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[Presidential Remarks]--Tulsa, Oklahoma 9/22/92 [OA 7580]
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[Presidential Remarks]--Tulsa, Oklahoma 9/22/92 [OA 7580]
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1
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September 21, 1992
4:00 p.m.
CIVIL
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS:
TULSA, OKLAHOMA
TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 22, 1992
Thank you and good morning everyone. I'm glad to be here in
Tulsa. I'm told The New York Times now refers to this city as the
new Peoria -- the place where you go to find out what the rest of
America is thinking. Sounds to me like Tulsa is thinking some
pretty enthusiastic thoughts these days.
May I say pay a special tribute to these high school great
bands -- the Hornets, the Warriors, the Indians and the Eagles -
- whose schools all won their football games last weekend./
Finally, let me say a word about those of you who put together
the fabulous F-15's -- the hard-working men and women of McDonnell-
Douglas. Thanks for hosting us here. And I want to say hello to
all of you who work for the great Rockwell Corporation./ /
You know, for the past few weeks, I've been traveling the
length and breadth of America, stumping for the economic ideas I
believe in -- my Agenda for American Renewal.
I want to create new markets for American products -- and new
jobs for American workers.// I want to give our kids what they
truly deserve -- the world's finest schools for a brand new
century. // And I want to use competition to reform our health care
system 11 I believe you should only feel the pain when you visit
the doctor's office, not a month later, when you get the bill in
the mail.//
My Agenda builds on the global opportunity before us. It
includes 13 specific items that I will fight to get done in the
very first year of my second term.
While I have been outlining my positive ideas for the future,
my opponent has chosen to focus his energy on the past. Month
after month, he has attacked my record, spent his time and money
and energy talking about what's wrong with America -- not to
mention what's wrong with George Bush.
I not talked much about my opponent's record, because I
believe the American people have wanted a positive discussion about
what we will do to renew America.
But with just six weeks before this election, I think it's
time we put the spotlight on your neighboring state of Arkansas.
To sharpen the differences, on the fundamental issues that divide
us. To move beyond Candidate Clinton's rhetoric, to find out what
Governor Clinton has actually done in Arkansas.
This morning in Missouri, I looked at the entire Clinton
record in detail. For the rest of the day, I'm stopping by
Oklahoma and the other states that are Arkansas neighbors. I want
to get a close look -- at what's been going on under that Little
Rock.
I want to talk about the facts -- because the facts speak
volumes. I want you to understand, the my argument isn't with the
people of Arkansas, but with their leader.
You see, the other side says they are very eager to debate.
And we have a debate for them. One the one side is Candidate
Clinton -- a promising young man -- who seems to be willing to
promise anything to get elected. On the other side is Governor
Clinton -- whose record in Arkansas is a series of broken promises.
On each stop on my trip today, I'm focussing on one issue of
importance to the people of Oklahoma -- and indeed all Americans.
Here in Oklahoma, I'd like to talk about the great struggle for
civil rights -- of equality for all people -- the American dream.
Candidate Clinton and his running mate recently published a
paperback book -- a catalogue of complaints about America. And
it's full of grand promises about the future.
Way back on page 175, there's a chapter called "The Clinton-
Gore Record. " Eleven single-spaced pages -- everything flattering
they could possibly think to say about themselves. And not one
word about civil rights. Not one word. Even though Governor
Clinton says -- and I quote directly -- everybody knows that I
have the best civil rights record.'
Well, lets see if the facts match Governor Clinton's "modest"
assessment of himself.
Some of you may know that in 1968 -- when I was a Congressman
from Texas -- I supported the Fair Housing Act. It wasn't popular
with some of my constituents at the time. Times have changed, of
course, and nowadays 41 states have laws banning housing
discrimination. Forty-one states -- including Oklahoma. But
Arkansas isn't one of them -- even though my opponent has been
governor for 12 years.
Forty-six states, including Oklahoma, have human relations
agencies that safeguard their citizens against discrimination. But
not Arkansas.
Forty-eight states have basic civil rights laws that ban
discrimination and guarantee equal opportunity -- and Oklahoma
included is proud to be one of them. But not Arkansas. That's
right. Arkansas is one of only two states without a civil rights
statute.
Candidate Clinton likes to criticize my 1990 veto of the
Democratic Congress's quota bill. I did veto that bill -- and I'll
veto any other quota bill the Democrats cook up. But I believe you
can before against quotas, and still take a stand for civil rights.
So last year, after tough negotiations with Congress, I did
sign a major Civil Rights Bill -- I did it without resorting to
quotas.
Even though Governor Clinton's party enjoys overwhelming
control of the Arkansas legislature, he still hasn't brought a
civil rights bill to the people of Arkansas.
So when you hear the Candidate Clinton's rhetoric about civil
rights, remember Governor Clinton's record.
Believe me: I'll be happy to put my civil rights record next
to Bill Clinton's any day of the week.
About 20 miles from here, is the home of the great Will
Rogers, the man who said the he wasn't a comic, he just watched the
government, and reported the facts.
Well, I'm not sure if even Will Roger's would get a chuckle
out of Governor Clinton's record.
Governor Clinton talks a good game, but his actions betray his
words. On economic fairness, on crime, on policies for children,
on environmental protection, on health care, on civil rights --
Candidate Clinton says one thing -- but has been doing another.
The record of Governor Clinton proves that it doesn't matter
what Candidate Clinton says. Because he won't deliver.
So whether it's Candidate Clinton or Governor Clinton -- the
message is the same: Bill Clinton is wrong for America.
I say we can do better. I say America deserves better.
Yes, we face challenges, yes we have problems, but my Agenda
will confront our challenges, and renew America.
My agenda is right for America. The ideas, the principles,
the values, we need to bring this country together, and renew our
great nation.
So that we can match the peace we have achieved around the
world, with peace of mind here at home.
Thanks for the warm Oklahoma welcome. God Bless the United
States of America.
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
21-SEP-1992 04:37PM
TO:
JENNIFER A. GROSSMAN
FROM:
GARY J. GERSHOWITZ
OFFICE OF COMMUNICATIONS
SUBJECT: BACKGROUND, LOCAL COLOR: TULSA
HISTORY:
FRENCH TRADERS AND PLAINS-CULTURE OSAGE TRIBESMAN OCCUPIED THE
REGION NOW SURROUNDING TULSA WHEN THE UNITED STATES BOUGHT THE
LAND FROM FRANCE AS PART OF 1803's LOUISIANA PURCHASE.
THE NAME TULSA BECAME OFFICIAL FOR THE SETTLEMENT IN 1879 WITH THE
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE POST OFFICE (ON THE PONY EXPRESS MAIL ROUTE)
WHICH ALSO MARKED THE BEGINNING OF TULSA AS AN ECONOMIC FORCE IN
THE AREA.
IN 1901 OIL RESERVES WERE DISCOVERED IN RED FORK, ACROSS THE
ARKANSAS RIVER FROM TULSA. ENTERPRISING TULSANS BUILT A TOLL
BRIDGE TO CONNECT THEIR CITY WITH THE OIL COUNTRY, AND OILMAN
CROSSED THE RIVER TO MAKE TULSA THEIR HOME.
TULSA'S NICKNAME: "OIL CAPITAL OF THE WORLD"
TULSA STILL RELIES ECONOMICALLY ON OIL, BUT ENJOYS A DIVERSIFIED
ECONOMIC COMMUNITY IN WHICH VIRTUALLY EVERY TRADE AND BUSINESS IS
REPRESENTED.
FAMOUS PERSON FROM OKLAHOMA:
WILL ROGERS. HE WAS BORN IN OOLOGAH, ABOUT 20 OR 30 MILES FROM
TULSA. A PRESIDENTIALESQUE STORY ROGERS USED To TELL:
THE HOUSE HE WAS BORN IN WAS BUILT OF LOGS WITH FRAME
ADDITIONS -- "JUST BEFORE MY BIRTH MY MOTHER, BEING IN ONE OF
THESE FRAME ROOMS, HAD THEM REMOVE HER INTO THE LOG PART OF THE
HOUSE -- SHE WANTED ME To BE BORN IN A LOG HOUSE. SHE HAD JUST
READ THE LIFE OF LINCOLN - -- so I GOT THE LOG-HOUSE END OF IT OKAY;
ALL I NEED NOW IS THE OTHER QUALIFICATIONS."
RECREATION:
ONE OF THE LARGER PARKS IN TULSA IS MOHAWK PARK -- -- IT HAS TWO
LARGE LAKES, A GOLF COURSE AND A zoo. ANOTHER IS WOODWARD PARK,
WHICH IS NOTED ESPECIALLY FOR ITS ROSE GARDENS
FOUR HIGH SCHOOL BANDS WILL BE AT THE RALLY: THE FOLLOWING SCORES
ARE FROM THE LATEST FOOTBALL GAMES PLAYED.
1) BOOKER T. WASHINGTON -- TEAM NAME -- "HORNETS" -- MASCOT --
HORNET. WON LAST GAME AGAINST OKLAHOMA CITY DOUGLAS -- 21 TO 14
2) DANIAL WEBSTER HIGH -- TEAM NAME -- "WARRIORS" -- MASCOT --
WARRIOR -- BEAT MANNFORD HIGH 38 TO 0
3) UNION HIGH -- TEAM NAME -- "INDIANS" -- MASCOT -- INDIAN --
BEAT PONCA CITY 28 TO 0
4) EDISON HIGH -- TEAM -- "EAGLES" -- MASCOT -- EDDIE EAGLE --
BEAT MEMORIAL HIGH 14 TO 7
UNIVERSITY OF TULSA ARE KNOWN AS THE "GOLDEN HURRICANES" THEIR
MASCOT IS THE "LITTLE HURRICANE"
MOST RECENT LARGE INDIAN POWWOW IN TULSA:
INDIAN Powwow -- SPONSORED BY ENTER TRIBAL INDIAN CLUB OF TULSA --
HELD JULY 31 THRU AUGUST 2ND -- APPROX. 11,000 IN ATTENDANCE FROM
35 DIFFERENT TRIBES -- 400 DANCERS PARTICIPATED FROM VARIOUS
TRIBES ACROSS THE COUNTRY.
ON SEPTEMBER 12 DOWNTOWN TULSA UNLIMITED SPONSORED THEIR ANNUAL
"CHILI COOKOFF" -- TULSA COUNTY REPUBLICANS AND TULSA COUNTY
DEMOCRATS ENTERED THE AMATURE DIVISION -- THE REPUBLICANS WERE IN
THE "ELEPHANT EXPRESS BOOTH" -- BOTH PARTIES WENT NECK 'N NECK TO
DETERMINE WHO HAD THE BEST CHILI, BUT THE BEST CHEF (PARTY
UNKNOWN) FROM THE AMATURE DIVISION WON.
LOCAL SPORTS TEAM
TEXAS DRILLERS -- AA AFFILIATE OF TEXAS RANGERS -- PLAY AT
DRILLERS STADIUM -- ONE SECOND HALF OF THEIR DIVISION IN THE
PLAY-OFFS, BUT THEY LOST THE FINAL GAME -- ONE OF THEIR BETTER
YEARS, HAD RECORD ATTENDANCE.
TULSA OILERS -- HOCKEY TEAM -- BACK IN TULSA AFTER 8 YEARS --
OPENING GAME WILL PLAYED AGAINST MEMPHIS ON NOVEMBER 6 AT MAXWELL
CONVENTION CENTER 30 HOME GAMES BETWEEN NOVEMBER & MARCH.
IMPORTANT: LOTS OF HOCKEY FANS IN TULSA -- THEY EAGERLY AWAIT THE
RETURN OF THE OILERS AFTER 8 YEARS.
September 21, 1992
6:30 pm
RECORD
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS:
EVENT TBD
TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 22, 1992
SPRINGFIELD, MISSOURI
(Acknowledgments, intro, etc.)
Two weeks ago in Detroit, I presented to the American people
my Agenda for American Renewal -- a clear-eyed look at what's wrong
with our country, and what's right. I offered a comprehensive,
integrated approach to win the new global economic competition.
So that by early in the next century, the world's first $10
trillion economy will be found right here, in the United States.
11
Last week, I discussed in detail how my vision of our future
differs from that of my opponent. The differences couldn't be
deeper -- the stakes couldn't be higher.
Basically, it comes down to this: My opponent believes
government planners can manage the economy better than the workers
and entrepreneurs who actually make it grow.
I respect government, but I don't put my faith in it. I put
my faith in the tax-paying, hard-working men and women of
America. //
Candidate Clinton wants to raise taxes that will kill jobs.
I want to cut taxes to help Americans create jobs.
Candidate Clinton wants to increase federal spending by at
least $220 billion.
And I want to cut it
...
by that much and
more.
Our differences will become clearer as we head towards
2
election day. And then you will make a choice.
The American people are interviewing two men for the same job.
Governor Clinton says: Hire me.
Now, you know me. My record is on the table. You know its
shortcomings -- and its strengths. And in my Agenda I've told you
what I intend to do to build on that record.
So today let's look at my opponent's record -- the Arkansas
record.
I hear Candidate Clinton is up in Michigan today -- talking
about debates. But before the Candidate debates the President,
maybe Governor Clinton should debate Candidate Clinton. You see -
- we've all heard what Candidate Clinton says he can do for
America. But that's very different from what Governor Clinton has
done to Arkansas.
Now, I want to be fair. So I'm going to stick to the facts.
Just the facts -- because the facts speak for themselves. And I'll
stick to issues on which Bill Clinton says he's been a leader.
And I'm going to start with civil rights.
Candidate Clinton and his running mate recently published a
paperback book -- a catalogue of complaints about America. And
it's full of grand promises about the future they're planning for
themselves in the White House.
Way back on page 175, there's a chapter called "The Clinton-
Gore Record." Eleven single-spaced pages -- everything nice they
could possibly think to say about themselves. And not one word
about civil rights. Not one -- even though Governor Clinton brags
3
that his civil rights record is -- and I quote -- "the best."
Some of you may know that in 1968 -- when I was a Congressman
from Texas -- I supported the Fair Housing Act. It wasn't popular
with some of my constituents. Times have changed, of course, and
nowadays 41 states have laws banning housing discrimination.
Forty-one states. But Arkansas isn't one of them -- even though
my opponent has been governor for 12 years.
52 tors
Chap.21 ANIII
contelh
Forty-six states have human relations agencies that safeguard
General provisions
Definitions
their citizens against discrimination. But not Arkansas.
P3 Forty-eight states have basic civil rights laws that ban
discrimination and guarantee equal opportunity. But not Arkansas,
employment
Arkansas is one of only two states without a civil rights statute.
Candidate Clinton likes to talk about my 1990 veto of the
Democratic Congress's quota bill. I did veto that bill -- and I'll
veto any other quota bill the Democrats cook up. But being against
quotas and being for civil rights is not a contradiction.
So last year, after tough negotiations with Congress, I did
sign a major Civil Rights Bill -- without resorting to quotas.
Even though his party enjoys overwhelming control of the Arkansas
legislature, Governor Clinton still hasn't brought a civil rights
bill to the people of Arkansas.
So when you hear the Candidate Clinton's rhetoric about civil
rights, remember Governor Clinton's record.
Believe me: I'll be happy to put my civil rights record next
to his any day of the week.
Now consider another issue: economic fairness. Candidate
PAGE
2
4TH DOCUMENT of Level 1 printed in FULL format.
OKLAHOMA STATUTES
THIS DOCUMENT IS CURRENT THROUGH THE 1992 SUPPLEMENT (1991 1ST. REG. SESSION)
TITLE 25. DEFINITIONS AND GENERAL PROVISIONS
CHAPTER 21. DISCRIMINATION
ARTICLE 3. DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT
25 OK1. St. §. 1302 (1991)
§ 1302. Employers
A. It is a discriminatory practice for an employer:
1. To fail or refuse to hire, to discharge, or otherwise to discriminate
against an individual with respect to compensation or the terms, conditions,
privileges or responsibilities of employment, because of race, color, religion,
sex, national origin, age, or handicap unless such action is related to a bona
fide occupational qualification reasonably necessary to the normal operation of
the employer's business or enterprise; or
2. To limit, segregate, or classify an employee in a way which would deprive
or tend to deprive an individual of employment opportunities or otherwise
adversely affect the status of an employee, because of race, color, religion,
sex, national origin, age, or handicap unless such action is related to a bona
fide occupational qualification reasonably necessary to the normal operation of
the employer's business or enterprise.
B. This section does not apply to the employment of an individual by his
parents, spouse, or child or to employment in the domestic service of the
employer.
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DATE: SEPTEMBER 21, 1992
CLIENT: GARY
LIBRARY: STATES
FILE: ALLCDE
YOUR SEARCH REQUEST IS:
25 OKLAHOMA STATUTES AND ARTICLE 4A
NUMBER OF DOCUMENTS FOUND WITH YOUR REQUEST THROUGH:
LEVEL 1
1
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1ST DOCUMENT of Level 1 printed in FULL format.
OKLAHOMA STATUTES
THIS DOCUMENT IS CURRENT THROUGH THE 1992 SUPPLEMENT (1991 1ST. REG. SESSION) *
TITLE 25. DEFINITIONS AND GENERAL PROVISIONS
CHAPTER 21. DISCRIMINATION
ARTICLE 4A. DISCRIMINATION IN HOUSING
25 Okl. St. $ 1452 (1991)
NOTICE: FIRST OF TWO VERSIONS OF THIS SECTION;
This section is effective until superceded by the Department of Housing and
Urban Development.
5 1452. Discriminatory housing practices
A. It shall be an unlawful discriminatory housing practice, because of race,
color, religion, sex, national origin, age, or handicap, for any person, or any
agent or employee of such person:
1. To refuse to sell or rent after the making of a bona fide offer, or to
refuse to negotiate for the sale or rental of any housing, or otherwise make
unavailable or deny any housing;
2. To discriminate against any person in the terms, conditions, or privileges
of sale or rental of housing, or in the provision of services or facilities in
connection with any housing;
3. To make, print, publish, or cause to be made, printed, or published any
notice, statement, or advertisement, with respect to the sale or rental of
housing that indicates any preference, limitation, discrimination, or intention
to make any such preference, limitation, or discrimination;
4. To represent to any person, for reasons of discrimination, that any
housing is not available for inspection, sale, or rental when such housing is in
fact so available;
5. To deny any person access, membership, or participation in any multiple
listing service, real estate broker's organization, or other service,
organization, or facility relating to the business of selling or renting
housing, or to discriminate in the terms or conditions of such access,
membership, or participation;
6. To include in any transfer, sale, rental, or lease of housing any
restrictive covenant that discriminates, or for any person to honor or exercise,
or attempt to honor or exercise, any discriminatory covenant pertaining to
housing;
7. To refuse to consider the income of both applicants when both applicants
seek to buy or lease housing;
8. To refuse to consider as a valid source of income any public assistance,
alimony, or child support, awarded by a court, when that source can be verified
as to its amount, length of time received, regularity, or receipt;
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25 Okl. St. § 1452 (1991)
9. To discriminate against a person in the terms, conditions, or privileges
relating to the obtaining or use of financial assistance for the acquisition,
construction, rehabilitation, repair, or maintenance of any housing;
10. To discharge, demote, or discriminate in matters of compensation or
working conditions against any employee or agent because of the obedience of
said employee or agent to the provisions of this section;
11. To solicit or attempt to solicit the listing of housing for sale or
lease, by door to door solicitation, in person, or by telephone, or by
distribution of circulars, if one of the purposes is to change the racial
composition of the neighborhood;
12. To knowingly induce or attempt to induce another person to transfer an
interest in real property, or to discourage another person from purchasing real
property, by representations regarding the existing or potential proximity of
real property owned, used, or occupied by persons of any particular race, color,
religion, sex, national origin, age, or handicap, or to represent that such
existing or potential proximity shall or may result in:
a. the lowering of property values,
b. a change in the racial, religious, or ethnic character of the
block, neighborhood, or area in which the property is located,
C. an increase in criminal or antisocial behavior in the area, or
d. a decline in quality of the schools serving the area;
13. To refuse to rent or lease housing to a blind, deaf, or handicapped
person on the basis of the person's use or possession of a bona fide, properly
trained guide, signal, or service dog; or
14. To demand the payment of an additional nonrefundable fee or an
unreasonable deposit for rent from a blind, deaf, or handicapped person for such
dog. Such blind, deaf, or handicapped person may be liable for any damage done
to the dwelling by such dog.
B. No other categories or classes of persons are protected under this act.
The Human Rights Commission shall have no authority or jurisdiction to act on
complaints based on any kind of discrimination other than those kinds prohibited
herein.
NOTICE: SECOND OF TWO VERSIONS OF THIS SECTION;
This section becomes effective upon certification by the Department of Housing
and Urban Development.
§ 1452. Discriminatory housing practices--Categories or classes of persons
protected--Jurisdiction of Human Rights Commission
A. It shall be an unlawful discriminatory housing practice for any person, or
any agent or employee of such person:
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25 Okl. St. § 1452 (1991)
1. To refuse to sell or rent after the making of a bona fide offer, or to
refuse to negotiate for the sale or rental of any housing, or otherwise make
unavailable or deny any housing because of race, color, religion, gender,
national origin, age, familial status, or handicap;
2. To discriminate against any person in the terms, conditions, or privileges
of sale or rental of housing, or in the provision of services or facilities in
connection with any housing because of race, color, religion, gender, national
origin, age, familial status, or handicap;
3. To make, print, publish, or cause to be made, printed, or published any
notice, statement, or advertisement, with respect to the sale or rental of
housing that indicates any preference, limitation, discrimination, or intention
to make any such preference, limitation, or discrimination because of race,
color, religion, gender, national origin, age, familial status, or handicap;
4. To represent to any person, for reasons of discrimination, that any
housing is not available for inspection, sale, or rental when such housing is in
fact SQ available because of race, color, religion, gender, national origin,
age, familial status, or handicap;
5. To deny any person access to, or membership or participation in, a
multiple-listing service, real estate brokers' organization or other service,
organization, or facility relating to the business of selling or renting
dwellings, or discriminate against a person in the terms or conditions of
access, membership, or participation in such an organization, service, or
facility because of race, color, religion, gender, national origin, age,
familial status, or handicap;
6. To include in any transfer, sale, rental, or lease of housing any
restrictive covenant that discriminates, or for any person to honor or exercise,
or attempt to honor or exercise, any discriminatory covenant pertaining to
housing because of race, color, religion, gender, national origin, age, familial
status, or handicap;
7. To refuse to consider the income of both applicants when both applicants
seek to buy or lease housing because of race, color, religion, gender, national
origin, age, familial status, or handicap;
8. To refuse to consider as a valid source of income any public assistance,
alimony, or child support, awarded by a court, when that source can be verified
as to its amount, length of time received, regularity, or receipt because of
race, color, religion, gender, national origin, age, familial status, or
handicap;
9. To discriminate against a person in the terms, conditions, or privileges
relating to the obtaining or use of financial assistance for the acquisition,
construction, rehabilitation, repair, or maintenance of any housing because of
race, color, religion, gender, national origin, age, familial status, or
handicap;
10. To discharge, demote, or discriminate in matters of compensation or
working conditions against any employee or agent because of the obedience of
said employee or agent to the provisions of this section;
TM
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25 OK1. St. $ 1452 (1991)
11. To solicit or attempt to solicit the listing of housing for sale or
lease, by door to door solicitation, in person, or by telephone, or by
distribution of circulars, if one of the purposes is to change the racial
composition of the neighborhood;
12. To knowingly induce or attempt to induce another person to transfer an
interest in real property, or to discourage another person from purchasing real
property, by representations regarding the existing or potential proximity of
real property owned, used, or occupied by persons of any particular race, color,
religion, gender, national origin, age, familial status or handicap, or to
represent that such existing or potential proximity shall or may result in:
a. the lowering of property values,
b. a change in the racial, religious, or ethnic character of the
block, neighborhood, or area in which the property is located,
C. an increase in criminal or antisocial behavior in the area, or
d. a decline in quality of the schools serving the area;
13. To refuse to rent or lease housing to a blind, deaf, or handicapped
person on the basis of the person's use or possession of a bona fide, properly
trained guide, signal, or service dog;
14. To demand the payment of an additional nonrefundable fee or an
unreasonable deposit for rent from a blind, deaf, or handicapped person for such
dog. Such blind, deaf, or handicapped person may be liable for any damage done
to the dwelling by such dog;
15. a. To discriminate in the sale or rental or otherwise make available
or deny a dwelling to any buyer or renter because of a handicap of:
(1) that buyer or renter,
(2) a person residing in or intending to reside in that dwelling
after it is sold, rented, or made available, or
(3) any person associated with that buyer or renter,
b. To discriminate against any person in the terms, conditions, or
privileges of sale or rental of a dwelling or in the provision of
services or facilities in connection with the dwelling because of a
handicap of:
(1) that person,
(2) a person residing in or intending to reside in that dwelling
after it is 50 sold, rented, or made available, or
(3) any person associated with that person;
16. For purposes of handicap discrimination in housing pursuant to this act,
discrimination includes:
a. a refusal to permit, at the expense of the handicapped person,
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25 Okl. St. $ 1452 (1991)
reasonable modifications of existing premises occupied or to be
occupied by the person if the modifications may be necessary to
afford the person full enjoyment of the premises, provided that
such person also provides a surety bond guaranteeing restoration of
the premises to their prior condition, if necessary to make the
premises suitable for nonhandicapped tenants,
b. a refusal to make reasonable accommodations in rules, policies,
practices, or services, when the accommodations may be necessary to
afford the person equal opportunity to use and enjoy a dwelling, or
C. in connection with the design and construction of covered
multifamily dwellings for first occupancy thirty (30) months after
the date of enactment of the federal Fair Housing Amendments Act of
1988 (Public Law 100-430), a failure to design and construct those
dwellings in a manner that:
(1) the public use and common use portions of the dwellings are
readily accessible to and usable by handicapped persons,
(2) all the doors designed to allow passage into and within all
premises within the dwellings are sufficiently wide to allow
passage by handicapped persons in wheelchairs, and
(3) all premises within the dwellings contain the following
features of adaptive design:
(a) an accessible route into and through the dwelling,
(b) light switches, electrical outlets, thermostats, and other
environmental controls in accessible locations,
(c) reinforcements in bathroom walls to allow later
installation of grab bars, and
(d) usable kitchen and bathrooms so that an individual in a
wheelchair can maneuver about the space,
(4) compliance with the appropriate requirements of the American
National Standard for buildings and facilities providing
accessibility and usability for physically handicapped people,
commonly cited as "ANSI A 117.1", suffices to satisfy the
requirements of subdivision (3) of subparagraph C of this
paragraph,
(5) as used in this subsection, the term "covered multifamily
dwellings" means:
(a) buildings consisting of four or more units if the buildings
have one or more elevators, and
(b) ground floor units in other buildings consisting of four or
more units,
(6) nothing in this subsection requires that a dwelling be made
TM
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9
25 Okl. St. § 1452 (1991)
available to an individual whose tenancy would constitute a
direct threat to the health or safety of other individuals or
whose tenancy would result in substantial physical damage to the
property of others;
17. a. A person whose business includes engaging in residential real
estate related transactions may not discriminate against a person in
making a real estate related transaction available or in the terms or
conditions of a real estate related transaction because of race, color,
religion, gender, handicap, familial status, national origin or age,
b. In this section, "residential real estate related transaction"
means:
(1) making or purchasing loans or providing other financial
assistance:
(a) to purchase, construct, improve, repair, or maintain a
dwelling, or
(b) to secure residential real estate, or
(2) selling, brokering, or appraising residential real property;
18. This section does not prohibit discrimination against a person because
the person has been convicted under federal law or the law of any state of the
illegal manufacture or distribution of a controlled substance.
B. No other categories or classes of persons are protected pursuant to this
act. The Human Rights Commission shall have no authority or jurisdiction to act
on complaints based on any kind of discrimination other than those kinds of
discrimination prohibited pursuant to Sections 1101 et seq. of Title 25 of the
Oklahoma Statutes or any other specifically authorized by law.
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DATE: SEPTEMBER 21, 1992
CLIENT: GARY
LIBRARY: STATES
FILE: ALLCDE
YOUR SEARCH REQUEST IS:
OKLAHOMA HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION
NUMBER OF DOCUMENTS FOUND WITH YOUR REQUEST THROUGH:
LEVEL 1
16
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5TH DOCUMENT of Level 1 printed in FULL format.
OKLAHOMA STATUTES
*THIS DOCUMENT IS CURRENT THROUGH THE 1992 SUPPLEMENT (1991 1ST. REG. SESSION) *
TITLE 74. STATE GOVERNMENT
CHAPTER 30. OKLAHOMA HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION
74 Okl. St. § 952 (1991)
§ 952. Human Rights Commission
There is hereby created the Oklahoma Human Rights Commission. Said
Commission shall consist of nine (9) members appointed by the Governor by and
with the advice and consent of the Senate. Initially, three of such members
shall be appointed for a term of one (1) year, three for terms of two (2) years,
and three for terms of three (3) years, and until their successors are appointed
and confirmed. Thereafter all appointments to the Commission shall be for terms
of three (3) years and until their successors are appointed and confirmed.
In making such appointments to said Commission, consideration shall be given
to making the membership broadly representative of the geographic areas of the
state, the two major political parties in the state, and the several racial,
religious, and ethnic groups residing in the state.
The Office of Public Affairs shall provide a suitable office for said
Commission for which the Commission shall pay an appropriate rental charge.
The Commission shall meet regularly at least once per month and at such other
times as may be set by the Chairman. Members of the Commission shall receive no
salary, but shall be entitled to travel reimbursement as provided by the State
Travel Reimbursement Act.
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SEP-21-1992 14:58 FROM
TO
12024566218
P.01
202
456
6270
OFFICE OF
PRESIDENTIAL ADVANCE
COVER PAGE
TO: Gary Geroitowitz
FROM: white House PRESS AdVANCE
TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES: 3
(including cover page)
DATE: September 21,1992
TIME:
MESSAGE:
MediA Advisory FOR
The PRESIDENT'S Visit to
Tulsa, Oklahoma
IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS OR PROBLEMS WITH THE TRANSMISSION PLEASE CALL.
TELEPHONE NUMBER: 918-832-7928
SEP-21-1992 14:59 FROM
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12024566218
P.02
University of Talsa
name: Golden Hurricanes
Mascot: Little Surricane
Saturday Game with Kansas Jay Hawk's
Last 35 to7
High School Bands.
Brooker T. Washington High School
Team name: Washington Harnets
mascat: Harnet
Gameplayed: Friday OklahomaCety Wouglas
Score 21 to 14 won
Daniel Welester High
Warriars mascate Warriar
same Mannfardhigh
38to Q won-
Union High School
Indians (Name)
Indians (Mascot)
Poncalety 28 to won.
Edison High S chool
Team Eagles
Mascot E ddie Eagle
Game: Memorial- 14 to 7 won
high School
SEP-21-1992 14:59 FROM
TO
12024566218 P.03
Brooker T. Washington High School: - Don Barneon.
Ream Name. Washington Harneto
Maseot: Harnet
Game Played: Oklahoma City Douglan-
21 t014- - won-
Colars: Black + Drange.
Edison
Team - Warriars
Daniel Welester High
mascot - Warrior Blue whe Royal
Game played- Thurs mannfard
38 to X won-
SEP-21-1992 14:59 FROM
TO
12024566218
P.04
Internation ial Datro Ever 4yrs
Tulsa Drillers - Texas Rangers
AA officiate
april to Sept - of Divesion
15+ yale(st) Driffess Stadrium
Linished 2nd half wone
Devision Play off - Better attendance years Record -
Lost next stepiep- -
Hockey-
abt.
Tulsa Oilers - Back in telsa ofter 8 yrs
Starting 30 nov 6 then march
home games - First-Memphis
mapwell
Convention Center - Downtown- -
1st Game w/ Memphis
are
International Finals Radeo
Lost to ok City - Helden Jan.
on A& OK Square
or Johnnie Lee
Willis
SEP-21-1992 15:00 FROM
TO
12024566218
P.05
chili Cook Off- - Date 12 that Sept
Tulsa Co Republicano Elephant Express Booth
entered chili Contest - Democrates
entered "Bushwacked chili - Both
lost - Proffessionals won -
(From local restaurant)
Th- Plans in Russia discussed
with you are - not finalyid- -
Dont rese-
Park's
-
mohawk park - information you
One of the largest parks is
have is o.k. Other Parks - Reverside
etc may actually be larger- -
VOLUME 27
Trance to Venial Sin
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA
AMERICANA
INTERNATIONAL EDITION
COMPLETE IN THIRTY VOLUMES
FIRST PUBLISHED IN 1829
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TRANCE, trăns, a S
companied by a st.
tive environment
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other agencies. Ti
ing, certain straine
found concentrati
which he become
fort and experient
or intellectual adv
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Swedenborg and
have undergone si
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mundane level, a
1964, 1963, 1962, 1961, 1960, 1959, 1958, 1957,
often been induce
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trolled breathing, 1
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results.
The term "tran
to describe the re
striven for by medi
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TRANI, tränë, city.
in Apulia, a port 0
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A type of limeston
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be reproduced or transmitted in any form by
sculptured bronze
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cluding photocopying, recording, or by any in-
dates from the 3d or
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known as Turerum
lisher. express written prior permission from the pub-
under the Byzantin
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Ordinamenta maris
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Main entry under title:
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212
TULLAHOMA-TULSA
In 1709, Tull acquired a farm of his own
TULSA, tul'sa, a city in northeastern Oklahoma.
near Hungerford, which he called Prosperous
is one of the major centers of the U.S. petroleum
Farm. Again for reasons of health he undertook
industry and is often referred to as the oil capital
an extended tour of France and Italy (1711-1714),
of the world. But, important as it is, petroleum
making a study of farm practices there. He par-
is not the only large industry in Tulsa. The city
ticularly studied the vineyards of Languedoc,
has a diverse and well-balanced economy. It is
where the ground between the rows of vines was
an important manufacturing center, an inland
kept pulverized by cultivation. At Prosperous
port, and the center of educational, cultural, and
Farm he introduced a similar system of cultivation
recreational activities. Tulsa is the seat of Tulsa
between rows of drill-planted crops, using a horse-
county. The city is situated on the Arkansas River
drawn hoe, or cultivator, of his own invention.
about 120 miles (190 km) northeast of Oklahoma
Tull held that regular cultivation allowed the
City.
vacant land between rows to lie fallow, and thus
Economy. There are some 1,000 firms in the
metropolitan area of Tulsa that are either a part
Telso Okla., has been r
eliminated or greatly reduced the need to let
whole fields lie fallow as often as every other
of or affiliated with the petroleum industry. These
Oil Capital of the
year. Furthermore, the cultivation kept down
include oil companies of all sizes, pipeline com-
to level plains surrour
weeds and kept the soil aerated and open to
panies, drilling contractors, refineries, and firms
city contain large oil f.
absorb moisture. Tull's system of drill planting
that manufacture products or offer services that
many companies have
and frequent cultivation enabled him to grow
are needed by the oil companies. Fabricated
offices in the city.
wheat on the same field for several years in a
metals and aviation and aeronautics are the next
row, producing larger yields than did neighboring
most important industries in Tulsa. There are also
farmers while at the same time using only one
numerous data-processing facilities and finance
third as much seed.
and real estate companies. Among the hundreds
In 1731, Tull published an account of his
of products manufactured are industrial machin-
views and experiments in The New Horse-
ery, scientific instruments, household goods, taxi-
houghing Husbandry or an Essay on the Prin-
meters, glass, structural steel, and processed
ciples of Tillage and Vegetation. Although farmers
foods.
were slow to adopt Tull's theories, by the end of
Barge shipping is also important. Tulsa's port
the 18th century his practices of economy in
is at Catoosa, a small suburban town just east of
clty's parks, Mohawk
seeding by use of drills and of clean farming by
the city, on the Arkansas-Verdigris Waterway
likes, a golf course, a
frequent cultivation had been widely adopted in
The waterway, which was opened in 1971, per-
mits navigation to the Mississippi River, thus
palifacility, Woodwar
Britain and on the Continent. He died at Pros-
providing a shipping route from Tulsa to the
for its gardens.
perous Farm on Feb. 21, 1741.
Places and Events o!
Great Lakes or to the Gulf of Mexico. The Tulsa
with an impressi
TULLAHOMA, tul->-hõ'ma, a city in south central
International Airport handles all major flights to
Call skyscrapers. Gov
Tennessee, in Coffee and Franklin counties, is
and from the area, and Riverside Airport handles
Civic Center in do
about 70 miles (113 km) southeast of Nashville.
charter and private flights. Four trunk-line rail-
City's churches are
Aircraft parts, clothing, sporting goods, neon
roads connect the city with the markets of the
Sterest. The Boston
signs, and processed foods are produced here.
Midwest, and a number of short-line and off-line
combines traditional
Of major economic importance to the city is the
railroads, some 50 truck lines, and seven inter-
that of a skyscraper.
nearby Arnold Engineering Development Center,
state bus lines also operate in the city.
tower bas-relief figur
where the U.S. Air Force maintains laboratories
Education, Culture, and Recreation, The Univer
mosaics. The first
and a wind tunnel for testing jet aircraft and
sity of Tulsa, a private institution affiliated with
1905 is a fine exa
guided missiles.
the United Presbyterian Church of the U.S.A.
Tudor Gothic style.
Tullahoma was formerly a large Cherokee In-
offers programs in various fields leading to asso-
The Tulsa State
dian camp. The present city grew from a labor
ciate, bachelor, and graduate degrees. Oral
Levery autumn. Other
camp set up in 1850 to build a railroad between
Roberts University, a private nonsectarian liberal
Northeast Oklahoma
Nashville and Chattanooga: It was incorporated
arts college, is also situated in Tulsa. Tulse
Johnny Lee Wills
in 1852. Tullahoma was captured by Union forces
Junior College is the largest junior college in
the Tulsa Charity He
in 1863 during the Civil War. The city is gov-
the state.
and the Tulsa India:
erned by a mayor and aldermen. Population:
The Philbrook Art Center, an estate given to
The International
I
15,800.
the city in 1938 by the oil entrepreneur Waitr
every four years, at!
Phillips, has exhibits of European and American
they world.
TULLE, tool, also known as silk net or rayon net,
art, including notable Italian Renaissance paint-
Wistory. Tulsa tal
is a stiff, sheer silk or rayon fabric made with a
ings, and Indian arts and crafts. The Gilcreas
Cr.,Talasi, branch 0
hexagonal mesh. Tulle is used in veils, dress
Institute of American History and Art-foundec
Settled here about ]
goods, ballet costumes, and overdraping. Although
by oilman Thomas Gilcrease, who was of Creel
ported by the fede
it is cool and holds shapes very well, it is delicate
Indian descent-has an outstanding collection The
someland in the Sou
and difficult to launder. Tulle takes its name from
frontier and Indian art and of
Rebecca and Gershon Fenster Callery of Jewish
ony express mail ro
the town of Tulle, France, where a fine silk net
1879 In 1882 the /
formerly was made.
Art is also of interest. The Tulsa Garden Center
stablished a termina
contains a library, conservatory, and arboretum:
The nearby Tulsa Rose Gardens have been highh
was called, became
TULLUS HOSTILIUS, tul'es hos-til'ē->s, is tradi-
tionally regarded as the third king of Rome (673-
acclaimed.
Chicago. But when
sestined for the st
642 B. c.), the successor of Numa Pompilius.
Civic Ballet provide the city with music and
The Tulsa Opera, Philharmonic Orchestra,
shifted to Sapulpa in
According to legend, it was during his reign that
Rome conquered Alba Longa in a contest between
dance, and the Little Theater, one of the larged
somic base and lang
In 1901 an oil
three Roman brothers, the Horatii, and three
Alban brothers, the Curiatii. He also waged suc-
in the nation, presents plays on include thessions
across the
level. Other performing groups Tuke
Tulsa
cessful wars against Fidenae and Veii. One tradi-
Youth Symphony and the University of
town W
tion has it that he was killed by lightning
Symphony Orchestra.
There are facilities for every type of rer
state to be tappe
because of his pride. According to another tradi-
tion, he was assassinated by his successor, Ancus
reation in Tulsa's extensive park system, rang the
Coded business Fork
Marcius.
ing from hunting to golf. The largest of
to the G
Tulsa, Okla., has been nicknamed
the "Oil Capital of the World."
The level plains surrounding the
city contain large oil fields, and
many companies have corporate
offices in the city.
TULSA CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
city's parks, Mohawk Park, includes two large
in 1904. When Oklahoma became a state in
lakes, a golf course, and a zoo. Another munici-
1907, Tulsa's population was 7,298. The city was
pal facility, Woodward Park, is noted especially
incorporated in 1908. By 1910 homes, hotels, and
for its rose gardens.
office buildings were being erected at an amazing
Places and Events of Interest. Tulsa is a modern
rate. Banks were being opened, streets were
city with an impressive skyline, including many
being paved, and oil pipelines were being con-
tall skyscrapers. Government offices are located
structed to the Gulf Coast. Tulsa was in the
in Civic Center in downtown Tulsa. Two of the
process of becoming the mid-continent oil center
city's churches are of particular architectural
it is today.
interest. The Boston Avenue Methodist Church
Government and Population. Tulsa is governed
combines traditional church architecture with
by a mayor and a commission. Population: of
that of a skyscraper. It has a 225-foot (69-meter)
the metropolitan area, 689,434; of the city,
tower, bas-relief figures of pioneers, and Italian
360,919.
mosaics. The first Methodist Church, built in
1905, is a fine example of the Perpendicular
TULSA, University of, tul'sa, a privately con-
Tudor Gothic style.
trolled, coeducational institution of higher educa-
The Tulsa State Fair and Exposition is held
tion, situated in Tulsa, Okla. It was founded in
every autumn. Other annual events include the
1894 by the Presbyterian Church-to which it is
Northeast Oklahoma Square Dance Festival, the
still related-as Henry Kendall College, an Indian
Johnny Lee Wills Stampede (a rodeo), and
mission school, at Muskogee in Indian Territory.
the Tulsa Charity Horse Show, all held in May,
The college was moved to Tulsa in 1907, the
and the Tulsa Indian Powwow, held in August.
year in which Oklahoma became a state. The
The International Petroleum Exposition, held
name was changed to the University of Tulsa in
every four years, attracts oilmen from all over
1920, and a state charter was granted a year
the world.
later. In 1928 control of the university was
History. Tulsa takes its name from the Talsi,
vested in a self-perpetuating board of trustees
or Talasi, branch of the Creek Indians, who
made up of members of the community.
settled here about 1832 after having been de-
The university includes divisions of liberal
ported by the federal government from their
arts, business administration, engineering and
homeland in the Southeast. A post office on the
physical science, education, law, and fine and
pony express mail route was established here in
professional arts. There are also a graduate
1879. In 1882 the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad
school, an evening division, and a school of
established a terminal here, and Tulsey Town, as
nursing. Master's degree programs are offered in
it was called, became a shipping center for cattle
most of the divisions, and doctoral programs in a
destined for the stockyards of St. Louis and
few, including education, engineering, and En-
Chicago. But when the railroad terminal was
glish. North Campus, situated about two miles
shifted to Sapulpa in 1886, the town lost its eco-
from the main university campus, is the research
nomic base and languished.
and teaching facility for engineering.
In 1901 an oil well was brought in at Red
Fork, just across the river from Tulsa, and three
TULSI DÃS, tool'se däs (1532-1623), Hindu
"nterprising Tulsa citizens built a toll bridge
poet, who is regarded as one of the greatest poets
linking their town with the new field, the first in
of Hindi literature. He was a devotee of the
the state to be tapped. Tulsa became the residen-
Rãma incarnation of Vishnu, and his masterpiece
tial and business center for the oilmen who flocked
and most popular work is. the Râmcarit-mânas
to Red Fork (now within Tulsa's city limits),
(about 1575; Wonderful Lake of the Life of
and to the Glenn Pool field, which was opened
Râma), the standard Hindi version of the
213
Text copyright © 1990 Stewart, Tabori & Chang, Inc.
Photographs copyright © 1990 Tim Thompson.
CONT
Due to limitations of space, additional photo credits appear on
page 496 and constitute an extension of this page.
All information is accurate as of publication. We suggest
contacting the sites prior to a visit to confirm hours of operation.
Published in 1990 by Stewart, Tabori & Chang, Inc., 740 Broadway,
New York, NY 10003.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced by
INTRODUCTION
any means without the written permission of the publisher.
FRONT COVER: Ysleta Mission, El Paso, TX.
SOUTH TEXAS AND THE Gu
HALF-TITLE PAGE: Lucas Gusher, Spindletop, TX, January 10, 1901.
FRONTISPIECE: Lewis-Wagner House, Winedale Historical Center, TX.
BACK COVER: Texas State Capitol, Austin, TX.
CENTRAL TEXAS
SERIES EDITOR: HENRY WIENCEK
EDITOR: MARY LUDERS
NORTH AND EAST TEXAS
PHOTO EDITOR: MARY Z. JENKINS
ART DIRECTOR: DIANA M. JONES
EDITORIAL ASSISTANT: MONINA MEDY
5-25-90 MEB
WEST TEXAS
ASSISTANT PHOTO EDITORS: BARBARA J. SEYDA, REBECCA WILLIAMS
DESIGN ASSISTANT: KATHI R. PORTER
EASTERN OKLAHOMA
CARTOGRAPHIC DESIGN AND PRODUCTION: GUENTER VOLLATH
CARTOGRAPHIC COMPILATION: GEORGE COLBERT
DATA ENTRY: SUSAN KIRBY
WESTERN OKLAHOMA
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA
ARKANSAS
Gordon, Alice.
Texas and the Arkansas River valley/text by Alice Gordon and
Jerry Camarillo Dunn, Jr., Mel White: special photography by Tim
NOTES ON ARCHITECTURE
Thompson; editorial director, Roger G. Kennedy.- 1st ed.
p. cm. (The Smithsonian guide to historic America) Includes index.
INDEX
ISBN 1-55670-122-5: $24.95 - ISBN 1-55670-124-1 (pbk.): $18.95
1. Arkansas River Valley-Description and travel-Guide-books.
2. Texas-Description and travel-Guide-books. 3. Arkansas-
Description and travel-1981-Guide-books. 4. Oklahoma-
Description and travel-1981-Guide-books. 5. Historic sites-
Arkansas River Valley-Guide-books. 6. Historic sites-Texas-
Guide-books. 7. Historic sites-Arkansas-Guide-books
8. Historic sites-Oklahoma-Guide-books I. Dunn, Jerry
Camarillo. II. White, Mel, 1950-
III. Thompson, Tim, 1942-
IV. Kennedy, Roger G. V. Title. VI Series.
89-4605
F417.A7G67 1990 917.67'30453-dc20
CIP
Distributed by Workman Publishing, 708 Broadway, New York, NY 10003
Printed in Japan
10987654321
First Edition
4. Inc.
CONTENTS
toto credits appear on
this page.
tion. We suggest
firm hours of operation.
Chang, Inc., 740 Broadway,
may be reproduced by
INTRODUCTION
10
on of the publisher.
SOUTH TEXAS AND THE GULF COAST
18
X.
etop, TX, January 10, 1901.
inedale Historical Center, TX.
CENTRAL TEXAS
126
n, TX.
NORTH AND EAST TEXAS
204
WEST TEXAS
270
SEYDA, REBECCA WILLIAMS
EASTERN OKLAHOMA
332
N: GUENTER VOLLATH
COLBERT
WESTERN OKLAHOMA
376
ICATION DATA
ARKANSAS
426
by Alice Gordon and
NOTES ON ARCHITECTURE
484
cial photography by Tim
'nnedy.- 1st ed.
istoric America) Includes index.
INDEX
486
-55670-124-1 (pbk.): $18.95
and travel-Guide-books.
oks. 3. Arkansas-
4. Oklahoma-
5. Historic sites—
toric sites-Texas-
uide-books.
1. Dunn, Jerry
hompson, Tim, 1942-
89-4605
CIP
18 Broadway, New York, NY 10003
349
EASTERN OKLAHOMA
ASTERN OKLAHOMA
Grandview Avenue, 918-287-2495) displays Osage artifacts, such as
ribbon work, war items, and dolls; portraits; and historical pho-
tographs. The 1894 Osage Council House later became the City Hall
(Main Street and Grandview Avenue), built of rock-faced stone and
topped with a bell tower. The Osage County Historical Museum (700
North Lynn Avenue, 918-287-9924) fills the Santa Fe depot of 1923
with displays of Indian, pioneer, western, and oil-industry artifacts.
Founded in 1886 on the site of an earlier Osage village, Hominy
prospered during the oil boom of the 1920s. The Drummond Home
(305 North Price, 918-885-2374), a Victorian house erected in 1905,
contains clothing, documents, photographs, and 98 percent of the
original furnishings from the oil-boom era. Frederick Drummond, a
Scotsman, was an Indian trader and rancher.
PAWNEE
The Pawnee Indian Agency (Agency Road, 918-762-3621) was estab-
lished after the tribe was relocated from Nebraska in 1874. The com-.
plex consists of the old sandstone agency building and a two-story
the collection of the Woolaroc Museum.
superintendent's house. A teacher at the agency school, Major
Gordon W. Lillie, was a proponent of opening Indian Territory to
S costume given to Phillips when he
white settlers. When this occurred in 1893, the pioneer town of
ribe. Works by Charles M. Russell.
Pawnee took shape. Lillie, a cowboy, Indian interpreter, and fron-
Tenney Johnson are on exhibit.
tiersman, was known to the Indians as Pawnee Bill-the name he
adopted for his Wild West Show in 1888. From 1908 to 1913, he com-
es southwest of Bartlesville. HOURS:
bined his show with William F. Cody's as "Buffalo Bill's Wild West and
TELEPHONE: 918-336-0307.
Pawnee Bill's Far East" ("East" connoting elephants). The Pawnee
Bill Museum (west of Pawnee on Route 64, 918-762-2513) occupies
HUSKA
the showman's 1910 ranch house, a stone and half-timbered building
)sage extremely wealthy when oil was
with the original furnishings. Billboards, costumes, a stagecoach,
re World War I. Oil-lease auctions in
Indian artifacts, and a diorama of the Wild West Show are on display.
nore than $250 million by the mid-
ch year for every man, woman, and
A small town sparked by the railroad in 1887, Oologah is OMiles-on
st Indians in the United States. They
the Will Rogers Birthplace (off Route 169, three miles northeast of
30
shiny cars. Agency Hill rises above
town, 918-341-0719). His large boyhood home is not quite in
ency was built in 1872. The complex
accord with the legend of Rogers's humble beginnings. His father
From
ice building and a sandstone agency
was a successful rancher and banker, and his was one of the leading
dministering today's tribal affairs. In
families in the region. The house was built of logs with frame addi-
the Osage Tribal Museum (600
tions. "Just before my birth my mother, being in one of these frame
TUISA
CASTERN OKLAHOMA
351
frooms, had them remove her into the log part of the house," Rogers
once said. "She wanted me to be born in a log house. She had just
read the life of Lincoln. So I got the log-house end of it okay; all I
need now is the other qualifications." The house was moved from its
original site a mile away and contains period furnishings.
WILL ROGERS MEMORIAL
In one person, Will Rogers embodied both strains of Oklahoma's
genetic makeup. Born in 1879 and officially nine-thirty-seconds
Cherokee, he used to say, "My ancestors didn't come on the
Mayflower, but they met the boat." He grew up as a rancher, however,
and later signed love letters to his future wife: "Your Injun Cowboy."
No fan of school, Rogers said that he "got bogged down in the
fourth grade for about six years"; he preferred to practice rope
tricks. As the trick-roping "Cherokee Kid," he traveled to South
Africa with a Wild West show and appeared at the Saint Louis
Exposition of 1904 with Zack Mulhall's rodeo, which he accompa-
nied to New York's Madison Square Garden. Rogers became a popu-
lar vaudeville performer-his specialty was lassoing a horse and
rider simultaneously with two ropes. His career soared, and by 1906
he was performing in London for Edward VII. Audiences enjoyed
not only Rogers' roping, but his humorous comments on events of
the day. Spotted by Florenz Ziegfield, he was a great success when he
joined the Follies in 1915. The first of his seventy films came in 1918.
Later he moved his family to Beverly Hills, where he was made an
honorary mayor: Rogers was known and loved for his generosity to
friends and the needy all over the world. In 1919 he began writing
articles; he was eventually syndicated in 350 newspapers, more than
any journalist before him. Traveling as America's "Goodwill
Ambassador to the World," Rogers played polo with the king of
Spain, chatted with George Bernard Shaw, and reported "their
angle" in his homespun way. He flew whenever possible and was a
tireless booster of government support for aviation. In 1935 he flew
to Alaska with his friend Wiley Post, whom he termed the world's
greatest pilot. Their plane crashed near Point Barrow; both men
were killed. "When I die," Will Rogers said many times, "I want my
epitaph to read, 'I never met a man I didn't like." These words are
OPPOSITE: Will Rogers, billed as an "expert lariat thrower" in vaudeville shows, pos-
ing with his rope in an early publicity shot.
352
EASTERN OKLAHOMA
EASTERN OKLAHOMA
carved on the base of a huge statue of the humorist at the Will
Rogers Memorial. Dioramas of his life, excerpts from his films and
newsreels, a Charles Russell bronze of Rogers, and a saddle collec-
tion are on display, along with many personal mementoes: the type-
writer (battered in the crash) on which he turned out some 2 mil-
lion words, his "gag book" of jokes, polo gear, and family photos. He
is buried at the memorial.
LOCATION: West Will Rogers Boulevard (Route 88), Claremore.
HOURS: 8-5 Daily. FEE: None. TELEPHONE: 918-341-0719.
TULSA
Tulsa began when the Creek were relocated from Alabama in the
1830s. Heads of families often met under a huge oak tree to purify
themselves, feast, and dance; this Council Tree still stands at 18th
Street and Cheyenne Avenue. The first party of whites to travel here
(aside from fur traders) in 1832 included Washington Irving, who
commented on the "rich and varied country
alluvial bottoms
Tulsa's Union Depot, built in 1931, in one of mar
Deco style during a period of prosperity from oil
matted with vegetation
[and] brok
the first store was started, and by 1879
lished. During the 1880s Texas cattle ra
the area, and both the Creek and whi
town itself took root only because of a r.
ity. In 1882 the Atlantic & Pacific (Frisc
Cherokee country, a mile short of the
were not allowed to trade on Cherokee
railroad to extend the tracks one moi
where they could obtain a bond for do
Tulsa commercial district grew up arou
pered as a trade center for a wide area
laid across the river to meet the cattle di
Red Fork. The discovery of oil in 1901
of the town around the world. To ensur
and future oil development in Re:
toll bridge and enticed oilmen 1:
The Art Deco style crown of Tulsa's Phythian Building.
where, said boosters, "ordinan
EASTERN OKLAHOM
EASTERN OKLAHOMA
353
ge statue of the humorist at the Will
of his life, excerpts from his films and
bronze of Rogers, and a saddle collec-
many personal mementoes: the type-
h) on which he turned out some 2 mil-
jokes, polo gear, and family photos. He
Boulevard (Route 88), Claremore.
TELEPHONE: 918-341-0719.
TULSA
were relocated from Alabama in the
en met under a huge oak tree to purify
e; this Council Tree still stands at 18th
C. The first party of whites to travel here
1832 included Washington Irving, who
varied country
alluvial bottoms
Tulsa's Union Depot, built in 1931, in one of many buildings constructed in the Art
Deco style during a period of prosperity from oil production.
matted with vegetation
[and] broken and rocky hills." By 1848
the first store was started, and by 1879 a post office had been estab-
lished. During the 1880s Texas cattle ranchers grazed their herds in
the area, and both the Creek and whites started farming. But the
town itself took root only because of a railroad and a legal technical-
ity. In 1882 the Atlantic & Pacific (Frisco) laid tracks that stopped in
Cherokee country, a mile short of the river. But since non-Indians
were not allowed to trade on Cherokee land, white settlers asked the
railroad to extend the tracks one more mile into Creek territory,
where they could obtain a bond for doing business. That done, the
Tulsa commercial district grew up around the terminal. Tulsa pros-
pered as a trade center for a wide area, especially after tracks were
laid across the river to meet the cattle drives at a new terminal called
Red Fork. The discovery of oil in 1901 at Red Fork spread the name
of the town around the world. To ensure the link between their city
and future oil development in Red Fork, Tulsa citizens financed a
toll bridge and enticed oilmen to build homes in their community
"hythian Building.
where, said boosters, "ordinances prevent the desolation of our
354
EASTERN OKLAHOMA
homes and property by oil wells." To safeguard Tulsa's position, the
Commercial Club convinced three more railroads to run tracks
through the city by providing helpful land surveys and large cash
"bonuses." Tulsa became a shipping hub for the oil industry's prod-
ucts and equipment. In 1905 the nearby Ida Glenn Number 1 discov-
ery well came in, and soon the Glenn Pool was pumping more oil
than any field on earth. A "black gold" rush began, and Tulsa began
billing itself as the "Oil Capital of the World." But amid the prosperi-
ty a race riot erupted. By 1921 blacks made up 10 percent of the pop-
ulation in Tulsa; the local branch of the Ku Klux Klan had also
grown. Two days of violence and arson destroyed the black district
and left thirty-six people dead, 1,000 injured. Careful rebuilding of
neighborhoods and white-black relationships improved matters
thereafter. Meanwhile, Tulsa grew as an aviation center; both
American Airlines and Braniff began their passenger service here.
The city also developed into a cultural capital when oilmen such as
Waite Phillips and Thomas Gilcrease donated important art galleries.
Gilcrease Museum
This museum was founded by Thomas Gilcrease, who was part
Creek and grew up in Indian Territory. When he was nine years old,
Gilcrease received a 160-acre allotment in the center of what
became the Territory's first major oil-producing field, near present-
day Tulsa. He educated himself with the earnings from his oilfield
and went on to build a fortune. Starting in 1910 when almost no
one was interested in Americana and continuing for the next forty
years, Gilcrease built his collection, focussing on the discovery and
development of the New World, in particular the settlement of the
West. The collection is rich in American landscapes from 1870-1890,
especially those of Thomas Moran. Gilcrease was proud of his
Indian heritage; the museum's native American art ranges from
eighteenth-century hide paintings to twentieth-century Taos paint-
ings. The contrasting views of Indian life held by Frederic
Remington, Charles M. Russell, and George Catlin are apparent in
nearly 600 works by those artists. Also represented are James
McNeill Whistler, John Singer Sargent, Winslow Homer, and John
James Audubon. The museum's holdings include 10,000 works of
art, 250,000 artifacts, and 10,000 rare books and documents. Among
OPPOSITE: A late-nineteenth-century elk hide, probably Sioux, shows chiefs and war-
riors. It is now in the collection of the Gilcrease Museum.
357
EASTERN OKLAHOMA
the artifacts is a letter, written in 1512 by Diego Columbus (the dis-
coverer's son) to the Archbishop of Toledo, containing the earliest
known description of the island of Hispaniola and accounts of the
first exploratory expedition to Cuba.
LOCATION: 1400 Gilcrease Museum Road. HOURS: 9-5 Monday-
Saturday, 1-5 Sunday. FEE: Yes. TELEPHONE: 918-582-3122.
The Tulsa County Historical Society Museum (918-585-5520) is also
on the Gilcrease Museum grounds and occupies the Thomas
Gilcrease House, where the oilman lived after 1914 with his first and
second wives. Inside the sandstone building are exhibits on Tulsa his-
tory, correspondence, and early furnishings.
In the downtown area several buildings reflect the Art Deco
trend. The Union Depot (3 South Boston Avenue, 918-583-6900),
built in 1931 and now restored as offices, incorporates many Art
Deco designs on its exterior walls and retains the original interior
colors of gray, coral, green, and crimson, as well as zigzag motifs on
glass doors, bas-relief ornaments, and other stylistic touches.
Another example of adaptive reuse for offices is the 1917 Tulsa
Municipal Building (124 East 4th Street), which harks back to an
earlier Classic Revival style. The Philcade (511 South Boston
Avenue, 918-581-3011) is an example of Zigzag Moderne, an early
Art Deco style. Built in 1930, it has ornate window grillwork, bronze
chandeliers; and stylized foliage above the windows that conceals
bird and animal imagery. The facade blends terra-cotta, metalwork,
and brick. A tunnel connects the building to the twenty-eight-story
Philtower (across 5th Street, 918-585-2377); both buildings were
put up by oilman Waite Phillips, who feared kidnapping and
planned the tunnel as a way to move about safely and secretly. The
Philtower is notable for its polychrome roof tiles. The celebrated
Boston Avenue United Methodist Church (1301 South Boston
Avenue) dates to 1929 and has been called "an elegant Art Deco fin-
ger pointing toward heaven." Its pleated tower rises 225 feet. The
Fenster Museum of Jewish Art (1223 East 17th Place,
918-582-3732) displays the Southwest's largest collection of cere-
monial and aesthetic Judaica, which spans nearly 4,000 years.
Included is a nineteenth-century silver-gilded Polish Torah crown.
OPPOSITE: The dramatic spiral staircase, based on a French design, of Tulsa's Mid-
Continent Building, an Art Deco skyscraper designed by John Coultis. A drawing of
the building hangs on the wall.
ISSN 0899-6075
CITIES OF THE
UNITED STATES
FIRST EDITION
A Compilation of Current Information on
Economic, Cultural, Geographic, and Social Conditions
In Four Volumes
Volume 1:
The South
Deborah A. Straub
Diane L. Dupuis
Editors
Gale Research Inc.
Book Tower
Detroit, Michigan 48226
STAFF
Editors: Deborah A. Straub and Diane L. Dupuis
Contributing Editors: Eugene Arden, Ellen A. Brown, Harvey Dickson, Elizabeth Bramm Dunn, Amy Gross,
Lisa Mullenneaux, Lisa Kay Pease, Sharon Rose, Peggy Saari, Doris Scharfenberg, Suzanne Vannell,
Brian D. Welch, Elaine R. Winkler, Ilene Wolff, and Dorothy Wood
Graphics Coordinator: Roger Hubbard
Production Manager: Mary Beth Trimper
External Production Assistants: Linda Davis and Laura McKay
Art Director: Art Chartow
Graphic Designer: Cindy Baldwin
Production Supervisor: Laura Bryant
Internal Production Associate: Louise A. Gagné
Senior Editor: Linda Metzger
ACCRA Inter-City Cost of Living Index and ACCRA housing price
information reprinted by permission of the American Chamber of Com-
merce Researchers Association (ACCRA). The ACCRA Inter-City Cost of
Living Index is a measurement of relative price levels for consumer goods
and services in participating cities as compared to the national average of 100
for all participating cities. Items priced include groceries, housing, utilities,
transportation, health care, and miscellaneous goods and services.
Portions of entries on Charlotte, North Carolina; Greensboro, North
Carolina; Knoxville, Tennessee; Memphis, Tennessee; Nashville, Tennessee;
Richmond, Virginia; and Charleston, West Virginia, reprinted by permis-
sion of PACE Magazine, the Piedmont Airlines in-flight magazine, Pace
Communications, Inc., Greensboro, N.C.
Copyright © 1988 by Gale Research Inc.
ISBN 0-8103-2501-2
ISSN 0899-6075
Printed in the United States of America
Computerized photocomposition by
ATLIS Publishing Services, Inc.
Riverdale, Maryland
Tulsa
Courtesy of Tulsa Chamber of Commerce
Area: 187 square miles
The City in Brief
Elevation: 700 feet
Average Annual Temperature: 60.6° F
Average Annual Precipitation: 37.97 inches
Founded: 1836 (incorporated, 1898)
Head Official: Mayor Roger Randle (since 1988)
Major Economic Sectors: Oil, aerospace, medical ser-
vices, data processing
City Population
Unemployment Rate: 6.6% (September, 1987)
1970: 330,000
Per Capita Income: $12,670 (1985 estimate)
1980: 360,919
1987 ACCRA Average House Price: $83,120
1986 estimate: 373,750
1987 ACCRA Cost of Living Index: 100.2 (U.S. average
Percent change, 1970-1980: 9.3%
= 100.0)
U.S. rank in 1980: 38th
U.S. rank in 1986: 38th
Crimes per 100,000 Population: 6,625.9 (1986)
Metropolitan Area Population
1970: 526,000
1980: 657,000
Major Colleges and Universities: University of Oklaho-
1985 estimate: 733,000
ma Tulsa Medical College, University of Tulsa, Oral
Average annual percent change, 1970-1980: 2.2%
Roberts University
U.S. rank in 1980: 52nd
U.S. rank in 1985: 51st
Daily Newspaper: Tulsa Tribune and Tulsa World
227
Cities of the United States
First Edition
Oklahoma-Tulsa
Introduction
Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole-
from their traditional lands in the southeastern United
States to Indian Territory in what is now Oklahoma.
From its earliest ranching and oil boom days to the
After violent protest the Osages, in 1826, ceded their land
present, Tulsa has recognized the need for economic
in the Tulsa area to the U.S. government, which in turn
diversity and has continually taken appropriate steps.
gave it to exiled Creeks and Cherokees. In 1836 Archie
With a history of steady expansion, a unique geographic
Yahola, a full-blood Creek, presided over the region's
location as an important shipping port, and wide range of
first council meeting, held under an oak tree that came to
employment opportunities, Tulsa has made itself attrac-
be known as the Council Oak. The tree still stands in
tive to new businesses. It is equally enticing to new
Tulsa's Creek Nation Council Oak Park.
residents, with its moderate Sunbelt climate, abundant
recreational areas, continuing cultivation of the arts, and
The settlement convened at the Council Oak was first
educational opportunities. Thus prepared for, and antici-
named Tallassee-Lochapoka, for the Alabama regions the
pating, steady economic growth, Tulsa moves with
Creeks had left behind; eventually it became known as
confidence toward the twenty-first century.
Tulsey-or Tulsee-Town. The name Tulsa became
official for the settlement in 1879 with the establishment
of the post office, which also marked the beginning of
Tulsa as an economic force in the area. When a railroad
Geography and Climate
connection reached Tulsa in 1882, the town began to
supply beef and other staples to the East, South, and
Midwest. Ranching and farming-mostly by Creeks or
Surrounded by gentle hills stretching toward the Ozark
Cherokees-flourished. Tulsa grew steadily and became
foothills, Tulsa lies along the Arkansas River at a latitude
incorporated as a municipality on January 18, 1898.
providing a moderate climate. Winters are generally mild
with light snowfall, and the high temperatures of mid- to
In 1901 oil reserves were discovered in Red Fork, across
late summer are often moderated by low relative humidi-
the Arkansas River from Tulsa. Enterprising Tulsans
ty and southerly breezes. Tornadoes and windstorms
built a toll bridge to connect their city with the oil
characterize spring and early summer, but sunny days
country, and oilmen crossed the river to make Tulsa their
and cool nights prevail throughout the fall. Rainfall is
home. Despite Indian Territory laws that discouraged
heaviest in the spring.
white settlement, the region became increasingly open to
whites, and Tulsa grew into a business and residential
Area: 187 square miles
center. Oil gushed again in 1905, this time from the
Glenn Pool well. Oil companies headquartered in Tulsa,
Elevation: 700 feet
bringing families of corporate executives, urban tastes,
Average Temperatures: January, 36.7° F; August, 82° F;
and money. In 1906 the U.S. Congress passed the
annual average, 60.6° F
Enabling Act, which merged Indian Territory and
Oklahoma Territory, achieving statehood for Oklahoma
Average Annual Precipitation: 37.97 inches
and bringing down the last barriers to settlement of the
region. From 1907 to 1930, Tulsa's population grew by
nineteen hundred percent.
History
By the 1920's Tulsa was being called the Oil Capital of
the World. But not content to be an oil capital only,
Tulsa continued its expansion into other commercial and
French traders and plains-culture Osage tribesmen occu-
industrial areas as well. In fact, several of Tulsa's firms
pied the region now surrounding Tulsa when the United
had a part in the U.S. moon-thrust endeavor, Project
States bought the land from France as part of 1803's
Apollo. Today Tulsa still relies economically on oil, but
Louisiana Purchase. Soon the federal government sought
enjoys a diversified economic community in which
to remove communities of the Five Civilized Tribes-
virtually every trade and business is represented.
229
"Oklahoma-Tulsa
Cities of the United States
First Edition
The Spartan School of Aeronautics and the Oklahoma
showcasing Native American artifacts and replicas of
Junior College of Business and Technology also operate
dinosaurs. The Tulsa Garden Center features beautiful
in Tulsa. Specialized education and training may be
dogwood and azalea plantings. Nearby is the award-
obtained at the Tulsa Area Vocational-Technical School.
winning Tulsa Rose Garden. Tulsa's oldest landmark is a
Students in Tulsa also attend several business and trade
tree, the Council Oak, which still stands in the Creek
schools.
Nation Council Oak Park as a memorial to the Lacoapo-
Libraries and Research Centers
kas and Tallassee Creek Indian tribes, the first settlers of
what later became Tulsa.
The Tulsa City-County Library has twenty branches. In
addition to its more than 692,000 books, it houses
Organized Grey Line bus or self-guided auto tours, such
numerous films, slides, maps, art reproductions, and
as the Tulsa Trail Tour, are easy ways to see other city
audio/videotapes, plus talking and large-print books.
attractions. Industrial tours are offered by several facili-
Special collections include the Land Office Survey Map
ties, including: the Frankhoma Pottery Factory, which
Collection and the Shakespeare Collection. Tulsa has
uses Oklahoma clay for its creations; the Sun Petroleum
eight additional libraries offering reference materials on a
Products Company; and the American Airlines factory,
wide range of topics. Research centers affiliated with the
which overhauls and repairs aircraft. Sightseers may also
University of Tulsa conduct projects in such fields as
tour the campus of Oral Roberts University with its
women's literature and petroleum engineering, while a
unique Prayer Tower and City of Faith Medical Center.
center affiliated with Oral Roberts University researches
Arts and Culture
Pentecostal/Charismatic theology, among other topics.
Long known as a cultural center and leading the state in
the number and quality of cultural events, Tulsa offers
the visitor year-round entertainment.
Health Care
For performances of theater, dance, and music, the six-
level Performing Arts Center (or PAC), located in the
Six general hospitals serve Tulsa: the City of Faith
Williams Center in downtown Tulsa, seats twenty-four
Medical and Research Center (affiliated with Oral
hundred in its music hall and four hundred fifty in the
Roberts University), Doctors' Medical Center, Hillcrest
performing theater. Among groups in residence are the
Medical Center, St. Francis Hospital, and St. John
Tulsa Philharmonic Orchestra, Ballet Theatre, and Op-
Medical Center and Oklahoma Osteopathic Center; also,
era. The city is also home to several professional
in Tulsa County, is the Children's Medical Center. All
repertory theater companies, as well as to Theater Tulsa,
but the Oklahoma Osteopathic Center have medical
Oklahoma's oldest theater. Ten miles from Tulsa is the
school affiliation and serve as approved learning centers
Discoveryland Outdoor Theatre, which during the sum-
for medical interns and residents. Treatment and consul-
mer presents the popular musical classic "Oklahoma!"
tation are offered in virtually all fields of medicine,
including such specialties as burn care, open-heart
Among the many museums and galleries in the Tulsa
surgery, cardiac rehabilitation, genetic counseling, and
area is the Thomas Gilcrease Institute of American
neonatal intensive care. Hospice and long-term-care
History and Art, which features works by famous
facilities are also available.
western artists such as Frederic Remington, Charles
Russell, and George Catlin, plus maps, manuscripts, and
rare books, as well as prehistoric and modern Indian
artifacts. The Tulsa County Historical Society Museum
Recreation
displays photographs, rare books, furniture, and tools
representative of Tulsa's early days. Objects of Jewish
art, history, ceremony, and everyday life are presented at
Sightseeing
the Gershon and Rebecca Fenser Gallery of Jewish Art.
The Philbrook Art Center exhibits Chinese jades, paint-
Tulsa boasts one of the nation's largest city-owned parks,
ings of the Italian Renaissance and of nineteenth-century
2,800-acre Mohawk Park. Along with picnic and recre-
England and America, plus Native American basketry,
ation areas the part contains the Tulsa Zoological Park
paintings, and pottery. The center is surrounded by
with its Nocturnal Animal Building, Chimpanzee Colo-
several acres of formal gardens. The Alexandre Hogue
ny, Children's Zoo, and North American Living Museum
Gallery of Art at Tulsa University showcases traveling
232
:
Cities of the United States
First Edition
Oklahoma-Tulsa
art collections as well as works by local artists, including
Midtown, east and southeast Tulsa are also served by
students and instructors.
large malls. Smaller shops and centers abound.
Festivals and Holidays
Dozens of restaurants offer menus ranging from tradi-
tional American cuisine to those with an international
Mayfest, a four-day celebration of spring held in late
flavor. Regional specialties include chicken-fried steak,
May, is Tulsa's most prominent downtown event. The
Santa Fe-style Mexican food, and authentic western
festivities include arts, crafts, music, and food. The Tulsa
barbecues.
Powwow, one of the largest Native American powwows
in the world, takes place in mid-July. Highlights include
authentic arts and crafts plus ceremonial dances and
fancy-dress competitions. The end of September brings
the Tulsa State Fair, one of the largest in the country. In
Convention Facilities
901,
addition to traditional events and exhibits, the fair
features live performances and ice capades. Other cele
brations include the Great Raft Race and Carnival on
A moderate climate, abundant hotel space-approxi-
to
mately 8,500 rooms in Tulsa and the metropolitan area-
Labor Day weekend, Oktoberfest, Northeast Oklahoma
Square Dance Festival, International Antique Show,
and a wide range of leisure, cultural and recreational
Jubilee Art Festival, and the Chili Cookoff/Bluegrass
opportunities make Tulsa attractive to large and small
Festival.
groups of convention-goers.
The Tulsa Convention Center, in the heart of the
Sports for the Spectator
business district and only six blocks from the Performing
Fans of professional sports will find two teams in Tulsa.
Arts Center, offers facilities for sports, banquets, con-
The Roughnecks of the North American Soccer League
certs, exhibitions, trade shows, and stage performances.
play in Skelly Stadium from mid-April to early Septem-
A total of 214,800 square feet contains 150,000 square
ber. And the Class AA Tulsa Drillers of Texas League
feet of exhibit space, the 9,000-seat Arena, 1,500-seat
Baseball round the bases at Sutton Stadium from April to
Assembly Hall and 23 meeting rooms, each accommodat-
September. In collegiate sports; the University of Tulsa
ing 20 to 1,500 people. An ice rink and a standard,
fields Golden Hurricane football and basketball teams,
regulation-size basketball floor are available in the
and Oral Roberts University fields Titan baseball and
Auditorium, which seats up to 9,000. The center also
basketball teams.
provides a full-service professional management team.
The Tulsa Exposition Center provides a total of 456,000
Tulsa's numerous equestrian events include the Interna-
square feet for trade shows, expositions, indoor fairs, and
tional Finals Rodeo, in which the top money-winners on
large conventions. The Center boasts one of the largest
the rodeo circuit compete. Other spectator sports include
clear-span exhibit halls in the world.
tennis and golf tournaments as well as stock-car races.
Among the city's other convention facilities are the
Sports for the Participant
Directory Hotel, Doubletree Hotel at Warren Place,
Sheraton Kensington Hotel, Tulsa Excelsior Hotel,
Public recreation opportunities abound on and around
Marriott-Tulsa, The Westin Hotel, Shangri-La, and the
the seven large lakes surrounding Tulsa. And in the
Best Western Ashland Hills Inn.
River Parks system along the Arkansas River in the heart
of Tulsa, visitors can enjoy seven miles of hiking/biking
trails as well as picnic and playground areas. Mohawk
Park offers bridle trails and a polo field. Other facilities
include several golf courses, more than one hundred
Transportation
tennis courts, several municipal swimming pools, Bell's
Amusement Park, and Big Splash Water Park.
Approaching the City
Shopping and Dining
Visitors arriving by air will touch down at Tulsa
From nationally known stores to specialty shops, Tulsa
International Airport, just nine miles northeast of down-
provides shoppers with a wide range of choices. For those
town-approximately fifteen minutes by taxi. South of
who enjoy larger shopping facilities, downtown features
the city is the Richard Lloyd Jones, Jr., Airport, a
The Shops at Williams Center and the Main Mall.
smaller facility serving general aviation traffic. For those
233
Cities of the United States
First Edition
Oklahoma-Tulsa
the Gulf of Mexico. Other freight carriers include four
traveling to Tulsa by car, the major direct routes are
Interstate Highways 44 from the east and south-which
trunk-line railroads connecting with the major midwest-
merges with U.S. Highways 66, 75-Alternate, and State
ern rail centers, and the airlines.
Highway 33 a few miles southwest of the city-and 244
from the east-which intersects with I-44 a few miles east
of Tulsa and leads directly into the city, then merges with
U.S. 75 southwest of the city; U.S. Highways 66 south of
the city, 75 from the north and south, 64 from the
Communications
southeast-which merges with State 51 southeast and
northwest of the city-and 169 from the northeast; and
by State Highways 33-an east-west highway south of
Newspapers and Magazines
the city-and 51 from the east and west. Four toll
expressways radiate from the city, the Red Fork and
Tulsa's morning and Sunday newspaper is the Tulsa
Crosstown (both, Interstate 244), Cherokee (U.S. 75),
World and its evening newspaper is the Tulsa Tribune. In
and Broken Arrow (U.S. 64/State 51).
addition, two business newspapers and several suburban
and metro area weeklies serve the city. Tulsa also
Traveling in the City
publishes a wide variety of periodicals covering such
topics as science, petroleum, dentistry, medicine, authors
Downtown Tulsa is bounded on the north by Interstate
and books, geophysical exploration, and palomino
244/U.S. 64/State 51, on the east by U.S. 75, on the
horses.
south by U.S. 64/State 51, and on the west by Interstate
244/U.S. 75.
Television and Radio
Tulsa's bus-based mass transit system is operated by the
Metropolitan Tulsa Transit Authority. Unique to the
Tulsa is served by seven television stations-six commer-
system are trackless trolleys.
cial and one public-with thirty-six more stations avail-
able from Tulsa Cable Television. Other stations operate
Commercial Shipping
in the area from nearby towns. In addition, Tulsa radio
Tulsa's busy Port of Catoosa barge-ships cargo to the
provides listeners with a choice of eight AM stations and
Mississippi River and from there to the Great Lakes or
nine FM stations.
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