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Background Information for Christian Coalition 9/11/92 [OA 7580] [1]
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Speech Backup Chronological Files
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Folder Title:
Background Information for Christian Coalition 9/11/92 [OA 7580][1]
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26
23
1
1
824
TOLEDO Y FIGUEROA-TOLL ROADS
present. He gave the Spanish church the ortho-
nized in New I
dox direction that was to characterize its future.
vesting more th
The entire hierarchy followed his example and
(4,800 km) of
professed the orthodox faith.
toll roads were 1
These councils provide complete information
pike, 62 miles
of the Spanish church during its formative,
$7,500 per mile
Visigothic period. The councils insisted on cler-
New York and
ical celibacy and imposed penalties on those
Turnpike from 1
who neglected it. They also settled disputes
The cost of
about the mutual rights of church and state.
$10,000 per mil
PHILIP F. MULHERN, O.P.
the number of
St. Mary's Priory, New Haven, Conn.
large sums, th
pioneering in th
TOLEDO Y FIGUEROA, tō-lã'thō ē fē-gă-rõ'ä,
poration. Toll
Francisco Álvarez de (1515-1582), Spanish vice-
the growth of
roy of Peru from 1569 to 1581. Born in Oro-
the developmen
pesa, Spain, on July 10, 1515, Toledo served in
also led to incr
the personal (patrimonial) government of
Limitations.
Charles V but held no office under Philip II un-
economic advar
til the extensive administrative reorganization of
good part of ti
the Spanish empire in 1568.
success in movi
The Great Council that reformed the Coun-
WIDE WORLD
except on short
cil of the Indies (Consejo de Indias) also in-
J. R. R. Tolkien
they were a fail
structed Toledo in the laws and decrees for
heavy industrial
Peru. After a five-year inspection of the terri-
economic point,
tory, he introduced reforms related to adminis-
Works such as an edition of Sir Gawain and
ently was too
tration, finance, and police. By resettling the
the Green Knight (1925; 2d ed., 1968) and the
yield further pr
Indians in towns, he placed their taxes and la-
critical study Beowulf: The Monsters and the
toll roads were
bor services under the control of royal officials.
Critics (1936) established Tolkien's reputation
roads, it became
He broke the power of the estate landholders
as a scholar. But it was through his fiction-
feasible only in
(encomenderos) and restored viceregal author-
notably The Hobbit and the trilogy The Lord
Revival. The
ity. In 1576 he reorganized the University of
of the Rings, based on a mythology of his own
vival of toll ro.
San Marcos in Lima. After trouble between the
creation-that Tolkien became widely known.
sylvania Turnpil
Spanish and the Incas, Toledo unjustly exe-
Other works include essays, poems, and a play.
for superhighw
cuted the rebel Inca, Tupac Amaru. He re-
Another mythological romance, The Silmarillion,
waned as a fede
turned to Spain in 1581 under criticism and
was published posthumously in 1977.
system began in
died on April 21, 1582.
Tolkien's popular works reflect his delight in
BENJAMIN F. ZIMDARS
real and imaginary languages, myths, and leg-
Mary Washington College
ends. Many of his heroes are questers, who un-
dertake perilous journeys that result in their
TOLLER, tôl'er
TOLERATION ACT, the Act of 1689 passed in
own moral growth and in restored health in
expressionist dra.
England during the reign of William and Mary,
their lands. Such a quester was the "hobbit"
the generation
granting religious dissenters freedom of worship
Frodo Baggins-a genial creature resembling
combine literat
with certain conditions. Dissenters were al-
both an English countryman and a rabbit. The
was born in S:
lowed to maintain places of worship and to ap-
intricate Lord of the Rings tells of a cosmic war
Poland) on Dec.
point their own ministers. However, they were
between good and evil, in which the forces of
the army, but
required to swear allegiance to the crown, and
good, through suffering and sacrifice, destroy a
front, from 1915
their ministers had to sign the Thirty-nine Arti-
terrible ring of power and bring harmony to all
long enemy of W
cles, with the exception of the two that refer to
creation.
army for reasons
infant baptism. Quakers were allowed to make
CATHARINE R. STIMPSON,
to Munich, wher
an affirmation instead of an oath. Roman Cath-
Barnard College
Revolution of 1
olics and those who did not believe in the Trin-
the Bavarian S
ity were not covered by the act.
TOLL ROADS are roads maintained wholly or in
(April 7-14) in
The purpose of the act was to secure unity
part by fees (tolls) collected from users. The
prisoned from 19
among English Protestants against a possible
tolls were collected in early times at barriers
1933 he was
threat of a return of the deposed King James II,
across the road in the form of turnstiles, often
political causes.
a Roman Catholic. Political disqualifications
consisting of four pointed sticks called turn-
power, he went
were not removed by the act, and dissenters
pikes. These were later replaced by tollgates.
the United State
were not allowed to hold public office until the
The roads were maintained and often built by
in exile he was
Occasional Conformity Act of 1711.
a corporation-in the United States, usually a
and gave many
private corporation that had been chartered by
in New York Cit
TOLKIEN, tolkén, John Ronald Reuel (1892-
the state.
Toller's reput
1973), English scholar and writer, who is best
History. Toll roads originated in England in
he wrote betwee
known for the fanciful trilogy The Lord of the
1346 and reached their high point there in the
Wandlung (1919)
Rings (1954-1955) and its prelude The Hobbit
early 19th century. Toll roads did not appear
mann (1922), at
(1937). He was born in Bloemfontein, South
in America until after the Revolution-in Vir-
most of which a
Africa, on Jan. 3, 1892. Tolkien grew up in En-
ginia in 1785 and in Pennsylvania and Connect-
deal largely wit
gland and, after graduation from Oxford in 1915,
icut in 1792. They were built in response to the
social revolution.
served in World War I and taught at the Univer-
needs of urban business interests, particularly in
in human nature
sity of Leeds before returning to Oxford, where
sparsely settled rural areas where good roads
change of the
he was a professor of Anglo-Saxon and of English
could not be maintained through taxation.
dramas are mark
language and literature until his retirement in
The great era for toll road construction was
despair.
1959. He died in Bournemouth, England, on
1790-1810. These roads were used until the
Sept. 2, 1973.
1840's. Over 170 turnpike companies were orga-
Author
ENGLAND, CHURCH OF
401
urch's legislat
the crown. The royal supremacy, however,
and secretaries was postponed until the mid-17th
under in the old terms of the
were the
century. Then, during the years from 1645 to
se of Reform
of the monarch. Elizabeth
1660, when the Stuart monarchy was overthrown
the royal suprem
content to be "the only supreme governor of
by the forces of Parliament, the established
right usurped.by
was realm." Her authority was perhaps as great
church was shorn of its episcopacy and deprived
and now restored
this that of her father, but her ambiguous defini-
of its Prayer Book. With its bishops and leaders
as and restrained use of it made it acceptable
persecuted and exiled, the church was controlled
no significant chan
tion many Roman Catholics. Conciliation was the
first by the Puritan Presbyterians and then by
ligious life of Englis
to of the Queen's ecclesiastical policy. She
the Cromwellian Independents. Baptists, Congre-
and practice of
pivot determined to win the loyalty of all her sub-
gationalists, and Quakers gained in strength, and
d, and the orthodor
jeets was to a settlement that she hoped would pro-
the proliferation of sects brought confusion to the
firmly proclaimed
vide a national spiritual unity. This settlement
religious scenes.
in none of
demanded a comprehensiveness in which the
The restoration of the monarchy in 1660 at
ention "to decline
essentials of Christian faith and practice as they
the accession of Charles II brought a settlement
Catholic faith of Chri
had been known for centuries would be retained,
of the religious conflict that was essentially the
long as VIII
and yet the gains of the Reformation would be
same as the Elizabethan settlement of more than
was the stopping
allowed to link English Christianity with the
a century before. After 15 years of deprivation,
As a result
Christianity of the early church.
the Anglican Church with its Prayer Book, epis-
with the past,
Elizabeth's settlement embodied the Anglican
copal ministry, and constitutional relation to the
tip,
became
wnthesis. The Prayer Book, in which the tradi-
crown was again established. However, English-
a
the Anglican Refo
Gonal structure of the church's worship was still
men had come to the parting of the ways in their
the second stage
enshrined-the faith of the ancient creeds, the
religious loyalties. The vision of spiritual unity
wer had been
centrality of the sacraments, and the preservation
that had surrounded the Tudor national ideal had
doctrine and
of the three orders of ministry in apostolic suc-
vanished. The conflicts of the 17th century had
out their involving
cession-ensured continuity with the essentials of
separated men so far that dissent from the An-
Catholicism. On the reformed side, room was
glican Church was now a permanent factor in
£ Henry VIII indist
made for insights from the Christian learning of
English religious life. The Act of Toleration of
of Protestant
the Renaissance. The Bible was the source of all
1689 recognized the reality that some Englishmen
dward VI. This
doctrine to be believed for salvation, and the in-
wanted to worship in other churches-and had
six years of Cathola
terpretation of the Scriptures was to be, as the
the right to do so.
Edward's reign th
Canons of 1571 put it, what "the Catholic fathers
The Anglican Communion. By an ironic twist
released from all
and ancient bishops have gathered" out of the
of history, however, just at the time when the
church closer tosthe
Old and New Testaments. The famous Anglican
Church of England ceased to be the "national"
ir in Germany
uppeal to the Scriptures, the teachings of the
church save in name and legal establishment, it
ided and abetted
early Fathers, and enlightened human reason
was embarking upon a potentially more signifi-
S of the young-Kin
were enshrined in one form at least in the settle-
cant role in Western Christendom-that of expan-
ners, and merchant
ment of Queen Elizabeth I. The settlement pro-
sion into a fellowship of churches that is today
ment as a means
duced a statement of doctrine called The Thirty-
the worldwide Anglican Communion. Already the
a large part of
nine Articles of Religion. See ARTICLES, THIRTY-
religious conflicts in 17th century Scotland had
took place with
NINE.
resulted in the independence of the small Scottish
ew of them were las
Episcopal Church. When the American Revolu-
17TH TO 20TH CENTURY
rehbishop Cranmeds
tion separated the former colonies from British
which revised form
A Century of Conflict. The Elizabethan syn-
rule, the Anglican Church, closely associated with
es were first set forth
thesis was rejected by the small minority who re-
colonial life for more than a century and a half,
Prayer Book survived
fused to relinquish their loyalty to the pope. They
became an independent body, receiving an epis-
ossession of Anglican-
resisted the conciliatory overtures of the govern-
copate from Scotland and England, and organiz-
ent of its spirituality.
ment, and after the excommunication of the
ing itself as the Episcopal Church in the United
sion of Mary Tudor
Queen in 1570 they withdrew from all contact
States of America. (See EPISCOPAL CHURCH.)
lenry VIII and Cath
with the established church, suffering the inevita-
In the next century the Anglican churches in
the experiments and
ble persecutions and deprivations that resulted.
Canada, India, Australia, and New Zealand
ers into exile. Quee.
For over two centuries Roman Catholics in En-
steadily expanded, while in the Far East, the
ngland to the papel
gland, a small but devoted remnant, lived under
West Indies, and down through the African con-
T failed. Englishmen
severe disabilities.
tinent from Cairo to Capetown, Anglican mission
remes to which the
The more aggressive attack upon the Refor-
fields slowly shaped themselves into what are
ened to carry them
mation settlement came from the side of the ex-
today self-governing churches of the Anglican
repared to relinquish
treme Reformers, many of whom had imbibed
Communion.
ational church or to
the stern and uncompromising Calvinism of
The Evangelical Revival. Much of the mis-
eformation. Further
Geneva and were determined to establish a Cal-
sionary zeal that was displayed by the Church
ic policy of persecu-
vinist theocracy in England. To these Puritans,
of England in the 19th century was the result
taunchest supporters
the Elizabethan settlement was an intolerable
of a remarkable revival of Christian commitment
discredit the Reform-
and impious halfway measure, scarcely better
and personal devotion that swept England in the
0 death as heretics,
than no Reformation at all, because of its con-
second half of the 18th century. The movement
them martyrs. Some
tinuity with some traditional elements of Cath-
was at least in part a reaction against the sterile
g them four bishops,
olic Christianity. The Puritans kept the Eliza-
rationalism that had marked the immediate post-
Archbishop of Car-
bethan church in a ferment for many years, at-
Reformation decades. A century and a half of
he stake in Marys
tacking the Book of Common Prayer, the epis-
violent religious strife had wearied men, and
copal ministry, the lack of a "godly discipline"
when exhaustion coincided with the revolution
bethan Settlement ID
that "a church rightly reformed according to the
in thought that accompanied the beginnings of
England entereduits
prescript of God's word" should possess. Puritans
modern science, an undogmatic, deistic creed
ious settlement that
even attacked the ecclesiastical authority of the
became the faith of many. Joseph Addison's
d by Queen Elizabeth
crown itself.
"great Original" ruled the starry heavens in this
of Henry VIII formed
Queen Elizabeth and her bishops curbed the
vogue of "natural" religion. Christianity, shorn
the Elizabethanz
Puritans, however, and the test of the English
of its supernatural elements and traditional the-
! a national church
church's ability to survive attacks from Puritans
ology, was simplified to a Gospel of reasonable
402
ENGLAND, CHURCH OF
morality and practical social benevolence. Against
them only the specter of popery and a denial of
both Catho
the sterility of this rationalism, John Wesley and
the gains of the Reformation. Controversy con-
at drastic litur
the early Evangelicals recalled men to a redemp-
tinued for many years, intensified by the conver-
3
reinvigorated
tive experience of conversion and commitment
sion to Roman Catholicism of those who despaired
renewal of the
to Jesus Christ. A warm Christocentric piety, a
of the ability of Anglicanism to recover and It-
domission. L
devotion to the Scriptures as both a source of
assert its rightful Catholic heritage. In the end
volving change
enlightenment and a guide to conduct, a strong
the influence of the Oxford Movement trans-
(the English ch
sense of missionary vocation both at home and
formed both the Church of England and the
Sharply upon t
abroad, an emotional spirituality that was marked
other churches of the Anglican Communion, for
Church of Engla
by great moral earnestness, and a concern for
today its principles are accepted as essential ele-
ment-has, gather
Christian education-these were the signs of the
ments in the Anglican synthesis. See also Ox-
World War I, 1
evangelical Christian. See also METHODISM.
FORD MOVEMENT.
practice of the
Long before Wesley's death (1791) the ties
other dignitaries
that bound the Methodist societies to the church
DOCTRINE, LITURGY, AND ECUMENISM
sent to church
had broken, and Wesleyanism had become a
Anglican Doctrine. Theological explorations of
allowathe chur
separatist movement. The cleavage was not en-
the Anglican heritage in both Catholic and Evan-
without the appi
tirely due to the inability of the 18th century
gelical directions have been possible in the
tes of disesta
established church to relate the movement to
Church of England partly because the church is
maining restra
itself. Methodism was both theologically and in
not a "confessional" body. At the time of the
worch and stat
other ways closer to the ethos of dissent than
Reformation no elaborate set of doctrinal articles
her significant
to that of the Church of England. Sober fol-
-like the Augsburg Confession of Lutheranism.
and is sélf-go
lowers of the Evangelical Revival, however, re-
for example-was adopted in England. The
The Church <
mained within the English church, gradually
Thirty-nine Articles of Elizabeth's reign were
the Church of
transforming its spirituality and exercising a rein-
restricted to certain controverted points, and were
record of leade
vigorating influence upon its activity. The revival
chiefly regarded as a shield against abuses of
governent, and
enabled the long-dormant Hanoverian church to
medieval Romanism or the radical views of such
ambeth Confe
have a new spiritual impact upon the nation.
sectaries as the Anabaptists. The doctrines of
a Appeal to A
This impact took a variety of forms, and was
the Church of England were not to be found in
veritage of An
evident in the work of such men as Charles
a new set of articles, but in the Scriptures, as
stements often si
Simeon, William Wilberforce, and John Venn and
their meaning was affirmed in the Apostles' and
lions, has enabl
their associates and followers. The moral stan-
Nicene creeds, embodied in the dogmatic de.
side
dards of society were lifted out of the degradation
cisions of the early ecumenical councils, or set
and Protestant
depicted by Hogarth, a widespread philanthropic
forth in the teachings of the Fathers of the un-
relations have b
movement sought to reach the poor and the
divided church.
astern Orth
underprivileged of the new manufacturing areas,
Within such limits the Church of England
Ecumenical
and social and economic reform became a sig-
tolerated a wide latitude of theological emphases
sucted with the
nificant Christian concern.
and recognized the validity of more than one
Presbyterian Cl
The Exploration of a Catholic Heritage. The
approach to truth. The tensions of freedom are
Methodists in
Evangelical Revival is sometimes said to have
hard to bear, theologically as well as politically
witheRoman Ca
explored and extended the Anglican synthesis at
The Anglican conviction is that within freedom.
exparation were
the points of its closest kinship with Protestant-
insights are gained into the forms that Christian
climenical spir
ism. In the 19th century the dominant activity
beliefs may take to be relevant to the constantly
man Church si
in the English church was that of the Oxford
changing human scene.
achievements in
Movement, whose leaders explored the other in-
Liturgy. The chief point of reference for the
Christian
gredient of the synthesis, the Catholic heritage
doctrines of the Church of England is its liturgy.
Communion exi
of Anglicanism. The movement was launched in
contained in the Book of Common Prayer, a com-
and the (
1833 by a small group of distinguished Oxford
pilation that includes the daily offices of Matins
widen limited
scholars, of whom John Henry Newman, Edward
and Evensong (Morning and Evening Prayer)
Bouverie Pusey, and John Keble are the best
the sacramental liturgies for Baptism and the
Ghurch Congregationali of Sout
known. Offended at the government's arbitrary
Eucharist, forms for other rites and ceremonies.
MIT Anglican à
interference in the affairs of the church, and
the ordination services, and a large collection of
achievemer
aroused by the neglect of the sacraments, the
prayers for other occasions. Compiled by Arch-
holly in term
minimal theology of the day, and the failure of
bishop Cranmer and first published in 1549, the
32 intercomm
the English church to set forth its divine nature
Prayer Book consisted of a simplification and re-
Christen
and mission, they began the publication of an
vision of the ancient and traditional services of
cumenism the
arresting series of pamphlets called Tracts for
the church, translated into English in order that
dicontinues t
the Times.
the spiritual experience of Christian worship
See also GR
The movement shook the church out of its
might be more fully appropriated by the people
torpor and complacency into a renewed theolog-
The Prayer Book was revised several times, the
LAND Britain: UNITED
ical understanding of itself and its mission, an
1662 revision remaining the official version in
enriched liturgical and sacramental life, and a
the English church down to the present time
General The
more profound social and pastoral awareness. It
Each separate church of the Anglican Com-
bred too, a prolonged and bitter controversy
munion has its own Prayer Book, but as their
among Anglicans. Ever since the 17th century a
unity is one not only of a common faith and the
The
high doctrine of the church, the necessity of apos-
same threefold ministry, but also a bond of wor-
Mambeth 1870-
tolic succession, a Catholic spirituality and sacra-
Business, 2d
The
ship that springs from the possession of a common
mental life, an appeal to the ancient Church
heritage of liturgy, the differences among their
sorman, John R.
Fathers and to the authority of tradition had
various Prayer Books are not great. See also
mevied. (Moreho
Robert B.
been familiar in the teaching of a continuous
Book OF COMMON PRAYER.
Church The
line of intellectual High Churchmen. To find
siderable liturgical experimentation in II Saw Church
The years following World War con-
Mamerica (Ya
Stephen, An
these principles, however, clothed in a new and
Robert
dynamic splendor and presented with challenging
of England, as in all churches affected by the
implications for change and renewal in the life
contemporary ferment of renewal. Anglicanism
of the church was alarming to those who saw in
as a whole shares the strong sentiment through-
GREAT BRITAIN: 17. The Churches in Britain
291
While the Church of Scotland is the state
14 diocesan bishops), Scotland (2 archbishops, 6
it is comparatively free of government
diocesan bishops), and Ireland, of which North-
thurch. control. increasingly open to the currents of
church, While traditionally conservative, it has
ern Ireland (1 archbishop, 6 diocesan bishops)
that
is part.
number
Ixcomenism and liberal theology that have begun
The Free Churches. "Free Church" is a vague
" influence much of Christianity.
term justified only by long usage. The Free
in
yother
Roman Catholicism. The Roman Catholic
Churches in England (omitting Roman Catholics,
Church in Britain derives from those who in the
although it is inconsistent to do so) are the fruit
of Elizabeth I refused to accept the Ref-
of an attempt beginning at the time of the
omation. reign Every effort was then made to liqui-
Reformation to return to New Testament Chris-
this church because of the suspicions
tianity, especially as it was interpreted by Luther
church
inmsed date by its foreign connections. The Roman
and Calvin and other Continental Protestants.
Catholics had attempted a similar suppression of
The Free Churches represent a positive thread in
through
Church of England when Mary Tudor was
British life rather than a negative reaction against
the power. Conditions made it impossible for
the establishment. They have made a real
III to have any regular form of church govern-
contribution culturally to the national heritage
ment them at this time; for the continuity and training
and have been a fruitful source of the "non-
thank
of their clergy they had to depend on the
conformist conscience" that has brought about
Continent, where they removed their seminaries.
some of Britain's major reforms.
king
During the reign of James II (1685-1688) the
Origins. The English Free Churches began
Roman Catholics established a rudimentary orga-
to take shape in the Elizabethan period. They
estab
Scotland
nization, but further penal laws followed, and the
objected to the state's claim to have a hand in
beginning of the 18th century saw the low point
the organization of the church. The first recog-
of Roman Catholicism in England.
nizable Congregational church was that organized
any Scota
The penal laws were relaxed in 1778 by the
by Richard Fitz in 1567, in defiance of Eliza-
Scottish
British Parliament and were practically abolished
beth's Act of Uniformity, a decade or so later
England
in 1791, when, because of the French Revolution,
another church was founded in Norwich. Such
the
many Roman Catholic exiles on the Continent re-
separatism was a heinous offence in a state
of
turned to England, and many foreign priests
desperately seeking unity against foreigners, and
bishop
came with them. Roman Catholic chapels then
in 1593 three pioneer Congregationalist martyrs
British
began to appear, and conversions took place.
were hanged for it. In the same year the Con-
Until the passing of the Catholic Emancipation
venticle Act was passed, which imprisoned any-
Church
Act (1829), however, Catholics remained under
one found at an unlawful conventicle until he
national
many civil disabilities, including prohibition from
made a declaration of conformity with the
back
membership of either house of Parliament.
Prayer Book. If such a person resisted too
Its
ruling
The potato famine drove many Irish to
stubbornly, he was banished overseas.
England between 1845 and 1849, and there was
Persecution in England did much to
once
year
term
1 rapid increase in Roman Catholic congregations.
strengthen links with continental Protestantism,
About the same time, the Roman Catholic Church
and the first English Baptist church was closely
which
received several very influential converts, such as
connected with Amsterdam. The most famous of
and
the
from the Church of England: John Henry New-
the English Dissenting churches was the one
man, Henry Manning, and Frederick W. Faber.
from Scrooby, which went first to Leiden in
The Roman Catholic hierarchy was restored
Holland and then sailed to America on the May-
in England in 1850 and in Scotland in 1878.
flower in 1620. English Presbyterianism also had
Since then the church has grown steadily, its
roots in the Puritan movement of the early days
members consisting of roughly three groups: (1)
of Elizabeth's reign when it was still hoped by
hereditary English Roman Catholics; (2) con-
some that the English Church as a whole would
verts and their children; and (3) immigrants
adopt Presbyterianism.
the largest category), among whom Irish and
Puritan Influence. Puritanism had its great
Italians predominate. Since 1870, Roman Catho-
moment in England during the Civil War and the
lics, often at very great sacrifice, have built many
Commonwealth, when a Calvinist system of
schools, which by 1970 had about half a million
church order was imposed and Church of England
pupils attending them in England. There is no
loyalists were summarily ejected. With the res-
Roman Catholic university in Britain. Roman
toration monarchy (amid rejoicing that seemed to
Catholics play a full part in British public life at
show that the English were not Puritans by
all levels, and only a fringe minority of Britons
nature) came the Act of Uniformity of 1662, by
still regard them as being in some way alien.
which some 2,000 Puritan ministers were dis-
The Roman Catholic Church in Britain today
missed and subjected to the severities of the
takes a vigorous part in ecumenical activities,
Clarendon Code, a series of penal laws enacted
which seemed impossible to Romans and non-
between 1661 and 1670. This code was the last
Romans only a decade earlier. Exchanges of pul-
major attempt to establish one religious pattern
pits, joint discussion, and Christian action (but
for all Englishmen. It was followed by a period
not mutual access to the Sacraments) have
of persecution, but the congregations continued
in
the
reflects
become commonplace. Roman Catholics from
to gather, and faithful men served even at the
nearby
hills
other countries, however, often regard English
risk of hanging. The Toleration Act of 1689,
Roman Catholics as conservative. A growing
allowing Nonconformists freedom of worship in
number of liberal English Roman Catholics,
their own way, was their reward, although they
usually intellectuals, have also lamented that
still had to get their meeting places licensed and
their church appears to be lagging behind its
had to pass religious tests before being allowed
counterparts in other countries in the post-Vatican
public office.
II self-renewal process.
Nonconformists still lacked religious equality,
The Roman Catholic Church in Britain is now
but that mattered little to them compared with
organized on traditional lines. There are three
religious freedom. Between 1689 and 1709, nearly
hierarchies-England and Wales (4 archbishops,
1,000 chapels were built, and the Free Churches
292
GREAT BRITAIN: 17. The Churches in Britain
had established their pattern. As late as 1711
Current Trends. The 20th century has not
the Occasional Conformity Act was passed im-
has already been 1
provided so happy a picture. The Free Churches
posing a fine of £40 and loss of office on any
Church Council was
have shared in the general recession; the crusades
person holding civil or military posts who was
they fought have achieved their goals, and the
in 1892, and Bapti
found in a conventicle or in any religious meeting
churches have felt a loss of dynamism in con-
prominent part in it.
of more than 10 persons other than one con-
cile of Evangelical }
sequence. It is almost as if they had thrived
ducted according to the rites of the Church of
and in 1940 these
England. But the worst days were over. The
on opposition. It is significant also that Anglicans
Free Church Federa
have held out friendly hands. What would once
tradition that nourished Fox, Bunyan, Baxter,
1/In 1942 the Briti
Milton, and Cromwell was safe.
have provided fire for a Nonconformist platforni
inaugurated as "a fel
is now discussed quietly in the British Council
Period of Growth. The 18th century was a
British Isles "which
of Churches.
time of great growth for the "Dissenting Bodies,"
as God and Saviour
Plans for reunion of the Anglican and Method-
as they were then known, especially in urban
and therefore seek
areas. They became largely identified with the
ist churches have been discussed for years. In
mon calling to the &
1969 a specific proposal for reunion was re-
middle classes. By 1727 the Presbyterians, Con-
Son and Holy Spir
jected by a narrow margin. The Methodist Con-
gregationalists, and Baptists were able to set up
Churches is associate
ference gave the proposed scheme of reunion a
a formal joint body to watch their interests, and
Ireland and Wales
77% majority, but the Anglican Convocations
five years later the Dissenting Deputies Body,
local Councils of C
gave only a 69% majority. A 75% figure had been
with the right to approach the king, was set up
members, 30 repres
agreed upon as the minimum for immediate
to extend the rights of Dissenters. They were,
there are 3 Roman (
however, still debarred from Oxford and Cam-
action. Voting took place simultaneously but
Judaism. Althous
separately so that neither church could be in-
bridge universities, which stimulated them to set
British Jewry has su
fluenced by the other's decision. After the vote
up academies from which flowed a stream of
values it is difficult
ideas that nourished English cultural life.
authorities such as the Archbishop of Canterbury
the other statistics
Although Nonconformists did little for the
stated that the movement of Anglican opinion
410,000 Jews. The
might soon enable the scheme of reunion to get
English visual arts, such as architecture, they
body of Jews in En
approval. The Church of England is also discuss-
made a real contribution in music. The 18th
the century, ai
ing union with other Free Churches.
century Free Churches also made important con-
sion in 1290 (apart
tributions to world missions, especially with the
Statistical Information. In general, British
conversion and for
Baptist Missionary Society in 1792 and the
churches are not statistically minded. Some give
was provided) they
no figures other than the number of their clergy.
London Missionary Society in 1795-though
financial transactions
Anglicans had anticipated them with the Society
Only in recent years has the Church of England.
was slow, but in 169:
for Promoting Christian Knowledge in 1698 and
for example, attempted to give figures, and even
given implicit parli
the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in
now some of them are inevitably approximations
only for those who
1701. The British and Foreign Bible Society,
Furthermore, there is no commonly accepted defi-
time on they enjoy
founded in 1805 and now mother of a worldwide
nition of the term "membership." It may mean
religious and other
family, is an example of early ecumenical co-
(1) baptized, (2) adults only, (3) communi-
not belonging to the
cants, or (4) adherents.
operation since its original committee consisted of
Jews were not subje
15 Anglicans and 15 Free Churchmen. It was
The following figures, obtained at various
25 those on the Coi
also in the 18th century that the Society of
times during the late 1960's, while accurate in
periods and by smal¹
Friends (first organized in 1688) found its
themselves, are only a rough guide in terms of
there has been lit
identity, that the Unitarians had their first
comparisons. The terminology used by the var-
England However,
congregation (1773), and that the Moravians
ious churches has been accepted here.
community was the
began in England.
all legal disabilities
REPRESENTATIVE SELECTION OF BRITISH CHURCHES
Methodism. The Moravians would be impor-
The first Jewish
tant if they had done no more than influence
Lionel Nathan Roth:
Anglican Churches
John Wesley, one of England's greatest religious
CHURCH OF ENGLAND: Clergy 21,532; members.
century, Jews have
geniuses. Wesley is the supreme example of the
20,500. 27,658,000; buildings used for worship, approximately
to: British life, part
inflexibility of the Church of England at this
arts." intellectual p
CHURCH OF IRELAND: Clergy, 776.
time. He was ordained into it and always wished
CHURCH IN WALES: Clergy, 780.
have also been pron
to remain in it, even though he found it lacking
EPISCOPAL CHURCH IN SCOTLAND: Clergy, 290
The major part
in spiritual vigor. But neither did he find him-
permanent members, 94,364.
and under the juris
self at home among the Dissenters of his day.
Roman Catholic
the United Hebrew
Although Wesley lived and died an Anglican, an
ENGLAND AND WALES: Priests, 7,750: estimated
Commonwealth of
independent system based on his life and teach-
membership, 4,134,854; buildings used for worship.
body is the United
4,770.
ing grew up within his lifetime. At the time of
IRELAND: Priests, 6,031; members, 3,171,020.
There are and the
Reform,and the the L Lil
his death in 1791 there were 294 Methodist
SCOTLAND: Priests, 1,278; members, 880,000.
preachers and 71,668 members in Britain. By
Presbyterian Churches
THE The representati
1784, Methodism already had become a legal
CHURCH OF SCOTLAND: Ministers, 2,000; communi-
munity is the Board
cants, 1,220,023.
entity. From this there were minor secessions in
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF ENGLAND: Ministers.
Elected by by synago
1797, 1805, 1810, 1815, and later; but through
279; members, 63,091.
it all, this church grew both in numbers and in
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN IRELAND: Ministers.
proceedings are deli
closer relationship with the other Free Churches.
560; members, 399,807.
the welfare of
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF WALES: Ministers, 403.
In 1932 the three main branches of Methodism
members, 116,674.
statutory recognitio
came together, making the Methodist Church the
UNITED FREE CHURCH OF SCOTLAND: Ministers.
British government
largest nonconformist group.
79; members, 18,834.
(In Jewish commun
The 19th century has been called the "confi-
Methodist Churches
ters with 1
dent era" of English Nonconformity, a time in
INDEPENDENT METHODIST CHURCH: Ministers
the chief
which it had striking political as well as spiritual
235; members, 6,957.
METHODIST CHURCH (Great Britain excluding Irt
power. Its intense preaching and its closeness to
land): Ministers,
English courts have
are based
the people were important factors, and the very
WESLEYAN 5,217. REFORM
Durely religious ma
disabilities it still suffered in equality before the
Despite the im
law brought it a real sympathy at the expense of
support by its foun
The British Council of Churches. An early asso-
the Church of England.
ciation of churches for common action (1727)
met with only lukew
the Lear of Nati
AUSTRIA: 6. History
791
ingarian magnates
The War of the Austrian Succession (1740-
cept the abolition of serfdom, the Toleration
they agreed that
1748) in its various phases developed into an
Patent, and the Religious-Educational Fund.
inceforth be hered
international conflict in which, at times, Prussia,
Turn of the Century. It was the task of Joseph's
In the Peace
Bavaria, Saxony, Sardinia, Spain, and France
brother Leopold II (reigned as emperor 1790-
acquired all of
opposed Austria and Britain. In the Peace of Aix-
1792) to make peace with Turkey and by judi-
`emesvár. Transyl.
la-Chapelle (1748), Frederick II's possession of
cious concessions to pacify the Belgians and other
to the Hungarian
Silesia was confirmed, and Austria was forced to
peoples of the realm. The policy of centralization
Slavonia was now
cede some of its Italian lands to Sardinia and
was halted; the old diets and estates resumed
Spain. The powers, however, agreed to recognize
their traditional powers. Although the religious
Turkey, Leopold
the Pragmatic Sanction and also Francis I as
laws were not repealed, the Catholic Church re-
and I had under
emperor. The War of the Austrian Succession
gained much of its old supremacy.
had come the
was continued in the Seven Years' War (1756-
The events of the French Revolution and its
mation. So severe
1763), when Maria Theresa made an unsuccessful
repercussions in Belgium and Germany forced
the Protestants
attempt to repossess Silesia from Prussia. This
Leopold to take action. On Feb. 7, 1792, Austria
by Sweden and
time Austria was aided by France and Russia,
and Prussia signed an offensive and defensive al-
states. The
while Britain allied itself with Prussia. Only the
liance. Leopold died before war broke out, and
restricted to the
death of Czarina Elizabeth of Russia in 1762,
his son Francis II had to bear the burdens and
(Debrecen) and
which brought the withdrawal of Russia, saved
defeats of the wars of the French Revolutionary
bypassed by the
Frederick the Great of Prussia from defeat. Si-
era. Austria did not share in the Second Partition
the Turks.
lesia remained in his hands by the terms of the
of Poland (1793) but did join with Russia and
eaties of Utrecht
Treaty of Hubertusburg (1763).
Prussia in the final dismemberment of that coun-
4), which marked
The losses in territory that Maria Theresa
try in 1795.
panish Succession
sustained were offest by the acquisition of Galicia
After Napoleon had been proclaimed emperor
etherlands, Milan
and Lodomeria in the first partition of Poland
of France in 1804, Francis, foreseeing the end of
Sardinia was ex
(1772). In recognition of Austria's neutrality in
the Holy Roman Empire, proclaimed himself
uke of Savoy for
its war with Russia, Turkey in 1779 acquiesced
hereditary emperor of Austria on Aug. 11, 1804.
by the Peace of
in Austrian occupation of Bukovina. These ad-
His new ennoblement did not change the legal
the War of the
ditions brought substantial numbers of Poles,
basis of his various lands, and he still carried his
langed Naples and
Ruthenians, and Jews to Austria's conglomeration
many subsidiary titles. For two years he wore the
and Piacenza. At
of nationalities.
two imperial crowns, but after Napoleon had es-
es VI's son-in-law,
Maria Theresa's wars necessitated financial
tablished the Confederation of the Rhine, Fran-
ensated with Tus
reforms and greater centralization of administra-
cis. laid down the old imperial crown, and on
ne to France. By
tion. She established a state council, which was
Aug. 6, 1806, the Holy Roman Empire came to
territories in Italy
to act in an advisory capacity, and the Austrian
an end. As Francis II he was Holy Roman em-
and Bohemian chanceries were united. She did
peror (1792-1806); as Francis I he was emperor
I the Banat of Te
not abolish the local diets but simply neglected
of Austria (1804-1835).
war with Turkey.
them. Even the important Hungarian Diet was
The disastrous campaigns of the first three
ittle Wallachia and
called only four times during her reign. She en-
coalitions against France led to many territorial
treaty, the Habs
larged the bureaucracy, which was chiefly com-
losses. When Metternich replaced Johann von
se back to Turkey
posed of German-speaking officials.
Stadion in 1809 as minister of foreign affairs,
of 1736-1739.
Joseph II, an "Enlightened Despot." When
Austria drew closer to France for a time. Marie
was greatly con-
Joseph II became sole ruler in 1780 on his
Louise, the daughter of Francis I, was married
accession. In 1713
mother's death, he attempted to centralize the
to Napoleon in 1810. Austria as France's ally
ssion known as the
realm overnight, feeling that it must become one
was forced to supply a contingent for Napoleon's
absburg territories
territory with similar institutions and obligations.
Grand Army when he invaded Russia in 1812. It
eparable and were
He divided the country into 13 new administra-
was less than half-hearted cooperation, however,
ould have one, or
tive districts with directors appointed by the
and Austria subsequently joined in the final coali-
r of seniority, and
crown. He gave serfs the right to leave their lands
tion that brought Napoleon's downfall in 1814.
cession had never
and to marry without the consent of their lords.
The Congress of Vienna. To straighten out the
e Habsburg line
He was also an innovator in religious policy.
affairs of Europe, the powers assembled in Vien-
is settlement from
His Toleration Patent of 1781 brought political
na (September 1814-June 1815). Here Francis I
well as from the
equality to Protestants. Lutherans, Calvinists, and
played host to the sovereigns of Europe. In
ragmatic Sanction
Orthodox were guaranteed free private exercise
spite of the continual round of receptions and
nal document of
of their religion, but their churches could not
parties, the Congress of Vienna under the presi-
e. By it all the
have a tower, a bell, or an entrance from a main
dency of Metternich accomplished a great deal.
of the Habsburg
street. Joseph dissolved 700 monasteries, some of
Austria regained many of its old territories, in-
elves to accept a
them long in a state of decrepitude. State-
cluding Salzburg and most of Galicia, but not
the one mutually
controlled seminaries for the education of priests
Cracow, which became a free city. The cession
a and Hungary.
were erected; all higher clergy were to be ap-
of Belgium to the Netherlands and the loss of
iplomatic prepara-
pointed by the crown. In general, Joseph so
Breisgau were more than offset by the acquisition
dispute arose over
increased the restrictions on the Catholic Church
of new Italian territories in Lombardy, Venetia,
'st daughter, Maria
that the term "Josephinism" came to be applied
and the Illyrian provinces (Dalmatia). In addi-
e Habsburg lands,
to his system of state control of the church.
tion, by dynastic agreements, Austria won domi-
.ne from Frederick
Joseph was an exponent of the ideas of the
nance over many of the other Italian states,
id claim to Silesia.
Enlightenment. One of the most worthy recipi-
becoming the leading power in Italy. In Germany
imed all the Habs-
ents of the accolade "Enlightened Despot," he
it managed to maintain a certain influence by
adidate for the im-
alienated many by his vigorous policy of reform
assuming the presidency of the German Confed-
is elected in 1742.
from the top. His ventures in foreign policy,
eration, which succeeded the Holy Roman Em-
Theresa was suc-
notably his various attempts to acquire Bavaria,
pire.
on of her husband,
failed. He suffered disastrous reverses in a war
The Age of Metternich. So completely did Met-
Francis I was em-
with Turkey, in which he was an ally of Russia.
ternich control the foreign policy of Austria and
Henceforth it was
In the Spanish Netherlands he was confronted by
cast his influence over all Europe that the period
ne that ruled both
a revolution in 1789. Sick and discouraged, on
1815-1848 is often referred to as the Age of
absburg lands.
Jan. 28, 1790, he rescinded all his innovations ex-
Metternich. In order to maintain the peace, he
Items to be fact-checked in the "TOLERANCE" speech to that
was to be given to the Christian Coalition on September 9, 1992:
1). Top of page 2 -- the Bible quote
2). Bottom part of page 2 -- show Curt that "ZACHEUS" is spelled
wrong.
3). Page 3 -- Find out who "Sheila Walsh" is -- and her
connection with Pat Robertson.
4). Page 5 -- ask Curt about: "God ask us to hate the sin --
but, yes, to love the sinner."
2
Confirmed OEOB
to eat broccoli. ]] // As a teenager I memorized the Navy hymn:
(The
"O hear us when we cry to thee / for those in peril on the sea"
-
church
- and learned how death knows no ideology. /
HYMNARY
755,
From Barbara I learned, as the Bible says, "to act justly,
to love mercy, and to walk humbly." [[Believe me, when I compare
my polls to hers, I have something to be humble about. ]] /
Ironically, it was war that taught me civility. I was X 18 X --
same age as many of the enemy. Japanese or Americans -- it
didn't seem to matter. I knew how God would want us both to "be
thy brother's keeper. " //
Then came the post-war years -- for me, a place called Texas
-- where I learned about something called tolerance. Lived the
dream -- Little League, PTA, backyard barcecues. Saw how black
or white, red or brown -- God was color-blind. It was here I
truly learned how to "do unto others." It was a lesson I never
forgot. // /
Let's admit it: It's not easy to "love thy neighbor as
thyself." If it were, you and I would be camels passing through
the eye of a needle. Yet recall the Good Book: If Jesus could The conose
break bread with Zacheus the tax-collector, so can Americans with any
each other. // Zacchaeus
of
Our Nation was forged on tolerance. First came a wave of
Church
bigotry. Baptists preachers arrested for preaching without a
license / voting and property limited to chosen denominations /
564
clerical heresy could mean banishment -- or worse. Then came a
counter-wave. Jefferson said of intolerance: "It is a departure
"The ANNOIS of AMerica"
VOI 3, 1786
3
from the pian of the Holy author of our religion.' Washington
spoke -- I quote -- of "hów the government of the United States
gives to bigotry по sanction, to persecution no assistance."
Recall Rogèr Williams and William Penn, the Hugenots and Quakers
Documentedin various American History ANNals
They showed how in a pluralistic society tolerance could stir the
America" vo13,Pg 434
'The ANNalSof of
melting pot -- and keep hate from setting it on fire. //
By tolerance, I mean the principle and the action: One
without the other is like Pat Robertson without Sheila Walsh.
/
Today, we need both to preach and practice tolerance -- not
just to talk the talk, but to walk the walk. That is why I am
troubled by what I see in America. I see people attacking not
judgement -- but others' intent, and motive. I see certain
topics declared off-limits -- people denied the right to honestly
think and speak their mind. I hear insults hurled recklessly.
"Bigot, racist, fellow traveler, redneck." I see our culture and
our debate coarsened and cheapened. //
When America chooses a President -- you elect not only
programs, but a person. Two men this year seek your support.
You must know what I believe. //
I believe that the definition of a successful life must
include serving others. We cannot serve each other if we demean
each other. / I believe that decency and courtesy are not
character flaws. I believe that family -- whether single-parent
or traditional -- is America'a heirloom of the heart -- and that
the kind of family you come from means less than the
responsiblity you uphold as individuals. //
5
also means opposing a new intolerance: The leper known as
"political correctness. " / You know how the politically correct
would ban classics like Tom Sawyer / insert ridiculous euphemisms
into the English language / and attempt to silence those they
disagree with. / Well, P.C. is not U.S.A. // There's no room
for intellectual blackballing or brown-shirting in the land of
the red, white, and blue. We haven't fought for freedom around
the world -- only to now turn our backs on tactics that would
place a gag on freedom of expression here at home. //
No group has the right to impose its will and dictate its
view of morality on the rest of society. // I know you agree.
Yet I mean to speak the whole truth -- and here it is:
Intolerance is not a word stamped "Liberals only." / Too often
we conservatives have not been vigilant -- but overzealous.
Forgetting why America was founded -- to bring in, not drive
away. Our politics have been of the closed door -- not the open
door. We sometimes forget how God asks us to to hate the sin --
but, yes, to love the sinner.
As conservatives we should ask ourselves: How can we
condone homosexual- and lesbian-bashing / the burning of abortion
clinics / the smearing of non-Americans as unAmerican? Have we
not endorsed the view -- even accidentally -- that since only our
way is good -- others must be bad? There are some who would
build America up by keeping others out. Suggest that that those
not of a certain gender, race, or family structure are second-
class citizens. Dismiss all feminists as extremists --
6
forgetting that this may inadvertently chastise all women who
work for a living. / Yes, Murphy Brown is a single parent, but
so was Andy Taylor. ((Course, he had Aunt Bea in reserve.) )
When God looks down from Heaven, He does not divide black
from white / rural from urban / stay-at-home mothers from single
mothers. He says -- as we must: All are welcome at my table. //
When we sing the song, "Jesus Loves the Little Children,
we
don't mean just those who are affluent / suburban / who have
two laire
parents. We mean all the "children of the world." " Each is
confirms
"precious in His sight."
Barbára and I had six kids -- one died, five are living. I
believe all were precious -- just as all Americans will be
welcome at the table as long as I am President. I believe, too,
that different means neither better nor worse.
In the only election that really counts, God won't ask.
Were you English-speaking? Were you "foreign" -- whatever that
means? He won't ask, did you attend the finest parties? Were
you -- quote, unquote -- "successful"?
Instead, God will ask. Were we kind? Were we selfless?
Did we lend a hand, and tend a wound -- believe in prayer, and
keep God's faith? Did we truly live -- did we try to live -- a
good and honest life?
Let me close with a story about a man who did. It concerns
a man of God. His father and grand-father were ministers.
He
himself was a Minister -- ya a Baptist -- had a lovely wife, Lydia
BNYT
He had dedicated his life to the church.
59-7-92
7
Then, one day in 1982, his wife became infected with H.I.V.
the virus that causes AIDS. She got it from a blood transfusion
NYT
during pregnancy. // Since then his wife has died -- last year,
at, 38, in their home in Dallas. So has their youngest child.
9/7/92
Their first son, 10, also with H.1.V., has survived. But, you
know: I wonder if decency has.
You see, when some discovered that the minister's wife had
H.I.V., they began avoiding him -- shunning him. Five times he
and his family were discouraged from attending Baptist churches.
In the end, he was asked to leave the ministry. / Today, the
NYT
Reverend Scott Allen works on the National Commission on AIDS.
Recalls his wife. Tries to sort out his life. Thinks about what
9/7/92
he was taught in Divinity school: "God will bless your life If
you believe in Him." //
'live'
The truth is that God didn't decide to shun Scott Allen. We
did -- you and me. Too often we have fallen short -- ignored thy
neighbor -- forgot that our fate is indivisible. The Bible says,
"If one member suffers, áll suffer together." If God works in
mysterious ways -- we must work in earthly ways. We must be,
until the end of time, a light unto the world. //
Tolerance allows -- demands -- the right of any American to
take a stand on principle. You may dislike it / detest it /
think it springs from another planet. / No matter -- we must
respect it. America will not be divinely blessed as long as one
American is denied the right to speak his mind
...
to reveal his
heart
to be proud of what he is. //
LUN,
to Keck
Wentz, chairman, $275,000.
Jr., counsel, $205,086.
will pave the way. Hopefully, we'll
Lilly Endowment, Indianapolis, assets $3.6
Lila Wallace-Reader's Digest Fund, New
Howard B.
learn enough from him. Hopefully, this
pensation of
billion. Thomas H. Lake, chairman,
York City, assets $821 million. M. Chris-
will not be the last."
onicle said. The
$357,500.
tine DeVita, president, $94,950.
IDS Finds Closed Doors and Minds at Church
NEW York TiMES: 9/7/92
boy's body in a small coffin beside the
Rev. Larry James, was disturbed
hospital bed. He remembers vividly the
enough by the situation that he quickly
next moment:
resolved to make new policy.
"Bryan's head was over to the side,
"There was a lot of paranoia," of
and the funeral director reached out to
straighten it in the casket. But he
unnecessary, irrational fear," Mr.
James said. "I asked myself, 'What are
stopped and drew back. He said,
'Would you mind moving your son's
we getting into here?' It's like a family
secret that turns into illness and paral-
head for me?' That stung."
ysis for the whole family. I mean, here
A Small Epiphany
we have a group of people who claim to.
But at the same time he had a small
be Christians, a person who has always
epiphany, one that began to make his
followed Christ comes and is rejected
anger dissolve.
- that's news," he said.
"When Bryan died in my arms," he
said, "I realized that it was the virus
Mr. James quickly educated himself
and his congregation on the issues of
that died, not Bryan." His anger at gay
people began to fade, he said, adding,
AIDS, bringing in doctors and others to
"I realized then that I was dealing with
talk about the disease. He adopted for
a virus, not with people."
his day care program a new policy. He
For others, that realization has been
notified all parents that the day care
center would be considered an "H.LV.
difficult.
On returning to the Dallas area he
positive zone" where children attend-
asked the the pastor of the First Bap-
ing may or may not be infected with
tist Church in Arlington, the Rev.
the virus. Everyone would be treated,
Charles Wade, to accept him and his
the same, he said.
wife into the church and their children
Mr. Allen has left the organized
into Sunday school.
church, at least for now, and is search-
Mr. Wade, who is a friend of the Allen
family, said he would make discrete
inquiries among some of the younger,
more progressive parents to see how
they felt. The parents refused to go
Struggling over
along, he said, and dtold him they
would pull their children out of school if
the meanings of
Matthew came.
Rejected by Flagship Pastor
innocence and
Mark Peristein for The New York Times
Later, Mr. Wade raised money to
aptist
transfusion. His wife and his second son, Bryan,
help pay Mr. Allen's salary on the AIDS
guilt.
project at the Christian Life Commis-
two
have both died of AIDS. With Mr. Allen at his
sion. "We are proud of that," Mr. Wade
blood
home in Dallas was his first son, Matthew.
said. "We did help him - just not as
much as we should have."
At another church, the Travis Ave-
ing for a spiritual path that is more
nue Baptist Church in the Fort Worth
open and accepting at its base.
S. Even when church mem-
place," Mr. Allen recalled. "That is
area where Mr. Allen and his family
"I was taught that once you were
1 to take care of those with
completely illogical because transfu-
sions take place everywhere, and there
was living, the pastor at the time was
saved, you were always saved," :he
llen said, often it is with the
is nothing to say that the infected blood
the Rev. Joel Gregory, who has since
said. "Once you gave your life to Jesus,
uring" them of their homo-
become known nationwide as the pas-
your life would be blessed. All that was
came from a gay man. But I felt that
tor of the flagship of fundamentalist
important to me in life was God and my
Vith Strings Attached
angry at first. I kept saying to myself:
'I'm innocent! I didn't do anything!'
Baptist churches, the First Baptist
church and my family. My family was
ice, the love and accept-
For a year, he said, he could not
Chruch in Dallas. President Bush has
taken from me, my church turned its
bring himself to talk to his brother, who
consulted him, and went to that church
back on me, and I felt as if God did, too.,
ot unconditional," he said.
is a homosexual.
last month, when the Republican con-
"Then people said to me that I must
strings attached."
vhen Mr. Allen learned that
vention was being held in Houston.
have never been saved in the first
'What Is This Blessing Stuff?'
1 children had H.I.V., he was
"Brother Joel knew of my situation,
place, or I am just wandering in the
at the First Christian
Mr. Allen said that on the day his
knew my family and even visited my
wilderness, and will return to the fold,"
Colorado Springs. Though he
wife became infected he had taught
house for a minute when my son Bryan
he continued. "That discredits who 1
as not infected, he said, he
Sunday school class, went to the home
died," Mr. Allen said. "But he offered
am now, and the journey I am on: L
of a sick child, preached a sermon; and
no help at all. Not a call, not a word."
have forever lost who I am."
by the pastor, the Rev. War-
leave his ministry.
taught class again in the evening. "My
When asked about the situation in a
Mr. Allen said he now sometimes
did not return telephone
wife had a seizure in the evening on the
telephone interview last week Mr.
feels closer to people whom he former-
ng for comment about the
way home," he said. They say that
Gregory replied, "I don't remember
ly condemned than to people he linked
God will bless your life if you live in
it." He said all people were welcome in
arms with at church.
ys after Mr. Hile and other
Him. But I lost everything. What is this
his church.
embers asked him to step
blessing stuff? What is the meaning of
Several other times, Mr. Allen said,
"I once was at an interfaith confer-
ence and sat down with a man whose
Allen said, he took his family
innocence and guilt?" Divinity
he sought to join churches and have his
out of Colorado Springs in
son openly attend Sunday school, and
lover had just died of AIDS," he said.
The shocks continued as friends
"I saw the pain and sadness in his
of the night, heading home
stopped
His second son, Bryan, school died not long
calling
him.
several times he was rebuffed.
eyes; they were my eyes and I was
le was fearful and angry, he
New Policy at One Church
looking in a mirror. He told me there
th God and man.
after the family returned to Texas. He
was seven months old. Mr. Allen said
But at one church, the Richardson
was one thing I should always do
t I blamed the gays in San
East Church of Christ, the pastor, the
take a lot of pictures. And I have.'
where the transfusion took
he held Bryan as he died and placed the
NY1:9/7192
SEPTEMBER 11, 1992
MEMORANDUM TO CHRISTINA MARTIN
FROM: GARY GERSHOWITZ--SPEECHWRITING
SUBJECT: FAMILY BUDGET in Coalition Speech
SECOND PARAGRAPH, PAGE 6 (WHERE THE PRESIDENT DISCUSSES "THE
SIXTH PART OF MY AGENDA") :
Just spoke to J. D. Foster in Council of Economic Advisors.
He CANNOT CONFIRM "the family budget in 1945" -- his data only
goes back to 1955. Foster said that if we use 1955, "the average
family spent 5.5 percent of its adjusted gross income on federal
taxes."
Document No.
WHITE HOUSE A STAFFING MEMORANDUM
37
SEP
DATE: 09/11/92
ACTION/CONCURRENCE/COMMENT DUE BY: ASAP
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: NATIONAL CHRISTIAN COALITION, VIRGINIA BEACH,
SUBJECT:
VIRGINIA - 09/11
ACTION FYI
ACTION FYI
VICE PRESIDENT
MCBRIDE
BAKER
MOORE
SCOWCROFT
MULLINS
DARMAN
PETERSMEYER
BATES
PORTER
BRADY
PROVOST
BROMLEY
ROSS
CALIO
SMITH
DEMAREST
TUTWILER
FITZWATER
ZOELLICK
KAUFMAN
GRAY
MCGROARTY
HOLIDAY
GROOMES
HORNER
BOSKIN
REMARKS:
Please provide
any comments directly to Dan McGroarty AS SOON AS
POSSIBLE, with
a copy to this office. Thanks.
RESPONSE:
PHILLIP D. BRADY
Assistant to the President
and Staff Secretary
Ext. 2702
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
September 10, 1992
2011 A12: 26
MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT
THROUGH:
STEVE PROVOST
SP
FROM:
CURT SMITH
SUBJECT:
NATIONAL CHRISTIAN COALITION
Tomorrow afternoon you will deliver remarks (16
mins./teleprompted) to a crowd of 11,000 Christian activists at
the second annual Road TO Victory Conference, sponsored by the
National Christian Coalition and Rev. Pat Robertson.
Your remarks showcase your Agenda For American Renewal --
discussing how the six components will help reach the goal of a
$10 trillion economy by the beginning of the next century. The
message of the day is that this campaign will be decided not by
scare tactics -- but on the merit of serious ideas like the ones
you present in your Agenda.
(Smith/Gershowitz)
Draft Two
September 11, 1992
ROBERTSON
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: EVANGELICALS
VIRGINIA BEACH, VA.
FRIDAY, SEPT. 11, 1992
Thank you Pat Robertson -- and I want to salute your
leadership. May I also salute Dede Robertson -- and your sons,
TimandA Gordon. Reverend Sweet -- thank you for that invocation.
Members of the Board of the Christian Coalition. Dan Burton.
Dennis Hastert! Senators Mark Earley and Ken Stolle. The rest
stePheN Phen scheffler christian coalition Field Director Iowa)
of the Beach Boys. 11
((It is said of some groups that "They haven't got a
prayer." Tonight I am pleased to be with an audience about whom
that will never be said.) 11
I am delighted to be in the heart of America's evangelical
community. ((It's always good to know that if it takes divine
intervention to save my speech -- help is close at hand.) 11
You know, you and I are have been accused recently of
focussing our debate and our energies on a narrow topic -- the
American family.
Well, I think it is our critics who are being narrow,
because in my mind -- and I'm sure yours -- the family is the
root of all good. The center of everything that is right about
America.
I talk about the American family, because of something I
learn every day in the Oval Office. When confronting the
2
problems of America, it does no good to attack symptoms -- you
have to go after root causes.
Ask any mayor, any governor, any teacher and, yes, any
preacher -- they'll tell you the same thing. The one sure way to
make America more safe and secure -- is to make our families more
safe and secure. 11
What are the pressures on families today? You know them
better than I do Schools with low academic standards -- ELEMENTS that
undermine our kids traditional values. coarseness of our
culture -- as reflected on TV. Drugs and violence. But today,
the single greatest threat to the American family -- is a weak
economy.
Today, family budgets are stretched by rising health care
costs. Low-income families are hurt, when welfare encourages
dependency, not personal responsibility. And when a Mom or Dad
loses a job -- the impact is felt first right at home.
So if we care about the family and we all de we have
to figure out a way to make sure that America in the 21st century
is more than a military superpower -- but that we are also an
export superpower, and an economic superpower.
That's why yesterday in Detroit, I laid out my "Agenda for
American Renewal." A comprehensive plan to make America the
world's first $10 trillion dollar economy by the first years of
the 21st Century. With that kind of dynamic growth, STRENGTHEN we will be
able to address our problems here at home -- and make the
American family. 11
3
Right now, in our factories, one of every 6 manufacturing
jobs is tied to trade. On our farms, one in every three acres we
harvest will be sold abroad. In the century ahead -- in your
lifetime -- the percentage of your paycheck that comes from what
America sells abroad is only going to grow. And while my
opponent goes around tearing down America, don't forget a simple
for American ReNewal
fact. If you want to talk to the world's most productive
workers, you don't buy a ticket to Japan or Germany -- you go to
Tulsa, or Tampa or Tempe. The most productive workers in the
world can ARE be found right AS here -- MORE in the USA. 11
I have faith that # we openYforeign markets, our workers
will satisfy the demand for our products. so my agenda starts
with a global trade strategy -- to build a network of new free
trade agreements, not just with Canada and Mexico, but with Chile
and other Latin America nations, as well as emerging democracies
like Czechoslovakia and Poland. While some say America should
turn AWAY in from the world economy, I say lets reach out. After all,
the American worker will never retreat. We always compete -- and
we will win. 11
But understand -- developed economies need developing minds.
That's why my "Agenda for American Renewal" takes aim at a second
critical challenge -- preparing our children for the new Century
ahead. That means a revolution in American education.
Competition works in our economy -- I believe it's time to
bring some competition to the classroom. I know Secretary Lamar
Alexander was with you today and I'm sure he talked about our GI
secretary Alexander's
scheduling
1100CE An
Bill for Kids. It would gfvel thousand dollar scholarships to
LINCOME
parents
so that they can choose the school they want their
child to attend.
nadio address 6/92
My opponent says he supports a variety of choice in
education. But if you'll look read closeV 4 he wants parents to
choose between public schools, public schools, public schools. I
don't think that's right. Whether it's the public school across
town or the private or religious school right across the street,
I believe parents, not the government, should decide which school
is best for their kids. 11
Now, the third key component of my agenda for American
?
renewal: Helping America's businesses sharpen their competitive
DISCUSSION
edge. Small businesses create 2/3 of all new American jobs --
of
scitool
and they're the first to turn change to advantage in a fast-
PRAYER
moving economy. Pat Robertson is a businessman. He'll tell you
AMEND.
what holds back business in America today -- regulation /
2
taxation / and litigation. I want to cut them all.
You know, America has become the land of the lawsuit --
if
HAM you A
you fall off a ladder these days, a lawyer will be there to catch
BUSINESS CARD
you -- before you hit the ground. Each year, consumers and
companies spend up to $200 billion dollars on direct payments to
lawyers. That's crazy, and I want to do something about it. I
believe as a nation, we must sue each other less and start caring
for one another more. //
That brings me to the fourth part of my agenda -- providing
economic security -- for all Americans.
5
In the past four years, we've done so much to bring peace to
the world, but our victory is not complete, until we have peace
of mind at home.
Whether your collar is blue or white, whether you till the
farm or work on the assembly line, Americans today worry about
health care. They ask -- can I afford it? What if I lose it?
Again, we have two alternatives. My opponent offers a plan
that would have government set prices, and could eventually lead
to having 13 percent of our GNP under the same people who gave us
the House Post Office.
9/10/92
Detroit ECON speech
(I used to say that his system would give us the efficiency
of the House Post Office, and the compassion of the KGB. But I
don't say that anymore, I'm afraid of getting letters from Russia
saying -- "quit knocking the KGB.")
I have a different approach, a better approach. Cut costs
by going after the root causes of the health care explosion --
like medical malpractice. Encourage small businesses to pool
their coverage, driving down price. Use the principles of the
marketplace, to make sure that when it comes to medicine, the
intense pain only occurs at the doctor's office, not at home when
you get the
bill. iT AFFORD TO WASTE THE ABILITIES OF A SINGLE PERSON
America can have no spare people -- if we are to compete.
so the fifth part of our Agenda for American Renewal must mean an
America that leaves no one behind. Welfare as we know it has to
change. Today welfare drains taxpayers of hard-earned dollars -
- and recipients of hard-to-replace dignity. But now, states
6
like Wisconsin are saying -- "enough is enough With our help,
they experimenting with programs that reward work and personal
responsibility. Remarks iN Appleton, Wis 7/27/92
We need a welfare system that encourages families to stick
together -- and fathers to stick around. 11
The sixth part of my Agenda For America will bring change to
one of the most change-resistant institutions in 1955 America: The
X
FEDERAL government. Think about the family budget in 1945. Back then,
the average family spent 2 percent of its adjusted gross income
on federal taxes -- today, the figure is almost 24 percent.
25.9
Why TOO are many Moms and Dads forced to spend less time with
For
their childreng so they can feed Uncle Sam.
1955
My opponent has a boundless enthusiasm for government. He
WANTS offers at least $220 billion in new spending, and $150 billion in
new taxes -- that's just to start.
I take a different approach. I believe Government is too
big, and it spends too much of your money.
/
That's why my agenda includes a new idea to drive down the
deficit -- by giving you -- the American taxpayer -- the power to
earmark a full 10 percent of your federal tax dollars for one
purpose, and one purpose only: to pay down the national debt. //
This is the AN outline of my Agenda for America. Many of the
ideas are well underway, others are new. But all represent a
serious response -- to the economic challenges of this new age -
-- an answer to the questions being asked around American's
dining room tables.
AUTHOUGH OTHERS MAY Him OPPOSE THEMO
7
I have diagnosed the problem, and offered specific solutions
not all of them are popular. And I'm asking for a mandate, so
we can put my ideas into action immediately, and get this economy
moving again.
HE
For now, at least, my opponent has chosen a different
strategy. Rather than talk about what / wants to do for America,
he spends all his time and energy belittling my ideas, and
playing on fears.
One example. I want to talk about ways to limit the growth
of government spending -- which every expert will tell you must
be done. But instead of offering any spending restraint of his
own, Governor Clinton simply goes around saying -- watch out
seniors, watch out Veterans, watch our disabled.
I know times are tough. But what do you think of
sandidate, who is more interested in playing on people's fears,
RATHER
than dealing with real problems
HH
say
that candidate will do DEE
anything to get elected
WILL NOT MOVE US FORWARD
OF
I believe America deserves a serious discussion an the
issues. Issues like how to renew our nation by spurring economic
growth, so that we can help strengthen our families. I will talk
about ideas that can deal not just with our immediate challenges
today, but will build a safer and more secure America tomorrow.
Before I leave, let me just say that I know you cannot
endorse me, but I endorse you -- and all the work you are doing
to restore the spiritual foundation of our nation.
8
heart
Matthew will of 6:21 a\so." reminds us, "Where your your treasure X its, Will
agenda, and be also. N Our treasure is America. is, ther ayour
crusade to your efforts in the grassroots, we are With our Renewal
past. create // an American future -- that is worthy joined of proud in a
this great nation, the United States of America.
Thank you all for this warm welcome -- and may God bless
The Page: OPEN 892 Bible # # # EditioN, 1975,
Bob Said Marlow, Pres. Advance
(Smith/Gershowitz)
Not president
be Present Will
Draft Two
September 11, 1992
ROBERTSON
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: EVANGELICALS
VIRGINIA BEACH, VA.
FRIDAY, SEPT. 11, 1992
Pat Robertson and I want to salute your leadership. Dede
Robertson -- and their sons, ?/ Tim and Gordon. Reverend Sweet --
thank you for that invocation. Members of the Board, Christian
JOHN WONTL
Coalition. Dan Burton. PennierHastert Senators Mark Earley
and Ken Stolle. The rest of the Beach Boys.
"Dstephen
( (It is often said of a group that "They haven't got
scheFFler.
prayer. " Tonight I am pleased to be with an audience about whom
that will never be said. )) //
I am delighted to be in the heart of America's evangelical
community. ((It's always good to know that if it takes divine
intervention to save my speech -- help is close at hand.) ) //
I want to talk to you about what we call family values.
Perhaps we should term them traditional values -- for they are as
old as Scripture and as young as the American Dream. They apply
to single and two-parent families / to stay-at-home and working
mothers. They can uplift all Americans -- black or white / rural
DON dais instead of HasteR
or urban / the privileged or the poor. //
Traditional values matter in a moral sense. Tim, you know
this as president of the Family Channel: We do need a Nation
closer to The Waltons than The Simpsons. / We need to live what
the Good Shepherd preached: Timeless teachings like tolerance,
compassion, faith, and courage. //
2
Next, traditional values matter in a military sense --
helping us, as Christ said, "be a light unto the world. / A
strong America can protect things like freedom of expression, and
to worship as we please. Remember Panama / Eastern Europe / the
fall of Communism / the Persian Gulf. Today, the times are on
the side of peace -- because the world is on the side of God. //
Traditional values can also meet America's greatest
challenge: You know what it is -- the economy. //
Think of the economy as an equation. Our economy depends on
growth. Growth creates prosperity. Prosperity creates jobs
X
X
X
lifts hope --- above all, keeps families intact. Barbara and I
x
have 5 kids, 12 grand-kids. ( (That's the kind of expansion that
makes even the Federal bureaucracy jealous.) ) I know how the
family matters. That is why I believe: Government should help
keep families together --- not adopt policies to drive them apart.
By pro-family, I mean it isn't enough just to talk the talk
about keeping taxes, spending, and regulation low. We have to
walk the walk -- following policies that build on our strengths.
Inflation down. Interest rates at a twenty-year low
American standard of living the highest in the world. //
An Detroit club speediallolar ECONOMIC
So yesterday I released my Agenda for American Renewal. My
agenda for action - by the year 2000 to bring our economy to ten
Detroit ECONOMIC club PAgez
trillion dollars strong Can we achieve it? Can we ever -- for
Americans are an extraordinary people. What we need is to give
them the keys to do extraordinary things. I can -- and we will.
3
The first key unlocks foreign markets. It's called
Challenging the world. We've got to complete global trade
negotiations, and get congressional approval of the North
Detroit ECONOMIC C/UBT75, 9-10-92
American Free Trade Agreement. Trade with Mexico and Canada
already brings billion dollars into America each year. NAFTA
x
would turn the whole country into a gigantic free-trade zone -- a
$6 trillíon market from the Yukon to the Yucatan. // WASH Post
My opponent used to support this agreement -- then opposed
it. Now he says: "I'm reviewing it carefully; when I have a
definitive opinion I will say so." " / Pat, I'm glad you have the
"700 Club" -- but I think my opponent should have a "700 Club" of
his own. That's the number of positions he takes on each issue.
/ I don't recall hearing leadership defined as "Please leave a
message and we 11 get back to you. " //
The second key to X opportunity is Preparing our Children.
x
X
Developed economics demand developing minds
...
our schools must
prepare our kids to compete in an ever-shrinking world. /
Already we spend more per pupil than almost any other country --
so money's not the answer. Raising standards -- community
involvement -- and giving parents school choice is. //
((There's a tale I like about a teacher who asked a young
boy, "So your favorite book is about Jonah and the Whale. What
does that story teach us?"
Detroit speech, ECON 9-10-92 (Phrased sligitly different)
The boy answered, "People make whales sick. )
Well, whether it's public, private or religious -- parents,
not government, should choose where their children learn -- and
4
what they learn about. Jonah no less than Jane Fonda. // In
fact, Jonah more than Jane Fonda. This President will never
discriminate against religious based schools. //
X
X
Here's my third key to unlocking the future: Sharpening
Businesses' Competitive Edge. / Now, I spent half of my life as
a businessman. I cringe when my opponent says he wants to do for
businesses across America what he's done for businesses in
Arkansas. // Governor Clinton doesn't seem to get that private
dollars build more businesses -- public businesses build more
bureaucracies. How could he? He's spent his professional life
feeding at the government trough. I spent mine in business
hating regulations that turn red tape into pink slips. That's
why I want to cut Federal paperwork. And we've got to put a
restraining order out on our legal system. /
My opponent's a lawyer. Nothing wrong with that -- I guess.
But it takes a leap of faith even God might not request to
imagine one running the entire country. /
((I don't want to get into trouble with the Bar Association.
/ Oh, why not? // I once quoted to someone that line, "An apple
a day keeps the doctor away." He said: "What works for
lawyers?) )
I believe America needs more faith -- and fewer lawsuits.
We'd be better off if we start caring for each other more -- and
X
suing each other less. I also believe in the fourth key of my
X
agenda for American Renewal: Promoting Economic Security.
Detroit
ECON
9/10/92
5
Economic security means job training to ease workers into our new
economy. It means health care reform -- my proposals would cut
394 billion dollars of health care costs over five years.
/
The good Governor has a different prescription: "take two
aspirin and call me after the election." Sorry: An America
headache would result from his binge. Nor do I agree with my
opponent about helping the poor. He wants to give them a room
Leaving No One Behind -- focuses not X on how much we hand out --
but how many we help up: I can't forget how past policies put a
B. AMericaN ReNewal
Detroit ECON-9-10-92
with a view. I want to slip them the keys This fifth key --
roof over people's heads -- but forget to build the door.
I want to open the door to housing vouchers, Enterprise
Pg6 ToPliN, MO speech- 9-11-92
Zones, and workfare reforms. And I want to strengthen it by our
final key -- Rightsizing Government. Today, the Federal
JopliN,
Booklet DetroitEcoN speech,9-10-92
government spends almost a quarter of every dollar of the 9-11-92
Mospeech
nation's income. My opponent doesn't think that's enough. He
wants 150 billion dollars worth of Taxes new spending. And he wants be 150
your pot of gold up front to pay for his rainbow.
#230=SPENdiNg
Billionin
the IN the "Agenda"
I disagree. I think government's not taxing too little --
New
it's spending too much. So the agenda I published yesterday
11Taxes4
contains caps on the growth of government spending and a freeze
Not
on domestic spending. AA A balanced budget and a line-item veto.
I've also proposed a check off box on tax returns -- to give
taxpayers their own private veto pen. Some editorialists sneer
at my check-off proposal. As usual, they know best. But the
6
American people seem to like my idea. As usual, they know
better. //
It won't be easy to enact my agenda for American Renewal.
The bureuaucracy opposes it. The special interests detest it. /
But I'm up for the fight -- and so are you. Just as we're ready
for other causes. Things like the sancity of life born and
unborn. Parental leave which respects working and stay-at-home
mothers. And, yes, let me say it again: I want a Constitutional
Amendment restoring voluntary prayer to our schools. //
I know that you cannot endorse me. But I want to close by
endorsing an America both great and good -- and recalling a
glorious moment in the American story. It occurred on D-Day /
June 6, 1944 / as Dwight Eiserhower addressed the sailors,
soldiers, and airmen of the Allied Expeditionary Force. //
"You are about to embark, " he told them, "upon a great
crusade. The eyes of the world are upon you. The hopes and
D. Eisenhower
prayers of liberty-loving people everywhere march with you." And
to PAPPES
then Ike spoke this moving prayer: "Let us all beseech the
pg
blessing of Almighty God, upon this great and noble undertaking.
=
American renewal is a great and noble undertaking. Military
renewal. Economic renewal. Moral renewal. We cannot afford to
fail -- and will not -- for we are Americans. Thank you for your
kindness, and may God bless this wondrous land -- the United
States of America.
####
PAGE
1
LEVEL 2 - - 1 OF 16 DOCUMENTS
Public Papers of the Presidents
Remarks at a Breakfast With Community Service Clubs in
Riverside, California
28 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 1359
July 31, 1992
LENGTH: 2084 words
welfare, welfare said no. I want a system that rewards responsibility,
and I want a system that says yes.
Now, in making these changes, I've put my trust in the States more than
Washington. That's the philosophical underpinning of our approach to welfare.
So a big part of our efforts it to give Sates the freedom to make the changes
they want, new ideas, new opportunities, new flexibility.
I asked Gail Wilensky, my very able welfare reform specialist who works
with me in the White House, asked her this: What is the basic problem? She said
that key old thinkers in the United States Congress and old thinkers in the
28 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 1359
bureaucracy really believe -- it's a conviction with them really believe that
welfare policy should be controlled and dictated from Washington, D.C. They are
100 percent wrong. We must put the trust in the States and in the communities
and thus in the people.
Our initiatives come in many forms, and they take many shapes. From job
training programs right here in Riverside to our successful effort to make sure
that every eligible 4-
...
...
one works even part-time, they can lose their check. Fathers faced an
awful Hobson's choice: the kids or the weekly payment. And far too many chose
the payment.
We've given States like Wisconsin the freedom to experiment with allowing
moms or dads to work without losing payments. I believe it's time we encourage
families to stick together and fathers to stick around. But when dads do take
off, we don't
...
child." Let some try that. I know this is a tough call, a tough
decision, but 50 is a system in which poverty is handed down from generation to
generation.
TM
TM
TM
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PAGE 2
28 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 1359
These ideas are happening in Wisconsin, in New Jersey, in Oregon, in
Maryland, and yes, right here in California. Pete Wilson is fighting hard
against an entrenched bureaucracy there in Sacramento to end the practice of
welfare shopping, to ...
LEVEL 2 - 3 OF 16 DOCUMENTS
Public Papers of the Presidents
Remarks on Arrival in Appleton, Wisconsin
28 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 1335
July 27, 1992
LENGTH: 566 words
...
I do have an official announcement I want to make today. I first want to
salute Governor Thompson, Senator Kasten, and our distinguished Members of the
United States House of Representatives. Great to be back in this State that's
built on faith and family and freedom. Wisconsin is a great example to the
rest of America, just as America is to the entire world. And today I'm very
proud to be in a place where programs like Learnfare and Workfare and the
Parental Responsibility Act all tell America: Watch Wisconsin because
Wisconsin works.
Governor Thompson wants Wisconsin to work even better, and that's why he's
joined my crusade to reform our welfare system. Let's face it, we know the
system has failed the people. It doesn't lift families from poverty; it traps
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PAGE 3
28 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 1335
Last April my administration signed a first waiver for Wisconsin. And
today it will sign a second giving Governor Thompson the freedom to further
reform this State's welfare program. Governor Thompson's ultimate goal is to
break the cycle of dependency that traps so many people and create incentives
for recipients to work and learn. He understands that more important than
having an America that helps people in need is building an America where fewer
people need to be helped.
Today I want to challenge other States in our country to follow
Wisconsin's lead in bringing new ideas to our welfare system. Last week we
approved New Jersey's Family Development Program, whose reforms in the State
welfare program reward work and unite families. And I am confident other
States will now do what America does best, bring local genius to local needs.
In coming months, we are going to watch Wisconsin to see how Wisconsin
works. Together, we can help change that welfare system and, in doing so,
change America. I'm proud to sign this waiver. I congratulate Governor
Thompson and the people of Wisconsin.
Thank you all very, very much.
Note: The President spoke at 1:19 p.m. at the Outagamie County Airport.
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THE WHITE HOUSE
wAShINGTON
SEPTEMBER 11, 1992
MEMORANDUM TO CHRISTINA MARTIN
FROM: GARY GERSHOWITZ--SPEECHWRITING
SUBJECT: FAMILY BUDGET in Coalition Speech
SECOND PARAGRAPH, PAGE 6 (WHERE THE PRESIDENT DISCUSSES "THE
SIXTH PART OF MY AGENDA"):
Just spoke to J. D. Foster in Council of Economic Advisors.
He CANNOT CONFIRM "the family budget in 1945" -- his data only
goes back to 1955. Foster said that if we use 1955, "the average
family spent 5.5 percent of its adjusted gross income on federal
taxes."
family >family budget budgett
1735
Eisenhower Mss., Subject File,
Messages to Troops of A.E.F.
To TROOPS OF A.E.F.
June 6, 1944
Soldiers, Sailors and Airmen of the Allied Expeditionary Forces!: You are
about to embark upon the Great Crusade, toward which we have striven
these many months. The eyes of the world are upon you. The hopes and
prayers of liberty-loving people everywhere march with you. In company
with our brave Allies and brothers-in-arms on other Fronts you will bring
about the destruction of the German war machine, the elimination of Nazi
tyranny over oppressed peoples of Europe, and security for ourselves in a
free world.
Your task will not be an easy one. Your enemy is well trained, well
equipped and battle-hardened. He will fight savagely.
But this is the year 1944! Much has happened since the Nazi triumphs of
1940-41. The United Nations have inflicted upon the Germans great defeats,
in open battle, man-to-man. Our air offensive has seriously reduced their
strength in the air and their capacity to wage war on the ground. Our Home
Fronts have given us an overwhelming superiority in weapons and muni-
tions of war, and placed at our disposal great reserves of trained fighting
men. The tide has turned! The free men of the world are marching together
to Victory!
I have full confidence in your courage, devotion to duty and skill in battle.
We will accept nothing less than full victory!
Good Luck! And let us all beseech the blessing of Almighty God upon
this great and noble undertaking.¹
1 G-1 prepared this Order of the Day and the following document under the date
of May 4. On the draft Eisenhower had written: "To G-1. I've changed this a bit.
Look it over and show it to C/S, before submitting to me again" (May 4, SHAEF
SGS 335.18 Messages to Troops of A.E.F.). Smith made no changes in the docu-
ment, which was issued exactly as Eisenhower had revised it. The text is reprinted
in Pogue, Supreme Command, p. 545.
1736
Eisenhower Mss., Subject File,
Messages to Troops of A.E.F.
To TROOPS OF THE A.E.F.
[June 6, 1944]
Draft of Suggested Letter on Conduct of Troops in Liberated Countries:¹
You are soon to be engaged in a great undertaking-the invasion of
Europe. Our purpose is to bring about, in company with our Allies, and our
comrades on other fronts, the total defeat of Germany. Only by such a com-
1913
09/09/92 11:50
8044249068
CHRISTIAN COAL N
1
001/003
Christian Coalition
TELECOPY TRANSMISSION
DATE:
9-9-92
TO:
Gary Gershowitz
FAX NO. :
NO. OF PAGE(S):
3
(Including cover sheet)
FROM:
RE:
Ralph Speech Reed (or- Mona)
MESSAGE:
Phone: 804 424-2630
Christian coalition
424-5511
825 Greenbrier Circle. Suite 202, Chesapeake, Virginia 23320 804-424-2630 FAX: 804-424-9068
09/09/92
11:51
8044249068
CHRISTIAN COAL N
002/003
Christian Coalition
MEMORANDUM TO: GARY GERSHOWITZ
FROM:
RALPH REED
SUBJ:
PRESIDENT'S SPEECH
DATE:
SEPTEMBER 9, 1992
1. Where is event?
The Virginia Ballroom of the Founders Inn and Conference
Center in Virginia Beach. An estimated 1,500 people will be
in attendance.
2. Any noteworthy people?
Locally elected Republican state legislators: State Sen. Ken
Stolle, Delegate Bob McDonnell, and five others known
collectively as the "Beach Boys." Tim Robertson, Pat's son,
president of the Family Channel, the fourth largest cable network
in the nation. Pat McSweeney, chairman of the Virginia
Republican Party. George Sweet, pastor of Atlantic Shores
Baptist Church, will give the invocation.
3. Who will introduce
EMPLOYES President? "Family exclusive
Pat Robertson.
Rights to"the
4. Who is on Dais?
Wattons"
Pat Robertson
Dede Robertson (Pat's wife)
Gordon Robertson (Pat's son, Chairman, 2nd District GOP)
Ralph Reed, executive director, Christian Coalition
Jim Chapman, Republican nominee for Congress in 2nd district
Dick Weinhold, Board of Directors, Christian Coalition
Billy McCormack, Board of Directors, Christian Coalition
The Honorable Dan Burton (R-IN)
The Honorable Dennis Hastert (R TL) (R
Pat McSweeney, Chairman, Republican Party of Virginia
Sara Hardman, president, California Christian 11 Coalition 11
5. Name of Closest High School?
Roberta COMbS "
11 South carolina
Kempsville High School (Kempsville Chiefs)
Colors: Red, Blue and Silver
Won-loss record: (no games yet this year)
1801-L Sara Drive, Chesapeake, Virginia 23320 804-424-2630 FAX: 804-424-9068
09/09/92 11:51
8044249068
CHRISTIAN COAL'N
1
003/003
Last team played:
Score of Last Game:
First game is Friday night against Great Bridge High.
6. Any Local Event?
Laborfest just concluded: a Labor Day weekend holiday
celebration at the beach, sponsored by the City of Virginia
Beach.
Neptune Festival: coming up later this month to commemorate
the end of the beach season, centered around a mythical King
Neptune, lots of activities such as sand castle contests.)
09/09/92 13:15 8044249068
CHRISTIAN COAL 'N
001/002
Christian
Coalition
URGENT FAX
DATE: 9/9/92
TO:
Gary Cershouite 202-454-6218
FAX TELEPHONE NUMBER.:
NUMBER OF PAGES:
2
(INCLUDING COVER SHEET)
FROM: Ralph Reed
MESSAGE:
"Giving Christians a voice in their government again."
1801-L Sara Drive. Chesapeake. Virginia 23320 (804) 424-2630 Fax: (804) 424-9068
09/09/92 13:15
8044249068
CHRISTIAN COAL'N
5.
002/002
MEMO TO: GARY GERSHOWITZ
FROM: RALPH REED
DATE: SEPTEMBER 9, 1992
Sen. Mark Earley*
Sen. Ken Stolle*
(STOILY)
Del. Bob Purkey
Del. Bob Tata
Del. Bob McDonnell
Del. Frank Wagner
Del. Leo Wardrup
*Gary, I think you can get away with just mentioning Mark
Earley and Ken Stolle, and just referring to the others
as "the rest of the Beach Boys."
(Smith/Gershowitz)
Draft Three
September 9, 1992
TOLERANCE
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: EVANGELICALS
VIRGINIA BEACH, VA.
FRIDAY, SEPT. 11, 1992
President . Director . My good friend Pat Robertson --
and I want to salute your leadership. Ladies and gentlemen.
((It is often said of a group that "They haven't got a
prayer. Tonight I am pleased to be with an audience about whom
that will never be said. )) //
I am delighted to be in the heart of America's evangelical
community. ((It's always good to know that if it takes divine
intervention to save my speech -- help is close at hand. )) //
I want to talk to you today less as President than as
husband, father, neighbor, friend. Talk a little bit about the
teachings of the Sermon on the Mount -- lessons which recall that
while God can live without man, man cannot live without God. //
The Good Shepherd taught us many things. Faith, fidelity,
compassion, courage. He also taught that we could not be a light
unto others if we embraced darkness in ourselves. / Nation or
individual -- we were put here to love, not hate, each other.
Which is why I believe that tolerance is a virtue -- not a vice.
All of us learn different lessons at different stages of our
lives. / For instance, I learned about prayer as a kid at the
dinner table -- when each day mother or dad read a Bible lesson.
[[Well, up to a point. I don't think that even God could get me
Jacqui cragg
2
confirmed OEOB librarian
to eat broccoli. ]] // As a teenager I memorized the Navy hymn:
(The
"O hear us when we cry to thee / for those in peril on the sea"
-
church
- and learned how death knows no ideology. /
HYMNANY
'SSL
From Barbara I learned, as the Bible says, "to act justly,
to love mercy, and to walk humbly." [[Believe me, when I compare
my polls to hers, I have something to be humble about. ]] /
Ironically, it was war that taught me civility. I was X 18 --
same age as many of the enemy. Japanese or Americans -- it
didn't seem to matter. I knew how God would want us both to "be
thy brother's keeper.' " //
Then came the post-war years -- for me, a place called Texas
-- where I learned about something called tolerance. Lived the
dream -- Little League, PTA, backyard barcecues. Saw how black
or white, red or brown -- God was color-blind. It was here I
truly learned how to "do unto others." It was a lesson I never
forgot. //
Let's admit it: It's not easy to "love thy neighbor as
thyself." If it were, you and I would be camels passing through
the eye of a needle. Yet recall the Good Book: If Jesus could X The conose concise
break bread with Zacheus the tax-collector, so can Americans with Hard Diction any Diction
each other. // Zacchaeus
the christian of
Our Nation was forged on tolerance. First came a wave of
Church
bigotry. Baptists preachers arrested for preaching without a
license / voting and property limited to chosen denominations /
564
clerical heresy could mean banishment -- or worse. Then came a
counter-wave. Jefferson said of intolerance: "It is a departure
"The ANNOIS of AMerica"
VOI 3, 53, 12, 1786
3
from the plan of the Holy author of our religion.' Washington
spoke -- I quote -- of "how the government of the United States
gives to bigotry no sanction, to persecution no assistance."
Recall Roger Williams and William Penn, the Hugenots and Quakers
Documentedin various American History ANNals
They showed how in a pluralistic society tolerance could stir the
heh БД '{on AMERICA
'The ANNalSof of
melting pot -- and keep hate from setting it on fire. //
By tolerance, I mean the principle and the action: One
without the other is like Pat Robertson without Sheila Walsh.
/
Today, we need both to preach and practice tolerance -- not
just to talk the talk, but to walk the walk. That is why I am
troubled by what I see in America. I see people attacking not
judgement -- but others' intent, and motive. I see certain
topics declared off-limits -- people denied the right to honestly
think and speak their mind. I hear insults hurled recklessly.
"Bigot, racist, fellow traveler, redneck." I see our culture and
our debate coarsened and cheapened. //
When America chooses a President -- you elect not only
programs, but a person. Two men this year seek your support.
You must know what I believe. //
I believe that the definition of a successful life must
include serving others. We cannot serve each other if we demean
each other. / I believe that decency and courtesy are not
character flaws. I believe that family -- whether single-parent
or traditional -- is America'a heirloom of the heart -- and that
the kind of family you come from means less than the
responsiblity you uphold as individuals. //
4
I believe in the rule of reason -- not force. I know that
we are all God's children -- and that we should treat each other
gently. We can't just listen to each other. We have to hear.
After all: Only God has a monopoly on truth. //
When the rights of unborn children are abolished -- that's
not tolerance but intolerance. When our children's textbooks
become value-neutral -- with the historical role of religion in
America repudiated -- I call that amnesia about everything which
tolerance conveys. /
When a teacher in Colorado is ordered to refrain from silent
reading of the Bible during pre-class time and remove all Bibles
from his class -- there's a word for this. Unfair. //
Beltway, 9/2/92
Inside the
wash TiMes,
And when television shows trash traditional values / when
network TV offers countless programs which glorify sex and
profanity / and when it refuses to even acknowledge the millions
of Americans who believe in goodness, generosity, modesty,
integrity. Here is my response. Not a rose is a rose is a rose.
Enough is enough is enough. //
Here's an example of intolerance. Last week, the District
of Columbia's health commissioner ordered school nurses to
dispense condoms to students even -- get this -- if parents write
letters asking that their children not be given them. / The
section 01, 9/4/92
Wash Post
silence has been deafening: Apparently, many stand with the
bureaucracy. I refuse to be silent: I stand with parents. //
Tolerance includes parents' rights to raise their kids --
teach them values -- a decent respect for right versus wrong. It
5
also means opposing a new intolerance: The leper known as
"political correctness. " / You know how the politically correct
would ban classics like Tom Sawyer / insert ridiculous euphemisms
into the English language / and attempt to silence those they
disagree with. / Well, P.C. is not U.S.A. // There's no room
for intellectual blackballing or brown-shirting in the land of
the red, white, and blue. We haven't fought for freedom around
the world -- only to now turn our backs on tactics that would
place a gag on freedom of expression here at home. //
No group has the right to impose its will and dictate its
view of morality on the rest of society. // I know you agree.
Yet I mean to speak the whole truth --- and here it is:
Intolerance is not a word stamped "Liberals only. / Too often
we conservatives have not been vigilant -- but overzealous.
Forgetting why America was founded -- to bring in, not drive
away. Our politics have been of the closed door -- not the open
door. We sometimes forget how God asks us to hate the sin --
but, yes, to love the sinner.
As conservatives we should ask ourselves: How can we
condone homosexual- and lesbian-bashing / the burning of abortion
clinics / the smearing of non-Americans as unAmerican? Have we
not endorsed the view -- even accidentally -- that since only our
way is good -- others must be bad? There are some who would
build America up by keeping others out. Suggest that that those
not of a certain gender, race, or family structure are second-
class citizens. Dismiss all feminists as extremists --
6
forgetting that this may inadvertently chastise all women who
work for a living. / Yes, Murphy Brown is a single parent, but
so was Andy Taylor. (Course, he had Aunt Bea in reserve.) )
When God looks down from Heaven, He does not divide black
from white / rural from urban / stay-at-home mothers from single
mothers. He says -- as we must: All are welcome at my table. //
When we sing the song, "Jesus Loves the Little Children, we
don't mean just those who are affluent / suburban / who have two
parents. We mean all the "children of the world." Each is
"precious in His sight. "
/
Barbara and I had six kids -- one died, five are living. I
believe all were precious -- just as all Americans will be
welcome at the table as long as I am President. I believe, too,
that different means neither better nor worse.
In the only election that really counts, God won't ask.
Were you English-speaking? Were you "foreign" -- whatever that
means? He won't ask, did you attend the finest parties? Were
you -- quote, unquote -- "successful"?
Instead, God will ask. Were we kind? Were we selfless?
Did we lend a hand, and tend a wound -- believe in prayer, and
keep God's faith? Did we truly live -- did we try to live -- a
good and honest life?
Let me close with a story about a man who did. It concerns
a man of God. His father and grand-father were ministers.
He
himself was a Minister -- a Baptist -- had a lovely wife, Lydia
INYT
He had dedicated his life to the church.
59-7-92
7
Then, one day in 1982, his wife became infected with H.I.V.,
the virus that causes AIDS. She got it from a blood transfusion
NYT
during pregnancy. // Since then his wife has died -- last year,
at, 38, in their home in Dallas. So has their youngest child.
9/7/92
Their first son, 10, also with H.I.V., has survived. But, you
know: I wonder if decency has.
You see, when some discovered that the minister's wife had
H.I.V., they began avoiding him -- shunning him. Five times he
and his family were discouraged from attending Baptist churches.
In the end, he was asked to leave the ministry. / Today, the
NYT
Reverend Scott Allen works on the National Commission on AIDS.
Recalls his wife. Tries to sort out his life. Thinks about what
9/7/92
he was taught in Divinity school: "God will bless your life If
you believe in Him." //
'live'
The truth is that God didn't decide to shun Scott Allen. We
did -- you and me. Too often we have fallen short -- ignored thy
neighbor -- forgot that our fate is indivisible. The Bible says,
"If one member suffers, all suffer together." If God works in
mysterious ways -- we must work in earthly ways. We must be,
until the end of time, a light unto the world. //
Tolerance allows -- demands -- the right of any American to
take a stand on principle. You may dislike it / detest it /
think it springs from another planet. / No matter -- we must
respect it. America will not be divinely blessed as long as one
American is denied the right to speak his mind
...
to reveal his
heart
...
to be proud of what he is. //
X
8
Matthew 6:21 reminds Y us, "Where your treasure is, there your
heart Y will be also." Our inheritance is America. Treasure it.
Recall how love can create a future worthy of our dreams. Thank
you for your support, and your faith in the future. God bless
this wondrous land -- the United States of America.
# # # #
(ii) Bar members of Congress (and senior Congressional staff) from
lobbying Congress for one year -- a one-year "cooling-off"
period -- as proposed in the 1988 Post-Employment Act.
(iii) Provide for civil sanctions and proof of misconduct by a
preponderance of the evidence for violation of 207's
post-employment restrictions, as proposed in the 1988
Post-Employment Act.
(iv) Provide for enhanced criminal sanctions for knowing and
intended violation of 207's post-employment restrictions, as
proposed in the 1988 Post-Employment Act.
(v) Prohibit the use of confidential information in
post-employment activity with civil and criminal sanctions
impose both the former employee and his/her new employer in
the private sector.
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RELIGIOUS BROADCASTERS
Washington D.C.
February 2, 1987
I'd like to talk to you about some of the ways in which we can advance
the ethical values of American society.
You here today are developing values through freedom of broadcasting
and in some cases political action. Up until the end of the last century,
evangelicals were actively involved in American politics, but there was
great debate, and you gradually turned your spirituality inward. You
withdrew for over a hundred years.
Not all withdrew. To their credit, the pastors of black churches took
another route. They saw that political involvement could be of enormous
importance in bettering the moral and spiritual life of their parishioners.
They led the struggle for full civil rights for black Americans.
Everyone in this room knows why evangelicáls returned. You had no
choice. In your absence, it became wrong for a teacher to give an aspirin
to a child without a written note from a parent, but OK for strangers to
give birth control pills to a child without the parent knowing.
In your absence, the rights of schoolchildren to pray silently and
voluntarily to their God were denied.
In your absence, the rights of unborn children were abolished.
In your absence, our children's textbooks became value-neutral -- with
the historical role of religion in American society totally repudiated.
And in your absence, there was a lessening of the spiritual fiber of
this country, a country which was created as one nation under God.
-- 342 --
VALUES IN THE COMMUNITY
Now, I don't claim to agree with everything that everybody in the
Evangelical movement stands for -- in fact, I have a concern I'll discuss
with you in a minute -- but I know this. America needs your participation
in the life of this country. We need your values. We need your strength.
We need the balance you bring to public debate. And so, after a hundred
years absence, I say welcome back.
Your presence is healthy for the political process. Your movement is
one of the reasons the Republican party is stronger today than it was a
decade ago, S0 we don't want to lose a single one of you. But the values
you represent should transcend party lines. Daniel didn't get harmed when
he walked among the lions. And I don't think you'd be eaten if you walked
among the Democrats -- though you might get chewed up a bit. But the
Democratic party is full of good people who need your values as much as we
in the Republican party.
Now, another way we can improve the ethics of American society is to
speak out. I believe there are times we must remind ourselves of what we
represent as a people. I think we're going through such a period. We need
to restate some of our basic ethics, the ethics necessary for the growth
and success of our children.
There's been a lot of attention focused lately on ethics in business.
A major bank in Boston launders money. Defense contractors are found
guilty of cheating the taxpayer. A brokerage firm admits to checking
abuses. What with insider trading schemes and the like so prominent in the
news there's something very important our children must know. And it's
this: Greed is not a legitimate force in this society.
We must teach our children that we believe in bettering our lives. We
believe in the benefits that flow from capitalism. But we do not believe
in the grasping desire for wealth. Because, as we read in Matthew 6:21,
"Where your treasure is, there your heart will be also." We must teach our
children of His treasures.
We must speak out on the disturbing incidents of racism we've seen in
recent months. We must let our children know -- hatred has no place in
American life. The Ku Klux Klan is an embarrassment to Christ, whose
gospel is love, and an embarrassment to our nation, whose gospel is
freedom. And there's no county, no borough, no area of this country that
is off limits to any American. Any American should be able to walk
anywhere in this land in dignity and freedom.
We must let our children know these things. We must make clear what is
right and what is wrong. For as we read in First Corinthians 14:8, "If the
trumpet is unclear, who shall prepare himself for battle."
You here today are the trumpet. But there are those who wish you were
silent. I wish critics would respect your right to hold conservative views
as willingly as they let liberal church activists hold theirs. I wish
critics would defend your right to be on TV as freely as they defend the
rights of everyone else.
343
VALUES IN THE COMMUNITY
Ladies and gentlemen, you have a right to be part of the social and
political and broadcasting life of this country. The National Religious
Broadcasters have as much right to be heard as the World Council of
Churches. I say -- You are the trumpet, so let your trumpet sound.
Now besides speaking out and participating, there's another way to
influence the ethical standards of America. I believe our schools should
get back to the business of teaching values. And so do the American
people. According to a Gallup poll, Americans in overwhelming numbers say
they want schools to do two things: First, teach our children to read and
write and add and think; and second, help our children develop standards of
right and wrong to guide them through life.
Now when I speak of teaching values in the schools, I'm not talking
about sex or religious education. I'm talking about the core values of
character and citizenship that a democratic society requires. You often
hear that you can't teach values. I don't buy it. I think Americans are
in fairly general agreement as to what constitutes good character. It
includes qualities like decency, kindness, duty, tolerance, courage,
self-discipline and respect for law.
Yet, for two decades, many schools have gone out of their way not to
teach values. They have sought to remain value-neutral. A New York Times
article quoted educators who said they deliberately avoided telling
students what is ethically right and wrong.
The article told of a counseling session involving high school
students. In the session, the students concluded that a fellow had been
foolish to return $1000 she found in a purse. When the students asked the
counselor's opinion, he told them he believed that the girl had done the
right thing, but that, of course, he wouldn't try to force his values on
them. "If I come from the position of what is right and what is wrong, he
explained, "then I'm not their counselor."
Well, in the words of Bill Bennett, our Secretary of Education, once
upon a time a counselor offered counsel. He knew that an adult doesn't
form character in the young by being neutral toward questions of right and
wrong, or by merely offering "choices" or "options."
Teaching values and ethics in the schools is not a matter of liberal
versus conservative. It's a matter of seeing that our young people develop
the character they need to get through life.
Now, a few minutes ago, I mentioned I had a concern about one aspect of
the evangelical movement. When you ended your social isolation, you came
forward because you wanted freedom. You wanted your voice to be heard and
your beliefs to be respected. You wanted the right to pass shared values
to your children. Religious broadcasters in particular have filled a great
need for spiritual awakening in our people. Your growth makes this clear.
VALUES IN THE COMMUNITY
But a dilemma is at hand. And I raise this as a friend who believes
deeply in your involvement. Initially, you sought freedom. In the
process, you gained power. And with power, a small minority now want
control. There are those who would seek to impose their will and dictate
their interpretation of morality on the rest of society.
There are those who would forget the need for tolerance. There is no
reason Huckleberry Finn should be banned from the schools of this country.
There is no reason The Diary of Anne Frank should not be read. Closing our
children off from the outside world will not protect them.
The Bible itself is an extremely honest book. God's prophets never
sheltered their readers from the ugliness of life. As you know, there are
horrible stories of massacre and rape in the Bible. The Bible doesn't
protect children from the dangers or the injustices or the evils of the
world.
To that small minority, I say -- Please, don't take away generally
accepted books now that you have greater influence. Remember what it was
like.
Always respect that we are one nation under God, but at the same time,
we believe in the separation of church and state. Be out front in your
views, but respect those for whom religion is so personal they find public
witnessing difficult.
We must be vigilant, but not overzealous.
Yes, by all means, we must remain active in supplying balance and
removing the clearly inappropriate. But a basic question is -- How can we
develop values in our children without intimidating the rights of minority
faiths or those of no faith at all?
Yes, we want schools to reflect parental values -- and local
communities, not the federal government must control such things -- but we
also want schools to open up a child's life to the world beyond our
immediate community.
Yes, we want history textbooks to reflect the important role that
religion has played in American life. But we also want the rest of our
history -- good and bad -- reflected. Because history is bound to repeat
itself.
And if you will permit me a very personal, unofficial observation, I'll
tell you my basis for believing in this openness. I believe the pursuit of
truth will always lead to Christ, who is the truth.
And I want to tell you a true story in closing that shows how bright
His light is. A remarkable thing happened at the funeral of, Soviet leader
Brezhnev. Things were run to a military precision, and a coldness and
hallowness pervaded the ceremony -- marching soldiers, steel bayonets,
Marxist rhetoric, but no prayers, no comforting hymns, no mention of God.
-- 345
VALUES IN THE COMMUNITY
The Soviet leaders took their places on the Kremlin Wall as the
Brezhnev family silently escorted the casket around to its final resting
place. I happened to be in just the right spot to see Mrs. Brezhnev. She
walked up, took one last look at her husband and there -- in the cold, gray
center of that totalitarian state, she traced the sign of the cross over
her husband's chest.
I was stunned and I was deeply moved. Anyone who witnessed that loving
gesture, could not accept any moral foundation for communism. In that
simple act, Christ had broken through the core of the communist system.
And it became clear to me -- decades, even centuries of harsh, secular rule
can never destroy the intuitive faith that is in us all.
God
You know, in my Book of Common Prayer, there's a phrase that goes, "Oh,
whose service is freedom. That's always been a beautiful passage
to me. And it can mean so many different things. I believe that phrase has
something to do with what I saw at the Kremlin that day. It has something
to do with what you're trying to accomplish. And it has something to do
with why we're here this afternoon.
And I just want to close by sharing His spirit and saying to you,
"Praise God, whose service is freedom.
THE ARTS
The arts tell us who we are and what we can be. They contain the signposts
of civilization and provide the symbols and vocabularies of our national
identity. They contribute to a community's morale and thus improve its
quality of life and contribute to its economic development. The arts
provide for that diversity of expression that is peculiarly American,
reflecting our many different origins and the bonds that unite us. A Bush
Administration will encourage all of these contributions.
CHURCH AND STATE
America was founded as, remains, and will always be a "nation under God.
The values religion imparts are reflected in our Constitution and in our
daily lives, and I believe strongly that morality and ethics must always
stand at the center of American society and government. "One nation under
God" currency. belongs in the Pledge of Allegiance. "In God We Trust" belongs on our
America is a land of religious pluralism, and this is one of our society's
great strengths. We must be tolerant of all religious beliefs. Harsh
experience taught our founding fathers that when one religious group
views on others.
obtains control of the political system it sometimes seeks to impose its
346
VALUES IN THE COMMUNITY
I believe in the separation of church and state, and although government
should remain neutral towards particular religions, it need not remain
neutral towards traditional values that Americans support.
***
-- 347 --
The Washington Times
DATE: 9/2/92
PAGE:
retary of Veterans Affairs Ed Der-
INSIDE THE
winski, when informed of the proj-
ect, canceled it immediately,
BELTWAY
describing it as "an unnecessary
and inappropriate use of VA
money."
Where's Ross?
Smith Jr.
PAW's omissions
Ross Perot is running/not run-
"I'm amazed that something like
ning what will have to go down in
People for the American Way has
this could happen in this country,"
history as one of the most peculiar
issued its latest report on censor-
Mr. Smith said. "When it happens,
campaigns of all time. One Perot
ship. You can read about it some-
you have no recourse. Your car pay-
adviser insists the campaign is
where else. What you probably
ments bounce, your house pay-
about to jump-start. The New York
won't read about is the response by
ments bounce. It took more than a
Daily News has issued the Texas
Gary Bauer's Family Research
week of phone calls and faxes to
billionaire an ultimatum: "Put up
Council on what PAW left out. For
get it straightened out."
or shut up."
instance:
Mr. Smith said that ultimately
What is his hang-up anyway? Ac-
The teacher in Colorado who
the IRS agreed that neither he nor
cording to a little tidbit in the
was ordered to refrain from silent
his son was the person it sought,
Rockwell/Rothbard Report, Mr.
reading of his Bible during pre-
and explained that "it was the only
Perot's spooked because Vanity
class time and to remove all Bibles
way they could be sure they got the
Fair has dug up some little honey
from his classroom.
right guy."
tucked back in the sandhills who
Attempts by the American
An IRS spokeswoman said that
has told all about her relationship
Civil Liberties Union to ban the
under the terms of the Privacy Act,
with Ross the Hoss.
"Sex Respect" sex education pro-
the IRS cannot disclose whether
gram because of the pro-
this practice is being used.
Religion & politics
abstinence values it teaches.
The systematic removal from
She denies it
There's a lot of talk about who's
school textbooks of all material
got God on their side in this elec-
that might be construed as endors-
RNC spokeswoman Torie Clarke
tion. It'll be interesting to see how
ing traditional lifestyles and gen-
never got back to us, but a Beltway
one candidate makes out in results
der roles.
Irregular who had a long talk with
that will be known today. Emil
And so on.
her says she denies making the
Tolotti Jr. managed to get himself
"PAW wants to use the loaded
"conservative crap" remark. Miss
on the ballot in Nevada as "God Al-
term 'censorship' to disenfranchise
Clarke also reportedly added, "You
mighty." Under the rules of alpha-
can't trust Evans and Novak," the
parents," Mr. Bauer says. He
betical order, he's listed at the top
thinks parents should have as much
columnists who reported it.
of the ballot in the Democratic pri-
say in the matter as "elite experts."
mary against U.S. Sen. Harry Reid
Smile, you're on
as "Almighty, God."
A second look
Mr. Tolotti says he's giving voters
Another caller reports that the
a chance to "support God and de-
The New American magazine
Department of Veterans Affairs is
cency" over the "continuing abom-
takes a second look at that alleg-
investing about $25,000 in two
inations of a corrupt Congress."
edly bogus photo that some people
video films that will record its ef-
believe shows Maj. Albro Lundy Jr.,
forts on behalf of victims of Hur-
Lt. Larry James Stevens and Col.
ricane Andrew. This person thinks
Are you experienced?
John L. Robertson as prisoners of
it's outrageous at a time when the
NBC's Jay Leno questions Bill
war.
department is reverberating with
Clinton's assertion that he is capa-
The Defense Department says
messages about tight budgets and a
ble of serving as commander in
the photo is doctored, and it re-
shortage of funds. The film work
chief of the armed forces because
leased for comparison a similar
was contracted out to a private
he once called out the Arkansas
photo of Russian farmers it says
firm, according to our caller.
National Guard.
was taken in 1923.
A VA spokeswoman initially said
"Isn't that like saying you can fly
The magazine reports that a
yesterday that the films would be
the space shuttle because you've
closer look at the photo of the Rus-
used for "educational and eval-
seen every episode of Star Trek?"
sians reveals several problems with
uative purposes." Later in the day, a
Mr. Leno muses.
the 1923 photo. For one thing, it in-
spokesman called to say that Sec-
-John-Elvin
cludes a poster of Stalin at a time
when Lenin was still the only hero
THE FAR SIDE
GARY LARSON
the masses were allowed to wor-
ship. Stalin's hair in the poster is
Lawon
partially gray, which would date it
at least seven years later, and his
hairstyle and clothing all suggest a
later period.
The New American's analysis
tends to deepen rather than resolve
the photo controversy. It seems that
DoD may be in too big a hurry in
its effort to discredit any evidence
of Americans abandoned behind
enemy lines.
Curious business
A caller passed along what
seemed an incredible story on how
the Internal Revenue Service went
about tracking down someone with
whom it had a score to settle. Let's
say this person's name is John
Smith and he is a resident of New
York City. The IRS, unable to locate
the particular Mr. Smith in ques-
tion, simply froze the bank ac-
O
counts of all John Smiths in the
city.
With the help of the tipster we
located a very reluctant "John
Smith" who, when promised ano-
nymity, revealed that this happened
To the horror of the lifeboat's other members, Madonna
to him and his teen-age son, John
loses her balance and falls on her face.
PAGE 20 or 21
DATE: 9/2/92
Numes & Futes
PAGE:
A3
Gloria's Relief Effort
yesterday that "his vital signs are stable.
He's alert and active"
Houston
Gloria Estefan, no stranger to catas-
socialite Josephine Abercrombie is the
trophe herself, is pitching in to help the
stepmother of John Bryan, Fergie's
victims of Hurricane Andrew. The pop
confidant and "financial adviser," not the
singer and Miami resident, who went
mother, as reported here last week
through a torturous rehabilitation after
Atlanta Mayor Maynard Jackson was in
fracturing her spine in a 1990 tour-bus
stable condition yesterday after
accident, yesterday began putting
undergoing a heart bypass operation at
together a private relief effort with
Atlanta's St. Joseph's Hospital, doctors
husband-manager Emilio.
said
Steven Spielberg is being sued
"I thought, 'I've got a roof, I've got
for at least $4 million by a writer who
space. Let's start a collection agency,'
says the filmmaker stole his idea for a
she told reporters at a garage adjacent to
movie about toy soldiers. His script was
her south Miami offices, which have been
turned down by Spielberg's Amblin
turned into a distribution center for
Entertainment Co., says Barry Spinello,
donated diapers, food and water.
who adds that he then read in an industry
Estefan, lead singer of the Miami
magazine that Amblin was working on a
Sound Machine, lives on swank Star
project called "Small Soldiers." Amblin
Island but said her spread suffered only
had no comment
Robert P. Bergman,
landscaping damage from the hurricane,
director of Baltimore's Walters Art
which battered south Florida last week.
Gallery since 1981, was appointed
director of the Cleveland Museum of Art
Lorenzo and the Law
yesterday, effective next July
Gloria Estefan: Pitching in.
Motown, the record label that became
Countless airline union employees and
synonymous with chart-topping rhythm
onetime Continental passengers will no
and blues in the 1960s, said yesterday it
doubt be happy to hear about Frank
considered intoxicated under Texas law,
will enter the jazz market next month
Lorenzo's recent legal troubles. The
and also failed a field sobriety test.
with a new label called MoJazz. Artists
former Continental chairman, who made
Good thing he wasn't in the cockpit.
signed to the label include pianist Eric
few friends during ugly labor
Reed of Wynton Marsalis's band,
confrontations in the roaring '80s,
yesterday pleaded no contest in a
End Notes
guitarist Norman Brown, jazz-funk
instrumentalist Foley, the Brazilian jazz
Houston court to a charge of drunk
Country legend Roy Acuff, 88, was
group Terra Sul and vocalist Milira.
driving.
hospitalized late Monday suffering from
-Compiled from staff and wire reports
Lorenzo, who still sits on Continental's
exhaustion. A hospital spokeswoman said
by Mary Alma Welch
board, was placed on two years'
probation and fined $750. He was
stopped July 28 by police who discovered
THE RELIABLE SOURCE
him driving the wrong way down a
one-way street. Police said Lorenzo, 52,
had a 0.10 percent blood-alcohol level,
Lois Romano's column will resume Tuesday.
the minimum amount for a person to be
DOONESBURY
By G.B. Trudeau
AKE
I JUST WANTED TO GO
ON A 1-TO-5
YEAH, BUT
MAYBE
OVER JEFF'S REPORT
RATING SCALE, HE HAS
A 4? HE'S
A 4 IS
&
WHAT'S WRONG
NOT QUITE
WITH YOU, MR. REDFERN.
HE
A5 IN LANGUAGE ARTS,
ONLY GOT
VERY SATIS-
WITH HIM? DOES
YET. WE'LL
YOUR SON'S HAD,
HAS?
A 5 IN SOCIAL DEVELOP-
A 4 IN BODY
FACTORY,
HE NEED TO SEE
KEEP AN
VERY GOOD
MENT, A 4 IN BODY
AWARENESS
MR. REDFERN
A SPECIALIST?
YEAR
AWARENESS SKILLS
SKILLS?
EYE ON IT,
OKAY?
INVERSAL
9-2
B Trudean
WHATCHA
I'M SEEING IF ITS HOT
I GUESS
UGH WHAT
DOIN ?
ENOUGH TO FRY AN EGG
IT ISNT
A MESS.
C'MON, I'LL BET
ON THE SIDEWALK
ITS HOTTER ON
THE CAR DASH!
1992 Watterson Distributed b by Universa Press Syndicate
AGE 14 OF 21
day and all his nurses Tuesday to deliver that
FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 4, 1992
R
message. He is also sending a letter to parents
explaining the plan.
Smith now says that, despite his wish to in-
volve parents, he will go along with the condom
program, designed to slow the spread of AIDS
Parents Skirted
and other sexually transmitted diseases.
"Dr. Smith has the responsibility for the admin-
istration of the school system, and the principals
and teachers are responsible for the education of
washington
On Condoms
the children," Akhter said. "But we are the ones
responsible for the health care needs of the chil-
dren
These are my clinics. When a child
crosses the door and enters into the nurse's
tween the child and the nurse is confidential."
Post
In High School
suite, any communication that takes place be-
"There is no way we are going to inform any-
one about that communication," Akhter said. "I
don't want to know the child's name: I don't want
District Nurses Are Ordered
to know his or her grade. If he comes in, it is the
nurse's job to provide educational material, coun-
To Ignore Notes From Home
sel him and after counseling, if he wants to take a
condom, that's the way it will be."
Akhter said that school officials have the right
By Sari Horwitz
to exclude specific children from any AIDS or
Washington Post Staff Writer
condom education program it runs outside of the
nurses' offices.
The District's health commissioner said yes-
Smith now acknowledges that he has no power
terday that all public high school students will be
to prevent students from receiving condoms
eligible to receive condoms from school nurses,
from the school nurses.
no matter what school officials say.
"I'll accept notes from any parent," he said. "I
A policy split between the health commission
will send the notes to the principals. And I will
and the school system appeared to be developing
request that the principal show it to the nurse.
Monday when D.C. Superintendent Franklin L.
But what they do with the notes, I have no con-
Smith said parents who did not want their chil-
trol over at all."
dren to get condoms could prevent them from
But on Monday, after a news conference,
doing so by writing a note to him.
Smith told a reporter, "if they write to me and
But D.C. Public Health Commissioner Mo-
say they don't want their child getting condoms,
hammed Akhter, who oversees all the nurses in
I will do everything in my power to make sure
D.C. schools, said yesterday that his nurses will
the nurse understands that, and we will not give
not pay attention to any such notes, will not call
condoms to that child."
any parents and will keep confidential all visits to
Smith said yesterday that since he took the
receive condoms. They will give a condom to any
helm of the D.C. school system a little over a
student who wants one, he said.
See CONDOMS, D5, Col. 4
High School Nurses to Distribute Condoms
tor is saying no, I am not going to
oppose such a plan "because of the
CONDOMS, From D1
interfere. It's his responsibility."
politics of it."
year ago, he has placed great em-
Smith said he has not received
Last spring Mayor Sharon Pratt
phasis on parental involvement. To
any calls or letters from parents
Kelly announced she would allow
exclude parents at this juncture
asking for their child to be prohib-
school nurses to dispense condoms
flies in the face of his philosophy, he
ited from receiving a condom.
as part of a broad new strategy to
said.
A recent study by the U.S. Cen-
combat AIDS.
"As superintendent, I feel a sense
ters for Disease Control found that
Condoms will not be made avail-
of obligation to notify the nurse if
three-quarters of all District 10th-
able until each of the 16 high
parents have notified me," Smith
graders are sexually active, and 40
schools holds a schoolwide assem-
said. "If we have a letter from a par-
percent have had four or more part-
bly on AIDS soon after the academ-
ent saying their child is not sup-
ners.
Such a high rate of sexual activity
ic year begins next week, Akhter
posed to be involved in the condom
said.
worries public health specialists,
program, and that child goes to the
who say it puts D.C. youngsters at
More information about the con-
nurse and asks for a condom, I
great risk- of contracting sexually
dom program will be given out at
would hope the nurse would let the
transmitted diseases, including the
meetings for each grade. Any stu-
parent know, 'you've got a child
HIV virus, which leads to AIDS.
dent who wants a condom also will
who is sexually active.'
Shortly after becoming health
have an individual counseling ses-
"If I had my druthers, the parents
commissioner last fall, Akhter said
sion with a nurse, who first counsels
would know about it," Smith said.
he would fight to make condoms
the student on sexual abstinence
"But I have no control over it: This
available in public schools.
and sexually transmitted diseases,
is not my program and if the direc-
At the time, Smith said he would
including AIDS.
UA shade houses.
which
packs
tation, the
"There isn't a salable plant on the
tables a year, sustained $9
iet repub-
property," Mr. Bullis said of his crop.
damages.
to resign
"But see this pup here?" He picked up
A3.
Reuters
A woman lay wounded in Bisho, South Africa, after soldiers fired on African National Congress supporters.
a battered specimen and pointed to a
Exotics Are Today's D
little green shoot poking out of the
"We have to get back on
tory
crusted potting soil. "I could get 25 new
15th of November," said Jo
vish new
plants off this one - if the sun and the
who manages the Farmer
es more to
salt from the storm doesn't kill them.
"If the farmer can't process
age B1.
Church Tests Faith of Cleric Touched by AIDS
In a year, I might have something to
rials, why plant?"
sell."
While state and Federal of
Mr. Bullis's chances are not good.
the basic
By PHILIP J. HILTS
Five times he and his family were
With broken irrigation lines, no power
emergency funds are on the
since 1985, when he first found that his
is no money now for rebu
the popu-
Special to The New York Times
discouraged from attending Baptist
wife and children had H.I.V., has
to pump water and no relief money in
page C1.
churches because his wife and two
sight, Mr. Bullis, like 1,600 other nurs-
replanting. Because crop in
WASHINGTON, Sept. 7 - The Rev.
wounded him and sent him outside the
children were infected with H.I.V., the
ery operators, fruit growers and farm-
prohibitively expensive, only
Scott Allen was, in every particular,
fold to look for solace. His anger has
of Dade County farmers ha
A2
the ideal Baptist.
virus that causes AIDS.
subsided only gradually, and flashes of
ers in Dade County, has little hope of
age; almost no nurseries do
D15
He was a minister with a lovely
Mr. Allen, who is 36 years old, does
it can still be seen in conversation.
saving what is left.
Even before Hurricane
family, and he had dedicated his life to
not have H.I.V. His wife became infect-
Hurricane Andrew damaged $1 bil-
C11
the church. His father and grandfather
ed from a blood transfusion during a
"My case proves that you don't have
lion worth of crops, foliage plants and
were ministers; his father, the Rev.
pregnancy in 1982, before blood was
to be gay to be kicked out," he said in a
Continued on Page D13, C
D10
towering 40-foot palms: It smashed into
A19
Jimmie Allen, was president of the 17-
screened for the virus. Since then she
recent interview. "I used to see bump-
processing plants, flinging off metal
A16-17
million-member Southern Baptist Con-
and her infant son, Bryan, have died
er stickers in Dallas that said, 'You're
roofing and twisting it around trees like
B11-17
vention until 1979.
from AIDS. The older son, Matthew,
Welcome in Our Church.' Every time I
so much aluminum foll. It blew salt
gs
C17
But now Mr. Allen's bond with his
now 10, has survived. Both sons were
saw one I got angry and felt like suing
Image C16
spray over vegetable fields four miles
church, and with his whole past life,
infected in their mother's womb.
inland, making plating a bad gamble
nge
B17
has been sundered.
What he learned about intolerance
Continued on Page D14, Column 1
until scientists test the soil.
0354623
02
The New York Times
The highest salary went to Keck
Wentz, chairmal
"We did the best we could," Mrs. Lee
A parachuting holiday ended
Foundation Chairman Howard B.
Lilly Endowment,
said. "We called: We ran. There was
tragically near a Hinckley airfield.
Keck, who earned compensation of
billion. Thomas
nothing left for usito do.'
$624,500 in 1991, the Chronicle said. The
$357,500.
Minister's Family
Touched by AIDS Finds C
Continued From Page Al
them for false advertising."
Eventually, he stopped trying to find
a welcoming church, quit his ministry
and began to work on projects for the
Christian Life Commission, an educa-
tional body of the General Baptist Con-
vention of Texas. In 1989 Congress ap-
pointed him to the National Commis-
sion on AIDS, which advises the Fed-
eral Government on AIDS policy,
Until now, Mr. Allen kept quiet the
details of his family's odyssey through
the-realms of prejudice, their struggle
with AIDS and their rejection by the
churches. His wife, Lydia, asked him
not to speak openly about their trouble
while she was alive. She was 38 years
old when she died of AIDS last Febru-
ary at her home in Dallas.
One of his jobs with the Christian
Life Commission from 1985 to 1990 was
to find churches that would accept peo-
ple with AIDS into their congregations.
He sometimes succeeded, especially
with adults and especially when those
who were infected were willing to go
into the church quietly. But he said, "I
have never found day care for my son,
not one center or church that that could
accept him if other parents knew" of
his infection.
One minister suggested that Mat-
thew could come to Sunday school if his
infection was kept secret and if Mr.
Allen sat in the room, too, to take care
of his son should anything happen. An-
Mark Per
other minister suggested that Sunday
The Rev.Scott Allen's bond with the Baptist
transfusion. His wife and his S
school sessions could be taped so his
church has, been broken because his wife and two
have both died of AIDS. With
son could see them without actually
children were infected with H.I.V. from a blood
home in Dallas was his first SOI
having to be with the other children.
Painful Questions Raised
Mr. Allen's story raises painful ques-
The Rev. Travis Berry, a former
of drug users. Even when church mem-
place," Mr. All
tions about religion and AIDS, and
pastor who is now a professor at Bay-
bers do begin to take care of those with
completely illo
about the gap that can sometimes sep-
lor University in Waco, Tex., advises
AIDS, Mr. Allen said, often it is with the
sions take place
arate word and deed in religion.
churches on how to handle situations in
motive of "curing" them of their homo-
is nothing to say
There is virtually no disagreement in
which someone infected with AIDS
sexuality.
came from a g:
principle among churches and syna-
asks to join the church. At most, he
Love With Strings Attached
angry at first. I
gogues in America. Most teach that
said, 25 percent of the churches in the
'I'm innocent! I
church members should receive each
United States have begun to deal with
"In practice, the love and accept-
For a year,
other with unconditional love and car-
ance are not unconditional," he said.
the issue of AIDS.
bring himself to
ing - even if they are ill, and even if
"That beats the heck out of the 1
"There are strings attached."
is a homosexua
they are unrepentant sinners.
In 1985, when Mr. Allen learned that
percent or less of a few years ago," Mr.
A Washington clergyman, the Rev.
his wife and children had H.I.V., he was
'What Is Th
Berry said. People at least realize
Kenneth South of the Church of Christ,
a minister at the First Christian
Mr. Allen sa
there is a problem now, though I am
who is director of the AIDS National
Church in Colorado Springs. Though he
wife became il
still very concerned about the fact that
Interfaith Network, says it is impor-
himself was not infected, he said, he
Sunday school
churches still haven't bellied up to the
tant to recognize that outside govern-
bar, so to speak. They still are not out
was asked by the pastor, the Rev. War-
of a sick child, P
ment, the churches are society's great-
of denial."
ren Hile, to leave his ministry.
taught class ag:
est source of help to people with AIDS.
Mr. Hile did not return telephone
wife had a seizu
The problem begins with the confu-
He has a list of 1,800 separate AIDS
sion over proper attitudes. The
calls asking for comment about the
way home," he
relief and education programs run by
incident.
God will bless
churches of most denominations con-
churches around the country.
A few days after Mr. Hile and other
Him. But I lost
demn homosexual behavior. This sends
But the effort in the churches did get
a confusing message not only to gay
church members asked him to step
blessing stuff?
started slowly, he said, and it is still a
people with AIDS, but also to church
down, Mr. Allen said, he took his family
innocence and E
person-by-person, day-by-day effort,
and drove out of Colorado Springs in
The shocks
members confronting the issue, theolo-
coming almost entirely from individual
gians from several denominations said
the middle of the night, heading home
stopped calling
ministers and their churches rather
in interviews.
to Texas. He was fearful and angry, he
His second SC
than from the moral guidance at the
Rejection is prompted by fear of the
said, at both God and man.
after the family
top of any religious denomination.
disease, fear of homosexuals and fear
"At first I blamed the gays in San
was seven mon
Francisco, where the transfusion took
he held Bryan a
salary went to Keck
Wentz, chairman, $275,000.
Jr., counsel, $205,086.
will pave the way. Hopefully, we'll
Lilly Endowment, Indianapolis, assets $3.6
Lila Wallace-Reader's Digest Fund, New
Chairman Howard B.
learn enough from him. Hopefully, this
earned compensation of
billion. Thomas H. Lake, chairman,
York City, assets $821 million. M. Chris-
will not be the last."
tine DeVita, president, $94,950.
1991, the Chronicle said. The
$357,500.
AIDS Finds Closed Doors and Minds at Church
boy's body in a small coffin beside the
Rev. Larry James, was disturbed
hospital bed. He remembers vividly the
enough by the situation that he quickly
next moment:
resolved to make new policy.
"Bryan's head was over to the side,
"There was a lot of paranoia,' of
and the funeral director reached out to
straighten it in the casket. But he
unnecessary, irrational fear," Mr.
James said. "I asked myself, 'What are
stopped and drew back. He said,
Would you mind moving your son's
we getting into here?' It's like a family
secret that turns into illness and paral-
head for me?' That stung."
ysis for the whole family. I mean, here
A Small Epiphany
we have a group of people who claim to.
But at the same time he had a small
be Christians, a person who has always
epiphany, one that began to make his
followed Christ comes and is rejected
anger dissolve.
- that's news," he said.
"When Bryan died in my arms," he
said, "I realized that it was the virus
Mr. James quickly educated himself
and his congregation on the issues of
that died, not Bryan." His anger at gay
people began to fade, he said, adding,
AIDS, bringing in doctors and others to
"I realized then that I was dealing with
talk about the disease. He adopted for
a virus, not with people."
his day care program a new policy. He
For others, that realization has been
notified all parents that the day care
center would be considered an "H.LV.
difficult.
On returning to the Dallas area he
positive zone" where children attend-
asked the the pastor of the First Bap-
ing may or may not be infected with
tist Church in Arlington, the Rev.
the virus. Everyone would be treated
Charles Wade, to accept him and his
the same, he said.
wife into the church and their children
Mr. Allen has left the organized
into Sunday school.
church, at least for now, and is search-
Mr. Wade, who is a friend of the Allen
family, said he would make discrete
inquiries among some of the younger,
more progressive parents to see how
they felt. The parents refused to go
Struggling over
along, he said, and dtold him they
would pull their children out of school if
the meanings of
Matthew came.
Rejected by Flagship Pastor
innocence and
Mark Peristein for The New York Times
Later, Mr. Wade raised money to
Baptist
transfusion. His wife and his second son, Bryan,
help pay Mr. Allen's salary on the AIDS
guilt.
project at the Christian Life Commis-
and
two
have both died of AIDS. With Mr. Allen at his
sion. "We are proud of that," Mr. Wade
a
blood
home in Dallas was his first son, Matthew.
said. "We did help him - just not as
much as we should have."
At another church, the Travis Ave-
ing for a spiritual path that is more
nue Baptist Church in the Fort Worth
open and accepting at its base.
Even when church mem-
place," Mr. Allen recalled. "That is
area where Mr. Allen and his family
"I was taught that once you were
to take care of those with
completely illogical because transfu-
saved, you were always saved," :he
Allen said, often it is with the
sions take place everywhere, and there
was living, the pastor at the time was
the Rev. Joel Gregory, who has since
said. "Once you gave your life to Jesus,
"curing" them of their homo-
is nothing to say that the infected blood
came from a gay man. But I felt that
become known nationwide as the pas-
your life would be blessed. All that was
tor of the flagship of fundamentalist
important to me in life was God and my
With Strings Attached
angry at first. I kept saying to myself:
'I'm innocent! I didn't do anything!
Baptist churches, the First Baptist
church and my family. My family was
For a year, he said, he could not
Chruch in Dallas. President Bush has
taken from me, my church turned its
ractice, the love and accept-
not unconditional," he said.
consulted him, and went to that church
back on me, and I felt as if God did, too.,
bring himself to talk to his brother, who
last month, when the Republican con-
"Then people said to me that I must
strings
attached."
is a homosexual.
when Mr. Allen learned that
vention was being held in Houston.
have never been saved in the first
'What Is This Blessing Stuff?'
"Brother Joel knew of my situation,
place, or I am just wandering in The
and children had H.I.V., he was
at the First Christian
Mr. Allen said that on the day his
knew my family and even visited my
wilderness, and will return to the fold,"
in Colorado Springs. Though he
wife became infected he had taught
house for a minute when my son Bryan
he continued. "That discredits who I
was not infected, he said, he
Sunday school class, went to the home
died," Mr. Allen said. "But he offered
am now, and the journey I am on.
by the pastor, the Rev. War-
of a sick child, preached a sermon; and
no help at all. Not a call, not a word."
have forever lost who I am."
Mr. Allen said he now sometimes
to leave his ministry.
taught class again in the evening. "My
When asked about the situation in a
did not return telephone
wife had a seizure in the evening on the
telephone interview last week Mr.
feels closer to people whom he former-
for comment about the
way home," he said. They say that
Gregory replied, "I don't remember
ly condemned than to people he linked
God will bless your life if you live in
it." He said all people were welcome in
arms with at church.
days after Mr. Hile and other
Him. But I lost everything. What is this
his church.
blessing stuff? What is the meaning of
Several other times, Mr. Allen said,
"I once was at an interfaith confer-
members asked him to step
ence and sat down with a man whose
Allen said, he took his family
innocence and guilt?"
he sought to join churches and have his
son openly attend Sunday school, and
lover had just died of AIDS," he said.
out of Colorado Springs in
The shocks continued as friends
of the night, heading home
stopped calling him.
several times he was rebuffed.
"I saw the pain and sadness in his
eyes; they were my eyes and I was
He was fearful and angry, he
His second son, Bryan, died not long
New Policy at One Church
looking in a mirror. He told me there
both
God
and
man.
after the family returned to Texas. He
was seven months old. Mr. Allen said
But at one church, the Richardson
was one thing I should always do -
I blamed the gays in San
East Church of Christ, the pastor, the
take a lot of pictures. And I have.'
where the transfusion took
he held Bryan as he died and placed the
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THE VICE PRESIDENT'S OFFICE
Office of the Press Secretary
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE -- Tuesday, June 9, 1992 -- 9:00 a.m.
ADDRESS BY THE VICE PRESIDENT
TO THE SOUTHERN BAPTISTS' CONVENTION
Indianapolis, Indiana
You know, I was recently in Toledo, Ohio, and I made
what we call an impromptu visit to a Kroger's grocery store.
While I was there I bought some of my favorite chocolate chip
cookies. On the way out I offered a little girl one of the
cookies. And you know what she said? She said, "My mommy
told me not to take things from a stranger. And I said, "But
I'm not a stranger. I'm the Vice President. " And I can tell
you this: for all the slings and arrows I've endured in the last
four years, nothing has quite humbled me like that child's reply.
"That's okay" -- she told me, walking away -- "I'm really not
hungry anyway. "
When you think about it, though, that little girl's
suspicion of strangers tells us something sad about the world in
which our children are growing up. Sure, mothers have always
told their children to be wary of strangers. But you just have
to pick up the newspaper on any given day to realize that in our
world, that advice is a little more urgent.
In some ways we're a nation of strangers. And, as a
society grows, maybe that's inevitable. We cannot -- as the
sophisticated folks are always reminding us -- "turn back the
clock" to the America of Norman Rockwell and the small-town
values he celebrated. And yet those values are still there.
They live in our thousands of Southern Baptist churches, and in
other places of worship across America. They live in our
communities, both large and small, where families get to know
their neighbors, and where parents get to know their kids'
teachers, the school bus driver, and the cop on the beat. They
live in every home where parents patiently pass their experience
and their values along to their children. These values live
because they are invaluable. They stand as our essential guide
to a good and honest life.
Now change is a permanent part of life. As Americans, we do
not fear change -- we're always confident we can shape our own
future for the better. We believe that our destiny is not a
matter of chance -- it's a matter of choice. But this means
choosing wisely. It means realizing that some of the changes in
our culture in recent decades have not been for the better. Some
of these changes seem to have undermined the values we cherish.
1
In fact, these changes have created a cultural divide in our
country. It is SO great a divide that it sometimes seems we have
two cultures -- the cultural elite, and the rest of us. Most of
us look at these social changes and we say, "Yes, change is
inevitable, and much of it is good. But some of it is not. Let
us preserve the good and reject the bad." And, my friends, most
of us believe we should not be afraid to continue to talk about
values -- to try to judge what is right and what is wrong.
Yet, as I discovered recently, to appeal to our country's
enduring, basic moral values is to invite the scorn and laughter
of the elite culture. Talk about right and wrong, and they
try to mock us in newsrooms, sitcom studios, and faculty lounges
across America. But in the heart of America, in the homes and
workplaces and churches, the message is heard. A sense of moral
decency runs deep in the American people. We know that the
simple things, the simple gifts, and the simple truths that
Americans have always sought to live by are more relevant than
ever in our complex times. Among the sophisticates, to talk
about simple moral principles is considered an embarrassing
"gaffe." I guess that means they're embarrassed about the views
of the average American -- because moral values are what the
American people care most about. And that's why I say this about
the scorn of the media elite: "I wear their scorn as a badge of
honor."
My friends, we need to have a discussion among ourselves on
the importance of moral values. It's time that we Americans
speak out for what we believe in and what we stand for. It is
time we Americans stand up for our values, stand up for America,
and say that America is great because of our people and our
values.
The cultural elite in Hollywood and elsewhere may have a lot
of money; they may have a lot of influence. But we have the
power of ideas, the power of our convictions, and the power of
our beliefs. And we shall carry the day -- because in their
sense of morality, in their belief in personal responsibility,
in their faithfulness, in their love of goodness and love of
neighbor -- the American people are far ahead of our country's
self-appointed cultural elites.
Often those of us who talk of values, who defend the
traditional family, who distinguish right from wrong, are accused
of being intolerant. Let us be clear: we defend the rights of
all Americans. We are for compassion and tolerance. We are,
after all, commanded to love our neighbor. But we do not believe
that being compassionate and tolerant means abandoning our
standards of right or wrong, good or bad. We do not think
tolerance requires abandoning our belief in the family.
2
The cultural elites respect neither tradition nor standards.
They believe that moral truths are relative and all "lifestyles"
are equal. They seem to think the family is an arbitrary
arrangement of people who decide to live under the same roof --
that fathers are dispensable, and that parents need not be
married or even of opposite sexes. They are wrong.
We believe the family is a sacred institution entrusted with
the world's most important work. It is not only "nature's
masterpiece, as someone once said -- it is God's masterpiece.
We believe society is only as strong as the families who live and
grow within it. And we believe that the family and family values
need our support. In a time when those values are denigrated, I
say it's time for us to join together and speak up for the
family, family values, and the values and principles that make
America great.
Many in the cultural elite sneer at the simple but hard
virtues -- modesty, fidelity, integrity. But when the tragic
consequences of that moral cynicism become apparent, do they
pause to rethink their views? No. Do they even acknowledge the
consequences -- an ever-increasing rate of illegitimacy, youthful
promiscuity, 1.6 million abortions every year? No. They deny
that values have consequences. Their response often compounds
the problem -- handing out condoms in the schools, or
distributing sexual propaganda to third- and fourth-graders.
Morally speaking, our children ask for bread and the cynics give
them a stone. We believe our children were made for better lives
than that -- and that moral and spiritual integrity are the key
to human fulfillment.
The elite's culture is a guilt-free culture. It avoids
responsibility and flees consequences. If, as a result of
one's own actions, a child is conceived, they have a simple
solution -- get rid of it. Our solution, for those mothers who
feel they cannot raise the child, is adoption. They treat God's
greatest gift -- new life -- as an inconvenience to be discarded.
We believe life is a beautiful gift to be loved and cared for --
however "inconvenient." They believe in the right to dispose of
life -- we believe in the right to life.
You know, we who talk about values are accused of nostalgia
for a time that once was. But those who imagine an America
without clear moral values yearn for something that could never
be. If America ever lost its moral vision, it would cease to be
America. To paraphrase my grandfather, I would say that America
is good because America is free. But he understood that it works
the other way around too: that if America ceased to be good, it
would cease to be free. We would become a soulless and divided
nation, a nation under siege instead of a nation under God. Our
common vision of the good and just life is what keeps the
"united" in "United States."
3
Moral values make a nation great -- and they are the solid
foundation of our lives as individuals and as families. They are
not arbitrary. They are not "imposed." They are not handed down
by politicians. People like to caricature these values, as if
they arose from narrow-minded theological doctrines. But think
about that word, "narrow-minded." "Do unto others as you would
have them do unto you"
"Love thy neighbor"
"Walk humbly
with thy God" "Choose Life" -- are those narrow-minded ideas?
The fact is that the great faiths of the world ask much the same
thing of their followers. Far from being narrow or intolerant,
such moral values represent the consensus of humanity about what
makes for a good life and a good society. In the face of that
consensus, moral cynicism is an easy out. Confronted with life's
great moral issues, a sneer is not an answer.
As I found after my recent speech on values, the real
intolerance is to be found on the other side. And the tragedy of
our time is that so many in the elite culture off-handedly
dismiss moral values. Whether Christian or Jew, Catholic or
Protestant, it is not we who are too restrictive. Those who turn
away from moral truths restrict themselves. I know it is
politically correct to be dismissive of those who speak of moral
values. But political correctness is a. form of intolerance.
And then there are people like yourselves, who don't just
talk about values but seek to live by them. You know what it's
like to bear the brunt of ridicule -- as does anyone who has ever
tried to stand up for a good cause. In raising up faithful
children, in church work like maintaining homes for unwed
mothers, in supporting the superb work of your Christian Life
Commission, by honoring God in all things -- you keep those
values alive.
To the jaded, believers in traditional morality may seem to
lead simple and plain lives, wanting only plain things. But I'm
reminded of G.K. Chesterton's remark that "a plain word always
covers an infinite mystery.' Faith -- Fidelity -- Family --
Honor -- Duty -- Goodness -- Love. Such simple, plain words.
But to anyone who tries to live by them -- such infinite
mysteries.
Speaking to your convention ten years ago, Vice President
George Bush described America as "a country born out of a spirit
of renewal. And "looking out on such a group as this one, " our
President told Southern Baptists, "I think the renewal is well
begun."
Well begun, and yet only just begun. The decade since then
has seen some tragic developments continue to unfold. Two good
men have held the office of President --- yet not even that is
enough. We have made superb appointments to the courts of our
land -- yet not even that is enough. Renewal, ultimately, is not
4
primarily the work of government. It's our work, the work of our
churches, the work of each person, responding each day to the
hard questions of life and faith. It's the work of choosing
wisely. Choosing to live in falsehood -- or in fidelity.
Choosing to follow man in his foolish ways -- or the Son of Man
who walked the way of love and mercy, full of grace and truth.
Let us choose the way of love and mercy, of grace and truth.
Thank you for your commitment. Thank you for your support.
Thank you for joining in the struggle for the restoration of
values in this great country of ours, the United States of
America. God bless each of you, and God bless America.
# # #
5
May 4 / Administration of George Bush, 1991
our future as a nation.
growth depends. We repeatedly have tried
Let me start with the freedom to create.
to slash the capital gains, so people with
From its inception, the United States has
dreams have a chance of achieving them.
been a laboratory for creation, invention,
And we want to extend this dignity of
and exploration. Here, merit conquers cir-
home ownership to people who live now in
cumstance. Here, people of vision-Abra-
government-owned apartments. Home
ham Lincoln, Henry Ford, Martin Luther
ownership gives people dignity.
King, Jr.-outgrow rough origins and trans-
And although we have tried to transfer
form a world. These achievements testify to
power into the hands of the people, we
the greatness of our free enterprise system.
haven't done enough. In a world trans-
In past ages, and in other economic orders,
formed by freedom, we must look for other
people could acquire wealth only seizing
ways to help people build good lives for
goods from others. Free enterprise liberates
themselves and their families. The average
us from this Hobbesian quagmire. It lets
worker in the United States now spends
one person's fortune become everyone's
more than 4 months of each year working
gain.
just to pay the tax man, and increasing
This system, built upon the foundation of
numbers of citizens see that burden as a
private property, harnesses our powerful in-
barrier to achieving their dreams. We've
stincts for creativity. It gives everyone an
tried to put on a lid on the spending that
interest in shared prosperity, in freedom,
drives taxes and to concentrate government
and in respect. No system of development
efforts on truly national purposes. It's only
ever has nurtured virtue as completely and
common sense. And if we want to build
rigorously as ours. We've become the most
faith in government, we must demand
egalitarian system in history-and one of
the most harmonious-because we let
public services that serve the people. We
must insist upon compassion that works.
people work freely toward their destinies.
When governments try to improve on
But the power to create also rests on
freedom-say, by picking winners and
other freedoms, especially the freedom-
losers in the economic market-they fail.
and I think about that right now-to think
No conclave of experts, no matter how bril-
and speak one's mind. [Applause] You see-
liant, can match the sheer ingenuity of a
thank you. The freedom-I had this written
market that collects and distributes the wis-
into the speech, and I didn't even know
doms of millions of people, all pursuing
these guys were going to be here.
their destinies in different ways.
No, but seriously, the freedom to speak
Our administration appreciates the power
one's mind-that may be the most funda-
of free enterprise, and our economic and
mental and deeply revered of all our liber-
domestic programs try to apply the genius
ties. Americans, to debate, to say what we
of the market to the needs of the Nation.
think-because, you see, it separates good
For example, we want to eliminate rules
ideas from bad. It defines and cultivates the
and redtape that bind the hands and the
diversity upon which our national greatness
minds of entrepreneurs and innovators.
rests. It tears off the blinders of ignorance
Our America 2000 educational strategy
and prejudice and lets us move on to great-
challenges the Nation to reinvent the
er things.
American school, to compete in the race to
Ironically, on the 200th anniversary of
unleash our national genius.
our Bill of Rights, we find free speech
We've incorporated market incentives
under assault throughout the United States,
into our legislative proposals, so taxpayers
including on some college campuses. The
will get a fair return on their dollars. Just
notion of political correctness has ignited
look at last year's child-care legislation and
controversy across the land. And although
the Clean Air Act, or this year's transporta-
the movement arises from the laudable
tion bill.
desire to sweep away the debris of racism
We've proposed a comprehensive bank-
and sexism and hatred, it replaces old preju-
ing reform package that strengthens the fi-
dice with new ones. It declares certain
nancial system upon which economic
topics off-limits, certain expression off-
470
May 4 / Administration of George Bush, 1991
our future as a nation.
growth depends. We repeatedly have tried
limits,
Let me start with the freedom to create.
to slash the capital gains, so people with
Wh.
From its inception, the United States has
dreams have a chance of achieving them.
soured
been a laboratory for creation, invention,
And we want to extend this dignity of
censor
and exploration. Here, merit conquers cir-
home ownership to people who live now in
gettin
cumstance. Here, people of vision-Abra-
government-owned apartments. Home
instan
ham Lincoln, Henry Ford, Martin Luther
ideas.
ownership gives people dignity.
King, Jr.-outgrow rough origins and trans-
Thr
And although we have tried to transfer
form a world. These achievements testify to
mana
power into the hands of the people, we
the greatness of our free enterprise system.
ed di
haven't done enough. In a world trans-
In past ages, and in other economic orders,
look
formed by freedom, we must look for other
people could acquire wealth only seizing
action
ways to help people build good lives for
goods from others. Free enterprise liberates
crusa
themselves and their families. The average
us from this Hobbesian quagmire. It lets
crush
worker in the United States now spends
one person's fortune become everyone's
We
more than 4 months of each year working
gain.
intole
This system, built upon the foundation of
just to pay the tax man, and increasing
tende
numbers of citizens see that burden as a
private property, harnesses our powerful in-
reaso
stincts for creativity. It gives everyone an
barrier to achieving their dreams. We've
disag
interest in shared prosperity, in freedom,
tried to put on a lid on the spending that
of cot
and in respect. No system of development
drives taxes and to concentrate government
court.
ever has nurtured virtue as completely and
efforts on truly national purposes. It's only
land,
common sense. And if we want to build
rigorously as ours. We've become the most
settin
egalitarian system in history-and one of
faith in government, we must demand
basis
the most harmonious-because we let
public services that serve the people. We
Bu
people work freely toward their destinies.
must insist upon compassion that works.
It's n
When governments try to improve on
But the power to create also rests on
in th
freedom-say, by picking winners and
other freedoms, especially the freedom-
let u:
losers in the economic market-they fail.
and I think about that right now-to think
of di
No conclave of experts, no matter how bril-
and speak one's mind. [Applause] You see-
frien
liant, can match the sheer ingenuity of a
thank you. The freedom-I had this written
As A
market that collects and distributes the wis-
into the speech, and I didn't even know
powe
doms of millions of people, all pursuing
these guys were going to be here.
And
their destinies in different ways.
No, but seriously, the freedom to speak
conq
Our administration appreciates the power
one's mind-that may be the most funda-
tives
of free enterprise, and our economic and
mental and deeply revered of all our liber-
If
domestic programs try to apply the genius
ties. Americans, to debate, to say what we
mism
of the market to the needs of the Nation.
think-because, you see, it separates good
must
For example, we want to eliminate rules
ideas from bad. It defines and cultivates the
minc
and redtape that bind the hands and the
diversity upon which our national greatness
peop
minds of entrepreneurs and innovators.
rests. It tears off the blinders of ignorance
havi
Our America 2000 educational strategy
and prejudice and lets us move on to great-
Yo
challenges the Nation to reinvent the
er things.
thou
American school, to compete in the race to
Ironically, on the 200th anniversary of
hope
unleash our national genius.
our Bill of Rights, we find free speech
righ
We've incorporated market incentives
under assault throughout the United States,
let's
into our legislative proposals, so taxpayers
including on some college campuses. The
Th
will get a fair return on their dollars. Just
notion of political correctness has ignited
to a'
look at last year's child-care legislation and
controversy across the land. And although
free
the Clean Air Act, or this year's transporta-
the movement arises from the laudable
In re
tion bill.
desire to sweep away the debris of racism
we
We've proposed a comprehensive bank-
and sexism and hatred, it replaces old preju-
wor
ing reform package that strengthens the fi-
dice with new ones. It declares certain
tune
nancial system upon which economic
topics off-limits, certain expression off-
wors
470
RELIGIOUS BROADCASTERS
SHERATON HOTEL
MONDAY, JANUARY 28, 1991
8:45 A.M.
PRESIDENT ROSE AND EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR GUSTAVSON
-- AND I WANT TO SALUTE YOUR LEADERSHIP OF THE NRB.
BILLY GRAHAM, JERRY FALWELL, PAT ROBERTSON, JAMES
DOBSON, AND CHUCK COLSON. FCC COMMISSIONERS ALFRED
SIKES AND ERWIN DUGGAN [DUG-IN]. THIS MARKS THE FIFTH
TIME I HAVE ADDRESSED THE ANNUAL CONVENTION OF THE
NATIONAL RELIGIOUS BROADCASTERS. ONCE AGAIN, IT IS AN
HONOR TO BE BACK. //
LET ME BEGIN BY CONGRATULATING YOU ON YOUR THEME OF
"DECLARING HIS GLORY TO ALL NATIONS." IT IS A THEME
ECLIPSING DENOMINATIONS -- AND WHICH REFLECTS MANY OF
THE ETERNAL TEACHINGS IN SCRIPTURE. /
I SPEAK, OF COURSE, OF THE TEACHINGS WHICH UPHOLD
MORAL VALUES LIKE TOLERANCE, COMPASSION, FAITH, AND
COURAGE. THEY REMIND US THAT WHILE GOD CAN LIVE
WITHOUT MAN, MAN CANNOT LIVE WITHOUT GOD. HIS LOVE AND
HIS JUSTICE INSPIRE IN US A YEARNING FOR FAITH AND A
COMPASSION FOR THE WEAK AND OPPRESSED AS WELL AS THE
COURAGE AND CONVICTION TO OPPOSE TYRANNY AND INJUSTICE.
// MATTHEW ALSO REMINDS US IN THESE TIMES THAT THE
MEEK SHALL INHERIT THE EARTH.
- 2 -
AT HOME, THESE VALUES IMBUE THE POLICIES WHICH YOU
AND I SUPPORT. LIKE ME, YOU ENDORSE ADOPTION, NOT
ABORTION. AND LAST YEAR, YOU HELPED ENSURE THAT THE
OPTION OF RELIGIOUS-BASED CHILD CARE WILL NOT BE
RESTRICTED OR ELIMINATED BY THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT. I
COMMEND YOUR CONCERN ON BEHALF OF AMERICANS WITH
DISABILITIES. AND YOUR BELIEF THAT STUDENTS WHO GO TO
SCHOOL TO NOURISH THEIR MINDS, SHOULD ALSO BE ALLOWED
TO NOURISH THEIR SOULS. 11 I HAVE NOT LESSENED MY
COMMITMENT TO RESTORING VOLUNTARY PRAYER IN SCHOOLS. //
THESE ACTIONS CAN MAKE AMERICA A KINDER, GENTLER
PLACE BECAUSE THEY REAFFIRM THE VALUES I SPOKE OF
EARLIER -- VALUES THAT MUST BE CENTRAL TO THE LIVES OF
EVERY INDIVIDUAL AND THE LIFE OF EVERY NATION. / THE
CLERGYMAN RICHARD CECIL ONCE SAID: "THERE ARE TWO
CLASSES OF THE WISE; THE MEN WHO SERVE GOD BECAUSE THEY
HAVE FOUND HIM, AND THE MEN WHO SEEK HIM BECAUSE THEY
HAVE NOT FOUND HIM YET." ABROAD -- AS IN AMERICA --
OUR TASK IS TO SERVE AND SEEK WISELY THROUGH THE
POLICIES WE PURSUE. //
- 3 -
NOWHERE IS THIS MORE TRUE THAN IN THE PERSIAN GULF
-- WHERE DESPITE THE PROTESTATIONS OF SADDAM HUSSEIN,
IT'S NOT IRAQ AGAINST THE UNITED STATES. IT'S THE
REGIME OF SADDAM HUSSEIN AGAINST THE WORLD. 11 SADDAM
HAS TRIED TO CAST THIS CONFLICT AS A RELIGIOUS WAR --
BUT IT HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH RELIGION PER SE. IT HAS
-- ON THE OTHER HAND -- EVERYTHING TO DO WITH WHAT
RELIGION EMBODIES. GOOD VERSUS EVIL. RIGHT VERSUS
WRONG. HUMAN DIGNITY AND FREEDOM VERSUS TYRANNY AND
OPPRESSION. 11
THE WAR IN THE GULF IS NOT A CHRISTIAN WAR OR A
JEWISH WAR -- OR A MOSLEM WAR -- IT IS A JUST WAR, AND
IT IS A WAR IN WHICH GOOD WILL PREVAIL. 11
I AM TOLD THAT THE PRINCIPLES OF A "JUST WAR"
ORIGINATED WITH CLASSICAL GREEK AND ROMAN PHILOSOPHERS
LIKE PLATO AND CICERO. LATER, THEY WERE EXPOUNDED BY
SUCH CHRISTIAN THEOLOGIANS AS AMBROSE, AUGUSTINE
[AW-GUS-TUN], AND THOMAS AQUINAS. /
- 4 -
THE FIRST PRINCIPLE OF A JUST WAR IS THAT IT
SUPPORT A JUST CAUSE. // OUR CAUSE COULD NOT BE MORE
NOBLE. WE SEEK IRAQ'S WITHDRAWAL FROM KUWAIT --
COMPLETELY, IMMEDIATELY, AND WITHOUT CONDITION; THE
RESTORATION OF KUWAIT'S LEGITIMATE GOVERNMENT; AND THE
SECURITY AND STABILITY OF THE GULF. 11 WE WILL SEE
THAT KUWAIT ONCE AGAIN IS FREE, THAT THE NIGHTMARE OF
IRAQ'S BRUTAL OCCUPATION IS ENDED, AND THAT NAKED
AGGRESSION WILL NOT BE REWARDED. 11 WE SEEK NOTHING
FOR OURSELVES. AS I HAVE SAID, U.S. FORCES WILL LEAVE
AS SOON AS THEIR MISSION IS OVER, AS SOON AS THEY ARE
NO LONGER NEEDED OR DESIRED. //
AND LET ME ADD, WE DO NOT SEEK THE DESTRUCTION OF
IRAQ. WE HAVE RESPECT FOR THE PEOPLE OF IRAQ, FOR THE
IMPORTANCE OF IRAQ IN THE REGION. WE DO NOT WANT A
COUNTRY SO DESTABILIZED THAT IRAQ ITSELF WILL BE A
TARGET FOR AGGRESSION.
- 5 -
BUT, A JUST WAR MUST ALSO BE DECLARED BY LEGITIMATE
AUTHORITY. OPERATION DESERT STORM IS SUPPORTED BY
UNPRECEDENTED UNITED NATIONS' SOLIDARITY. THE
PRINCIPLE OF COLLECTIVE SELF-DEFENSE. 12 SECURITY
COUNCIL RESOLUTIONS, AND IN THE GULF, 28 NATIONS FROM
SIX CONTINENTS UNITED -- RESOLUTE -- THAT WE WILL NOT
WAVER -- AND THAT SADDAM'S AGGRESSION WILL NOT STAND.
// I SALUTE THE AID -- ECONOMIC AND MILITARY -- FROM
COUNTRIES WHO HAVE JOINED IN THIS UNPRECEDENTED EFFORT
-- WHOSE COURAGE AND SACRIFICE HAVE INSPIRED THE WORLD.
// WE'RE NOT GOING IT ALONE -- BUT BELIEVE ME, WE ARE
GOING TO SEE IT THROUGH. 11
- 6 -
EVERY WAR IS FOUGHT FOR A REASON. BUT, A JUST WAR
IS FOUGHT FOR RIGHT REASONS -- FOR MORAL, NOT SELFISH
REASONS. LET ME TAKE A MOMENT TO TELL YOU A STORY -- A
TRAGIC STORY ABOUT A FAMILY WHOSE TWO SONS, EIGHTEEN
AND NINETEEN, REPORTEDLY REFUSED TO LOWER THE KUWAITI
FLAG IN FRONT OF THEIR HOME. FOR THIS CRIME, THEY WERE
EXECUTED BY THE IRAQIS. THEN, UNBELIEVABLY, THEIR
PARENTS WERE ASKED TO PAY THE PRICE OF THE BULLETS USED
TO KILL THEM. // SOME ASK WHETHER IT IS MORAL TO USE
FORCE TO STOP THE RAPE, PILLAGE, AND PLUNDER OF KUWAIT.
MY ANSWER: EXTRAORDINARY DIPLOMATIC EFFORTS HAVING
BEEN USED TO RESOLVE THE MATTER PEACEFULLY, IT WOULD BE
IMMORAL NOT TO USE FORCE. 11
- 7 -
A JUST WAR MUST BE A LAST RESORT. AS I HAVE OFTEN
SAID, WE DID NOT WANT WAR. BUT YOU ALL KNOW THE VERSE
FROM ECCLESIASTES: THERE IS "A TIME FOR PEACE, A TIME
FOR WAR." 11 FROM AUGUST 2, 1990 TO JANUARY 15, 1991
-- 166 DAYS -- WE TRIED TO RESOLVE THIS CONFLICT.
SECRETARY OF STATE JIM BAKER MADE AN EXTRAORDINARY
EFFORT TO ACHIEVE PEACE. MORE THAN 200 MEETINGS WITH
FOREIGN DIGNITARIES. TEN DIPLOMATIC MISSIONS. SIX
CONGRESSIONAL APPEARANCES. OVER 103,000 MILES TRAVELED
TO TALK WITH -- AMONG OTHERS -- MEMBERS OF THE U.N.,
THE ARAB LEAGUE, AND THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY. // SADLY,
SADDAM HUSSEIN REJECTED OUT-OF-HAND EVERY OVERTURE. HE
MADE THIS JUST WAR AN INEVITABLE WAR. 11
- 8 -
WE ALL KNOW WAR NEVER COMES EASY OR CHEAP. WAR IS
NEVER WITHOUT THE LOSS OF INNOCENT LIFE -- AND THAT IS
WAR'S GREATEST TRAGEDY. BUT WHEN A WAR MUST BE FOUGHT
FOR THE GREATER GOOD, IT IS OUR GRAVEST OBLIGATION TO
CONDUCT A WAR IN PROPORTION TO THE THREAT. THAT IS, WE
MUST ACT REASONABLY, HUMANELY, AND MAKE EVERY POSSIBLE
EFFORT TO KEEP CASUALTIES TO A MINIMUM. 11 AND WE
HAVE DONE SO. FROM THE FIRST DAY OF THE WAR, THE
ALLIES HAVE WAGED WAR AGAINST SADDAM'S MILITARY
MACHINE. WE ARE DOING EVERYTHING POSSIBLE TO AVOID
HURTING THE INNOCENT. SADDAM'S RESPONSE? WANTON,
BARBARIC BOMBING OF CIVILIAN AREAS. AMERICA AND HER
ALLIES VALUE LIFE. WE PRAY THAT SADDAM HUSSEIN WILL
SEE REASON. TO DATE, HIS INDISCRIMINATE USE OF SCUD
MISSILES NOTHING MORE THAN WEAPONS OF TERROR -- HAS
OUTRAGED THE WORLD.
- 9 -
THE PRICE OF WAR IS ALWAYS HIGH. so IT MUST NEVER
-- EVER -- BE UNDERTAKEN WITHOUT TOTAL COMMITMENT TO A
SUCCESSFUL OUTCOME. IT IS ONLY JUSTIFIED WHEN VICTORY
CAN BE ACHIEVED. 11 I HAVE PLEDGED THAT THIS WILL NOT
BE "ANOTHER VIETNAM." IT WON'T. 11 WE ARE FORTUNATE
TO HAVE IN THIS CRISIS THE FINEST ARMED FORCES EVER
ASSEMBLED. WE WILL PREVAIL BECAUSE WE HAVE THE FINEST
SOLDIERS, SAILORS, AIRMEN, MARINES, AND COAST GUARDSMEN
ANY NATION HAS EVER HAD. //
ABOVE ALL, WE WILL PREVAIL BECAUSE OF THE SUPPORT
OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE -- ARMED WITH A TRUST IN GOD AND
IN THE PRINCIPLES THAT MAKE MEN FREE. PEOPLE LIKE EACH
OF YOU IN THIS ROOM. I SALUTE VOICE OF HOPE'S LIVE
RADIO PROGRAMMING FOR U.S. AND ALLIED TROOPS IN THE
GULF. AND YOUR "OPERATION DESERT PRAYER" -- AND
WORSHIP SERVICES FOR OUR TROOPS HELD BY -- AMONG OTHERS
-- THE MAN WHO OVER A WEEK AGO LED A WONDERFUL PRAYER
SERVICE AT FORT MYER: THE REVEREND BILLY GRAHAM. //
- 10 -
AMERICA HAS ALWAYS BEEN A RELIGIOUS NATION --
PERHAPS NEVER MORE THAN NOW. JUST LOOK AT THE LAST
SEVERAL WEEKS. CHURCHES, SYNAGOGUES AND MOSQUES
REPORTING RECORD ATTENDANCE AT SERVICES. CHAPELS
PACKED DURING WORKING HOURS AS AMERICANS STOP IN FOR A
MOMENT OR TWO. WHY? TO PRAY FOR PEACE. 11 I KNOW
THAT SOME DISAGREE WITH THE COURSE THAT I HAVE TAKEN.
I HAVE NO BITTERNESS IN MY HEART ABOUT THAT, NO ANGER.
I AM CONVINCED WE ARE DOING THE RIGHT THING -- AND
TOLERANCE IS A VIRTUE, NOT A VICE. / BUT WITH THE
SUPPORT AND PRAYERS OF so MANY, THERE CAN BE NO
QUESTION IN THE MINDS OF OUR SOLDIERS -- OR IN THE
MINDS OF OUR ENEMY -- ABOUT WHAT AMERICANS THINK. WE
KNOW THAT THIS IS A JUST WAR, AND WE KNOW THAT, GOD
WILLING, THIS IS A WAR WE WILL WIN. BUT MOST OF ALL,
WE KNOW THAT OURS WOULD NOT BE THE LAND OF THE FREE IF
IT WERE NOT ALSO THE HOME OF THE BRAVE. 11
- 11 -
NO ONE WANTED WAR LESS THAN I. NO ONE IS MORE
DETERMINED TO SEIZE FROM BATTLE THE REAL PEACE THAT CAN
CREATE A NEW WORLD ORDER. // WHEN THIS WAR IS OVER THE
UNITED STATES, ITS CREDIBILITY AND RELIABILITY
RESTORED, WILL HAVE A KEY LEADERSHIP ROLE IN HELPING
BRING PEACE TO THE REST OF THE MIDDLE EAST.
I HAVE BEEN HONORED TO SERVE AS PRESIDENT OF THIS
GREAT NATION FOR TWO YEARS NOW, AND BELIEVE -- MORE
THAN EVER -- THAT ONE CANNOT BE AMERICA'S PRESIDENT
WITHOUT TRUST IN GOD. I CANNOT IMAGINE A WORLD -- A
LIFE -- WITHOUT THE PRESENCE OF THE ONE THROUGH WHOM
ALL THINGS ARE POSSIBLE. 11
DURING THE DARKEST DAYS OF THE CIVIL WAR, A MAN WE
REVERE NOT MERELY FOR WHAT HE DID -- BUT WHAT HE WAS
-- WAS ASKED WHETHER HE THOUGHT THE LORD WAS ON HIS
SIDE. SAID ABRAHAM LINCOLN: MY CONCERN IS NOT WHETHER
GOD IS ON OUR SIDE -- BUT WHETHER WE ARE ON GOD'S SIDE.
//
- 12 -
MY FELLOW AMERICANS, I BELIEVE THE TIMES WILL SOON
BE ON THE SIDE OF PEACE. BECAUSE THE WORLD IS
OVERWHELMINGLY ON THE SIDE OF GOD. THANK YOU FOR THIS
OCCASION. MAY GOD BLESS OUR COUNTRY. AND PLEASE
REMEMBER ALL OF OUR COALITION'S ARMED FORCES IN YOUR
PRAYERS.
:
# # # #
THE VICE PRESIDENT'S OFFICE
Office of the Press Secretary
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE -- Tuesday, June 9, 1992 -- 9:00 a.m.
ADDRESS BY THE VICE PRESIDENT
TO THE SOUTHERN BAPTISTS' CONVENTION
Indianapolis, Indiana
You know, I was recently in Toledo, Ohio, and I made
what we call an impromptu visit to a Kroger's grocery store.
While I was there I bought some of my favorite chocolate chip
cookies. On the way out I offered a little girl one of the
cookies. And you know what she said? She said, "My mommy
told me not to take things from a stranger. And I said, "But
I'm not a stranger. I'm the Vice President." And I can tell
you this: for all the slings and arrows I've endured in the last
four years, nothing has quite humbled me like that child's reply.
"That's okay" -- she told me, walking away -- "I'm really not
hungry anyway."
When you think about it, though, that little girl's
suspicion of strangers tells us something sad about the world in
which our children are growing up. Sure, mothers have always
told their children to be wary of strangers. But you just have
to pick up the newspaper on any given day to realize that in our
world, that advice is a little more urgent.
In some ways we're a nation of strangers. And, as a
society grows, maybe that's inevitable. We cannot -- as the
sophisticated folks are always reminding us -- "turn back the
clock" to the America of Norman Rockwell and the small-town
values he celebrated. And yet those values are still there.
They live in our thousands of Southern Baptist churches, and in
other places of worship across America. They live in our
communities, both large and small, where families get to know
their neighbors, and where parents get to know their kids'
teachers, the school bus driver, and the cop on the beat. They
live in every home where parents patiently pass their experience
and their values along to their children. These values live
because they are invaluable. They stand as our essential guide
to a good and honest life.
Now change is a permanent part of life. As Americans, we do
not fear change -- we're always confident we can shape our own
future for the better. We believe that our destiny is not a
matter of chance -- it's a matter of choice. But this means
choosing wisely. It means realizing that some of the changes in
our culture in recent decades have not been for the better. Some
of these changes seem to have undermined the values we cherish.
1
In fact, these changes have created a cultural divide in our
country. It is so great a divide that it sometimes seems we have
two cultures -- the cultural elite, and the rest of us. Most of
us look at these social changes and we say, "Yes, change is
inevitable, and much of it is good. But some of it is not. Let
us preserve the good and reject the bad." And, my friends, most
of us believe we should not be afraid to continue to talk about
values -- to try to judge what is right and what is wrong.
Yet, as I discovered recently, to appeal to our country's
enduring, basic moral values is to invite the scorn and laughter
of the elite culture. Talk about right and wrong, and they' 11
try to mock us in newsrooms, sitcom studios, and faculty lounges
across America. But in the heart of America, in the homes and
workplaces and churches, the message is heard. A sense of moral
decency runs deep in the American people. We know that the
simple things, the simple gifts, and the simple truths that
Americans have always sought to live by are more relevant than
ever in our complex times. Among the sophisticates, to talk
about simple moral principles is considered an embarrassing
"gaffe." I guess that means they're embarrassed about the views
of the average American -- because moral values are what the
American people care most about. And that's why I say this about
the scorn of the media elite: "I wear their scorn as a badge of
honor."
My friends, we need to have a discussion among ourselves on
the importance of moral values. It's time that we Americans
speak out for what we believe in and what we stand for. It is
time we Americans stand up for our values, stand up for America,
and say that America is great because of our people and our
values.
The cultural elite in Hollywood and elsewhere may have a lot
of money; they may have a lot of influence. But we have the
power of ideas, the power of our convictions, and the power of
our beliefs. And we shall carry the day -- because in their
sense of morality, in their belief in personal responsibility,
in their faithfulness, in their love of goodness and love of
neighbor -- the American people are far ahead of our country's
self-appointed cultural elites.
Often those of us who talk of values, who defend the
traditional family, who distinguish right from wrong, are accused
of being intolerant. Let us be clear: we defend the rights of
all Americans. We are for compassion and tolerance. We are,
after all, commanded to love our neighbor. But we do not believe
that being compassionate and tolerant means abandoning our
standards of right or wrong, good or bad. We do not think
tolerance requires abandoning our belief in the family.
2
The cultural elites respect neither tradition nor standards.
They believe that moral truths are relative and all "lifestyles"
are equal. They seem to think the family is an arbitrary
arrangement of people who decide to live under the same roof --
that fathers are dispensable, and that parents need not be
married or even of opposite sexes. They are wrong.
We believe the family is a sacred institution entrusted with
the world's most important work. It is not only "nature's
masterpiece," as someone once said -- it is God's masterpiece.
We believe society is only as strong as the families who live and
grow within it. And we believe that the family and family values
need our support. In a time when those values are denigrated, I
say it's time for us to join together and speak up for the
family, family values, and the values and principles that make
America great.
Many in the cultural elite sneer at the simple but hard
virtues -- modesty, fidelity, integrity. But when the tragic
consequences of that moral cynicism become apparent, do they
pause to rethink their views? No. Do they even acknowledge the
consequences -- an ever-increasing rate of illegitimacy, youthful
promiscuity, 1.6 million abortions every year? No. They deny
that values have consequences. Their response often compounds
the problem -- handing out condoms in the schools, or
distributing sexual propaganda to third- and fourth-graders.
Morally speaking, our children ask for bread and the cynics give
them a stone. We believe our children were made for better lives
than that -- and that moral and spiritual integrity are the key
to human fulfillment.
The elite's culture is a guilt-free culture. It avoids
responsibility and flees consequences. If, as a result of
one's own actions, a child is conceived, they have a simple
solution -- get rid of it. Our solution, for those mothers who
feel they cannot raise the child, is adoption. They treat God's
greatest gift -- new life -- as an inconvenience to be discarded.
We believe life is a beautiful gift to be loved and cared for --
however "inconvenient." They believe in the right to dispose of
life -- we believe in the right to life.
You know, we who talk about values are accused of nostalgia
for a time that once was. But those who imagine an America
without clear moral values yearn for something that could never
be. If America ever lost its moral vision, it would cease to be
America. To paraphrase my grandfather, I would say that America
is good because America is free. But he understood that it works
the other way around, too: that if America ceased to be good, it
would cease to be free. We would become a soulless and divided
nation, a nation under siege instead of a nation under God. Our
common vision of the good and just life is what keeps the
"united" in "United States."
3
Moral values make a nation great -- and they are the solid
foundation of our lives as individuals and as families. They are
not arbitrary. They are not "imposed." They are not handed down
by politicians. People like to caricature these values, as if
they arose from narrow-minded theological doctrines. But think
about that word, "narrow-minded." "Do unto others as you would
have
them
do
unto
you"
"Love thy neighbor"
"Walk humbly
with thy God"
"Choose Life" -- are those narrow-minded ideas?
The fact is that the great faiths of the world ask much the same
thing of their followers. Far from being narrow or intolerant,
such moral values represent the consensus of humanity about what
makes for a good life and a good society. In the face of that
consensus, moral cynicism is an easy out. Confronted with life's
great moral issues, a sneer is not an answer.
As I found after my recent speech on values, the real
intolerance is to be found on the other side. And the tragedy of
our time is that so many in the elite culture off-handedly
dismiss moral values. Whether Christian or Jew, Catholic or
Protestant, it is not we who are too restrictive. Those who turn
away from moral truths restrict themselves. I know it is
politically correct to be dismissive of those who speak of moral
values. But political correctness is a. form of intolerance.
And then there are people like yourselves, who don't just
talk about values but seek to live by them. You know what it's
like to bear the brunt of ridicule -- as does anyone who has ever
tried to stand up for a good cause. In raising up faithful
children, in church work like maintaining homes for unwed
mothers, in supporting the superb work of your Christian Life
Commission, by honoring God in all things -- you keep those
values alive.
To the jaded, believers in traditional morality may seem to
lead simple and plain lives, wanting only plain things. But I'm
reminded of G.K. Chesterton's remark that "a plain word always
covers an infinite mystery.' Faith -- Fidelity -- Family ---
Honor -- Duty -- Goodness -- Love. Such simple, plain words.
But to anyone who tries to live by them -- such infinite
mysteries.
Speaking to your convention ten years ago, Vice President
George Bush described America as "a country born out of a spirit
of renewal." And "looking out on such a group as this one, " our
President told Southern Baptists, "I think the renewal is well
begun.'
Well begun, and yet only just begun. The decade since then
has seen some tragic developments continue to unfold. Two good
men have held the office of President -- yet not even that is
enough. We have made superb appointments to the courts of our
land -- yet not even that is enough. Renewal, ultimately, is not
4
primarily the work of government. It's our work, the work of our
churches, the work of each person, responding each day to the
hard questions of life and faith. It's the work of choosing
wisely. Choosing to live in falsehood -- or in fidelity.
Choosing to follow man in his foolish ways -- or the Son of Man
who walked the way of love and mercy, full of grace and truth.
Let us choose the way of love and mercy, of grace and truth.
Thank you for your commitment. Thank you for your support.
Thank you for joining in the struggle for the restoration of
values in this great country of ours, the United States of
America. God bless each of you, and God bless America.
# # #
5
'92-09-06 21:08 DOUG, GAMBLE
P.1
DOUG GAMBLE
424 - 36th Place
Manhattan Beach, CA 90266
Sept. 7/92
(310) 546-6409
TO: CHRISTINA MARTIN
2 Pages
PAT ROBERTSON CROWD, VA. BEACH (Curt Smith)
I PLAN TO BE BRIEF TODAY. AS ZSA ZSA GABOR SAID TO EACH OF HER HUSBANDS,
"I LL LET YOU GO FAIRLY SOON."
I INTEND TO KEEP MY REMARKS SHORTER THAN MY CONVENTION SPEECH. A NETWORK
LAST
EXECUTIVE TOLD ME HE'D PRODUCED SOME TV SERIES THAT DIDN TAXANK AS LONG AS
THAT SPEECH.
I ENJOY PAT ROBERTSON ON THE "700 CLUB," BUT THE DEMOCRATS HAVE A "700 CLUB"
OF THEIR OWN. THAT'S THE NUMBER OF POSITIONS BILL CLINTON TAKES ON EACH ISSUE.
WHEN I WAS GROWING UP, I LEARNED ABOUT TOLERANCE AT THE DINNER TABLE WHEN MOM
OR DAD READ A BIBLE LESSON. WELL, UP TO A POINT. I DON'T THINK THAT EVEN
DIVINE INTERVERTION FROM ON HIGH COULD MAKE ME TOLERATE BROCCOLI.
BARBARA HELPED TEACH ME, AS THE BIBLE SAYS, TO ACT JUSTLY, TO LOVE MERCY AND
TO WALK HUMBLY. AND WHEN I COMPARE MY POLLS TO HER'S, I HAVE A LOT TO BE
HUMBLE ABOUT.
MORE
'92-09-06 21:08 DOUG GAMBLE
P.2
- 2 -
DOUG GAMBLE
TO: CHRISTINA MARTIN - VIRGINIA BEACH (CONT'D)
WE'VE SEEN A NEW INTOLERANCE LATELY IN THE FORM OF WHAT HAS BECOME KNOWN
AS "POLITICAL CORRECTNESS." THE SO-CALLED POLITICALLY CORRECT WOULD BAN
SUCH CLASSICS AS "TOM SAWYER" AND "HUCKLEBERRY FINN," INSERT RIDICULOUS
EUPHEMISIMS INTO THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND ATTEMPT TO SILENCE THOSE THEY
DISAGREE WITH. WELL, P.C. IS NOT USA. THERE'S NO ROOM FOR INTELLECTUAL
BLACKBALLING OR BROWN-SHIRTING IN THE LAND OF THE RED, WHITE & BLUE. AND
WE HAVE NOT FACED UP TO THE FIGHT FOR FREEDOM AROUND THE WORLD, ONLY TO
NOW ser TURN OUR BACKS ON TACTICS THAT WOULD PLACE A GAG ON FREEDOM OF
EXPRESSION HERE AT HOME.
I WANT ALL AMERICANS TO KNOW THAT THE GRAND OLD PARTY OF LINCOLN IS ALSO
THE GRAND NEW PARTY OF INCLUSION.
CONVICTION WITHOUT TOLERANCE IS LIKE PAT ROBERTSON WITHOUT (name of the
Scottish woman who co-hosts Age the "700 Club.")
AS WE STRIVE FOR SCHOOLS THAT FEED THE INTELLECT, LET'S CONTINUE THE FIGHT
FOR THE RIGHT OF VOLUNTARY PRAYER IN SCHOOLS, TO NOURISH THE SOUL.
'92-09-07 07:44 DOUG GAMBLE
P.1
DOUG GAMBLE
424 . 36th Place
Manhattan Beach, CA 90266
Sept. 7/92
(310)546-6409
TO: CHRISTINA MARTIN
MORE PAT ROBERTSON (Curt Smith)
(Resame)
UNFORTUNATELY, THE TOLERANCE DISPENSED BY THE LIBERAL MEDIA STOPS AT THE
CHURCHHOUSE DOOR. THOSE WHO BELIEVE IN TREATING OTHER SEGMENTS OF SOCIETY
WITH POLITICAL CORRECTNESS, DON'T THINK IT APPLIES TO THOSE WHO BELIEVE IN
GOD. THOSE WHO PREACH TOLERANCE OF EVEN THE MOST BIZAARE LIFESTYLES, ARE
coursy
INTOLERANT OF THOSE WHO FOLLOW THE PREACHINGS OF THE SAVIOUR. THE MEDIA HAS
DECIDED IT'S NOT TRENDY TO EMBRACE THE PRINCE OF PEACE. BUT JUST AS HE
WITHSTOOD TORMENT, RIDICULE AND PERSECUTION TO LIVE FOREVER, so WILL THE
FAITH WE CARRY IN OUR HEARTS OVERCOME THE INTOLERANCE WHICH HAS INVADED THE
HEARTS OF THE CULTURAL ELITE.
Think I their is acyumg insume,is pries-
end inco then my unsutlea. walker us uses uti, issue -
Geeic: cheries 3 me seeliar Tow ole we Lere sre isa. has 1 we
6 is Section Sucretal indrine Ve 3 las Love pramier in -Su u
pein
policy ached sti nate 2x qui- Tobett so us u ve.
when and
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OXFORD
564 ZABARELLA
ZEPHANIAH, Book of. *Minor Prophet.
ZION.
The Book announces the approaching judge-
*David 1
ment of all nations in the Day of the Lord,
The nan
Z
but holds out the hope of future conversion
(Is. 1:
among the heathen and of a faithful remnant
city (Het
among the Jews. The prophecy claims to
ZABARELLA, FRANCESCO (1360-
patristics he wrote on *Marcellus of Ancyra,
have been delivered in the reign of Josiah
ZITA, S
1417), Italian canonist. Created cardinal by
St. *Ignatius, and on the Acts of *John.
(d 608 B.C.) The opening words of the
domestic
*John XXIII in 1411, he conducted the
**Dies irae' are taken from the *Vulgate ver-
entered tl.
negotiations with the Emp. Sigismund for
ZARATHUSTRA. See Zoroastrianism.
sion of 15f
Lucca, H
the Council of *Constance. His conduct at
She was f
the Council contributed to healing the
ZEALOTS. A Jewish party of revolt. Acc.
ZEPHYRINUS, St. (d. 217), Pope from
schism. His writings on canon law long
to *Josephus they were followers of John of
198. Little IS known of him. St. *Hippolytus
ZONAR/
remained standard works.
Gischala who inspired the fanatical resis-
charged him with laxity in enforcing disci-
tance in Jerusalem which led to its destruc-
pline and failure to suppress the heresies
Byzantine
ZACCHAEUS. A *publican, he climbed a
tion by the Romans in A.D. 70. They have
(esp. *Sabellianism) prevalent in Rome, but
high offi-
before h.
he excommunicated *Theodotus the Cobbler
tree to see Christ, and was called by name to
commonly been identified with (1) the fol-
'Universa
come down and give Him lodging in his
lowers of Judas of Gamala who led a revolt
and his disciple Theodotus the Money
would oth
house (Lk. 19: 1-10).
in A.D. 6, and (2) the Sicarii, who tried to
Changer who defended the cause of 'Adop-
and cover
achieve their ends by assassinating their pol-
tionist *Monarchianism'.
He also H
itical opponents and refused to surrender to
ZACHARIAH. The father of St. *John the
law.
the Romans at Masada. There is no good
ZIGABENUS, EUTHYMIUS. See Euthy-
Baptist. A Jewish priest, he received a vision
reason for either identification. The epithet
mius Zigabenus.
in the *Temple promising him a son; he cele-
'zealot' applied to St. *Simon 'the Less' in
ZOROAS
brated the birth of the child and the coming
Lk. 6: 15 may mean that he belonged to the
ZILLERTHAL EVANGELICALS. A
tem ascr.
redemption of Israel in the '*Benedictus'.
Zealot party, or may merely describe his
body of Protestants living in the Zillerthal,
which bec
character.
one of the valleys of the Tyrol, who seceded
Zoroas
ZACHARIAS, St. (d. 752), Pope from
from the RC Church in 1829 and the follow-
He taught
741. He induced the Lombard king, Liut-
ZECHARIAH, Book of. *Minor Prophet.
ing years. They were ordered to leave the
'Wise Lot
prand, to restore her patrimonies to the
Chs. 1-8, written by Zechariah, date from
country and settled in Prussia.
and six o:
Church and to abandon his attack on
519-517 B.C. An introductory prophecy is
These spi-
*Ravenna. He supported the missionary
followed by an account of 8 visions. In one
ZINZENDORF, NIKOLAUS LUDWIG,
who is he.
work of St. *Boniface, confirmed the depo-
of these Zerubbabel, the contemporary head
GRAF VON (1700-60), founder of the
life on ear
sition of the last of the Merovingians, and
of the royal house of Judah, is exhorted to
*Herrnhuter 'Brüdergemeine'. From 1722
will trium;
had *Pepin anointed by Boniface. He
complete the restoration of the *Temple and
he received on one of his estates Protestant
over the
denounced the *Iconoclastic policy of the
is perhaps identified with the Davidic prince
emigrants from Austria, many of them des-
some mu:
Emp. Constantine Copronymus.
(see Messiah; 4: 6-10). In chs. 7-8
cendants of the *Bohemian Brethren. He
and enjoy
Zechariah asserts the need for righteousness
gave up his government post in 1727 and
times held
rather than fasting, and prophesies the future
devoted himself to the care of the colony,
ZACHARIAS SCHOLASTICUS (d. after
glory of Judah when the Gentiles seeking
called Hermhut. He was attacked as an inno-
ZOSIMU:
536), *Monophysite Bp. of Mitylene on the
God should voluntarily join themselves to
vator by orthodox *Lutherans and exiled
417. His
island of Lesbos. His most important work
the Jews. Chs. 9-14 contain two anonymous
from Saxony from 1736 to 1747. In 1737 he
ders. The
was a Church history, valuable for the period
prophecies of a different style and reflecting
secured *Moravian episcopal consecration.
*Augustine
450-91. He also wrote lives of *Severus of
He founded communities in the Baltic pro-
favourable
Antioch, Peter the Iberian, and others, and
the circumstances of a later age.
vinces, *Holland, England, the *West
he was 0
works directed against the *Neoplatonists
ZENO, St. (d. c. 375), Bp. of *Verona
Indies, and N. America.
*Nicene a
and the *Manichees.
from 362. He was an African. His sermons
Opposed alike to the unbelieving ration-
Council of
(Tractatus) have affinities with the writings
alism and the barren Protestant orthodoxy of
sentence pa
ZADOKITE DOCUMENTS. See Dead
of *Tertullian and *Cyprian; they did not
his time, Zinzendorf proclaimed a 'religion
Sicca.
Sea Scrolls
come into circulation until the early Middle
of the heart', based on an intimate fellowship
Ages.
with the Saviour. Though he hoped to realize
ZOSIMUS
ZAHN, THEODOR (1838 1933), German
his ideals within the framework of the differ-
torian. His
NT and patristic scholar. His standpoint was
ZENO (c. 450?-91), E. Emperor from 474.
ent Protestant Churches, he was forced to
extending 1.
that of sober conservatism and his work was
His reign was marked by a series of disas-
give his work a separate organization. His
secular hist
marked by erudition and thoroughness. His
trous wars, and his *Henoticon (482) did
emphasis on the place of feeling in religion
anti-Christia
long series of studies on the NT *Canon con-
nothing to bring about the desired union of
profoundly influenced 19th-cent. German
to the bette
tained much pióneer work. In the field of
the *Monophysites with the orthodox.
theology.
tical affairs
422 PSYCHOLOGY OF RELIGION
PSYCHOLOGY OF RELIGION. A
Pudentis or ecclesia Pudentiana) to the
*Westminster Abbey and from 1682 also at
and esp. by
modern field of study in which the concepts
Roman Church.
the *Chapel Royal. His most famous eccle-
behalf. The
and methods of psychology are applied to
siastical work is the Te Deum and Jubilate in
Church was
religious experience and behaviour. One of
PUDENTIANA, St. She is supposed to
D (1694). He developed the verse anthem,
*Lyons (1274
the first to investigate such possible applica-
have been an early Christian Roman virgin,
foreshadowed by W. *Byrd; much of the
view to reach.
tions of psychology was W. *James; the top-
but her cult prob. rests on the mistaken
music is elaborate and highly dramatic; the
the Latins CC
ics he studied included the experience of
notion that the 'ecclesia Pudentiana' in
words are nearly always from the OT. Even
tence of Pur
well-being or of conflict in human response
Rome, which is the church of St. *Pudens,
more extensive are his secular compositions.
prayer and !
to God, and the experiences of religious con-
presupposed a St. Pudentiana.
departed.
version and of saintliness and mysticism.
PURCHAS JUDGEMENT, The. The
The exist
The early work of S. Freud (1856-1939) on
PUFENDORF, SAMUEL (1632-94), Ger-
judgement given in 1871 by the *Judicial
by the Reforr
psycho-analysis also contributed to the psy-
man professor of natural and international
Committee of the Privy Council against the
freed from si.
chology of religion. Though his reductionist
law. Developing the system of H. *Grotius,
Rev. John Purchas that *Eucharistic Vest-
out any wor!
views of religion no longer command
he divided law into natural, civil, and moral,
ments, the *Eastward Position, the *Mixed
straight to h.
respect, his observations about the relations
and maintained that while moral law was
Chalice, and Wafer *Bread were illegal. The
reaffirmed th.
of certain religious practices and obsessional
based on revelation and civil law on the posi-
decision meant that the ritualists were hence-
and Florenc
behaviour, and his speculations about pat-
tive enactments of the State, natural law had
forth held to be law-breakers, but it was
tions. The E
terns of early personal and religious growth,
its basis in the instincts of society, and there-
widely disregarded.
the practice
laid the foundations for later work. It is,
fore ultimately in human reason.
less explicit
however, generally agreed that merely psy-
PURGATIVE WAY, The. The first stage
RC Church.
chological methods cannot fully answer
PUGIN, AUGUSTUS WELBY NORTH-
of mental prayer, acc. to the scheme com-
teaching on tl
questions about the validity of religious
MORE (1812-52), architect and *ecclesiol-
monly adopted by *ascetic theologians. The
behaviour and experience, even if they can
ogist. He was the chief initiator and inspirer
chief activity of the soul at this stage is the
PURIFICA"
account for some aspects of both in non-
of the 'Gothic Revival'. His works include
eradication of bad habits, with repentance
feast kept or
religious terms.
St. Giles', Cheadle, and St. George's (RC)
for past sins; to this end the imagination and
the BVM's I
Cathedral, *Southwark. He collaborated
intellect are called into play.
2: 21-39); it
PTOLEMAIC SYSTEM. The body of
with C. Barry on the designs for the Houses
(q.v.).
astronomical doctrines elaborated by
of Parliament.
PURGATORY. Acc. to RC teaching the
Ptolemy (2nd cent. A.D.). It explained the
place or state of temporal punishment, where
PURIFICA
apparent motions of the sun, moon, and
PULCHERIA, St. (399-453), E. Empress
those who have died in the grace of God
linen used at
planets on the assumption that the earth was
from 450. From 414 to 416 she was guardian
expiate their unforgiven *venial sins and
cleanse the *.
stationary.
of her brother, *Theodosius II. A stalwart
undergo such punishment as is still due to
supporter of orthodoxy, she induced him to
forgiven sins, before being admitted to the
PURIM. A
PUBLIC WORSHIP REGULATION
condemn *Nestorius and in the *Monophy-
*Beatific Vision. 2 Macc. 12: 39-45 is
spring. It co
ACT (1874). An Act designed to suppress
site controversy she was on the orthodox
adduced in support of the doctrine, while
the Jews fro
the growth of ritualism in the C of E. The
side. As Empress she arranged for a General
Christ's words on the sin against the Holy
Empire (473
imprisonment of four priests for contumacy
Council to meet at *Chalcedon in 451.
Spirit which will be forgiven "neither in this
*Esther.
between 1877 and 1882 discredited the Act.
world nor in that which is to come' (Mt. 12:
It was repealed by the *Ecclesiastical Juris-
PULLEN, ROBERT (d. 1146), theologian.
31 f.) seem to imply a state beyond the grave
PURITANS
diction Measure, 1963.
He was one of the earliest known masters in
where expiation is still possible. Without the
Protestants V.
the schools of *Oxford and he later taught in
conception of purgatory the practice of offer-
gious settlem
PUBLICAN. The word used in the tradi-
*Paris. He was made a cardinal in 1143-4
ing prayers for the *dead (q.v.) is held to be
further purific
tional English versions of the Bible to trans-
and C. 1144 he became papal chancellor. At
unintelligible.
posedly uns:
late the Gk. term TEACOVNS (Lat. publicanus),
Rome he used his influence against Peter
The doctrine of Purgatory was developed
They were in
a member of one of the financial organiza-
*Abelard.
systematically in the W., explicit teaching
cantile class.
tions which farmed taxes in the service of the
being evolved in order to avoid confusion of
things as c!
Roman government. In view of the abuses
PULPIT. An elevated stand of stone or
thought about the state of souls between
*surplices,
and corruptions to which the system led, the
wood for the preacher or reader. They first
death and the *General Judgement. Acc. to
and ecclesia
publicans were the object of widespread hat-
became, general in the later Middle Ages.
St. *Thomas Aquinas, the guilt (culpa) of
1570s the n
red.
Except in *cathedrals, the north side of the
venial sin is expiated immediately after death
the instituti
nave is considered the proper place for the
by an act of perfect charity and only the pun-
*James I's
PUDENS, St. A Christian of Rome, men-
pulpit. The workmanship is sometimes elab-
ishment remains to be borne; the smallest
*Millenary P.
tioned in 2 Tim. 4: 21 as sending greetings to
orate. Pulpits are also generally found in
pain in Purgatory is greater than the greatest
unsuccessfu
*Timothy. Tradition makes him St. *Peter's
monastic refectories.
upon earth, but it is relieved by the certitude
(1604). The
host at Rome. There are no sufficient
of salvation which establishes the Holy Souls
called the 'I
grounds for identifying him with the Pudens
PURCELL, HENRY (1659-95), English
in peace, despite their sufferings; and they
1642 led to
(prob. 3rd cent.) who gave his house (titulus
composer. From 1680 he was organist at
may be helped by the prayers of the faithful
byterianism.
IVIS
GREET
CHURCH
IL
TO THE WORD OF GOD
RESPONSE TO THE WORD OF GOD
Melody and most of the harmony by
C.M.
INTERCESSION: FOR TRAVELLERS AND THE ABSENT
THOMAS TALLIS, C. 1505-85
527
MELITA 8888 88
JOHN BACCHUS DYKES, 1823-76
//
//
ER, whose will is life and good
of mortal breath,
the bond of brotherhood
who fight with death.
the hands and hearts and wills
ends in lands afar,
with the body's ills,
wage thy holy war.
they heal the maimed and blind,
of Christ attend:
ETERNAL Father, strong to save,
3 o Holy Spirit, who didst brood
the good Physician's mind,
Whose arm hath bound the restless
Upon the waters dark and rude,
rove the Saviour friend.
wave,
And bid their angry tumult cease,
Who bidd'st the mighty ocean deep
And give, for wild confusion, peace:
his love works wondrous charms,
Its own appointed limits keep:
o hear us when we cry to thee
in days of old,
o hear us when we cry to thee
For those in peril on the sea.
the wounded to his arms,
For those in peril on the sea.
them to the fold.
4 o Trinity of love and power,
2 o Christ, whose voice the waters
Our brethren shield in danger's
look from heaven and bless,
heard,
hour;
thy servants be,
And hushed their raging at thy word,
From rock and tempest, fire and foe,
orks of pure unselfishness,
Who walkedst on the foaming deep,
Protect them wheresoe'er they go:
consecrate to thee!
And calm amid the storm didst
Thus evermore shall rise to thee
Hardwicke Drummond Rawnsley, 1851-1920
sleep:
Glad hymns of praise from land
o hear us when we cry to thee
and sea.
For those in peril on the sea.
William Whiting, 1825-78
754
755