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Speech Backup Chronological Files
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Originally Processed With FOIA(s):
FOIA Number:
S; 2005-0999-F; 2006-0861-F
S
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
Library Staff.
Record Group/Collection:
George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
Collection/Office of Origin:
Speechwriting, White House Office of
Series:
Speech File Backup Files
Subseries:
Chron File, 1989-1993
OA/ID Number:
13842
Folder ID Number:
13842-002
Folder Title:
Somalia 1/1/93 [OA 8483]
Stack:
Row:
Section:
Shelf:
Position:
G
26
23
2
4
STATE DEPT. AF/RA/E/EP ID:202-647-0810
DEC 23'92 15:24 No.009 P.01
United States Department of State
Washington, D.C. 20520
BUREAU OF AFRICAN AFFAIRS
AF/E, AF/RA, AF/EPS
FAX COVER SHEET
11
12.23.92
Page 1 of
DATE:
Ed Walters
TO:
OFFICE:
White House Speechwriting staff
PHONE:
#
FAX #: 456.6218
Bruce E. Thomas
FROM:
AF/E - Somalia
OFFICE:
PHONE #:
647 6543 FAX #: 647-0810
SUBJECT:
Background info on Somalia,
including policy statement
on Operation Restore Hope
and succeeding phases related
to reconcilition. rehabilitation $ political
STATE DEPT. AF/RA/E/EP D:202-647-0810
DEC 23'92
15:24 No.009 P.02
BACKGROUND INFO ON OPERATION RESTORE HOPE
WE HAVE ALL SEEN THE HORRIFIC IMAGES FROM SOMALIA. THE
FIGURES ARE NUMBING. PERHAPS MORE THAN 300,000 HAVE STARVED TO
DEATH. ANOTHER 30,000 MAY HAVE DIED IN THE FIGHTING. THE
CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL ESTIMATES THAT SOME 3000 SOMALIS
COULD BE DYING EVERY DAY. MORE THAN 25 PERCENT OF CHILDREN
UNDER AGE FIVE HAVE ALREADY DIED. 1.5 MILLION PEOPLE ARE AT
RISK.
TO ADDRESS THIS CRISIS, THE U.S. IS LEADING A COALITION OF
FORCES UNDER UN AUSPICES TO ESTABLISH A SECURE ENVIRONMENT FOR
THE DELIVERY OF FOOD AND OTHER HUMANITARIAN AID IN SOMALIA.
OUR MISSION IS CLEAR, IT IS DEFINED, AND IT IS DOABLE. BUT
IT IS NOT WITHOUT RISK. ONCE SUFFICIENT ORDER IS ESTABLISHED,
WE WILL HAND THE TASK BACK TO AN EXPANDED UN PEACEKEEPING
OPERATION.
PRELUDE TO OPERATION RESTORE HOPE
WHY DID WE COME TO THIS DECISION? SIMPLY PUT, THE RELIEF
SYSTEM WAS NOT WORKING. IT WAS BROKEN. SOMEONE HAD TO FIX IT,
OR TENS OF THOUSANDS MORE WOULD DIE. ONLY WE COULD DO IT.
THE U.S. AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL DONORS HAD MADE MASSIVE
QUANTITIES OF FOOD AVAILABLE TO END FAMINE IN SOMALIA. THE
UNITED STATES ALONE HAS ALREADY COMMITTED MORE THAN $240
MILLION IN ASSISTANCE TO SOMALIA OVER THE PAST 20 MONTHS. BUT
WIDESPREAD LOOTING, FIGHTING, AND ANARCHY PREVENTED FOOD FROM
REACHING AT LEAST HALF THE POPULATION.
IN AUGUST, AT THE PRESIDENT'S DIRECTION, WE BEGAN A MAJOR
FOOD AIRLIFT FROM KENYA WHICH HAS DELIVERED NEARLY 19,000
METRIC TONS TO THE NEEDIEST AREAS IN THE SOMALI INTERIOR. THIS
WAS TO BE AN INTERIM MEASURE UNTIL A HIGH-VOLUME ROAD CONVOY
SYSTEM COULD BE DEVELOPED.
AT THE SAME TIME, THE UN CONCEIVED A PLAN TO DEPLOY 3500
PEACEKEEPING TROOPS TO SOMALIA TO SERVE AS FOOD AND CONVOY
GUARDS. WE AIRLIFTED THE FIRST 500 TROOPS FROM PAKISTAN IN
SEPTEMBER, BUT THEY WERE QUICKLY PINNED DOWN BY LOCAL GROUPS
AND WERE UNABLE TO CARRY OUT THEIR MISSION. AS THE SITUATION
IN THE COUNTRY CONTINUED TO DETERIORATE, THE REMAINING 3000
TROOPS, WHICH WERE TO BE DRAWN FROM SEVERAL NATIONS, COULD NOT
BE DEPLOYED.
STATE DEPT. AF/RA/E/EP :202-647-0810
DEC 23'92 15:25 No.009 P.03
- 2 -
THE DECISION TO SEND U.S. FORCES
GIVEN THE WORSENING HUMANITARIAN CATASTROPHE, THE PRESIDENT
DECIDED TO PROPOSE TO THE UN THE SENDING OF A MUCH LARGER
MILITARY FORCE TO SOMALIA. HE REACHED HIS DECISION AT ALMOST
THE SAME MOMENT AS UN SECRETARY GENERAL BOUTROS BOUTROS GHALI
CAME TO THE SAME CONCLUSION. SINCE THE U.S. WAS CLEARLY THE
ONLY NATION THAT COULD LAUNCH THE SORT OF EFFORT NEEDED, THE
PRESIDENT OFFERED TO HAVE THE U.S. LEAD A MILITARY COALITION OF
CONCERNED NATIONS UNDER UN AUSPICES TO PROVIDE DESPERATELY
NEEDED HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE. THE UN SUBSEQUENTLY ACCEPTED
THE PROPOSAL OF A U.S.-LED COALITION.
THE DEPLOYMENT OF COALITION FORCES FOR OPERATION RESTORE
HOPE IN SOMALIA IS PROCEEDING SMOOTHLY. WITHIN THE NEXT FEW
DAYS, WE EXPECT TO HAVE APPROXIMATELY 17,000 U.S. SOLDIERS,
SAILORS, AIRMEN AND MARINES DEPLOYED FOR COALITION OPERATIONS
IN SOMALIA (As of 12/18. Ck. with DOD regarding current
figure.). WE INTEND TO SEND A TOTAL U.S. FORCE OF
APPROXIMATELY 28,000 TROOPS INTO SOMALIA. (DOD is currently
re-thinking the actual level of troops to be deployed for
Restore Hope.)
OUR COALITION PARTNERS
WE WOULD ALSO LIKE TO EXPRESS OUR SATISFACTION WITH THE
RESPONSE OF COUNTRIES FROM AROUND THE WORLD WHO ARE COMMITTED
TO JOINING OR PROVIDING ASSISTANCE TO THE COALITION.
so FAR, APPROXIMATELY 44 COUNTRIES HAVE PLEDGED OR
EXPRESSED AN INTEREST IN MAKING MILITARY, LOGISTICAL AND
FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTIONS FOR HUMANITARIAN OPERATIONS IN
SOMALIA. THIS INCLUDES 18 NATIONS WHICH HAVE OFFERED TO SEND
FORCES TO PARTICIPATE IN THE COALITION AND/OR IN THE FOLLOW-ON
UN PEACEKEEPING FORCE. THE TOTAL NUMBER OF TROOPS INVOLVED MAY
EXCEED 16,000. AT PRESENT, U.S. FORCES IN SOMALIA HAVE BEEN
JOINED BY CONTINGENTS FROM FRANCE, SAUDI ARABIA, BELGIUM,
ITALY, CANADA AND BOTSWANA.
OTHER COUNTRIES, SUCH AS TURKEY, HAVE ALREADY SENT LIAISON
OFFICERS TO COORDINATE THE INTEGRATION OF THEIR FORCES INTO THE
COALITION.
STATE DEPT. AF/RA/E/EP ID:202-647-0810
DEC 23'92
15:25 No.009 P.04
THE SITUATION ON THE GROUND
LET ME TURN NOW TO WHAT COALITION FORCES ARE ACTUALLY DOING
IN SOMALIA. THE COALITION HAS BEEN LARGELY SUCCESSFUL IN
RESTORING SECURITY IN THE CAPITAL OF MOGADISHU. THE CITY IS
RELATIVELY QUIET AND THERE HAVE BEEN NO MAJOR ENCOUNTERS
INVOLVING COALITION FORCES AND ARMED SOMALI FACTIONS OR LAWLESS
ELEMENTS. THE MARINES HAVE SECURED THE AIRPORT AND PORT IN
MOGADISHU, PERMITTING AIRCRAFT AND SHIPS TO COME IN AND UNLOAD
VITAL SHIPMENTS OF HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE.
THIS IS A SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENT. THE INTERNATIONAL
COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS ESTIMATES THAT APPROXIMATELY 52,000
METRIC TONS OF FOOD ARE NEEDED EACH MONTH TO FEED THOSE AT RISK
IN SOMALIA. THIS AMOUNT WAS NOT BEING PROVIDED BECAUSE
FACTIONAL VIOLENCE AND THE LOOTING OF RELIEF SUPPLIES BY GANGS
OF THUGS HAD MADE IT NEARLY IMPOSSIBLE TO MOVE LARGE QUANTITIES
OF FOOD IN CONVOYS.
NOW THAT THE SECURITY SITUATION IS IMPROVING, THE FOOD IS
MOVING AGAIN. CONVOYS HAVE ALREADY MOVED A SIZABLE QUANTITY OF
THE 12,000 METRIC TONS OF FOOD THAT WAS STOCKPILED IN
MOGADISHU. A CARGO VESSEL WITH 3000 METRIC TONS OF
HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE FOR THE WORLD FOOD PROGRAM IS NOW BEING
UNLOADED AT MOGADISHU'S PORT. THIS IS THE FIRST RELIEF VESSEL
TO DOCK AT THE PORT IN TWO MONTHS. ANOTHER 32,000 METRIC TONS
OF FOOD IS MOVING THROUGH THE PIPELINE FROM STORAGE SITES IN
MOMBASA, KENYA. BETWEEN THIS MONTH AND NEXT, APPROXIMATELY
73,000 METRIC TONS OF FOOD AID FROM THE U.S. WILL ARRIVE IN
SOMALIA. AN ADDITIONAL 20,000 METRIC TONS PROVIDED BY THE
EUROPEAN COMMUNITY IS ALSO ON THE WAY. FUTURE DELIVERIES FROM
THE U.S. AND THE E.C. IN 1993 WILL TOTAL 350,000 METRIC TONS.
THE COMBINED TASK FORCE HAS EXPANDED OPERATIONS IN RECENT
DAYS TO INCLUDE BELA DOGLE, BAIDOA, KISMAYO AND BARDERA (which
will be secured by a joint U.S.-French task force of 1000 on
12/24. Merry Christmas!)
)
STATE DEPT. AF/RA/E/EP ID:202-647-0810
DEC
23'92
15:26 No.009 P.05
- 4 -
AS SOON AS THIS HAS BEEN DONE, OUR INTENTION IS TO TURN THE
FUNCTION OF PROTECTING FOOD CONVOYS OVER TO THE REGULAR UN
UNOSOM PEACEKEEPING FORCE. THIS TRANSITION FROM PEACEMAKING TO
PEACEKEEPING FORCES IS CLEARLY FORESEEN IN UN SECURITY COUNCIL
RESOLUTION 794.
ALTHOUGH WE CANNOT GIVE YOU ANY FIRM TIMETABLE, WE ARE
CONFIDENT THIS TRANSITION CAN BE ACCOMPLISHED FAIRLY RAPIDLY.
CERTAINLY, SUCCESS IN BEGINNING THE LONGTERM RECONSTITUTION OF
SOMALI SOCIETY AND GOVERNMENT IS ABSOLUTELY DEPENDENT ON IT.
UNOSOM II
FOR THE PLAN TO WORK, HOWEVER, WE NEED TO PUT TOGETHER A
FOLLOW-ON UNOSOM PEACEKEEPING FORCE OF SUFFICIENT SIZE TO
ENSURE THE CONTINUED DELIVERY OF HUMANITARIAN AID.
THE UN IS CURRENTLY WORKING ON PUTTING TOGETHER THIS FOLLOW-ON
FORCE. WE ARE WORKING ACTIVELY WITH THE UN TO ATTRACT
PARTICIPANTS. AS I NOTED EARLIER, AT LEAST 18 NATIONS HAVE
ALREADY OFFERED TO PARTICIPATE IN BOTH THE PEACEMAKING AND
PEACEKEEPING PHASES OF UN OPERATIONS IN SOMALIA. THIS SUGGESTS
THAT IT MAY NOT BE TOO DIFFICULT TO ORGANIZE THE FOLLOW-ON
FORCE.
UN EFFORTS ON NATIONAL RECONCILIATION
WE ALSO SUPPORT UN EFFORTS TO BROKER POLITICAL STABILITY.
ALL OUR GOOD WORKS COULD GO FOR NAUGHT IF WE DO NOT FOLLOW
THROUGH ON THE LONG AND DIFFICULT PROCESS ON RECONSTITUTING
SOMALI CIVIL SOCIETY AND GOVERNMENT. WE STRONGLY ENDORSE THE
WORK OF UN SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVE KITTANI AND PRESIDENT BUSH
HAS SENT AMBASSADOR BOB OAKLEY TO SOMALIA TO WORK WITH KITTANI
TO GAIN THE COOPERATION OF SOMALI FACTIONS ON SECURITY, RELIEF
OPERATIONS AND REHABILITATION.
THE UN WILL CONVENE A RECONCILIATION CONFERENCE IN ADDIS
ABABA IN EARLY JANUARY WHICH WE HOPE WILL SET THE PROCESS OF
POLITICAL RECONCILIATION FIRMLY IN MOTION.
COSTS AND FUNDING
LET ME TALK A BIT ABOUT MONEY. I KNOW THE CONGRESS IS
CONCERNED ABOUT THE COSTS OF OPERATION RESTORE HOPE. IT IS
FAIRLY CERTAIN THAT THIS WILL BE AN EXPENSIVE UNDERTAKING. WE
HAVE ALL AGREED TO MEET ALL THE COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH OUR OWN
FORCE CONTRIBUTION. ROUGH ESTIMATES ARE THAT U.S. COSTS COULD
REACH $500 MILLION FOR A TWO-MONTH PERIOD. THIS IS A LOT OF
MONEY, BUT WE BELIEVE IT IS A SMALL PRICE TO PAY FOR SAVING
HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF LIVES.
STATE DEPT. AF/RA/E/EP ID:202-647-0810
DEC 23'92 15:27 No.009 P.06
- 5 -
I WANT TO ASSURE YOU THAT WE WILL PAY FOR OUR OWN COSTS,
WHILE OTHER DEVELOPED COUNTRIES CONTRIBUTING TROOPS TO THE
OPERATION WILL BE REQUIRED TO PAY THEIR OWN WAY.
THE U.S. WILL NOT PAY FOR THE MANY POORER NATIONS WHO WOULD
LIKE TO JOIN THE COALITION. THEIR INCREMENTAL COSTS -- THOSE
NECESSARY TO TRANSPORT TROOPS TO SOMALIA AND MAINTAIN THEM
THERE -- WILL BE MET BY A SPECIAL FUND THAT IS BEING
ESTABLISHED AND MANAGED BY THE UN.
MR. CHAIRMAN, MEMBERS OF THE COMMITTEE, WE RECOGNIZE THAT
THERE ARE NO EASY SOLUTIONS FOR THE PROBLEMS OF SOMALIA AND
THAT OUR PRESENT EFFORTS THERE WILL NOT BE CHEAP. WE CANNOT
SEE INTO THE FUTURE WITH CRYSTAL CLARITY, ALTHOUGH WE ARE
CONFIDENT OF OUR COURSE. WE ACTED TO SAVE LIVES -- HUNDREDS OF
THOUSANDS OF LIVES -- AND NOTHING CAN BE MORE IMPORTANT THAN
THAT.
STATE DEPT. AF/RA/E/EP ID:202-647-0810
DEC 23'92
15:27 No 009 P.07
AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
WASHINGTON, D.C.
OFFICE OF U.S. FOREIGN DISASTER ASSISTANCE
(OFDA)
SITUATION REPORT NO. 16
December 3. 1992
SOMALIA * Civil Strife
NOTE: Information since last situation report, dated November 6, is underlined.
Diibouti
Gulf of Aden
Area Affected: All of Somalia, neighboring areas of Kenya,
Ethiopia, and Djibouti.
No. Dead: Estimates by Centers for Disease Control medical
experts in the area indicate that up to 3,000 people are dying
each day. The total death toll is unknown. but the United
Nations (U.N.) estimates that 300,000 people have died as A
result of famine and civil war. The International Committee of
the Red Cross (ICRC) estimates that more than 25 percent of
Ethiopia
Somali children under age 5 have died.
No. Affected: ICRC estimates that 1.5 million people in
Somalia face starvation due to the effects of civil strife; as many
as three times that number will need some kind of assistance
alia
(the total population of Somalia is approx. 6.5 million). Current
ar
estimates of refugees are as follows: in Ethiopia - 375,000; in
Kenya - over 304,000; in Djibouti - 20,000, (18,000 - 20,000
Mogadishu
are in camps along the southern border); in Yemen - 44,000
(many of whom are ethnic Yemeni-Somalis); in Saudi Arabia -
150,000. There are also hundreds of thousands of people
internally displaced within Somalia.
Kismayu
Total U.S. Government Assistance
FY 1991-1993:
$199,341.947
Kedya
Indian Ocean
Overview
Conditions in the northeast and northwest, where local
In recent weeks. security conditions have deteriorated in
authorities still retain some control, and food shortages
nearly every area of central/southern Somalia where the
are much less severe, remain somewhat better than in
United Nations and non-governmental organizations
the southern and central areas of Somalia.
(NGO) are working, Security incidents that have
occurred include the shelling of a WFP ship as it
There remains no functioning government in Somalia
approached the port of Mogadishu: continued looting of
and the political future of the country is uncertain.
NGO warehouses: and numerous death threats to U.N.
There is still tremendous distrust and in-fighting
and NGO personnel. Ships that are able to dock at the
between and even among clans, with each claiming hold
Mogadishu port are often unable to offload cargo due to
over a particular region. In the Somali capital of
fighting at the port. Few truck convoys have been able
Mogadishu, two rival Hawiye factions of the United
to deliver food eafely due to looting on route or upon
Somali Congress, one loyal to Ali Mahdi and the other
arrival at their final destination. It bas become clear to
siding with General Aideed, remain locked in a bitter
most involved in the relief effort that insecurity in
power struggle. A tenuous U.N.-sponsored cease-fire
Somalia has rendered current relief methods inadequate
has been in effect in Mogadishu since March 3, but the
to meet the needs of the desperate population.
city remains unstable.
STATE DEPT. AF/RA/E/EP ID:202-647-0810
DEC 23'92
15:28 No. 009 P.08
2
Relief Efforts
ICRC estimates that it currently serves about a million
people two meals a day in 646 community kitchens, and
On August 13, the U.S. Government announced several
that it provides another million with dry rations. Last
new initiatives to assist in delivery of humanitarian
week. however. ICRC was reportedly forced to cut its
relief to Somalia, Including plans to use Department of
rations in Mogsdishu down to one meal a day due to
Defense (DOD) aircraft to deliver food to locations in
lack of food and the inability of ships in the port to
northern Kenya and Somalia. On August 16, President
officed. ICRC also provides medical supplies for ten
Bush appointed A.I.D. Assistant Administrator Andrew
hospitals, administers 50 dispensaries run by local staff,
Natsios Special Coordinator for Somali Relief. On
distributes seed to farmers, and vaccinates and provides
August 21, A.I.D.'s Office of Foreign Disaster
veterinary care to sheep, goats, and camels. The ICRC
Assistance (OFDA) dispatched a Disaster Assistance
employs 1,500 local staff and 70 expatriates to carry
Response Team (DART) to Kenya to assist the DOD
out Its programs.
team in facilitating the emergency food airlifts, and to
coordinate the U.S. Government's relief effort from
Several attempts at the international level have been
Nairobi.
made this year to bring about a peaceful resolution to
the conflict in Mogadishu. Fifty unarmed U.N.
Since the U.S. Government airlift started on August 21,
ceasefire monitors have been stationed in Mogadishu,
the Department of Defense (DOD) has transported over
and # unit composed of 500 Pakistani U.N. security
16,500 metric tons (MT) of relief goods into Belet
guards has been sent to Mogadishu. The Pakistani
Weyne, Baidon, Bardera, Gialalassi, Hoddur, and
troops were recently able to gain a tenuous control of
Wajid in Somalia and into Garisea and Wajir in
Mogadishu International Airport but frequent attacks by
northern Kenya. About 2,600 MT of the total amount
armed militis continue to cause diversions of relief
airlifted was provided to Somalia refugees and Kenyan
aircraft. The U.N. guards have been unable to gain
drought affected in northern Kenya. On November 15.
control of the port and other areas due to opposition
the emergency airlift began its transition from a U.S.
from General Aideed, who controls the southern half of
military operation to & civilian operation funded by
Mogadiahu city, including the port area. The U.N. has
OFDA. The plan is for the number of OFDA-funded
been working to secure approval for the deployment of
civilian aircraft to increase while the number of U.S.
additional guards in other key regional centers such as
military aircraft decrease. allowing the U.S.
Kismayu. Once deployed, these guards will protect
Government to maintain the same level of assistance
humanitarian relief personnel and food distribution
during and after the transition. However, relief
activities.
planners agree that the airlift is only an emergency
measure, and that massive quantities of relief food will
On October 12-13, the U.N. Department of
have to enter Somalla via the roads and the ports,
Humanitarian Affairs convened a meeting of the
including through commercial channels, to prevent
international community to discuss the relief effort and
thousands from dying of starvation. Once it becomes
to develop better coordination mechanisms. The U.N.
possible to safely dock and offloed ships in the port and
presented its new 100 day action plan, which details
transport food over land. the airlift operation will likely
relief priorities for the U.N. agencies and appealed for
be scaled back or terminated.
$83 million in new contributions. or the total requested
in new contributions. $53 million has been received or
Most international relief organizations and foreign
piedged and food requirements for the 100-dav program
embassies evacuated Somalia in early 1991 due to the
have been fully resourced. The U.N. appointed Philip
precarious security situation. In August, ICRC and
Johnston, Prosident and CEO of CARE USA, to
WFP announced that together, they would deliver
manage the 100 day plan which includes delivery of
52,000 MT per month to Somalia. Both organizations
massive amounts of food aid, pursuing aggressive
have been utilizing U.S. military and OFDA-funded
expansion of supplementary feeding, provision of basic
civilian aircraft. as well as attempting to utilize major
health services and immunization against measles,
ports in Somalia to meet this goal. The German and
provision of clean water and sanitation, and building
Canadian Air Forces also contributed aircraft to WFP's
institutions and restoring civil society. A follow-up
relief airlift operation and WFP has begun airdropping
U.N. conference. scheduled December 3-5, is currently
food to reach people in areas that would otherwise-for
being held in Addis Ababa. This conference will
security or technical reasons-be inaccessible.
include representation from leaders in Somalia and will
review current activities and problems as establish
ICRC has been the primary organization to distribute
priorities for relief operations in upcoming months.
relief food and supplies throughout the country. The
STATE DEPT. AF/RA/E/EP ID:202-647-0810
DEC
23'92
15:28 No.009 P.09
3
On October 29, Ambassador Mohammed Sahnoun, the
city, including the following:
U.N. Secretary General's representative to Somalia,
resigned and was replaced by Temat Kitanni, an Iraqi
AICF: runs 4 supplementary feeding centers, 2
who is an experienced diplomat.
therapeutic feeding centers.
Situation by Region
CISP (Itelian NGO): runs 6 maternal child health
(MCH) clinics in north Mogadishu, and
Mogadishu Area
supplementary feeding centers.
The population in Mogadishu is very much in flux; the
International Medical Corps (IMC)/US: has a small
arrival of relief food has brought thousands of people
surgical team operating in south Mogadishu
into the city. According to one estimate, Mogadishu
now holds about one million needy people, with a
Irish Concern: runs a supplementary feeding center
displaced population of 350,000 400,000. The
condition of those displaced people, who settle in small,
ICRC: runs a surgical hospital and R first aid center
makeshift, "displaced camps" in and around Mogadishu
in north Mogadishu. ICRC has established 15 health
is very poor. There are an estimated 150 to 175 of
posts each in Mogadishu north and south. ICRC is
these camps in and around Mogadishu. The populations
also runs 200 general feeding kitchens run by local
of these settlements are doubly disadvantaged: first,
women's committees and the Somali Red Crescent.
they come with no resources, and therefore can not buy
the food that is available in markets in the city and
Medecins sans Frontiers (MSF)/France: runs one
second, they are not served by the WFP/CARE general
hospital and maintains a surgical team in Mogadishu
food distribution which is distributed by local residents
south; provides medical supplies to hospitals and
to Mogadishu residents. They are completely dependent
clinics.
on the ICRC kitchens.
Save the Children/UK (SCF/UK): maintains 12
Mogndishu continues to be chaotic. Despite prior
MCH/supplementary feeding centers and 10
negotiations with All-Mahdi. the Interim President of
therapeutic feeding centers.
Somalis who controls North Mogadishu as well as entry
into the Mogadishu port, a WFP ship was shelled as it
SOS International (Austrian NGO): maintains a
attempted to enter the port and was forced to retreat and
pediatric hospital in Mogadishu south and runs an
dock in Mombesas Trucks carrying relief food have
orphanage
had difficulty moving from the port - in south
Mogadishu - to north Mogadishu. Forty seven trucks
SAS (local NGO): works on garbage collection with
carrying ICRC supplies were reportedly looted at the
UNDP
border between north and south Mogadishu in late
October.
World Concern: runs 9 supplementary foeding
centers, and 3 MCH clinics.
Other security incidents involving the U.N. and NGO:
have also occurred in Mogadishu. The head of the
UNICEF: operates eight maternal-child health
Medecine sens Frontieres/France (MSF/F) delegation in
(MCH) centers; provides medical supplies and
Somalia's life was threatened by the Somalia Health
equipment to 17 other MCH centers, three hospitals,
Committee if be did not leave Mogadishu. OFDA
and several displaced persons camps. Runs 9
Somalia advisor and EC staff intervened with General
supplementary feeding centers.
Aidoed who reacinded the persons non grate order. but
threats continued. forcing the MSF/F director to depart
In additional, WFP, in cooperation with CARE, has
permanently. Also, a staff member from Action
been flying and shipping food to Mogadishu for
Internationale Contre la Falm (AICF) was shot and
distribution in the city and other areas. ICRC has also
wounded when an NGO convoy was ambushed on the
been delivering food to Mogadishu and areas north and
Gezire-Mogadisbu road. Other expatriates were shot at
south of the city.
as they ran for cover and some of the NGO vehicles
were looted.
Southern and Central Regions
Despite security problems, A number of NGOs continue
Relief workers continue to report extremely high
to provide emergency food and medical assistance to the
STATE DEPT. AF/RA/E/EP ID:202-647-0810
DEC
23'92
15:29 No 009 P.10
4
levels of acute malautrition in the south. The areas
Despite ICRC's program to feed over 50,000 people
between the Jubs and Shebelle Rivers appear to have
in Baidoa (most of whom come from other towns)
among the highest mortality and malautrition rates in
along with other relief programs, the CDC team also
the country; rural areas are particularly worrisome.
reported that general rations may be inadequate for
There are reports that there are large numbers of
the displaced population in Baidoa.
people on the banks of the Shebelle River between
Belet Weyne and Gialalassi who need urgent
The huge influx of people has put enormous stress on
assistance.
an already inadequate and polluted water supply.
Measles vaccination coverage for the population is
Relief workers estimate that there are 160,000 people
reportedly inadequate. The high mortality rate in
in Kismayu, of whom 60,000 are displaced. In the past
Baidoa is largely due to preventable and treatable
month. only one WFP ship has been able to berth at
illnesses such as ineasles and dysentery which are
the port at Kismayu due to insecurity. looting and
complicated by malantrition. The CDC team also
large-scale diversion of relief supplies. A number of
reported an ongoing outbreak of Shigella which may
NGOs are active in Kismayu: MSF/Belgium operates
lead to more deaths and which may spread to other
one supplementary feeding center and World Concern
populations in Somalia.
operates nine, as well as three MCH centers.
MSF/Belgium also staffs a hospital. Canada,
An extremely unstable security situation has further
Germany, Italy, Belgium, ICRC, and WFP have sent
complicated relief efforts in Baidoa. Incidents that
relief planes to Kismayu. UNICEF has started
occurred in November include the diversion of 10
sanitation and well improvement activities in the
CARE relief trucks to the Baidoa market and the
displaced camps in Kismayu, and operates two MCH
threatening of a CARE employee at gunpoint when
centers. OXFAM/UK has a feeding and a seed
she attempted to send one of the CARE contracted
distribution program. World Concern, MSF/Belgium
drivers back to Mogadishu. In mid-November. an
and ICRC have expanded their feeding programs to
attempt to receive a truck convoy from Mogadishu
towns along the Juba river valley.
resulted in a massive fire fight between the trucking
contractor. reportedly in caboots with the local
There are reportedly 50,000 displaced in Belet Weyne,
governor to loot the food. and airport security forces
adding to the normal population of 60,000. ICRC,
who attempted to prevent the food from being looted
Belgium, Canada, and the U.S. have airlified supplies
Along with these incidents. the regular looting of
to Belet Weyne. ICRC staff estimate they are feeding
NGO warehouses and demands for increased payment
about 33,000 people in about 21 kitchens; ICRC is
by contractors continued to make relief operations
also running two health posts and has distributed
difficult.
seeds in the area. In addition to the ICRC, SCF/UK
operates a therapeutic feeding program and four
The following relief agencies are providing assistance
supplementary feeding centers for displaced people
in Baidoa:
and the 10,000 - 15,000 Ethiopian refugees settled in
the area. IMC operates a pediatrics hospital and runs
CARE: operates 5 supplementary feeding centers,
a medical outreach program.
a seed distribution program, and general food
distributions
Baidon's population has nearly doubled, from 60,000
to 110,000 due to the influx over the last several
Catholic Relief Services (CRS): has a general
months. A CDC rapid assessment team reported that
distribution program in outlying villages
an estimated 39.3% of the displaced population living
in camps in Baidoa has died since the beginning of
GOAL: runs an orphanage, does supplementary
April 1992 The crude mortality rate among displaced
feeding and seed distribution
persons has not declined in the past 30 days as
compared to the previous seven months despite the
IMC: staffs the local hospital
amount of food being airlifted into Baidoa and the
increased number of organizations providing relief.
Irish Concern: runs 5 supplementary feeding
STATE DEPT. AF/RA/E/EP
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5
centers, one therapeutic feeding center, and has
water-borne health problems from simply utilizing the
distributed seeds
river water to wash their dishes, Oxfam has initiated
an emergency water program to chlorinate water and
ICRC: distributed seeds in the area
their program. once fully implemented will result in
the provision of an estimated three to six liters of
MSF/Holland: operates a supplementary feeding
water per person per day.
programs
ICRC, CARE, UNICEF, the International Rescue
Oxfam/U.K: rehabilitating the water system
Committee (IRC), Oxfam U.K. and AICF are running
food, medical, and water programs in Bardera.
Save the Children/U.K.: rehabilitating the water
Despite the momentary cessation of rumors that
system
General Aideed will attempt to re-take Bardera.
security remains tenuous at best. Death threats have
UNICEF: runs supplementary feeding programs
been made to NGOs in Barders and their warehouses
and an MCH center
have been looted An OFDA-funded Southern Air
Transport aircraft also returned from completing a
In addition, CARE and Irish Concern are cooperating
relief flight to Barders OR November 23 to find the
on a clean-up program for Baidoa and the
aircraft had taken a direct hit from a bullet.
surrounding area. WFP airlifts food into Baídoa, and
the U.S. Government and other donors fly into Baidoa
Hoddur is a town of 20,000 - 25,000 residents with an
regularly. Some food has managed to reach Baidoa by
unknown number of displaced temporarily settled in the
truck convoys from Mogadishu but this route has not
region. There are four relief agencies serving Hoddur:
been completely reliable due to security problems.
the ICRC runs four feeding centers each of which feed
about 2,000 people per day. Irish Concern runs
Bardera has an indigenous population of
supplementary feeding and food and sood distribution
approximately 4,000 people and approximately 11,000
programs. MSF/F operates five supplementary feeding
centers, and UNICEF has an MCH clinic and does
in a displaced camp three kilometers from the town.
supplementary feeding. Hoddur also receives food and
Most of the population fled before the takeover by
other supplies via the international airlift from
General Morgan on October 13 but many have since
Mombasa. A Centers for Disease Control (CDC) rapid
returned. The disruption in relief activities caused by
assessment team visited Hoddur in late October and
Morgan's attack combined with the already poor
reported that the high mortality rate in Hoddur was
condition of the population resulted in & rise in death
attributable to measles, diarrhea, and malnutrition. The
rates from 250 to 300 daily among displaced people in
CDC doctors reported that the most deaths were
Bardera (according to WFP). A CARE
occurring in people from outside Hoddur, suggesting
representative visiting Bardera on October 30
that relief efforts should concentrate on more rural
reported that while relief needs in Bardera were
areas.
manageable, conditions in the displaced camp were
Hoddur. considered # "secure" areas as compared to
desperate.
other sites in southern Somalia. has proven itself subject
to the name security problems as its neighboring towns.
Airlifts into Bardera resumed in early November but
In mid-November an OFDA-funded SAT aircraft was
plance are often unable to land due to security
off-loading in Hoddur when it was approached by
problems at the airstrip. There continues to be an
gunmen claiming they would shoot at the next plane
inadequate supply of food in Bardera but relief
that attempted to land. Relief workers quickly resolved
agencies agree that poor water quality is the most
the problem which was a result of local militis
critical problem. The only source of water in Bardera
demanding more food from relief personnel. and
is the Juba river which is severely contaminated.
civilian aircraft resumed flights the following day.
Adding to the contamination is the local practice of
There was also 1 civil disturbance associated with an
burving bodies in shallow graves on the banks of the
attempt to remove the Regional Governor of Hoddur
river. which results in the flow of residue into the
that resulted in guafire but no reported injuries.
river. Relief workers in Bardera have suffered from
There are approximately 304,000 Somali refugees
STATE DEPT. AF/RA/E/EP ID:202-647-0810
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More coming
The sitrep was
produced front-to-
back. We did
not notice until
transmission
had begun.
STATE DEPT. AF/RA/E/EP ID:202-647-0810
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6
currently in Kenya, and relief workers estimate that
Democratic Front (SSDF) continue. The principal port
hundreds of Somalis per day are leaving the country.
in the region, Bosaso, is functioning, and is one of the
The refugees in Kenya have brought Somalia's factional
few Somali cities where electricity is regularly provided
fighting with them, complicating relief efforts both in
to the residents.
northern Kenya-where the combination of a severe
drought and hundreds of thousands of refugees has
CARE plans to begin 8 monetization program in the
northeast soon. The ICRC veterinary program in now
produced a desperate situation-and in southern
Somaliz. On September 26, IRC signed a partnership
underway in the northeast, and Medecins du Monde
agreement with UNHCR to manage cross border
(MDM) has begun medical programs in the hospitals in
operations from Kenya into Somalia including food
Burtinle. Gardo, and Bosaso. Lutheran World Relief
distribution, immunization, sanitation and water
will begin a borehole rehabilitation program later this
programs, veterinary and agricultural rehabilitation, and
month.
food monetization. CRS and ICRC have been exploring
cross-border routes into southern Somalia as well.
Assistance Provided by the U.S. Government
(USG)
The U.S. Embassy and USAID Mission were forced to
Northwestern Region
In the midst of the chaos consuming southern Somalia,
evacuate their personnel from Somalia in early January
northwestern Somalia offers hopes for a return to
1991. U.S. Assistant Secretary of State Herman J.
normal life. The local economy in the northwest is still
Cohen has declared civil strife disasters in Somalia on
relatively vibrant, livestock production appears to be in
March 25, 1991 for FY 1991, on Nov. 19, 1991 for
good shape, and progress has been made in repairing
FY 1992, and in light of the ongoing crisis in Somalia,
some of the severe infrastructural damage sustained
on Oct. 2, 1992 for FY 1993.
during the last years of Siad Barre's regime. In
addition, northwestern Somalia has benefitted from
OFDA's Disaster Assistance Response Team (DART)
relief food leaking over the border from Somali refugee
arrived in Nairobi on August 21, and has been meeting
camps in Ethiopia. However, Somalis from the region
with the DOD team, representatives of other
complain that the government is unable to provide basic
governments, NGOs, and U.N. agencies to coordinate
services or maintain law and order. The British
the airlift and to expedite funding for relief operations
company Rimfire has been working in Hargeisa for the
in northern Kenya and Somalia. The DART is
past 18 months, and has cleared most of the mines in
currently led by Kate Farnsworth, OFDA Regional
the city and the surrounding area. There are still
Advisor for Africa. and includes health officers from
unexploded mines in other areas. In Hargeisa, relief
the Centers for Disease Control, an admin. officer, a
workers report that looting and banditry remain a
DOD lisison, a Food for Peace officer, an information
serious obstacle to relief efforts. Hostilities among the
officer, OFDA's Somalia advisor and a project officer
clans and sub-class of the Issak group have also
for northern Kenya. The team has been joined by
repeatedly disrupted commerce and prevented
technical consultants who are working with CARE to
development activities in the northwest, but there are
implement monetization programs for both northern and
signs that the clans may be settling their differences.
southern Somalia. A DART team in Mombass includes
two logisticians and an administrative officer and works
After being disrupted last year, CARE's monetization
closely with DOD. and Somalia based international
program has recommenced. CARE recently sold 500
organizations and NGOs to coordinate the relief airlift.
MT of wheat to & trader in Borbera for distribution in
the region. A Somali NGO, SORRA, has been
working on sanitation projects in Berbera and Hargeisa,
In addition to the contributions listed below, the U.S.
removing garbage and installing public toilets. Relief
government is currently expending significant funds on
workers have noted that the northwest needs
the DOD airlift into northern Kenya and Somalia,
rehabilitation assistance rather than large amounts of
which is estimated to have cost approximately $10
emergency aid.
million as of September 11.
Northeastern Region
Conditions are generally better in the northeast than in
OFDA Assistance
the south and central regions, although tensions between
Total OFDA FY 1991
$4,383,427
Islamic fundamentalists and the Somali Salvation
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7
FY 1992
Grant to CARE for monetization programs in
Nairobi-based Somalia relief coordinator
...
$157,957
northern Somalia and free food distributions in the
south
$1,457,049
Grant to IMC for 6-month emergency medical
program in Mogadishu
$607,627
In-kind contribution to ICRC of a commercial C-130
cargo plane for one month
$900,000
Additional grant to IMC for 32 charter flights
and 11 MT of medical supplies
$161,132
In-kind contribution to WFP of a commercial C-130
cargo plane for one month
$900,000
Additional grant to SCF/UK for 15 C-130 flights of
food and medicine to Mogadishu
$221,088
Grant to WFP/Avior for coordination center
for airlift
$909,000
Grant to MSF/France for emergency medical program
in Mogadishu
$383,500
Grant to MSF/France in support of water, sanitation
and feeding centers in Merca, Brava, Hoddur and
Purchase of spare parts for rehabilitation of
Wajid; and, surgical and water activities in
Mogadishu water system
$59,986
Mogadishu
$1,252,300
Grant to World Concern for 6-month health program
Grant to IMC to provide medical assistance in
in Kismayu and Lower Juba region
$245,630
Mogadishu, Belet Weyne, and Baidoa, and to purchase
medicine and medical supplies
$3,206,203
Grant to ICRC to support emergency airlift
to Belet Weyne
$2,240,000
Grant to IMC for purchase and distribution of
supplementary foods
$550,840
Grant to the United Nations Development Program
(UNDP) for air support
Grant to World Vision Relief and Development
of emergency operations
$1,392,552
(WVRD) for supplementary feeding, medicines,
agricultural packages, and shelters in Baidoa and
Grant to IMC for emergency medical care in Belet
Bardera
$1,044,000
Weyne, Mogadishu and other areas
$1,276,966
Grant to MSF/Belgium for wet feeding centers and
Grant to MSF/France for a supplemental
food distribution in Kismayu and Gelib
$419,076
feeding program in Merca
$396,650
Grant to Lutheran World Relief/Medic for
Grant to SCF/UK to continue a supplemental feeding
rehabilitation of wells
program in Mogadishu for 6 months
$277,800
in the northeast
$318,772
Grant to SCF/UK to initiate a supplemental
Grant to Irish Concern for supplementary feeding in
feeding program in Belet Weyne
$312,300
Mogadishu and Baidos
$448,307
Grant to AICF for food and water projects
Grant to CARE for seed distribution and emergency
in Mogadishu
$640,700
feeding for Baidos and Bardera
$1,376,204
Funds for OFDA Consultant Fred Cuny to travel to
Grant to SCF/UK for health care programs in
Somalia and refugee camps
northern Somalia
$167,390
in northern Kenya
$22,942
Grant to GOAL for relief activities in the Baidoa area
Pledge to ICRC for emergency food airlifts and
and food and seed distribution
$340,500
veterinary programs and the purchase of agricultural
implements and blankets
$3,000,000
Grant to International Rescue Committee (IRC) for
STATE DEPT. AF/RA/E/EP ID:202-647-0810
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8
monetization and cross-border
valued at
$26,238,300
programs
$686,468
3,750 MT of PL 480 Title II emergency assistance for
Grant to CARE for monetization
CRS
$2,167,500
programs in the south
$1,000,000
1,296 MT of PL 480 Title II wheat-soy-blend for
$26,372,939
WFP
Total OFDA FY 1992
$780,200
FY 1993
39,352 MT of additional PL 480 Title II emergency
Funding for DART members
$90,658
assistance authorized but not allocated,
valued at
$11,846,300
Funding for Southern Air Transport to provide
emergency airlift services
$5,251,770
Ocean freight for FAO rice
$5,565,100
Total USG food donations
Procurement of spare parts for water
FY 1993
$69,207,400
system
$221.601
Funds for monetization programs to be implemented by
Department of State Bureau for Refugee
NGOs
$150,000
Programs (RP)
Total RP FY 1991
$10,000,000
Funds provided to DART team to fund contracts and
grants vet to be confirmed
$2,617,895
FY 1992
Thus far in 1992, RP has pledged:
Funding for extensions to grants funded in
FY 1992
$1,033,336
$42 million to UNHCR and $28 million to ICRC for
Africa-wide programs. A substantial portion of the
Administrative support of DART
275,000
ICRC contribution is likely to be applied to operations
in Somalia. An additional $2,260,552 to UNHCR for
Total OFDA FY 1993
#9,640,260
new Mozambican refugees and new Somali refugees in
Kenya. (These figures are not included in the totals
below.)
U.S. Government food donations
In FY 1991, a total of 12,210 MT of PL 480 Title II
An earmarked contribution of $8.5 million in response
food, valued at $5,743,700 was programmed for
to UNHCR's appeal for refugees in Kenya, most of
Somalia and channelled through WFP and CARE.
whom are Somalis.
Total food donations FY 1991
$5,743,700
$564,521 to CARE/Kenya for its work with
refugees.
FY 1992
In FY 1992, FFP and USDA programmed 69,600 MT
$500,000 to the International Federation of the Red
of core, vegetable oil, non-fat dried milk, and high-
Cross to be channeled through the Kenya Red Cross for
protein supplementary food for Somalia. The estimated
assistance to Somali refugees.
value of this contribution is $50,893,700.
$336,000 to WFP for internal transport of food to
Total food donations FY 1992
$50,893,700
refugees
FY 1993
$10,000,000 to ICRC for their work on the Somalia
crisis
83,000 MT of Section 416 (b) com to WFP for
Somalia. Total cost of commodities
$3,200,000 in response to the U.N. Special
and transport
$22,610,000
Emergency Program for the Horn of Africa appeal
44,521 MT of rice, lentils, vegoil, and bulghur from
Total RP FY 1992
$23,100,521
PL 48D Title П emergency assistance for ICRC
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9
Total USG Assistance
Denmark - $7.9 million
for FY 1991-1993
$199,341,947
Finland . donated $6 million, including 3,133 MT of
food
Assistance Provided by the International
Community
France donated $3 million and 6,105 MT of food
assistance
International Organizations (see text for more
Information)
Germany - contributed $79.4 million
BC - Has provided $160,880,000 in relief assistance,
including pledges for 2 total of 206,386 MT of food
Greece- donated $80,000 and 16 MT of food
(EC contribution may overlap with some country
donations listed below; details of EC contribution may
Ireland donated $1.2 million
be obtained from OFDA)
Italy contributed $1 million
ICRC - conducting airlift; delivering food by boat;
running over 500 kitchens in southern and central
Japan - contributed $11.8 million
Somalia; providing emergency medical assistance;
distributing soods, tools, and veterinary drugs
Libya donated 7,662 MT of wheat flour
throughout the country; and providing logistical
assistance to NGOs. ICRC is also conducting tracing
Liechtenstein contributed $14,500
activities and exchange of Red Cross messages.
Luxembourg - donated $2 million
OPEC - has granted $120,000 to Somalia to purchase
food, clothing, and medical supplies for displaced
Malaysia contributed $94,250
persons to be distributed through UNICEF.
Netherlands donated $17.6 million
UNICEF . supporting airlifts to Mogadishu; supplying
health kits to MCH centers in the northwest, Mogadishu
New Zealand donated $270,000
and Kismayu working with displaced in southern
Somalia. UNICEF currently has 35 staff working in
Norway donated $2 million
Somalia.
WFP - has delivered 80,000 MT of food via airlift and
Oman - donated $3.8 million, including 3,417
boat.
Qatar - donated $279,000
WHO provided $1.2 million worth of surgical
equipment, drug kits, UNIMIX. and tuberculosis and
Saudi Arabia contributed $10 million and 2,500 MT
anti-malarial drugs to NGOs in the first half of 1992.
of food
Governments (cash and food donations only;
Sudan - donated 10 MT of food
more Information may be obtained from OFDA)
Australia - contributed $6.1 million, including 4,000
Sweden donated $22 million
MT of whest.
Austria donated $1.2 million
Switzerland - donated $3.6 million
Belgium donated $10.22 million, including 1,460 MT
Turkey - provided 162 MT of food
of wheat
United Arab Emirates donated 1,342 MT of food
Botswana - donated $272,000
United Kingdom donated $59.8 million including
Canada donated $14.9 million, including 2,600 MT
45,000 MT of food
of food
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10
Non-Governmental Organizations
Northern Somelle
The following indicates where NGO: are operational.
U.S. NGOS:
For more information on U.S. NGO activity, consult
CARE
Interaction, 202-667-8227:
Lutheran World Relief
Mogadishu
International NGOs:
U.S. NGOs:
ActionAid
CARE
Cooperazione Internationale
International Medical Corps
Handicap International
World Concern
HANDS
Lutheran World Federation
International NGOs:
Medecins Sans Frontieres/Holland
Action Internationale Contre La Faim
Oxfam
CISP
Partner Aid International
Irish Concern
Medecins du Monde
Medecins Sans Frontieres/France
Save the Children/U.K.
Save the Children/United Kingdom
Vetaid
SOS Village
Swedish Church Relief
Southern and Central Somalie
U.S. NGOs:
CARE
Catholic Relief Services
International Medical Corps
SCF/US
Dayton Maxwell
World Concern
Acting Director
World Vision Relief and Development
Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance
International NGOs:
ACCORD
Action International Contre La Faim
GOAL
bish Concern
Medecins Same Frontieres/Belgium
Medecins Sans Frontieres/France
Medecins Sans Frontieres/Holland