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National Guard Article 8/92 [OA 7579]
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26
22
7
4
The Way Ahead
By George Bush
For more than three centuries the National Guard has helped
keep America safe and strong. From the colonial militia to
Hurricane Andrew, these volunteer patriots have embodied "America
at its best."
Think of the citizen-soldier at Lexington and Concord -- or
in the jungles of Bataan and Guadalcanal. Their valor is a
metaphor for the American character in war and peace. Recall how
the Guard fights forest fires, gives comfort to flood victims, or
led recent food missions to Sarajevo. Its heroism lives as oral
history -- passed from one generation to another.
The Founding Fathers knew that America needed a strong
National Guard. Times have changed, but not the Guard's mission:
To protect life and liberty at home and abroad. Today, its
members -- more than half-a-million strong -- stand ready to
define a new era which seemed inconceivable as recently as 1988.
During the last 3 and 1/2 years, the Reserve forces of the
United States have formed a crucial part of the finest fighting
force this Nation has ever known. They have led our fight
against illegal drugs, met other peacetime challenges, and were
vital to restoring democracy to Panama.
Last year, the National Guard also helped forge our triumph
over tyranny in the sands of the Gulf. Saddam Hussein learned
that the Rockies would crumble before Guardsmen did: Few played
2
a larger role or paid a higher price in ensuring that aggression
would not stand. Years from now history will salute the bravery
of the National Guard and Reserve forces in Operation Desert
Shield/Desert Storm. As Commander in Chief and as a fellow
veteran, I learned from your example and success.
I know that as President I could not have acted decisively
without full confidence in American armed troops -- both active
and reserve. Each day of the Gulf conflict I heard countless
instances of gallantry. When Barbara and I prayed at Camp David
the night before the air war began, I asked God to make me worthy
of the finest fighting force America has ever known.
That night I recalled the 167th Tactical Airlift Group -- a
C-130 unit from the Late one evening the
SHF
unit was asked for 40 port personnel to deploy in support of air
Don
cargo operations. More than 100 quickly volunteered. Later I
Alstor
thought, too, of other heroes. Arizona Captain Debra Clark drove
her transportation unit 27 straight hours deep into Iraq.
Tennessee Captain Terry Saltsman and his company were among the
first U.S. ground troops to cross the Iraqi border. I still
marvel at Guard postal units in Saudi Arabia handling nearly 300
tons of mail in a three-day period. They had a half-day off only
on Thanksgiving and Christmas -- their only time off in their
entire mobilization.
The Persian Gulf showed America at her best -- benefiting
from the unprecedented growth in Reserve forces since 1980. Yet
the Twenty-First Century will present different challenges. The
3
Guard played a major role in winning the Cold War, but threats
remain. Future risks to our security will be characterized by
ambiguity and rapid change -- not the relative certainty of the
past. One asset of experience is a love of history: Both teach,
in Lincoln's words, the need to "think and act anew" -- and
realign the size and shape of the Guard and Reserve to meet the
needs of our new military strategy in a world far different from
the 1980s.
Several important principles will guide the design of our
Guard and Reserve Forces. First and foremost is a principle I
detailed in my August 1991 statement of the National Security
Strategy of the United States:
"In a world less driven by an immediate, massive threat to
Europe or the danger of global war, the need to support a
smaller but still crucial forward presence and to deal with
regional contingencies -- including possibly a limited,
conventional threat to Europe -- will shape how we organize,
equip, train, deploy, and employ our active and reserve
forces
Today we must reshape our Guard and Reserve forces
so that they can continue their important contributions in new
circumstances."
By itself the changing world makes it hard to preserve our
military capability. Compounding the problem are the cries in
and out of Congress for additional cuts in defense spending.
Let's be blunt: What those who propose to gut the defense budget
while devoting more dollars to big government spending really
4
want are massive reductions in the size of U.S. active and
reserve forces. They won't do it as long as I am President. The
Soviet bear may be dead -- but wolves still stalk the world. I
will reduce the size of our military defense -- but never our
commitment to vigilance.
The second principle of a restructured military is a major
reliance upon Reserve forces, as well as Active forces. The
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff recently testified that
"maintaining strong, capable Reserve and Guard forces will remain
essential to our military strategy" -- and that as the size of
the Total Force falls, "we can move certain units or functions
into the Reserves to avoid the costs associated with keeping them
in the active force structure." We will do this fairly -- based
on merit and need -- without discriminating against any part of
the Armed Forces.
The third principle guiding our force structure involves
concern for the demands placed on individual National Guardsmen,
Reservists, and their families. Our "citizen-soldiers" devote
time to their families, civilian occupations, or education. If
we intrude upon them for every minor skirmish or trouble spot, we
may, soon face retention problems involving the same high-quality
Reserve personnel that we most need. On the other hand, Reserve
units and individuals will provide critical support in large or
protracted conflicts, or in other crises which require the use of
the Armed Forces -- and in increasing numbers as the
5
confrontation evolves. We will also rely on National Guard and
Reserve combat units to reinforce and augment Active forces.
Thus, the Reserve will be vital to the Total Force of the
1990s -- but plans for the use of the Total Force will change.
In the Cold War, the threat to our national security was clear -
- and specific roles and missions could be assigned to specific
forces and units. In the ambiguous security environment ahead,
detailed planning for every contingency or crisis will be less
likely, if even possible. Thus, flexibility will matter more.
So will the variables that decide which forces serve. Among them
are the nature of the missions to be performed, and the
capabilities, readiness, immediate availability and geographical
location of specific Active or Reserve units. Our goal is a
troop structure which gives peace a chance -- but never takes a
chance with peace.
I believe most Guardsmen share this view -- know that when
it comes to national security, finishing second means finishing
last. My support of strong defense spans a lifetime. I am no
election-year convert to keeping America Number One. As a
veteran, I know we must keep our armed forces ready and capable:
The Cold War victory we won based on strength must not be lost
because of weakness. That is why I reject those in the Democrat
Congress who advocate deep budget cuts that jeopardize the safety
of every American in uniform. Our defense budget involves more
than needed weapons systems -- or ensuring American forces are
the best-equipped military in the world with world-class
6
technology. It means we must also spend the necessary time and
effort training our active and reserve forces. This is
especially true as we reshape our forces to meet our defense
strategy in the 1990s and beyond.
We cannot afford to return to the hollow-forces military of
the late 1970s -- where quality was low and morale lower. In
Iran, the rescue operation, Desert One, was a disaster. American
parts wouldn't work. American planes wouldn't fly. I will never
permit such humilitation. Instead, I will reshape the U.S.
military in a way that does not cause hollow forces and that
treats the uniform with respect. I will continue to support the
transition needs of all active and reserve personnel.
Like most Guardsmen, I know what it means to raise a family,
build a life, go to battle, and see friends die. I was on a
three-man bombing crew -- and learned of teamwork. I learned,
too, about a cause larger than ourselves. I remember spending a
month aboard the submarine Finback after being shot down -- and
at night standing watch on the tower and looking at the dark.
The sky was clear. There was calm, inner peace -- God's therapy.
Given that, could I forget those who endured war so that
liberty might live? I can't -- won't. I stand with those who
time and again have shown that they are ready -- whether in a
major armed conflict like JUST CAUSE, the fight against drug
traffickers, or more routine peacetime operations. Fifty years
ago, the National Guard provided the first army units to go into
offensive combat in World War II. This year, it again helped our
7
nation stand tall -- sending to hurricane-ravaged areas troops
who proved that Americans pull together to repair what nature has
torn apart.
In the aftermath of the hurricane, Guardsman Scott Merrick
of Oak Hill, Florida, placed an American flag between a twisted
traffic light and a storm gutter. He put it there because "it
says a whole lot about what's happening." Scott knew that
victims of Hurricane Andrew might be physically beaten -- but
they would not be defeated. How could they? They were
Americans.
Against the winds of tyranny or a hurricane, National
Guardsmen have helped America triumph on the wings of hope. They
have helped lead us in the past -- and will too in the future.
"Always ready, always there" -- always the best that is America.
AUG-31-92 MON 13:35
P.01
UNCLASSIFIED
TELEFAX
Secretary of the Air Force
Office of Public Affairs - Media Relations Division
The Air Force Press Desk
Voice (703) 695-0640/5766/6994 (DSN 225)
Fax: (703) 6214-7486 (DSN-224)
This telefax consists of
pages including this cover sheet
FROM: CAPT MONICA Aloisio SAF/PAM (703) 695-0640
TO: MICHELLE NIX
SUBJECT:
F-16 PERFORMANCE IN DESERT SHIELD/5TORM. SHIEL
INFO TAKEN FROM TITLEV FINAL REPORT TO
CONGRESS
Page T-67
AUG-31-92 MON 13:36
P.02
OBSERVATIONS
Accomplishments
More than 13,480 combat sorties were flown against targets including
airfields, Republican Guard positions and strategic targets near Baghdad.
F-16s had a mission capable rate of 88.8 percent, and the highest use rate of
all USAF aircraft in theater (1.35 sorties per aircraft per day).
F-16s using GPS, on board radar, and LANTIRN Forward-looking infrared
proved successful.
Issue
The F-16 LANTIRN units are now receiving and qualifying with their
targeting pods.
T-67
MEMORANDUM
MEMORANDUM
OF CALL
Previous editions usable
OF CALL
Previous editions usable
TO: MICHELE
TO:
MICHELE
YOU WERE CALLED BY-
YOU Dunlap WERE VISITED BY-
YOU WERE CALLED BY-
YOU WERE VISITED BY-
OF (Organization)
Major
OF (Organization)
Major Nei
Nat'l. Guard
PLEASE PHONE
FTS
AUTOVON
PLEASE PHONE
FTS
AUTOVON
703 695 3454
703 695 3673
WILL CALL AGAIN
IS WAITING TO SEE YOU
WILL CALL AGAIN
IS WAITING TO SEE YOU
RETURNED YOUR CALL
WISHES AN APPOINTMENT
RETURNED YOUR CALL
WISHES AN APPOINTMENT
MESSAGE
MESSAGE
3:31
11:40
RECEIVED BY
DATE
TIME
RECEIVED BY
DATE
TIME
63-110 NSN 7540-00-634-4018 STANDARD FORM 63 (Rev. 8-81)
63-110 NSN 7540-00-634-4018
STANDARD FORM 63 (Rev. 8-81)
U.S.G.P.O.: 1983 - 421-529/321
Prescribed by GSA
Prescribed by GSA
FPMR (41 CFR) 101-11.6
U.S.G.P.O.: 1983 -421-529/321
FPMR (41 CFR) 101-11.6
From Battles - Dec. 13, 1636
of ConcordB 1775
Operation
waref 1637
Battle of But
Storm has foughtea early WWII Baatan
Am in every was Bureau Japanese Kondratiuk attached
1
Lt. Col. Condreck
(703)6756- 4603
were Phillipines Campaign
WWII National Guard
at
Regiments Tank Anti "Aircraf
50th 2
Naturallion
11st army units
to go intooffe Combat
Oct. 1942 in WWII
I
09/02/92 15:14
703 6956498
NGB-PAM
001
ARMY
OFFICE
OF
AND THE AIR DEFARTM FORCE* * # BUREAU NATIONAL
MEDIA
RELATIONS
PUBLIC
BRANCH
AFFAIRS
CUARD
FAX TRANSMITTAL COVER SHEET
NAME & OFFICE SYMBOL
TELEPHONE NUMBER
FROM: MAJ DUNLAP
COMM: (703) 696-3454
NGB-PAM
DSN: 225-3454
TO: MICHELLE NIX
COMM: (202) 456-7750
DSN: FAX (202) 456-6218
CLASSIFICATION
GNELASSIFIED
REMARKS: MISHALLE,
COVER 6 PAGES
PLEASE CALL DAN DONOITUE
AT(703)695-0421 FORMORE
DATE: 2 SEPT92
INPO
My Demlap
We
are
QUOTES
"The militia of this country must be considered the palladium of
our security, and the first effectual resort in case of
hostility."
-- George Washington
John Adams said the four institutions that allowed the New
England states to prosper and grow were "the towns, the schools,
the churches, and the militia."
"Of the citizen army, the National Guard is in the first category
of importance."
-- General of the Army George C. Marshall (of the
Marshall Plan; everybody with the NG knows who he is)
Marshall called the National Guard "the greatest non-political
force in the country, state or federal, for the security of its
citizens."
Marshall is the big god of the National Guard; you can refer to
him as just General George C. Marshall.
"Civilian in peace, soldier in war, the Guardsmen typifies the
willingness of free men to stand ready for civil emergencies and
spring to the nation's defense whenever a crisis arrives." "
-- Major General Winston P. Wilson, former Chief of the
National Guard Bureau.
Refer to Bataan as
"Fighting in Bataan Peninsula
in 2 pring of 1942"
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The Founding Fathers on the Militia
ALEXANDER HAMILTON, no great friend of the militia, admitted that
during the Revolution they had been "...a valuable and powerful
auxiliary."
GEORGE MASON of Virginia, who refused to sign the draft of the
Constitution in Philadelphia because it contained no Bill of Rights, was
a strong opponent of centralized government. During the debates in the
Virginia ratification convention, Mason called the militia (as opposed to
a large standing Army) '...our real and natural strength."
JAMES MADISON, arguing in the Virginia Convention against the idea
that a strong militia with ties to the federal government could be used
by that government against the states, said that such a thing was
impossible because "...who are the militia, if they be not the PEOPLE of
this country?"
GEORGE WASHINGTON
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1110
-
property,
DUT even of
his personal services to the defense of it the only probable means of
preventing insult or histility for any length of time and from being
exempted from the consequent calamities of War, is to put the National
Militia in such a condition as that they may appear truly respectable in
the Eyes of our freiends and formidable to those who would otehrwise
become our enemies."
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JOHN ADAMS QUOTE FROM KOHN, EAGLE AND SWORD
John Adams spent most of the 1780s in Europe, as the new nation's senior
diplomat. Adams told Europeans that the four institutions which were
the source of "the virtues & talents of the People" of New England, and
the four institutions which allowed the New England states to prosper
and grow, were "the towns, the schools, the churches, and the militia."
HA-39
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that in the next few months we
where we can all have a real
8. Major General James C. Dozier, adjulant general of South Carolina, 1926-59; served as
president, NGAUS, 1938-39.
state of proficiency in the
the basis of the Army.
9. During the spring of 1940, and immediately preceding the Army maneuvers schedule
iscussed because fortunately for
in the summer of 1940, the commanders and staffs of the 18 National Guard Divisions
were ordered to participate in field exercises of the reorganized Regular Army Divisions.
lopment - the mechanics, the
After an orientation period the Guardsmen took over they key command and staff
is balancing up in a very
positions for brief periods of on-the-job-training.
hat burden at the present time.
the present moment is the types
10. It was then the practice for field maneuvers to be rotated among the Field Armies in
the CONUS on an annual basis with each of the four taking its turn. GCM refers to the
future. We are naturally very
Second Army maneuvers in Michigan (1936) and the Fourth Army maneuvers in several
happened abroad and what
western locations (1937). The maneuver rivals were designated "Red" and "Blue" forces
we commit ourselves to any
and GCM as the "Red army" commander led a force built around the 5th Brigade, 3d
In the same way, we are
Infantry Division. The "Blues" included the 41st Infantry Division (Washington, Oregon,
Montana and Idaho) and elements of the 24th Cavalry Division (Washington, Wyoming,
anized forces, in regard to the
Colorado, Idaho, Iowa and Kansas). The NGAUS delegates in Baltimore included Major
ctors in the Army.
General George A. White (Oregon), CG, 41st Division; and Major General W.K. Herndon
you have given me and
(Kansas), CG, 24th Cavalry Division. Brigade commanders of the "Blues" in the audience
whatever my offense was, and
Included one-star generals Thomas E. Rilea (Oregon). Raymond A. Yenter (lowa) and
Mervin G. McConnel (Idaho).
doing. Thank you.
GENERAL MARSHALL AFTER THE WAR:
Editor
(File 354.1) authorized seven days
"Of the citizen army, the
Guard to be accomplished by the end
National Guard is in the first
require this to be seven consecutive
category of importance. It must
bc healthy and strong, ready to
Chief, National Guard Bureau, 1931-
take its place in the first line of
was in one-star rank as commanding
defense in the first weeks of an
34th Infantry Division.
emergency, and not dependent
National Guard Bureau, 1936-40.
upon a year or more of training
before it can be conditioned to
(i.e., senior army adviser in modern
National Guard, 1933-35. During this
take the field against a trained
as an additional duty. He retained
enemy. It is not feasible under the
eehn and other divisional officers long
conditions of peace for the
National Guard within itself to
artilleryman was by 1939 a colonel
provide the basic, the
whether GCM knew it or not, seated
fundamental training which is an
imporative requirement for its mission. Therefore, in my opinion, based
d-style "square" divisions to the new
on a long and intimate experience with the Guard from 1907 until 1941,
uently regard it as folly that the War
the cssential requirement for such a system under modern conditions is
divisions on active duty in 1940-41.
Universal Military Training from which to draw the volunteers for the
cw organization took place in January
ranks of the Guard. Without such a firm foundation, I am clearly of the
opinion that a sufficiently dependable force for our postwar needs cannot
erred in his delivery or whether a
be maintained."
was the 5th not 6th Infantry Division
ackson, SC. The new division did not
The Chief of Staff's Bicnnial Report,
hus was not formally "activated" until
July 1,1943 to June 30, 1945
mean the assembly in one place of
to the Secretary of War
activated at Fort Lewis, WA, October
September 1, 1945
by General of the Army George C. Marshall
11
GENERAL MARSHALL AND
divisions while he was serving on the staff of the U.S. First Army durin
World War I.
THE NATIONAL GUARD
2024566218;# 8
During his assignment as senior instructor to the Illinois Nation:
Guard from 1933-1936, Marshall formulated his ideas about the Nation:
Probably no other Chief of Staff of the Army knew the National Guard
as well as General of the Army George C. Marshall. George Marshall
Guard that would affect the Guard later OIL Colonel Marshall great]
first came into contact with the National Guard while he was a cadet at
assisted in the training of the Illinois Guard's 33d Division and wa
VMI (established in 1839 as a source for trained militia officers for the
responsible for improving armory and field training not only in Ilfinois bi
in other states as well. Marshall devised the Command Post Exercis
Virginia militia). While home on leave in Uniontown, Pennsylvania, in
whereby National Guard division staffs could exercise their skills in thei
August 1899, Marshall along with a crowd of 20,000, welcomed back
Company C, 10th Infantry, Pennsylvania National Guard from its service
home armories, under simulated combat operations, using maps an
charts.
in the Philippines. The emotion and effusive ceremony had such a
profound effect on Cadet Marshall that be decided to make the Army a
Marshall realized that with training and modern equipment that th
career.
Guard could be equal to the active Army. He also stated that the Guar
7037560726-
Marshall's next contact with the National Guard came in the spring of
should be ready to go from its armories to the field, in times €
1909, when at the request of the Adjutant General of Missouri, be helped
mobilization, without additional training. Marshall had great faith in th
design the facilities for Camp Clark which, then and now, was used for
National Guard as well. In a radio speech on September 16, 194
training units of the Missouri National Guard. After graduating from
concerning the role of the first units of the National Guard into Federa
service, Marshall stated that "the American soldier (in this case th
Leavenworth in 1910, Lieutenant Marshall was detailed as an instructor
National Guard) makes the finest solider in the world."
at the summer training camps for National Guard elements from New
York, Massachusetts and Pennsylvania. Impressed with the Guard's
Marshall also believed in the Guard's state role of disaster relief am
enthusiasm for military training, Marshall requested permission to observe
the National rifle matches at Camp Perry, Ohio, where the Guard's finest
assistance to civil authorities when he called the National Guard "the grea
non-political force in the country, state or federal, for the security 0
marksmen vied for honors alongside their Regular Army counterparts.
citizens."
In 1911 Marshall was detailed as an instructor with the Massachusetts
National Guard. However, Marshall made such an excellent impression
General Marshall played a critical role in the postwar development 0
with the National Guard that the Adjutants General of Massachusetts and
the National Guard. In late 1945 he was responsible for the Army polic
Pennsylvania both asked the War Department for his assignment!
declaring that the National Guard was always to be an integral part an
first-line reserve component of the postwar military establishment. Thi
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Marshall's interest in the role of the American citizen-soldier began to
lead to the Army's greater role in providing the Guard with modern
evolve during his year with the Massachusetts National Guard. Marshall
weapons and equipment. As a result of General Marshall's postwar plan
perceived that a well-trained National Guard was vital to American
for it, the National Guard has become an integral part of the first-lin
defense of the United States.
defense and believed in the citizen-Army concept that in time of war, the
small Regular Army would have to rely upon a strong reserve force: the
National Guard. Lieutenant Marshall also was an early advocate of
- Major Leonid Kondratiuk
Historian, National Guard Bureau
employer support to the National Guard.
In 1912 Marshall returned to troop duty in the Philippines but four
GRATEFUL ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
years later he was assigned as the adjutant of Fort Douglas, Utah, and
The Editor wishes to express appreciation to the Marshall Library of the George
detailed to duty with National Guard regiments from three states which
C. Marshall Research Foundation at Lexington, Virginia, for permission to reprint
had been mobilized for service on the Mexican border. Marsball helped
the speech made by General Marshall to NGAUS in 1939. Thanks are due CWO
train these units which one year later were called again for service in
Charles W. Munie (Ret.), of Illinois, who assisted in the search for the November,
1933, issue of The Blinois Guardsman. We deeply appreciate the interest of
World War I.
Brigadier General James Tuten, assistant adjutant general of South Carolina, who
with Colonel James C Dozier (Ret.) was the source of several of the photographs
Although Marshall did not serve again with the National Guard until
contained in this publication.
1933, he became aware of the accomplishments of the National Guard
14
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ARMY AND THE
NGB HISTORICAL SERVICES
FAX HEADER SHEET
GUARD
FROM
OFFICE SYMBOL PHONE. NUMBER
LTC
Kondratick
NGB
(703) 756-4603
TO
OFFICE
PHONE
White House
Ms Nix
Communications office
NO. PAGES
PRECEDENCE
CLASSIFICATION
7
P
AUTHORIZED RELEASER'S SIGNATURE
REMARKS
Janes Kondred
National Guard quotes
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ATES:
In all our wars, the American people have found it neces-
sary to rely extensively - in some cases almost exclusively -
on citizen-soldiers.
- George Fielding Eliot, 1964
in all or our great wars we have used a large citizen
army and have always considered that the Regular Army with
its trained professional personnel was the necessary nucleus
for the large war force.
- Army and Navy Journal, 6 March 1920 (Note: This article
was probably written by Lieutenant Colonel John M. Palmer)
It is to be remembered that our traditions are opposed to
the maintenance of a large standing army. Our wars have
practically all been fought by citizen soldiery.
- General of the Armies John J. Pershing
We must depend in every time of national peril
not
upon a standing army
but upon a citizenry trained and
accustomed to arms.
- President Woodrow Wilson, 8 December 1914
We are never going to be rich enough or have enough
things so that we can defend ourselves without citizen-sol-
diers
- Lieutenant General Lewis B. Hershey
[The Guard is] the most credible deterrent to aggres-
sion ever made available to Mankind, because you bring to-
gether the strength of military preparedness with the un-
derstanding of the citizen who lives his daily life among
the people.
- Governor David Hall of Oklahoma, 1973
Civilian in peace, soldier in war, the Guardsman typifies the
willingness of free men to stand ready for civil emergencies
and spring to the nation's defense whenever a crisis arrives.
- Major General Winston P. Wilson, 1967
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with the increasing manpower costs
and
the majority
of the budget now going to manpower and with the lesser
costs of our Reserve units, we do have unique opportunities
and capabilities.
- General David C. Jones
t
The militia of this country must be considered the
ore
palladium of our security, and the first effectual resort
in case of hostility.
- George Washington
ible
1
Le"
h
ht
QUOTES
"The militia of this country must be considered the palladium of
our security, and the first effectual resort in case of
hostility."
-- George Washington
John Adams said the four institutions that allowed the New
England states to prosper and grow were "the towns, the schools,
the churches, and the militia."
"Of the citizen army, the National Guard is in the first category
of importance."
-- General of the Army George C. Marshall (of the
Marshall Plan; everybody with the NG knows who he is)
Marshall called the National Guard "the greatest non-political
force in the country, state or federal, for the security of its
citizens."
Marshall is the big god of the National Guard; you can refer to
him as just General George C. Marshall.
Refer to Bataan as
"Fighting in Bataar Peninsula
in Spring of 1942"