
in the volatile region as a result.
into a stone-crushing machine
re
But support from both Republi-
Tuesday at a quarry near Wash-
his
can and Democratic leaders for
ington-Dulles International Air-
ad
some form of reparations raised the
port, authorities said. A third man
n-
possibility that, regardless of his
who fell into the machine suffered
in
view on the issue, Reagan could be
minor injuries.
be
ng
REAGAN: Reparations Not Ruled Out
0
c
c
Continued from Page 4
Army Medical Center.
agreements.
military action that culminated
Asked about speculation that the
"I think we should move very
with the destruction of the wide-
Iranian airliner was a decoy for an
swiftly on IL" he said.
ed
bodied Airbus A-300 jetliner when
attacking aircraft. Reagan replied:
Warner added that the Senate
so
it was struck by at least one missile
"That's why we're having an in-
leadership-Republicans as well as
do
fired by the U.S. Navy cruiser
vestigation."
Democrats-are likely to propose
th
Vincennes-the President said in a
Reagan's own involvement in
legislation soon after Congress re-
CO
one-page report to Congress: "We
the aftermath of the attack has
convenes today after the Fourth of
eu
regard this incident as closed."
been limited. He discussed the
July recess.
However. the report noted that
tragedy Sunday in telephone calls
In London. House Speaker Jim
the Administration is pressing
with senior advisers but called no
Wright (D-Tex.) predicted that
ahead with a Navy investigation
special meetings on it after he
Congress would approve such a
R
into the events surrounding the
returned to Washington from
compensation bill.
If that
pl
downing of the airliner.
Camp David. Md., on Monday. And
would assuage the grief of the
T
Describing the military action in
according to Fitzwater. Reagan's
other aggrieved party. surely we
or
the Strait of Hormuz at the mouth
only contact with Adm. William J.
could do that." he said. "Congress
cl
of the Persian Gulf on Sunday.
Crowe Jr., chairman of the Joint
would support that. if it were
pl
Reagan said that the cruiser Vin-
Chiefs of Staff. was in a conference
requested."
A
cennes and the frigate Elmer
call Sunday with other Adminis-
Montgomery sank two small Irani-
tration officials.
an boats and damaged a third. in
The question of compensation for
response to an attack on a U.S.
the families of the victims gained
helicopter.
public attention in Congress-and
"Regrettably. in the course of
privately. lawyers at the Pentagon
LEO'S
the U.S. response to the Iranian
and State Department were under-
attack. an Iranian civilian airliner
stood to be researching U.S. law to
C
was shot down by the Vincennes.
make recommendations to Reagan.
which was firing in self-defense at
The United States supported un-
what it believed to be a hostile
successful demands made by South
Iranian military aircraft." Reagan
Korea for compensation for the
said in his letter to the House and
families of the 269 victims of
Senate. "We deeply regret the
Korean Airlines Flight 007. who
tragic loss of life that occurred."
were killed when their Boeing 747
was shot down by Soviet fighters
INS
'Entirely Appropriate
over Soviet territory Sept. 1. 1983.
White House spokesman Marlin
Fitzwater. making it clear that
Fitzwater was reluctant Tuesday
no decision had been made about
to characterize any U.S. statement
compensation. told reporters:
about the tragedy as an apology.
"That is one issue that has not been
"The President believes that the
considered at this point." He said
expressions of regret and sadness
that the investigation by the naval
2DAY
were entirely appropriate. and they
board-which he defended as an
were passed on to the Iranian
appropriate body to conduct the
government." Fitzwater said. "Our
inquiry-is "the first order of busi-
regret over the loss of life and the
ness."
immense human tragedy has been
Sen. John W. Warner (R-Va.).
stated in appropriate forums."
the senior Republican on the Sen-
SALE
He said that the United States'
ate Armed Services Committee.
"deep regret" was expressed Sun-
told reporters that paying compen-
day in a private message dis-
sation would be "a step in the
patched to the government of Iran.
direction of bringing peace and
It was forwarded to Tehran by the
stability to the region."
Swiss government. which repre-
He did not specify a sum of
sents U.S. interests in Iran. The
money that should be paid but
United States and Iran do not
suggested that Congress could be
maintain diplomatic relations.
guided. by the sums established for
The White House spokesman
loss of life in international aviation
Locking fast forward/rewind
said the message also asserted that
12 station presets
the United States had not intended
Clock
to target the civilian airliner.
For his part, Reagan, asked by
Pilot Safe in Jet Crash
reporters whether the United
From Reuters
INSTALLED
11988
States had apologized sufficiently.
said, "Yes."
STOCKHOLM-A Swedish air
He made the comment as he left
force pilot escaped unhurt when his
JENSEN
the White House to visit President
fighter jet crashed into the Baltic
Jose Napoleon Duarte of El Salva-
off the Swedish island of Gotska
dor. who is undergoing treatment
Sandon on Tuesday. a military
for liver cancer at Walter Reed
spokesman said.
Contradictory
Signals Heard
By JOHN M. BRODER
and MELISSA HEALY.
Times Staff Writers
WASHINGTON-Thc Penta-
gon, providing new details that
appeared to compound the mystery
of the downing of an Iran Air
jetliner by an American warship in
the Persian Gulf on Sunday. assert-
ed Tuesday that the plane was
emitting contradictory radio sig-
nals, some identifying it as a civil-
ian aircraft and some identifying it
as military.
This revelation raised a host of
new questions because Navy offi-
cials had said that the radio signals
picked up by the U.S. cruiser
Vincennes were among the critical
factors that led the ship's captain to
believe that the Airbus A-300 was
a hostile Iranian F-14 fighter and
to order it shot down.
Pentagon spokesman Dan How-
ard, seeking to explain and justify
the downing of Iran Air Flight 655.
said that the Vincennes had re-
ceived radio emissions from two
transponders aboard the Iranian
plane. one emitting military codes
and one emitting civilian codes.
Further compounding the un-
certainties, however. Howard con-
ceded that a nearby U.S. guided
missile frigate. the John H. Sides,
picked up the civilian transponder
signals from the aircraft but did not
"hear" the military signals.
A transponder is a transmitter
that responds to electronic ques-
tioning by air traffic controllers or
other radar operators by emitting a
code that identifies the aircraft.
In early briefings on the incident.
military officials had refused to
discuss details of the electronic
signals picked up by the sophisti-
cated Aegis-type cruiser. saying
that such information is classified.
The plane. Howard said. was
tracked from the minute it took off
Please see SIGNALS, Page 10
SIGNALS: Iranian Jetliner Sent 2
tions
otel.
his
Radio Codes, U.S. Official Asserts
hran
it to
Continued from Page 4
siles, at least one of which hit the
jetliner's ambiguous transponder
tion
from the airfield at Bandar Abbas
Airbus and demolished it.
data, its apparently threatening
ities
on Iran's southern coast, a facility
Mahmoud Vaziri, an ex-Iran Air
flight path and its refusal to re-
rin-
used by Iran for both civilian and
pilot who flew Flight 655 until last
spond to radio warnings. the plane
est-
military aircraft. American intelli-
October. challenged the U.S. ac-
was declared hostile. and the mis-
hem
gence had. for the first time. de-
count in an interview with The
siles were fired at 10:54.
y in
tected F-14 activity in the area
Times. He said the Iran Air Airbus
But Howard said that the Vin-
ices
within the past few weeks. Howard
A-300s he flew were never
cennes' captain was "very pru-
the
said.
equipped to transmit over the mili-
dent" in considering the approach
ent
The Vincennes was in the Strait
tary channel heard by the Vin-
of the unknown aircraft a threat
al is
of Hormuz at the time. about 50
cennes.
related to the recently completed
eek
miles south of Bandar Abbas. How-
"We don't have the equipment to
firefight.
ard said. Radar operators aboard
broadcast on anything but Mode
Howard acknowledged that Pen-
e to
the Navy ship sent electronic que-
Charlie." he said. referring to the
tagon officials could not explain
eva,
ries to the unidentified aircraft.
purely civilian channel the Penta-
conflicting reports on the plane's
ined
which responded with signals from
gon calls Mode 3. known to many
altitude. The Vincennes reported
lited
both a civilian Mode 3 transponder
aviators as Mode C.
the plane as flying at about 9,000
but
and the exclusively military Mode 2
The American-trained Iran Air
feet; the Sides reported it at above
vio-
transponder.
pilot said he doubts whether Iran's
12,000 feet. and air traffic control in
U.S. military officials said Tues-
Civil Aviation Organization would
Dubai, the plane's destination in
tical
day that they had never encoun-
have bought the transponders
the United Arab Emirates. pegged
sseri
tered an aircraft that was
since he left Iran last October.
it at 7,800 feet.
In addition, sailors on the Vin-
"squawking"-transmitting-on
"They're short of cash." he said.
toric
both Mode 3 and Mode 2.
cennes said that the plane was
"They're having a hard enough
descending and gaining speed as it
long
An Iran Air pilot who flew
time getting equipment as it is-it
approached the warship. while ra-
lobal
Airbuses for the airline as recently
has to be paid for with hard
dar operators on the Sides said it
em.
as last fall questioned the new
currency. Why would they want to
was maintaining a steady altitude.
cent
American account. He said that the
buy such unnecessary equipment?"
It is not yet known whether this
its
planes never carried the transpon-
der device needed to send the
Both Are Civilian Sets
contlicung data was available to
the commander of the Vincennes
military code cited by U.S. officials.
Vaziri said that while Iran Air
when he made the decision to shoot
Howard also disclosed that the
jetliners carry two transponders,
the jetliner down.
ago
decision to bring the suspect air-
both are solely Mode 3 civilian sets,
Howard said that one assertion
om-
craft down was made 12 minutes
and they cannot transmit at the
not yet in question was the plane's
nian
after the last shots were fired
same time.
speed as it headed toward the
try's
between U.S. warships and Iranian
The Iranian pilot said that Amir
warship. The Vincennes said it was
with
gunboats. Previous U.S. accounts
Razvani, whom he identified as the
flying at between 450 and 455
gov-
had said that the missiles were
pilot of the downed airliner. would
knots, about 520 miles an hour. But
licy.
fired while the crew of the Vin-
not have allowed Iranian authori-
the Iranian pilot-with support
gible
cennes was still engaged in surface
ties to put a military transponder
from the authoritative Jane's All
oliti-
gunfire.
the World's Aircraft-said that the
And Howard said that military
plane is structurally incapable of
dip-
officials could not explain discrep-
'Why would you want
such speed at altitudes below
and
ancies in reports of the doomed
25,000 feet.
eath-
airliner's altitude, nor could they
to have a transponder
account for why the Vincennes'
Data Recorder Sought
rela-
sophisticated radar showed the
operating in military
The investigative panel will try
Per-
plane approaching at more than 500
mode going toward a
to determine the speed of the
miles an hour, nearly a physical
aircraft from computer tapes on the
essed
T the
impossibility for the Airbus at low
[U.S.] Navy ship?'
Vincennes and from the plane's
lews.
altitude.
-Mahmoud Vaziri, ex-Iran Air pilot
flight data recorder, if Iranian
The Pentagon official said a
authorities recover it from the
J.N.-
six-member board of inquiry head-
wreckage and share it with Ameri-
lame,
Abu
ed by Rear Adm. William M.
aboard an Airbus loaded with 290
can investigators, Howard said.
Fogarty arrived aboard the Vin-
passengers and crew. Vaziri said he
Other Pentagon officials have
that
new
cennes on Tuesday to begin to
had known Razvani for several
attributed anomalies in radar data
reconstruct the events leading to
years, flown with him many times
to thick haze and humidity in the
the tragedy. Howard stressed that
and considered him a friend.
region. One official intimately fa-
whatever the investigation re-
why would you want to nave a
mmar with the Vincennes' negio
vealed, Capt. Will C. Rogers III of
transponder operating in military
radar system said that "the envi-
the Vincennes acted properly in
mode going toward a [U.S.] Navy
ronment in the gulf changes dra-
what he believed was self-defense.
ship?" he asked. "You've got
matically from day to day" and that
enough on your mind just flying in
the Navy cannot precisely cali-
'Very Crucial Decision'
Iran and in the Persian Gulf. You
brate the radar to correspond to
"The commander had a very few
don't go looking for trouble."
atmospheric conditions each day.
minutes in which to make a very
Vaziri described Razvani as
But, he said, the Vincennes'
crucial decision that was certainly
"very conservative.
If he had
SPY-1 radar "is the most accurate
life or death for him and for his ship
the slightest idea there was some-
the Navy has. It's never let me
and for his crew," Howard said.
thing out there, he would have
down."
"And he had to make that decision
delayed. He wasn't radical or reli-
gious. He didn't want to die. No-
AWACS in Northern Gulf
based upon the information availa-
ble to him at the time."
body wants to die."
Howard. the Pentagon spokes-
Howard, discussing the radio
Vaziri's account left open the
man, also revealed that a Saudi
signals detected by the Vincennes,
possibility that the Mode 2 emis-
Arabian AWACS radar surveil-
said that the military Mode 2
sions were coming from a second
lance plane was flying in coordina-
transponder emissions detected by
irplane or a source on the ground.
tion with a U.S.-escorted merchant
the Vincennes "were signals that
But Pentagon officials said that
ship convoy at the far northern end
we had previously identified or
they had no evidence that a second
of the gulf at the time of the
associated with an F-14. That was
plane was in the air and refused to
encounter in the Strait of Hormuz.
based on historical information in
speculate on the source of the radio
A U.S. guided-missile frigate was
the gulf."
signals.
escorting the tanker Sea Isle City
The official said that the infor-
Another new piece of informa-
under AWACS radar cover Sunday
mation revealed Tuesday was the
tion added to the puzzle was the
morning, but the plane's orbit did
first acknowledgment by U.S. forc-
exact timing of the end of surface
not allow it to track the action at
es that they were able to read
gunfire and the takeoff of the
the other end of the gulf, some 500
another nation's Mode 2 transpon-
Iranian Airbus. Briefing reporters
miles away.
3
der signals.
after the incident Sunday, Adm.
Military experts said that the
Radiomen on the Vincennes and
William J. Crowe Jr., chairman of
"look-down" radar capabilities of
on the nearby U.S. guided-missile
the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said that
the AWACS would have made it
frigate John H. Sides sent a total of
the decision to attack the plane was
much more likely that the Iran Air
12 warnings to the suspect aircraft,
made in an intense burst of activity
jetliner would have been identified
demanding that it identify itself
while Capt. Rogers of the Vin-
as innocent and that the disaster
and ordering it to change course,
cennes was "engaged already in
would have been prevented.
officials said. The plane continued
surface action" against three small
"All things being equal," How-
at high speed on a course that
Iranian gunboats.
ard said, "it's desirable to have
5
would have taken it directly over
But according to details released
AWACS and Aegis working to-
8
the Vincennes.
Tuesday, the shooting stopped at
gether everywhere in every situa-
Seven minutes after the jetliner
10:42 a.m. local time, while the
tion, but the fact is that those
took off, Capt. Rogers sent up two
jetliner did not leave the ground
resources don't exist. You cannot
Standard SM-2 radar-guided mis-
until 10:47 a.m. Because of the
do it everywhere at every time."
in the U.S. policy of sending war-
U.S. Willing to
ships to the Persian Gulf. or in the
liberalized rules of engagement
that led to the weekend hostilities.
Talk With Iran,
Over the last several years. the
United States and Iran have con-
Shultz Declares
ducted some official business with
By JIM MANN,
one another through Swiss and
Times Staff Writer
Algerian intermediaries.
After the shooting down of the
ELMENDORF AIR
Iranian aircraft. Shultz said, the
FORCE BASE, Alaska-
United States sent another indirect
Secretary of State George
P. Shultz said Tuesday that
the United States is now
Shultz said the United
willing to have a "direct
dialogue" with Iran, and he
States has recently
disclosed that in recent
months U.S. officials have
received several feelers
received a number of indi-
rect overtures from Iran
from Iran 'in different
apparently aimed at im-
settings.'
proving relations.
In his first public re-
marks since U.S. forces
message to'Iran through the Swiss
mistakenly shot down an
government that "basically stated
Iranian commercial airliner
our view as to what took place,
Sunday, Shultz emphasized
that's all." U.S. officials said that no
the willingness of the Unit-
reply had been received from Teh-
ed States to negotiate with
ran.
Iran and seemed especially
Shultz and other U.S. officials
eager to defuse tension in
maintained Tuesday that in ex-
the Persian Gulf.
pressing a willingness to enter into
"We've had a number
direct talks with Iran, the secretary
Please see TALKS, Page 11
was merely repeating longstanding
American policy.
Continued from rage 4
of-1 guess you'd call them
Iran-Canada Ties
probes-from Iran through third
But Shultz noted pointedly that,
parties, saying they (Iran) would
in recent months, Iran has been
like to talk with us," Shultz told
willing to upgrade its relations with
reporters aboard his plane on the
Western countries such as France
first leg of a trip to Asia.
and Canada. In the case of Canada,
Rather than try to communicate
he said, Iran dropped its insistence
through a number of intermediar-
that Canada apologize for secretly
ies, the secretary said, "we have
harboring U.S. diplomats during
said that we are prepared for
the 1979-81 hostage crisis.
one.
We're prepared to have a
"If Iran has decided to normalize
direct dialogue with them."
itself and its basic diplomatic
Shultz set no preconditions for
stance, that's a good thing." Shultz
talks with Iran. In the past, when
said. "But we'll have to see how it
Iranian officials have suggested the
goes."
possibility of direct talks with the
Until Tuesday. U.S. officials had
United States concerning the
said nothing in public about any
American hostages in Lebanon, the
recent "probes" or overtures from
United States has said that the
Iran. They had denied repeatedly a
release of the hostages was not a
series of reports that U.S. officials
matter for negotiation.
such as U.N. Ambassador Vernon
The tone of Shultz's remarks was
A. Walters might be conducting
strikingly conciliatory. however.
secret talks with Iran.
Speaking of the U.S. naval pres-
Shultz and U.S. officials travel-
ence in the Persian Gulf. he said:
ing with him repeated Tuesday
"We're not there in a confronta-
that no American officials are cur-
tional mode.
We're there to
rently engaged in negotiations with
protect our interests and those of
Iran. But Shultz said that over the
our friends."
last few months, the United States
has received several feelers from
Iran "in different settings."
From Various Sources
These overtures have come from
private individuals and from gov-
ernments, the officials said. One of
them, about two months ago, came
from a government that seemed to
be a qualified, authoritative inter-
mediary. U.S. officials would not
identify the country.
Shultz said the United States
sent back a message through the
intermediary seeking at first to set
up continuing indirect talks. The
message for Iran, Shultz said, was
this: "We are willing to establish a
channel, a single, authoritative
channel, so name one.
We
don't want to have talks at random
with people."
So far, Shultz said, nothing has
come of these overtures. Asked
why not, he replied, "You'd have to
ask them."
Although the United States had
not previously disclosed these
overtures from Iran, U.S. officials
insisted that Shultz was merely
responding to questions about rela-
tions between the two countries
and that his disclosure had nothing
Signals Readiness to Meet With Iranians
to do with the weekend incident in
airliner.
the Persian Gulf.
"We will continue to seek an end
emphasizing the possibility of ne-
U.S. officials sought to dampen
gotiations with Iran now, at a time
to the Iran-Iraq War," Shultz said.
speculation that the United States
when the regime in Tehran is
"That's the basic problem here. It's
might be on the verge of entering
particularly incensed about the
something that should be stopped,
into talks with Iran. "There's no
U.S. presence in the Persian Gulf.
and this tragedy only underscores
reason to believe anything was
that point."
Asked about the possibility that
imminent or is imminent," a State
Iran will retaliate against the Unit-
Department official said.
'A Little Easier'
ed States through terrorism or
Shultz seemed to be seeking
some other violent incident, Shultz
Recent Iraqi military gains have
general discussions with Iran
replied: "There's always that possi-
restored the two armies to positions
aimed at settling the Iran-Iraq War
similar to those that existed before
bility. That's one of our problems
and improving relations between
with Iran. It is a state that has
the Iran-Iraq War began in 1980,
Tehran and the United States. He
sponsored terrorism.
Of
and Shultz said that "should make
did not mention the possibility of
course we are concerned about
it a little easier" to find a solution to
narrower talks to resolve issues
the war.
that. But it isn't as though this
concerning the downed Iranian
incident has caused Iran to decide
He did not explain why he was
to use terrorism as a tactic."
TIMES, THURSDAY, AUGUST 25, 1988
News Summary
International
A3-15
Secret Western military plans for de-
Israel rejected American criticism of
fending Europe have been given to
Israel's policy of expelling Palestin-
Hungarian intelligence agents by a
ians from the occupied territories.
spy ring uncovered by American and
The State Department had warned Is-
West German officials, the Reagan
rael that the deportations could dam-
Administration said.
Page Al
age U.S.-Israeli relations.
A3
Burma lifted martial law, withdrew
Angola, Cuba and South Africa began
its soldiers from the streets and pro-
talks to set a timetable for the with-
Our exclusive
posed a referendum on an end to one-
drawal of Cuban troops from Angola.
party rule. The announcement came
collection from
Diplomats said that setting a sched-
at the end of a day of widespread
ule for the withdrawal was the main
Joseph Abboud.
demonstrations in Rangoon.
Al
hurdle in negotiations.
A9
Corduroys and all
News analysis: A standoff in Poland
cotton shirts. Pure wool
exists between the Government and
New talks about reunifying Cyprus
were agreed to by the leaders of the
Solidarity. Warsaw has succeeded in
sport jackets and
Greeks and Turks on the island, Sec-
controlling the major damage from
retary General Javier Pérez de Cué-
silk paisley ties.
labor unrest, which appeared to be
llar said. June 1, 1989, was set as the
ebbing.
A1
Meet Joseph Abboud
deadline for a settlement.
All
today from 5 to 7 p.m.
Polish unrest, in 10th day, shows
Sweden's Social Democratic Party,
Joseph Abboud Shop,
signs of waning
A8
which has ruled for 50 of the last 56
First Floor.
years, faces a strong challenge in the
Moscow will buy American grain
election Sept. 18 because of a scandal
Welcome tonight
under an agreement to be completed
over the investigation into the killing
soon with the United States, Adminis-
of Olof Palme.
A4
until 8.
tration officials said. The Soviet
Union plans to buy millions of tons of
Mexicans see tumult come to
wheat, corn and soybeans.
A1
Congress
A7
Iraq has reacted to a cease-fire with
News analysis: Baltics rallies a
Iran with joy and fear that the peace
gamble for Gorbachey
A12
ERGDORF
may not hold. Diplomats say that it
Eritrean rebels emphasize
may be difficult for Iraq to resume
women's rights
A14
the war because Baghdad has de-
picted the cease-fire as a victory.
Burundi blames exiles for out-
A3
break of violence
A15
ODMAN
National
A16-25, B13-15, B28
THE PLAZA IN NEW YORK
Federal rules on garbage landfills
were proposed by the E.P.A. for the
Quotation of the Day
first time to help prevent contamina-
tion by municipal dumps. The rules
"No one tells union members
would impose minimum standards
for state and local laws.
A1
how to vote. Our members and
their families make up their
Federal sentencing guidelines were
own minds."
ruled unconstitutional by a Federal
Lane Kirkland, president
appeals court on the ground that the
of the A.F.L.-C.I.O.
commission that drafted them in-
[A1:3.]
cluded judges, violating the doctrine
of separation of powers.
A16
members how to vote, but they plan
A military contractor has protested
to campaign for Mr. Dukakis.
Al
the awarding of a contract for elec-
tornic equipment and wants the Navy
Vice President Bush attacked Mi-
to conduct a second competition. The
chael Dukakis's military policy and
case stems from the investigation
said he would have signed a bill that
into procurement fraud.
A21
Mr. Dukakis vetoed requiring school
teachers to lead their class in the
In teen-speak, "like" now means
Pledge of Allegiance.
A1
say"
A16
Fire threatens Yellowstone
Michael Dukakis criticized the Rea-
Park's largest development
A16
gan Administration for policies that
Robertson rebuts criticism in
have caused interest rates to rise and
dispute about film
A17
family incomes to fall. He also at-
Shortcomings found in Justice
tacked Vice President Bush's record
Department's ethics policy
A24
on trade policies with Japan.
B14
Judge delays admission to school
for girl with AIDS
B13
Dukakis accuses Bush of duck-
ing early debate
B14
Politics
Bentsen suggests Quayle lacks
B14-15
maturity
B14
Sergio
The A.F.L.-C.I.O. endorsed Michael S.
Washington Talk
A22
Dukakis for President. The labor fed-
Tacchini
eration's president stressed that
Where success is appearing to be
union leaders were not trying to tell
in charge
1-Ups Tennis warm-up suits which
Late Edition
Hunk Times
New. York: Today, partly sunny skies,
afternoon breezes. High 79-83. Tonight,
clear skies. Low 59-66. Tomorrow,
mostly sunny. High 80-84. Yesterday:
High 75, low 62. Details, page B10.
NEW YORK, THURSDAY, AUGUST 25, 1988
se cents beyond 75 miles from New York City,
except on Long Island.
30 CENTS
BOR FEDERATION
U.S. AND EUROPEANS
IDORSES DUKAKIS,
REPORTEDLY BREAK
TING UNION ISSUES
A_MAJOR SPY RING
ONG DRIVE IS PLANNED
8 DETAINED BY 2 NATIONS
land Says the Leadership
Military Secrets Were Routed
on't Impose Its Choice
to Hungary for 10 Years,
on Unwilling Members
Reagan Officials Say
By E. J. DIONNE Jr.
By JEFF GERTH
Special to The New York Times
Special to The New York Times
SHINGTON, Aug. 24 - The
.-C.I.O. today endorsed Gov. Mi-
WASHINGTON, Aug. 24 - American
S. Dukakis for President, hoping
and West German officials have uncov-
abor's support will do more good
ered a spy ring that has been supplying
r. Dukakis in 1988 than it did for
Hungarian intelligence agents with se-
r F. Mondale, the Democratic
cret Western military documents, in-
dential nominee in 1984.
cluding United States Army plans to
e Kirkland, president of the labor
defend Europe, according to Reagan
ation, whose movement suffered
Administration officials familiar with
the case.
years ago from charges that it
"special interest," was at pains
The officials said that the espionage
to emphasize that union leaders
network had existed for at least 10
not trying to impose their choice
years. No names of those involved or
membership.
details of the case have been made pub-
The New York Times/Paul Hosefros
one tells union members how to
lic, but The New York Times learned
Mr. Kirkland declared as a smil-
Michael S. Dukakis acknowledging applause after endorsement by the
about the investigation from officials
Γ. Dukakis stood at his side. "Our
A.F.L.-C.I.O. At right was Lane Kirkland, the labor group's president.
familiar with it.
ers and their families make up,
Officials in Sweden and West Ger-
own minds."
many detained eight people on Tues-
day, these American officials said.
Substantial Effort Planned
Bush Intensifies Debate on Pledge,
Arrests but No Details
the labor movement, weakened
Swedish television reported tonight
e Reagan Presidency both by
es in the economy and by a lack
Asking Why So Upsets Dukakis
that three people of Eastern European
origin were arrested Tuesday on suspi-
npathy from those who adminis-
cion of spying, but did not give details
e labor laws, plans to pour sub-
By STEVEN V. ROBERTS
on the substance of the case. The
al resources into the Democratic
Special le The New York Times
broadcast said that the three, two men
dential campaign, and has up-
and a woman, were arrested in the
its campaign techniques in an ef-
LOS ANGELES, Aug. 24 - With
of Allegiance to the flag of the United
Swedish port of Goteborg, and that they
catch up with its competitors in
President Reagan at his side in a rau-
States."
had spied on a country other than
ess.
cous campaign rally here, Vice Presi-
In a combative speech, Mr. Bush also
Sweden.
leaders of the 14.1-million-mem-
dent Bush intensified his argument
criticized Mr. Dukakis's military poli-
Sven-Olof Hakansson, a senior state
merican Federation of Labor and
with Michael S. Dukakis today over the
cy, saying his Democratic opponent
prosecutor, told the Swedish news
ess of Industrial Organizations
Pledge of Allegiance. He said he would
"would leave America totally defense-
agency that "the case concerns mili-
reason to believe that their mem-
have signed a bill that Mr. Dukakis
less" against missile attacks if elected
tary secrets but I cannot say which
are far more sympathetic to its
vetoed in 1977 requiring teachers to
President. "His policies place him far
country is involved," according to a
this year than they were in 1984.
lead their classes in the pledge.
outside the bipartisan consensus - far
dispatch by Reuters.
1 campaign labor leaders went all
out on the liberal left wing," the Vice
or Mr. Mondale in both the pri-
"What is it about the Pledge of Alle-
President said. "And that's where he is
From Budapest to Moscow
S and the general election, but
giance that upsets him so much?" Mr.
on these security issues."
It is not known when West German
nany of their members defect to
Bush said of Mr. Dukakis, as an en-
'I Like Your Running Mate'
and American officials will make pub-
dent Reagan.
thusiastic crowd roared its agreement.
lic the details about the inquiry, though
"It is very hard for me to imagine that
Mr. Reagan, joining in the highly
New York Times/CBS News
senior officials at the Pentagon and the
conducted so far this year and a
the Founding Fathers - Samuel
partisan spirit of the day, gave his
State Department were told about it in
strongest endorsement to date of Sena-
ate CBS News Poll conducted last
Adams and John Hancock and John
the last few days, officials said. At this
Adams - would have objected to
tor Dan Quayle of Indiana, Mr. Bush's
point, it is not possible to fully assess
ntinued on Page B14, Column 3
teachers leading students in the Pledge
embattled Vice-Presidential choice.
damage to national security, but some
The President said to Mr. Bush: "I
officials said that military experts
must confess, I like your running
were comparing it to the Walker spy
mate."
r Charged in Fraud of Colleges
case of 1985, in which a former United
Mr. Reagan said that Mr. Quayle, a
States Navy warrant officer, John A.
member of the Senate Armed Services
Walker Jr., sold vital Navy information
Committee, had "many more years of
to the Soviets for 16 years.
IMIDT
experience in dealing with national se-
Investigators say they believe that
imes
curity than the leader of the other tick-
et."
the German-based spy ring, with the
aled improper payments from
aid of couriers in Sweden, provided
0 men while they were in college.
But the argument that seemed most
American, West German and North At-
retrial agreements reached with
important to the Bush camp, the one
al prosecutors, they agreed to en-
that aides advertised in advance to re-
Continued on Page A23, Column I
one-year Federal probation pro-
porters, was the transcontinental de-
perform up to 250 hours of com-
bate over the Pledge of Allegiance. The
y service and pay back any schol-
Republicans clearly relished the
money they improperly re.
chance to reply to Mr. sug.
Washington Nearing
THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, AUGUST 25, 1988
U.S. Reports Breaking a Spy Ring
Package Tour:
That Sent Army Secrets to Hungary
99.99
regularly 173.99
Continued From Page Al
A luggage wardrobe
people in the network is of Hungarian
ethnic background, according to offi-
of 5 pieces-
lantic Treaty Organization secrets, ap-
clals. Another person involved in the
parently obtained from American sol-
case, who was picked up Tuesday in
a bon voyage
diers, to the Hungarian intelligence
Sweden, left Hungary in 1956, the year
agency. The Hungarians then shared
of the unsuccessful uprising against
the secrets with the Soviet Union, offi-
the Soviet-backed Government.
cials said.
The unfolding of the case began more
The State Department, in aprepared
than a year ago when American offi-
clais said it was discovered that impor-
statement, said, "We understand that
tant national security information had
there has been an apprehension by
West German authorities, but do not
been compromised but officials were
gift Julk
consider it appropriate to comment at
unable to pinpoint how it had happened.
this time.'
Several developments helped narrow
"Our policy is not to comment on on-
the field, they explained.
going, sensitive investigations, particu-
Evidence From Intercepts
larily when they Involve an allied gov-
One was the electronic interception
ernment," said Phyllis E. Oakley, the
of conversations by an unidentified
deputy to the State Department
Soviet Bloc aide based in Washington,
spokesman.
officials reported. Later, other conver-
A spokesman at the West German
sations related to the case were over-
Embassy in Washington, Eberhard von
heard, an official said.
Schubert, said that the Ambassador
The C.I.A. became suspicious of one
and the chief press spokesman were
of the principals in the network after it
both on leave and that he was unable to
paid him a considerable sum of money
comment on the case.
to get documents out of Hungary. The
It is not known if espionage charges
Ta
suspect kept the hefty advance and
will be brought against anyone. Some
supplied what turned out to be fabri-
Ma
of the people detained in Europe were
cated documents, officials said. Only
lad
brought in only for questioning, offi-
then did the C.I.A. suspect that the indi-
Qu
cials said. Those detained included a
vidual may have been working for the
Nig
retired Army sergeant who has been
Hungarians.
Do
living in West Germany, according to
As the investigation intensified,
60
officials. Investigation of the network
Army officials conducted considerable
Ea
is continuing, they added.
personal surveillance of members of
The available information suggests
the network in West Germany. The
There's a perfect size or combination of sizes for
that the investigation has many of the
Army presented the evidence it had
every trip, from overnights to world cruises. Designed by
elements of a classic esplonage case,
collected to German authorities, who
Pierre Cardin in durable burgundy nylon.
including secret electronic intercepts
then helped investigate and monitor
of conversations, months of tedious
the network, officials said.
Your travel bonus is a coordinating travel kit with our
surveillance and the piecing together
The F.B.I., which is responsible for
compliments. Prices if purchased separately: 25" pullman, 49.99
of disparate bits of information.
investigating espionage cases, played a
18" duffel, 21.99 46" garment bag, 49.99
Paid and Treacherous
key role in supervising the inquiry and
16" flight bag, 21.99 21" weekender, 29.99
89
The case may prove embarrassing to
is monitoring the German case for pos-
the United States and its Western
sible prosecution in the United States,
Eighth Floor, Lord & Taylor, Fifth Avenue.
allies. For example, officials said, the
officials said.
And of all Lord & Taylor stores.
Central Intelligence Agency in the last
few years paid a person in the network
to do work for the agency.
Documents concerning the NATO de-
fense of Europe are believed to have
been stolen, officials said. The Hungar-
ians also obtained United States Army
contingency plans for an American
ground war in Europe against the
Soviet Union, officials said.
In addition, the case has put West
Germany on the spot at a time when it
Fall Florida
has been seeking closer ties with Mos-
cow. Bonn now finds itself investigat-
ing and possibly prosecuting Amer-
Icans living in West Germany, since es-
pionage is not covered under the extra-
dition treaty between the United States
and the Germans.
47% Of
Another impediment to American
prosecution of the case comes in the
form of restrictions on the use in Amer-
ican courts of foreign intelligence in-
formation that has been developed
through telephone taps and other
forms of electronic surveillance, offi-
clais said.
Reasons for Generalization
The officials who discussed the case
cited these matters, among others, in
requesting that their names and agen-
cies not be Identified.
The actions represent the culmina-
tion of an Investigation by American
and German officials lasting more
than a year, officials said. The Amer-
Ican part of the Inquiry mainly In-
volved agents from the Federal Bu-
reau of Investigation and the Army.
Based on the limited information
available about the case, there are a
few years paid a person in the network
to do work for the agency.
Documents concerning the NATO de-
fense of Europe are believed to have
been stolen, officials said. The Hungar-
lans also obtained United States Army
contingency plans for an American
ground war in Europe against the
Soviet Union, officials said.
In addition, the case has put West
Germany on the spot at a time when It
25Aug1988
Fall Florida
has been seeking closer ties with Mos-
cow. Bonn now finds itself Investigat-
ing and possibly prosecuting Amer-
Icans living In West Germany, since es-
plonage is not covered under the extra-
dition treaty between the United States
and the Germans.
47% Of
Another impediment to American
prosecution of the case comes in the
form of restrictions on the use in Amer-
Ican courts of foreign intelligence in-
formation that has been developed
through telephone taps and other
forms of electronic surveillance, offi-
cials said.
Reasons for Generalization
The officials who discussed the case
cited these matters, among others, in
requesting that their names and agen-
cles not be identified.
The actions represent the culmina-
tion of an investigation by American
and German officials lasting more
than a year, officials said. The Amer-
ican part of the Inquiry mainly in-
volved agents from the Federal Bu-
reau of Investigation and the Army.
Based on the limited information
available about the case, there are a
number of unanswered questions. For
example, it is not clear if officials know
how many or exactly which secrets
have been compromised or when this
took place.
Among the documents that officials
believe were passed on to the Hungar-
ians are German as well as NATO
plans, officials said. German secrets
would have had to be compromised in
order for West German officials to
prosecute an espionage case.
Any Agents Remaining?
Another unanswered question is ex-
actly how the spy ring was able to ob-
tain the documents and whether it still
has agents operating Inside the Amer-
ican or West German armed forces. In-
vestigators believe that retired mill-
tary personnel living in West Germany
contacted former colleagues in the
United States Army to obtain some of
the documents, officials said. One offi-
cial said Investigators believe that sol-
diers on active duty in Germany may
have been part of the network until re-
cently.
The United States Army has about
250,000 military personnel in West Ger-
many at more than 200 installations.
It is also not known when the spy net-
work first began operating. Officials
declared, however, that the principals
in this case caused a major security
loss to the United States in the late
1970's, which they refused to describe.
Other losses were said to be more re-
cent.
Though the damage in the two cases
may be comparable, there are a num-
ber of differences between the Walker
case and the one just broken. While Mr.
Walker dealt directly with Soviet
agents in the United States and Europe,
this network worked with the Hungar-
ian intelligence service; Allamvedelmi
Hivatal.
Buy before midnight August 26 and save up to 47% over OI
Well Regarded in the Trade
You can plan on putting some summer warmth into your fall this year. Just take adva
The Hungarian-agency works closely
47% less than our regular Max$avers." That's big savings while you soak up the sun in any
with the Soviet Union and is highly re-
garded by American intelligence ex-
To get these low fares just buy your round trip ticket when reservations are made, be
perts for its ability to handle a long-
round trip purchase for travel to Florida Sunday through Wednesday, returning Tuesday thr
term spy mission effectively. One
American official said the Hungarian
Tickets are good for travel from September 11 through December 15, 1988, except for Nov
Intelligence service might have worked
information only. There are no refunds. However, return reservation changes may be made
with another Eastern European agen-
cy, which he refused to identify, in han-
changed before your originally scheduled return time, and give us 2 days notice of your ne
dling the German case.
flight. Seats are limited.
In the Walker case, his main motiva-
Just when you thought the summer was almost over, our Fall Florida Sale is here to ke
tion was greed. In this case, It is not
known what motivated those involved,
your travel agent or Continental in New York at 212-319-9494 or 718-565-1100, in Newark a
but investigators believe that national-
ity may have played a role. One of the
broke out in Israel today over uh-
comm
usually harsh criticism the United
were
States directed at Israel earlier in the
Gue
week for its policy of expelling Pales-
tinians accused of fomenting the upris-
ing in the occupied territories. Israel
formally rejected the criticism today.
A week ago, the Government de-
ported four Palestinians and issued ex-
pulsion orders for 25 more, by far the
largest deportation order since the up-
rising began last December.
On Monday, Deputy Secretary of
State John C. Whitehead met in Wash-
ington with Oded Eran, deputy chief of
mission in the Israeli Embassy, and
told him Israel should reconsider its
deportation orders or "damage to our
bilateral relations will occur," accord-
ing to an Israeli diplomatic cable de-
Agence France-Presse
scribing the meeting.
Ambassador Thomas R.
Israeli newspapers reported on the
Pickering, above, and Prime
cable today, and American and Israeli
officials confirmed its contents.
Minister Yitzhak Shamir, far left,
American diplomatic statements of
leaving Mr. Shamir's office
that sort to close allies like Israel are
yesterday after their meeting in
extraordinarily rare. The United States
Jerusalem.
Ambassador, Thomas R. Pickering,
met with Prime Minister Yitzhak
Shamir today, and while he reaffirmed
Mr. Whitehead's comments, he also
Nervous Iraqis Cheer the Cease-Fire
said he was sorry the diplomatic ex-
change had been made public.
Within the coalition Government, of-
ficials from the Likud bloc suggested
25Ang 1988 MY Times
that the comments had been made pub-
By ALAN COWELL
President Saddam Hussein, the coun-
Residents here said the usually empty
lic by the Foreign Ministry - which is
Special to The New York Times
try's autocratic leader, who ordered
shelves in state-owned stores had sud-
run by the Labor Party leader, Shimon
BAGHDAD, Iraq, Aug. 24 A cease-
his troops to invade Iran on Sept. 22,
denly been filled. "There are baby
Peres - to embarrass Mr. Shamir as
fire with Iran has stilled eight years of
1980, after what Baghdad says were in-
clothes and food and everything at low
elections on Nov. 1 draw near.
war and given rise to forgotten and
tolerable Iranian provocations.
prices," an Iraqi journalist said. "Peo-
The Foreign Ministry would not say
conflicting passions here: release and
But the festivities unleashed deep
ple are cheering like crazy" after the
whether that assertion was true or
joy and a dread that the fledgling peace
emotions. Teen-age Iraqis told report-
privations of the last eight years.
false but pointed out that Mr. Peres
is yet too frail to hold.
ers that they no longer faced the pros-
Other expectations go deeper. Since
and others in the Labor Party support
Now in its fifth day, the cease-fire,
pect of death for their country, and
1982, Iraqis have generally been
the deportation policy, too.
sponsored by the United Nations, may
were overjoyed at the sudden gift of
barred from leaving the country.
Mr. Shamir told Mr. Pickering that
also have undermined Iraq's readiness
longevity. Other reports mentioned
"Travel is the one thing people are an-
Israel intends to continue deporting
to return to war should the cease-fire
Iraqi and Iranian soldiers, dire ene-
ticipating," the journalist said, "espe-
people considered dangerous to the
collapse.
mies in a war that claimed an esti-
cially the intellectuals, who are the
state. The Prime Minister's press ad-
"In a way, the Iraqis may have made
mated one million lives, fraternizing
most oppressed within the society."
viser, Avi Pazner, said Mr. Pickering
it hard on themselves by depicting the
over tea in remote areas of the front.
What neither Iraqis nor foreigners
told Mr. Shamir the criticism "was
cease-fire as a victory," a Western dip-
"The people here want peace very
expect is political liberalization by one
supposed to be secret, and he was sorry
lomat said. "It will be difficult for them
much," said a storekeeper from the
of the Arab world's most severe re-
it was published."
to get people to contemplate going back
country's Christian minority. "They
gimes. "They will be as tough as ever,
love peace, not war."
Geneva Convention Cited
on the defensive" against Iran.
if not more so, now that they think of
Celebrations and Falling Bullets
As with other Iraqis who spoke in
In Washington, Phyllis E. Oakley, the
random and sometimes brief inter-
deputy to the State Department
Where the response to the cease-fire
views, the man declined to be identi-
spokesman, said Mr. Whitehead "was
has been muted in Iran, celebrations
fied, reflecting a pervasive fear of
here last week verged on hysteria.
being caught saying things that Presi-
"The people here
speaking for the U.S. Government"
when he expressed concern about the
"It seemed everyone had a gun and
dent Hussein's regime might dislike.
expulsions to Mr. Eran. She said the ex-
everyone was firing it into the air," an
"Iraqis are still very very nervous,"
want peace very
pulsions would bring to 60 the number
Iraqi businessman said. "The bullets
a businessman said. "They are nerv-
of Palestinians deported this year.
went up and no one thought about them
ous that it might not last. Each time
much. They love
"That appears to make expulsion the
coming down." The casualities from
they hear the saber-rattling on the
norm rather than the exception," she
the falling bullets may have run into
radio or on television, they think the
hundreds, a Western diplomat said.
peace, not war.'
said. "As a strong friend of Israel, we
cease-fire will all disappear."
are deeply concerned over the widen-
A team of 350 United Nations repre-
Verbal Battles at the U.N.
ing use of expulsions."
sentatives from 24 countries is in place
The United States and others have
along the 740-mile frontier to monitor
The newest verbal sparring began on
themselves as the winners," the jour-
said the deportation policy is a viola-
the cease-fire because of Iran's accept-
Tuesday when Iran, in a letter to the
nalist said.
of the Geneva Convention of 1949.
ance last month of a Security Council
United Nations, accused Iraq of mass-
Publicly, few Iraqis dare challenge
The Government said Israeli law takes
resolution approved a year ago. Direct
ing its technologically superior forces
the wisdom of the conflict. Such ques-
precedence over international law.
peace talks between Iran and Iraq are
at a point on the front line roughly 190
tions are tantamount to a personal af-
The Israeli radio reported today that
to begin Thursday in Geneva.
miles southeast of Baghdad. Iraq said
front to the President, and thus trea-
the Government "countered that the
Like everything else in Iraq, the cele-
it had threatened to use force against
sonous.
Geneva Convention article on deporta-
brations were carefully controlled by
an Iranian buildup, but reported the
tions was written after World War II
Iranians pulling back. The U.N. moni-
Modest and Personal Dreams
and was intended to prevent Nazi-style
toring group reported no cease-fire
So, in some ways the dreams people
mass deportations for the purposes of
Corrections
violations.
are prepared to discuss with outsiders
extermination, enslavement and eco-
Iraq has chosen to portray Iran's
are more modest and personal. Iran is
nomic exploitation."
precipitate acceptance of the cease-
holding an estimated 70,000 Iraqi pris-
The latest leaflet published by the un-
An article on Aug. 15 about the new
fire proposals as a clear victory,
oners, and many families have greeted
derground leadership of the Palestin-
president of the International Broth-
thereby seeking to vindicate President
the cease-fire as a herald of reunion
ian uprising, distributed this week, con-
erhood of Teamsters misstated who
Hussein's leadership. Throughout the
with relatives held in Iranian camps.
demns "the terrorist Rabin and his fas-
was honored at a party sponsored by
war years, intense propaganda has
Diplomats said the authorities will
cist government" for the deportation
the union at the Democratic National
blurred the distinction between his per-
seek to promote economic well-being
policy. As Defense Minister, Yitzhak
Convention. It was Representative
sonality and the nation's survival. Iran
as a palliative should the cease-fire
Rabin signs deportation orders.
William L. Clay, Democrat of Mis-
had long sought the Iraqi leader's
turn to a more durable peace.
Two more Palestinians died in riot-
souri, not Gov. Michael S. Dukakis of
ouster as a condition for peace.
Iraq's foreign commercial debt has
ing Tuesday night and today, bringing
Massachusetts.
"It is his war, Saddam's war," a
soared to $60 billion. But with some of
the number of Palestinians killed in the
Western diplomat said.
the world's largest known oil reserves,
uprising to at least 228.
An article Monday on the Washing-
The cease-fire, therefore, has been
exported through pipelines carrying 2.3
Tuesday night, Palestinians said, 12-
ton Talk page about Congressional
depicted in orchestrated propaganda
million barrels a day of oil, a reduction
year-old Alaa Abu Foul, who lived in
salaries and expenditures misstated
as a personal victory for President
in the war effort should free up money
the Gaza Strip and had meningitis, died
the annual staff payrolls of four Sena-
Hussein, cast as the nation's savior.
for economic improvement, Western
as a result of tear gas inhalation. To-
tors. The Senators and their payrolls
"There was a huge element of homage
diplomats said.
day, Hani Alshami, 42 years old, died
are: Alfonse M. D'Amato, Republican
to the leader," in the celebrations, a
"No one expects them to suddenly
after a fight with soldiers. Palestinians
of New York, $1,543,352; Daniel Pat-
diplomat from the region said.
stop spending money on the military,
said he was beaten to death. The army
rick Moynthan, Democrat of New
"And he must have known that the
because they will want to be sure of
said it was checking both reports.
York, $1,544,546; Bill Bradley, Demo-
festivities would create expectations"
their strength for a long time to come,"
crat of New Jersey, $1,236,084, and
not easily fulfilled, the diplomat said.
a Western diplomat said. "But any
Frank R. Lautenberg, also a New Jer-
The authorities, however, have
liberalization and improvement will
Clash in Southern Lebanon
sey Democrat, $1,217,762.
moved to fulfill some expectations.
have to be economic, not political."
JERUSALEM, Aug. 24 (AP) Is-
A
FOR STYLE INDIVIDUALISTS:
A8
L
THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, AUGUST 25, 1988
Polish Unrest, in 10th Day, Shows Signs of Waning
By JOHN TAGLIABUE
There was widespread speculation a
E
Special to The New York Times
Government shake-up might be im-
WARSAW, Aug. 24 The latest
pending, after it was announced that
round of labor unrest in Poland ap-
the Polish parliament would convene
at the end of the month. Officials of the
H
E
peared on the wane today, as strikes
ended at five coal mines and work re-
Government-endorsed trade unions
sumed at a rail repair yard and large
have said Government leaders should
turbine factory.
be made to account for the labor dis-
But at least eight mines and eight in-
РОБЕ
ruptions, which have crippled major
dustrial enterprises remained crippled
coal mines and shipyards and virtually
by the strikes, and there were reports
shut down the Baltic seaports of
that workers sought for a second con-
Szczecin and Gdansk.
secutive day to organize a strike at the
In a statement issued after their ses-
big Lenin steel foundry at Nowa Huta,
sion on Tuesday, the Politburo mem-
near Cracow in southeastern Poland.
bers said it was urgently necessary to
Steelworkers struck that plant for 10
prepare "provisional measures and a
days during the labor confrontations in
program for the consolidation of the
April and May, before the mill was
national economy."
stormed by riot police who arrested
It did not elaborate, but after the
striking workers and their leaders.
April and May strikes the Government
The current wave of strikes, now in
raised the ceiling for pay increases.
its 10th day, has generated intense in-
Riot police cleared two coal mines,
terest among Poles and has been cov-
the Victoria and Walbrzych mines in
ered extensively on the state-run tele-
Silesia, without using force, after
vision and radio news programs, as
miners occupying two other sites, the
well as in the newspapers.
Andaluzja and the Lenin mines, volun-
Ripple of Food Hoarding
teered to leave.
Today, the Government was strug-
Enormous Economic Losses
gling to contain a ripple of food hoard-
The Government announced tonight
ing that erupted as Poles reacted to the
that miners at the Borynia mine in Sile-
prospect of continuing labor trouble.
sia had also ended their strike.
Friday,
The state-run television reported this
The authorities continue to publicize
Fabric
evening that Poles were hoarding such
the enormous economic losses the
imagina
staples as sugar, flour and butter. A
strikes are producing. The Govern-
senior official responsible for the do-
reading
ment press agency said that the contin-
mestic market gave an interview in
pocket-
uing mine stoppages had already cost
which he sought to assure Poles that
mit Lov
Poland 507,000 metric tons of coal pro-
the Government was taking special
duction and that Polish coal exports
full-size
measures to supply the market, includ-
this year would be cut by 148,000 tons,
you by
ing the purchase of costly imports.
worth $7.4 million.
*No pur
The strikes began in Poland's south-
And there were laments over the
Details
il
ern coal fields nine days ago and
losses caused to trade by the strikes at
spread to plants around the country as
the Baltic seaports of Szczecin and
workers sought the legalization of Soli-
Gdansk, where dock workers have cur-
darity, the outlawed trade union feder-
tailed traffic. One report said that an
ation, and a pay increase to compen-
Associated Press
Egyptian freighter, the Salen VIII, was
sate for price increases included in the
Workers at a repair shipyard in Gdansk, Poland, listening to a speech
forced to depart frm Szczecin with only
Government's plan for reviving the
a part of its cargo of steel products.
economy.
yesterday by Lech Walesa, the founder of Solidarity.
Twelve vessels were said to be await-
At Nowa Huta today, a spokesman
ing to unload at Szczecin's docks.
for the outlawed Solidarity trade union,
Maciej Mach, said that about 1,000
In Gdansk, the Solidarity founder
was apparently preparing for the polit-
The unrest started nine days ago at
the big July Manifesto Mine, in the rich
workers sought to organize a strike in
Lech Walesa, urged striking shipyard
ical consequences of the strikes, the
two of the mill's divisions. Nowa Huta
workers to press their support of the
second wave of labor trouble this year.
coal fields of Upper Silesia near the
employs about 30,000 people.
miners, assailing the Communist lead-
On Tuesday, the ruling Politburo or-
border with Czechoslvakia. Shipyard
dered emergency economic measures
and dock workers in Szczecin and
Walesa Assails Polish Leaders
ership, who he said "brought this coun-
try to impoverishment.'
to halt the spread of further unrest, and
Gdansk, as well as workers at the big
Government officials said there had
But a Solidarity adviser, the essayist
today officials announced that the
steel and machinery enterprise at
been trouble at Nowa Huta today, but
Adam Michnik, later told reporters,
Communist Party Central Commitee
Stalowa Wola, continue to strike in sup-
they would not confirm the start of a
will meet in extraordinary session on
port of the miners.
"the strike situation is wavering."
strike.
At the same time, the Government
Saturday.
Intimidation Preferred to Force
The authorities appear at pains not
to use force to end the strikes. A deci-
A Standoff for Workers and Warsaw
sion last May to use force to clear the
Lenin steel mill at Nowa Huta was met
by an international protest,
Nevertheless, the Government has
Continued From Page Al
deployed large numberş of paramili-
I
are struggling to revive.
tary forces in the last two days, appar-
Sea
Where such propaganda fails, the
NOINN SOVIET
ently in an attempt to intimidate the
the union's persistent ability to take
Bardo
Government resorts to threats. On
striking workers.
hold of spontaneous labor actions and
Monday, the Interior Minister, Gen.
Gdansk
Western journalist reported ob-
use them to hammer at the regime.
Szczecin
Czeslaw Kiszczak, dressed in his mili-
serving four large columns of para-
One chronic complaint of the work-
tary uniform, went on television to an-
military police near Cracow on Tues-
ers is economic hardship. The Govern-
nouce sweeping emergency powers for
POLAND
Warsaw
day, and reporters today passed a col-
ment says it needs higher prices to heal
the leaders of the strike-affected re-
the economy's ills. The reasoning is
GER
umn of 60 to 70 vehicles, some with
gions.
water cannons, approaching Gdansk.
that it can no longer afford the im-
Nowa Huta
Then huge columns of paramilitary
Stalowa
mense price of subsidies that Commu-
forces were set in motion near Kato-
Wola
nist leaders for decades used to fulfill
wice, the mining center in the south,
the promise of a society that made
and around Gdansk, the shipbuilding
basic goods and services like housing,
CZECHOSL
Cracow
city in the north.
food and health care easily affordable
The threats were more image than
by everyone.
OVAKIA
content, but there was a clear mes-
AUSTRIA
sage: The strikes have pushed Poland
For the latest round of labor strife,
HUNGARY
to the brink of martial law, with all the
the coal miners of Upper Silesia sup-
The New York Times/Aug. 25, 1988
terrible restrictions and hardships
plied the tinder.
Efforts to organize a strike at
Poles recall from the years after 1982.
The miners perform hard work and
Nowa Huta reportedly continued.
Appeal From Walesa
put in long hours, often with poor equip-
ment and in unsafe conditions. Most of
To such threats and cajoling, Soli-
the striking miners were in their 20's
darity's response is that the workers
and 30's, some of them lured to the
agers who bartered the offer of a pay
will not pay, through a falling standard
mines by the prospect of freedom from
raise, up to 500 zlotys a day more, for
of living, for a system that distorts and
the draft.
peace.
squanders the effects of their labor and
But for some workers, the
they have no say.
ation, and a pay increase to compen-
sate for price Increases Included in the
Associated Press
Egyptian freighter, the Salen VIII, was
Workers at a repair shipyard in Gdansk, Poland, listening to a speech
forced to depart frm Szczecin with only
Government's splan for reviving the
a part of its cargo of steel products.
economy.
yesterday by Lech Walesa, the founder of Solidarity.
Twelve vessels were said to be await-
At Nowa Huta today, a spokesman
ing to unload at Szczecin's docks.
for the outlawed Solidarity trade union,
Maciej Mach, said that about 1,000
In Gdansk, the Solidarity founder
was apparently preparing for the polit-
The unrest started nine days ago at
workers sought to organize a strike in
Lech Walesa, urged striking shipyard
Ical consequences of the strikes, the
the big July Manifesto Mine, in the rich
two of the mill's divisions. Nowa Huta
workers to press their support of the
second wave of labor trouble this year.
coal fields of Upper Silesia near the
employs about 30,000 people.
miners, assailing the Communist lead-
On Tuesday, the ruling Politburo or-
border with Czechoslvakia. Shipyard
Walesa Assails Polish Leaders
ership, who he said "brought this coun-
dered emergency economic measures
and dock workers An Szczecin and
try to Impoverishment."
to halt the spread of further unrest, and
Gdansk, as well as workers at the big
Government officials said there had
But a Solidarity adviser, the essayist
today officials announced that the
steel and machinery enterprise at
been trouble at Nowa Huta today, but
Adam Michnik, later told reporters,
Communist Party Central Commitee
Stalowa Wola, continue to strike in sup-
they would not confirm the start of a
"the strike situation is wavering."
will meet in extraordinary session on
port of the miners.
strike.
At the same time, the Government
Saturday.
Intimidation Preferred to Force
The authorities appear at pains not
to use force to end the strikes. A decl-
A Standoff for Workers and Warsaw
sion last May to use force to clear the
Lenin steel mill at Nowa Huta was met
by an international protest,
Nevertheless, the Government has
deployed large numbers of paramili-
Continued From Page Al
are struggling to revive.
tary forces in the last two days, appar-
SOVIET
Where such propaganda fails, the
ently in an attempt to intimidate the
Government resorts to threats. On
the union's persistent ability to take
striking workers.
hold of spontaneous labor actions and
Monday, the Interior Minister, Gen.
Gdansk
Western journalist reported ob-
use them to hammer at the regime.
Szczecin
Czeslaw Kiszczak, dressed in his mill-
UNION
serving four large columns of para-
One chronic complaint of the work-
tary uniform, went on television to an-
military police near Cracow on Tues-
ers is economic hardship. The Govern-
nouce sweeping emergency powers for
day, and reporters today passed a col-
POLAND
Warsaw
the leaders of the strike-affected re-
ment says it needs higher prices to heal
umn of 60 to 70 vehicles, some with
the economy's ills. The reasoning is
gions.
water cannons, approaching Gdansk.
that it can no longer afford the Im-
Nown Huta
Then huge columns of paramilitary
Stalows
mense price of subsidies that Commu-
forces were set in motion near Kato-
SILESIA
Wols
nist leaders for decades used to fulfill
wice, the mining center in the south,
the promise of a society that made
and around Gdansk, the shipbuilding
basic goods and services like housing,
/
Cracow
city in the north.
food and health care easily affordable
The threats were more image than
by everyone.
LOVAKIA
content, but there was a clear mes-
AUSTRIA
sage: The strikes have pushed Poland
For the latest round of labor strife,
HUNGARY
to the brink of martial law, with all the
the coal miners of Upper Silesia sup-
The New York Times/Aug 25, 1988
terrible restrictions and hardships
plied the tinder.
Efforts to organize a strike at
Poles recall from the years after 1982.
The miners perform hard work and
Nowa Huta reportedly continued.
Appeal From Walesa
put in long hours, often with poor equip-
ment and in unsafe conditions. Most of
To such threats and cajoling, Soli-
the striking miners were in their 20's
darity's response is that the workers
and 30's, some of them lured to the
agers who bartered the offer of a pay
will not pay, through a falling standard
mines by the prospect of freedom from
raise, up to 500 zlotys a day more, for
of living, for a system that distorts and
the draft.
peace.
squanders the effects of their labor and
But for some workers, the promise
in which they have no say.
A Broken Promise
was kept only from mid-May to mid-
This is what Lech Walesa, a Soli-
The spark was a broken promise.
August, when the enthusiasm behind
darity founder, means when he appeals
In April and May, when the Nowa
the May strikes had faded and man-
to the Government for talks, and tells
Huta steel mill and the Lenin shipyards
agers apparently had second thoughts
them, as he did Monday: "If we sit
in Gdansk were struck for 15 days, the
about the cost. When the miners, who
down to talks, we expect to be treated
miners were finally quieted by man-
earn about 40,000 to 50,000 zlotys a
seriously. We won't discuss the plural-
month, went for their paychecks on
ism question, because pluralism is be-
Aug. 15, some found up to 10,000 zlotys
yond discussion."
a month less than the month before.
The next day, the strikes began.
And that is why the principal de-
Miners Strike to Protest
mand in these strikes has been the re-
During the latest strikes, the Govern-
ment has hammered at the workers
turn of Solidarity.
Austerity in Hungary
with the full force of its propaganda
But this is the one demand, even in
machine, arguing that the economy
the midst of the current unrest, on
cannot Improve so long as the workers
which the Government refuses to yield.
BUDAPEST, Aug. 24 (AP) - More
lounge in the sun, making slogans.
So the standoff continues, if only be-
than 300 miners were on strike at an
Unlike April and May, when the Gov-
cause It often suffices to bring out a few
important southern mining area today.
ernment only grudgingly reported on
hundred workers to cripple an enter-
the state radio said. It was the first re-
the strikes, the reporting this time has
prise that employs thousands.
ported worker protest of strict eco-
been overwhelming. Radio and televi-
nomic. policies Imposed under Prime
sion news programs have gone down
Minister Karoly Grosz.
the list of struck mines and factories,
Yugoslav Bread Riot Reported
The workers, at the Mescek mine in
and Poles have gotten a glimpse of
BELGRADE, Yugoslavia, Aug. 24
Komlo, were demanding that their full
scenes never before shown on the state-
(AP) - Workers struggling to make
bonuses be restored and that the in-
run television.
ends meet under Yugoslavia's rising
come tax introduced by Mr. Grosz be
Workers are shown behind banners
inflation stampeded while waiting on
changed, the radio said.
reading "Solidarity," or chanting the
line to buy bread, and a newspaper
A later radio report indicated that a
slogan, "No freedom without Solidari-
here said today that 20 people had been
compromise might be reached to re-
ty!" Even the strikers' art caricatures
injured. The incident reportedly took
store some of the miners' bonuses. But
of the Government's intensely disliked
place in the town of Titov Veles in
there was no final word as representa-
spokesman, Jerzy Urban, make it onto
Macedonia, Yugoslavia's southern-
tives of management, the strikers and
prime-time television.
most province, the Belgrade daily
the official mine workers' union were
Vecernje Novosti said. It did not indi-
reported meeting with Deputy Prime
Damage to Economy Cited
cate when It occurred. Quoting a local
Minister Peter Medgyessy.
But the message drilled home behind
paper, Nova Macedonia, the Belgrade
The state press agency called the
the images, in countless commentaries
daily said that bakeries often disregard
strike "a pure Industrial dispute with
and interviews with Poles on the street,
instructions to produce at least 60 per-
no political undertones." The strike
is the Government's: The strikes are
cent of their loaves in cheaper bread
came at a time of widespread labor un-
damaging an economy that officials
varieties.
rest in Poland.
Reports on strikes in Hungary have
been rare since the uprising against
the Soviet Union was quashed in 1956.
LAST DAYS
The state press agency said the
strike began Tuesday night when 150
miners refused to work at one entrance
Timberland
EVENT
to the mine at Komlo, 100 miles south of
Budapest near the Yugoslav border.
The state radio said this afternoon that
150 more workers had refused to work
for Men & Women
and that the strike was spreading.
Reg $70 to $190
Save $5 to $15 per pair
WORLD'S FINEST WATCHES
Men:
Women:
WE ARE NOT ON A CORNER &
WE DO NOT RUN LARCE ADS
Narrow: 9.12.13
Narrow: 7-10
6.12.13,11,15
Medium: 5 1/2-10
THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, AUGUST 25, 1988
3 NATIONS DISCUSS
ANGOLA PULLOUTS
4-DAY
Talks in Brazzaville Seeking
to Establish a Timetable
for Cuban Withdrawal
STOREWIDE
S
By JAMES BROOKE
Special to The New York Times
BRAZZAVILLE, Congo, Aug. 24
Angola, Cuba and South Africa started
talks today to set a timetable for the
withdrawal of Cuban troops from An-
SAVE 20%,
3
gola.
The Cuban expeditionary force has
been in Angola since 1975, when it
helped a Marxist Angolan guerrilla
group seize power. The force is now
thought to number around 47,000 men.
Establishing an acceptable schedule
for a complete Cuban withdrawal is
EVEN 50%
seen here as the greatest hurdle in the
negotiations, which began in May.
"This is the big one - it's all brass
tacks, and they are all pointing up," an
American diplomat said today. The
TAKE 25% OFF TICKET PRICES
United States is mediating the three
TAKE 25% A
days of talks, which are being held at
the level of military chief of staff.
ON ACCESSORIES
AT-HOME LUX
The three-sided talks have produced
a cease-fire in Angola between South
Africa, Angola and Cuba and a Sept. 1
Sunglasses. All styles for men and women, 25% off.
All flatware. All S
deadline for the removal of all South
African soldiers from Angola.
Challis scarves. Our entire collection for women, 25% off.
flatware, 25% off
Namibia Independence Planned
South Africa has also tentatively
Summer shoes. All already reduced styles for women,
All lamps. Our en
agreed that on Nov. 1 it will start a
United Nations plan leading to inde-
an extra 25% off.
25% off.
pendence for South-West Africa, also
known as Namibia, the territory South
All already reduced intimate apparel, an extra 25% off.
All clocks, from
Africa rules in defiance of United Na-
tions resolutions. The South Africans
Handbags. A special collection of pre-season styles, 25% off.
to kitchen casuals
have made it clear that they will with-
draw their troops from Namibia only if
All fireplace gea
Cuban troops leave Angola.
A timetable for a Cuban pullout
looms large here because Angola's
TAKE 20% AND 25% OFF
Government has not reduced its mili-
TAKE 25%, 3
tary dependence on the Cubans. In
TICKET PRICES ON FORWARD
1977, there were 20,000 Cuban troops in
TICKET PRIO
Angola, less than half today's level.
Brazzaville is the site of the sixth
FALL COATS FOR MISSES
round of talks, following London, Cairo,
AND TABLE I
New York, Cape Verde and Geneva.
Publicly, the South Africans say the
New jackets. Wools and active looks with down or
Cubans must leave Angola by next
All printed sheet
June. The Angolans say publicly that
poly filling, selected styles, 25% off.
they should leave in four years.
Narrowing this gap to a mutually ac-
Luxury fabrics. Selected camel hair
All blankets and
ceptable period is the task of the Amer-
ican mediator, Chester A. Crocker,
and cashmere blends, 20% off.
All bed pillows ai
Assistant Secretary of State for Af-
rican Affairs. Since taking his State De-
Winter wise wools. A collection of smart styles, 25% off.
All curtains and
partment post in 1981, Mr. Crocker has
advocated linking a Cuban troop with-
All bath accessor
drawal from Angola with a South Af-
rican withdrawal from Namibia.
JUNIORS, TAKE AN EXTRA 50% OFF
For years, Mr. Crocker's efforts for a
Thirsty towels. A
southern Africa peace package
produced little results. But a series of
TICKET PRICES ON ALL ALREADY
Royal Velvet and
recent events have started pushing the
parties toward an accord.
REDUCED CLOTHING!
bath rugs, 35% or
Prodding From Soviets
All table linens a
The Soviet Union, Angola's principal
arms supplier, has started prodding
the Angolans to end the 13-year-old
TAKE 25% OFF TICKET PRICES ON MISSES'
war. A Soviet specialist in African af-
TAKE 25% TO
fairs, Vladilen M. Vasev, is here as an
observer to the talks.
SPORTSWEAR, SEPARATES AND DRESSES
For the South Africans, the military
SUPERB FUR
balance shifted unfavorably this spring
as Cuba flew men and weapons to
Skirts and pants. All styles by Katie Brooke and Hunter,
southern Angola. The Cubans set up a
Cherry and mahog
280-mile front line about 15 miles north
25% off.
of the Namibian border.
furniture. Our entir
As more white South African soldiers
Dresses. All already reduced styles, an extra 25% off.
were killed, the war became increas-
ingly unpopular In South Africa. On the
All
already reduced and blouses, an extra 25% off.
Baker. Our enti
Cubans must leave Angola by next
June. The Angolans say publicly that
poly filling, selected styles, 25% off.
they should leave in four years.
All blankets and
Narrowing this gap to a mutually ac-
Luxury fabrics. Selected camel hair
ceptable period is the task of the Amer-
Ican mediator, Chester A. Crocker,
and cashmere blends, 20% off.
All bed pillows a
Assistant Secretary of State for Af-
rican Affairs. Since taking his State De-
Winter wise wools. A collection of smart styles, 25% off.
All curtains and
partment post in 1981, Mr. Crocker has
advocated linking a Cuban troop with-
All bath accesso
drawal from Angola with a South Af-
rican withdrawal from Namibia.
JUNIORS, TAKE AN EXTRA 50% OFF
For years, Mr. Crocker's efforts for a
Thirsty towels. A
southern Africa peace package
produced little results. But a series of
TICKET PRICES ON ALL ALREADY
Royal Velvet and
recent events have started pushing the
parties toward an accord.
REDUCED CLOTHING!
bath rugs, 35% o
Prodding From Soviets
All table linens a
The Soviet Union, Angola's principal
arms supplier, has started prodding
the Angolans to end the 13-year-old
TAKE 25% OFF TICKET PRICES ON MISSES'
war. A Soviet specialist in African af-
TAKE 25% T
fairs, Viadilen M. Vasev, is here as an
observer to the talks.
SPORTSWEAR, SEPARATES AND DRESSES
For the South Africans, the military
SUPERB FUR
balance shifted unfavorably this spring
as Cuba flew men and weapons to
Skirts and pants. All styles by Katie Brooke and Hunter,
southern Angola. The Cubans set up a
Cherry and mahd
280-mile front line about 15 miles north
25% off.
of the Namibian border.
furniture. Our ent
As more white South African soldiers
Dresses. All already reduced styles, an extra 25% off.
were killed, the war became Increas-
ingly unpopular in South Africa. On the
All already reduced sweaters and blouses, an extra 25% off.
Baker. Our en
diplomatic front, Pretoria evidently
reasoned that it was better to reach a
deal mediated by Reagan Administra-
Jantzen, White Stag, Koret and Dunner: all already
and occasional
tion officials than to gamble on the un-
knowns of a future administration.
reduced styles, an extra 25% off.
Quality beddl
Starting Sept. 1, the cease-fire is to be
Better sportswear: all already reduced styles,
from Simmons
observed by another player in the re-
gion, the 10,000-member guerrilla
army of the South-West African Peo-
except swimwear, an extra 25% off.
ple's Organization. Based in southern
Angola, it has been fighting since 1966
All already reduced girls' apparel, 4 to 14, an extra 25% off.
TAKE 20% A
to win independence for Namibia.
Unita Not Taking Part
ON AUTUMN-
The group is widely seen as the prob-
MEN, TAKE 25% OFF TICKET PRICES ON
able winner of free elections in Namib-
Casual furniture
ia, because it has the support of the
territory's biggest ethnic group, the
NEXT SEASON NEWS
Ovambo. Two members of the group's
All already redu
central committee are here to observe
the talks.
All B. Altman's shetland and lambswool pullover, cardigans
Summer housew
The only major player not in attend-
and vests, 25% off.
ance is the National Union for the Total
Independence of Angola, or Unita.
an extra 25% off
Armed by South Africa and the United
All our own flannel and corduroy sportshirts, 25% off.
States, this rebel army fields about
All pro cookware
35,000 guerrillas. Unita representatives
All already reduced shoes for men, an extra 25% off.
have said they will not observe the
25% off.
cease-fire, declared Aug. 8.
Indeed, the Angolan military said re-
All gadgets and d
cently that during the first week of the
TAKE 1/3 OFF TICKET PRICES
cease-fire, 202 "Unita bandits" and 57
All Chemex coffe
Angolan Army soldiers died in clashes.
Unita's leader, Jonas Savimbi, has
ON BEAUTIFUL RUGS
said he wants a political solution to the
war - a demand consistently rejected
by Angolan Government officials.
Lavish orientals. Every hand-woven Chineses rug in our
Revere Cookw
collection, 1/3 off.
stockpots, bowl
Botha Reports to Parllament
Charming dhurries. Every hand-woven dhurrie
Limited quantit
Special to The New York Times
CAPE TOWN, Aug. 24 - President
in our stock, 1/3 off.
P. W. Botha, in his first major speech
on the peace talks since they began
three months ago, today began prepar-
ing white South Africans for the inde-
SALE STARTS TODAY AT ALL B. ALT
pendence of South-West Africa.
Addressing a special joint meeting of
the segregated three-house Parliament
here, Mr. Botha said: "The day the
ENDS SUNDAY, AUGUST
territory becomes Independent as a re-
sult of a free choice by its people and
the Cubans have withdrawn from An-
gola, then South Africa will be able to
(PARAMUS CLOSED SUN
say: The struggle was not in vain; we
contributed to the peace and stability
of the whole of southern Africa."
He faced strong opposition from the
leader of the far-right Conservative
Party, Dr. Andries Treurnicht, who
warned that independence could mean
"suicide" for 100,000 whites in the
territory.
B.ALTMAN
The President said, "South Africa's
good-will Is proved by the fact that our
forces have begun to withdraw from
southern Angola."
SHORT HILLS
ST. DAVIDS
WHITE PLAINS
But he repeated the Government
position that the Namibian Independ-
ence process could not begin until
MORE HOURS TO SHOP B. ALTMAN'S FIFTH AVENUE. THURSDAY 10 TO 8, ALL OTHER WEEKDA
agreement on the total withdrawal of
Monday-Friday Ridgewood/Paramus and Short Hills, 10:00 to 9.00. Monday & Thursday. White Plains and Manhasset, 10:00
Cuban troops had been reached.
In N.Y.C. call (212) 689-7000, 9:30 to 5:30. Monday thru Friday. Out of town, call Toll Free 1-800-228-5000. Use your Altman Account.
THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, AUGUST 25, 1988
first round of talks on political reuni-
tier, minefields and a United Nations
key are improving, follo
Greek and Turkish Cypriots to Resume Talks
fication in Nicosia on Sept. 15.
peacekeeping force of over 2,000 sol-
talks between their prim
At the end of this first round of talks,
diers. Turkey maintains a garrison of
Switzerland last Januar
probably in late October or early
some 30,000 soldiers in the north and
cial visit to Athens by R
November, the two Cypriot leaders will
has brought in about 50,000 settlers.
120,000-strong Turkish minority after
Turgut Ozal of Turkey th
By PAUL LEWIS
which is recognized only by Turkey.
fly to New York to report on their
About 180,000 Greek-speaking Cypri-
Prime Minister Oza
The Greek and Turkish Cypriot lead-
Greek Cypriot officers overthrew the
progress to the Secretary General.
ots fled at the time of the invasion to
closer economic and poi
Special to The New York Times
ers said their meeting today had
Government of Archbishop Makarios
After their lunch today, the two
join the Greek majority in the south.
GENEVA, Aug. 24 - The leaders of
tween Turkey and the E
the Greeks and Turks on Cyprus
"created a new opportunity for finding
and called for union with Greece.
Cypriot leaders both expressed satis-
The Greek Cypriots, who now number
The new bid to unify Cyprus will be
munity and has said fu
a just and lasting solution to the Cyprus
faction with the outcome and said they
about 500,000, enjoy a much higher
agreed today to start new talks about
based on the broad agreement reached
is his eventual goal.
problem." But they also said that reu-
had got along well together. It was the
standard of living than the Turks.
reunifying their divided Mediterra-
by the Greeks and Turks in 1977 and re-
blocking his efforts un
niting the island would require "a
first time they had ever met.
A meeting in 1985 between Mr. Denk-
nean island and set June 1, 1989, as the
determined and sustained effort by
affirmed in 1979, under which the is-
issue is resolved.
"The chemistry was good," Mr.
tash and the then president of Cyprus,
deadline for a settlement.
both sides as well as the creation of an
land is to become a federal republic
Denktash told reporters afterwards,
Earlier this year, Mr.
Spyros Kyprianou, collapsed.
The agreement to open new unifica-
atmosphere of mutual confidence."
comprised of separate and largely au-
describing Mr. Vassiliou as "a pleasant
the presidency of Cypru
tion talks came in a statement read by
tonomous Greek and Turkish regions.
man to talk to."
Indications of Flexibility
liou, who is widely CO
Secretary General Javier Pérez de
Turkish Invasion in 1974
The big British air base on Cyprus
"The biggest achievement of the day
Since then, however, several new
pragmatic and flexible
Cuéllar of the United Nations after a
The island of Cyprus has been effec-
will not be affected by the peace talks,
is that we have the feeling we can talk
developments have raised hope that an
cessor. To make Turkisi
working lunch he held for George Vas-
tively partitioned into separate Greek
officials say, since it is British sover-
to one another," President Vassiliou
agreement may now be possible be-
drawal more palatable 1
siliou, President of the internationally
eign territory and would not be part of
said at a news conference this evening.
tween the two sides, United Nations of-
suggested demilitariza
recognized Republic of Cyprus, and
and Turkish states since the Turkish
Rauf Denktash, head of the breakaway
Army occupied the northern part in
any reunified Cypriot state.
The Turks and Greeks on Cyprus are
ficials and diplomats say.
land, with Greece rem
1974. Ankara said it acted to protect the
The two Cypriot leaders will open a
separated today by a barbed wire fron-
Relations between Greece and Tur-
force from southern Cyp
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus,
SAVINGS
REG., ORIG.*, FORM., AND TICKETED PRICES
THURSDAY
FRIDAY
SATURDA
THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, AUGUST 25, 1988
A11
first round of talks on political reuni-
tier, minefields and a United Nations
key are improving, following informal
and Turkish Cypriots to Resume Talks
fication in Nicosia on Sept. 15.
peacekeeping force of over 2,000 sol-
talks between their prime ministers in
At the end of this first round of talks,
diers. Turkey maintains a garrison of
Switzerland last January and an offi-
probably in late October or early
some 30,000 soldiers in the north and
cial visit to Athens by Prime Minister
November, the two Cypriot leaders will
has brought in about 50,000 settlers.
Turgut Ozal of Turkey this summer.
which is recognized only by Turkey.
120,000-strong Turkish minority after
PAUL LEWIS
fly to New York to report on their
About 180,000 Greek-speaking Cypri-
Prime Minister Ozal is seeking
The Greek and Turkish Cypriot lead-
Greek Cypriot officers overthrew the
progress to the Secretary General.
ots fled at the time of the invasion to
to The New York Times
closer economic and political links be-
ers said their meeting today had
Government of Archbishop Makarios
After their lunch today, the two
join the Greek majority in the south.
Aug. 24 - The leaders of
tween Turkey and the European Com-
"created a new opportunity for finding
and called for union with Greece.
Cypriot leaders both expressed satis-
The Greek Cypriots, who now number
and Turks on Cyprus
to start new talks about
a just and lasting solution to the Cyprus
The new bid to unify Cyprus will be
munity and has said full membership
faction with the outcome and said they
about 500,000, enjoy a much higher
based on the broad agreement reached
is his eventual goal. But Greece is
problem." But they also said that reu-
had got along well together. It was the
standard of living than the Turks.
heir divided Mediterra-
by the Greeks and Turks in 1977 and re-
blocking his efforts until the Cyprus
niting the island would require "a
first time they had ever met.
A meeting in 1985 between Mr. Denk-
nd set June 1, 1989, as the
issue is resolved.
determined and sustained effort by
affirmed in 1979, under- which the is-
"The chemistry was good," Mr.
tash and the then president of Cyprus,
settlement.
both sides as well as the creation of an
land is to become a federal republic
Earlier this year, Mr. Kyprianou lost
Denktash told reporters afterwards,
Spyros Kyprianou, collapsed.
nent to open new unifica-
atmosphere of mutual confidence."
comprised of separate and largely au-
describing Mr. Vassiliou as "a pleasant
the presidency of Cyprus to Mr. Vassi-
ne in a statement read by
man to talk to."
Indications of Flexibility
tonomous Greek and Turkish regions.
liou, who is widely considered. more
eneral Javier Pérez de
Turkish Invasion in 1974
The big British air base on Cyprus
"The biggest achievement of the day
Since then, however, several new
pragmatic and flexible than his prede-
e United Nations after a
The island of Cyprus has been effec-
will not be affected by the peace talks,
is that we have the feeling we can talk
developments have raised hope that an
cessor. To make Turkish military with-
h he held for George Vas-
tively partitioned into separate Greek
officials say, since it is British sover-
to one another," President Vassiliou
agreement may now be possible be-
drawal more palatable to Turks, he has
lent of the internationally
eign territory and would not be part of
said at a news conference this evening.
tween the two sides, United Nations of-
suggested demilitarization of the is-
Republic of Cyprus, and
and Turkish states since the Turkish
sh, head of the breakaway
Army occupied the northern part in
any reunified Cypriot state.
The Turks and Greeks on Cyprus are
ficials and diplomats say.
land, with Greece removing its small
1974. Ankara said it acted to protect the
The two Cypriot leaders will open a
separated today by a barbed wire fron-
Relations between Greece and Tur-
force from southern Cyprus.
ablic of Northern Cyprus,
SAVINGS
REG., ORIG.*, FORM., AND TICKETED PRICES
HURSDAY
FRIDAY
SATURDAY
THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, AUGUST 25, 1988
Baltic Demonstrations: A Gamble for Gorbachev
By bill KELLER
FINLAND
crowd officially estimated at 100,000
Demonstrations that were previ-
SOVIET
Special to The New York Times
UNION
and unofficially at twice that number
ously suppressed are now given
MOSCOW, Aug. 24 - The slogans
- reportedly heard speakers read a
favorable coverage on local television.
Helsinki
and speeches in the three Baltic repub-
Leningrad
letter from United States senators de-
Played Down by Moscow Press
lics Tuesday night must have burned
nouncing the "illegal Soviet occupa-
the ears of the more conservative col-
Gulf of Finland
tion" of the Baltics. The United States
The Moscow press and central televi-
leagues of Mikhail S. Gorbachev, the
ESTONIA
still does not recognize Soviet sover-
sion have treated these events ginger-
Soviet leader. The speakers, Estonians,
LATVIA
Moscow
eignty in the region.
ly, either ignoring them or playing
Riga
Latvians and Lithuanians
Few in the Baltics believe that seces-
down their nationalist content, but
who had received official
ITHUANIA
Atlentic
sion from the Soviet Union is a realistic
word of the Baltic developments has
News
Vilnius
Ocean
permission to assemble,
possiblity, and far fewer publicly advo-
stirred great excitement among Mos-
Analysis
called for independence
cate such a course.
cow intellectuals.
Kaunas
from Moscow, equated
"If you talk about people's emotions,
Janis Peters, head of the Latvian
Communism with the Nazi
POLAND
then certainly there is some sentiment
Writers Union, said in a recent inter-
swastika and accused the Soviet au-
Area
of
for independence," said Rein Helme,
view that Mr. Gorbachev seemed to
detail
thorities of falsifying history.
an historian at the central government
have singled out the Baltics as a kind of
There is no official explanation why
archives in Tallinn. "But real inde-
laboratory.
0 Miles 100
the authorities were so lenient about
pendence in the political sense, no, that
"Gorbachev has given us the sense
the demonstrations. But it appears that
The New York Times/Aug. 25, 1988
is naïve."
that we are living in a different kind of
Mr. Gorbachev may be gambling that
Rallies in Lithuania, Latvia, and
"What we realistically want is the
Soviet Union," he said.
if the three tiny republics are given a
Estonia questioned Soviet rule.
right to solve our own economic, politi-
The Baltic republics have eagerly
measure of freedom, they will be more
cal, demographic and cultural prob-
taken up Mr. Gorbachev's calls for
eager to take the lead in his plans to re-
lems," he said.
greater free enterprise and local eco-
Moscow has no reservations these
nomic initiatives. Private businesses
vive the Soviet economy.
Economic Automony Sought
And it is the economic restructuring
days about attacking Stalin's domestic
have developed faster than in other re-
known in Russian as perestroika, that
cruelties, but Mr. Gorbachev is clearly
Specifically, independent political
publics. Some factories have become
seems to be driving Mr. Gorbachev
unwilling to renounce Stalin's foreign
movements that have grown up in re-
showplaces of good management, and
these days.
policy moves such as the annexation of
cent months call for greater control of
Baltic economists are pushing for a
The risk in this gamble is that the
the Baltic states, of formerly Ruma-
local economies, including the power to
free trade zone in a Baltic seaport.
pent-up resentment of Estonians, Lat-
nian Bessarabia, and of large chunks of
veto environmentally harmful develop-
Mr. Gorbachev, casting about for
vians and Lithuanians may prove diffi-
eastern Poland. To even hint that these
ment projects. They demand an end to
success stories, often turns to the Bal-
cult to control, as the emotions of
postwar enlargements of the Soviet
russification of the culture, including
tics.
Armenians did earlier this year.
Union were wrong could fan the hopes
equal status for their native languages
Tass Voices Uneasiness
An outpouring of hostility against
of Chinese and Japanese, who have
and the right to limit the immigration
Soviet authority, or against the large
also been at odds with Moscow over
of Russians into the republics.
Yet official uneasiness about the
Russian minorities living in the three
territorial questions.
While professing enthusiastic sup-
three republics remains, as reflected
republics, might imperil support in the
port for Mr. Gorbachev's economic and
today in the Tass report on the demon-
But in this era of "openness," many
Soviet leadership for Mr. Gorbachev's
in the Kremlin must be embarrassed
political program, these groups go be-
strations.
broader campaign of liberalization.
by the decision to refuse even to ac-
yond him.
"The rallies in the Baltic republics
The People's Front of Estonia, an of-
showed the enhanced civic activity of
Huge Gatherings Allowed
knowledge the existence of the secret
protocol. Moscow sticks to the official
ficially approved independent political
the people and their growing interest in
This implicit bargain was evident
view is that there is no proof that the
group that now claims 60,000 adher-
history now that acute problems can be
Tuesday as the authorities permitted
ents, last week published a platform
openly discussed thanks to the policy of
secret protocol is genuine, even though
tens of thousands of Lithuanians, Lat-
calling for an end to all state censor-
glasnost," Tass said. "At the same
the opening of the Nazi archives in the
vians and Estonians to gather in emo-
early posywar years and the testimony
ship, virtually unlimited private enter-
time, one cannot fail to notice destruc-
tional public rallies that questioned the
prise and an end to the Communist par-
tive nationalist sentiments that benefit
of Germans involved in the policy seem
very legitimacy of Soviet rule in the
incontrovertible.
ty's "monopoly" on political power.
only forces opposed to the campaign
Baltics.
A year ago, this was the talk of the
for perestroika."
The occasion was the anniversary of
Independence Between Wars
most fearless dissidents. But at some
Mr. Helme, the historian, said he un-
the 1939 Stalin-Hitler nonaggression
The demonstraters reveled in open
point in the last few months - Baltic
derstood why officials in Moscow
pact, with its secret protocol dividing
nostalgia for the independence they
residents say they cannot pinpoint an
might be nervous.
Eastern Europe into Soviet and Ger-
had before Soviet power, flying the
exact turning point - Moscow began to
"I'm absolutely convinced that all
man spheres of influence.
long-banned flags of that period from
relax the old limits. It is not at all clear
this could not be taking place without
In the Baltics this document, discov-
the end of World War I until puppet
that Mr. Gorbachev intends to satisfy
the permission of Moscow," he said.
ered by Western Allies at the end of
parliaments voted in 1940 to join the
the demands of the Baltics, but he has
"They have the power to stop it if they
World War II, is evidence that the
Soviet Union.
allowed them to be expressed.
want, and they are not stopping it.
Soviet Union had plans to occupy the
In the Estonian capital, Tallinn, a
The Estonian Front and similar inde-
"But on the other hand, this widening
region by force even before the war
crowd numbering 12,000 jeered and
pendent groups in Latvia and Lithua-
self-consciousness has developed too
broke out, and did not, as official Soviet
hooted as protest organizers showed
nia seem to have almost unlimited ac-
quickly for Moscow to lead it. Now they
history has it, finally yield to popular
old newsreels of Soviet tanks rolling
cess to the official press to publish pro-
are giving us permission almost after
demand and agree to incorporate the
into their territory.
posals far beyond what is printed in the
the fact. The people are moving ahead
three former independent states.
In Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania, a
Moscow newspapers.
of the Government."
Text of '39 Pact: Baltic Nations Enter Soviet Orbit
Demonstrations on Tuesday in the
Baltic republics of Latvia, Lithuania
and Estonia marked the anniversary
of a 1939 nonaggression treaty be-
tween the Soviet Union and Nazi Ger-
many. A secret protocol to the treaty,
found and made public by the West at
the end of World War II, is considered
the basis for the Soviet takeover of
the Baltic region in 1940. The Soviets,
however, say the protocol may be
fraudulent. Here is the text of the
treaty and protocol, as published by
the State Department.
The Government of the German
Reich and the Government of the
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,
desirous of strengthening the cause of
peace between Germany and the
U.S.S.R., and proceeding from the
fundamental provisions of the Neu-
trality Agreement concluded in April
1926 between Germany and the
U.S.S.R., have reached the following
history has it, finally yield to popular
old newsreels of Soviet tanks rolling
cess to the official press to publish pro-
giving
permission
demand and agree to incorporate the
into their territory.
posals far beyond what is printed in the
the fact. The people are moving ahead
three form independent states.
In Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania, a
Moscow newspapers.
of the Government."
Text of '39 Pact: Baltic Nations Enter Soviet Orbit
Demonstrations on Tuesday in the
Baltic republics of Latvia, Lithuania
and Estonia marked the anniversary
of a 1939 nonaggression treaty be-
tween the Soviet Union and Nazi Ger-
many. A secret protocol to the treaty,
found and made public by the West at
the end of World War II, is considered
the basis for the Soviet takeover of
the Baltic region in 1940. The Soviets,
however, say the protocol may be
fraudulent. Here is the text of the
treaty and protocol, as published by
the State Department.
The Government of the German
Reich and the Government of the
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,
desirous of strengthening the cause of
peace between Germany and the
U.S.S.R., and proceeding from the
fundamental provisions of the Neu-
trality Agreement concluded in April
1926 between Germany and the
U.S.S.R., have reached the following
agreement:
[I]
Both High Contracting Parties obli-
gate themselves to desist from any
act of violence, any aggressive action,
and any attack on each other, either
The New York Times
individually or jointly with other
powers.
Stalin, in white jacket, watching as his Foreign
eign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop, Under Sec-
[II]
Minister, Vyacheslav M. Molotov, signed the Nazi-
retary of State Friedrich Gauss, G. Hilger of the
Soviet Nonagression Pact in Moscow on Aug. 23,
German Legation and Count Friederich Werner
Should one of the High Contracting
1939. The Germans with them were, from left, For-
von der Schulenberg, Ambassador to Moscow.
Parties become the object of belliger-
ent action by a third power, the other
High Contracting Party shall in no
putes or conflicts exclusively through
the Nonaggression Pact between the
manner lend its support to this third
spheres of influence of Germany and
friendly exchange of opinion or, if
German Reich and the Union of So-
the U.S.S.R. shall be bounded approxi-
power.
necessary, through the establishment
cialist Soviet Republics, the under-
[III]
mately by the line of the rivers
of arbitration commissions.
signed plenipotentiaries of each of the
Narew, Vistula and San.
[VI]
two parties discussed in strictly con-
The Governments of the two High
fidential conversations the question
The question of whether the inter-
Contracting Parties shall in the fu-
The present treaty is concluded for
of the boundary of their respective
ests of both parties make desirable
ture maintain continual contact with
a period of 10 years, with the proviso
spheres of influence in Eastern Eu-
the maintehance of an independent
one another for the purpose of consul-
that, insofar as one of the High Con-
tation in order to exchange informa-
rope. These conversations led to the
Polish state and how such a state
tracting Parties does not denounce it
tion on problems affecting their com-
following conclusions:
should be bounded can only be defi-
one year prior to the expiration of this
nitely determined in the course of fur-
mon interests.
period, the validity of this treaty shall
1. In the event of a territorial ano
ther political developments.
[IV]
automatically be extended for an-
political rearrangement in the areas
other five years.
belonging to the Baltic States (Fin-
In any event, both Governments
Neither of the two High Contracting
[VII]
land, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania), the
will resolve this question by means of
Parties shall participate in any
northern boundary of Lithuania shall
a friendly agreement.
grouping of powers whatsoever that
The present treaty shall be ratified
represent the boundary of the
3. With regard to Southeastern Eu-
is directly or indirectly aimed at the
within the shortest possible time. The
spheres of influence of Germany and
rope, attention is called by the Soviet
other party.
ratifications shall be exchanged in
the U.S.S.R. In this connection, the in-
side to its interest in Bessarabia. The
[V]
Berlin. The agreement shall enter
terest of Lithuania in the Vilna area is
German side declares its complete
into force as soon as it is signed.
recognized by each party.
political disinterestedness in these
Should disputes or conflicts arise
2. In the event of a territorial and
areas.
between the High Contracting Parties
Protocol
political rearrangement of the areas
4. This protocol shall be treated by
over problems of one kind or another,
On the occasion of the signature of
belonging to the Polish state, the
both parties as strictly secret.
both parties shall settle these dis-
Soviets Agree to Open Files on the Nazi Genocide to U.S. Scholars
By CHARLES MOHR
tration of the Soviet Union and the
"It is an enormous amount of infor-
Demjanjuk, who was suspected of
Special to The New York Times
United States Holocaust Memorial
mation," Mr. Lerman said. "It's an
being a brutal Nazi camp guard in Po-
WASHINGTON, Aug. 24 The
Council will permit historians, archiv-
ocean of material."
land during the war. Mr. Demjanjuk
Soviet Union has agreed for the first
ists and curators from the United
Mr. Lerman said American scholars
was extradited to Israel for trial and
time to open its archives on the Nazi
States to copy documents that throw
would make microfilm and microfiche
sentenced to death in April.
genocide to United States scholars, a
light on the vast killing machine in Ger-
copies of the Soviet documents, which
Brewster Chamberlin, an archivist
step that is expected to give a clearer
man-occupied Soviet territories from
Dr. Hilberg said are scattered in
for the United States Memorial Com-
picture of how Eastern European col-
June of 1941 until the end of the war.
dozens of Soviet archives, and transfer
mission, said the Soviet-held archives
laborators helped put to death millions
"We will get a picture in depth of life
them to the United States Holocaust
are expected to give "a much better
of Jews and others.
in the occupied territories that will add
Museum in Washington. That museum
picture" of how the Germans and their
An agreement signed in Moscow on
to our store of memory, which is the
is scheduled to open in late 1991.
collaborators in occupied territories
July 29 by the Main Archival Adminis-
quest of history." said Dr. Raul Hilberg
The documents in Soviet archives in-
carried out the oppression and killing
of the University of Vermont, a leading
clude captured German records and a
of Jews, gentiles, Communists, parti-
historian of the Nazi crimes and a
mass of reports made by local authori-
sans, prisoners of war and gypsies.
member of the United States delega-
The U.N. Today
ties who worked under the Germans in
"We know it happened - that's been
tion that negotiated the agreement.
such occupied areas as Latvia, Lithua-
clear since 1945 but how did it hap-
General Assembly
'An Ocean of Material'
nia, Estonia and the Ukraine.
pen?" Mr. Chamberlin said. "These
records will show how the system
LAW OF THE SEA PREPARATORY COMMIS-
Miles Lerman, who is international
It is possible, but not likely, that the
worked. How was it possible to carry it
SION, Special Commissions 10 A.M. and 3
relations chairman of the United States
files may help identify some unprose-
out on this scale."
P.M.
Holocaust Memorial Council, said a
cuted war criminals, Mr. Lerman said.
Mr. Lerman said the documents
SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON PEACE-KEEPING
preliminary sampling of Soviet docu-
The Soviet authorities have already
would show how Nazi officials oversaw
OPERATIONS P.M.
ments indicates that the archives may
cooperated with the United States De-
a system in Soviet territory that relied
Ticket information phone: 963-7113
hold from 30 to 40 percent of all records
partment of Justice in some cases.
on mass killing by firearms, instead of
Tours are conduc A M
of the German
furntshed an Identity card of John
gas chambers.
morning as
through the five- and six-story
nate buildings that housed w
paneled cafes and specialty st
on the narrow, cobblest
streets.
Police cordoned off the are
evacuated about 300 residents
By late afternoon the fire
been contained, but a heavy
smoke hung over the area, ble
out the strong August sun.
Firefighters did not arrive
Smoke rises from ruins of Lisbon's Chiado shopping and cultural district yesterday after fire in a department store spread through old neighboring buildings.
scene until an hour after the
was reported, at about 3 a.m
night watchman at the 19th-cc
0
elevator built by Gustave E
MILES
connect the Chiado to streets
area below. Fire equipment
Lisbon
district had been called out
other, minor, fire and became
in the narrow streets.
Enlarged
area
By the time firefighters
flames were shooting from
Atlantic
Rio Tejo
dows of the three-story At
Ocean
do Grandela department stor
The Armazens do Grand
Area
National Theater
the Grandes Armazens do
destroyed
by fire
Rossio
on the adjacent Rua Garret
Square
also was destroyed in the
were Lisbon's only der
RUA AUGUSTA
stores.
-RUA CARMO
Both have recently feature
signboards in front am
Chiado
"spectacular sales," giving
RUA GARRETT
RUA NOVA DO ALMEDA
rumors that the stores
sold and would be closed.
Museum of
Contemporary Art
Manuel Martin Dias, a
of a group of sharehold
owns both stores, appear
an investigating magistrat
RUA DA PRATA
RUA DO OURO
bon yesterday to answer
about a fire in another
group owned.
Rio Tejo
The firefighters were
ASSOCIATED
further by marble tables
DAVI
COOK
Tast
A firefighter aims hose on building as flames shoot out windows. Narrow, cobblestoned streets hindered firefighters.
the center of the Rua
Iran, Iraq Open Talks
China's
To End Persian Gulf War
With Ja
it's the normal process of consul-
Associated Press
By Patrick E. Tyler
tation," he said.
Washington Post Foreign Service
When Perez de Cuellar appeared
BEIJING, Aug. 26
China's senior leader, I
geneva, Aug. 25 The first
at 9 p.m., he did not say whether
face to face negotiations between
the parties had ever resumed face-
ping, met with Prime M
the foreign ministers of Iran and
to-face meetings, but he said that
boru Takeshita today, aft
Iraq adjourned here tonight after
the two delegations would meet
anese leader pledged mo
what U.N. Secretary General Javier
again Friday morning "in exactly
billion to help fund China
the same scenario we had [today]."
ization drive.
Perez de Cuellar described as a "se-
rious beginning' to find a peaceful
"We have covered many points
"With your visit, Ch
settlement to one of this century's
and now the two parties want to
nese friendly relations W
most destructive regional wars.
consult with their respective gov-
reach a new level," Der
Today's session, which was said
ernments," he added. Asked if the
keshita today.
by diplomatic sources to have fo-
negotiations had snagged on pro-
Takeshita held talks
cedural questions, he said, "We are
Iraqi Foreign Minister Tariq Aziz, foreground, arrives for peace talks in Geneva.
cused on setting an agenda for the
with Chinese Premier 1.
talks and a schedule for withdrawal
discussing important things, the
both leaders pledged
of armies, repatriation of prisoners
procedure is already solved."
eye contact with his counterpart,
table for Perez de Cuellar and his
bring relations between
and other key matters, lasted a to-
An hour later, the two delega-
Iranian Foreign Minister Ali Akbar
five negotiating assistants facing
tries to new levels of fri
tal of six hours.
tions left the building without com-
Velayati. Aziz nodded and uttered a
two nearly perpendicular, slightly
cooperation, The Lo
ment.
But after the first two hours,
greeting across the room to Ve-
slanted tables on his right and left.
Times reported.
Perez de Cuellar said it was too
U.N. spokesman Francois Giuliani
layati. But Velayati, leading his 13-
The arrangement was neither U-
They met for nearly
early to be optimistic, but, he said,
man delegation, avoided looking at
shaped nor triangular; Iran and Iraq
told reporters that the parties had
a "very friendly and
"I am satisfied because we are
the Iraqis and instead nodded a
were partially facing each other but
taken a 15-minute break for dele-
warm atmosphere," ace
working very seriously
I think
greeting to the U.N. secretary gen-
also facing the secretary general.
gation "consultations." Nearly two
Japanese official who
this IS a serious beginning."
eral.
"Your excellencies, I warmly wel-
hours later, Giuliani said the face-
condition that he not be
In a carefully staged opening cer-
The table arrangement in the hall
come you," Perez de Cuellar said in
to-face talks still had not resumed.
Takeshita committed
emony, Perez de Cuellar entered
had even been the subject of nego-
his opening remarks. "Your pres-
"The secretary general IS con-
the Council Chamber of the Palais
tiations, according to diplomatic
ence here clearly indicates that
yen (about $6.1 billion
sulting with both delegations sep-
terest loans for Chine
de Nations and five minutes later,
sources. Iran had sought a triangle-
your governments are quite pre-
arately," Giuliani said, adding that
his aides gave the signal for the
shaped arrangement to emphasize
pared to pursue the path of peace."
ment projects in 1990
Perez de Cuellar and his aides were
Iranian and Iraqi delegations to en-
the U.N. role in mediating between
He told them that "the most IIII-
anese official said.
shuttling back and forth between
ter from rooms on opposite sides of
the parties, while Iraq had pressed
portant work ahead of us is to pro-
Li, speaking last nig
the two parties, which were en-
the hall.
for a U-shaped table so its delega-
ceed with the full implementation of
coming banquet in the
camped in rooms just off the council
Iraqi Foreign Minister Tariq Aziz
tion would directly face the Iranian
Resolution 598," the U.N.-man-
the People, said that SII
chamber.
strode into the room leading 14
side.
dated cease-fire passed unanimous-
ing of a Sino-Japanese
"It's not a bad sign or a good sign,
Iraqi officials and appeared to seek
The final format featured a head
See GULF, A18, Col. 6
Friendship Treaty 10
Angeles
Times
Thursday, August 25, 1988
CCt/194 Pages Copyright 1988/The Times Mirror Company Daily 25c / Designated
Areas Higher
China Shifts
Its Military
Emphasis
Rapid Deployment
Force Reflects
Change in Policy
By JIM MANN,
Times Staff Writer
WASHINGTON-The Chinese
People's Liberation Army is devel-
oping a rapid deployment force
capable of moving overseas on
short notice, causing U.S. experts
to analyze what the purpose of
OF
such a military unit might be.
The special force apparently re-
flects China's new emphasis on
demonstrating its military power to
East Asian neighbors and on hav-
ing the ability to fight smaller,
limited wars abroad against re-
gional enemies such as Vietnam,
United Press International
LARRY davis / Los Angeles Times
rather than on simply defending
Kirkland in Washington, and President Reagan with George Bush at Los Angeles fund-raiser.
itself against an invasion by one of
the superpowers.
The Chinese military has been
Dukakis Assails
lief
Reagan, Bush
giving new training to marines and
paratroopers within the unit and
GOP on Deficit,
has been seeking to develop ships
Gets Union Nod
Blast Dukakis
and aircraft for rapid transport,
mmuters
according to U.S. officials.
By DAVID LAUTER,
Old Fears May Be Revived
Times Staff Writer
Traffic
at L.A. Rally
Any shift by China toward a
WASHINGTON-Call-
more aggressive military posture
By KEITH LOVE
could complicate U.S. policy in
ing for a "new economic
Asia, which is based on the premise
patriotism," Democratic
and CATHLEEN DECKER,
that China is a generally friendly
presidential nominee Mi-
Times Staff Writers
nonaligned country. It also could
persuading voters to approve
chael S. Dukakis received
In a partisan attack designed to
revive old fears, particularly
taxes for highway and mass
the endorsement of the
fire up California conservatives,
among the nations of Southeast
improvements if the bulk of
AFL-CIO on Wednesday
commuters are not pleading for
and charged in a speech to
President Reagan and Republican
Asia, that China might someday
from
labor leaders that Republi-
presidential nominee George Bush
seek to dominate them.
congestion.
cans had made the nation
joined Wednesday to blast Demo-
For China, "the Americans have
nother intriguing aspect of the
cratic nominee Michael S. Dukakis
not been a threat for a while, and
:hlin poll findings is that they
dependent on "foreign
bankers" while allowing
as a liberal and to challenge him on
the Russians are no longer a serious
particularly surprise some
average family income to
the issue of the Pledge of Alle-
threat," said Thomas W. Robinson,
sportation planners. The ex-
giance.
a specialist on Chinese military
stagnate.
know there is a long, but
om-discussed
of
Running mate "Lloyd
"What is it about the Pledge of
affairs at the American Enterprise
trail
data
Allegiance that upsets him so
Institute. "For the PLA, the ques-
the typical commute in
Bentsen and I," Dukakis
much?" Bush asked a crowd of
tion is, who are your enemies now?
Los Angeles area has not
said, "believe in investing
appreciably
in
in America, and the Re-
nearly 3,000 supporters jammed
The answer is the Vietnamese, and
decades.
publicans don't; we want to
into a Century Plaza Hotel ball-
possibly the Indians or Taiwan, and
Los Angeles County, almost
forge a new era of great-
room. He was referring to Dukakis'
in the long run, Japan."
the daily work trips are still
veto of a 1977 Massachusetts bill
Paul H. B. Godwin, a China
10 miles; 71% under 20 miles,
ness for America, and they
don't."
requiring teachers to lead the
scholar et the Defense Depart-
rding to the new commission
During the Democratic
pledge in their classrooms.
ment's National War College here,
which
was
conducted
in
That appears comparable to
primaries, Dukakis kept
Bush strategists believe that ve-
said the Chinese military is now
ago when a California
Please see UNION, Page 31
to gives them a clear-cut way to
seeking to be able to "react quickly
to events" as part of a general,
d
hang the liberal tag on Dukakis.
sportation Department study
They hope to make special use of it
continuing shift away from Mao
the average drive to work for
in California, where Reagan has
Tse-tung's old strategy of defeat-
region was slightly over 10
in Los Angeles and neighbor-
Chile Decrees
had huge success over the years by
ing opponents by tying them down
in a long war inside Chinese terri-
polarizing elections into liberals
ounties.
tory.
versus conservatives, rather than
verage Unchanged
End to State
Democrats versus Republicans.
Transition in Strategy Seen
of
Times Staff Writer
WASHINGTON-The Chinese
People's Liberation Army is devel-
oping a rapid deployment force
capable of moving overseas on
short notice, causing U.S. experts
to analyze what the purpose of
OF THE
such a military unit might be.
The special force apparently re-
flects China's new emphasis on
demonstrating its military power to
East Asian neighbors and on hav-
ing the ability to fight smaller,
limited wars abroad against re-
gional enemies such as Vietnam,
United Press International
LARRY DAVIS / Los Angeles Times
rather than on simply defending
le Kirkland in Washington, and President Reagan with George Bush at Los Angeles fund-raiser.
itself against an invasion by one of
the superpowers.
The Chinese military has been
Dukakis Assails
lief
Reagan, Bush
giving new training to marines and
paratroopers within the unit and
GOP on Deficit,
has been seeking to develop ships
mmuters
Gets Union Nod
Blast Dukakis
and aircraft for rapid transport.
according to U.S. officials.
By DAVID LAUTER,
Old Fears May Be Revived
Times Staff Writer
at L.A. Rally
Any shift by China toward a
e
Traffic
more aggressive military posture
WASHINGTON-Call-
could complicate U.S. policy in
ing for a "new economic
By KEITH LOVE
Asia, which is based on the premise
patriotism," Democratic
and CATHLEEN DECKER,
that China is a generally friendly
presidential nominee Mi-
Times Staff Writers
nonaligned country. It also could
e persuading voters to approve
chael S. Dukakis received
In a partisan attack designed to
revive old fears, particularly
er taxes for highway and mass
the endorsement of the
fire up California conservatives,
among the nations of Southeast
sit improvements if the bulk of
AFL-CIO on Wednesday
and charged in a speech to
President Reagan and Republican
Asia, that China might someday
commuters are not pleading for
labor leaders that Republi-
presidential nominee George Bush
seek to dominate them.
ef from congestion.
For China, "the Americans have
cans had made the nation
joined Wednesday to blast Demo-
nother intriguing aspect of the
dependent on "foreign
cratic nominee Michael S. Dukakis
not been a threat for a while, and
thlin poll findings is that they
as a liberal and to challenge him on
the Russians are no longer a serious
not particularly surprise some
bankers" while allowing
average family income to
the issue of the Pledge of Alle-
threat," said Thomas W. Robinson,
sportation planners. The ex-
stagnate.
giance.
a specialist on Chinese military
S know there is a long, but
affairs at the American Enterprise
lom-discussed trail of data
Running mate "Lloyd
"What is it about the Pledge of
Institute. "For the PLA, the ques-
Bentsen and I," Dukakis
Allegiance that upsets him so
wing the typical commute in
tion is, who are your enemies now?
much?" Bush asked a crowd of
Los Angeles area has not
said, "believe in investing
The answer is the Vietnamese, and
in America, and the Re-
nearly 3,000 supporters jammed
aged appreciably in decades.
possibly the Indians or Taiwan, and
publicans don't; we want to
into a Century Plaza Hotel ball-
Los Angeles County, almost
in the long run, Japan."
the daily work trips are still
forge a new era of great-
room. He was referring to Dukakis'
er 10 miles; 71% under 20 miles,
ness for America, and they
veto of a 1977 Massachusetts bill
Paul H. B. Godwin, a China
don't."
requiring teachers to lead the
scholar at the Defense Depart-
rding to the new commission
pledge in their classrooms.
ment's National War College here,
ey, which was conducted in
During the Democratic
said the Chinese military is now
That appears comparable to
primaries, Dukakis kept
Bush strategists believe that ve-
seeking to be able to "react quickly
Please see UNION, Page 31
to gives them a clear-cut way to
ears ago when a California
to events" as part of a general,
hang the liberal tag on Dukakis.
isportation Department study
continuing shift away from Mao
They hope to make special use of it
d the average drive to work for
Tse-tung's old strategy of defeat-
in California, where Reagan has
region was slightly over 10
ing opponents by tying them down
S in Los Angeles and neighbor-
Chile Decrees
had huge success over the years by
in a long war inside Chinese terri-
polarizing elections into liberals
ounties.
tory.
versus conservatives, rather than
erage Unchanged
End to State
Democrats versus Republicans.
Transition in Strategy Seen
so, the average time it takes
'Founding Fathers'
"This is part of the transition
one to get to work is essen-
of Emergency
away from 'people's war,'' said
"It's very hard for me to imagine
,
unchanged. It was about 22.1
Godwin, referring to Mao's military
that the Founding Fathers-Sam-
ites in the 1967 Caltrans sur-
strategy. He said Chinese leaders
uel Adams, John Adams and John
It was found to be 22.5 minutes
From Times Wire Services
recognize that for a regional war,
Hancock-would have objected to
similar 1984 study conducted
"you don't have time to mobilize
le Southern California Assn. of
SANTIAGO, Chile-The mili-
teachers leading students in the
the whole population, the whole
tary government Wednesday de-
Pledge of Allegiance to the flag of
ernments, a long-range re-
economy, as you would for a major
creed an end to all state-of-emer-
the United States," Bush said to
al planning agency.
war, and the war might not be big
:cent surveys, including the
gency measures for the first time
strong applause. "I just don't be-
enough to require it."
commission poll, show about
since President Augusto Pinochet
lieve that was their concept."
The unit, identified as the Fist
same thing: 60% or more of
took power in a 1973 coup.
Bush got a huge, emotional re-
Platoon," was described as highly
The action was taken less than a
sponse from GOP convention dele-
muters still have one-way
mobile but small, although the
es of less than 30 minutes.
week before Chile's military com-
gates last week in New Orleans
exact size. was not given. Godwin
manders meet to nominate a candi-
when he closed his acceptance
y percent or more are less than
said he understands that China is
inutes.
date, expected to be Pinochet him-
speech by reciting the Pledge of
giving special training to one ma-
self, for a presidential referendum
Allegiance.
is remained relatively con-
rine division of about 10,000 to
acknowledged David Roper,
planned for October.
On Tuesday, Dukakis attempted
12,000 troops, but it is not certain
ty director of the Los Angeles
Interior Minister Sergio Fernan-
to turn the issue around by charg-
that this unit is in fact the rapid
dez, in a news conference at the
ing that by criticizing his veto,
deployment force.
Please see POLL, Page 22
government palace, told reporters
Bush did not understand the Con-
Several analysts said that it
that presidential decrees removing
stitution and thus was "not fit" to
would be misleading to equate
the emergency measures "have
be President.
China's new unit with the U.S.
been issued today and will take
Dukakis noted that before his
Rapid Deployment Force, which
effect upon publication in the offi-
Please see BUSH, Page 20
Please see CHINA, Page 17
cial bulletin," within the next few
ent Taken
days. However, some government
sources were quoted as saying that
they will take effect today.
"We are confident that this pas-
Panel Orders GTE to Cut
sage toward full, normal democra-
of
stores, providing jobs and ser-
cy will be received responsibly,"
Fernandez added.
that now do not exist there.
Wednesday's action had been a
Telephone Rates by 13.4%
th
would be the second redevel-
key demand of the opposition.
at
Carter. (Page 1.)
The World 1988 LATIMES
Japan's Military Chief Quits
The chief of Japan's military
Foreign Affairs Committee has
or
resigned to take responsibility for
charged that the Reagan Adminis-
Of
the deaths of 30 civilians killed
tration is easing its pressure on the
when a submarine collided with a
Soviet Union on Jewish emigration
sport fishing vessel last month. "I
and other human rights issues.
LIOIXIZION
presented Prime Minister [Noboru]
According to his aides, Rep. Dante
NIGERIA
KENYA
Takeshita with a notice of resigna-
B. Fascell (D-Fla.) charged in a
AI
tion today, just now," Tsutomu
recent letter to Secretary of State
MEXICO
OF
Kawara said at a news conference.
George P. Shultz that the State
GUINEA
BURMA
Kawara was the first Defense
Department is going easy on the
Agency director general in 17 years
Soviets because of its desire for a
to relinquish his post in a contro-
quick conclusion to the current
versy linked to the armed forces.
European security conference in
Takeshita appointed Kichiro Taza-
21
of
LHI
Vienna. Fascell also suggested that
LH
wa. 70. to replace Kawara. Only 18
the Administration may be backing
MAI
NEPAL
of the 48 passengers on board the
BE
off its human rights goals in hopes
fishing boat survived when it col-
of getting another summit meeting
lided with the submarine Nadashio
with Soviet leader Mikhail S. Gor-
in Tokyo Bay on July 23.
bachev. State Department officials
0.
UH
2t
Ousted Philippine President
denied the charges.
EFOICIOI
Ferdinand E. Marcos asked a Ma-
ANDORRA
A black bishop who heads the
CHINESE TAIPEI
nila court to order the government
Anglican Church in Namibia was
to give him travel documents so he
hit by rubber bullets as territorial
can return home to defend himself
police clashed with student pro-
against corruption charges. In a
testers, local journalists said. Bish-
petition filed by his sister, Fortuna
op James Kauluma was bruised on
Barba, the exiled former ruler said
he wants to take advantage of his
the leg and back by the bullets,
reporters said. The state-run radio
constitutional rights to attend legal
proceedings against himself. Mar-
said 11 people were arrested during
cos, who has lived in Hawaii since
the incident at a secondary school
being overthrown in 1986, also
in Katutura, a black township adja-
asked Manila to intercede with
cent to Windhoek, capital of the
Washington to allow him to return.
South African-ruled territory also
The United States has barred him
known as South-West Africa. The
from leaving Hawaii. A special
protesters reportedly advocated a
anti-corruption court, where the
boycott of classes to press demands
March of nations-Sign bearers in Seoul rehearse Wednes
petition was filed, has said Marcos
that military bases be moved away
has a right to face his accusers at a
from schools. Namibia expects to be
pretrial hearing.
granted its independence soon by
South Africa.
The Nation
The death toll from the Himala-
yan earthquake topped 750 as res-
More than half of the U.S. mili-
cue workers hampered by monsoon
tary personnel in Panama have
rains, aftershocks and washed-out
moved from private homes to the
roads reached remote areas of
safety of U.S. military bases be-
Panel to Investigate Rear Se
Nepal and found more bodies. Res-
cause of Washington's dispute with
cue workers demolished 50 homes
Gen. Manuel A. Noriega, a Defense
National Highway Traffic Safety
gallons of diesel oil and gasoline
in Dharan, the worst-hit area of
Department spokesman said.
Administration engineers have
into the Chesapeake Bay near the
Nepal. that were severely damaged
"There is a perceived threat to U.S.
opened an investigation
mouth of the Potomac River, ac-
by the temblor. police inspector G.
individuals and property,' the
that the rear seat belts on 1.7
cording to Coast Guard officials. It
Adhikari said. In eastern India, also
spokesman said, adding that Norie-
million Ford Escort and Mercury
was the largest such accident since
devastated by the quake, cracks
ga followers had stepped up ha-
Lynx cars manufactured since 1984
1976, when 250,000 gallons spilled
were found in the dikes of six rivers
rassment of U.S. service personnel
can cripple passengers in a crash,
into the bay from another barge.
in Bihar state, and officials said
since the Panamanian military
the agency said. But the agency
Coast Guard officials said that the
floods could pose the next threat to
leader, who has been indicted in
said the belts, which have an
240-foot barge involved in the
the area's 10 million people. Bihar
the United States on drug-traffick-
unusual design, comply with feder-
latest incident, named only by the
residents ran screaming through
ing charges, took power in Febru-
al standards. NHTSA granted part
number 565, carried just over
the streets when a mild aftershock
ary. American officials have urged
of a petition by a La Plata, Md.,
800,000 gallons of diesel fuel and
rumbled through the area. No
military personnel living off base in
couple, Larry and Patricia Garrett,
gasoline. The 37-year-old barge,
casualties or damage was reported.
Panama City to move to U.S.
whose son was crippled in a 1985
owned by Eastern Carriers Inc. of
government installations. About
accident while riding in a Ford
Israeli troops thrust 12 miles into
Hockessin, Del., passed a Coast
1,550 of the 2,450 military person-
Escort. The Garretts through their
Guard safety inspection last week.
southern Lebanon on a "search-
nel and their families have moved
attorneys alleged a strap retainer
and-destroy" mission, and five
since April, the spokesman said.
causes the rear seat belts on the
Blacks and other racial minori-
pro-Iranian guerrillas were killed,
Escort and Lynx cars to ride up on
ties constitute 16% of the work
an army spokesman said. Six Israeli
Leaders of Canada's largest
the waist rather than settling
force of American newspapers but
soldiers were wounded in the ac-
Protestant denomination, the Unit-
around the hips, increasing the
only 8% of the news and editorial
tion, said the spokesman, who
ed Church of Canada, ruled that
chance of serious injury in acci-
staffs, according to the American
refused to give any other details.
homosexuals may be considered for
dents. The Garretts last December
Newspaper Publishers Assn. The
Lebanese security officials said Is-
the ministry. The 205-160 vote by
won a $3.3-million judgment
ANPA survey also said that 37% of
raeli troops, backed by artillery and
the church's general council fol-
against Ford Motor Co. for their
the papers' employees are women.
helicopter gunships, pushed out
lowed months of heated debate in
son's injuries. The auto maker
In the nation's overall work force,
from Israel's self-declared "securi-
which one-quarter of the church's
expressed confidence the agency
minorities constitute 21% and
ty zone" inside southern Lebanon
4,000 ministers and 30,000 of its
would find no safety-related - defect
women 47% of the total. Ten
to engage the guerrillas. They said
860,000 members signed a declara-
in the belts.
percent of newsroom employees
Israeli artillery pounded at least
tion opposing the ordination of
were members of minorities, and,
four Shia Muslim villages.
homosexuals. The decision could
An oil barge heading from Balti-
when clerical and administrative
lead to a possible schism in the
more to Richmond, Va., cracked
The chairman of the House
workers were subtracted, the num-
church.
down the middle, spilling 160,000
ber dropped to 8%, ANPA said.
Newsmakers
A
Rough
8
Thursday, August 25. 1988
Dos Angeles Times
Turkish, Greek Leaders on Cyprus Agree to New Talks
By RONE TEMPEST.
come about after the two countries
hands of the Greek Cypriots.
Times Staff Writer
nearly went to war during a dispute
Ankara
On the Greek Cypriot side, the
GENEVA-Turkish and Greek
over oil drilling in the Aegean Sea.
main new factor is the personality
GREECE
To try to resolve their differenc-
leaders from the bitterly divided
of Vassiliou, a wealthy business-
TURKEY
CYPRUS
es, the two prime ministers-Tur-
island of Cyprus. aiming to create a
man new to politics who was
MAPPED
unified federal republic, on
Athens
BELOW
key's Turgut Ozal and Greece's
elected president in February. two
Andreas Papandreou-met in Da-
Wednesday launched their first
years after last round of talks
SYRIA
vos, Switzerland, last January. In
failed.
negotiations in more than three
June, Ozal became the first Turkish
Sources who were present in the
years and agreed to resume talks
Mediterranean
LEBANON
leader to visit Athens in 36 years.
preliminary negotiating session
next month in the Cypriot capital.
Sea
ISRAEL
Another key factor in the new
Wednesday reported that Vassiliou
U.N. officials, encouraged by a
EGYPT
recent thaw in relations between
LIBYA
detente is Turkey's fervent hope of
deftly avoided a confrontation with
being accepted in the European
Turkey and Greece-traditional
Denktash, who began by listing
Communities-even if it means
allegations of Greck atrocities.
enemies on the Cyprus question-
CYPRUS
TURKISH ZONE
withdrawing its troops from Cy-
say they are convinced that the
o
20
"We are entering into an era
new round of talks may be the best
MILES
prus to win admission.
when regional problems are being
Nicosia
Denktash, the Turkish Cypriot
chance ever to reach a settlement.
solved," Vassiliou said hopefully
leader, would be forced to comply
After a day of meetings moni-
during an interview Wednesday
TROODOS MTS.
with Turkey's wishes, although he
tored by U.N. Secretary General
night. "A better climate has been
Larnaca
is fiercely opposed to the with-
Javier Perez de Cuellar. Turkish
created for peace. Turkey is realiz-
drawal of Turkish troops. He and
Cypriot leader Rauf Denktash and
GREEK ZONE
ing the importance of improved
other Turkish Cypriots see the
Cyprus President George Vassiliou
Limassol
relations with Greece. All Cypriots,
troops as their only line of defense
Greeks and Turks realize this con-
agreed to restart talks Sept. 15 in
Nicosia.
against potential genocide at the
flict is not benefiting anyone."
"The two leaders expressed their
Los Angeles Times
willingness to meet without any
preconditions and to attempt to
forces.
15 YEAR GUARANTEE
achieve by June 1. 1989, a negotiat-
But the last round of talks fell
ed settlement of all aspects of the
apart in 1985, mainly over the issue
LABOR AND MATERIAL
Cyprus problem." Perez de Cuellar
of the 29,000 Turkish troops who
announced.
remain in the northern area, recog-
ELIMINATE EXTERIOR HOUSE PAINTING
Greck and Turkish Cypriot lead-
nized by the Turkish government
NO DOWN PAYMENT-UP TO 6 MONTHS INTEREST FREE
ers have met unsuccessfully dozens
since 1983 as the Turkish Republic
(Lower than bank interest rate)
of times since 1963. when the island
of Northern Cyprus. An undeter-
KOVER-TEX
Application consists of trenching around your house. Sand-blasting. repairing
all cracks, holes and building defects. Sealing and waterproofing. Adds insulation and beautifies.
erupted in ethnic violence and a
mined number of Greek soldiers are
Includes all trim painting. Guaranteed against chipping, peeling and flaking.
U.N. peacekeeping force was de-
also stationed on the island.
TEXTURE COAT Your house with the company offering you over 30 years of experience. 16 beautiful
ployed to keep order. Talks were
However, several factors give
colors. At a price you can afford.
continued periodically after a 1974
hope that the latest talks may
FREE ESTIMATE AVAILABLE
coup by Greek Cypriot military
succeed where others have failed.
By
Phoning
(213)
271-1893
Direct
or
Collect
officers favoring enosis, or union
The main new element is the
Or write BAY CITY HOME BUILDERS, INC.
with Greece. which prompted in-
improved relationship between
90 'SW Pico BI #107. Los Angeles, CA 90035
tervention by Turkish military
Athens and Ankara, which has
Lic 1.184074-C.33
20% DISCOUNT WITH THIS AD
Per
SUP
THU
SAV
EVERY
CODE-A-PHONE
SEALY,
ANSWERING
SERTA AND
MACHINE/
STEARNS &
SPEAKERPHONE
FOSTER
MATTRESS
FOR YOUR
99.99
CONVENIENCE
25%
TO
Orig. 139.99.
Tone/pulse dial-
DEFERRED
50%
ing, last number
redial, 10-number
BILLING HAS BEEN
memory, beeper-
OFF
less remote and a
25 Ang 1988
Nos Angeles Times
Kurds Fear a Massacre as
SOVIET
TURKEY
UNION
Iraq Moves to Crush Rebels
Caspian Sen
By WILLIAM TUOHY. Times Staff Writer
BAGHDAD. Fierce battles
For its part. the Baghdad gov-
IRAN
are taking place between Iraqi
ernment has declared that the
bri
troops and Kurdish rebels in the
Kurds already have far more all-
IRAQ
stor
rugged mountains of northern Iraq,
tonomous status regarding religion,
and a "bloody massacre" may be in
language and local rule than Kurd-
pr
the offing. Kurdish sources report-
ish inhabitants of Turkey. Iran, the
shoe
Approximate
Baghdad
ed Wednesday.
Y
'''
TOMP
Soviet Union and Syria.
area occupied
ava
MILLS
Reports have been circulating
Further. the Baghdad regime
by Kurds
among Western military attaches
considers the Kurdish guerrillas, as
here that Baghdad intends to use
one Western diplomat here put it,
Black Sex
SOVIET
SOVIET
UNION
UNION
its cease-fire with Iran as an
"not just rebels but traitors."
opportunity to crush the Kurdish
"The Baghdad government be-
insurgency in the northeastern
lieves the Kurds were fighting
TURKEY
part of the country.
them at the very time their backs
The military operation is "for us
were against the wall fighting the
MAP
SYRIA
AREA
a matter of life or death. A bloody
Iranians," he added.
Tehran
massacre is awaiting the civilian
Kurdistan has been closed to
Baghdad
IRAQ
IRAN
CHEMICAL KURDSAQUIS
population. We believe that the
foreigners, but reports reaching
Iraqi authorities will use chemical
Baghdad suggest that the Iraqis are
DON CLEMENT / Los Angeles Times
weapons in this operation." the
employing elite Republican Guards
Kurdish Democratic Party said in a
to fight the Kurds. The Iraqis also
many people. In turn, guerrillas
statement.
are engaged in a program of forced
killed 180 Iraqi soldiers and shot
The statement said that the
resettlement of the Kurds from
WEADONS
down a helicopter gunship, accord-
leader of the Kurdish party. Mas-
their mountain retreats.
ing to the statement.
soud Barzani. has appealed from his
Ostensibly, this is being done to
Iran has supported the Kurdish
headquarters in Kurdistan to U.N.
bring the Kurds into the contempo-
rebels by providing supplies and
Secretary General Javier Peres de
rary world of modern, secular Iraq.
sanctuary across the border.
Cuellar and world leaders to insist
"But that also means that they
But, according to analysts here,
that the Iraqi government "prevent
are resettled in valleys near the
the Kurds are well aware that if a
the coming human tragedy.'
highways, where Iraqi army tanks
peace settlement is announced in
The group asserts that about
can get to easily if they want to
the Iran-Iraq War in talks that
15,000 guerrillas and 30,000 militia-
teach the Kurds a lesson," one
begin today in Geneva, it will likely
men are under arms in the contest-
diplomat observed.
lead to a crackdown on any armed
ed area near the Turkish and
Recalcitrant villages have been
resistance in Kurdistan.
Iranian borders. The Kurdish reb-
bombed or shelled. The rebel group
"The poor Kurds," one Western
els are insisting on more autonomy
said that Iraqi jets had bombed
diplomat said. "They really have no
and have been fighting a sporadic
eight Kurdish villages over the
political future. They are people
guerrilla war against Iraq for years.
weekend, killing and wounding
without a homeland.
N
DAY SALE
A.
M. TO 10 P.M.
NTI
ALS FOR YOUR HOME
SELECTED
TYPEWRITERS
FULL LEAD
25% OFF
Choose professional and
Reg. 39.0
portable typewriters from
mounting,
such names as Brother
high. A roma
and Smith Corona.
Lighting, 75
Electronics, 7575.
5200
10
Part I Thu lav. August 25. 1988
Dos Angeles
fire were being violated.
and Traqi President Sadda
Iran, Iraq Meet Today for Talks on Ending 8-Year War
Velayati, perhaps setting the
sem wants full control of It.
tone for the upcoming peace talks.
The Iranians want the be
also accused Iraq of using the
the middle of the waterway
By RONETEMPEST. Times Staff Writer
cease-fire to prepare an attack,
But international interes
GENEVA-After eight years of
would not accept blame for starting
refused to comment on the talks.
while Iraqi leaders accused Iran of
talks focuses largely on the
lem. we will be able to proceed on a
rather fast and accelerated
the war, although its troops were
On the sixth floor of the building.
reinforcing its positions.
ent the war set for the
conthet that recalled the World
rhythm."
the first to cross the border in
the Iranian mission was somber,
The feuding and the absence of
chemical weapons. Starti
War I battlefield horrors of Verdun
and Ypres-trench warfare and
As part of his formula for a
September. 1980.
tense and virtually mute. On the
any hint of compromise suggested
March, the Traqis began USH
Meanwhile, U.N. officials ex-
ground floor. the Iraqi mission was
Wednesday that the early stages of
tard and n ve gases, with
mustard gas-Iran and Iraq will
settlement. Perez de Cuellar met
with International Red Cross offi-
pressed frustration that neither
in better spirits, but a secretary
the negotiations will be taken up
tating effect.
begin U.N.-sponsored peace talks
U.S. officials here ha
here today in an atmosphere thick
cials in Geneva on Wednesday to
side would even provide the names
explained with a smile that the
with righteous posturing by both
ask their help as intermediaries in
of its negotiators until the last
press attache was out of touch
delegations.
pressed fear that if the In
with mistrust.
The conflict was imposed on
any exchange of prisoners of war.
minute Wednesday.
because his car had broken down
Among the thornier issues to be
talks are not successful, di
Iraq by Iran's expansionist and
The numbers are disputed. but Iran
"There are security problems
en route to the office.
resolved is the dispute over the
weapons will be used again
is believed to hold about 50,000
regarding movement of the negoti-
Saleem Fahmawi, a U.N. spokes-
Shatt al Arab waterway that sepa-
spread to such an extent
aggressive policies." charged Iraqi
Foreign Minister Tarik Aziz. chief
Iraqi prisoners of war and Iraq
ators." U.N. spokesman Francois
man in Iraq. described the border
rates the two countries in the
world ban will not be possib
Giuliani said.
between Iran and Iraq as normal
south.
negotiator for his country. on ar-
about 20,000 Iranian prisoners.
Times staff writer Willia
rival Wednesday afternoon at Ge-
Perez de Cuellar hopes to begin
The Iranian and Iraqi diplomatic
this week despite charges on both
The waterway is Iraq's only
hy, in Baghdad, Iraq, contri
the talks on a positive note by
missions here, in the same building,
sides that the terms of the cease-
direct route to the Persian Gulf,
this story.
neva International Airport.
And earlier in Tehran. Iran's
steering both sides to the prisoner
chief negotiator. Foreign Minister
exchange issue. which is believed
Ali Akbar Velayati. charged Iraq
to be the most easily negotiable of
M°LANE
SALE
with violating terms of an Aug. 20
$39995
GIVE YOUR
the major differences between the
cease-fire by reinforcing and mov-
two countries.
ing up Iraqi army forces.
The first two phases of the U.N.
SALE
$19995
REG. $560.95
BREASTS
The Persian Gulf War took 1
peace program-a cease-fire and
REG. $267.95
20" SELF-PROPELLED
million lives. involved the first
the deployment of a U.N. observer
TRIM-N-EDGER
FRONT THROW REEL
THE SUPPORT THEY neei
systematic use of chemical weap-
team -already have been
4 BALL
MOWER. 7 BLADE
ons since World War I and disrupt-
achieved. although in somewhat
BEARING
3 HP ENGINE
ed one of the world's most strategic
shaky fashion.
WHEELS
CATCHER
Low Mammography
sea lanes.
The prisoner exchange issue is
2 HP
the next item of Security Council
MEME
INCLUDED
It also devastated the economies
ENGINE
of two oil-rich nations. divided the
Resolution 598. which has been
Arab world into rival camps and
accepted by both sides as a basis for
$50.00
pitted the militant Islamic theocra-
talks.
cy of Iran against the fervid secular
What Perez de Cuellar clearly
nationalism of Iraq.
does not want is for the Iranians
AMERIC CENTE
In light of all this, U.N. Secretary
and Iraqis to take up immediately
General Javier Perez de Cuellar
the last and most difficult issue, a
cautioned that it may take years to
determination of responsibility for
resolve the differences between
the conflict, the roots of which go
Tehran and Baghdad.
back to the time of ancient Persia
20-3RP-7
1-800-A-MAMO
4
"I don't believe we can resolve
and Mesopotamia.
MODEL 101-2R-7
all the problems in a matter of
There were few signs earlier this
ASSEMBLED. READY TO GO. INCLUDING GAS & OIL
months." Perez de Cuellar said on
week that the two countries are
(213) 636-4515 OR 633-8158
willing to cooperate. Iraqi negotia-
VISA
1-800-262-6618
his arrival here. "But one must not
MASTERCARD OR VISA
ROSECRANS
be pessimistic. I hope that if there is
tor Aziz made it clear in his initial
7210 E. ROSECRANS, PARAMOUNT
Locations throughout Southern California
a political will to resolve the prob-
statement Wednesday that Iraq
MON.-SAT. 9-5, SALE ENDS SEPTEMBER 15TH
91 FWY
R
B
Sealy.
FURNITURE
CIMMONS
1988
Dos Angeles Times
Nos Angeles Ui
fire were being violated.
and Traq President Saddam Hus.
Today for Talks on Ending 8-Year War
Velayati, perhaps setting the
sem wants full control of 11.
tone for the upcoming peace talks.
The Iranians want the border 111
also accused Iraq of using the
the middle of the waterway.
iter
cease-fire to prepare an attack,
But international interest in the
would not accept blame for starting
refused to comment on the talks.
while Iraqi leaders accused Iran of
talks focuses largely on the preced-
tem. we will be able to proceed on a
rather fast and accelerated
the war. although its troops were
On the sixth floor of the building.
reinforcing its positions.
ent the war set for the use of
the first to cross the border in
the Iranian mission was somber,
The feuding and the absence of
chemical weapons. Starting last
rhythm."
As part of his formula for a
September. 1980.
tense and virtually mute. On the
any hint of compromise suggested
March, the Iraqis began using mus-
Meanwhile, U.N. officials ex-
ground floor. the Iraqi mission was
Wednesday that the early stages of
tard and nerve gases. with devas-
settlement. Perez de Cuellar met
with International Red Cross offi-
pressed frustration that neither
in better spirits, but a secretary
the negotiations will be taken up
tating effect.
cials in Geneva on Wednesday to
side would even provide the names
explained with a smile that the
with rightcous posturing by both
U.S. officials here have ex-
ask their help as intermediaries in
of its negotiators until the last
press attache was out of touch
delegations.
pressed fear that if the Iran-Iraq
any exchange of prisoners of war.
minute Wednesday.
because his car had broken down
Among the thornier issues to be
talks are not successful, chemical
The numbers are disputed. but Iran
"There are security problems
en route to the office.
resolved is the dispute over the
weapons will be used again and will
is believed to hold about 50,000
regarding movement of the negoti-
Saleem Fahmawi, a U.N. spokes-
Shatt al Arab waterway that sepa-
spread to such an extent that a
Iraqi prisoners of war and Iraq
ators," U.N. spokesman Francois
man in Iraq. described the border
rates the two countries in the
world ban will not be possible.
about 20,000 Iranian prisoners.
Giuliani said.
between Iran and Iraq as normal
south.
Times staff writer William Tuo-
Perez de Cuellar hopes to begin
The Iranian and Iraqi diplomatic
this week despite charges on both
The waterway is Iraq's only
hy, in Baghdad, Iraq, contributed to
the talks on a positive note by
missions here, in the same building.
sides that the terms of the cease-
direct route to the Persian Gulf,
this story.
steering both sides to the prisoner
exchange issue, which is believed
to be the most easily negotiable of
M°LANE
SALE
$39995
GIVE YOUR
the major differences between the
two countries.
The first two phases of the U.N.
SALE
$19995
REG. $560.95
BREASTS
peace program-a cease-fire and
REG. $267.95
20" SELF-PROPELLED
the deployment of a U.N. observer
TRIM-N-EDGER
FRONT THROW REEL
THE SUPPORT THEY NEED
team-already have been
4 BALL
MOWER. 7 BLADE
Mcla
achieved, although in somewhat
BEARING
3 HP ENGINE
shaky fashion.
WHEELS
CATCHER
Low
The prisoner exchange issue is
2 HP
INCLUDED
the next item of Security Council
MEME
ENGINE
Resolution 598. which has been
accepted by both sides as a basis for
$50.00
talks.
What Perez de Cuellar clearly
does not want is for the Iranians
AMERIC BRL 14111 NTERS
T
and Iraqis to take up immediately
the last and most difficult issue, a
determination of responsibility for
the conflict, the roots of which go
back to the time of ancient Persia
20-3RP-7
and Mesopotamia.
MODEL 101-2R-7
1-800-A-MAMO 4U
There were few signs earlier this
ASSEMBLED. READY TO GO. INCLUDING GAS & OIL
week that the two countries are
willing to cooperate. Iraqi negotia-
(213) 636-4515 OR 633-8158
VISA
tor Aziz made it clear in his initial
MASTERCARD OR VISA
1-800-262-6618
ROSECRANS
statement Wednesday that Iraq
7210 E. ROSECRANS, PARAMOUNT
Locations throughout Southern California
MON.-SAT. 9-5, SALE ENDS SEPTEMBER 15TH
91
FWY
JUNE
OUR N
R
B
FURNITURE
S
Sony
25 Aug. 1988
Times
Dos Angeles Times
2 Koreas Agree
WRITZ
CAMER
IANCING
in Principle to
98
67
Resume Talks
By KARL SCHOENBERGER.
Capture This
Times Staff Writer
SEOUL-North and South Ko-
rea agreed in principle Wednesday
Summer's Memorie
to resume border talks aimed at
arranging an interparliamentary
conference in Pyongyang by the
end of the month, reviving some
hope that the north might abandon
MINOLTA FREEDOM DUAL
OLY
P
its Olympic boycott.
AUTOFOCUS!
QUICK SHOOTE
Although chances appeared slim
ies
that the two sides could resolve
their differences over North Ko-
MOTORIZED!
This state of
the art "Auto
ct
rea's participation in the Seoul
Olympics, which begin Sept. 17 in
TELEPHOTO!
Everything"
camera has
te
the South Korean capital, it re-
Dual Lens Selec-
everything in-
mains possible that they could
tion From Normal
cluding a
agree at least to discuss the prob-
fit
To Telephoto At
ZOOM LENS.
Icm in earnest.
The Touch Of A
Preliminary talks between five-
Button!
member delegations of lawmakers
from the north and the south broke
off Monday after a third negotiat-
ing session in which no progress
S IN
SALE
was made on deciding the agenda
$14995
and the format of a large-scale,
main meeting.
PRICE
$2499
But the heads of the two delega-
Offer ends 8/28
tions met privately Wednesday at
the truce village of Panmunjom and
agreed to try to reopen talks by the
end of the week.
The North Korean side has not
yet formally accepted the south's
i4
proposal to meet Friday, but it
AF
NIKKOR
agreed in principle to meet again,
Park Jun Kyu, chief of the South
Korean delegation. told reporters
in Seoul.
GE!
Park said he is optimistic that the
Nikon
north will now compromise on its
demands.
"I hope the north will come up
with some amended proposals," he
said.
The North Korean delegation
Vivitar
Nikon N4004
EC
had insisted that the full member-
TECH 300S
ship of the two national assemblies
Nikon's new Point-And-Shoot camera
Autofocus SL
'Green Zone"
meet in Pyongyang. North Korea's
The compact auto-everything
with built-in flash! Accepts Nikon's Full
"One-Shot" a
capital, joined by representatives of
35mm camera with the world fa-
Line of Lenses!
Built-in 3fps.
social organizations in a "mass
mous Series I zoom lens built in.
Includes Can
participatory meeting" involving
SALE PRICE
ranty/registr
about 1,000 delegates.
$17995
SA
The south had dismissed such a
forum as unreasonable and coun-
terproposed that 20-member dele-
$32995
gations meet for the main parley. It
also asked that two meetings be
held for separate discussions on the
Z-0-0-M
w/50mm 1.8 AF Lens
Offer ends 8/28
Olympics and on a proposed nonag-
gression accord.
Park said the south has set a
Canon
Polaroid
cutoff date of Aug. 31 for convening
the main talks, originally proposed
Impulse AF
by Pyongyang after Seoul's Na-
tional Assembly appealed to North
AQUA
Korea to end its Olympic boycott.
North Korea declared the boy-
SNAPPY
The Ultimate
cott last year after the two sides
Autofocus Cam-
failed to agree on a plan to co-host
era with Instant
the Games.
Weatherproof and water-
Photos.
proof-down to 30 feet.
Polaroid
CHILE: Decree
Canon
compact, lightweight and
automatic film loading,
winding, rewinding. Includes
Canon USA one-year limited
warranty.
Pop-up
Flash!
even
Semua said 9.8% of Soviet ba-
burgh.
oun-
"have behaved as if the flag were a
American ally until the drug
bies-or more than half a million-
Christie had ruled that the thou-
were born to single mothers in
sands of donations for Ronnie be-
partisan and not a personal virtue."
charges became public.
1987, up from 8.8% in 1980. It said
long in a trust to pay outstanding
The Reagan Administration has
He suggested that the involve-
the proportion was much higher in
medical bills or to help sick, needy
relied on "extreme partisanship
ment with Noriega made a mock.
Estonia and other western parts of
children. DeSillers this month sur-
and overheated campaign rhetoric
ery of First Lady Nancy Reagan's
the country.
rendered her BMW car but nothing
instead of a patient, bipartisan
"Just Say No" campaign to fight
The problem is even more seri-
else, and a court-appointed estate
approach to national security is-
American drug use.
ous with first pregnancies. For
curator asked the judge to hold her
sues," he said.
"You tell me how can we ask our
every 1,000 first pregnancies, it
in contempt.
"The simple truth is this: Gov.
kids to say no to drugs here at home
said, 411 babies are born out of
Dukakis is a veteran, a patriot, and
when we have an Administration
wedlock or in the first few months
an advocate of American strength
that couldn't say no to Gen. Norie-
of marriage, while there are 272
Manila Stocks
and steadiness. He can be trusted
ga," Dukakis said.
abortions.
as a defender of American securi-
He also took a slap at Vice
Semya attributed the rise to "the
ty-and as a champion of American
President George Bush, the Re-
liberalization of sexual morals and
Fall on Possible
values."
publican presidential candidate.
lled
extremely bad supply of contracep-
Bentsen was well received per-
who has played a major role in
orth
tives" and urged authorities to
sonally, receiving standing ova-
Reagan Administration anti-drug
that
improve availability of birth con-
Marcos Return
tions when he arrived and when he
efforts and says he would put his
trol methods.
left. But he was interrupted by boos
an-
own vice president in charge of the
and
The high incidence of single
four times-three times when he
war against drugs.
mothers is despite an abortion rate
MANILA (UPI)-Concern over
mentioned Dukakis and once when
"President Reagan tried that and
that the weekly Ogonyok said this
the possible return from exile of
he referred to former President
it didn't work." Dukakis said.
ano
month is easily the highest in the
deposed ruler Ferdinand E. Marcos
Jimmy Carter.
nce
world.
triggered a four-day slide on Phil-
Stopped by booing after he said
ties
ippine stock exchanges that contin-
that Carter had begun the defense
e of
ued today with two major markets
buildup, he told the crowd. "Pretty
Leonard Frey, Tailor in
on-
GM Recalls '83 Models
losing nearly 10% this week.
hard for some of you to accept
the
President Corazon Aquino, ques-
that."
'Fiddler,' Dies of AIDs
WASHINGTON (P)-General
tioned about the drop, repeated her
After the speech, Bentsen said he
resolve to abide by any decision of
Leonard Frey. who played the
ted
Motors Corp. has begun recalling
thought there had been some or-
vho
613,582 1983 Oldsmobiles and Bu-
a court considering Marcos' peti-
role of Motel the tailor in the 1971
ganized opposition to the speech.
tion to return to defend himself at a
movie "Fiddler on the Roof" after
en-
icks for repair of the vehicles'
Republicans, he said, "were des-
iet-
hearing concerning an alleged $5-
being featured in the Broadway
emissions control systems, the En-
perate to find an issue."
million kickback scheme.
production, is dead of acquired
ent
vironmental Protection Agency
said today. A defective thermal
"I stand by my commitment
Bentsen cited Dukakis' emphasis
immune deficiency syndrome. He
ster
vacuum switch causes the cars to
respecting the decision of our
on improving non-nuclear weap-
was 49.
am
courts," said Aquino, who two days
ons, maintaining a nuclear deter-
The flamboyant Brooklyn na-
.ing
exceed federal standards on emis-
rent, support of the stealth bomber
tive, who died Wednesday at Beth
sion of gasoline vapors and carbon
earlier vowed to personally ensure
and a new submarine-launched
the safety of Marcos if he returns
Israel Hospital in New York City.
1.
monoxide, the EPA said.
from his Hawaiian exile for the
missile.
received an Oscar nomination as
hearing.
While praising his running mate,
best supporting actor for his per-
That remark, along with com-
Bentsen blasted both Vice Presi-
formance as Motel. His theatrical
ments by her chief adviser a day
dent George Bush and vice presi-
breakthrough came as Harold in
opping District
earlier and the filing of Marcos
dential nominee Sen. Dan Quayle
Mart Crowley's "Boys in the
court papers Wednesday, set off a
for supporting cuts in veterans
Band." He later recreated the role
sharp retreat on the markets, ana-
health care programs.
for the 1970 film.
lysts said.
"There is a psychological effect
of the former strongman's possible
return," said Bebet Dinoy, chief of
research for the Manila Stock Ex-
First Step Taken in Watts
IRONIC
change. "Most investors are afraid
that it might cause trouble."
The Manila Exchange composite
Redevelopment Project
HUH?
index was off 9.5% for the week at
today's close at 741.81. The Makati
By BILL BOY ARSKY. Times City-County Bureau Chief
Exchange was off 9.4% since Fri-
day at 734.35.
A huge economic development
anger and protest during the 1965
plan for Watts, proposing to rede-
Watts riots.
velop more than 1,900 acres of
More than 56,000 people live in
decaying homes, apartments, small
the area, 86% of them black and
Former Texas Gov.
businesses, industrial sites and
13% Latino.
public housing projects, was given
Most are poor. The median in-
and Ex-U.S. Sen.
initial approval Wednesday by the
come is $11,427. Unemployment is
Los Angeles Community Redevel-
high and education low, with most
Price Daniel Dies
opment Agency board.
residents not having completed
A unanimous vote of the power-
high school. Most are renters. and
LIBERTY, Tex. (Formermer
ful city agency authorized an aerial
of those who work, 39% are in
Texas Gov. Price Daniel, who once
survey of a 3-square-mile section
blue-collar jobs, 37% in white-col-
said he would rather hold that job
of South-Central Los Angeles, the
lar jobs and 23% are employed in
than the presidency, died in this
first step in a process of creating
service businesses.
southeast Texas town early today.
the biggest redevelopment area in
Although there are many pleas-
He was 77.
the city's history and eventually
ant homes and bustling small busi-
The former governor and U.S.
making available large amounts of
nesses in the area, for the most part
senator died at about 1 a.m., said
money to revive the impoverished
it presents a landscape of poverty.
George Christian, a press secretary
district.
with vacant lots, boarded-up
to former President Lyndon B.
With no opposition in sight, city
stores, rundown, overcrowded
Johnson and a friend of the Daniel
officials said they hope to see the
slum apartments and the aban-
family. Daniel apparently suffered
project approved by Mayor Tom
doned sites of old factories, which
a massive stroke at his ranch and
Bradley and the City Council in
Associated Press
once employed thousands. By the
was taken to Yettie Kersting Hos-
1991.
end of the century. according to the
flames in Lisbon shopping district.
pital at Liberty, Christian said. He
New factories on presently
plans, there will be new homes and
was dead upon arrival.
abandoned sites, additional hous-
apartments, factories, restaurants
Rua
residents were awakened by explo-
Daniel served three two-year
ing, an expanded Los Angeles Uni-
and stores, providing jobs and ser-
and
sions of bottled gas in the stores.
terms as governor from 1957 to
fied School District vocational
vices that now do not exist there.
Officials at the scene said hun-
1963 but lost an unprecedented bid
school and shops and restaurants
It would be the second redevel-
know
dreds of people were left homeless
for a fourth term in a Democratic
near the historic Watts Towers are
I be-
by the fire and that "at least 2,000"
primary race won by John Connal-
envisioned for an area that became
opment project for Watts. The first.
isbon
are out of jobs.
ly.
a national symbol for urban black
Please see WATTS. Page 23
LATIMES
aug25,88
Nos Angeles Times
WATTS: 1st Step Toward Redevelopment Project
3
Continued from Page 1
Evans said federal and state
less than a tenth the size of this
MANCHESTER
AVE.
riots. In the years that followed.
new housing. a large health center
GRAHAM AVE.
1966
highway funds for the Century
one. was approved a year after the
Redevelopment
Freeway project would be used for
Area
new housing. Some money for that
project has been set aside to pro-
and other facilities were built. But
92TH
ST.
SOUTH
vide housing for those displaced by
not until 1984. after years of Brad-
construction.
ley's jawboning business execu-
95TH
PL.
GATE
97TH ST.
Backers of the project said they
tives. was the area's centerpiece.
AVE.
believe a combination of low-
the Martin Luther King Jr. Shop-
CENTURY
BLVD.
99TH PL.
priced property and enterprise
ping Center. opened at 103rd Street
103RD
ST.
zone tax breaks. along with an
and Compton Avenue in the riot
zone's old "Charcoal Alley" of
BLVD.
increased number of graduates
AVE.
104TH
ST.
from the school district's vocation-
burned businesses.
108TH ST.
SUCCESS
Councilwoman Joan Milke Flo-
res. who represents most of the
COMPTON AVE.
WATTS
ALAMEDA ST.
al school, will result in rebuilding of
area. said she believes this project
CENTRAL
industry and more blue- and
AVALON
AVE.
will move faster because of the
HWY.
MONA
BLVD.
white-collar jobs.
Before, during and after World
IMPERIAL
War II, the South-Central area had
potential availability of federal and
CENTURY
FWY.
many industrial jobs from tire and
state funds from enterprise zone
(Under
Construction)
auto plants and other factories. But
programs.
LYNWOOD
"We see that the time is ripe."
Proposed
today, the auto and tire plants are
Redevelopment
gone, as are the other facilities,
Flores said in an interview. "All of
some jobs and increase business
HARBIR
Area
WILLOWBROOK
with the exception of a large num-
this will come together to provide
ber of junkyards.
EL SEGUNDO BLVD.
development in the area."
The project, totaling 1,900 acres,
would be 400 acres larger than the
Century Freeway's Impact
CRA's present biggest redevelop-
JOHN SNYDER / Los Angeles Times
ment area, downtown Los Angeles'
Councilman Robert C. Farrell.
1,500-acre Central Business Dis-
who represents part of the area,
sell it at cut-rate prices to private
are granted tax breaks and other
said he believes this project will be
trict project. Other CRA upgrading
buyers. In this case, the idea would
incentives to hire the unemployed.
more successful than the first one
projects under way are Hollywood,
be to sell the land to industrial
"We are kind of betting on the
1,100 acres; North Hollywood, 750
because it is adjacent to the Centu-
firms. If factories were built. prop-
come," said Bernard E. Evans,
acres; Hoover, 406 acres, and Ad-
ry Freeway being built to run to
erty tax revenues would increase
Flores' chief deputy. "Watts has
ams-Normandie, 404 acres.
Los Angeles International Airport
and money would be available for
been designated as an enterprise
and to the existing Harbor Free-
housing and other improvements.
zone. Whatever administration
Times researcher Cecilia Ras-
way. Two new trolley lines are
A second source would be the
comes in [in Washington in Janu-
mussen and The Times market-
already planned to serve the rede-
new federal and state enterprise
ary], we feel there will be more
ing research department con-
velopment area, one along the
zone programs in which businesses
funding for urban areas."
tributed to this story.
Century Freeway and the other
running from Long Beach to down-
town Los Angeles.
"This is what the promise of
redevelopment is about, helping
communities in great need," Far-
The World's
rell said.
Biggest
The project, initiated by Flores,
would take in an area roughly
Clothing
Store
bounded by the Harbor Freeway.
the city's eastern boundary, Centu-
Just For Kids!
KiDS'Я
ry Boulevard and Central Avenue,
generally surrounding the first re-
development area.
While Flores was the inspiration,
Don't Be Fooled By Departme
the project will come as welcome
political help for the mayor.
Bradley and the CRA board,
which he appoints, have been ac-
cused of placing a higher priority
on downtown Los Angeles devel-
We Have
opment than on reviving poor
neighborhoods and providing
housing for the poor.
The project is in an important
part of Bradley's political base, an
area that the mayor is counting on
for a big vote when he runs for
reelection next year.
The hoped-for improvements
would be financed by government
and private funds coming from a
number of sources. Flores said.
SAL
À major source would be the
redevelopment agency. It has the
power to buy land or take it over
through condemnation and then
BATTER: Right
every day th
to Sue Police
The Washington Post
FINAL
Detailed index on Page A2
Prices May Vary in Areas Outside
25c
THURSDAY, AUGUST 25, 1988
Metropolitan Washington (See Box on A2)
1988. The Washington Post Company
to Debate
Martial Law
e Sept. 20
Is Canceled
to Limit Matches
In Rangoon
orship of the bipartisan Com-
President Will Seek
on on Presidential Debates-
rovoked charges from the Du-
Referendum to End
camp that Bush IS intention-
telaying.
it commission is cochaired by
Single-Party Rule
ocratic National Committee
man Paul G. Kirk Jr. and his
counterpart, Frank J. Fah-
By Keith B. Richburg
Washington Post Foreign
pt Jr., and Dukakis has al-
committed himself to the
BANGKOK, Aug. 24-Embat-
inston-sponsored series fea-
tled Burmese President Maung
K three presidential matchups
Maung announced tonight that mar-
the between the vice presiden-
tial law had been lifted in Rangoon
andidates.
and, in what appeared to be a major
TO debate negotiations begin as
bow to the swelling ranks of pro-
w Washington Post-ABC News
testers, said his socialist party
indicated Bush has overcome a
would hold an "extraordinary" con-
ihis lead among those most
gress next month to propose ending
to vote. The survey also sug-
a quarter century of single-party
that the early controversy
rule.
unding Bush's running mate,
In a radio broadcast monitored
Dan Quayle of Indiana, does
here tonight, Maung Maung-who
vet appear to have hurt the Re-
last week was named Burma's first
can chances significantly. But
civilian president IfI 26 years after
out of five voters remains un-
massive protests against his mile
ded about Quayle's impact on
tary predecessors said he and the
ticket, according to the poll con-
ruling party's 11 member Central
ed Aug 17 23
Committee would resign it the come
See DEBATES, A12, Col 1
gress rejected his call for a reter
endum on multiparty government
Maung Maung's remarks came a
Dukakis
the month long. student-led pro
tests appeared to he spreading
Originally fueled by discontent over
the dismal state of the economy
I Kept at Distance
including food chortages and .1 dis
Workers at the repair shipyard in Gdansk gather to listen to a speech by Solidarity leader Lech Walesa yesterday.
astrous withdrawal from CHR ulation
of most currency last year the
marke's speech to the Enlisted
octation, National Guard of the
Power Struggle Intensifies in Poland
protests have taken on political con
tent, with young demonstrators ad
and States, was repeatedly in-
vocating western-style hberal de
rupted by shout of support
mocracy and III end to the right
... em hell, Dan." one man
Police Break / I' Some Pro-Solidarity Strikes as Others Begin
state/control of the ссопону
uted as others cheered "Just
Government workers and bank
Quavle rephed.
employees today joined the seu
Throughout the day, however, he
paid enterprise peacefully after
dissident di ting as THAT
dents Call for a nationwice general
aded repeated attempts in 't''
B. back buent
dets accompanying him to lisk
not squads moved 111
Solidarity 111 Gdansk
strike, bringing the capit and oth
With police pressure growing.
In 1 statement published 111 news
et cities vartual Jandshill Finn
''' questions about his Guard
WARSAW, Aug 24 communist
four other coal names were It's
papers today. the ruling communist
dreds of thousands of demon
TABLE and allegations concerning
Time he spent III A Florida house
authorities and supporter of the
ported to have abandoned strikes
party Pohtburo expressed deep.con
torse onverged on the capital VATE
111 a temale lobbvist on a 1980
banned Solidarity trade union today
today However, eight remained on
cern over the "mounting losses of
ter chanting Down with 19
take and unite spread 111 the port
the strike and 111 CODE diators
and "We want democracy
dhing up
struggled for control of
at LOSS Poland with strikes in a
of Gdansk and the huge Lenin steel
step, cknowledged that an COO
mg to news 12ency report 1129
Larher today. Quavle's rival.
nome reform program pursued this
counts from Rangoon west
emocratic VICE presidential nom
coal mines ending as new toppages
mill near Krakow.
et Floyd Bent CH support ted that
sprang everalateas
By tonight. both the government
year had tailed
havle 1% too immature to be VICE
Police operation. III the Silestan
of Gen Wop sech Jaruzelski and op
The Pohtburo promised Should
batay profe
revision of Hawed 01 mellective .11
the large
resident
mining district of Walbres and the
position leaders were struggling to
Baltis portrol Szezem forced all
keep up with new developments 111
rangements," calling If indispens
diplomat funding
Bent on total the Southern Levi
able to prepare urgently A Rave
million people mes have
dave Conference 111 Lexington K.
end to three tukes reports
the saw conther, who centers
on Solidarity's demand for legaliza
of topgap moves
101
the
111
throughd Cangoon treat
See QUAYLE All.
sand Seven persons were reported
Father Anno that
detained 111 Walbrych but 111 both
non The strike situation IS waver
nonal economy
Sex RMA
" inflation 111 ahoul Page 111
ones strikers walked of
my and Adam hunk. .1 leading
See
leavily on U.S. Prisons
First Black Elected President
THE WASHINGTON POST
A24 THURSDAY, AUGUST 25,198
Chile t
Power Struggle
CHI
Between Solidarity,
exiles are all
see if journ
write freely.
Party Intensifies
out whethe
something or
act."
In annour
POLAND, From A1
restrictions,
[In Hungary, more than 300 workers struck at a
government
key mine Wednesday, demanding restoration of
ing order
cuts in bonuses and changes in a new income tax,
The Cat
state radio said. The strike at the Mecsek mine
called on
was the first known worker protest against the
manders to
economic policies of Karoly Grosz since he became
didate acce
Communist Party leader in May.
[Hungarian state radio said agreement was
itary and t
reached to restore the bonuses and some strik-
chet last
ers resumed work. Others, said to include more
nate that
than 300 miners and some office workers, would
tough state
wait until Thursday, it was reported.]
Pinoche
ASSOCIATED
Overall, the government appeared to retain
the initiative in Poland as it pressed a strategy of
Workers around a ship being repaired in Gdansk listen to Lech Walesa, right, call for support for strike.
breaking the weakest strikes with police oper-
ations and increasing pressure gradually against
strike last May. A previous strike attempt failed
week, Deputy Prime Minister Zbigniew Szalajda
the strongholds of unrest in the coal mines
there yesterday and it was unclear late today
suggested a wage and price freeze to stop infla-
around Jastrzebie and Szczecin.
whether the new protest would take hold.
tion, now running at more than 60 percent.
Late this morning, a convoy of more than 60
The
Politburo statement today said the party
The moderate and self-critical tone of the gov-
leadership felt profound concern over the persist-
ernment statements aimed at the public con-
Sav
police vehicles, including water cannon and troop
carriers, moved toward Gdansk. Solidarity chief
trasted with a continued hard line toward Soli-
Lech Walesa continued to lead a weak but symbol-
ing shortages of various consumer goods, the
ically important strike there in the Lenin shipyard,
threat to the standard of living of some social
darity and the strikers. In Gdansk and Katowice,
groups, glaring income disparities
and the
prosecutors began criminal proceedings against
birthplace of Solidarity eight years ago this month.
Government officials confirmed that a strike in
prices and incomes policy presently pursued." It
strike leaders. Workers in the mines and ship-
added that efforts to form patriotic coalition" for
yards were pressed to sign statements of their
the Gdansk port spread today, shutting down
reform with the church and opposition groups
willingness to work and the Army threatened
divisions that had been operating since the stop-
would continue.
young striking miners with induction.
page began Monday. Although state television
reported that work continued in some docks, the
The tone of the statement suggested that a
Walesa, speaking at a repair shipyard in
new development appeared to leave two of Po-
Central Committee meeting due to be held in the
Gdansk, also shifted to a hard-line stance after
land's three major ports incapacitated.
coming days could lead to strong new economic
days of unanswered appeals for talks between
measures, or a shakeup in the government.
Solidarity and the government. "We must kick
In addition, a new stoppage began in the Lenin
A special session of parliament is to be held
out the jerks who are hindering us and have
mill in the Krakow suburb of Nowa Huta, Poland's
next week to consider economic measures. This
brought the country to beggary," he declared.
To
largest industrial firm and the site of a nine-day
th
How To Fit An Entire Dorm Room In Your Car And Still
Le
Have Room For The Sweater From Aunt Clara.
Get RTA from Scan: Furniture you take to school (or home) that's ready to assemble.
It's packed flat for easy carrying, SO you can load him up. Priced low for easy buying, with
6
savings of 15-50% on selected items through September 11. And SO simple to put together
that even an average student can handle it. And still wind up with above-average furniture.
C
Eve
you
CO
tur
he
12
fro
C
S
$119
$299
$99
against Iraq in
In an attempt to intimidate Iran on this issue,
side."
we say we will let them use half of the Shatt,
di
Iraq last month dispatched a large part of its
He said Iraq expects the direct negotiations
they will be able to impose their veto' or their
armored forces in the south together with what
"to reach a common understanding" of peace and
views on such things as our irrigation programs
C
U.S. intelligence officials described as "bridging
how to implement it, but he expressed concern
that might affect the flow of the waterway," the
C
equipment" to the banks of the Shatt al Arab
about the "concept of acceptance" by Iran.
official said. "This may lead to lots of friction in
Il
across from the Iranian port city of Khorramshahr.
"Is it a turning point in accepting a peaceful
the future."
S
This military move was intended to demon-
relationship with Iraq, as neighbors in the re-
Since the cease-fire, Iraqi officials have been
strate Iraqi negotiating strength and national
gion, or is it a tactical act?" the Iraqi asked.
angered to see small Iranian boats venture into
resolve to control the waterway under any new
Thursday's meeting with Iranian Foreign Min-
the Shatt flying the Iranian flag.
REPARATIONS
peace accord, according to an Iraqi official inter-
ister Ali Akbar Velayati will be a personal victory
In the fierce nationalistic competition that has
viewed in Baghdad before the delegation depart-
for Aziz, a Christian whose minority religious
enveloped the dispute, showing the Iranian flag
1
ed for Geneva.
status in the Moslem-dominated Iraqi govern-
on the waterway flouts Iraq's decision on Sept.
Such a negotiating gambit represents a seri-
ment has made him the subject of official taunts
17, 1980, to abrogate the Algiers accord and ban
ous escalation of Iraqi demands on the eve of the
from Tehran.
all ships from the waterway not flying the Iraqi
peace talks and at a time when Iraq's 1-million-
Velayati was due to arrive just after midnight,
flag and carrying Iraqi pilots, the official said.
man Army holds an overwhelming military ad-
but a large part of his delegation arrived today
The official acknowledged that in seeking to
vantage behind the newly imposed truce lines.
on an Iran Air flight from Tehran.
reexert dominion over all of the Shatt, Iraq, too,
Iran is expected to react strongly to such a
Responding to a reporter's question about
appears bent on creating the appearance of "vic-
SOURCE: Associated
demand, but Iraqi sources point out that Iraq has
Iranian claims that Iraq has violated the cease-
tory" in the negotiated settlement of the war.
AROUND THE WORLD
Colombia Suspends
bia alone, he said, had sent 126
planeloads.
5 U.S. Extraditions
Sudan appealed for urgent
international aid immediately
BOGOTA, Colombia-The
after floods caused by torrential
Colombian state tribunal said
rains hit Khartoum on Aug. 4
CLASS AC
yesterday it had suspended ex-
and 5. Ahmed imposed censor-
tradition orders by the United
ship on foreign journalists on
States against five suspected
Monday after criticism abroad
allohat's new in what's
leaders of the Medellin drug
of the government's handling of
ring.
aid.
WC
for back-to-schoo
The Council of State said it
had dropped the orders against
Korean Talks Pending
three brothers-Jorge, Juan and
SEOUL-Officials of North
20% off and m
Fabio Ochoa Vazquez-as well
and South Korea said today that
as Pablo Escobar and Gonzalo
they are willing to resume talks
Rodriguez Gacha in the last
on sharing next month's Olym-
three months.
pics and on a nonaggression
The move was in line with a
pact.
Supreme Court decision last
But there was no clear agree-
year that the extradition of
ment. North Korea suggested
Colombian drug traffickers to
meeting today and South Korea
the United States, agreed in a
proposed a session on Friday.
1979 treaty, was unconstitu-
Officials at the National As-
tional.
sembly said their chief delegate,
Marcos Appeals to Court
Park Joon Kyu, met privately
with his North Korean counter-
MANILA-Ousted president
part, Chon Kum Chol, at the
Ferdinand Marcos asked a Phil-
truce village of Panmunjom yes-
92
ippine court to order the gov-
terday. Later in the day, Seoul
ernment to give him travel doc-
telephoned Panmunjom to sug-
uments so he could return home
gest reopening talks Friday.
to defend himself against cor-
ruption charges.
For the Record
In a petition filed by his sister
About 90 United Nations
Fortuna Barba, Marcos said he
staff members are in detention
wanted to take advantage of his
around the world, a U.N. report
constitutional rights to attend
issued in Geneva said. The re-
legal proceedings against him.
The petition followed a court
port said about 60 employees of
the U.N. Relief and Works
ruling last week allowing gov-
Agency for Palestine Refugees
ernment lawyers to take evi-
had been arrested since October
dence from former Marcos Cab-
in Arab territories occupied by
inet minister Baltazar Aquino
Israel. Other officials were held
before they file a formal crim-
in Chad, Rwanda and Ethiopia.
inal case against the ex-
Officials in Nepal and India
president.
calculated that the toll in Sun-
Sudan Criticizes Aid
day's earthquake had reached
758 deaths and 950 persons
KHARTOUM,
Sudan-
injured.
Sudan criticized western coun-
The PLO has begun using the
Iries for what it called their
expression "the Palestinian
meager aid to flood victims and
Bank" in place of "the West
reasserted its commitment to
Bank"-a change intended to
censor reports by foreign jour-
mark its assumption of a new
malists covering the disaster.
role in the Israeli-occupied ter-
Information Minister Abdul-
ritory. The new name appeared
lah Mohammed Ahmed told for-
in dispatches of the Palestine
eign reporters that Arab coun-
Liberation Organization news
tries had provided 90 percent of
agency WAFA distributed in
the 248 planeloads of relief sup-
Selections for boys and girls.
Tunis.
plies to arrive SO far. Saudi Ara-
counterclockwise from top left:
From news and staff reports
Tierdress knit, solid royal, red or grape
over striped skirt, / to 14,
reg. 30.00, 21.99
Israel Says 5 Hezbollah Guerrillas Killed
Little boys' striped knit shirt, reg. 14.00. 9.99
Little boys' corduroys, reg. 16 00, 11.99
diers and more than 1,000 South
Shirt, pants in cotton-polyester, colors, to 7
Associated Press
colors
A12 WEDNESDAY, JULY 6, 1988
THE WASHINGTON POST
King Hussein-to Israelis, the Once and Future Key to Rea
so Israelis speculate on what he
"If we run matters, we are all the
defens
By Glenn Frankel
wants and how he can be persuaded
time going to be facing rocks," said
gested
Washington Post Foreign Service
to come to the bargaining table.
Foreign Minister and Labor Party
off
JERUSALEM-The royal yacht
They have tried alternately to se-
King Hussein has
chairman Shimon Peres in revealing
bobbed up and down in the gentle
duce, cajole and threaten him. They
remarks to high school students
Hus
Red Sea waves, a diminutive man in
express affection for him and anger,
floated on the edge
earlier this year. "And we have lim-
Israeli
swimming trunks at the helm. The
itations in how to handle those who
find h
concern for his safety and disdain
Israelis in the nearby speedboat
for his unwillingness to take the big
of Israel's political
throw the rocks-limitations which
leak
waved, and the helmsman waved
risk by coming to Jerusalem as
back.
Anwar Sadat once did.
life and conscious-
we have placed upon ourselves,
meeti
since we do not want to be beasts.
sisten
"Come visit Israel," one of them
If the Jordanians were [confronted
Sadat
Now the troubled, bittersweet
shouted to him. "I hope it will hap-
ness for more than
with] the goings-on in Hebron, they
offer
romance between the king and his
pen one day, inshallah [God will-
three decades, an
would handle things differently, and
Egypt
Israeli neighbors has reached what
ing]," Jordan's King Hussein replied
perhaps in a better way."
peace
experts say may be a new turning
with a smile.
When Peres came to office as
ritori
point. Palestinians in the West Bank
Just as his yacht floated off Is-
elusive, ambiguous
prime minister in 1984, he was ea-
Aft
and Gaza, in their seven-month-long
rael's shore that day a year ago,
ger to cut a deal with Hussein, but
Huss
King Hussein has floated on the
uprising, have not only rebelled
and tempting
the king insisted on first mustering
of "Jo
edge of Israel's political life and
against Israel's rule, but against the
figure.
Palestinian support by entering into
pledy
consciousness for more than three
long-held Israeli notion that these
talks with Palestine Liberation Or-
nomi
decades, an elusive, ambiguous and
territories, or at least their recal-
ganization leader Yasser Arafat. By
and
tempting figure. He is a constant
citrant population, could somehow
the time those talks broke down in
in C1
subject of conversation and curios-
be entrusted to the care of the king.
February 1986, Peres' term in office
izers
ity here, a key part of any peace
"Jordan has seen its influence
was almost over. He and Hussein
publi
settlement envisaged by Israel's
vanishing here," says prominent
eventually agreed at a secret meet-
sein
Palestinian newspaper editor Hanna
of Iraq, Syria and Israel, are sur-
For years, a centerpiece of Is-
government and a major target of
ing in London in April 1987 to en-
in th
Siniora. "If there is one message
vivors.
rael's policy on resolving the prob-
its diplomacy, a potential savior and
dorse a limited international peace
your
this uprising has made clear, it is
The king has met secretly with
lem of the occupied territories has
conference, but Peres' coalition part-
unde
a continuing source of dilemma.
that we do not want to parlay an oc-
Israeli leaders at least a dozen
been something called "the Jordan-
He also fills an important place in
ner and successor as prime minister,
no
Israel's anxieties and its dreams, and
cupation by Israel into domination
times over the years, and there is a
ian option." But like everything else
Yitzhak Shamir of the Likud Bloc, ve-
sens
his soothing words and image even
by Jordan."
de facto peace on their 300-mile-
in this divided society, the option
toed the arrangement.
have
Hussein is 52-younger than any
long border. Yet a formal state of
has meant different things to differ-
The more hawkish Likud has al-
T
flood its homes through Jordan Tele-
vision, the Amman-based, state-run
of Israel's senior leaders-but he
war still exists, and Israelis are
ent politicians.
ways been less enamored of Hus-
upril
broadcast station whose powerful
has ruled Jordan for 37 years. He
barred from entering Jordan. But
Jordan ruled the West Bank from
sein-Shamir has taken recently to
tinia
signal is easily received here.
came to power after the assassina-
that has not stopped everyone: Jor-
1948 to 1967, when Israel con-
calling him "one of the obstacles to
wor
Ultimately, many in Israel be-
tion of King Abdullah, his grandfa-
danian security forces over the
quered it during the six-day war. The
peace"-yet it is equally at a loss
We
ther, and he has survived 11 doc-
years have killed at least a dozen Is-
Israeli Labor Party, which forms part
over how to proceed without him.
trol
lieve he holds the key to resolving
this country's trouble-filled occu-
umented assassination attempts.
raelis making illegal overland treks
of the governing coalition, had for
The Likud would like the 850,000
per
pation of the West Bank and Gaza-
Above all, it is said, he and his state
across the southern desert border
years defined the Jordanian option as
Arab residents of the West Bank-
the
Strip and to ending 40 years of Is-
for a glimpse of the ancient, mythic
turning over to Hussein most of the
of 4 million people, sandwiched be-
most of whom still hold Jordanian
in
West Bank-along with the Gaza
raeli-Arab wars and hostility. And
tween the stronger, hostile nations
city of Petra.
passports-to be considered citi-
Strip, which was administered by
zens of Jordan, even to the extent of
Hus
Egypt before 1967-while retaining
voting in that country's elections,
tion
East Jerusalem and strategic por-
while Israel would retain control of
sup
tions of the West Bank.
det
Uganda Experiences Novelty of Peace
the land, possibly annexing it.
In recent years, however, Labor
Likud leaders point out often that
per
has revised its viewpoint somewhat
65 percent of Jordan's own popula-
esti
to embrace the concept that Pales-
tion is Palestinian and thus Jordan it-
for
After Years of Violence and Killing
tinians in the territories also should
self is ultimately a Palestinian state,
eup
have a say in their future. The Jor-
even though Hussein is of Bedouin
and
danian option has thus become for
origin. "There has never been a Jor-
Labor a "Jordanian-Palestinian op-
danian option-there is a Palestinian
tha
UGANDA, From A9
than a fractious collection of mutu-
tion," that would have Israel nego-
option," said Shamir's chief of staff,
he
SUDAN
ally suspicious tribes, each con-
tiate peace with a joint delegation.
Yosef Ben-Aharon, in a recent radio
ic reform as well, earning his gov-
vinced, in some cases with good
But at bottom, Labor Party hopes
interview. "And the person who is in
Hu
ernment $320 million in aid pledges
reason, that to be out of power is to
have always centered around the
charge, the main spokesman for the
one
from western donors. This month,
be cut out of economic opportunity.
pragmatic, rational Hussein, not the
Palestinians, is King Hussein, wheth-
into
the government is expected to an-
ZAIRE
Partly as a result of the divide-
explosive, politically dangerous Pal-
er he wants to be or not. History will
gar
UGANDA
nounce a reform package, worked
and-rule technique of the colonial
estinians. "Hussein has always been
force this reality and this truth upon
gue
out with the World Bank and west-
uwero
British, Uganda is split along a
attractive to Labor people because,
him and us, and upon the Palestinian
wa
ern donor countries, that is intend-
Triangle
like them, he is a realist with a
Arabs."
Nakaseke
north-south fault line, with econom-
ed to prime the pump for even more
healthy sense of self-interest that
Labor helped rescue Hussein in
kin
KENYA
ic and political power still concen-
assistance next year.
Kampala
they can appeal to," says Israeli-
1970 by supporting his successful
the
trated in the south and military re-
Observers here say the hardest
American philosopher David Hart-
campaign to combat and ultimately
riz
Lake
cruits drawn from the less devel-
man. "The Palestinians symbolize
expel the PLO from his territory.
sue
part-figuring out how and when to
Victoria
oped north.
chaos and tribal warfare. while Hus-
At Hussein's request, the Labor
SOI
divide political power among the
RWANDA
"This is a very difficult country to
sein is order and stability.'
government warned off Syrian
jou
country's competing ethnic
100
rule," one Kampala cleric said
Hussein also has a weapon the Is-
forces poised to intervene on the
We
groups-is yet to come, but in the
TANZANIA
MILES
mournfully. "There are so many
raelis claim they themselves cannot
PLO's side. By contrast, Likud
on
impoverished capital, the novelty of
people who would like to be in pow-
use in the West Bank-the iron fist.
strategist Ariel Sharon, the former
me
peace has induced a faint but dis-
SUDAN
ETHIOPIA
er."
cernible euphoria.
Museveni has tried to balance his
Christopher Sembajjwa, a 47-
Cabinet between north and south
year-old Ugandan businessman who
ZAIRE
UGANDA
with representatives of rival ethnic
returned to Kampala late last year
Kampala
KENYA
and political groups. His National
after 13 years of exile in Kenya, is
Lake
Victoria
Resistance Army has begun to in-
running a garage to make ends
RWANDA
corporate soldiers from vanquished
meet while he negotiates to recover
BURUNDI
TANZANIA
rebel forces. The government has
the Wimpy's restaurant franchise
Indian
vowed to spend a large part of its
You know
taken from him, and subsequently
Ocean
aid money in the long-neglected
run into the ground, by Amin's cro-
AFRICA
north.
mes in 1971.
For all its achievements and
"Now you have seen for yourself
UGANDAI
promise, however, the Museveni
how Uganda is," he said proudly,
government is still capable of acting
for our cook
showing a visitor the morning crush
arbitrarily. The country's broadly
of minibuses and pedestrians at the
drawn Public Order and Security
city's once-deserted taxi park.
Act has been used by the govern-
"People are working."
THE WASHINGTON POST
ment in recent months to arrest and
Random machine gun fire in
these things did them in confidence
detain journalists, editors and hu-
Kampala, common as birdcall as
that no one would ever do anything
man rights activists as well as po-
you'll love
recently as eight months ago, now
about it. This was often told to the
litical and military opponents.
is rarely heard. Instead of rushing
victims while they were tortured:
Political parties are still muzzled,
for
THE WASHINGTON POST
in-to Israelis, the Once and Future Key to Real Peace
0 Israelis speculate on what he
"If we run matters, we are all the
defense minister, has often sug:
vants and how he can be persuaded
time going to be facing rocks," said
gested that Israel would be better
o come to the bargaining table:
Foreign Minister and Labor Party
off if: the Palestinians overthrew
'hey have tried alternately to se-
King Hussein has
chairman Shimon Peres in revealing
Hussein and took power in Jordan.
luce, cajole and threaten him. They
remarks to high school students
Hussein, by all accounts, finds the
xpress affection for him and anger,
floated on the edge
earlier this year. "And we have lim-
Israelis just as exasperating as they
oncern for his safety and disdain
itations in how to handle those who
of. Israel's political
find him. He dislikes the way they
or his unwillingness to take the big
throw the rocks-limitations which
leak details of supposedly secret
isk by coming to Jerusalem as
life and conscious-
we have placed upon ourselves,
meetings. He also deplores their in-
Anwar Sadat once did.
since we do not want to be beasts.
sistence that he replay the role of
Now the troubled, bittersweet
omance between the king and his
ness for more than
If the Jordanians were [confronted
Sadat even though Israel refuses to
with] the goings-on in Hebron, they
offer him what it offered the late
sraeli neighbors has reached what
three decades, an
would handle things differently, and
Egyptian president in exchange for a
xperts say may be a new turning
perhaps in a better way."
peace treaty-the return of the ter-
oint. Palestinians in the West Bank
elusive, ambiguous
When Peres came to office as
ritories he lost in 1967.
nd Gaza, in their seven-month-long
prime minister in 1984, he was ea-
After his 1986 split with Arafat,
and tempting
ger to cut a deal with Hussein, but
prising, have not only rebelled
Hussein sought to pursue a strategy
gainst Israel's rule, but against the
the king insisted en first mustering
of "Jordanization" in the West Bank,
ong-held Israeli notion that these
figure.
Palestinian support by entering into
pledging to pour money into eco-
talks with Palestine Liberation Or-
nomic development in the territory
erritories, or at least their recal-
ganization leader Yasser Arafat. By
and quietly cooperating with Israel
itrant population, could somehow
the time those talks broke down in
in cracking down on PLO organ-
e entrusted to the care of the king.
February 1986, Peres' term in office
izers and supporters. But a 1986
"Jordan has seen its influence
was almost over. He and Hussein
public opinion poll showed that Hus-
anishing here," says prominent
eventually agreed at a secret meet-
of Iraq, Syria and Israel, are sur-
sein commanded little or no support
'alestinian newspaper editor Hanna
For years, a centerpiece of Is-
ing in London in April 1987 to en-
in the West Bank, especially among
iniora. "If there is one message
vivors.
rael's policy on resolving the prob-
dorse a limited international peace
younger Palestinians who grew up
his uprising has made clear, it is
The king has met secretly with
lem of the occupied territories has
conference, but Peres' coalition part-
under Israeli occupation and have
hat we do not want to parlay an oc-
Israeli leaders at least a dozen
been something called "the Jordan-
ner and successor as prime minister,
no memory of Jordanian rule and no
upation by Israel into domination
times over the years, and there is a
ian option." But like everything else
Yitzhak Shamir of the Likud Bloc, ve-
sense of loyalty to a monarch they
y Jordan."
de facto peace on their 300-mile-
in this divided society, the option
toed the arrangement.
have never seen.
Hussein is 52-younger than any
long border. Yet a formal state of
has meant different things to differ-
The more hawkish Likud has al-
That same generation has led the
if Israel's senior leaders-but he
war still exists, and Israelis are
ent politicians.
ways been less enamored of Hus-
uprising. Its battle cry is for Pales-
as ruled Jordan for 37 years. He
barred from entering Jordan. But
Jordan ruled the West Bank from
sein-Shamir has taken recently to
tinian self-determination-in other
ame to power after the assassina-
that has not stopped everyone: Jor-
1948 to 1967, when Israel con-
calling him "one of the obstacles to
words, an independent state in the
ion of King Abdullah, his grandfa-
danian security forces over the
quered it during the six-day war. The
peace"-yet it is equally at a loss
West Bank and Gaza under the con-
her, and he has survived 11 doc-
years have killed at least a dozen Is-
Israeli Labor Party, which forms part
over how to proceed without him.
trol of neither Israel nor Jordan but
mented assassination attempts.
raelis making illegal overland treks
of the governing coalition, had for
The Likud would like the 850,000
perhaps linked to one or both of
\bove all, it is said, he and his state
across the southern desert border
years defined the Jordanian option as
Arab residents of the West Bank-
them in some kind of confederation
if 4 million people, sandwiched be-
for a glimpse of the ancient, mythic
turning over to Hussein most of the
most of whom still hold Jordanian
in the future.
ween the stronger, hostile nations
city of Petra.
West Bank-along with the Gaza
passports-to be considered citi-
Faced with this new situation,
Strip, which was administered by
zens of Jordan, even to the extent of
Hussein has scrapped the Jordaniza-
Egypt before 1967-while retaining
voting in that country's elections,
tion program and emphasized his
East Jerusalem and strategic por-
while Israel would retain control of
support for Palestinian self-
tions of the West Bank.
eriences Novelty of Peace
the land, possibly annexing it.
determination. He remains on the
In recent years, however, Labor
Likud leaders point out often that
periphery, willing to assist the Pal-
has revised its viewpoint somewhat
65 percent of Jordan's own popula-
estinians but not prepared to fight
to embrace the concept that Pales-
tion is Palestinian and thus Jordan it-
for them, waiting patiently for the
f Violence and Killing
tinians in the territories also should
self is ultimately a Palestinian state,
euphoria of the uprising to wear off
have a say in their future. The Jor-
even though Hussein is of Bedouin
and for residents of the West Bank
danian option has thus become for
origin. "There has never been a Jor-
and Gaza to come to the realization
Labor a "Jordanian-Palestinian op-
danian option-there is a Palestinian
that they may need him as much as
than a fractious collection of mutu-
tion," that would have Israel nego-
option," said Shamir's chief of staff,
he needs them.
SUDAN
ally suspicious tribes, each con-
tiate peace with a joint delegation.
Yosef Ben-Aharon, in a recent radio
In the end, many Israelis suspect
vinced, in some cases with good
But at bottom, Labor Party hopes
interview. "And the person who is in
Hussein will never come to any-
reason, that to be out of power is to
have always centered around the
charge, the main spokesman for the
one's negotiating table, that his real
be cut out of economic opportunity.
pragmatic, rational Hussein, not the
Palestinians, is King Hussein, wheth-
interest is in simply keeping the
ZAIRE
UGANDA
Partly as a result of the divide-
explosive, politically dangerous Pal-
er he wants to be or not. History will
game going and his antagonists
and-rule technique of the colonial
estinians. "Hussein has always been
force this reality and this truth upon
guessing because that is the best
Luwero
British, Uganda is split along a
attractive to Labor people because,
him and us, and upon the Palestinian
way to ensure his own survival.
Triangle
Nakaseke
north-south fault line, with econom-
like them, he is a realist with a
Arabs."
Still, to those desperate for some
KENYA
ic and political power still concen-
healthy sense of self-interest that
Labor helped rescue Hussein in
kind of workable political solution,
Kampala
they can appeal to," says Israeli-
trated in the south and military re-
1970 by supporting his successful
the king dances on the eastern ho-
American philosopher David Hart-
cruits drawn from the less devel-
campaign to combat and ultimately
Lake
rizon like a desert mirage. "He is
man. "The Palestinians symbolize
expel the PLO from his territory.
Victoria
oped north.
such a handsome and romantic per-
chaos and tribal warfare, while Hus-
At Hussein's request the abor
son," says Michael Sela, an Israeli
RWANDA
"This is a very difficult country to
sein is order and stability."
government warned off Syrian
journalist who has long covered the
100
rule," one Kampala cleric said
Hussein also has a weapon the Is-
forces poised to intervene on the
West Bank. "We have to find some-
TANZANIA
MILES
mournfully. "There are so many
raelis claim they themselves cannot
PLO's side. By contrast, Likud
one we can trust, and we want very
people who would like to be in pow-
use in the West Bank-the iron fist.
strategist Ariel Sharon, the former
much to trust him."
SUDAN
ETHIOPIA
er."
Museveni has tried to balance his
Cabinet between north and south
ZAIRE
UGANDA
with representatives of rival ethnic
Kampala
KENYA
and political groups. His National
Lake
Victoria
Resistance Army has begun to in-
RWANDA
corporate soldiers from vanquished
BURUNDI
TANZANIA
rebel forces. The government has
Indian
vowed to spend a large part of its
Ocean
You know us
aid money in the long-neglected
AFRICA
north.
For all its achievements and
UGANDA
promise, however, the Museveni
government is still capable of acting
arbitrarily. The country's broadly
for our cookies,
drawn Public Order and Security
THE WASHINGTON POST
Act has been used by the govern-
ment in recent months to arrest and
these things did them in confidence
detain journalists, editors and hu-
that no one would ever do anything
man rights activists as well as po-
you'll love us
about it. This was often told to the
litical and military opponents.
victims while they were tortured:
Political parties are still muzzled,
THE WASHINGTON Pos
WORLD NEWS
25 AUGUST
Chile to Lift State of Emergency
Decision Precedes Military Choice of Candidate for Plebiscite
be eliminated-a formal state of
By Eugene Robinson
emergency and a "state of distur
Washington Post Foreign Service
bance to the internal peace." Since
BUENOS AIRES, Aug. 24-The
Pinochet took power in a coup
Chilean government of Gen. Augus-
against the leftist rule of Salvador
Allende on Sept. 11, 1973, some''
to Pinochet, about to conduct a yes-
sort of state of siege, emergency 8rhn
or-no plebiscite that polls show it
might lose, announced today it will
disturbance to the peace has always'v
lift all states of emergency in Chile
been in effect.
The states of emergency gave
for the first time since Pinochet
the government extraordinary pow:
seized power in a coup 15 years
ers to limit public gatherings, res
ago.
strict the press, arrest and hold
Interior Minister Sergio Fernan-
dez announced in a press confer-
persons without judicial authoriza
tion and exile persons deemed dan
ence that President Pinochet had
prepared decrees abolishing the
gerous to security.
Critics of the regime said it has
two existing states of emergency,
used its powers to stack the deck m""
which had given the government
the plebiscite campaign. For exam-
broad powers to stifle dissent. The
decrees become effective on their
ple, rallies sponsored by the "no",
campaign sometimes have been
publication in an official govern-
broken up by security forces under
ment bulletin, perhaps as early as
GEN. AUGUSTO PINOCHET
the rules limiting public assembly
Thursday.
expected to run for presidency
Genaro Arriagada, executive sec
The heads of the Chilean armed
retary of the umbrella group lead
forces, including Pinochet, are to
been scheduled but is expected to
ing the "no" campaign, has cited the
meet Tuesday to choose a presiden-
take place early in October.
existence of the states of emergen-
tial candidate who will stand in the
For the opposition, as well as for
cy as a major obstacle to a fair ref-
upcoming plebiscite. If approved by
the Roman Catholic Church, human
erendum.
the voters, the candidate-widely
rights groups and even some sup-
Socialist leader Ricardo Lagos, a
expected to be Pinochet-would
serve an eight-year presidential
porters of the government, lifting of
key figure in the "no" campaign,"
the states of emergency was a key
said tonight, "I think it's very early
term.
issue. They challenged the legiti-
to offer an opinion on what Pinochet
The Chilean opposition has run a
macy of a vote held under rules that
has done. Let's see if Chileans are"
coordinated campaign for a "no"
vote on the government's candidate
could severely limit civil liberties.
allowed to meet freely. Let's see if
Two states of emergency are to
See CHILE, A24, Col. 5
in the plebiscite, which has not yet
Japanese Defense Minister Resigns
ASSOCIATED
wound she said Burundian troops inflicted.
Gesture Intended to Show Remorse for Fatal Submarine Collision
In refugee camps near the bor-
der, U.N. officials have said there
that the Self-Defense Forces were a
to pay respects to victims and their
vho
are many Hutus with bayonet and
By Margaret Shapiro
bullet wounds.
party to in which many precious
relatives.
Washington Post Foreign Service
in
lives were lost."
In 1986, for instance, when a JAL
[As refugees from Burundi con-
tinue to pour into Rwanda, they are
TOKYO, Aug. 24-Japan's de-
Kawara's resignation had been
jet crashed into a Japanese moun-
fense minister resigned today in a
tainside, killing most people on
reporting that the Army is still en-
expected for some time since the
gaged in some killing, according to
political gesture designed to show
board, the airline's president
Japanese believe that top manage-
remorse for a Navy submarine's
promptly resigned. A defense min-
The Associated Press.]
ment must take responsibility for
collision with a fishing boat last
ister resigned 17 years ago when a
ven
While the government said today
any serious mishaps involving their
month that left 30 civilians dead.
Japanese Air Force plane collided III
that the situation in the north had
organization. Unlike in the United
all
The accident unleashed negative
returned to normal, independent
States, where resignation would be
public sentiment toward Japan's
killing 162 people.
sources here said that there is still
taken as an admission of guilt and
The deeply felt Japanese sense of
military establishment.
of
automatic weapons fire in the re-
Tsutomu Kawara, the civilian
thus occurs only under extreme
responsibility on occasion has
gion at night. Fearing government
pressure, in Japan such an action IS
caused more extreme expressions
head of Japan's Self-Defense
be
revenge, Hutus are using cover of
Forces, said he was stepping down
seen as necessary to acknowledge
of remorse. Recently. a police chief
See BURUNDI, A23, Col. 3
because of the "very sad accident
the seriousness of an incident and
See JAPAN, A23, Col. 1
THE WASHINGTON POST
Chile to Lift State of Emergency
make it even more likely that he
CHILE, From A18
would run himself, setting up what
exiles are allowed to return. Let's
amounts to a yes-or-no vote on his
see if journalists are allowed to
15 years of rule.
write freely. Eventually we will find
Polls show the contest to be
out whether this really means
close, with a large but slowly dimin-
something or if it is just a cosmetic
ishing number of undecided voters.
act,"
Nearly 7 million Chileans have reg-
In announcing the lifting of the
istered to vote in the plebiscite, out
restrictions, Fernandez cited the
of a total population of about 12
government's success "in establish-
million.
ing order within the country."
Under the rules of the plebiscite,
The Catholic Church recently
set down in a disputed constitution
called on the armed forces com-
approved in 1980, if the govern-
manders to choose a consensus can-
ment's candidate wins, he serves as
didate acceptable to both the mil-
president for eight years, after
itary and the opposition, but Pino-
which there is a transition to de-
chet last week appeared to elimi-
mocracy. If the candidate is re-
nate that possibility with a series of
jected, Pinochet remains in power
tough statements.
for another year, at which point he
Pinochet's hard line seemed to
is obliged to call free electionsi
ASSOCIATED
epaired in Gdansk listen to Lech Walesa, right, call for support for strike.
trike attempt failed
week, Deputy Prime Minister Zbigniew Szalajda
unclear late today
suggested a wage and price freeze to stop infla-
Id take hold.
tion, now running at more than 60 percent.
ern over the persist-
ernment statements aimed at the public con-
20%to The Best Famous Brand
50°Every
Day!
oday said the party
The moderate and self-critical tone of the gov-
Save
insumer goods, the
trasted with a continued hard line toward Soli-
ving of some social
darity and the strikers. In Gdansk and Katowice,
Linens
arities
and the
prosecutors began criminal proceedings against
resently pursued." It
strike leaders. Workers in the mines and ship-
atriotic coalition" for
yards were pressed to sign statements of their
d opposition groups
willingness to work and the Army threatened
young striking miners with induction.
nt suggested that a
Walesa, speaking at a repair shipyard in
Linens
due to be held in the
Gdansk, also shifted to a hard-line stance after
trong new economic
days of unanswered appeals for talks between
ne government.
Solidarity and the government. "We must kick
ament is to be held
out the jerks who are hindering us and have
omic measures. This
brought the country to beggary," he declared.
Today
through Sunday!
Room In Your Car And Still
Pre-
ater From Aunt Clara.
Labor
Day
ool (or home) that's ready to assemble.
id him up. Priced low for easy buying, with
eptember 11. And SO simple to put together
6-Piece Bath
di still wind up with above-average furniture.
Coordinates
Everything you need to decorate
your bathroom at one low price, Set
contains: waste basket, matching
tumbler, soap dish, toothbrush holder,
heavy gauge shower curtain, and
12 matching curtain hooks. Choose
from 6 great colors.
Compare at $16
$088
Sale
$299
Coordinated Percale Sheet
& Pillowcase Sets
SIZE
Compare at
SALE
$99
I asy-care III a wide range
of styles and colors Each
Twin Set
$16
$9.88
1
that
shoot.
Full Set
$23
$15.88
A12 THURSDAY, AUGUST 25, 1988
THE WASHINGTON POST
Annapolis Primping May Be for Naught After Bush-Dukakis Debate Canceled
too closely, and not leave enough
nees. The other scheduled sites are
campaigns all have comfortable
With what local officials say would
tions as a debate site-whenever
By Howard Schineider
time for preparation.
Winston-Salem, N.C., and Pitts-
places to eat, sleep and park their
be the largest television audience for
the first debate mis
be.
Washington Post Staff Writer
That left officials from Gov. Wil-
burgh, with a vice presidential de-
cars-no small feat in a town de-
a nonsporting event, the city was
"If there is going
be a reshuf
ANNAPOLIS, Aug. 24-State
liam Donald Schaefer on down
bate set for Omaha.
signed for life in the 1700s.
primping hard, and everyone, from
fling, I don't think
decision
au-
and local officials who scheduled
scrambling to figure out whether
In a news release after Bush's
Walls and sidewalks were to be
Schaefer on down, was hoping to
tomatically, definitely rules out"
partiés, called for a citywide
Annapolis will get to host a later
announcement, Dukakis campaign
scrubbed. Weeds were to be pulled,
capitalize on the attention.
Annapolis, Roskelly said. "We mere-
cleanup, and raised $300,000 to
debate, or whether their planning
chairman Paul Brountas blasted the
alleys cleaned, and baskets of red,
"It is a feather not only in the cap
promote a presidential debate in
was wasted. Schaefer and others
decision as an "inexcusable" blow to
white and blue flowers hung from
ly need to explore the other oppor-
of the city but the state of Mary-
tunities."
this historic city on Sept. 14 found
had viewed the debate as a public
public discourse. Brountas said Du-
the doors of stores along the city's
their plans foiled today when the
quaint Main Street. Schaefer, Anne
land," Annapolis tourism director
relations-and economic-tool for
kakis planned to be at the U.S. Na-
He said the city had raised from
debate was canceled.
the state.
val Academy's Halsey Field House
Arundel County Executive James
Thomas Roskelly said yesterday.
private sources more than
The city's yearlong battle to be-
"Maryland is the first of three
on Sept. 14 to discuss foreign policy
Lighthizer and Annapolis Mayor
"What kind of value do you put on
$300,000 of the estimated
come the site for a presidential de-
Dennis Callahan were planning to
this kind of national or international
presidential debates and we are
and national security issues.
$500,000 needed to add air condi-
If the Democratic nominee finds
host a party for 1,000 at the Mary-
exposure?"
bate this year was apparently lost
proceeding with our plans," Schae-
tioning to the Halsey Field House,
after Republican nominee George
fer said in a written statement re-
himself alone, at least he won't find
land State House. And, of course,
Although Bush might have ruled
install telephone lines and. extra
Bush refused to face Democrat Mi-
leased late in the afternoon. The
himself unwelcome. Preparations
the city's fewer than 1,500 hotel
out the Sept. 14 date, the Repub-
power for the media, and otherwise
chael S. Dukakis until after Sept 20.
city was picked in the spring by the
have been moving into high gear
rooms were going fast; the local
lican nominee has not yet agreed to
stage the event.
Bush campaign officials said the
private, nonprofit Commission on
since the spring to ensure that
Radisson Hotel had already re-
any other debate time or place.
Only about $30,000 of that has
vice president believed any debate
Presidential Debates to host the
3,000 members of the international
served 150 of its 217 rooms to de-
That left Roskelly and Schaefer a
been spent, Roskelly said.
scheduled before then would follow
first of that group's encounters be-
press corps, 2,500 debate ticket-
bate-related visitors on Sept. 13
ray of hope that they quickly seized,
The rest will be refunded if no
the Republican National Convention
tween the two major party nomi-
holders and contingents from both
and 14.
pledging to continue their prepara-
debate is held here.
AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR
FINAL 3 DAYS!
AFL
TODAY'S MAN FIRST-EVER
CIO
CONDRESS
OF
DICAMIZATIONS
INDUSTRIAL
CONSOLIDATION
JAMES RTON-THE WASHINGTON POST
CLEARANCE
Michael S. Dukakis speaks to AFL-CIO members after they endorsed him.
Bush Wants Debates Set
This is it! Your last chance at the very best values of the season.
No Earlier Than Sept. 20
We must make room for new Fall arrivals. If you miss this, you'll
really miss something special!
DEBATES, From AI
Since the four debates between
John F. Kennedy and Richard M.
The survey showed Bush with a
Nixon in 1960, televised debates
48 percent to 46 percent lead over
have become a political institution,
Dukakis among a random sampling
and have played a major role in ev-
of 1.123 likely voters. The 2-point
ery presidential election since
000
Bush
lead
1976
R
THE WASHINGTON POST
THURSDAY, AUGUST 25, 1988 A19
Iraq Presses for Full Control of Waterway
THE GENEVA TALKS AT A GLANCE
Claim on Shatt al Arab Could Complicate Peace Talks Beginning Today in Geneva
PRISONERS
OF
WAR
U.N. Security Council Resolution 598 urges that POWs
from the Iran-Iraq War "be released and repatriated
without delay after the cessation of active hostilities," in
By Patrick E Tyler
controlled the waterway for most of the century
fire by moving its troops forward on the central
accordance with the Geneva conventions.
Washington Post Foreign Service
and only rellnquished half the channel to Iran
front near the border town of Fekkah, Aziz said
U.N. Secretary General Perez de Cuellan no sent a
when the late shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was
Iraq had acted under the supervision of U.N. ob-
special mission to both countries inquiring Into the POW
GENEVA, Aug. 24-As delegations from Iran
exerting strong military pressure on Iraq in the
and Iraq arrived here today to prepare for their
servers during the weekend to push back Iranian
situation, says there are more than 80,000 prisoners.
mid-1970s. Under agreements in 1847, 1913
forces that had advanced just before the cease-
The all-Swiss International Committee of the Red Cross,
first face-to-face peace talks since the Persian
and 1937, Iraq controlled the waterway, the of-
fire began.
which supervises observance of the Geneva conventions,
Gulf war erupted nearly eight years ago, Iraqi
ficial noted.
has registered 50,182 POWs in Iranian camps and
officials indicated that any lasting agreement
The struggle to control the Shatt al Arab, a
19,284 in Iraqi camps,
Late today, Iraqi Foreign Minister Tariq Aziz
must- recognize Baghdad's control over the en-
30-mile stretch of water that provides Iraq with
Many of the POWs on both sides are expected to
led his delegation into this neutral city far re-
its only outlet to the Persian Gulf for oil and car-
tire Shatt al Arab waterway, which separates the
refuse repatriation. The Red Cross says it will organize
moved from the sweltering heat of the 730-mile
southern oil fields of the two countries.
go trade, is more than a century old and remains
the process only if it has access to every-prisoner to
cease-fire line where 350 U.N. observers took
Foreign ministers from the two belligerent
at the heart of the border disputes that propelled
make sure that he agrees to repatriation.
up positions late last week.
the parties toward warfare in 1980.
nations are due to sit down together Thursday
"We have come in good faith," Aziz told report-
under the mediation of U.N. Secretary General
Under pressure in 1975, Iraq accepted terms
ers at the airport. "We will do our best to make
Javier Perez de Cuellar to discuss terms for an
imposed by the late shah in an agreement called
WAR GUILT
Resolution 598 envisions establishment of an "impartial
the negotiations succeed."
exchange of war prisoners and mutual recogni-
the Algiers accord to extend Iranian sovereignty
body" to investigate the "responsibility for the conflict."
In a brief statement, Aziz alluded to Iraq's per-
tion of borders that would buttress a cease-fire
from the eastern bank of the waterway to the
Iraq invaded Iran Sept. 22, 1980, and Iran expects Iraq
sistent concern that Iran may have agreed to a
center line of the channel.
to be branded as the aggressor. Iraq says it acted after
in effect for the last five days.
cease-fire and peace talks only to buy time to
The official said Iraq made this concession
assassination attempts against its leaders and Iranian
Any Iraqi claim of sovereignty over the entire
improve its military position. Iran has insisted
deep-water channel, which serves as Iraq's only
"because the shah wanted to show a victory" and
calls for the overthrow of the Iraqi leadership.
that the country's spiritual leader, Ayatollah Ru-
Iraq was anxious to settle the Kurdish rebellion
outlet to the sea, would seriously complicate
hollah Khomeini, has personally put his stamp on
chances for an early agreement. In the 1975 Al-
in the north, which was being fueled by the shah
the decision to end the war.
and the U.S. government through the Central
BORDERS
Resolution 598 refers to the withdrawal of all forces "to
giers accord signed when the shah of Iran was still
"I know that you and a lot of circles of inter-
Intelligence Agency.
the internationally recognized borders without delay." Iran
in power, Iraq accepted Iran's claim to fix the
national public opinion are worried about the fu-
holds that the 737-mile common border was delineated
southern border at the middle of the Shatt channel
The official said Iraq wanted to reclaim its full
ture of these negotiations," Aziz said. But he
in a treaty concluded in 1975 during the rule of Shah
in exchange for quelling the Kurdish rebellion
rights over the waterway, which, he said, were
IRAQ IRAN
added, "The future of these negotiations will de-
Reza Pahlavi. The treaty granted Iran its long-sought
lost in the "bad deal" of 1975.
against Iraq in the northern border region.
pend only on the good intentions of the other
claim to the eastern half of the 127-mile Shatt al Arab,
In an attempt to intimidate Iran on this issue,
"When you think of the regime in Tehran, if
Iraq's only access to the open sea.
side."
Iraq last month dispatched a large part of its
we say we will let them use half of the Shatt,
Iraq unilaterally repudiated that treaty in 1980. five
He said Iraq expects the direct negotiations
they will be able to impose their veto' or their
days before its forces crossed into Iran.
armored forces in the south together with what
"to reach a common understanding" of peace and
views on such things as our irrigation programs
On Sept. 23, 1980, Iraq announced three territorial
U.S. intelligence officials described as "bridging
how to implement it, but he expressed concern
equipment" to the banks of the Shatt al Arab
that might affect the flow of the waterway," the
conditions for ending the war: Iranian recognition of Iraqi
about the "concept of acceptance" by Iran.
across from the Iranian port city of Khorramshahr.
official said. "This may lead to lots of friction in
claims to the entire waterway, to water rights on rivers
"Is it a turning point in accepting a peaceful
the future."
flowing from Iran to Iraq and to three Persian Gulf islands
This military move was intended to demon-
relationship with Iraq, as neighbors in the re-
strate Iraqi negotiating strength and national
Since the cease-fire, Iraqi officials have been
seized by Iran in 1971.
gion, or is it a tactical act?" the Iraqi asked.
resolve to control the waterway under any new
angered to see small Iranian boats venture into
Thursday's meeting with Iranian Foreign Min-
peace accord, according to an Iraqi official inter-
the Shatt flying the Iranian flag.
ister Ali Akbar Velayati will be a personal victory
REPARATIONS
viewed in Baghdad before the delegation depart-
In the fierce nationalistic competition that has
In 1985. Iran officially assessed the cost of its war
ed for Geneva.
for Aziz, a Christian whose minority religious
enveloped the dispute, showing the Iranian flag
damage as $350 billion and announced it would seek
status in the Moslem-dominated Iraqi govern-
reparations. An Iranian newspaper earlier this month
Such a negotiating gambit represents a seri-
on the waterway flouts Iraq's decision on Sept.
ment has made him the subject of official taunts
17, 1980, to abrogate the Algiers accord and ban
estimated total losses due to the war at $600 billion. Iraq
ous escalation of Iraqi demands on the eve of the
from Tehran.
has not issued an official assessment of war damages.
peace talks and at a time when Iraq's 1-million-
all ships from the waterway not flying the Iraqi
Velayati was due to arrive just after midnight,
Resolution 598 calls for a "comprehensive, just and
man Army holds an overwhelming military ad-
flag and carrying Iraqi pilots, the official said.
honorable settlement." but makes no direct reference to
but a large part of his delegation arrived today
vantage behind the newly imposed truce lines.
The official acknowledged that in seeking to
reparations.
on an Iran Air flight from Tehran.
Iran is expected to react strongly to such a
reexert dominion over all of the Shatt, Iraq, too,
Responding to a reporter's question about
demand, but Iraqi sources point out that Iraq has
appears bent on creating the appearånce of "vic-
SOURCE. Associated Press
Iranian claims that Iraq has violated the cease-
tory" in the negotiated settlement of the war.
THE WASHINGTON POST
AROUND THE WORLD
Colombia Suspends
bia alone, he said, had sent 126
5 U.S. Extraditions
planeloads.
Sudan appealed for urgent
BOGOTA, Colombia-The
international aid immediately
Colombian state tribunal said
after floods caused by torrential
yesterday it had
rains hit Khartoum on Aug. 4
11 JULY 1988
World
TIME MAG.
tra
an
er
in
SOVIET UNION
th
More Than Talk
ol
in
to
gr
as
Gorbachev's gabfest becomes an electrifying gripe session-and then some
on
he words were inflammatory, but
T
now be on, or work in, central party or So-
Is he talking about me or somebody else?"
wa
the audience took them in stride.
viet organs in the period of restructuring."
Melnikov proceeded to do what would
cu
Referring to the discredited era of
To most people in the auditorium, Mel-
have been unthinkable even a few months
vo
Leonid Brezhnev, who died in
nikov's meaning was clear. But Mikhail
ago, naming names-and prominent ones
m
1982, Vladimir I. Melnikov, an obscure
Gorbachev wanted him to be even more
at that, including Andrei Gromyko, the
ne
official from the Russian republic, de-
explicit. Breaking into the speech, Gorba-
country's 78-year-old President. The smile
w]
clared from the podium at the 19th All-
chev asked, "Maybe you have some con-
faded from Gorbachev's face, but when the
al
Union Communist Party Conference,
crete suggestions?" Then, explaining to
highlights of the session were played on So-
"People who in previous times actively
other delegates, Gorbachev added with a
viet television later in the evening, that re-
ce
conducted the policy of stagnation cannot
smile, "We're sitting here and don't know:
markable exchange was not deleted.
iza
IN MOSCOW'S PALACE OF CONGRESSES, NEARLY 5,000 DELE-
gates gathered to hear more than 70 speeches, including three by
Mikhail Gorbachev. Excerpts from his keynote address:
"I would like to dwell particularly on the political freedoms that en-
able a person to express his opinion on any matter. Comrades, what
we are talking about is a new role of public opinion in the country.
And there is no need to fear the novel, unconventional character of
some opinions, there is no need to overreact and lapse into ex-
tremes at every turn of the debates."
"For much too long, uniformity, monotonous conformity and medioc-
rity were made out to be the hallmarks of progress. We still lack the
custom to engage in debate, to practice free competition."
"Apart from undeniable gains, there still are daily cares largely pre-
venting women from enjoying their rights fully.
"The Soviet people want a clear perspective
full-blooded and un-
conditional democracy. Glasnost in all things, big and small. Respect
for hard work, and talk, and faithful service for the cause and the
good of society. We need no social utopias."
So it went last week at the first, ex-
goal-there was little doubt that he domi-
institutions in ways that could, depending
traordinary party gathering since 1941,
nated the event. The Soviet leader deliv-
on how the changes operate in practice,
an event that proved extraordinary in ev-
ered three addresses, including a 3½-hr.
relax the party's iron grip on day-to-day
ery sense of the word. Day after swelter-
keynote speech and an impassioned fol-
economic and political decision making.
ing day in an early summer heat wave,
low-up talk starkly warning that social-
As startling as that idea might sound,
nearly 5,000 delegates met in the Krem-
ism "will die unless we reform the politi-
however, Gorbachev stressed that he was
lin's vast Palace of Congresses to debate
cal system." He also delivered the
speaking about only some forms of opera-
their country's political future, and specif-
meeting's closing address, declaring that
tional authority, not a transfer of ultimate
ically the fate of Gorbachev's three-year-
the conference had opened the way to "a
power out of the hands of the party-a
old program of perestroika (restructur-
democratic image of socialism."
point he took pains to clarify in his sec-
ing). A combination political convention,
ond, largely extemporaneous speech. "We
town meeting, classroom lecture and
S if that were not enough, Gorba-
do not abandon the role of the ruling par-
gripe session, the gathering turned into an
A
chev repeatedly interrupted oth-
ty in the country," he said. "On the con-
astonishing exercise in Gorbachev's sec-
er delegates as they spoke, usual-
trary, we want to reaffirm it."
ond-favorite buzz word, glasnost (open-
ly to endorse their pro-reform
One of his ideas reaches all the way
ness). More than 70 delegates spoke their
assertions. The General Secretary even
back to the country's revolutionary ori-
minds by week's end, and many others
provided some moments of comic relief.
gins. During the chaotic days that fol-
wanted to do so. But Gorbachev finally
After Politburo Member Alexander Ya-
lowed the overthrow of the Romanov dy-
cut short discussion to hold a series of
kovlev read a note asking delegates to re-
nasty, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin and the
ths
votes on political reforms. He got pretty
frain from delivering self-serving ac-
Bolshevik Party used local councils of
much everything he asked for, including a
counts of local party activities, Gorbachev
workers and soldiers, known as soviets, as
he
new presidential system of government in
leaned back in his chair and deadpanned,
their springboard to power. Lenin's fam-
which he could be not only party chief but
"That has the support of the conference,
ous call for "all power to the soviets" was
he
also the Soviet Union's head of state.
right?"
abandoned, however, almost as soon as its
Whether or not the conference suc-
The meeting's most arresting move
author had managed to establish a one-
ceeded in making Gorbachev's modern-
was a decision, at Gorbachev's urging, to
party state. Gorbachev proposed refur-
ization plans "irreversible"-his stated
reorganize the Soviet Union's governing
bishing the soviets, now largely impotent
World
NIEDENTHAL CHRIS
19
ВСЕСОЮЗНАЯ ПАРТИЙНАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ
A group of delegates heads across Red Square for an early-morning visit to
Lenin's Mausoleum, Moscow's No. 1 tourist attraction. Behind them, stretched
across a history museum, is a banner commemorating the conference
councils that do little more than endorse
Gorbachev's previous calls for multi-
product quality. "We do not need millions
party directives, and making them serve
candidate votes. The plan, he said,
of tons of steel, millions of tons of cement,
as basic units of local government. Said
amounted to a "vote of confidence rather
millions of tons of coal as such," he said.
Gorbachev: "We should assert the full
than a vote with many variants." But
"What we need are tangible end results."
and independent authority of the soviets
Gorbachev insisted that the system's pro-
Gorbachev also discussed what is
in managing the development of the areas
vision for secret balloting would offer a
likely to become one of his most difficult
they run."
genuine choice. If a party candidate were
problems in the near future: the necessity
On the national level, the conference
turned down for office in a soviet, he said,
of raising prices on many consumer prod-
approved the creation of a new supreme
then the local party committee would be
ucts, including meat and bread, which
organ, a 2,250-member Congress of Peo-
forced "to draw the necessary conclu-
currently soak up wasteful state subsidies.
ple's Deputies. It would meet annually to
sions"-presumably, that the person was
Until these artificially inexpensive goods
select a smaller full-time legislature, the
not fit for the party office either.
are subjected to what he delicately called
Supreme Soviet, and also a President, who
"pricing reform," said Gorbachev, "we
would serve as the country's chief execu-
ddressing the principal issues
shall not be able to create normal rela-
tive. Gorbachev did not say whether that
A
that have arisen in his term of of-
tions in the economy and secure a proper-
job should be filled by the current leader
fice, Gorbachev candidly admit-
ly grounded assessment of the costs and
of the Communist Party, namely himself.
ted that "we could have accom-
results of production." The Soviet leader,
But he did specify that local party leaders
plished far more than we have in these
however, was well aware that announce-
should get the top jobs in the soviets, rais-
three years in the main perestroika areas."
ments of sudden and severe price hikes
ing the possibility that he favored a paral-
To resolve the chronic difficulty of food
have proved explosive elsewhere in the
lel arrangement on the national level.
shortages, which he termed "the most
East bloc, notably in Poland. Adjustments
One of the key questions left unan-
painful and the most acute problem in the
in the Soviet cost of living, he promised,
swered was whether this system would
life of our society," Gorbachev called for
will be made only after a "thorough na-
satisfy Gorbachev's insistence on lines of
the introduction of land-leasing agree-
tionwide discussion."
"strict demarcation" between party and
ments that would make agricultural
Gorbachev demonstrated less pa-
government functions. Noting that the
workers feel that they are "true masters
tience with the problem of nationalist un-
proposal called for automatic election of
on the farm." The Soviet leader stepped
rest, which has broken out with violent re-
party leaders as heads of the soviets, Leo-
up his attacks on the country's economic
percussions in the southern republics of
nid Abalkin, director of the Academy of
bureaucracy; he blames its obsession with
Armenia and Azerbaijan. While praising
Science's economics institute, pointed out
sheer output for sabotaging his reform
the "growth of ethnic elf-awareness, the
that this was actually a step away from
program's emphasis on efficiency and
General Secretary cautioned that "any ob
6
World
session with national isolation can only
In fact, last week's conference produced
discussing Soviet foreign policy. The ex-
lead to economic and cultural impoverish-
one important new disclosure along those
ception was the eight-year war in Afghan-
ment." Nationalist "collisions," he said,
very lines. At a press conference, Byelo-
istan, which was criticized as a misguided
must be settled "within the existing state
russian Party Chief Yefrem Sokolov con-
Brezhnev-era adventure by two speakers,
structure of our union," a reference to the
firmed earlier rumors that Politburo
Editor Grigori Baklanov and Economist
roiling secessionist movement in the au-
Member Yakovlev, a strong Gorbachev
Yevgeni Primakov. But Gorbachev was
tonomous region of Nagorno-Karabakh,
supporter, has become chief overseer of
applauded when he defended the perfor-
an area that is geographically part of
party ideology, replacing Yegor K. Liga-
mance of Soviet troops in Afghanistan.
Azerbaijan but ethnically 75% Armenian.
chev, who is thought to be the Soviet lead-
The commander of the Soviet forces
The Soviet leader invited delegates to
er's major rival.
there, Lieut. General Boris Gromov, told
use the conference for a freewheeling ex-
Another frequently voiced concern was
the conference that "we have performed
ercise in "criticism and self-criticism." He
the environment. Rafik Nishanov, the Uz-
our duty with honor."
did not have to ask twice. As speaker after
bekistan party chief, complained bitterly
A leading Soviet actor, Mikhail
speaker assumed the podium for an allot-
about a disastrous drop in the water level of
Ulyanov (who often plays his eponym,
ted 15 minutes of temporary fame, the
the inland Aral Sea, which has been deplet-
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov Lenin), cited a
strictures and inhibitions of decades of So-
ed over the years by efforts to irrigate the
now famous letter, printed earlier this
viet political life seemed to slip away, at
arid republics of Central Asia. The chief of
year in the newspaper Sovietskaya Rossi-
least for the moment. Not that candor has
a new environmental protection commit-
ya, from a Leningrad schoolteacher that
been entirely absent from previous party
tee, Fyodor Morgun, blamed the "ill-con-
criticized glasnost. Ulyanov warned that
gatherings, perhaps most memorably
sidered drive to build gigantic plants" for a
all too many intellectuals "snapped to at-
when Nikita Khrushchev denounced Sta-
Pandora's box of ecological problems, in-
tention and waited for the next orders" as
linism at the 20th Party Congress in 1956.
cluding air and water pollution.
a result of its publication, convinced that
What made last week's display of political
By and large, delegates refrained from
the period of openness was about to end.
emotion so remarkable is that much of it
was shared, via nightly television sum-
maries, with the nation and the world.
Making of the President
Many Soviets found the experience diffi-
cult to believe. Said one Muscovite, an art-
Among the more striking ideas set forth by Mikhail Gorbachev last
ist in her 40s: "I am hearing things on
week was one for a radical restructuring of the Soviet government. As
television that weeks ago I would never
have whispered over the telephone."
envisioned by the General Secretary, the present system would be sup-
Complaints ranged from the mun-
planted by bodies and offices somewhat more Western in style.
dane to the exotic. One crowd pleaser was
Vladimir Kabaidze, 64, general director
THE OLD SYSTEM
WOULD BE REPLACED BY
of a machine-tool plant in the city of Iva-
novo. Earthy and outspoken, Kabaidze
President of the Presidium
took pleasure in skewering the ministerial
President of the Supreme Soviet
bureaucracy that oversees Soviet industri-
Nominally head of state, the
This U.S.-style executive would
al enterprises. Kabaidze offered some fe-
President presides over the
conduct foreign and defense policy
line advice: "If a minister can catch mice,
Supreme Soviet and performs
and be elected by secret ballot of
feed him. If he can't, don't bother." He
largely ceremonial dutles.
the new Congress.
also denounced the bloated cadre of "sci-
entific workers" who are designated to
Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
carry out state-supported research-and-
Its 39 members oversee ministries
development projects but actually per-
Its 17 Vice Presidents would
form little productive labor. "I recently
andissue laws, but like the
assist the President and oversee
heard a horrible statistic," he told the con-
President, the Presidium is
the work of committees of the new
ference. "There are supposed to be
answerable to the party.
Supreme Soviet.
900,000 scientific workers in Moscow.
What is this supposed to be, a gathering
Supreme Soviet
Supreme Soviet
place for wunderkinder?" Baiting bu-
reaucrats is hardly a high-risk enterprise
Technically the highest or gan of
A smaller, two-chamber parliament
in the Gorbachev era, of course, but Ka-
state authority, this
with real legislative duties, it
baidze's gibes drew appreciative chuckles
500-member legislature is
would sit year-round to decide
and applause, even from some of their tar-
actually just a rubber stamp for the
specific matters and be
gets in the audience.
Presidium's decisions.
answerable to the new Congress.
Among ordinary workers, who ac-
cording to official statistics constituted
one-third of the delegates, the most fre-
Congress of the People's Deputies
quent gripe was that perestroika so far has
A 2,250-member forum, it would
provided few benefits in day-to-day life.
meet annually to decide major
Said Veniamin Yarin, a metalworker in
policy issues and elect the
the west Siberian city of Nizhni Tagil:
President and the Supreme Soviet.
"The workers say, 'Where is perestroika
when the supply of goods in shops is as
Local Soviets
Local Soviets
poor as ever, sugar is bought with ration
cards and there is no meat?'
These councils supervise
The councils, which would have
Yarin also called for an end to the So-
departments in their areas but are
enhanced authority to manage
viet tradition of cloaking the individual
bound by local party directives.
economic enterprises in their area,
responsibilities of ruling Politburo mem-
would be presided over by the
bers in secrecy. "We don't know the spe-
party's regional secretaries.
cific matters each Politburo member is
personally responsible for," he declared.
TIME, JULY 11, 1988
29
World
Others, unhappy with glasnost, criticized
Soviet veterans, above, at a
the Soviet press for carrying the campaign
muckraking. Calling those who produce
CHRIS NIEDENTHAL
memorial for the 13,000
too far with its newfound appetite for
soldiers killed during the
Afghanistan war, which became
such fare "princes of extremism," conser-
a conference issue;
vative Novelist Yuri Bondarev declared,
Gorbachev's keynote speech
"Not all newspaper and magazine editors
draws the rapt attention of
have realized that the immorality of the
shoppers in a Moscow TV store
press cannot teach morality."
At one point the proceedings were in-
7
terrupted by a spicy dispute involving the
weekly magazine Ogonyok, which has
emerged as one of the staunchest support-
ers of glasnost-and one of the most daring
probers of its limits. Shortly before the con-
ference convened, the newspaper had al-
leged that several unnamed delegates from
the Central Asian republic of Uzbekistan
were guilty of accepting bribes. When the
conference's credentials chairman said it
R
would take time to subject the charges to
official investigation, there were shouts for
wrong time, [just] before the celebration
eryone involved in the Yeltsin affair had
Ogonyok Editor Vitali Korotich to substan-
of the 70th anniversary of the Revolu-
"learned a lesson."
a
tiate them himself. Korotich gamely came
tion," said Yeltsin, now a high-ranking
In his closing address, Gorbachev pro-
C
to the podium and explained that he could
construction minister. "I took very much
nounced the four-day meeting a success
not name the alleged culprits because their
to heart what happened." Showing that
and hailed glasnost as "one of the heroes of
party membership protected them from
he is as combative as ever, Yeltsin tore
our conference." He also promised to
public prosecution. Then, with a flourish,
into the party's Central Committee for
C
"bring about a qualitatively new condition
he turned and handed Gorbachev what he
publishing the text of its agenda too
in our society and give a human face to so-
said was his evidence.
close to the opening of the 19th All-Union
cialism" exact phrase used 20 years
Perhaps the best-known political ca-
Conference to allow for significant
ago by Czechoslovak Reformer Alexander
sualty of the Gorbachev era, former Mos-
debate.
Dubček. As Gorbachev joined the dele-
di
cow Party Boss Boris Yeltsin, issued a
Yeltsin's tirade did not go unan-
gates in singing verses of the Interna-
typically brash plea for political rehabili-
swered for long. In what amounted to a
tionale, he took off his glasses. A pensive,
tation. Fired last November for his at-
public airing of a long-simmering Krem-
almost weary expression crept across his
tacks on fellow Politburo members who
lin feud, Ligachev urged the conference to
face, the look of a man who has put one
St
showed a lack of enthusiasm for Gorba-
deny Yeltsin rehabilitation because he
more victory behind him but still has many
chev's reforms, Yeltsin portrayed himself
had failed to renounce his "doubtful and
more battles to face. -By William R. Doerner.
an
as the victim of circumstance. "I believe
uncomradely methods." Gorbachev
Reported by Ann Blackman and John Kohan/
p
that my only mistake was that I chose the
sought to put the matter to rest, saying ev-
Moscow
30
TIME, JULY 11, 1988
World
AFGHANISTAN
Careful Exit from
An Endless War
As the Soviets split, the government and
rebels take over the battlefield
kimming over the bone-dry ter-
S
cautions served their purpose: over a peri-
rain of northwestern Afghanistan
broad smiles spread across the faces of
od of two weeks, the withdrawal convoys
at 150 m.p.h., the Soviet pilot of
troopers who had been tense through
suffered no casualties.
the Mi-8 helicopter gunship hugs
much of the journey; a few jumped off their
Days before the column set out, Fazl
the ground, popping over hills and swoop-
vehicles to dance with local Turkmen
Haq Khaleqiar, the governor of Herat
ing through narrow ravines in the hope of
women. For the men in the convoy and an
province, told a group of Western journal-
surprising rebel units in his path. The
additional 10,000 withdrawn during the
ists that he had made peace with most of
strain of contour flying less than 100 ft. off
past two weeks, the war was over. Asked
the rebel groups in his region. But as the
the ground shows on the faces of the in-
what the pullback meant to them, the sol-
column rolled toward the provincial capi-
tent three-man crew as they scan the hos-
diers generally repeated the official line of
tal, it became clear that there was a threat.
tile terrain for an enemy who
having "fulfilled their internationalist
could turn up anywhere: behind
duty," though one lieutenant was
the mud walls of a sprawling vil-
more candid. Said he: "Obviously,
lage, among goatherds whose
it is time to leave. Gorbachev him-
flock scatters at the deafening
self said that Afghanistan was
beat of the rotors, in a rocky defile
something of a mistake."
just over the next rise. The gun-
A mistake? A cause unworthy
ner, edgy, fires a burst from a
of more Soviet blood? Certainly.
nose-mounted gun into an arid
But Moscow is still determined to
hillside. As the chopper passes
stand by its Communist allies in Af-
through a likely ambush site, the
ghanistan-at least until a suitable
pilot releases a string of flares to
alternative emerges. In an inter-
divert heat-seeking Stinger anti-
view with TIME, Nikolai Yegory-
aircraft missiles. The only time
chev, the Soviet Ambassador in Ka-
the men's faces relax is when they
bul, reiterated that Moscow saw the
pass over homeward-bound Sovi-
only solution as a compromise gov-
et troops, who wave to their air-
ernment involving both Commu-
borne protectors.
nists and the mujahedin. Said he:
The Soviet troops who with-
"The problems facing Afghanistan
drew from Afghanistan last week
cannot be solved militarily. A politi-
spent their final hours in the war
cal settlement is essential."
zone rolling along potholed roads
Translated, that means Mos-
through regions still under the
cow will continue to help the Na-
In Kushka, a trooper gets a welcome-home hug
control of the mujahedin. With
jibullah government avoid mili-
half of Moscow's 115,000-man
Said a Soviet lieutenant: "Obviously, it is time to leave."
tary defeat. Earlier this month the
invasion army now gone, complying with
regime's forces lost two provincial
Tanks and artillery dug in every few hun-
the Aug. 15 deadline, the Islamic insur-
capitals in the northeast: Taliqan, a rela-
dred yards covered the approaches to the
gents remain a force to be reckoned with
tively insignificant small city, and Kun-
city. Hostile Afghans greeted the soldiers,
despite the more than eight-year Soviet
duz, a strategic strong point. Though Af-
and a rock thrown by someone in the
campaign to wipe them out.
ghan troops, supported by Soviet air
crowd caromed off a vehicle. When jour-
The Soviets took no chances two
power, subsequently recaptured Kunduz,
nalists tried to walk around the city, armed
weeks ago when a column of 1,500 men in
Moscow apparently regarded the setbacks
teenage Afghan members of the Commu-
300 armored personnel carriers and trucks
nist Party youth organization blocked the
as serious enough to quash earlier sugges-
made its bumpy way 400 miles from Kan-
tions that the 50,000 troops still in Af-
way. Just then an embarrassed Governor
dahar, a ruin of a city in the southwest,
ghanistan might be home by the end of
Fazl Haq appeared to tell the reporters
through Herat, where the Soviets retain a
the year, well ahead of the Feb. 15, 1989,
that they were free to stroll around. When
major base, to the Soviet border. Though
deadline established under the Geneva
the newsmen tried to take him up on his
officers explained that they had agreed to
accords signed by Afghanistan, the Soviet
offer, the Afghans rounded them up at
an informal truce with Ismael Khan, the
Union, Pakistan and the U.S. Said Soviet
gunpoint. Their explanation: rebels
most powerful rebel chieftain in the Herat
Foreign Ministry Spokesman Gennadi
prowling the city might mistake Western
area, they plainly did not place much stock
Gerasimov: "The situation in Afghani-
journalists for Soviets and kill them.
in the understanding. The two-mile-long
stan does not give grounds to accelerate
The next morning the column left He-
column rarely left the cover of Soviet artil-
the withdrawal of Soviet troops."
rat for the remaining 3½/2-hour ride to the
lery set high on ridges or the protection of
frontier. As soon as the vehicles rumbled
According to U.S. intelligence sources,
clattering helicopter gunships. The pre-
in fact, the regime regained Kunduz only
across the Soviet border into Kushka,
after Soviet fighter-bombers based in the
34
TIME, AUGUST 29, 1988
Swooping over hills and through ravines: two
MI-24 helicopters return from a mission
lah's forces] have fought much better than
expected."
Nor are their Soviet allies willing to
see them beaten in a major engagement,
as they nearly were at Kunduz. The city of
about 40,000, straddling a main road to
the Soviet border 37 miles away, fell to
units of Jamiat-i-Islami and Gulbuddin's
Hezb-e-Islami six days after the 10,000-
man Soviet garrison pulled out. The guer-
rillas overran the government defenders
and freed the prisoners at the local jail,
but failed to capture the heavily defended
airport. Within two days government re-
inforcements closed in, and Soviet aircraft
went to work. After three days of fighting,
the mujahedin withdrew; according to
of
Soviet Union blasted and strafed rebel po-
concern: so far, Najibullah's troops have
TASS, twelve Afghan troops and 173 insur-
sitions, reducing portions of the city to rub-
been showing more gumption than expect-
gents died (the latter figure possibly in-
ble. Washington considers the sorties a vi-
ed. Around Jalalabad, a city the Soviets left
cludes civilian casualties). The Kunduz
en
olation of the Geneva accords, as well as a
three months ago, Afghan troops have
affair apparently triggered a shake-up in
an
serious threat to the mujahedin's efforts on
thrown back repeated rebel assaults. So
the Afghan military. TASS reported that
he
the battlefield. If the Soviets fear that their
far, the mujahedin are holding only two
Najibullah had appointed a new Defense
Afghan comrades are not tough enough to
dozen small towns. Concedes a senior aide
Minister and army chief of staff.
fend off the mujahedin, Western analysts
to Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, leader of a rebel
In the wake of Kunduz and other reb-
of
and rebel leaders have quite the opposite
Hezb-e-Islami faction: "They [Najibul-
el setbacks, Western analysts' predictions
ist
A Soviet chopper pilot's nightmare: a mujahedinunit and their antiaircraft gun in the mountains of southern Afghanistan
TONY O'BRIEN-PICTURE GROUP
as
D'-
as
ny
ly.
to
eng
r-
y-
a-
he
V-
u-
an
ti-
a-
li-
ne
al
a-
n-
f-
ir
iz,
en-
of
19,
va
et
et
di
i-
te
ly
he
1988
DIETER LUDWIG-SIPA
st
a
p
do
in
ar
pr
ec
th
The rewards of fulfilling an "internationalist duty": Soviet soldiers feast on cider, melon and bread at festivities outside Kushka
ta
that major Afghan cities would fall quick-
Washington to announce his defection and
TI
ly once the Soviets pulled out look overly
call his brother "mentally deranged."
await a change in the military or political
pl
optimistic. Says a Western diplomat in
Though heavy combat has not touched the
equation that could give them an advan-
Kabul: "The mujahedin are not capable
capital, Kabul, the sights and sounds of war
tage. Most of the remaining 50,000 Soviet
als
of waging large-scale conventional war-
fare. The regime still has superior fire-
intrude almost daily. At the airport planes
troops are garrisoned in Kabul and Shin-
pr
dand, the huge air base in western Af-
power and transport capacity.
follow a narrow corkscrew flight path down
ghanistan, as well as in Herat and a few
The guerrillas learned that lesson the
to the runway rather than risk flying in low
other cities along the main roads to the
over hostile territory. Day in and day out,
CO
hard way at Kandahar last week when in-
the crump of outgoing artillery echoes
Soviet border. As many as 100,000 Af-
surgents of Jamiat-i-Islami broke off at-
ghan troops are deployed in the same ar-
tacks on strategic high ground around
through the city as government forces try to
keep the mujahedin off balance.
eas and at dozens of smaller outposts.
Baba Wali, a heavily fortified point over-
If most of the Soviet forces remain in
looking the city, after coming under air
Moscow and Kabul's answer to the
and artillery barrages from entrenched
emerging rebel strategy of slow strangula-
place until late this year or early 1989, as
tion is to dig in at a few strongholds-Ka-
the Kremlin indicated last week, they will
government forces. An assault by fighters
almost certainly guarantee Najibullah's
of Yunis Khalis' Hezb-e-Islami last
bul, Jalalabad, Herat, Faizabad, Ghazni,
survival through next winter. Moscow
Kandahar and Mazar-i-Sharif-and
month on outposts screening Ja-
continues to supply the regime with a
lalabad was similarly thrown
bountiful flow of weapons and
back at the cost of as many as 50
mujahedin lives. Such large-scale
attacks under heavy fire are
LUDWIG-SIPA
ammunition, and has announced
long-term aid and economic
agreements.
something new for the guerrilla
The Soviets hope to prop up
forces. Says Abdul Qadir, a se-
Najibullah long enough to allow
nior rebel commander with Kha-
a transition to a more broadly
lis: "The mujahedin are not ready
based regime friendly to the Sovi-
to risk high casualties."
et Union. Whatever the stripes of
Instead, the resistance has
the new regime, Moscow aims to
been adopting the Maoist strategy
have it seeded with friends open
of controlling the countryside, iso-
to continued Soviet access to gas
lating towns and cities, and gradu-
fields and copper and oil deposits
ally wearing down government
that it has developed in the north.
morale through rocket barrages.
Says Ambassador Yegorychev:
Earlier this month, a huge muni-
"There is no doubt that we have
tions dump near Kalagay was
our national interests here. Our
blown up, reportedly claiming
main interest is that Afghanistan
hundreds of Soviet lives. Last week
be a good neighbor of the Soviet
Najibullah's enemies scored a pro-
Union." By Edward W. Desmond.
paganda coup when his brother Se-
Sounding the retreat: a band plays for Moscow's departing troops
Reported by T.A. Davis/Peshawar,
diqullah Rahi, 37, turned up in
"Gorbachev said Afghanistan was something of a mistake.'
Ross H. Munro/Kabul and Ken Olsen/
Moscow
36
TIME, AUGUST 29, 1988
TIME,
Jon. 1943
Type
Number
Duration
Char-
Date
of
of
of
acter
Pliot
PASSENGERS
REMARKS
Machine
Machine
Flight
of
Flight
#538 P04
5
Nrs.3
3426
1.0
B
Bush
P
Solo
5
#
1.0
"
"
C
"
'I
8
1
07101
1.2
+
"
C
8
1
,
1.2
"
Crume
Bush
C-2
Dual
10
"
07172
1.2
4
Bush
C
Solo
12
,
05369
1.0
&
"
C
12
"
.
1.3
"
&
e)
4
rav2
21
Nrs.r
3564
1.0
"
Crume
C.3
Dual
27
WrS.3
07237
1.2
@
Bush
d
Solo
MAY-19-'92 TUE 11:43 ID:NAVAUMUSEUM NASP FL TEL NO:9044523296
"
07241
1.2
"
27
C
"
28
NrS.1
3347
1.3
&
"
C
"
EXERPT FROM LAW. BUSH WG
SHOWINZ FUGHTOF STEARMAN (N25)
Total time to data,
10-18015
10-13616
MAY-19-'92 TUE 11:42 ID:NAVAUMUSEWM NASP FL TEL NO:9044523296
#538 P03
TRANSCRIPT OF ACCIDENT
REPORT OF TBF-1 00416
(AIRCRAFT FLOWN BY BUSH
24 August 1944
ON CARAIER GUALIFICATIONS 24 AVG
Pilot: LOVE, David K. ENS.
1943 (ONE YEAR TO THE DAY
AVN, USNR
Organization: CQTU
REPORE THIS ACCIDENT "
Date of pilot rating: 16 MAY 1944
Total Hours: 415.0
AIRCRAF HAS BEEN LOCATED
Previous Accident Record: none
Injuries: none
lov CAKE MICHIGAN AND is
Aircraft: TBF-1 BUNO 00416
BEIMS CONSIDERED POR BACIAGE
BY NATIONA MOSEUM
Remarks: Aircraft and engine lost in Lake Michigan
Analysis: Pilot had just taken a "wave off" and was proceeding on
his upwind leg when the engine failed. The pilot made a forced
landing in the water and was rescued immediately. The plane sank
and has not been recovered. The cause of this accident is
attributed to the failure of the engine. However, it is believed
that the oil leakage referred to in the pilot's statement was not
the cause of the failure and that the pilot, in switching gas
tanks, may have turned the fuel quantity gage instead of the fuel
tank selector valve.
PILOT STATEMENT. I had just taken a wave off from the signal
officer and was proceeding on the upwind leg. When full throttle
was supplied on the wave off', I noticed a slight engine
roughness which cleared as I throttled back. All instruments
were immediately checked and read as follows: cylinder head
temperature 185, oil pressure 80, oil temperature 87, fuel
pressure 7, gasoline (right tank) over one third full. I made a
turn to the left and the engine immediately quit. I then flipped
the emergency fuel pump on and shifted the fuel selector valve
from right to left tank. The engine caught and turned over for
almost three seconds. I was also moving the throttle at this
time. Fuel pressure was almost 9. I shifted from left to center
main tank and began turning into the wind. I leveled out of this
turn and flipped the wheels up and stalled the plane into the
water, tail first. The plane had been throwing oil on previous
hops I had learned before getting into the plane. It was still
throwing oil on this hop because I had the windshield wiped off
after my first landing. This accident, in my opinion, was due to
mechanical failure of an unknown nature. It was not due to
running out of fuel.
Juliane
Gallina
NEWS
ACADEMY
SCIENTIA
United States Naval Academy
Annapolis, MD 21402-5000
(301) 267-2291
#0099
April 25, 1991
NOTE TO ASSIGNMENT EDITORS: Because of final examinations, required summer
training and leave schedules, Midshipman Gallina will not be available for
interviews until she assumes command of the brigade in late August. Requests
for interviews during the fall should be directed to Naval Academy Public
Affairs at the numbers below.
Media Contacts:
Phones (for all contacts):
Carol Feldmann (print)
(301) 267-2291
Lt. Roxie Thomsen, USN (radio and TV)
(301) 261-2261 (D.C. Metro area)
(301) 267-6100 (after hours)
NEW BRIGADE COMMANDER AND DEPUTY CHOSEN AT NAVAL ACADEMY
ANNAPOLIS, Md. -- The top two positions of command in the Naval
Academy's 4,300-member Brigade of Midshipmen will be filled next semester by
Midshipmen Juliane Gallina of Pelham, N.Y., and Daniel Truckenbrod of Sycamore,
Ill.
As brigade commander, Gallina will hold the rank of midshipman captain
and will be responsible for the daily military activities and performance of the
brigade.
Most visible in parades, ceremonies and daily formations, she will also
perform administrative functions and will be the key link in the chain of
command between the midshipmen and top academy officers.
As a freshman and sophomore, Gallina served on the honor committee for
her class and was a coxswain for the women's varsity crew team. During her
junior year, she was the editor of Labyrinth Magazine, a literary magazine, and
the vice president of the Women's Professional Association which provides
education and training about service selection for all midshipmen. She was also
the vice president of the women's lacrosse club for two years in a row.
more
NEW BRIGADE COMMANDER AND DEPUTY CHOSEN AT NAVAL ACADEMY 2222
"Being involved in sports and serving on the honor staff provided some
valuable leadership experience for me, but I also learned a lot in the daily
course of events as I earned more responsibility each year," Gallina said. "I
feel like I'm one in a long line of brigade commanders chosen not because I did
anything special, but because I was doing what I was supposed to do all along."
Before assuming her role as brigade commander in. the fall, Gallina will
have a busy summer. She plans to attend Airborne School at Fort Benning, Ga.
where she will earn her military jump wings. She will return to the academy to
serve as company commander responsible for the military indoctrination of around
65 academy plebes (freshmen). She will also train as a junior officer aboard a
Navy ship.
"All this will be good experience for me when I become brigade
commander," she said. "Last summer I was in charge of 12 plebes, and it was
excellent training for me as I helped them adapt to a military lifestyle. This
summer will be equally good training as I learn to give orders to my peers.
Gallina is an English honors major with minors in French and Spanish.
During the fall semester 1990, she served as an intern at the U.S. Naval
Institute in Annapolis, learning the publishing process, while taking a
courseload of 16 semester hours at the academy. Last semester she also was a
delegate to the Corbin Seminar, a seminar for discussion of women's issues that
rotates annually between the different service academies. Gallina continues to
work on a number of projects for the seminar, which was held at the Naval
Academy last October and will be held at the U.S. Military Academy in West
Point, N.Y. in October 1991.
more
NEW BRIGADE COMMANDER AND DEPUTY CHOSEN AT NAVAL ACADEMY 3333
Gallina came to the academy because she wanted to fly and become an
astronaut, but she was also influenced by the academy's discipline and its honor
concept.
A 1988 graduate of Pelham Memorial High School, Pelham, N.Y., Gallina
is the daughter of Mrs. Marie Gallina of Pelham. She is the first woman to
hold the highest-ranking midshipman position at the Naval Academy.
As deputy brigade commander with the rank of midshipman commander,
Truckenbrod will assist Gallina in handling the administrative details involved
in the daily operation of the brigade.
The deputy runs the brigade staff, handles special projects like the
Combined Federal Campaign, meets with key academy guests and helps find
solutions to brigade problems.
This summer Truckenbrod will be deputy regimental commander, the
midshipman who is second in command of the military indoctrination of
approximately 1,130 plebes.
He has been a member of the academy's Scuba Club and has played
intramural football, basketball and softball.
A systems engineering major, a major that combines electrical and
mechanical engineering with hydraulic systems and controls them by a computer,
Truckenbrod has made the superintendent's list for five semesters. The
more
NEW BRIGADE COMMANDER AND DEPUTY CHOSEN AT NAVAL ACADEMY 4444
superintendent's list recognizes midshipmen with high grades in military,
academic and athletic performance.
After graduation from the academy, Truckenbrod plans to fly A-6 attack
aircraft.
Truckenbrod, son of Dennis Truckenbrod of Fairfield, Calif., and
Kathleen Munter of Sycamore, Ill., is a 1988 graduate of Sycamore High School.
The Naval Academy prepares young men and women to become
professional officers in the Navy and Marine Corps. Midshipmen attend the
academy for four years, graduating with bachelor of science degrees and
commissions as ensigns in the Navy or second lieutenants in the Marine Corps.
USNA
Trident
December 20, 1991
3
Commanding excellence, Gallina seizes the day
By Tami Terella
Association and vice president of the women's
Trident Staff
lacrosse club for two years.
But the accomplishment of which she is most
If you ask Midshipman 1st Class Juliane Gallina
proud is her leadership of the brigade. She
when she knew she wanted to attend the Naval
recognizes its the position that's important, noting
Academy, she'll respond with a gleaming smile.
that there is no difference with a woman in
"I've wanted to come here since I was 13," said
command.
the midshipmen brigade commander. "Of course
"Every day I attend all the meetings and meet
when I was in high school, I thought being a
each crisis with a solution," she said. "It just
midshipman was just about 'it.' I thought it was the
reaffirms my belief that nothing is different. I do
greatest thing I could ever be."
exactly what other brigade commanders have done
She made it to the Naval Academy to become a
in the past. I was chosen for the same reasons they
midshipman. But she did even more; she became the
were chosen."
brigade's first female leader. As brigade commander,
I've always been a very busy person," she added.
the 21-year-old from Pelham, N.Y., commanded
"That part of being brigade commander never
4,300 midshipmen. Over this past semester, the
bothered me. But the pressure is there. It's difficult
brigade followed her lead on the parade field,
knowing that there are 4,289 individuals who are
followed her orders in Bancroft Hall, learned from
going to be affected by every decision I make. That
her example as their commander and joined her in
adds pressure to the job. And it's a much bigger
"Navy spirit" during weeks leading up to Navy's
strain than any outside scrutiny I may receive."
recent victory over Army in Philadelphia.
Gallina added that the authority of the position
Gallina assumed the high-profile job as brigade
sometimes got in the way. Some of her classmates
commander in August. She and Deputy Brigade
saw Brigade Commander Gallina in a different light.
Commander Midshipman 1st Class Daniel
"I personally found it sometimes difficult to 'break
Truckenbrod faced several challenges. Both were
the barrier' with some of my classmates," she said.
new leaders among midshipmen, and both faced
"Some came to think of me on a different level.
Juliane Galina
implementation of significant changes in the way
They considered me unapproachable and wouldn't
things were done in Bancroft Hall.
During the summer the brigade conducted its own
easily communicate with me because of my position.
leadership classes and forums. The summer stripers
People who would have called me 'Juliane' last year,
continued their leadership training through the fall
now call me 'Miss Gallina' - and they're not even
semester, as the rest of the upperclass returned from
plebes! But I guess it's really kind of funny."
"I've always been a very busy
summer break. Changes resulted. Upperclassmen
With the upcoming second semester, Gallina
person. That part of being brigade
were holding themselves up as examples to the plebe
steps down as brigade commander so that
-
class, and the entire brigade took on more
Midshipman 1st Class Mark Fusco can grab his
commander never bothered me.
responsibility.
chance at leadership. She hopes the brigade will
But the pressure is there. It's
But Gallina insists there is still much work to be
continue to lead itself under their new commander.
difficult knowing that there are
done. "It's all been an evolutionary process," she
"I'd like to leave the brigade with more of a
said. "Some things are easier than others. For
feeling of self-control than they had when I began
4,289 individuals who are going to
example, it's more difficult to discipline an
the job," she said. "I want them to feel proud of
individual midshipman than it is to discipline an
themselves just because they are midshipmen, in the
be affected by every decision I
entire class. When you see a classmate or even a
Navy and part of the country's armed forces."
make. That adds pressure to the
friend doing something wrong, you have to correct
Some may now be more comfortable in calling
job. And it's a much bigger strain
that person. That's where it became difficult for
her Juliane. But just as any other first classman, she
me."
will continue to set an example. She will continue to
than any outside scrutiny I may
But Gallina doesn't do the whole job herself. She
lead her peers, and she will continue her own pursuit
receive."
gives her staff - the regimental leaders - full
for success.
credit for the improvements being made within the
brigade.
"They are an amazing bunch of individuals," she
The first semester of 1991 brought many
said. "Any time I've ever had any qualms about
differences. Gallina and her administrative staff had
doing something or about getting something
new policies to promote. "Positive leadership"
accomplished, all I've had to do is take a good look
became the driving force and the phrase "ship,
at my staff. They were very reassuring to me, and
shipmate and self" was the brigade's newest motto.
they helped make many of my fears go away."
Also new to his academy position during the first
For Gallina the job of brigade commander has
semester, Superintendent Rear Adm. Thomas C.
been an intense learning experience, with quite a
Lynch called for renewed accountability among the
few enjoyable "perks" blended in. Gallina received
brigade. He asked midshipmen to lead each other,
national exposure when she took on the job. As both
rather than expect the academy's administration to
as the academy's first female leader and as the
make all brigade decisions. Though a firm believer
brigade's primary representative, she appeared on
in the new approach to brigade leadership by the
the "Today Show." She was interviewed frequently
first class, Gallina admitted that some of the
by national and local news organizations, and
brigade's old habits and expectations were hard to
Glamour magazine selected her as one of its "Top
change.
10 College Women of 1991." She has also met a
"I think the biggest change occurred when more
number of celebrities visiting the Naval Academy.
control was given to the first class than ever before,"
Bob Hope was honored here in September, when
she said. "And that was somewhat difficult for us at
the Bob Hope Performing Arts Center was unveiled
first. As leaders we must hold ourselves to higher
at Alumni Hall. Gallina presented him with a Navy
standards. Now it's easy to say that we are going to
bathrobe emblazoned with "Beat Army" on the back.
do more things by ourselves, and it's easy enough to
More recently, Harrison Ford came to the Naval
set a higher standard before your classmates. But
Academy during the recent filming of the movie
much more difficult to hold yourself to it.
"Patriot Games."
"At the same time it hasn't been easy convincing
"It was great meeting Bob Hope," she said. "He
some officers that the upperclass are capable of
kissed me on the cheek at the gala, and my mom
running the brigade," she added. "That's not to say
told me not to wash it off! Meeting people is the fun
that [the administration] did not want us to run
part of my job."
Bancroft Hall. It's just a whole lot easier for someone
During her four years as a midshipman, Gallina
USNA photo by Wayne McCrea
with full leadership experience to come to the job
also served on the Brigade Honor Committee. She
Midshipman 1st Class Juliane Gallina presents Bob
and do it."
was also a coxswain on the women's varsity crew
Hope with a souvenir Navy bathrobe, symbolizing
Despite any initial setbacks, Gallina and her
team and editor of Labyrinth magazine. She
the brigade's deep appreciation for his years of
striper staff accepted the leadership challenge.
served as vice president of the Women's Professional
entertaining the troops.
DISTINGUISHED ATHLETES
Attached are several clips on Class of '92 members who are
exceptional athletes. In addition to the ones in the clips, there
are a few others to mention:
- Luis Nicolao is a three-time All-American in water polo. He
led Navy to the NCAA tournament three straight years and was the
Eastern tournament MVP two straight years.
- Michael Davis is a three-year letterwinner in football and
was chosen for the Associated Press First Team All-East. He won
the Fritzinger Memorial Award which is given to a member of the
graduating class (always a football interior lineman) who has
excelled as a student-athlete and has contributed to the overall
team leadership and spirit.
- Chris Thompson is Navy's #1 tennis singles player this year.
As a freshman, he was named All-East, Colonial Athletic Association
Player of the Year and Region I Rookie of the Year. He posted a
career record of 79-61.
Athletics
#0126
August 1991
Media Contacts:
Phones (for all contacts):
Debbie Carroll (print)
(301) 267-2291
Lt.j.g. Kelly Merrell, USN (radio and TV) (301) 261-2261 (D.C. Metro area)
(301) 267-6100 (after hours)
MIDSHIPMAN SUSIE MINTON: SAILING ALL-AMERICAN AND TRIDENT SCHOLAR
by Debbie Carroll, Public Affairs Office
ANNAPOLIS, Md. -- It is a windy, gray afternoon in Annapolis. The
stretch of the Severn river that flows by the sailing center is packed with
small white sails as the Naval Academy's intercollegiate sailing team practices
for upcoming racing events.
At the helm in one of the dinghies is academy senior, Midshipman 1st
class Susie Minton, 21. She and her crewman, classmate Reid McLaughlin, are
hiked over the side of their small sailboat. They glide rapidly across the
water towards the Naval Station, then turn quickly to come back to the academy's
side of the river. With precision timing, she and McLaughlin slip under the
boom to the other side of the boat. Although it is a cool day, and Minton is
soaked, she doesn't seem to mind. As she races through- the water, her face is a
study in determination and delight -- Minton loves to sail.
Not only does Minton love sailing but she's a champion. A member of
the academy's intercollegiate sailing team, she was named an All American
intercollegiate sailor and the Outstanding Woman Sailor by the Intercollegiate
Yacht Racing Association in June 1991.
"I've been sailing since I was 13 years old," she says. "I started out
in the Newport Harbor Yacht Club junior program, bought a boat the following
summer and started racing right away."
more
MIDSHIPMAN SUSIE MINTON: SAILING ALL-AMERICAN AND TRIDENT SCHOLAR
2-2-2-2
At the academy, Minton practices sailing at least three hours each day
and races every weekend in the fall and spring. Her hectic routine starts
around 6:30 a.m. when she breakfasts with 4,300 other midshipmen. After classes
end at 3:00 p.m., she rushes back to her room to change for sailing practice.
After practice, she eats dinner and studies until she falls into bed at 11 p.m.
She usually (surprise) sails on the weekends.
One of three women skippers on the 50-midshipmen, co-ed intercollegiate
sailing team, Minton sails 420s, a two-person 13-foot sailboat and has three
crews -- one woman for the all-women competitions, and two men for the co-ed
competitions.
Minton first became interested in the Naval Academy when her sailing
friends in high school started applying to the academy.
"At that point,' she says, "I didn't have the grades to get in, so I
put even thinking about it aside." Two years later, the academy's
intercollegiate sailing director, Gary Bodie, contacted Minton and encouraged
her to apply.
The rest is now part of academy sailing history. For the last two
years, Minton has won the A-Division of the women's national sailing competition
and has been named to the All American team.
Minton credits Doug Clark, the Naval Academy's assistant director for
intercollegiate sailing and her coach for her first two years, with being the
most influential person in her sailing success.
"Doug was always there to encourage and support me," Minton explains.
more
MIDSHIPMAN SUSIE MINTON: SAILING ALL-AMERICAN AND TRIDENT SCHOLAR
3-3-3-3
"Susie is amazing," says Clark. "She feels the performance of the boat
which is essential in racing. And I think she has yet to really show us her
actual sailing potential."
Minton's sailing ability is only one of her many attributes. An
oceanography major, Minton was selected to be one of only 13 Trident Scholars
doing independent research at the academy next year. Her Trident project will
investigate the causes of explosive cyclones over the Atlantic Ocean.
After graduation next May, she hopes to go to post-graduate school and
become a Navy oceanographer.
As a midshipmen at the academy, Minton devotes long hours to study,
practice and her many other professional responsibilities. To many college
students, this type of lifestyle would be stifling. But Minton doesn't feel
she's missed out on much.
"There are certain things that I can't do here," she concedes, "but
there are certain things that I have gained by being here, things that I won't
forget, for instance, last summer I spent a week at Quantico Marine base, a week
flying T-34 airplanes and helicopters, and a week on a submarine. How many
people can say that they've done all that?"
Although she is the first member of her family to go into the military
and the first one to be interested in sailing, her parents are very encouraging.
"My family has always been supportive of me -- even when I think I'm
doing terrible, they think I'm doing great," Susie says.
Susie Minton has achieved a lot in a short time: she's 21 and an All
American who's also been recognized for her academic grit and determination.
"Some people have the 'get by' attitude," she says, "but I always
want more."
USNA
USNA photo by Ken Mierzejewski
Midshipman 1st Class Reid McI Laughlin (left) and classmate Susie Minton battle the waves of the
Severn River. Minton, one of this year's 13 Trident scholars, started sailing at the age of 13.
Navy's Minton tops on and off water
By Debbie Carroll
Although it is a cool day and Minton is soaked,
Public-Affairs
she doesn't seem to mind. As she races through
On a windy, gray afternoon in Annapolis,
the water, her face displays her determination
the stretch of the Severn River that flows by
and delight - Minton loves to sail.
the Naval Academy Sailing Center is packed
Minton not only loves sailing, but also wins
with small white sails as Navy's intercollegiate
races. A member of the academy's
sailing team practices for upcoming racing
intercollegiate sailing team, she was named an
events.
All-American intercollegiate sailor and the
At the helm of one of the dinghies is
Outstanding Woman Sailor by the
Midshipman 1st Class Susie Minton. She and
Intercollegiate Yacht Racing Association in
her crewman, classmate Reid McI aughlin, are
June 1991.
hiked over the side of their small sailboat.
"I've been sailing since I was 13 years old,"
They glide rapidly across the water towards the
said Minton. "I started out in the Newport
Naval Station, then turn quickly to come back
Harbor Yacht Club junior program, bought a
to the academy's side of the river. With
boat the following summer and started racing
precision timing, Minton and McI aughlin slip
right away."
under the boom to the other side of the boat.
See Minton, page 8
8
Trident
November 1, 1991
Navy sailing All-American, Trident Scholar 'wants more'
Minton, from page 1
"Susie is amazing," said Clark. "She feels the
performance of the boat, and that is essential in
At the academy, Minton practices sailing at least
racing. I think she has yet to really show us her
three hours each day and races every weekend in the
actual sailing potential."
fall and spring. Her hectic routine starts around
Minton's sailing ability is only one of her many
6:30 a.m. when she has breakfast with 4,300 other
attributes. An oceanography major, Minton was
midshipmen. After classes end at 3 p.m., she rushes
selected to be one of only 13 Trident Scholars doing
back to her room to change for sailing practice.
independent research at the academy this year. Her
After practice, she eats dinner and studies until she
Trident project will investigate the causes of
falls into bed at 11 p.m.
explosive cyclones over the Atlantic Ocean.
One of three women skippers on the
50-midshipmen, coed intercollegiate sailing team,
After graduation and commissioning next May,
Minton sails 420s, a two-person 13-foot sailboat, and
she hopes to go to post graduate school and become
has three crews - one woman for the all-women
a Navy oceanographer.
competitions and two men for the coed
As a midshipmen at the academy, Minton devotes
competitions.
long hours to study, practice and her many other
Minton first became interested in the Naval
professional responsibilities. To many college-
Academy when her sailing friends in high school
students, this type of lifestyle would be stifling. But
Minton doesn't feel she's missed out on much.
started applying to the academy.
"There are certain things that I can't do here,"
"Some people have the 'get by'
she conceded, "but there are certain things that I
have gained by being here, things that I won't forget.
attitude, but I always want more."
For instance, last summer I spent a week at the
-Susie Minton
Quantico Marine base, a week flying T-34 airplanes
and helicopters and a week on a submarine. How
many people can say that they've done all that?"
"At that point," she said, "I didn't have the
She is the first member of her family to pursue a
grades to get in, so I just stopped thinking about it."
military career and the first with a serious interest in
Two years later, the academy's intercollegiate sailing
sailing.
director, Gary Bodie, contacted Minton and
Naval Academy photo
"My family has always been supportive of me -
encouraged her to apply.
Susie Minton and her sailing partner and classmate
even when I think I'm doing terribly, they think I'm
The rest is now part of academy sailing history.
Reid McLaughlin practice maneuvers off the acade-
doing great," said Minton.
For the last two years, Minton has won the
my seawall.
Susie Minton has achieved a lot in a short time:
A-Division of the women's national sailing
coach for her first two years, with being the most
she's 21 and an All- American who's has earned
competition and earned selection to the All-America
influential person in her sailing success.
recognition for her academic grit and determination.
team.
Minton credits Doug Clark, the Naval Academy's
"Doug was always there to encourage and support
"Some people have the 'get by' attitude," she said,
assistant director for intercollegiate sailing and her
me," Minton explained.
"but I always want more."
Sea/Shore time based on readiness
(Pizza Express
280-6200
Courteous
Rotation, from page 2
"HOME OF THE FREE 10"
berthing space for women aboard those ships, a restriction which is gradually
being reduced as more ships undergo physical alterations.
MAY
SAILING
13
Just one of the guys. Not!
S
usie Minton, a senior at the U.S. Naval Acad-
only 10 percent women. Minton also sails in the
emy in Annapolis, is the only female skipper
women's division on 420s and FJs.
to win either division in the 50-year history of the
An oceanography major, Minton was a nominee
coed Dinghy Nationals. Her explanation is simple:
for the prestigious Rolex Yachtswoman of the Year
"Because I'm competitive with men."
award for 1991. She was named 1991 All
She is one of three women skippers in the 50-
American intercollegiate sailor and Outstanding
person intercollegiate team at the Academy, but
Woman Sailor by the
the school's enrollment is
Intercollegiate Yacht Racing
Association. The 21-year-old has
won the A division of the
Women's National sailing compe-
tition for the past two years.
She attributes her success
to dedication to the sport since
she first learned to sail at age
13. "To me, I love sailing and if
there ever were a time I was out
on water and didn't like it, I
wouldn't do it," she said. "I've
loved it from the beginning."
"One thing I've really
learned is I've developed a re
ally good feel for the boat,"
she said. "I know how fast
my boat is going relative to
other boats."
Her advice for women in-
Phil Hollmann photo
terested in competitive sail-
ing is 10 not be intimidated.
She explained that women
tend to drop out from sailing programs at a
higher rate than men because they feel intimidated.
Susic Minton knows tough competition and
"It's a sport where 1 feel men and women can be
is a top competitor at the U.S. Naval Academy.
competitive together," she said.
--Sally Heuer
BRIGADE
Dobbs' attention returns to scoring points
By Dorianne Beckford
Assistant Navy Sports Information Director
For Navy women's basketball captain Angela
Dobbs, Service Selection Night proved to be far
more stressful than stepping to the foul line with a
game on the line.
Dobbs, from Perry Hall High School in
Baltimore, has been anticipating this important day
since she entered the Naval Academy Prep School
nearly five years ago.
Here was the holder of eight school records, third-
on the all-time scoring lists, recorder of the first
triple-double in the history of women's basketball at
the academy, a Division II All-America in 1991,
anxious about what her first assignment in the Navy
would be.
This was not a basketball game - service
selection was out of her control. She worked hard for
four-and-a-half years on the court and in the
classroom and yet there was nothing she could do to
manipulate what or where she would be for the first
three years of her service obligation.
No, she couldn't make a last second shot in the
lane or a three-pointer from the corner. No
combination of points, rebounds or steals mattered
here. For once, the go-to person of the Navy
women's basketball team could not affect the
outcome.
Dobbs first choice was to go to San Diego in the
general unrestricted line capacity. The ball bounced
Photo by Phil Hoffmann
in the right direction, but landed aboard the USS
Angie Dobbs
Cape Cod, a tender.
"I" will be on temporary duty with the women's
"This will be different for me and won't be just
pushing paper," pointed out Dobbs. "We'll actually
basketball program and Coach Debbie Schlegel,"
said Dobbs.
be going out for 25-40 days each quarter and this
will be good-experience for me. As a junior officer,
In Dobbs' eyes, with seven games left and the
you are given a great deal of responsibility right
Patriot League championship one month away,
away. It will be a great learning experience."
there is still a lot of basketball to be played. And with
The location (San Diego) was important to Dobbs
service selection now out of the way, she can
for another reason, as her fiancee', Marine 2nd Lt.
concentrate once more on getting the Mid women
Bill Muir, a 1990 academy graduate, will also be
back on a winning track, as they have lost four of
stationed in San Diego.
their last five games.
Dobbs will report to Surface Warfare School Oct.
30 for five-and-a-half to six months, where she will
For Dobbs, the losses and her temporary loss of
be trained for her position aboard the Cape Cod.
shooting touch have been frustrating.
"I will probably be a division officer with
"We have to turn things around and get a good
anywhere from 15-30 people under me," said Dobbs.
run going to ready ourselves for the tournament in
For Dobbs, the excitement of going on board a
March [at Lehigh University]," said a determined
ship will be heightened by the fact that she has
Dobbs.
never been overseas. She will soon know what the
Navy expression of "Join the Navy and see the
The uncertainty in the game of basketball
world" is all about.
remarkably resembles the uncertainty in the game of
Graduation is May 27. Between then and
life. But one thing is certain here - the Navy
October?
women's basketball team will be losing a leader, but
the United States Navy will be gaining one.
SPORTS
Navy hockey captures ECHA title,
sets course for club nationals
Navy gra
By Midshipman 1/C Vince Vertin
going fo
The Navy hockey team skated its way to a first-
ever Eastern Collegiate Hockey Association
Sports, from page 1
Championship last weekend and this week will make
its second consecutive trip to the National Collegiate
In the national ran)
Club Hockey Championships. This year's
Cummings, 14th, Stor
tournament host is Pennsylvania State University.
Stepanic 17th. Smith
In the ECHA playoffs at Dahlgren Hall last
Army counters with
Saturday, Navy routed Lehigh 8-2 in the semifinal
12th at 134 and has a
and then came back to post an 8-4 victory over West
junior T.J. Wright at ]
Chester Sunday afternoon.
Garcia, who spent a SE
the Naval Academy as
The Mids dominated the action in both games.
21-6-2 at 167.
"We received very consistent play from the whole
team, and we tired our opponents quickly," said
Among the returnir
Navy Coach Jim Barry. "Our superior conditioning
wrestlers are Olympiar
became apparent as the games wore on. The other
medalist at 136.5 pour
teams just weren't able to keep up with our tempo."
Shufford Swift, who W
Blair, who was a bron:
According to Coach Barry, forwards Jeff Fogarty
Lloyd Keaser, who wa
and Vince Vertin, defenseman Steve Godinho and
in 1976.
goalie Rich Doyle all performed well on the ice last
weekend.
Numerous All-Ame
including Bill Carmic)
"We are definitely playing our best hockey of the
(1950), Mike Harman
year," said team captain Tim Fetsch. "We are
Pete Vanderfloske (19
coming off four big wins and it couldn't happen at a
Kihlstadius (1979), Ma
better time. We are definitely focusing our attention
Schleicher (1989 and
toward the nationals."
(1990).
"If we play with the same intensity and
The oldest alumna
enthusiasm as we have in the past couple of games,
Class of 1935. Also COI
we will end up with a national championship,"
Mies, an EIWA champ
added defenseman Godinho.
USNA Photo by Wayne McCrea
who was recently selec
The Mids will skate against top-ranked Michigan-
Team captain, Midshipman 1/C Tim Fetsch
Admiral (lower half).
Dearborn Wednesday at 10 a.m. and then face host
The wrestling alum
Penn State Thursday at 7:30 p.m. Navy will skate
an underdog, Coach Barry said he wouldn't have it
in the Captain J.O. (B
Friday against Ohio University at 1 p.m. The
any other way. "This is exactly the way we want it,"
Alumni Hall and will
championship game is set for Saturday.
he said. "We will be looking to knock off the top
between the Mids and
Although Navy entered this year's tournament as
teams and then carry home the trophy."
Director of Athletics
for Navy
Kerley hurdles academy obstacles
In pistol, Navy, nov
complete a perfect sea:
By Scott Strasemeier
was to Army by a 10,4
by Army, Virginia and Notre Dame.
Navy Sports Information Intern
Cadets (15-0 and winn
Kerley has found the academic side of the
two of the last three m
Junior Lucas Kerley is a true track and field
academy to be very challenging. "It's tough," said a
took six straight from
athlete. He competes in both running and field
smiling Kerley. "I'm majoring in electrical
overall series 30-21.
events. Kerley, a native of Watertown, N.Y., runs the
engineering which I feel is the toughest major here.
hurdles and long jumps for the undefeated
It's tough balancing athletics and books, but the
Navy defeated Arm
coaches are really flexible about it. If I need some
7,578-7,574, the only 1
Midshipmen. It's a task that's not easily
accomplished.
time off to study I get it. I really appreciate that."
The Mids will put a 16
Two inspirational people for Kerley are the great
line against the 18-0 C
"It can be difficult at times," said Kerley. "A lot
of times they are going on at the same time. Last
Carl Lewis and his uncle, Ralph Kerley. "I really
series 34-19. Navy coa
year at Army I had to make my jump in the long
admire Carl Lewis. He's great in both the long jump
against Army.
jump and then run right over and get in the blocks
and the sprints. He's just a tremendous athlete. I
With the Mid win it
would really like to see him pick up a couple of
Army earlier this mont
for the hurdles. That is tough to do." Kerley,
golds this year in the Olympics."
8-4-1 lead in the 1991
though, says combining the hurdles and long jump is
his
higgest
inspiration
victorious in the fall in
B2
The Capital
MONDAY
Jan. 13, 1992
Relaxing racquet
Navy's McCartney uses squash to help
balance rigorous Trident Scholar studies
By JOE GROSS
yourself to practice and enjoy your-
Sports Editor
self while you're playing the game
When Andrew McCartney came to
SO you can go back and study.
the Naval Academy from the Cleve-
"I count that as my exercise and
land suburb of Gates Mills, he had
my enjoyment time and then I go
only heard of the game of squash.
back to work."
Today, less than four years after
As a Trident Scholar - only 12
picking up a squash racquet for the
others were selected this year -
first time, McCartney is one of the
McCartney is working on a project
better players on Navy's 14-4 team.
entitled, "Pico-second optical mixing
Chosen as the Mids' most im-
in photorefractive materials."
proved player last season, McCart-
He explained the project as work-
ney's quickness to pick up the game
ing with lasers and a crystal aimed
is discernible by his 7-3 record as
at improving the present day ran-
ANDREW MCCARTNEY
Navy's No. 4 player.
dom access memory capabilities.
But the ability to learn new things
strong tennis background.
"That counts for 10 to 12 credit
quickly isn't unusual for McCartney,
hours of class and I have to write a
a physics major.
paper at the end that will be pub-
bles, McCartney was not recruited
A 3.8 grade point average and his
lished and put in the library here.
as a tennis player and didn't get the
selection as a Trident Scholar distin-
It's a pretty involved paper," Mc-
opportunity to work out with Navy's
guishes him scholastically.
Cartney said. "I only have three
tennis recruits.
"The squash time is my entertain-
other classes.
But squash coach Dave Brown
ment," McCartney said, "my re-
McCartney followed his older
approached the young man about
lease, if you will, to get all the
brother Michael to the Naval Acade-
playing squash.
energy expended so I can sit down
my. But despite reaching the high
"I thought that was a really good
and study. You have to discipline
school state championships in dou-
(See NAVY, Page B5)
NAVY
McCartney's game soared. And his
other schools are getting, but we
tennis background is one reason
sure can be in better shape than the
why.
other guys," McCartney said.
(Continued from Page B2)
"In tennis some players stay back
"Being in good condition has always
opportunity," McCartney said. "I
at the baseline and can be very
been a strength of Navy squash
got to work out with John Sprenger,
effective in that kind of game, but in
teams. We can outlast guys even if
who was an All-America, during
squash you have to be attacking all
we can't hit the great shots that
plebe summer. I didn't know how
the time," McCartney said. "It's
have been practiced for so many
good a player he really was."
more like a serve and volley type of
years.
But playing against a player of
tennis game that lends itself to
"For guys like me who have been
Sprenger's caliber gave McCartney
squash more easily.
learning for the past couple of years,
a good introduction to squash and he
"I don't know that one is any more
the only way to compete against
earned a spot the jayvee team.
challenging than the other because
guys who have been playing for
"I spent that first year working
eight or nine years is. to outlast
they are totally different sports. But
them."
out every day," McCartney said.
squash lends itself to an aggressive,
"After the season a couple of guys
As a coach, Brown likes that kind
quick volleying type of game."
on the team worked with me for a
of confidence in his players.
McCartney pointed out that it's
couple of hours every day through
"Andy had some quality wins last
easy to get another player to go to
the spring and that's when I really
the courts and practice as much as
year against Dartmouth, Cornell and
started to improve."
Trinity and was 17-7 at No. 6,"
possible when they aren't in class,
That devotion resulted in McCart-
Brown said. "We counted on him
studying or drilling.
ney earning a spot on the varsity as
"We don't go out and get the good
this year to provide leadership as
a sophomore. Last year, as a junior,
prep school players some of the
well as for his typical good play."
SPORTS
Rivet hits his mark at the academy
By Scott Strasemeier
Navy Sports Information Intern
When people think of Naval Academy athletics
the first thing that pops into their mind is football,
and deservingly so. The academy has a long tradition
of football excellence, buoyed by two Heisman
Trophy winners, Roger Staubach and Joe Bellino.
But while football may get all the attention, another
sport is quietly making its mark at the academy. The
Navy rifle team has won 23 of its last 24 matches
and is currently 14-1 on the year. One of the main
contributors has been senior Dennis Rivet.
Rivet is a rags-to-riches story both on the range
and in the classroom. He applied three times to the
academy before finally being accepted. While
waiting to get into the academy, Rivet enlisted in the
Air Force and went to college at Embry-Riddle
Aeronautical University in Daytona Beach, Fla.
"I lived three miles from the beach," said Rivet,
"It was a lot of fun while it lasted, but I wanted to go
to Navy. When I got the opportunity to go I didn't
hesitate."
Since enrolling here four years ago, Rivet has
been a model midshipman. He has been a Trident
Scholar (3.46 grade point average in chemistry), a
battalion, commander, an academic All-American
and captain of the rifle team. He is currently
USNA photo
working on an organic chemistry synthesis project in
Dennis Rivet
conjunction with AT&T and Bell Laboratories. All
this from a man who was turned down by the
hunting and my parents don't own a gun either: It
academy twice.
was something that just felt natural."
"I never gave up my goal of going here. I knew I
Since rifle is not much of a spectator sport most
would do well if I got the chance: I'm just glad they
people don't realize that it is physically demanding.
gave me that chance."
Most matches last six hours. "It requires a lot of
His coach, Ray Anti, is impressed by Rivet's work
vascular conditioning," explained Rivet. "You can't
ethic. "He has an outstanding work ethic both in the
be out of breath and expect to hold the gun still."
classroom and on the range. He gives you a steady,
After graduation Rivet hopes to attend medical
solid performance every time out."
school at either Georgetown or Dartmouth, but right
Rivet picked up on the sport of rifle at a summer
now his main concern is a national championship
camp and it was obvious he was a natural. He had
for the Navy rifle team.
never shot a gun before, but came away from that
"We have a shot at winning the national title in
camp with a NHRA expert rating for his outstanding
the air rifle competition. We have already broken the
shooting.
school record twice this year. A national
"I was kind of amazed," said Rivet. "I had never
championship would cap off a good four years for
even handled a gun before. I had never been
Midshipmen receive graduate research fellowships
By Dr. Joseph F. Lomax
school scholarships for continued education.
and behavioral sciences. A $14,000 stipend for a 12-
Fellowship Coordinator
An Anchorage, Alaska, native, Midshipman
month tenure as well as a tuition waiver is awarded.
Cooley has chosen a Master's in Chemistry graduate
The policy of the National Science Foundation is to
Midshipman 1st Class Carlos D. Flores of 26th
program at the Georgia Institute of Technology.
have the application of the fellowship self-selected.
Company is the first Naval Academy recipient of a
National Science Foundation (NSF) Minority
Cooley believes the honorable mention given to him
The Naval Academy's policy follows those
Graduate Research Fellowship. Flores intends to use
by the NSF program helped him gain the Georgia
guidelines as long as the needs of the Navy are
this fellowship at the Massachusetts Institute of
Tech scholarship.
properly considered. For example, midshipmen can
"I had hoped to win the NSF scholarship,"
only use the fellowship for a master's program in a
Technology (MIT) where he is enrolled in the
Cooley admitted, "but I found out last week that I
field that would lead to a naval service subspecialty.
nuclear engineering program. He will continue his
had been accepted into grad school at Georgia Tech.
For more information about the NSF Fellowships,
naval service as a nuclear submariner after
completing his master's degree.
I'm not disappointed though, because the Georgia
call the NSF Fellowship Coordinator, Dr. Lomax, at
Flores, a Fort Worth, Texas, native, will receive
Tech scholarship will allow me to receive a full
267-3305 or stop by Michelson Hall, Room 307.
his bachelor's degree in electrical engineering this
graduate education."
May. Other minority students interested in research
Cooley has selected to become a surface nuclear
will also benefit from his award. With the minority
warfare officer on board USS Enterprise after
Naval Academy holds
fellowship comes a $1,000 Incentive for Excellence
completing his graduate education.
Scholarship prize that will be awarded to one or two
As another NSF honorable mention winner
Holocaust memorial
promising minority midshipmen.
midshipman Needham, of Croton, N.Y., also gained
"I'm very happy to win the fellowship," said
an outside scholarship. Like Flores, Needham will
The Naval Academy's Annual Holocaust
Flores. "I feel very content. I was hoping to go to
enter graduate school at MIT. Through the MIT
Memorial Program will be held Sunday at 7 p.m. in
graduate school after my first class year at the
scholarship, Needham hopes to obtain a master's
the academy's Main Chapel.
academy and this scholarship allows me to do that."
degree in astronautics.
The featured speaker is Benno Gerson, a Naval
Flores has selected Navy submarine duty in the
"Although I plan to go into the nuclear
Academy graduate born in Germany in 1937. At age
fleet. After grad school at MIT, he will go on to
submarine program after graduate school," said
3, he and his 5-year-old sister were sent to Belgium
serve aboard a nuclear-powered submarine.
Needham, "I'm really interested in the space
by their parents. Gerson will tell stories about his
Flores is not alone in his success. Two other
program. It's much different from submarine duty,
experiences - how he was given a new name,
midshipmen, 1st Class John Cooley and Rick
but I really believe nuclear power is an up and
religion and identity in Belgium.
Needham, each received an honorable mention in
coming aspect of the national space program."
Unable to be reunited with his parents who were
the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship
The NSF Graduate Research Fellowship program
killed during the war, he made his way to America
competition.
is available to United States citizens and foreign
to be raised by distant relatives. Gerson attended the
Though the NSF honorable mentions do not
nationals. The fellowship is awarded for study and
academy and graduated in 1961.
provide monetary awards like Flores' fellowship,
research leading to master's or doctoral degrees in
For further information, call Chaplain Albert
both midshipmen have received other graduate
the mathematical, physical, biological, engineering
Slomovitz at 410-267-2881.
Academics
NEWS
ACADEMY
SCIENTIA
United States Naval Academy
Annapolis, MD 21402-5000
(301) 267-2291
#0098
30 April 1991
Media Contacts:
Phones (for all contacts):
Carol Feldmann (print)
(301) 267-2291
Lt. Roxie Thomsen, USN (radio and TV)
(301) 261-2261 (D.C. Metro area)
(301) 267-6100 (after hours)
NAVAL ACADEMY ANNOUNCES 1991-92 MIDSHIPMEN TRIDENT SCHOLARS
ANNAPOLIS, Md. -- The U.S. Naval Academy has selected 13 midshipmen
second class (juniors) to conduct independent research as Trident Scholars for
academic year 1991-92. Under the guidance of faculty advisors, the new Trident
Scholars will devote nearly all their academic hours during their final year at
the academy to researching and completing their projects. Academic Dean and
Provost Robert H. Shapiro announced the new appointments at the academy's annual
Trident Scholar conference on April 20.
The Trident Scholar Program began in 1963 to offer midshipmen an
opportunity for independent academic research. From a broad range of academic
disciplines, next year's projects include one that examines the effects of
processing the Navy's new stainless aluminums and another that explores the
causes of explosive cyclones over the Atlantic.
The following Trident Scholars, all midshipmen second class, will begin
their year of independent research in the fall:
Robert L. DeWitt Jr., Scottsdale, Ariz.;
Andrew S. Lomax, York, Pa.;
Charles A. McCartney, Mayfield, Ohio;
more
NAVAL ACADEMY TRIDENT SCHOLARS ANNOUNCED
2-2-2-2
Matthew F. McLaughlin, Scotia, N.Y.;
Susan S. Minton, Newport Beach, Calif.;
John C. Mohs, Webster, S.D.;
James E. Parker III, Richardson, Texas;
Kenneth E. Poorman, Salt Lake City, Utah;
Dennis J. Rivet II, Springfield, Mass.;
Bonnie R. Roberts, Amarillo, Texas;
Frederick G. Schenk, Cedarburg, Wis.;
William T. Shaffer, Helena, Mont.; and
Andrew D. Wolff, Cashmere, Wash.
Earlier this year, midshipmen eligible for the program submitted their
project proposals for review and recommendation by the Trident Scholar
committee. Following a rigorous selection process, the academy's superintendent
picked the scholars based on project quality, evidence of independent thought
and preparation, and excellent oral and written expression. The scholars must
complete their projects by the end of the spring semester of their senior year.
From this group of scholars the committee will judge the completed
reseach projects and will choose the winner of the Office of Naval Intelligence
Harry E. Ward Trident Scholar prize, which will be announced at an awards
ceremony prior to the class's graduation ceremony in 1992.
USNA
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
- Chase Untermiere
- Ind 8H'Lme
- Rodge Stubrach-angle
- Marine On pilol
Stain and
-
John Hissler
May 23 / Administration of George Bush, 1989
produce a memorable shot; grace under
means a great deal. So, thank you all. It's
pressure-and I mean it-and a total belief
time to declare a lid. And any followup
in your work. And more importantly, more
questions can go to Rich Little-and I'm
personally, the very name that I've be-
scared to death. [Laughter] Thank you all.
stowed, "photo dogs"-and you've adopt-
And lights, please.
ed-say a lot about the good-natured rela-
tionship that we enjoy and the good will
Note: The President spoke at 9:20 p.m. in
that's shared on both sides.
the International Ballroom at the Washing-
And I will say this from the bottom of a
ton Hilton Hotel. In his remarks, he re-
grateful heart: Knowing the Bush family as
ferred to Marlin Fitzwater, the President's
you do now, I have always appreciated the
Press Secretary; Larry A. Rubenstein, chair-
thoughtfulness and the consideration and
man of the awards dinner and assistant
the kindness that you have shown to our
picture editor at Reuters; David Valdez, the
family and, indeed, the kindness and con-
President's photographer; Cynthia Johnson
sideration that you have shown in our quest
and Dirck Halstead, photographers for
for privacy from time to time. And that
Time magazine; and entertainer Rich Little.
Statement by Press Secretary Fitzwater on the President's Meeting
With Defense Minister Yitzhak Rabin of Israel
May 24, 1989
The President just completed a produc-
portant contribution to a process that has
tive half-hour meeting with Israeli Defense
the potential to bring about negotiations
Minister Yitzhak Rabin. President Bush
leading to a comprehensive settlement con-
reaffirmed the U.S. commitment to a close
sistent with Israeli security and Palestinian
relationship with our long-term friend and
political rights. The President noted that
strategic partner Israel. Toward this end,
the Israeli elections proposal gives us some-
the President made clear his determination
thing to work with, and we are now looking
to provide Israel with the resources neces-
for a constructive Arab response to it. The
sary for its security.
President also voiced his deep concern over
The two leaders also discussed the situa-
the escalating violence in the occupied ter-
tion in the West Bank and Gaza. The Presi-
ritories and expressed the strong hope that
dent told Defense Minister Rabin that the
recent elections proposal put forward by
all parties would exercise maximum re-
straint.
the Government of Israel constitutes an im-
Remarks at the United States Coast Guard Academy
Commencement Ceremony in New London, Connecticut
May 24, 1989
Thank you all very much. And Mr. Super-
Alex Haley, and all the distinguished, broke,
intendent, my friend, Rick, thank you for
but happy parents sitting over here-
inviting me here. Thank all of the-particu-
[laughter]-this is a special day. I want to
larly those in the white uniforms who are
single out Admiral Cueroni, who will be
fixing to move on-for that warm welcome.
leaving the service that he has served so
To Admiral Yost, the Commandant, and
well. And it was my pleasure as Vice Presi-
Secretary [of Transportation] Skinner, Dr.
dent of the United States to work directly
600
Administration of George Bush, 1989 / May 24
all.
It's
with him when he headed the south Florida
now recognized, even by many within the
followup
effort fighting narcotics. And he showed us
Communist world itself, as a failed system,
I'm
a lot of class then, and he showed the coun-
one that promised economic prosperity but
you
all.
try a lot of class for his many years in serv-
failed to deliver the goods, a system that
ice to the Coast Guard.
built a wall between the people and their
I want to congratulate each member of
political aspirations. But the eclipse of com-
p.m.
in
this year's class on receiving your commis-
munism is only one half of the story of our
Washing-
sion into such a proud service. You mention
time. The other is the ascendancy of the
he
Te-
the Coast Guard, and most people think
democratic idea. Never before has the idea
President's
about lives saved at sea, daring rescue oper-
of freedom so captured the imaginations of
chair-
ations; but those daily acts of heroism are
men and women the world over, and never
assistant
just one part of the vital work that this
before has the hope of freedom beckoned
aldez,
the
Coast Guard performs. Right now, in Prince
so many-trade unionists in Warsaw, the
Johnson
William Sound, the Coast Guard continues
people of Panama, rulers consulting the
for
to work around the clock in a major envi-
ruled in the Soviet Union. And even as we
Little.
ronmental cleanup. And let me at this
speak today, the world is transfixed by the
point, on behalf of a grateful nation, com-
dramatic events in Tiananmen Square. Ev-
mend Admiral Yost. Through his personal
commitment, his involvement, and the
erywhere, those voices are speaking the lan-
leadership that he has shown, he has served
guage of democracy and freedom. And we
eeting
hear them, and the world hears them. And
his country in the finest tradition of the
United States Coast Guard. And those of us
America will do all it can to encourage
them.
who care about the environment-and that
is 250 million Americans at a minimum-
So, today I want to speak about our secu-
he's showing us the way. And your serv-
rity strategy for the 1990's, one that ad-
that
has
ice-backing him up in every way. And I
vances American ideals and upholds Ameri-
gotiations
am very proud of what Paul Yost has done.
can aims. Amidst the many challenges we'll
con-
Right now, off the Florida coast, Coast
face, there will be risks. But let me assure
Palestinian
Guard patrols are chasing down drug smug-
you, we'll find more than our share of op-
that
glers, helping to keep the drugs off the
portunities. We and our allies are strong,
us
some-
streets. And that may be all in a day's work
stronger really than at any point in the
looking
for the Coast Guard, but it is absolutely
postwar period, and more capable than
to
it.
The
vital to our national health, our well-being,
ever of supporting the cause of freedom.
over
and our security.
There's an opportunity before us to shape a
upied
ter-
I'm sure on that long first day of Swab
new world.
hope
that
Summer that you never thought 4 years
What is it that we want to see? It is a
re-
could pass so quickly, but they have; and
growing community of democracies anchor-
you've worked hard. Billet Night has come
ing international peace and stability, and a
and gone-{laughter}-and you're ready-
dynamic free-market system generating
Semper Paratus, in the words of your
prosperity and progress on a global scale.
motto-ready to enter the Coast Guard
The economic foundation of this new era is
service, enter the world. And the truth is,
the proven success of the free market, and
that's what commencement is all about.
nurturing that foundation are the values
The world is yours, and today's ceremony is
rooted in freedom and democracy. Our
really part of the change of command from
country, America, was founded on these
one generation to the next.
values, and they gave us the confidence
Today our world-your world-is chang-
that flows from strength. So, let's be clear
broke,
ing, East and West. And today I want to
about one thing: America looks forward to
here-
speak to you about the world we want to
the challenge of an emerging global
want
to
see and what we can do to bring that new
market. But these values are not ours alone;
will
be
world into clear focus.
they are now shared by our friends and
served
so
We live in a time when we are witnessing
allies around the globe.
Presi-
the end of an idea: the final chapter of the
The economic rise of Europe and the na-
directly
Communist experiment. Communism is
tions of the Pacific Rim is the growing suc-
601
May 24 / Administration of George Bush, 1989
cess of our postwar policy. This time is a
troika-so far, a revolution imposed from
time of tremendous opportunity, and desti-
top down-institutionalized within the
ny is in our own hands. To reach the world
Soviet Union. And we want to see peres-
we want to see, we've got to work, and
troika extended as well. We want to see a
work hard. There's a lot of work ahead of
Soviet Union that restructures its relation-
us. We must resolve international trade
ship toward the rest of the world-a Soviet
problems that threaten to pit friends and
Union that is a force for constructive solu-
allies against one another. We must combat
tions to the world's problems.
misguided notions of economic nationalism
The grand strategy of the West during
that will tell us to close off our economies to
the postwar period has been based on the
foreign competition, just when the global
concept of containment: checking the
marketplace has become a fact of life. We
Soviet Union's expansionist aims, in the
must open the door to the nations of East-
hope that the Soviet system itself would one
ern Europe and other Socialist countries
day be forced to confront its internal con-
that embrace free-market reforms. And fi-
tradictions. The ferment in the Soviet
nally, for developing nations heavily bur-
Union today affirms the wisdom of this
dened with debt, we must provide assist-
strategy. And now we have a precious op-
ance and encourage the market reforms
portunity to move beyond containment.
that will set those nations on a path towards
You're graduating into an exciting world,
growth.
If we succeed, the next decade and the
where the opportunity for world peace,
century beyond will be an era of unparal-
lasting peace, has never been better. Our
leled growth, an era which sees the flourish-
goal, integrating the Soviet Union into the
ing of freedom, peace, and prosperity
community of nations, is every bit as ambi-
tious as containment was at its time. And it
around the world. But this new era cannot
unfold in a climate where conflict and tur-
holds tremendous promise for international
moil exist. And therefore, our goals must
stability.
also include security and stability: security
Coping with a changing Soviet Union will
for ourselves and our allies and our friends,
be a challenge of the highest order. But the
stability in the international arena, and an
security challenges we face today do not
end to regional conflicts.
come from the East alone. The emergence
Such goals are constant, but the strategy
of regional powers is rapidly changing the
we employ to reach them can and must
strategic landscape. In the Middle East, in
change as the world changes.
south Asia, in our own hemisphere, a grow-
Today the need for a dynamic and adapt-
ing number of nations are acquiring ad-
able strategy is imperative. We must be
vanced and highly destructive capabilities-
strong-economically, diplomatically, and,
in some cases, weapons of mass destruction
as you know, militarily-to take advantage
and the means to deliver them. And it is an
of the opportunities open to us in a world of
unfortunate fact that the world faces in-
rapid change. And nowhere will the ulti-
creasing threat from armed insurgencies,
mate consequences of change have more
terrorists, and, as you in the Coast Guard
significance for world security than within
are well aware, narcotics traffickers-and in
the Soviet Union itself.
some regions, an unholy alliance of all
What we're seeing now in the Soviet
three.
Union is indeed dramatic. The process is
Our task is clear: We must curb the pro-
still ongoing, unfinished. But make no mis-
liferation of advanced weaponry. We must
take: Our policy is to seize every-and I
check the aggressive ambitions of renegade
mean every-opportunity to build a better,
regimes, and we must enhance the ability
more stable relationship with the Soviet
of our friends to defend themselves. We
Union, just as it is our policy to defend
have not yet mastered the complex chal-
American interests in light of the enduring
lenge. We and our allies must construct a
reality of Soviet military power. We want to
common strategy for stability in the devel-
see perestroika succeed. And we want to
oping world.
see the policies of glasnost and peres-
How we and our allies deal with these
602
Administration of George Bush, 1989 / May 24
imposed from
diverse challenges depends on how well we
ed, they will help reduce the threat of sur-
d within the
understand the key elements of defense
prise attack. And they confirm what we've
it to see peres-
strategy. And so, let me just mention today
said all along: that Soviet military power far
want to see a
two points in particular: first, the need for
exceeds the levels needed to defend the
res its relation-
an effective deterrent, one that demon-
legitimate security interests of the U.S.S.R.
world-a Soviet
strates to our allies and adversaries alike
And we must keep in mind that these re-
nstructive solu-
American strength, American resolve; and
ductions alone, even if implemented, are
second, the need to maintain an approach
not enough to eliminate the significant nu-
ie West during
to arms reduction that promotes stability at
merical superiority that the Soviet Union
a based on the
the lowest feasible level of armaments.
enjoys right now.
checking the
Deterrence is central to our defense strat-
aims, in the
egy. The key to keeping the peace is con-
Through negotiation, we can now trans-
tself would one
vincing our adversaries that the cost of ag-
form the military landscape of Europe. The
gression against us or our allies is simply
issues are complex, stakes are very high.
ts internal con-
in the Soviet
unacceptable. In today's world, nuclear
But the Soviets are now being forthcoming,
forces are essential to deterrence. Our chal-
and we hope to achieve the reductions that
visdom of this
a precious op-
lenge is to protect those deterrent systems
we seek. Let me emphasize: Our aim is
from attack. And that's why we'll move
nothing less than removing war as an
I containment.
exciting world,
Peacekeeper ICBM's out of fixed and vul-
option in Europe.
world peace,
nerable silos, making them mobile and thus
The U.S.S.R. has said that it is willing to
en better. Our
harder to target. Looking to the longer
abandon its age-old reliance on offensive
term, we will also develop and deploy a
strategy. It's time to begin. This should
Union into the
new highly mobile single-warhead missile,
mean a smaller force, one less reliant on
:ry bit as ambi-
the Midgetman. With only minutes of warn-
tanks and artillery and personnel carriers
its time. And it
or international
ings, these new missiles can relocate out of
that provide the Soviets' offensive striking
harm's way. Any attack against systems like
power. A restructured Warsaw Pact, one
viet Union will
this will fail. We are also researching-and
that mirrors the defensive posture of
NATO, would make Europe and the world
order. But the
we are committed to deploy when ready-a
today do not
more comprehensive defensive system,
more secure.
known as SDI. Our premise is straightfor-
Peace can also be enhanced by move-
The emergence
ward: Defense against incoming missiles en-
ment towards more openness in military ac-
changing the
dangers no person, endangers no country.
tivities. And 2 weeks ago, I proposed an
Middle East, in
We're also working to reduce the threat
"open skies" initiative to extend the con-
sphere, a grow-
we face, both nuclear and conventional.
cept of openness. That plan for territorial
acquiring ad-
The INF treaty demonstrates that willing-
overflights would increase our mutual secu-
e capabilities-
ness. In addition, in the past decade, NATO
lass destruction
rity against sudden and threatening military
has unilaterally removed 2400 shorter range
activities. In the same spirit, let us extend
'm. And it is an
theater warheads. But theater nuclear
this openness to military expenditures as
world faces in-
forces contribute to stability, no less than
well. I call on the Soviets to do as we have
d insurgencies,
strategic forces, and thus it would be irre-
e Coast Guard
always done. Let's open the ledgers: publish
sponsible to depend solely on strategic nu-
an accurate defense budget. But as we
Tickers-and in
clear forces to deter conflict in Europe. The
move forward we must be realistic. Trans-
alliance of all
conventional balance in Europe is just as
formations of this magnitude will not
important and is linked to the nuclear bal-
happen overnight. If we are to reach our
t curb the pro-
ance. For more than 40 years-and look at
goals, a great deal is required of us, our
onry. We must
your history books to see how pronounced
allies, and of the Soviet Union. But we can
ns of renegade
this accomplishment is-for more than 40
succeed.
nce the ability
years the Warsaw Pact's massive advantage
hemselves. We
I began today by speaking about the tri-
in conventional forces has cast a shadow
complex chal-
umph of a particular, peculiar, very special
over Europe.
American ideal: freedom. And I know there
ust construct a
The unilateral reductions that President
y in the devel-
are those who may think there's something
Gorbachev has promised give us hope that
presumptuous about that claim, those who
we can now redress that imbalance. We
will think it's boastful. But it is not, for one
leal with these
welcome those steps because, if implement-
simple reason: Democracy isn't our cre-
603
May 24 / Administration of George Bush, 1989
ation; it is our inheritance. And we can't
you. Thank you, and God bless the United
take credit for democracy, but we can take
States of America. Thank you all very
that precious gift of freedom, preserve it,
much.
and pass it on, as my generation does to
you, and you, too, will do one day. And
Note: The President spoke at 12:13 p.m. on
perhaps, provided we seize the opportuni-
Nitchman Field at the Academy. He was
ties open to us, we can help others attain
the freedom that we cherish.
introduced by Rear Adm. Richard P. Cuer-
As I said on the Capitol steps the day I
oni, Superintendent of the U.S. Coast Guard
took this office as President of the United
Academy. In his opening remarks, the Presi-
States: "There is but one just use of power,
dent referred to Adm. Paul A. Yost, Jr.,
and it is to serve people." As your Com-
Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard; Secretary
mander in Chief, let me call on this Coast
of Transportation Samuel K. Skinner; and
Guard class to reaffirm with me that Ameri-
author Alex P. Haley, who received an hon-
can power will continue in its service to the
orary doctor of humane letters degree from
enduring ideals of democracy and freedom.
the Academy. Following his remarks, the
Congratulations to each and every one of
President returned to Washington, DC.
Nomination of C. Austin Fitts To Be an Assistant Secretary of
Housing and Urban Development
May 25, 1989
The President today announced his inten-
tor, 1986 to present; senior vice president,
tion to nominate C. Austin Fitts to be an
1984-1986; vice president, 1982-1984; and
Assistant Secretary of Housing and Urban
an associate, 1978-1982.
Development (Federal Housing Commis-
Mr. Fitts graduated from Bennett College
sioner). He would succeed Thomas T.
(A.A., 1970), the University of Pennsylvania
Demery.
(B.A., 1974), and the Wharton School of
Since 1978 Mr. Fitts has served in several
Business (M.B.A., 1978). He was born in
capacities with Dillon, Read & Co., Inc., in
1950 in Philadelphia, PA, and resides in
New York City, including managing direc-
New York City.
Appointment of Barbara Hackman Franklin as a Member of the
Advisory Committee for Trade Policy and Negotiations
May 25, 1989
The President today announced his inten-
the Wharton School of Business of the Uni-
tion to appoint Barbara Hackman Franklin
versity of Pennsylvania; and for 8 years she
to be a member of the Advisory Committee
served as director of the Wharton govern-
for Trade Policy and Negotiations for a
ment and business program. Ms. Franklin
term of 2 years. She would succeed Law-
has served two terms on the Advisory Com-
rence A. Bossidy.
mittee for Trade Negotiations, 1982-1986,
Ms. Franklin is currently president and
and has chaired its Task Force on Tax
chief executive officer of Franklin Associ-
Reform. In addition, Ms. Franklin serves in
ates, a Washington-based management con-
various capacities, including member of the
sulting firm, which she founded in 1984.
Services Policy Advisory- Committee; advis-
Since 1979, she has been senior fellow of
er to the Comptroller General of the
604
PUBLIC PAPERS OF THE PRESIDENTS
OF THE
UNITED STATES
George Bush
PLURIBUS
UNUM
1989
(IN TWO BOOKS)
BOOK I-JANUARY 20 TO JUNE 30, 1989
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1990
Services of Mead Data Central, Inc.
PAGE
2
3RD STORY of Level 1 printed in FULL format.
Copyright 1988 Federal Information Systems Corporation;
Federal News Service
August 25, 1988, THURSDAY
SECTION: OFFICIAL KREMLIN INT'L NEWS BROADCAST - NEWS/CURRENT EVENTS
LENGTH: 533 words
HEADLINE: Vremya August 25, 1988
KEYWORD: August 25, 1988
BODY:
Soviet and Afghan cosmonauts approved the 'Soyuz TM6' spaceship for flight at
the Baikonur cosmodrome today. The crews were selected a long time ago. But
there is a great distance between crew selection and its final approval as the
main one. Here, for example, Afghan pilot, Colonel Mohammad Dauran Gulyam
Massoud. From the very beginning of the preparation in Star City he strived to
be in the primary crew. But a month and a half ago he had an operation for
acute appendicitis, and physicians saw him fit only as a back-up 50 far. Today,
after the inspection of the spaceship, Anatoly Berezovoy said: 'A good machine.
It's only a pity that it is not ours. And this crew, the primary one, does not
have a 100 percent guarantee of flight either. For the decision is made by the
State Commission. But today each of the six has entered the spaceship as if he
was the one to fly in it. Look, Valery Polyakov, as if preparing for a surgery,
is washing his hands for a long time, in habitual motions. The spaceship is
already sterile. Abdul Akhad Mohmand even said good-bye to everyone, as they do
before the launch. It is well known that equipment without people is dead. And
to make it alive, to make the spaceship obedient, Vladimir Lyakhov, it seems,
has already learned every screw by heart. One can learn all right, but it's a
pity that one can't perform a training flight in a spaceship. As with
physicians, many operations cannot be brought back, redone, that's why they are
called 'irreversible'. Where, then, does one get this confidence that every
block, wire and screw is in the right place? Why are all spaceships different,
each one has its own character for cosmonauts? V. A. Lyakhov, crew captain:
"The machine is good because it was prepared whole-heartedly. I approved a lot
of machines, I was a back-up 9 times, and flew twice, and I like this machine
best of all, exactly because it is prepared
All
of
them
are
prepared
whole-heartedly, but this one is prepared somehow in a special way. I simply
don't know, well, I don't know why it is so, but I like it very much." V.
Slipchenko, correspondent: "Good luck both to you and the machine." " Lyakhov:
"Thank you." V. V. Polyakov, physician-researcher: "Well, what shall I say? I
have lost weight and it simply became very comfortable for me to lay in my
couch." Slipchenko: "On the whole, it is not like an airplane at all, right?"
Abdul Akhad Mohmand, astronaut-researcher, Afghanistan: "Of course. There is
a big difference. I would not only not compare the machine to an airplane, but
I would not compare it to a simulator, on which we were training there either.
There are all the conveniences here, but there it was simply very difficult to
work. Thanks for the work." Heart or no heart, but this stack of papers,
documents, protocols had still to be signed by cosmonauts today. They state
that there are no remarks, that all the requirements of the crew have been
completely met, and the personal things will be packed only after that.
Lyakhov: "No remarks." Voice: "Well, we also thank you for your work, and are
waiting for you at the launch." Lyakhov: "Thank you. Till the launch."
LEXIS
NEXIS®
Services of Mead Data Central, Inc.
PAGE
3
4TH STORY of Level 1 printed in FULL format.
The Associated Press
The materials in the AP file were compiled by The Associated Press. These
materials may not be republished without the express written consent of The
Associated Press.
August 25, 1988, Thursday, AM cycle
SECTION: International News
LENGTH: 623 words
HEADLINE: U.S.-Soviet Friendship Exchanges on Increase
BYLINE: By BITTE LARSSON, Associated Press Writer
DATELINE: STOCKHOLM, Sweden
KEYWORD: U.S.-Soviet Youth
BODY:
Young Americans and Soviets are getting together more and more these days
-
at high school proms and conferences and in organizations that range from
orchestras to peace groups.
It's "citizen diplomacy," says Valentin Seveus, a Swede who runs a three-way
exchange program for teen-agers from the United States, the Soviet Union and
neutral Sweden.
"In the United States there is a wish to show that the Russians are ordinary
people like you and me," he said. "It is an extremely important thing."
The Soviets, under Mikhael S. Gorbachey's glasnost (openness) policy, want to
open their country to the outside world, and their programs often are organized
under the banner of peace, said Seveus, who operates out of Stockholm.
Swedes, who cultivate their non-aligned position to pursue issues like peace
and disarmament, actively promote such projects.
"It's always easy to reach people when you work with peace," Seveus said.
U.S.-Soviet exchange programs were cut off by the United States when
relations soured after the 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The contacts
were renewed under a cultural agreement signed by President Reagan and Gorbachev
at the 1985 U.S.-Soviet summit meeting in Geneva.
Liza Malott of Reagan's U.S.-Soviet Exchange Initiative said about 100,000
Americans are now going to the Soviet Union annually, mostly on private tours,
in contrast to 10,000 Soviets who visited the United States last year.
The proportion is even more lopsided when it comes to youth, but the number
of youngsters is climbing on both sides, Ms. Malott said.
Seveus, 46, founded Cooperation for Peace in 1983 to promote student
get-togethers through summer camps or conferences, working through parallel
LEXIS'NEXIS'LEXIS'NEXIS
Services of Mead Data Central, Inc.
PAGE
4
The Associated Press, August 25, 1988
Soviet and U.S. organizations. Teen-agers from Poland, India and other countries
also have taken part.
Seveus' latest program, Peace Quest, brought 50 teen-agers together for six
weeks visiting each others' U.S., Soviet and Swedish hometowns.
On a stopover in Sweden, the Americans said their visit to the Soviet Union
had changed some of their preconceptions. They visited private Soviet homes,
looked in on the Supreme Soviet of the Republic of Ukraine and met with
representatives of the Russian Orthodox Church and youth groups.
"They took us very seriously and we freely discussed everything ... with
straight answers," said a group leader, Elisabeth Bentley, a nurse from Barre,
Mass.
"Peace work at this stage in the U.S. is so new," she added. "We would like
them to go back (home) and get involved, make speeches, form clubs ... you know,
throw a stone in the water with all the ripples."
"It's been fantastic," said one traveling youth, Andy De Braber, 17, of Grand
Rapids, Mich. "In a few weeks so much has happened, it's almost hard to absorb."
Ina Dubovik, 17, an English major from Minsk, U.S.S.R., said she joined the
tour as a way to "fight for peace." As the leader of her school's International
Club, she said she was looking forward to reporting back on her experiences.
Ms. Dubovik said the members of her group were leaders in Soviet youth groups
or international clubs.
Another American group leader, Susanne Sklar, 30, of Chicago, called the
Soviet youth the future ambassadors and leaders of their country.
The Soviet press closely covered the group, she said, and members were on
Soviet television and radio several times.
One of the breakthroughs in the youth exchanges was the case of Samantha
Smith, an 11-year-old Maine schoolgirl.
In 1983, she won the hearts of millions of Soviets when she visited at the
invitation of the late Yuri V. Andropov, then the Soviet president, whom she had
written about her concerns of superpower tension. She died in a plane crash two
years later.
LEXIS NEXIS'LEXIS NEXIS
Services of Mead Data Central, Inc.
PAGE 5
14TH STORY of Level 1 printed in FULL format.
Copyright (c) 1988 The British Broadcasting Corporation;
Summary of World Broadcasts
August 25, 1988, Thursday
SECTION: Part 3 The Far East; C. SPECIAL SUPPLEMENT; AFGHANISTAN
PAGE: FE/0239/C/1
LENGTH: 159 words
HEADLINE: HOW THE 'CRIMINAL EXTREMISTS'' 'PLUNDERED'' AND BURNT IN KONDUZ
SOURCE: (b) Tass in Russian for abroad 0740 gmt 23 Aug 88
Excerpt from report from Kabul
BODY:
As a result of the armed opposition's recent attack on Konduz, carefully
planned with the aid of foreign advisers, great material damage was done to the
town and its population. The attack was accompanied by mass robberies and
violence. The bandits stole 35 tonnes of fuel from storehouses, 54 tonnes of
foodstuffs and more than 50 tonnes of various types of belongings. All the shops
were looted. All the state establishments and enterprises were destroyed. The
bandits carried off 200 young women by force and organised a kangaroo court for
a group of captive soldiers from the Sarandoy (people's militia), whose hands
were chopped off.
The insurgent grouping is withdrawing and taking its plunder to the
sub-districts of Khanabad and Eshkamesh, 15-20 km to the north-west of Konduz.
Armed groups of the irreconcilable opposition operating along the line of
communication between Pol-e Khomri and Konduz are withdrawing towards the west.
LEXIS'NEXIS'LEXIS NEXIS
Services of Mead Data Central, Inc.
PAGE
6
25TH STORY of Level 1 printed in FULL format.
Copyright (c) 1988 The British Broadcasting Corporation;
Summary of World Broadcasts
August 25, 1988, Thursday
SECTION: Part 3 The Far East; C. SPECIAL SUPPLEMENT; AFGHANISTAN
PAGE: FE/0239/C/1
LENGTH: 399 words
HEADLINE: OFFICIAL UN STATEMENT ON SOVIET TROOP WITHDRAWAL
SOURCE: Kabul home service in Dari 1600 gmt 19 Aug 88
Text of statement by spokesperson of the UN Secretary-General
BODY:
Following the withdrawal of half of the Soviet limited contingents from the
Republic of Afghanistan in accordance with the Geneva accords, a spokesperson
of the UN Secretary-General has been authorised to announce the following
16th August 1988, Kabul and Islamabad.
(1) The UN Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan [UNGOMAP], in
accordance with the duties assigned to it under the Geneva accords, has observed
the process of withdrawal of foreign forces from Afghanistan since 15th May
1988, when the Geneva accords entered into force.
(2) On 14th May 1988, the military representative of the USSR government in
the Republic of Afghanistan informed UNGOMAP that the number of foreign forces
on that date in Afghanistan was more than 100,300 persons.
(3) On 15th May 1988, foreign soldiers were present in 18 main garrisons
located in 17 provinces of Afghanistan out of 31, namely Badakhshan, Baghlan,
Farah, Ghazni, Helmand, Herat, Kabul, Kandahar, Konar, Konduz, Logar, Nangarhar,
Paktia, Parwan, Samangan, Takhar and Zabol.
(4) From 15th May to 7th August 1988, 10 main garrisons previously held by
foreign forces were evacuated and handed over to the Afghan armed forces, namely
Baraki, Dawlatabad, Fayzabad, Gardez, Jalalabad, Kandahar, Lashkargah and Rukha.
(5) After 15th August 1988, the eight main garrisons at which foreign forces
are still present are located in the following provinces Baghlan, Herat, Kabul,
Parwan and Samangan. A number of foreign troops will also remain in the vicinity
of Hayratan in Balkh Province, which will be used as a border crossing point for
the withdrawing forces.
(6) The UNGOMAP teams of military officers have observed the withdrawal of
foreign troops from Bagram, Jalalabad, Kabul, Kandahar, Konduz and Shindand as
well as at the border towns of Hayratan and Torghondi, where they have set up
permanent posts. An UNGOMAP team also visited Gardez city after the evacuation
of the garrison.
LEXIS'NEXIS'LEXIS'NEXIS
Services of Mead Data Central, Inc.
PAGE 7
(c) 1988 The British Broadcasting Corporation, August 25, 1988
(7) The UN Secretary-General and his envoy are fully satisfied that the
withdrawal of foreign forces has proceeded in accordance with Document 4 of the
Geneva accords. In this connection they wish to express their sincere thanks to
the governments of the Republic of Afghanistan and the Soviet Union and to
their military and civilian representatives for their continuous assistance and
all-round co-operation.
LEXIS'NEXIS LEXIS'NEXIS
Services of Mead Data Central, Inc.
PAGE
8
26TH STORY of Level 1 printed in FULL format.
Copyright (c) 1988 The British Broadcasting Corporation;
Summary of World Broadcasts
August 25, 1988, Thursday
SECTION: Part 3 The Far East; C. SPECIAL SUPPLEMENT; AFGHANISTAN
PAGE: FE/0239/C/1
LENGTH: 263 words
HEADLINE: STATEMENT BY UN SECRETARY-GENERAL'S ENVOY ON AFGHAN SOLUTION
SOURCE: Kabul home service in Dari 1600 gmt 19 Aug 88
Text, as broadcast, of 'statement by Diego Cordovez, special envoy of the UN
Secretary-General, on the settlement of the situation relating to
Afghanistan'
BODY:
It is obvious that serious determination exists concerning the implementation
of the objectives and purposes of the Geneva accords. What are regarded as
external elements in the dispute which were the subject of the Geneva accords
are being removed. I therefore once again invite all Afghans to utilise the
practical opportunities for peace created by the Geneva accords. Further
military conflict between Afghans would be senseless and a political solution
would enable the Afghan people to be re-united in their homeland once again. The
killing and suffering must end. Internal divisions can be re-solved by political
means. The history of Afghanistan attests to this.
During my last visit to the region I emphasised that Afghans must rely on
their traditions, as they have always done when faced with a crisis. I outlined
some ideas that could be used for the restoration of peace and enable the
reconstruction of the country. In line with the mandate which I received at
Geneva I saw my role in this context as that of a catalyst.
However, only the Afghan people can decide how to proceed and what specific
political approaches and solutions should be adopted. I remain convinced that
the Afghan political forces will act with a sense of responsibility and also
with a sense of urgency. I am constantly in touch with my colleague and friend
Benon Sevan, alternate representative of the UN Secretary-General, who stands
ready to facilitate communication between those forces at this crucial period. I
myself will spare no effort to assist in these endeavours.
LEXIS'NEXIS'LEXIS NEXIS
To Jeannie
27 May
Date
Time
WHILE kelly YOU WERE OUT
M
Lt. V Murray
of US something 5 other
Phone
804-445-5838
Area Code
Number
Extension
TELEPHONED
PLEASE CALL
CALLED TO SEE YOU
WILL CALL AGAIN
WANTS TO SEE YOU
URGENT
Nortile
RETURNED YOUR CALL
Message re: speech research(?)
Operator gery
AMPAD
EFFICIENCY®
23-021 CARBONLESS
one #
Davil Robert Hopkins
born 1970 @ Naval
Academy on May 2 7th
father- - NaVAL ACGD. Grad.
Rt. Cmdr. Bob Hopkins
1965.
To Jeannie Bunton
Date
Time 4:40
WHILE YOU WERE OUT
M
it. Mum/
of
Phone
804-445-5838
Area Code
Number
Extension
TELEPHONED
PLEASE CALL
CALLED TO SEE YOU
WILL CALL AGAIN
WANTS TO SEE YOU
URGENT
RETURNED YOUR CALL
Message
Bobby
Operator
AMPAD
EFFICIENCY®
23-021 CARBONLESS
fa.
James Robert Hopkins
"Bob" n
Sm David
34th Company- - gr to
Hight school in Pennsicola
m Oct.
- -majn ocean engineering
88 TIME YR IN PICTURES
"SOVIET TROOPS of ARMOUR HEAD HOME AS A BLOODY
92p WAR WINDS DSWN;
"SMALL AFGHANISTAN HAS TRIUMPHED OVER DE WILD
SOVIET BEAR"
MUJAHEDEN RESISTANCE LEADER
IFAQ BEATS IRAN (END TO SYR ware)
"Making this decision was more deadly than
drinking poison."
Ayaturch Khomeini on ordered
end to 8yr war
Armenian demonstrators in yevevan demand
self-ditermnation
"Ths usa crusale a flow that cant be
Atrogged. of good
Musician in yeveran
kurds prison gas;
05/12/92 14:04
301 267 3133
USNA PAO
1
001
U. S.
NAVAL
ACADEMY
EX
TRIDENS
SCIENTIA
From: mike Jul
Public Affairs Office
U.S. Naval Academy
121 Blake Road
Annapolis, Maryland 21402
Phone (410) 267-2291 (Autovon 281-2291)
Telefax Number (410) 267-3133 (Autovon 281-3133)
Page one of 3 pages
Attention:
Ms J.Bonton
/ Some material not in
your pachage
Q this is extra "gouge"
IMAGES
Pictures of 1988
DECEMBER 26, 1988
$2.00
IME
About
Face
WHY ARAFAT said
HITE HOUSE
LIE
AND
the magic words
RESEARCH
HOW THE U.S.
changed course
WHAT NEXT in the
WASHINGTON DC 20503
906020*
NEOB LL8C68
Middle East
DC04RE**
MN IS HILT 725
EXC OFF-PRES EOPW
#EPW17725E92#3 T520503 APR90
205 11910-3
*268C
10060
0
724404
1
Nation
"The U.S. is prepared
for a substantive
dialogue with P.L.O.
representatives."
When Yasser Arafat got the language right, George Shultz honored the U.S. commitment to start a dialogue
ROBERT TRIPPETT-SIPA
TIME/DECEMBER 26, 1988
COVER STORIES
Breakthrough
After 13 years of silence, the U.S. agrees to talk with the P.L.O., angering
Israel and profoundly altering the Middle East's diplomatic landscape
BY JOHANNA McGEARY
ing. Yes, the P.L.O. recognized Israel's
National Council declared an indepen-
right to exist in peace and security. Yes,
dent state; or on Dec. 7 in Stockholm,
A few simple words. Israel. Re-
the P.L.O. accepted United Nations Reso-
when the P.L.O. leader and a group of U.S.
nounce. 242. Such is the flimsy
lutions 242 and 338 as the basis for negoti-
Jews issued a joint "clarifying" statement;
coin of diplomacy. Yasser Ara-
ations to end the Arab-Israeli conflict.
or on Dec. 13, when Arafat delivered an
fat's decision to utter these par-
Yes, the P.L.O. renounced terrorism in all
impassioned appeal for peace negotia-
ticular words has shaken the Middle East
its forms. Period.
tions to a special U.N. General Assembly
puzzle and launched the stalemated par-
For 13 years the U.S. has been waiting
session in Geneva. Each time the cotton
ties on a perilous and by no means certain
to hear these exact words from the lips of
in Arafat's mouth prevented the U.S.
course toward peace. After weeks of waf-
the man the Palestinians have chosen as
from hearing the precise syntax it wanted.
fling, the chairman of the Palestine Liber-
their leader and others have regarded as a
But on Dec. 14, in a frantically arranged
ation Organization last week finally end-
murderous terrorist. Historians will argue
press conference to delineate the P.L.O.
ed a crazily contorted semantic dance
whether Arafat actually said them on
position one more time, Arafat finally got
with what passed, for him, as plain speak-
Nov: 15 in Algiers, when the Palestine
the linguistic formula right.
18
"I repeat for the
record that we
totally and
absolutely renounce
all forms of
terrorism."
After essaying the required formulations for the fourth time, the P.L.O. chairman said, "Enough is enough"
ALAIN MORVAN-GAMMA/LIAISON
"As a result," declared Secretary of
portunity to make real progress in the
State George Shultz four hours later, "the
mind," said Shultz. "They made their
Middle East without taking the heat for a
U.S. is prepared for a substantive dialogue
statement clear." Or was it an about-face
fiercely controversial decision.
with P.L.O. representatives." With that,
by the Reagan Administration cleverly
Was the startling announcement a
the Reagan Administration opened a
engineered by the P.L.O. peace campaign,
cave-in by Arafat to the U.S., as many
door securely locked in 1975 when Henry
as the West Europeans, Arabs and Soviets
Americans believe? "I didn't change my
Kissinger promised Israel that the U.S.
saw it? It mattered little who claimed vic-
would not deal with the P.L.O. unless the
organization met Washington's precondi-
tions. In the end, the words Arafat finally
The Magic Words
uttered were less significant than the in-
tent Washington glimpsed of a P.L.O. ap-
By shifting a clause here, a word there, Arafat inched the
parently ready to swap its strategy of in-
P.L.O. toward dialogue with the U.S.
transigence for the bargaining table.
The Administration's bold response
The Palestine National Council affirms:
The P.L.O. will seek a comprehensive
was all the more remarkable for coming
the necessity of holding an effective
settlement among the parties concerned in
at a time when Mikhail Gorbachev had
international conference concerning the
the Arab-Israeli conflict, including the state
made U.S. diplomacy appear calcified
Middle East issue
on the basis of
of Palestine, Israel and other neighbors [to
and reactive. American willingness to
United Nations Security Council
guarantee/respect. for the right to exist in
talk with the P.L.O. profoundly alters the
Resolutions 242 and 338.
peace and security for all.
political landscape of the Middle East in
-Algiers declaration, Nov. 15
-Arafat, U.N. speech, Dec. 13
ways not yet clearly outlined but fresh
with the potential for progress. The an-
The P.N.C. [Palestine National Council]
In my speech yesterday, it was clear that we
nouncement sent a wave of approval
accepted two states, a Palestinian state and
mean
the right of all parties concerned
through the West European and Arab
a Jewish state, Israel.
in the Middle East conflict to exist in peace
communities, which have long urged the
-Arafat, Stockholm, Dec. 7
and security, and, as I have mentioned,
U.S. to end its increasingly futile code of
including the state of Palestine, Israel and
silence. The move shocked Israel, which
other neighbors.
now stands alone in rejecting all contact
with the P.L.O. With only a few weeks left
-Arafat, Geneva, Dec. 14
in office, Ronald Reagan gave George
Bush a huge Christmas present: the op-
TIME, DECEMBER 26, 1988
19
Nation
tory when both sides had in effect con-
P.L.O. that it must convince Israel, and not
To the Israeli public, the U.S. decision
verged on the same piece of reality: they
the U.S., of its readiness to engage in seri-
came as the loss of an anchor, the anchor
need to talk with each other to advance
ous negotiations. Nor will the U.S. cease
that guaranteed the rightness of their atti-
their separate interests.
its unflinching support for the Jewish
tudes toward the P.L.O. Only a whisper
The U.S. lost no time following up on
state or let the P.L.O. divide the two allies.
from the left judged the news positive.
its commitment. The next day U.S. Am-
But Washington sees its official face-to-
"There is nothing to fear from talking. We
bassador to Tunisia Robert Pelletreau,
face talks with the P.L.O. as a chance to
are strong enough to talk," said Haim Ra-
the "only authorized channel" for the dis-
probe and define an acceptable Palestin-
mon, a leftist Labor Party Knesset mem-
course, telephoned P.L.O. headquarters in
ian role in direct negotiations with Israel.
ber. The pervasive Israeli distrust of Ara-
Tunis to arrange a meeting Friday at a
Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Sha-
fat has yet to be replaced by even the hint
state guesthouse in nearby Carthage. Pel-
mir denounced Arafat's U.N. address as a
of a grass-roots movement to change Isra-
letreau and a four-member P.L.O. delega-
"monumental act of deception" and
el's policy toward the P.L.O. Certainly no
tion met for 90 minutes; afterward both
called the U.S. decision a dangerous
major politician was ready to consider
parties called their first official talks
"blunder" that "will not help us, not help
any change in attitude. Few in Israel ex-
"practical."
the United States and not help the peace
pressed relief, much less victory, over
As far as the U.S. is concerned, the
process." Even Shimon Peres, the Foreign
Arafat's much belated acknowledgment
first topic in an extended dialogue will be
Minister who has struggled to devise a
that Israel had a right to exist.
terrorism. The U.S. wants to serve notice
working peace plan of his own, consid-
In the West Bank, however, jubilant
on Arafat that it remains highly skeptical
ered the U.S. naive. "While other coun-
Palestinians toasted one another with ma-
brouk, the Arabic word for "congratula-
tions." To the foot soldiers in the intifa-
deh, the yearlong rebellion in the
occupied territories that has won world-
wide sympathy for Palestinian national
aspirations, this was the first tangible vic-
tory. "If we succeeded in forcing America
to sit with the P.L.O., we will force Israel to
recognize the P.L.O.," crowed a 17-year-
old Palestinian activist from Jerusalem.
o the Arab states long pledged
to the P.L.O., the U.S. move
vindicated a trend they have
encouraged in recent years:
greater moderation and real-
ism on the part of Palestinian nationalists.
Even George Habash and Nayef Hawat-
meh, leaders of two notoriously radical
pro-Syrian factions within the P.L.O.,
hailed the American decision as a tri-
umph for the intifadeh. But the renegade
group of Abu Musa issued a veiled threat.
"We fully reject the Arafat concessions
and will prove our stand practically, in a
On Friday the U.S. and the P.L.O. take the measure of each other in Tunis
way that neither Israel nor the United
States would expect, "said a spokesman in
Both sides agreed that their first official meeting was "practical."
Damascus.
of his renunciation of the tactics that have
tries are expressing their views out of sin-
It is precisely that ability to wreck the
subjected Israelis and others to decades of
cere hope, we express our views out of
dialogue with one well-placed Molotov
hijacking, bombing and murder. Wash-
bitter experience," he said. Israel has
cocktail that makes this tentative and
ington will hold Arafat personally respon-
cause for its unyielding refusal to trust the
guarded rapprochement so fragile. Anti-
sible for controlling his organization, and
P.L.O.: 24 years of terrorist violence.
Arafat radicals in the occupied territories
if he fails the U.S. will not hesitate, as
Israel's reaction has been confused by
are reportedly planning to launch attacks
President Reagan said, "to break off com-
its domestic politics. Since the election
against Israeli targets to show that Ara-
munications." The U.S. also expects Ara-
Nov. 1, neither the Labor Party nor the
fat's renunciation of terrorism does not
fat to condemn and dissociate himself
Likud bloc has been able to muster a gov-
apply to them. It may be cynical but it is
from violent acts by renegades and to help
erning majority. Now, however, there is a
not unthinkable to fear extremist Israelis
bring any terrorists to heel.
greater chance that the two main groups
might seek a similar escalation of violence
Beyond that, the U.S. wants to ad-
will continue their paralytic unity coali-
to prevent a dialogue that they like no bet-
vance the dialogue toward the essential
tion, if only to give cover to each other in
ter. Another danger for Arafat is the one
business of peace negotiations. "I view
handling this diplomatic bombshell. On
that has kept him on the move for more
this development as one more step toward
one point they are already united: Israel
than two decades: the possibility of assas-
beginning direct negotiations between the
will not alter its refusal to talk with the
sination by those who reject his views.
parties," said Shultz. The U.S. will make it
P.L.O. Both parties are bracing for a
For Arafat, however, the gains made
clear that it does not recognize the P.L.O.'s
bumpy time with Washington. Ever the
last week far outweigh the risks. Wash-
self-declared independent state and will
optimist, Peres suggested that the U.S.
ington in effect recognizes the P.L.O. to be
not adopt any of the Palestinian objectives
will soon wise up to its mistake and back
the sole, legitimate representative of the
in advance of peace talks with Israel. Pel-
out of a bad judgment. The dour Shamir
Palestinian people. The implicit recogni-
letreau will have to impress upon the
offered little but bitterness last week.
tion marks a personal triumph for Arafat,
20
TIME, DECEMBER 26. 1988
who has been down so often but never out.
His organization has been splintered by
factionalism and scourged by armies from
Jordan to Israel but never destroyed. He
has promised his people much but never
delivered. In 1982 he was drummed out of
RICKI ROSEN-PICTURE GROUP
Lebanon, and just a year ago he was all
but ignored at an Arab summit that con-
signed the Palestinian problem to the
dead file. Yet a combination of events and
his uncanny talent for survival have
pushed him back to the top.
Most of all, the unexpected and un-
quenchable uprising in the occupied terri-
tories emboldened Arafat to take a
chance. He risked losing control of the
Palestinian cause altogether unless he
could win the "children of the stones"
some tangible gain for a year of pain. At
the same time, the intifadeh blessed the
Palestinians, and by extension even the
P.L.O., with a legitimacy Arafat had never
been able to earn. Perhaps the past 13
In East Jerusalem, Palestinians demonstrate after their tangible victory
years of diplomatic isolation by the U.S.
was simply the necessary learning period
for the movement.
Arafat's public commitment to cease
terrorism was straightforward: "I repeat
ZAMIR-SCOOP 80
for the record that we totally and abso-
lutely renounce all forms of terrorism."
Arafat also made a significant concession
of substance in his Geneva speech to the
U.N. He rejected absolutism in favor of
"realistic and attainable formulas that
settle the [Arab-Israeli] issue on the basis
of the possible." That is new and welcome
from the P.L.O. Specifically, Arafat said
the Palestinians would settle for two states
in the Holy Land, one Palestinian and one
Israeli, borders undefined. Those who do
not trust him will recall the words of the
1968 Palestinian National Charter, which
calls for the complete destruction of Isra-
N'D INDINITY
el. The P.L.O. has not renounced that cov-
enant, but many Western diplomats were
ЛЛОМП
prepared to accept last week's words as
the operative policy.
The P.L.O. has made life more difficult
for Israeli diplomats by publicly commit-
In downtown Jerusalem, embittered Israelis burn Arafat in effigy
ting itself to a negotiated settlement. For
years Israel was able to argue that it had
Jews and Arabs remain as far from a negotiated peace as ever.
no need to go to the bargaining table be-
Even American Jews were surprising-
cause no partner sat there. Now the Pales-
is not Israel but Arab intransigence."
ly mild in their response to a move many
tinians' designated spokesman, however
Bush's Middle East policy has yet to
of them deeply mistrust. Most of them
unlovely, may be there.
be articulated, but officials around him
trust George Shultz as the best friend Isra-
The U.S. had little to lose in testing
say he will be more flexible than his pre-
el ever had, and that seemed to help them
the P.L.O.'s sincerity. The Jordanian op-
decessor, without diminishing U.S. sup-
see beyond natural fear to the glimmer of
tion, the long-favored attempt by the U.S.
port for Israel. Yet the danger in a dra-
hope these events refract. In a rare diver-
and Peres to make King Hussein the sur-
matic reversal of policy is that it creates
gence from the Israeli government line,
rogate peacemaker for the Palestinians,
expectations that cannot be fulfilled. The
the major umbrella organization of Amer-
withered away last July when the King
gap between what the Palestinians want
ican Jews said it would not fight the Ad-
gave up all responsibility for the occupied
and what the Israelis may give is as wide
ministration's decision. "Knowing this
West Bank. Washington's stubborn hold-
as ever. Perhaps most tragically, the P.L.O.
man," said Morris Abram, chairman of
out in the face of Arafat's peace offensive
may have evolved toward negotiating a
the Conference of Presidents of Major
had bound Uncle Sam in the unaccus-
settlement at a time when Israel is moving
American Jewish Organizations, "I be-
tomed straitjacket of the spoiler. Shultz's
away. Despite what the Palestinians may
lieve he would like to produce peace in the
believe, no recent U.S. President has been
announcement not only ended months of
area without impairing the security of Is-
intense criticism from West European
willing to muscle Israel to the bargaining
rael one bit." But many U.S. Jews doubt
table.
and Arab friends but also restored U.S.
the dialogue will work as planned. They
credibility and influence as an honest bro-
But the U.S.-P.L.O. dialogue has
believe, Abram warned, it will reveal once
ker in the Middle East conflict.
stripped away an excuse Israel has long
and for all that "the obstacle to peace
hidden behind. The policy of not dealing
TIME, DECEMBER 26, 1988
21
Nation
with the P.L.O. has allowed Israel to avoid
are contemplating unilateral action, such
P.L.O. can work a miracle where all past
entering a negotiation certain to result in
as limited autonomy for the territories, as
efforts have failed. And there is still rea-
its losing pieces of Eretz Yisrael. Brand-
a way to deflect the growing pressure to
son to doubt Arafat's Christmas conver-
ing the P.L.O. as terrorist has been the
negotiate a territorial trade.
sion from gunslinger to peacemaker. No
most convenient and effective way of
Vernon Walters, the U.S. Ambassa-
one knows if he can deliver. No one knows
keeping the occupied territories in Israeli
dor to the U.N., spoke for the world last
what the U.S. and, more important, Israel
hands. As long as the U.S. did not talk
week when he said, "We are tired of this
can deliver. But diplomacy, even the hard-
with the P.L.O. either, Israel felt no need to
conflict and tired of their unwillingness to
nosed kind, is an act of faith. "Come, let
address the fundamental trade-off of ter-
make fair compromises." He was talking
us make peace," Yasser Arafat said. Yes,
ritory for peace. Now Israel may find it
about both Israelis and Arabs.
let us.
- With reporting by Dean Fischer/
harder to avoid the issue. In the mean-
There is no guarantee that a "substan-
Geneva, B. William Mader/United Nations and
time, some prominent Israeli politicians
tive dialogue" between the U.S. and the
Bruce van Voorst/Washington
The Case for Skepticism
Given the hostile signals implicit in these facts and
BY MICHAEL KRAMER
words, how should the U.S. proceed? In a decidedly non-
T
alking to Yasser Arafat is not like talking to Mikhail
traditional manner. With adversaries like Gorbachev, it is
Gorbachev. During the past three years, in word
right and proper that negotiations begin without precondi-
and deed, Gorbachev has earned the West's cautious trust.
tions. With the P.L.O., however, it may be best to establish
The INF treaty, the recent announcement of planned
the bottom line in advance. As Kissinger suggests public-
unilateral reductions in Soviet conventional forces, the re-
ly, dealing with the P.L.O. requires a focus on substance,
moval of old-line naysayers suggest, in Margaret Thatch-
because "procedures will not give us a clue to whether
er's words, that Gorbachev is a man with whom "we can
there is a chance" for progress. The question requires an
do business."
advance determination of the ultimate answer: What is Is-
Arafat is another story. He and his confederates have
rael willing to give? What can it live with?
raised double-talk to an art form. Seeming concessions
"We need to give the Palestinians a sense of reality,"
have become traps, hard-line interviews in Arabic have
says David Hartman, a liberal Israeli rabbi who has long
contradicted hopeful statements in English, renunciations
favored talking directly with the P.L.O. "We have to give
of terrorist acts have been undermined by evidence
them a sense of what we can finally accept-parameters,
suggesting Arafat's support for their undertaking. Even
like demilitarization, that are essentially nonnegotiable. It
recently, when the diplo-
won't be all they will
matic grapevine has been
want. But the Palestinians
alive with speculation that
must first prove that they
the P.L.O. would finally
will actually live with us
recognize Israel's right to
on the same land in peace,
exist, Arafat's closest asso-
even with a two-state solu-
ciates have telegraphed a
tion. They must prove
different stance: continued
that they will not use a
adherence to a "phased
West Bank state as a foot-
strategy" whose odious
hold to strike for the rest
goal is Israel's eventual
of Israel."
liquidation.
ILLUSTRATION FOR TIME BY DAVID SUTER
Significantly, some
Originally adopted by the Palestine National Council
prominent Palestinians have agreed. "We need to know
in 1974, the strategy of phases was affirmed after the
the substance first because it goes to the limits of what we
P.N.C. meeting in Algeria. "The P.N.C. decisions," said
can expect from Israel regarding our self-determination,"
Arafat's deputy Abu Iyad on Nov. 28, "are a refinement
said Bashir Barghouti, editor of the East Jerusalem paper
of the
position adopted in the phase program 14 years
al-Taliyah, last summer. "We need to know what we
ago. The [P.N.C.] session was meant to revitalize this pro-
will be able to do on the land that's given to us, no
gram and to create a mechanism in order to get it
matter what the borders of that land are. The negotiat-
moving."
ing mechanisms-how we get from here to there-are
Two other worrisome facts support Israel's skepticism
secondary."
about last week's actions and lend credence to an observa-
Following this script is not only prudent; it can yield
tion Henry Kissinger has made privately: "If you believe
an important public relations benefit for both Washington
that their real intention is to kill you, it isn't unreasonable
and Jerusalem. To most of the world, and to many Israelis
to believe that they would lie to you."
too, Israel appears to have its head in the sand. By declar-
For one thing, the P.L.O. has yet to amend its charter's
ing substantively what exactly they are willing to trade for
infamous Article 19: "The partition of Palestine in 1947
peace, Israel and the U.S. can get themselves off a p.r.
and the establishment of the state of Israel are entirely il-
hook.
legal, regardless of the passage of time." For another, Is-
If the Palestinians reject an offer reasonable people
raelis remain fixated on an important date. In 1964, when
can identify as forthcoming and courageous-as they have
the P.L.O. was founded, the very land most of the world
rejected every attempt at compromise for almost a centu-
now believes the Palestinians would settle for was still in
ry-no one could fault Israel for then saying, "Shalom.
Arab hands.
Come to talk to us again when you've grown up."
22
TIME, DECEMBER 26, 1988
A Dance of Many Veils
Shultz and Arafat reached common ground only after intense prodding
by their allies, Swedish mediators-and a nudge from George Bush
PLO
On successive days last week,
Adviser Colin Powell. "We're agreed that
lomat who dealt with Arafat as the deli-
George Shultz's senior Middle
he did it," the Secretary declared. After 13
cate backstage minuet was played out.
East aides gathered in a small
years of stalemate and more than a month
The P.L.O. leader had the recalcitrant rad-
private room that abuts the Sec-
of intense back-channel negotiations, the
icals in his organization pulling him back
retary's spacious office on the seventh
U.S. would at last talk to the Palestine Lib-
from the edge. Pushing him forward were
floor of the U.S. State Department.
eration Organization.
Egypt and Jordan, as well as the Soviet
On Tuesday executive assistant Charles
Who blinked, Shultz or Arafat? In the
Union, which "landed on Arafat like a
Hill, Under Secretary Michael Armacost,
State Department's view, the stubborn,
ton of bricks," according to a Washington
Assistant Secretary for Middle East Af-
strong-willed Shultz had played hardball
source. Reversing past policy, the Krem-
fairs Richard Murphy and counsellor
diplomacy with Arafat until he got what
lin urged Arafat to seek talks with the
Max Kampelman clustered around a TV
he wanted. Even Shultz's unpopular deci-
U.S. and acknowledge Israel.
set to watch Yasser Arafat's United Na-
sion to deny Arafat a visa to speak at the
What turned Shultz around? "He has
tions speech in Geneva. By the time
U.N. in New York City was portrayed as
a visceral hatred of Arafat," explained a
Shultz walked in near the end of the
a deliberate tactic to push the P.L.O. chair-
senior U.S. diplomat. "But finally reality
speech, the glum group had already pre-
man into uttering the magic words that
gained the upper hand, helped by a
pared a single-page memo. "There was no
had never before passed his lips: that the
weight of pressure that he had probably
dispute; there were no differences," says a
P.L.O. renounced terrorism and "recog-
not experienced before." The Secretary
participant. "Arafat's presentation was
nized Israel's right to exist within secure
also felt gentle but firm nudges from
unacceptable."
borders." Insisted Shultz: "I didn't change
George Bush to move the U.S. beyond its
The same aides gathered again early
my mind
Now we have acceptance of
isolated stance of just saying no to every
the next afternoon, this time to listen to a
our conditions."
overture from the Palestinians.
tape recording of Arafat's press confer-
That tidy explanation smacks of com-
Even so, the final outcome remained
ence, relayed by a U.S. diplomat in Gene-
forting hindsight. The decisive events
uncertain as the two principal players re-
va. Once again the group's verdict on Ara-
were far more complex: both Shultz and
peatedly thought they had an agreement,
fat's performance was unanimous, but this
Arafat finally acted only under tremen-
only to find that the other had failed to
time the judgment was reversed. At 4:01
dous pressure from other nations. "He
deliver what had been expected. In the
p.m. Shultz telephoned National Security
was sweating blood," said a Swedish dip-
end, it was the persistent middleman ef-
SEVEN STEPS TO A BREAKTHROUGH
1
In Algiers on
The P.L.O. leader
Nov. 15, the P.L.O.
flies to Stockholm
declares an inde-
3
to embrace Foreign
pendent Palestinian
Minister Sten Anders-
state. Arafat also wins
son, who is acting as
support for implied rec-
middleman between
ognition of Israel, which
Arafat and the U.S.
could lead to a long-
The Swedes relay pro-
awaited dialogue with
posed wording of
the U.S.
critical points between
Shultz in Washington
and Arafat in Sweden.
The three parties work
THOMAS HARTWELL
out conditions for
2
Shultz is unim-
breaking the deadlock.
pressed by the
P.L.O.'s shift in
position. He denies
Arafat a visa to address
the U.N. in New York
City, calling him an
"accessory" to terror-
ism. In the uproar that
follows, the U.N. votes
154 to 2 to hear Arafat
in Geneva.
SIMON-GAMMA/LIAISON
HOLMSTROM-PRESSENSBI
TIME, DECEMBER 26, 1988
23
Nation
forts by Swedish diplomats that helped
bash and Nayef Hawatmeh, two of the
versary of Bernadotte's assassination ir
close the deal.
P.L.O.'s more radical leaders. Shultz de-
Jerusalem, and many Swedes were en-
Long before the tortuous, on-again,
clared that the P.L.O. wording was not
raged when two former members of the
off-again negotiations of the final weeks,
clear enough on Israel's existence and did
ultra-Zionist Stern Gang went on Israel
the changing situation in the Middle East
not flatly rule out all forms of terrorism.
television and boasted about their part ir
had been pushing the U.S. toward a dia-
the killing. The incident may have helpec
logue with the P.L.O. Shultz had repeated-
S
weden's Foreign Minister Sten An-
intensify Swedish efforts to get the U.S
ly carried his American peace plan
dersson moved quietly to bridge
and the P.L.O. talking.
around the region in his own version of
the Shultz-Arafat breach. He had
Seeking a buffer, Andersson had his
shuttle diplomacy last spring. The center-
visited Israel in March, seen the violence
aides invite three prominent Americar.
piece of the plan was an end to Israeli oc-
there close up, and discussed the situation
Jews to Stockholm. New York attorney
cupation of Gaza and the West Bank, cre-
personally with Shultz on a Washington
Rita Hauser, Los Angeles publisher Stan-
ation of an undefined "homeland" for
visit in April. Shultz did not explicitly say
ley Sheinbaum, and Drora Kass of the
Palestinians, and an international confer-
he wanted the Swedes to act as intermedi-
Center for Peace in the Middle East met
ence at which negotiations to achieve
aries, "but I can read thoughts," Anders-
with Arafat aides on Nov. 21. Out of this
these ends would begin. But each effort
son joked last week.
came a covert P.L.O. statement, which the
ran up against Israeli objections to a con-
Swedish diplomats have a tradition of
visiting Americans and the Swedes con-
ference even before any answer could be
mediating between Arabs and Jews that
sidered a decisive advance beyond what
found to the question of who should speak
goes back to Count Folke Bernadotte and
the P.L.O. had said in Algiers. The new
for the Palestinians.
U.N. Special Representative Gunnar Jar-
language was shown to Shultz by the
The U.S. and Israel had hoped that
ring. Last September was the 40th anni-
Swedish diplomats on Nov. 25.
Jordan's King Hussein would fill
If he was impressed, the Secre-
this role. But last July the King an-
tary did not show it. His concern
nounced that he would no longer as-
about terrorism was so great that on
sume any legal or administrative re-
the very next day he seized the issue
sponsibility for Arabs living in the
to reject Arafat's visa request to ap-
occupied West Bank. Shultz conced-
pear before the U.N. General As-
ed that when he had invited moder-
sembly. Arafat was "an accessory"
ate Palestinians to meet with him in
to terrorism, Shultz held, and his
the past, no one had shown up. In-
presence in New York City would
sisted a Palestinian representative at
pose an unacceptable security prob-
the U.N.: "He finally came to the
BILD
lem. The worldwide criticism of the
conclusion that the P.L.O. is the only
lonely U.S. stand was deafening.
interlocutor for the Palestinians."
Although unable to say so pub-
Meanwhile, the yearlong upris-
licly, Bush and his incoming Secre-
ing by the occupants of the West
tary of State James Baker were
Bank and Gaza had drawn world-
troubled by Shultz's actions. "They
wide sympathy for those Arafat
were annoyed that his actions were
called "the children of the stones."
going to make it extremely diffi-
The best way to exploit that senti-
cult to get anywhere in the Middle
ment and further isolate Israel was
for the P.L.O. to move toward a more
4
New York lawyer Rita Hauser and four
East," said an Administration offi-
other American Jews meet Arafat in
cial. "Their sense was that he was
moderate, reasonable role. Arafat
Stockholm on Dec. 7 at the invitation of
creating a mess that he could walk
was strongly urged to do so by
the Swedish government. The Americans
away from in a few weeks." Both
Egypt's President Hosni Mubarak,
serve as a sounding board and help push
Arafat toward words that will satisfy Shultz.
men felt that the visa rejection,
Jordan's King Hussein and, after the
while based on principle, gave
cease-fire in the Iran-Iraq war, Iraqi
Arafat the image of an underdog
President Saddam Hussein. For the
being bullied by the U.S. Bush
U.S., which sharply criticized Israel's
publicly backed Shultz but quietly
heavy use of force against the intifa-
urged that he press the Palestin-
deh, an overly close relationship with
ians to meet the U.S. conditions.
Israel became a liability in its rela-
As the General Assembly voted
tions with nearly every other nation.
overwhelmingly to hear Arafat in
The P.L.O. took advantage of the
Geneva instead of New York, An-
uprising when its national council
dersson decided to invite the Ameri-
convened in Algiers on Nov. 12 by
cans back to Stockholm. In a critical
unilaterally declaring the existence of
meeting on Dec. 7, exactly a week
an independent Palestinian state. For
before Arafat's speech, five Ameri-
the first time, a council statement
can Jews met with Arafat.
also accepted U.N. Security Council
The Swedish government had
Resolution 242, which calls for with-
asked the U.S. for suggestions on the
drawal of all forces from lands occu-
language for Arafat to use that
pied after the 1967 Arab-Israeli war
5
On the U.N. podium in Geneva on Dec. 13,
would be acceptable to Shultz. The
and implies a recognition of Israel. It
Arafat disappoints his U.S. listeners by
State Department drafted wording,
endorsed Resolution 338 as well, urg-
failing to utter the critical words agreed
clearly stating the P.L.O.'s accep-
ing all relevant parties to negotiate.
upon earlier. The Swedes persist, and Europe-
tance of Israel and renunciation of
Still, the statement was deliber-
an allies like Britain and France press Wash-
ately drawn to be ambiguous enough
ington to reassess its rejection of the speech.
terrorism. In addition, Shultz sent
word through the Swedes that if
to prevent a walkout by George Ha-
Arafat accepted the key phrasing,
24
TIME, DECEMBER 26, 1988
Nation
the U.S. would push for immediate talks.
mounting on Arafat. Habash and Hawat-
terrorism "in all its forms," he did not "re-
Although a. public summary of the
meh were telling him that he was going
nounce" it, and he saluted "those sitting
discussions fell short of Washington's stiff
too far. "They insisted that he stop alter-
before me in this hall" who had fought in
requirements, Arafat privately agreed to
ing the meaning, as they saw it, of the Al-
"national liberation movements."
the State Department's proposed lan-
giers declaration," said an Egyptian dip-
Gloom engulfed the negotiations. The
guage. It was clear that the P.L.O. leader
lomat. "They were not prepared to go
State Department, although seeing "inter-
wanted to save his big move for his Gene-
further."
esting and positive developments" in Ara-
va U.N. speech, magnified in importance
When he took the podium at Geneva's
fat's address, judged it insufficient for
by the Shultz visa rejection.
Palais des Nations on Tuesday, the unpre-
starting talks. "Close but no cigar," said a
dictable P.L.O. chairman again stopped
State Department deputy. Bush and Bak-
A
fter flying back to Tunis to consult
maddeningly short of uttering the pre-
er were equally disappointed. Said a
with his aides on the weekend be-
cious words. Instead of saying, "I recog-
source close to them: "It's like you are at
fore his Geneva address, Arafat fi-
nize Israel's right to exist," Arafat de-
the church ready to get married and the
nally rejected advice from some Palestin-
clared, "The P.L.O. will seek a comprehen-
bride shows, but she's not wearing white."
ians that he give up on the U.S. until
sive settlement among the parties
Persistent as ever, Thatcher, Mitter-
Shultz was gone. That, Arafat decided,
concerned in the Arab-Israeli conflict, in-
rand, Mubarak and Hussein were back on
would stall the promising P.L.O. peace
cluding the state of Palestine, Israel and
the White House telephones urging Rea-
drive too long and ruin his impending
other neighbors." While he "condemned"
gan to reassess the speech. Using a color-
hour on TV screens around the
ful metaphor, Mubarak told Shultz
world. He accepted the wording
that Arafat had already taken off his
worked out at the secret Stockholm
shirt and that the U.S. was asking
meeting and incorporated some
for his trousers.
changes from the State Depart-
Sweden's Andersson and
ment's proposed language. Arafat
Egypt's Foreign Minister Esmat
informed the Swedes, who told
Abdel-Meguid told Shultz they still
Washington, that he would deliver
had a shot at persuading Arafat to
the critical words at the U.N.
take the required extra steps. In Ge-
Ronald Reagan, meanwhile,
neva, Abdel-Meguid carried his plea
had been getting a fusillade of trans-
personally to Arafat when the two
atlantic telephone calls urging him
dined together on Tuesday night. In
to be more sensitive to Arafat's posi-
Geneva, U.S. Ambassador Vernon
tion and readier to accept his con-
Walters was asked by Momammad
cessions. Repeated pleas came from
Said, a Palestinian-American advis-
Egypt's Mubarak, Jordan's Hussein,
er to Arafat, what Arafat must do to
Saudi Arabia's King Fahd. Just as
satisfy the U.S. "Just tell him to say
important, such close U.S. friends as
in public what he said in private,"
Britain's Prime Minister Margaret
replied Walters. Said passed this
Thatcher, France's President Fran-
along. Andersson resumed his deli-
çois Mitterrand and West Germa-
cate persuasion, meeting twice with
ny's Chancellor Helmut Kohl joined
Arafat. The Arab moderates-
the persistent chorus.
Egypt, Jordan and Iraq-also
The common element in this
6
Arafat receives calls from moderate Arab
pressed him to try once more to clar-
high-level pitch: if Arafat could not
states and the Soviet Union. At a press
ify his views.
get some favorable response from
conference on Dec. 14, he satisfies U.S.
the U.S. for his painful and person-
conditions by renouncing terrorism and
Finally, all the pressure paid off.
accepting Israel's right to exist.
A jaunty and jovial Arafat strode
ally dangerous efforts, he would face
into a conference room in the Palais
a radical Arab backlash, perhaps
des Nations on Wednesday night
headed by Syria. A rare chance for
(afternoon in Washington) to face
progress on peace would be lost. "It
800 reporters. He put on his specta-
was a full-court action to get both
cles and read a statement in English.
sides to see reason, especially Wash-
This time he accepted Resolutions
ington," said a Swedish diplomat.
242 and 338 without coupling them
Finally, on the day Reagan and
with demands for Palestinian inde-
Bush met with Soviet leader Mikhail
pendence. He specifically named
Gorbachev on New York's Gover-
the state of Israel as having the right
nors Island-six days before Ara-
"to exist in peace and security."
fat's speech-Reagan told Shultz
Most significantly, he declared, "We
that, if Arafat delivered as promised,
totally and absolutely renounce all
the State Department had permis-
forms of terrorism, including indi-
sion to open "substantive discus-
vidual, group and state terrorism."
sions" with the P.L.O. After Arafat's
"Enough is enough," Arafat
assurances on the following Mon-
told reporters. Then, in an appar-
day, U.S. Ambassador to Israel
ent reference to Mubarak's meta-
Thomas Pickering told Israeli For-
Only four hours later, Shultz announces an
phor, he added, "What do you
eign Minister Shimon Peres of Rea-
end to the 13-year policy of ostracizing
want? Do you want me to strip-
gan's decision. Cairo and Stockholm
the P.L.O. Shultz authorizes the U.S.
were also informed. All the players
Ambassador to Tunisia to meet with P.L.O.
tease?" At last, his dance of many
veils
representatives in Tunis.
was
a
hit.
-By
Ed
Magnuson.
were expecting a breakthrough.
Reported by Dean Fischer/Geneva and
But the pressures were still
Bruce van Voorst/Washington
TIME, DECEMBER 26, 1988
27
Interview
mined not to be intimidated. We've said all along the Sovi-
OF WAR
ets have more military than they need. He's responding to
our agenda. But we're dealing with a first-rate politician,
and he's bound to harvest some political goodwill.
AND
Q. You were host to Chief of Staff Marshal Sergei Akhromeyev
this summer and found him very congenial, but suddenly he's re-
tired, and it is rumored he's at odds with Gorbachev.
A. Marshal Akhromeyev invited me to a reciprocal visit
POLITICS
but cautioned that he might retire by then. He's 65, was
wounded in the war and mentioned his health. I presume
he'll remain a key military adviser. He's sent word that the
General Staff looks forward to receiving me next summer
Admiral WILLIAM CROWE,
as planned.
America's top military man, assesses
Q. But does he disagree with Gorbachev's unilateral troop
Gorbachev's troop-reduction proposal
reduction?
A. Instinctively, I don't think so. He's a strong supporter of
and reflects on the role of the
Gorbachev's perestroika. In our talks he emphasized that
for the arms process to be effective, both sides must make
peacetime soldier
concessions. He is aware of the need to reduce asymme-
tries, but emphasized that both sides must take steps to
Few people listened more closely to Mikhail Gorbachev's
ameliorate them. I can't imagine he took such vigorous ex-
announcement of a unilateral cut of 500,000 in the Soviet
ception to the Gorbachev proposal that he would resign
armed forces than the Chairman of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of
over that.
Staff. On issues as disparate as the START negotiations and
military involvement in the Persian Gulf, William Crowe
Q. You know that other elements of the U.S. Government were
(rhymes with how), 63, ultimately speaks for the Army, Navy,
not overjoyed at the Chairman "negotiating" with the Soviets.
Air Force and Marines as the President's top uniformed ad-
A. I wasn't negotiating anything. But if better relations are
viser. TIME senior correspondent Bruce van Voorst talked
to be achieved, the military should participate in and con-
tribute to the process. If you say that only the State Depart-
with him in his Pentagon office.
ment can talk to the Soviets, then, given the stakes, the
Q. What are the military consequences of Gorbachev's proposal?
multiplicity of contacts and the complexity of the issues, I
A. If he makes good on his promise, I would consider it a
must disagree. You know, senior military commanders
very welcome move. The reductions he's proposing do not
deal all the time in diplomacy. The commanders in Europe
redress the conventional balance in Europe, but removing
and the Pacific go to country after country and are wel-
tank divisions, cutting people and taking out some of the
comed by heads of state and government officials and talk
"offensive" systems like bridging equipment will change
about a lot more than military affairs.
the military calculus. This could be significant, particularly
in terms of warning time. Personally, I suspect he'll go
Q. It's widely said you are the most powerful military figure in
U.S. peacetime history. Is this a fair judgment?
through with it.
A. I'm an "adviser." The implication of your question is
that I'm making all these decisions and directing every-
Q. Why did he go for a unilateral cut?
A. I see this in terms of Gorbachev's larger goals. He wants
thing. In fact, in our system, my military advice is ren-
to improve the economic situation, and for this he needs
dered, but it is always only one element. I must defend my
time, stability and foreign capital.
views; I don't get a free ride because of my office. There are
a lot of disappointments, even for the Chairman.
Q. To become a greater threat to the West?
A. That depends. My instincts are that he cannot do the
Q. You seem to be much more than a military adviser. With your
things that are necessary to genuinely improve the nation's
Princeton Ph.D. and negotiating experience, you're the classic
economy and still have it remain an autocratic Communist
society. He will have to decentralize authority, educate his
"diplomat-warrior." A. The No. 1 thing I took from my graduate education is
citizenry more broadly; he's got to initiate data-processing
that there are political dimensions to everything. Akhro-
systems and information networks throughout the country.
meyev mentioned that he came to office without any politi-
He must increase international contacts. When you do
cal training. He suggested that my broad background must
that, you play with the guts of the system.
be helpful as Chairman. That was his perception, and he's
right.
Q. Has Gorbachev seized the diplomatic initiative from the
Q. Did the widespread criticism of the Persian Gulf reflagging
West?
A. There's always that danger. But in fact his unilateral ac-
operation distress you?
tion affirms the wisdom of what we've been doing. He ap-
A. Not the opposition per se, but the shallow understand-
pears to have decided that massive military investments do
ing of what we were trying to do. There were a lot more po-
not give him a suitable return, because the West is deter-
litical merits than was widely understood by critics. In tes-
TIME, DECEMBER 26, 1988
72
"We've said all
along the
Soviets have
more military
than they
need. He's
responding to
our agenda."
E
tifying before Congress, I found myself focusing more and
useless. Another type would say, "You mean nobody
more on the political ramifications. That wasn't my origi-
knows how to do this?", and "I know as much as any-
nal intent. But-and that's the whole point of this diplo-
body?" And when I said yes, he'd say, "Hot dog!" and go off
mat-warrior business-there was no way to separate the
and do it. That guy was great.
political from the military.
There are no solely military solutions. So we need war-
Q. How does an Oklahoma kid become a Navy admiral?
riors who can operate in the policy world as well. It's the
A. As a young kid I read a boy's book about Annapolis, and
same within the military. We need broad-based fighters.
this triggered a lifetime fascination with the Navy. My fa-
We need managers too. The Pentagon spends huge sums
ther had been a Navy man-radio operator on the battle-
developing and producing new weapons systems. That has
ship Pennsylvania in World War I-and he thought going
to be done well. Our challenge is to develop leaders who
to the Naval Academy was great. Later, when Admiral
can fight and manage and fighters who can contribute to
[Hyman] Rickover made fun of my going to graduate
policymaking. We have to develop a promotion system that
school, I persisted. I recall Dad saying that if you run a ship
recognizes all those talents. A man can be a first-class war-
aground in the Navy, that's the end, but if you get a Ph.D.,
rior, but if he can't function in the policy arena, that's a se-
they can't take it away.
rious deficiency in higher commands.
Q. Has it harmed your Navy career to be so involved in diplomacy?
Q. But the system doesn't recognize initiative.
A. At one time I was slated to command a cruiser when
A. That's not necessarily true. I am always looking for in-
Admiral [JCS Chairman] Tom Moorer asked me to serve on
novative people. In Viet Nam I was running the riverboat
the team negotiating the end of the Micronesian Trust. I
operation, and two kinds of people showed up. One asked
objected, but to no avail. I received a nice letter from [chief
for the tactical doctrine on how to operate those boats.
of Naval Operations] Admiral [Elmo] Zumwalt explaining
When we said there wasn't any, he froze. That man was
that this was necessary because we have many naval offi-
TIME, DECEMBER 26, 1988
73
Interview
cers who can command a cruiser but only a few who can
Q. How has battle changed?
participate effectively in international negotiations.
A. The canvas has greatly expanded. It involves the
whole globe, including the sea depths and a large chunk
of space. Weaponry has expanded the scale of destruc-
Q. Did that hurt?
A. I was devastated. It was nice to know Zumwalt
tiveness. But the uncertainty of war has not disappeared,
thought well of me, but I was a captain at the time, and in
and the tendency for things to go wrong has increased.
losing the cruiser, I was convinced I'd never be an admi-
Battles are still fought by people, and their state of mind
ral. I figured my education had torpedoed my future.
will still influence the outcome more than weapons.
Q. How else did you deal with this?
Q. You're the senior adviser to the President and must at least
A. A sense of humor helped. That's what keeps me going
ponder a decision to go nuclear. Could you push the button?
in tough times. There's no situation that doesn't have its
A. I believe so. I'll tell you, however, it's awfully hard to
ludicrous side. Even failure. To understand that simple
be hypothetical about this. I've played a few war games
reality is probably the first sign of maturity. Besides, I'm a
that involved limited nuclear attacks, and in that hypo-
pessimist at heart. I never expected to be promoted, and it
thetical climate, heavy pressures to stop using nuclear
always surprised me. When nice things happen to me, it is
weapons developed on both sides very quickly. These
were intellectual exercises. But they do suggest that our
quite exhilarating.
leaders understand the horrors of nuclear devastation,
and will work hard to avoid it.
Q. An element of fatalism?
A. I think so. I've concluded that in Washington on all
these decisions we deal with, it's never as bad as the crit-
Q. Are you comfortable with your job?
ics say it's going to be. And never as good as the advocates
A. I agonize a lot. I have known individuals who made a
expect. I agonized when the Bridge-
big decision and never gave it another
ton hit a mine in the Persian Gulf.
thought. I don't. When it's a big issue, I
Had I oversold our capabilities? I
"I have known
don't sleep soundly. I remember Gor-
was in a blue funk. The Vincennes
individuals who
don Cooper falling asleep while in the
Airbus shootdown was painful for
capsule waiting for lift-off. Now that's
me. I had lived in fear of such a mis-
made a big
real class. When he blasted off, his
take. But once it occurs, I believe you
pulse went to 70. I can get mine to 90
decision and
have no choice but to face up to it-
just thinking about it.
publicly-well aware that you'll be
never gave it
Q. Can the U.S. have confidence in some-
criticized no matter what you do.
I have learned that there's always
another thought.
body who drinks bourbon and Coke?
a new dawn. I was shattered when I
I don't. When it's
A. Some would say no. People in Okla-
homa would say yes.
first ran into really world-class
criticism. Then I discovered that if
a big issue, I don't
Q. Do you really read the comics?
I hung in there, in a week or two
sleep soundly."
A. Religiously. I like Andy Capp. I used
nobody even mentioned all those bad
to be avid on Pogo and was sorry to see
things. Fortunately, there's a new
him go. That's not the only way I waste
newspaper on the doorstep every
time. I watch sitcoms too. I really like Cheers. Probably the
morning.
biggest plague of my life is all the time I waste. What I don't
Q. Do you still refight the Viet Nam War?
like is getting up early. In that respect, a Navy career has
A. I think about it a lot. That's true for all of us. I don't be-
been tough on me. You know, the Russians do a lot of work
lieve any decision is made today on force commitments
at night-at least Stalin did. So did Churchill. That life-
without thinking of Viet Nam. It's not always said openly,
style has an appeal for me.
but it's there. The trick is to decide when the Viet Nam ex-
ample is truly applicable. There's a tendency to make the
Q. Where do you draw strength in time of trouble?
connection without really thinking through the analogy.
A. Primarily from my family. Former POW [Admiral]
Jim Stockdale is a classmate and great friend. He said
that when he was in prison camp in Viet Nam, one great
Q. Who are your heroes?
A. General [Robert E.] Lee was great at recovering from
source of strength was the Book of Job. Relating to Job, he
his mistakes. The intriguing thing about war is how many
could accept that life isn't fair. Many others couldn't and
mistakes are made. My conclusion from military history
became bitter. There are things you can't do anything
is that successful generals are wrong 95% of the time. For
about when you're taking a buffeting. Something of this is
unsuccessful generals, it's 99%. In the fog of war, there's
applicable to being Chairman. You can't take the good
so much uncertainty. I am a strong admirer of Kemal
part and ignore the rest. I find Job's experience useful in
Atatürk, because he achieved so much with so little. It's
surviving in Washington. Harry Truman observed that if
one thing for generals to win when they are backed by
you want a loyal friend in Washington, you'd better buy a
tremendous resources and production capability. But
dog. My wife and I hedge our bets-we own two dogs.
Atatürk with few resources wrested control of Turkey
from the sultans and expelled the Greeks from his coun-
Q. A final word?
try. He's my candidate as the greatest military man of
A. Just note that we talked for several hours, and I didn't
mention defense appropriations.
the century.
TIME, DECEMBER 26, 1988
74
Essay
INVOICE
Walter Shapiro
The First Crisis of the New Year
ven though I had been dreading the moment all year, I
know it is about time for me to decide who I really am and
E
fought to keep the abject terror out of my voice. "Yes,
where I fit in the cosmos. But do I really have to grapple with
lunch on the fourth would be terrific," I burbled into the phone
these conundrums now, before I go to lunch on Jan. 4?
with false bonhomie. "I'll make a note of it right now."
In a sense, psychic salvation is just an elevator ride away. In
But where to inscribe the first appointment of the New
the lobby of the Time & Life Building, I can obtain an impres-
Year? Like a condemned man fantasizing about a reprieve
sive desktop planner offered by our sister publication FORTUNE
from the Governor, I riffled through my woefully nonde-
magazine. But I just could not imagine treating the appoint-
script black vinyl 1988 Daily Planner praying that somehow
ment book's appendices, filled with FORTUNE 500 listings, as a
it contained extra pages for the first week of January. In-
personal breviary. Let others run with the bulls and the bears;
stead, with fear and trembling, I peered into the abyss: a
the symbol of my investment strategy has always been the
blank daily entry for New Year's Eve and then no more.
Cowardly Lion. To me, a term like "covering a short position"
Nothingness. Maybe I could take the cowardly way out and
refers to St. Louis Cardinal infielder Ozzie Smith.
try to recycle the pages from last January. But there in big
Luckily, my options did not stop at the lobby's edge. Vir-
block letters on the top of Jan. 4, 1988, was the chilling in-
tually every magazine seems to be in the business of helping
scription: "In Iowa with Gephardt." Even masochism has its
its readers mark the inexorable passage of time until their
limits; no sane man would choose to relive the Iowa caucus-
subscriptions are up for renewal. For example, I quickly
es. The long-feared existential
skipped over a promotion for
crisis was at hand; I would
the Newsweek Pocket Diary
have to buy a new desk diary.
that bills itself as "the perfect
Only the young and the su-
corporate gift." Not in every
premely self-confident could
corporation, it isn't.
view such a task with equa-
An infinitely more prudent
nimity. For as Michael Korda
alternative appeared to be the
sagely observed in one of his
PATRICK MC DONNELL
1989 New Yorker Diary. The ad
treatises on modern success,
promises that its "50 all-time
classic" cartoons will "start
"Desks can tell us a great deal
each day with a smile." But
about people's power quo-
such an enforced daily dose of
tient." Another year shackled
to a black vinyl Daily Planner
risibility struck me as being a
would be the final indictment
little like wearing a lampshade
of the drab ordinariness of my
at a party while completely
workaday life. As my power
sober. Esquire is another
quotient tumbled beneath even
competitor in this smile-button
that of Michael Dukakis, gone
sweepstakes. Its diary boasts
would be those wistful dreams
cartoons and ads drawn from
5- a corner office and secretar-
the magazine's issues of 1939.
ies-heralding my daily arrival
Not, however, exactly the
with eager chirps of "Good morning, Mr. Shapiro."
world's most fun year. Somehow the memory of Nazi troops
Even if it were bound in rich Corinthian leather with a
pouring into Poland might mar my enjoyment of next Sept. 1.
silken page marker, my Daily Planner would still not be able
Others might be attracted by the international status that in-
to transcend its plebeian origins. All through 1988, I fell be-
stantly accompanies ownership of the Economist Desk Diary.
hind in the race to the top because my desk diary lacked the
But then, others in their youth went to England as Rhodes
fat glossary of practical information that people like Michael
scholars; I had to pick up my Anglophilia during a three-day
Korda take for granted. It is galling to admit that I have at
theater tour of London.
my fingertips neither the international dialing code for Abu
By now, I was a man possessed as I wandered the streets
Dhabi nor an up-to-date list of bank holidays in Kuala Lum-
of midtown Manhattan questing after the appointment book
pur. Even worse, I am forced to rise from my swivel chair
that best reflected my station in life. I was briefly tempted by
and wander down the hall each time I need the name of the
a Filofax until I remembered that all I needed was a date-
concierge at the Hôtel George V in Paris. In contrast, about
book, not a new religion. And the Weight Watchers calendar
the only power tool my Daily Planner offers is a page of met-
just did not seem right for inscribing lunch engagements.
ric equivalents. Unfortunately, the last time I needed a
In the midst of this full-fiedged identity crisis, I stumbled
metric crib sheet, I was standing on a bathroom scale in Italy
upon an old-fashioned, comfortable jumble of a stationery
after a huge dinner, trying to convince myself that pounds
store, sort of the office-supply version of the Homesick Res-
and kilograms are almost equal.
taurant. In the window was a hand-lettered sign promising
My black vinyl stigma of inferiority would, of course,
20% OFF ON 1989 CALENDARS. My epiphany came as I dis-
vanish instantly with the purchase of the right upscale desk
covered that the 1989 black vinyl Daily Planner had been
accessory. These days, given the vast array of choices, select-
marked down to $5.06. Suddenly, just as Gail Sheehy prom-
ing a personal diary has become a bold and precarious act of
ised, I at last understood my precise position in the Great
self-definition. It is fine for Gail Sheehy in Passages to de-
Chain of Being. As soon as I got back to my office, I eagerly
cree that "somewhere between 35 and 45 if we let ourselves,
scrawled in my new datebook my sole New Year's resolution
most of us will have a full-out authenticity crisis." Sure, I
for 1989: "Memorize that table of metric equivalents."
86
TIME, DECEMBER 26, 1988
.
Jeannie-
Here are Copies
of the
Annapolis
stuff from
Bob's file.
George
U. S.
TVAVN
ACADEMY
15
EX
TRIDENS
SCIENTIA
From:
Public Affairs Office
U.S. Naval Academy
Annapolis, MD 21402
Phone (301) 267-2291 (Autovon 281-2291)
Telefax Number (301) 267-3133 (Autovon 281-3133)
Page one of 15 pages
Attention:
to: Bob Simon - White House
from: Martha thour USNA PAO
100
USNA PAO
3133 267 1031
15:43 14/17/19
United States Naval Academy
Annapolis, MD 21402-5000
(301) 267-2291
ORIGINS OF THE PLEBE RECOGNITION CEREMONY
The Plebe Recognition Ceremony celebrates the end of a tough year for
the plebes (freshmen) -- one that began with Plebe Summer, the period of
rigorous military indoctrination for academy freshmen, and continued into the
academic year when they not only had to adjust to college level academics, but
to handling professional demands and athletic requirements.
The firing of cannons signals the start of the race to climb the
21-foot obelisk, Herndon Monument, in front of the Chapel. The plebes manage,
through teamwork and perseverance, to raise one of their classmates to the top
of the lard-covered monument to retrieve a white plebe "dixie cup" hat, and
replace it with an upperclassman's hat.
According to legend, the midshipman who switches the hat will become
the first member of the class to become an admiral. The superintendent of the
Naval Academy presents the successful midshipman with one of his shoulder boards
mounted on a plaque.
Like all academy traditions, the Herndon Monument climb has evolved
over the years. The exact date when the celebration began is not known, but it
seems to have originated as an exuberant rush of new youngsters (sophomores),
following the graduation ceremony, to cavort on Lover's Lane, in the vicinity of
Herndon, which had been off limits to them while they were plebes. Below are
some milestones of the celebrations gleaned from academy yearbooks:
more
002
D
USNA PAO
3133 267 301
15:44
16/21/19
"At last came that day of days, that longed-for Mecca of all plebes - graduation
day, when we threw aside our shackles and were free and lordly youngsters. We
welcomed the event by the usual ceremonies, with a few original turns thrown
in
1911 Lucky Bag - "...and then what a race for the heretofore forbidden
precincts of the Lane! [Lover's Lane]. How we sang and capered around the
monument."
1913 Lucky Bag - the first photograph of a snake dance which was part
of the celebration for thirty years. After shaking hands with the newly-
commissioned officers, the new third-class raced towards the monument, then
turned their caps and coats backwards, snake-dancing through the yard chanting
"Tain't no mo' plebes."
1943 Lucky Bag - first photograph of the monument being scaled,
although no cap was involved, nor was the monument greased; last evidence of
the snake dance.
1953 Lucky Bag - first photograph of a cap being placed on the
monument.
1955 Lucky Bag - first photograph of the monument greased to make the
climb more difficult.
1957 - first recorded name of the midshipman to reach the top and
placing cap.
1961 Lucky Bag - first photograph of a dixie cup hat, already on top of
the monument, to be removed and replaced by a cap.
1962 - first recorded time of the monument climb.
800
D
USNA PAO
3133 267 3301 15:44 10/17/19
In
1967,
the
Memorial Stadium, and midshipmen could no longer run to Herndon Monument
immediately following the ceremony. It may be for that reason the Herndon
climb was scheduled following the first parade of what was called "June Week."
In 1968, the event became known as the Plebe Recognition Ceremony
and was held in the afternoon of the first day of Commissioning Week.
In 1973, Superintendent Rear Adm. William P. Mack spontaneously
presented Lawrence J. O'Donnell Jr. with his admiral's shoulder boards. Now a
permanent part of the ceremony, the shoulder boards are presented on a plaque.
Today, the Herndon Monument Climb remains one of the highpoints of
Commissioning Week, occurring on the first day of the week. Before the climb
begins, the plebes gather in Tecumseh Court in front of Bancroft Hall. Having
endured a summer and an academic year of rigorous military indoctrination
together, they are united for this team effort. At the firing of cannons,
they explode across the campus to the monument.
Throwing t-shirts and shoes removes some of the 200 pounds of lard
smeared on the monument by upperclass midshipmen. The plebes then begin to
build a greasy, sweaty human pyramid to give a class member the platform to
reach a hand to the top of the monument for the exchange of hats.
After successfully completing the Herndon climb, the freshmen are no
longer called plebes but "fourth classmen."
Herndon Monument was erected in memory of Cmdr. William Lewis Herndon
who elected to go down with his ship, Central America, when she sank in 1857.
USNA
$00
D
USNA PAO
3133 267 301 15:45 16/11/19
News
Commissioning
Weekevents
United States Naval Academy
Public Affairs
Annapolis, MD 21402-5000 (301) 267-2291
COMMISSIONING WEEK
Plebe Recognition Ceremony
The firing of cannons will signal the plebes (freshmen) to begin their
assault on the grease-covered Herndon Monument in front of the Chapel.
The ceremony originated sometime before 1900 as an exuberant rush to
the monument where plebes celebrated their new found freedom as fourth class.
The actual climbing of the monument when it was greased came about around 1955.
The plebes attempt, through teamwork and perseverance, to raise one of their
classmates to the top of the 21-foot tall obelisk, covered with 200 lbs. of
lard, to retrieve a white plebe "dixie cup" hat, replacing it with an
upperclassman's hat.
Legend has it that the midshipman who accomplishes the hat switch will
become the first member of the class to reach the rank of admiral. As of this
year. none of the midshipmen who have made the switch has attained the rank.
The superintendent of the Naval Academy presents a set of his shoulder
boards mounted on a plaque to the midshipman who accomplishes the feat.
more
600 2
USNA PAO
$301 267 3133 15:50 04/17/91
1962 - first recorded time - 3 minutes
1969 - 1 minute 30 seconds (fastest time to date)
1981 - 1 hour
1982 - 1 hour 44 minutes
1983 - 1 hour 43 minutes 55 seconds
1984 - 2 hours 22 minutes
1985 - 3 hours 12 minutes 23 seconds (longest time to date)
1986 - 1 hour 23 minutes 7 seconds
1987 - 1 hour 51 minutes 20 seconds
1988 - 43 minutes 44 seconds
1989 - 1 hour 51 minutes 30 seconds
Dedication Parade
The first Dedication Parade was held at the Naval Academy on May 31,
1969. The dress parade honors those members of the academy faculty who are
retiring, completing twenty years of service, or who have been selected as
Professor Emeritus, and the recipient of the William P. Clements Award for
excellence in education.
William P. Clements Award
The William P. Clements Award for Excellence in Education is presented
annually during the Dedication Parade, to the military faculty member whose
contributions to the academic, professional and moral development of midshipmen
reflect the highest principles of excellence in education.
more
010
D
USNA PAO
3333 267 301
09:91
16/21/19
"
what the monument
looks like on a Normal day
900
USNA PAO
3333 267 1031
15:46 14/21/19
what Herndon looks lookslike during vrene
Recognition Ceremory
16/21/19
16:31
92
3133 /97 1301
USNA PAU
144
3
NOV
0000
3HJ
in
13.20
2r
st
Movement is greased
fy youngsters (sophomores)
2007
USNA PAO
3133 267 1091 15:48 I6/21/19
commune
0088
date
draft
U.S. NAVAL ACADEMY AND ANNAPOLIS COMPLEX PERSONNEL BECOME INVOLVED IN
COMMUNITY SERVICE
Blood drives. For many years, the Civilian Personnel Department has held blood
drives with the blood being donated to the Red Cross. Likewise, blood drives
Bank. are held for the midshipmen with the collected blood going into the Navy's Blood
Thanksgiving. In 1990 approximately 1,100 boxes of food were collected at the
before. In 1991 the Chaplain Center hopes to double the number of boxes.
Thanksgiving Service to give to the area's needy, up from 170 boxes the year
Catholic and Protestant Outreach Programs. Ninety per cent of the money
collected at the Naval Academy Chapel are donated to local, national and
worldwide charitable organizations. One Christmas, for example, $70,000 was
given to organizations to help the poor, elderly, abused and victims of
disaster. Chapel committees select the charities to receive donations on the
basis of how they react to human needs. They don't necessarily have to be
to religious organizations, but they do have to be service-oriented, helping people
who have received contributions are Meals on Wheels, Anne Arundel General
help themselves and giving a hand to those in need. Among those local groups
Anne Arundel Association for Retired Citizens, Anne Arundel Hospice, and Anne
Hospital, YWCA Battered Spouse Program, Crownsville Hospital, Helping Hands,
Arundel Lodge. National groups receiving donations include CARE, Church World
Army. Services, World Vision, Lutheran World Relief, YMCA, Red Cross and Salvation
Special interests. Sometimes, the midshipmen get a special request and take
who the wanted to visit the academy. In November 1990, he visited the academy and
special interest in someone. Such a person was Shawn Burton, a leukemia patient a
midshipmen accepted him as one of their own.
with their goal for contributions for the fourth year in a row. In
CFC. exceeded In December 1990 the U.S. Naval Academy and the Annapolis-area complex
a goal of $285,000, local Navy personnel contributed more than $367,000. 1990,
Navy Relief.
Big Brothers/Big Sisters
Marine Corps Toys for Tots. The "Toys for Tot," a nationwide
distribute coordinated and sponsored by the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve, helps campaign collect and
toys for underprivileged children each year at Christmas time.
Friends citizens of and Parks. Midshipmen help Friends of the Parks, a committee of
parks and paths for the people of Annapolis.
businesses working with the City of Annapolis to maintain and private build
Habitat homes for Humanity. Midshipmen work with the Habitat for Humanity to build
for poor families.
Annapolis Special Jaycees. Midshipmen work with the Annapolis Jaycees to sponsor the
Olympics, a year-round, world-wide program, offering athletic
the competition for the mentally handicapped. They also help with the hanging of
greens. the decorating of the
participating are Rolling Knolls, Severna Park, Hillsmere, Georgetown East, West
Annapolis, Tyler Heights, Annapolis, and Germantown Elementary Schools; Naval
Academy Primary School; Central and Southern Middle Schools; and St. Mary's
Elementary and Middle School. Thirteen academy companies (groups of about 120
midshipmen) have "adopted" schools.
Math Tutorial Program for Bishop Banneker Middle School. Midshipmen volunteers
participate in a mathematics tutorial program for Montgomery County students.
Every other Saturday during the school year, more than a dozen students from the
school come to the academy, where they are tutored in mathematics by the
midshipmen and are treated to lunch in King Hall, the midshipmen's dining area.
The midshipmen, who act as big brothers and sisters, are also planning to take
the students to some Navy football games this fall and to the Naval Station,
Norfolk, Va., where they can show the youngsters Navy ships and aircraft. The
program is sponsored by Floyd Grayson, one of three black graduates in the
Naval Academy Class of 1965, with the purpose of providing positive role models
for black youngsters. The program was coordinated by Navy Lt. Ronald K.
McDonald, a 1984 academy graduate assigned to the academy's Admissions Office,
and J.D. Speller, president of the PTA at Bishop Banneker Middle School.
Draketail.
Parade of Lights
Drugfree Annnapolis Halloween Party
Miscellaneous -- Science fairs, carnivals, visits to senior centers
Concerts at senior centers
Action Holeon IN
#0065
22 March 1991
Media Contacts:
Carol Feldmann (print)
Phones (for all contacts):
(301) 267-2291
Lt. Roxie Thomsen, USN (radio and TV)
(301) 261-2261 (D.C. Metro area)
(301) 267-6100 (after hours)
NAVAL ACADEMY MIDSHIPMAN ACTION GROUP PLANS UPCOMING EVENTS
ANNAPOLIS, Md. -- Hundreds of Naval Academy midshipmen will be sprucing
up local parks, constructing, restoring and remodeling homes for the area's
poor, and tutoring and reading to students at county schools in the coming
weeks. These midshipmen provide community service as volunteer members of the
Naval Academy's Midshipmen Action Group.
More than 800 midshipmen have volunteered to tutor students in local
elementary and middle schools through "Mids for Kids." Among the schools
participating are Rolling Knolls, Severna Park, Hillsmere, Georgetown East, West
Annapolis, Tyler Heights, Annapolis, Harbor and Germantown Elementary Schools;
Naval Academy Primary School; Central and Southern Middle Schools; and St.
Mary's Elementary and Middle School.
Thirteen academy companies (groups of about 120 midshipmen) have
"adopted" schools. Midshipmen company representatives will, for example, be
going to Hillsmere Elementary School each Tuesday and Wednesday, 1 to 3 p.m.,
from now until the midshipmen begin final exams on May 1.
more
NAVAL ACADEMY MIDSHIPMAN ACTION GROUP PLANS UPCOMING EVENTS 2222
In addition to working with children in local schools, midshipmen will
again be helping Friends of the Parks, a committee of private citizens and
businesses working with the City of Annapolis to maintain and build parks and
paths for the people of Annapolis. On Saturday, March 23, midshipmen applied a
wood preservative to the playground equipment at the downtown Annapolis
Playground and cut brush and put in more than 200 bollards around the Mayo Ball
Field. In these projects, the midshipmen worked not only with Friends of the
Parks, but also with the city and county recreation and parks departments.
"The midshipmen are great," says Mary Berry, one of the project
coordinators for Friends of the Parks. "On any given workday, at least 30 --
and sometimes as many as 100 -- midshipmen volunteers show up. These groups are
then broken up into smaller groups to work on individual projects."
Long-term projects with Friends of the Parks include building 38 miles
of pathways throughout Annapolis and maintaining and beautifying the parks.
"We're going to be putting benches along the pathways and grading and putting
down gravel on the paths," says Berry.
Berry, who, like the midshipmen, works with a number of community
service organizations, applauds the midshipmen's efforts not only with Friends
of the Parks, but also with other groups. "They've been planting trees around
Annapolis, putting down wood chips on the paths in Truxtun Park, helping the
Annapolis Housing Authority paint some of the low-income housing areas, helping
with remodeling and painting Stanton Senior Center, working with the Arundel
Habitat for Humanity to build homes for poor families, and helping the Annapolis
Jaycees hang greens in Annapolis. The list of midshipmen community involvement
just goes on and on."
more
NAVAL ACADEMY MIDSHIPMAN ACTION GROUP PLANS UPCOMING EVENTS
3333
The Midshipmen Action Group will join the Annapolis Jaycees in
sponsoring the Special Olympics at the academy April 20 and 21.
Lt. Blake Bush, a computer specialist in the academy's Division of
Professional Development, founded the Midshipmen Action Group in 1982 when he
was a midshipman. Returning to the academy in 1989, Bush continues to
coordinate the volunteer efforts of the midshipmen and to inspire them to follow
in his footsteps.
"During your four years here, you develop close ties to Annapolis,"
says Bush. "The city becomes almost like a second home to us, and we want to
do our part to make it a better place to live."
For more information about the school visits, call Lt. Blake Bush at
(301) 267-3132 or (301) 267-2570. For more information about Friends of the
Parks projects, call Mary Berry at (301) 280-3204 or Phil Caroom, chairman of
the Friends at (301) 268-6828. For more information about the Special Olympics,
call (301) 263-8451 or (301) 544-2200.
USNA
Friends RI
#0081
24 April 1990
MIDSHIPMEN LEND A HELPING HAND
ANNAPOLIS, MD. -- More than 1,000 United States Naval Academy
midshipmen helped with Earth Day observances and with Annapolis and Anne Arundel
County Appreciation Days, a time for giving the local community a special thanks
for their support of academy programs.
The midshipmen volunteered their services to groups such as the
Annapolis Jaycees, Friends of the Parks, the YWCA, the March of Dimes, and
to Germantown, Georgetown East and West Annapolis elementary schools, Bates
Middle School, and the Naval Academy Primary School.
"During the past six months or so, more than 300 midshipmen have
participated in our programs," said Phil Caroom, chairman of Friends of the
Parks, a committee of private citizens and businesses working with the City of
Annapolis to maintain and build parks and paths for the people of Annapolis.
more
U
MIDSHIPMEN LEND A HELPING HAND
2222
Saturday, April 21, approximately 35 midshipmen turned out to help the
Friends of the Parks plant trees. They dug up 15 dogwood trees donated by
Patricia Aiken of Epping Forest and transplanted them to Lookout Point in
Truxtun Park. Also in Truxtun Park, they planted more than 200 pine seedlings
to prevent soil erosion and washing out of trails.
That same Saturday, the midshipmen helped plant six trees at St.
Martin's Church on Spa Road and 50 trees and shrubs at Georgetown East
Elementary School in Eastport.
Planting trees was a popular way to prepare for the Earth Day
observances, and a contingent of 40 midshipmen planted trees at West
Annapolis Elementary School on Saturday. The school received a grant from the
Maryland Forest, Park and Wildlife Service to plant a mini-forest as part of the
national Earth Day celebration.
While some midshipmen were involved in tree planting, 700 volunteered
to be huggers for the Anne Arundel County Special Olympics held April 21 and 22
at the Naval Academy. Approximately 150 assisted with the Naval Academy Primary
School Spring Festival and still others with the YWCA 10-kilometer run.
Midshipmen volunteers are participating in the read-aloud program at
Germantown Elementary School, April 23 - 27; the March of Dimes Walk-a-thon
on Sunday, April 29; and a field day at Bates Middle School on Tuesday, May 1.
more
MIDSHIPMEN LEND A HELPING HAND
3333
Freendon
"We really appreciate all the contributions of time and effort of our
midshipmen volunteers," Caroom said. "Their efforts are like a shot in the arm
for our program and for many other community programs. They're enthusiastic and
energetic and, with their help, the projects get completed in record time.
"Future projects include building playgrounds, clearing walking and
bike paths and putting up trail marking signs, and we expect midshipmen to be
involved every step of the way," Caroom said.
"I think you really have to applaud the efforts of the midshipmen,"
said Lt. Blake Bush, officer representative of the midshipmen action group.
"The midshipmen give up their free time, which is extremely limited, to help
others. Sometimes, because of the demands of the midshipmen's schedules, we
can't provide as many midshipmen volunteers as we would like, but we try our
best, and we hope that we are making a meaningful contribution to the
community."
USNA
Horseshoe
RIVERVIEZ RIVERVIEW AVE CT
Riverview
WESTWOOD
DR
SHERV
State Park
APLIE OR OR
DR
Point
Manor Community OR
WARDOUR
KENT RD/2
ARLIE
Brice
PENDENNIS MOUNT
SCOTT
Point
KENYL
WEEMS
CREEK
DR
CLAUDE
WARDOUR
CROSSING
FRAUNDEL
BLUFFS
Mariners
KIRKLEY
GLADDEN
MONTEREY TOLSON HAVE
7
Essay
Wharf
ROSCO
ST
KIRKLEY
OU
FARMS DOCUMENT FERRY
ELMWOOD
08
NORWOOD
RD
FERRY FARMS
RD
RD
AVE
AVE
ST
ARUNDEL
West
Point Meadow ANNAPOLIS SEVERN
Anmagoli
LANNAC
WEST ANDAPO IS
RD
SELLERS
Weems
BADGER
E&
RD
FORES
OH
GIMPINGS
OSBOURNE RD
Ferry
MELVIN
Point
ST
DEWEY
St Pauis
Taylor
F
YEW SI
CIR BALTIMORE BAILEBOWYER POWERS RD LONGSHAW WOOD WAY FIRE PYTHA RD
RAMSEY
N SEVERN
RO
ST
AVE
PERRY
CANDLES
BEACH
Withuram
IARINERS COVE
RD
RD
DR
ROOGERS
ROWE
YEW
Ludlow
State
OR
OR
IOW
RD
RU
RD
Dept of Nat Resources HEIGHTO
TULIP
KINDWOODST
STATENG
SIGSBEE
Biemans
Point
OH
P
ST
RD
US
Dewey Field
HOWSON
Tawes Bldg
Court of Appeals
KING
Creek
SUMNER
RD
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
Calvary
BLVD
450
CREE
10
US Navel
Academy
United Methodist
Navy-Marina Corps
FOR
NORTH
AH
AVE
LZ
DR
CEDAR
LZ
Memorial Sta
TAYLOR
MILLER.
OVERLOOKII
RD
NUCTION
wn
RD
MILLS
St Johns
PARK
WAY
RD
RD
DECATURE
MARYLAND
College
AVE
GENESSEE ST ST
Adams College
TRUXTON RD
NAVAL ACADEMY
Barning
AVE
INFORMATION
DS
BLAKE
TECHNSEH
NOSTINN
HB
RD
C AVE
DOE
Saint
DAR PARK
WOODLAWN/
AVE
RD
GLENWOOD
AVE
RDD
RD
Lines
POPLAR
HEST
CLIMBER
RD
Bancrof Hall
GLEN
ROSEDALE
BATES ST
BREWER ST
ST
MICE
SIGNATURE
COOPER
RD
LZ
RD
AVE
ST
CLAY
ST
SEAL
GEORGE
POLICY
N
AVE
/
DAVE
POPLAR AVE
OBERY
CT
TOW
Cir
MART
RD
BROWN
JOY
BEED
AVE
NEW
PLEASANT
URCH
EAST
PLEASANT
Farraqut held
LACUST
WOOD WOODLAWN AVE
CT
Art
NORTH
ST
NORTH
JEFFERSON
VERNON
CORNHILLEE
MARY
ST
RIBGEWOOD
AnneiRci
STMAINTLIR
ST
RD
TURNER
MUNROE
AVE
BREWER:
ST
ARKIN
CITY DEAN S
STATE
$ORMANS
DESPARING
RD
S
MARKET
AL
Nam
JUAWEST
MORRIS S
WATER
ST
St
KINGS
SEAL
ST
1st
STATE
KIAN
sts
RUSSELL
is
1000
AVE
MURBAY
SHAN
5
Annapol
ST
SMITHVILLE ST NICHOLSO
JOHNSON
COUONIAL
SOUTHG
100
AVE
//SOUTH
CHARLE
OUC
GERMAN
BROOKE
DIE
ACTON
PL
AL
VILLA SINIA AVE S VILLA AVE
VALLEY
ST
[CENTRAL
The STATE Allanolis
City of
Severn
ITNEWIMA
Annapolis
Sailing
Sycamore
THE
AVE
MONTIEELLO
STEELE
AVE
PL
MARKET
SAINT MARYS ST
Point EASTP
AVE
AVE
STEHLE
is
Saint
INSTITUTION
STEWART
PL
NIC:
AVE
"ILE
AM.
AVE 1/4
ETTE
MPSON
Marys
ROBEMARY
INKLIN
C.
HAREW
creek
Harbor TERRA
Acton
Navy/Marine Corps
Memorial Stadium
Gate D
108
8
25
125
Gate M
1st
2nd
Regt
Regt
107
7
26
126
1st
2nd
Regt
Regt
Gate C
106
6
27
127
Gate N
105
28
128
Upper
Section
Lower
5 4 Section
Supe's Guest
Canopy
29 Section
Lower
Section
Upper
104
Press Platform
129
Gate B
103
3
Faculty
30
130
Gate O
&
Staff
1992
Class of
102
2
31
131
Gate A
101
1
32
132
Rostrum
Gate P
VIP
Canopy
Class of '92
Class of 92
Formation
Formation
Even Co.
Odd Co. 7th Fleet Gate
LUCHERROOM
6th Fleet Gate
(Wheelchair
entrance)
Blungels
Campus
Wheelchair/ Main
Main Clock Entrance
Clock Entrance
Parking
Parking
Taylor Avenue
NAVY MARINE CORPS MEMORIAL STADIUM
GRADUATION 1992
ROSTRUM SEATING
CAPT
CAPT
COL
CAPT
RADM(sel)
Mr.
Dean
Prof.
Dean
Dean
Dean
Storm
Key
McCormick
Husrt
Evans
Lengyel
Garrett
Davis
Werking
Good
Halbig
HON
HON.
RADM
VADM
VADM
USSS
VADM
CAPT
HON
Mr.
HON
Mr.
Mr.
Ms.
Mr.
Ball
Korth
Hill
Lawrence
Minter
Holloway
Hines
Pope
McCormick
Machtley
Cannon
Bemiss
Colgan
Fitch
REP.
HON
PRES.
RADM
RADM
Dean
ADM
Gen
McMillan
Garrett
Bush
Lynch
Haskins
Shapiro
Kelso
Dailey
PODIUM
Possibles
SUPTS
CNO's
BOV
Fmr SECNAV
Mack
Burke
Bentley
Middendorf
McKee
McDonald
McClure
Larson
Moorer
McCain
Mrs Davidson
Zumwalt
Mrazek
Sarbanes
GRADUATION 1992 TIME LINE (Stadium)
0845
CLASS OF '92 (1045) BEGIN TO ARRIVE GATES A & P
0900
BRIGADE (Approx 2000) ARRIVES AT STADIUM GATE D
& GATE M
CLASS OF '92 FORMATION
0930
BRIGADE SEATED
0945
CLASS OF '92 PROCESSION
1000
CLASS OF '92 SEATED
ACADEMIC PROCESSION
1025
BLUE ANGEL'S FLYBY
1030
GRADUATION CEREMONY BEGINS
1240
CEREMONY ENDS
distinguished graduates - POTUS hand $ shake [103; top 10%]
remaining graduates - POTUS shake hands
GRADUATION 1992 DETAILED SEQUENCE
TIME
EVENT
1000
PRESIDENT ARRIVES AT STADIUM
1000
ACADEMIC PROCESSION
1025 *
BLUES ANGELS' FLYBY ( omit for Alumni Hall)
1027
ROSTRUM PROCESSION
1030
ARRIVAL OF SPECIAL GUEST
1. Special Guest Proceed to Rostrum
2. Announcement of the President
3. Ruffles and Flourishes - Hail to the Chief
4. Gun salute
1035
NATIONAL ANTHEM
1038
INVOCATION
1042
Garrett?
ADM LYNCH'S REMARKS AND INTRODUCTION OF
THE PRESIDENT
1046
REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT
1106
CONFERRAL OF DEGREES
1108
RECOGNITION OF ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AND
SCHOLARSHIP AWARDS
1110
RECOGNITION OF DISTINGUISHED GRADUATES
1111
PRESENTATION OF DIPLOMAS
1226
COMMISSIONING OF GRADUATES IN USMC
1229
COMMISSIONING OF GRADUATES IN USN
1234
CLASS OF '92 GIFT TO PRESIDENT
1235
RECOGNITION OF HONORARY MEMBER OF '92
1236
SIGNING OF NAVY "BLUE AND GOLD"
1237
CHEERS FOR THOSE ABOUT TO LEAVE US/LEAVE
BEHIND
1240
END OF CEREMONY - DEPART ROSTRUM
1245
DEPART STADIUM FOR LANDING ZONE
TBD
DEPART ANNAPOLIS
1
PRODUCED A'l' GOVERNMENT EXPENSE
Michelson
Chauvenet
LAB DECK
Nimitz Library
Rt. side 1- 35 Odd
E R C ERC
Lft. side2-36 Even
DISTINGUISHED
GRADS
Alumni Hall
EY
) = Dressing room
) = Official's room
; = Star Suite
First Floor
:
Rehearsal room
, = Practice room
loading
dock
sow
CLEVER
P
R
D
P
P
P
R
X
P
x
P
)
D
P
o
D
P
R
P
S
P
D
THE
IIIA
VIP
room
1004
LOGGT
PASS
DIVISOR
X
U.S. KIYAL ACADEMY
BRICADE ACTIVITIES CENTER
CROUNS FLOORPLAN
CRAWN is MOREISER
OURIC SCALE
0 $
2 2 x 8 & .
8
UNITED
SECTION
SECTION
SECTION
SECTION
SECTION
II
S
R
0
PP
SECTION
307
336
SECTION
I
P
310
CAMERA
318
RM
FROJ RM
SECTION
SECTION
U
N
SERVICE
ELEVATOR
SECTION
SECTION
SECTION
SS
g
UU
SECTION
CI
SS
305
NN
3
308
SECTION
SECTION
V
M
309
RADO
SECTION
SECTION
310
W
TRANSL
L
311
unio
um
LTS &
E
SOUND
312
CAUCRAS
SECTION
CMDT's
Staff
1992
Class of
Supe's G est
uppup Suppes G as
SECTION
X
K
USE
313
TV
SECTION
SECTION
314
Y
PRESS
s
Stage
SECTION
SECTION
I
H
315
Bridade Seating
316
304
SECTION
LECTION
CC
AA
3
1
SECTION
SECTION
A
G
317
301
SECTION
PASSENCER
SECTION
ELEVATOR
B
303
F
U.S. NAYAL ACADEMY
SECTION
SECTION
SECTION
SECTION
SECTION
BB
C
D
(
FF
BRICADE ACIMIES CENTER
CHAPING SCALE
AREMA LEVEL FLOORPLAN / WITH SECTIONS
0 3 10
20
50
43
8
CRAWN T.R. MOREISER
amium
FEET
NOTE: , has DRAWNS is & REDUCTION
THE CRAPMIC SCALE MUST BC USED.
GRADUATION 1992 TIME LINE (Alumni Hall)
0845
CLASS OF '92 (1045) BEGIN TO ARRIVE CHAUVENET &
MICHELSON HALL LAB DECK
0900
BRIGADE (Approx 600) ARRIVES AT ALUMNI HALL
SOUTH AND WEST ENTRANCE
CLASS OF '92 FORMATION
0930
BRIGADE SEATED
0945
CLASS OF '92 PROCESSION
1000
CLASS OF '92 SEATED
ACADEMIC PROCESSION
1030
GRADUATION CEREMONY BEGINS
1240
CEREMONY ENDS
NAVAL ACADEMY SECURITY DEPARTMENT PERSONNEL ASSETS
TOTAL STRENGTH
25 DOD POLICE OFFICERS
23 MARINE GUARDS
AVAILABLE FOR PRESIDENTIAL DETAIL
14 DOD POLICE OFFICERS
10 MARINE GUARDS
USHER FORCES
STADIUM
OFFICER (USN/USMC) - 36
MIDSHIPMEN
- 250
ENLISTED :
-
5
ALUMNI HALL
OFFICER (USN/USMC) - 36
MIDSHIPMEN
- 250
ENLISTED
-
5
OUTSIDE SECURITY & PARKING CONTROL
5 CPO's
55 SAILORS
MEDICAL FACILITIES
* ANNE ARUNDEL GENERAL HOSPITAL (ANNAPOLIS)
EMERGENCY ROOM WITH FULL FACILITIES
* SHOCK TRAUMA UNIT UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL (BALTIMORE)
EMERGENCY ROOM WITH FULL FACILITIES
* NAVAL MEDICAL CLINIC (ACADEMY)
TREATMENT ROOMS WITH LIMITED FACILITIES
* BRANCH CLINIC (BANCROFT HALL)
TREATMENT ROOMS WITH LIMITED FACILITIES
* NAVAL ACADEMY FIRE DEPARTMENT AMBULANCE
TWO EMERGENCY MEDICAL TECHNICIANS
1 rident
January 31, 1992
3
BRIGADE
For midshipmen
the career choice is now!
By Tami Terella
Trident Staff
Service Selection is probably the most anxiously
awaited event in the life of a graduating
midshipman. It is every bit as important as
graduation itself.
After four years of intense indoctrination and
exposure to the available service options, the time is
here to make the choice. By now seniors know what
they want. Some want to fly, others want to be
leaders in the Marine Corps and still others see
submarines and nuclear power or the surface Navy
in their career sights. Graduation may still be
months away, but making a career choice is now!
Next Tuesday, Feb. 4, the members of the Class
of 1992 face these critical career decisions
concerning their future in the Navy or Marine
Corps. They stand in possibly the longest and most
important line of their service careers.
Marine Lt. Col. Chuck Peterson, service selection
coordinator, and his staff will begin lining up first
class midshipmen in the commandant's conference
room in Bancroft Hall at 3:30 p.m. on Tuesday.
"They'll come into the room in Order of Merit,"
Peterson explained. "We usually line them up in
service selection.
Commandant of Midshipmen, Capt. Michael D. Haskins, congratulates midshipmen during Naval last Academy year's photo
blocks of 25, but they'll make their selections
individually. We verify that each person is medically
until they complete flight training and go through a
similar selection routine.
Special Operations has spaces available for eight
qualified and if required, has also been screened by
Midshipmen also choose where they will serve
men and two women, but the Navy SEALS program
the particular service community for that choice."
only has positions available for men. Peterson said
If everything is in order, the midshipman makes
their temporary duty assignments while waiting for
his or her choice and is provided with a selection
class convening dates for the school in their warfare
there are 10 billets available in the SEAL program.
Mids selecting the general unrestricted line field
receipt. Hopefully there was a billet open in the
specialty. Many stay on at the academy as junior
can choose from 34 billets for women and two for
community of first choice. If not, the midshipman
officer instructors or assist in summer training or
men.
chooses a suitable alternative.
academic programs.
"The academy has an annual limit of 15
When the midshipman leaves the conference
Midshipmen electing to go the Marine Corps
route will normally request a particular Basic School
graduates who can become doctors," Peterson said.
room, there are more decisions to make. These
decisions are also very exciting for the midshipman.
class date, as well as a specialty within the Corps.
"They will go to either a combined services medical
school after the academy or a civilian medical
"If someone chooses to become a surface line
While midshipmen select the párticular field they
officer, they must also decide on which ship they
are interested in, Order of Merit determines what
school. Other areas like cryptology, intelligence,
type of service they will ultimately get. The
supply and civil engineering corps include positions
will serve," said Peterson. "The individual must go
determination of a mid's Order of Merit is based on
for both men and women. Supply is the largest, with
to where surface line representatives have set up a
25 spots for men and 12 for women."
display and select both a ship and a home port."
academic, professional and military performance.
The Marine Corps accesses its people a bit
By the end of the process, each mid selecting
"About 65 to 75 percent of service selection is
differently, according to Peterson. "All Marine
surface line will know his or her ship assignment,
determined by the midshipman's academic
the class convening date for surface warfare school
performance," said Peterson. "The rest is
billets are unrestricted line. You must be qualified
medically to become a Marine pilot or flight officer.
and the ship's home port.
determined by performance in the other professional
Other than that, the only limitation is in the
Midshipmen going into other service
areas."
Another important factor of career choice is
numbers. One-sixth of the academy's graduating
communities face similar decisions. When choosing
simply the number of billets or spaces available in a
class can be commissioned into the Corps."
aviation, mids obtain their flight training class date.
They will not be able to pick the type of aircraft
particular area. These raw numbers, eventually filled
Peterson chose the Marine Corps aviation
by the eager graduating mids, are sent to the
program as a 1973 graduate of the Naval Academy.
academy from the Navy's Bureau of Personnel.
"I always wanted to fly," said Peterson. "So for me it
"We can expect that about 900 graduates from
was a matter of determining whether I wanted to be
the Class of 1992 will go Navy, with about 120
a Marine pilot or a Navy pilot. I felt a little closer to
graduates selecting the Marine Corps," said
the institution that the Marine Corps represents. So,
Peterson.
for me, the Marine Corps was really the best of both
What about the military cutbacks from Congress?
worlds. It allowed me to do the things I wanted to do
"The only direct impact cuts have had this year is in
in terms of flying airplanes, and it also allowed me to
the number of pilot slots available to the graduating
be a part of what I believe is the best fighting
organization in the world."
class,' said Peterson. "Although we have more pilot
billets this year than last, there have been some cuts
Peterson feels he was lucky to get his first choice
in the Navy's pilot-training pipeline overall."
of a career in aviation and points out that because of
There are currently 214 pilot billets available to
limited space or other limits on qualifications, some
midshipmen may not receive their first choice.
men and 16 to women in naval aviation. For naval
flight officer billets (non-pilots), there are 109 spaces
Peterson and his staff understand this and try to help
every midshipman make the best choice.
available for men and five for women. In the Marine
Corps aviation program, there are 33 pilot and five
"We began providing graduating midshipmen
NFO slots open for men.
with information about all of the fields that might be
In the submarine and surface warfare
of interest to them as early as September. This way
they can make an informed decision about what they
communities, there are no limits on the positions
want to do when they graduate. We make an effort
available for Naval Academy graduates. "There isn't
to give the mids their first choice. If that's not
a limit put on nuclear accessions for academy
possible, there are other opportunities for
graduates - going either surface or submarine. The
midshipmen to make an alternative selection.
same is true for line officers," Peterson commented.
But he adds that there are other limitations for
"It's a fairly clean process. If your Order of Merit
does not allow you to fill an aviation billet, for
women of the Class of '92. "Women cannot select
Naval Academy photo
example, we tell the mids to do a good job in the
A midshipman tries on a bomber-style jacket sym-
submarines or surface nuclear vessels. Women can
fleet and then try to transfer to aviation some time
bolizing his successful election of aviation training.
go on conventional ships, and there are 20 spaces
available to women in the graduating class."
later - if that's what they want to do. People who
have that kind of determination will get there."
17
Proceedings March 1992
"All Officers Should Compete
Once selected for either a service
eliminate the regular-commission option
for Regular Commissions"
academy or an ROTC scholarship, all
may not only adversely affect NROTC
newly appointed midshipmen and cadets
scholarship applications and retention, but
(See S. Nunn. p. 32, February 1992
are expected to dedicate themselves right
also would remove a positive incentive
Proceedings)
then to unselfish and honorable service
for non-scholarship students.
Rear Admiral Thomas C. Lynch, U.S.
to our nation. This personal dedication
Beyond the issue of fairness and eq-
Navy, Superintendent, U.S. Naval
cannot wait until commissioning. for
uity in commissioning policy, the more
Academy-Senator Nunn provided the
without this dedication. satisfactory com-
critical issue of career motivation must
congressional rationale for recent legis-
pletion of these rigorous commissioning
be addressed. As a nation, we have
lation directing that all military officers
programs is most unlikely. The intensity
asked these young men and women to
be initially appointed as reserve officers
of competition within these programs is
dedicate and obligate themselves to un-
beginning in October 1996. According to
reflected in more than 25% attrition rates
selfish service in our nation's defense.
Senator Nunn, the issue is one of fairness
at the service academies and within the
Many have committed themselves to a
and equity; all military officers recognize
various ROTC units.
career of military service. To now deny
from the first day they enter an officer-
Upon completion of a service academy
dedicated academy and ROTC graduates
training program that competition is a
program each midshipman or cadet re-
regular commissions implies (in light of
healthy and an integral part of a profes-
ceives a bachelor's degree, a five- or six-
their reserve commissions) uncertainty
sional, combat-effective officer corps.
year service obligation, and a regular
about their career potential. This will un-
On the issues of fairness, equity, and
commission. This service obligation ex-
dercut significantly the confidence and
competition I am in complete agreement
ceeds the obligation from any other of-
career motivation of these newly com-
with Senator Nunn. I differ. however, in
ficer accession source. In the past. the
missioned officers.
determining the point where these factors
service academy graduate's regular com-
come into play. Senator Nunn's implied
mission served as partial compensation
Demonstrated fleet performance is the
final determinant. All services have ample
position-that competition begins at com-
for the longer term of required service.
missioning-ignores what has occurred
Without this compensation. how will this
opportunities now, through selection and
in the officer training and development
disparity in service obligation be viewed
promotion boards, to ensure that only the
program. I believe competition and the
on the scale of fairness and equity? Fur-
best performers achieve positions of in-
entwined issues of fairness and equity
thermore and perhaps more significantly.
creased trust and responsibility, regard-
begin, not at commissioning. but more
what effect will the reserve commission
less of the commissioning source or level.
appropriately upon initial entry into an
have on the quality and quantity of fu-
The current system of awarding regular
officer accession program.
ture military service-academy applicants?
and reserve commissions has served our
Elimination of direct regular commis-
armed forces and our nation well.
All military service academies and
their Reserve Officer Training Corps
sions is not only a service academy-re-
The high-quality mixture of reserve
(ROTC) counterparts receive applicants
lated issue, but also could adversely af-
and regular officers currently serving in
from among the best and brightest young
fect the quality and performance within
our armed forces is superb in every re-
men and women our country can provide.
the ROTC program. At present, the Navy
spect. as proved by their superior per-
grants both regular and reserve commis-
formance in Desert Storm and Desert
Competition for either an appointment to
a service academy or an ROTC scholar-
sions to NROTC graduates. All NROTC
Shield. To alter this system without a full
ship is keen. Congress itself plays a sig-
scholarship students receive regular com-
examination of both the short- and long-
nificant role in this initial competition by
missions. In addition. those non-schol-
term effects of such a change does not
screening. evaluating. and nominating
arship NROTC graduates who excel
seem prudent. Many questions concern-
to the service academies only those whom
through demonstrated self-discipline, mo-
ing the impact of this decision remain
they believe to be most deserving.
tivation, and professional drive are des-
unanswered. I strongly encourage our pol-
Congress further controls this competi-
ignated Distinguished Naval Graduates
icy makers in Congress to conduct hear-
tion by legislating the size and required
and also are granted regular commissions.
ings that will address all aspects of this
service obligations of both the academies
In 1991, 88.9% of all NROTC gradu-
critical issue.
and the ROTC programs.
ates received regular commissions. To
POSSIBLE FEATURE IDEA
Class of '92
The Katcharian family of Fairfax, Va., has a unique relationship with the U.S. Naval
Academy. When Noel Heather (known as "Heather") graduates this year with the Class of 1992,
she will be the third Katcharian daughter to graduate from the academy.
Mr. Leon Katcharian is a first generation American - his family came from Armenia.
He graduated from the Coast Guard Academy in 1961 and met his wife, a native of Spain, when
he was stationed overseas. Mr. Katcharian is now retired from the Coast Guard and employed
by the National Transportation Safety Board in Washington. Throughout his career, the family
lived in New York City, St. Louis and Minnesota.
The daughters all graduated from W.T. Woodson High School in Fairfax. Hope
Katcharian graduated from the Naval Academy in 1988, went into the Civil Engineering Corps,
spent two years in Spain and is now a construction battalion Officer-in-Charge in Jacksonville,
Florida. Ann Marie graduated from the academy in 1990 and is now a supply officer in Spain.
After Heather graduates this month, she will prepare to go to supply school in August.
The Katcharians will have a family reunion at this year's Commissioning ceremony.
Hope and Ann Marie have made plans to come to Annapolis for the occasion.
COMMUNITY SERVICE
The entire brigade of midshipmen participates in various community
service projects throughout the year. Many graduates are involved
in these projects. Among the community service projects that the
mids volunteered for this year are:
- Habitat for Humanity
- Special Olympics
- Thanksgiving food drive
- Greenscape (clean up of area parks, schools and
churches)
- Eagle Scout Jamboree
- Mids for Kids (mids volunteer as tutors, mentors and
role models for area school children)
TRIDENT
Serving the Annapolis-area Navy community
Vol. 2, No. 1
Annapolis, Maryland
January 10, 1992
Academy reflects on '91 as New Year begins
By Leo Mehalic
Trident Editor
The year 1991 was possibly the most significant in
TRIDE Special Graduation Issue
world history during this century. Many changes
TRIDENT
TRIDENT Special Fourth Class Weekend
I
occurred and major events took place that literally
/
Nevy
Annapolis, Maryland
No.
Maryland
changed geographical boundaries as well as the
atmosphere of the world.
Academy honors Annapolis, Persian Maryland Gulf September 1991
plief' of Parents' Weekend August 16,
1991
The easing of tensions between world powers, the
Inside:
release of western hostages held in Lebanon and the
il
collapse of Communism in the Soviet Union and
Eastern Bloc countries brought new hope, and great
Class of reflects
expectations, as well as many new question.
on changes the Yard
TRIDENT
13,
1991
I
The Naval Academy also felt the effects of
it
change over the past year, beginning with the
command's first newspaper - Trident - which
began publication in 1991. Other significant events
in this year's scrapbook include:
TRIDE]
Mule We capture 49 said 'it could Annepolis, be done Maryland in '91' - and did
The bombing of Baghdad, Iraq, on Jan. 16,
Parade season TRIDENT Annapolis, begins Maryland Wednesday - March
/
I
1991, focused everyone's attention on the war in the
Middle East. Many academy graduates took part in
the conflict which ended on Feb. 27, following a
Vol. Bob Hope Performing Annapolis. Arts Maryland Center dedi
ground war that lasted only 100 hours. The nation
gave returning troops the largest homecoming
celebration in decades.
President George Bush and Joint Chiefs
Chairman Gen. Colin Powell visited when it was
announced the academy was a "Point of Light.'
Special First Anniversary Issue
Midshipmen volunteerism, in particular the action of
OK
the black midshipmen's study group, were cited.
TRIDENT
Midshipman Juliane Gallina became the first
female brigade commander in the academy's history,
TRIDEN
locals
recall
vivid
memories
of
Pearl
Harbor
and weathered well the attendant media blitz.
Mids,
grads,
Os
I
Naval Academy Graduation brought Army Gen.
H. Norman Schwarzkopf, former Commander of
Allied Forces in the Gulf, in to "meet Navy."
TRIDENT colebrates / birthday 1991
Rear Adm. Thomas C. Lynch returned to his
alma mater in June, as the Naval Academy's 54th
The colors to Parada John
superintendent, replacing Rear Adm. Virgil L. Hill
Nary's
Jr.
'It can be done in 1991'
Midshipmen Summer Cruise began with a story
Mark
Academy
I
of its own, as two midshipmen were commended for
1992)
saving a fellow shipmate's life during an Atlantic YP
Durector
5
cruise.
ins
The Fall of 1991 brought the USO's most
-
beloved entertainer to the academy's newest
Inside:
complex. Bob Hope was honored and performed at
Giving
Alumni Hall during the gala dedication weekend.
The Bob Hope Performing Arts Center was
dedicated in Mr. Hope's honor.
Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney spoke in the
Operation Desert Storm, distinguished visitors and Naval Academy academic, sports and extracurricu-
first Forrestal Lecture held in Alumni Hall after its
lar activities transformed 1991 into an exciting and challenging year.
dedication.
Patriot Games was filmed at the academy with
actor Harrison Ford playing the role of Naval
Academy History Professor Jack Ryan.
Inside:
Victory in Philadelphia was celebrated as Navy
beat Army 24-3. The trouncing began during the
highly-spirited Army-Navy week as midshipmen
"special forces" captured the four Army mules and
New brigade leaders
Heroic mids
Staubach at Forrestal
the Corps of Cadets leader, Cadet Omar Jones. The
p.3
p.4
p.6
victory was a sweet end to 1991, an unforgettable
year in many respects.
FACTS
ACIENTIA
United States Naval Academy
Annapolis, MD 21402-5000
(301) 267-2291
Contact: Cdr. Mike John
Ms. Carol Feldmann
The school:
Founded as the Naval School in 1845, the United States Naval Academy
today is a four-year service academy which prepares midshipmen morally,
mentally and physically to be professional officers in the naval service.
The academy is set on 338 acres between the south bank of the Severn
Location:
River and historic downtown Annapolis, the state capital of Maryland.
Annapolis is 33 miles east of Washington, D.C., and 30 miles southeast of
Baltimore.
Bob Bedication? Bldg.
The Yard, as the campus is called, features tree-lined brick walks, French
Renaissance and contemporary architecture and scenic vistas of the
Chesapcake Bay. The Bancroft Hall dormitory complex, The Cathedral of
Campus:
the Navy, and other 80-year-old buildings make the academy a National
Historic Site. New facilities such as the multi-purpose Brigade Activity
Center, 580,000-volume Nimitz Library, Rickover Hall engineering
complex, and Hendrix Oceanography Laboratory give the academy
ultra-modern educational resources.
About 4,300 men and women represent every state in the U.S. and several
Students:
foreign countries.
The 650-member Naval Academy faculty is an integrated group of military
Faculty:
and civilian instructors in approximately equal numbers. The
student-faculty ratio is low, with class sizes ranging from 10 to 22 students.
In addition to a core curriculum of academic and professional courses,
Academics:
majors are offered in 18 subject areas: cight in engineering, six in science,
mathematics and computer science; and four in the humanities and social
sciences.
Subjects such as small arms, drill, scamanship and navigation, tactics,
naval engineering, naval weapons, leadership and military law are learned
Professional training:
during the four-year program. In addition, midshipmen train at naval
bases and in ships of the fleet during part of each summer.
Midshipmen can choose from 23 men's and 10 women's intercollegiate
Athletics:
varsity sports, 23 intramural sports and 12 club sports.
Extracurricular
More than 100 extracurricular activities are offered in areas ranging from
activities:
music and drama to parachuting and scuba diving.
Bachelor of science degrees specifying a major field are awarded to
midshipmen upon graduation in May. They arc commissioned as ensigns
Graduation:
in the U.S. Navy or second licutenants in the U.S. Marine Corps and begin
at least five years of exciting and rewarding service as naval officers.
04/17/91
16:27
301 267 3133
USNA PAO
002
FACTS
United States Naval Academy
Annapolis, MD 21402-5000
(301) 267-2291
MIDSHIPMEN'S COMMUNITY SERVICE
Big Brothers/Big Sisters. For more than 20 years, midshipmen have voluntcered with children
from 8-14 years old who have only one parent.
Friends of Parks. Midshipmen routinely help Friends of the Parks, a committee of private
citizens and businesses working with the City of Annapolis to maintain and build parks and paths
for the people of Annapolis.
Habitat for Humanity. Working with the Habitat for Humanity, midshipmen help to build homes
for poor families.
Special Olympics. Midshipmen work with the Annapolis Jaycees to sponsor the Special
Olympics, a year-round, world-wide program, offering athletic competition for the mentally
handicapped.
Hanging of the greens. Again working with the Annapolis Jaycees, midshipmen help with the
hanging of the greens that brighten the downtown area for Christmas holidays.
"Mids for Kids" and adopting schools. More than 800 midshipmen have volunteered to tutor
students in local clementary and middle schools through "Mids for Kids." Among the schools
participating are Rolling Knolls, Severna Park, Hillsmere, Gcorgetown East, West Annapolis,
Tyler Heights, Annapolis, and Germantown Elementary Schools; Naval Academy Primary School;
Central and Southern Middle Schools; and St. Mary's Elementary and Middle School. Thirteen
academy companies (groups of about 120 midshipmen) have "adopted" schools.
Math Tutorial for Benjamin Banneker Middle School. Midshipmen volunteers participate in a
mathematics tutorial program for Montgomery County students. Every other Saturday during the
school year, more than a dozen students from the school come to the academy, where they are
tutored in mathematics by the midshipmen and sometimes are treated to lunch in King Hall, the
midshipmen's dining area.
Draketail. A community project with Anne Arundel County School students to build a Chesapeake
Bay Oyster boat includes more than 150 midshipmen volunteers who serve as mentors to the
student boat-builders.
Blood drives. Each Tuesday, midshipmen bleed for the Navy's blood bank. Midshipmen also
donate blood through the American Red Cross.
Thanksgiving. For Thanksgiving 1990, midshipmen collected approximately 1,100 boxes of food to
give to the area's needy families, up from 170 boxes the year before. In 1991 the Chaplain Center,
which coordinated the effort, hopes to double the number of boxes.
Special requests. Shawn Burton, a 12-year-old leukcmia patient who wanted to be a
midshipman, visited the academy in November 1990. After a standing ovation by the midshipmen
in the dining hall who applauded his courage, Shawn was given a Navy bathrobe and the jersey
of Navy's quarterback. The Class of 1991 has selected Shawn to be this year's honorary graduate.
Combined Federal Campaign. With a brigade goal of $115,000, midshipmen gave more than
$168,000 to the CFC in December 1990. 98% of the brigade participated in the record-breaking
collection.
PAO-0088
1991
002
04/18/91
07:58
301 267 2303
Other Examples of Midshipmen Community Service:
For more than 20 years, midshipmen have volunteered to spend
time with children 8 to 14 years old who have only one parent.
Midshipmen are highly active in a venture with the city to
maintain and build parks and paths for the people of
Annapolis.
Volunteers have helped build homes for poor families.
Help brighten downtown area during Christmas holidays by
hanging decorations or greens.
More than 800 midshipmen have volunteered to tutor students in
local elementary and middle schools. Thirteen academy
companies have "adopted" schools.
Each Tuesday, midshipmen donate blood to the Navy's blood
bank.
During Thanksgiving 1990, approximately 1100 boxes of food
were collected by the midshipmen and distributed to the area's
needy families.
Shawn Burton, a 12 year old leukemia patient who wanted to be
a midshipman, visited the Naval Academy in November 1990.
After a standing ovation by the midshipmen in the dining hall
who applauded his courage, Shawn was given a Navy bathrobe and
the jersey of Navy's quarterback. The Class of 1991 has
selected Shawn to be this years honorary graduate.
With a Brigade goal of $115,000, midshipmen gave more than
$168,000 in 1990's annual charitable contributions drive.
Army Navy
#230
December 10, 1991
Media Contacts:
Phones (for all contacts):
Martha Thorn (print)
(410) 267-2291
Lt. Kelly Merrell, USN (radio and TV)
(301) 261-2261 (D.C. Metro area)
(410) 267-6100 (after hours)
NAVY WINS!
ANNAPOLIS, Md. -- Victory went to Navy both on and off the field as the
U.S. Naval Academy won the Army-Navy football game 24-3 on Dec. 7, the 50th
anniversary of Pearl Harbor.
Navy also won in the traditional good-natured pranks leading up to the
Army-Navy game. Naval Academy midshipmen bombed the West Point noon meal
formation with almost 2,000 pingpong balls, captured the first captain of the
Corps of Cadets and the coup de grace, kidnapped all four Army mules (a first in
Army-Navy game history).
Each year the rivalry between the two schools is intense as each tries
to capture the other's mascot and outdo the other in pranks. But this year Navy
pulled out all stops.
Reconnaissance missions; watching for the authorities while negotiating
winding, twisting roads; impersonating Army soldiers
....
it all sounds like
part of a spy thriller. Yet, 17 U.S. Naval Academy midshipmen spent a year
planning to capture an Army mule and their meticulous planning paid off when
they captured not one but all four Army mules. They started their planning
after last year's Navy game. Dan Barchi, the brigade commander at the time,
more
NAVY WINS! 2222
came up with the idea and it was handed down to Midshipman 1st Class Shawn
Callahan, who got Midshipman 1st Class Chris Middleton involved in the planning.
Over time, 15 more midshipmen were added to the team.
Dressed as tourists, the group went on reconnaissance missions to West
Point where they took video and still pictures of various alarm-secured areas
and began developing maps of the area.
Their first attempted mule-napping before Thanksgiving was aborted.
The midshipmen rescheduled the mission for the week before the Army-Navy game, a
week when such kidnapping attempts are expected.
"That made our job more difficult because they were watching for
something like this," Middleton said.
Divided into two assault teams and one mule-handling team, the
midshipmen developed a plan right out of a "Dirty Dozen" movie. The midshipmen
synchronized watches, assigned duties and timed the completion of each task down
to the minute.
They entered the Army compound at 9:20 a.m. Posing as a feed delivery
team and Army military police, they surprised three guards and fooled six other
workers. Dressed as a military policeman, Midshipman Martin Howell told the
workers, "We're doing a security check because Navy is trying to steal the
mules." By 9:24 a.m., they were gathering Army booty such as the black knight
helmet, saddles and bridles. At 9:28 a.m., they radioed for the truck to pick
them up at the site and 2 1/2 minutes later they were on their way out of the
compound. The only problem came when they exited the Army gates. By that time,
the alert was out.
more
NAVY WINS!
3333
Aiding the midshipmen in their efforts was Weir "Tennessee" Denton.
This 76-year old farmer from the Annapolis area had joined the mission for very
personal reasons -- he been on watch at the academy's Dairy Farm 37 years ago
when the goat was stolen.
"He never forgot that," said Middleton.
Denton, who keeps three mules at his farm, taught Midshipman 1st Class
David "J.R." Anderson to handle mules during. a three-month training period. He
also drove to West Point twice with his four-horse trailer and, when the second
attempt was successful, he brought the four mules back to Annapolis.
The midshipmen continued to allude their West Point pursuers on the
long journey back to Annapolis. The chase didn't end until the midshipmen
entered the gates of the Naval Academy where they were apprehended and released
by Department of Defense security police. They received a police escort to the
Army-Navy pep rally last Thursday where the mules were triumphantly paraded.
On the Friday preceding the game the midshipmen presented the mules for
a media "photo opportunity" in Tecumseh Court, the large courtyard in front of
the midshipmen dormitory.
In return for his help, Naval Academy Superintendent Rear Adm. Thomas
Lynch invited Weir to sit with him on the 50-yard line during the Navy victory
Saturday.
As for the midshipmen, they received a heroes' welcome. Commandant of
Midshipmen Michael D. Haskins cited 10 midshipmen for their efforts as part of
the reconnaissance team, 15 midshipmen for their part in actually taking the
more
NAVY WINS!
4444
mule and Midshipmen Callahan and Middleton for conceiving the plan and leading
the way. The commandant praised the midshipmen that captured the mules for
"enduring subfreezing outdoor temperatures while engaging specially trained
security personnel, multiple layers of electronic and mechanical physical
security and just plain outsmarting the opposition." All were inducted into
"The Order of the Mule."
Callahan's assault team included Midshipmen Elizabeth B. Ravndal,
Stephen Moody, Monroe Martin Howell II, William J. Wiseman IV, Leif E. Mollo and
Joseph R. Schuyler. Middleton led a second assault team including Craig L.
Slack, Beau D. Laskey, David D. Rudko, Kurt M. McClung and Brett G. Odom. While
these two groups led the assault, another group of midshipmen, led by J.R.
Anderson, captured the mules. The "mule handlers" included John Cody Allee,
George P. Botoulas and Damien R. Christopher.
Will the mules ever be captured again? "Never again," these midshipmen
say. "At least not in another 20 years. The cadets will have the area too
closely guarded. They wouldn't let this happen twice."
Knowing that it probably won't happen again hasn't dampened the
enthusiasm of these midshipmen. Beating Army means a winning season, and
they're savoring their victories
one if you count the football game; two if
you count the mule kidnapping; three, the taking of the 1st captain of the Corps
of Cadets; and four, the bombing of Army's noon meal formation with almost 2,000
blue and gold pingpong balls and another 2,000 "Go Navy, Beat Army" flyers.
What's the outlook for next year? More top secret plans as midshipmen
and Naval Academy alumni rev up to
BEAT ARMY (again)!
United States Naval Academy
NEWS
Apr. 28, 1992
Prepared by the Public Affairs Office to inform key personnel of news about the academy and its personnèl. Reproduction of these articles docs not
reflect official endorsement. Further reproduction for private use is subject to original copyright restrictions; SECNAVINST.44A applies.
TUESDAY
THE SUN
APRIL 28, 1992
Great Mule Caper
detailed, finally
Mids nabbed 4 Army mascots on eve of big game
crimes: misappropriation of govern-
By Robert A. Erlandson
ment property. grand theft mule."
Staff Writer
chuckled Midshipman 1st Class
Chris Middleton of Laurel, a planner
ANNAPOLIS - When they dis-
and leader of the foray.
guised themselves as soldiers and
The raiders' luck held, though.
executed a daring commando-style
The academy's duty officer rode to
raid on the enemy stronghold, 17
the rescue, ordering the cops to take
Naval Academy seniors risked their
the mids and their four-legged tro-
careers - and perhaps even fail -
phies to a jubilant pregame pep rally.
to make their mark in the Class of
Two days later Navy's football team
'92.
added injury to insult by winning the
They assured their place in acad-
game, 24-3. for its only victory of the
emy lore as the fabled guys who stole
season.
the mules.
The raiders became the heroes of
These weren't just any mules.
Annapolis. The embarrassed Army
They were the four Army mascots,
never pressed charges. And the com-
and the foray. slashing like a cutlass
mandant of midshipmen even creat-
into the heart of West Point, was on
ed a unique honor for them: "The
the eve of the 101st Army-Navy
Order of the Mule," certifying their
game.
exploit to be "in the highest tradi-
The Army reacted furlously.
tions of the naval service."
launching an interstate manhunt
Although the Great Mule Caper
that ended that night at the Naval
was reported at the time, only now
Academy gates, where Defense De-
are the mids able to talk about it
partment security agents ambushed
publicly. a group of them said in An-
the mule-nappers and tried to take
the animals back to West Point.
See MULES, 4A. Col. 1
"They were accusing us of federal
Superintendent
Library Reference Desk, 10A
Commandant
Executive Director, Alumni Assoc., 1H
Deputy Commandant
Dean of Admissions/CGO, 17A
Academic Dean and Provost, IC
Director of Athletics 4D
Chief of Staff, ACOS Operations, SJAG, 1B
Director, Sports Information, 4D
Deputy for Management, ID
Director, Professional Development, 7A
Supply Officer, 20A
Brigade CDR, 3A
Comptroller, 20F
PAO(5)
Now it can be told: Midshipmen "mule-napped'
Army's mascots on eve of game
MULES, from 1A
mule tender changed the feeding
bridled the four mules and were
time. Then Army tightened security
loading them into a waiting horse
napolis last week.
after word leaked that Navy was
van.
Here Is their story. a tale of rival-
planning to steal the mules. Time
Then. at the last minute, fortune
ry. revenge and military planning
was running out.
frowned.
that has a generation of future admi-
Mr. Middleton recruited a new,
The last raiders were leaving
rals chuckling:
smaller group of seniors, devoted vol-
when one of the "prisoners," a 6-
The mule raid, a year in the mak-
unteers who will enter special train-
foot-3-inch Ranger sergeant, shat-
Ing. was conceived by members of
ing after graduation May 26 as pl-
tered a window and rolled outside,
the Class of 1991 after the 1990 Ar-
lots. Marines or members of the
shouting an alarm, the midshipmen
my-Navy game and passed along to
SEALS, the Navy's elite commando
said.
the incoming seniors for execution.
unit.
One soldier tried to block the last
"They've come down and taken
At a motel near West Point. the
fleeing Navy car, then leaped into his
Navy's goats many times," said Mid-
mids disguised themselves as Army
own car for a brief high-speed chase
shipman 1st Class Bill Wiseman of
Military Police and soldiers. Plaster-
to the West Point gate, they said. The
Cockeysville, the other Marylander
ing their vehicles with "Beat Navy"
fugitives evaded the gate guards -
in the group. "But the goats are on a
stickers, they checked their radios,
but the guards got the tag number of
farm 20 miles from here. There's on-
synchronized watches and drove un-
the last car.
ly a farmer there, so the cadets cut a
challenged to the veterinary office
"If that hadn't happened. they
lock and take a goat. No big deal."
and stables.
never would have caught us because
The Army mules were a different
But instead of a lone mule tender
no one had seen any of the vehicles."
story. however. Locked in a veteri-
on a quiet Thursday morning. the
said Midshipman 1st Class Dave
nary compound at West Point. they
raiders found several soldiers and a
Rudko of Long Island.
were surrounded by guards in the
civilian employee. Improvising quick-
Meanwhile. the van with the
heart of a military complex that also
ly. the invaders "subdued and re-
mules embarked on a route known
serves as a federal silver repository.
strained" the people. Mr. Middleton
only to the men with them. "We
"No one ever did It before. and I
said. In layman's language, that
didn't want anyone else to know. so
don't think anyone will get the
means they were bound with plastic
that If we were caught we couldn't
mules again." Mr. Middleton said.
handcuffs and gagged.
teil." Mr. Rudko said.
"We penetrated right into West
Meantime, elsewhere in the build-
The Army scrambled three hell-
Point.
ing. a midshipman disguised as an
copters to search for the mules. the
Disguised as tourists, midship-
MP was conning another group of
midshipmen said. State police were
men reconnoltered West Point. 50
employees into believing the raiders
alerted and stationed at New Jersey
miles north of New York City. taking
were Army security men checking
Turnpike toll booths. Defense De-
video and still photographs to devise
reports of an attempted Navy incur-
partment security police gathered at
entrance and escape routes.
sion.
Naval Academy gates.
An initial attempt to steal the
Outside. using molasses-sweet-
But the mids with the mules. an-
mules at Thanksgiving falled when a
ened feed as a lure. the mids had
ticipating pursuit. took evasive ac-
(Cont'd)
(Cont'd)
tion.
rary command of the naval station.
Instead of heading south from
Taking in the scene. she ordered
in Annapolis. Cadets finally caught
West Point. the shortest way. they
the 1,000-pound animals - after a
the agents to release the midship-
drove north to Albany. There, they
men and escort them - and the
chase around a big field because the
turned southwest to Scranton. Pa.,
mids had turned the mules loose.
mules - to the waiting pep rally.
then followed a roundabout route
where all hands received a trium-
The big week ended the next day,
south through Pennsylvania to the
phant welcome, Mr. Middleton said.
Dec. 7. when Navy's football team
academy dairy farm outside Annap-
"They were humiliated. they went
clobbered Army 24-3 - its only win
olis, where the mules were fed and
from arresting criminals to escorting
of the season - as the Brigade of
watered.
heroes," Mr. Wiseman chortled.
Midshipmen chanted "We stole your
From there they linked up with
Meanwhile. Navy brass, who
mules" at the crestfallen cadets rid-
the other raiders for the final dash
knew a plan was afoot to steal the
ing their recovered mascots around
for the pep rally and glory for the
mules, were concerned as phone
Philadelphia's Veterans Stadium.
Class of '92.
lines burned between West Point
It took until February to settle the
The young men laugh now as
and Annapolis with Army allega-
dispute over the incident. including
they describe the surreal scene at
tions of what the midshipmen had
the threat of possible charges. said
the academy's back gate that night.
done, Mr. Middleton said. It took the
Mr. Middleton. who then published
but they were scared at the time.
mids a while to explain.
an account in the campus magazine,
The mule convoy reached the gate
the Log.
"We didn't get to debrief the admi-
about 7:15 p.m. Suddenly, lights
Although the incident still
ral [Superintendent Thomas Lynch]
flashed and police cars roared out of
until 9:30 p.m. Once he heard our
smarts, West Point spokesman Ray
the darkness. Defense Department
Aalbue credited the sailors with ex-
side of the story. he believed us. The
agents hauled the midshipmen from
Army had given him bad Informa-
cellent planning and execution.
their vehicles and spread-eagled
tion," the midshipman said.
"Their ingenuity was incredible.
them against a baseball backstop,
"We didn't hurt anyone and we
They flat caught us." he said.
the mids said.
compensated for everything we did."
The mules are very important to
"They dragged us out and treated
Mr. Middleton said. "We took along
West Point: we were very concerned
us like criminals." said Mr. Rudko.
new locks to replace what we cut
about them being taken." he said.
But fortune's smile returned,
and we paid that big sergeant for
Security has been tightened. "so they
probably as a big grin.
ripping his uniform."
won't do it again," Mr. Aalbue said.
Mr. Wiseman, who had driven
The testimony of a commissioned
Both sides agree that the mules
through the gate before the trap was
officer who went along - just in
likely won't be snatched again. at
sprung. sped across campus to alert
case - also helped, he said.
least not for many years.
Lt. Angela Smith. the command duty
On Friday. tension mounted as
"We'll get "em next year. Army
officer.
game day neared. Army demanded
will avenge its loss on the field and
As duty officer, Lieutenant Smith,
that the mules be returned to West
tradition will march on," said Mr.
who captained Navy's 1983 wom-
Aalbue. That, he added, leaves the
Point. Navy demurred, telling the ca-
en's basketball team, was in tempo-
dets they could collect their mascots
door of retaliation "as wide open as I
can leave it."
BY MDSHIPMAN JOHN CODY ALLEE
Capt. Anthony Watson (left), Midshipmen Chris Middleton of Laurel
and Bill Wiseman of Cockeysville (right) are shown with a mule.
Extended Page
(3) Pachage invote you dy
COMMISSIONING WEEK TRADITIONS
Plebe Recognition Ceremony: Herndon Climb
The firing of cannons signals the start of the race to climb the 21-foot obelisk, Herndon Monument, in
front of the Chapel. The plebes manage, through teamwork and perseverance, to raise one of their
classmates to the top of the lard-covered monument to retrieve a white plebe "dixie cup" hat and replace
it with an upperclassman's hat.
By throwing t-shirts and shoes, plebes remove some of the 200 pounds of lard smeared on the monument
by sophomores, who remember how hard it was for them last year and try to make it equally hard for
this year's class. The plebes then begin to build a greasy, sweaty human pyramid to give a class member
the platform to reach a hand to the top of the monument for the exchange of hats.
According to legend, the midshipman who switches the hat will be the first member of the class to
become an admiral. The superintendent of the Naval Academy presents the successful midshipman with
one of his shoulder boards mounted on a plaque. After successfully completing the Herndon climb, the
freshmen are no longer called plebes but "fourth classmen."
Like all academy traditions, the Herndon Monument climb has evolved over the years. The exact date
when the celebration began is not known, but it seems to have originated following a graduation
ceremony as an exuberant rush of new youngsters (sophomores) to cavort on Lover's Lane in the vicinity
of Herndon, which had been off limits to them while they were plebes.
Herndon Monument was erected in memory of Cmdr. William Lewis Herndon, who elected to go down
with his ship, SS Central America, when she sank in 1857.
Previous times for making the Herndon climb are;
1962 - 3 minutes (first recorded time)
1969 - 1 minute, 30 seconds (fastest time to date)
1981 - 1 hour
1982 - 1 hour, 44 minutes
1983 - 1 hour, 43 minutes, 55 seconds
1984 - 2 hours, 22 minutes
1985 - 3 hours, 12 minutes, 23 seconds (longest time to date)
1986 - 1 hour, 23 minutes, 7 seconds
1987 - 1 hour, 51 minutes, 20 seconds
1988 - 43 minutes, 44 seconds
1989 - 1 hour, 51 minutes, 30 seconds
1990 - 1 hour, 34 minutes, 50 seconds
1991 - 2 hours, 36 minutes, 57 seconds
Graduation Hat Toss
The "hat toss," now a traditional ending to graduation and commissioning cercmonies at all of the service
academics, originated at the Naval Academy in 1912. Before 1912, Naval Academy graduates were
officers
in
the
Extended Page
1.2
required to serve two years in the fleet as midshipmen before being commissioned as officers in the
Navy, thus they had a need for their midshipmen hats. The Class of 1912, commissioned at graduation,
was issued officer caps. In a spontancous gesture, the new officers tossed their midshipmen hats into the
air. This "hat toss" has since become the symbolic end to the four-year program at the Naval Academy.
2-2-2-2 COMMISSIONING WEEK TRADITIONS
Parades
Commissioning Week dress parades at the U.S. Naval Academy got their start in 1846, one year
following the establishment of the academy. The first parade, held June 27, 1846, was in honor of the
Board of Examiners. It consisted of exercises in the manual of arms and infantry tactics.
Dedication Parade
The first Dedication Parade was held at the Naval Academy on May 31, 1969. The dress parade honors
those members of the academy faculty who are retiring, completing 20 and 45 years of service, or who
have been selected as professor cmeritus. Faculty recipients of the William P. Clements Award for
Excellence in Education, the Class of 1951 Civilian Faculty Teaching Excellence Award, the Class of 1951
Military Faculty Teaching Excellence Award, the Alumni Association Research Excellence Award, the
Captain Frank M. Adams Junior Officer Leadership Award and other awards are also honored at the
Dedication Parade.
Color Parade/Color Competition/Color Girl
The highlight of the Color Parade is the formal presentation of the colors (flags) to the company that, by
virtue of its excellence in academics, athletics and professional accomplishments throughout an entire
year of competition, has won the honor of being designated color company. This company will carry the
colors for all events until Commissioning Week the next year. The color company competition began in
1867.
Chosen by the color company commander, the Color Girl has been a part of the Commissioning Week
activities at the Naval Academy since 1871. Grace Worden, daughter of Admiral John L. Worden, then
superintendent of the academy, was the first to participate in the parade as a Color Girl. She was Color
Girl again in 1874. Only Annc Rodgers, whose father was Rear Admiral C.R.P. Rodgers, Superintendent
from 1874 to 1878, shared the honor of being Color Girl twice -she was chosen in 1877 and 1878.
In 1921 the Color Company Commander added a romantic twist to the Naval Academy's Color Girl
Ceremony. At the time, the young woman's duty was to walk onto Worden Field with the
superintendent and present the flags to the Color Company. The day before the 1921 parade, however,
Midshipman Harold D. Hail's classmates dared him -- the Color Company Commander -- to kiss his
Color Girl on the parade grounds after the presentation of the colors. Midshipman Hail took the dare
and, along with Miss Helen McDonough, established one of the most enduring traditions of the Color
Parade.
Blue Angels
The Blue Angels, known officially as the U.S. Navy Flight Demonstration Squadron, have performed
their precision flying demonstrations for more than 239 million spectators. They have performed during
Commissioning Week for more than 30 years. Although the individual maneuvers performed by the
team are those taught to every prospective Navy and Marine Corps aviator during flight training, the
show has evolved throughout the years since the first team was organized in 1946 to become the epitome
of aerial artistry. There were four Grumman F6F Hellcats in the original demonstration, when the tight
diamond formation flown by the pilots became the trademark of the Blue Angels. In 1972 the Blue Angels
began flying the McDonnell Douglas A-4 Skyhawk П, with the McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet
introduced in 1986.
Naval Academy Class Rings
Midshipmen at the U.S. Naval Academy design their own class rings, a custom that started with the
Class of 1869. Naval Academy midshipmen receive their rings during the final week of their second class
(junior) year, at the Ring Dance-hailed as the social event of Commissioning Week. According to custom,
a midshipman's date wears the ring suspended on a blue ribbon around the neck. At the dance, the ring
is dipped in a binnacle containing water from the seven seas, symbolizing the travel that lies ahead of the
midshipmen. The couple then enters a large gold replica of the class ring where the ring is placed on the
midshipman's finger. The ceremony is scaled with a kiss.
5/92
UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY
MIDSHIPMEN SERVICE SELECTION INFORMATION
CLASS OF 1990
CLASS OF 1991
CLASS OF 1992
TOTAL SELECTING
1004
952
1016
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
USMC
91
2
93
3
138
3
NAVY UNRESTRICTED LINE (URL)
GENERAL URL
1
35
1
27
6
34
SURFACE WARFARE
(conventional)
239
9
256
5
273
10
(nuclear power)
37
--
41
--
19
--
URL/ENGINEERING DUTY OPTION
4
0
4
1
--
--
URL/OCEANOGRAPHY OPTION
1
1
4
1
3
1
SUBMARINE WARFARE
135
--
101
--
92
--
SPECIAL WARFARE
20
--
19
--
10
--
SPECIAL OPERATIONS
5
--
6
1
9
1
NAVAL FLIGHT OFFICER
109
5
99
5
109
5
PILOT
223
10
195
15
216
14
RESTRICTED LINE/STAFF CORPS
AVIATION MAINTENANCE DUTY
--
1
--
1
--
--
CRYPTOLOGY
4
4
1
1
1
2
INTELLIGENCE
2
2
4
1
3
2
OCEANOGRAPHY
--
3
1
1
--
1
MEDICAL CORPS
8
--
8
--
15
--
SUPPLY
22
17
26
14
19
13
CIVIL ENGINEERING CORPS
3
7
7
4
4
6
INTER-SERVICE TRANSFER
USAF
4
--
6
--
5
2
United States Naval Academy
NEWS
May 5, 1992
Prepared by the Public Affairs Office to inform key personnel of news about the academy and its personnel. Reproduction of these articles does not
reflect official endorsement. Further reproduction for private use is subject to original copyright restrictions; SECNAVINST .44A applies.
QUALITY/OF LIFE
May 1992 $2.50
NAVY
)2
JULIANE GALLINA,
FIRST FEMALE BRIGADE COMMANDER
Superintendent
Library Reference Desk, 10A
Commandant
Executive Director, Alumni Assoc., 1H
Deputy Commandant
Dean of Admissions/CGO, 17A
Academic Dean and Provost, 1C
Director of Athletics 4D
Chief of Staff, ACOS Operations, SJAG, 1B
Director, Sports Information, 4D
Deputy for Management, 1D
Director, Professional Development, 7A
Supply Officer, 20A
Brigade CDR, 3A
Comptroller, 20F
PAO(5)
NAV
2
The Class of
92 Has
MAKING
92
Shown a
Willingness
To:Adapt:to:a
CHANGES
New World,
New Navy
At dawn, two days before Navy was to
Approximate time loading: two minutes.
meet Army on the football field in Philadel-
After a grueling drive home - which began
phia, seventeen midshipmen, all but three of
by going north toevadethe three U H-THuey
them members of the Class of 1992, ren-
elicopters and federal and
dezvoused secretly in a seedy hotel near West
Department of Defense:police the convoy
Point, New York. Their mission, which they
regrouped at Weir "Tennessee" Denton's Anne
17
had chosen to accept, was pmule-nap.Army's
Arundel farm just before the traditional Thurs-
3
four mascots. For a year, they meticulously
day bonfire. Under cover of darkness, the con-
planned the snatch. Just the week before, they
voy arrived at the Academy s Cate & Federal
14
had mobilized the teams and stormed West
marshals and DOD police waiting to snare
Point's bastions, only to have to abort the mis-
them shoved the culprits up against the base-
sion in the face of certain failure. Undaunted,
ball backstop, spread-eagled. The horse. trail-
they decided to attempt the strike again, this
er would have to leave the Yard. Mission:
time under a heavier cloak of security.
failed.
In the uniforms of soldiers and military
But not just yet. The marshals had over-
police, two teams entered the gates in cars
looked the mids' communication equipment,
sporting New York tags and "I love my cadet"
and compatriots inside the Yard were alerted
and "Beat Navy" bumper stickers. Senior
to the impending danger. In the nick of time,
Shawn Callahan strode to the door of the vet-
Lt. Angela Smith, who just happened to be the
erinary clinic where the mules live in the heart
command duty officer, was rounded up and
of the Point. "We're delivering the feed for the
brought to the gate. To the marshals she said,
game," he told the startled sergeant, one of
guys, you are now on our property. You can
three extra guards posted against the possi-
keep them in sight, but let's move the mules
bility that Navy would attempt the outra-
to the pep rally now. Mission: accomplished.
geous robbery of the mules. Before the three
Birsi semester Midshipman Brigadel
men could react, Callahan was across the
mander Juliane Gallina des cribes hericlass as
room, Bravo team behind him, and out
"very professional, very intense." Only.an
another door to unlock the barn door between
intense and professional.class could-accom-
him and Chris Middleton's:leam:Alpha.
plish what had not been ac omplished in:102
in.broad.daylight under the watchful eyes
years of Army- Navyrivalry- And there' more.
of smoking civilians, the mule team led by
On paper, the class of 1992 looks like a very
future Navy Seal J.R. Anderson took on the
smart class. Comparing them to the classes of
1,000-pound animals while trying to look nat-
1989 through 1995 - all the classes they have
ural. Guards subdued ("with only the required
compared themselves to at one time or another
force") and animals newly fitted with bits,
in their time at the Academy they have the
midshipmen using elaborate communications
highest average scores, 588 on verbal;662
equipment and codes signalled the horse trail-
ton-math, and 83 percent of them werelin the
er to enter the heavily guarded base. Accom-
first fifth of their high hool classes, more than
panied by another MP-uniformed midship-
any other Academy classes of their era. The
man, the horse trailer sailed straight to the
class includes such II-American-athletes: as
By Carol Mason
clinic and backed up to the mule barn through
basketball Angie Dobbs, water polo's Louis
the cones thoughtfully placed by the fraudu-
Nicolao and sailing's SusieMinton
Feldmann
lent policeman. The mules were loaded.
In person, the class looks just as impressive.
42 ANNAPOLITAN
May 1992
4
XCO
GORDES
It also has had to be, above all else, adaptable.
ended up on an amphib. I mean, they'r the
The class of 1992 has held on for the ride
ships you never see on posters."
through roller-coaster changes in the Navy's
Disappointed, surprised, even, the mem-
and their own expectations. As freshmen;they,
bers of the class of 1992 remain undaunted by
werecounting ona 600 ship Navy andunlim-
the prospects of a smaller Navy.
ited opportunities to fly for graduates. in
"The attitude I've picked up is that it doesn't
March, Secretary of the Navy H Lawrence
matter, that I'm here to serve, I want to fly, I
Garrett told the assembled brigade they could
want to be in the Marine Corps, whether or not
expect a downsized 450-ship Navy.
we are downsizing or increasing or who we
Seniors were well aware of the ramifications
have to fight - this is what I want to do," says
of Garrett's remarks: standing in lines based
Class President Doug Barber) of Portland, Ore.
on class rank, in February they chose their
That kind of adaptation to changing circum-
future specialties in an annual ritual called ser-
stances impresses me."
vice selection. The top third of the class seemed
The Class of 1992 had to adapt to many
to get the assignments it coveted; the middle
changing circumstances throughout its
third wore down a lot of fingernails watching
tenure, none perhaps more dramatic than
the slots dwindle as choice ships and home
plebe training. Ask any Academy midshipman
ports closed out; the bottom third picked
or graduate which class had the last tough
through the leftovers.
plebe year, and the answer, invariably, will be
"We were juniors in high school when Top
"my class." Graduates continually grumble
Gun came out, remembered Mike Dowling,
about the country club atmosphere of Camp
from Garden City, N.Y. "Blebesummer every-
Tecumseh:
one wanted to be a Tom Cruise pilot- then
Seniors grumble, too, about how soft plebe
service selection night, flight billets went out
training is these days, not like those long-ago
at 669, and all of a sudden the ships were
days when they were freshmen. But the Class
Illustrations by
snatched up. From the late 700's on, everybody
of 1992 may actually have a point.
Shelley Ann Reid
May 1992
ANNAPOLITAN 43
Our plebe year
Their plebe year.
"Plebes now have less classes, less profes-
changes were emadesingplet
sional material, fewer formations, fewer meals.
indoctrination inthe summerof1991 just as
Their day ends at 12:45, but my plebe day
the class was returning to Annapolis for its first
ended at 8 p.m. There wasn't a time that I
significant leadership experience training the
couldn't be asked a question," says Carlos
new midshipmen-to-be. No touching, not even
Mendez of Miami, Fla.
to straighten out a uniform, no "involuntary"
Still, he says, "It was not necessarily better
horseplay, yelling not encouraged.
then, but it is easier now."
"People came back and said, T'm going to
do Plebe Summer, I remember how it was done
and I'm ready to do it.' Then they had to play
by a whole different set of rules and nobody
liked it," says Doug Barber.
Echoing his classmate, Mike Dowling says,
"We came into second class year (junior) all
fired up to be the way the seconds were toward
us when we were plebes, and then all the
changes came, and we just said, Wow, what
do we do now?' I saw a breakdown."
"I was just real careful in what I did and what
I said. You just had to keep the regulations in
the forefront of your mind," says Portland,
Ore., native Todd Harman.
"I don't think I talked to a plebe for six
months. We saw a lot of bogus things going
on, people going down for weird offenses and
things we had seen going on for a long time
- and getting kicked out of the Naval Acade-
my for it," adds Carlos Mendez.
Mike Dowling thinks "that's the nature of
this place that you tend not to want to accept
change at first, but you can see that the last cou-
ple of years it's gotten better already. Hope-
fully, the plebes [we trained] won't know the
old way. It probably all happened that way
when women were first admitted, and when
the hazing was stopped. It all worked out
The 'Dant is watching.
(CONTINUED ON PAGE 50)
44 ANNAPOLITAN
May 1992
CLASS OF '92
we have gone through a real maturation
brigade," adds Steve Gordon of Vien-
(CONTINUED FROM PAGE 44)
as a class. Plebe year there was a good
na, Va.
feeling across the board from all my
after awhile."
classmates that we were all plebes, we
"Juliane is one of us," Mike Dowling
Mark Fusco, second semester brigade
says, simply. "Plebe year, if a woman
were classmates. But the whole of
commander, "was opposed to change
cametotheand
(the microphone)
youngster (sophomore) year was diffi-
for the fact of change. I fought the new
sthe/dining hall) make:an announce
cult for me. All of a sudden I felt like I
plebe training harder than anybody.
ment wed o catcalls We went from
wasn't one of their classmates anymore.
"When we were plebes, the system
that to everyone hearing Juliane, and
I was a female. I felt more identified by
didn't have to make sense, nor would
sex, by gender.
everyone would come straight to atten-
tion for her."
it ever make sense, and there was noth-
"In the long run, I think talking about
ing we could do to change it. No mat-
Gallina and Fusco presided over
it and getting it out makes our class a
ter how many times they told us that,
more changes for the class.
world apart from other classes. They
we kept saying, 'that still doesn't
"Our class is the first class in truly a
make sense. Fusco thinks it
long time to have as much control
makes more sense now.
of each other as any class in the
Far more than freshman train-
past. Company officers and bat-
ing was transformed. Human
talion officers were running a
relations within the brigade were
large part of what was going on
scrutinized, not just by student
in Bancroft Hall. Officers have
leaders and officers, but by the the
taken a step back and given us the
Academy's governing board and
freedom to lead, and with that
by members of Congress. All
freedom has come the freedom to
midshipmen spent hours learn-
make mistakes," Gallina says.
ing about a Command Managed
Army-Navy week is the tradi-
Equal Opportunityprogram,
tional time for a class to do it big.
Importance of equal opportu-
1991 was '92's year to shine. The
nity and mutual respect were not
day prior to the humiliation of the
the only messages midshipmen
stealing, Army'scadet.com-
heard.
mander was lykidnapped;
don't think the message was
It's time for midshipmen to smile at last.
just hours after the mule theft
'treat people more fairly.' I think
Being very typical are these graduating members of
was discovered, thousanderof
the message was be careful what
the 10th Company: Geoff Broderick, Keith Gordon,
BeatArmy! ping pong balls were
Ken Miller and Eric Ostler.
you say and what you do.'
dropped.on West Point. The
CMEO turned into the Red Scare. Be
Class of 1992 didn't rest on its
don't know what it's like to have
the
careful what you say because your
laurels: it may have had a winless team,
class fingered out. I think that made us
words may come back to haunt you,"
but it did win the spirit contest for sure.
stronger."
says Harman.
squad. made its way.to.thelPen-
Gallina herself can take some credit
"That's when all the jokes came out
tagon under cover of darkness and
for the strengthening of her classmates.
that the 'dant. (commandant of mid-
spelled Beat Army! in 24-foot letters on
The first woman eve to be appointed
shipmen) could see you through your
hill-near the Pentagon with 400
brigade commander, the highest-rank-
computer monitor," laughs Mendez.
pounds of lime.
ing midshipman, she risked being
Although philosophical and materi-
"branded a token.
The efforts paid off Navy whipped
al plebe training and human relations
Army 24-3, the team led by:92ers B.J.
A lot of people were saying, 'I can't
changes had been planned for some
Mason and Byron Ogden.
believe 92has to be the first classito
time, they were hurried along by an
have a female brigade commander,"
Understating the case dramatically,
event that had a special impact on the
says Todd Harman. "But she's a neat
Army-Navy is not just another game.
Class of 1992. In May 1990, a classmate,
"To see them on the field victorious
girl, very charismatic, diplomatic,
sophomore Gwen Dreyer, resigned
was real emotional for me," says Galli-
knows how to talk to people."
from the Academy, accusing male com-
na. "It was important for our class to
"She seemed like someone from the
pany mates of chaining her to a urinal
have that victory
all was insignifi-
during Army-Navy Week in December
Class it Glance
cant in the face of victory over Army."
1989. Dreyer's charges resulted in a
The Class of 1992 is not one of those
media firestorm the likes of which the
forgettable, middle of the road-classes.
Academy had never seen. "Tormented
Nothing halfway with them.
female mid resigns," blared the Capital's
"We've always been the first - or
Sunday morning headline.
maybe the last - to do something,"
Questions of classmate loyalty, a hall-
Middleton "We' ve endured
mark of Academy life, made it a par-
changes and adjusted to the changes.
ticularly uncomfortable time for Drey-
Our class has not hung on to the past.
er's classmates. "Do we support her
Our classis oriented to the future and
because she was our classmate, or do we
that probably our number.one
turn against her because she turned
strength."
against us?" asks Juliane Gallina. "That
They'l need that special strength as
was the whole issue."
they go into a Navy and Marine Corps
"Dreyer gave women a bad name,"
still making a painful transition from
says Todd Harman.
steady growth and a clear enemy to
"The Gwen Dreyer affair aggravated
the murkier goals and less expensive
everything," concedes Gallina. "I think
services of the future. They II need fair
winds.and-followingseas.
50 ANNAPOLITAN
May 1992
COMMISSIONING WEEK INFORMATION
CLASS OF 1992
(information as of April 1, 1992)
1. Number admitted in the Class of 1992, also breakdown of men and women:
Total admitted: 1350
Men: 1203
Women: 147
2. Number graduating, also breakdown by men and women:
Class of 1992, as of April 1: 1027
Men:
932
Women:
95
3. Number of foreign nationals, as of April 1: 12
4. Number of minorities, as of April 1: 149 TOTAL
Hispanics:
56
Oriental Amer.: 46
Native Amer.:
5
Afro American:
42
5. Number of Maryland residents: approx. 70