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Speechwriting, White House Office of
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Clarksville, Tennessee 9/29/92 [OA 7581][1]
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23
1
5
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
September 28, 1992
MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT
FROM:
STEVE PROVOST
SP
SUBJECT:
PROPOSED REMARKS FOR BRISTOL, TENNESSEE
I. SUMMARY
On Tuesday, September 29th at 10:10 a.m. you will deliver
remarks to 2500 people at the Tri-City Regional Airport in
Bristol, Tennessee.
II. DISCUSSION
Your remarks (approximately 15 minutes / cards) continue on
this weekend's theme, pointing out that Governor Clinton has a
sorry record in Arkansas, that his economic plan requires a
middle class tax increase, and that he cannot be trusted with his
hands on the levers of government. You will give the exact same
speech, with other local angles at the four stops tomorrow.
Presidential Remarks
Bristol, TN
Sept. 28, 1992
9:30 p.m.
(Thank you's and acknowledgements)
It's great to be in Big Orange Country.
May I say a special thank you to your entertainment this
morning -- the Volunteer High School Marching Band.
This campaign, like every campaign, is about a simple
question: what kind of America do we want -- for the young people
here today?//
I'll tell you what kind of America I want. I want an
America that is a military superpower and the greatest economic
superpower in the world!
I have laid out my Agenda for American Renewal -- a
specific, comprehensive, integrated agenda for America, to create
the world's first $10 trillion economy.
I believe I am uniquely qualified to lead America into this
new world economy. My opponent's international experience
consists of leading demonstrations in a foreign country against
his own government. I want to use my experience to lead America
-- to open new foreign markets because that is the way we create
new jobs. //
If our nation is going to compete, we must make changes here
at home.
Small business will create 2/3rds of the new jobs in the new
economy. Governor Clinton promises small business higher taxes
2
and more red tape -- I promise small business relief -- from
taxation, regulation and litigation. 11
I say pass term limits -- and give Congress back to the
people.
These are just some of my ideas -- some of what I'm fighting
for.
I'm proud of my record, and I'll stand by it in November.
But if Candidate Clinton wants to talk about the past, I say okay
-- let's look at what's been going on in Arkansas.
There's a lot you don't know about my opponent -- and the
more you find out, the more you know that he's wrong for America.
We want to take back our streets from the crackheads and
the criminals. //
Candidate Clinton talks tough, but listen to this. In
Arkansas, the average criminal serves just one-fifth of his
sentence -- then he's let back out on the streets.
Compare that to our federal prisons today. The average
inmate serves 85 percent of his sentence. When it comes to
crime, I'm not much for leniency and compassion. If you steal a
car or beat an elderly woman -- you ought to go to jail. I say
you shouldn't be let out, until you're eligible for a birthday
salute from Willard Scott. /
But don't ask me who's tough on crime. Ask the police in
Little Rock, Arkansas. The cops who know Bill Clinton best, have
endorsed me -- as the best candidate for President of the United
States. //
3
It's the same thing on every issue. Governor Clinton says
he's for civil rights, but Arkansas doesn't have a basic civil
rights law. He says he's for a clean environment, but the
Institute for Southern Studies ranked Arkansas 50th -- dead last
-- in environmental policies. Bill Clinton says he's for high
tech -- but Arkansas has been falling behind in high school.
Seventy-five percent of their graduates spend their first year of
college in remedial education.
As Governor of Arkansas, Bill Clinton raised and extended
the sales tax, including a tax on baby formula, vegetables and
other groceries. He raised the gas tax, and even taxed mobile
homes and cable T.V.
Now, Governor Clinton says he's seen the light. In this
campaign, he's proposing at least $150 billion in new taxes --
plus at least $220 billion in new spending. But don't worry, he
says -- I'll get it all from the rich -- people who make over
$200,000 -- the top 2 percent.
But here's the truth. To get the money he needs for his
plan, the $150 billion he's promised in new taxes, Governor
Clinton would have to get his money from individuals with taxable
income over $36,600. That's just the start of his tax campaign
against the middle-class. Governor Clinton hasn't said how he'll
pay for any of his new programs. He'd need hundreds of billions
dollars more to pay for all his promises. [So he'll have tax
collectors working overtime, to go after every working man and
woman in America.]
4
There's an old saying. "When you hunt ducks, you go where
the ducks are." (By the way, Governor Clinton raised hunting and
fishing fees in Arkansas.) Bill Clinton is hunting for ways to
pay for all his promises -- and he's going to go to the middle
class -- because that's where the money is.//
Don't take my word for it, listen to the newspaper from his
own back yard, The Pine Bluff Commercial. Here's what it says:
"If Congress followed the example Bill Clinton has set as
Governor of Arkansas, it would pass a tax program that would hit
the middle-class hardest.'
Now, I don't think that Pine Bluff paper is bluffing. Let
me give you one example. Let's say you are a third grade teacher
-- with about $22,000 a year in taxable income. Governor Clinton
could have you fork over another $430 bucks a year to the tax
man. And I say you ought to be able to use that money to pay for
your kid's education, or pay the mortgage on the house, not send
it back to the IRS. /
Now, when I add up all Governor Clinton's promises and point
out the truth -- he says, "Hey, forget my record. Forget the
facts. I'm a different kind of Democrat."
But what's different about him? George McGovern -- Bill
Clinton ran Texas for him in '72. He learned his liberalism from
McGovern. Jimmy Carter -- Bill Clinton's wearing the same
moderate costume. At least Carter believed it. Michael Dukakis
-- Bill Clinton nominated him, and praised the Massachusetts
Miracle -- right before the Massachusetts economy collapsed./
5
Bill Clinton is trying to sell you a line about some so-
called "Third Way" to help the economy. You and I know there's a
right way and a wrong way. We don't need a President who invents
a third way to cover up what's really on his mind.
We've seen Bill Clinton use smooth talk to pull the wool
over people's eyes before.
That's how he convinced a good-hearted Colonel to let him in
the Arkansas ROTC and out of the draft -- until it was no longer
convenient. (At least I agree with my opponent on one military
topic -- he had no business being an officer in the United States
Army.)
Then there was Bill Clinton's "principled" stand on both
sides of the Gulf War -- when he said -- "I guess I would have
voted with the majority if it was a close vote, but I agree with
the arguments the minority made."
One day Bill Clinton tells the people of Arkansas he'll
never run for President, the next year he announces his campaign.
One day he says he's for the North American Free Trade Agreement,
then says that he hasn't made up his mind yet. One day Bill
Clinton says the middle class deserves a tax break, the next day
he's plotting new ways to hit the middle class to pay for all his
programs.
It's a matter of trust.
If Bill Clinton ever became President -- and he won't --
we'd have to replace the American Eagle -- with a chameleon.
6
Bill Clinton wants you to trust that America's economy will
improve if you turn full control of your paycheck over to the
crew that already runs the Congress -- he wants the tax and spend
government planners to have total control over the Executive
Branch, too.
They tried this when President Ford faced difficulties, and
you ended up with inflation of 12.5 % -- and rising interest
rates -- and a misery index over 21 percent.
It took years to wring inflation and high interest rates out
of the American economy. Our workers and businesses paid the
price.
At this time in our history, we can't take that risk.
You see, I've been in the Oval Office, I've faced the tough
decisions.
I've made some mistakes and I've admitted them.
But I believe I've been a good leader -- willing to make the
tough calls -- I'm a leader whose ideas are right for America.
I stand before you today, asking for your vote so I can get
on to fix what's broke in this country.
America changed the world, and I know it's time to change
things at home, too: health care reform, job training, a G.I.
Bill for Kids so parents can choose the best schools for their
children, a cap on the growth of mandatory spending, tax relief
for small businesses, legal reform -- and all the rest of my
Agenda to create jobs and make America the greatest economic
superpower in the '90s.
7
If you want someone who has a statistic for every problem -
- cast your vote for the other guy.
But if you are looking for a leader of experience, a leader
of ideas, a leader who shares your values, a leader who
understands that America's real strength is not in government,
but in places like Bristol, a leader you can trust -- than I
know I can count on your support -- on November 3rd.
Thank you very much. God Bless the United States of
America.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
September 28, 1992
MEMORANDUM FOR BOB ZOELLICK
son
FROM:
STEVE PROVOST
52
RE:
Tomorrow's Speeches
Upon reflection, my problem with the insults about Governor
Clinton's draft record is that it will drag the media away from
his middle-class tax increase, which matters more to the voters.
Plus, it is rather heavy-handed.
MASTER
Presidential Remarks
Bristol, TN
Sept. 28, 1992
8:00 p.m.
(Thank you's and acknowledgements)
It's great to be in Big Orange Country.
May I say a special thank you to your entertainment this
morning -- the Volunteer High School Marching Band.
This campaign, like every campaign, is about a simple
question: what kind of America do we want -- for the young people
here today?//
I'll tell you what kind of America I want. I want an
America that is a military superpower and the greatest economic
superpower in the world -- revered for our jobs and our workers.
I have laid out my Agenda for American Renewal -- a
specific, comprehensive, integrated agenda for America, the to
create the world's first $10 trillion economy.
I believe I am uniquely qualified to lead America into this
new world economy. My opponent's international experience
Wash Hedges Times
consists of leading demonstrations in XX a foreign X country against
Mike
his own government. I want to use my experience to lead America
-- to open new foreign markets because that is the way we create
new jobs. / /
If our nation is going to compete, we must make changes here
at home.
Small business will create 2/3rds of the new jobs in the new
economy. Governor Clinton promises small business higher taxes
2
and XXXX more red tape -- I promise small business relief -- from
taxation, regulation and litigation. //
I say pass term limits -- and give Congress back to the
people.
These are just some of my ideas -- some of what I'm fighting
for.
I'm proud of my record, and I'll stand by it in November.
But if Candidate Clinton wants to talk about the past, I say okay
-- let's look at what's been going on in Arkansas. The people of
Arkansas are decent and hard-working. But the more you know
about the Governor the more you know that he's wrong for America.
We want to take back our streets from the crackheads and
the criminals. 11
Candidate Clinton talks tough, but listen to this.
In
Arkansas, the average criminal serves just one-fifth of his
McNualty
Paul
sentence -- then he's let back out on the streets.
x
Paul
Compare that to our federal prisons today. The average
McNulty
inmate serves 85 percent of his sentence. When it comes to
crime, I'm not much for leniency and compassion. If you steal a
car or beat an elderly woman -- you ought to go to jail. I say
you shouldn't be let out, until you're eligible for a birthday
salute from Willard Soott.//
But don't ask me whose tough on crime. Ask the police in
Little Rock, Arkansas. The cops who know Bill Clinton best, have
endorsed me -- as the best candidate for President of the United
States. //
Record
3
It's the same thing on every issue. Governor Clinton says
4/22/92
he's for civil rights, but Arkansas doesn't have a basic civil
Springfulls
rights law. He says he's for a clean environment, but the
Institute for Southern Studies ranked Arkansas 50th -- dead last
-- in environmental policies. Bill Clinton says he's for high
tech -- but Arkansas has been falling behind in high school.
Remarks
Seventy-five percent of their graduates spend their first year of
9/32/92
college in remedial education.
As Governor of Arkansas, Bill Clinton raised and extended
Hawests
the sales tax, including a tax on baby formula, vegetables and
other groceries. He raised the gas tax, and even taxed mobile
homes and cable T.V.
Now, Governor Clinton says he's seen the light. In this
campaign, he's proposing at least $150 billion in new taxes --
plus at least $220 billion in new spending. But don't worry, he
says -- I'll get it all X from the rich -- people who make it over
X
$200,000 -- the top 2 percent.
But here's the truth. To get the money he needs for his
people
plan, the $150 billion he's promised in new taxes, Governor
Delet
Clinton would have to get his money from every individual with
rever
taxable income over $36,600. That's just the start of his tax
campaign against the middle-class. Governor Clinton hasn't said
David
how he'll pay for any of his new programs. He'd need hundreds
of billions dollars more to pay for all his promises. [So he'll
have tax collectors working overtime, to go after every working
Ian and woman in America.]
Governor Clinton has not come up with
enough revenues in his tax plan to
pay for all his new programs,
NEXLS
There's an old saying. "When you hunt ducks, you go where
the ducks are." (By the way, Governor Clinton raised duck
David
hunting fees in Arkansas.) Bill Clinton is hunting for ways to Tell
pay for all his promises -- and he's going to go to the middle
class -- because that's where the money is.//
Don't take my word for it, listen to the newspaper from his
own back yard, The Pine Bluff Commercial Here's what has they say:
Train
"If Congress followed the example that Fax Bill Clinton would set as
Meches
Governor of Arkansas it would pass a ^ program that n hit the
middle-class the hardest.'
Now, I don't think that Pine Bluff paper is bluffing. Let
me give you one example. Let's say you are a third grade teacher
Train
-- with about $22,000 a year in taxable income. Governor Clinton
allinstrous
could have you fork over another $430 bucks a year to the tax
man. And I say you ought to be able to use that money to pay for
your kid's education, or pay the mortgage on the house, not send
it back to the IRS.//
Now, when I add up all Governor Clinton's promises and point
out the truth -- he says, "hey, forget my record. Forget the
facts. I'm a different kind of Democrat."
But what's different about him? George McGovern -- Bill
Nanabbs
Clinton ran Texas for him in 172. He learned his liberalism
there. Jimmy Carter -- Bill Clinton's wearing the same moderate
costume. At least Carter believed it. Michael Dukakis -- Bill
Clinton nominated him, and praised the Massachusetts Miracle
--
right before the Massachusetts economy collapsed./
New york jui Times 199 Bill Sect Page
5
Clinton is trying to sell you a line about some so-
Sept
called "Third Way" to help the economy. You and I know there's a
right way and a wrong way. We don't need a President who invents
a third way to avoid choosing.
(Bill Clinton is good at this smooth talk. That's how he
convinced a good hearted Colonel in the Arkansas ROTC to get some
less sophisticated boy to take his place in the draft line.
(At
least I agree with my opponent on one military topic he had no
business being an officer in the United States Army.)
Then there was Bill Clinton's principled stand on both sides
Aug
of the Gulf War -- when he said -- "I guess I would have voted
with the majority if it was a close vote, but I agree with the
Acceptor Speech 7,999
arguments the minority made.
Star a Trib
One day Bill Clinton tells the people of Arkansas he'll
16, 1902 never run for President, the next (year) hé announces his
Enid Ea/17/9 0
April
Page 17A
campaign. One day he says he's for the North American Free Trade
when I have a definitive OPINOR I'll say so.
Dage
Agreement, then says that he haven't hospit made up my mind yet. " One day
Bill Clinton says the middlerclass deserves a tax break, the next
day he's plotting new ways to hit the middle-class to pay for all
his programs.
If Bill Clinton ever became President -- and he won't --
we'd have to replace the American Eagle -- with a chameleon.
Bill Clinton wants you to believe America will be better if
you turn full control of your paycheck over to the crew that
already runs the Congress -- he wants the tax and spend
6
government planners to have total control over the Executive
Policy Review 1987
Branch, too.
They tried this when President 12.5% Ford faced difficulties, and
you ended up with inflation of -- and rising interest rates
Pagele seat 41
and a misery index over 21 percent.
It took years to wring inflation and high interest rates out
of the American economy. Our workers and businesses paid the
price.
At this time in our history, I don't think we can take the
risk.
You see, I've been in the Oval Office, I've faced the tough
decisions.
I've made some mistakes and I've admitted them.
But I believe I've been a good leader -- willing to make the
tough calls -- I'm a leader whose ideas are right for America.
I stand before you today, asking for your vote so I can get
on to fix what's broke in this country.
America changed the world, and I know it's time to change
things at home, too: health care reform, job training, term
limits, tax relief for small businesses -- and all the rest of my
Agenda to create jobs and make America an economic superpower in
the '90s.
If you want someone who has a statistic for every problem -
- cast your vote for the other guy.
But if you are looking for a leader of experience, a leader
of ideas, a leader who shares your values, a leader who
7
understands that America's real strength is not in government,
but in places like Bristol -- than I know I can count on your
support -- on November 3rd.
Thank you very much. God Bless the United States of
America.
Governor Clinton has not come up with enough revenues in his tax
plan to pay for all his new programs.
PAGE
1
Proprietary to the United Press International, October 24, 1984
FOCUS
It noted that under the Carter Mondale administration, the so-called misery
index 'had almost doubled to 21 percent with inflation hitting 13 percent
and interest rates over 21 percent, the highest interest rates since the
Civil War.
''In In the past four years under President Reagan, the nation has shrugged off
Carter-Mondale 'malaise' and doomsaying, and taken on a renewed spirit of
self-confidence, self-reliance and -- yes, let's say it - proud patriotism.
The Associated Press, November 3, 1980
FOCUS
"I can't help but think that we turned the economy over to Jimmy Carter on a
silver platter and in 3 1/2 years Jimmy Carter blew it," Ford said.
The former president pointed to the prime interest rate, which he said was 6
1/4 percent when he left office on Jan. 20, 1977, but last week was "14 1/ 2
percent and probably going higher."
"Under Jimmy Carter, we have the highest interest rates of any
administration in this century," he said.
Ford also said the president is responsible for the rise in the = misery
index" -- a combination of inflation and unemployment rates invented by
candidate Jimmy Carter in 1976.
Citing the 12 percent "misery index" that Carter assigned the Ford
administration, the former president said, "I respectfully suggest that if a 12
percent misery index in 1976 was grounds enough to beat Bob Dole and Jerry Ford,
then a 20 percent index in 1980 is grounds enough now to
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Elton Jones, Director of Public Relations for Alcoa
615-977-3490
Mayor Ashe, Mayor of Knoxville 615-521-2040
George Korda, Public Affairs for the city of Knoxville
615-521-2065
Congressman John Duncan, Jr. (R) 225-5435
Jim Easton, Press Secretary
Judy Whitbred, AA
Advance lead -- David Bayloff
UTenn Sports Information Office: 615-974-1212
PAGE
1
LEVEL 1 - 5 OF 51 STORIES
Copyright 1992 Gannett Company, Inc.
USA TODAY
July 27, 1992, Monday, FINAL EDITION
SECTION: LIFE; Pg. 2D
LENGTH: 123 words
HEADLINE: Briefly
KEYWORD: CELEBRITY GOSSIP
...
1992 Commitment to Life Award from AIDS Project Los Angeles at a Nov. 18
gala.
... Country singer T.G. Sheppard, 48, is set to marry Leah MacLaine, 25,
today somewhere in Nevada.
...
What does Coach's Craig T. Nelson do on his
...
The Associated Press, November 9, 1990
GATLINBURG, Tenn. (AP) - Country music singer T.G. Sheppard was afraid the
fish wouldn't bite during filming for a cable TV show - 50 he took a few extras
with him.
Turns out he didn't need to.
Sheppard brought some rainbow trout with him on the Little Pigeon River
Thursday while filming the fishing show for The Nashville Network, but he caught
his own fish and didn't have to use them.
The singer dubbed the unofficial ambasador of tourism for this southeastern
Tennessee city moved here in 1987 and owns a restaurant-bar and a bed and
breakfast inn.
His recordings include the songs "I Loved 'Em Every One" and "Slow Burn."
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In city of Knowrille - how many (what % of
working population) make $36,000 /yr. or more.
Jim Easton,
Cong Duncan fice
John J.
Cong. Duncan nickname Jimmy ?4
Ask Georgekorda:
re: Mayor
any funny stones about
1990
$35kor more
170,000 families
71,977
42.4% make over 35K
as families
Knox County served in Desert Storm
knoxulle News- Sentinel hopes we
can use Gore article
TEI
Son 28'02 12.10 No D
200
QUAYLE
92
FAX COVER SHEET
Date: 9/26/92
TO: Carol Arhus
DATE
Organization: White House
Fax Number: 456-6218
ARTICLE?
FROM: left Taylor, Research
n
Number of Pages to Follow: 3
Tues. 9/22/92
Phone Number:
Comments: WAshington Times erticle requested of
Cong. Quiller's office
If all pages are not received, please call (202) 336-7817.
1030 15th St. NW. Washington, DC 20005
Paid for by Bush-Quayle 92 General Committee, Inc.
Printed on Recycled Paper
Sep 28'92 12:10 No. 018 THE P.02
TEL:
an
Soviet Union At a glacial pace will
emains
imrgely
option that is being considered."
unchanged despite
Gridwide
work Instead on stemming the
revolution of the lake
Mr. Bush said he will beek major
years
spread of weapons technology and
changes at another child of the Cold
The most dramatic
helping military plants retool for cl-
builined
War, the U.S. Arms Control and Dis-
in his speech to the United Nations
vilian production.
armament Agency (ACDA).
ident Bush
General Assembly was an an-
Taken together, his antiounce-
securibly
nounceinent that the US vericy for
see AID, page A8
ments appear to represent a realiza-
oreign aid.
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will be fundamental and redically
policy priorities have to change. but
President Bush offers to foster a
world peacekeeping anny. A3.
City
Sold
down the
river?
Gore not so green,
say some at home
By Michael Hedges
THE WASHINGTON TIMES
Al Gore, running for vice pres-
ident as an environmentalist, sold
out the interests of a rural Tennessee
county concerned about river pollu-
tion to pursue his presidential ambi-
tions in 1988. according to environ-
mentalists and residents there.
"We simply cannot get any help
from Al Gore," said Gay Webb. a
hardware store owner in Newport,
Tenn., who has been active in efforts
to clean up the Pigeon River. "Some
of the worst pollution anywhere is in
his home state in Cocke County, Ten-
nessee."
Cindie Runnion. treasurer of the
Dead Pigeon River Foundation. an
environmental group, Agreed: "Al
Gore hAs done nothing to help 118
unless we
pushed him or
threatened to
CAMPAIGN
publicly embar-
rass him."
"He is right
out front on the
rain forests and other issues outside
the United States when It won't cost
him any political votes." she said.
"But I don't consider him an environ-
mentalist At all."
Mr. Gore's name has surfaced in A
multimillion dollar lawsuit brought
by a group of landowners on the Pl.
geon River who are suing Champion
International Corp., R large paper
company in western North Carolina.
The landowners alleged that envi-
on their badget
Photos by Gien Stubbe the Washington Times
WHO was fatally shot early Saturday.
ronmental violations by the com-
pany in North Carolina reduced
their property values across the bor.
der in East Tennessee.
Mr. Gore wrote a letter to the En-
vironmental Protection Agency on
Nov. 10. 1987, asking it to consider 8
Champion proposal concerning dis-
charge into the Pigeon River that
WAS less stringent than the agency's
guideline.
"This offer is. in my view. highly
WAS
TEL:
Sep
28'92
12:11 No 018 P.03
we simply cannot get any help
from AL Gore." said Gay Webb. &
hardware store owner in Newport,
Tenn who has been active in efforts
in clean up the Pigeon Riven Some
of the worst pollution any where is in
his home state in Cocke County, Ten.
nessee."
Cindie Runnion Treasurer of the
Dead Pigeon River Foundation. an
environmental group, agreed: "At
Gore has done nothing to help us
unles we
pushed him or
threatened to
CAMPAIGN
publicly embar-
russ him
'He 18 right
out front on the
rain forests and other issues outside
the United States when it won't cost
him any political votes." she said.
But don't consider him an environ.
mentalist at all."
Mr. Gore's name has surfaced in a
multimillion-dollar lawsuit brought
by A group of landowners on the Pl.
goon River who are suing Champion
International Corp., R large paper
company in western North Carolina.
ands on that
Chorate early Saturday,
The landowners alloged that enxi-
pany in North Carolina reduced
their property values ac OSS the bor-
der in East Tennessee
Mr. Gore wrote a letter to the En
vironmental Protection Agency on
n'
Nov. 10. 1987 sking it to consider a
Champion proposal concerning dis.
charge into the Pigeon River that
was less stringent than the agency's
guideline.
"This offer is, in my view, highly
officer was
shot in the
significant. as It is better than any
previous offer from the company."
each other
Mr. Gore wrote. "It is my hope that
if a housing
all parties Involved will sit down
n District
and get serious about solving this
is Sunday
problem, cleaning up the river, and
tin the foot
ensuring that not one job at the mill
id officers
is lost."
wn.
Maria Romash, a spokeswoman
at Western
for Mr. Gore, said the letter to the
terdny and
EPA reflected Mr. Gore's belief that
1s around
Champion had sincerely changed its
of Officer
policies and was serious about clean.
being shot
ing up the river.
#
bad
the back door of the Western District
But Tennessee environmentalista
police station, where Office worked the 4 p.m.-to-midnight shift
said they believe Mr. Gore had been
Influenced by Champion to change
plan. his mind and support the company's
12
Family-style viewing
A memorandum written by
Champion company executives Indi-
cated Mr. Gore would back a com-
pany move to lessen federal stan-
Single moms join Quayle for 'Murphy'
dards on discharge pumped into the
river in return for the support of
will buy
North Carolina officials in the 1988
952
By Red Dreher
in Adams Morgan to the Quayles for
the hour-long season premiere of
state presidential primary, attorneys
and Anne Gowen
For the landowners said.
THE WASHINGTON TIMES
"Murphy Brown" said such adjec-
"The bottom line is, Senator Gore
tives are better applied to Hollywood
31-3.6
Dan Quayle didn't have to endure
producers.
wanted to he president and therefore
C1-10
his from TVS Mur-
"They have been totally Irrespon-
we've got him." said Don Barrett. an
E4
phy Brown alone last night. The vice
sible. When children are born out of
attorney for the landowners, de-
43.6
president plopped down in front of
wedlock in the black community, it's
scribing in federal court in Greene-
the tube with his wife, Marilyn, and
a sure-fire recipe for poverty," said
ville, Tenn., what company execu-
8/80
six single parents to hear himself
tives said in the memo.
21.6
HEB
condemned as simple-minded, cyni-
Miss Brown. who is black. "AIDS is
cal and uncaring.
rampant in the black community.
Lawyers on both sides of the case
could not talk outside the courtroom
IGIN,
nameo Brown Zora Brown who
opened her one bedroom apartment
"Equal
time"
donime
nave
10!
single
moin-
The si
sein student 10. elephant to
ers. who work hard to do their best
thanked
ISSUE C. single parenting
Inc as-yet-unnamed "Baby Brown,"
for their children, often against the
that, with
rathers and presented sin
out of context and trivializing it."
saying in a handwritten note dated
odds." Mr. Quayle wrote "President
donate the
21e motnerhood as "just another life-
Over the summer. "Murphy
Friday that the fictional infant had
Bush and I want to do everything
homeless
style choice."
Brown" creator Diane English
spurred an important discussion on
possible to make sure you and all
Mr. Qu
GORE
Champion
PRIVILEGED
All
From page Al
Champion international Corporation
To:
Date:
From par
In the memo, obtained by The
File
Washington Times, a company ex-
March 19, 1987
Mr. Bu
From
other nati
ecutive wrote that Sen. Terry San-
Subject.
ford, North Carolina Democrat. be-
Ben Bilus
General A:
Canton - NIDES
low surt.
lieved Mr. Gore would back
EPA
Meeting
Champion's plan to avoid more strin-
require the
gent government pollution reg-
ulations.
Be expects to change
ously at ou
how we con
"He [Sen. Sanford) expects to
Gore's position to one where be would publicly kick and
fairs." he sa
change Gore's position to one where
scream about the new, less-stringent permit but would
Foreign
he would publicly kick and scream
give the signal to Lee Thomas and Jack Ravan that be had
litely, but se
28
about the new, less-stringent permit.
no real opposition to it.
American
but would give the signal [to EPA
them about1
Sep
officials] that he had no real opposi-
Washington
tion to it," the memo said.
In fact. th
"The bottom line for Gore is that
Nick believes that the bottom line for Gore is that be
made with a:
be wants to be president and that,
wants to be President and that; when be runs, he'll need
have never
when he runs, he'll need a solid
Democratic South and he'll need the
a solid Democratic South and he'll need the help of the
and now
help of the Democratic senator from
Democratic Senator from North Carolina, Senator Sanford.
Top camp:
Bush to mas
North Carolina, Senator Sanford."
So, Sanford has more leverage on Gore than might seem
his speech
the memo added. "So Sanford has
apparent.
officials obje
more leverage on Gore than might
Nations is th:
seem apparent"
AID itself 1
A company lobbyist was sched-
A 1987 internal memorandum from a large North Carolina paper company indicated the steps taken to ensure Sen.
sue, criticized
uled to meet with Mr. Gore in March
AI Gore would go along with plans to lessen federal standards on discharge pumped into Tennessee's Pigeon River.
ciency and an
1987, to pitch Champion's needs, the
feasance. Cor
memo said.
dozens of ama
Mr. Gore wrote his letter to the
Miss Romash said Mr. Gore does
in his letter to the EPA would have
Seay said, "There is a lot I could tell
legislation to e
EPA in November 1987, four months
not remember meeting with a
allowed Champion to continue to
you about AI Gore, but we are going
projects are a
before the North Carolina primary,
Champion lobbyist on the date the
pump discharge into the river that
to stand by our senator even though
But the main
which he won. But his presidential
memo said a meeting was sched-
was coffee colored and offensive
be wouldn't stand by us."
Mr. Bush and a
campaign SOUD fizzled.
uled. "I think it never happened. The
smelling, according to residents.
agency's progra
TEL:
David Craft, a spokesman for
sense is that that memo is a lobby-
"One of the reasons it is a poor
Mr. Seay co-founded the Dead Pi-
decades past to
Champion, said on advice of attor-
ist's fantusy of what is going to hap-
county is the 40-mile open sewer
geon River Foundation He said the
nations tilted
neys be could not comment on the
pen." she said.
running through it that the Pigeon
not Moscow.
lawsuit. He could neither confirm
On the general issue of cleaning
River has become." Mr. Webb said.
group met recently and voted on
nor deny that a meeting between Mr.
up the Pigeon River, Miss Romash
Some environmental groups in
whether or not to make a critical
If you go the
Gore and a company lobbyist de-
said: "The senator's record is clear
the area are cautious about attack-
you a year to &
scribed in the memo ever occurred.
He has been a strong, longtime sup-
statement as a group about Mr. Gare.
ing Mr. Gore, a potential vice pres-
senior White 6th
Mr. Sanford could not be reached
porter of those efforts."
ident.
"We've decided not to talk about ia,"
Mr. Bush law
for comment.
The proposal backed by Mr. Gere
Tennessee environmentalist Bob
be said.
agency when the
ENVOY
DRAFT
From page Al
From page Al
rence McDonald. a conservative
Mr Bush challenged Mr Cinton
Georgia Democrat. was among the
to say whether he still
victims.
Last
week,
Mr.
Yeltsin
9/29 stop
KNOXVILLE, TN
David Bayloff
who will intro POTUS
other band playing w/ Heritage
time of remarks
12:10pm
Naomi Jadd
will intro POTUS
will c/b
615-521-2065
upm
George Korda
unemployment rate; this month 5-6%
who famous fromknoxville?
any funny stones about the Mayor
- -really mention Vols 4-0 record
- don't mention coach/surgery
not everyone is glad hes back coaching.
Just have POTUS say he's gladhis healthy etc.
Mayor is cheap,
penny pincher
squeezes pennies so hand, it bringstears
to Lincoln's eyes.
alex Haley, knoxville was his adopted home
actor DavidKeith, man who hanged himself
Roy acuff, from Knowaste
Dolly Pacton,
Helding
Senereville, home town
right outside Krille
John Water, Ch-of TVA
recently appointed by POIUS
re:Mayour=
Pres. Commission on american Urban Jamilies
mayor is on that Commission
Board of Dir. us conf of Mays
Nat'l League of Cities
Ches. of the Mayors $ local officials
of
anecdotes:
walks Intract w/ community
every month, he does neighborhood
Desert Storm
TN
active soldiers 13,000 499
reservists
7,917
activated for
Gulf was
4,260 of
went to Gulf
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
September 28, 1992
MEMORANDUM FOR BOB ZOELLICK
son
FROM:
STEVE PROVOST
52
RE:
Tomorrow's Speeches
Upon reflection, my problem with the insults about Governor
Clinton's draft record is that it will drag the media away from
his middle-class tax increase, which matters more to the voters.
Plus, it is rather heavy-handed.
MASTER
Presidential Remarks
Bristol, TN
Sept. 28, 1992
8:00 p.m.
(Thank you's and acknowledgements)
It's great to be in Big Orange Country.
May I say a special thank you to your entertainment this
morning -- the Volunteer High School Marching Band.
This campaign, like every campaign, is about a simple
question: what kind of America do we want -- for the young people
here today?//
I'll tell you what kind of America I want. I want an
America that is a military superpower and the greatest economic
superpower in the world -- revered for our jobs and our workers.
I have laid out my Agenda for American Renewal -- a
specific, comprehensive, integrated agenda for America, the to
create the world's first $10 trillion economy.
I believe I am uniquely qualified to lead America into this
new world economy. My opponent's international experience
Wash Hedges Times
consists of leading demonstrations in XX a foreign country against
Mike
his own government. I want to use my experience to lead America
-- to open new foreign markets because that is the way we create
new jobs. 11
If our nation is going to compete, we must make changes here
at home.
Small business will create 2/3rds of the new jobs in the new
economy. Governor Clinton promises small business higher taxes
2
and more red tape -- I promise small business relief -- from
taxation, regulation and litigation. 11
I say pass term limits -- and give Congress back to the
people.
These are just some of my ideas -- some of what I'm fighting
for.
I'm proud of my record, and I'll stand by it in November.
But if Candidate Clinton wants to talk about the past, I say okay
-- let's look at what's been going on in Arkansas. The people of
Arkansas are decent and hard-working. But the more you know
about the Governor the more you know that he's wrong for America.
We want to take back our streets from the crackheads and
the criminals./
Candidate Clinton talks tough, but listen to this.
In
Arkansas, the average criminal serves just one-fifth of his
McNuely
Paul
sentence -- then he's let back out on the streets.
Paul
Compare that to our federal prisons today. The average
McNulty
inmate serves 85 percent of his sentence. When it comes to
crime, I'm not much for leniency and compassion. If you steal a
car or beat an elderly woman -- you ought to go to jail. I say
you shouldn't be let out, until you're eligible for a birthday
salute from Willard Soott. 11
But don't ask me whose tough on crime. Ask the police in
Little Rock, Arkansas. The cops who know Bill Clinton best, have
endorsed me -- as the best candidate for President of the United
States. //
Record
3
Arknofield 4/22/92
It's the same thing on every issue. Governor Clinton says
he's for civil rights, but Arkansas doesn't have a basic civil
Springfielder
rights law. He says he's for a clean environment but the
Institute for Southern Studies ranked Arkansas 50th -- dead last
-- in environmental policies. Bill Clinton says he's for high
tech -- but Arkansas has been falling behind in high school.
Seventy-five percent of their graduates spend their first year of
college in remedial education.
As Governor of Arkansas, Bill Clinton raised and extended
X
Hawests
the sales tax, including a tax on baby formula, vegetables and
other groceries. He raised the gas tax, and even taxed mobile
homes and cable T.V.
Now, Governor Clinton says he's seen the light. In this
campaign, he's proposing at least $150 billion in new taxes --
plus at least $220 billion in new spending. But don't vorry, he
says -- I'll get it all from the rich -- people who make it over
$200,000 -- the top 2 percent.
But here's the truth. To get the money he needs for his
people
plan, the $150 billion he's promised in new taxes, Governor
Delet
reve
Train ect
Clinton would have to get his money from every individual with
taxable income over $36,600. That's just the start of his tax
campaign against the middle-class. Governor Slinton hasn't said
David
Javie
how he'll pay for any of his new programs. He'd need hundreds
of billions dollars more to pay for all his promises. [so he'll
have tax collectors working overtime, to go after every working
man and woman in America.]
Governor Clinton has not come up with
enough revenues in his tax plan to
pay for all his new programs,
NEXIS
There's an old saying. "When you hunt ducks, you go where
(By the way, Governor Clinton raised duck David
the ducks are.
hunting fees in Arkansas.) Bill Clinton is hunting for ways to Tell
pay for all his promises -- and he's going to go to the middle
class -- because that's where the money is.//
Don't take my word for it, listen to the newspaper from his
own back yard, The Pine Bluff Commercial Here's what has they say:
rainhes
"If Congress followed the example that tax Bill Clinton would set as
Governor of Arkansas it would pass a program that a hit the
middle-class the hardest."
Now, I don't think that Pine Bluff paper is bluffing. Let
De give you one example. Let's say you are a third grade teacher
Train
- with about $22,000 a year in taxable income. Governor Clinton
Marysuille
could have you fork over another $430 bucks a year to the tax
man. And I say you ought to be able to use that money to pay for
your kid's education, or pay the mortgage on the house, not send
it back to the IRS.//
Now, when I add up all Governor Clinton's promises and point
out the truth -- he says, "hey, forget my record. Forget the
facts. I'm a different kind of Democrat."
But what's different about him? George McGovern -- Bill
Nanabbs
Clinton ran Texas for him in '72. He learned his liberalism
there. Jimmy Carter -- Bill Clinton's wearing the same moderate
costume. At least Carter believed it. Michael Dukakis -- Bill
Clinton nominated him, and praised the Massachusetts Miracle
right before the Massachusetts economy collapsed./
New york jul Times 199 Bill ,Sertoger
5
Clinton is trying to sell you a line about some so-
Sept
called "Third Way" to help the economy. You and I know there's a
right way and a wrong way. We don't need a President who invents
a third way to avoid choosing.
(Bill Clinton is good at this smooth talk. That's how he
convinced a good hearted Colonel in the Arkansas ROTC to get some
less sophisticated boy to take his place in the draft line. (At
least I agree with my opponent on one military topic he had no
business being an officer in the United States Army.)
Then there was Bill Clinton's principled stand on both sides
Aug
of the Gulf War -- when he said -- "I guess I would have voted
with the majority if it was a close vote, but I agree with the
Acceptars Speech 17,499 M,
arguments the minority made.
Trib
One day Bill Clinton tells the people of Arkansas he 11
Star April7A April 16, 1992 never campaign. run fór President, the next (year) North hé announces American his
Enid, 19/17/92 ok
One day he says he's for the Free Trade
when I have a definitive ODINOR I'll say So.
Dage
Agreement, then says Hat haven't hasp't made up my mind yet." One day
Bill Clinton says the middle-class deserves a tax break, the next
day he's plotting new ways to hit the middle-class to pay for all
his programs.
If Bill Clinton ever became President -- and he won't --
we'd have to replace the American Eagle -- with a chameleon.
Bill Clinton wants you to believe America will be better if
you turn full control of your paycheck over to the crew that
already runs the Congress -- he wants the tax and spend
6
government planners to have total control over the Executive
Policy Review 1987
Branch, too.
Sungeritastion
They tried this when President 12.5% Ford faced difficulties, and
you ended up with inflation of -- and rising interest rates
Pagele geat. 41
and a misery index over 21 percent.
It took years to wring inflation and high interest rates out
of the American economy. Our workers and businesses paid the
price.
At this time in our history, I don't think we can take the
risk.
You see, I've been in the Oval Office, I've faced the tough
decisions.
I've made some mistakes and I've admitted them.
But I believe I've been a good leader -- willing to make the
tough calls -- I'm a leader whose ideas are right for America.
I stand before you today, asking for your vote so I can get
on to fix what's broke in this country.
America changed the world, and I know it's time to change
things at home, too: health care reform, job training, term
limits, tax relief for small businesses -- and all the rest of my
Agenda to create jobs and make America an economic superpower in
the '90s.
If you want someone who has a statistic for every problem -
- cast your vote for the other guy.
But if you are looking for a leader of experience, a leader
of ideas, a leader who shares your values, a leader who
7
understands that America's real strength is not in government,
but in places like Bristol -- than I know I can count on your
support -- on November 3rd.
Thank you very much. God Bless the United States of
America.
Who did TNwhip last Sat.
Misery index - over 20%
or at 20%
af -Cincinnati
Bearcats
1988
1990
May, May
at
21%
JDFoster, CEA
X
5084
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
28-Sep-1992 05:37pm
TO:
Christina M. Martin
FROM:
Carol B. Aarhus
Office of Communications
SUBJECT: Knoxville
Just a few notes about the Knoxville stop, that you may want to
add in the acknowledgements section:
** Mayor Ashe is on the President's Commission on America's Urban
Families; as well as the Board of Directors of the U.S. Conference
of Mayors.
** Congressman Duncan's press secretary believes it would be a
good move to mention the Tenneseeans who served in Desert Storm.
There were 13,499 active soldiers, and 7,917 reservists activated
for the war from the State of Tennessee. We should just have the
President take a moment to thank them for their service.
** Naomi Judd will introduce the President.
** There will be another band playing with Heritage H.S. Band.
The lead (David Bayloff) didn't have that information, but said
he'd have it by tomorrow morning. Are you going to call from the
plane to get it, or do you want me to call from here tomorrow
morning? RSVP
Call if you need anything else.
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
28-Sep-1992 02:13pm
TO:
Steven D. Provost
FROM:
Carol B. Aarhus
Office of Communications
SUBJECT: Alcoa/Knoxville
Steve, here is some Knoxville/Alcoa color:
Acknowledgements: Lamar Alexander. Congressman John "Jimmy"
Duncan. Former Senator Howard Baker. Mayor of Knoxville,
Victor Ashe. T.G. Sheppard, male country singer. Naomi
Judd. It has not been decided yet who will intro POTUS.
I'm placing bets that it might be the mayor. He and POTUS
are good friends.
The Heritage High School Band will be playing the honors, etc.
along with another band. They haven't decided on the
second band yet.
The University of Tennesee Volunteers ("Vols") are 4 and 0 right
now. The community is really pumped up about this. Their
next game is Saturday, October 3, against LSU, in Baton
Rouge. Their next home game is Saturday, October 10
against Arkansas.
NOTE: Congressman Duncan's office suggested we mention
Coach Johnny Majors, who just underwent bypass
surgery, and is now back on the coaching lines.
Citizens Against Government Waste just named Congressman Duncan a
"Superhero" for being one of six Congressmen with a 100%
voting record against wasteful spending bills.
Re: Clinton's middle class taxes -- In Knoxville, 42.4% of the
families make more than $35,000. That figure comes from
the 1990 Census and is the most current number available.
Potential event problem: The airport is in Alcoa, TN -- outside
Knoxville right across from the Alcoa aluminum plant.
Earlier this spring, a decision was made to reduce plant
size by 450 people - a permanent restructuring. It was
part of a larger business plan to reduce costs. Alcoa
offered early retirement incentives to both salaried and
wage-earning employees, and nearly 250 accepted that offer.
Some employees were transferred. Approximately 130
employees were laid off, effective July 1. This
restructuring affected mostly union employees. Alcoa
currently employs a total of 2,750 and is one of the
largest private-sector employers in the area. Just FYI.
Both the advance lead and Gary Foster have been made aware
of this.
** END OF MEMO **
MEMORANDUM
COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS
September 28, 1992
TO:
J. D. FOSTER
FROM:
DARRYL WILLS X3517
SUBJECT: Household and family incomes
In 1991, median income for all households was $30,126. For
family households, the figure was $36,404, while median income for
families was $35,939. The reason for the slight difference in
income between family households and families is due to the
definition of a family household. Family households are households
maintained by a family but which may contain unrelated persons. The
income of these persons is counted in the measure of family
household income but not in the measure of family income.
MONEY INCOME 1991 CAMEONT FEN NEEKS AGE, CHRRENT POP.
FAMILES AND PERSONS
OF HOMSEHOLDS, SURVEY
INUS
Clarksville Chamber of Commerce
WMS.
Alicia
maj of Base Cu Clarksville, Montg, Co,
Post office is actually ky
little bit sinsative
Ft. Campbell a 30,000 on Post; 75,000 in city, 100,000 in Co-
not including Post
dependents- -
1784 founded - honor Clarksville Geo. Rogers Clark - Rev. was Hero
Oldest puper Leaf Chronich oldest paper WTN (1808)
no official motto
Austin Peay State Unir "The Governors"
5/3 Sd. miles Co :- 75 pq. Mr 500 A. Sea 101.
Cost of living index 91,8%
City Co.
90 of households
,000
median income
10-19,000
29%27
20-34,000 30
9.29
Unem 45%
35 - 50, 000 13
14
50+-
9.4
9.6
Base, Unive big emphy
brond
$2/- city
Josten's
21,000 in city limits
$21,500 Co
ACME BOOT HQ/ = cutting back (JSB) have
800 engloyees
TRANE 1,200 eng loys
lot hunt / fishing - River town Cumberland, Red Roind
this
TIVE SERRA ceramics open robolties Bass, Crappie, Catifish
Hilly county - gratty alling
last weekend River Fest 1 boat races, buy music bands
Queen of Clarksúine nuerboat ants b wafts
Aeam - denner ciris Fri/sat Sightson work
grow along Riverbarks
Mc oregor Park- -
Wilma Resldoph
Austin Peays
Jeff Punis
whole lot follow his racing
FORD
1hr. back - - from us - -
Dum Center 12
Bands fonfare 1:30
Crystal Gale sing
2pm Remails
23 schools; growb 1,800 students/yr. building program;
Museum
Montgony Co. Museum -
some Civil was relics
historic homes/ Churches
"the Queen City of the Cumberland"
Co. seat
250 mi 1 from pop. anter of US.
15 m from Nashville
- Red 3 white Colovs
Austin Peay -(denucrat?)
ld. gov. of TN - -
Ge. Peay fain still here
grandson a judge there
incarcerated be
Ely Williams from 70- NY
The Red Barn
in 1972 -
The House that
Fly Builf"
Shervie Dooher 1 DUNN CENTER -
he course do Q all
Blogan 'Let's go Peay chant-
written on flurs to shirts
(RICK JUDT (yute) 7 bball player
OVC Player of year Soph,
Ohio Valley Cont player yr. last yr.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
Bill Hamson
≈ 19, 000 Soldriers deployed]
n 17,000 ine devision - -Eother
units supporting disision
)
1942- est. - Comp Campbell- -
and mobilization station for
5,000 National Grand Reservsts
and us Anong
9miles to Ansta Peay
Ralph Peny ]
up
office
Reagan Dem. 100,000 pop.
Washine Meda Mr.
Scutto the Desert
Ff. Campbell - 1018 Aerborne "Screaming Troups Eagles, rapid deployment
4th largest city in TN.
Montgomey Co.
Military presence
lg, retured military presence
Middle Tennessee
theme
peace through strength, won the cold war; responsible downsize
changing world;
Ft, Campbell is growing
traditional Democrat/ Democrat - Gore country Populist Democrat
East TN Ind Republicam Chat to knoxevlle la. Lamar Alex. / How Baher]
your ail war
Middle Andrew Jackson
West Dixie Crats - crossover voters
rural W.TN Reagan Demecrat.-
ACME BOOT PLANT MAY CLOSE AT END OF JR. 400 JOBS
TEXTILES AREA
PARTNERSHIP BTWN. comm $ MULTARY
AG IMPORTANT- TOBACCO,
CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
BARBARA RATCHFORD 615-647-2331
FT. DONALDSON CWILL WAR - GRANT CAPTURED THENON TO NASHVILLE
CHEYNEY VISITED 9/3/92 n/ Cong. well receive
Austin Pey State lleni. - the Governors" ]
" Clarksville Leaf Chronicle" Gefune Washer 615-552-1808
favorable miss coverage
pro-militan,
Nashville press will not be kind; "The Banner" endorsed Clinton in Jan.
supplemental approp. extra somihin for multy dreas that have
seen growth
veterans/ military
- free trade cuts both ways- ag good, textile bad
ED WILKNANE
LEAD ADVANCE - Cell phone
(202)-494-9828
SITE CRAIE RAY a SLTE
JANE FIELD
THE DUNN CENTER BASKETBALL ARENA
[AUSTIN PEAY (APSU) STATE UNIV. "THE GOVENORS"
Sat-
won by 5 pts. SOUTH EAST MISSOURI STATE "INDIANS"
ARRWE
21-16 615-
REMARK
ATHLETIC OFF. 648-7903
first Rd. win
-6111
NOV. 12, 1988
ROPE
SE MO"
Coach Gregory
1
CRYSTAL GALE
Shemic
A
NAOMI JUDO -INTRO POTUS
Ula Gardner Dowdy
volunteer 1 in office
Shevie Booker grad student
2pm muts
How cloes Homistcal 16enl Child Stay
arross
TN
(5n6) airport Mally
8pm
local angles
POTUS into
middle class tayes
get local w/ bie, champles
+
above
($36,600)
Country music muser
Naomi Judd on plane intro Porus
Bustol - Gary
KNOX Card
Chat Jun
Clarksville
JB
7th Distrit Rep. Don Sundquist
Nashvive Michele
225-2811
[ED MURNANE]
ErMes for contacts]
RALPH Perrey press sec.- -
Murnane/Kae
= 3:45 pm
= 5-6,000 from Clarksville
Crystal Gayle -singing b4 he comes on stage
Naomi Thidd - into Porus
shcool bands - 5- Austin Peay band sented behind
- in could f play him F// the stage
ED
program strangutford
The local Intertainess
Feped Landess - was going 2 6 enice for pre program
Alexander, Bake, ang Sunquist, Conq. Dancan
Unis Pres. Dr. oscar Page
Applitic Dr. -
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27TH STORY of Level 1 printed in FULL format.
Copyright 1992 The Time Inc. Magazine Company
Money
September, 1992
SECTION: BEST PLACES; Pg. 110
LENGTH: 4314 words
HEADLINE: The Best Places to Live in AMERICA
BYLINE: BY MARGUERITE T. SMITH AND DEBRA WISHIK ENGLANDER; Reporter associates:
Lynn Adkins, Lynn Haessly, Scott Hidula, Jacquelyn Mitchard, Elizabeth Roberts,
Kathy Titchen and Ami Walsh
BODY:
In many places this year, it's been a time of coping and hoping. But there
are surprising pockets of prosperity, most of them tucked in the nation's
heartland, virtually untouched by recession's icy hand. Our sixth annual survey
of the 300 largest U.S. metropolitan areas reveals that the most livable locales
tend to be in the Great Plains and other parts of the Midwest as well as Texas,
where jobs have been growing and housing remains affordable. Our No. 1 pick,
displacing last year's winner, Provo/Orem, Utah: Sioux Falls, S.D. (pop.
123,000).
Sioux who? Sioux City? No, that's Iowa (and No. 149). This former COW
town, nestled in the southeastern corner of the state, has one of the most
diverse and robust economies (recent unemployment rate: 2.6%) anywhere in the
U.S. Had a problem with your Citibank credit card? A Sioux Falls rep on an 800
line probably took care of it, since Citi does more than 50% of its credit-card
processing there. In fact, in the past decade, the Sioux Falls metro area has
emerged as a center for national back-office bank operations and a regional
stronghold for health care and retailing. What's more, the Snoopy and Spiderman
helium balloons in the Macy's Thanksgiving Day parade are created at Aerostar
International, a local start-up.
Perhaps the main attractions are not what Sioux Falls has but what it lacks:
pollution, traffic congestion, violent crime and state and city income taxes.
"South Dakota in general - and Sioux Falls in particular - has made a cottage
industry of attracting firms fed up with high tax loads elsewhere," says
economist Mark Zandi of Regional Financial Associates, a forecasting firm in
West Chester, Pa. "It's a moderate-size city that has retained a small-town
atmosphere," notes Don Seten, 34, an urban planner who took a 14% pay cut last
year to leave Breckenridge, Colo. and return here. (For why one family loves
Sioux Falls, see the box at left.)
The prairie city's strong showing reflects the shifting strength of the
nation's regional economies. In 1987, seven of our top 10 places were in the
Northeast. Now, only two winners are situated east of the Mississippi. Most
are small or medium-size and, continuing a pattern that emerged last year, five
of our top 10 are college communities with low housing prices and
recession-resistant economies: Columbia, Mo.; Austin; Provo/Orem; Gainesville,
Fla.; and Madison, Wis. The rest of the best: Minneapolis/St. Paul; Fargo,
N.D.; San Francisco; and Honolulu. Provo/Orem slipped from No. 1 to No. 8 as
its economy cooled a bit. Geneva Steel there laid off 70 workers, for
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example. (Profiles of the top five places, with phone numbers for the local
chambers of commerce, appear beginning on page 117.)
Our basic survey methodology remains unchanged. First, we asked a
representative sample of 254 MONEY subscribers (median age: 44; median household
income: $ 71,760) what they value in a place to live. Specifically, they rated
the importance of 44 factors ---- ranging from a low crime rate to sunny weather
to low local income taxes - on a scale of 1 to 10. For the second consecutive
year, our readers' top priorities were (in descending order): clean water, low
crime, clean air, abundant medical care and a strong local government. Next WE
collected the most timely data available on each of the 300 largest U.S. metro
areas. Unemployment figures are for February; crime data are from 1990.
Century 21, the national real estate brokerage, again provided an exclusive list
of prices and property taxes for a typical three-bedroom home in each area, plus
appreciation from a year ago. The year's hottest housing markets: Waco, Texas
(up 19%); Spokane (18%) and Green Bay (17%).
Then, with the help of Fast Forward, a Portland, Ore. computer consulting
firm, we consolidated our subscribers' preferences into nine broad categories
such as economy and crime, and awarded points to each metro area depending on
how well it delivered on the attributes readers said they wanted in each
category. Finally, to discover attractions or drawbacks that our data might
have missed, our reporters visited the top five and bottom five places.
In our continuing effort to improve the rankings, we added new data this
year. Notably, we included:
* State fiscal strength. Metro areas lost points in the 36 states whose budgets
were so stretched that they had to raise taxes last year. We also awarded
points based on how well each state's finances ranked in a study by City &
State, a bimonthly trade newspaper.
* Physicians per capita. Leader of the pack, according to the U.S. Census
Bureau: Rochester, Minn. (with 1,698 physicians for each 100,000 residents).
* Hospital death rates. Comparisons were provided by the Center for the Study
of Services, a nonprofit group, in its new book, Consumers' Guide to Hospitals
($ 12; 800-475-7283).
* Environmental report cards. We used rankings from the Green Index ($ 18.95;
800-828-1302), compiled by the Institute for Southern Studies, for the states'
records on overall environmental quality and water pollution.
* Public high school graduation rates. This information from the U.S.
Department of Education provides one measure of school quality.
The places that jumped most in our rankings (northwest New Jersey, up from
199 to 45; central New Jersey, from 192 to 57; and 1987 winner Nashua, N.H.,
from 233 to 100) did 50 largely because of pickups in their depressed economies.
This year's bottom five places are ones with shrinking economies in the
Northeast and the rust belt: Poughkeepsie, N.Y.; Lima, Ohio; Muskegon, Mich.;
Rockford, Ill.; and, at No. 300 for the second year running, Waterbury, Conn.
Unemployment rates in Lima, Muskegon, Rockford and Waterbury peaked at around
12% in February. Poughkeepsie and Waterbury lost 4% of their job base over the
past year, according to the Economic Outlook Center at Arizona State.
Still, in visits to these cities, stirrings of rebirth are evident. In Lima,
Citizens National Bank, the sole locally owned financial institution, opened in
June. Muskegon's SPX Corp. recently razed decaying waterfront buildings to
erect a handsome office complex complete with marina. (The city's promotional
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material now compares Muskegon to San Diego.) Rockford is enjoying an influx of
newcomers fleeing high housing prices in the Chicago suburbs. And in Waterbury,
where in June the former mayor was sentenced to prison for embezzlement, the
city has scored a few modest economic victories. Says Brian Herrman, who is
building a new flooring-manufacturing plant in Waterbury: "It's a city on the
way back. The business climate is 100% better than three years ago."
1. SIOUX FALLS, S.D.
Area population: 123,000
Unemployment rate: 2.6%
Three-bedroom house: $ 86,000
Property tax: $ 1,800
Top state and local income tax: None
Sales tax: 7%
Annual robberies per 100,000 people: 27
Annual sunny days: 210
For more information: 605-336-1620
Sioux Falls is practically a mirror image of the rest of America. Every
business day, while the nation as a whole loses an average of 1,500 corporate
jobs, Sioux Falls creates six new ones. "We could become a big city," muses Rob
Oliver, president of the Sioux Falls branches of Norwest Banks. "There's a
legitimate fear of that."
Not to worry yet. In Sioux Falls, residents still know one another by their
first names. And major-league sports haven't arrived here, though folks often
make the four-hour drive to Minneapolis to catch some action.
Sioux Falls is actually a magnet in its own right. The local 180-store
Empire Mall draws 11 million shoppers a year, many from northwestern Iowa and
southwestern Minnesota. The city has also become a regional health-care center.
Sioux Valley Hospital, in particular, has been cited for its admirably low
mortality rates.
Traditionally, meatpacker John Morrell has been the city's largest employer.
Now Morrell and Citibank share the honors, each with about 2,800 workers. In
the early '80s, Citibank moved its credit-card operations here partly because
the state has no usury limits. Credit divisions of Sears and other banks soon
followed.
A dollar really stretches; living costs are 7% below the national average,
according to the American Chamber of Commerce Researchers Association. At
Minerva's, a popular restaurant, chicken breast with pasta costs only $ 5.95.
You would have trouble finding an authentic sushi bar though: Whites make up
96.8% of the population.
2. COLUMBIA, MO.
Area population: 112,400
Unemployment rate: 3.1%
Three-bedroom house: $ 98,000
Property tax: $ 1,060
Top state and local income tax: 6%
Sales tax: 6.475%
Robberies per 100,000 people: 69
Annual sunny days: 191
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For more information: 314-874-1132
Columbians like to joke that their city has a higher recidivism rate than the
state prison in Jefferson City. And it's true that people who lived here once,
often as students at the University of Missouri ("Mizzou"), hanker to come back
to the Ozark foothills, midway between Kansas City to the west and St. Louis to
the east. Says Tom Smith, 33, who returned in 1985 from San Francisco to start
a communications-software company, Datastorm Technologies (1991 sales: $ 17.5
million), with fellow Mizzou alum Bruce Barkelew: "With our success, WE could be
anywhere. But life in Columbia is 50 pleasant."
The resilient economy rests on three firm pillars: colleges (Mizzou, Stephens
and Columbia), health-care facilities (more than a dozen hospitals and medical
centers) and insurance company regional offices. Since 1985, Columbia has added
more than 15,000 jobs. Although income taxes and sales levies are a mite high,
the cost of living is about 10% below the U.S. metro median and house prices now
run roughly 13% less than the national average. But life here is not just
inexpensive. It's also clean and green. Columbians brag that their city was
the first in the U.S. to pass a recycling deposit law, back in 1977. Like many
university towns, the city tolerates a low-level drug trade. "But we've kept
the gangs out," says chief of police Ernest Barbee.
For a city its size, the population of Columbia is surprisingly diverse. The
92 houses of worship range from the Beth Shalom synagogue to the Islamic Center
mosque. Hickman, the city's largest public high school, currently has a 25%
minority-student enrollment, of which 15% are black and 5% are Asian.
3. AUSTIN
Area population: 781, 600
Unemployment rate: 5.3%
Three-bedroom house: $ 107,000
Property tax: $ 2,340
Top state and local income tax: None
Sales tax: 8%
Robberies per 100,000 people: 204
Annual sunny days: 231
For more information: 512-478-9383
The hilly state capital deep in the heart of Texas has made the MONEY top 10
for two years running (it was ranked No. 9 in 1991). That probably doesn't
surprise the crowd flocking to easygoing Austin, which has added about 2%
annually to the city's population since 1990. According to recently released
U.S. Census Bureau figures, Austin was also the eighth fastest-growing metro
area in the U.S. over the past decade. A full third of the 11,000 students who
graduate from the University of Texas here each year stay put too, often happy
to settle for jobs that are beneath their qualifications. The local joke is
that your plumber probably has a Ph.D.
A well-diversified economy, anchored by UT, routinely keeps Austin's
unemployment rate low. The state employs 55,000 people here, or roughly 12% of
Austin's work force, and Texas hasn't suffered the massive layoffs that 50 many
other state governments have lately. High-tech rules too, especially with the
headquarters of mail-order PC manufacturer Dell Computer (sales: $ 890 million
for the year that ended in February 1992, up 62%), founded by the 27-year-old
phenomenon Michael Dell. This summer, the company was adding 50 staffers a
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week to its 3,500-person work force. And Dell, IBM and Motorola, among local
employers, are expected to hire some of the 1,000 civilians who will lose their
jobs when the Bergstrom Air Force Base closes next September.
Three big Austin draws: low house prices, low taxes and high stepping. You
can buy a luxurious new 3,000-square-foot, four-bedroom home in western Travis
County for less than $ 150,000; an equivalent home on either coast would go for
$ 300,000. And so far, there is no state or local income tax. Meanwhile,
Austin's music scene, with more than 100 live music clubs (from country to R&B),
rivals offerings in much larger cities.
The commute to work? Not a problem. Says Brenda Band, 35, a Dell
human-resources manager who moved here from Chicago last year: "I first thought
it was a joke when I heard the radio announcer talking about a three-minute
traffic jam."
4. MINNEAPOLIS/ST. PAUL
Area population: 2,464, 100
Unemployment rate: 4.5%
Three-bedroom house: $ 130,000
Property tax: $ 1,300
Top state and local income tax: 8.5%
Sales tax: 6.5%
Robberies per 100,000 people: 166
Annual sunny days: 200
For more information: 612-370-9132 (Minneapolis); 612-223-5000 (St. Paul)
It's hard to imagine a more livable big city than this. Make that cities:
Minneapolis (pop. 368,400) and St. Paul (pop. 272,200). Separated by the
Mississippi, the twins are hardly identical. St. Paul, the state capital and
older of the two, features Victorian homes on Summit Avenue and gallery hopping
on nearby Grand Avenue. Big brother Minneapolis has the glass office towers and
Nicollet Mall, an eight-block downtown pedestrian strip featuring four
department stores and, in mild weather, a Thursday farmers' market.
While SO many other large cities struggle with fiscal woes, stable
Minneapolis has a triple-A bond rating. The metropolitan area maintains a solid
employment base, anchored by 15 Fortune 500 industrial companies with local
headquarters, including General Mills, Honeywell and 3M. Parents and children
take education seriously here, as well as in the rest of the state. According
to the Department of Education, Minnesota has the third highest public high
school graduation rate in the U.S.: 89.75%.
Few places in the nation offer a comparable array of arts and leisure
activities. Minneapolis' major contemporary-art museum -- the Walker Art Center
-- and the Guthrie Theater are national institutions. Four pro sports teams
play here, and the University of Minnesota, one of 12 four-year colleges in the
area, sometimes draws sellout crowds when its Gophers hockey team takes to the
ice.
Residents rarely complain about life here. They pooh-pooh the arctic winters
(the temperature can hit -20 deg. F) and are even learning to live with last
year's double-whammy state tax increases: The top income tax rate rose to 8.5%
from 8%, and sales taxes crept up to 6.5% from 6%.
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5. FARGO, N.D.
Area population: 153,300
Unemployment rate: 3.9%
Three-bedroom house: $ 84,500
Property tax: $ 1,400
Top state and local income tax: 12%
Sales tax: 5%
Robberies per 100,000 people: 12
Annual sunny days: 199
For more information: 701-237-5678
Even its most ardent boosters agree that North Dakota has an image problem.
"Newcomers expect to see nothing but frozen tundra," says Kris Hovland-Sheridan,
a local real estate agent. What they find instead in Fargo, on the state's
eastern fringe, are a busy downtown, even busier malls and an awesome arch of
sky overhead.
Fargo (pop. 74,000) and neighboring Moorhead, Minn. (pop. 32,000), which is
part of the same metro area, form a booming regional center for health care and
financial services. Thanks to some of the world's richest soil, however,
companies like Roman Meal Milling and Federal Beef Processing make agribusiness
the area's mainstay. A nascent economic upsurge -- in 1991, housing permits
shot up 39% -- lifted Fargo into our top 10 this year. College students are as
ubiquitous as the wheatfields: 23,000 undergrads attend five local schools,
including North Dakota State University. One special attraction for urban
transplants: personal safety. Fargo has the fourth lowest violent-crime rate of
the areas we analyzed.
Most artistic and cultural activities are home-grown or do-it-yourself,
though the new $ 48 million Fargodome will host touring concerts when it opens
in January. Oh, yes, that Fargo winter, when about 35 inches of snow stack up
and the mercury can dip to -30 deg. F. "The north wind can make things chilly,
so people like to take their vacations then," says Hovland-Sheridan. "But the
rest of the year, there's no reason to leave."
THE TOP 300 PLACES
Last year's ranking appears in parentheses.
1. .Sioux Falls, S.D.
(12)
2. .Columbia, Mo.
(20)
3. .Austin
(9)
4. .Minneapolis/St. Paul
(63)
5. .Fargo, N.D.
(11)
6. .San Francisco
(38)
7. .Honolulu
(27)
8. Provo/Orem, Utah
(1)
9. .Gainesville, Fla.
(41)
10. .Madison, Wis.
(8)
11. .Bremerton, Wash.
(2)
12. .Bryan, Texas
(3)
13. Galveston/Texas City
(13)
14. .Duluth, Minn.
(21)
15. .Oakland
(103)
16. .Houston
(46)
17. .Raleigh/Durham, N.C.
(43)
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18. .Boston
(96)
19. .Phoenix
(39)
20. .Brownsville, Texas
(24)
21. .San Diego
(52)
22. .Seattle
(49)
23. .Waco, Texas
(17)
24. .Tacoma, Wash.
(18)
25. .Tucson
(53)
26. .New Orleans
(23)
27. .Lubbock, Texas
(5)
28. .Kenosha, Wis.
(73)
29. .Monmouth/Ocean counties, N.J.
(158)
30. .Fayetteville, Ark.
(7)
31. .Yakima, Wash.
(25)
32. .Lincoln, Neb.
(10)
33. .Springfield, Mo.
(111)
34. .Los Angeles/Long Beach
(95)
35. .Green Bay
(54)
36. .Laredo, Texas
(29)
37. .Lawton, Okla.
(28)
38. .McAllen, Texas
(26)
39. .San Antonio
(69)
40. Killeen/Temple, Texas
(65)
41. .Tampa/St. Petersburg
(113)
42. .Lafayette, Ind.
(14)
43. .St. Cloud, Minn.
(77)
44. .Tallahassee
(80)
45. .Northwest New Jersey
(199)
46. .Salt Lake City/Ogden
(50)
47. .Spokane
(32)
48. .Cumberland County, N.J.
(100)
49. .Bradenton, Fla.
(90)
50. .Amarillo, Texas
(22)
51. .Norfolk/Virginia Beach
(159)
52. .Milwaukee
(57)
53. .Brazoria, Texas
(55)
54. . Topeka
(79)
55. .Fort Walton Beach, Fla.
(135)
56. .Mobile
(155)
57. .Central New Jersey
(192)
58. .Omaha
(78)
59. .Boise, Idaho
(4)
60. .Las Cruces, N.M.
(35)
61. .Dallas
(42)
62. .San Jose
(154)
63. .Baton Rouge
(40)
64. .Charlottesville, Va.
(124)
65. Rochester, N.Y.
(122)
66. .Riverside/San Bernardino, Calif.
(99)
67. .Las Vegas
(37)
68. .Wilmington
(172)
69. .Eau Claire, Wis.
(51)
70. .Fort Worth/Arlington
(87)
71. .Miami/Hialeah
(133)
72. .Panama City, Fla.
(171)
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73. .Billings, Mont.
(6)
74. .Pittsburgh
(137)
75. Pensacola, Fla.
(151)
76. .Sacramento
(107)
77. .Dothan, Ala.
(104)
78. .Bellingham, Wash.
(68)
79. .Denver
(72)
80. .Monroe, La.
(33)
81. .Northwest Indiana
(64)
82. .New York City
(58)
83. .Ocala, Fla.
(168)
84. .Jacksonville
(183)
85. .Knoxville
(157)
86. .Daytona Beach, Fla.
(128)
87. .St. Louis
(190)
88. .Jacksonville, N.C.
(136)
89. .Orange County, Calif.
(150)
90. .Reno
(34)
91. .Lexington, Ky.
(127)
92. .Tuscaloosa, Ala.
(75)
93. .Montgomery
(146)
94. .Oxnard/Ventura, Calif.
(152)
95. .Syracuse
(116)
96. .Boulder
(74)
97. .Baltimore
(114)
98. .Wichita
(205)
99. * Clarksville, Tenn.
(175)
100. .Nashua, N.H.
(233)
101. .Washington, D.C.
(126)
102. .Memphis
(202)
103. .Santa Fe
(36)
104. .Fort Lauderdale
(167)
105. .Beaumont, Texas
(101)
106. .Bloomington/Normal, Ill.
(48)
107. .Texarkana, Texas
(61)
108. .Biloxi/Gulfport, Miss.
(134)
109. .Appleton/Oshkosh, Wis.
(132)
110. .Charleston, W. Va.
(59)
111. .Orlando
(142)
112. .Jackson, Miss.
(178)
113. .Albuquerque
(76)
114. .Greensboro, N.C.
(234)
115. .Pueblo, Colo.
(30)
116. .Johnson City, Tenn.
(201)
117. .Abilene, Texas
(89)
118. .Louisville
(184)
119. .Athens, Ga.
(112)
120. .Fort Collins, Colo.
(19)
121. .Indianapolis
(117)
122. .Long Island, N.Y.
(97)
123. .Johnstown, Pa.
(106)
124. .Joplin, Mo.
(223)
125. .Midland, Texas
(94)
126. .Lynchburg, Va.
(231)
127. .01ympia, Wash.
(15)
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128. .Mercer County, N.J.
(121)
129. .Sarasota
(164)
130. .Cleveland
(131)
131. .Fayetteville, N.C.
(259)
132. .Portland, Ore.
(60)
133. .Kansas City
(256)
134. .Tyler, Texas
(139)
135. .Orange County, N.Y.
(123)
136. .Akron
(85)
137. .Nashville
(193)
138. .Wilmington, N.C.
(253)
139. .Chicago
(110)
140. .Longview, Texas
(174)
141. .Oklahoma City
(81)
142. .Corpus Christi
(162)
143. .Fort Pierce, Fla.
(188)
144. .Santa Cruz, Calif.
(177)
145. .E1 Paso
(86)
146. .Boston's North Shore
(237)
147. .Fort Myers/Cape Coral, Fla.
(206)
148. .Buffalo
(144)
149. .Sioux City, Iowa
(118)
150. .Racine, Wis.
(98)
151. .Philadelphia
(173)
152. .Cincinnati
(119)
153. .Chattanooga
(218)
154. .Richmond
(282)
155. Wausau, Wis.
(109)
156. .Lakeland, Fla.
(214)
157. .Santa Rosa, Calif.
(145)
158. .Napa Valley, Calif.
(179)
159. Vancouver, Wash.
(45)
160. .Lawrence, Mass.
(285)
161. .Asheville, N.C.
(232)
162. .Fresno
(156)
163. .Muncie, Ind.
(153)
164. .Albany/Schenectady/Troy, N.Y.
(130)
165. .Salem, Ore.
(44)
166. .Colorado Springs
(66)
167. .Lafayette, La.
(62)
168. .Atlantic City
(244)
169. .Wichita Falls, Texas
(148)
170. .Columbia, S.C.
(129)
171. .State College, Pa.
(105)
172. .Birmingham
(170)
173. .Charleston, S.C.
(93)
174. .Atlanta
(141)
175. .Columbus, Ohio
(120)
176. .Hudson County, N.J.
(278)
177. .Odessa, Texas
(160)
178. .Brockton, Mass.
(235)
179. .Alexandria, La.
(47)
180. .Eugene/Springfield, Ore.
(16)
181. .Greeley, Colo.
(67)
182. .Bergen/Passaic counties, N.J.
(242)
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183. .Bridgeport/Milford, Conn.
(265)
184. .Danville, Va.
(263)
185. .Roanoke
(294)
186. .Harrisburg, Pa.
(149)
187. .Detroit
(224)
188. .Florence, Ala.
(185)
189. .Huntington, W.Va.
(115)
190. .Little Rock
(161)
191. .Brevard County, Fla.
(165)
192. .Stamford, Conn.
(83)
193. .Norwalk, Conn.
(216)
194. .Terre Haute, Ind.
(70)
195. .Santa Barbara
(220)
196. .Shreveport, La.
(197)
197. .Pascagoula, Miss.
(277)
198. .Cedar Rapids, Iowa
(241)
199. .Richland, Wash.
(56)
200. .Danbury, Conn.
(204)
201. .Columbus, Ga.
(195)
202. .Lake County, Ill.
(138)
203. .Champaign, Ill.
(71)
204. .Huntsville, Ala.
(225)
205. .Monterey, Calif.
(222)
206. .Lake Charles, La.
(91)
207. .Naples, Fla.
(140)
208. .Anniston, Ala.
(181)
209. .Charlotte, N.C.
(292)
210. Providence
(240)
211. .Portland, Maine
(271)
212. .Utica/Rome, N.Y.
(102)
213. .Fort Smith, Ark.
(126)
214. .Des Moines
(166)
215. .Scranton/Wilkes-Barre
(212)
216. .Medford, Ore.
(84)
217. .Kalamazoo
(226)
218. .Janesville/Beloit, Wis.
(211)
219. .West Palm Beach, Fla.
(251)
220. .Houma/Thibodaux, La.
(31)
221. .Merced, Calif.
(230)
222. "Beaver County, Pa.
(248)
223. .Anchorage
(82)
224. .New Haven
(272)
225. .Ann Arbor
(92)
226. .Lorain/Elyria, Ohio
(163)
227. .Waterloo, Iowa
(147)
228. .Macon
(169)
229. .Hamilton/Middletown, Ohio
(213)
230. .Altoona, Pa.
(207)
231. .Joliet, Ill.
(191)
232. .Binghamton, N.Y.
(196)
233. .Niagara Falls
(210)
234. .Redding, Calif.
(180)
235. .Chico, Calif.
(194)
236. .Decatur, Ala.
(254)
237. .Albany, Ga.
(221)
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13
Money, September, 1992
238. .Southeast New Hampshire
(288)
239. .Wheeling, W.Va.
(88)
240. .Tulsa
(186)
241. .Fort Wayne
(203)
242. .Aurora/Elgin, Ill.
(187)
243. .Burlington, Vt.
(268)
244. .Tulare County, Calif.
(217)
245. .Augusta, Ga.
(239)
246. .Greenville, S.C.
(249)
247. .Springfield, Ill.
(108)
248. .Hartford
(291)
249. .Lowell, Mass.
(280)
250. .Saginaw, Mich.
(284)
251. .Sharon, Pa.
(182)
252. .Savannah
(246)
253. .Erie, Pa.
(260)
254. .Hickory, N.C.
(274)
255. .Springfield, Mass.
(261)
256. .Stockton, Calif.
(245)
257. .Lansing
(269)
258. .New London, Conn.
(270)
259. .Parkersburg, W.Va.
(143)
260. .Dayton/Springfield
(266)
261. .Williamsport, Pa.
(229)
262. .Toledo
(243)
263. Worcester, Mass.
(273)
264. .Allentown/Bethlehem, Pa.
(281)
265. .Modesto, Calif.
(247)
266. .Elkhart/Goshen, Ind.
(208)
267. .Evansville, Ind.
(176)
268. .Steubenville, Ohio
(228)
269. .Grand Rapids
(255)
270. .Bakersfield, Calif.
(276)
271. .South Bend, Ind.
(189)
272. .Florence, S.C.
(250)
273. .Flint, Mich.
(262)
274. .Lancaster, Pa.
(215)
275. .Youngstown, Ohio
(198)
276. .Canton, Ohio
(209)
277. .Reading, Pa.
(283)
278. .York, Pa.
(258)
279. Pawtucket, R.I.
(298)
280. .Anderson, S.C.
(238)
281. .Benton Harbor, Mich.
(252)
282. .Jackson, Mich.
(290)
283. .Peoria
(200)
284. .Anderson, Ind.
(219)
285. .Yuba City, Calif.
(227)
286. .New Bedford, Mass.
(293)
287. .Hagerstown, Md.
(295)
288. .Davenport, Iowa
(236)
289. .Battle Creek
(287)
290 .Fall River, Mass.
(297)
291. .Mansfield, Ohio
(275)
292. .Manchester, N.H.
(296)
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PAGE 14
Money, September, 1992
293. .New Britain, Conn.
(299)
294. .Decatur, Ill.
(257)
295. .Glens Falls, N.Y.
(279)
296. .Poughkeepsie, N.Y.
(286)
297. .Lima, Ohio
(264)
298. .Muskegon, Mich.
(289)
299. .Rockford, Ill.
(267)
300. Waterbury, Conn.
(300)
GRAPHIC: Cover Photo, no caption; Photographs 1 through 4, Families love living
in this year's winner, Sioux Falls, S.D., because the city has kept its
down-home feel even though Citibank and Sears have transformed it into a booming
financial services center.; Photographs 5 and 6, Community spirit runs strong:
Dozens of Sioux Falls volunteers for Habitat for Humanity recently built the
frame house in a day.; Photographs 1 through 6 by David Graham; Pictures 1 and
2, Surprise! Columbia, Mo. has a winery. Locals unwind there after work.
Columbia's landmark, the University of Missouri. MARK KATZMAN; Picture 3, No.
300, MELANIE EVE BAROCAS
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PAGE
2
13TH STORY of Level 1 printed in FULL format.
Copyright 1992 The Times Journal Company
Defense News
September 14, 1992 / September 20, 1992
SECTION: COMMENTARY; Word for Word; Pg. 301
LENGTH: 120 words
BYLINE: Richard Cheney, U.S. Secretary of Defense
BODY:
From Sept. 3 remarks in speech to Clarksville, Tenn. Rotary Club:
"We've said we will get smaller, we will reduce the force down to whatever
level ultimately the Congress is prepared to support. But when we get to that
level we want to make it absolutely the best force we can make it. We want a
fully trained, fully manned, properly equipped force
If Congress comes
along and insists that we take it down faster, or that we take it down farther
than we currently anticipate, there's only one place I can really do that, and
that's people
If I were to be informed that I had to take another $ 59
billion out, especially in a relatively short period of time, all I can do is
fire more people."
TM
TM
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PAGE
1
The Associated Press, September 5, 1992
14, Jeff Purvis, Clarksville, Tenn. , Ford, 156.661.
15, Michael Waltrip, Davidson, N.C., Pontiac, 156.557.
CLARKSVILLE
16, Bill Elliott, Dawsonville, Ga., Ford,
HEROES
The Houston Chronicle, July 26, 1992
Southern hemisphere, winning gold in the 100, 200 and 4x100 relay.
Highlight: U.S. hammer thrower Harold Connolly and Czech
discus heaver Olga Fokotova met and fell in love - and both won
gold medals. The two were married and competed in three more Games
together.
Lowlight: Egypt, Iraq and Lebanon boycotted the Games to
protest the Israeli-led takeover of the Suez Canal. The
Netherlands, Spain and Switzerland boycotted to protest the Soviet
invasion of Hungary.
That's a fact: The equestrian events were held in Sweden
because of the quarantine laws of Australia - the only time an
event was held completely out of the host country.
1960, ROME
Who stole the show: Wilma Rudolph, the 20th of 22 children
from Clarksville, Tenn. and a former polio victim, won three golds
TM
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PAGE 2
The Houston Chronicle, July 26, 1992
in track and field She was 50 relaxed and confident that she fell
asleep waiting for the 100-meter semifinal heats.
Highlight: Abebe Bilika, a member of the Emperor's Household
Guard in Ethiopia, won the marathon in a world-record 2:15:16.2 --
running barefoot.
Lowlight: Denmark cyclist Knut Jensen collapses and dies in
midrace from a drug overdose.
That's a fact: The pope watched the canoeing semifinals from
a window of his summer residence.
1964, TOKYO
Who stole the show: Bob Hayes, the latest and perhaps
greatest "world's fastest human, tied the 100-meter world record
(10.0 seconds) and took the 4x100 relay from fifth to first with an
astounding 8.9-second final leg.
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scut cap
n 9,247 (,000 )
Jeff Pums 1, #51 NASCAR
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Bobby Allison
1 Ray Bestes - brake Co.
1 Pat Head Summit - Lady 1/0/52 ) ohjpic Couch
- Mason Radolph - Pro golfer
Ula Wilma Rudolph 3 gover 1960 - Rome
first to as that
Gov, Peay - was a dem (1923-27)
grandon Chrin Dem party (Aust
Dec
(Bose)
(daughter) Rebecca Dowdy Dowdy
EDITOR
2nd grader
6008gm Bush
hell perker my self
2024566218; # 2/ 2
312022252814;#
12, Sundquist: Schools' Supplem of the total funding," S
Sundquist said. "And that $50 mil-
standard. that's significant."
By LEE ELDER
on to the bill
lion will go only to areas that have a
Last week. a spokesman for U.S.
said. "I intend to make th
Of The Leaf-Chronicle Staff
funding relief
significant increase in the number
Sen. Jim Sasser, a Tennessee
forcefully as I can."
Montgomery County schools
for hurricane-
stricken areas
of military dependents enroiled in
Democra: who was on the corfer-
Sundquist stressed the
should benefi to the tune of SI mil-
ence committee that recommended
million would be in addit
lion, if not more. from a supple-
last week by a
their schools."
mental appropriation that President
joint Senate-
There are 287 school districts
the aid. said Monagomery County
$850,000 the county re.
nationwide that receive assistance
was among the top five or Six
impact aic. The county'
Bush is expected to sign soon.
House confer-
ence committee
through impact aid, but only 52,
school districts showing growth.
aid - funds from the fed
according to U.S. Rep. Don
Sundquist.
including Montgomery County,
Because of the growth.
emment to areas hit whe
T
and was passed
Sundquist said the $1 million is a
taken off the tax rolls
The Memphis Republican said
by both houses
showed an increase. Some of the
conservative estimate and 11 could
close to the same amounts
Tuesday he based his prediction on
of Congress this Sundquist
increases were as small as seven
students. Sundquist said.
be more.
Using the "best case
discussions he had with Depart-
week.
"Montgomery County, on the
"There's a strong case to be
Sundquist said Montgom
ment of Defense officials familiar
"The bill provides S50 million.
with the program funding formu-
other hand, has added 750 students
made that Montgomery County is
over and above what will be allo-
this year." Sundquist said. "By any
entitled to far more than just 1/50th
See Funding page A7, col
las. Some $50 million was tacked
cated through impact aid,"
ty would have the mor
month, but it could tak
four months if Dep:
Defense officials do not
enrollment data needs
mine which areas quali
9-28-92 9:13AM
MET265R SAID SUNDQUATIS
ing-and how much.
AN "FOP"
The check will not
soon for county official:
"I'm anxious to get i
certainly be helpful to 2
Executive Joel Plumme
Plummer praised the
Sundquist and Sasser.
"They were all very
to us." Plurrumer said. ":
sisu)
being in the position he
very helpful and Con
Sundquist, being on th
Should
the administration, was
ful.
Schools Director D
Lindsey said he was pi
the bipartisan effort by
and federal officials.
"It's been a strength
SENT BY
gomery County that or
and representatives app
an excellent working r
on accomplishing thin
district," Lindsey said.
2 ent $1M
Extended Page
Sundquist
hat case as
That the $1
ition to the
eceives in
y's impact
ederal gov-
ien land is
- should be
tnext year.
scenario."
nery Coun-
clumin 1
oney within a
Both Plummer and Lindsey said
ke as long as
they believed the new funding
partment of
would go toward building new
DE have all the
schools, necessary because of the
ded to deter-
rapid growth of North Clarksville
lify for fund-
around Fort Campbell's borders.
The efforts are the culmination
at come too
of a year of lobbying by local offi-
als.
cials. Sundquist said those efforts
it and it will
paid off because the community
, us." County
put forth a united effort,
or said.
"I thought the school board and
he efforts of
the leaders in Montgomery County
handled this thing very well," in
y responsive
Sundquist said. "They made us
Sen. Sasser,
aware of how important this thing
e was in, was
was and they did it in a very posi-
ongressman
tive way."
the inside of
The $50 million will be adminis-
IS very help-
tered by the Department of
Defense.
Dr. Charles
During his tour of Clarksville
pleased with
and Fort Campbell earlier this
my both local
month, Sundquist said he briefed
Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney
th of Mont-
on the problem with overcrowding.
our senators
"(Cheney's) visit down there
pear to have
was helpful in this process,"
relationship
Sundquist said, "It helped him to
ings for our
understand the problems at Fort
Campbell."
SENT BY
9-28-92 ; 9:13AM ;
2024566218:# 1/ 2
DISTRICT OFFICES:
DON SUNDQUIST
117 SOUTH 20 STREET
7TH DISTRICT. TENNESSEE
CLARKSVILLE. TN 37040
615-562-4406
COMMITTEE:
5509 SHELBY OAKS DRIVE
WAYS AND MEANS
Congress of the Anited States
SUITE 213
MEMPHIS. TN 38134
901-382-5811
WASHINGTON OFFICE:
438 CANNON HOUSE OFFICE BUILDING
house of Representatives
WASHINGTON DC 20515-4207
202-228-2811
Washington, DC 20515-4207
:
FAX TRANSMISSION
CONGRESSMAN DON SUNDQUIST
WASHINGTON, D.C. OFFICE
TELEPHONE 202-225-2811
FAX 202-225-2814
TO:
JEANUE BUNTON
FROM:
RAPH PaREY
DATE:
TIME:
/
PAGES FOLLOW THIS COVER SHEET
COMMENTS:
USE
THIS
153
Table
32. Occupation of Longest Job in 1991-Persons 15 Years Old and Over by Total
Money Earnings in 1991, Work Experience in 1991, and Sex-Con.
[Numbers in thousands. Persons 15 years old and over as of March 1992. For meaning of symbols, see text]
ings
Median earnings
Mean earnings
tandard
Occupation of
Total
to
$2,500
$5,000
$10,000
$20,000
$35,000
$50,000
Standard
Standard
error
longest job
with
$2,499
to
to
to
to
to
to
$75,000
Value
error
Value
error
(dol.)
earnings
or loss
$4,999
$9,999
$19,999
$34,999
$49,999
$74,999
and over
(dol.)
(dol)
(dol.)
(dol.)
MALE-Con.
Total
177
692
1 146
696
246
25
26 226
500
27 650
411
146
Precision production occupations
3 118
85
51
Supervisors, production
407
occupations
1 057
5
5
18
131
432
320
123
22
32 173
715
33 905
712
Precision metal working
553
863
8
18
42
209
338
207
39
2
25 889
1 080
26 466
647
occupations
Plant and system operators
246
8
5
26
89
67
51
-
34 385
1 600
35 002
1.423
-
1 465
Other precision production
112
326
287
101
33
2
18 079
821
19 882
649
2 548
occupations
952
64
28
1 731
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
14 771
1 471
1 018
1 978
4 220
4
141
1 588
309
45
16 599
195
18 501
174
Machine operators and tenders,
740
except precision
3 321
155
142
374
1 103
1 075
408
62
2
18 764
471
20 420
319
970
Fabricators, assemblers, and hand-
1 408
working occupations
1 381
110
57
147
412
447
180
24
4
19 095
715
20 208
522
Production inspectors, testers,
93
13
7
25 213
334
25 333
1
187
1 623
samplers, and weighers
442
12
19
36
101
161
3 043
Motor vehicle operators
3 625
235
175
449
931
1 241
488
90
15
20 167
398
21 000
372
Transportation occupations, except
1 521
motor vehicle
172
3
3
2
8
29
76
41
9
41 052
870
41 363
2 034
924
Material moving equipment
1 542
1 013
30
20
89
303
381
156
31
3
21 306
484
22/860
610
operators
601
Handlers equipment cleaners,
7
9 994
301
12 450
264
helpers, and laborers
4 818
926
602
881
1 361
806
186
49
709
Construction laborers
937
137
108
129
314
194
34
19
2
11 676
407
14 221
647
730
Freight, stock, and material
handlers
1 734
406
266
332
385
242
81
17
5
7 739
493
N 730
491
1 373
Hand packers and packagers
9
45
63
21
1
-
-
10 357
855
11\173
992
160
21
3. 185
Helpers and miscellaneous manual
70
13
10 436
395
12 346
352
occupations
987
362
219
376
599
349
-
582
Armed Forces
928
12
16
61
368
325
97
45
5
20 191
580
23 118
665
050
692
I 531
Year-Round, Full-Time Workers
Total
47 888
500
292
2 084
10 140
16 400
9 991
5 635
2 846
29 421
221
34 354
185
815
Managerial and professional specialty
13 703
67
65
232
1 033
3 385
3 614
3 158
2 149
41 944
223
49 614
454
330
occupations
Executive, administrative, and
41 635
290
49 025
601
managerial occupations
7 635
29
43
152
652
1 893
1 883
1 788
1 196
355
Administrators and officials, public
-
2
12
101
110
109
27
39 784
1 573
43 874
439
administration
360
-
(B)
Federal
134
-
-
6
25
41
45
16
43 168
5 159
47 866
2 498
-
227
2
6
76
68
64
11
37 249
1 795
41 519
1 707
627
State or local
-
-
543
Other administrators and officials,
1 328
931
45 538
597
53 102
803
salaried
5 072
1
23
77
415
1 075
1 223
Manufacturing
2 546
-
4
38
186
511
738
677
391
44 536
141
606
1 067
100
Retail trade
1 411
-
5
8
38
254
304
460
341
51 897
558
59 016
1 438
051
Finance, insurance, and real
estate
577
11
21
142
207
81
64
52
27 394
1 885
35 600
1 932
-
49
101
100
127
147
50 827
4 692
63 446
3 332
525
Other industries
538
1
4
9
Other administrators and officials,
self-employed
598
17
11
64
129
163
104
58
52
25 461
160
31
142
582
135
Management related occupations
1 605
12
8
11
96
554
446
293
187
38 488
274
43 959
991
-
-
29
190
156
102
73
40 469
1
550
45 418)
1 615
Accountants and auditors
550
-
462
80
380
1 493
1 732
1 371
953
42 358
487
50 354
692
656
Professional specialty occupations
6 068
39
22
(B)
Engineers, architects, and
1 648
4
4
4
20
248
676
555
136
46 588
533
48 488
671
surveyors
1 533
4
4
3
13
213
664
512
119
46 512
515
48 512
682
347
Engineers
Natural scientists and
mathematicians
849
1
2
2
27
203
321
221
72
42 308
888
46 103
1 260
240
587
17
73
30
107
360
82 178
3 714
92 478
3 495
Health diagnosing occupations
-
-
I
498
Health assessment and treating
239
-
17
54
94
58
15
42 315
983
856
1 655
568
occupations
-
-
309
9
3
17
49
106
84
42
45 849
790
50'080
2 646
Teachers, post secondary
-
Teachers, except post secondary
679
-
6
11
63
319
201
77
2
32 044
676
32 999
705
390
502
9
21
35
73
123
242
71 530
3 168
82 551
3 764
Lawyers and judges
-
-
807
Other professional specialty
1 255
25
10
51
198
512
230
145
84
29 528
969
33 964
1 007
occupations
544
Technical, sales, and administrative
10 242
99
50
339
1 854
4 005
2 180
1 209
505
30 109
258
34 459
397
support occupations
605
Health technologists and
239
technicians, except licensed
-
46
95
43
6
-
27 282
1 306
28 054
1 152
practical nurses
190
-
-
(B)
2
18
-
-
1
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
Licensed practical nurses
21
-
-
-
581
927
Technologists and technicians,
1 481
-
9
170
639
473
167
23
32 767
705
34 457
594
except health
-
Sales occupations
5 645
90
44
221
1 007
1 911
1 056
855
460
30 597
324
37 805
667
220
Supervisors and proprietors, sales
occupations, salaried
1 951
6
4
28
298
777
369
300
148
31 169
480
39 558
1 181
256
989
Supervisors and proprietors, sales
21
23
88
108
54
49
27
22 383
531
33 510
3 631
occupations, self-employed
418
48
110
Sales representatives, finance and
business services
1 062
16
4
39
122
265
240
233
143
39 970
245
45 745
711
785
Sales representatives,commodities,
except retail
1 051
-
4
3
85
354
272
219
113
37 969
1 370
44 244
1 217
416
087
Sales workers, retail and personal
services
1 145
20
9
122
415
402
100
52
25
20 176
860
23 184
767-
199
54
86
53
1
2
3
13 724
130
16 747
1 481
Cashiers
-
-
133
Sales related occupations
18
1
5
-
6
-
1
3
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
-
144
593
Administrative support occupations,
including clerical
2 905
9
6
109
629
342
608
181
20
27 037
333
28 407
361
108
Supervisors, administrative support
323
-
6
30
103
117
61
6
37 026
106
36 771
1 236
137
occupations, including clerical
-
168
2
31
93
25
16
1
29 131
265
29 945
546
Computer equipment operators
-
-
124
Secretaries, stenographers, and
52
-
-
5
8
29
6
2
2
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
61
typists
Financial records processing
occupations
201
4
-
2
38
111
29
14
2
25 969
958
28 589
1 435
82
177
Mail and message distributing
occupations
459
1
10
61
203
174
10
-
32 665
651
31 123
671
-
154
Table
32. Occupation of Longest Job in 1991-Persons 15 Years Old and Over, by Total
Money Earnings in 1991, Work Experience in 1991, and Sex-Con.
[Numbers in thousands. Persons 15 years old and over as of March 1992. For meaning of symbols, see text]
Occupation of
Median earnings
Mean earnings
longest job
Total
$1 to
$2,500
$5,000
$10,000
$20,000
with
$35,000
$2,499
$50,000
to
to
Standard
to
to
to
Standard
earnings
to
or loss
$4,999
$75,000
$9,999
Value
$19,999
error
$34,999
Value
$49,999
$74,999
error
and over
(dol.)
(dol.)
(dol.)
(dol.)
MALE-Con.
Year-Round, Full-Time Workers
-Con.
Material recording, scheduling, and
distribution clerks
822
2
4
43
Other administrative support
247
407
91
25
2
22 375
635
23 843
559
occupations, including clerical
880
-
-
Service occupations
42
214
397
165
4 081
53
33
8
38
26 142
434
1 545
459
1 293
27 976
525
681
Private household occupations
24
181
3
32
17
19 933
350
22 916
-
Protective service occupations
4
338
-
-
1 418
-
16
4
41
301
(B)
Police and firefighters
529
(B)
362
(B)
528
148
(B)
1
17
29 378
974
30 539
-
Service, except protective and
1
33
187
207
601
93
5
36 938
925
37 414
889
household
2 639
14
34
375
Food preparation and service
1 243
760
163
34
15
16 675
293
18 927
352
occupations
1 037
3
24
213
Health service occupations
526
224
28
127
9
9
13 876
-
17
500
48
16 361
-
Cleaning and building service
52
8
502
2
-
19 718
1 215
20 638
1 339
occupations, except household
1 206
7
8
125
Personal service occupations
576
382
92
270
10
4
6
3
17 606
20
480
Farming, forestry, and fishing
93
102
19 940
35
551
12
1
21 636
1 712
23 460
1 119
occupations
1 621
192
47
248
Farm operators and managers
603
330
113
804
58
161
30
36
14 978
92
Farm occupations, except
212
527
17 745
172
624
69
32
30
15 723
936
18 834
1 100
managerial
389
19
10
99
Related agricultural occupations
195
47
10
386
9
-
12
1
12 739
54
176
604
13 976
99
31
753
Forestry and fishing occupations
42
12
-
16 361
-
3
641
-
Precision production, craft, and repair
20
18 804
12
859
2
4
-
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
occupations
8 827
52
32
285
Auto mechanics and repairers
1 904
3 676
2 081
861
710
15
89
6
27 508
50
321
315
29 484
329
240
Mechanics and repairers, except
108
31
-
20 912
519
23 239
722
auto
2 631
14
6
Carpenters
52
441
1 181
623
694
209
9
5
35
29 986
Construction trades, except
29
192
517
306
31 109
68
445
12
2
22 917
932
23 157
699
carpenters
2 102
11
8
100
Extractive occupations
432
832
485
116
211
23
-
4
27 741
-
Precision production occupations
8
703
29 838
25
54
508
2 494
18
3
8
4
38 347
Supervisors, production
53
510
2 101
1 004
39 435
672
2 517
227
20
30 087
583
30 740
425
occupations
929
2
-
3
Precision metal working
92
381
314
119
19
34 348
1 070
35 598
728
occupations
665
-
-
8
Plant and system operators
159
275
192
219
32
-
29 195
1 041
-
-
Other precision production
18
28 855
-
83
67
664
51
-
36 565
2 052
37 814
1 305
occupations
681
2
4
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
42
242
265
8 614
99
26
57
2
53
516
21 203
2 880
461
3 408
23 685
1 387
713
Machine operators and tenders,
277
38
22 338
222
24 426
210
except precision
2 338
5
4
Fabricators, assemblers, and hand-
104
832
970
361
60
2
22 558
527
24 303
344
working occupations
842
9
4
Production inspectors, testers,
32
276
342
156
20
4
23 524
1 088
24 866
610
samplers, and weighers
323
-
2
Motor vehicle operators
6
63
144
2 292
88
13
23
7
9
116
28 632
630
1 161
985
30 431
436
1 325
Transportation occupations, except
79
15
24 701
703
25 999
452
motor vehicle
137
-
1
-
Material moving equipment
5
21
68
36
7
41 607
928
43 800
2 042
operators
674
1
4
Handlers, equipment cleaners,
17
198
296
128
30
-
23 894
1 075
25 929
665
helpers, and laborers
2 007
19
31
Construction laborers
240
875
650
151
292
38
3
-
3
32
17 508
117
427
106
19 789
Freight, stock, and material
18
380
15
2
18 885
1 742
21 958
1 414
handlers
685
3
4
Hand packers and packagers
102
277
208
85
78
5
11
1
2
4
17 794
Helpers and miscellaneous manual
52
825
21
20 512
1
635
-
-
14 117
1 813
15 896
1 375
occupations
945
11
Armed Forces
22
102
429
315
801
53
13
-
-
8
31
17 573
322
569
303
18 943
89
475
42
5
21 038
564
FEMALE
24 245
703
Total
Total
61 796
8 897
5 446
9 992
Managerial and professional specialty
17 579
14 170
4 110
1 204
397
12 884
125
15 946
89
occupations
15 795
1 034
570
1 323
Executive, administrative, and
3 162
5 793
2 750
869
294
24 322
271
25 552
224
managerial occupations
6 656
252
164
525
Administrators and officials, public
1 630
2 541
979
432
133
23 511
412
26 029
337
administration
260
12
8
Federal
14
41
93
100
67
18
2
3
6
State or local
8
27 101
7
2 422
34
28 806
33
1 567
160
10
5
12
3
8
33 938
34
2 457
60
32 860
Other administrators and officials,
34
2 418
6
3
23 781
1 854
26 263
1 991
salaried
3.848
90
90
Manufacturing
334
961
1 381
2 262
591
57
311
52
88
191
23 843
520
632
Retail trade
793
27 096
407
459
488
4
215
14
27
Finance, insurance, and real
17
25 381
72
655
215
27 457
88
51
552
25
27 325
1 711
32 448
1 456
estate
568
10
Other industries
16
102
229
153
529
27
19
14
8
17
23
16 510
758
20 146
1 120
Other administrators and officials,
140
220
70
30
19
24 589
1 296
28 081
1 414
self-employed
338
79
26
Management related occupations
61
90
38
2 215
23
71
10
40
7
Accountants and auditors
116
537
10 195
1 766
1 029
14 058
648
297
1 427
17
93
14
31
40
24 412
142
551
303
25 668
Professional specialty occupations
97
536
9 138
781
29
406
798
6
25 501
1 532
3 252
694
1 771
25 522
844
Engineers, architects, and
437
162
24 925
324
25 205
299
surveyors
190
7
1
Engineers
5
17
31
92
170
4
37
1
-
4
37 356
11
1 266
27
37 458
89
720
Natural scientists and
35
-
38 650
1 645
39 024
mathematicians
1 615
439
3
6
Health diagnosing occupations
13
49
171
164
152
3
39
3
5
12
32 226
15
1 463
Health assessment and treating
30
28
32 723
1 073
8
66
42 273
11 404
66 329
6 423
occupations
2 040
39
25
Teachers, post secondary
102
298
815
352
42
643
101
33
18
53
30 765
78
73
328
29 603
462
Teachers, except post secondary
3 446
47
334
25
199
330
2
557
15 644
1 423
2 508
504
19 388
1 304
97
2
23 136
427
21 810
357
156
Table 32. Occupation of Longest Job in 1991-Persons 15 Years Old and Over, by Total
Money Earnings in 1991, Work Experience in 1991, and Sex-Con.
[Numbers in thousands. Persons 15 years old and over as of March 1992. For meaning of symbols, see text]
Median earnings
Occupation of
Mean earnings
longest job
Total
$1 to
$2,500
$5,000
$10,000
$20,000
$35,000
with
$50,000
$2,499
Standard
to
to
to
Standard
to
to
to
earnings
or loss
$75,000
Value
$4,999
$9,999
error
Value
$19,999
$34,999
error
$49,999
$74,999
and over
(dol:)
(dol.)
(dol.)
(dol.)
FEMALE-Con.
Year-Round, Full-Time Workers
Total
32 436
463
314
2 489
12 185
Managerial and professional specialty
12 055
3 547
1 040
341
20 553
98
22 949
125
occupations
10 166
86
34
251
1 811
Executive, administrative, and
4 663
2 313
746
262
28 945
286
31 244
270
managerial occupations
4 968
37
14
140
1 079
2 286
Administrators and officials, public
895
403
114
26 928
282
30 003
382
administration
220
-
-
2
Federal
38
89
66
18
84
6
30 765
2 019
32 377
-
-
5
31
1 535
-
State or local
33
11
137
3
36 135
1 461
36 868
2
2 229
-
-
33
Other administrators and officials,
59
33
6
3
26 060
2 071
29 624
1 983
salaried
2 933
8
11
98
679
Manufacturing
1 225
539
295
1 666
79
27 174
1
5
449
49
30 837
334
521
Retail trade
689
361
200
414
27
29 579
1
792
1
31 770
53
617
-
Finance, insurance, and real
198
86
51
23
30 831
1 071
35 590
1 552
estate
420
-
3
42
Other industries
181
139
27
14
434
14
6
19 123
2
835
6
23 075
111
1 365
Other administrators and officials,
200
65
29
15
26 666
1 172
30 231
1 558
self-employed
170
28
-
27
55
Management related occupations
37
10
10
1 645
1
1
15 165
3
1 502
12
16 825
306
705
Accountants and auditors
935
280
81
485
28
1
27 044
378
-
4
29 555
71
606
Professional specialty occupations
284
93
26
5 198
6
49
27 750
20
837
111
29 594
732
2 377
875
Engineers, architects, and
1 418
342
148
30 487
244
32 431
381
surveyors
154
-
-
-
Engineers
6
26
86
35
144
1
39 866
1 772
41 983
-
-
-
5
1 496
Natural scientists and
22
83
34
-
40 341
1 646
42 104
431
mathematicians
353
3
2
2
Health diagnosing occupations
24
152
132
34
5
119
34 208
1 635
-
-
7
34 949
4
135
Health assessment and treating
21
23
6
58
70 818
21 155
75 711
7 216
occupations
1 268
2
-
3
Teachers, post secondary
91
498
564
93
119
18
35 471
-
4
311
3
35 337
16
506
Teachers, except post secondary
36
35
23
1 778
2
10
35 051
2
39
2 492
292
33 302
1 037
2 207
Lawyers and judges
330
67
127
27 365
394
27 987
-
-
-
Other professional specialty
2
378
21
39
30
34
50 296
4 841
58 154
3 604
occupations
1 279
35
12
Technical, sales, and administrative
57
297
585
209
53
30
25 281
580
27 203
745
support occupations
14 899
153
115
841
Health technologists and
6 598
5 852
1 016
261
63
19 586
148
20 995
145
technicians, except licensed
practical nurses
545
2
3
22
Licensed practical nurses
205
243
60
7
329
2
21 393
608
-
10
22 926
116
669
-
Technologists and technicians,
181
20
2
-
21 121
400
22 212
609
except health
634
-
2
12
Sales occupations
158
327
96
3 237
36
4
104
54
25 678
652
426
1 248
27 163
Supervisors and proprietors, sales
909
711
316
137
44
17 254
360
21 245
475
occupations, salaried
943
-
4
60
Supervisors and proprietors, sales
378
354
105
30
11
20 629
496
23 022
641
occupations, self-employed
176
50
9
35
Sales representatives, finance and
42
13
5
17
6
8 589
1 763
15 457
2 702
business services
652
8
7
34
Sales representatives,commodities,
172
249
110
53
18
24 328
1 083
29 404
1 603
except retail
259
-
-
17
Sales workers, retail and personal
50
102
66
24
-
28 433
1 935
29 079
1 255
services
1 201
45
34
Cashiers
279
605
190
27
526
13
8
16
14
12 242
241
150
274
14 562
71
457
Sales related occupations
2
-
-
6
11 603
332
-
2
12 488
-
-
1
383
Administrative support occupations,
3
-
-
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
including clerical
10 154
47
56
371
Supervisors, administrative support
4 872
4 191
524
79
13
19 444
156
20 387
135
occupations, including clerical
422
4
-
2
Computer equipment operators
107
212
77
20
332
-
25 362
-
3
949
26 369
Secretaries, stenographers, and
128
166
786
-
26
4
5
21 595
627
23 718
1 174
typists
3 151
13
14
81
1 562
Financial records processing
1 367
100
14
-
19 471
237
19 871
192
occupations
1 452
14
17
60
Mail and message distributing
665
611
73
11
-
19 540
430
20 026
335
occupations
201
1
1
6
Material recording, scheduling, and
56
100
35
-
-
29 565
1 462
25 791
1 038
distribution clerks
547
-
8
44
Other administrative support
263
206
19
6
-
18 471
643
19 465
573
occupations, including clerical
4 050
15
15
Service occupations
175
2 091
1 528
193
3 875
24
8
129
18 568
127
937
1 965
252
19 878
615
223
Private household occupations
82
144
5
8
15
22
12 148
62
135
Protective service occupations
46
14 060
5
239
-
-
258
-
4
3
8 424
679
4
Police and firefighters
85
8 943
112
626
49
56
2
-
1
22 524
1 058
24 284
-
-
Service, except protective and
8
33
1 000
13
-
-
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
household
3 474
117
101
872
Food preparation and service
1 834
499
33
2
15
11 942
133
13 512
243
occupations
994
20
22
313
Health service occupations
530
103
6
-
1 036
-
8
11 326
13
221
Cleaning and building service
180
591
12 204
228
277
11
2
2
13 757
400
15 372
444
occupations, except household
565
8
16
118
Personal service occupations
354
65
-
-
878
80
2
50
12 132
260
273
359
13 184
103
483
Farming, forestry, and fishing
16
-
11
10 763
345
13 007
663
occupations
183
50
11
29
Farm operators and managers
64
30
-
-
90
-
35
10 205
5
1 310
12
8 971
Farm occupations, except
17
20
1 048
-
-
-
6 362
3 025
7 005
1 719
managerial
54
12
4
10
Related agricultural occupations
19
8
-
-
39
-
3
1
Forestry and fishing occupations
6
27
(B)
(B)
2
(B)
(B)
-
-
-
-
(B)
-
-
(B)
(B)
-
(B)
Precision production, craft, and repair
-
-
-
-
-
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
occupations
734
16
5
51
Auto mechanics and repairers
328
252
65
4
18
-
18 554
919
-
-
-
Mechanics and repairers, except
4
20 778
629
-
-
-
-
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
auto
114
-
-
-
Carpenters
23
42
36
2
13
-
31 643
-
2
2 705
-
32 628
1 908
-
Construction trades, except
-
-
-
-
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
carpenters
23
-
-
Extractive occupations
2
6
12
2
-
-
-
(B)
-
(B)
-
(B)
-
(B)
-
-
-
-
-
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
157
Table
32. Occupation of Longest Job in 1991-Persons 15 Years Old and Over, by Total
Money Earnings in 1991, Work Experience in 1991, and Sex-Con.
[Numbers in thousands. Persons 15 years old and over as of March 1992. For meaning of symbols, see text]
Median earnings
Mean earnings
a
Occupation of
Total
$1 to
$2,500
$5,000
$10,000
$20,000
$35,000
$50,000
Standard
Standard
longest job
to
to
to
to
to
$75,000
Value
error
Value
error
or
with
$2,499
to
1.)
or loss
$19,999
$34,999
$49,999
$74,999
and over
(dol.)
(dol.)
(dol.)
(dol.)
earnings
$4,999
$9,999
FEMALE-Con.
5
Year-Round, Full-Time Workers
-Con.
0
2
592
16
5
47
295
27
5
16 794
605
18 585
583
198
-
5
Precision production occupations
9
Supervisors, production
40
14
2
25 379
1 022
24 450
1 081
2
82
-
140
-
-
3
occupations
Precision metal working
11
6
-
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
23
-
41
-
-
-
1
occupations
1
1
3
3
-
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
9
-
-
7
Plant and system operators
-
Other precision production
3
14 703
615
15 798
566
2
402
47
230
103
-
-
14
5
occupations
630
68
11
1
15 320
239
16 451
243
5
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
2 534
30
22
381
1 392
B
Machine operators and tenders,
1 245
4
5
230
751
15
6
-
13 951
403
15 074
290
234
except precision
5
Fabricators, assemblers, and hand-
375
10
2
40
195
13
2
-
16 140
624
17 365
699
113
3
working occupations
5
10
-
17 521
932
18 586
681
Production inspectors, testers,
4
2
27
149
109
-
1
samplers, and weighers
301
111
-
1
34
13
2
-
18 747
1 636
20 737
1 714
15
45
Motor vehicle operators
3
Transportation occupations, except
-
1
2
-
-
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
2
-
-
-
1
motor vehicle
Material moving equipment
3
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
19
-
23
-
5
operators
45
-
-
-
3
Handlers, equipment cleaners,
455
13
11
229
120
11
-
1
15 528
607
16 308
601
68
helpers, and laborers
10
1
-
2
4
3
-
-
-
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
3
Construction laborers
Freight, stock, and material
1
15 305
1 236
16 814
1 246
7
6
23
86
33
7
-
handlers
156
1
Hand packers and packagers
112
5
2
21
25
2
-
-
15 074
1 138
15 283
1 038
3
56
$
Helpers and miscellaneous manual
3
23
59
3
-
16 054
857
16 560
820
6
84
-
occupations
177
4
-
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
;
-
29
12
-
45
-
-
Armed Forces
;
9
)
;
I
!
1
;
7
3
)
;
3
1
?
;
3
}
3
)
3
)
-
)
?
1
3
3
3
9
3
=
8
)
000
Occupational Outlook Quarterly
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Fall 1990
n=
Beyond Your Paycheck:
An Employee Benefits
Primer
PAYCHECK
the
DECVE
3T
PM
Ranking
Occupational
The only source of information that pro-
Earnings
vides current earnings data for a broad
W
hich occupations pay the most?
spectrum of occupations is the Current
How do earnings in my occupa-
Population Survey (CPS). The CPS is a
by Steven Hitchcock
tion compare with those in occu-
survey of 60,000 households conducted
pations having similar education or train-
monthly by the Bureau of the Census for
ing requirements? Do I presently earn
the Bureau of Labor Statistics. It provides
more or less than the average for all work-
data on the median weekly earnings of
ers employed in my occupation? How do
wage and salary workers who usually work
the top wages in my occupation compare
full time, including overtime pay, commis-
with those paid in other occupations?
sions, or tips received. Note that only wage
These questions are often asked by people
and salary workers are included in this dis-
planning careers or career changes and
cussion. Average earnings in occupations
others.
with large numbers of self-employed work-
ers may be higher than indicated here (as
Steven Hitchcock is an economist in the
is the case with physicians) or lower (as is
Office of Employment Projections, BLS.
the case with writers).
Occupational Outlook Quarterly/Fall 1990
27
The median earnings of occupations in
the second fifth are clustered more than
highest ranked occupation, does not re-
those in the top fifth. Financial records
quire a college degree although many pi-
Median Weekly Earnings in 1989
processing supervisors, the highest ranked
lots are college graduates. High-paying
The table lists the 1989 median weekly
occupation in this group, typically earn 25
occupations that do not require 4 years of
earnings in 244 occupations, ranked high-
percent more than production coordina-
college usually require some other kind of
est to lowest. Half of the workers in each
tors, the lowest ranked occupation.
training. For example, most tool and die
occupation earned less than the median
Occupations with earnings ranked in the
makers complete a 4- or 5-year formal ap-
and half earned more. The occupations are
middle fifth require primarily apprentice-
prenticeship, and stationary engineers are
divided into quintiles, or fifths. Occupa-
ships or on-the-job training. For example,
often trained through a 4-year formal ap-
tions listed first had the highest earnings.
carpenters complete 3- or 4-year appren-
prenticeship or are trained on the job and
Not surprisingly, occupations ranked in
ticeships while automobile mechanics gen-
take courses at a trade school.
the top fifth usually require a college de-
erally learn on the job, although formal
Lawyers have by far the highest median
gree; these include engineer, computer
training programs are increasing in impor-
earnings; their earnings were more than 20
systems analyst, and public relations spe-
tance. Exceptions include radiologic tech-
percent greater than the second ranked oc-
cialist. Several other occupations require a
nicians, who normally complete 2 years of
cupation, airline pilot and navigator.
professional or graduate degree, including
postsecondary training, and statistical
Workers in occupations ranked in the
physician, lawyer, and education adminis-
clerks and transportation and ticket reser-
second fifth have widely varying educa-
trator. However, many of these occupa-
vation agents, who usually need a high
tional backgrounds and training. Psycholo-
tions require less schooling-for example,
school diploma for entry. A few occupa-
gists, for example, generally need a grad-
airline pilot and navigator, the second
tions in this fifth require a bachelor's de-
uate degree-usually a doctorate-for en-
gree for entry-social worker and kinder-
try, while elementary school teachers need
garten teacher, for example.
at least a bachelor's degree. On the other
Social workers, the highest ranked occu-
hand, some legal assistants complete for-
pation in this fifth, typically earn more
mal postsecondary programs ranging in
than 20 percent more than dispatchers, the
length from a few months to 4 years, and
lowest ranked occupation-a slightly smal-
mail carriers do not even need a high
ler gap than appeared in the second fifth.
school diploma if they are at least 18 years
Occupations with earnings ranked in the
of age.
next to lowest fifth require, for the most
part, only a high school education-for in-
stance, record clerk; telephone operator;
data-entry keyer; and bookkeeping, ac-
counting, and auditing clerk. Licensed
practical nurses normally have 1 year of
Photo © Melanie Carr
STREET
28
Occupational Outlook Quarterly/Fall 1990
postsecondary training. Some occupa-
quintile had higher earnings than the me-
actors and directors, ranking 12th among
tions-such as photographer, painting and
dian for 21 occupations in the first quintile.
the top paid workers, were 77th in median
paint spraying machine operator, and con-
When occupations are ranked by the
earnings.
struction laborer-require no formal train-
earnings of the highest paid 10 percent of
To learn more about earnings in a large
ing.
workers, the result is not the same as for
variety of occupations, consult the Occu-
Licensed practical nurses, the highest
median earnings. For example, securities
pational Outlook Handbook. The Hand-
ranked occupation in this fifth, typically
and financial services sales workers ranked
book also contains information for each
earn 20 percent more than nonconstruc-
3rd among the highest paid 10 percent of
occupation on the nature of the work, the
tion laborers, the lowest ranked occupa-
workers but 26th based on median earn-
education and training required, and the
tion.
ings. Real estate sales workers ranked 9th
job outlook. Copies are available in public
Occupations with earnings ranked in the
among the highest paid 10 percent of work-
libraries and the offices of school counsel-
bottom fifth have no education prerequi-
ers but only 68th in median earnings. And
ors and employment counselors.
sites or require only a high school diploma
or some specialized formal training. Ex-
amples of occupations not usually requir-
ing a high school education include maid
and houseman, janitor and cleaner, and
farm worker. Those usually requiring a
high school diploma include file clerk and
bank teller. Those requiring specialized
formal training include dental assistants,
who train for 1 year or less, and hairdress-
ers and cosmetologists, who train for 6-
months to 1 year.
Hardware and building supplies sales
workers, the highest ranked occupation in
this fifth, typically earn more than twice as
much as private household child care
workers, the lowest ranked occupation, the
largest relative difference of any fifth in the
table.
Consistency of Rankings, 1983-89
How consistent are the occupational earn-
ings rankings year to year? To find out,
CPS data for each year from 1983 to 1989
were examined. The results of the analysis
show a great deal of stability in regard to
which fifth an occupation was in. Overall,
141 of the 244 occupations remained in the
same fifth, 43 occupations were in a differ-
ent fifth only once, and 60 occupations
changed fifths more than once. Most of the
movement took place in the middle three
fifths.
Comparing Top Earnings
Column 2 of the table shows the lowest
earnings among the top 10 percent of work-
ers in each occupation. The top 10 percent
of workers in 25 out of the top 27 occupa-
tions after lawyers-which, as mentioned
earlier, had the highest median earnings-
earned more than the median for lawyers,
indicating the importance of advancement
gained through performance and seniority.
The same point is brought out by a look at
the high earnings of the occupations in the
second quintile. The top 10 percent of
workers in every occupation in the second
Structural metal workers are among several trades represented in the highest earnings category.
Occupational Outlook Quarterly/Fall 1990
29
Weekly earnings in occupations with employment of 50,000 or more for at least 6 years, 1983-89
1989
Lower boundary
Occupation¹
median
of top 10 percent
Highest quintile:
Lawyers
$990
$1,830
Airline pilots and navigators
807
1,855
Chemical engineers
807
1,366
Electrical and electronics engineers
803
1,201
Aerospace engineers
801
1,305
Physicians
792
1,849
Engineers
775
1,201
Mechanical engineers
766
1,142
Engineers, n.e.c.
761
1,180
Managers; marketing, advertising, and public relations
753
1,443
Pharmacists
748
935
Civil engineers
735
1,079
Administrators, education and related fields
712
1,162
Computer systems analysts and scientists
711
1,080
Teachers, college and university
711
1,177
Industrial engineers
710
1,198
Economists
704
1,309
Locomotive operating occupations
696
(2)
Management analysts
693
1,426
Postsecondary teachers, subject not specified
676
1,099
Supervisors, police and detectives
674
1,003
Personnel and labor relations managers
668
1,192
Financial managers
667
1,220
Architects
667
1,018
Operations and systems researchers and analysts
662
1,030
Securities and financial services sales workers
651
1,845
Purchasing managers
651
1,436
Chemists, except biochemists
633
1,178
Structural metalworkers
625
877
Computer programmers
606
950
Managers, medicine and health
604
1,023
Telephone line installers and repairers
602
769
Counselors, educational and vocational
598
870
Tool and die makers
593
826
Managers and administrators, n.e.c.
589
1,240
Administrators and officials, public administration
585
1,017
Telephone installers and repairers
583
780
Public relations specialists
576
1,185
Supervisors, mechanics and repairers
576
964
Biological and life scientists
572
1,118
Supervisors, construction occupations, n.e.c.
569
891
Registered nurses
569
823
Data processing equipment repairers
565
889
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail, including sales engineers
561
1,058
Electrical power installers and repairers
556
790
Extractive occupations
555
968
Police and detectives, public service
554
843
Stationary engineers
554
837
Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists
553
997
See notes at end of table.
30
Occupational Outlook Quarterly/Fall 1990
Weekly earnings in occupations with employment of 50,000 or more for at least 6 years, 1983-89--Continued
1989
Lower boundary
Occupation¹
median
of top 10 percent
Second quintile:
Supervisors, financial records processing
$546
$963
Teachers, secondary school
545
845
Underwriters and other financial officers
543
1,077
Millwrights
538
816
Firefighting occupations
537
770
Aircraft engine mechanics
532
807
Chemical technicians
530
982
Mail carriers, postal service
528
662
Psychologists
523
1,009
Accountants and auditors
522
921
Supervisors, production occupations
520
919
Supervisors; distribution, scheduling, and adjusting clerks
516
807
Insurance sales
513
1,061
Electrical and electronic technicians
512
767
Purchasing agents and buyers, n.e.c.
512
879
Inspectors and compliance officers, except construction
511
812
Therapists
511
772
Postal clerks, except mail carriers
509
626
Real estate sales workers
505
1,351
Heavy equipment mechanics
504
705
Inhalation therapists
502
(²)
Teachers, special education
500
790
Teachers, elementary school
498
805
Technicians, n.e.c.
498
922
Separating, filtering, and clarifying machine operators
498
771
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters
495
835
Editors and reporters
494
996
Actors and directors
494
1,296
Electricians
493
809
Designers
489
917
Miscellaneous electrical and electronic equipment repairers
489
798
Science technicians, n.e.c.
486
790
Drafting occupations
486
766
Operating engineers
484
793
Librarians
483
810
Engineering technicians, n.e.c.
480
723
Crane and tower operators
478
722
Buyers, wholesale and retail trade, except farm products
475
868
Electronic repairers, communications and industrial equipment
471
730
Legal assistants
469
789
Supervisors, general office
465
812
Machinists
465
731
Teachers, n.e.c.
464
830
Sheet-metal workers
464
701
Inspectors, testers, and graders
459
809
Industrial machinery repairers
455
727
Sales occupations, other business services
455
946
Driver-sales workers
442
695
Production coordinators
439
748
See notes at end of table.
Occupational Outlook Quarterly/Fall 1990
31
Weekly earnings in occupations with employment of 50,000 or more for at least 6 years, 1983-89--Continued
1989
Lower boundary
Occupation¹
median
of top 10 percent
Third quintile:
Social workers
$438
$731
Management-related occupations, n.e.c.
436
680
Surveying and mapping technicians
436
710
Furnace, kiln, and oven operators, except food
436
690
Radiologic technicians
435
651
Correctional institution officers
431
672
Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics
430
690
Heating, air-conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics
430
703
Excavating and loading machine operators
429
692
Advertising and related sales workers
428
1,022
Painters, sculptors, craft artists, and artist printmakers
427
712
Specified mechanics and repairers, n.e.c.
424
704
Supervisors and proprietors
424
903
Managers, properties and real estate
424
1,004
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians
423
683
Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers
422
737
Truck drivers, heavy
416
717
Office machine repairers
416
671
Clergy
410
775
Sales workers, motor vehicles and boats
408
912
Grader, dozer, and scraper operators
406
807
Not specified mechanics and repairers
404
707
Welders and cutters
403
675
Drywall installers
403
765
Concrete and terrazzo finishers
399
728
Mixing and blending machine operators
399
655
Carpenters
396
714
Lathe and turning machine operators
395
607
Statistical clerks
394
599
Printing machine operators
393
663
Transportation ticket and reservation agents
392
710
Miscellaneous material moving equipment operators
392
701
Automobile body and related repairers
391
684
Eligibility clerks, social welfare
388
516
Construction trades, n.e.c.
386
648
Production testers
386
714
Weighers, measurers, and checkers
383
607
Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators
381
636
Order clerks
380
604
Automobile mechanics
379
648
Supervisors, related agricultural occupations
379
550
Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing
machine operators
374
665
Teachers, prekindergarten and kindergarten
373
704
Bus drivers
368
611
Typesetters and compositors
364
(2)
Sales workers, furniture and home furnishings
360
700
Production inspectors, checkers, and examiners
358
630
Computer operators
357
619
Dispatchers
356
597
See notes at end of table.
32
Occupational Outlook Quarterly/Fall 1990
Weekly earnings in occupations with employment of 50,000 or more for at least 6 years, 1983-89--Continued
1989
Lower boundary
Occupation1
median
of top 10 percent
Fourth quintile:
Licensed practical nurses
$354
$509
Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators
353
563
Painters, construction and maintenance
353
645
Roofers
353
673
Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c.
351
698
Photographers
349
747
Investigators and adjusters, except insurance
348
610
Supervisors, cleaning and building service workers
346
614
Machine operators, not specified
340
599
Administrative support occupations, n.e.c.
339
584
Interviewers
336
544
Miscellaneous machine operators, n.e.c.
336
582
Bill and account collectors
334
512
Punching and stamping press machine operators
332
573
Stock and inventory clerks
331
571
Records clerks
331
596
Precision woodworking occupations
331
605
Secretaries
328
513
Freight, stock, and material handlers, n.e.c.
327
588
Construction laborers
326
630
Payroll and timekeeping clerks
326
514
Precision workers, assorted materials
325
571
Cost and rate clerks
324
631
Painting and paint spraying machine operators
322
617
Sales workers, radio, television, hi-fi, and appliances
321
810
Street and door-to-door sales workers
320
618
Truck drivers, light
319
707
Expediters
318
553
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks
318
502
Assemblers
317
593
Farm operators and managers
316
582
Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping
312
494
General office clerks
311
516
Photographic process machine operators
311
636
Slicing and cutting machine operators
311
517
Typists
311
474
Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks
310
544
Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers
308
502
Telephone operators
308
503
Messengers
308
591
Forestry and logging occupations
307
557
Molding and casting machine operators
306
565
Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs
306
641
Production helpers
306
544
Machine feeders and offbearers
304
472
Data-entry keyers
303
456
Butchers and meat cutters
303
578
Billing clerks
296
472
Laborers, except construction
296
531
See notes at end of table.
Occupational Outlook Quarterly/Fall 1990
33
Weekly earnings in occupations with employment of 50,000 or more for at least 6 years, 1983-89--Continued
1989
Lower boundary
Occupation¹
median
of top 10 percent
Fifth quintile:
Sales workers, hardware and building supplies
$289
$530
Guards and police, except public services
288
572
Sales workers, parts
287
524
Mail clerks, except postal service
283
523
Miscellaneous textile machine operators
281
440
Winding and twisting machine operators
281
401
Dental assistants
280
440
Health aides, except nursing
277
455
Bakers
276
592
File clerks
275
490
Information clerks, n.e.c.
274
479
Sawing machine operators
273
464
Janitors and cleaners
269
478
Supervisors, food preparation and service
268
506
Helpers, construction trades
266
455
Packaging and filling machine operators
264
448
Bank tellers
264
419
Receptionists
261
379
Groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm
254
420
Hand packers and packagers
252
437
Attendants, amusement and recreation facilities
250
468
Graders and sorters, except agricultural
244
401
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants
244
441
Bartenders
239
422
Teachers' aides
234
399
Personal service occupations, n.e.c.
233
503
Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners
232
495
Stock handlers and baggers
232
485
Hairdressers and cosmetologists
230
410
Sales workers, other commodities
229
474
Garage and service station-related occupations
225
357
Sales workers, apparel
220
441
Cooks, except short order
216
364
Farm workers
215
359
Sales counter clerks
214
466
Maids and housemen
213
332
Pressing machine operators
213
367
Laundering and dry cleaning machine operators
211
349
Textile sewing machine operators
205
322
Waiters and waitresses
203
352
Cashiers
202
379
Waiters'/waitresses' assistants
199
349
Miscellaneous food preparation occupations
195
334
Kitchen workers, food preparation
191
347
Private household cleaners and servants
185
314
Child care workers, except private household
183
305
Food counter, fountain, and related occupations
167
249
Child care workers, private households
127
249
1
Occupational titles are those used for the 1980 Census of the Population. A
Occupations, PH C 80-R4 (Washington, D.C., 1982).
complete list of titles appears in U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of
2 Data not available.
the Census, 1980 Census of the Population: Classified Index of Industries and
n.e.c. = not elsewhere classified.