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A New World Order 1990-1991 [OA 8487] [1]
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A New World Order 1990-1991 [OA 8487] [1]
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Records of the White House Office of Speechwriting (George H. W. Bush Administration)
Speech Backup Alphabetical Files
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This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
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Record Group/Collection:
George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
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Speechwriting, White House Office of
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Speech File Backup Files
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Alpha File, 1987-1991
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A New World Order, 1990-1991 [1]
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26
23
3
2
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
June 26, 1991
MEMORANDUM FOR TONY SNOW
SPEECHWRITERS
RESEARCHERS
FROM:
DAN JAHN, RESEARCH INTERN
of
SUBJECT:
PRESIDENTIAL REFERENCES TO NEW WORLD ORDER
Enclosed you will find research I have done on President
Bush's use of the phrase "new world order." I have divided this
document into three sections. The first section lists words and
phrases commonly used by the President in reference to a new world
order. The second section consists of extensive quotes by the
President in which the phrase "new world order" is referred to and
expanded upon. The third section is a summary of passing
references using the phrase "new world order".
If you have any questions or further suggestions for research
projects, please let us know.
1
- PRESIDENTIAL REFERENCES TO NEW WORLD ORDER -
current to MAY 17, 1991
Words and Phrases Commonly Used By The President in Reference to
A New World Order
Peace
-opportunity for peace
-new era of peace
-enduring peace
-United Nations; a peacekeeping force
-quest for peace
Justice
-the pursuit of justice
-justice for all
Strong/Weak
-strong respect and protect the weak
Rights
-rights of the individual
-human rights
Freedom
-commonwealth of freedom
-shared responsibility for freedom
Partnership of nations
-consultation
-cooperation
-collective action
-united world response
Rule
-rule of law
-no rule by force
-no rule of the jungle
Fair Play
Security
Soviet and American Forces Working Together
-nations prosper and live together
Elimination
-of war
-of violence
Democratic Values
2
New Era
-post cold war
-no threat of terror
-reduced and controlled arsenals
August 30, 1990 News Conference on the Persian Gulf Crisis
Q. Mr. President, there are reports that there's a split in
your administration-some who want to expand the goals to
include the eventual ouster of Saddam. And also, there are
many, many suggestions for a Middle East conference that would
include in what you would call the post-postwar shape of the
world, the perennial problems of the Middle East. What do you
think on both-
The President. Well, I think on the second part of the
question that we ought to get on with the business at hand,
the shorter run business, which is the solution to this
question: the making right the situation in Kuwait, meaning
the pulling out of forces, obviously, and the restoration of
the rulers. As I look at the countries that are chipping in
here now, I think we do have a chance at a new world order,
and I'd like to think that out of this dreary performance by
Saddam Hussein there could be now an opportunity for peace all
through the Middle East.
September 11, 1990 Address Before a Joint Session of Congress on
the Persian Gulf Crisis and the Federal Budget Deficit
As you know, I've just returned from a very productive
meeting with Soviet President Gorbachev. And I am pleased
that we are working together to build a new relationship. In
Helsinki, our joint statement affirmed to the world our shared
resolve to counter Iraq's threat to peace. Let me quote: "We
are united in the belief that Iraq's aggression must not be
tolerated. No peaceful international order is possible if
larger states can devour their smaller neighbors." Clearly,
no longer can a dictator count on East-West confrontation to
stymie concerted United Nations action against aggression.
A new partnership of nations has begun.
We stand today at a unique and extraordinary moment. The
crisis in the Persian Gulf, as grave as it is, also offers a
rare opportunity to move toward an historic period of
cooperation. Out of these troubled times, our fifth objective
- a new world order - can emerge: a new era-freer from the
threat of terror, stronger in the pursuit of justice, and more
secure in the quest for peace. An era in which the nations
of the world, East and West, North and South, can prosper and
live in harmony. A hundred generations have searched for this
elusive path to peace, while a thousand wars raged across the
span of human endeavor. Today that new world is struggling
3
to be born, a world quite different from the one we've known.
A world where the rule of law supplants the rule of the
jungle. A world in which nations recognize the shared
responsibility for freedom and justice. A world where the
strong respect the rights of the weak. This is the vision
that I shared with President Gorbachev in Helsinki. He and
other leaders from Europe, the Gulf, and around the world
understand that how we manage this crisis today could shape
the future for generations to come.
The test we face is great, and so are the stakes. This
is the first assault on the new world that we seek, the first
test of our mettle.
Once again, Americans have stepped forward to share
a tearful goodbye with their families before leaving for a
strange and distant shore. At this very moment, they serve
together with Arabs, Europeans, Asians, and Africans in
defense of principle and the dream of a new world order.
That's why they sweat and toil in the sand and the heat and
the sun.
September 24, 1991 Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session at
a White House briefing for Representatives of the Arab-American
Community
Our objectives remain clear: Iraq must withdraw from
Kuwait completely, immediately, and without condition;
Kuwait's legitimate government must be restored; the security
and stability of the Persian Gulf assured; and American
citizens abroad must be protected. And finally, a fifth
objective can emerge from these; a new world order in which
the nations of the world, East and West, North and South, can
prosper and live together.
This thing is so complex over there that it's pretty
hard to give you a straight answer. Out of this, though,
there could well be a new world order. And part of that must
be the peaceful resolution of the division of Lebanon.
October 1, 1990 Address Before the 45th General Assembly of the
United Nations in New York City
The United Nations can help bring about a new day, a day
when these kinds of terrible weapons and the terrible despots
who would use them are both a thing of the past. It is in our
hands to leave these dark machines behind, in the Dark Ages
where they belong, and to press forward to cap a historic
movement towards a new world order and a long era of peace.
We have a vision of a new partnership of nations that
transcends the Cold War: a partnership based on consultation,
cooperation, and collective action, especially through
international and regional organizations; a partnership united
4
by principle and the rule of law and supported by an equitable
sharing of both cost and commitment; a partnership whose goals
are to increase democracy, increase prosperity, increase the
peace, and reduce arms This is precisely why the present
aggression in the Gulf is a menace not only to one region's
security but to the entire world's vision of our future. It
threatens to turn the dream of a new international order into
a grim nightmare of anarchy in which the law of the jungle
supplants the law of nations.
November 17, 1990 Remarks to the Federal Assembly in Prague,
Czechoslovakia
Every new nation that embraces these common values, every
new nation that joins the ranks of this commonwealth of
freedom, advances us one step closer to a new world order, a
world in which the use of force gives way to a shared respect
for the rule of law. This new world will be incomplete
without a vision that extends beyond the boundaries of Europe
alone. Now that unity is within our reach in Europe is no
time for our vision of change to stop at the edge of this
continent.
From this first crisis of the post-Cold War era comes
an historic opportunity to draw upon the great and growing
strength of the commonwealth of freedom and forge for all
nations a new world order far more stable and secure than any
we have known.
November 19, 1990 Exchange with Reporters in Paris, France
And President Gorbachev is correct. The fact that the Soviet
Union and the United States could work together not only to
achieve an arms control agreement but to start looking into
the future with harmony and in cooperation is very, very
promising for the new world order, for a Europe whole and
free, and for peace in the world. So, somehow that's been
lost today, given the understandable concerns about the
Persian Gulf.
November 19, 1990 Remarks and an Exchange with Reporters Following
a Discussion With Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in Paris, France
Q. I'd like to know if you see any irony in coming together
to sign this treaty that reduces conventional arms and
celebrates peace in Europe while you push this tough hard line
against Saddam Hussein.
The President. I don't see any irony in it whatsoever. What
I see is the fact that we're able to enter into a CFE
5
[conventional armed forces in Europe] agreement with full
cooperation and support of the Soviet Union who, heretofore,
has been an enormous adversary of the West. And now this
reduces to practically nil the tensions that have existed.
It is the farthest reaching arms control agreement in history;
and it signals the new world order that is emerging, and to
some degree has emerged, and that is the best hope for rolling
back the brutality and the aggression of Saddam Hussein, who
has nothing to do with the CFE agreement.
So, what it does is show a solidification of forces that
in recent history have been on opposite sides of some of these
questions. So, if there's any message coming out of CFE for
Saddam Hussein, it ought to be: Look what you're up against
here. Here are people that since World War II have tension
and, at times, conflict; and now they're together as they take
a gigantic step forward in arms control. And they're together
as they stand in the United Nations against your brutal, naked
aggression. So, if there's any connection, that's the message
that I'd like to see come out of all of this.
November 23, 1990 Remarks and a Question and Answer Session with
Reporters Following a Discussion with President Muhammed Hosni
Mubarek in Cairo, Egypt
President Mubarak. We are proud of this partnership
which has helped us to advance the cause of peace and the
fraternity among all nations, to stand for eradication of
injustice, and the elimination of war and violence, and to
contribute to the construction of a new world order-a world
in which all nations, big or small, have a right to live in
peace and dignity.
The President. You heard President Mubarak refer to that.
This, the integration of Arab countries into a CSCE process,
wasn't discussed but implicit in our optimistic assessment
that once Iraq is out of the way-once the Iraq-Kuwait struggle
is out of the way-we can have a new world order. And that new
world order certainly offers a much better chance for peace
for the Middle East.
Q. You said, President Bush, that a new world order
would emerge once the Gulf crisis has been solved. How do you
envisage this new world order?
The President. But as it relates to the Middle East, I
think we've got all kinds of potentials for peace, given the
fact that we've all come together almost unanimously, standing
up against this brutal dictator. And out of that and out of
the contexts that go with that, I hope we can be catalytic in
solving other problems, and I think that will lead to a new
world order that has much better chance for peace for our
children and our grandchildren.
6
December 17, 1990 Remarks and a Question and Answer Session with
Reporters
We've got an opportunity for a new world order, but
that opportunity will be lost if an aggressor gets one single
concession.
January 9, 1991 The President's News Conference on the Persian
Gulf Crisis
I listened to that 'Aziz meeting, and all he tried to do
is obfuscate, to confuse, to make everybody think this had to
do with the West Bank, for example. And it doesn't. It has
to do with the aggression against Kuwait-the invasion of
Kuwait, the brutalizing of the people in Kuwait. And it has
to do with a new world order. And that world order is only
going to be enhanced if this newly-activated peacekeeping
function of the United Nations proves to be effective. That
is the only way the new world order will be enhanced.
Q. So, the entire hope for peace then rests on Saddam
backing off from his-
The President. And it has since August 2nd-exactly.
Because this aggression is not going to stand. And there's
an awful lot at stake in terms of the new world order that it
doesn't stand. And there's a lot at stake in terms of a lot
of human life in Kuwait that it doesn't stand. And there's
a lot at stake in terms of how the coalition looks at this
that it doesn't stand. So it won't.
January 16, 1991 Address to the Nation Announcing Allied Military
Action in the Gulf
This is an historic moment. We have in this past year
made great progress in ending the long era of conflict and
cold war. We have before us the opportunity to forge for
ourselves and for future generations a new world order - a
world where the rule of law, not the law of the jungle,
governs the conduct of nations. When we are successful-and
we will be-we have a real chance at this new world order, an
order in which a credible United Nations can use its
peacekeeping role to fulfill the promise and vision of the
U.N.'s founders.
January 23, 1991 Remarks to the Reserve Officer's Association
From the day Saddam's forces first crossed into Kuwait,
it was clear that this aggression required a swift response
from our nation and the world community. What was, and is,
at stake is not simply our energy or economic security and the
7
stability of a vital region, but the prospects for peace in
the post-cold war era-the promise of a new world order based
upon the rule of law.
January 28, 1991 Remarks at the Annual Convention of the National
Religious Broadcasters
No one wanted a war less than I did. No one is more
determined to seize from battle the real peace that can offer hope,
that can create a new world order.
January 29, 1991 Address to the Congress on the State of the Union
What is at stake is more than one small country; it is
a big idea: a new world order, where diverse nations are drawn
together in common cause to achieve the universal aspirations
of mankind-peace and security, freedom, and the rule of law.
Such is a world worthy of our struggle and worthy of our
children's future.
The world can, therefore, seize this opportunity to
fulfill the long-held promise of a new world order, where
brutality will go unrewarded and aggression will meet
collective resistance.
January 30, 1991 Remarks at the 50th Anniversary Observance of
Franklin D. Roosevelt's Four Freedoms Speech
As we look around the world at the events of the past
year, we see how these very same beliefs are bringing about
the emergence of a new world order, one based on respect for
the individual and for the rule of law - a new world order
that can lead to the lasting peace we all seek, where children
will never have to repeat Quang's ordeal. And that's what's
at stake-a new chapter of human history.
February 6, 1991 Remarks at a Meeting of the Economic Club of New
York
Q. Mr. President, you have talked several times about basing
the future on a new world order. Can you give us a definition
of a new world order? And if it depends on the collaboration
between the Soviet Union and the United States, how do events
in the Soviet Union affect this concept?
The President. Well, it doesn't depend entirely on it, but it
would be greatly enhanced by a Soviet Union that goes down the
line with its commitment to market reform, to private
ownership of land, to a free economic system, to a system that
resists and does not use force to assure order amongst the
8
republics, that goes farther down the road with elections and
all the openness that I give President Gorbachev credit for.
And as well as the openness in terms of glasnost and the
reforms in terms of perestroika-we're going to continue to
support those concepts. But it was this, it was the
farsighted vision of Mr. Gorbachev that enabled us to work
together in the United Nations.
Now, my vision of a new world order foresees a United
Nations with a revitalized peacekeeping function. I think
most that follow the United Nations see the economic and
social side of the united Nations as having performed well
since it was founded. Most people that follow it find that
the peacekeeping function for the most part has not been
effective. And one of the reasons it isn't is because of the
veto in the hands of the five permanent members of the
Security Council-one of them being the Soviet Union.
When I was Ambassador 20 years ago in the U.N., we hardly
ever voted with the Soviet Union. Now, we're with them on
many, many things. So, the new world order I think foresees
a revitalized peacekeeping function of the United Nations.
But I cannot and I will not predict a Soviet Union going back,
turning its back on reform-perestroika-turning its back on
glasnost-openness. I don't believe, no matter what the
ferment in the Soviet Union today, that they're ever going to
go back to that. And I don't think anyone there wants to go
back to that.
And so it would envision, though, much more cooperation
between the United States and the Soviet Union. And on
matters of the Gulf, in international matters, not
bilateral, it envisions a greatly enhanced peacekeeping
function of the United Nations itself.
One of the reasons we have so much support for this is
that we went to the United Nations 12 times. There are 12
resolutions that speak to the Gulf, and that has mobilized
world opinion. And so when we are successful in fulfilling
all 12 of those resolutions, I think there's going to be new
credibility for the United States. But we should have and
should strive to have Soviet cooperation all along the way.
And that's why I'm not going to back off on my efforts to try
to improve relations with the Soviet Union.
Then we've left China out of the equation, and we ought
not to do that. They've been through a difficult time. I
took on some shots for trying to keep relations from China.
I was offended as anybody else was by the human rights abuses
at Tiananmen Square and spoke out on it. But I think it is
in the interest of the United States to have continued
relations with China. And I think it is vital to this new
world order that that veto hold-member of the Security Council
go along and be with us on these matters of trying to bring
peace to troubled corners of the world.
9
February 25, 1991 Remarks on the Observance of National Black
History Month
This was a war thrust upon us, not a war that we sought.
But naked aggression, such as we have seen, must be resisted
if it is not to become a pattern. Our success in the Gulf
will bring with it not just a new opportunity for peace and
stability in a critical part of the world but a chance to
build a new world order based upon the principles of
collective security and the rule of law.
March 2, 1991 Radio Address to Members of the United States Armed
Forces Stationed in the Persian Gulf
The first test of the new world order has been passed.
March 6, 1991 Address before a Joint Session of Congress on the
Cessation of the Persian Gulf Conflict
The consequences of the conflict in the Gulf reach far
beyond the confines of the Middle East. Twice before in this
century, an entire world was convulsed by war. Twice this
century, out of the horrors of war hope emerged for enduring
peace. Twice before, these hopes proved to be a distant
dream, beyond the grasp of man. Until now, the world we've
known has been a world divided-a world of barbed wire and
concrete block, conflict, and cold war.
Now, we can see a new world coming into view. A world
in which there is the very real prospect of a new world order.
In the words of Winston Churchill, a world order in which "the
principles of justice and fair play protect the weak against
the strong " A world where the United Nations-freed from
cold war stalemate-is poised to fulfill the historic vision
of its founders. A world in which freedom and respect for
human rights find a home among all nations. The Gulf War put
this new world to its first test. And my fellow Americans,
we passed that test.
For the sake of our principles-for the sake of the
Kuwaiti people-we stood our ground. Because the world would
not look the other way, Ambassador al-Sabah, tonight, Kuwait
is free. And we're very happy about that.
Tonight, as our troops begin to come home, let us
recognize that the hard work of freedom still calls us
forward. We've learned the hard lessons of history. The
victory over Iraq was not waged as "a war to end all wars
Even the new world order cannot guarantee an era of perpetual
peace. But enduring peace must be our mission.
10
March 8, 1991 Interview With Middle Eastern Journalists
New World Order
Q. Mr. President, the Gulf war is the first of its kind to
take place in the context of the new world order. How did the
new world order influence the way the world dealt with this
crisis? And what is the main lesson learned from the Gulf
War?
The President. The new world order said that a lot of
countries-disparate backgrounds, with differences-can come
together, standing for a common principle, and that principle
is: You don't take over another country by force. So, the
new world order, to the degree it's emerged, so far, has been
enhanced by this single concept that we're going to unite, no
matter what other differences we may have had, what the
bilateral problems may have been, and we're going to stand up
against aggression.
It was enhanced by a more viable United Nations, a United
Nations where the big powers didn't automatically go against
each other. In the cold war days, we'd say this is black and
the Soviets would say, hey, that's white. And you'd have a
veto, and nothing would happen. And the peacekeeping dreams
of the founders of the U.N. were dashed.
So, part of this new world order has been moved forward
by a United Nations that functioned. We might have still been
able to stand up and come to the assistance of Kuwait-the
United States. I might have said to hell with them, it's
right and wrong, it's good and evil, he's evil, our cause is
right; and without the United Nations, sent a considerable
force to help. But it was an enhanced-it is far better to
have this collective action where the world-not just the
Security Council but the whole General Assembly stood up and
condemned it.
April 13, 1991 Remarks at Maxwell Air Force Base War College in
Montgomery, Alabama
Here at Air University it's your business to read the
lessons of the past with an eye on the far horizon. And
that's why I wanted to speak to you today about the new world
taking shape around us, about the prospects for a new world
order now within our reach. For more than four decades we've
lived in a world divided, East from West; a world locked in
a conflict of arms and ideas called the cold war. Two
systems, two superpowers, separated by mistrust and
unremitting hostility.
For more than four decades, America's energies were
focused on containing the threat to the free world from the
forces of communism. That war is over. East Germany has
vanished from the map as a separate entity. Today in Berlin,
the wall that once divided a continent, divided a world in
11
two, has been pulverized, turned into souvenirs. And the
sections that remain standing are but museum pieces. The
Warsaw Pact passed into the pages of history last week, not
with a bang but with a whimper-its demise reported in a story
reported on page A16 of the Washington Post.
In the coming weeks I'll be talking in some detail about
the possibility of a new world order emerging after the cold
war. And in recent weeks I've been focusing not only on the
Gulf but on free trade agreement, the Uruguay round table
negotiations, and the essentiality of obtaining from the
United States Congress a renewal of Fast Track authority to
achieve our goals. But today I want to discuss another aspect
of that order-our relations with Europe an the Soviet Union.
Twice this century, a dream born on the battlefields of
Europe died after the shooting stopped. The dream of a world
in which major powers worked together to ensure peace; to
settle their disputes through cooperation, not confrontation.
Today a transformed Europe stands closer than ever before to
its free and democratic destiny. At long last, Europe is
moving forward, moving toward a new world of hope.
At the same time, we and our European allies have moved
beyond containment to a policy of active engagement in a world
no longer driven by cold war tensions and animosities. You
see, as the cold war drew to an end we saw the possibilities
of a new order in which nations worked together to promote
peace and prosperity. I'm not talking here of a blueprint
that will govern the conduct of nations or some supranational
structure or institution. The new world order does not mean
surrendering our national sovereignty or forfeiting our
interests. It really describes a responsibility imposed by
our successes. It refers to new ways of working with other
nations to deter aggression and to achieve stability, to
achieve prosperity and, above all, to achieve peace.
It springs from hopes for a world based on a shared
commitment among nations large and small to a set of
principles that undergird our relations: peaceful settlements
of disputes, solidarity against aggression, reduced and
controlled arsenals, and just treatment of all peoples.
This order, this ability to work together, got its first
real test in the Gulf war. For the first time, a regional
conflict- the aggression against Kuwait-did not serve as a
proxy for superpower confrontation. For the first time, the
United Nations Security Council, free from the clash of cold
war ideologies, functioned as its designers intended- a force
for conflict resolution in collective security.
In the Gulf, nations from Europe and North America, Asia
an Africa and the Arab world joined together to stop
aggression, and sent a signal to would-be tyrants everywhere
in the world. By joining forces to defend one small nation,
we showed that we can work together against aggressors in
defense of principle.
We also recognized that the cold war's end didn't deliver
12
us into and era of perpetual peace. As old threats recede,
new threats emerge. The quest for the new world order is, in
part, a challenge to keep the dangers of disorder at bay.
We must build on the successes of desert Storm to give
new shape and momentum to this new world order, to use force
wisely and extend the hand of compassion wherever we can.
Today we welcome Europe's willingness to shoulder a large
share of this responsibility. This new sense of
responsibility on the part of our European allies is most
evident and critical in Europe's eastern half.
Let there be no misunderstanding, the path ahead for
the Soviet Union will be difficult, and, at times,
extraordinarily painful. History weighs heavily on all the
peoples of the U.S.S.R. -liberation from 70 years of
communism, from 1,000 years of autocracy. It's going to be
slow. there will be setbacks. But this process of reform,
this transformation from within, must proceed. If external
cooperation and our progress toward true international peace
is to endure, it must succeed. Only when this transformation
is complete will we be able to take full measure of the
opportunities presented by this new and evolving world order.
The new world order really is a tool for addressing a new
world of possibilities. This order gains its mission and
shape not just from shared interests but shared ideals. And
the ideals that have spawned new freedoms throughout the world
have received their boldest and clearest expression in our
great country, the United States.
May 14, 1991 Proclamation 6292--Prayer for Peace, Memorial Day,
1991
Knowing that any peace purchased by the surrender of
principle can be neither genuine nor enduring, we pray for
wisdom and resolve in our efforts to avert future conflicts
and to establish a new world order based on respect for human
rights and the rule of law.
Passing references
September
-18 Rem. at a Fund Raising dinner for gubernatorial
candidate in Los Angeles, CA
(Final objective: new world order-free from threat
of terror, strong in pursuit of justice, secure in
the quest for peace) see Sept. 11
-19 Rem. at a Fundraising Dinner for Gubernatorial
Candidate Pete Wilson in Los Angeles, CA
(A new world order is something which we have sought
13
for generations) see Sept. 11
-26 Rem. at Fund Raising lunch-George Vionovich, Ohio
Gov. candidate
(New world order--final objective of the Gulf
War)
-30 Rem. U.N. World Summit for Children
(A new world order as a partnership of nations free
from the threat of terror, strong in the pursuit of
justice, more secure in the quest for peace.)
See September 11 speech
November
-22 Rem. U.S. Army Troops, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
(A new world order is a vision of a safer and better
world for our kids. The economic destiny of the
world must not be threatened by a vicious dictator.)
See November 17 speech
December
-3
Rem. Joint Session-Congress, Brazil
(Every nation that joins the commonwealth of freedom
advances us one step closer to a new world order.)
-17 Rem. A Q. and A. Session, Reporters
(We have the promise of a new world order, with the
United Nations as a peace keeping function.)
January
-9
Letter to College Students, Persian Gulf Crisis
(Lawlessness threatens the emerging new world order
--rewarding aggression would end the promise of a
new world order.)
-18 President's News Conference, Persian Gulf Conflict
(The end of the Gulf War will facilitate a new world
order, which will have a conciliatory component to
it, inviting countries to become part of the order.
Even countries that have been opposed to the U.S.
policies can join in this new world order.)
February
-1 Rem. to Community Members; Seymour, Johnson, Base
Cherry Point, Ft. Stewart (Three Speeches)
(We are seeking to create a new world order.)
-27 Rem. American Society of Association Executives
(Allied troops in the Gulf War faced a defining in
the new world order.)
March
14
-1
Press Conference-Persian Gulf Conflict
(Use of U.S. Military force will not always be a
part of the new world order.)
-4
Rem. Westinghouse Science Talent Search Banquet
(Creativity, knowledge, education, and science are
all important to a new world order, a new golden
age.)
-7
White House Statement on Mass Destruction Weapons
(There is no place for weapons of mass destruction
in the new world order.)
-7
Rem. Medal of Freedom, Margaret Thatcher
(The United Kingdom, under the leadership of
Margaret Thatcher became a leader in the new world
order.)
-18 Rem. Elie Wiesel Foundation
(Dr. Elie Wiesel of the Elie Wiesel Foundation
endorses the concept of a new world order.)
-20 Rem. Welcoming Lech Walesa
(The revolution in Poland led by President Lech
Walesa helped shape a new world order.)
-20 Declaration of Relations Between the United States
of America and the Republic of Poland
(A new world order is based on democratic values and
the rule of law)
-25 Proclamation 6265-Women's History Month
(Women in the military stationed in the Gulf fought
for a new world order.)
-27 Rem. State Department Employees
(State Department employees are actively involved
in illuminating a new world order.)
April
-24 Rem. Following Discussions-Pres. of Djibouti
(Djibouti's support of the United States gulf
initiative is indicative of a new world order.)
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LEVEL 1 - 48 DOCUMENTS
1. Public Papers of the Presidents, Remarks Following Discussions With President
T
Hassan Gouled Aptidon of Djibouti and an Exchange With Reporters, 27 Weekly
Comp. Pres. Doc. 497, April 24, 1991, 1232 words 497
APR
College in Montgomery, Alabama, 27 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 431, April 13, 1991, 373
2. Public Papers of the Presidents, Remarks at Maxwell Air Force Base War
91
2986 words
3. Public Papers of the Presidents, Remarks to State Department Employees, 27 372
Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 372, March 27, 1991, 1043 words
4. Public Papers of the Presidents, Remarks on Signing the Greek Independence
Day Proclamation, 27 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 365, March 25, 1991, 639 words 366
5. Public Papers of the Presidents, Proclamation 6265 -- Women's History Month,
1991, By the President of the United States of America, 27 Weekly Comp. Pres. 368
Doc. 367, March 25, 1991, 650 words
6. Public Papers of the Presidents, Remarks at the Welcoming Ceremony for 339
President Lech Walesa of Poland, 27 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 339, March 20, 1991,
1277 words
LEVEL 1 - 48 DOCUMENTS
7. Public Papers of the Presidents, Declaration on Relations Between the United
States of America and the Republic of Poland, 27 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 341, 342
March 20, 1991, 660 words
8. Public Papers of the Presidents, Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the
Elie Wiesel Foundation Humanitarian Award and an Exchange With Reporters, 27
Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 328, March 18, 1991, 1806 words 330
9. Public Papers of the Presidents, Interview With Middle Eastern Journalists,
27 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 275, March 8, 1991, 7518 words 282
10. Public Papers of the Presidents, White House Statement on Weapons of Mass
Destruction, 27 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 261, March 7, 1991, 412 words
261
11. Public Papers of the Presidents, Remarks Upon Presenting the Presidential
Medal of Freedom to Margaret Thatcher, 27 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 264, March 7, 265
1991, 1744 words
12. Public Papers of the Presidents, Address Before a Joint Session of the
Congress on the Cessation of the Persian Gulf Conflict, 27 Weekly Comp. Pres.
215/9
Doc. 257, March 6, 1991, 2792 words
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6 weeks?
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LEVEL 1 - 48 DOCUMENTS
13. Public Papers of the Presidents, Remarks at the Westinghouse Science Talent 251
Search 50th Anniversary Banquet, 27 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 249, March 4, 1991,
1713 words
14. Public Papers of the Presidents, Radio Address to United States Armed Forces
Stationed in the Persian Gulf Region, 27 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 245, March 2, 246
1991, 780 words
MAR
15. Public Papers of the Presidents, Press Conference on the Persian Gulf 237
Conflict, 27 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 234, March 1, 1991, 5569 words
91
16. Public Papers of the Presidents, Remarks at a Meeting of the American 224
Society of Association, 27 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 217, February 27, 1991, 2256
words
17. Public Papers of the Presidents, Remarks on the Observance of National 145-6
Afro-American (Black) History Month, 27 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 208, February
25, 1991, 2163 words
18. Public Papers of the Presidents, Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session
at a Meeting of the Economic Club of New York in New York City, 27 Weekly Comp.
141
Pres. Doc. 139, February 6, 1991, 7627 words
SAUG 30
5
Nov 1
9
Dec 17A
PASSING Multion
2
Sept 11
Nov 19A
Sept 24. Dec 3.
6
Sept 26. Dec17
3
Sept 19
J
Nov 19B
4
Oct /
8
Nov
LEVEL
1
-
48
DOCUMENTS
Sept 30
Nov 22
19. Public Papers of the Presidents, Remarks to Community Members at Cherry 109
Point Marine Corps Air Stations in North Carolina, 27 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc.
109, February 1, 1991, 1136 words
20. Public Papers of the Presidents, Remarks to Community Members at Seymour
111
Johnson Air Force Base in Goldsboro, North Carolina, 27 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc.
110, February 1, 1991, 1321 words
FEB
21. Public Papers of the Presidents, Remarks to Community Members at Fort
91
Stewart, Georgia, 27 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 112, February 1, 1991, 1435 words 11B
22. Public Papers of the Presidents, Remarks at the 50th Anniversary Observance 97
of Franklin D. Roosevelt's Four Freedoms Speech, 27 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 96,
January 30, 1991, 850 words
23. Public Papers of the Presidents, Address Before a Joint Session of the
90
Congress on the State of the Union, 27 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 90, January 29, 95
1991, 4018 words
24. Public Papers of the Presidents, Remarks at the Annual Convention of the
National Religious Broadcasters, 27 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 87, January 28, 1991
1736 words
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25. Public Papers of the Presidents, Remarks to the Reserve Officers Association 73
27 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 72, January 23, 1991, 1314 words
26. Public Papers of the Presidents, The President's News Conference on the
58
Persian Gulf Conflict, 27 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 55, January 18, 1991, 2864
words
27. Public Papers of the Presidents, Address to the Nation Announcing Allied SI
Military Action in the Persian Gulf, 27 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 50, January 16,
1991, 1516 words
28. Public Papers of the Presidents, The President's News Conference on the
Persian Gulf Crisis, 27 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 23, January 9, 1991, 4236 words
YC
JAN
29. Public Papers of the Presidents, Open Letter to College Students on the
91
Persian Gulf Crisis, 27 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 30, January 9, 1991, 879 words
1934
30. Public Papers of the Presidents, Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session
With Reporters, 26 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 2043, December 17, 1990, 1890 words
2045
31. Public Papers of the Presidents, Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session
With Reporters Following Discussions With Allies on the Persian Gulf Crisis, 2048
LEVEL 1 - 48 DOCUMENTS
Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 2045, December 17, 1990, 1664 words
PEC
32. Public Papers of the Presidents, Remarks to a Joint Session of the Congress
in Brasilia, Brazil, 26 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 1971, December 3, 1990, 2289
1972m
words
33. Public Papers of the Presidents, Remarks to Community Members in Monterrey,
Mexico, 26 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 1917, November 27, 1990, 1852 words
1911
34. Public Papers of the Presidents, Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session
With Reporters Following Discussions With President Mohammed Hosni Mubarak in 1908
Cairo, Egypt, 26 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 1908, November 23, 1990, 4744 words
35. Public Papers of the Presidents, Remarks to United States Army Troops Near
Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, 26 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 1900, November 22, 1990, 1670
1901
words
36. Public Papers of the Presidents, Remarks and an Exchange With Reports
Following Discussions With Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher of the United
1865
Kingdom in Paris, France, 26 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 1864, November 19, 1990,
2736 words
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37. Public Papers of the Presidents, Exchange With Reporters in Paris, France, 1873
Nova
26 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 1873, November 19, 1990, 688 words
38. Public Papers of the Presidents, Remarks to the Federal Assembly in Prague, 1853
Oct
Czechoslovakia, werks? 26 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 1851, November 17, 1990, 2133 words
39. Public Papers of the Presidents, Address Before the 45th Session of the 1496
go
United Nations General Assembly in New York City, 26 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 1498
1496, October 1, 1990, 2674 words
United Nations World Summit for Children in New York City, 26 Weekly Comp. Pres.
40. Public Papers of the Presidents, Remarks at the Opening Ceremony of the 1489
Doc. 1488, September 30, 1990, 1076 words
41. Public Papers of the Presidents, Remarks at a Fundraising Lunchean for 1457
Gubernatorial Candidate George Voinovich in Akron, Ohio, 26 Weekly Comp. Pres.
Doc. 1453, September 26, 1990, 3240 words
42. Public Papers of the Presidents, Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session 1433
at a White House Briefing for Representatives of the Arab-American Community, 26
Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 1432, September 24, 1990, 3654 words
LEVEL 1 - 48 DOCUMENTS
43. Public Papers of the Presidents, Remarks at a Fundraising Luncheon for 1407
Gubernatorial Candidate Pete Wilson in San Francisco, California, 26 Weekly
Comp. Pres. Doc. 1407, September 19, 1990, 2518 words
44. Public Papers of the Presidents Remarks at a Fundraising Dinner for
Gubernatorial Candidate Pete Wilson in Los Angeles, California, 26 Weekly Comp.
Pres. Doc. 1404, September 18, 1990, 2204 words
EPT
45. Public Papers of the Presidents, Address Before a Joint Session of the
1359
go
Congress on the Persian Gulf Crisis and the Fedseral Budget Deficit, 26 Weekly 1362
Comp. Pres. Doc. 1358, September 11, 1990, 3276 words
AUGUST
46. Public Papers of the Presidents, The President's News Conference on the
1306
90
Persian Gulf Crisis, 26 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 1304, August 30, 1990, 4487
words
47. Public Papers of the Presidents, Remarks at a Fundraising Dinner for
Gubernatorial Candidate Pete Wilson in San Francisco, California, 26 Weekly
Comp. Pres. Doc. 329, February 28, 1990, 2152 words
48. Public Papers of the Presidents, Visit of President Soeharto of Indonesia,
Toasts at the State Dinner., 18 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 1299, October 12, 1982
AUG Sept Oct Nov Dec
/ 6 1(?)6 3
LEXIS® NEXIS LEXIS® NEXIS®
Administration of George Bush, 1990 / Sept. 18
world. A week ago tonight, I went before
And let me note the good news from our
the Congress and the American people to
allies. West Germany has pledged to sup-
discuss two urgent yet interrelated matters:
port the mission with almost $2 billion and
the aggression in the Middle East-and,
provide transport ships and planes. Japan
Rabbi, thank you for your overly generous
has now pledged a package worth $4 bil-
comments, sir-and the Federal budget def-
lion. France has added another 4,000
icit.
troops. And Great Britain has sent 120
Even before the Persian Gulf crisis, we
tanks, 6,000 troops-the famous Desert Rats
were already more economically vulnerable
that some of us remember from World War
than we should ever be, especially with a
II. It is truly, then, Iraq against the world.
projected Federal deficit of $232 billion. So,
We've also put tight sanctions into effect
I told the Congress-and I know that Pete
while working with the United Nations Se-
Wilson agrees-that we must address our
curity Council to allow food to reach inno-
budget deficit not in 1991 or '92 but right
cent children, mothers, the sick, and the
now.
We need a budget agreement that meets
elderly. And we've been working with
four basic tests. It must include measures to
many nations to get relief to the most piti-
increase economic growth and cut our na-
ful victims of this conflict-I'm talking
about those thousands and hundreds of
war
tional dependence on foreign oil. It must be
fair: Everyone should be called upon to
thousands of refugees, those that can afford
-
make a sacrifice, but no one should bear the
it the least, humbled in the desert off the
Drug
burden alone. A budget agreement should
Iraq border.
many
address the growth of the Government's
I spoke of our four objectives. But we
significant
hidden liabilities, and it must reform the
have another, final objective; and that is to
fight
budget process. And one thing more: We
create a new partnership of nations, a new
and
SO
can cut this budget without hurting the
world order-freer from the threat of
the
one
right
economy; without another phony-baloney
terror, stronger in the pursuit of justice,
making.
waging
plan; with an agreement that is credible,
more secure in the quest for peace. The
to you,
real, and enforceable-one that will save
international community has already taken
the citizens out
America half a trillion dollars in 5 years.
a giant step toward that day. Together with
of life that are
I also told the Congress that if America
our friends and allies, ships of the United
against drugs. We
remains strong at home, America can con-
States Navy are patrolling the Mideast
and. again, all of
tinue and will continue to lead abroad. But
waters. Already intercepted more than 700
pitching in.
there's another component of American
ships to enforce these sanctions against Iraq.
to be back with so
leadership that has no price tag, none at all,
And the world is simply telling Saddam
back here in this
and I'm talking about the men and women
Hussein [President of Iraq], we will not give
the people who
who are serving this country in the Persian
in to intimidation.
dn't stop looking for
Gulf. America is a mighty nation, but we
On matters like these, we are called upon
trail stopped at the
are a great nation only because of those
to put country before self, and patriotism
it's why this State is
who are ready to leave the comfort of their
before party. And so, it's good that politics
mers are the doers
homes in Oceanside or San Bernardino to
now are stopping at the water's edge, but
ading America into
serve on the front line halfway around the
that still leaves a lot of America in between.
it think of anyone
world in defense of freedom. America is
And from Long Beach to Long Island, we
California into that
great because its courage is great.
should and we will vigorously campaign
Governor, Pete
And we all wish their job was done, but
right up to the November election. And for
we know that it's not. Certain objectives
those of us at home, we can serve our coun-
orry that Barbara's
must be met: Iraq must withdraw from
try by being the best candidates, the best
ut she thinks the
Kuwait without condition. Kuwait's legiti-
citizens and, yes, the best Republicans and
do. And both of us
mate government must be restored. The se-
Democrats we can be.
as you go down
curity and stability of the Persian Gulf must
I am sure every Democrat agrees: We
be assured. And American citizens abroad
will not allow our political life to be held
tonight about Pete
must be protected. These objectives are not
hostage to a crisis. When Californians go to
in California, but
ours alone. They've been endorsed by the
the polls, absentee ballots will be coming in
two matters that
United Nations Security Council 6 times in
from Americans in uniform, including those
of America and the
7 weeks.
stationed in the Persian Gulf region. And if
1405
Administration of George Bush, 1991 / Jan. 29
countries AS well He
America has always been a religious
Note: President Bush spoke at 9:03 a.m. in
inevitable war
nation, perhaps never more than now. Just
the ballroom of the Sheraton Washington
var never come
look at the last several weeks-churches,
Hotel. In his remarks, he referred to Jerry
er without the Ross
synagogues, mosques reporting record at-
Rose and Brandt Gustavson, president and
hat 15 war's greatest
tendance at services; chapels packed during
executive director of the National Religious
var must be fought for
working hours as Americans stop in for a
Broadcasters, and President Saddam Hus-
our gravest obligation
moment or two. Why? To pray for peace.
sein of Iraq.
n proportion to the
And I know-of course, I know-that some
y we must act reason-
disagree with the course that I've taken,
nake every effort pos-
and I have no bitterness in my heart about
to a minimum. And
that at all, no anger. I am convinced that
Remarks Prior to Discussions With
ery proud of our mili-
we are doing the right thing. And tolerance
end.
Foreign Minister Ahmed Esmat Abdel
is a virtue, not a vice.
Meguid of Egypt
day of the war. the
But with the support and prayers of so
var against Saddam's
many, there can be no question in the
January 29, 1991
g everything possible.
minds of our soldiers or in the minds of our
hurting the innocent
May I just say welcome to the Egyptian
enemy about what Americans think. We
anton. barbaric bomb
journalists, and we're glad you're here.
know that this is a just war. And we know
America and her allies
I might violate a rule here. I normally
that, God willing, this is a war we will win.
that Saddam Hussem
don't have much to say in the Oval Office,
But most of all, we know that ours would
ate, his indiscriminate
but I would like to take this opportunity to
not be the land of the free if it were not
issiles-nothing more
express my appreciation to the Egyptian
also the home of the brave. No one wanted
or, they can offer no
Government, specifically to President Mu-
war less than I did. No one is more deter-
weapons of terror - it
barak and to Foreign Minister Meguid, for
hat he has done.
mined to seize from battle the real peace
standing shoulder-to-shoulder with the coa-
that can offer hope, that can create a new
always high. And so, it
lition, leading it in many ways, and for the
world order.
undertaken with
steadfast position that Egypt has taken in
a successful outco
When this war is over, the United States,
trying to counteract this aggression by
its credibility and its reliability restored,
Saddam Hussein. It's been a miraculous-a
when victory can
ged that this will not
will have a key leadership role in helping to
strong, wonderful leadership coming out of
And let me reassure
bring peace to the rest of the Middle East.
Egypt, and we are very grateful. And I'm
on't be another Viet
And I have been honored to serve as Presi-
very happy that I can say that here from
dent of this great nation for 2 years now
the bottom of my heart.
ve are very fortunate,
and believe more than ever that one cannot
Thank you all very much.
IC finest armed forces
be America's President without trust in
all-volunteer force,
God. I cannot imagine a world, a life, with-
Note: President Bush spoke at 1:40 p.m. in
allies. And we will
out the presence of the One through whom
the Oval Office at the White House. In his
ve the finest soldiers,
all things are possible.
remarks, he referred to President Saddam
ies, and coastguards-
During the darkest days of the Civil War,
Hussein of Iraq.
as ever had.
a man we revere not merely for what he
ill prevail because of
did but what he was, was asked whether he
erican people, armed
thought the Lord was on his side. And said
and in the principles
Abraham Lincoln: "My concern is not
Remarks and an Exchange With
-people like each of
whether God is on our side, but whether
Reporters Prior to Discussions With
dute Voice of Hope's
we are on God's side." My fellow Ameri-
Foreign Minister Hans Van den Broek
ig for U.S. and allied
cans, I firmly believe in my heart of hearts
of The Netherlands
and your Operation
that times will soon be on the side of peace
January 29, 1991
rship services for our
because the world is overwhelmingly on the
others. the man who
side of God.
Q. Mr. President, could the third time be
a wonderful prayer
Thank you for this occasion. And may
the charm here, sir? Could we ask you
over here across
God bless our great country. And please
The President. What he doesn't under-
he Reverend
I
remember all of our coalition's armed
stand is that I don't take questions at these
forces in your prayers. Thank you, and God
photo opportunities. Of course, our
bless you.
guests
89
Administration of George Bush, 1991 / Jan. 9
e world. It is the
12 resolutions,
Q. Would he be killed, Mr. President?
tion, on the outside will say, there must be
the General As-
Would he be killed if it came to war?
more than this. There must be some back-
lations-100-plus
The President. I'm not going to answer
channel diplomacy. There must be some-
gainst the dicta-
that. I don't know the answer to that ques-
thing going on. We can't be rushing head-
n't need to be a
tion.
long into war this way. Can you tell us that
We tried that.
Q. Mr. President, you seem to have ruled
there is nothing, that it is what we appear
an intransigent
out further diplomacy as a-
to be getting-that Saddam isn't going to
The President. No, you missed what I
move and we're going to war?
iplomacy can be
said, ma'am-Ellen, about the Secretary-
The President. I'm not going to use that
in the context in
General, possibly. The EC has tried-I'll get
phrase. I am going to say, if Saddam doesn't
re passed. And I
back to you. Let me finish this one train of
move, we are going to fully implement Res-
would have an
thought and then I'll come to your ques-
olution 678. And it will be fully complied
with the Ameri-
tion-the EC has tried, and, indeed, we see
with.
oday-nothing-
'Aziz saying no, he wouldn't meet with the
man is going to
foreign ministers. You've seen President
But I wish I could tell you I'm more
Terry's question,
Chadli Bendjedid of Algeria to try.
hopeful. There is no back channel. We've
that he'll come
I told the Congressmen, I want to see us
tried it directly. I've had to level, and prop-
eep trying. We
go the last step for peace. I want to use
erly so, with our coalition partners as to
t down to the
everything at my power to encourage
what I'm doing, and they've leveled with
people to try. And, indeed, there have
us, leveled with the United Nations Security
been. Arab League has tried. Over and over
Council members who are not involved in
"keep trying."
General of the
again, people have tried. And they run up
the coalition with force-for example, the
against the same answer. I remember the
Soviets. A lot of avenues have been tried.
of State Baker
speculation that came out here in our
But I can't tell you that there's any hidden
at exactly could
papers in this country about a visit by a
agenda out there, secret negotiations—
o alternative to
French delegate that was going over there.
there is not. And it wouldn't be right for us
The hopes were raised. Nothing happened.
to be off telling you one thing openly here
re. What would
So, I just had to argue with the premise
and then going around behind the corner
been? It might
because there has been a lot of diplomacy
with some secret channel. So, I would like
man that he is
and there may be more.
to say if there's any feeling that that's hap-
force. He's up
Now, excuse me for interrupting you.
pening, it isn't happening.
going to yield.
Q. Sir, you seem to be very skeptical that
Q. So, the entire hope for peace then
n under which
further diplomacy would work. And yet
rests on Saddam backing off from his-
and there will
you've said here today that you haven't
The President. And it has since August
see, Ann [Ann
given up on a peaceful solution. I wonder
2d-exactly. Because this aggression is not
O back to my
where it is you find this hope for a peaceful
going to stand. And there's an awful lot at
elt this up until
solution?
stake in terms of the new world order that
think he's felt
The President. I'm not sure I have great
it doesn't stand. And there's a lot at stake in
inst him, and I
hope for it. But I think when human life is
terms of a lot of human life in Kuwait that
were, he'd pre-
at stake, you go the extra mile for peace.
it doesn't stand. And there's a lot at stake in
nts.
And that's what we have tried to do. And I
terms of how the coalition looks at this that
ve been reports
will continue to think of reasons—I told
it doesn't stand. So, it won't.
if it comes to
President Mitterrand, I said, look, if you
Q. Mr. President, you said that when you
of Kuwait mili-
think of a new approach, or I do, please,
first proposed high-level talks between Iraq
power. Is he
let's one or the other get on the phone and
and the United States that it was because
try. But we remain determined that these
you were convinced the message had not
S wrong on all
resolutions are going to be complied with. I
gotten through, had not gotten across. Are
what would
am very concerned that sanctions-I know
you now convinced that the message had
d forbid.
sanctions alone aren't going to get this job
gotten across?
ere. And then
done. And so we're pushing here, and that's
what the Baker meeting with 'Aziz was
The President. Well, I did listen carefully
hen I've got to
about. I'm not going to give up, though.
to Mr. 'Aziz, who I thought spoke quite
arren, Knight-
Karen [Karen Hosler, Baltimore Sun]?
well. I didn't agree with what he was trying
Q. A lot of people, in looking at the situa-
to do, obviously, to confuse the issue by
refusing to discuss the point at hand, which
27
Nov. 23 / Administration of George Bush, 1990
never felt more sure of that than I do
that this invading dictator gets out of 1
today.
Kuwait-then I think that it's clear we're
Q. If I may follow. The question, as I'm
going to have an opportunity, given the di-
sure you know with your expertise in for-
versity of this coalition, to work more close-
eign affairs, is that you can do much of
ly together. And part of that-I want to see
what you want to do diplomatically with a
a solution to the question of the West Bank,
phone call, without a meeting that rewards
for example. But I think if we work coop-
terrorism.
eratively as are-with our common sights
President Bush. That what?
set-this aggressor will not succeed-it
Q. If you wanted to meet, or if you
opens up all kinds of possibilities for a new
wanted to speak to President Assad about
world order.
the Gulf situation, you could do that, as you
We're already seeing that world order
often do, with a telephone call. But the alle-
means world. And we're beginning to see
gation is that if you meet him personal-
that with what happened out of the-well,
just as a result of the actions that led up to
President Bush. I've already had a tele-
this successful CSCE meeting. I'm going
phone call with him. Now we're going to
down to South America, and the evolving
have a meeting. That should no way indi-
democracies there are strengthening their
cate that there are no differences between
economies, and we've got a program that I
the United States and Syria on a wide array
think will be very helpful there.
of questions. There are; everybody knows
But as it relates to the Middle East, I
that. But we are together on this question,
think we've got all kinds of potentials for
and now I want to be sure that we are
peace, given the fact that we've come to-
solidly together in every way. And that is in
gether almost unanimously, standing up
the interest of every country.
against this brutal dictator. And out of that
President Mubarak. Could I add some
and out of the contexts that go with that, I
words?
hope we can be catalytic in solving other
President Bush. Yes, please.
problems, and I think that will lead to a
President Mubarak. I think no prob-
new world order that has much better
lem-it's not a big problem just to-that
chance for peace for our children and our
President Bush could meet with President
grandchildren.
Assad. As far as their meeting for peace
So, that is the optimistic part of all of this.
questions, we should encourage that. The
Right now we're facing a brutal dictator,
whole world needs peace. Whenever there
and we've got to do something about it-a
is peace, there is stability. And a telephone
man that's holding hostages and all of this.
call-there is great difference between solv-
It's just unconscionable what the man is
ing the problem, some problems, with tele-
doing. But as we unite and as we prove to
phone calls and sitting with each other and
be successful-and we will be successful-I
have direct talks. This may be, in some
think we can then see all around this con-
issues, very effective. Thank you.
cept that aggression will not pay, that we
President Bush. This, I'm told by our
have a better shot for world peace. And I
leader over here on the right, not on the
will work my hardest to be sure that the
left this time, is the last question.
United States plays an active role in that,
New World Order
whether it be in the Middle East or wheth-
Q. You said, President Bush, that a new
er it be in the rest of the world.
world order would emerge once the Gulf
That is the exciting part. The more trou-
crisis has been solved. How do you envisage
bling aspect is how do we get this brutal
this new world order?
dictator out of Kuwait now? And that one
President Bush. Well, I envisage it, one,
we've been talking about.
where the whole-once we're-let me start
President Mubarak. Thank you.
over. Once we set back this aggression, and
President Bush. Thank you all.
once it is clear that the security and the
stability of the Gulf are enhanced by what-
Note: President Mubarak spoke at 12:35 p.m.
ever arrangements are set into place-once
in the main hall of Itihahdia Palace. Prior to
1914
Feb. 23 / Administration of George Bush, 1991
passed by the United Nations Security
many members of our administration: our
Council.
Vice President, of course; and Lou Sullivan;
Regrettably, the noon deadline passed
Jack Kemp; Lynn Martin; of course, the
without the agreement of the Government
Chairman of our Joint Chiefs, General
of Iraq to meet demands of United Nations
Powell; Connie Newman; Art Fletcher; and
Security Council Resolution 660, as set forth
so many more. I salute our red-coated spe-
in the specific terms spelled out by the coa-
cial guests. You bring honor to this place,
lition to withdraw unconditionally from
and we're delighted to have you here.
Kuwait. To the contrary, what we have
I know that the issue on all of our minds
seen is a redoubling of Saddam Hussein's
is the war in the Gulf. And I'm glad to
efforts to destroy completely Kuwait and its
report, after consultation a few minutes ago
people.
with Chairman Powell, General Powell, that
I have, therefore, directed General
the news is good. Coalition air and ground
Norman Schwarzkopf, in conjunction with
forces are advancing on their objectives.
coalition forces, to use all forces available,
Enemy prisoners are surrendering in large
including ground forces, to eject the Iraqi
numbers-large numbers. And thus far,
army from Kuwait. Once again, this was a
thank God, U.S. and coalition casualties are
decision made only after extensive consulta-
few.
tions within our coalition partnership.
The liberation of Kuwait is on course and
The liberation of Kuwait has now entered
on schedule. We have the initiative. We
a final phase. I have complete confidence in
intend to keep it. We must guard against
the ability of the coalition forces swiftly and
euphoria; there are battles yet to come and
decisively to accomplish their mission.
casualties to be borne. But make no mis-
Tonight, as this coalition of countries
take, we will prevail. Kuwait will soon be
seeks to do that which is right and just, I
free, and America's men and women in uni-
ask only that all of you stop what you are
form will return home to the thanks and
doing and say a prayer for all the coalition
respect of a grateful nation.
forces, and especially for our men and
This was a war thrust upon us, not a war
women in uniform who this very moment
that we sought. But naked aggression, such
are risking their lives for their country and
as we have seen, must be resisted if it is not
for all of us.
to become a pattern. Our success in the
May God bless and protect each and
Gulf will bring with it not just a new oppor-
every one of them. And may God bless the
tunity for peace and stability in a critical
United States of America. Thank you very
part of the world but a chance to build a
much.
new world order based upon the principles
of collective security and the rule of law.
Note: President Bush spoke at 10 p.m. in
But today, we're here to celebrate the
the Briefing Room at the White House. In
proud spectrum of black achievement. For
his address, he referred to President
we recognize that black history, this rich
Saddam Hussein of Iraq. The address was
tale of roots and purpose and pride, is really
broadcast live on nationwide radio and tel-
everyone's history.
evision. A tape was not available for verifi-
cation of the content of this address.
And something else, too-you know, in
the midst of war we find ourselves thinking
about heroes. Well, this is the time to espe-
cially think of black heroes. Those who, by
their fierce conviction, showed no race has
Remarks on the Observance of National
a monopoly on idealism or excellence. And
Afro-American (Black) History Month
we must tell stories of black successes to
February 25, 1991
every child in our country because we need
heroes. We need them as much as we need
Thank you very much. It is a great, great
our dreams. And black Americans hav
pleasure for Barbara and me to welcome
always provided both.
you all to the White House. It's good to see
A few nights ago, General Tony McPeak,
so many friends here today, including so
the Chief of Staff of our Air Force, and an
208
Sunday or in each year as
So, all three have been extraordinarily busy,
"National School Lunch Week' and re-
as I know you have. But I want to welcome
quested the President to issue a proclama-
you to the White House-a pleasure to see
tion in observance of that week.
so many distinguished leaders of the Arab-
Now, Therefore, I, George Bush, Presi-
American community here.
dent of the United States of America, do
I'm told that Congressman Nick Rahall is
hereby proclaim the week beginning Octo-
ber 14, 1990, as National School Lunch
here. Nick, where are you? Oops, way back
there-modestly sitting in the back. I don't
Week. I call upon all Americans to recog-
understand that, but he ought to be in the
nize those dedicated and hardworking indi-
viduals who contribute to the success of the
front row because he's of good conscience
School Lunch Program.
and he helps me understand the heartbeat
In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set
in some of these Arab communities, and
my hand this twenty-fourth day of Septem-
certainly in the Arab-American community.
ber, in the year of our Lord nineteen hun-
And I'm grateful to him that he took the
dred and ninety, and of the Independence
time to be with us today.
of the United States of America the two
I'm going to keep my remarks brief be-
hundred and fifteenth.
cause in the words of the famous Arab-
American poet, Kahlil Gibran, "We shall
George Bush
never understand one another until we
reduce the language to seven words." Well,
[Filed with the Office of Federal Register,
I've got a few more than seven words, so
4:23 p.m., September 24, 1990]
please indulge me. But I won't keep you
too long.
I am honored that you could be with us
to discuss the vital issue of our collective
Remarks and a Question-and-Answer
security, both abroad and at home. And I
Session at a White House Briefing for
understand that you've had a good briefing.
Representatives of the Arab-American
I heard a couple, and I don't know whether
Community
you've had others as well, but those were
September 24, 1990
good on the situation in the Gulf. I've never
seen an issue, certainly since I've been
The President. Welcome to the White
President, that just pervaded the thoughts
House. Thank you very, very much. First,
of everybody in our country. You, more
let me thank Richard and Paul. I've been
than most, I think, understand what's at
doing a little homework listening-hey,
stake here. And our action in the Gulf is not
Bill-listening to your questions and saying,
about religion, nor is it about greed or cul-
thank God I don't have to answer any of
ture or imperialist ambitions, as Saddam
them, because I'm—[laughter]-but I'm
Hussein [President of Iraq] would have the
here to just make a few comments. And I
world believe. Our action in the Gulf is
want to start by thanking both the gentle-
about our determination to stand up with
men that are behind me here, and those
other nations against aggression, and to pre-
with whom they work-in Richard's case,
serve the sovereignty of nations. It is about
Brent Scowcroft; in Paul's case, Secretary
keeping our word and standing by our
Cheney-and all the team that we have.
friends. It is about our vital national securi-
But these two individuals have worked
ty interests and ensuring peace and stability
night and day during this series of events
in the world. So, to sum it up: It is about
that are called on the evening news, and
principle.
properly so, the Gulf crisis. So, to both of
Our objectives remain clear: Iraq must
you, my sincere thanks. And this one over,
withdraw from Kuwait completely, immedi-
too, here that some of you know, John
ately, and without condition; Kuwait's legiti-
Sununu. He's been concentrating a lot on
mate government must be restored; the se-
trying to do something about the budget
curity and stability of the Persian Gulf as-
deficit, and the same time being at my side
sured; and American citizens abroad must
1432
ems in the Gulf.
be protected. And finally, a fifth objective
sition is clear, calling for negotiations based
raordinarily busy,
can emerge from these: a new world order
on these two resolutions. And these negotia-
want welcome
in which the nations of the world, East and
tions have got to involve territory for peace,
a p'east.re to see
West, North and South, can prosper and
security, recognition for Israel, and legiti-
ders of the Arab-
live together.
mate political rights for the Palestinians.
The extent of world cooperation in con-
As I said before, we have no quarrel with
an Nick Rahall is
demning Saddam Hussein is literally un-
the people of Iraq either. Our mission is to
Oops, way back
precedented. The concept of burden shar-
oppose the invasion ordered by Saddam
the back. I don't
ing is gaining acceptance with our allies and
Hussein. As you well know, love of justice
ight to be in the
with our friends-from Britain and France
and respect and dignity are principles as
good conscience
to Germany, Japan, and the Arab world-
deeply embedded in the Arab tradition as
nd the heartbeat
contributing troops and supplies and eco-
they are in the whole Western tradition. No
ommunities, and
nomic assistance to those countries affected
question about that. And these are qualities
rican community.
by the economic blockade. In fact, since
embodied in the 2½ million Americans of
that he took the
Saddam Hussein's unprovoked attack on
Arab descent, with origins from Morocco to
Kuwait, more than 20 countries have an-
the Arabian Peninsula. Just like so many
emarks brief be-
swered the call for help from the Gulf na-
who have come to America, Arab immi-
e famous Arab-
tions to provide defensive assistance against
grants pursued new beginnings. And they
bran, "We shall
Iraq. And indeed, Iraq stands alone against
came in search of freedom and justice and
nother until we
the world community. Over and over again,
equality. Unfortunately, today-I'm glad the
en words." Well,
Saddam Hussein has attempted to make this
media are here because I want this message
seven words, SO
the Arab world against the United States.
You've heard it over and over and over
to go out beyond this room-today some
won't keep you
Americans are the victims of appalling acts
again. And that lie is not going to be per-
of hatred. And this is a sad irony that while
could be with us
petuated. It simply is not true. We are
of our collective
joined with many others around the world.
our brave soldiers fight aggression overseas,
at home. And I
Iraq stands alone against the world commu-
a few hatemongers here at home are perpe-
d a good briefing.
nity. The United Nations Security Council
trating their own brand of cowardly aggres-
it know whether
has strongly condemned Saddam Hussein's
sion. Death threats, physical attacks, vandal-
actions no less than seven times. Active con-
ism, religious violence, and discrimination
but those were
Gulf. I've never
sideration going on for another resolution
against Arab-Americans must end.
right now. United against aggression, the
These hate crimes have no place in a free
since I've been
world community is working to resolve the
society and we're not going to stand for
ded the thoughts
ntry. You, more
crisis peacefully.
them. I've been appalled by reports from
rstand what's at
We must also resist his attempt-Saddam
some of you, friends of mine, here in this
Hussein's attempt-to link the Iraqi inva-
room-by reports of discrimination against
in the Gulf is not
sion with other conflicts. There are other
Arab-Americans. And I condemn such acts,
out greed or cul-
regional conflicts, and they're serious, and
and I will continue to condemn them. This
ions, as Saddam
would have the
they've got to be solved. And we've got to
administration has supported enactment of
do our level best to be catalysts for the
the hate crimes legislation because bigotry
in the Gulf is
solution. But we are going to resist his at-
and hate still do exist in this country. And
to stand up with
tempts to justify what he did based on
hate breeds violence, threatening the secu-
ssion, and to pre-
other regional concerns. So, I think these
rity of our entire society. As I said when I
ations. It is about
are merely, on his part, an effort to create
signed the bill, all Americans must join to-
standing by our
additional pretexts so that he can stay in
gether to rid our communities of the poison
11 national securi-
Kuwait. And I'll guarantee I'm not going to
of prejudice, bias, and discrimination.
eace and stability
be distracted by this. Once the Gulf crisis is
America is home to millions of Moslems
it up: It is about
on its way to resolution, of course, we want
who are free to live, work, and worship in
to go forward with the peace process. And
accord with the traditions and teachings of
clear: Iraq must
our position is clear and consistent, call-
Islam. Similarly, America is also home to
npletely, immedi-
ing-I heard your questions and I under-
the millions of Christians and Jews, also free
n; Kuwait's legiti-
stand where you're coming from. And I
to live, work, and worship. And surely the
restored; the se-
agree with much of what I thought was
multinational troops-men and women of
Persian Gulf as-
being said here. Certainly agree with what
every religion and color-who are now on
ens abroad must
our people here have told you. But our po-
duty in the glare of the desert sun are an
1433
Sept. 24 / Administration of George Bush, 1990
concerned about the next President of Iraq
would stand at the ready to help. We're
who today is a child and today is cutting the
standing at the ready to help anyway. But
food from him. If this young fellow is going
this is a matter of international law now
to be malnourished and one day he has to
under the sanctions. So, he can't violate
sit down with the next President of the
that. You must use your influence, if anyone
United States who will take your office, how
has any with him.
he is going to deal with him? Can you
Q. -the American Iraqi Foundation.
please, from humanitarian point of view, let
Can we supervise it?
go with the food emergency? It is needed.
The President. That would be great if we
And I do appreciate it. Thank you, Mr.
can get that done, yes.
President.
The President. Absolutely. But let me tell
Lebanon
you this. The United Nations-it's a very
Q. One question about Lebanon, please.
important point. This is a very important
The President. Shoot.
point. It includes Kuwait, it includes Iraq, it
includes wherever food and little kids are
Q. Very short. [Laughter] We in the Na-
going without nourishment. But the United
tional Alliance of Lebanese Americans ap-
Nations has addressed itself to this. And do
plaud and support the lead our government
you know what the response so far has
has taken in responding to the Iraqi aggres-
been? The response has been that you
sion against Kuwait. In fact, our govern-
cannot-they will not permit any kind of
ment has taken every action against Iraq
distribution supervision to see that the food
that we have been urging should be taken
gets to the-particularly a lot of Asians
against Syria for its similar action in Leba-
stranded there. I talked to one of the most
non. Syria is now apparently allied with our
distinguished citizens of the world who has
government and others against Iraq. This
devoted a lot of his life to the refugee busi-
disturbs us greatly, unless our government
ness. And he's just back, on behalf of
has some plan to use its newfound leverage
[United Nations Secretary-General] Perez
on Syria to cause Hafiz Asad [President of
de Cuellar, from surveying the situation.
Syria] to conform to the norms of civilized
And what he was told is that the Asians
behavior that we are attempting to enforce
particularly who are suffering the most-
against Saddam Hussein.
I'm talking about Filipinos, I'm talking
This is the question: What is our plan to
about Bangladeshis and Indians and
make Syria conform? And if there is no
people-they're the ones who are hurting
plan, doesn't our alliance with Syria com-
the most because of Saddam Hussein's re-
promise our moral position in the world-
fusal to permit what the United Nations has
wide effort against Iraq?
called for.
The President. This thing is so complex
But look, every American, all of us here,
over there that it's pretty hard to give you
must have our concerns out there for the
a definitive answer. Out of this, though,
women and the children and all these
there could well be a new world order. And
others. I am much less interested in feeding
part of that must be the peaceful resolution
Saddam Hussein's army at this point. But
of the division of Lebanon. I've been there;
we want to get the food to those that need
I've worked there years ago. And I'm old
it. And that includes refugees that aren't
enough-you're too young, but I'm old
Iraqi citizens. They're hurting the most.
enough-no, you're not too young, but she
These were the poorest of the poor that
is-[laughter]-no, seriously, to remember
had jobs there in Kuwait. And now they're
Lebanon as the peaceful crossroad. It didn't
being thrown out with-and the message is
matter what was going on in the rest of the
coming through-well, you people in Paki-
world; commerce survived, people got
stan, you people in India, you people in
along one with the other, different religions
Bangladesh, feed your own people. We're
and different ways of life all thriving there.
going to take care of Iraq.
We want to help on that. I've been frus-
All he has to do is agree to what the
trated. One of the great frustrations of my
world has called for-international supervi-
job, as John Sununu can tell you from sit-
sion. And the United States and others
ting there and listening to me wring my
1436
May 14 / Administration of George Bush, 1991
George the Sixth's coronation. For decades
Whether we engage in quiet prayer or in
they stood erect and proud, like the ties
public ceremony, whether we remember
that bind our nations. And then last Sep-
loved ones and neighbors or heroes known
tember, a storm swept through Washington,
only to God, all Americans are united on
destroying one of the lindens planted for
this day in thanksgiving for the blessings of
your father. Each served to remind all of us
liberty and for the brave and selfless indi-
that trees are precious, but fragile, and they
viduals who have helped to secure them.
need our help, as we need their beauty.
The sacrifices of those who fell in the Per-
Teddy Roosevelt once called our lands
sian Gulf are a fresh and vivid memory, but
and wildlife "the property of unborn gen-
on this occasion we also remember those
erations." And SO I can think of no better
who died while serving in places such as
way to show our friendship, nor salute the
Panama, Grenada, Beirut, Korea, and Viet-
children of both our countries than to plant
nam. We also honor with undiminished
a new linden tree. It is my honor now to
pride and gratitude those who served dec-
dedicate this tree to a truly great and good
ades ago, during World Wars I and II.
man, King George the Sixth.
On Memorial Day, we echo in prayer the
fervent hope that these Americans ex-
Note: The President spoke at 1:40 p.m. on
pressed with their very lives: the hope for
the South Lawn of the White House.
lasting peace among nations. Knowing that
any peace purchased by the surrender of
principle can be neither genuine nor endur-
ing, we pray for wisdom and resolve in our
Proclamation 6292-Prayer for Peace,
efforts to avert future conflicts and to estab-
Memorial Day, 1991
lish a new world order based on respect for
May 14, 1991
human rights and the rule of law. Knowing
too that our freedom has been obtained at a
By the President of the United States
very high cost, we also pray that we might
of America
remain a people worthy of so precious a
gift. Declaring that "the times that try
A Proclamation
men's souls are over," Thomas Paine wrote:
"What we obtain too cheap, we esteem
"The world has seen [America] great in ad-
too lightly," Thomas Paine wrote in 1776,
versity
and rising in resolve as the
"it is dearness only that gives everything its
storm increased
Let the world then
value. Heaven knows how to put a proper
see that she can bear prosperity and that
price upon its goods, and it would be
her honest virtue in time of peace is equal
strange indeed if so celestial an article as
to the bravest virtue in time of war."
freedom should not be highly rated." The
In recognition of those Americans to
war in the Persian Gulf has reminded all
Americans of the value of freedom and the
whom we pay tribute today, the Congress,
by a joint resolution approved on May 11,
price that many brave men and women
have been willing to bear for its sake. Nei-
1950 (64 Stat. 158), has requested the Presi-
ther "summer soldiers" nor "sunshine patri-
dent to issue a proclamation calling upon
ots," the members of Operation Desert
the people of the United States to observe
Storm did not shrink from service to their
each Memorial Day as a day of prayer for
country when the dark clouds of armed
permanent peace and designating a period
conflict gathered in the Persian Gulf, and,
on that day when the people of the United
like the early patriots of whom Thomas
States might unite in prayer.
Paine wrote, they deserve our respect and
Now, Therefore, I, George Bush, Presi-
thanks. Those who made the ultimate sacri-
dent of the United States of America, do
fice in the effort to liberate Kuwait joined a
hereby designate Memorial Day, May 27,
long line of heroes who have given their
1991, as a day of prayer for permanent
lives for our country, and on Memorial Day
peace, and I designate the hour beginning
we remember all of them with solemn
in each locality at 11 o'clock in the morning
pride and heartfelt appreciation.
of that day as a time to unite in prayer. I
606
d
aducting
clefining
ring,
nical
Week Ending Friday, April 19, 1991
.S.
Remarks at Maxwell Air Force Base
power. And every one of you can take pride
War College in Montgomery, Alabama
in that fact. Our technology and training
April 13, 1991
ensured minimal losses, and our precision-
your precision-spared the lives of innocent
Thank you all very, very much for that
civilians.
476
warm welcome. General Boyd and General
But our victory also showed that technol
McPeak, the distinguished Members of the
ogy alone is insufficient. A warrior's hear!
Congress with us-Senators Heflin, Shelby,
must burn with the will to fight. And if he
reement,
and Bill Dickinson. Mayor Folmar-a non-
fights but does not believe, no technology
partisan event, but I'm glad to see some
in the world can save him. We and our
friends of long-standing over here-{laugh-
allies had more than superior weapons; W
ter]-who were enormously helpful to me
had the will to win.
in getting to be President of the United
I might say parenthetically, this will in
-468
States.
personified by the man who leads you.
It is my great pleasure to look out across
know that General Boyd often speaks about
what essentially is a sea of blue, to meet this
what he calls the unlimited liability of the
ducation.
morning with the men and women of the
military profession. He knows because he"
Air University-the Air War College, the
put it all on the line. As a veteran of Vie!
444
Air Command and Staff School, the Squad-
nam, he flew 105 combat missions before
ron Officers School, and of course, the NCO
being shot down over Hanoi. And he spen!
Academy. And I'm glad to see democracy
almost 7 years-2,500 cruel days-in capti
in action-I see a Navy guy here or there,
ity. And yet he emerged brave, unbroket
or maybe a coastguardsman-|laughter]-
He kept the faith to himself and to 111"
maybe the Marines, maybe the Army over
nation.
here. And I think I recognize some friends
And let me just say a word about
from overseas, members of our coalition
man over here on my left, General МсРея
63
who helped us so much in achieving our
I remember early on a meeting up at Carrit'
can Week-
objectives halfway around the world.
David with Tony McPeak. Secretary
They're more than welcome.
Cheney was there; General Powell
The history of aviation has been shaped
there; Brent Scowcroft, other chiefs. The
here since the Wright brothers brought
other chiefs, I believe, were with us, Tom
urn-437
437
their strange new mechanical bird to Mont-
And in a very laid-back way-typical of
gomery and housed it in a hangar not far
with his modesty-but with total coul!
from where we stand. This institution, from
dence, he told me exactly what he felt
480
its early days as the Air Corps Tactical
power could do. And after he left-I dont
leases-479
School, has defined the Nation's air strategy
mean to show my native skepticism-but
ouncements-
and tactics that have guided our operations
turned to my trusted National Security Ail
ate-479
over the fields of Europe and the seas of
visor, who's standing over here, General
the Pacific, from the First World War to the
Brent Scowcroft, and I said, "Brent, de
1,000 hours of Desert Storm.
ttee of the Federal
this guy really know what he's talk
23607: 1 CFR Part
It falls to all of you to derive the lessons
about?" [Laughter] And Lieutenant Genet"
learned from this war. Desert Storm dem-
Scowcroft-Air Force Lieutenant General
intendent of Docu-
DC 20402. The
onstrated the true strength of joint oper-
said, "Yes." And General McPeak did.
will be furnished
ations: not the notion that each service
And to be doubly sure then-and
year ($96.00 fo
or $68.75 per ye
must participate in equal parts in every op-
remember this-just before the war star
Government Pri
eration in every war but that we use the
I invited General McPeak and Secret
for a single copy
proper tools at the proper time. In Desert
Cheney to join me and General Scowern
of material ap-
Storm, a critical tool was certainly air
upstairs at the Residence in the WILL
ntial Documents.
Apr. 13 / Administration of George Bush, 1991
House-quiet lunch there. And I asked
formed Europe stands closer than ever
Tony-I think he'd just come back then
before to its free and democratic destiny.
from the theater-the other theater-
At long last, Europe is moving forward,
[laughter]. And I put the question to him-I
moving toward a new world of hope.
think this is exactly what I said-"Are you
At the same time, we and our European
as certain now as you were up at Camp
allies have moved beyond containment to a
David?" And he said, "Even more so." And
policy of active engagement in a world no
the war started just a few days later, and
longer driven by cold war tensions and ani-
history will record that General McPeak
mosities. You see, as the cold war drew to
was 100 percent right-right on target.
an end we saw the possibilities of a new
Here at Air University it's your business
order in which nations worked together to
to read the lessons of the past with an eye
promote peace and prosperity. I'm not talk-
on the far horizon. And that's why I wanted
ing here of a blueprint that will govern the
to speak to you today about the new world
conduct of nations or some supernatural
taking shape around us, about the prospects
structure or institution. The new world supra
for a new world order now within our
reach. For more than four decades we've
order does not mean surrendering our na-
national
lived in a world divided, East from West; a
tional sovereignty or forfeiting our interests.
world locked in a conflict of arms and ideas
It really describes a responsibility imposed
called the cold war. Two systems, two su-
by our successes. It refers to new ways of
perpowers separated by mistrust and unre-
working with other nations to deter aggres-
mitting hostility.
sion and to achieve stability, to achieve
For more than four decades, America's
prosperity and, above all, to achieve peace.
energies were focused on containing the
It springs from hopes for a world based
threat to the free world from the forces of
on a shared commitment among nations
communism. That war is over. East Germa-
large and small to a set of principles that
ny has vanished from the map as a separate
undergird our relations: peaceful settle-
entity. Today in Berlin, the wall that once
ments of disputes, solidarity against aggres-
divided a continent, divided a world in two,
sion, reduced and controlled arsenals, and
has been pulverized, turned into souvenirs.
just treatment of all peoples.
And the sections that remain standing are
This order, this ability to work together,
but museum pieces. The Warsaw Pact
got its first real test in the Gulf war. For the
passed into the pages of history last week,
first time, a regional conflict-the aggres-
not with a bang but with a whimper-its
sion against Kuwait-did not serve as a
demise reported in a story reported on
proxy for superpower confrontation. For
page A16 of the Washington Post.
the first time, the United Nations Security
In the coming weeks I'll be talking in
Council, free from the clash of cold war
some detail about the possibility of a new
ideologies, functioned as its designers in-
world order emerging after the cold war.
tended-a force for conflict resolution in
And in recent weeks I've been focusing not
only on the Gulf but on free trade-on the
collective security.
North American free trade agreement, the
In the Gulf, nations from Europe and
Uruguay round trade negotiations, and the
North America, Asia and Africa and the
essentiality of obtaining from the United
Arab world joined together to stop aggres-
States Congress a renewal of Fast Track au-
sion, and sent a signal to would-be tyrants
thority to achieve our goals. But today I
everywhere in the world. By joining forces
want to discuss another aspect of that
to defend one small nation, we showed that
order-our relations with Europe and the
we can work together against aggressors in
Soviet Union.
defense of principle.
Christic
Twice this century, a dream born on the
We also recognized that the cold war's
battlefields of Europe died after the shoot-
end didn't deliver us into an era of perpetu-
ing stopped. The dream of a world in which
al peace. As old threats recede, new threats
of
major powers worked together to ensure
emerge. The quest for the new world order
peace; to settle their disputes through coop-
is, in part, a challenge to keep the dangers
eration, not confrontation. Today a trans-
of disorder at bay.
copy
naq
AP
Boreign
432
nextpage?
Aug. 30 / Administration of George Bush, 1990
would begin with separate discussions in Ni-
31 October, 1990 about the implementation
cosia-designed to begin preparation of an
of his plan of action."
outline for a Cyprus settlement-between
Sincerely,
U.N. authorities and each of the two Cypri-
ot communities. The Secretary General en-
George Bush
visioned that as work progressed on this
outline it would be possible late this year to
Note: Identical letters were sent to Thomas
call for a meeting between him and the two
S. Foley, Speaker of the House of Represent-
community leaders.
atives, and Claiborne Pell, chairman of the
On July 19 the U.N. Security Council, re-
Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
sponding to the U.N. Secretary General's
report of July 12 unanimously adopted a
statement that was read by the President of
the Security Council, as follows:
The President's News Conference on
"The members of the Security Council
the Persian Gulf Crisis
have considered the Secretary General's
report on his mission of good offices in
August 30, 1990 Brief reference
Cyprus (S/21393). They are unanimous in
giving their full support to the Secretary
Financial Support for Multinational
to a chance at anwo,
General's current effort to assist the two
Efforts
communities to reach a just and lasting so-
countries many support
lution. They agree with his assessment of
The President. I have a brief statement,
each
recent developments, share his concern
and then I'll be glad to take some questions.
The United States is engaged in a collec-
other
about the lack of progress, and endorse his
tive effort, involving the overwhelming ma-
on Guff
plan of action.
jority of the member states of the United
resoluting
"The members of the Council reaffirm
their Resolution 649 (1990) of 12 March,
Nations, to reverse the consequences of
1990 which was accepted by both sides, and
Iraqi aggression. Our goals, enshrined in
five Security Council resolutions, are clear:
reiterate the importance they attach to an
the immediate and unconditional withdraw-
early negotiated settlement of the Cyprus
Problem.
al of Iraqi forces from Kuwait, the restora-
tion of Kuwait's legitimate government, the
"The members of the Council call on the
stability of Saudi Arabia and the Persian
leaders of the two communities to cooper-
Gulf, and the protection of American citi-
ate fully with the Secretary General on the
zens.
basis of his plan of action and to arrive, on
What is at stake here is truly significant:
an urgent basis, at an agreed outline of an
overall agreement. In line with Resolution
the dependability of America's commit-
ments to its friends and allies, the shape of
649 (1990), they request the Secretary Gen-
eral to make suggestions as necessary, to
the post-postwar world, opposition to ag:
gression, the potential domination of the
assist the two communities in arriving at an
energy resources that are crucial to the
agreed outline.
entire world. This effort has been truly
"The members of the Council again call
international from the very outset. Many
on the parties concerned to refrain, espe-
other countries are
cially at this sensitive stage in the process,
count, 22 countries
from any action or statement that could ag-
to a request from Saudi Arabia to
gravate the situation. They express their
deter further aggression or are contributi Nations
concern over any action which contravenes
paragraph 5 of UNSC Res 550 (1984) and
maritime forces pursuant to United other
Security Council Resolution 665. Still
paragraph 5 of UNSC Res 649 (1990). They
call upon both communities to concentrate
are providing other forms of financial offorts
material support to these defense
their efforts on promoting mutual confi-
dence and reconciliation.
to countries whose economies are higher
adversely by sanctions or by
"The members of the Council request the
prices. Still others are paying
Secretary General to inform the Council by
nomic price at home for comply
1304
Aug. 30 / Administration of George Bush, 1990
U.S. Policy and Foreign Nationals in Iraq
rulers. As I look at the countries that are
and Kuwait
chipping in here now, I think we do have a
Q. Mr. President, Saddam Hussein [Presi-
chance at a new world order, and I'd like to
dent of Iraq] has rejected demands that he
think that out of this dreary performance
pull his troops out of Kuwait, and he's hold-
by Saddam Hussein there could be now an
ing several thousand foreigners hostage to
opportunity for peace all through the
keep the world at bay. You say you don't
Middle East
But we have to be sure that
see much chance for diplomacy to work.
what's been undertaken so far is successful
How long can the West allow this impasse
before we can move to that other agenda, it
to go on? And would you take any action
seems to me.
that might endanger the lives of those hos-
Q. Well, would you support then a con-
tages?
ference afterwards? I mean, this may be
The President. It will go on as long as it
premature, but the question is: Are you
takes to have these United Nations sanc-
shooting for that?
tions fully implemented. And I'm glad that
The President. I haven't-that's not an
these diplomatic efforts are taking place.
objective, a conference. Peace through the
Perhaps one will hit pay dirt. But as of now,
Middle East is an objective. And as you
I must say I'm not optimistic because the
know, we have never ruled out a confer-
man keeps reiterating terms that simply fly
ence of any nature. In fact, it was part of
in the face of the United Nations action.
our diplomacy just several years ago. But I
And on the second question, look, I feel
don't want to get out ahead of where we
very concerned about Americans that are
held against their will. But we cannot
are right now on this. The question right
now is: What do we do to get Saddam Hus-
permit hostage-taking to shape the foreign
sein to comply with international law?
policy of this country, and I won't permit it
to do that.
I left out-you had another part of it.
Q. Sir, does that mean that their lives
Q. And you want to get him out of his
would be expendable if you judge in the
job? You want to get him out of-
national interest-
The President. Well, it wouldn't disap-
The President. That's too hypothetical a
point me if the Iraqis got up and said, Look,
question. It means I will not change the
this man is our problem. I've said right here
policy of the United States, and I don't
the problem is not with the people in
think other leaders whose foreign nationals
Iraq-simply isn't. But I've spelled out our of
are in the same predicament will change
objectives here, and I've stopped short
their policies, to pay homage or to give
adding to them what-the answer that you
credibility to this brutal move of staking out
were seeking from me on the President-
citizens and a brutal move of holding
Q. Mr. President, some have expressed
people against their will.
the fear that Saddam Hussein might seek
Q. Mr. President, there are reports that
inflame the Arab world against the United
there's a split in your administration-some
States by drawing Israel into the conflact
who want to expand the goals to include
here, perhaps by a strike against Jonhs
the eventual ouster of Saddam. And also,
Can you tell us if you're prepared for mich
there are many, many suggestions for a
contingency, and if so, how?
Middle East conference that would include
The President. Well, that's,
in what you would call the post-postwar
thetical. I can't predict what
shape of the world, the perennial problems
do. But I can tell you that
of the Middle East. What do you think on
ing to implement our forces
both
continuing to take all the
The President. Well, I think on the
that are necessary to prepare for
second part of the question that we ought
tuality.
to get on with the business at hand, the
shorter run business, which is the solution
Jordan's Role in U.N. Embargo
to this question: the making right the situa-
Q. Let me just follow
tion in Kuwait, meaning the pulling out of
question about Jordan's
forces, obviously, and the restoration of the
U.N. sanctions. There are
1306
Sept. 11 / Administration of George Bush, 1990
not only serving in positions of leadership
through September 22. 1990. as "National
and responsibility, but also setting standards
Rehabilitation Week" and has authorized
of achievement for others. These individ-
and requested the President to issue a proc-
uals have a wealth of talent and ideas to
lamation in observance of this week.
share. Helping greater numbers of persons
Now, Therefore, I, George Bush, Presi-
with disabilities to enter the mainstream of
dent of the United States of America, do
American life is, therefore, more than a
hereby proclaim the week of September 16
moral imperative-it is also a sound invest-
through September 22. 1990. as National
ment in our Nation's well-being.
Rehabilitation Week. I urge all Americans
This week we recognize the dedicated
to observe this week with appropriate cere-
professionals and volunteers who-by pro-
monies and activities, including educational
viding various rehabilitative services-are
programs designed to heighten awareness
helping individuals with disabilities to par-
of rehabilitative services and of the ways
ticipate more fully in the social, economic,
such services enrich the lives of persons
and political life of our country. Through
with disabilities.
rehabilitative agencies and facilities
In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set
throughout the United States, these men
and women are enabling Americans with
my hand this eleventh day of September, in
physical, mental, and emotional impair-
the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and
ninety, and of the Independence of the
ments to gain greater independence and
self-confidence.
United States of America the two hundred
and fifteenth.
On July 26, 1990, it was my privilege to
sign into law the world's first comprehen-
George Bush
sive declaration of equality for persons with
disabilities-the Americans with Disabilities
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Regis-
Act of 1990. Expanding upon the goals of
ter, 4:47 p.m., September 11. 1990]
the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, this land-
mark legislation will ensure continued
General description of
progress in efforts to help Americans with
The tenets of anwo
disabilities to live with greater freedom and
independence. The Americans with Disabil-
Address Before a Joint Session of the
ities Act guarantees individuals with disabil-
Congress on the Persian Gulf Crisis and
ities protection against discrimination;
the Federal Budget Deficit
access to public accommodations, such as
September 11, 1990
offices, hotels, and shopping centers; and
improved access to transportation and tele-
Mr. President and Mr. Speaker and Mem
communications services.
bers of the United States Congress, distin
All Americans have reason to celebrate
guished guests, fellow Americans, thank you
our Nation's progress in eliminating the
very much for that warm welcome We
physical and attitudinal barriers that have,
gather tonight, witness to events in the Per
in the past, prevented many persons with
sian Gulf as significant as they are tragin
disabilities from entering the mainstream of
the early morning hours of August 2nd,
American life. Rehabilitation services and
lowing negotiations and promises by
related research and education programs
dictator Saddam Hussein not to use
have played an important role in this
powerful Iraqi army invaded its
progress, and, this week, we salute all those
and much weaker neighbor, Kuwait
dedicated and hardworking men and
3 days, 120,000 Iraqi troops with moved 850
women who have devoted their energy and
had poured into Kuwait and
skills to this important work.
to threaten Saudi Arabia. It was the
In recognition of the many achievements
decided to act to check that
of Americans with disabilities and in honor
At this moment, our
of all those who provide rehabilitative serv-
and women stand watch
ices for persons with disabilities, the Con-
desert and on distant
gress, by Senate Joint Resolution 279, has
the forces of more than
designated the week of September 16
They are some of the
1358
Administration of George Bush, 1990 / Sept. 11
women of the United States of America.
countries share our concern for principle.
22, 1990, as "National
And they're doing one terrific job. These
And many have a stake in the stability of
Veek" and has authorized
valiant Americans were ready at a mo-
the Persian Gulf. This is not, as Saddam
President to issue a proc-
ment's notice to leave their spouses and
Hussein would have it, the United States
rvance of this week.
their children, to serve on the front line
against Iraq. It is Iraq against the world.
I, George Bush, Presi-
halfway around the world. They remind us
As you know, I've just returned from a
States of America, do
who keeps America strong: they do. In the
very productive meeting with Soviet Presi-
the week of September 16
trying circumstances of the Gulf, the
dent Gorbachev. And I am pleased that we
22, 1990, as National
morale of our service men and women is
are working together to build a new rela-
Veek. I urge all Americans
excellent. In the face of danger, they're
tionship. In Helsinki, our joint statement af-
week with appropriate cere-
brave, they're well-trained and dedicated.
firmed to the world our shared resolve to
vities, including educational
A soldier, Private First Class Wade Mer-
counter Iraq's threat to peace. Let me
to heighten awareness
ritt of Knoxville, Tennessee, now stationed
quote: "We are united in the belief that
services and of the ways
in Saudi Arabia, wrote his parents of his
Iraq's aggression must not be tolerated. No
enrich the lives of persons
worries, his love of family, and his hope for
peaceful international order is possible if
peace. But Wade also wrote, "I am proud of
larger states can devour their smaller neigh-
Thereof, I have hereunto set
my country and its firm stance against inhu-
bors." Clearly, no longer can a dictator
eventh day of September, in
mane aggression. I am proud of my army
count on East-West confrontation to stymie
Lord nineteen hundred and
and its men. I am proud to serve my coun-
concerted United Nations action against ag-
the Independence of the
trv Well. let me just say, Wade, America is
gression. A new partnership of nations has
America the two hundred
proud of you and is grateful to every sol-
begun.
her. sailor, marine, and airman serving the
We stand today at a unique and extraor-
use of peace in the Persian Gulf. I also
George Bush
dinary moment. The crisis in the Persian
want to thank the Chairman of the Joint
Gulf, as grave as it is, also offers a rare
hiets of Staff. General Powell; the Chiefs
opportunity to move toward an historic
Office of the Federal Regis-
tonight: our commander in the Persian
General Schwartzkopf; and the men
period of cooperation. Out of these troubled
eptember 11, 1990]
times, our fifth objective a new world
nd women of the Department of Defense.
order-can emerge: a new era-freer from
What magnificent job you all are doing.
the threat of terror, stronger in the pursuit
And thank you very, very much from a
people I wish I could say that their
of justice, and more secure in the quest for
a Joint Session of the
Persian Gulf Crisis and
wdone But we all know it's not.
peace. An era in which the nations of the
world, East and West, North and South, can
there ever was a time to put coun-
adget Deficit
will and patriotism before party,
prosper and live in harmony. A hundred
1% now And let me thank all
generations have searched for this elusive
1990
expectally those here in this
path to peace, while a thousand wars raged
and Mr. Speaker and distin Mem
tomeht for your support for our
across the span of human endeavor. Today
and for their mission. That
that new world is struggling to be born, a
that
more important in the
world quite different from the one we've
tonight I want to talk to
known. A world where the rule of law sup-
witness that to events in trags:
Per
it stake-what we must
plants the rule of the jungle. A world in
ificant as of they August are
detend
civilized
values
which nations recognize the shared respon-
the
and
maintain
our
eco-
sibility for freedom and justice. A world
hours
and
promises
where the strong respect the rights of the
Persian
Culf
are
weak. This is the vision that I shared with
Hussein not led
at
and
familiar:
Iraq
President Gorbachev in Helsinki. He and
knwait
850
completely,
other leaders from Europe, the Gulf, and
with
condition.
troops
Ku-
around the world understand that how we
Maraqi
Kuwait
and
1
must
be
re-
manage this crisis today could shape the
was
the
It
of
the
Per-
Arabia.
I
future for generations to come.
And
check
that
American
The test we face is great, and so are the
our
brave
These
stakes. This is the first assault on the new
watch
en-
world that we seek, the first test of our
and
seas,
mettle. Had we not responded to this first
Most
than
provocation with clarity of purpose, if we
of
the
1
1359
one
Sept. 11 / Administration of George Bush, 1990
incentives for the creation of enterprise
I've recommended to increase economic
zones and initiatives to encourage more do-
growth and reduce dependence on foreign
mestic drilling; and, yes, reducing the tax
oil. It must be fair. All should contribute,
rate on capital gains.
but the burden should not be excessive for
And second, the Congress should, this
any one group of programs or people. It
month, enact a prudent multiyear defense
must address the growth of government's
program, one that reflects not only the im-
hidden liabilities. It must reform the budget
provement in East-West relations but our
process and, further, it must be real.
broader responsibilities to deal with the
I urge Congress to provide a comprehen-
continuing risks of outlaw action and re-
sive 5-year deficit reduction program to me
gional conflict. Even with our obligations in
as a complete legislative package, with
the Gulf, a sound defense budget can have
measures to assure that it can be fully en-
some reduction in real terms; and we're
forced. America is tired of phony deficit
prepared to accept that. But to go beyond
reduction or promise-now, save-later plans.
such levels, where cutting defense would
It is time for a program that is credible and
threaten our vital margin of safety, is some-
real. And finally, to the extent that the defi-
thing I will never accept. The world is still
dangerous. And surely, that is now clear.
cit reduction program includes new reve-
Stability's not secure. American interests
nue measures, it must avoid any measure
are far reaching. Interdependence has in-
that would threaten economic growth or
creased. The consequences of regional insta-
turn us back toward the days of punishing
bility can be global. This is no time to risk
income tax rates. That is one path we
America's capacity to protect her vital in-
should not head down again.
terests.
I have been pleased with recent progress,
And third, the Congress should, this
although it has not always seemed so
month, enact measures to increase domestic
smooth. But now it's time to produce. I
energy production and energy conservation
hope we can work out a responsible plan.
in order to reduce dependence on foreign
But with or without agreement from the
oil. These measures should include my pro-
budget summit, I ask both Houses of the
posals to increase incentives for domestic oil
Congress to allow a straight up-or-down
and gas exploration, fuel-switching, and to
vote on a complete $500-billion deficit re-
accelerate the development of the Alaskan
duction package not later than September
energy resources without damage to wild-
28. If the Congress cannot get me a budget,
life. As you know, when the oil embargo
then Americans will have to face a tough,
was imposed in the early 1970's, the United
mandated sequester. I'm hopeful, in fact,
States imported almost 6 million barrels of
I'm confident that the Congress will do
oil a day. This year, before the Iraqi inva-
what it should. And I can assure you that
sion, U.S. imports had risen to nearly 8 mil-
we in the executive branch will do our part.
lion barrels per day. And we'd moved in
In the final analysis, our ability to meet
the wrong direction. And now we must act
our responsibilities abroad depends upon
to correct that trend.
political will and consensus at home. This #
And fourth, the Congress should, this
never easy in democracies, for we govern
month, enact a 5-year program to reduce
only with the consent of the governed. And
the projected debt and deficits by $500 bil-
although free people in a free society are
lion-that's by half a trillion dollars. And if,
bound to have their differences, Americans
with the Congress, we can develop a satis-
traditionally come together in times of of
factory program by the end of the month,
versity and challenge.
we can avoid the ax of sequester-deep
across-the-board cuts that would threaten
ward to share a tearful goodbye with -
Once again, Americans have stepped for
our military capacity and risk substantial do-
families before leaving for # and
mestic disruption. I want to be able to tell
distant shore. At this very
the American people that we have truly
serve together with Arabe,
solved the deficit problem. And for me to
Asians, and Africans in defense
do that, a budget agreement must meet
these tests: It must include the measures
why and the they dream sweat of and a new tod the
1362
countries fighting together for a
new
Administration of George Bush, 1990 / Sept. 19
safe than they are now. And
second only to my own. And he faces a
will stop at my desk. It will not
Which brings me to the fact that Barbara
California skeptical of all rhetoric, im-
I'll guarantee you that.
is not here. And she sends her love. She is
pressed only by action. But he's faced the
and I want a crime bill that
voters before, retaining a Senate seat that
as committed as I am to seeing Pete and
abuse of habeas corpus, a bill
Gayle Wilson be the first family-succeed-
six predecessors lost. He broke the jinx and
that criminals who use seri-
made history because he delivers on his
ing a wonderful first family-but to be the
will face serious weapons
first family of this great State. She sends her
promises.
erious time, a bill that guaran-
love and affection. And I expect she'll be
And now Pete says, "If the voters think
ence gathered by good cops
out here campaigning for you.
I'll be more useful as a Governor than as a
faith isn't barred by techni-
Member of the U.S. Senate, then that's
To my friend-our friend-George Deuk-
bad people go free. I cannot
what I'll be." Well, all of us here know that
mejian, thanks for another welcome here to
overturns Supreme Court
your State. I can think of a handful of
filling the Governorship after George Deuk-
frivolous habeas corpus
mejian is not going to be easy, but all of us
people to whom I especially owe this chal-
the coverage of the ex-
lenge of being President of the United
here know that if there's anyone that can
and weakens capital punish-
do it, it is Pete Wilson. And I am very
States, and certainly, George Deukmejian,
not sign a bill that hand-
proud to be here for him. He should be the
who helped me early on-his name comes
officers all across the United
Governor. And that is what he must be:
to mind. It's great that you're here once
Governor Pete Wilson of California.
again, unselfishly helping the man that now
the House have been an
Thank you for your support. Keep it up.
you want to see be your successor. I'm
laws, Pete Wilson has
And God bless the United States.
proud of you. What a record you've set for
in the Senate. He played
this State. What a terrific act to follow.
the death penalty pro-
Note: The President spoke at 7:46 p.m. in
I want to echo what both George and
antidrug act, one that
the San Francisco Ballroom of the Westin
Pete said. Looking around, I see lots of rea-
shment for the murder of
Bonaventure Hotel. In his remarks, he re-
sons why the California GOP is going to be
officer working on a
to Senator Wilson's wife, Gayle; Matt
so strong in November: the whole ticket
And Pete says, "I will not
candidate for State comptroller; Dan
concept, the rest of the ticket-Thomas
der siege to rapists and
candidate for State attorney gen-
Hayes, your current treasurer; Marian Ber-
dealers." He wants to
Charlton Heston, actor and political
geson, right here, candidate for Lieutenant
where women need no
suporter: Tom Hayes, candidate for State
Governor; Joan Flores for secretary of state;
because drug dealers
seasurer Johnny Grant, the master of cere-
and Matt Fong for controller; as well as our
stead fear the law. And
for the dinner; Arnold Schwarzen-
congressional candidate who's with us
tending. capital punish-
Chairman of the President's Council
today, Alan Nichols. And a special thanks to
major drug traffickers,
Physical Fitness and Sports; William J.
Frank Visco, our State chairman, who's
osals before the United
Director of National Drug Control
doing an outstanding job for the State
and Rabbi Isaiah Zeldin, who gave
party-a thankless job, but he's doing it
ave to ask: Is it any
A tape was not available for
very, very well.
prsement of a dozen
of the content of these remarks.
And then those who have done and con-
hizations has gone to
US & Soviet relations
tinue to do the heavy lifting around here on
Callahan? Pete, we
making these events so successful: Katie
he work in this anti-
beginning of anwo
Boyd, Gene Trefethen, and my old friend
ncisco, I'll speak of
Remarks at a Fundraising Luncheon for
Ben Biaggini. What a wonderful job you all
have done pulling this marvelous event to-
sophy and especial
Cubernatorial Candidate Pete Wilson
vironmental leader-
Nan I rancisco, California
gether-twice, I might say.
You have to agree, there's a very great
been a conserva-
and formidable woman involved in this gu-
is and always has
bernatorial race, but of course, Gayle
to use govern
and thank all of you. It
Wilson is too modest to admit it. And I
love our quality of
to be back in California,
know it's true. And, Gayle, good luck to
proach is the key
for such a good cause.
or in Washington
shen they called about this
you, and thanks for all you're doing on the
campaign trail.
yor of San Diego,
ad to me. "It would be a
And one other with me here today and
first showed
most famous Re-
to help out." I replied,
traveling with me through southern Califor-
ip, and now
nia and here is our brilliant and hard-work-
job in America.
want
Millie
to
be
ing leader in the fierce war-national war-
against drugs. And I'm talking about our
1407
Administration of George Bush, 1990 / Sept. 19
know, in this area, as
And fourth, it must reform the budget proc-
world order which we've sought for genera-
ess itself, and it must be real. And finally, it
tions. And we are witness to the first dem-
mmitment, he holds a
must avoid anything that would threaten
n, not convenience. He
onstration of this new partnership for
al protection act before
economic growth or return us to the days of
peace: a united world response to Iraq's ag-
novement even began,
punishing income tax rates.
gressive ambition.
And I want very much to stand in front
ght for clean air-to
And so, the U.N. and the United States
of the American people and tell you that
and the Soviet Union and countries across
ons and smog and acid
the negotiators have come up with an
the globe have issued with one voice these
agreement that meets these tests. And I
one of our administra-
unequivocal demands: One, Iraq must with-
want to tell you that the agreement reflects
draw totally and immediately from Kuwait.
he said a minute ago.
not only the improvement in East-West re-
Two, Iraq must restore Kuwait's legitimate
his opportunity to urge
lations but also our broader responsibilities
d me a clean air bill I
government. And three, Iraq must free all
to deal with the continuing risks of outlaw
hostages in both countries. Humanity itself
I sent Congress a com-
actions and regional conflict. And I really
will tolerate nothing less.
than a year ago, and I
hope we will see this agreement soon. I
ment with Pete's col-
If Iraq does not meet these nonnegotiable
look forward to saying to America: Togeth-
conditions, then its isolation will not end.
e. But I'm still waiting
er. let us all work for the promise of an
me a solid clean air
And we are, as I have said before, prepared
exciting and strong new future that's now
alanced, rational clean
to take additional steps if sanctions and the
within our grasp.
d this year because it's
And there's one other subject, of course,
quest for a political resolution do not work.
ortant endowments we
that's on everyone's mind today that I want
In the meantime, action through diplo-
t the ecology of our
to talk about: our commitment to the situa-
matic channels continues. Just this past
the entire world.
tion in the Persian Gulf. And this is some-
weekend, the U.N. Security Council passed
thing Pete, a former military man, under-
its seventh resolution-in this case, con-
he late photographer
ed California beauty:
stands firsthand. Time and circumstances
demning Iraq for its illegal treatment of for-
a glitter of green and
have proven him farsighted. Pete Wilson
eign diplomats. And last Thursday the
ast edifice of stone and
has always eloquently supported the utterly.
United Nations, with our support, passed
1 preserve that for our
essential need for a strong defense.
Security Council Resolution 667, establish-
Iren's children.
Six weeks ago we sent our troops half a
ing a framework so that food can be deliv-
world away because we were compelled by
ered under close supervision to Iraq and
rations also need the
nomy led by a Gover-
the moral compass that guides our nation.
Kuwait, for humanitarian reasons require
Is Americans, we could not ignore this bru-
this. And this will provide a fair procedure
eptional fiscal record.
hat. After all, not only
tally aggressive act against international law
for allowing food to reach civilians in
straight budgets as
mul order, and nor could the rest of the
need-innocent children, mothers, the sick,
ved the Watchdog of
withzed world. The unity of outrage across
and the elderly.
n Washington for his
the globe, the depth of support in the Gulf,
And on Friday, I sent to Congress a re-
ry single year that he
and the ferocity of condemnation in the
quest that will provide the legal mechanism
nited Nations are unprecedented.
for the United States to share the extraordi-
States Senate.
as been on our minds
And now Saddam Hussein [President of
nary burden of our presence in the Gulf
economy. And it re-
Iraq] has been given notice by the extraor-
with our friends and allies. It is important
ritical imperative that
hnarv joint declaration that President Gor-
that a considerable part of this effort be
n agreement on this
Suchev and I signed in Helsinki [September
borne by those being defended and by
it immediately.
1990] It is an absolutely unparalleled
those benefiting from the free flow of oil. I
message of solidarity, a clarion call for Iraq
am gratified at the international willingness
veek to the Congress,
ble to tell the Ameri-
comply immediately and completely
to help. You know, the Arab response has
truly solved our defi-
with the five resolutions that had been so
been extraordinary. And last week alone,
ed, in order for me to
argently ordered by the United Nations Se-
Prime Minister Kaifu pledged $4 billion on
everal tests that the
Council. And it heralds a new era for
behalf of Japan, and Germany agreed to
world the Soviet Union and the United
contribute $2 billion plus transport ships
ld have to meet.
the measures that I
lates standing together in vigorous con-
and planes.
se economic growth
lemmation of an outrageous aggression.
But we can't think about the Persian Gulf
e on foreign oil. And
What .1 dramatic legacy for our children
just on these statistics. We can't think about
to all programs and
mhent this stunning new partnership of
it without remembering our young men
it must address the
Ours is a generation to finally see
and women there, joined by brave compa-
t's hidden liabilities.
of promising, exciting new
triots of armed forces from countries span-
1409
Sept. 24 / Administration of George Bush, 1990
designated the week beginning on the
as we cope with the problems in the Gulf.
second Sunday of October in each year as
So, all three have been extraordinarily busy,
"National School Lunch Week" and re-
as I know you have. But I want to welcome
quested the President to issue a proclama-
you to the White House-a pleasure to see
tion in observance of that week.
so many distinguished leaders of the Arab-
Now, Therefore, I, George Bush, Presi-
American community here.
dent of the United States of America, do
I'm told that Congressman Nick Rahall is
hereby proclaim the week beginning Octo-
here. Nick, where are you? Oops, way back
ber 14, 1990, as National School Lunch
there-modestly sitting in the back. I don't
Week. I call upon all Americans to recog-
understand that, but he ought to be in the
nize those dedicated and hardworking indi-
front row because he's of good conscience
viduals who contribute to the success of the
and he helps me understand the heartbeat
School Lunch Program.
In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set
in some of these Arab communities, and
my hand this twenty-fourth day of Septem-
certainly in the Arab-American community.
ber, in the year of our Lord nineteen hun-
And I'm grateful to him that he took the
dred and ninety, and of the Independence
time to be with us today.
of the United States of America the two
I'm going to keep my remarks brief be-
hundred and fifteenth.
cause in the words of the famous Arab-
American poet, Kahlil Gibran, "We shall
George Bush
never understand one another until we
reduce the language to seven words." Well,
[Filed with the Office of Federal Register,
I've got a few more than seven words, so
4:23 p.m., September 24, 1990]
please indulge me. But I won't keep you
anwo is one of The
too long.
objectives of Desert Stor
I am honored that you could be with us
to discuss the vital issue of our collective
Remarks and a Question-and-Answer
security, both abroad and at home. And I
Session at a White House Briefing for
understand that you've had a good briefing.
Representatives of the Arab-American
I heard a couple, and I don't know whether
Community
you've had others as well, but those were
September 24, 1990
good on the situation in the Gulf. I've never
seen an issue, certainly since I've been
The President. Welcome to the White
President, that just pervaded the thoughts
House. Thank you very, very much. First,
of everybody in our country. You, more
let me thank Richard and Paul. I've been
than most, I think, understand what's at
doing a little homework listening-hey,
stake here. And our action in the Culf is not
Bill-listening to your questions and saying,
about religion, nor is it about greed of of
thank God I don't have to answer any of
ture or imperialist ambitions, as Saddem
them, because I'm—[laughter]-but I'm
Hussein [President of Iraq] would have the
here to just make a few comments. And I
world believe. Our action in the Cull
want to start by thanking both the gentle-
about our determination to stand
men that are behind me here, and those
other nations against aggression, and
with whom they work-in Richard's case,
serve the sovereignty of nations It
Brent Scowcroft; in Paul's case, Secretary
keeping our word and standing
Cheney-and all the team that we have.
friends. It is about our vital national
But these two individuals have worked
ty interests and ensuring peace and
night and day during this series of events
in the world. So, to sum it up:
that are called on the evening news, and
principle.
properly so, the Gulf crisis. So, to both of
Our objectives remain clear:
you, my sincere thanks. And this one over,
withdraw from Kuwait completely.
too, here that some of you know, John
ately, and without condition;
Sununu. He's been concentrating a lot on
curity and stability of the Persian
mate government must be resturns
trying to do something about the budget
deficit, and the same time being at my side
sured; and American citizens
1432
Administration of George Bush, 1990 / Sept. 24
roblems in the Gulf.
be protected. And finally, a fifth objective
sition is clear, calling for negotiations based
extraordinarily busy,
can emerge from these: a new world order
I
on these two resolutions. And these negotia-
want
to
welcome
in which the nations of the world, East and
pleasure to see
tions have got to involve territory for peace,
West, North and South, can prosper and
leaders of the Arab-
security, recognition for Israel, and legiti-
live together.
mate political rights for the Palestinians.
The extent of world cooperation in con-
Nick Rahall is
As I said before, we have no quarrel with
demning Saddam Hussein is literally un-
the people of Iraq either. Our mission is to
Oops, way back
precedented. The concept of burden shar-
in the back. I don't
oppose the invasion ordered by Saddam
ing is gaining acceptance with our allies and
ought to be in the
Hussein. As you well know, love of justice
with our friends-from Britain and France
of good conscience
and respect and dignity are principles as
to Germany, Japan, and the Arab world-
the heartbeat
deeply embedded in the Arab tradition as
contributing troops and supplies and eco-
they are in the whole Western tradition. No
communities,
and
nomic assistance to those countries affected
merican community.
question about that. And these are qualities
by the economic blockade. In fact, since
embodied in the 2½ million Americans of
that he took the
Saddam Hussein's unprovoked attack on
Arab descent, with origins from Morocco to
Kuwait, more than 20 countries have an-
remarks brief be-
the Arabian Peninsula. Just like so many
swered the call for help from the Gulf na-
the famous Arab-
who have come to America, Arab immi-
tions to provide defensive assistance against
Gibran, "We shall
Iraq. And indeed, Iraq stands alone against
grants pursued new beginnings. And they
another until we
the world community. Over and over again,
came in search of freedom and justice and
seven words." Well,
Saddam Hussein has attempted to make this
equality. Unfortunately, today-I'm glad the
the Arab world against the United States.
media are here because I want this message
seven words, so
I won't keep you
You've heard it over and over and over
to go out beyond this room-today some
again. And that lie is not going to be per-
Americans are the victims of appalling acts
could be with us
petuated. It simply is not true. We are
of hatred. And this is a sad irony that while
of our collective
joined with many others around the world.
our brave soldiers fight aggression overseas,
at home. And I
Iraq stands alone against the world commu-
a few hatemongers here at home are perpe-
had a good briefing.
nity. The United Nations Security Council
trating their own brand of cowardly aggres-
know whether
has strongly condemned Saddam Hussein's
sion. Death threats, physical attacks, vandal-
but those were
actions no less than seven times. Active con-
ism, religious violence, and discrimination
the Gulf. I've never
sideration going on for another resolution
against Arab-Americans must end.
since I've been
right now. United against aggression, the
These hate crimes have no place in a free
vaded the thoughts
world community is working to resolve the
society and we're not going to stand for
country. You, more
crisis peacefully.
them. I've been appalled by reports from
derstand what's at
We must also resist his attempt-Saddam
some of you, friends of mine, here in this
in
the
Gulf
is
Hussein's attempt-to link the Iraqi inva-
room-by reports of discrimination against
not
about greed or cul-
sion with other conflicts. There are other
Arab-Americans. And I condemn such acts,
as Saddam
regional conflicts, and they're serious, and
and I will continue to condemn them. This
would have the
they've got to be solved. And we've got to
administration has supported enactment of
in the Gulf is
do our level best to be catalysts for the
the hate crimes legislation because bigotry
to stand up with
solution. But we are going to resist his at-
and hate still do exist in this country. And
gression, and to pre-
tempts to justify what he did based on
hate breeds violence, threatening the secu-
nations. It is about
other regional concerns. So, I think these
rity of our entire society. As I said when I
standing by our
are merely, on his part, an effort to create
signed the bill, all Americans must join to-
national
securi-
additional pretexts so that he can stay in
gether to rid our communities of the poison
peace and stability
Kuwait. And I'll guarantee I'm not going to
of prejudice, bias, and discrimination.
it up: It is about
be distracted by this. Once the Gulf crisis is
America is home to millions of Moslems
on its way to resolution, of course, we want
who are free to live, work, and worship in
clear: Iraq must
to go forward with the peace process. And
accord with the traditions and teachings of
ompletely, immedi-
our position is clear and consistent, call-
Islam. Similarly, America is also home to
Kuwait's
legiti-
ing-I heard your questions and I under-
the millions of Christians and Jews, also free
be restored; the se-
stand where you're coming from. And I
to live, work, and worship. And surely the
Persian Gulf as-
agree with much of what I thought was
multinational troops-men and women of
abroad
being said here. Certainly agree with what
must
every religion and color-who are now on
our people here have told you. But our po-
duty in the glare of the desert sun are an
1433
Administration of George Bush, 1990 / Sept. 26
Q. How did the discussions this morning
that the Republicans stayed together and
is,
as
de-
go, sir?
would not permit the Democrats in the
maritime
The President. Good. Good. Republicans
House of Representatives to simply delay
States and
are staying solid.
the day of reckoning. That's what they tried
defines
the
Q. Are you concerned that you've lost
to do. Everybody knows that. I think the
ay exercise
Mr. Michel's support on your-
American people know it-loud and clear.
clusive
eco-
The President. I always like to talk to the
Q. Are you going to join the talks at some
hose
areas
people involved.
point this week, sir?
mile
terri-
The President. They know, both Demo-
Q. Are you flexible on capital gains at all,
exclusive
crats and Republicans, that if my presence
sir?
overlap or
Q. What did he tell you, Mr. President?
there would be helpful, I'm available.
also
delimits,
The President. He told me that they're
continental
Note: The exchange occurred while the
autical
miles
working hard to get a deal. And we are.
President was en route from Washington,
And the Republicans know what I want
exercise in
DC, to Akron, OH. In his remarks, he re-
the
when I talk about growth. I'm not interest-
law
in
ferred to Robert H. Michel, Republican
Chukchi
Seas,
ed in raising the tax rates on the American
people. And our team is fighting very hard.
leader of the House of Representatives. A
Pacific
Ocean.
tape was not available for verification of
be
the
So. we'll see where we go.
fully
in
the content of these remarks.
the
view
Q. Can a sequester be avoided, or do you
think it will go right up until the deadline?
anwo
objective of
the
maritime
1867
Conven-
The President. It can be avoided if they
Desert Storm
resolves
differ-
doing what they should. It's the Con-
has
the
right
ress-and I would say now the Democrats
Remarks at a Fundraising Luncheon for
nd
explora-
the Congress that are in charge of the
Gubernatorial Candidate George
gas
exercise
that have not come forward with
Voinovich in Akron, Ohio
as
jurisdiction,
in
package. And we're still working hard in a
September 26, 1990
its
transfer
of
bipartisan spirit there, they told me
Alex, thank you. Thank you all. What a
ensures
that
We're getting right down to the
accordance
with
great welcome back to Akron-same place,
one
or
the
Are you concerned that you might
a couple years later. Thank you all very,
by
within
200
inflexible on the capital gains issue?
very much. Thank you, mayor-soon to be
or
both
coasts
The President. No. I'm not concerned
Governor-Voinovich. And, Janet, Barbara
will
permit
more
that at all. because there's an awful
sends her love. She looks forward to being
resource
that are still out there, like
with you. I don't know whether it's next
and
removes
and trying to tax the American
week or when it is, but she'll be out here to
of
dispute
*
and things where the
show not only support for the ticket but to
and
the
Soviet
people are on our side. So, we'll
show the affection that she and I have for
we go. But I want to see the
you and George.
give
1
get into a spirit of compro-
To Mike and Fran DeWine, we wish you
Senate
to
this
agree:
early on. You all wrote about
well. I can't wait for the day that you are
to
ratification
talked about it. We talked
Lieutenant Governor, but I'm going to be
George Buth
side Now I want to see
disappointed to have you leave the House
their part, and I'm going
of Representatives that you served so very
to the American people.
well, indeed.
people don't need this. They
And of course, it's like old home week
They don't want it. I don't
here with Alex-your Alex, mine. [Laugh-
how serious sequester
ter] One of the great political leaders-and
Aboard
Air
I mean this-is a former national chairman
Budget
that
they
tried
yester-
who himself studied under Ray Bliss of
just
move
it
on
Akron and still has great affection in his
down
the
road,
heart for Ray Bliss. They don't have many
people
nor
to
political leaders like Alex around this coun-
night?
to
stay
with
try. And he's good, and he's honest, and
day
-
very
proud
he's decent, and I get fired up every time
1453
Administration of George Bush, 1990 / Sept. 26
for the Con-
our fiscal house in order, especially now
enough real spend-
has pledged to support the mission with
with the challenge that we're facing over
enforceable, not just
almost $2 billion and provide ships and
there, halfway around the world, in the
of future savings, a
planes, while Japan has pledged a package
Persian Gulf.
broken. And we're
worth more than $4 billion. France added
Emotions in the budget debate, as I
to
commit
to
another 4,000 troops, and Great Britain is
report to you today, I can tell you, are run-
reform, reform
ning high-they're running very high. You
sending 120 tanks, 6,000 troops, the famous
into the budget
haven't heard much out of me on this. I've
Desert Rats those of us who are old enough
people are not
to remember World War II will recall. So
waited in the wings and tried to conciliate,
hey watch the Con-
and as I told you, I think I've given a great
really-and we're side by side in the soil
rocess is a mess and
deal. But no matter how heated the ex-
there with Egyptian troops and Syrian
for
all.
change of words may be over the budget,
troops and other Arab troops. It's truly Iraq,
the heat here. The
we need to-and I will do this-continue to
then, against the world. The world is simply
the year's budget
maintain a bipartisan spirit in support of
standing up and telling Saddam Hussein:
instant replay.
America's response to Iraqi aggression. I
We will not give in to intimidation.
the United States
would be remiss if I didn't tell you I am
Americans are showing their determina-
lights burning on
grateful, in this Vandenberg concept of par-
tion right here in Ohio. Look no further
to, but before that
tisanship ending at the water's edge, that
than Ashland University, to the father of a
now, let's reach
the Democrats and the Republicans in the
marine stationed in the Gulf region, Profes-
American people
House and the Senate are pulling together.
sor Charles Brereton. Dr. Brereton pub-
fix. No deal to
And I'm grateful to the Democratic leader-
lished in the school newspaper a list of sol-
decisions until
ship for the support that they have publicly
diers in his son Jim's Alpha Company weap-
given-what this country is trying to do in
ons platoon. That one appeal led to a mas-
the Middle East.
powerful commit-
sive outpouring, a flood, of letters and
Democrats voted on
I am often asked when we can bring our
hometown papers and care packages.
solution. Kick it on
kids home-some still arriving. But I can
This is just one way-tiny way, perhaps-
the tough deci-
understand that from parents and loved
but it's one way that Ohio is sending a mes-
to stand in the
ones here in this country-the concern they
sage to the Americans stationed in the
feel about our men and women that are
every ounce of
Middle East. That message is a simple one:
the veto, to see
serving over there. The answer has got to
We're with you all the way. And another
be general: It's got to be as soon as possi-
No quick fix. No
thing, support for our mission is strong, bi-
ble-every single one of them-but when
partisan in the sense of what Senator Van-
the job is done.
hour, and it's real.
denberg meant. For those of us at home,
Certain objectives have to be met. Iraq
American people
we believe that the best way we can serve
must withdraw from Kuwait, without condi-
can come together
our country is to debate and campaign and
tion. Aggression unchecked today will rear
There have been
be the best Republicans and Democrats we
its ugly head tomorrow. Kuwait's legitimate
has been good.
can be. But we cannot allow our political
government must be restored. The security
with you, I think
and the stability of this vital area, an area
life to be held hostage to a foreign crisis.
three top leaders
that affects the lives of every American,
When Ohioans go out to the polls, absen-
tried pretty
must be assured. And American citizens
tee ballots will be streaming in from Ameri-
that's not enough.
abroad, those held hostage in this brutal
cans in uniform, including those stationed
control lies there,
shielding technique that Saddam Hussein
in the Persian Gulf. If our soldiers, sailors,
come forth with an
[President of Iraq] is using, must be protect-
and airmen, and marines can find the time
ed.
to vote under such difficult circumstances, I
to men like Mike
be
But we have another, final objective: to
hope America can count on all Ohioans to
he; Lynn Martin,
create a new partnership of nations; a new
get out there and vote. And when you do-
who is running
world order that is free from the threat of
let me end it this way-when you do, I
who say it's
terror, stronger in the pursuit of justice,
hope you and thousands like you around
important govern-
more secure in the quest for peace.
this great State will make George Voinovich
because
Con-
These are our objectives and those of the
the next Governor of Ohio.
and pass a budget
United Nations Security Council and our
Thank you. God bless the United States of
allies. There are many, many countries to
America. Thank you all.
is
critical.
It
whom I am extraordinarily grateful for this
Note: The President spoke at 12:07 p.m. at
cannot fail to put
tremendous cooperation. West Germany
the Tangier Restaurant. In his remarks, he
1457
Sept. 29 / Administration of George Bush, 1990
Statement by Press Secretary Fitzwater
Gulf and the status of the multinational
on the President's Meeting in New
force there.
York City With Prime Minister Salim
al-Huss of Lebanon
September 29, 1990
The President met with the Prime Minis-
Statement by Press Secretary Fitzwater
ter of Lebanon, Salim al-Huss, at 5 p.m. The
on the President's Meeting in New
President assured the Prime Minister of
York City With Prime Minister Tadeusz
continued U.S. support for the Government
Mazowiecki of Poland
of Lebanon. He said the United States sup-
September 29, 1990
ports Lebanon's independence, unity, sover-
eignty, and territorial integrity. The Presi-
The President and Prime Minister
dent also advised the Prime Minister that
Mazowiecki met at 6:30 p.m. to discuss the
the United States seeks the withdrawal of
status of Poland's move toward the develop-
all foreign forces from Lebanon. The Presi-
ment of a private economy and democratic
dent emphasized that the U.S. contacts with
reforms. The Prime Minister said his coun-
Syria would in no way be detrimental to
try is making considerable progress in
Lebanon.
building democracy and has undertaken
The two leaders discussed the situation in
several specific efforts to privatize their
the Persian Gulf at some length.
economy. He indicated an initial emphasis
The President raised the issue of Ameri-
on moving smaller companies into the pri-
can hostages in Lebanon, pointing out that
vate sector.
we continue to seek all information that
The President congratulated the Prime
could be helpful in securing the release of
Minister on the success they have had so
our hostages. The Prime Minister assured
far. He said the United States supports
the President that he would provide any
Poland in its reform efforts. "America wants
information that might possibly be helpful
you to succeed," the President said. "We
in securing their release.
will help in every way we can." The Presi-
dent outlined the U.S. economic assistance
program for Poland.
The President thanked the Prime Minis-
ter for Poland's contributions to the Persian
Statement by Press Secretary Fitzwater
Gulf. Poland is sending a hospital ship and a
on the President's Meeting in New
field hospital to the region. The Prime Min-
York City With Prime Minister Brian
ister said his country is considering other
Mulroney of Canada
helpful measures as well.
September 29, 1990
Children should inherit
anwo
smaller nations
The President met with Prime Minister
notobjeds of conquest
Mulroney of Canada at 6 p.m. to discuss the
Remarks at the Opening Ceremony of
United Nations World Summit for Children.
the United Nations World Summit for
Prime Minister Mulroney is one of the
Children in New York City
sponsors of the World Summit for Children.
The Prime Minister discussed the major
September 30, 1990
themes of the summit and the scenario for
Mr. Secretary-General and President
tomorrow's meeting. The Prime Minister
said there were 15 million children in the
Traoré, Prime Minister Mulroney, and my
distinguished colleagues from around the
world under 5 years old who die every year
from disease. He said we must work to im-
world, thank you all, and welcome to the
United States.
prove the world environment.
The President and the Prime Minister
the President of this country, in which
I'm proud to address you here today this
also discussed the situation in the Persian
special summit is being held. And at
the
1488
Administration of George Bush, 1990 / Sept. 30
the multinational
outset, let me join all in expressing our ap-
honest reflection, of their parents and their
preciation to UNICEF [United Nations
world. Sometimes, the reflection is flatter-
International Children's Emergency Fund]
ing. At other times, we simply don't like
and then to the kids here with us today.
what we see. So, we must never turn away.
President Traoré, our thanks to you, sir.
So, let me tell you what the American
And may I extend my special respects and
people intend to do. This month, our Secre-
retary Fitzwater
special thanks to the Prime Minister of
tary of Health and Human Services, Dr. Sul-
ting in New
Canada. It was largely his foresight and per-
livan, announced ambitious new health ob-
Minister Tadeusz
sistence that resulted in this impressive
jectives that we as a nation-citizens, fami-
turnout.
lies, business, and government-hope to
In recent days, the world community has
reach by the year 2000. We seek to reduce
acted decisively in defense of a principle:
that small states shall not become souvenirs
infant mortality and low-weight births, to
Prime Minister
increase child-immunization levels and im-
p.m. to discuss the
of conquest. It was just 3 weeks ago that I
prove the health of both mothers and chil-
oward the develop-
spoke to the American people about a new
my and democratic
world order, a new partnership of nations—
dren. And we want to see the day when
freer from the threat of terror, stronger in
every American child is a part of a strong
ister said his coun-
rable progress in
the pursuit of justice, more secure in the
and stable family.
d has undertaken
quest for peace. Today we are holding this
We're working in partnership with other
unprecedented world summit to work for
governments and international organiza-
to privatize their
an initial emphasis
the well-being of those who will live in and
tions to eliminate child-killing diseases. Of
banies into the pri-
lead this new world. Their voices are still
course, many diseases are but a manifesta-
faint and unheard. So, we've come togeth-
tion of an even more basic disorder: malnu-
er, more than 70 strong-heads of state,
trition. And to combat world starvation, the
tulated the Prime
chiefs of government-chiefs of state and
United States will continue to help food
they have had so
ed States supports
heads of government-to speak for the chil-
production in many countries, and we will
rts. "America wants
dren of the Earth.
send almost 150 million metric tons of food
resident said. "We
But first, we should acknowledge that for
abroad this year.
we can." The Presi-
many children the only blessing they will
And sadly, there is another child-killer
ever know is their innocence. The facts are
loose in the world that knows no cure:
economic assistance
as stark as they are oppressive: There are
AIDS. And nowhere is this killer taking
d the Prime Minis-
almost 3 billion young people on Earth
more lives than in Africa. So, I've asked Dr.
tions to the Persian
today, and more than 14 million of them
Sullivan and Dr. Ronald Roskens, the Ad-
hospital ship and a
will die this year. In the next hour alone,
ministrator of AID, to go to Africa to see
on. The Prime Min-
1,000 babies will perish. But I think we're
what else America and the world can do to
all gathered here to defy these statistics.
advance child survival across that continent
considering other
We've seen children-swollen bellies.
and across the world.
We've seen the pleading eyes of starvation.
So far, I've spoken here just briefly of the
We've heard the cries of children dying of
most urgent issues of survival, but simple
disease. So, let us affirm in this historic
survival is not enough for a child lacking in
summit that these children can be saved.
health or learning, or denied the love of
ng Ceremony of
They can be saved when we live up to our
family and time for play. One year and two
orld Summit for
responsibilities not just as an assembly of
days ago, I met with the Governors of our
City
governments but as a world community of
50 States on a single topic of national im-
adults, of parents.
portance. We agreed to set ambitious edu-
In my time as President, I've heard the
cation goals for the year 2000. For America,
al and President
heart-rending cries of AIDS babies. I've
this is a stiff challenge, self-imposed. I see
Mulroney, and my
stood helpless over infants born addicted to
among us today many leaders who should
from around the
cocaine, their tiny bodies trembling with
take pride in giving the world examples of
nd welcome to the
pain. But I've also been to many classrooms
educational excellence, examples the next
across America where the influence of love
generation of Americans will not leave un-
you here today as
and well-being can be seen instantly in
challenged.
untry, in which this
bright faces and wondering eyes. From all
But of course, education is a mystery to
held. And at the
these experiences and many more, I've
the 100 million children not in school. It's
learned that our children are a mirror, an
an outrage that so many spend their child-
1489
anwo
has no
nuclear weapons
Oct. 1 / Administration of George Bush, 1990
between init, Dark Ages
compasison
and anwo
Address Before the 45th Session of the
their children can learn and grow healthy,
United Nations General Assembly in
worship freely, and prosper through the
New York City
work of their hands and their hearts and
October 1, 1990
their minds. We're not talking about the
power of nations but the power of individ-
Mr. President, thank you very much. Mr.
uals, the power to choose, the power to risk,
Secretary-General, distinguished delegates
the power to succeed.
to the United Nations, it is really a great
This is a new and different world. Not
privilege to greet you today as we begin
since 1945 have we seen the real possibility
what marks a new and historic session of
of using the United Nations as it was de-
the General Assembly. My congratulations
signed: as a center for international collec-
to the Honorable Guido de Marco on your
tive security.
election, sir, as President of the General
The changes in the Soviet Union have
Assembly. And on a personal note, I want to
been critical to the emergence of a stronger
say that, having witnessed the unprecedent-
United Nations. The U.S.-Soviet relationship
ed unity and cooperation of the past 2
is finally beyond containment and confron-
months, that I have never been prouder to
tation, and now we seek to fulfill the prom-
have once served within your ranks and
ise of mutually shared understanding. The
never been prouder that the United States
long twilight struggle that for 45 years has
is the host country for the United Nations.
Forty-five years ago, while the fires of an
divided Europe, our two nations, and much
of the world has come to an end.
epic war still raged across two oceans and
two continents, a small group of men and
Much has changed over the last 2 years.
women began a search for hope amid the
The Soviet Union has taken many dramatic
ruins. And they gathered in San Francisco,
and important steps to participate fully in
stepping back from the haze and horror, to
the community of nations. And when the
try to shape a new structure that might
Soviet Union agreed with so many of us
support an ancient dream. Intensely idealis-
here in the United Nations to condemn the
tic and yet tempered by war, they sought to
aggression of Iraq, there could be no
build a new kind of bridge: a bridge be-
doubt-no doubt then-that we had,
tween nations, a bridge that might help
indeed, put four decades of history behind
carry humankind from its darkest hour to
us.
its brightest day.
We are hopeful that the machinery of the
The founding of the United Nations em-
United Nations will no longer be frozen by
bodied our deepest hopes for a peaceful
the divisions that plagued us during the
world, and during the past year, we've
Cold War, that at last-long last-we can
come closer than ever before to realizing
build new bridges and tear down old walls,
those hopes. We've seen a century sun-
that at long last we will be able to build a
dered by barbed threats and barbed wire
new world based on an event for which we
give way to a new era of peace and compe-
have all hoped: an end to the Cold War.
tition and freedom.
Two days from now, the world will be
The Revolution of '89 swept the world
watching when the Cold War is formally
almost with a life of its own, carried by a
buried in Berlin. And in this time of testing,
new breeze of freedom. It transformed the
a fundamental question must be asked, a
political climate from Central Europe to
question not for any one nation but for the
Central America and touched almost every
United Nations. And the question is this:
corner of the globe. That breeze has been
Can we work together in a new partnership
sustained by a now almost universal recog-
of nations? Can the collective strength of
nition of a simple, fundamental truth: The
the world community, expressed by the
human spirit cannot be locked up forever.
United Nations, unite to deter and defeat
The truth is, people everywhere are moti-
aggression? Because the Cold War's battle
vated in much the same ways. And people
of ideas is not the last epic battle of this
everywhere want much the same things:
century.
the chance to live a life of purpose; the
Two months ago, in the waning weeks of
chance to choose a life in which they and
one of history's most hopeful summers, the
1496
Oct. 1 / Administration of George Bush, 1990
The United Nations can help bring about
oooThis is precisely why the present aggres-
a new day, a day when these kinds of terri-
sion in the Gulf is a menace not only to one
ble weapons and the terrible despots who
region's security but to the entire world's
would use them are both a thing of the
vision of our future. It threatens to turn the
past. It is in our hands to leave these dark
dream of a new international order into a
machines behind, in the Dark Ages where
grim nightmare of anarchy in which the
they belong, and to press forward to cap a
law of the jungle supplants the law of na-
historic movement towards a new world
tions. And that's why the United Nations
order and a long era of peace.
reacted with such historic unity and resolve.
We have a vision of a new partnership of
And that's why this challenge is a test that
nations that transcends the Cold War: a
we cannot afford to fail. I am confident we
partnership based on consultation, coopera-
will prevail. Success, too, will have lasting
tion, and collective action, especially
consequences: reinforcing civilized stand-
through international and regional organi-
ards of international conduct, setting a new
zations; a partnership united by principle
precedent in international cooperation,
and the rule of law and supported by an
brightening the prospects for our vision of
equitable sharing of both cost and commit-
the future.
ment; a partnership whose goals are to in-
There are 10 more years until this centu-
crease democracy, increase prosperity, in-
ry is out, 10 more years to put the struggles
crease the peace, and reduce arms.
of the 20th century permanently behind us,
And as we look to the future, the calen-
10 more years to help launch a new part-
dar offers up a convenient milestone, a sign-
nership of nations. And throughout those 10
post, by which to measure our progress as a
years, and beginning now, the United Na-
community of nations. The year 2000 marks
tions has a new and vital role in building
a turning point, beginning not only the turn
towards that partnership. Last year's Gener-
of the decade, not only the turn of the cen-
al Assembly showed how we can make
tury, but also the turn of the millennium.
greater progress toward a more pragmatic
And 10 years from now, as the 55th session
and successful United Nations. And for the
of the General Assembly begins, you will
first time, the U.N. Security Council is be-
again find many of us in this hall, hair a bit
ginning to work as it was designed to work.
more gray perhaps, maybe a little less
And now is the time to set aside old and
spring in our walk; but you will not find us
counterproductive debates and procedures
with any less hope or idealism or any less
and controversies and resolutions. It's time
confidence in the ultimate triumph of man-
to replace polemic attacks with pragmatic
kind.
action.
I see a world of open borders, open trade
And we've shown that the U.N. can count
and, most importantly, open minds; a world
on the collective strength of the interna-
that celebrates the common heritage that
belongs to all the world's people, taking
tional community. We've shown that the
pride not just in hometown or homeland
U.N. can rise to the challenge of aggression
but in humanity itself. I see a world
just as its founders hoped that it would. And
touched by a spirit like that of the Olym-
now is the time of testing. And we must
pics, based not on competition that's driven
also show that the United Nations is the
by fear but sought out of joy and exhilara-
place to build international support and
tion and a true quest for excellence. And I
consensus for meeting the other challenges
see a world where democracy continues to
we face.
win new friends and convert old foes and
The world remains a dangerous place:
where the Americas-North, Central, and
and our security and well-being often de-
South-can provide a model for the future
pends, in part, on events occurring far
of all humankind: the world's first com-
away. We need serious international coop-
pletely democratic hemisphere. And I see a
erative efforts to make headway on the
world building on the emerging new model
threats to the environment, on terrorism.
of European unity, not just Europe but the
on managing the debt burden, on fighting
whole world whole and free.
the scourge of international drug traffick-
1498
anwo instead of for force law
respect
Administration of George Bush, 1990 / Nov. 17
cooperate
vernment.
Remarks to the Federal Assembly in
Generations of Americans, Czechs, and
need for
Prague, Czechoslovakia
Slovaks sustained these common bonds. In
deal with
November 17, 1990
the battle to defeat Nazi tyranny, America
ted States.
stood with the courageous Czech and
itter of the
President Havel, thank you, sir, for greet-
Slovak partisans fighting for freedom.
ing us with such warmth today. And to
n is a high
Through the long dark decades after 1948,
Chairman Dubček, thank you, sir, for that
bout.
we, like you, refused to accept Europe's di-
really warm and generous introduction.
vision. Through Radio Free Europe and the
May I salute the Prime Ministers of the
Voice of America, we held aloft the ideal of
Czech and Slovak Republics; the Members
truth, and we spoke a common language of
roximately
of the Assembly; and most of all, the people
hope.
of Czechoslovakia. It is an honor for me, the
shed them
first American President ever to visit your
At long last, the grip of the dictators
for stabili-
weakened; Czechoslovakia seized its chance
country, to bring you the greetings of the
ed on the
American people on this, the first anniver-
to rise up, to reclaim your rights as a free
hat has ac-
sary of Czechoslovakia's return to freedom.
people and as a sovereign nation.
the world.
One year ago today, in the streets and
Today, as fellow citizens of free govern-
ng hard to
squares of this city, the people of Prague
ments, we share the fruits of our common
if more of
gathered, first by twos and threes, and then
resolve. Europe, East and West, stands at
he United
by thousands-in the night air, an autumn
the threshold of a new era: an era of peace,
production
chill; in their minds, memories of a spring
prosperity, and security unparalleled in the
20 years past. The Velvet Revolution had
long history of this continent. Today Eu-
begun.
rope's long division is ending. Today, once
ision is a
That revolution succeeded without a
more, Czechoslovakia is free.
nt Bush re-
e of the
single shot. Your weapons proved far supe-
Czechoslovakia's revolution is over, but
rior to any in the state's arsenal. In the face
its renaissance has just begun. Your work
n the way
of force, you deployed the power of princi-
and ours is far from complete. Your nation,
ple. Against a wall of lies, you advanced the
like your neighbors to the north and south,
truth. Out of a thousand acts of courage,
faces the unprecedented task of building a
Czech and Slovak, emerged a single voice.
stable, democratic rule and a prosperous
dent Bush
Its message: The time had come to bring
market economy on the ruins of totalitari-
freedom home to Czechoslovakia.
resident of
anism. I am here today to say that we will
Your revolution was also a renewal: a re-
not fail you in this decisive moment. Amer-
eeted him
newal of the deeply held principles that
ica will stand with you to that end.
ric role in
bind my country, the United States of
America stands ready to help Czechoslo-
zechoslova-
America, to yours; principles enshrined in
vakia realize the progress and prosperity
his visit to
your Declaration of Independence, issued
now within reach. Today our two countries
President
in the United States in 1918 by Tomáš Ma-
will conclude agreements giving Czechoslo-
prominent
saryk, your first President, and Milan Sta-
vakia the fullest access to American mar-
ons. Presi-
fanik, proud Slovak patriot; principles in-
kets, American investment, and American
discussed
spired by the ringing words of our own
technology. To help unleash the creativity
ly and its
Thomas Jefferson more than two centuries
and drive of the Czechs and Slovak people,
democra-
ago.
I will urge our Congress to authorize a $60-
e meeting
In my homeland, those principles were
million Czechoslovak-American Enterprise
ther guest
put into practice when we adopted our
Fund. In addition, to help build your pri-
President
Constitution and its Bill of Rights. And last
vate sector, the United States will extend
ed: "With
night, I carried copies of those documents
prompt economic assistance from the $370
st wishes,
as we flew from Washington to Prague,
million now committed to central and east-
copies that I guess were passed out to you
ern Europe for the coming year.
as you came in today. And during this his-
We also welcome the active involvement
Bush ar-
toric time, as you consider the adoption of
of the American private sector. I am
he was ac-
your own federal system and bill of rights, I
pleased to see that yesterday your govern-
ll military
offer them to you in friendship, for the
ment entered into a promising, multimil-
common principles and common bonds our
lion-dollar joint venture with Bell Atlantic
peoples have long shared.
and U.S. West to modernize your country's
1851
Administration of George Bush, 1990
Non
17
me
draw
on
men and women everywhere must be free
the tragic consequences when nations con-
Several years
to enjoy the fruits of their labor and that
fronted with aggression choose to will
the Western
the rule of law must govern the conduct of
selves it is no concern of theirs, just a
so-called
dissi-
nations.
"quarrel in a faraway country
uld help your
The United States welcomes the new de-
people of whom we know nothing.
that question,
mocracies of central and eastern Europe
We Americans, too, have learned W..
the
West
fully into the commonwealth of freedom, a
know the costs, to ourselves and 11, the
vas their cause,
moral community united in its dedication to
uote: "Are not
free ideals. We wish to encourage the
whole of Europe, of our isolationism after
hopes his dim
Soviet Union to go forward with their re-
the First World War. We know that Amer-
ica must resist the temptation to
Is not the de-
forms, as difficult as the course may seem.
our work complete. We must remain
a destruction
They will find our community ready to wel-
to what is
come them and to help them as they, too,
mitted to the cause of freedom in the
world.
for the same
commit themselves to this commonwealth
of freedom.
And more and more, the Soviet is
ident Havel-
Every new nation that embraces these
demonstrating its commitment to "
spoke out of
common values, every new nation that joins
constructive force for international stability.
all mankind is
the ranks of this commonwealth of free-
More and more, the United Nations is
nderstand. this
dom, advances us one step closer to a new
tioning as its creators intended it: from
half a century,
world order, a world in which the use of
the ideological confrontation that
cut short not
force gives way to a shared respect for the
collective action, rendered impotent the
elest tyrannies
rule of law. This new world will be incom-
peacekeeping function of that body
know what it
plete without a vision that extends beyond
From this first crisis of the post-Cold 'N:ss
whose vision
the boundaries of Europe alone. Now that
era comes an historic opportunity: the
for freedom.
unity is within reach in Europe is no time
portunity to draw upon the great and
ue stands just
for our vision of change to stop at the edge
ing strength of the commonwealth is
Prymen of Co-
of this continent.
dom and forge for all nations a new
whose name
The principles guiding our two nations,
order far more stable and secure any
of Bratislava,
the principles at work in our two revolu-
we have known.
far horizon
tions, are not Czech or Slovak or American
Today I am very proud to join
rinciples, that
alone. These principles are universal, rooted
whose very
in the love of liberty and the rights of man.
vakia as it celebrates a year in freedom
salute you for your courage and your
digilance, you
Now, after four decades of conflict and
for all that you have endured, and
ur future de-
cold war, we are entering an era of great
you are destined to achieve. And
eroic actions
promise; and yet our freedom, the freedom
of people everywhere, remains under
lenge you, as you take your rightful believe
inciples that
the center of Europe, to look beyong
ich you live.
threat from regimes for whom the rights of
ople, no con-
man and rule of law mean nothing. And
confines of this continent to join will,
unto itself.
that is why our response to the challenge in
neighbors in Europe and in North
wined.
the Persian Gulf is critical. The current
to build a true commonwealth of boxes
celebra-
crisis there is a warning to America as well
so that the peace and prosperity you
as to Europe that we cannot turn inward,
the peace and prosperity we shall
a new re-
ocracy has
somehow isolate ourselves from global chal-
will be the peace and prosperity of
both the op-
lenges. Iraq's brutal aggression against
kind.
join us in
Kuwait is a rude reminder that none of us
Once again, thank you for this ware
in common
can remain secure when aggression remains
come, and may God bless the
onwealth of
unchecked.
Czechoslovakia.
I have this feeling in my heart that no
shared prin-
peoples understand better what is at stake
that consti-
in the Gulf than Czechs and Slovaks. You
unshakable
know from your own bitter experience that
Note: The President spoke at 12:36
of man and
the world cannot turn a blind eye to aggres-
the Federal Assembly Hall. In his reason
Thent derives
y
sion. You know the futility and vain hope
he referred to Alexander Dubćek, Charces
belief that
that aggressors can be appeased. You know
of the Federal Assembly.
Nov. 22 / Administration of George Bush, 1990
with
this
kind
of
aggression.
We're
not
as a true friend, as a man of principles and
going to compromise.
determination, a statesman endowed with
Iraqi Nuclear Capability
vision and compassion. We value the contri-
bution he has made to strengthen Egyptian-
Q. Sir, you've talked increasingly today
American friendship, bringing it to a higher
about a nuclear-Saddam's nuclear capabil-
level of cooperation based on principles and
ity-
mutual respect.
The President. Yes, I'm concerned about
it.
We are proud of this partnership which
Q. What's behind that?
has helped us to advance the cause of peace
The President. There's nothing behind it.
and the fraternity among all nations, to
It's just the fact that I think the longer it
stand for eradication of injustice and the
goes on, why, I'm concerned about it.
elimination of war and violence, and to con-
That's what's behind it.
tribute to the construction of a new world
Mubarde
Q. Do you have new information, more
order a world in which all nations, big or
so than you thought before?
small, have a right to live in peace and
The President. I would just stay with
dignity.
what I've said here today. When I said, re-
In our talks today we pursued our discus-
member, that he's used every weapon that
sion of several issues of common concern.
he's had, I'm thinking primarily of the bru-
We came out of these talks with a better
tality of those chemical weapons that he did
understanding of how to deal with the chal-
use on his own people. And I hope the
lenge of our time. In the difficult weeks
American people understand this more
ahead we will leave no stone unturned in
clearly now. But I darn sure get the feeling
our search for a peaceful solution to the
that the people out here understand it.
Gulf crisis. But let no one be in doubt that
the status quo of occupation and repression
President's Visit With the Troops
is totally unacceptable to us and in the
Q. Was this an emotional day for you, sir?
entire world. It is a threat to peace and
The President. It was a very emotional
security everywhere and a grave violation
day for me. And I think we are very fortu-
of the rule of law. It undermines the very
nate to have this kind of dedicated young
foundation of our modern civilization.
men and young women in the sands of
Hence, the Iraqi invasion must be reversed
Saudi Arabia today. It's only the United
and Kuwait must be liberated. No tactics
States that can lead like this-it's only the
will divert us from our objective. No act of
United States of America. We have others
defiance will weaken our resolve or shake
with us, but these are the ones that are
our determination. To both of us it's a
doing the heavy lifting. And God bless them
matter of principle and moral commitment.
all.
If we fail to meet that challenge, the conse-
quences will be grave for all nations. We
Note: The exchange took place at a Marine
cannot compromise on principle and moral
tactical site in the desert. A tape was not
values. Nor can we bargain on the funda-
available for verification of the content of
these remarks.
mental right of peoples to live in freedom
anwo a pastrership
and dignity.
As you work together with the family of
of nations
nations in order to bring the tragedy of the
Gulf to an end, we shall address other prob-
Remarks and a Question-and-Answer
lems with the same zeal and commitment.
Session With Reporters Following
In the right context, the plight of the Pales-
Discussions With President Mohammed
tinian people must be brought under focus.
Hosni Mubarak in Cairo, Egypt
Their inherent right to self-determination
November 23, 1990
should be exercised. The holy shrines of Je-
rusalem must be respected and protected.
President Mubarak. We welcome Presi-
Mr. President, you came to us in peace,
dent Bush in Egypt as an outstanding
and we greet you in peace. We stand here
leader of a great nation. We welcome him
together at a crucial moment in the history
1908
next page
Aragreement
Administration of George Bush, 1990 / Nov. 23
have explored all
President Bush. First, on the CSCE. This
And so, there has been a separation, but
have
had
many
isn't directly responsive to your question,
let me reassure you, the United States re-
of
peace
on
behalf
but I'll say this to our friends here in
mains extraordinarily interested and hope
of
others
to
this
Cairo-and I did not mention this to my
we can be helpful in a lasting solution-
we're
going
to
friend President Mubarak: Those countries,
peaceful solution-to the whole question of
we're
going
to
the newest members around the CSCE cor-
the entire Middle East.
we're
going
to
ridors, the Eastern European countries,
were perhaps the strongest in their convic-
Iraq-U.S. Relations
nothing-no
tion that Saddam Hussein's aggression not
Q. President Mubarak, could I ask you,
ed-that's
driving
be rewarded.
please, about the role of President Assad of
I
can
Václav Havel [President of Czechoslova-
Syria? We understand that you were instru-
guarantee
can
speak
for
kia] was eloquent-indeed, he spoke at a
mental in urging Mr. Bush to meet with
tired
of
the
press conference on it-[Prime Minister]
President Assad. I'd like to know why, sir.
of
the
world.
Antall of Hungary, and [Prime Minister]
And I'd also like to ask President Bush why
in
the
discussions
Mazowiecki of Poland. And the reason is
it is that not all that long ago it was Saddam
in
the
because they had been aggressed against by
Hussein that the U.S. was dealing with in
United
will
see
the
a different Soviet Union in the past. They
the Middle East and Assad who was on the
rought
on
know what it is to be oppressed and to have
outs, and now things have reversed them-
Kuwait
Kuwaitis
aggression succeed. So, this was one of the
selves.
the
are
tales of brutality
reasons, I think, there was strong support
President Bush. Well, you want me to go
Kuwait.
It's
been
for what we are doing in terms of a future
first? I'd ask you to repeat the question,
world order.
because I didn't hear the first part of it. But
And
I'm
not
sure
that,
You heard President Mubarak refer to
if the question is why our outrage against
so
we
do
present
that. This, the integration of Arab countries
Saddam Hussein today, when we had tried
that.
into a CSCE process, wasn't discussed but
to improve relations-he hadn't invaded
stopped from any
implicit in our optimistic assessment that
Kuwait. He hadn't raped, pillaged, and
plundered the people in Kuwait and the
not
the
once Iraq is out of the way-once the Iraq-
point,
Kuwait struggle is out of the way-we can
city of Kuwait itself. He hadn't violated this
Press
Inter-
have a new world order. And that new
fundamental norm of international behav-
is
still
in
Kuwait.
world order certainly offers a much better
ior. And indeed, other countries have tried
this
coalition
will
chance for peace for the Middle East.
to improve relations with him. And ours
not
rest
until
he
is
the
In terms of the Palestine question and in
was one of them. I've said to you before,
point.
And
terms of what Mr. Shamir has said, I've
given what he's done now, maybe that is
And
I
am
con-
learned something: not to comment until I
something we shouldn't have undertaken.
erday,
all
options
actually see the quote. But the United
Now, what was your-
States remains determined to be helpful, to
Syria's Role
be a catalyst in bringing peace to the West
or
for
the
Presi-
Q. Well, the question was really the role
Bank question. And we are supportive-we
reversal and the fact that Mr. Assad is the
have always been-of Security Council Res-
one who has been on the list of those re-
for
you,
sir.
olution 242. We tried very hard before this
sponsible-
am.
aggression by Iraq-which is unrelated in
President Bush. Mr. Assad is lined up
my view-but we tried very hard to be a
with us with a commitment to force.
catalyst for peace talks to get going. And let
Having seen those American kids in the
lessons
from
the
me just say here we are still determined to
desert yesterday, I will work with those that
curity
and
Coop-
play a very useful role in a peaceful resolu-
have stood forward and said, We are not
and-apply-
tion of this question.
going to permit Saddam Hussein's aggres-
the
Middle
East?
And it is not something that we have for-
sion to succeed. That doesn't mean we have
futuristic
plans
gotten. What I am equally determined to
no differences with Syria; we've got big dif-
King
Fahd
[of
do is keep these two questions separate.
ferences on certain categories, and I'll be
one.
Number
There should not be any linkage. Saddam
glad to discuss them with President Hafiz
to
Mr.
Shamir's
Hussein should not be able to hide behind
Assad when I meet with him.
statements
con-
the difficulty in one area so he can continue
But they are on the front line, or will be,
ories
and
the
set-
his aggression and brutality and torture in
standing up against this aggression. Out of
another.
this, I would only say I will work with those
1911
Administration of George Bush, 1990 / Nov. 19
blomatic
The Government of France is requested to
Q. Is it force or patience? President Gor-
transmit the text of the Declaration to the
bachev, is it force or patience?
tion to
Secretary-General of the United Nations,
President Gorbachev. Well, I think we all
nuclear
with a view to its circulation to all the
need patience, but that does not mean that
disarma-
members of the organization as an official
we are going to relax, we are going to re-
security
document of the United Nations, indicating
treat. No, we are going to demand in a very
ey call
that it is not eligible for registration under
resolute way. And the fact that we are
Treaty
Article 102 of the Charter of the United
working together, not only the Soviet Union
Europe
Nations. Each of the signatory States will
and the United States but the United Na-
ue the
receive from the Government of France a
tions and the whole are acting together,
Europe
true copy of this Declaration.
allows me to expect that in this very diffi-
within
In witness whereof the undersigned High
cult crisis, resolutions will be found. And we
elcome
Representatives have subscribed their signa-
will not waste time.
tures below.
etween
President Bush. We've got one more
ion on
wave.
Note: The declaration was made available
nuclear
Q. Will there be a press conference after-
by the Office of the Press Secretary, but
wards?
was not issued as a White House press re-
n that
President Bush. Not me. I had one this
lease.
easures
morning.
d fully
control
arms
Q. President Bush, are you satisfied with
f such
begins
what President Gorbachev-
nce of
Exchange With Reporters in Paris
anwo
President Bush. I'm looking forward to
deter-
France
these consultations, and I'm very pleased
a suc-
November 19, 1990
with the way the Soviet Union and the
United States have worked together at the
ith the
Persian Gulf Crisis
United Nations. We'll continue to-to be
ength-
very open lines of communication, and I
Q. Mr. Gorbachev.
ake an
have no reason to be anything other than
President Gorbachev. Maybe we'll have
y and
very satisfied.
something to say to you after our talk.
n par-
Thank you all very much.
Q. Well, Saddam Hussein [President of
consul-
Iraq] is building up his troops-200,000
Soviet Union-U.S. Relations
to de-
more troops in Kuwait. What do you think
[At this point, a reporter asked a question
ey are
tional
that means? And what new ideas have you
in Russian.]
brought to the President?
ent on
gether
President Gorbachev. You're very knowl-
President Gorbachev. By the way, I tried
edgeable.
to speak to that in my speech, and I showed
n the
that without the kind of U.S.-Soviet rela-
to in-
Q. Thank you. [Laughter]
tionship as exists now nothing positive
President Bush. That is the new idea.
peace
would have happened in Europe and in the
[Laughter]
world. That has not diminished the role of
eding
President Gorbachev. I'll say just a
the-but that's the reality.
couple of words because it's easier for me
peo-
President Bush. And inasmuch as you
al un-
than for the President because I think he
mentioned my name, I totally agree with
work
suffers from jet lag a little more. So, I think
that. And what's been lost today because
nt of
we'll complete our understanding on a
events in other parts of the world is the
the
number of topics, and central to our discus-
significance of this meeting here in Paris,
the
sion probably will be the Persian Gulf crisis.
and it was historic. And President Gorba-
Final
I think you must know that we're not going
chev is correct. The fact that the Soviet
to change our position. We certainly will
Union and the United States could work
vhich
seek to resolve that situation, and we must
together not only to achieve an arms con-
Rus-
be firm in our position in that.
trol agreement but to start looking into the
entic
Q. What is your position?
future with harmony and in cooperation is
nt of
President Gorbachev. You don't know
very, very promising for the new world
nives.
our position?
order, for a Europe whole and free, and for
nucl end airswer of
1873
Nov. 19 / Administration of George Bush, 1990
through countless heartwarming gestures.
conclusion of the GATT [General Agree-
This week we reaffirm the importance of
ment on Tariffs and Trade] round. And
such generous efforts and unite in offering a
thank you, Prime Minister, for coming at
heartfelt salute to all of our Nation's mili-
this early hour. But once again, I've learned
tary families.
a lot, and I feel very comfortable that the
The Congress, by House Joint Resolution
U.K. and the United States are looking at
566, has designated November 19, 1990, as
these major problems through the same
"National Military Families Recognition
prism.
Day" and has authorized and requested the
The Prime Minister. It's been a very
President to issue a proclamation in observ-
good breakfast meeting. We see SO similarly
ance of this day.
on most things. We have the same firmness
Now, Therefore, I, George Bush, Presi-
on the Gulf, the same horror that hostages
dent of the United States of America, do
are kept at all-they should be released im-
hereby proclaim November 19, 1990, as Na-
mediately-the same firmness that if
tional Military Families Recognition Day. I
Saddam Hussein [President of Iraq] does
urge all Americans to observe this day with
not withdraw from Kuwait, the military
appropriate programs, ceremonies, and ac-
option would have to be used.
tivities in honor of U.S. military families
We also come together on a day when-if
throughout the world. I also urge the
the United States and the United Kingdom
people of the United States to pause in
and Europe had not stayed absolutely firm
their homes, churches, synagogues, and
other suitable places on this day to pray in a
in defense, we should never be in a position
special manner for those military families
to sign the agreement that will be signed
whose loved ones are stationed in the Per-
today. That, I think, is a very, very good
message to the world to stay firm in de-
sian Gulf region.
fense, because you never know what uncer-
In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set
tainties may arise.
my hand this sixteenth day of November, in
the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and
On other things, you know we and the
United States believe firmly in free trade.
ninety, and of the Independence of the
United States of America the two hundred
That is what gets a prosperous world. And
and fifteenth.
we're deeply concerned about the GATT
round. And as you know, I have done my
George Bush
level-best to see that Europe puts forward
reasonable proposals-indeed, put forward
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Regis-
any proposals. We're not through the diffi-
ter, 11:40 a.m., November 19, 1990]
culties yet, and it's important that the Uru-
Note: The proclamation was released by the
guay round does succeed.
Office of the Press Secretary on November
Prospects of War
19.
CFE agreement
Q. Mrs. Thatcher, do you think there's
signals anwo is
going to be a war, a shooting war, in the
Gulf? You have a lot of experience with the
beginning
Middle East and certainly Britain's ties with
Remarks and an Exchange With
Iraq. What do you think?
Reporters Following Discussions With
The Prime Minister. There will be one
Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher of
fair way to avoid that, and that would be
the United Kingdom in Paris, France
for Saddam Hussein to withdraw quickly,
November 19, 1990
totally.
Q. Does that answer the question?
The President. We've had a very delight-
The Prime Minister. Yes, it does.
ful breakfast, and I want to thank the Prime
Q. Do you think it-
Minister for coming over. Not surprisingly,
The Prime Minister. If he does not, then
we see eye to eye on matters in the Gulf.
he has to be removed by force. This is evil.
And we had an opportunity to discuss trade,
The things that are going on in Kuwait are
the importance of getting on to a successful
terrifying. They are brutal. And most
1864
Administration of George Bush, 1990 / Nov. 19
eral Agree-
round.
And
people understand that evil has to be
The Prime Minister. Saddam Hussein
stopped. Either he withdraws or the mili-
coming at
should obey the United Nations resolutions
I've learned
tary option has to be used.
and withdraw immediately. What we've got
ble that the
Hostages in Kuwait and Iraq
now is not peace. There's no peace in
looking at
Q. Mr. President, I know that you think
Kuwait; there's evil. There is daily brutality.
the same
this latest hostage offer from Saddam Hus-
There is cruelty. They're shooting people
sein is a cynical manipulation of hostage
because they have attempted to hide and
een a very
families
protect foreigners in Kuwait. That is not
so similarly
The President. Yes, I do.
peace. It is the worst brutality and evil.
me firmness
Q.
Unless he leaves, he will have to be made
but could it serve in any way as a
hat hostages
possible precursor for some kind of negotia-
to leave by force. I think you just have to
released im-
tion to get him out of Kuwait?
get the fundamentals straight. He plays
that if
The President. I can't read his mind, but
with human beings as if they were pawns.
Iraq] does
when you have done something as outra-
Unless you stop this man, there will be no
the military
peace in the world, let alone in the Middle
geously illegal as grabbing somebody's inno-
East.
cent civilians and holding them hostage-
ay when-if
kidnaping them, if you will-there should
Can I just say, the mere heads of govern-
Kingdom
be no reward for that. And he ought to
ment have to get to the conference before
olutely firm
have released them long ago. And he ought
heads of state. [Laughter] So, can I just-
in a position
to release them now. And this cynicism of
British Conservative Party Leadership
1 be signed
starting to release them on Christmas Day
Election
very good
will be seen by the world as a total ploy.
firm in de-
Q. One British question. Are you going to
And so, if you mean does it offer me hope
survive
what uncer-
that he's getting flexible, I don't think so. I
Q. Are you going to survive tomorrow?
think it's a cynical ploy to rally public opin-
Are you going to survive the political chal-
we and the
ion. And it is so brutal to parcel out human
lenge?
free trade.
life in that way that I think it will backfire
The Prime Minister. I most earnestly be-
world. And
in terms of what he expected from it.
lieve so.
the GATT
done my
Resolution of the Persian Gulf Crisis
The President. Thank you all very much.
uts forward
Q. Mr. President, en route here, Presi-
Conventional Arms Reduction in Europe
ut forward
dent Gorbachev in Italy said he was con-
Q. I'd like another conference question,
h the diffi-
vinced that a peaceful way would be found
Mr. President.
at the Uru-
out of this crisis. And he spoke of new ideas;
The President. A what?
the implication seeming to be new initia-
Q. A conference question.
tives in the diplomatic front. Do you to any
Q. Can we ask you about-
degree share that optimism? I know you've
The President. I'm going to take one
ink there's
said you're hopeful that a peaceful way can
more question, and then I'm—
war, in the
be found, but do you share the optimism
ce with the
that Mr. Gorbachev appears to be express-
Q. I'd like to know if you see any irony in
is ties with
ing? And do you know anything about new
coming together to sign this treaty that re-
ideas?
duces conventional arms and celebrates
vill be one
The President. I'll talk to him, but I have
peace in Europe while you push this tough
hard line against Saddam Hussein.
would be
not seen anything to make me believe
W quickly,
there is a new approach that fulfills the
The President. I don't see any irony in it
whatsoever. What I see is the fact that
obligations entailed under the United Na-
tions resolutions. Because there can be no
we're able to enter into a CFE [convention-
on?
al armed forces in Europe] agreement with
compromise. You cannot reward aggression.
But I will be seeing him, and Mr. Gorba-
full cooperation and support of the Soviet
Union who, heretofore, has been an enor-
not,
then
chev has been very solid in support of the
This is evil.
United Nations. So, I'm anxious to know if
mous adversary of the West. And now this
reduces to practically nil the tensions that
Kuwait are
there's something new that he's thinking of,
but I can't think what it is.
have existed. It is the farthest reaching
And most
Q. Could you address that question?
arms control agreement in history; and it
signals the new world order that is emerg-
need next page
1865
end of answer
Nov. 22 / Administration of George Bush, 1990
when all nations that value freedom must
the Speaker of the House. Next to him, Sen-
confront aggression.
ator George Mitchell, the leader of the
Sometimes it's a question of some pain-
United States Senate. Senator Bob Dole, mi-
some pain now to avoid even worse pain
nority leader. And Congressman Bob
later. In World War II, the world paid
Michel of Illinois, the minority leader. And
dearly for appeasing an aggressor who
to you, Ted-Colonel Reid-thank you, sir.
could have been stopped early on. We're
And let me give a special salute, if I might,
not going to make that mistake again. We
to the host unit for our visit, the 2d Battal-
will not appease this aggressor.
ion of the 18th Infantry Regiment.
The world is still a dangerous place, and
I can't do much about this warm weather,
those in uniform will always bear the heavi-
but I hope you're getting enough MRE's.
est burden. And we want every single
[Laughter] I'm told that's a military term
American home. And this we promise: No
meaning "I'd rather have a Bud Light."
American will be kept in the Gulf a single
[Laughter] Now, look, look, we know that
day longer than necessary. But we won't
the days can get pretty long out here, and
pull punches. We're not here on some exer-
you'll be glad to know that if it goes on too
cise. This is a real world situation and we're
long we have a secret weapon in reserve. If
not walking away until our mission is done,
push comes to shove, we're going to get
until the invader is out of Kuwait.
Roseanne Barr to go to Iraq and sing the
There is no way Americans can forget the
national anthem. Baghdad Betty, eat your
contribution you are making to world peace
heart out. [Laughter]
and to our country. Year after year on this
Barbara and I are very, very pleased to
very special day, special to every American,
be here today, joined by the bipartisan lead-
no doubt each of you has given thanks to
ership of the Congress on this mission of
your country. This year your country gives
peace, this mission of pride. And we're hon-
thanks to you. We think of you with pride
ored to be here to tell you that on this
in our hearts and a prayer on our lips.
special Thanksgiving Day, Americans will
May God bless you and watch over you.
thank God for many things, but first they
To those with whom we stand shoulder to
will thank God for each one of you.
shoulder, our friends from other lands, may
The 18th Airborne, with the strength of
God bless each and every one of you. And
the 197th Infantry Brigade and the 24th
may God bless the United States of Amer-
Infantry Division-{applause]-okay, you're
ica. Thank you very much. Thank you.
entitled to 2 seconds-[laughter]-and so
Good to see all of you. Thank you.
many other brave Americans, has spear-
headed what history will judge as one of the
Note: The President spoke at 11:05 a.m. at
most important deployments of military
the Military Airlift Command ramp at
power in the last half century. You've done
Dhahran International Airport. In his re-
it for principle, you've done it for freedom,
marks, he referred to Col. John McBroom,
and you've done it to make America proud.
commander of the 1st Tactical Fighter
And so, I've come out here today personally
Wing, and Gen. H. Norman Schwarzkopf,
to thank you, the men and women who
commander of U.S. forces in the Persian
endured much and sacrificed more to stand
Gulf.
tall against aggression.
economics
I hope you'll excuse a personal reference,
in anno
but seeing you all here brings back a per-
sonal memory of another Thanksgiving-an-
Remarks to United States Army Troops
other group of young Americans far from
Near Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
home-and for me it was November 23,
November 22, 1990
1944. And I was 20 years old and 6 days
away from my last mission as a carrier pilot.
Hey, listen, thanks for that warm desert
And our ship, the San Jacinto, laid off the
welcome, and I mean warm. Let me first
coast of the Philippines. And while we cele-
introduce you to the leaders of the United
brated without family that year, like you,
States Congress. This is Speaker Tom Foley,
we all came together as friends and as part
1900
Administration of George Bush, 1990 / Nov. 22
e. Next to him, Sen-
of something bigger than ourselves to thank
Iraq. Even now, without an actual shortage
the leader of the
God for our blessings. And we joined to-
of oil, Saddam's aggression is directly re-
nator Bob Dole, mi-
gether then, as you are now, as a part of a
sponsible for skyrocketing oil prices, causing
Congressman Bob
proud force for freedom.
serious problems at home and throughout
inority leader. And
You know, back then, the 24th was there
the entire world, especially for smaller
eid-thank you, sir.
in the northern Philippines, as I was flying
countries who are hurt the most.
ial salute, if I might,
raids in the south on Manila Bay; and
You know, in Eastern Europe, the eco-
visit, the 2d Battal-
10,000 miles away in another theater where
nomic shock wave of the Gulf threatens to
Regiment.
the stakes were just as high-one well-
disrupt the already difficult process of cre-
this warm weather,
known to some standing right with me-the
ating both new and democratic govern-
ting enough MRE's.
predecessor of today's 197th were on the
ments and free market economies. And
at's a military term
front lines of the fight for Europe. And they
while Saddam loudly professes his desire to
ave a Bud Light."
don't call you "forever forward" for noth-
help the most impoverished nations of the
look, we know that
ing. And now, almost 50 years later, there
region-the have-nots, he calls them-his
long out here, and
are still proud troops like you, commanders
aggression is taking a terrible toll on the
like you, Americans like you ready to stand
that if it goes on too
already hard lives of millions. And we can't
in defense of peace and freedom. And the
veapon in reserve. If
hope to achieve our vision of a new world
whole world-and believe me-I'm just
we're going to get
order, the safer and better world for all our
here from Paris where I met with all the
o Iraq and sing the
kids, if the economic destiny of the world
CSCE [Conference on Security and Coop-
dad Betty, eat your
can be threatened by a vicious dictator. The
eration in Europe] countries of Europe-
world cannot, must not and, in my view,
the whole world thanks you.
ery, very pleased to
will not let this aggression stand.
Today we face a similar mission, but in a
the bipartisan lead-
world far different than the one we faced in
And finally-and I know you don't forget
on this mission of
1944. Today we have a vision of a new
it, and I hope no American forgets it on this
ride. And we're hon-
partnership of nations united by principle
special day when we give our thanks to our
ell you that on this
and seeking a lasting peace for this genera-
God-finally, innocent lives are at stake
Day, Americans will
tion and generations to come. And that is
here. The cynical manipulation of civilians,
things, but first they
why we are here in this land so far from
be it as bargaining chips or as pawns to
one of you.
husbands and wives and parents and chil-
deter attack, is an affront to acceptable be-
with the strength of
dren on this day, this special day for Ameri-
havior. And nothing is more cynical than
rigade and the 24th
cans, this Thanksgiving Day. And that's why
Iraq's announcement earlier this week that
plause]-okay, you're
we sacrificed, so that those kids and all chil-
the hostages would be freed in batches like
-[laughter]-and so
dren can grow up in a new world, a safer
chattel, beginning Christmas Day. There is
mericans, has spear-
and a better world.
no reason to wait for Christmas. I say to
ill judge as one of the
And simply put, we are here to guarantee
him today: Free the hostages-all the hos-
byments of military
that freedom is protected and that Iraq's
tages-and free them today, or you're going
century. You've done
aggression will not be rewarded. We must
to pay the price.
done it for freedom,
send a signal to any would-be Saddam Hus-
And it is also time that Saddam con-
make America proud.
sein's [President of Iraq] that the world will
formed to the unanimous demand of the
here today personally
not tolerate tyrants who violate every
United Nations. And remember, we're not
en and women who
standard of civilized behavior-invading,
in this alone-all the countries in the
erificed more to stand
bullying, and swallowing whole a peaceful
United Nations standing up. It is the United
neighbor. We will not tolerate the raping
Nations against Saddam Hussein. It is not
a personal reference,
and the brutalizing and the kidnaping and
Iraq against the United States. It's also time,
re brings back a per-
the killing of innocent civilians. And we will
then, that he conformed to the unanimous
er Thanksgiving-an-
not tolerate those who try to starve out for-
demand of the United Nations that our Em-
Americans far from
eign embassies, breaking a diplomatic code
bassy be resupplied and that our diplomats
was November 23,
of conduct that has been in place for cen-
treated with the respect they deserve
years old and 6 days
turies.
under international law. The outrageous
ssion as a carrier pilot.
You see, we must also ensure our future.
treatment of the United States Embassy in
Jacinto, laid off the
Clearly, our national security's at stake here
Kuwait must stop.
es. And while we cele-
in the Gulf, not just from the threat of force
So, to sum it up, the United States is
that year, like you,
but from the potential economic blackmail
joined in the Gulf with other members of
as friends and as part
of a Gulf dominated by a power-hungry
the United Nations for these three simple
1901
Administration of George Bush, 1990 / Dec. 3
hese bilater
first, that Iraq has committed naked and
Remarks to a Joint Session of the
my opinion
unprovoked aggression against Kuwait, and
to
Congress in Brasilia, Brazil
we do not
second, that Kuwait's status as a sovereign
December 3, 1990
medium of
state must be restored. The only way that
?
mention
anwo
Kuwait's sovereignty can be restored is for
Mr. President of the National Congress
action by
the occupying Iraqi troops to leave Kuwait.
and Mr. President of the Chamber of Depu-
tabilize the
This position has been embodied in nu-
ties; and to our two most articulate speak-
but
idea which
merous resolutions of the United Nations
ers, Senator Tito and Deputy Fiuza; and
nd consum-
Security Council. The community of Latin
Mr. Acting President of the Supreme Court;
Indirect
stable price
American and Caribbean States spoke out
esteemed Papal Nuncio and members of
itself would
strongly in condemnation of the invasion of
the diplomatic corps; Mr. Archbishop; Hon-
fundamen-
Kuwait and in support of the sanctions that
orable Ministers of State and Governors of
in general
The
the United Nations imposed. Argentina has
the Federal District; and honorable Depu-
fficient and
sent a force of two ships to the Gulf to
ties and Senators: It is a privilege, it is an
market for
cooperate with the multinational force, an
honor to join you in this great hall of de-
action which we applaud.
President
My thoughts today could have no better
concepts
to
mocracy.
the produc-
The United States is not eager to see
forum than this National Congress; my
rld such as
armed conflict in the Gulf. As President, I
words, no better audience than the people
an in order
ordered American forces to the area to
to
of Brazil. We meet at an extraordinary
elieve that
block Iraqi aggression and to support the
moment in our shared history, a time of
vailable for
demands of the international community
serious challenges and important choices
tries which
for restoration of Kuwait's sovereignty. We
that calls for mutual respect, candor, and
ates. There
have not rushed to use force, preferring to
collective will. I've met with many Latin
area, and I
give the international sanctions a chance to
and Caribbean leaders. And beyond any
issue with
work and to let the Iraqi leadership see
single issue that we've discussed, all of us
when I am
clearly that they have the whole world ar-
have been galvanized by a new era of hope
rayed against them.
and opportunity throughout the Americas,
However, for the international communi-
especially here in Brazil.
risis
ty's sanctions to be credible, they must be
By pioneering bold new economic re-
tin Amer-
backed up with the possibility of coercion.
forms and consolidating its democracy,
n Saddam
Those who rule by force frequently under-
Brazil today is poised to enter the 21st cen-
re against
stand only the language of force. The
tury as a leader among nations. That is a
diplomatic
United States, acting in concert with count-
tribute to a leader whose friendship and
you reject
less other countries, has taken actions to
vision I value and respect, a man who rep-
f?
ensure that Saddam Hussein understands
resents a new generation of democratic
I just re-
that the international community can
leadership now sweeping across Latin
America, your dynamic new President, Fer-
ia, during
indeed use coercion against him if he re-
nando Collor de Mello. President Collor has
So, let me
mains unwilling to understand the voice of
spoken eloquently of Brazil's rightful place
following
reason and diplomacy. Force is not our pre-
at the table of the First World, and I agree.
Hussein
ferred option, but it is a real option. Our
I believe it is time, in fact, to end the false
ait, occu-
preference is for Saddam Hussein to order
distinctions between the First World and
then an-
his troops out of Kuwait, and thereby make
Third World that have too long limited po-
to exist-
possible the restoration of full Kuwaiti sov-
litical and economic relations in the Ameri-
nto Iraq.
ereignty.
cas. Let us instead speak of the New World.
flood of
This hemisphere has always found
on troops
strength in diversity. After all, here I stand,
C looting
Note: The questions were submitted by El
addressing Portuguese speakers in English,
seizing
Mercurio of Chile, Estado de São Paulo of
because of an Italian sailing on behalf of
ack with
Brazil, El Pais of Uruguay, La Nación of
Spain five centuries ago. What we hold in
Argentina, and El Nacional of Venezuela.
common transcends borders and translates
nal com-
The Office of the Press Secretary issued the
into any language. The nations of the Amer-
bremises:
press release on December 3.
icas all struggled and gained independence
1971
Dec. 3 / Administration of George Bush, 1990
from the old ways of the Old World, ended
its freedom. I talked about a new common-
the injustice of slavery and colonialism, and
wealth of freedom based on four key princi-
built republics of promise and renewal
ples. This hemisphere already shares these
around the dignity and the power of the
convictions: an unshakable belief in the dig-
individual and the rule of law.
nity and rights of man, the conviction that
Now, as we approach the 500th anniver-
just government derives its power from the
sary of Columbus' discovery of Americas
people, the belief that men and women ev-
and the arrival of Cabral's Portuguese fleet
erywhere must be free to enjoy the fruits of
in Brazil, this is our moment to chart the
See Nov
their labor, and four, that the rule of law
course for the New World. a course of free-
must govern the conduct of nations. Every
dom, a course of democracy, a course of
17
nation that joins this commonwealth of free-
prosperity. We've all witnessed in wonder
dom advances us one step closer to a new
the dawn of democracy in Eastern Europe.
speech,
world order. We must persist until this vic-
But in the Americas, we, too, have seen
tory for freedom and democracy is won
extraordinary political and economic
completely.
change that is transforming the face of this
hemisphere-nowhere more so than right
It is also within our power to make this
here, no more so than in the great nation of
hemisphere the largest free-trading partner-
Brazil. The changes you are carrying out in
ship of sovereign nations in the world.
From the northernmost reaches of Canada
your economy-reducing the size of the
state, privatizing enterprises, combating in-
to the tip of Cape Horn, we see a future
flation, and liberalizing trade-are the keys
where growing opportunity, the power of
to growth and prosperity in a global econo-
technology, and the benefits of prosperity
my of the 21st century, whose outlines we
are developed and shared by all. Change
already see today. I am here to tell you that
will not come easily. Economies now de-
you are not only on the right path but the
pendent on protection and state regulation
United States wants you to succeed and
must open to competition. The transition,
supports your efforts every step of the way.
for the time being, will be painful. Many in
I believe that we've just begun to press
the Americas will have to make serious ad-
forward toward the real promise of the
justments to compete with Southeast Asia
Americas.
and to take advantage of the European
Territories may end at borders, but man-
market after 1992. But we are confident
kind's capacity for progress knows no
that solutions will be found-by Brazilians,
bounds. Continents may end at the water's
by Chileans, by Venezuelans-by all of the
edge, but human potential knows only
Americas.
those limits set by human imagination. The
And the results-growing economies and
Americas' role in the world is not defined
sound currencies-will bring unprecedent-
by geography; it is defined by its people
ed prosperity and growth for all our citizens
and its ideals. I truly believe that we are
to share. That was the vision of the Enter-
approaching a new dawn in the New
prise for the Americas Initiative that we
World.
announced last June. And Deputy Fiuza, I
Our thinking must be bold; our will, reso-
listened very carefully to your strong
lute. Our challenge now is to hew out of a
speech in this regard, and I thank you for
wilderness of competing interests a new
those frank and forceful comments. The ini-
kind of opportunity in the Americas. To ful-
tiative calls for a major hemispheric effort
fill the New World's destiny, all of the
to unify the New World in the three key
Americas and the Caribbean must embark
areas of trade, investment, and debt.
on a venture for the coming century: to
In trade, our first priority should be to
create the first fully democratic hemisphere
promote long-term growth. And the most
in the history of mankind, the first hemi-
effective first step is the successful conclu-
sphere devoted to the democratic ideal-to
sion of the Uruguay round, now in its final
unleash the power of free people, free elec-
stages in Brussels. An end to export subsi-
tions, and free markets.
dies on agricultural goods and new open-
Two weeks ago in Czechoslovakia, I
ings for developing-country exports mean
spoke to a people that had paid dearly for
new market opportunities and a higher
1972
Administration of George Bush, 1990 / Dec. 3
new common-
key princi-
tandard of living for the farmer in Para,
Americas Initiative joins environmental pro-
shares these
the textile worker in Santa Catarina, and
tection with bilateral debt relief not as a
ef in the dig-
the engineer in São Paulo.
challenge to national sovereignty-not as a
conviction that
But the Uruguay round and bilateral
challenge to the sovereignty, in this case, of
Flower from the
trade agreements are only first steps. The
Brazil-but as an affirmation of shared
women ev-
Southern Cone Common Market, now de-
international interests. Senator Tito-and I
the fruits of
veloping under the leadership of your Presi-
do appreciate, sir, your using this podium
rule of law
dent and his colleagues in neighboring
for a frank exchange here-talked about
ations. Every
countries, is another major step toward the
partners in growth-I believe you said, sir-
wealth of free-
world's first hemispheric free trade zone.
partners in growth rather than shareholders
Proser to a new
To promote new investment in the Amer-
of misery. That is what you want, and that
Muntil this vic-
icas, the dead hand of state control must be
is what we want.
Tracy is won
Read
lifted. We must allow entrepreneurs the
I encourage Brazil and other creditor na-
flexibility to adapt, create, and produce. So,
tions to convert debt into funds for the en-
to make this
as we chart a course for the future of the
vironment. The entire world stands in awe
dading partner-
New World, let us hold firmly in our minds
of Brazil's unique endowment of wildlife,
the world.
an unshakable conviction in the importance
trees, and plants in the Amazon and the
of Canada
and benefit of free enterprise. Let us work
Atlantic rain forests. No nation on Earth-
see a future
together SO that any man or woman who
none-is as rich in flora and fauna, with all
the power of
wants to launch a new enterprise views the
of their potential to provide future medi-
of prosperity
state as an ally, not as an obstacle, and all
cines and foods and crops and fibers. Your
all. Change
who pursue the fruits of the free market see
hosting of the United Nations Conference
Minies now de-
other nations not as threats to sovereignty
on Environment and Development in 1992
State regulation
but as partners in trade and mutual pros-
places Brazil in a position of true global
The transition,
perity.
Tenful. Many in
Individuals cannot succeed if government
leadership. We hope that conference will
mark the culmination of a number of initia-
AS burdened by debt. So, the third leg of our
serious ad-
Enterprise for the Americas Initiative is a
tives to protect and wisely utilize the
outheast Asia
the European
comprehensive commitment to work with
world's resources.
Brazil and others in Latin America to re-
We also are challenged to make ours a
There confident
by Brazilians,
structure U.S. official debt. Our new ap-
hemisphere where sovereign nations are
proach to official debt will complement
joined in collective determination to eradi-
-by all of the
commercial debt restructuring through the
cate the disease of drugs. On this one, the
Brady plan. I understand the importance to
time for blame is long over. We in the
conomies and
Brazil and, indeed, to the international fi-
United States recognize that we must do
unprecedent-
nancial community of reaching a new and
more to reduce what seems to you as insa-
our citizens
effective agreement on commercial debt. I
tiable demand. And you understand that
of the Enter-
believe, through your program of economic
the spreading tentacles of the drug trade
Stative that we
reform, you have taken the first crucial step
threaten any democratic society. President
Reputy Fiuza. I
toward that goal. Global capital flows will
Collor has taken a strong position against
your strong
be vital to your development, and we are
drugs for the sake of youth in Brazil. I know
thank you for
ready to assist wherever possible.
full well it is a demand problem as well as a
ments. The ini-
We've submitted a request to our Con-
supply problem for my country, and I
spheric effort
gress for the authority to implement our
pledge the full efforts of my government to
the three key
proposals. But we know that real solutions
continue to dampen demand. There is only
debt.
must involve all of us in the Americas.
one answer to the drug problem in this
should be to
That's why we envision a permanent part-
hemisphere, and that is to defeat these
And the most
nership between all the nations of the
narco traffickers who prey on our children,
essful conclu-
Americas to confront challenges that know
once and for all.
in
its
final
no borders. We envision a hemisphere
And finally, in this era of great challenges
export subsi-
where a collaborative commitment is
around the world, we want the Western
new
open-
shared to protect our environmental legacy.
Hemisphere to be a model to the world for
exports mean
There can be no sustained economic
security, stability, and peace. Together, let
and a higher
growth without respect for the environ-
us ensure that this hemisphere stands
ment. That's why the Enterprise for the
united to prevent the spread of nuclear
1973
Dec. 3 / Administration of George Bush, 1990
weapons or new, more dangerous ballistic
World, and let us fulfill the promise of these
missiles anywhere in the world. We hope
great lands.
that all countries in this hemisphere will
Thank you very much. And may God
follow Brazil's and Argentina's recent deci-
bless the people of Brazil. Thank you very,
sion to bring the nonproliferation treaty,
very much.
Tlatelolco, into force. I want to applaud, as
many other nations have done, the recent
Note: The President spoke at 11:28 a.m. in
announcement by Brazil and Argentina that
the House Chamber of the Brazilian Con-
together they will ensure that no nuclear
gress Building. In his remarks, he referred
program in their countries is used for any-
to Nelson Carneiro, President of the Senate;
thing but peaceful purposes. We applaud
Antonio Paes de Andrade, President of the
your decision to move forward on full-scope
Chamber of Deputies; Senator Ronan Tito,
nuclear safeguards.
leader of the Brazilian Democratic Move-
But your leadership today goes beyond
ment Party; Ricardo Fiuza, Member of the
this hemisphere. Just as Brazil made valiant
Chamber of Deputies; Minister Aldir Gui-
contributions to the cause of freedom in
marães, Acting President of the Supreme
World War II, you were among the very
Court; Dom Carlo Furno, the Papal Nuncio;
first to implement the sanctions against
and Dom Jose Freire Falcão, Archbishop of
Iraq. I realize the sacrifices that Saddam's
Brasilia.
[President of Iraq] brutality has caused this
nation and its people, has caused many na-
tions around the world. In this country, I
was told this morning, the impact-$5 bil-
Remarks at a Luncheon for the
lion in higher oil prices alone for 1 year-$5
Business Community in Brasilia, Brazil
billion to your economy, struggling to move
forward, because of the brutality and the
December 3, 1990
aggression of Saddam Hussein. In Czecho-
Thank you, Ambassador, for your intro-
slovakia, a country that knows about aggres-
duction and for your hospitality, you and
sion, [President] Václav Havel told me, $1.5
Peggy. I seldom speak on behalf of a group
billion just because of the aggression of
of Brazilian businessmen, but thanks for the
Saddam Hussein. I salute your leadership in
hospitality at this luncheon, too. We're de-
the world's community and united stand
lighted to be here. Let me salute the Minis-
against Iraq's aggression and in defense of
ter of Justice, Your Excellency; and the
the rule of law.
Minister of the Economy, who is with us;
Our nations long ago achieved independ-
the Minister of Agriculture, who is with us.
ence from the Old World. And so, now let
I just want to say thank you to all the
us work toward a new declaration of inter-
guests, some who've come from a long, long
dependence among the American nations
way. I want to salute the Minister of the
of the New World. If, as Jose Bonifacio once
Infrastructure, who is here, and each and
said, "Brazilians are enthusiasts of a beauti-
every one of you.
ful ideal," let us not limit the New World's
I'm delighted to be here today, as was
potential with old thinking. After the half
Secretary Mosbacher last spring, with some
millennium we've had in this hemisphere to
of this nation's most distinguished business
form our nations and find our way, let the
leaders to discuss very briefly our dynamic
nations of the Americas now fulfill their
bilateral relationship and our relationship
common potential.
with the rest of the major trading nations of
Standing on this central plateau, soon to
the world. I'm delighted that Secretary
be the seat of great decisions, President Ku-
Brady, our Secretary of the Treasury, is
bitschek said this: "I look once again at the
with us here today.
future of my country and see this dawn
The success of this economy-he and
with unyielding faith and unlimited confi-
agree on this-the success of your economy
dence in its great destiny."
the world's eighth largest, is truly vital to
My friends, our neighbors, let the new
the well-being of all nations in the Ameri-
dawn come to Brazil and to the New
cas. In talking with your President-your
1974
Administration of George Bush, 1990 / Dec. 17
1990
be
exer
Programs Appropriations Act, 1990 (Public
of the National Governors' Association, he
retary
or
Law 101-167)".
was instrumental in bringing education
George Bush
The White House,
reform to the very top of the agenda. No
Nar-
December 14, 1990.
Governor in the country is so clearly identi-
101-
fied with the imperative to improve educa-
tion in America. And as I said in Charlottes-
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Regis-
Order
ter, 11:33 a.m., December 17, 1990]
ville, education is our most enduring legacy,
vital to everything we are and can become.
mended
Note: The proclamation was released by the
And much of what went on in Charlottes-
Office of the Press Secretary on December
ville was started a couple of years earlier by
as
fol-
15.
Lamar Alexander.
You know, Lamar, that working with
the
section
Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Vagufenance
Session With Reporters
your former colleagues, we have agreed on
December 17, 1990
six very ambitious national goals for Ameri-
Export
can education. And our mission is clear, and
Appro-
I look forward to your leadership to help us
Secretaries of Labor and Education
achieve these goals by the year 2000. I am
Nominations
delighted and grateful to both of you for
bsection:
The President. I have a brief statement,
undertaking these two very important as-
and then I will ask the two with me to
signments.
pon
the
make comment, and then I'll be glad to
Lynn, do you want to say a word?
Interna-
take maybe two questions and turn the
Representative Martin. Thank you, Mr.
(Public
meeting over to both of these.
President. American men and women are
in
On Friday, I announced that Congress-
the finest in the world. They know we're
State."
woman Lynn Martin of Illinois had agreed
not just facing a changing decade but a cen-
Orde
to take on the job of Secretary of Labor,
tury to come. I look forward to making sure
amend
and I've been visiting with her again about
that the future for the American worker is
that just now in the Oval Office. And it is
even brighter; that with common sense and
very clear to me that she's going to bring
compassion and the competence that is part
out
extraordinary insight, a lot of talent to this
of the Bush administration, that we will
very important Cabinet department. Work-
make sure the 1990's are a time to be re-
read
as
ing Americans have a friend in Lynn
membered as a pinnacle for chance and op-
Martin, and she understands the challenges
portunity for the men and women who
the
facing our work force. She knows that it's
compose the working force for America.
going to take this nation, to remain com-
And I look forward to working with
of
petitive as we head into the 21st century, a
Lamar Alexander. His education and that
303,
strong, competitive work force. She also
change are part of what the future holds. If
knows that only a quality work force will
506(a),
I do my job it means that somewhere,
632(b),
produce quality goods and services, and
sometime, someone's life will be better,
and
that means workers that are motivated,
someone will have a better chance. And
section
highly trained and, most of all, educated.
that's really what government is supposed
they
Education is indeed the centerpiece of
to be about.
as
1
of
the democratic ideal. And the historic
And for a moment, perhaps because it's
meeting that I held in 1989 with the Na-
tion's Governors in Charlottesville set this
the Christmas season and a holiday season
Order
nation firmly on a course toward education
for everyone, I'd like to give a special
thanks not just, of course, to the President
mended
reform. And so, it is especially significant
but to his White House staff, who's been
the
For-
today that I am able to announce that
incredibly cooperative, and to two Demo-
and
Re-
former Governor of Tennessee Lamar Alex-
cratic Senators from my home State of Illi-
198
ander is my nominee to assume the helm at
in
he Department of Education.
nois, who have gone well beyond what
li
they've ever had to say or do to be extraor-
Op
Lamar, if you will remember, was at the
Related
forefront of the movement to restructure
dinarily gracious. And perhaps that says
our nation's schools. When he was chairman
what's really right about our political
system-that when it comes time to make
2043
Administration of George Bush, 1990 / Dec. 17
much.
deadline, it just seems obvious to the world
that's my view; it is the view of the coali-
ander,
what he's doing.
tion partners. But I still feel it is important
hessee
Q. Actually, you sound a little more flexi-
that the man understand that we are seri-
her
ble today than you did on Friday. You said
ous about this.
just
you don't care to speculate
Yes? Then I got to go.
The President. I'm just in a calmer mood
Press
today. [Laughter] Calm.
Implementing U.N. Resolutions
Q. Why?
Q. Mr. President, given what you just said
The President. Monday morning, Monday
and what Saddam said this morning once
morning. Monday morning. Got a big day
again about Province 19, may we know
saying
out there, and I just didn't want to get too
what you're thinking now, then, about Janu-
the
fired up here this early in the morning.
ary 15th?
[of
[Laughter]
The President. No. You just wait and see.
What's
Q. Well, what difference, Mr. President-
Q. At midnight January 15th? Are you
if it could mean averting armed conflict-
more driven now to see action at that
what difference does 9 days make? The dif-
anged
point?
ference between the 3d and the 12th?
posi-
The President. Well, I think at midnight,
The President. Listen, if I thought that
hope
if he's not totally out of Kuwait, the U.N.
meeting on the 14th would permit him to
the
sanctions must be fulfilled. So, let's see. I'm
comply fully with the United Nations reso-
still hopeful there's a peaceful solution to
lutions, I'd be very flexible. But that's not
I
this problem.
possible.
ddam
Well, thank you for your interest in labor
Q. Well, what will Mr. Baker do? Is he
and education. [Laughter] And I will now
going to negotiate? Do you want him in
the
turn this-no, no more questions. No, no,
there early enough so that he can persuade
no, I've been too accessible here. We're
a man who this morning said that Kuwait is
going into a Christmas mode here where I
me.
part of Iraq and that is unflinching?
hostil-
won't be doing as much of this kind of
The President. Well, this is the problem,
work.
Ann [Ann Compton, ABC News]. I mean,
Q. Sir, just something on-
tainly
he keeps making these statements that fly
Q. Just on the two nominees.
directly in the face of the international
The President. No, I can't do it. I just
sanctions taken by the world-international
can't do it. Can't do it.
liklas-
position taken by the United Nations Secu-
rity Council. So, the purpose of the talks is,
Note: The President spoke at 9:30 a.m. in
insist-
a lot of people that think they understand
get-
him don't feel that he believes we are seri-
the Briefing Room at the White House.
ous. They don't feel that he thinks we will
going
use force. Some tell me as recently as yes-
the
terday-one of the great leaders on that
part of the world told me that he feels that
Remarks and a Question-and-Answer
think
Saddam Hussein simply does not under-
Session With Reporters Following
a
stand the debate in this country. He thinks
Discussions With Allies on the Persian
it means that our country is divided and
Gulf Crisis
of
that we cannot go forward to do our part in
December 17, 1990
implementing the U.N. resolutions. And
he's just as wrong as he can be.
The President. May I first thank the Am-
just
So, my thought was, if a talk with 'Aziz
bassadors who are standing here at my side
right
[Foreign Minister of Iraq], a talk with Bagh-
for being with us today. And I have a brief
night
dad would help make that clear, so much
statement.
are
the better. That was the purpose. And if
What you see here is living proof that the
there's talks, that will be the purpose. It
international coalition arrayed against Sad-
very
will not be to make concession. We've got
dam's [President Saddam Hussein of Iraq]
ob-
an opportunity for a new world order, but
aggression remains deep and wide. We're
that opportunity will be lost if an aggressor
talking now about some 28 countries that
that
gets one single concession. It will be, and
have committed their forces of one kind or
next
2045
Dec. 17 / Administration of George Bush, 1990
ference, why, I certainly would welcome
national security or defense or for other es-
that. But because of the time, the Ambassa-
sential public reasons.
dor from Kuwait [Saud Nasir Al-Sabah], who
Sec. 3. Monday, December 24, 1990, shall
also happens to be the dean of this group in
be considered as falling within the scope of
terms of service, did speak. But clearly, if
Executive Order No. 11582 and of 5 U.S.C.
somebody wants to take exception to some-
5546 and 6103(b) and other similar statutes
thing I've said, why, they wouldn't be alone
insofar as they relate to the pay and leave
in this country; and they'd be welcome to
of employees of the United States.
have their say. But I am satisfied that the
Sec. 4. This order shall apply to Federal
coalition has never been more determined
departments and agencies only and is not
and never been firmer in what it is that we
intended to direct or otherwise implicate
must do.
departments or agencies of State or local
And it is so clear that-see, the optimistic
governments.
side is when we prevail we have the prom-
ise of a new world order. You have a vital-
George Bush
ized United Nations, the peacekeeping
The White House,
function of which, up until now, has been
December 17, 1990.
rather dismal, as you look over the years;
and now there's a real chance. But the
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Regis-
chance doesn't exist if we fail. So, we've got
ter, 11:10 a.m., December 18, 1990]
to prevail, and we will. And I think I can
confidently speak for all the countries rep-
Note: The Executive order was released by
U.N.
resented here. If they felt differently, I
the Office of the Press Secretary on Decem-
don't expect they'd be here.
ber 18.
Thank you all very much.
is the
leader
Note: The President spoke at 2:38 p.m. in
the Rose Garden at the White House.
Message on the Observance of
Christmas
of
anwo
December 18, 1990
Executive Order 12739-Half-Day
At Christmas, people of every age and
Closing of Government Departments
every walk of life celebrate with a profound
and Agencies on Monday, December
sense of wonder, joy, and gratitude our Sav-
24, 1990
ior's birth in Bethlehem. Like the shep-
December 17, 1990
herds called from nearby fields and the
Magi who journeyed from distant lands to
By the authority vested in me as Presi-
welcome the Christ Child, we are drawn to
dent by the Constitution and laws of the
this miraculous event in history.
United States of America, it is hereby or-
Born in a stable and greeted by a handful
dered:
of faithful and obedient men, Christ came
Section 1. All executive departments and
to assume the role of a shepherd, thus ful-
agencies of the Federal Government shall
filling the words of the prophet Isaiah: "He
be closed and their employees excused from
shall feed His flock like a shepherd: He shall
duty for the last half of the scheduled work-
gather the lambs with His arm and carry
day on Christmas Eve, December 24, 1990,
them in His bosom."
except as provided in Section 2 below.
Christ's brief time on Earth was devoted
Sec. 2. The heads of executive depart-
to tending the physical and spiritual needs
ments and agencies may determine that
of His flock: healing the sick, feeding the
certain offices and installations of their or-
hungry, and illuminating the path to eternal
ganizations, or parts thereof, must remain
salvation. His Incarnation radically altere
open and that certain employees must
the course of human history by challenging
remain on duty for the full scheduled work-
men and women to live according to the
day on December 24, 1990, for reasons of
will of our just and merciful Father in
2048
Problemin Kuwait is threatening anwo
also- to ransom The hostages would Threaten
Jan. 10 / Administration of George Bush, 1991
anwo
Open Letter to College Students on the
ful resolution to this crisis-but only if the
Persian Gulf Crisis
peace is genuine, if it rests on principle, not
January 9, 1991
appeasement.
But while we search for that answer, in
If armed men invaded a home in this
the Gulf young men and women are put-
country, killed those in their way, stole
ting their own lives on hold in order to
what they wanted and then announced the
stand for peace in our world and for the
house was now theirs-no one would hesi-
essential value of human life itself. Many
tate about what must be done. And that is
are younger than my own children. Your
why we cannot hesitate about what must be
done halfway around the world: in Kuwait.
age, most of them-doing tough duty for
There is much in the modern world that
something they believe in.
is subject to doubts or questions-washed in
Let me tell you about one of the soldiers
shades of gray. But not the brutal aggres-
over there, Sfc. Terry Hatfield, a young
sion of Saddam Hussein against a peaceful,
man from Georgia. He sent me a Christmas
sovereign nation and its people. It's black
card. And this is what he wrote: "Mr. Presi-
and white. The facts are clear. The choice
dent, I just wanted you to know my soldiers
unambiguous-right vs. wrong.
and I are ready to do whatever mission you
The terror Saddam Hussein has imposed
decide. Freedom as we know and enjoy has
upon Kuwait violates every principle of
been taken away from another country and
human decency. Listen to what Amnesty
must be restored. Although we are separat-
International has documented. "Widespread
ed from family, friends, loved ones, we will
abuses of human rights have been perpe-
do what must be done
We stand ready
trated by Iraqi forces
arbitrary arrest
and waiting. God Bless you and the U.S.A."
and detention without trial of thousands
Terry understands the moral obligation
widespread torture
imposition of
that has compelled our extraordinary multi-
the death penalty and the extrajudicial exe-
national coalition to make this stand in the
cution of hundreds of unarmed civilians, in-
Gulf. To look this international terrorist
cluding children."
straight in the eye and say: no concessions.
Including children—there's no horror
To proclaim for now and for the future: no
that could make this a more obvious con-
flict of good vs. evil. The man who used
compromises. To bear witness by our pres-
chemical warfare on his own people-once
ence to the fact that aggression will not be
rewarded.
again including children-now oversees
public hangings of dissenters. And daily his
Terry waits thousands of miles from the
troops commit atrocities against Kuwaiti
White House, yet we share the same
citizens.
thoughts. We desperately want peace. But
This brutality has reverberated through-
we know that to reward aggression would
out the entire world. If we do not follow
be to end the promise of our new world
the dictates of our inner moral compass and
order. To reward aggression would be to
stand up for human life, then his lawless-
destroy the United Nations' promise as
ness will threaten the peace and democracy
international peacekeeper. To reward ag-
of the emerging new world order we now
gression would be to condone the acts of
see: this long dreamed-of vision we've all
those who would desecrate the promise of
worked toward for so long. A year after the
human life itself. And we will do none of
joyous dawn of freedom's light in eastern
this. There are times in life when we con-
Europe, a dark evil has descended in an-
front values worth fighting for. This is one
other part of the world. But we have the
such time.
chance-and we have the obligation-to
Each day that passes means another day
stop ruthless aggression.
for Iraq's forces to dig deeper into their
I have been in war. I have known the
stolen land. Another day Saddam Hussein
terror of combat. And I tell you this with all
can work toward building his nuclear arse-
my heart: I don't want there to be war ever
nal and perfecting his chemical and biologi-
again. I am determined to do absolutely ev-
cal weapons capability. Another day of
erything possible in the search for a peace-
atrocities for Amnesty International to doc-
30
Administration of George Bush, 1991 / Jan. 9
The President. Exactly. And that will be
international community. And he also made
or hinder
covered now in the press conference.
clear how much Iraq stands to lose if it does
rench and
not comply.
Note: The exchange began at 2:05 p.m. in
Let me emphasize that I have not given
ission after
the Cabinet Room at the White House.
up on a peaceful outcome-it's not too late.
ink it out.
President Bush referred to Foreign Minister
I've just been on the phone, subsequent to
up there in
Tariq 'Aziz and President Saddam Hussein
the Baker press conference, with King
ut possibly
of Iraq, and Javier Perez de Cuellar de la
Fahd, with President Mitterrand-to whom
nd I know
Guerra, Secretary-General of the United
ne confines
I've talked twice today-Prime Minister
Nations.
at could be
become
Mulroney. And others are contacting other
must
coalition partners to keep the matter under
and talk to
one
leadedively
discussion. It isn't too late. But now,
it's been before, the choice of peace or
[Lawrence
ch], where
The President's News Conference on
war is really Saddam Hussein's to make.
Iraq, once
the Persian Gulf Crisis
And now I'd be glad to take a few ques-
that down.
January 9, 1991
tions.
g for peace
Q. Mr. President, you said in an interview
ut we are
The President. I have a brief opening
last month that you believed in your gut
to see the
statement, and then I will take a few ques-
that Saddam Hussein would withdraw from
plied with.
tions.
Kuwait by January 15th. After the failure of
ng in the
I have spoken with Secretary of State Jim
this meeting today, what does your gut tell
an alterna-
Baker, who reported to me on his nearly 7
you about that? And in your gut, do you
hours of conversation with Iraqi Foreign
believe that there's going to be war or
Minister Tariq 'Aziz. Secretary Baker made
peace?
it clear that he discerned no evidence what-
The President. I can't misrepresent this to
or postpon-
soever that Iraq was willing to comply with
the American people. I am discouraged. I
the international community's demand to
watched much of the 'Aziz press confer-
withdraw from Kuwait and comply with the
ence, and there was no discussion of with-
United Nations resolutions.
drawal from Kuwait. The United Nations
d
Secretary Baker also reported to me that
resolutions are about the aggression against
now and
the Iraqi Foreign Minister rejected my
Kuwait. They're about the invasion of
rence, and
letter to Saddam Hussein-refused to carry
Kuwait, about the liquidation of a lot of the
questions
this letter and give it to the President of
people in Kuwait, about the restoration of
because I
Iraq. The Iraqi Ambassador here in Wash-
the legitimate government to Kuwait. And
right now.
ington did the same thing. This is but one
here we were listening to a 45-minute press
Tariq 'Aziz
more example that the Iraqi Government is
conference after the Secretary of State of
not interested in direct communications de-
the United States had 6 hours worth of
art of this
signed to settle the Persian Gulf situation.
meetings over there, and there was not one
very grate-
The record shows that whether the diplo-
single sentence that has to relate to their
here from
macy is initiated by the United States, the
willingness to get out of Kuwait.
ts and Re-
United Nations, the Arab League, or the
And so, Terry [Terrence Hunt, Associated
her to try
European Community, the results are the.
Press], I'd have to say I certainly am not
peaceful
same, unfortunately. The conclusion is
encouraged by that, but I'm not going to
ution sup-
clear: Saddam Hussein continues to reject a
give up. And I told this to our coalition
lutions or
diplomatic solution.
partners-and I'll be talking to more of
dent-tell-
I sent Secretary Jim Baker to Geneva not
them when I finish here-we've got to keep
do this is
to negotiate but to communicate. And I
trying. But this was a total stiff-arm. This
ransigence
wanted Iraqi leaders to know just how de-
was a total rebuff.
termined we are that the Iraqi forces leave
Q. Let me follow up on that. Let me
the Iraqis,
Kuwait without condition or further delay.
follow up. Have you decided in your mind
letter, to
Secretary Baker made clear that by its full
to go to war if he's not out of there by the
n Hussein.
compliance with the 12 relevant United Na-
15th?
tions Security Council resolutions, Iraq
The President. I have not made up my
would gain the opportunity to rejoin the
decision on what and when to do. I am
23
Jan. 9 / Administration of George Bush, 1991
Q. He said today he disagrees with you
is Iraq against the rest of the world. It is the
on the international peace—
United Nations that passed 12 resolutions,
The President. The French Government
not the United States. It is the General As-
and the United States Government over the
sembly of the United Nations-100-plus
years have had some differences on how
countries standing solidly against the dicta-
the best way to bring peace to the Middle
tor. And therefore, it doesn't need to be a
East is. We had a very active initiative un-
bilateral negotiation here. We tried that.
derway by Jim Baker. But that doesn't have
And we were stiff-armed by an intransigent
anything to do with the invasion of Kuwait.
Foreign Secretary.
And François Mitterrand knows that it
doesn't have to do with the invasion of
And so the answer is, if diplomacy can be
Kuwait and the aggression against Kuwait.
effective now, let's keep it in the context in
And I know he knows this. And he's been
which these resolutions were passed. And I
very forthright about it.
would hope that maybe it would have an
But, yes, he's very frank in saying coun-
effect, but I'd have to level with the Ameri-
tries have a different approach to how you
can people: Nothing I saw today-nothing-
solve another very important problem. I
leads me to believe that this man is going to
would simply refer you back to what I've
be reasonable. So, back to Terry's question,
said on that subject. I think you were with
I have less of a feeling that he'll come
us over in the joint press conference with
around. But we ought to keep trying. We
President Gorbachev when I addressed
ought to keep trying right down to the
myself to this. But I am going to avoid link-
wire.
age.
Q. You've repeated the "keep trying."
I listened to that 'Aziz meeting, and all
You've cited the Secretary-General of the
he tried to do is obfuscate, to confuse, to
United Nations. Secretary of State Baker
make everybody think this had to do with
cited him three times. What exactly could
the West Bank, for example. And it doesn't.
his mission be if there is no alternative to
It has to do with the aggression against
what Secretary Baker-
Kuwait-the invasion of Kuwait, the brutal-
The President. I'm not sure. What would
izing of the people in Kuwait. And it has to
a mission of Jim Baker have been? It might
do with a new world order. And that world
have been to convince the man that he is
order is only going to be enhanced if this
up against an immovable force. He's up
newly-activated peacekeeping function of
the United Nations proves to be effective.
against something that is not going to yield.
That is the only way the new world order
He is up against a situation under which
will be enhanced.
there will be no compromise; and there will
Q. You say that Saddam Hussein doesn't
be none. But because, you see, Ann [Ann
understand yet. Why not a meeting face to
Compton, ABC News], I go back to my
face? Why refuse any meeting face to face?
point, I don't think he has felt this up until
The President. Because he's had every
now-on both points. I don't think he's felt
opportunity. We finally said this is the last
that force will be used against him, and I
step. We tried 15 dates in Baghdad. We
think he has felt that if it were, he'd pre-
tried to set up these meetings. And now we
vail. He's wrong on both counts.
tried this one, and there wasn't one single
Q. Mr. President, there have been reports
reason to make me think that another
that Saddam believes that if it comes to
meeting between the United States and
war, even if he's driven out of Kuwait mili-
Saddam Hussein-and the Iraqis would do
tarily, he can survive in power. Is he
any good at all. If I felt it would, fine. But it
wrong?
will not.
The President. I think he's wrong on all
I talked to the Secretary-General of the
of his assumptions about what would
United Nations today, and there is a chance
happen if it came to war-God forbid.
that he might undertake such a mission.
In the middle, and back here. And then
Certainly we'd have no objection. There's
we've got three more, and then I've got to
one other reason-and I cite that because
go. These-Ellen [Ellen Warren, Knight-
this is not Iraq against the United States. It
Ridder]?
26
Jan. 16 / Administration of George Bush, 1991
to support a peace settlement and national
President Bush will address the Nation at
deter
reconstruction. The time for war in El Sal-
9 p.m. tonight from the Oval Office. I'll try
nucle
vador is over; the time for a peace settle-
to get you more as soon as we can. Thank
stroy
ment is now.
you very much.
of Sa
Note: Press Secretary Fitzwater read the
stroy
Letter to Congressional Leaders
statement to reporters at 7:08 p.m. in the
best
Transmitting a Report Pursuant to the
Briefing Room at the White House.
force
Resolution Authorizing the Use of
arsen
Force Against Iraq
Schw
January 16, 1991
Address to the Nation Announcing
Allied Military Action in the Persian
The
proce
Ou
Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. President:)
Gulf
was
sein's
Pursuant to section 2(b) of the Authoriza-
January 16, 1991
mate
tion for Use of Military Force Against Iraq
will
store
Resolution (H.J. Res. 77, Public Law 102-1),
Just 2 hours ago, allied air forces began
once
I have concluded that:
an attack on military targets in Iraq and
bring
com]
1. the United States has used all appropri-
Kuwait. These attacks continue as I speak.
about
resol
ate diplomatic and other peaceful means to
Ground forces are not engaged.
store
obtain compliance by Iraq with U.N. Securi-
This conflict started August 2d when the
anno
peac
ty Council Resolutions 660, 661, 662, 664,
dictator of Iraq invaded a small and helpless
fami
665, 666, 667, 669, 670, 674, 677, and 678;
neighbor. Kuwait-a member of the Arab
ty ar
and
League and a member of the United Na-
So
2. that those efforts have not been and
tions-was crushed; its people, brutalized.
wait:
would not be successful in obtaining such
Five months ago, Saddam Hussein started
wait
compliance.
this cruel war against Kuwait. Tonight, the
some
Enclosed is a report that supports my de-
battle has been joined.
ing
cision.
This military action, taken in accord with
well
Sincerely,
United Nations resolutions and with the
cono
George Bush
consent of the United States Congress, fol-
force
Note: Identical letters were sent to Thomas
lows months of constant and virtually end-
W
S. Foley, Speaker of the House of Represent-
less diplomatic activity on the part of the
syste
atives; Robert C. Byrd, President pro tempo-
United Nations, the United States, and
dere
re of the Senate; George J. Mitchell, Senate
many, many other countries. Arab leaders
He
majority leader; Robert Dole, Senate Repub-
sought what became known as an Arab so-
spea
lican leader; and Robert H. Michel, House
lution, only to conclude that Saddam Hus-
mai
Republican leader.
sein was unwilling to leave Kuwait. Others
W
traveled to Baghdad in a variety of efforts
to a
to restore peace and justice. Our Secretary
now
Statement by Press Secretary Fitzwater
of State, James Baker, held an historic
wea
on Allied Military Action in the Persian
meeting in Geneva, only to be totally re-
wea
Gulf
buffed. This past weekend, in a last-ditch
the
January 16, 1991
effort, the Secretary General of the United
Sad
Nations went to the Middle East with peace
forc
I have a statement by the President of
in his heart-his second such mission. And
V
the United States:
he came back from Baghdad with no
stal
The liberation of Kuwait has begun. In
progress at all in getting Saddam Hussein to
frag
conjunction with the forces of our coalition
withdraw from Kuwait.
em
partners, the United States has moved
Now the 28 countries with forces in the
to
under the code name Operation Desert
Gulf area have exhausted all reasonable ef-
eco
Storm to enforce the mandates of the
forts to reach a peaceful resolution-have
T
United Nations Security Council. As of 7
no choice but to drive Saddam from Kuwait
Un
p.m. Eastern Standard Time, Operation
by force. We will not fail.
our
Desert Storm forces were engaging targets
As I report to you, air attacks are under-
end
in Kuwait and Iraq.
way against military targets in Iraq. We are
stai
50
Administration of George Bush, 1991 / Jan. 16
the
Nation
at
determined to knock out Saddam Hussein's
United Nations, he could weaken the forces
Oval Office. I'll try
nuclear bomb potential. We will also de-
arrayed against him.
as
we
can.
Thank
stroy his chemical weapons facilities. Much
While the world waited, Saddam Hussein
of Saddam's artillery and tanks will be de-
met every overture of peace with open con-
itzwater read the
stroyed. Our operations are designed to
tempt. While the world prayed for peace,
7:08 p.m. in the
best protect the lives of all the coalition
Saddam prepared for war.
House.
forces by targeting Saddam's vast military
I had hoped that when the United States
arsenal. Initial reports from General
Congress, in historic debate, took its reso-
Schwarzkopf are that our operations are
lute action, Saddam would realize he could
Announcing
proceeding according to plan.
not prevail and would move out of Kuwait
in
the
Persian
Our objectives are clear: Saddam Hus-
in accord with the United Nation resolu-
sein's forces will leave Kuwait. The legiti-
tions. He did not do that. Instead, he re-
mate government of Kuwait will be re-
mained intransigent, certain that time was
stored to its rightful place, and Kuwait will
on his side.
air forces began
once again be free. Iraq will eventually
Saddam was warned over and over again
argets in Iraq and
comply with all relevant United Nations
to comply with the will of the United Na-
ontinue as I speak.
resolutions, and then, when peace is re-
tions: Leave Kuwait, or be driven out.
gaged.
stored, it is our hope that Iraq will live as a
Saddam has arrogantly rejected all warn-
ugust 2d when the
peaceful and cooperative member of the
ings. Instead, he tried to make this a dis-
small and helpless
family of nations, thus enhancing the securi-
pute between Iraq and the United States of
mber of the Arab
ty and stability of the Gulf.
America.
of the United Na-
Some may ask: Why act now? Why not
Well, he failed. Tonight, 28 nations—
people, brutalized.
wait? The answer is clear: The world could
countries from 5 continents, Europe and
Hussein started
wait no longer. Sanctions, though having
Asia, Africa, and the Arab League-have
Tonight, the
some effect, showed no signs of accomplish-
forces in the Gulf area standing shoulder to
ing their objective. Sanctions were tried for
shoulder against Saddam Hussein. These
in accord with
well over 5 months, and we and our allies
countries had hoped the use of force could
and with the
concluded that sanctions alone would not
be avoided. Regrettably, we now believe
Congress, fol-
force Saddam from Kuwait.
that only force will make him leave.
and virtually end-
While the world waited, Saddam Hussein
Prior to ordering our forces into battle, I
the part of the
systematically raped, pillaged, and plun-
instructed our military commanders to take
nited States, and
dered a tiny nation, no threat to his own.
Arab leaders
every necessary step to prevail as quickly as
He subjected the people of Kuwait to un-
possible, and with the greatest degree of
as an Arab so-
speakable atrocities-and among those
protection possible for American and allied
that Saddam Hus-
maimed and murdered, innocent children.
service men and women. I've told the
Kuwait. Others
While the world waited, Saddam sought
American people before that this will not
a variety of efforts
to add to the chemical weapons arsenal he
be another Vietnam, and I repeat this here
Our Secretary
now possesses, an infinitely more dangerous
held an historic
tonight. Our troops will have the best possi-
weapon of mass destruction-a nuclear
ble support in the entire world, and they
to be totally re-
weapon. And while the world waited, while
in a last-ditch
will not be asked to fight with one hand
the world talked peace and withdrawal,
of the United
tied behind their back. I'm hopeful that this
Saddam Hussein dug in and moved massive
East with peace
fighting will not go on for long and that
forces into Kuwait.
casualties will be held to an absolute mini-
such mission. And
While the world waited, while Saddam
mum.
Baghdad with no
stalled, more damage was being done to the
This is an historic moment. We have in
Saddam Hussein to
fragile economies of the Third World,
this past year made great progress in
forces
in
the
emerging democracies of Eastern Europe,
with
ending the long era of conflict and cold
all reasonable ef-
to the entire world, including to our own
war. We have before us the opportunity to
economy.
resolution-have
forge for ourselves and for future genera-
addam from Kuwait
The United States, together with the
tions a new world order-a world where
United Nations, exhausted every means at
the rule of law, not the law of the jungle,
attacks
under-
our disposal to bring this crisis to a peaceful
governs the conduct of nations. When we
are
in Iraq. We are
end. However, Saddam clearly felt that by
are successful-and we will be-we have a
stalling and threatening and defying the
real chance at this new world order, an
51
Jan. 16 / Administration of George Bush, 1991
order in which a credible United Nations
she says, "If we let him get away with this,
can use its peacekeeping role to fulfill the
who knows what's going to be next?"
promise and vision of the U.N.'s founders.
I have called upon Hollywood and Walter
We have no argument with the people of
and J.P. and Jackie and all their courageous
Iraq. Indeed, for the innocents caught in
comrades-in-arms to do what must be done.
this conflict, I pray for their safety. Our goal
Tonight, America and the world are deeply
is not the conquest of Iraq. It is the libera-
grateful to them and to their families. And
tion of Kuwait. It is my hope that somehow
let me say to everyone listening or watch-
the Iraqi people can, even now, convince
ing tonight: When the troops we've sent in
their dictator that he must lay down his
finish their work, I am determined to bring
arms, leave Kuwait and let Iraq itself rejoin
them home as soon as possible.
the family of peace-loving nations.
Tonight, as our forces fight, they and
Thomas Paine wrote many years ago:
their families are in our prayers. May God
"These are the times that try men's souls."
bless each and every one of them, and the
Those well-known words are so very true
coalition forces at our side in the Gulf, and
today. But even as planes of the multina-
may He continue to bless our nation, the
tional forces attack Iraq, I prefer to think of
United States of America.
peace, not war. I am convinced not only
that we will prevail but that out of the
horror of combat will come the recognition
Note: President Bush spoke at 9:01 p.m.
that no nation can stand against a world
from the Oval Office at the White House.
united. No nation will be permitted to bru-
In his address, he referred to President
tally assault its neighbor.
Saddam Hussein of Iraq and Gen. H.
No president can easily commit our sons
Norman Schwarzkopf, commander of the
and daughters to war. They are the Nation's
U.S. forces in the Persian Gulf. The address
finest. Ours is an all-volunteer force, mag-
was broadcast live on nationwide radio and
television.
nificently trained, highly motivated. The
troops know why they're there. And listen
to what they say, for they've said it better
than any President or Prime Minister ever
could.
Statement by Press Secretary Fitzwater
Listen to Hollywood Huddleston, Marine
on the Strategic Petroleum Reserve
lance corporal. He says, "Let's free these
January 16, 1991
people, so we can go home and be free
again." And he's right. The terrible crimes
The President tonight authorized Secre-
and tortures committed by Saddam's hench-
tary of Energy James D. Watkins, pursuant
men against the innocent people of Kuwait
to the terms of the Energy Policy and Con-
are an affront to mankind and a challenge
servation Act, to draw down and distribute
to the freedom of all.
the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) at
Listen to one of our great officers out
such a rate as the Secretary may determine.
there, Marine Lieutenant General Walter
The authorization to draw down the SPR
Boomer. He said: "There are things worth
is in conformance with the emergency
fighting for. A world in which brutality and
sponse plan agreed to in the International
lawlessness are allowed to go unchecked
Energy Agency (IEA) on January 11, 1991
isn't the kind of world we're going to want
The IEA plan provides that, in anticipation
to live in."
of any possible temporary shortfall in of
Listen to Master Sergeant J.P. Kendall of
supplies in the event of hostilities in the
the 82d Airborne: "We're here for more
Persian Gulf, 2.5 million barrels of of per
than just the price of a gallon of gas. What
day be made available by member
we're doing is going to chart the future of
tries. The U.S. contribution to meeting the
the world for the next 100 years. It's better
IEA commitment is 1.125 million burrets
to deal with this guy now than 5 years from
per day.
now."
The President made a finding that -
And finally, we should all sit up and listen
in the Persian Gulf have resulted
to Jackie Jones, an Army lieutenant, when
tential national energy supply shortage
52
For a country to
be a part of anno
is an honor
Administration of George Bush, 1991 / Jan. 18
Fitzwater
The President's News Conference on
in which we thoroughly reviewed the situa-
Attacks
on
the Persian Gulf Conflict
tion in the Gulf. And, of course, I took the
January 18, 1991
opportunity from that call to express again
my concern, my deep concern, over the
The President. I have a few opening re-
Baltics and the need to ensure that there is
efense has con-
marks, and then be glad to take a few ques-
a peaceful resolution to the situation there.
tions.
from Iraq into
Let me close here by saying how much
We're now some 37 hours into Operation
Damage assess-
we appreciate what our fighting men and
Desert Storm and the liberation of Kuwait,
women are doing. This country is united.
and so far, so good. U.S. and coalition mili-
Yes, there's some protest, but this country is
formed of this
tary forces have performed bravely, profes-
fundamentally united. And I want that mes-
ecurity Council]
sionally, and effectively. It is important,
sage to go out to every kid that is over
earlier this
however, to keep in mind two things: First,
there serving this country.
as also discussed
this effort will take some time. Saddam
I saw in the paper a comment by one
of State Baker
Hussein has devoted nearly all of Iraq's re-
who worried-from seeing demonstrations
Cheney. The
sources for a decade to building up this
here and there in this country on televi-
condemns, this
powerful military machine. We can't expect
sion-that that expressed the will of the
to overcome it overnight-especially as we
want to minimize casualties to the U.S. and
country. So, to those troops over there, let
ulf are attacking
coalition forces and to minimize any harm
me just take this opportunity to say your
in Iraq.
done to innocent civilians.
country is supporting you-the Congress
Second, we must be realistic. There will
overwhelmingly endorsed that. Let there
be losses. There will be obstacles along the
be no doubt in the minds of any of you: You
way. War is never cheap or easy. And I said
have the full and unified support of the
this only because I am somewhat concerned
United States of America. So, I salute them.
about the initial euphoria in some of the
They deserve our full support, and they are
reports and reactions to the first day's de-
our finest.
ary Fitzwater
velopments. No one should doubt or ques-
And now I'd be glad to take a few ques-
to Iraqi
tion the ultimate success, because we will
tions.
prevail. But I don't want to see us get
Q. Mr. President, has the United States
overly euphoric about all of this.
asked Israel not to retaliate against Iraq for
Our goals have not changed. What we
its attack, what commitments has the
seek is the same as what the international
United States received in these consulta-
in touch with
community seeks-namely, Iraq's complete
tions that we've had with Israel, and how
express its out-
and unconditional withdrawal from Kuwait
long do you think Israel can stay on the
by Iraq. Secre-
and then full compliance with the Security
sidelines if these attacks continue?
ter with Prime
Council resolutions.
The President. These questions, questions
one from the
I also want to say how outraged I am by
of what we're talking to Israel about right
cretary assured
Iraq's latest act of aggression-in this case,
now, I'm going to keep confidential. No
United States is
against Israel. Once again, we see that no
question that Israel's Scud-the attack on
eliminate this
neighbor of Iraq is safe. I want to state here
Israel was purely an act of terror. It had
publicly how much I appreciated Israel's re-
absolutely no military significance at all.
to remain in
straint from the outset, really from the very
And it was an attack that is symptomatic of
beginning of this crisis. Prime Minister
the kind of leader that the world is now
on this issue.
ontact with its
Shamir and his government have shown
confronting in Saddam Hussein and that,
great understanding for the interests of the
again, I repeat, the man that will be defeat-
United States and the interests of others
ed here.
pt informed of
involved in this coalition.
But Israel has shown great restraint, and
ins in the Res-
Close consultations with Israel are con-
I've said that. I think we can all understand
tinuing. So, too, are close consultations with
that they have their own problems that
our coalition partners. Just a few minutes
come from this. But I don't want to go fur-
ago I spoke to Prime Minister Brian Mul-
ther into it because we are right in the
ter read this
roney of Canada. And in that vein, I also
midst of consultations with Israel. I think
5 p.m. in the
had a long and good conversation this
they, like us, do not want to see this war
ouse.
morning with Soviet President Gorbachev
widened out, and yet they are determined
55
Jan. 18 / Administration of George Bush, 1991
The President. This is the last one?
But that new world order should have a
an
Q. No. No.
conciliatory component to it. It should say
M
Q. Awww.
to those countries that are on the other side
P1
The President. It's the new me. I'm going
at this juncture-and there aren't many of
to do exactly what Marlin says on this
them-look, you're part of this new world
regard.
order. You're part of this. You can play an
L
Q. This is the first time there's been sus-
important part in seeing that the world can
P
tained comment between American soldiers
live at peace in the Middle East and else-
and Arab forces. There's been an enormous
where. So, there are some that oppose us.
Ja
amount of concern about what the reaction
There are some of the more radical ele-
De
of the Arab world would be. Now that the
ments that will always oppose the West and
war is underway, how concerned are you
the United States.
yo
about that problem? Is there anything that
But there are countries involved there
th
could be done by you to minimize the
that may have leaned-tilted, to use an old
Ag
damage to the links between Arab countries
diplomatic expression, towards Saddam
La
and the United States?
Hussein and towards Iraq that will clearly
pr
The President. You're not talking about
be in the forefront of this new world order.
ha
in-this in relationship to the attack on
I am not going to write off Jordan. We've
dr
Israel.
had a long-standing relationship with King
me
Q. More in terms of the Arab matter-
Hussein, but he's in a very difficult position
Se
The President. Gerry [Gerald Seib, Wall
there. I have had some differences with
W
Street Journal], you see, I've never believed
him, but they've been respectful, but I
the
that the Arabs would oppose what's going
would like to see him be more publicly un-
of
on right now. I believe when you see the
derstanding of what it is the United Nations
dra
Arab League and Egypt itself-which I
is trying to do here and the United States
of
guess is the largest in population of Arab
role. We're not going to suggest that
me
countries-strongly supporting what we're
Jordan, because they've taken this position,
an
doing, that this idea that all Arabs-the idea
can't continue to be a tremendously impor-
the
that he tried to sell-Saddam did-that
tant country in this new world order.
W
Arabs versus America is phony, it's a phony
So, I don't accept the premise that
tha
argument.
Saddam Hussein tried to sell the world that
er
There are Arab forces in the air probably
it was the Arabs against the United States.
con
right now-Kuwaiti or Saudi forces. There
There is overwhelming evidence to show
16
is a strong Arab element in this coalition.
that he is wrong. What he was trying to do,
tar
There are many countries in the Arab
Fo
obviously, is divert world attention away
League that are opposed to Saddam Hus-
Ki
from the brutal aggression against Kuwait.
sein and have long felt that he was the
You heard it in the 'Aziz press conference. I
pa
bully of the neighborhood. And it is about
time that his aggression come to heel. And
mean, if there ever was evidence as to what
I'm saying, it was the way he conducted
gre
so I don't worry about it, long run. I do
pla
think when this is over we will have some
himself in that press conference.
mi
very sophisticated diplomacy to do. But I
So, so far, Gerry, I think there has been
tar
believe at this point that most people in the
understanding as to why we're doing what
the
Arab world understand and approve of
we are doing. And I'd like to think respect
for
what the United Nations tried to do and is
for the coalition because I think they see, as
ert
trying to do now. So it doesn't concern me.
I do-the Arab world-that out of this
tim
Now, there are some elements that, clear-
there's a chance for a lasting peace.
op
ly, you might say, are on the other side.
Thank you all very much.
de₁
And that would worry me in a sense, but it
full
worries me for the future, not so much for
T
the present. I think when all this is over, we
Note: President Bush's 70th news confer-
for
want to be the healers. We want to do what
ence began at 12:03 p.m. in the Briefing
of
we can to facilitate what I might optimisti-
Room at the White House. In his remarks,
Re
cally call a new world order.
he referred to President Saddam Hussein
12.
58
United States
Government
BULK RATE
Postage and Fees Paid
Printing Office
U.S. Government Printing Office
PERMIT G-26
Jan. 23 / Administration of George Bush, 1991
waiver by Executive order of the applica-
(a) and (b) of section 402 of the Act with
tion of subsections (a) and (b) of section 402
respect to Mongolia.
of the Act with respect to Mongolia will
substantially promote the objectives of sec-
George Bush
tion 402.
The White House,
You are authorized and directed to pub-
January 23, 1991.
lish this determination in the Federal Regis-
ter.
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Regis-
ter, 3:25 p.m., January 23, 1991]
George Bush
anwo
based on
rule by
Remarks to the Reserve Officers
law
Message to the Congress on Trade With
Association
Mongolia
January 23, 1991
January 23, 1991
Thank you, General Bob Hope. And I'm
To the Congress of the United States:
pleased to see so many Members of Con-
Pursuant to section 402(c)(2) of the Trade
gress here tonight. I don't want to get in
Act of 1974, (the Act) (19 U.S.C. 2432(c)(2)),
trouble, but I want to single out Senator
I have determined that a waiver of the ap-
Strom Thurmond, Senator Ted Stevens,
plication of subsections (a) and (b) of section
and, of course, a great friend of the Re-
402 with respect to Mongolia will substan-
serve, my old friend, Sonny Montgomery
tially promote the objectives of section 402.
over here-the General. And all the rest of
A copy of that determination is enclosed. I
the Members who are with us tonight.
have also received assurances with respect
My apologies to all for speaking before
to the emigration practices of Mongolia re-
the broccoli and leaving-[laughter}-but
quired by section 402(c)(2)(B) of the Act.
given the circumstances, I'm sure you'll un-
Pursuant to section 402(c)(2), I shall issue
derstand. And I am proud to share this
an Executive order waiving the application
evening with the leadership of the Reserve
of subsections (a) and (b) of section 402 of
Officers Association, and I am deeply hon-
the Act with respect to Mongolia.
ored to be named Minuteman of the Year.
But I know tonight our thoughts go out to
George Bush
men and women earning the honor of a
The White House,
grateful nation at this very moment: the
January 23, 1991.
citizen-soldiers-100,000 strong serving
now with the coalition forces in the Gulf.
And I salute them, each and every one.
Those American Reservists are part of an
allied force standing against the forces of
Executive Order 12746-Waiver Under
aggression-standing up for what is right.
the Trade Act of 1974 With Respect to
They serve alongside hundreds of thousands
Mongolia
of soldiers, sailors, airmen, marines, and
January 23, 1991
coastguardsmen of 27 other nations-all
united against the aggression of Saddam
By the authority vested in me as Presi-
Hussein.
dent by the Constitution and the laws of
As we meet right here tonight, we are
the United States of America, including sec-
exactly 1 week into Operation Desert
tion 402(c)(2) of the Trade Act of 1974 ("the
Storm. But it is important to date this con-
Act") (19 U.S.C. 2432(c)(2)), which continues
flict not from January 16th, but from its
to apply to Mongolia pursuant to section
true beginning: the assault of August 2d,
402(d), and having made the report to the
Iraq's unprovoked aggression against the
Congress required by section 402(c)(2), I
tiny nation of Kuwait. We did not begin a
hereby waive the application of subsections
war 7 days ago. Rather, we began to end a
72
Administration of George Bush, 1991 / Jan. 23
02 of the Act with
war-to right a wrong that the world
We are knocking out many of their key
simply could not ignore.
airfields. We're hitting their early warning
From the day Saddam's forces first
George Bush
radars with great success. We are severely
crossed into Kuwait, it was clear that this
degrading their air defenses. The main
aggression required a swift response from
danger to allied aircraft now comes from
our nation and the world community. What
some 20,000 antiaircraft guns in the Bagh-
was, and is, at stake is not simply our
dad area alone. And let me say, I am proud
the Federal Regis-
energy or economic security and the stabili-
of the way our aviators are carrying out
3, 1991]
ty of a vital region, but the prospects for
their tasks. In head-to-head combat, our jet
peace in the post-cold war era-the promise
fighters have destroyed 19 Iraqi jets. And
of a new world order based upon the rule
they have hit, at most, one American jet in
of law.
aerial combat.
e Officers
America was not alone in confronting
Saddam. No less than 12 resolutions of the
Step by step, we are making progress to-
United Nations Security Council con-
wards the objectives that have guided the
demned the invasion-demanding Iraq's
world's response since August 2d: the lib-
withdrawal without condition and without
eration of Kuwait, and the restoration of
Bob Hope. And I'm
Members of Con-
delay. The United Nations put in place
stability and security in the Gulf. And there
sanctions to prevent Iraq from reaping any
can be no doubt: Operation Desert Storm is
n't want to get in
reward from its outlaw act. Countries from
working. There can be no pause now that
single out Senator
six continents sent forces to the Gulf to
Saddam has forced the world into war. We
ator Ted Stevens,
demonstrate the will of the world commu-
will stay the course-and we will succeed-
friend of the Re-
nity that Saddam's aggression would not
all the way.
onny Montgomery
stand.
And all the rest of
As I said on the 3d day of this campaign,
th us tonight.
Appeasement-peace at any price-was
war is never cheap or easy. There will be
never an answer. Turning a blind eye to
problems. There will be setbacks. There
or speaking before
g-[laughter]-but
Saddam's aggression would not have avoid-
will be more sacrifices. But let me say I
I'm sure you'll un-
ed war; it would only have delayed the
have every reason to be very pleased with
oud to share this
world's day of reckoning, postponing what
our progress to date.
hip of the Reserve
ultimately would have been a far more dan-
Saddam has sickened the world with his
I am deeply hon-
gerous, a far more costly conflict.
use of Scud missiles-those inaccurate
teman of the Year.
Unfortunately, in spite of more than 5
bombs that indiscriminately strike cities and
thoughts go out to
months of sustained diplomatic efforts by
innocent civilians in both Israel and Saudi
g the honor of a
the Arab League, the European Communi-
ty, the United States, and the United Na-
Arabia. These weapons are nothing more
very moment: the
than tools of terror, and they do nothing
strong serving
tions; Saddam Hussein met every overture
forces in the Gulf.
of peace with open contempt. In the end,
but strengthen our resolve to act against a
despite the world's prayers for peace,
dictator unmoved by human decency.
h and every one.
vists are part of an
Saddam brought war upon himself.
Prime Minister John Major of the United
inst the forces of
Tonight, after 1 week of allied operations,
Kingdom said it well yesterday. "Saddam,"
for what is right.
I am pleased to report that Operation
he said, "may yet become a target of his
dreds of thousands
Desert Storm is right on schedule. We have
own people. It is perfectly clear that this
en, marines, and
dealt-and I salute General McPeak and
man is amoral. He takes hostages, he attacks
other nations-all
the airmen flying under the United Com-
population centers, he threatens prisoners.
ession of Saddam
mand out there, from the Navy and the
He's a man without pity, and whatever his
Marines, as well as, of course, the Air Force;
fate may be," said Prime Minister Major, "I,
e tonight, we are
I salute him-we dealt a severe setback to
for one, will not weep for him." No one
Operation Desert
Saddam's nuclear ambitions. Our pinpoint
should weep for this tyrant when he is
to date this con-
attacks have put Saddam out of the nuclear
brought to justice-no one, anywhere in the
6th, but from its
bomb-building business for a long time to
world.
ult of August 2d,
come. Allied aircraft enjoy air superiority,
I watched, along with all of you, that re-
ssion against the
and we are using that superiority to system-
pulsive parade of American airmen on Iraqi
e did not begin a
atically deprive Saddam of his ability to
television-one more proof of the savagery
ve began to end a
wage war effectively.
of Saddam. But I knew as they read their
73
Jan. 29 / Administration of George Bush, 1991
The
Foreign
Minister.
I've
heard
that
before, Mr. President. [Laughter]
are Americans, part of something larger
than ourselves. For two centuries, we'vc
W
The President. -although our guests
done the hard work of freedom. And to
dev
are more than able to. This is a new animal
that's been added to our repertoire since
night, we lead the world in facing down a
with
you've come back.
threat to decency and humanity.
cont
and
The Foreign Minister. That's a very in-
What is at stake is more than one small
tinu
teresting one.
country; it is a big idea: a new world order,
where diverse nations are drawn together
COOI
Q. Your aides, sir, are taking bets on
all r
whether we'll ask a question, sir. [Laughter]
in common cause to achieve the universal
T
Q. Could you answer one of ours, please,
aspirations of mankind-peace and security,
ern
and prove them wrong? [Laughter]
freedom, and the rule of law. Such is a
tinu
Q. Mr. President, what do you think
world worthy of our struggle and worthy of
arot
about the Dutch support so far?
our children's future.
our
The President. You know, I feel very
The community of nations has resolutely
achi
badly I didn't explain to your press corps
gathered to condemn and repel lawless ag-
ann
that I don't take questions in the Oval
gression. Saddam Hussein's unprovoked in-
W
Office. I can understand why she would ask.
vasion-his ruthless, systematic rape of a
the
However, let me just tell you that one of
peaceful neighbor-violated everything the
stea
the reasons I'm delighted to have this meet-
community of nations holds dear. The
cult
ing is to be able to express to you and to
world has said this aggression would not
hon
Prime Minister Lubbers and others the ap-
stand, and it will not stand. Together, we
turi
preciation on the American side for this
have resisted the trap of appeasement, cyni-
insp
outstanding cooperation. And I think we've
cism, and isolation that gives temptation to
cy.
worked very closely together. We've noted
tyrants. The world has answered Saddam's
stru
your statements with great approval and
invasion with 12 United Nations resolutions,
ings
appreciation, I might say. And so, I look
starting with a demand for Iraq's immediate
cha
forward to hearing from you any further
and unconditional withdrawal, and backed
disp
thoughts you have on the Gulf or any other
up by forces from 28 countries of 6 conti-
ship
subject. But I really am grateful to you.
nents. With few exceptions, the world now
also
And that was the main message in why I
stands as one.
to u
wanted to grab some of your time on this
The end of the cold war has been a victo-
resp
trip-to tell you that. And I'm glad to have
ry for all humanity. A year and a half ago,
don
a chance to do it publicly.
in Germany, I said that our goal was a
T
The Foreign Minister. Thank you very
Europe whole and free. Tonight, Germany
Per
much.
is united. Europe has become whole and
cha
free, and America's leadership was instru-
tha
Note: The exchange began at 2:50 p.m. in
mental in making it possible.
pea
the Oval Office at the White House.
Our relationship to the Soviet Union is
give
important, not only to us but to the world.
me
America mustreating Teadin
anwo
That relationship has helped to shape these
are
and other historic changes. But like many
less
Address Before a Joint Session of the
other nations, we have been deeply con-
in
Congress on the State of the Union
cerned by the violence in the Baltics, and
ma
we have communicated that concern to the
any
January 29, 1991
Soviet leadership. The principle that has
are
Mr. President and Mr. Speaker and
guided us is simple: Our objective is to help
wa
Members of the United States Congress:
the Baltic peoples achieve their aspirations,
T
not to punish the Soviet Union. In our
the
I come to this House of the people to
recent discussions with the Soviet leader-
nev
speak to you and all Americans, certain that
ship we have been given representations
gov
we stand at a defining hour. Halfway
which, if fulfilled, would result in the with-
init
around the world, we are engaged in a
drawal of some Soviet forces, a reopening of
ties
great struggle in the skies and on the seas
and sands. We know why we're there: We
dialog with the Republics, and a move away
for
from violence.
wh
90
Administration of George Bush, 1991 / Jan. 29
the
of life. We have given our men and women
America has both the moral standing and
not
the very best. And they deserve it.
the means to back it up. We're the only
or
We all have a special place in our hearts
nation on this Earth that could assemble the
uses
for the families of our men and women
forces of peace. This is the burden of lead-
ot to
serving in the Gulf. They are represented
ership and the strength that has made
build
here tonight by Mrs. Norman Schwarzkopf.
America the beacon of freedom in a search-
S. We
We are all very grateful to General
ing world.
is no
Schwarzkopf and to all those serving with
This nation has never found glory in war.
nei-
him. And I might also recognize one who
the
came with Mrs. Schwarzkopf, Alma Powell,
Our people have never wanted to abandon
the wife of the distinguished Chairman of
the blessings of home and work for distant
why
the Joint Chiefs. And to the families, let me
lands and deadly conflict. If we fight in
ad to
say our forces in the Gulf will not stay there
anger, it is only because we have to fight at
know
one day longer than is necessary to com-
all. And all of us yearn for a world where
thing,
plete their mission.
we will never have to fight again.
y out-
The courage and success of the RAF
Each of us will measure within ourselves
suffer.
pilots, of the Kuwaiti, Saudi, French, the
the value of this great struggle. Any cost in
t con-
Canadians, the Italians, the pilots of Qatar
lives-any cost-is beyond our power to
ot fall
and Bahrain all are proof that for the first
measure. But the cost of closing our eyes to
er ag-
time since World War II, the international
aggression is beyond mankind's power to
build
community is united. The leadership of the
imagine. This we do know: Our cause is
arms
United Nations, once only a hoped-for ideal,
just; our cause is moral; our cause is right.
prin-
is now confirming its founders' vision.
I am heartened that we are not being
Let future generations understand the
sibility
asked to bear alone the financial burdens of
burden and the blessings of freedom. Let
region
this struggle. Last year, our friends and
them say we stood where duty required us
clusion
allies provided the bulk of the economic
to stand. Let them know that, together, we
costs of Desert Shield. And now, having re-
affirmed America and the world as a com-
value
ceived commitments of over $40 billion for
munity of conscience.
1 some
the first 3 months of 1991, I am confident
The winds of change are with us now.
me, a
they will do no less as we move through
The forces of freedom are together, united.
But the
Desert Storm.
We move toward the next century more
speak
But the world has to wonder what the
confident than ever that we have the will at
united
dictator of Iraq is thinking. If he thinks that
home and abroad to do what must be
S.
by targeting innocent civilians in Israel and
done-the hard work of freedom.
is the
Saudi Arabia, that he will gain advantage,
he is dead wrong. If he thinks that he will
May God bless the United States of Amer-
eadfast
advance his cause through tragic and despi-
ica. Thank you very, very much.
W, with
ike the
cable environmental terrorism, he is dead
ballis-
wrong. And if he thinks that by abusing the
it civil-
coalition prisoners of war he will benefit, he
Note: The President spoke at 9:09 p.m. in
is dead wrong.
the House Chamber of the Capitol. He was
that the
We will succeed in the Gulf. And when
introduced by Thomas S. Foley, Speaker of
oviding
we do, the world community will have sent
the House of Representatives. In his re-
missile
an enduring warning to any dictator or
marks, the President referred to Gen. H.
Let us
despot, present or future, who contemplates
Norman Schwarzkopf, commander of the
al with
outlaw aggression.
ates, to
The world can, therefore, seize this op-
U.S. forces in the Persian Gulf, and his
nds and
portunity to fulfill the long-held promise of
wife, Renda; and Gen. Colin L. Powell,
a new world order, where brutality will go
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The
unrewarded and aggression will meet col-
address was broadcast live nationwide on
nology,
lective resistance.
radio and television. Prior to his address,
enabled
military
Yes, the United States bears a major share
the President attended a reception in the
ous loss
of leadership in this effort. Among the na-
Speaker's Conference Room hosted by the
tions of the world, only the United States of
congressional leadership.
95
Jan. 30 / Administration of George Bush, 1991
Remarks and an Exchange With
Note: The exchange began at 10:05 a.m. in
indi
Reporters Prior to Discussions With
the Oval Office at the White House. In his
S
Foreign Minister Antonios Samaras of
remarks, President Bush referred to Prime
Greece
Minister Constantinos Mitsotakis of Greece;
fron
President Saddam Hussein of Iraq; Nelson
thes
January 30, 1991
C. Ledsky, U.S. Special Cyprus Coordinator;
nity
Q. When are you coming to Greece, Mr.
and Michael Sotirhos, U.S. Ambassador to
sho
President?
Greece.
peo
The President. Well, let me say I'm look-
anwo
ing forward to coming to Greece. And I
faw peace that's Gulf anywar
Vie
cap
his
want to tell the Foreign Minister that I'd
bro
like very much to have the Prime Minister
Remarks at the 50th Anniversary
life
come here, because we have a strong rela-
Observance of Franklin D. Roosevelt's
into
tionship with Greece. We're delighted with
Four Freedoms Speech
stai
the cooperation we are receiving. I view it
January 30, 1991
he
as a partnership.
the
And I don't know exactly on timing be-
Thank you very much, Speaker Foley.
(
cause we've had to delay a trip that might
And may I salute the leaders of both Houses
Im
well have tied into a stop in Greece. But I
of Congress; pay my respects to Anne Roo-
CO
hope you will tell the Prime Minister that—
sevelt and to Arthur Schlesinger, Bill
We
one, of our gratitude for the wonderful co-
vanden Heuvel; and distinguished repre-
doi
operation in this partnership approach
sentatives of the Congress here; distin-
Th
we've got; two, of our commitment to
guished representatives of our World War
an
Greece, longstanding, and to its security
II allies who are with us; certain ambassa-
ize
and to its prosperity.
dors; and to the many friends.
ou
And I guess, really, my message to the
It is an honor to be with you on this
Greek people would be one of gratitude for
extraordinary day of reflection, rededica-
its steadfast standing shoulder to shoulder
tion, and renewal, inspired by the stirring
with the United States and many other
words of this great President.
en
countries in standing up against the aggres-
You know, a day when we think of the
on
sion that Saddam Hussein has perpetrated.
Declaration of Independence, the Constitu-
ru
So, Greek-American relations are in good
tion, the Emancipation Proclamation-
le
Franklin Roosevelt called these documents
ch
shape. And what we're going to talk about
is how to make them even better, if we can.
"milestones of human progress." And he
or
added one more to the list that we've heard
cl
Q. Mr. President, does your resolve for
about-the charge he named his Four Free-
implementation of all U.N. resolutions in-
doms of Common Humanity. All of these
of
clude the Cyprus issue as well?
landmark charters are optimistic. After all,
is
The President. Well, we've been looking
that's what inspiration is about. But Presi-
tl
at that for a long, long time. Quite clearly
dent Roosevelt knew that they are more
it's not something that the United States
than just idealistic goals. Together they are
can do. We've long favored support for the
the moral North Star that guides us.
b
Secretary-General's initiative.
Two hundred years ago, perhaps our
But that's the last question I'll take-a
greatest political philosopher, Thomas Jef-
very good one and an issue that I hope can
ferson, defined our nation's identity when
be resolved. We've got a full-time, a very
he wrote: "All men are created equal, en-
able Ambassador who remains involved on
dowed by their Creator with certain una-
it in multilateral-Mr. Ledsky. We have a
lienable rights. Among them are life, liber-
good Ambassador in Athens who has our
ty, and the pursuit of happiness."
full confidence. So, I hope we can be help-
Fifty years ago, our greatest American
ful. But that's a problem that I'd love to see
political pragmatist, Roosevelt, refined that
solved, in keeping with these U.N. resolu-
thought in his four freedoms, when he bril-
tions.
liantly enunciated the 20th-century vision
Thank you all very much.
of our Founding Fathers' commitment to
96
Administration of George Bush, 1991 / Jan. 30
05 a.m. in
individual liberty. And he saw that liberty
Roosevelt's America was entering a war
use. In his
S made up as we've heard: freedom of
against the oldest enemy of the human
d to Prime
pression, freedom of worship, freedom
spirit-evil that threatened world peace.
of Greece;
from want, and freedom from fear. And for
But listen to the confidence of purpose
aq; Nelson
these 200 years this concept of human dig-
that he expressed in that same speech:
oordinator;
nity has been a beacon drawing to these
"Our national policy in foreign affairs has
assador to
shores people from across the globe-
been based on a decent respect for the
people like a boy named Quang Trinh, a
rights and dignity of all nations, large and
Vietnamese teenager who almost died es-
small, and the justice of morality must and
caping from the country where he'd seen
will win in the end." That charge is as true
his mother killed, his father jailed, his
today in the Gulf as it was 50 years ago in
brother's spirit broken. Quang fled the only
Europe. And the triumph of the moral
ary
life he'd known for freedom. He jumped
order must still be the vision that compels
osevelt's
into shark-infested waters for freedom,
us. So we ask God to bless us, to guide us,
starved in delirium for freedom. And when
and to help us through whatever dark
he was rescued and told that he could enter
nights we still may face.
the United States, he wept for joy.
We hope that in the sublime resolve of
aker Foley.
Quang calls America freedom country.
those who strive so that all may live in
oth Houses
Imagine if every person across this world
peace and freedom, we will show how this
Anne Roo-
could call their homeland freedom country.
nation has forged its very soul, and that the
inger, Bill
We do-and we do because the four free-
liberty bell of the four freedoms will ring
hed repre-
doms have shaped the American character.
for all people in every nation of this world.
ere; distin-
They've molded who we are as individuals
Thank you very much.
World War
and as a nation. And they've made us real-
in ambassa-
ize that along with the freedoms that are
Note: The President spoke at 11:33 a.m. in
our birthright come solemn responsibilities.
Statuary Hall at the U.S. Capitol. In his
you on this
As we look around the world at the
opening remarks, he referred to Thomas S.
n, rededica-
ents of the past year, we see how these
Foley, Speaker of the House of Representa-
the stirring
ry same beliefs are bringing about the
tives; Anne Roosevelt, granddaughter of
emergence of a new world order, one based
Franklin D. Roosevelt; and historians
think of the
on respect for the individual and for the
Arthur Schlesinger and William vanden
he Constitu-
rule of law-a new world order that can
Heuvel, cochairmen of the Franklin and El-
clamation-
lead to the lasting peace we all seek, where
eanor Roosevelt Institute.
documents
children will never have to repeat Quang's
ss." And he
ordeal. And that's what's at stake-a new
we've heard
chapter of human history.
S Four Free-
And that's why an international coalition
All of these
of 28 nations backed by the United Nations
Message to the Congress Transmitting a
ic. After all,
is standing up to the evil that challenges
Report on the Canada-United States
t. But Presi-
this ideal halfway around the world in the
Free-Trade Agreement
ey are more
Middle East. We cannot, we must not, and
January 30, 1991
her they are
we will not let that hope for a better world
S us.
be threatened.
To the Congress of the United States:
perhaps our
It is our commitment to the new world
Pursuant to section 304(f) of the United
Thomas Jef-
order that takes us to the sands and the seas
States-Canada Free-Trade Agreement Im-
lentity when
of the Gulf. And we're there because we
plementation Act of 1988 (Public Law 100-
d equal, en-
realize that each of Roosevelt's four free-
449; 102 Stat. 1875), I am pleased to trans-
certain una-
doms leads us to the greatest of all human
mit the attached report pertaining to the
re life, liber-
aspirations-the freedom to live in peace.
implementation and effectiveness of oper-
We stand now, I really believe, at a defin-
ation of the United States-Canada Free-
est American
ing moment in history, much as the man
Trade Agreement (FTA) in its first 2 years.
refined that
honor today did a half a century ago. No
when he bril-
George Bush
knew better than President Roosevelt
entury vision
nat hard work freedom really is. And
The White House,
mmitment to
when he introduced first the four freedoms,
January 30, 1991.
97
Feb. 1 / Administration of George Bush, 1991
always keep a place in my heart for the
So, thank you, thank you for your sup-
memories and especially for the families of
port. God bless you and this great country
these American heroes.
And most of all, God bless the finest sol-
I'm told that not far from here yellow
diers, sailors, airmen, coastguardsmen, and
ribbons stretch as far as the eye can see.
marines any nation has ever had. Thank
And they show what a former President, a
you very much.
former general, Dwight Eisenhower, meant
when he said, "Morale is the greatest single
Note: The President spoke at 8:43 a.m. in a
factor in successful wars." The communities
hangar at the station. In his remarks, he
of Jacksonville and Havelock care. And so,
referred to Maggie Hearney, wife of Rich-
like communities all across America, they've
ard D. Hearney, commanding general, 2d
joined hands to support military troops and
Marine Air Wing; Lt. Gen. Carl E. Mundy,
their families. And I think of your schools,
Jr., commanding general, Fleet Marine
touching troops with their letters and their
Force, Atlantic; Brig. Gen. David A. Rich-
love. And the "Key Wives Program," link-
wine, commanding general, Marine Corps
ing families and hearts. And if there's
Air Station, Cherry Point; Col. Daniel B.
anyone around this country who wonders
what we're fighting for, they need look no
McDyre, commander, 2d Marine Aircraft
farther than right here in this room.
Wing; Zandra Krulak, wife of Brig. Gen.
Unfortunately, there are no medals of
Charles C. Krulak, commanding general, 2d
Forces Service Support Group; and Linda
valor for military families. If there were,
there would be as much decoration on your
Sutton, wife of Brig. Gen. Russell H. Sutton,
chests as there is pride within them. Two
Director, Operations Division, Plans, Poli-
cies, and Operations Department.
I
ussein)
weeks ago, a monument was dedicated a
mile from here. It has five service seals and
(saddam
this inscription: "Operation Desert Storm:
no
This beacon burning bright is a constant
for
in
reminder of Havelock's home fires burning
Remarks to Community Members at
in support of our military men and women
Seymour Johnson Air Force Base in
and their families." To all of you-spouses,
Goldsboro, North Carolina
children, parents, loved ones, marines—
February 1, 1991
you're doing more than just keeping the
home fires burning. Your dedication and
Thank you so very much. Cynthia, thank
bravery is lighting the heart-believe me-
you for that introduction. This is the warm-
it is lighting the heart of every American.
est picnic on a cold day I've ever attended,
You're hastening the day when your men
I'll tell you. And really, it's great to be here
and women will come home. And let me
at Seymour Johnson, home of the 4th Tacti-
repeat this to the families: We will stay in
cal Fighter Wing-the "Rocketeers" and
the Gulf for as long as necessary, but not
the "Chiefs"-as well as these great refuel-
one day longer than it takes us to complete
ing units, the 68th and the 916th. And let
this mission.
me just pay my respects and say what an
Today, in the Gulf, marines are enduring
unbelievable job Colonel "Jumbo" Wray is
much to keep America strong and great.
doing here on this base. We're very proud
Let me leave you with words that were
of him. While your wing commander, Colo-
written more than a century ago. Back
nel Hornburg, is deployed with Desert
then, the marines had just landed on an-
Storm, "Jumbo" is filling in, doing just
other distant shore, and a reporter wrote,
great.
"The Marines have landed, and the situa-
And I'm also glad to see a man that flew
tion is well in hand." Nothing has changed,
over with me from our last stop-that's
and nothing will.
Governor Martin out here, the Governor of
You know, I heard on the radio the Presi-
this State. Congressman Martin Lancaster,
dent is going to North Carolina to lift the
from this district, and I am very proud he is
morale of the people. Let me assure you,
with us here today. And, of course, the
it's the other way around after seeing this
mayor, Mayor Plunk, is with us, too. And
group.
wanted to specifically thank the military af-
110
Administration of George Bush, 1991 / Feb. 1
fairs committee of the Wayne County
you for your sup-
place for lawless aggression in the region or
Chamber of Commerce for hosting this fan-
in this new world order that we envision.
this great country
astic picnic. I don't believe I've had so
the finest sol-
While I'm here, I would be remiss if I
much fun in a long, long time.
bastguardsmen,
didn't salute what the U.S. and coalition
and
And, of course, I do want to salute two
ever had. Thank
airmen have accomplished. Air superiority
others: our very able Secretary of the Air
is an established fact now. The Iraqi Air
Force that you just met, Don Rice back
Force is no longer a factor. And I know that
there, as well as the Air Force Chief of
at 8:43 a.m. in a
this base-as much as any base in this coun-
Staff, General Tony McPeak, both of them
his remarks, he
try-this base is very proud of the way that
doing a fantastic job for our country.
wife of Rich-
This is a three-stop day for me. We just
we have used air superiority to go after
anding general, 2d
Saddam's missiles of terror.
came here from the Marine Air Station at
Carl E. Mundy,
Cherry Point, and from here we head to
And yes, our mission in the Gulf is de-
Fleet Marine
Fort Stewart. But I want to tell you how
manding and it's difficult, but I can tell you
David A. Rich-
very pleased I am to be able to spend some
that our troops will not be asked to accom-
Marine Corps
time meeting and talking to at least some of
plish their mission with one hand tied
Col. Daniel B.
you-especially the kids-because I know in
behind their back. We are not going to do
Marine Aircraft
my heart how tough these days can be.
that in this war. And let me say something
wife of Brig. Gen.
There's a lot of waiting, a lot of uncertain-
else: Your husbands and wives and your
nanding general, 2d
ty-the not knowing. But each of you do
moms and dads will not be in that Gulf one
Group; and Linda
know this: The men and women from Sey-
day longer than is absolutely necessary. I
Russell H. Sutton,
mour Johnson are doing a fantastic job for
want them home, and I want them all
Plans, Poli-
this country, and we are very, very grateful.
home.
partment.
You've got the tactical fighters and the
And finally-and I don't think I have to
refuelers and the medical personnel and
tell this particular group this point-but I
the civil engineers and the security police. I
want each of you and all our troops-this
just want you to know how grateful the
really is for the troops-I want you to know
Members at
Nation is to this entire team-and to you-
that the American people stand with you.
Force
Base
in
and to share with you here today just a few
And I hope you had a chance to watch at
thoughts. I cast fear and horror into the
least the part of the State of the Union
heart of one guy I was having lunch with
Message that I want to mention to you be-
because I told him this was going to take 45
cause if you did, you would have seen a
minutes; it won't, believe me.
Cynthia, thank
very moving scene: The entire Congress-
This is the warm-
But let me just share some thoughts with
and Congressman Lancaster was there; he
I've ever attended,
you. I probably don't need to tell you that
will tell you this is true-the entire Con-
the brave service men and women of this
great to be here
gress, the Cabinet, the Supreme Court, the
of the 4th Tacti-
base are part of the most motivated, the
Joint Chiefs, the diplomatic corps rose to
"Rocketeers" and
best educated, the best equipped Armed
their feet in a prolonged, heartfelt tribute
these great refuel-
Forces in the history of this great country of
to the troops. It was a moving thing. And if
the 916th. And let
ours, bar none. Because they are-and you
only you could have felt it, as I did standing
and say what an
are-doing the hard work of freedom, the
up there in front of the Congress-felt the
"Jumbo" Wray is
cause of freedom will prevail. I'm absolutely
thunder of the applause and sensed the
We're very proud
certain of that.
emotion that filled that Chamber. And the
commander, Colo-
You know, we're now more than 2 weeks
cheering for our armed forces-and it was
with Desert
into Desert Storm. And I'm happy to say
strong, it was for them-was followed by
in, doing just
and-put it this way-we are on course and
two more standing ovations for you, the
we are on schedule. And as each day passes,
courageous families of our service men and
a man that flew
Iraq's war machine, thanks to many of your
women. And it was for you and for our
last stop-that's
loved ones, is being systematically de-
troops. And that's exactly the way it should
the Governor of
stroyed by our allied military forces. Our
have been.
Martin Lancaster,
investment, our training, and our planning
And I hope that that Saddam Hussein, in
am very proud he is
are paying off. And yes, sacrifices still lay
his bunker somewhere in Baghdad, saw
And,
of
course,
the
head, but we will succeed. And when we
every single minute of it. And if he did,
with
us,
too.
And
do, we will have taught Saddam Hussein
maybe he now understands that we are a
hank
the
military
af-
and all others like him that there is no
nation united in support of our troops.
111
ogram,
no cunlawful' Force
use to
Week Ending Friday, February 8, 1991
in anwo
xecutive
Remarks to Community Members at
enlisting in the cause of liberty and under-
inistration-114
Cherry Point Marine Corps Air Station
taking the hard work of freedom-a cause
in North Carolina
which, today in the Persian Gulf, your col-
February 1, 1991
leagues, friends, above all, families have
No.
71)-125
bravely and willingly borne as marines have
151
Thank you very much for that warm wel-
always done.
come. And it's a wonderful honor to be in-
It comes as little surprise that the first
troduced by Ms. Hearney, whose husband is
ground engagement in the Gulf involved
a-Mexico-United
doing such an outstanding job for the coun-
marines. It comes as no surprise that the
try. Let me salute the Secretary of the
marines fought with great distinction and
Navy, Larry Garrett; of course, General Al
fought very bravely. Their professionalism.
Gray, upon whom I depend so much as a
and sacrifice will end the nightmare-I'm.
member of the Joint Chiefs; and General
absolutely confident of that-will end the
the
U.S.,
Mundy and General Richwine and Colonel
nightmare of Iraq's brutal occupation and
rences,
McDyre and, of course, Governor Martin,
ensure that Kuwait is once again free.
Week-
the Governor of this great State-an old
What's this T-shirt up here?
friend, Jim Martin; and Mrs. Krulak and
No, but their courage and commitment
Day-150
Mrs. Sutton; families and friends and mem-
will help punish aggression and protect our
bers of "the few, the proud, the Marines."
new world order from the tyranny of ruth-
There's a song which speaks of "Carolina
less dictators with no concern for human
in the Morning." Well, I am very pleased to
life.
be here this morning to salute all of you
who form the magnificent Carolina MAGTF
We're now more than 2 weeks into Oper-
designation
Chile,
Namibia,
[Marine Air Ground Task Force].
ation Desert Storm. My report to you today
is that we are on course, we are on sched-
countries-122
Admiral Bull Halsey-if you'll forgive me,
ule, and things go well. Day by day, night
elephone
a Navy man-[laughter]-once called you
Klerk-125
by night, Iraq's capacity to wage war is
"not merely the elite Corps of this country
being systematically destroyed by U.S. and
but the elite Corps of this world." And I
coalition military forces. And our invest-
agree. Let me tell you, it's a real privilege-
and I mean that-to be at a home base of
ment, our training, and our planning are
releases-155
paying off. And yes, achieving our goals will
inouncements-
the United States Marine Corps.
require time and sacrifice, but we will pre-
For 216 years, the corps has helped write
vail-make no mistake about that. And
enate-154
the story of America. And today-in war-
when we do-and when we do, we will
time, as in peacetime-you write that story
have taught a dangerous tyrant and those
still. It is the story of Semper Fi-Always
few who would follow in his footsteps that
Faithful-to the liberty which set men free.
there is no place for lawless aggression in
My squadron helped cover the landings
this critical region and in the new world
at Guam and Saipan, and I was way up
order that we seek to create.
of
the
Federal
23607;
1
CFR
Part
there and those marines were way down
Every day, I think of our brave service
there. And I saw their courage then, first-
men and women like the 2d Marine Air-
rintendent
of
Docu-
hand. Think of the marines storming the
wing, 11 squadrons and 2 battalions de-
DC
20402
The
beaches at Iwo; or taking the shell-torn
will be furnished
ployed in the Gulf; the 2d Marine Division:
per
year
($96.00
for
ridges at Chosin, Guadalcanal; patrolling
and the 2d Force Service Support Group.
for
$68.75
per
year,
the skies from Okinawa to Korea; and now
Government
Print
Ninety percent of their members are de-
in Saudi Arabia.
for
a
single
copy
ployed in the Gulf. And they, too, believe in
As I said Tuesday night in my State of the
a cause larger than themselves. And most of
of
material
ap-
Union speech, to be an American means
Documents
all, we think of all those who have given
writing new chapters in this story. It means
the last full measure of devotion, and I will
109
Feb. 1 / Administration of George Bush, 1991
I know it's been tough on a lot of you-
Note: The President spoke at 11:55 a.m. at
maybe all you here at Seymour Johnson.
the base picnic grounds. In his remarks, he
And I know also what it is that you have
referred to Cynthia Hornburg, wife of Col.
offered this great nation of ours. I under-
Al Hornburg, wing commander, 4th Tacti-
stand what it is that I have asked of you,
cal Fighter Wing, and Col. James "Jumbo"
what General McPeak has asked of you.
Wray, vice commander, 4th Tactical Fighter
Members of this fighting unit have volun-
Wing.
tarily set aside their freedom to wage this
battle. But while today some may be prison-
no
ers of war, and others may have made the
use
Sorce
and faith in God keeps their spirit free. No
Remarks to Community Members at
anwo
in
ultimate sacrifice, a lifetime of democracy
foreign dictator can imprison the love of
Fort Stewart, Georgia
liberty that beats in the hearts of every
February 1, 1991
American.
And before I finish, I'd like to say some-
Thank you for that great welcome. Jill-
thing to all of the kids here today. I want
Jill McCaffrey-it is my great pleasure to be
you to know that your parents, your loved
here and to meet with you. Barbara and I
ones, our troops in the Gulf are enduring
met the commanding general-met Jill's
the hardships of war today so that you may
husband, Gen. Barry McCaffrey, and many
know the blessings of peace tomorrow.
of his troops, many of your loved ones-and
And seeing such strong, wonderful fami-
we shared a meal with them on Thanksgiv-
lies here today and knowing the support
ing Day. And it was special, and we Bushes
that you have received from this communi-
will never forget it. And the food wasn't
ty is good for the soul and proves the
bad, either. [Laughter] But I'll tell you, the
strength of America's spirit. And I thank
morale was great.
each and every one of you-I thank each
I want to salute General Burba, than
and every one of you. And when I climbed
him for his leadership in this most impor
on Air Force One of this morning out
tant command of his. I want to salute and
there-I told them this over at Cherry
pay my respects to these two Senators from
Point-I heard on the television, President
this State in which this installation is locat-
Bush is visiting the bases to help lift the
ed-Senator Nunn, chairman of our Armed
morale. And it's been exactly 180 degrees
Services Committee; Senator Wyche
the other way around. My morale has been
Fowler-and of course, your own Congress-
pretty darn good, frankly, but seeing those
man from this district who's been so sup-
people over there and now all of you, my
portive of everything all of you are involved
morale has never been more sky-high.
in, Congressman Thomas. To the new Gov-
Thank you for this fantastic support for
ernor of this great State, Governor Miller,
the troops. Because you see, you see, I do
who is with us today, my respects. And
draw strength and courage from your for-
Colonel Lucas, thank you, sir, for your pray-
bearance for the job that the colonel and all
ers. And Colonel Frank Miller, if you can
the others are doing around here. And I ask
sing like your wife does, why, you guys
God's blessing upon you all-every one of
ought to go on the road. [Laughter] But I
you-and upon every soldier and sailor,
think I've mentioned everybody but Beetle
marine, airman, and coastguardsman-
Bailey here. [Laughter]
every man and woman now serving in the
But nevertheless, it is indeed a real pleas-
Persian Gulf. What a wonderful country we
ure to meet with you. I've heard a lot from
have. And nothing could prove that more
Colonel Miller and others about Hinesville,
than the patriotism and the courage and
and I heard a lot out in the Saudi desert-
the devotion of your loved ones, our be-
you can believe me-about all of you, the
loved troops, halfway around the world.
Fort Stewart family. I came down here to
May God bless the United States of Amer-
thank you on behalf of a grateful nation fo
ica and each and every one of you. Thank
your steadfast service and sacrifice becaus
you very, very much.
when proud men and women of Fort Stew-
112
Administration of George Bush, 1991 / Feb. 1
1:55
a.m.
at
art and Hunter Field put it all on the line,
Let me assure you that Desert Storm is
remarks,
he
every one of you is right there with them.
right on course. Our training, our invest-
of
Col.
In times of trial, we fall back on faith and
ment, our planning are all paying off
4th
Tacti-
on family, what a wise man once called the
American and allied forces are systematical-
"Jumbo"
"little platoons" to which we all belong, the
ly destroying Iraq's capacity to wage war.
Fighter
little platoons that provide the 24th Infan-
Every member of the 24th Infantry Divi-
try Division with its fighting spirit and its
sion is part of a fighting tradition stretching
staying power.
back some 50 years. Back in November,
Right now, it's night in Saudi Arabia. The
when I met with the men and women of
soldiers from Fort Stewart are on duty, 1
the 24th, I told them about the last Thanks-
more day in more than 5 long months away
at
giving that I had spent so far away from
from home. Our thoughts are with them,
home. It was on a ship off the Philippine
day and night-America's finest, standing
coast back in 1944. The 24th was there,
against an aggressor who must be stopped,
fighting to take Red Beach on Leyte Island
standing up for the best-all that is best in
in the campaign that earned the 24th the
come.
Jill-
us. Because those men and women know
nickname it SO proudly bears today: the
easure
to
be
and you know-we all know that when the
"Victory" Division.
rbara
and
I
forces of aggression take up arms, America
Jill's
And back then, those-close to 50 years
cannot look the other way.
ago-Franklin Delano Roosevelt sent a
and
many
It began with Kuwait, but that wouldn't
cable out to General MacArthur and the
ones-and
have been the end. What we've witnessed
Thanksgiv-
24th Division, a message that-very short-
these last few weeks removed any last shred
I'd like to read it to you today. FDR wrote
we
Bushes
of doubt about the adversary that we face:
them: "You have the Nation's gratitude, and
wasn't
the terror bombing, without military
the
the Nation's prayers for success, as you and
you,
value-the terror bombing of innocent civil-
your men fight your way back."
ians with those Scud missiles; the brutal
And now, many years later, once more
than'
treatment-that brutal, inhumane treat-
the 24th is in the front lines, far from home.
most
impor
ment of our POW's; the endless appetite for
Once more, the Nation's prayers and the
salute
and
evil that would lead a man to make war on
Nation's pride are with the 24th and all the
from
the world's environment. All of us know
brave men and women of Desert Storm.
is
locat-
what we're up against. All of you know why
Armed
I don't know whether it was Jill, but
our
we're there.
somebody told me about the send-off back
Wyche
We are there because we are Americans,
Congress-
in August, when the 24th was among the
part of something that's larger than our-
first to deploy to Saudi Arabia, the way the
so
sup-
selves. Our cause is right. Our cause is just.
people of Hinesville and the other towns
involved
And because it is just, that world's cause
near here lined not just the streets around
new
Gov-
will prevail.
Fort Stewart but lined the interstate all the
Miller,
And when we win-and we will-we will
way up I-95 to Hunter Field and Savannah.
spects.
And
have taught a dangerous dictator and any
What a sight that must have been to the
your
pray-
tyrant tempted to follow in his footsteps
proud soldiers of Fort Stewart.
if
you
can
that the U.S. has a new credibility, and that
And let me say to all the children here
you
guys
what we say goes, and that there is no place
But
I
with parents that are serving over there in
for lawless aggression in the Persian Gulf
but
Beetle
the Gulf, keep in mind that no matter how
and in this new world order that we seek to
much you depend on your parents, your
create. And we mean it. And he will under-
real
country depends on them, too. And you've
pleas-
stand that when the day is done.
a
lot
from
read at school about the great generals and
I know that all of you-especially all of
some of the Presidents-all about American
Hinesville,
you-are anxious to know if and when a
history and American heroes. Well, you see,
desert-
ground operation might begin. Let me tell
the
that's just part of the great story about our
of
you,
you now, it will only begin if necessary and
country because your moms and dads are
here
to
when we decide that the time is right. We
the heroes, too, doing the hard work of
nation
for
will conduct this conflict on our terms, on
becaus
freedom right now, half a world away.
our timetable, not on Saddam Hussein's
Fort
Stew-
I know it's been tough. It may get tough-
timetable.
er. We've got three of the Walker kids here
113
Administration of George Bush, 1991 / Feb.
We build can
Remarks and a Question-and-Answer
ilization began-civilized behavior can
it
Session at a Meeting of the Economic
begin anew. We can build a better world
Club of New York in New York City
and a better new world order.
now,
February 6, 1991
Tonight the world is united by shared
commitments, shared interests, shared
from
The President. Thank you so very much.
hopes. Our efforts will determine the kind
And, Dick, thank you, sir, for inviting me to
of legacy that we bequeath our children,
The
this most prestigious organization. May I
the kind of world they will live in. And so,
pay my respects to Secretary Brady, who is
let us rededicate ourselves to the ideals in
ashes
with us-came up with us from Washington
which our troops SO resolutely believe. Be-
and, in my view, is doing an outstanding job
cause in the final analysis, America and her
8
for our country. And I'm just delighted he's
partners will be measured not by how we
here.
wage war but how we make peace.
And I want to thank one other-Ray
the
Price, an old friend who I understand does
I said in my State of the Union Address
a lot of heavy lifting for this organization-a
that "we are the nation that can shape the
lot of the organization. And each one of
future." And shaping the future is a job that
Gulf
you-all of you-and I want to thank you
begins at home. And SO I want to talk to
not for standing up to greet me, for heaven
you tonight about the economy. Long-term
sakes, but for standing up for all those fight-
economic growth is central to quality of life
ing against aggression tonight in the Persian
for America's families, quality of decency
Gulf, and especially all the coalition forces,
for America's communities, and to the qual-
but especially the fighting men and women
ity of leadership America can bring in its
of the United States of America.
special role as the world's leading diplomat-
Looking around at this dais and at the
ic, cultural, and economic power.
audience. I wonder who's home minding
Just over 8 years ago, when we came out
the GNP. [Laughter] This is a classy, star-
of a recession, the longest peacetime expan-
studded audience, and we are very pleased,
sion in American history began. Working
again, once again, let me say, to be here.
together, we created millions of new jobs,
This year, as Dick said, marks a defining
cut both interest rates and inflation in
hour-a moment of truth-for this genera-
half-a triumph driven by the energies of
tion, for this country, and I'd also add for
the most dynamic and diverse economy on
the United Nations. We were patient and
Earth.
we were cautious. But when the moment of
Against this background, the events of
truth came, America and the world did
1990 served to remind us that even a fun-
what was moral, what was just, and what
damentally healthy economy faces the risk
was right.
of temporary disturbances, short-term set-
We said the occupation of Kuwait would
backs. For example, when Iraq invaded
not stand. And 3 weeks ago tonight, at just
Kuwait in August 1990, it was a shock to
about this time, we announced that the lib-
the world's conscience. Business and con-
eration of Kuwait had begun. Three weeks
sumer confidence fell. We all remember
ago tonight, allied forces moved to end a
the rise, the dramatic rise, in oil prices. In-
conflict that we did not seek and that we
flation worries rose. And interest rates re-
did not begin. But ladies and gentlemen, it
flected an extra risk premium. Taken to-
is one that we and our allies will finish. And
gether, this produced a very real blow to an
I can tell you firmly that tonight we are on
economy that had already slowed down.
course and we are on schedule. Mission by
But make no mistake: The current reces-
mission, hour by hour, Iraq's capacity to
sion does not signal any decline in the fun-
wage war is being systematically destroyed
damental, long-term health or basic vitality
by American and coalition forces.
of our economy. America is a "can do"
The road to real peace will be difficult-
nation. And America is home to the largest,
long and tough, I'd say. But we will prevail.
most productive economy on Earth. Our
And when we do, we will have before us an
administration's economic policies are de-
historic opportunity. From the confluence
signed to strengthen the foundation for a
of the Tigris and the Euphrates-where civ-
solid recovery and guarantee the highest
next of
139
anwo
is
democratic
Administration of George Bush, 1991 / Feb. 6
-term eco-
would send oil up to $80 a barrel-and I
ur nation.
benefits of flexibility throughout the West-
think we can all remember those specula-
ern Hemisphere.
nent must
tive days-oil prices have fallen substantial-
research
To build a new, peaceful world order we
ly since their peaks in October, especially
strength-
must secure the democratic triumphs of the
since the start of Operation Desert Storm. I
our lives.
past year. I'm thinking especially of the
believe that by standing up to aggression in
nes; it's an
Revolution of '89. The new democracies in
the Gulf, we are guaranteeing the future
ntists, the
Central and Eastern Europe inspire us all
security and the stability of that entire area,
who will
with their commitment to free societies and
an area that is so vital to global economic
century.
prosperity.
free market economies. But look, they face
overnors,
Later this month, the administration will
daunting obstacles from the Communist
effort at
release our National Energy Strategy. The
past as well as severe new problems
produc-
strategy will propose Federal, State, and
brought on by lost markets and brought on
private sector initiatives to increase energy
by higher oil prices.
But we
efficiency and conservation. It recognizes
Our administration is committed to help,
observer
the need for creating a clean, safe environ-
and we're committed to lead. Despite the
missiles
ment. And it also recognizes that we must
burden we are bearing in the Gulf, I've
iped out
find more domestic oil and gas, and use
asked Congress for $470 million in new as-
are not
more alternative sources of energy.
sistance for Central and Eastern Europe-a
Our strategy is designed to reduce our
substantial increase over last year's request.
means
vulnerability to foreign oil supply disrup-
Four decades ago, the Marshall Plan
which is
tions. Now, some will argue that reducing
helped build a West European zone of pros-
of the
our energy vulnerability is not enough and
perity and security that greatly benefited
ur bank-
that we should embark upon more drastic
the United States. Together with our West-
ms will
measures designed to achieve total energy
ern European partners, we can now extend
epositor
independence. That's down the road-be-
this success to create a Europe whole and
ress the
cause the reality is we are a long way from
free-an entire continent of prosperity and
ketplace
total energy independence and we must
stability that fulfills the vision of that Mar-
hat pro-
avoid unwise and extreme measures that
shall Plan.
S, and
would seriously hurt American consumers,
With their great human potential and
want to
American jobs, American industries.
commitment to market economic reform,
do this
Yes, we've got to begin reducing our
energy vulnerability now. Our new strategy
Central and Eastern European countries
lutions
ob, and
will do that because it is prudent, it is bal-
offer real opportunities for U.S. trade and
anced, and it is comprehensive.
investment, and I urge American business
But by
And finally, don't forget another underly-
to seize these opportunities-as many are
ing strength of our economy: the flexibility
doing.
down-
of America's free market system. To pre-
I see Jack Welch over here. Well, G.E.
f. And
S this:
serve this flexibility, we must keep our mar-
weighed in with $150-million joint venture
diffi-
kets open and hold government restrictions
with Tungsram in Hungary. Drew Lewis,
to a minimum. This, frankly, is not easy. I
who is not here with us tonight-but his
will continue to oppose protectionism. I will
Union Pacific stepped up to the plate with
acked
continue to fight for a level playing field, so
an impressive effort to modernize Poland's
under
that international trade is free and fair.
railroads. And Bell Atlantic and U.S. West
to de-
And that is what we are doing in this
have begun a $80-million telecommunica-
ed for
Uruguay Round of trade negotiations—
tions venture in Czechoslovakia.
have
trying to lower the barrier to the free flow
History is moving decisively in favor of
d for
of goods and services around the world.
freedom, thanks in large part to American
excess
And that is also what we seek in the negoti-
ideals and perseverance-the touchstones of
part-
ations that we will launch this year with
the modern world which the emerging de-
n and
Mexico and Canada to create a North
mocracies are now striving for: free mar-
rkets
American free trade area. And our Enter-
kets, free speech, free elections. America
will
prise for the Americas Initiatives-and
has lived by these tenets for over 200 years.
e of
again I salute Secretary Brady for his key
And they've given us both our power and
war
role in all of this-is intended to extend the
our purpose.
next
page
141
Administration of George Bush, 1991 / Feb. 6
and encour-
cent higher. What do you have in mind, if
and the United States, how do events in the
States?
anything, to correct this situation?
Soviet Union affect this concept?
the easy part-
The President. First, let me profess my
The President. Well, it doesn't depend
part-[laugh-
love for Tip O'Neill. [Laughter] And I
entirely on it, but it would be greatly en-
posal-it will be
really, sincerely mean it, as I think many
hanced by a Soviet Union that goes down
it's
successful-
people-I know Barbara knows, and I really
the line with its commitment to market
renew confi-
feel strongly about it-the guy has not been
reform, to private ownership of land, to a
long overdue. I
well lately, nor has Millie, his wife, who we
free economic system, to a system that re-
was Vice Presi-
love dearly. So, I will take this opportunity
sists and does not use force to assure order
up with some
through C-SPAN or whoever to pay my
amongst the republics, that goes farther
for regulatory
genuine respects and affection to him. He
down the road with elections and all the
knows this. And I think you've phrased it
openness that I give President Gorbachev
come up with
very well-we do have a different approach
credit for. And as well as the openness in
hat
I
think
are
on how housing should be done in this
terms of glasnost and the reforms in terms
simplified. The
country. I think when Tip goes back, he
of perestroika-we're going to continue to
rganizations and
was talking about government-paid-for, gov-
support those concepts. But it was this, it
Treasury an-
ernment-owned housing.
was the farsighted vision of Mr. Gorbachev
this
would
renew
Our approach is something else. We be-
that enabled us to work together in the
interest rates
lieve that the best way to do it is to have
United Nations.
still confidence.
tenant management, encourage ownership,
some of the
Now, my vision of a new world order
voucher systems. We have a program called
foresees a United Nations with a revitalized
can answer it
HOPE, which relates fundamentally to
per se-but I
home ownership as opposed to Federal
peacekeeping function. I think most that
follow the United Nations see the economic
in the past got
ownership. We have put much more money
scared some of
and social side of the United Nations as
in the budget for this. We happen to be-
lieve that enterprise zones going into low-
having performed well since it was found-
I think some of
income areas would do an awful lot to bring
ed. Most people that follow it find that the
[Laughter]
business there and thus enable people to
peacekeeping function for the most part has
seeing is, in an
buy more homes.
not been effective. And one of the reasons
and hopeful-
So, I hope that the program that we've
it hasn't is because of the veto in the hands
coming out, a
put forward-the HOPE program-will
of the five permanent members of the Se-
fundamentally
have the support of many of Tip's former
curity Council-one of them being the
hat deserves the
colleagues. I have a feeling it will. We'd
Soviet Union.
people-and
I
made a good step on it last year in the
When I was Ambassador 20 years ago in
on that-a
Congress and got good support from both
the U.N., we hardly ever voted with the
able to get into
sides of the aisle. But if Tip is referring to
Soviet Union. Now we're with them on
of
our
com-
the government-owned-bricks-and-mortar
many, many things. So, the new world
I think, should
approach, we think that that has been tried,
order I think foresees a revitalized peace-
of prosperity in-
and we think in many instances it has
keeping function of the United Nations. But
by these
failed. We think it has built misery into the
I cannot and I will not predict a Soviet
system. You've seen programs in St. Louis
Union going back, turning its back on
that at one time looked good, and then they
reform-perestroika-turning its back on
had to tear them down in their entirety.
glasnost—openness. I don't believe, no
talking with an
So, I would like to encourage support for
matter what the ferment in the Soviet
'Neill, the other
this new approach which empowers the
Union today, that they're ever going to go
to
be
now
people and I think will lead to far more
back to that. And I don't think anyone
and advocates
housing.
there wants to go back to that.
rticularly of your
New World Order
And so it would envision, though, much
foreign policy in
more cooperation between the United
me
to
ask
Q. Mr. President, you have talked several
States and the Soviet Union. And on mat-
fundamental
to
times about basing the future on a new
ters of the Gulf, in international matters,
housing and con-
W
world order. Can you give us a definition of
not bilateral, it envisions a greatly enhanced
it
was
in
1982.
a new world order? And if it depends on
peacekeeping function of the United Na-
at
least
20
per-
the collaboration between the Soviet Union
tions itself.
definition
145
to
anwo
cont.
Feb. 6 / Administration of George Bush, 1991
One of the reasons we have SO much sup-
the problems in Congress, do you think
port for this is that we went to the United
there's a possibility, in view of the fact that
Nations 12 times. There are 12 resolutions
they have fulfilled that commitment, that
that speak to the Gulf, and that has mobi-
Congress will authorize business with the
lized world opinion. And so when we are
Soviet Union on the same basis that we
successful in fulfilling all 12 of those resolu-
trade with other countries somewhere
tions, I think there's going to be new credi-
along the line here?
bility for that peacekeeping function, new
The President. The provisions of-what
credibility for the United States. But we
they have agreed to do is pass legislation
should have and should strive to have
that will, I think as you put it, codify this.
Soviet cooperation all along the way. And
They have not been able to do that. I think
that's why I'm not going to back off on my
they've got some internal problems inside
efforts to try to improve relations with the
the Soviet Union on this. Under our law,
Soviet Union.
they have to be passed before we can have
Then we've left China out of the equa-
the kinds of trade agreements and other
tion, and we ought not to do that. They've
things with them that we would like to
been through a difficult time. I took on
have.
some shots for trying to keep relations from
I think you make a very good point on
China. I was offended as anybody else was
the fact of emigration. The Israelis are
by the human rights abuses at Tiananmen
pleased. The Israelis have started up-taken
Square and spoke out on it. But I think it is
a step through consular relations for diplo-
in the interest of the United States to have
matic relations, and they're very happy
continued relations with China. And I think
with the exodus, and so am I, as one who
it is vital to this new world order that that
have been very much concerned about the
veto hold-member of the Security Council
exodus of Soviet Jews to Israel and to other
go along and be with us on these matters of
trying to bring peace to troubled corners of
places.
the world.
I don't want to overstate the problems of
the present. I can tell you it would be ex-
Soviet-U.S. Trade
traordinarily difficult to pass anything of
Q. Mr. President, this is a followup ques-
this nature in terms of waivers given the
tion having to do with Soviet trade. The
current situation inside the Soviet Union. It
Jackson-Vanik amendment-the Jackson-
is very difficult to do. You see all kinds of
Vanik bill-has been in effect since 1972;
legislation getting talked about and some
really, in effect, says that we cannot have
perhaps already being offered that would
normal trade with the Soviet Union until
indeed move the relationship backwards
they have permitted free emigration from
not towards understanding of this nature.
their country.
So it is my fervent hope that problems that
There's no question but what the Jackson-
I've outlined earlier in the Baltics can be
Vanik legislation has played a role in Gorba-
resolved peacefully and demonstrably so, so
chev's decision to free emigration. So in
that we can get on with finding ways to
that sense, it has been a success. Now the
improve our trade relations.
emigration rate from Israel is about 600,000
a year, which is 10 times more than we
Defense Spending
asked for. And most of the religious organi-
Q. Mr. President, with the end of the
zations that I know are saying they're very
cold war, many Americans believe we
happy with it and very well satisfied. And
might be able to reduce our spending on
as a matter of fact, Prime Minister Shamir
national defense, creating a so-called peace
of Israel has said publicly that he thinks it's
dividend. Has the Gulf war and the prob-
totally satisfactory.
lems inside the Soviet Union delayed or
There doesn't seem to be much possibili-
eliminated the chance for a peace dividend,
ty that they're going to get around to codi-
or do you see it long-term?
fying that, but it's the custom in Russia for
The President. No, we've actually-well,
100 years that emigration is an administra-
let me to dividend in a minute. But in
tive decision. I'm wondering, recognizing
terms of-I always had a different concept
146
Administration of George Bush, 1991 / Feb. 27
ralism
potentiary for Europe; Eugen Dijmarescu,
this organization and transform a nation
Romanian Minister of State for Economic
through community service. And what a
es face
Orientation; George Varga, president and
terrific job you've done.
their
chief executive officer of Tungsram Co.,
Looking around the room today, peeking,
nistra-
Ltd., Hungary; Haile Aguilar, general man-
before I came in here, I see so many famil-
t and
ager of the Warsaw, Poland, Marriott Hotel;
iar faces, so many people that are making a
fforts.
Drew Lewis, chairman of the board of the
difference in the lives of others. Every man
er to
Citizens Democracy Corps; David S.
and woman here believes in the power of
ing of
Gergen, editor-at-large for U.S. News &
the individual, and is bolstered by the con-
busi-
World Report; Deputy Secretary of the
viction that America is indeed a land of
got to
Treasury John E. Robson; Deputy Secretary
opportunity. For more than 200 years,
tinues
of State Lawrence S. Eagleburger; Bruce S.
America has been the home of free markets
arten-
Gelb, Director of the U.S. Information
and free people. And there is no question:
great
Agency; and Ronald W. Roskens, Adminis-
Opportunity in America is the envy of the
on of
trator of the Agency for International De-
entire world.
uwait,
velopment.
e that
The
The story of America has been the story
of opportunity. Throughout our history,
ote of
Gult
never
aedeting
we've pioneered the frontiers of liberty for
body
Remarks at a Meeting of the
anwo
all humanity. Our Founding Fathers cre-
ated perhaps the most simple yet profound
f the
American Society of Association
document in modern history-our Constitu-
have
Executives
tion and Bill of Rights. Abraham Lincoln
mo-
February 27, 1991
broke forever the chains of human slavery.
nd I
The suffrage movement made the promise
te to
Thank you very, very much. And what a
of democracy a reality for women. The
ation
wonderful reception. And I interpret that, I
abso
founders of our public schools unleashed
think properly, the same way I interpreted
our national potential through universal
story.
the applause at the State of the Union mes-
education. And by their struggle for equal
con-
sage-as strong support for those men and
rights, the leaders of the civil rights move-
ng it
women that are serving our country over-
ment helped bring dignity to the oppressed
ying
seas. And now the war is almost over, and I
hese
and disenfranchised. The story of opportu-
think we owe them a vote of thanks, and I
nity in America is the story of Thomas
here.
think I heard it right now. So, thank you,
has
Paine and Frederick Douglass, Clara
Bill, and I'm just delighted to be here.
for-
Barton, the Wright brothers, Rosa Parks.
I want to shift and talk about domestic
that
But it doesn't end there, with these
matters. And Bill, I couldn't help but glance
e on
at this marvelous quilt coming in here, and
heroes from our past. There are the new
with
I do think that we owe you and all the
American heroes of today, many of them in
others in the association a vote of thanks for
this room. And they, too, are inspired by
following through and, indeed, being points
pride, integrity, faith in the dignity of man,
in
of light.
and courage-yes, courage to overcome the
fice
I want to salute our Attorney General
odds. It's called leadership by example-and
to
who is with us today; our two able Secretar-
it's made America the world's great beacon
slav
ies SO concerned also about what we're talk-
of freedom.
ing about today, Secretaries Kemp and Sul-
These modern visionaries are the ones
onal
livan: Ted Sanders, who is doing a superb
that are making history-propelling us into
vak
job as our Acting Secretary at Education;
the next American century. Theirs is a
and
and, of course, my old friend, a man so
movement-it's more than 200 years old-
om-
well-known to all of you, Bob Woodson of
as old as the Declaration of Independ-
adl,
the Center for Neighborhood Enterprise.
ence-a movement defined by what Jeffer-
in
You know, it's hard to believe that a year
son called "the American mind" and what
lish
has passed since the challenge Bill men-
I've been calling "the American idea." It
ator
tioned, since I challenged the members of
continues to sweep our country today with
ASAE to channel the tremendous energy of
a vigor as strong as ever. It's a vision driven
221
Feb. 27 / Administration of George Bush, 1991
burg, put it this way: "nothing happens
Seven months ago, America and the
unless first a dream." Our mandate is to
world drew a line in the sand. We declared
make the dream a reality.
that the aggression against Kuwait would
We face a new century, a new American
not stand. And tonight, America and the
century. Half a world away, our allied
world have kept their word.
troops face a defining moment in the new
This is not a time of euphoria, certainly
world order And they are succeeding in
not a time to gloat. But it is a time of pride:
their battle because each and every one of
pride in our troops; pride in the friends
them possesses a pride in their country, in-
who stood with us in the crisis; pride in our
tegrity in their cause, and courage in their
nation and the people whose strength and
heart.
resolve made victory quick, decisive, and
Our troops will be home soon-coming
just. And soon we will open wide our arms
home to a grateful nation. And I want to
to welcome back home to America our
ensure that their return is to a land of equal
magnificent fighting forces.
opportunity. And just as they have stood to
No one country can claim this victory as
safeguard our freedom-the world's free-
its own. It was not only a victory for Kuwait
dom-let us stand with pride, integrity, and
but a victory for all the coalition partners.
courage in our hearts and expand the free-
This is a victory for the United Nations, for
doms of all Americans. It's up to each of us
all mankind, for the rule of law, and for
to secure the triumph of "the American
what is right.
idea." And that idea is opportunity.
After consulting with Secretary of De-
With God's help and yours, we will suc-
fense Cheney, the Chairman of the Joint
ceed. Thank you all very much. And may
Chiefs of Staff, General Powell, and our coa-
God bless our troops, and may God bless
lition partners, I am pleased to announce
the United States of America.
that at midnight tonight eastern standard
time, exactly 100 hours since ground oper-
Note: The President spoke at 11:08 a.m. in
ations commenced and 6 weeks since the
the Grand Ballroom at the J.W. Marriott
start of Desert Storm, all United States and
Hotel. In his opening remarks, he referred
coalition forces will suspend offensive
to R. William Taylor, president of the
combat operations. It is up to Iraq whether
American Society of Association Executives;
this suspension on the part of the coalition
Attorney General Dick Thornburgh; Secre-
becomes a permanent cease-fire.
tary of Housing and Urban Development
Coalition political and military terms for a
Jack Kemp; and Secretary of Health and
formal cease-fire include the following re-
Human Services Louis W. Sullivan.
quirements:
Iraq must release immediately all coali-
tion prisoners of war, third country nation-
als, and the remains of all who have fallen.
Address to the Nation on the
Iraq must release all Kuwaiti detainees. Iraq
Suspension of Allied Offensive Combat
also must inform Kuwaiti authorities of the
Operations in the Persian Gulf
location and nature of all land and sea
mines. Iraq must comply fully with all rele-
February 27, 1991
vant United Nations Security Council reso-
Kuwait is liberated. Iraq's army is defeat-
lutions. This includes a rescinding of Iraq's
August decision to annex Kuwait, and ac-
ed. Our military objectives are met. Kuwait
ceptance in principle of Iraq's responsibility
is once more in the hands of Kuwaitis, in
to pay compensation for the loss, damage,
control of their own destiny. We share in
and injury its aggression has caused.
their joy, a joy tempered only by our com-
passion for their ordeal.
The coalition calls upon the Iraqi Govern-
ment to designate military commanders to
Tonight the Kuwaiti flag once again flies
meet within 48 hours with their coalition
above the capital of a free and sovereign
counterparts at a place in the theater of
nation. And the American flag flies above
operations to be specified, to arrange for
our Embassy.
military aspects of the cease-fire. Further, I
224
A lanwo
March 1 / Administration of George Bush, 1991
U.S. Bush says
Press Conference on the Persian Gulf
Q. Mr. President, you've always said that
Conflict
you were not targeting Saddam under the
March 1, 1991
U.N. mandate and that the coalition has no
claim on Iraqi territory. Is that still the
The President. Good afternoon. In the
case?
hours since we suspended military oper-
The President. We are not targeting
ations in the Kuwaiti theater of war, consid-
Saddam, and we have no claim on Iraqi
erable progress has been made in moving
territory.
towards a cease-fire and postwar planning.
Q. Well, will you try to hunt him down
As our forces moved into Kuwait City, and
for any kind of war crimes trial?
as the faces of these jubilant Kuwaiti citi-
The President. No, I'm not going to say
zens have warmed our hearts, the coalition
that. Not hunt him down, but nobody can
leaders started the arduous task of address-
be absolved from the responsibilities under
ing the next stages of the Persian Gulf situa-
international law on the war crimes aspect
tion.
of that.
As a first order of business this afternoon,
Q. Mr. President, along that line, the re-
I want to thank the American people for
ports of atrocities in Kuwait apparently go
the affection and support that they have
far beyond the horror stories that you've
shown for our troops in the Middle East. In
already described in recent weeks. Who will
towns and cities across this nation, our citi-
be held accountable for those, perhaps,
zens have felt a sense of purpose and unity
other than Saddam? And do you think that
in the accomplishment of our military that
the allied forces will hold any part of south-
is a welcome addition to the American
ern Iraq as a security zone for any time?
spirit. And as our service men and women
The President. I think on the first ques-
begin coming home, as they will soon, I
tion, the first part, I agree that the reports
look forward to the many celebrations of
are just sickening that are coming out of
their achievement.
Kuwait. We have been concerned about it.
In the meantime, we are focused on the
Early on in all of this I expressed the con-
many diplomatic tasks associated with
cerns that I felt. But I think we'll just have
ending this conflict. General Khalid, Gener-
to wait and see because I think the persons
al Schwarzkopf, and other coalition military
that actually perpetrated the tortures and
leaders of our forces in the Gulf will meet
the insidious crimes will be the ones that
with representatives of Iraq tomorrow
are held responsible. Now, how you go
afternoon, March 2d, in the theater of oper-
about finding them-but I think back to the
ations to discuss the return of POW's and
end of World War II; that process took a
other military matters related to the cease-
long time to evolve, but justice was done. I
fire. We will not discuss the location of the
can't say it was complete; can't say every-
meeting for obvious security reasons. But
body that committed a war crime was tried.
this is an important step in securing the
But it's a very complicated process. But the
victory that our forces have achieved.
answer is, the people that did it. Now, a lot
Work is proceeding in New York at the
of them obviously took off and fled out of
United Nations on the political aspects of
Kuwait. But some of the Kuwaitis know
ending the war. We've welcomed here in
who they were, so we'll have to wait and
Washington this week the envoys of several
see on that one.
of our close friends and allies. And shortly,
And what was the second part, Terry
Secretary Baker will be leaving for a new
[Terence Hunt, Associated Press]?
round of consultations that I am confident
Q. The second part was about a security
will advance planning for the war's after-
zone. You've had all this destruction. Is
math. Again, and as I said Wednesday
there any thought of establishing a security
evening, the true challenge before us will
zone to protect-
be securing the peace.
The President. On the question of securi-
So, thank you very much. And now who
ty zone and arrangements out there, these
has the first question? Helen [Helen
matters will be discussed when Jim Baker is
Thomas, United Press International]?
out there with the coalition partners. I
234
Administration of George Bush, 1991 / March 1
know whether
will be-there
the Middle East, and that includes all three
of these categories. And whether it proves
new world order. Can you tell us, do you
So we are going
to be a peace conference or some bolder
envision a new era now of using U.S. mili-
to see if they
oncerns.
new idea, time will tell. But we are begin-
tary forces around the world for different
conflicts that arise?
ning very serious consultations on this.
you are pushing
In terms of rebuilding Iraq, my view is
The President. No, I think because of
for economic sanc-
this: Iraq, had they been led differently, is
what has happened, we won't have to use
of war repara-
basically a wealthy country. They are a sig-
U.S. forces around the world. I think when
holding over
nificant oil producer. They get enormous
we say something that is objectively cor-
leverage for com-
income. But under Saddam Hussein and
rect, like don't take over a neighbor or
this Revolutionary Council, they have elect-
you're going to bear some responsibility,
just want compli-
ed to put a tremendous amount of their
people are going to listen because I think
and compliance
treasure into arms. And they've threatened
out of all this will be a newfound-put it
that is, to release
their neighbors. And now they invaded-up
this way, a reestablished credibility for the
these that have
to now had invaded a neighbor.
United States of America.
purse, we want the
And so, Iraq has a big reconstruction job
So, I look at the opposite. I say that what
ustice.
to do. But I'll be honest with you-at this
our troops have done over there will not
Cable News Net-
point I don't want to see one single dime of
only enhance the peace but reduce the risk
told this may be
the United States taxpayers' money go into
that their successors have to go into battle
But good luck to
the reconstruction of Iraq.
someplace.
Now, you want to talk about helping a
Q. But surely, you don't mean that you
reciate that.
child, you want to to talk about helping
would be reluctant to do this again.
talked a great deal
disease, something of that nature, of course,
The President. Do what again?
months and weeks
the United States will step up and do that
Q. Send troops if you thought you needed
time-what you
which we have always done-lay aside the
to.
a postwar Middle
politics and help the health-care require-
The President. I think the United States is
wo questions. First
ments or help children especially. But not
always going to live up to its security re-
Hussein is toppled,
reconstruction-they must work these
quirements.
he question-what
things out without any help from the Amer-
Q. Sir, I'm struck by-I know these are
U.S. helping to
ican taxpayer.
serious topics, but I'm struck by how
dly, how do you
Q. If I may follow, Mr. President, you've
somber you feel-you seem, at least here.
conference for the
said your argument has never been with
the Iraqi people.
And I was wondering, aren't these great
with these larger
The President. Right.
days? Is this the highlight of your life?
at you said would
Q. That the United States did not seek
[Laughter] How does this compare to being
he table once this
the destruction of Iraq.
back? swept out of the ocean a couple of years
the second one of
The President. Exactly.
the whole concept
Q. If Saddam Hussein is gone and the
The President. You know, to be very
Iraqi people appear to need help because of
honest with you, I haven't yet felt this won-
to the rest of the
this crisis in leadership that you spoke
derfully euphoric feeling that many of the
d say it relates to
about, why not, if not contributing-
American people feel. And I'm beginning
it relates to the
The President. Well, we'll give a little
to. I feel much better about it today than I
rly, it relates to
free advice. [Laughter] And the advice will
did yesterday. But I think it's that I want to
into the family of
be: Use this enormous oil resource that you
see an end. You mentioned World War II-
gs are going to be
have. further develop your oil resource and
there was a definitive end to that conflict.
coalition partners
discussing it, as I
other natural resources, live peacefully, and
And now we have Saddam Hussein still
use that enormous money to reconstruct
there-the man that wreaked this havoc
that have been
and do the very questions you're asking
upon his neighbors. We have our prisoners
about. And in addition to that, pay off these
still held. We have people unaccounted for.
mans don't have
e very good ideas
people that you have so badly damaged.
So, I'm beginning to feel that the joy that
rs can be brought
They've got a big role ahead of them there.
Americans all feel now is proper. It has to
That's the way I look at it.
do with a new, wonderful sense of patriot-
my determination
Q. Mr. President, today you declared an
ism that stems from pride in the men and
play a very useful
end to the Vietnam syndrome and, of
women that went over there. And no ques-
estion of peace in
course. we've heard you talk a lot about the
tion about it, the country's solid. There isn't
any antiwar movement out there. There is
237
Desest Storm
wast'st
anus test
passed.
Week Ending Friday, March 8, 1991
if
we
Radio Address to United States Armed
when he began burning Kuwait to the
Forces Stationed in the Persian Gulf
ground and intensifying the murder of its
Region
people, the coalition faced a moral impera-
March 2, 1991
tive to put a stop to the atrocities in Kuwait
once and for all. Boldly, bravely, you did
Never have I been more proud of our
just that-and when the rubber met the
troops, or more proud to be your Com-
road, you did it in just 6 weeks and 100
mander in Chief. For today, amid prayers
decisive hours.
of thanks and hope, the Kuwaiti flag once
The evil Saddam has done can never be
again flies high above Kuwait City. And it's
forgotten. But his power to attack his neigh-
there because you and your coalition allies
bors and threaten the peace of the region is
put it there.
today grievously reduced. He has been
Kuwait is liberated. And soon hometowns
stripped of his capacity to project offensive
across America will be welcoming back
military power. His regime is totally dis-
home the finest combat force ever assem-
credited, and as a threat to peace, the day
bled-Army, Navy, Coast Guard, Marines,
of this dictator is over And the bottom line
Air Force-the brave men and women of
is this: Kuwait's night of terror has ended.
the United States of America.
Thomas Jefferson said that the price of
Saddam Hussein's dreams of dominating
freedom is eternal vigilance. We must
the Middle East by the terror of a nuclear
remain vigilant to make absolutely sure the
arsenal and an army of a million men
Iraqi dictator is never, ever allowed to stoke
threatened the future of our children and
the ashes of defeat into the burning embers
the entire world. And the world was faced
of aggression. The sacrifice you've already
with a simple choice: If international law
made demands nothing less. The sacrifice of
and sanctions could not remove Saddam
those who gave their lives will never be
Hussein from Kuwait, then we had to free
forgotten.
Kuwait from Saddam Hussein.
Saddam made many mistakes. But one of
And that's exactly what you did. Through-
the biggest was to underestimate the deter-
out 7 long and arduous months, the troops
mination of the American people and the
of 28 nations stood with you, shoulder to
daring of our troops. We saw in the desert
shoulder in an unprecedented partnership
what Americans have learned through 215
for peace. Today we thank you-for the vic-
years of history about the difference be-
tory in Kuwait was born in your courage
tween democracy and dictatorship. Soldiers
and resolve. The stunning success of our
who fight for freedom are more committed
troops was the result of superb training,
than soldiers who fight because they are
superb planning, superb execution-and in-
enslaved.
credible acts of bravery.
Americans today are confident of our
Federal
The Iraqi Army was defeated. Forty-two
country, confident of our future, and most
Part
divisions were put out of action. They lost
of all, confident about you. We promised
Docu-
3,000 tanks, almost 2,000 armored vehicles,
you'd be given the means to fight. We
The
more than 2,000 artillery pieces. And over
promised not to look over your shoulder.
irnished
half a million Iraqi soldiers were captured,
We promised this would not be another
for
year,
defeated, or disarmed. You were as good as
Vietnam. And we kept that promise. The
Print
advertised-you were indeed, "Good to
specter of Vietnam has been buried forever
copy
"
go."
in the desert sands of the Arabian Penin-
This is a war we did not seek and did not
sula.
ap-
want. But Saddam Hussein turned a deaf
Today, the promise of spring is almost
ear to the voices of peace and reason. And
upon us, the promise of regrowth and re-
245
Mar. 2 / Administration of George Bush, 1991
newal: Renewed life in Kuwait. Renewed
vestigate possible cures for disease, promote
prospects for real peace throughout the
the safety of our highways and air travel,
Middle East. And a renewed sense of pride
and lead the fight against illicit drug traf-
and confidence here at home. And we are
ficking. Federal employees also provide
committed to seeing every American sol-
vital support to the members of our Armed
dier and every allied POW home soon-
Forces and, in so doing, help to guarantee
home to the thanks and the respect and the
our national security and military prepared-
love of a grateful nation and a very grateful
ness. The recent success of Operation
President.
Desert Storm underscores our debt to the
Yes, there remain vital and difficult tests
able and loyal work of Federal employees.
ahead, both here and abroad-but nothing
This week we express both our pride in
the American people can't handle. America
public service and our appreciation for all
has always accepted the challenge, paid the
those men and women who serve their
price, and passed the test. On this day, our
fellow Americans as Federal employees.
spirits are high as our flag, and our future is
The Congress, by Senate Joint Resolution
as bright as Liberty's torch. Tomorrow we
51, has designated the week beginning
dedicate ourselves anew, as Americans
March 4, 1991, as "Federal Employees Rec-
always have and as Americans always will.
ognition Week" and authorized and re-
The first test of the new world order has
quested the President to issue a proclama-
been passed. The hard work of freedom
tion in observance of this week.
awaits. Thank you. Congratulations. And
Now, Therefore, I, George Bush, Presi-
God bless the United States of America.
dent of the United States of America, do
hereby proclaim the week beginning March
Note: The President recorded this address at
4, 1991, as Federal Employees Recognition
9:15 a.m., March 1, in his private study at
Week. I call upon all Americans to observe
the White House. It was broadcast at noon,
this week with appropriate ceremonies and
March 2, over the Armed Forces Radio Net-
activities, in grateful recognition of the
work.
dedicated service provided to the Nation by
employees of the Federal Government.
In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set
my hand this first day of March, in the year
Proclamation 6255-Federal
of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-
Employees Recognition Week, 1991
one, and of the Independence of the United
States of America the two hundred and fif-
March 1, 1991
teenth.
By the President of the United States
George Bush
of America
A Proclamation
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Regis-
ter, 3 p.m., March 4, 1991]
The strength and effectiveness of the
United States Government depends, in
Note: This proclamation was released by the
great part, on the knowledge, dedication,
Office of the Press Secretary on March 4.
and skill of Federal employees. Whether
they serve here at home or in posts abroad,
employees of the Federal Government con-
tribute substantially to the social, political,
and economic stability of our Nation and to
Remarks at a Meeting of Veterans
the protection of U.S. interests around the
Service Organizations
world.
March 4, 1991
Each and every American benefits daily,
in numerous ways, from the work of Feder-
Thank you very much for that warm wel-
al employees. It is these dedicated public
come. Looking at this array of speakers up
servants who issue Social Security checks,
here, I can't imagine there's anything left
ensure the safety of food and medicine, in-
for me to say, because I understand that
246
Administration of George Bush, 1991 / Mar. 4
to a fate tha
mong America's great Revolutionary War
In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set
is in store for
heroes. Their fierce love for the land and
my hand this fourth day of March, in the
with Saddam
their fervent devotion to the cause of free-
year of our Lord nineteen hundred and
n with a dic-
dom and independence were shared by
ninety-one, and of the Independence of the
against a
hundreds of other settlers from the region
United States of America the two hundred
that became our 14th State.
and fifteenth.
ur victory, I
Vermont's dedication to freedom was also
fact that we
evident in its first constitution-written in
George Bush
have pride,
1777, it forbade slavery and adopted uni-
but we are
versal male suffrage. Indeed, by the begin-
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Regis-
to rub it in.
ning of the Civil War, in which it played a
ter, 11:16 a.m., March 5, 1991]
inciple. And
major role, Vermont had a long-standing
doing what's
reputation as one of the most firmly aboli-
e've got to
tionist States. The 16 Vermont regiments
those coun-
dispatched to the Union Army during the
Nomination of Donald J. Yockey To Be
around the
Civil War represented the highest number
Under Secretary of Defense for
of troops per capita of any State. Ver-
Acquisition
stic support.
monters not only fought bravely for the
an in these
March 4, 1991
preservation of the Union and for an end to
slavery, they also made vital contributions
The President today announced his inten-
at the pivotal Battle of Cedar Creek.
:48 p.m. in
tion to nominate Donald Jay Yockey, of
Over the years, countless other Ver-
California, to be Under Secretary of De-
tive Office
arks, he re-
monters have made outstanding contribu-
fense for Acquisition at the Department of
tions to our country. Distinguished natives
Defense in Washington, D.C. He would suc-
stant to the
of the Green Mountain State include the
ceed John A. Betti.
Affairs.
loquent Stephen Douglas, remembered by
Since 1990 Mr. Yockey has served as
many for his forceful arguments during the
Deputy to the Under Secretary of Defense
historic Lincoln-Douglas debates; the inven-
for Acquisition at the Department of De-
tor, Thomas Davenport; Presidents Calvin
fense. From 1966 to 1990, Mr. Yockey
Coolidge and Chester Arthur; and Warren
served with Rockwell International in sev-
R. Austin, the first United States Represent-
eral capacities: senior vice president and
ative to the United Nations.
special assistant to the president; director of
Today, Vermonters take just pride in
the astrionics division; and officer of the
tates
their heritage as a State committed to the
corporation.
ideals of freedom and unity. That heritage
Mr. Yockey graduated from the Universi-
goes hand in hand with a rich legacy of
ty of Oklahoma (B.A., 1960). He was born
growth and development. Beloved by mil-
January 6, 1921, in Buffalo, NY. Mr. Yockey
blic of Ver-
lions of visitors for its breathtaking moun-
served with the U.S. Air Force, 1947-1966.
ur Union-
tains and unspoiled beauty, Vermont is also
Mr. Yockey is married, has four children,
irteen. The
home to a number of vital industries, rang-
and resides in Potomac, MD.
education
edom and
ing from electronics to agricultural produc-
history of
tion.
Knowledge,
portant
its people.
In recognition of Vermont's contributions
science
the Union.
to the United States and in commemoration
at devotion
of its Bicentennial, the Congress, by Senate
Remarks at the Westinghouse Science
tanwo
the United
Joint Resolution 58, has designated March 4,
Talent Search 50th Anniversary
Banquet
1991, as "Vermont Bicentennial Day," and
endence. as
has authorized and requested the President
March 4, 1991
dom since
to issue a proclamation in observance of this
contribu
day.
Thank you. Please be seated. Let me just
his Greer
nters who
Now, Therefore, I, George Bush, Presi-
say how pleased I am to be here, salute the
es of Ben-
dent of the United States of America, do
members of my Cabinet here, Secretary
hereby proclaim March 4, 1991, as Vermont
Sullivan; and Governor and Mrs. Sununu;
membered
Bicentennial Day.
Dr. Bromley, outstanding Science Advisor
to the President; Dr. Seaborg, an old friend
249
Administration of George Bush, 1991 / Mar. 4
aul Teschar
the
artificial
year taxes our credulity and seems to
This budget will help freedom work at
to Raymond
presage the arrival of that period when
home. And yet this freedom has also helped
make life
human improvement must end." He went
advance the cause of liberty abroad. For
reached for
on to urge that the Patent Office be liqui-
evidence, look halfway around the world at
nerations
dated-even Ripley wouldn't believe this—
of
the Persian Gulf, where achievements in
to
them
[laughter]-because, he allegedly believed,
science are responsible for the high-tech
affirms that
there was nothing else to be invented.
[Laughter]
equipment which has served our military so
recipients
well.
Today, all of us know better. We realize
ght have re-
this nation has no natural resources like its
In the past, some have urged that we
Three have
intellectual resources. So, we must, and are,
depend more for our protection on theories
Academy
of
assisting the knowledge that is our most en-
of deterrence than technologies of defense.
also been
during legacy, vital to everything we are
Well, thank God that when those Scuds
emy of Sci-
and can become.
came in, the people of Israel and Saudi
on's highest
The Nation's Governors and I have set a
Arabia had more to protect them than some
goal-a national goal-for U.S. students to
abstract theory of deterrence.
he noted
be number one in the world in math and
You just go over to Riyadh or Tel Aviv.
reat and in-
science learning by the year 2000. And we
And a theory didn't protect those citizens.
who labor
can achieve it. We will achieve it. To start
Patriot missiles born of technology did. Be-
what all of
with, we will achieve it through our own
cause of science and technology, because of
dom works.
National Educational Excellence Act that I
American creativity, thousands of innocent
in all, were
will soon send up to Congress. Last fall
civilians-priceless human lives-have been
tries. Many
Congress acted favorably on our initiative
spared. The Patriot and other missiles show
am or base-
for a National Science Scholars program,
how American innovation stems from
heir church
which will give America's youth a special
American inspiration.
created re
ncentive to excel in science, math, and en-
If the cause of peace is to continue being
the trail-
gineering.
served by American military power, it must
ne heroes of
We will also achieve this goal through re-
continue being advanced by American
search and development in all areas of sci-
brain power. Ask our troops in the Gulf-
ero Beach.
ence, technology, and engineering. Last
yes, those finest soldiers, sailors, airmen,
grown in
month, I submitted our new budget to the
marines, coastguardsmen any nation has
lutants and
Congress, and it includes special emphasis
ever had. Today, all of us are especially
generation.
on math and science education. We propose
grateful that 10 coalition POW's, including
at the same
an increase of $225 million for math and
several Americans, are on their way back
ara Bahna-
science education, new funding for R&D
home. And our remaining POW's should
xplored the
that totals $76 billion. including a record
not be far behind. Welfare of our troops
titude and
high of over $13 billion for basic science
was our top priority in the war. And as we
exas-right
research.
forge a new peace, all of them will be on
district-
Our budget will continue our basic com-
our minds until all of them are back home.
to with
mitment to double the funding for the Na-
Each of these brave men and women know
salt water.
tional Science Foundation: devote over $16
how science and technology brought closer
recently
billion for major space activities, and that's
freedom's ultimate victory.
one of the
up 15 percent over last year; and support
Ask, too, those other great heroes, our
tacarotene
the development of worthy ideas from elec-
teachers. Each day they give perhaps the
the risk of
tric powered vehicles to high performance
greatest gift of sharing their knowledge
computing to the human genome project. It
with others. And ask, finally, America's stu-
how learn-
gives more money than ever to the small
dents and parents. They know that while
ver a con-
science research-research by individuals
learning is very practical, it is also among
om works.
embodied, if you will, by the Westinghouse
mankind's most noble endeavors. It can
er dreams
Science Talent Search. And it urges Con-
presage a new golden age-a bold, new
at fact. In
ress to provide the 28-percent increase I
world order where creativity flows more
is made .1
seek to raise the quality of precollege math
than ever from the human heart and mind.
he said.
and science education. which we must do if
Over the past half-century, scientific
m year to
American science and technology will con-
breakthroughs have benefited us all. From
tinue to lead the world.
the first radar to pioneering advances in
251
Administration of George Bush, 1991 / Mar. 6
that
let
Appointment of David M. Carney as
campaign, Mr. Kaufman helped direct pri-
hei-
Special Assistant to the President and
mary efforts in Massachusetts, Connecticut,
death
Director of the Office of Political
Pennsylvania, and Michigan. Currently he
penal-
Affairs
serves as the Republican national commit-
March 5, 1991
teeman for the State of Massachusetts. Mr.
Kaufman attended Bridgewater State Col-
our
ideas
package.
The President today announced the ap-
lege after graduating from Quincy Junior
pointment of David M. Carney as Special
College in Quincy, MA. In addition, Mr.
getting
it
Assistant to the President and Director of
Kaufman serves as a member of the board
you
this:
the Office of Political Affairs at the White
of trustees for Quincy Junior College.
bill.
House in Washington, DC.
Mr. Kaufman is a lifelong resident of
down.
Mr. Carney has been the Acting Director
Quincy, MA. He and his wife Alison have
fight-
of Political Affairs since June 1, 1990. Prior
two daughters, Carlin, 11, and Kathryn, 10.
them
to
to assuming that position, he served as Spe-
cial Assistant to the President and Deputy
The
warrest
message
I
Director of the Office of Political Affairs.
is
The
stoon
and
cities
Before joining the President's staff, Mr.
Address Before a Joint Session of the
and
local
Carney was deputy chief of staff to Gover-
Congress on the Cessation of the
anwo
tools
that
nor John H. Sununu. He served on Gover-
Persian Gulf Conflict
all
nandatory
nor Sununu's personal staff for 7 years, and
plea-bar-
was the field director for Governor Sun-
March 6, 1991
for
hei-
unu's four statewide campaigns in New
reased
Hampshire. He is a 1982 graduate of New
Speaker Foley. Mr. President, it is cus-
re-
and
pris-
England College in Henniker, NH. Current-
tomary at joint sessions for the Chair to
will
be
ly Mr. Carney serves as a member of the
present the President to the Members of
punished.
New England College Board of Trustees.
Congress directly and without further com-
ment. But I wish to depart from tradition
another
Mr. Carney, a resident of Hancock, NH,
is
resides in Arlington, VA, with his wife,
tonight and express to you on behalf of the
the
Lauren. The Carneys are expecting their
Congress and the country, and through you
to the members of our Armed Forces, our
first child this spring.
both
warmest congratulations on the brilliant vic-
American
tory of the Desert Storm Operation.
to
roll
Members of the Congress, I now have the
and
stand
high privilege and distinct honor of present-
and
chil-
Appointment of Ronald C. Kaufman as
ing to you the President of the United
by
block,
Deputy Assistant to the President for
States.
kids,
Political Affairs
The President. Mr. President. And Mr.
your
back
the
March 5, 1991
Speaker, thank you, sir, for those very gen-
oods
from
erous words spoken from the heart about
objective.
The President today announced the ap-
the wonderful performance of our military.
pointment of Ronald C. Kaufman as Deputy
Members of Congress, 5 short weeks ago
Assistant to the President for Political Af-
I came to this House to speak to you about
wanted
fairs at the White House in Washington,
the state of the Union. We met then in time
for
all
you
DC.
of war. Tonight, we meet in a world blessed
this
great
Mr. Kaufman has served as Deputy Assist-
by the promise of peace.
God
bless
ant to the President for Presidential Person-
From the moment Operation Desert
much.
nel since February 1989. Prior to joining
Storm commenced on January 16th until
the President's staff, Mr. Kaufman served as
the time the guns fell silent at midnight 1
the northeast regional political director for
week ago, this nation has watched its sons
the 1988 Bush-Quayle campaign. During
and daughters with pride-watched over
President Reagan's first term, Mr. Kaufman
them with prayer. As Commander in Chief,
p.m.
in
served as the national political director for
I can report to you our armed forces fought
ashington
the Republican National Committee and
with honor and valor. And as President, I
referred
later coordinated Vice President Bush's re-
can report to the Nation aggression is de-
election campaign in 1984. In the 1980
feated. The war is over.
257
Administration of George Bush, 1991 / Mar. 6
victims of war, for
and its neighbors so painful and intractable.
the suffering that
can make a difference. America will work
Yet, in the conflict just concluded, Israel
broud nation. We
tirelessly as a catalyst for positive change.
and many of the Arab States have for the
soldiers and their
But we cannot lead a new world abroad
first time found themselves confronting the
ents caught up in
if, at home, it's politics as usual on Ameri-
same aggressor. By now, it should be plain
we grieve for the
can defense and diplomacy. It's time to turn
to all parties that peacemaking in the
who have never
away from the temptation to protect un-
Middle East requires compromise. At the
be is that one day
needed weapons systems and obsolete
same time, peace brings real benefits to ev-
me them as friends
bases. It's time to put an end to micromana-
eryone. We must do all that we can to close
nations. Our com-
the gap between Israel and the Arab
gement of foreign and security assistance
Middle East does
states-and between Israelis and Palestin-
programs-micromanagement that humili-
ion of Kuwait. So
ians. The tactics of terror lead absolutely
ates our friends and allies and hamstrings
our key challenges
nowhere. There can be no substitute for
our diplomacy. It's time to rise above the
diplomacy.
parochial and the pork barrel, to do what is
together to create
A comprehensive peace must be ground-
necessary, what's right, and what will
ents in the region.
ed in United Nations Security Council Reso-
enable this nation to play the leadership
the Middle East
lutions 242 and 338 and the principle of
role required of us.
bear the bulk of
territory for peace. This principle must be
The consequences of the conflict in the
ional security. But
elaborated to provide for Israel's security
Gulf reach far beyond the confines of the
at just as we stood
and recognition and at the same time for
Middle East. Twice before in this century,
gression, so now
legitimate Palestinian political rights. Any-
an entire world was convulsed by war.
work with them to
thing else would fail the twin test of fairness
Twice this century, out of the horrors of
oes not mean sta-
and security. The time has come to put an
war hope emerged for enduring peace.
es in the Arabian
end to Arab-Israeli conflict.
Twice before, those hopes proved to be a
ean American par-
The war with Iraq is over. The quest for
distant dream, beyond the grasp of man.
ses involving both
solutions to the problems in Lebanon, in
Until now, the world we've known has been
means maintaining
the Arab-Israeli dispute, and in the Gulf
a world divided-a world of barbed wire
presence in the
must go forward with new vigor and deter-
and concrete block, conflict, and cold war.
for over 40 years.
mination. And I guarantee you: No one will
Now, we can see a new world coming
national interests
work harder for a stable peace in the region
into view. A world in which there is the
cure Gulf.
than we will.
very real prospect of a new world order In
control the prolif-
Fourth, we must foster economic devel-
the words of Winston Churchill, a world
SS destruction and
opment for the sake of peace and progress.
order in which "the principles of justice and
er them. It would
The Persian Gulf and Middle East form a
fair play protect the weak against the
f the Middle East
region rich in natural resources-with a
strong.
A world where the United Na-
w, in the wake of
wealth of untapped human potential. Re-
tions-freed from cold war stalemate-is
W arms race. Iraq
sources once squandered on military might
poised to fulfill the historic vision of its
Until Iraq con-
must be redirected to more peaceful ends.
founders. A world in which freedom and
aceful intentions—
We are already addressing the immediate
respect for human rights find a home
e new revenues to
economic consequences of Iraq's aggression.
among all nations. The Gulf war put this
enacing war ma-
Now, the challenge is to reach higher-to
new world to its first test. And my fellow
e access to the in-
foster economic freedom and prosperity for
Americans, we passed that test.
all the people of the region.
For the sake of our principles-for the
ork to create new
By meeting these four challenges we can
sake of the Kuwaiti people-we stood our
nd stability in the
build a framework for peace. I've asked
ground. Because the world would not look
I announced Op-
Secretary of State Baker to go to the Middle
the other way, Ambassador al-Sabah, to-
xpressed my hope
East to begin the process. He will go to
night, Kuwait is free. And we're very happy
war might come
listen, to probe, to offer suggestions-to ad-
about that.
e. We've learned
vance the search for peace and stability.
Tonight, as our troops begin to come
aphy cannot guar-
I've also asked him to raise the plight of the
home, let us recognize that the hard work
ty does not come
hostages held in Lebanon. We have not for-
of freedom still calls us forward. We've
gotten them, and we will not forget them.
learned the hard lessons of history. The vic-
epth of bitterness
To all the challenges that confront this
tory over Iraq was not waged as "a war to
te between Israel
region of the world there is no single solu-
end all wars." Even the new world order
tion-no solely American answer. But we
cannot guarantee an era of perpetual peace.
next page
259
Administration of George Bush, 1991 / Mar. 7
we
Soon, very soon, our troops will begin the
and radio. A tape was not available for
be.
In
march we've all been waiting for-their
verification of the content of the address.
and
march home. And I have directed Secretary
more
Cheney to begin the immediate return of
no
place
out
to
American combat units from the Gulf. Less
than 2 hours from now, the first planeload
Sor
proc-
nuclear weapons in anwo
home.
of American soldiers will lift off from Saudi
White House Statement on Weapons of
their
Arabia, headed for the U.S.A. It will carry
Mass Destruction
pride.
men and women of the 24th Mechanized
March 7, 1991
all
Infantry Division bound for Fort Stewart,
our-
Georgia. This is just the beginning of a
The United States has taken a major step
steady flow of American troops coming
in its continuing efforts to halt the spread of
people
home. Let their return remind us that all
weapons of mass destruction with the issu-
how
those who have gone before are linked with
ance of regulations extending export con-
roducts
us in the long line of freedom's march.
trols over chemicals, equipment, and other
nd-class.
Americans have always tried to serve, to
assistance that can contribute to the spread
we
sacrifice nobly for what we believe to be
of missiles and chemical and biological
talent.
right. Tonight, I ask every community in
weapons.
this country to make this coming Fourth of
Saddam Hussein's use of chemical weap-
em-
July a day of special celebration for our re-
ons against his own citizens, his use of Scud
patri-
turning troops. They may have missed
missiles to terrorize civilian populations,
soldiers
Thanksgiving and Christmas, but I can tell
and the chilling specter of germ warfare
and
you this: For them and for their families,
and nuclear weapons have brought home
-shaking
we can make this a holiday they'll never
the dangers proliferation poses to American
here
is
forget.
interests and global peace and stability.
the
In a very real sense, this victory belongs
feel
to-
to them-to the privates and the pilots, to
Our continuing efforts to stem the spread
the sergeants and the supply officers, to the
of weapons of mass destruction will contrib-
veryone
men and women in the machines, and the
ute to the construction of a new world
he
men and women who made them work. It
order. The new regulations will enhance
men
honor
belongs to the regulars, to the reserves, to
our ability to head off these dangers so that
the National Guard. This victory belongs to
in the future we will not be forced to con-
the
each
the finest fighting force this nation has ever
front them militarily as we have in Iraq. At
known in its history.
the same time, the new regulations are sen-
Let
us
We went halfway around the world to do
sitive to the importance of U.S. exports to
what is moral and just and right. We fought
our economic vitality and will not unfairly
serving
hard and, with others, we won the war. We
restrict legitimate commerce.
creeds
lifted the yoke of aggression and tyranny
The expanded U.S. export controls apply
of
this
from a small country that many Americans
to equipment, chemicals, and whole plants
and
had never even heard of, and we shall ask
that can be used to manufacture chemical
nothing in return.
or biological weapons, as well as to activities
on
the
We're coming home now-proud, confi-
of U.S. exporters or citizens when they
of
four
dent, heads high. There is much that we
know or are informed that their efforts will
They
must do, at home and abroad. And we will
assist in a foreign missile or chemical or
tears
do it. We are Americans.
biological weapon program.
the
May God bless this great nation, the
But the United States cannot do the job
sol-
United States of America. Thank you all
alone. Our experience in the Gulf has rein-
"It's
very, very much.
forced the lesson that the most effective
right
export controls are those imposed multilat-
America,
Note: The President spoke at 9:12 p.m. in
erally. The administration has therefore ini-
are
a
the House Chamber at the Capitol. He was
tiated vigorous efforts to obtain allied sup-
a
gen-
introduced by Thomas S. Foley, Speaker of
port for chemical and biological weapon
and
the House of Representatives. The address
export controls in the Australia Group, mis-
was broadcast live on nationwide television
sile export controls in the Missile Technolo-
261
The U.K.
Mar. 7 / Administration of George Bush, 1991
is in a bleader about
ninety-one, and of the Independence of the
Remarks Upon Presenting the
United States of America the two hundred
Presidential Medal of Freedom to
and fifteenth.
Margaret Thatcher
George Bush
March 7, 1991
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Regis-
The President. Ladies and gentlemen and
ter, 11:05 a.m., March 8, 1991]
so many distinguished guests, and members
of this administration, and friends of what is
indeed a special relationship. Particularly to
Sir Denis Thatcher and Mark and Diane
Thatcher, and above all, the greengrocer's
Message on the Observance of
daughter who shaped a nation to her will.
St. Patrick's Day, 1991
America's highest civilian award is the
March 7, 1991
Medal of Freedom. And we are here to
present it to one of the greatest leaders of
I am delighted to send warm greetings to
our time. For over 11 of the most extraordi-
everyone celebrating St. Patrick's Day.
nary years in British history, she helped
Although the greatest wave of Irish emi-
freedom lift the peoples of Europe and the
gration took place during the mid-19th cen-
world. Former Prime Minister Margaret
tury, the United States has enjoyed the con-
Thatcher, we are delighted you are with us
tributions of Irish immigrants and their de-
today.
scendants since the beginning of the Colo-
She has been called the Iron Lady-irre-
nial Era. Serving in our Nation's War for
pressible, at times incorrigible, always in-
Independence and later helping to build its
domitable. [Laughter] She summoned the
railroads, canals, and industries, Irish Ameri-
best in the human spirit-speaking for our
cans have long demonstrated a capacity for
values and our dreams. Once she said,
hard work, as well as a strong penchant for
"Turn if you like; the lady's not for turn-
full, spirited, and upright living. The Ameri-
ing." And she wasn't. Instead, the free
can author and abolitionist, Lydia M. Child,
world turned to her-for counsel, for cour-
once fondly observed: "Not in vain is Ire-
age, for leadership that proclaimed a belief
land pouring itself all over the Earth
in right and wrong-not a devotion to what
The Irish, with their glowing hearts and
is popular.
reverent credulity, are needed in this cold
It has been said that great leaders reflect
age of intellect and skepticism."
their time. Margaret Thatcher did. She also
Today, those tender sentiments still ring
transformed her time as few leaders ever
true. Thus, St. Patrick's Day is more than a
have. Consider the 1980's and early nine-
time of stirring memories and good cheer;
ties-a golden age of liberty. Remember
it is also a time when we honor those sons
what she meant and how she mattered.
and daughters of Ireland who, inspired by a
Hers was not merely among Britain's finest
passion for liberty and opportunity, crossed
hours. She helped mold perhaps democra-
the Atlantic to build new lives on these
cy's finest era.
shores. Indeed, on this day, Americans of
Think first of what she meant to the
every background join with Irish Americans
place that Shakespeare called "this blessed
to celebrate their rich cultural heritage and
plot, this earth, this realm, this England."
our Nation's continued friendship with the
She didn't create spirit in the British
people of the Emerald Isle.
people-it's been there for a millennium.
Barbara joins me in sending our best
But Margaret Thatcher believed in it and
wishes to all for an enjoyable and memora-
once again unleashed it.
ble St. Patrick's Day. God bless you.
She cherished human dignity and self-de-
termination. So, when an antidemocratic
George Bush
military moved against the Falkland Islands,
Britain met the challenge. And she sought
Note: An original was not available for ver-
to decrease what government must do and
ification of the content of this message.
increase what the individual may do. So she
264
Administration of George Bush, 1991 / Mar. 7
put private roofs over British heads-and
Prophet and crusader, idealist and realist,
restored economic pride to British hearts.
this heroic woman made history move her
to
Like her successor, John Major, she be-
way.
lieved passionately in free enterprise. And
Prime Minister, there will always be an
SO she used it to renew British initiative and
England, but there can never be another
national pride. Margaret Thatcher didn't
Margaret Thatcher. Thank you for all
tlemen
and
merely make Britain a leader in the new
you've done.
members
world order-she defined the essence of the
And now I have the great privilege to ask
of
what
is
United Kingdom.
Commander Ross to read the citation on
ticularly
to
Think next of what she meant to us-
the Medal of Freedom. We're delighted
and
Diane
what she meant to America. Mrs. Thatcher
you're here.
eengrocer's
understood the ties that bind our nations—
Commander Ross. The President of the
to
her
will.
moral and economic, political and spiritu-
United States of America awards this Presi-
is
the
al-so she defended America, helped in-
here
dential Medal of Freedom to the Right
to
spire it. No country could have had a more
leaders
of
Honorable Margaret Thatcher. Three times
valiant comrade in arms. No President-as
elected Prime Minister of the United King-
extraordi-
another great leader, Ronald Reagan, could
she helped
dom, Margaret Thatcher led her country
attest-could ask for a better friend.
and
the
with fearlessness, determination, integrity,
We will never forget her courage in help-
and a true vision for Britain. In over a
Margaret
ing forge a great coalition against the ag-
with
decade of achievement, she extended pros-
us
gression which brutalized the Gulf. Nor will
I forget one special phone conversation that
perity at home and made signal contribu-
I had with the Prime Minister. In the early
tions to transatlantic partnership, the unity
Lady-irre-
days of the Gulf crisis-I'm not sure you
of the West, and overcoming the postwar
always in-
moned
the
remember this one, Margaret. In the early
division of Europe. With a strong sense of
for
our
days of the Gulf crisis I called her to say
her nation's history and of the principles
she
said,
that though we fully intended to interdict
which brought it to greatness, she restored
for
turn-
Iraqi shipping, we were going to let a single
confidence to the British people.
The United States honors a steadfast and
the
free
vessel heading for Oman enter port down
for
at Yemen-going around Oman down to
true ally and a firm friend of political and
cour-
a
belief
Yemen-let it enter port without being
economic freedom throughout the world.
to
what
stopped. And she listened to my explana-
Signed, George Bush, The White House,
tion, agreed with the decision, but then
Washington, DC, 7 March 1991.
reflect
added these words of caution-words that
Prime Minister Thatcher. Mr. President,
She
also
guided me through the Gulf crisis, words
ladies and gentlemen, I am so very honored
eaders
I'll never forget as long as I'm alive. "Re-
to receive the Presidential Medal of Free-
ever
early
nine-
member, George," she said, "this is no time
dom of the greatest country in the free
Remember
to go wobbly." [Laughter]
world. And thank you, Mr. President, for
mattered.
Those who work with me in the White
the wonderful things you have said, includ-
finest
House know we use that expression often
ing that wobbly bit. [Laughter]
democra-
and have used it during some troubling
It's a double honor to receive this medal
days. And never, ever will it be said that
from the hands of a President whose stead-
to
the
Margaret Thatcher went wobbly. [Laugh-
fast leadership has just won the victory of
this
blessed
ter]
freedom that will rank with the greatest in
England."
Finally, think of what Margaret Thatcher
history. And I am especially moved to re-
the
British
meant to the world. Her resolution and
ceive it in the White House, which in addi-
millennium.
dedication set an example for all of us. She
tion to its powerful historical association has
in
it
and
showed that you can't lock people behind
many sterling memories for me personally.
walls forever when moral conviction uplifts
It was here with you and your predecessor
self-de-
their souls. And she knew tyranny is power-
that I embarked on the adventure of restor-
and
idemocratic
less against the primacy of the heart.
ing the economy and the defenses of the
and
Islands,
Margaret Thatcher helped bring the cold
free world against the many threats that
she
sought
war to an end, helped the human will out-
faced us a decade ago.
do
and
last bayonets and barbed wire. She sailed
We've overcome many difficulties since
do.
So
she
freedom's ship wherever it was imperiled.
those early days and faced many crises. The
265
concept me U.N. by
The
was
295
tablishment-
Week Ending Friday, March 15, 1991
3-18
Interview With Middle Eastern
tration and this great country and people,
ey-301
Journalists
for what you have done. I believe this is an
308
March 8, 1991
historical stand. And as our Ambassador has
said, you will go into history as a great
The President. I wanted to just say a
leader and a great man.
word of welcome to you all, and be glad to
Sir, my first question is, the coalition has
thank you for coming all this way. I think
won the war, and I believe we have a great
the best thing is just to go ahead and start,
battle ahead of us, that is, to win the peace.
301
though I might say at the beginning that
What kind of arrangement do you foresee
the coalition that was put together to stand
the United States, the coalition, and the
up against the aggression has been, in my
Gulf States and, of course, the Arabs would
view, historic. There were a lot of predic-
have for security arrangements within the
296
tions early on that one or another country
Gulf States and the Arab States?
would pull away or that it would fracture in
The President. I think this is a time, as
some-and you come to me on a day when
Abraham Lincoln once said in our history,
I have great gratitude in my heart to the
to think anew. And we are starting to think
leaders of the coalition countries-well, I
anew by dispatching our Secretary of State
guess all the countries from which you've
James A. Baker III] to the region. There
against
come having had forces there-Morocco, of
course, in a special role, not a part of the
will not be a United States plan to bring
coalition per se but nevertheless in the de-
peace to Lebanon, to the Gulf, or to the
fense of Saudi Arabia, having some soldiers
Israeli-Palestine question. There will not be
on the ground. That's a distinction that I
a single, sole U.S. plan. We want to be an
wanted to say to you, sir, we understand
instrumental part of it. We think, given
eases-318
uncements-
and respect.
what's happened in the Gulf, perhaps we
But in any event, those forces that did
have more credibility to be a part of it.
end up in the battle did very well. There
When I spoke at our meeting to the joint
were predictions that some might not want
session of Congress the other day, I spoke
to engage in the battle, and they did, and so
about our interest in being a catalyst for
we are very grateful. And I keep saying two
peace. And that's what Baker is out there to
things: One, this is not a U.S. effort by itself.
do.
And secondly, our argument was never
I would love to think that the day would
with the people of Iraq; it was with Saddam
come when the Israeli-Arab world hostility
Hussein [President of Iraq].
could end. And that's going to take compro-
I make this point because the Iraqis tried
mise on both sides. We are very openmind-
to make it them-I mean "them" including
ed as to how that should be brought about.
all Arabs-against the United States. And I
When I talked about territory for peace,
will resist that until time immemorial. Be-
that wasn't exactly a new statement. We
cause there's a feeling of gratitude and af-
have been proponents of Resolutions 242
of
the
Federal
fection to the Arab world because so many
and 338 for a long time, and so have other
1 CFR Part
there stood with us against this evil. But
countries, many other countries-I'd say
of
Docu-
now. look, I came to answer your questions,
most every country, but then some have
DC
20402.
The
and I'll try to do so.
pulled away from them. So, we're going to
will be furnished
($96.00
for
Who wants to go first?
push, after consultation, in trying to get
$68.75
per
year,
common ground with our coalition partners
vernment
Print-
Security in the Persian Gulf
and then with Israel and others, to push on
a
single
copy
is
Q. Sir. my colleagues have elected that I
all three fronts.
of
material
ap-
speak first. I would like to take the opportu-
Obviously, the security in the Gulf is
Documents
nity to thank you personally, the adminis-
quite different. I will repeat-I don't want
275
Mar. 10 / Administration of George Bush, 1991
of Kuwait]; the case of the Kingdom [of
So, part of this new world order has been
Saudi Arabia], with King Fahd himself; a
moved forward by a United Nations that
close relationship with Mubarak-I hope
functioned. We might have still been able
that the United States will-and I think it is
to stand up and come to the assistance of
true in Morocco, although we had a little
Kuwait-the United States. I might have
different standing for Morocco in this—I
said to hell with them, it's right and wrong,
hope that there will be a recognition that
it's good and evil, he's evil, our cause is
we're credible friends. And this is an impor-
right; and without the United Nations, sent
tant point, that we have credibility. When
a considerable force to help. But it was an
we say we'll do something, we'll do it, we
enhanced-it is far better to have this col-
mean it.
lective action where the world-not just the
And that is an important point as to how
Security Council but the whole General As-
the U.S. interacts with the Middle East
sembly stood up and condemned it.
from now on, it seems to me. If they say
So, part of it is these more viable interna-
they're going to do what they say they'll do,
tional organizations. And that is where we
I think that is important. I think a lot of lip
are now. Then how we build on it is the
service was given to that point, but for vari-
questions that will be coming up, trying to
ous reasons, including global reasons-Viet-
give our share of the answers when Jim
nam. People would-"Look, hey, do they
Baker comes back from these consultations.
really mean this? Are they really going to
Q. And what is the lesson which we
follow through?" And I think that our credi-
learned from this crisis?
bility should be such in the area that we
The President. Well, the one key lesson is:
can work closely now as credible allies,
Aggression will not stand. You don't bully
credible friends.
your neighbor. You don't swagger around
New World Order
the neighborhood with an arrogance and
back it up by overwhelming force without
Q. Mr. President, the Gulf war is the first
paying a price. Same thing you learned in
of its kind to take place in the context of
the school yard when you were over there
the new world order. How did the new
in Egypt. One guy came out and tried to
world order influence the way the world
beat the hell out of you when you're in the
dealt with this crisis? And what is the main
third grade, and you'd wait for a while, and
lesson learned from the Gulf war?
then somebody would hit him and he'd go
The President. The new world order said
back into his shell and he wouldn't do it
that a lot of countries-disparate back-
again. And that is what happened in this
grounds, with differences-can come to-
case. Same thing.
gether, standing for a common principle,
Q. Mr. President, I am too greedy. I want
and that principle is: You don't take over
to make two questions.
another country by force. So, the new
The President. You've got it. [Laughter]
world order, to the degree it's emerged, so
They have another way of doing it over
far. has been enhanced by this single con-
here, saying "and a followup," you know.
cept that we're going to unite, no matter
They'll ask you something unrelated and
what other differences we may have had,
call it a followup so they can get two.
what the bilateral problems may have been,
and we're going to stand up against aggres-
Syria-U.S. Relations
sion.
Q. You made a step toward Syria and a
It was enhanced by a more viable United
good-relationship with them. How do you
Nations, a United Nations where the big
see now the relation between the United
powers didn't automatically go against each
States and Syria regarding Lebanon, espe-
other. In the cold war days, we'd say this is
cially?
black and the Soviets would say, hey, that's
The President. We've had some differ-
white. And you'd have a veto, and nothing
ences with Syria that we have spoken very
would happen. And the peacekeeping
frankly about regarding terrorism and other
dreams of the founders of the U.N. were
things. I think that because we were able to
dashed.
work together with Syria here and we did
282
Dr. Wiesel
Mar. 17 / Administration of George Bush, 1991
endorges concept The of
anw
And I'm amazed but never surprised at
The President. It's a great honor to re-
the incredible things our people do. Our
ceive this. And it's a special honor for me to
success in the war showed that we take a
receive it from you, a man I admire greatly.
backseat to no one when it comes to cour-
Thank you, sir, very very much.
age, ingenuity, dedication to principle. But
Dr. Wiesel. And this is the citation.
it also showed that we do great things when
Dear Mr. President: At another time, in
we trust our people. We would not have
another age, another President declared
enjoyed such success if someone had tried
that "Victory has a thousand fathers." But
to micromanage the war from Washington,
the most recent American triumph in the
DC. We entrusted the operations to Sum-
Gulf had only one father. And yet we are
ter's products and heirs, and look where we
here today not only because you have
are today.
And I'm proud to say that we did it with-
brought about that magnificent victory. We
of the Foundation have wished to honor
out arrogance around the world. We led
without gloating or arrogance. And I think
you long before Saddam Hussein invaded
that's an American tradition as well.
Kuwait, thus becoming a symbol of dictator-
You know-let me just say this in finale-
ship and oppression.
look around you. Here is today's triumph
Mr. President, 10 months ago, we invited
but also tomorrow's hope. Here's what we
you to accept this award because we per-
fight for: family, friends. Here is what we
ceived in you those qualities that the whole
love.
world now celebrates today-your moral
Thank you again for letting me be a part
courage and unshakeable resolve. We knew
of this emotional homecoming. I'll never
that we shared the common belief that the
forget it as long as I live. God bless each
world must change, not only for the United
and every one of you. Thank you very
States and for the West, but for all human-
much.
ity.
Among the tasks our Foundation has set
Note: The President spoke at 4:32 p.m. at
for itself is the unrelenting examination of
Sumter Memorial Stadium. In his remarks,
the roots of hate. Why are some nations
he referred to Rubin Gray, chairman of the
trapped in a circle of evil? Why are some
Sumter County Council; Maj. Gen. Thomas
peoples the continual targets for persecu-
Olsen, vice commander, 9th Air Force and
tion? Why do tyrannies flourish in some
Central Command Forces; Gen. H. Norman
parts of the world and not in others?
Schwarzkopf, commander of the U.S. forces
These are the vital questions of our era-
in the Persian Gulf; Mary Jo Horner, wife
of any era. The difference is that for the
of Lt. Gen. Charles Horner, commander,
first time in this tortured century we are
9th Air Forces and Central Command Air
truly on the threshold of "a new world
Forces; and President Saddam Hussein of
order," to use your inspiring and memora-
Iraq.
ble phrase.
Thanks to you, Mr. President, small na-
tions feel more secure. Thanks to you, evil
has been dealt a dramatic blow. Thanks to
Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony
you, Mr. President, the last decade of the
for the Elie Wiesel Foundation
20th century may well be remembered for
Humanitarian Award and an Exchange
its quest for peace rather than its obsession
With Reporters
with violence and death.
March 18, 1991
As for Israel, Mr. President, I am sure
that you are aware of the depths of our
Dr. Wiesel. This is the award presented
involvement with her trials and struggles.
to you, Mr. President. It reads: "To George
We thank you for your understanding of
Bush, for he defends the victims of dictator-
those trials and struggles. We thank you for
ship and oppression with passion, courage,
the Patriots. We thank you for helping to
and fervor. Elie Wiesel Foundation for the
rescue Jews from Ethiopia and the Soviet
Humanity. March 18, 1991."
Union.
328
Mar. 18 / Administration of George Bush, 1991
what he's found in the Arab countries, what
the coalition partners. But broadly speak-
he's found in Israel.
ing, people know what is required. I would
Q. He spoke during his trip of a window
like to see us reduce the flow of weapons
of opportunity here to try to find elements
into the area, which is an important-could
of peace. Is that window narrow? Does that
be an important part of this. But there are a
window close after a certain length of time
lot of other difficult points.
here just because, in part, of some of the
Iraq must pay reparations or pay dam-
frustrations and failures of the past in that
ages. The more one looks at the environ-
region?
mental terrorism that they embraced, that
The President. Well, I think the longer
they brought about, the more the world un-
one waits to take any initiatives, the danger
derstands that they have got to do some-
is things revert back to a status quo. And I
thing about that. So how do you do it? Well,
think that will be unacceptable. And so
they are potentially a wealthy country. The
we're working on these two tracks as it re-
trouble is they've taken all that wealth and
lates to the State of Israel, trying to get
spread it into weapons and then into ag-
peace going between countries that had
gression. And the aggression has been
been at war and then try to have sugges-
checked, but now we've got to see that
tions for the solution of the Palestinian
question that has avoided us for a long, long
they use their resources for helping their
time-avoided the countries and various in-
own people. And that's a little complicated,
dividuals in the area.
given the three areas of contest right now-
almost combat right now-the south, up to
So, we're going to try. But I'm not put-
the north, and then some in Baghdad itself.
ting any timeframe on this, Norm [Norm
Sandler, United Press International]. All I'm
So anyway, all of these areas have to be
saying is that while people are thinking
dealt with. And we're trying. We're begin-
peace and while it is clear that a major
ning to go to work on all of them.
threat has been diminished, we ought to try
Q. Mr. President, do you think Arab
to move forward now. And I like very much
countries are willing to talk to Israel, and is
the-I would say, the endorsement by Dr.
there a genuine reciprocal view?
Wiesel of this concept of a new world
The President. Well, Secretary Baker had
order, because encompassed in that are
countries living at peace that have hereto-
good discussions with Prime Minister
fore been at war. And that's what we're
Shamir on that. He had good discussions
going to be trying to
with the heads of many other governments
on that. Talked to the Soviets about that,
Q. Are you encouraged by the-
who still have an interest in the Middle
Q.
the talks with Syria?
East. And so we'll just wait and see how all
The President. Well, I think that there's
that develops. But I would hope that that
some good talks there. We still have differ-
would prove to be the case. Israel has re-
ences, as everyone knows. But let's find
stated its willingness to talk, and I think
common ground. Let's see if we can take
that's a very great thing.
these historic enmities and bring them-
eliminate them. And that's what we're
Thank you all.
going to try to do. But nobody is suggesting
Q. When will you go to the Middle East?
it's easy, including the Secretary of State,
The President. No plans yet. It's not set.
who tried very hard.
Q. What is the state of play, Mr. Presi-
dent, now on a permanent cease-fire? Are
Note: The President spoke at 10:10 a.m. in
you going to the U.N. this week?
the Oval Office at the White House. In his
The President. Well, there will be some
remarks, he referred to President Saddam
U.N. action this week, I think, or certainly
Hussein of Iraq and Prime Minister Yitzhak
U.N. consultation is already beginning. But
Shamir of Israel. A tape was not available
we've got to work out between the coali-
for verification of the content of these re-
tion partners, get common ground between
marks.
330
Poland
example
an
is
International
Administration of George Bush, 1991 / Mar. 20
anwo
Federal
Regis-
City, County, State, and Federal Govern-
in the name of millions who convey their
ment-particularly in areas such as educa-
admiration and love-the people of the
tion, transportation, and the fight against
United States.
drug abuse. In recent years, more and more
Two years ago, Lech Walesa became only
Americans have realized what many have
the second private citizen from abroad to
County
known all along: that the answer to many of
address a joint session of the Congress. And
the problems before us can be found, not in
he impressed us then with his commitment
bigger Federal Government, but in effec-
to goodness, his passion for the hard-fought
tive local leadership and cooperation be-
necessity we call democracy. Today he re-
tween citizens and public officials at all
States
turns as his nation's first democratically
levels. Indeed, we know that government
elected President.
closest to the people is truly government
"of the people, by the people, and for the
Mr. President, you have led by principle
people." This is the essence of federalism
and example. You created a solidarity of
just begin-
role in our
and democracy, and it is the key to meeting
spirit that inspired millions of Poles to risk
many of the challenges and opportunities
their lives in steel mills, shipyards, and ten-
has a
before our country.
ements and towns. And after winning the
United
States.
In recognition of the Nation's county gov-
fight for independence, you instilled the
forms
of
local
ernments, the Congress, by Public Law
sense of tolerance essential for letting de-
before
101-470, has designated the week of April 7
mocracy set down roots in an unsettled
divided
through April 13, 1991, as "National County
world. No wonder your countrymen sing to
or
counties
Government Week" and has authorized and
you, "Sto lat, sto lat"-may he live 100
counties in
requested the President to issue a procla-
years.
1643. Today
mation in observance of this week.
the
Nation's
But you also understand that the cause of
Now, Therefore, I, George Bush, Presi-
freedom cannot end at your own borders,
dent of the United States of America, do
early
part
of
and you proved it during the war in the
hereby proclaim the week of April 7
functions of
Persian Gulf. You joined us in demonstrat-
through April 13, 1991, as National County
the
adminis-
ing to the entire world that we cannot
Government Week. I call upon the Ameri-
and
the
permit aggression to stand. And you taught
can people and their elected representa-
f
roads.
In
your countrymen that the answer to tyran-
tives at all levels of government to observe
responsibil-
ny is international solidarity. And in the
this week with appropriate programs, cere-
have
grown
monies, and activities.
process, you helped shape a new world
order.
In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set
govern-
my hand this 19th day of March, in the year
That order, of course, began in Europe
eservation of
of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-
with the end of the cold war and the emer-
protection.
one, and of the Independence of the United
gence of a continent whole and free. You
govern-
States of America the two hundred and fif-
played a key role in helping Central and
communi-
teenth.
Eastern Europe join the commonwealth of
maintain
freedom. And you have worked hard to
systems; and
George Bush
build a prosperous land upon tyranny's
roblems such
ruins.
waste
dis-
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Regis-
This is not an easy task. In your New
many
ill,
ter, 10:13 a.m., March 20, 1991]
Year's Eve message, you talked of reform:
ericans, the
political reform-you've called for fully free
source of
parliamentary elections; intellectual reform
and
other
that can help man begin the hard work of
ssociation
of
Remarks at the Welcoming Ceremony
freedom; spiritual reform, honoring the
overnments,
for President Lech Walesa of Poland
One through whom all things are possible;
people,
March 20, 1991
and finally, you've spoken of economic
to provide
reform, upon which so much depends. In
President Bush. Mr. President, to all our
your address to Congress, you said, "We are
Week
is
a
Polish and American friends here today: A
not expecting philanthropy. But we would
ontinued im-
poet once wrote, "Let me address you in
like to see our country treated as a partner
between
the name of millions." Today, I address you
and friend."
339
The
relationship
d Poland
symbolic
us.
a
ands
Administration of George Bush, 1991 / Mar. 20
Honored Mr. Presi-
even say that they reached their peak in
Just as Poles supported America's quest
ch a nice welcome.
the whole of history. Our countries are
for freedom and liberty more than two cen-
iendly words. I am
linked by common values and the same
turies ago, so has America stood by Poland
gain on the hospita-
ideals. We are linked by friendly collabora-
during her long years of darkness. When
tion on the international arena. I would like
the Polish people began to reassert control
dent of a sovereign
this to be followed by a development of
over their national destinies, the United
lic of Poland, the
mutually advantageous economic coopera-
States committed itself to supporting their
first to challenge
tion.
pioneering efforts to secure their freedom
S building a system
Free Poland is becoming a country of
and to build a market economy and stable
and free enterprise.
new economic opportunities. It is worth to
democratic rule.
that it is America
broaden the cooperation with it, to trade
Poland and the United States share an
ne of my first trips
and to invest. I invite you to this coopera-
interest in maintaining stability and security
m of office. The
tion, for it is going to be advantageous to
in the new Europe, and in working for the
er 200 years, been
both sides.
further strengthening of peace on the conti-
rld how to build a
I know, Mr. President, that you're a sin-
nent. Our relations are based on the United
United States led
cere friend of Poland. I'm grateful to you
Nations Charter and principles of the Hel-
bn values of democ-
for your extremely goodwill interest in our
sinki Final Act and Paris Charter, including
our determination
problems. Our talks shall contribute to the
sovereign equality, territorial integrity, in-
om were the hope
strengthening of cooperation and the
violability of frontiers, non-intervention in
domination. It was
friendship of our nations.
internal affairs, and the rule of law. The
f the international
God bless you, Mr. President. God bless
United States attaches great importance to
d recently peace
America.
the consolidation and safeguarding of Po-
Gulf.
land's democracy and independence, which
superpower; her
Note: President Bush spoke at 10:12 a.m. at
it considers integral to the new Europe,
bal dimension. But
the South Portico of the White House, where
whole and free.
ral Europe to step
President Walesa was accorded a formal
Relations between Poland and the United
m. Poland is the
way for other na-
welcome with full military honors. Presi-
States have entered a new era of coopera-
dent Walesa spoke in Polish, and his re-
es from commu-
tion and partnership. The United States and
marks were translated by an interpreter.
Poland are committed to developing their
Following the ceremony, the two Presidents
self the burden of
new partnership through an enhanced po-
met in the Oval Office.
of a market econ-
litical dialogue and regular contacts in areas
the assistance of
of common interest.
ca-political, eco-
Poland and the United States share the
al.
conviction that the development of a
our debt burden
Declaration on Relations Between the
market economy in Poland is essential to its
l involvement in
United States of America and the
stability and security. The United States re-
a historical di-
Republic of Poland
affirms its continued strong support for Po-
great possibilities.
March 20, 1991
land's courageous program of economic
dially thank the
reform. The Polish Stabilization Fund, the
For over 200 years the United States and
Polish-American Enterprise Fund, and U.S.
e not completed
Poland have been bound by shared values
support in international financial institu-
y of Solidarity
and a commitment to the principles of de-
tions are among the tangible signs of that
onomic success.
mocracy, human liberty and the rule of law.
commitment.
t only to us; it is
The American Constitution of 1789 and the
Poland's firm commitment to an econom-
it is a condition
Polish Constitution of 1791 are enduring
ic reform program that enjoys the endorse-
needed by the
symbols of this special bond, which survived
ment and support of the International Mon-
ends its bound-
even during the long periods when Poland's
etary Fund has made possible the mobiliza-
of the continent,
independence and liberty were denied. Our
tion of substantial new financial and other
cracy and secu-
relations have been further sustained and
economic assistance from the international
enriched by the millions of Americans of
community. The United States and Poland
he Republic of
Polish descent who over the generations
have concluded a Treaty Concerning Busi-
tes have today
have helped create a free and prosperous
ness and Economic Relations and other key
war. One could
society in the United States.
agreements that should facilitate trade and
341
Mar. 20 / Administration of George Bush, 1991
investment needed for economic growth
pace of reform in general and the process
and prosperity.
of privatization in particular.
Poland is engaged in an economic trans-
Responding to requests for assistance
formation of historic proportions in which
from the Polish Government. the U.S. Gov-
its economic partners also have a key role
ernment provided over $300 million in
in assuring success. We therefore welcome
grant assistance in 1990 and offered sub-
the agreement of the Paris Club on the
stantial credits from the Export-Import
substantial reduction of Poland's foreign
Bank and the Overseas Private Investment
debt obligations, which represents an histor-
Corporation. The United States has begun
ic and exceptional step by the international
projects in agriculture, privatization, techni-
community to reinforce Poland's progress
cal training, and labor training, and concen-
toward democracy and the free market.
trated ventures in clean fossil fuels, and air
The United States and Poland are also
and water quality in the Krakow region.
committed to developing their new part-
All of these activities will continue in
nership through closer cultural, educational,
1991, but U.S. technical assistance will
and scientific contacts.
expand considerably as we begin new ef-
The United States and Poland are con-
forts to help restructure the Polish econo-
vinced that these principles will further
my. The United States will also substantially
strengthen the bonds of lasting friendship
increase the amount of funds available for
and cooperation between both states, as an
equity investment through the Polish-Amer-
integral element of the broader partnership
ican Enterprise Fund and will initiate new
that binds the United States and Europe
programs to encourage U.S. private sector
and of a new world order based on demo-
investment in Poland.
cratic values and the rule of law.
Assistance Activities
Washington, the 20th day of March, 1991.
1. Democratic Initiatives. U.S. programs
in this area will provide:
George Bush
Lech Walesa
-Equipment and training for the nation-
President of
President of
al legislature, focusing primarily on the
the United States
the Republic of
establishment of parliamentary proce-
of America
Poland
dures and the development of effective
research and information systems.
-Training for local and regional legisla-
Note: The declaration was made available
tures, city and regional managers, and
by the Office of the Press Secretary but was
other local public administrators in the
not issued as a White House press release.
basic skills of governance and adminis-
tration.
-Support for independent media, includ-
ing the establishment of a Media Re-
source Center in Poland.
White House Fact Sheet on United
2. Food Aid. In 1990, the United States
States Assistance to Poland
provided over $90 million in food aid to
March 20. 1991
Poland. This assistance was intended to help
stem Poland's declining standard of living
Recent Economic Developments
and ease the budget crunch by improving
the efficiency of private agriculture. Thanks
In 1990, Poland adopted and implement-
in part to the effect of the market on sup-
ed a comprehensive program of economic
plies, major food aid will not be needed in
reforms more extensive than that of any
1991.
other country in Central and Eastern
3. Stabilization Fund. The United States
Europe. The new government of President
granted $200 million to the Polish Stabiliza-
Walesa is taking important steps to further
tion Fund in 1990 as part of a U.S.-led mul-
the development of a market economy by
tidonor hard currency reserve in support of
placing special emphasis on speeding up the
the transformation of the economy. The
342
Administration of George Bush, 1991 / Mar. 25
nation which calls
kindled the light of democratic thought
appropriate ceremonies and activities in
ideals and values
among men. Our Nation's Founders were
honor of the Greek people and Greek inde-
Greek and the
well-schooled in classical languages and
pendence.
pt of democracy is
Greek literature, and the ideas of Solon,
In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set
Plato, Aristotle, and other Greek philoso-
our warmest reas-
phers and statesmen greatly influenced
my hand this 25th day of March, in the year
it commitment to
their own. Indeed, in his historic treatise on
of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-
historic efforts to
the Rights of Man, Thomas Paine wrote:
one, and of the Independence of the United
States of America the two hundred and fif-
ultimately prevail,
'What Athens was in miniature, America
teenth.
lion for the new
will be in magnitude. The one was the
you so arduously
wonder of the ancient world; the other is
George Bush
becoming the admiration and model of the
our prayer-con-
present." His words reflect the inspiration
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Regis-
and inspired
and insight that this Nation's Founders de-
ter, 4:06 p.m., March 25, 1991]
lead the world to-
rived from the ancient Greek city-states as
111 peace.
they worked to establish an enduring repre-
women
stationed
all.
sentative democracy in America.
in
Widely regarded as the "cradle of democ-
Military
at 11:26 a.m. in
racy," Greece stands today as a strong ally
Proclamation 6265-Women's History
White House. In
of the United States, aligned with us by its
Month, 1991
Gulfught for anwo
to Archbishop De-
commitment to freedom and human rights.
March 25, 1991
Greek Orthodox
is partners in the NATO Alliance, we have
nd South America
worked together to defend democratic
By the President of the United States
the United States
deals and to promote the collective securi-
of America
:y of Europe. Recently Greece also cooper-
ated with the United States and other na-
A Proclamation
tions in the historic coalition effort to
During Women's History Month we cele-
uphold the rule of law and to liberate
brate the many unique and vital contribu-
Kuwait from ruthless aggression. The
tions that women have made to our Nation.
wek
people of Greece can take pride in their
While this month is dedicated to all Ameri-
National Day of
country's role in this endeavor, carried out
nd American
can women, we pay special tribute to those
in enforcement of resolutions of the United
who have earned a noted place in history.
Nations Security Council.
We recall with admiration and respect
Today, as we join in commemorating the
women who were first in their fields, in-
170th anniversary of Greek independence,
cluding Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell, the first
uted States
we celebrate the continued friendship be-
woman in the United States to receive a
ween the Greek and American peoples.
medical degree; Elizabeth Ann Seton and
We also give thanks, knowing that the light
Emma Hart Willard, who were pioneers in
of democratic ideals continues to grow in
inited States and
education; Anne Macy Sullivan and Helen
trength and brilliance around the world.
udship based on
Keller, who advanced the training of the
In recognition of the 170th anniversary of
culture-ties forti-
blind and other persons with disabilities;
Greek Independence, the Congress, by
tion to the ideals
and Sophia Heath, who helped open doors
Senate Joint Resolution 59, has designated
for women in commercial aviation as well
uney. Our shared
March 25, 1991, as "Greek Independence
make the cele-
as in sports. We gratefully remember hu-
Day: A National Day of Celebration of
indence on March
manitarians such as Clara Barton, founder
Greek and American Democracy" and has
ill Americans.
authorized and requested the President to
of the American Red Cross, and we proudly
on this occasion
celebrate the artistic and literary genius of
issue a proclamation in observance of this
ist 170 years ago,
day.
women like Mary Cassatt and Flannery
O'Connor. We also remember with fond-
peoples of Greece
Now, Therefore, I, George Bush, Presi-
rooted far deeper
ness women like Clare Boothe Luce and
dent of the United States of America, do
was the ancient
hereby proclaim March 25, 1991, as Greek
Pearl Bailey, who not only earned respect
profound observa-
Independence Day: A National Day of
for their public service and diplomacy but
and their seminal
Celebration of Greek and American De-
also endeared themselves to millions
and justice, en-
through their wit, generosity, and conta-
mocracy. I urge all Americans to join in
gious love of life and learning. These are
367
of
George
Bush,
1991
just a few of the many women who have
do hereby proclaim March 1991 as
made lasting contributions to the United
Women's History Month. I call upon all
States, but their celebrated achievements
Americans to observe this month with ap-
underscore how every aspect of our nation-
propriate ceremonies and activities.
al life has been enriched by the creativity,
In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set
energy, and leadership of women.
my hand this twenty-fifth day of March, in
As we recognize the many outstanding
the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and
contributions that women have made to
American history and culture, we acknowl-
ninety-one, and of the Independence of the
United States of America the two hundred
edge with special gratitude the role women
and fifteenth.
have played in upholding the principles on
which the United States is founded. During
George Bush
the mid-19th century, women like Harriet
Tubman and Harriet Beecher Stowe
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Regis-
became heroines of the struggle against
ter, 11:23 a.m., March 26, 1991]
slavery; women such as Lucretia Mott and
Elizabeth Cady Stanton also advocated the
abolition of slavery as they championed
woman's suffrage. Of course, who can
forget the quiet determination of Rosa
Remarks and an Exchange With
Parks, whose courage and resolve in the
Reporters Prior to a Meeting With
face of bigotry gave heart to an entire social
Finance Minister Theo Waigel of
movement. Each of these women and
Germany
countless others worked to fulfill America's
March 26, 1991
promise of liberty and justice for all.
Today women continue to defend and to
The President. I wanted to take this op-
promote the ideals on which this Nation is
portunity publicly to thank you for Germa-
founded. Indeed, history will show that
those American women who served in the
ny's wonderful cooperation and financial
contribution as well as many other things
recent struggle to liberate Kuwait helped
during this Desert Storm. I understood
not only to deter ruthless aggression but
also to build a new world order based on
from day one the German position, and we
respect for human rights and the rule of
had very close consultations with the Chan-
law.
cellor. I know that you were in touch with
Advancing to new and ever greater posi-
Secretary Brady and others, and I am grate-
tions of responsibility in virtually every
ful for the financial support, but even more
field, women continue to uphold the Ameri-
for the understanding. It's not just restrict-
can ideals of liberty, equality, and justice.
ed to Desert Storm; it goes over into the
Most important, however, because it is
role you all are playing in terms of working
within the family that our Nation's most
out cooperatively the Polish debt. I don't
cherished values and traditions are passed
think Germany gets enough credit for
from one generation to the next, women
having been very, very understanding
help to preserve our American heritage by
about that—
nurturing in their children faith, moral
Q. Going to get any money back?
values, and a sense of civic duty. Thus, as
The President. -and other areas of co-
we celebrate the achievements of noted
operation. So please extend my best to the
women in American history, let us also ac-
Chancellor and wish him well.
knowledge with pride and gratitude the
Finance Minister Waigel. Thank you
contributions that SO many unsung heroines
very much. And I want to congratulate to
have made to our country through the insti-
the great success not only for your country
tutions of family and community life.
but for the whole of the world, as it was
Now, Therefore, I, George Bush, Presi-
very important for us. We are very happy
dent of the United States of America, by
with you.
virtue of the authority vested in me by the
Q. Mr. President, is there going to be any
Constitution and laws of the United States,
left over from the contributions?
368