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Drugs [OA 6903]
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323154433
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Drugs [OA 6903]
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13861-004
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Records of the White House Office of Speechwriting (George H. W. Bush Administration)
Carol Aarhus Alpha Files
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Originally Processed With FOIA(s):
FOIA Number:
S
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
Library Staff.
Record Group/Collection:
George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
Collection/Office of Origin:
Speechwriting, White House Office of
Series:
Aarhus, Carol, Files
Subseries:
Alpha File, 1990-1992
OA/ID Number:
13861
Folder ID Number:
13861-004
Folder Title:
Drugs
Stack:
Row:
Section:
Shelf:
Position:
G
19
2
5
2
Dear President Bush
I am a 14 year old student
at Connersville High School in Indiana.
I am writting you this letter because
this summer there was a tragic
accident and now my family is
torn apart. My 18 year old brother
was in accident on July 16, 1989.
He was being chased by a police
officer and wrecked on a motor cycle.
My brother's name is Jason Bishop,
Jason is now laying in Methodist
Hospital in Indianapolis in Indiana,
Jason has been in a Colma for two
months and 22 day on Oct 16 it
will be 3 months. You see Jason
had a cirog problem and it shocked
my parents to deat Most of all
Jason killed my family life. They
say he was high the day of
the accident at least thats
what one of his friends said
uno was talking to him that
day. I am writting you this
letter because of the drug
program you and trying to
put on.
Were a middle class family
and were not horting any with
money , and we were the type of
family who said this could never
happen to us, But you find out
it could happen to anyone of OS.
I don't know if yourdrog program
will do any good but at least
your trying. Some of Jasons
friends went and seen him in
the hospital that experience of
seeing him in Intensive care hasn't
changed them. Fhey still do dregs.
My family has been torn apart.
My parents cry all the time.
I wish my step-dad could tell
everyone in the world our story.
But as you so on you alway
find someone who has a more
painful story than yours.
Jason went to a rehabilitation
center in Indianapolis in Feb.
I think. Jason got kicked out
because he would not cooperate.
we thought it was Jason's
councelor but she was the right
one all along.
When Jason came home he
straightend up for a few weaks.
But after that he went back to
the Same old stuff. Ha left our
house because he knew he would
get kicked out. They had drugs
and he knew his dad would
tested him that day at school
find out. I could go on but
there isn't enough time or
paper. I pray and hope that
If you ever called here is
you will respond to my letter.
my number (317) 825-7102.
Jason will be normal. I Love to
My family prays each day that
help people and someday my wish
was to be a drag canselor.
But my parents I don't think
want me to do that and it's
hard to find a counseling job
and find sood money. Thank you
for reading my letter.
Brand: Sincerly Conley
Tampa's
Winning War
on Drugs
How this Florida
city is battling its
crack epidemic is a
HE FIRST TIME Abe Brown
model-and an
T
heard about crack cocaine, he
was conducting a "street min-
inspiration-
istry" on one of the most crime-
for all America
ridden blocks in Tampa, Fla.
A football coach turned dean of
By EUGENE H. METHVIN
students at the city's Chamberlain
High School, Brown spent his days
Brown recalled. "To buy crack,
dealing with classroom trouble-
women prostituted themselves
makers. But after school he donned
right out in the open."
his Baptist preacher's hat and took
Crack dealers concentrated in
the Bible message to Florida's
black neighborhoods where resi-
prisons and to Tampa's roughest
dents were apathetic and police were
neighborhoods.
overburdened. As demand grew, so
One day an ex-con warned Brown
did profits-and competition. Crack
about a new drug made from pow-
houses festered in abandoned build-
dered cocaine. "Coach," he said, "it's
ings and public housing. Open-air
so powerful people go crazy for it."
drug markets-"dope holes"-
In the summer of 1985, crack hit
sprang up. With a dozen or more
Tampa, a city of 280,000, like a
pushers lining a single intersection,
killer hurricane. Hooked by the
gun battles erupted over turf.
drug's instant rush, users turned to
Along East Lake Avenue at 28th
crime to support their addiction.
and 29th streets, young crack dealers
Between 1984 and 1986 robberies
worked the thoroughfare as though
almost doubled and murders
hawking programs at a football
soared 5I percent. "Addicts would
game. The customers were subur-
shoot their robbery victims simply
banites as well as inner-city residents.
because they had no money,"
Parents would drive in with their
56
children. Teachers, school-bus
"Whatever It Takes." In 1988,
drivers, stockbrokers, even city em-
after a year of organizing the black
ployees were seen buying.
community, Brown presented
When a network-television
Tampa Mayor Sandy Freedman
news program wanted to show the
and other city and county officials
extent of America's drug problem,
with petitions signed by 4000 citi-
it used film from Tampa.
zens demanding action and prom-
Brown watched cocaine babies
ising cooperation.
born, children abandoned, families
As an initial step, the mayor
ravaged. Foraging addicts stripped
persuaded a local company to do-
neighborhoods like locusts.
natę demolition equipment to raze
He had had enough. One sleep-
abandoned buildings being used as
less night in June 1987, Brown be-
crack houses. Driving a bulldozer,
gan to plot a massive community
Freedman tore into the first
mobilization. Through the years
building herself. The destruction
the 60-year-old minister had be-
continued round-the-clock under
come a folk legend for his tireless
floodlights, with neighbors ap-
efforts to bridge the city's racial
plauding. In three days the wreck-
gap. "Brown has Judgment Day
ers smashed dozens of buildings.
eyes, the kind that bore through a
At that time, however, Tampa
person," wrote a Tampa Tribune
was unable to mount a sustained
reporter. "His deep voice elicits
attack. The police had only 30 nar-
'yes, sirs' and 'amens.''
cotics officers, out of a force of 725,
As a start, Brown called 150
to patrol the city's IIO square miles.
interested citizens to a local church.
Spread too thin, the officers were
"Law ceases to exist after dark in
simply pushing drug dealers from
our communities," he proclaimed.
one corner to another. "Our people
"The drug dealers are ruling our
are dying," Brown told Tampa's
streets. Why? Because we sit and do
white leadership. "If you don't help
nothing!"
us now, crack will invade your
The assemblage helped form
community too."
Citizens for a Decent Community
His prophecy soon came true.
(CDC) to "regain control of our
Two days after Christmas 1988,
neighborhoods." The members
Theresa Robertson, a 30-year-old
knocked on thousands of doors and
white baby-sitter from the suburbs,
organized scores of meetings. Fear-
drove with her three charges, ages
ful at first, many citizens told the
six months to seven years, to a
CDC, "These dealers have guns.
public-housing dope hole to buy
They might shoot us if we act
crack. As she pulled up to the curb,
against them."
a 17-year-old dealer snatched her
"If our kids aren't worth dying
gold necklace, firing his pistol
for," replied Brown, "what is?"
through her car window. The bullet
57
READER'S DIGEST
July
struck one-year-old Sebastian
neighborhoods. "Why are the deal-
Placker in the spine, paralyzing him.
ers here?" the police asked. "What
The shooting produced new re-
gives them a strategic advantage?"
solve on all sides. In January 1989
Typically, on one corner a store
Public Safety Director Bob Smith
owner stocked dusty canned goods
and top police commanders cob-
and moldy bread. Dealers sat out
bled together a bold scheme to
front and used the store phone to
increase the police force by 13 per-
call for more inventory. A jungle-
cent and create neighborhood
like lot offered hiding places for
anti-drug units. Called QUAD
drugs and scores of trails for dealers
Squads-for Quick Uniform At-
to flee through.
tack on Drugs-the shock troops
The squad arranged to have the
would consist of 4I officers as-
building closed for code violations,
signed to four city quadrants.
and state-prison work gangs
Backed by detective units and uni-
cleared the overgrown lot. In two
formed patrols, the squads would
weeks, the drug market was gone.
attack the open-air markets. They
The QUAD Squads taught citi-
would get to know citizens and
zens how to get vacant buildings
guarantee a quick response to re-
condemned, lobby for more street
ports of pushers.
lights, record license plates, iden-
"There's nothing here other po-
tify car owners and send letters
lice departments haven't tried be-
advising "Your vehicle was seen in
fore and found inadequate," Smith
an open-air drug market."
told the mayor. "But nobody has
Brown, Smith and Police Lt.
ever tried them all at once."
John Cuesta, commander of the
"We'll give you whatever it
QUAD Squad, held meetings all
takes, for as long as it takes," Freed-
over the city. "Without your help,
man promised. She proposed a 15-
the police can't hold down IIO
percent property-tax increase for
square miles," they explained. "You
140 more police officers and aides,
must be their eyes and ears." At one
more police equipment and new
gathering, a woman said she was
drug-education programs.
afraid to call police for fear dope
The public hearing lasted just
dealers would retaliate. Then a po-
seven minutes, with no one in op-
lice officer she knew bought a beeper
position. The tax-raising city coun-
and gave her the page number. Thus
cil got a standing ovation from a
armed, the woman cleaned up her
biracial audience. "Glory be!"
block. "Get beepers for every
cheered Abe Brown when he heard.
QUAD cop!" Smith ordered.
"Beeper Cops." The QUAD
Soon "beeper cops" were giving
Squads hit the streets in February
out their numbers at neighborhood
1989. The force began meeting with
meetings. "Call when you see the
anxious citizens in drug-infested
dealers," they urged. "Your name
58
TAMPA'S WINNING WAR ON DRUGS
1991
CAT
Clockwise from upper right:
Abe Brown talks to a local
resident; QUAD Squad officers;
a bulldozer demolishes a crack
house; Mayor Sandy Freedman
won't be revealed, and you won't
have to testify in court when we
make arrests." Hundreds of people
began phoning in tips.
Increased Arrests. Prompted by
one police officer's suggestion,
Tampa's city council passed an
anti-drug law in April 1989 mod-
eled on statutes against loitering for
prostitution. Soon the QUAD
moved in, Rogers fled but was
Squads placarded every drug hole
caught without drugs or cash. His
with bright posters proclaiming
alibi: he ran because he was afraid of
"WARNING: HIGH DRUG AC-
cops. A judge found the explanation
TIVITY AREA. Persons observed
unbelievable and sent him to jail.
loitering for the purpose of engag-
Tampa's anti-drug law may be
ing in illegal drug activity are sub-
headed for the Supreme Court.
ject to Tampa Police Department
The public defender complains
officers' questioning and arrest."
that 74 of 76 people charged be-
In June 1989, a QUAD Squad
tween March and June 1990 were
officer watched through binoculars
black. Answers Cuesta, "We don't
while Anthony Rogers received
target blacks. We target drug deal-
money in exchange for a small plastic
ers. That's not discrimination."
bag. As a uniformed policeman
Assistant city attorney Tyron
PHOTOS: © JOHN SCAGLIONE
59
READER'S DIGEST
Brown, who drafted the ordinance,
on the crack epidemic is not enough.
quickly dismisses allegations of dis-
"Until there is adequate jail space,
crimination. He agrees with the
stronger sentencing guidelines and
Tampa Tribune: "What could be
greater commitment to drug educa-
more discriminatory than to allow
tion and rehabilitation, the country
rampant lawlessness in black
will be fighting a losing battle."
neighborhoods? Or for police to be
Today one of the QUAD Squads'
less aggressive in protecting black
biggest obstacles is Florida's short-
families than white families?"
age of prison space. Because of this
Florida law allows police to seize
shortage, a judge might end up
any property used during the com-
imposing a prison sentence only
mission of a felony. Thus, an invest-
after several convictions for selling
ment counselor who cruised into a
or possessing cocaine. As a result, a
drug hole and bought $10 worth of
person charged with three counts of
crack had his $26,000 Cadillac seized.
selling crack within 1000 feet of a
Winning the War. During June
school, and facing a mandatory
1989, about three months after the
minimum three-year sentence on
QUAD Squads went into action,
each count, could be back on the
drug arrests were more than double
street selling in 18 months.
what they had been that month the
Last year the National Civic
year before. In the first year, QUAD
League named Tampa one of its ten
officers arrested 1929 sellers and
All-America Cities. In February
543 buyers; uniformed officers
1991, the Rev. Abe Brown was
nailed another 2522.
named "Citizen of the Year" by
From 1987 to 1990 robberies
Tampa's Civitan Club, the first black
dropped I5 percent, burglaries 14
to receive the city's highest accolade.
percent and larceny 24 percent. Of
Tampa's example shows what
the 150 dope holes identified, about
police action with community sup-
140 showed little or no activity, while
port can do for drug-infested
volume at the ten remaining was
neighborhoods. "We're well on the
greatly reduced.
way," says Abe Brown. "With co-
The waiting list for an area
operation from the community,
drug-treatment center has more
churches and law enforcement, we
than doubled since the QUAD cam-
can clean up street drug sales in this
paign began. Many of the patients
city. Many dealers have packed up
say they sought treatment only after
and gone elsewhere. People can sit
they felt the police net tighten.
on their porches and walk the
Mayor Freedman warns that a
streets. And Tampa is once again a
combined police and medical assault
decent place to raise children."
A budget is a plan for going broke methodically.
-Kearney, Neb., Hub
60
PARTNERSHIP FOR A
DRUG-FREE AMERICA
Newsletter
Volume 5, Issue 1
Winter 1991
Last Quarter Campaigns
Year-End Burst of Creative Energy
By Amy Cohn
A
flurry of creative activity marked
several new print ads targeting par-
on a variety of children's hobbies in
the end of 1990 as the Partnership re-
ents, the "Encourage Your Kid's Habit"
the visuals, featuring for example, a
leased new work charting some previ-
campaign and "Not Just a Phase" ad.
baseball mitt or a trumpet, to highlight
ously unexplored themes. One cam-
"We're particularly excited about the
the importance of positive influences
paign provides viable alternatives to
'Encourage' campaign," comments
in a child's life.
parents in their attempts to keep their
Philip Davidson, associate creative
The "Not Just a Phase" ad reinforces
kids drug-free, while another one ex-
director for the ads. "The executions in
the dangers of marijuana use - "a drug
horts parents to be aware of and inter-
these three ads build on the importance
which many children of the '60s do not
ested in their kids' lives. Others address
of parental involvement in a child's ac-
fear as they should," says Davidson,
preteens and teens by turning the
tivities and approach the issue in a
who helped write the headline "What
tables on peer pressure.
fresh, positive way."
She's Going Through Isn't A Phase, It's
Avrett, Free & Ginsberg created
The "Encourage" campaign centers
see "New Creative" on page 5
Partnership Pursues Entertainment Strategy
The Partnership for a Drug-Free Amer-
ica has taken its anti-drug initiative to
a new group of important influencers:
the Hollywood entertainment commu-
nity.
Recently, Partnership representatives
urged producers and scriptwriters from
five Hollywood-based studios to use the
Partnership as a resource in deglam-
orizing illegal drug use on television
and in the movies.
Conferences with Lorimar Televi-
sion, Orion Television, Carsey-Werner
Co., Walt Disney Co. and MGM/UA,
held Dec. 3-5, served as a follow-up to
a breakfast last October during which
the Partnership briefed top executives
from most major studios and encour-
From left to right: Grant Tinker (GTG Television), Frank Wells (Walt Disney Co.),
see "Entertainment" on page 4
Partnership Chairman James E. Burke and Robert Daly (Warner Bros.)
YPPA
YPPA
Pledges
$67,000,000
$67 Million
for
Drug-Free
FB
America
Members of the Yellow Pages Publish-
ers Association (YPPA) have commit-
ted $67 million in contributed adver-
tising space in 1991 to the Partnership,
according to J. Raymond Avedian,
Lynn Mapes (left), Partnership deputy director, accepting a symbolic check for $67 million
YPPA president and chief executive
from Yellow Pages Publishers Association President J. Raymond Avedian.
officer. Avedian made the announce-
ment at the Association's Third An-
appear in thousands of directories
country, Yellow Pages has the capacity
nual Convention.
throughout the country, often with
to positively influence American soci-
"This enormous evidence of support
dozens printed in each book, for a total
ety," said Avedian. "It's both our privi-
from the YPPA will help ensure that
of 11.5 billion impressions.
lege and our responsibility to contrib-
many, many Americans continue to see
YPPA's commitment was a featured
ute in the fight against illegal drugs."
these anti-drug messages," said Mike
topic at the annual convention. Lynn
YPPA's publisher members collec-
Townsend, Partnership director of com-
Mapes, deputy director of the Partner-
tively produce more than 94 percent of
munications. "We applaud the Asso-
ship, addressed the issue of drug abuse
all directories published in the United
ciation for its efforts."
among children and adults, and the
States, and account for 98 percent of
This is the second year YPPA mem-
devastating effects it has had on Ameri-
revenues generated by Yellow Pages
bers have pledged advertising space in
can society.
advertising. Yellow Pagesi is the fourth-
their directories to help combat the use
"As a major advertising medium that
largest revenue-producing advertising
of illegal drugs. Partnership messages
reaches nearly every household in the
medium.
Partnership Appoints Bonnette, Berger
The Partnership for a Drug-Free Amer-
Hedrick, in his continuing role as
a long association with Hill and
ica has appointed Richard D. Bonnette
president, will focus on the media and
Knowlton, the world's largest public
as its executive director, announced the
advertising efforts of the Partnership.
relations firm, where he served as vice
organization's president, Thomas A.
His role as Partnership spokesperson
chairman.
Hedrick, Jr. In addition, Fred Berger
will also increase. Hedrick joined the
has been named an executive vice presi-
Partnership as marketing director in
The Newsletter of the
dent and becomes director of external
1986, after serving as senior vice presi-
Partnership for a Drug-Free America
affairs.
dent at Backer Spielvogel Bates. He
666 Third Ave., 15 Fl.
"The Partnership has been adapting
was elected president and executive di-
New York, NY 10017
and evolving to meet new needs since
rector of the Partnership in 1987.
(212) 922-1560
its inception in 1986," said Hedrick.
Hedrick also serves on the boards of the
"This operational fine-tuning is another
Advertising Council and of the
V.P., Public Information:
step in our evolution."
Greenwich (Conn.) Council on Youth
Theresa Venet Grant
Bonnette joined the Partnership in
and Drugs.
Assistant Director, Public Information:
September 1989 as chief of staff, direc-
Since joining the Partnership at the
Susan DeMark
tor of external affairs and executive
beginning of 1990 as senior vice presi-
vice president. He came to the Partner-
dent and deputy director of external
Editor.
JoAnn Greco
ship from BBDO Worldwide Advertis-
affairs, Fred Berger has spearheaded the
Editorial Assistant:
Patty Cabot
ing, where he was executive vice presi-
organization's efforts to launch a vol-
dent, director and member of the ex-
unteer public relations and public af-
Writer:
Amy Cohn
ecutive committee. executive direc-
fairs initiative similar to that of the
tor, he now assumes day-to-day operat-
advertising campaign.
Production Manager: Vanessa Hall
Print Production:
Sal Pezzino
ing responsibility for the Partnership.
Berger came to the Partnership after
Page 2
Partnership Newsletter
Winter 1991
At the Harvard School of Public Health:
Healthcare Professionals Urged To Correct
Medicine's "Blind Spot" Concerning Drug Abuse
The medical community needs to
Other issues examined were: why
for use with their patients, and practice
expand its role in the fight against
drug abuse has not been accepted into
guidelines to help physicians identify
illegal drug use, according to a group
the mainstream of medical, social and
and refer drug-abusing patients.
of prominent physicians and
public health, and how to make physi-
In addition to identifying barriers and
healthcare professionals convened
cians more aware of the multiple risk
potential solutions, speakers provided
by the Partnership and the Harvard
factors involved in drug abuse.
information on existing drug abuse pre-
School of Public Health. These
To overcome some of the barriers
vention programs involving the
experts met on Oct. 8 for a collo-
identified, participants recommended
healthcare community. Representa-
quium titled "Medical Alert: The
tives described various programs of the
Critical Need for Healthcare Profes-
American Medical Association,
sionals in the Fight Against Drugs."
Keynote speaker, Dr. Mitchell S.
" We have been wag-
American Academy of Pediatrics, Of-
fice of Treatment Improvement, Ameri-
Rosenthal, president of Phoenix
House Foundation, told the partici-
ing our war against
can College of Obstetricians and Gy-
necologists, Robert Wood Johnson
pants that "medicine's blind spot
drugs with only the
Foundation, Office of Substance Abuse
has served to protect drug abuse. We
minimum involvement
Prevention and the National Institute
have been waging our war against
on Drug Abuse.
drugs with only minimum involve-
of healthcare profes-
Partnership Chairman James E.
ment of healthcare professionals-
"
Burke said, "We brought these
where they belong is on the front
sionals.
healthcare leaders together in the
lines."
hope that they will take what they' ve
These healthcare experts met at
- Dr. Mitchell S. Rosenthal
learned here to their communities and
the Harvard School of Public Health
specialty organizations and influence
to explore how medical profession-
those around them to join the struggle."
als can become more involved in
that substance abuse prevention be-
their communities to fight illegal
come an integral part of all medical
Follow-Ups Planned
drugs. Cited among the barriers to
school curricula, that National Resi-
greater involvement:
dency Review Boards incorporate drug-
Director of external affairs, Fred
related education, and that specialty
Berger, notes that a follow-up with the
lack of physician training in
groups incorporate information on al-
"Physicians' Consortium" has already
substance abuse;
cohol and drug abuse into continuing
taken place. "This group of private-
inadequate levels of insurance
education programs. Medical organi-
sector physicians is willing to include
coverage for prevention;
zations, it was suggested, could play a
the recommendations of the collo-
difficulty of finding and eval-
key role by providing members with po-
quium, along with their own findings,
uating treatment programs.
sition papers on drug abuse, brochures
and forward them to their various spe-
cialties and associations." Meetings
with this group will continue on a regu-
Bus Shelters Feature "Baby Bottle"
lar basis.
A 30-minute edited videotape -
A new medium carries a new
featuring highlights of the Colloquium
Partnership message: FCB/
- has been created with the help of
Leber Katz Partners' "Baby
Syncrofilm, an editing facility. The
Bottle," illustrates the dan-
Partnership will use this videotape in
gers of crack use during preg-
an effort to obtain wider media aware-
nancy. It is the first Partner-
ness of the issues.
ship message specifically
At the Colloquium, Rosenthal asked
created for bus shelters. The
the audience to "imagine how effec-
space was donated by Gan-
tively we could reduce demand and
nett Transit.
denormalize drug use if every physician
in America was personally committed
to that goal."
Winter 1991
Partnership Newsletter
Page 3
Entertainment
(continued from front page)
aged them to become partners in the
from Walt Disney Co., NBC Enter-
Marian Rees of Marian Rees Entertain-
anti-drug initiative. In early February,
prises, NBC Entertainment, ABC Pro-
ment, Inc. and Tricia McLeod Robin,
and throughout 1991, Partnership rep-
ductions, ABC Entertainment, CBS En-
president of the National Council for
resentatives will meet again with writ-
tertainment, Fox Entertainment Group,
Families and Television.
ers and producers from another four
Warner Bros., Inc., Warner Bros. Tele-
As a direct result of the Partnership's
studios.
vision, MGM/UA Television Produc-
presentation to Lorimar in December,
At these meetings, Partnership rep-
tions, Inc., Columbia Pictures Televi-
its president, Leslie Moonves, sent the
resentatives present suggested general
sion, Lorimar Television, MCA, Inc.,
Partnership a script of a Gabriel's Fire
scenarios for deglamorizing drug usage.
The Carsey-Werner Co., Winkler-
episode entitled "The Great Waldo,"
These include young teens expressing
Daniel Productions, Stephen Cannell
which aired on January 10. The Part-
disapproval of and a desire to avoid ille-
Productions, Television, Viacom
nership reviewed the script for accu-
gal drug users, older teens becoming in-
International, Inc., Marian Rees Enter-
racy in terms of anti-drug related con-
volved in anti-drug initiatives at school
tainment, Inc., New World Entertain-
tent. The series stars James Earl Jones
or an adult employee confronting a
ment, Lee Rich Productions, Barney
as a private investigator.
drug-using colleague.
Rosenzweig Productions, Millennium
"We felt this episode, which deals
"These scenarios are intended solely
Entertainment, GTG Entertainment
with the problem of crack babies, was
as a launching pad for generating ideas,"
and Arnold Shapiro Productions. Much
appropriate due to the type of things
said Partnership President Richard
of the liaison work in bringing together
the Partnership is trying to accom-
Bonnette.
these industry giants was performed by
plish," Moonves commented.
The Partnership's main focus thus
far has been on the television industry,
explained Bonnette. "One of the major
attitude shapers is television, especially
with young people. Television pro-
gramming has the deepest penetration
and the most flexibility, and a built-in
acceptance level where the viewer has
loyalty to a show and its characters," he
said. Due to the overlap between mo-
tion picture and television studio own-
ership, the Partnership is conferring
with moviemakers as well.
Many entertainment leaders at the
October breakfast expressed a willing-
ness to help communicate the Partner-
ship anti-drug messages. In attendance
at that meeting were top executives
L. to T.: Gary Lieberthal (Columbia Pictures TV), Robert Iger (ABC Entertainment), Leslie
Moonves (Lorimar Television), unidentified, David Slazman (Millennium Entertainment)
Partnership Applauds Production Industry
As 1990 draws to a close, the Partner-
rector of creative development. "The
the creative work of the Partnership for
ship for a Drug-Free America acknowl-
talent of these behind-the-scenes pro-
a Drug-Free America: American Fed-
edges the continued support of the pro-
fessionals is the foundation upon which
eration of Television & Radio Artists;
duction suppliers who have volunteered
the Partnership has built its highly
Association of Independent Commer-
time and services in the creation of
regarded anti-drug campaign."
cial Editors; Association of Independ-
more than 90 multi-media messages
As part of its formal efforts to thank
ent Commercial Producers; Directors
this year.
each participating production union,
Guild of America; International Alli-
"The generous support given to the
the Partnership published articles de-
ance of Theatri cal Stage Employees,
Partnership by the editors, producers,
tailing the specific contributions of each
Motion Picture and Machine Opera-
directors, actors, craftspeople and tech-
industry in their trade association
tors of the U.S. and Canada; Interna-
nicians in the production industry has
newsletters.
tional Teleproduction Society; Photo-
been a vital component of our volun-
Members of the following produc-
platemakers Assoc. of NY; Screen
teer initiative," said Roger Pisani, di-
tion organizations have contributed to
Actors Guild.
Page 4
Partnership Newsletter
Winter 1991
NEW CREATIVE
1990 Finale Spotlights New Themes
(continued from front page)
An Ounce A Week" (see back page).
Spencer contributed recording time
Contrasting the headline with a visual
and Modern Video Productions served
of a young, innocent-looking preteen
as the editing facility.
helps heighten awareness that drug trial,
TBWA recently completed a new
especially marijuana, can begin at a
television spot originally aimed at young
young age.
teens, but certain to have much broader
Avrett, Free & Ginsberg also pro-
appeal. The new :10 and :15 spots fea-
duced a print message aimed at teen-
ture Chris Burke, the 25-year-old actor
agers, "Drugs Do You." The ad is effec-
with Down Syndrome who plays Corky
tive in its simplicity, warning teens that
on Life Goes On. "The message deliv-
"You don't do drugs. Drugs do you."
ered by Chris is powerful and enables
This message is currently being exe-
Chris Burke in a spot from TBWA
the retarded community to play an ac-
cuted in television as well.
Thanks for these two spots go to
tive role in the anti-drug effort," says
Credit at Avrett, Free & Ginsberg
Werner; Karen Moran and Christo-
Scott Diel, account executive on the
goes to Frank Ginsberg, president and
pher Dean, art directors; Jim Weber,
project. "Believe me, I know how bad
creative director; Helen Pantuso, ac-
copywriter; Laurie Beach, producer; and
it feels when you think you're not part
count supervisor; Davidson; Dan
Sharon Chortek, director of broadcast
of the crowd," claims Chris as the
Weitzman, copywriter; Tom Hart and
productions. The James Gang Produc-
camera closely focuses on his face. "But
Mark Gershman, art directors; and
tion Co. produced; Tom Aberg, was
taking drugs to fit in? I'm too smart for
Michael Pruzan, photographer. Qual-
editor; and Pyramid Productions pro-
that."
ity House of Graphics, Master Eagle
vided post-production services.
Special thanks go to Tom McManus,
and Horan Engraving also contributed.
art director; David Warren, copywriter;
Party Scene Explores Peer Theme
and Diel. Cucoloris was the production
A Wake-Up Call For Parents
company, Syncrofilm, Post Perfect and
Earle Palmer Brown & Spiro in Phila-
FotoKem provided post-production
Dallas-based The Bloom Agency cre-
delphia focused on young teens and the
services, and Multi Video provided edi-
ated two television messages aimed at
experience of rejection by the opposite
torial services.
parents. "We started with two separate
sex in its spot. "The Party" begins with
and critical concepts for parents," Ex-
a typical party scene. Slowly, eye con-
Child's Rhyme Reworked
ecutive Creative Director Seth Werner
tact and flirtation develop as a young
explains. "From that we developed
boy approaches a girl he has been
The Patrick Agency developed a
simple, but unique, spots which drive
glancing at from across the room. The
powerful radio spot aimed at young chil-
home the messages with a fresh level of
scene's mood suddenly changes as the
dren. Revising the lyrics of the child's
intrigue and impact."
young girl drags on a marijuana ciga-
hand-clapping game "Miss Mary Mack,"
In "The Message" a young boy enters
rette.
the agency created a chilling message
an empty house. While listening to an
"We carefully focused on the expres-
warning kids about the dangers of
answering machine message from mom,
sion of the boy his disgusted look -
crack. Beginning with the lyrics "Miss
the boy uses money left on the counter
and the pained reaction of the young,
Mary Mack, Mack, Mack/All dressed in
for dinner as cocaine paraphernalia.
rejected girl," comments Kelly Simms,
black, black, black/She sold her hat,
No faces are seen, the camera focuses on
executive creative director. The diffi-
hat, hat/To get high off crack, crack,
the answering machine, contrasting the
culty of conveying this message was in
crack," the message slowly unwinds.
message with the actions of the young
the subtleness of the characters' reac-
"This child's rhyme is universal," says
boy. "Parents usually see what they
tions.
Austin Patrick, president and creative
want to see. We wanted to show them
This spot is yet another move toward
director of the project. "Giving it the
something else," says Werner.
messages emphasizing the emotional
anti-drug twist makes it all the more
"The Burbs" úses upbeat music from
and social consequences of drug use.
memorable, especially considering the
Poltergeist and a "generic" suburban
The key players responsible include
difficulty of attracting and holding
setting to help dispel the myth that
Simms; Doug Hill, art director; Lorie
young kids' attention."
drugs are an inner-city problem. In this
Blackard, copywriter; and Joyce Rivas,
Credit goes to writer Yolanda Davis,
spot we see "anywhere" U.S.A. with
account supervisor. SBK Pictures was
and TNG Earthling Productions, which
"anyone's" kids dabbling in marijuana.
the production company. Asche &
recorded and mixed the message.
Winter 1991
Partnership Newsletter
Page 5
Partnership Thanks Healthcare Publishers;
Presents 25 New, Specialized Anti-Drug Messages
Partnership officials recently held an
healthcare agencies have created 25
appreciation breakfast to express
new print ads, announced William G.
"thank you" to healthcare publishers
Castagnoli, chairman of the Partner-
MUST BE
WELL, UH,
for their contribution of almost $6
ship Committee for Healthcare Audi-
PUPILS
YOUR
RAN OVER
DILATED
EYEDROPS
BLOOD PRESSURE
is ELEVATED
OFFICE
million in advertising space.
ences. "The situation has changed -
Healthcare professionals are viewed
so the strategy must," he said. "The
by the Partnership as one of several pri-
Partnership was launched as an aware-
ness campaign, and we've done well on
ILII
mary influencers on potential and cur-
rent casual users. "Healthcare profes-
that. Now, we want to emphasize an
sionals need to take advantage of their
active participation by the healthcare
JIM
YOUR NOSE
JIM, I'M NOT
stature in the community," Partner-
professional."
AND
AIR
GOING PREACH
IRRITATED
POLLUTION?
BUT...
ship President Thomas A. Hedrick, Jr.
The new print ads opt for straight-
commented to attendees, "and play a
forward, hard-hitting graphics and
role in prevention, intervention and
messages. Frank J. Corbett's "The
treatment of illegal drug use. Reaching
Answer May Be In Her Eyes" focuses
these professionals is where you come
on the opthamology audience. RWR's
in - and you've done an absolutely
"A Is For Amphetamines" gives a mini-
lesson to pediatricians. Another, by
Cocaine Does Real Medical Damage.
terrific job."
Give Them the Facts.
James E. Burke, the Partnership's
Medicus Intercon, simply reminds
chairman, also praised the publishers.
physicians of their vast contribution
Drug abuse..
You don't have to preach about it. just teach about it.
"Your help in mobilizing physicians,
in getting so many Americans to quit
Partnership for a Drug-Free America
dentists and nurses against illegal drugs
smoking: the ad features the famous
is greatly appreciated."
'No Smoking' logo of a cigarette with a
New research by the Partnership
slash through it, along with a new logo
indicates a downward shift in illegal
of cocaine lines with the same slash.
drug use and a continuing intolerance
The Committee for Healthcare
"Real Medical Damage" from Medicus
Intercon
against drug use and users. "We all
Audiences was formed in June 1987
have just begun," said Hedrick, "and
and incorporates representatives from
the great tragedy would be to lose this
healthcare advertising agencies as well
tion, Journal of Clinical Practice in Sexu-
momentum. We must ensure that these
as from medical publications.
ality, Lifetime Medical Television, Medi-
shifts become permanent, not just blips
Those attending the Partnership's
cal Advertising News, Medical Econom-
on a graph."
appreciation breakfast included repre-
ics, Medical Tribune, NY Journal of Den-
To encourage and increase the con-
sentatives from the American Journal of
tistry, Nurse Practitioner, Physician's
tinued presence of Partnership mes-
Gynecological Health, Cosmetic Dentistry,
Financial News, Physicians and Sports-
sages in healthcare journals, eleven
Hippocratic, Jobson Publishing Corpora-
medicine, and Postgraduate Medicine.
New York City Mayor, Students Unveil Musical Radio Spot
New York City Mayor David N. Dinkins
(far left) appears with some of the 20
public school students who sing on the
Partnership's new radio spot, "We're
Gonna Put A Stop To It Right Now." At
the podium is Richard D. Bonnette, Part-
nership executive director. The anti-drug
anthem was produced by Centerfield Pro-
ductions and written by John Frizzell and
Jeane Bice. Mayor Dinkins noted, "What
better way to reach this target group of
youngsters than with music?"
Page 6
Partnership Newsletter
Winter 1991
Toy Manufacturers of America
Nikko Drives Home
Commit To Partnership Effort
Anti-Drug Message
An anti-drug message created by
The Toy Manufacturers of America, Inc. (TMA) is cooperating with the Partner-
the Partnership will be carried on
ship for a Drug-Free America in a joint effort to bring anti-drug messages to
the bumpers of more than three
American children.
million radio-controlled toy trucks
Already underway are two efforts: a TMA member, Nikko, Inc. will place an
and cars manufactured by Japanese-
anti-drug message on its three million toys (see adjoining box). In addition, the
based Nikko America, Inc. The
TMA is helping to distribute a parent's drug prevention guide, which is being pro-
bumper stickers, reading "Drugs
moted in several Partnership messages.
Are A Dead End," are scheduled to
In 1991, the Partnership, working with the TMA, will create an anti-drug
appear on all 60 models this spring,
message to be inserted into or onto toy packages produced and distributed by
according to Marsha Cathey, ad-
TMA members each year. "With over 1.7 billion toys sold in the U.S. annually,
vertising/creative director for
Nikko.
the potential for such a program is enormous," commented David A. Miller,
president of the TMA.
Nikko is a member of the Toy
The TMA is an industry trade association representing 240 toy manufacturers
Manufacturers of America, which
and importers (with an associate membership comprised of design firms, profes-
is in turn a member of the Partner-
sional inventors and testing labs). In its new, 17-page "Guide to Toys and Play,"
ship (see adjoining article).
designed to assist parents in selecting safe and appropriate toys, the organization
Nikko's line of radio-controlled
identifies itself as a member of the Partnership. The guide is available in both
vehicles, retailing at between $15
English- and Spanish-language editions.
and $350, is its sole product. The
Each of the 100,000 TMA guides provides information for ordering the U.S.
line is sold at mass merchandise
Department of Education's booklet "Growing Up Drug Free: A Parent's Guide to
outlets, toy stores, discount chains
Prevention."
and department stores.
Nikko, Inc.'s placement of anti-drug bumper stickers on all of its radio-con-
"Nikko has been using bumper
trolled vehicles begins later this spring. "These generous contributions are just
stickers for awhile now," said
the beginning," said Fred Berger, Partnership executive vice president of external
Cathey, "and we thought this was
affairs. "The Partnership looks forward to a productive relationship aimed at
an exciting opportunity to get a
reaching a very important audience - America's children."
very important message across to
the kids of America."
"The TMA Guide to Toys and Play" is available by mail order only. To request a copy,
Nikko is making camera-ready
send a postcard to: Toy Booklet, P.O. Box 866, Madison Square Station, New York,
art of the bumper stickers available
NY 10159-0866.
to other toy manufactuers.
Alaskans Vote To "Re-criminalize" Marijuana
Partnership Provides Materials To Assist Grass-Roots Campaign
Fifteen years after the Alaska State Su-
rector of external affairs, worked closely
fectiveness of the Partnership's mission
preme Court legalized the possession of
with Alaskans for a Drug-Free Youth,
of changing attitudes to change behav-
small amounts of marijuana, voters in
one of the organizations responsible for
ior," Sulcer said. "The one thing this
that state chose to re-criminalize the
bringing the issue to the ballot. The
grass-roots effort needed to continue its
drug during this past November's elec-
Partnership sent support materials,
own momentum was a method to help
tion.
including TV, radio and print mes-
the voter decide on this referendum -
The passage of Proposition 2 illus-
sages, to tie in with the group's media
and our creative supplied that medium."
trates America's increasing intolerance
efforts. The citizens' group arranged for
Alaskans for a Drug-Free Youth (an
of all drug use. The initiative makes
print ads to be turned into posters and
affiliate member of the National Fed-
possession a misdemeanor punishable
distributed to area schools, and these
eration of Parents for a Drug-Free
by up to 90 days in jail and a $1,000 fine.
posters were also used as components in
Youth) faced great opposition from
Brenda Rogers, Partnership manager
the organization's Marijuana Education
groups such as NORML (National
of information and distribution, and
Symposium information packet.
Organization for the Reform of Mari-
Ginna Sulcer, Partnership deputy di-
"This is a perfect example of the ef-
juana Laws) and Alaskans for Privacy.
Winter 1991
Partnership Newsletter
Page 7
WHAT SHE'S GOING THROUGH
IT'S AN OUNCE A WEEK.
The fact is marijuana affects learning, memory and
the perception of time. It can also become psychologically
addicting. And it can ruin your child's life.
If your kid is smoking marijuana, talk to her. If that
gets you nowhere, call 800-662-HELP or contact a local
drug abuse agency and ask for assistance.
But by all means, do something. Your child isn't simply
ISN'T A PHASE.
going through a phase. If she's hooked on marijuana, she
may be going through hell.
Your child is no longer interested in school. She's
hanging out with a different crowd. And she has trouble
concentrating and remembering even simple things.
If you think she's going through a phase, think again.
The signs point to what could be a serious marijuana
The biggest mistake you can make is to do nothing.
Or to say to yourself, "Marijuana is harmless. Besides,
PARTNERSHIP FOR A DRUG-FREE AMERICA
it's better than doing cocaine or crack."
problem.
All
FIRST-CLASS MAIL
U.S. POSTAGE
FIRST CLASS
PAID
NEW YORK, NY
PERMIT NO. 478
PARTNERSHIP FOR A
DRUG-FREE AMERICA
C/O AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ADVERTISING AGENCIES
666 THIRD AVENUE NEW YORK, NY 10017 (212) 922-1560
Ms. Chriss Winston
Deputy Assistant to the President
for Communications
Old Executive Office Building
Washington DC 20500
NATIONAL
national 4-H council
COUNCIL
7100 CONNECTICUT AVENUE, CHEVY CHASE, MARYLAND 20815 . (301) 961-2800
FAX: (301) 961-2894
To:
Carol Blymire
White House
Speech Writing Office
Please hand deliver to:
456-7750 -- Carol Blymire
FAX: 202-456-6218
From:
Richard J. Sauer
This transmission consists of
1
pages plus this cover sheet.
Remarks:
Here are three examples of programs involving young people in combating
drug abuse. I hope they will be helpful as you prepare the speech
President Bush will give in Montana.
Should there be any problems with the transmission of this material, please
contact National 4-H Council. The FAX number is: 301-961-2894
Sent at:
AM PM
Date:
Examples of Programs Involving 4-H'ers
Working Together to Combat Drug Abuse
MONTANA
Because of a death of one of their friends, the Deer Lodge Valley Beavers 4-H
Club in Anaconda, Montana, decided to learn about some of the issues facing
youth today. They invited guest speakers to work with them on substance
abuse, death, suicide. and other related topics. As a result of their
programs, several members of the Montana Teen Institute and the Teens In
Partnership program were invited to participate in their 4-H club meetings
which addressed the youth issues. Several members of the club have been
invited to be a part of the Montana Teen Institute or the Teens In Partnership
programs serving as leadership to help their peers consider alternatives and
recognize choices around suicide or drug involvement. The Montana Teen
Institute and Teens In Partnership programs operate through the schools in
many Montana communities and use youth who have been trained in dealing with
mentors to other young people.
peer pressure issues, drugs, school drop out, and $0 forth, as leadership and
Recognizing the need for youth to band together to address the issues facing
them in their community, this 4-H club is working to bring together all youth
groups in a coalition to address youth issues. It would be called a Youth
issues. Board with a purpose designed to assist youth in dealing with peer pressure
CALIFORNIA
VISTA volunteers to identify, recruit and train 84 indigenous volunteers
Project LINK PLUS in Los Angeles, California, is a program of working with
abuse prevention education coupled with 4-H leisure time activities to the
residing in 7 Los Angeles Housing Projects to assist with the delivery of drug
youth residents in these housing projects. The project is supported by
multiple sources of private and public funds in partnership.
OREGON
schools of Douglas County, Oregon. Coordinated by the leadership of the 4-H
LIGHTSPEED clubs are formed with 5th and 6th grade students in the elementary
positive alternative activities and life skills training. A peer support
children in their commitment to "say no" to drugs and alcohol by providing
staff of the Oregon State University Extension Service, the goal is to support
system among the children is a critical ingredient in the program's success.
Drug use has decreased and school retention has increased since this program
started in the first school district in 1980.
USIA
Opinion Research
memorandum
Office of Research, U.S. Information Agency, Washington, DC 20547
April 1, 1992
Spaniards Want Drug Laws with Criminal Penalties
This report is based on a USIA-commissioned survey of public opinion in Spain. Personal
interviews were conducted with a representative nationwide sample of 1500 adults (18 and over).
Interviews were conducted from November 27 to December 4, 1991.
Key Findings:
The use of narcotic drugs in Spain is seen by nearly everyone in the country (98%)
as a serious problem. Most say the government has had scant success in reducing
or eliminating drug use (80%) and believe corruption of public authorities by drug
traffickers is a serious problem (85%).
An overwhelming majority (93%) say there has been a dramatic increase in narcotic
use and related criminal activities, and most (75%) favor passing laws with criminal
penalties for drug use.
Few have heard much about Spain's cooperation with the U.S. (17%) or its provision
of economic and technical assistance to producing countries like Colombia (21%) to
stop drug trafficking. However, very large majorities approve of such cooperation
when asked. Moreover, two-thirds of those who think Spanish assistance to
countries like Colombia is a good idea are at least conditionally willing to pay higher
taxes to finance efforts to cut drug supplies.
A narrow plurality (41%) spontaneously say the drug problem must be solved
equally by both producing and consuming countries, followed closely by 37 percent
who say producing countries, and 21 percent who name consuming countries.
Spaniards are nearly unanimous (95%) in approving economic actions to fight the
international traffic in narcotics including: confiscating illegally-gained assets of
drug traffickers; tightening banking laws to make it more difficult for drug
traffickers to launder money; and cooperating with foreign banks to control money
laundering.
2
Government Seen Unsuccessful in Dealing With Drug Use
Almost all (98%) agree that the use of narcotic drugs in Spain is a serious problem -- most
(82%) saying it is "very serious." Eight-in-ten also say that the government has had little
or no success in its efforts to reduce or eliminate drug use (Tables 1-2).
Although there is no indication that public authorities have been corrupted by drug
traffickers, recent scandals in other areas appear to have had an effect on public
perceptions of the drug issue. Most (85%) view corruption by drug traffickers as a serious
problem (Table 3).
Public narcotic use, including the open daytime use of public parks and streetcorners with
the casual disposal of syringes, has generated public outrage. Almost everyone (93%)
believes that there has been a dramatic increase in narcotic use and related criminal
activities (Table 4).
Drug Laws With Criminal Penalties Favored
Three-fourths favor imposing laws with criminal penalties for drug use as opposed to the
administrative penalties now in place¹ (Table 5). Two-thirds say that the lack of criminal
penalties leads to an increase in the number of people who become addicted or die and an
equal number say the lack of criminal penalties increases the number of crimes (Figure
1 and Tables 6-7).
Figure 1: Public Favors Criminal Penalties for Illegal Drugs;
Say Lack of Penalties Increases Crime and Addiction
75
67
Favor laws with
criminal penalties
25
Increases
4
Effect on addiction
Decreases
65
Has little effect
Oppose laws with
criminal penalties
25
4
(21)
Effect on crime
1
Drug use is illegal in Spain, but at present there are only administrative penalties, i.e.,
fines, which drug users are rarely able to pay. Although entering rehabilitation will
permit waiving the fine, there are inadequate treatment/rehabilitation facilities. The
Socialist government decriminalized drug use when it came to power in 1982 and the
government has reportedly had difficulty since in deciding how to handle the issue.
Consequently, some Spaniards have formed vigilante groups who pursue, harass, and
occasionally do violence against, those who use or push drugs in public places. There
are criminal penalties for drug trafficking.
3
Support For Both Tougher Laws and Rehabilitation
While the public clearly favors tougher laws against drug users, it also favors less punitive
measures. A majority say they would emphasize education and rehabilitation (59%) rather
than law enforcement and prosecution (25%) as the best way to deal with the problem of
drug use, particularly those under 45 and the better educated. However, when those who
would emphasize education and rehabilitation are asked whether this alone will solve the
problem, many (33%) then say that law enforcement and prosecution are also necessary,
especially those 35 and older and the lesser educated (Figure 2 and Tables 8-9). This
suggests that public sentiment, although initially emphasizing education and
rehabilitation, pragmatically supports both tougher laws and rehabilitation.
Figure 2: Initial Emphasis on Education and Rehabilitation
15
33
59
25
25
No response 1
Law enforcement
Education and rehabilitation
Both
Educ/Rehab Only
Both equally
Most Approve A Variety of International Cooperative Efforts to Stem Drug Trade
Although specific knowledge of their government's involvement in international efforts to
eliminate drug trafficking is low, the public supports it when asked. Specifically, eight-in-
ten have heard little or nothing about cooperation with the United States to eliminate the
international traffic in narcotics. Despite this low level of awareness, the public, when
asked, overwhelmingly favors (88%) cooperation with the U.S. (Tables 10-11).
4
Similarly, knowledge of economic and technical aid to drug producing countries like
Colombia to help them cut off the supply of drugs reaching Spain is also low (75% have
heard little or nothing about it). But an equal number, when asked, believe that it would
be a good idea. Among those who say it would be a good idea, two-thirds would be willing
to pay higher taxes -- either outright or under certain conditions (Tables 12-14).
Spain is both a consuming country and a gateway to Europe for drug traffickers. It is
therefore not surprising that 41 percent volunteered that the problems with narcotic
drugs must be solved by both producing and consuming countries equally. Nearly as many
feel that the problems must be solved by producing countries (37%). Only two-in-ten say
they should be solved by consuming countries (Table 15).
Nearly everyone approves of powerful economic sanctions to fight international drug
traffickers. Ninety-five percent of the public approve of confiscating illegally-gained assets
of drug traffickers, tightening drug laws to make it more difficult for drug traffickers to
make their drug profits appear legally earned through money laundering, and requesting
cooperation from foreign banks to control money laundering (Tables 16A-C).
Prepared by:
R/AR - Barbara Smela
619-5140
Approved by:
R - Ronald Hinckley, Director
M-49-92
Office of Research
5
How the Poll Was Taken
This public opinion survey is based on personal interviews with 1500 adults (18 years
of age and older) throughout Spain. The poll was conducted between November 27 and
December 4, 1991.
The questions were written by the USIA Office of Research and translated by
ICP/Research of Madrid. The translation of the questionnaire was reviewed by the
Research staff in Washington and by USIS Madrid. The poll was then conducted for
USIA by ICP/Research of Madrid.
The sample is representative of the adult (18 and older) national population in Spain.
The contractor selected the sample through a multi-stage, modified probability technique
(probability proportional to size) with municipalities as the primary sampling units.
Random selections were then made within districts and random selections continued to
be made down to the household and to the individual within the household.
In theory, nineteen times out of twenty, results from samples of this size will differ by
no more than 3 percentage points in either direction from repeated surveys of this type.
The potential margin of sampling error is larger for smaller groups.
In addition to sampling error, the practical difficulties of conducting a survey of public
opinion may introduce other sources of error into the results.
Additional information about the methodology applied may be obtained from the
analyst.
6
Table 1: Spanish Say Drug Problem Serious
Question:
How serious a problem would you say the use of narcotic drugs is here
in Spain -- would you say it is a very serious problem, somewhat
serious, not very serious, or not serious at all?
Date:
Nov/Dec 1991
Sample Size:
(1500)
Very serious
82%
Somewhat serious
16
Not very serious
1
Not serious at all
*
Don't know
1
Total
100%
Table 2: Government Viewed as Unsuccessful In Handling Drug Problem
Question:
All things considered, how much success would you say Spain has had
so far in its efforts to reduce and eliminate the use of narcotic drugs --
would you say it has had a great deal of success, a fair amount, not very
much, or none at all?
Date:
Nov/Dec 1991
Sample Size:
(1500)
A great deal of success
2%
A fair amount of success
16
Not very much success
45
No success at all
35
Don't know
3
Total
101%*
*
Some totals sum to slightly more or less than 100% due to rounding.
7
Table 3: Perception of Drug-Related Corruption
Question:
In some countries the money generated by the narcotics trade has
corrupted some public authorities. What about Spain? Do you think the
corruption of public authorities by drug traffickers is or is not a serious
problem in Spain? [If yes, is problem:] How serious a problem would
you say it was -- very serious or only somewhat serious?
Date:
Nov/Dec 1991
Sample Size:
(1500)
Yes, very serious problem
58%
Yes, somewhat serious problem
27
No, not a problem
7
Don't know
8
Total
100%
Table 4: Perceived Link Between Drug Use and Criminal Activities
Question:
Some people say that Spain has experienced a dramatic increase in
narcotic drug use and related criminal activities while other people say
that there has not been a dramatic increase in narcotic usage and
related criminal activities. Which of these views is closer to your own?
Do you believe this strongly or somewhat?
Date:
Nov/Dec 1991
Sample Size:
(1500)
Yes, strongly
62%
Yes, somewhat
31
No, somewhat
4
No, strongly
1
Don't know
2
Total
100%
8
Table 5: Criminal Penalties Strongly Favored
Question:
All things considered, do you favor or oppose passing laws so that we
would have criminal penalties for the use of drugs here in Spain?
Somewhat or strongly?
Date:
Nov/Dec 1991
Sample Size:
(1500)
Strongly favor
52%
Somewhat favor
23
Somewhat oppose
12
Strongly oppose
9
Don't know
4
Total
100%
Table 6: Lack of Criminal Penalties Seen To Have Impact On Addiction Rate
Question:
Do you think the fact that Spain does not have laws with criminal
penalties for drug use increases, decreases, or has little effect on the
number of persons who become addicted or die from using narcotic drugs
in Spain?
Date:
Nov/Dec 1991
Sample Size:
(1500)
Increases
67%
Decreases
4
Has little effect
25
Don't know
5
Total
101%
9
Table 7: Lack of Criminal Penalties Said To Affect Crime Rate
Question: And do you think that not having criminal penalties for drug use
increases, decreases, or has little effect on the number of crimes in
Spain?
Date:
Nov/Dec 1991
Sample Size:
(1500)
Increases
65%
Decreases
4
Has little effect
25
Don't know
6
Total
100%
Table 8: Initial Emphasis on Education/Rehabilitation to Solve Drug Problem
Question:
Some people say that the best way to solve the drug use problem in
Spain would be to pass laws and prosecute users. Others say the best
way is through the education and rehabilitation of drug users. Which
do you think should receive more emphasis: law enforcement or
education? [Accept "both equally" if volunteered.]
Date:
Nov/Dec 1991
Sample Size:
(1500)
Law enforcement and prosecution
25%
Education and rehabilitation
59
Both equally [volunteered]
15
Don't know
2
Total
101%
10
Table 9: Education and Rehabilitation Alone Not Enough to Solve Problem
If education and rehabilitation in previous question -- And do you
believe education and rehabilitation alone will solve the drug use problem, or
should we also pass and enforce laws to prosecute drug users?
Education and rehabilitation alone
25%
Both education and law enforcement
33
Not applicable
42
Don't know
1
Total
101%
Table 10: Little Knowledge of Cooperation With U.S.
Question:
How much have you heard or read about Spain cooperating with the
United States in efforts to eliminate the international traffic in narcotics
-- a great deal, a fair amount, not very much, or nothing at all?
Date:
Nov/Dec 1991
Sample Size:
(1500)
A great deal
3%
A fair amount
14
Not very much
39
Nothing at all
41
Don't know
3
Total
100%
11
Table 11: Spaniards Overwhelmingly Approve of Cooperation
Question:
Do you approve or disapprove of Spain's cooperating with the United
States in efforts to eliminate the international traffic in narcotics? Is
that strongly or somewhat?
Date:
Nov/Dec 1991
Sample Size:
(1500)
Strongly approve
52%
Somewhat approve
36
Somewhat disapprove
4
Strongly disapprove
2
Don't know
7
Total
101%
Table 12: Little Awareness of Spanish Technical and Economic Aid
Question:
How much have you heard or read about Spain providing economic and
technical assistance to countries like Colombia that produce narcotic
drugs to help them cut off the supply of drugs reaching Spain -- a great
deal, a fair amount, not very much, or nothing at all?
Date:
Nov/Dec 1991
Sample Size:
(1500)
A great deal
4%
A fair amount
17
Not very much
36
Nothing at all
39
Don't know
3
Total
99%
12
Table 13: Good Idea to Provide Assistance
Question:
Do you think that providing economic and technical assistance to
countries like Colombia that produce narcotic drugs to help them cut off
the drug supply, is a good idea or a bad idea? Is that strongly or
somewhat?
Date:
Nov/Dec 1991
Sample Size:
(1500)
Strongly believe good idea
39%
Somewhat believe good idea
36
Somewhat believe bad idea
10
Strongly believe bad idea
8
Don't know
8
Total
101%
Table 14: Spaniards Generally Willing to Pay Higher Taxes to Provide Aid
Question:
If "good idea" to provide assistance -- Would you be willing to
pay higher taxes if the money would be used to help countries
like Colombia cut off the supply of narcotic drugs?
Date:
Nov/Dec 1991
Sample Size:
(1119)
Yes
38%
Yes, under certain conditions
29
(volunteered)
No
26
Don't know
6
Total
99%
13
Table 15: Spaniards See Shared Responsibility For Solving Drug Problem
Question:
Some people say that the problems with narcotic drugs must be solved
by the countries where the drugs are produced. Others say that they
must be solved by the countries where the people use them. Which view
is closer to your own? [Accept "both equally" if volunteered.]
Date:
Nov/Dec 1991
Sample Size:
(1500)
Producing countries
37%
Consuming countries
21
Both equally [volunteered]
41
Don't know
2
Total
101%
Tables 16A-C: Economic Sanctions Strongly Approved In Drug War
Question:
A number of different economic actions have been suggested to fight the
international traffic in narcotics. For the following suggestions on
combatting trafficking, please tell me whether you strongly approve,
somewhat approve, somewhat disapprove, or strongly disapprove of the
action.
16A. Confiscating the illegally-gained assets (such as cars, houses
or boats) of drug traffickers? Is that strongly or somewhat?
Date:
Nov/Dec 1991
Sample Size:
(1500)
Strongly approve
83%
Somewhat approve
12
Somewhat disapprove
1
Strongly disapprove
1
Don't know
3
Total
100%
14
16B. Tightening Spanish banking laws to make it more difficult
for drug traffickers to make their profits appear legally earned
through money laundering? Is that strongly or somewhat?
Date:
Nov/Dec 1991
Sample Size:
(1500)
Strongly approve
84%
Somewhat approve
11
Somewhat disapprove
1
Strongly disapprove
1
Don't know
3
Total
100%
16C. Requesting cooperation from foreign banks to control
money laundering by drug traffickers to make profits appear
legally earned? Is that strongly or somewhat?
Date:
Nov/Dec 1991
Sample Size:
(1500)
Strongly approve
84%
Somewhat approve
11
Somewhat disapprove
1
Strongly disapprove
1
Don't know
3
Total
100%
Research Memorandum
United States Information Agency
Washington, D.C. 20547
Office of Research
USIA
February 18, 1992
Brazilians Favor U.S. Assistance In War Against Drug Traffickers
This is the last in a series of reports based on a USIA-commissioned survey of public
opinion on drug issues and the environment in Brazil.¹ Personal interviews were
conducted with a representative nationwide sample of 2000 adult (18 and over) residents
of cities of 10,000 or more. Interviews were conducted November 9-16.
Key Findings:
Nearly nine-in-ten Brazilians say that illegal drug use in the United States is
serious and seven-in-ten say U.S. drug consumption is increasing.
At the same time, seven-in-ten believe that the U.S. is serious about reducing the
consumption of drugs.
Moreover, three-in-four Brazilians say that even if cocaine use stopped in the U.S.,
production and trafficking would continue.
Brazilians overwhelmingly approve a wide range of U.S. assistance in fighting the
drug war -- from providing technical aid to Brazil to U.S. and Brazilian law
enforcement teams working together.
Among the suggested actions, the one believed to help most in the fight against drug
traffickers is U.S. and Brazilian law enforcement officials working together in teams
to combat drug traffickers, while the one named least is the U.S. giving money to
Brazil.
1
The earlier reports were: "Brazilians See Drugs As Serious and Growing Problem,"
M-217-91, "Brazilians Choose Environmental Protection over Economic Growth,"
M-218-91, "Brazilians Pessimistic About Environment," M-14-92, and "Brazilians Say
Drug Problem Must Be Solved By Drug Producing Countries," M-16-92.
2
Brazilian Perceptions About U.S. Drug Use Parallel Latin American Pattern
Brazilians believe that the U.S. has a serious drug problem (87%), that U.S. drug
consumption is increasing (68%), and that the U.S. is serious about reducing drug
consumption (70%). At the same time, three-in-four say that even if cocaine use stopped
in the U.S., production and trafficking would continue because traffickers would find new
markets in other countries (Tables 1-4 and Figures 1-2).
Figure 1: U.S. Serious About
Figure 2: Ending U.S. Consumption
Drug Problem
Not the Answer
% who say US government is serious/not
% who say production and trafficking would:
serious about reducing drug consumption:
86
82
70
71
Brazil
(19)
74
62
Bolivia (31)
62
Colombia (32)
62
Ecuador
(9)
(20)
73
(10)
(17)
(21)
Bolivia
(35)
Peru
(21)
66
Ecuador
Brazil
Colombia
Peru
Serious
Not serious
End
Continue
These responses follow the general pattern found in similar drug surveys conducted in the
Andean nations and Mexico. On the one hand, the findings suggest a great deal of
pessimism about the ability to stop drug trafficking. On the other hand, they also suggest
widespread awareness that the solution to the drug problem has to go beyond blaming the
United States.
3
Brazilians Strongly Favor U.S. Aid in Drug War
Brazilians overwhelmingly favor the U.S. providing technical aid (91%) to help in the fight
against drug producers and traffickers, equipment and supplies (88%), and instructors to
train Brazilian police (85%). Nine-in-ten favor (80% "strongly") cooperation between U.S.
and Brazilian law enforcement officials. Somewhat fewer (72%) favor money. (Tables 5-9).
Although other Latin American nations surveyed in 1991 display the same pattern, in
most cases Brazilian's opinions are substantially stronger.
Best Way To Help In Drug War Is Cooperation
Asked which of five actions suggested is the best way the U.S. could help fight against
drug traffickers, a substantial plurality (36%) choose cooperation between U.S. and
Brazilian law enforcement officials, followed by U.S. technical aid to the Brazilian
government (22%). The option chosen least often is the U.S. giving money (Table 10 and
Figure 3)².
Figure 3: Best Method For U.S. To Help In Fight Against Drug Trafficking
money
9
technical aid
22
equipment
15
instructors
12
joint law enforcement
36
Percent of Brazilians who favor the various methods
R/AR - Barbara Smela
619-5140
Prepared by:
Approved by:
R - Ronald H. Hinckley
M-18-92
Director, Office of Research
2
A similar pattern is found in Mexico where exactly the same question was asked. In the
Andean survey the first four suggested actions were the same but, because the last was
different, the data are not comparable.
4
How the Poll Was Taken
This public opinion survey is based on personal interviews with 2000 adults -- 18 years of
age and older -- in Brazilian cities of 10,000 population or more. The poll was conducted
between November 9 and November 16, 1991.
The questions were written by the USIA Office of Research. The poll was then conducted
for USIA by IBOPE of Sao Paulo. The translation of the questionnaire was reviewed by
the Research staff in Washington and by USIS Brasilia.
The sample is representative of the adult (18 and older) national population in cities of
10,000 population or more. The contractor selected the sample through a modified
probability technique (probability proportional to size) with cities and census tracts as the
primary sampling units. Households were then randomly selected and respondents within
the household were selected by quotas.
In theory, nineteen times out of twenty, results from samples of this size will differ by no
more than 3 percentage points in either direction from repeated surveys of this type. The
potential margin of sampling error is larger for smaller groups.
In addition to sampling error, the practical difficulties of conducting a survey of public
opinion may introduce other sources of error into the results.
The Andean and Mexican surveys cited were also sponsored by USIA and conducted in
1991, with questions written and translations approved by the Office of Research. The
surveys were conducted by local contractors and supervised by USIA.
Additional information about the methodology applied may be obtained from the analyst.
5
TABLE 1: Brazilians, Like Other Latin Americans, Perceive
Illegal Drug Use In U.S. As Serious
Question:
How serious a problem do you think the U.S. has with illegal drug use? Is
it very serious, somewhat serious, not very serious, not at all serious, or
haven't you heard enough to say?
Country:
Brazil
Mexico
Bolivia Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Date:
11/91
11/91
07/91
07/91
07/91
07/91
Sample Size:
(2000)
(1532)
(1199)
(1221)
(1200)
(1201)
Very serious
79%
NA
59%
76%
74%
76%
Somewhat serious
8
NA
31
12
19
13
Not very serious
2
NA
2
6
2
2
Not at all serious
1
NA
1
2
1
0
Haven't heard
4
NA
4
3
2
6
enough to say
Don't know
6
NA
3
1
2
3
Total:
100%
NA
100%
100%
100%
100%
TABLE 2: Brazilians Say That U.S. Drug Consumption Is Increasing.
Question:
From what you have heard or read, is drug consumptionᵃ in the U.S.
increasing, decreasing, or remaining about the same?
Country:
Brazil
Mexico
Bolivia Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Date:
11/91
11/91
07/91
07/91
07/91
07/91
Sample Size:
(2000)
(1532)
(1199)
(1221)
(1200)
(1201)
Increasing
68%
NA
69%
56%
73%
62%
Decreasing
5
NA
6
11
5
7
Remaining about
16
NA
15
27
15
18
the same
Don't know
12
NA
10
6
8
13
Total:
101%
NA
100%
100%
101%
100%
a
In Brazil, the question read "...is illegal drug consumption. "
6
TABLE 3: ...But Believe U.S. Is Serious About Reducing Drug Consumption
Question:
How serious do you think the U.S. government is about reducing the
consumption of drugs like cocaineᵇ in the U.S. -- very serious, somewhat
serious, not very serious, or not at all serious?
Country:
Brazil
Mexico
Bolivia Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Date:
11/91
11/91
07/91
07/91
07/91
07/91
Sample Size:
(2000)
(1532)
(1199)
(1221)
(1200)
(1201)
Very serious
45%
NA
41%
34%
66%
55%
Somewhat serious
25
NA
30
28
20
27
Not very serious
11
NA
15
27
7
8
Not at all serious
6
NA
6
8
2
2
Don't know
13
NA
8
4
5
7
Total:
100%
NA
100%
101%
100%
99%
TABLE 4: Reducing Drug Consumption Won't End Production and Trafficking
Question:
Some people say cocaine production and trafficking would end in (survey
country) if the United States would stop the consumption of cocaine among
its own people. Others say that even if cocaine use stopped in the U.S. our
problems would continue because the traffickers would find new markets
in other countries. Which view is closer to your ownᶜ -- production and
trafficking would stop or it would continue to be a serious problem?
Country:
Brazil
Mexico
Bolivia Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Date:
11/91
11/91
07/91
07/91
07/91
07/91
Sample Size:
(2000)
(1532)
(1199)
(1221)
(1200)
(1201)
Production and
19%
NA
31%
32%
20%
21%
trafficking
would end
Production and
74
NA
62
62
73
66
trafficking
would continue
Don't know
8
NA
7
6
7
13
Total:
101%
NA
100%
100%
100%
100%
b
In Brazil, the question read "...reducing the consumption of drugs in the U.S."
c
In Brazil, the question ended here. It omitted "production and trafficking would stop or
it would continue to be a serious problem."
7
TABLE 5: Brazilians Approve U.S. Financial Aid in Drug War
Question:
Please tell me how much you are in favor of or against the U.S. giving
money to (survey country) to help in the fight against drug producers and
traffickers?
Country:
Brazild
Mexicoe Bolivia Colombia Ecuador
Peru
Date:
11/91
11/91
07/91
07/91
07/91
07/91
Sample Size:
(2000)
(1532)
(1199)
(1221)
(1200)
(1201)
Very favorable
54%
31%
12%
12%
38%
55%
Somewhat favorable
18
32
61
48
44
30
Somewhat opposed
7
14
21
34
13
7
Very opposed
17
22
4
3
2
5
Don't know
4
1
3
2
3
3
Total:
100%
100%
101%
99%
100%
100%
TABLE 6: As Well As Technical Aid
Question:
Please tell me how much you are in favor of or against the U.S. providing
technical aid to our government to help in its fight against drug
traffickers?
Country:
Brazil
Mexico
Bolivia Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Date:
11/91
11/91
07/91
07/91
07/91
07/91
Sample Size:
(2000)
(1532)
(1199)
(1221)
(1200)
(1201)
Very favorable
79%
51%
13%
11%
33%
61%
Somewhat favorable
12
35
69
61
59
29
Somewhat opposed
2
5
14
24
6
4
Very opposed
4
8
2
3
1
3
Don't know
3
2
3
2
2
3
Total:
100%
101%
101%
101%
101%
100%
d
In Brazil, the response categories were -- strongly in favor, somewhat in favor,
somewhat against, and strongly against.
In Mexico, the question read "...against drug traffickers."
8
TABLE 7: Sending Equipment and Supplies ...
Question:
Please tell me how much you are in favor of or against sending U.S.
[military] equipment and supplies to be used by our police [and armed
forces] to help fight drug traffickers?
Country:
Brazil
Mexico
Bolivia Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Date:
11/91
11/91
07/91
07/91
07/91
07/91
Sample Size:
(2000)
(1532)
(1199)
(1221)
(1200)
(1201)
Very favorable
77%
47%
10%
7%
29%
49%
Somewhat favorable
11
32
53
44
54
29
Somewhat opposed
3
8
27
41
11
10
Very opposed
5
12
6
6
3
8
Don't know
3
1
5
1
3
4
Total:
99%
100%
101%
99%
100%
100%
TABLE 8: Sending Instructors For Training Purposes ...
Question:
Please tell me how much you are in favor of or against sending U.S.
[military] instructors to assist in training (survey country's) police [and
military] in the fight against drug traffickers?
Country:
Brazil
Mexico
Bolivia Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Date:
11/91
11/91
07/91
07/91
07/91
07/91
Sample Size:
(2000)
(1532)
(1199)
(1221)
(1200)
(1201)
Very favorable
73%
50%
6%
6%
31%
38%
Somewhat favorable
12
28
42
34
53
30
Somewhat opposed
4
8
38
49
11
14
Very opposed
7
13
9
10
3
13
Don't know
3
1
5
1
3
4
Total:
99%
100%
100%
100%
101%
99%
f
In Brazil, civil authorities have complete responsibility for the drug war and in Mexico
they have the primary responsibility. Therefore, the terms military or armed forces
were not used in the questions asked in those countries.
9
TABLE 9: And U.S. And Brazilian Law Enforcement Officials
Working Together in Teams
Question:
Please tell me how much you are in favor of or against U.S. and Brazilian
law enforcement officials working together in teams to combat drug
traffickers.
Country:
Brazil
Mexico
Date:
11/91
11/91
Sample Size:
(2000)
(1532)
Very favorable
80%
69%
Somewhat favorable
11
22
Somewhat opposed
2
3
Very opposed
5
4
Don't know/no
2
2
response
Total:
100%
100%
g
In the Andean survey, the final question in the series asked "Please tell me how much
you are in favor of or against sending U.S. troops to help to fight or arrest drug
traffickers here in (survey country)."
10
TABLE 10: Brazilians Most Favor U.S./Brazilian Cooperation
Question:
Here is the complete list of suggested actions (HAND CARD). Which one of
these actions, if any, do you think is the best way the United States can
help fight against drug traffickers here in (survey country)?
Country:
Brazil
Mexico
Date:
11/91
11/91
Sample Size:
(2000)
(1532)
The U.S. giving
9%
7%
money to (survey
country) to help in
the fight against
drug producers and
traffickers
The U.S. providing
22
18
technical aid to our
Government to help
in it's fight against
drug traffickers
Sending U.S.
15
11
equipment and supplies
to be used by our police
to help fight drug
traffickers
Sending U.S.
12
12
instructors to
assist in training
(survey country's)
police in their fight
against drug traffickers
U.S. and Brazilian
36
49
law enforcement
officials working
together in teams
to fight drug traffickers
None of these are
2
2
good (volunteered)
Don't know/no
response
4
1
Total:
100%
100%
D.C. Group Carries Drug War to Grass Roots
By Ruben Castaneda
fice of Substance Abuse, is budgeted
search, said the attempt to spur
organizer, said she recently got a
to last 15 months. Ruskin said he
Washington Post Staff Writer
neighborhood activism fits in well
taste of how hard it is to recruit ac-,
hopes to get more funding after that
with the "community empower-
tivists at an anti-crime meeting on
It didn't take long for the 27
to keep the program operating.
ment" being stressed by officials.
Capitol Hill. For about two hours,
young people gathered in a Capitol
Steve Rickman, a supervisor in
Still, the effort is just beginning,
residents complained about crime in
Hill church to start discussing
the D.C. Office of Criminal Justice
and organizers acknowledge that get-
their neighbhorhoods and implored
drugs, peer pressure and the way
and Analysis, said the theory behind
ting results will be difficult. One of
police to increase patrols. Afterward,
social status is measured in their
the program is that community res-
the biggest challenges, they say, will
Mundell appealed for volunteers for
rough-and-tumble neighborhoods.
idents, not bureaucrats, know best
be recruiting people to make it work.
the new drug prevention program.
They talked about the guys who
about the drug and alcohol prob-
"There are always people who
Only one person responded.
hustle and make hundreds of dollars
lems in their community and should
come on committees and say
"People don't make the connec-
have a say in how to address them.
they're going to do things, but when
tion between the fact their house
a day, buy fresh clothes and drive
That approach has the support of
it's time for action you don't see
was burglarized and drug abuse,"
nice cars-guys who seem to get
police officials. Mark Brinkman, the
them," said Saleem Hylton, one of
Mundell said. "It's easier to put up
respect on the street.
special assistant to the depart-
the leaders of the effort in Ward 6.
bars on your windows than to ad-
But they talked too of robberies,
ment's director of planning and re-
Clare E. Mundell, another Ward 6
vocate for long-term solutions."
addictions and shootings that left
friends maimed or dead. One girl
told of seeing her mother smoking
crack and vowing never to do it her-
self, only to succumb later. She
fought back tears as she talked of
struggling to recover for the sake of
her two young children.
And when all the discussion was
over, something had been accom-
plished. Eleven of the young people
said they would be willing to help
educate others about the seductive-
ness of drugs and help them avoid
the mistakes they had made.
The recent meeting was an early
step in an ambitious new effort to
combat drug use in the city, a
grass-roots approach that organ-
izers hope will succeed where oth-
ers have stagnated.
With federal money, the creators
of the Community Partnership
Demonstration Program plan to
begin individualized drug-preven-
tion programs in all eight of the
city's wards-an approach that will
TUESDAY. DECEMBER 27, 1988
A SPECIAL REPORT
GETTING HOOKED
GETTING HELP
Beyond Crime and Punishment:
The Medical Side of
The War on Drugs
GEETINGHOOMED
GEFTINGHEEP
The Medical Side of the War on Drugs
hey are the forgotten trenches in Washington's war
perience their greatest turmoil after the drug abuser enters treat-
on drugs: hospital emergency rooms, church base-
ment-which forces members to change the way they relate to one
ments, methadone clinics and halfway houses, doc-
another.
tors' offices, public rehab centers and private re-
In all of this, there is little consensus on what constitutes effective
treats, city parks and suburban living rooms.
therapy. Drug addiction is considered a disease, but unlike cancer or
Beyond crime and punishment, the medical bat-
heart attack, there are no medicines or surgical procedures to combat
tlefield is where the zonked and the overdosed
addiction.
come with the stabbed and the shot for care-
"Treatment is not very much of a science at this point," says Fred
where the victims of violence line up next to users
Holmquist, a counselor at Hazelden, a nationally known private treat-
held hostage to their cravings.
ment center in Minnesota, "It's hard even to say what's a success."
Now the Omnibus Drug Act of: 1988, signed into law last month, has
Most treatment programs, sooner or later, encourage their patients
called for a major expansion of treatment and education programs across
to join a support group such as Alcoholics Anonymous or Narcotics
the country aimed at the more than 70 million Americans who have used
Anonymous.
drugs. To be sure, the main strategy of the new law is to sweep the
But many addicts never even get into treatment. At one cocaine
streets of dealers and drug lords. But political leaders also addressed the
hotline in a private clinic in the District, only half the people who call
demand side of the drug war and earmarked $1.5 billion to treatment and
in make an appointment; of those, only half show up. "Anything is
rehabilitation, needed by an estimated 6 million people.
easier to deal with than crack addicts," says clinical psychologist Ron-
Nowhere is the drug war more savage than in the nation's capital,
ald Wynne, who runs the hotline. "They make you feel so impotent."
where drug use continues to escalate and drug-related homicides set
For counselors who have long worked with alcoholics, drug addic-
a record this year.
tion presents even a greater challenge. To begin with, drugs are il-
Treatment centers, meanwhile, are overwhelmed and unprepared
legal. But beyond that, less is known about the way drugs affect the
for the new waves of addicts, especially the growing number of
body and the mind-and how the damage can be undone. What's
"crack" users, who tend to be younger and poorer than cocaine users
more, people may become addicted to drugs more quickly than to
of a decade ago. Waiting lists at clinics are long-several months at
alcohol. Yet the fundamental tasks-breaking the habit and starting
some facilities-and treatment at
over-remain the same. As the
private rehabilitation centers can
drug war intensifies from city
reach $10,000 or more for a
streets to suburban schoolyards,
month-an effective way of "just
political pressure for expansion of
saying no" to treatment for many
services is bound to increase.
abusers.
"We often say that our youth
Medical scientists, moreover,
are our most important re-
are just beginning to unravel the
source," says Dr. Sidney Shank-
biochemical dynamics of drug
man, executive director of the
addiction. Is there a genetic fac-
Second Genesis treatment pro-
tor similar to the familial patterns
gram. "If that is really true, then
of alcoholism? Can the brain dam-
'war against drugs' is not a melo-
age from drugs such as cocaine
dramatic phrase but an altogeth-
be permanent?
er fitting and pragmatic one."
And the addicts themselves
WASHINGTON POST HEALTH/DECEMBER 27, 1988
aren't the only victims. What
happens to families when one
Above, a woman with hands scarred- from
member gets hooked on chem-
drug abuse. Left, two people in a New York
icals? Indeed, some families ex-
crack house.
5
GELTINGHOOKED
Undoing the Damage
Even After an Addict Quits, Recovery Is a Lifelong Struggle
By Don Colburn
Washington Post Staff Writer
has a waiting list, ranging from a few days
to a few months. "There are a piethora of
0 one who has not been there can
cases and a dearth of services," Shankman
N
know what it is truly like.
said. "To turn these people away is to aso
Which is why so many drug coun-
sign them to a death sentence at worst or at
selors have addictions in their past.
best, a life of living hell."
"Sitting here with this tie and white jack-
Nationally there are only 250,000 treat-
et on gives a certain impression," says Fe-
ment slots available--one for every 24
derico Dansan. 52. a treatment counselor at
Americans who are estimated to need drug
the District's inner-city MASS Clinic. "Usu-
abuse treatment, according to the House
ally they think I'm a doctor and that I don't
Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and
know anything about the streets or drugs.
Control.
"Then I tell 'em my story," says the man
"We who do not use drugs cannot under-
whose flock of "pigeons"-his 41 patients
stand why people can't just stop-like
and fellow recovering addicts and alcohol-
that-using drugs," said Dr. Lynette Mun-
ics-call him "Good Feelin' Fred."
dey, a family physician and medical director
He tells them how he dropped out of Fran-
of the MASS Clinic. "After you've lost your
cis Junior High School in the ninth grade, and
job, your home, your family, why can't you
how at the age of 15 he watched with fasci-
just stop?
nation as a stranger in a third-floor bathroom
"But that's the nature of the beast."
of the old Dunbar Hotel at 15th and U shot a
All too easy to start, all too hard to stop.
drug called heroin. How he tried it himself,
"This is a disease." Mundey said. "It's a
learning to wedge the crude needle into the
chronic disease just like diabetes or hyperten-
eye dropper with the wet edges of a dollar bill
sion. It's a progressive disease. which means
to hold it airtight and then squeezed the baby
that if you do nothing about it, just like dia-
pacifier nipple at the other end to blow the
betes or hypertension, it can be fatal."
stuff into his veins.
Relapse is a particularly worrisome prob-
How the first time. of course, he felt sick
lem during the holidays.
BILL DALZIN, 20, lives in Lawrence Court Halfway House in Rockville and
and threw up-and then got sweet-dreamy
"Addicts, too, see the holidays as a time
high. How he mainlined everything, "speed-
works as a metorcycle courier downtown. He smoked pet for the first time at
of celebration," Mundey said, "and all they
balling" heroin and cocaine at the same
the age of 7 and, over the next decade, moved ONE to other drugs and aicohol,
know about celebrating is getting high."
time. How he was soon doing $100 worth a
freebasing cocaine regularly after age 15. He dropped out of the nixth grade. Ir
day, supporting his habit with larceny and
October, he "hit bettom" and wound up in a Mentgomery County detexification
Polydrug Use
theft. How he ran out of drugs one day in
program at Shady Grove. He hasn't used drugs since. Daizin, who has a 4-year-
old son, attends growp counseling once a week and goes to a meeting of Alce
Beyond the sheer rise in drug use, the pat-
the '60s and, desperate, went to New York
holics Anenymous, Narcetics Anonymous of Cocaine Anonymous every day.
term has changed radically, said Scott McMil-
for the afternoon and stayed 10 years. How
lin, director of the addiction treatment center
he lived off the streets and in them and how
" didn't do it for pleasure. I did it
being sent to jail was always a relief. How
set. After paying lawyer's fees, I
at Suburban Hospital in Bethesda.
more to get in with the crowd of
he came to know he was a heroin addict but
walked away with $29,500-and
Most drug programs were initially mod-
never believed he could become an alcohol-
older kids. When I first started trying
spent all of it before January.
eled on alcohol treatment. But in the past
ic, too.
pot, it wasn't every day or every
By then. I was spending about
few years, drug centers have been
And how. 21 years after he last shot her-
week. But for a 7-year-old I guess
$300 every other day on drugs.
swamped by an influx of even more chal-
oin and 12 years free of alcohol, that ninth-
that was still pretty regular.
lenging cases: young men and women in
I started seiling marijuana to make
I was probably 12 when I first used
their teens and twenties, most of whom are
grade dropout has a master's degree and a
money to buy cocaine. I was real
mission-to help others like himself help
cocaine, but I didn't start buying it till
"polydrug" users-taking more than one
strung out and couldn't hold a job. I
I was 15. I dropped out of school in
drug. often with alcohol.
themselves.
was used to waking up at 6 clock in
"Instead of having to teach them about
"I can't make them stop drinking and
the ninth grade. My girlfriend got
the evening and partying nonstop till
one drug-alcohot-you had to teach them
drugging," Dansan says. "They got to do it
pregnant, and my mother kicked me
6 a.m.
out of the house.
about as many as a dozen different drugs,"
themselves."
Having to depend on my girifriend
McMillin said. And the relapse rate of these
I got a job with a catering
to support me-and my drug
multiple-drug users is even higher than that
company, and then at a car wash, and
habit-was depressing on my part
of alcoholics.
More than 70 million Americans over age
then as a courier. But I always ended
and aggravating on her part, and
"There's no such thing as a heroin addict
12 have tried marijuana, cocaine or other
up quitting.
eventually I had to leave. I moved out
anymore," said Ron Clark. director and CO=
illega! drugs, the National Institute on Drug
Cocaine was always around.
and ended up staying wherever I
founder of RAP Inc., a residential drug
Abuse has reported. Two million have tried
Eventually, after snorting cocaine on
could. Sometimes I'd stay out in a
treatment program in Laurel. The heroin
heroin.
a regular basis, I began freebasing. It
drug neighborhood three or four days
addict is a crack addict. The crack addict is
WASHINGTON POST HEALTH/DECEMBER 27. 1988
In the Washington area. a recent RAND
was offered to me by a friend; and
in a row with no sleep, without a
doing PCP. They'll get high on whatever's
Corp. study found, the drug problem is worse
like a dummy, I said sure. I never
shower. in the same clothes. I had a
available."
than in most comparable cities for heroin, PCP
snorted again after that.
good meal about every three days.
The sudden availability of "crack"-
(phencyclidine or "angel dust") and cocaine. In
I had an excuse for everything I
Last October I hit bottom and
cheap, potent, smokable form of cocaine-
the severity of its PCP problem, the study
did. Once I started freebasing, every
wound up in detox, and Date haven't used
"really sent this thing through the wall."
said. "Washington stands alone."
time I got some money I'd spend it on
drugs since the first week of October.
said Dr. Kenneth T. Larsen, chairman of
Beyond the official estimates, ask any
that. I was using about twice a
I go to urinalysis twice a week,
the emergency department at Greater
parent, any schoolchild, any cop or cab drivo
month, $150 to $200 at a time.
Southeast Community Hospital.
er, and they'll tell you the drug problem is
group counseling once a week and
In 1986, I got hit by a car at 16th
"Nobody was expecting a cocaine epidem-
bad and getting worse.
meetings every day, which helps a
and K and broke my leg. The next
ic," Suburban's McMillin said. "We had been
It's much easier to get drugs than it is to
lot. I also went into family therapy,
September, in an insurance
taught that cocaine was not an addictive
get treatment," said Dr. Sidney Shankman, a
because I want my family back and
settlement, I was offered $50,000. I
drug, and therefore nobody bothered to de-
psychiatrist and executive director of Second
want to be trusted again. I'm still
velop treatments for it."
Genesis, a residential treatment program.
took the money and figured I was all
trying to learn to want it for myself."
Today, the most common pattern seen at
Virtually every drug treatment center
the Suburban center is cocaine plus alcohol
6
See DRUGS, Page 8
Wilson comforts her infant son, Reggie, at the hospital.
PHOTOGRAPHS BY CAROL GUZY
-THE WASHINGTON POST
SHARON WILSON, 30. has been using PCP "on weakends" fee about a year.
Unomployed and unmarried, she has five children ages 10 and under, including an
8-wesk-old baby, Reggie, who was born Oct. 30 and went through withdrawal frem
both cocaine and PCP before going home. Reggie was readmitted to Greater South
east Community Hospital the night of Dec. 11 with preumenia. Wilson lives on $533 a
meath in welfare benefits, plus feed stamps, in a Southeast dupies apartment with no
phone and--- the night she brought Reggie to the hospital emergency reem-no
heat or het water. The lew temperature was 12 degrees that night.
"
started smoking PCP a year ago,
prevent seizures. He's been sick since he
just weekends. It makes me relax. I
was born. PCP-it's not good for
do it with people, same amount every
anyone. I was going to go into a 21-day
time. I drink beer every day. [Reggie]
detox program on Tuesday, but I didn't
WASHINGTON POST HEALTH/DECEMBER 27, 1988
was in the hospital 11 days after he was
have anyone to watch my kids."
born. They gave him phenobarbital to
7
GEETINGHOOKED
DRUGS. From Page 6
or cocaine pius PCP. Alcohoi, cocaine. PCP,
heroin-in that order but often in combi-
nation-are the drugs most commonly in-
volved in emergency room cases at Greater
Southeast, Larsen said.
What's more, intravenous drug use, a
devastating crisis in itself. now poses an
additional horror: the threat of spreading
AIDS. The human immunodeficiency virus.
or HIV, which causes AIDS, can be spread
through sexual relations, sharing of intra-
venous needles or passage from mother to
offspring during pregnancy or childbirth. By
some estimates, as many as 60 percent of
the heroin addicts in New York City now
carry the AIDS virus.
At drug treatment centers such as the
MASS (Move Addicts toward Self-
Sufficiency) Clinic, 33 N St. NE. there are
no easy cases. Most clients abuse more than
one drug. often in combination with alcohol.
Many have multiple health problems beyond
their drug habits. Some are homeless-a
few live in cars-and all too many have no
health insurance. A growing percentage
test positive for HIV.
Mundey recalls one of her toughest cases
of the past year: a heroin addict referred to
the clinic by the courts. A woman in her
30s, she lived with her two young children
in a room with no hot water. no reliable
heat or electricity. Besides her heroin ad-
diction. she abused cocaine. She tested pos-
itive for HIV but could not be placed in a
hospice because she did not yet have symp-
toms of AIDS. Mundey and the clinic staff
despaired of what to do with the woman,
until a "solution" presented itself: She was
sent to jail for violating parole.
"For the first time in a while. she's get-
Gaidurgis and his 7-year-old son. Matthew.
ting three square meals a day." Mundey
said. "She can bathe every day. Her children
are in foster care. It was the best solution in
this case-unfortunately."
PERRY GAIDURGIS, 31, is the oldest of eight children. At 16, he was 8
important thing in my life.
We drank and drugged in prison.
Growing Medical Burden
callege-bound athlete in Prince George's County who made good gradez and held
a part-time job teaching karate. Six months later, he had dropped out of school
We made jailhouse wine. I was
The overlapping social and medical needs
and was robbing gas stations and convenience stores to buy marijuana, PCP and
smoking grass every day. I attended
of drug abusers have a growing impact on
alcohol. He was sentenced in lanuary 1976 to prisen for an $8 armed robbery.
the self-help groups in prison. Like-
emergency rooms around the city.
While he was in prisen, his sister, Julia, alse a PCP addict, committed suicide.
most people, I went there to get out of
"The problem is not just the drug abus-
Today, Gaidergis, who is separated from his wife, is father to Matthew, 7, and
jail. The parole board likes it if you go.
ers," Greater Southeast's Larsen said. "It's
lesse, 6. its works as a consultant to drug treatment pregrams.
But if you bring the body, the mind
also the people they have abused because of
will follow. A light bulb went off for
their abuse"-the gunshot victims and oth-
me in my second meeting.
"P
rison saved my life. I either
the prison.
I think that drug addicts only lie
er casualties of the drug distribution wars.
would have committed suicide.
The first time I got high, I was by
when we move our lips. I was just
Almost all the drug users treated at the
before my sister did. or somebody
myself. I took two of my brother's
stuck in denial. but [ began to change
hospital lack health insurance. Most are
would have killed me. My sister was
joints, tried smoking them. and
in these meetings. I finally got sick
treated and released-but many of them
20 when she committed suicide. It was
nothing happened. A couple of weeks
and tired of being sick and tired. In
eventually show up again.
real devastating. I was one of the last
later. I got drunk and high [on
February 1978. I took my last drink. I
"We see a lot of repeaters." Larsen said.
people to talk to her before she died.
marijuanaj with a coupie or buddies.
kept smoking PCP. and marijuana. but
There's one guy we have snatched back
She called to cancel a trip to see me at
Six months later. drugs were the most
stopped on Aug. 29. 1978."
from the brink of death seven times."
To understand the current drug crisis,
WASHINGTON POST TH/DECEMBER 27. 1988
said Suburban Hospital's McMillin. it helps
to think of crack as "the greatest marketing.
$150, $200 just to get in the door," McMil-
vidual counseling. Outpatient programs pro-
afford inpatient care and must rely on public
device in the history of drug use.
lin said. "Now, it's there for $20 or $30."
vide essentially the same services, but the
outpatient clinics, many of which already have
"It's extremely cheap, so almost every-
The National Institute on Drug Abuse
patient comes in one or more times a week.
long waiting lists of heroin addicts.
one can afford it. And you get a tremendous
estimates that several thousand Americans
But there's another factor that separates
At the MASS Clinic and several others
rate of return business."
a day are trying cocaine for the first time.
treatment programs-cost. A private inpa-
run by the District's Alcohol and Drug
The crack epidemic has led to a "second
"If only 5 percent of those get caught and
tient 28-day program can cost up to
Abuse Services Administration, heroin ad-
wave" of cocaine users that rehabilitation
referred for help," McMillin said. "you're
$10,000, which effectively limits such
dicts can receive daily doses of methadone,
centers are still struggiing to catch up with.
overwhelming treatment centers."
treatment to people with broad health in-
a synthetic morphine-like drug that pro-
The second-wave cocaine users tend to be
Drug treatment programs fall into two
surance. Public programs. chronically und-
duces a high less intense than heroin's.
younger. less affluent-and less well insured.
basic categories: inpatient and outpatient.
ertunded, are left to struggie to meet the
Methadone IS controversial because it too
Adoiescent cocaine addicts. rare 10 years
Inpatient programs typically require a 28-
growing need for care of uninsured, less
can cause dependency and can be abused.
ago, are common today.
day round-the-clock stay, including detoxi-
affluent drug users.
"But you can't help these patients if you
"Ten years ago, you had to have $100,
fication, medical checkup. group and indi-
Most of the second-wave crack users cannot
can't talk to them." said the MASS Clinic's
8
Mundey. "You've got to somehow stabilize
The RAP program lasts up to 18 months
them physically so that you can talk to
them." Patients are weaned off methadone
and includes classes, recreation, group ther-
within 21 days if possible.
apy, one-on-one counseling and work as-
Methadone treatment alone, without
signments. No drugs-not even metha-
counseling and follow-up care, is not
done-are allowed on the campus.
Prospective residents are referred to
enough, said Mark Parrino, who directs a
New York City clinic and heads the North-
RAP by the courts, ciergy. clinics or com-
east Regional Methadone Coalition. cover-
munity groups and selected after an inter-
ing nine states and the District of Columbia.
view. The program, supported by District
"Some people say we don't have the mon-
funds and private fundraising, does not
charge residents.
ey to do it all, so let's just give them basic
medication to stabilize them and then worry
"It's the reverse of what happens in a
about support and counseling services later
correctional setting," said Clark. 53, himself
on. That's very dangerous." Parrino said.
a heroin addict in the 1960s. "Prisons are
"Methadone only draws them in. It
unreal environments. We create a real
doesn't rehabilitate them. It satisfies the
environment."
pharmacologic craving of the addict and
At least 25 percent of the residents who
means he doesn't have to go out and get
complete the 18-month RAP program stay
high and steal anything. It keeps him from
off drugs for at least five years, Clark said.
having to use needles all the time. But it's a
Second Genesis, another long-term res-
technology that can shoot itself in the foot if
idential program for drug users, runs five
support services aren't provided."
facilities in the Washington metropolitan
Trouble is, most communities don't want
area: one in the District, one in Virginia and
"community" drug treatment clinics in their
three in Maryland. The five house more
midst. Drug abuse clinics are "perfect tar-
than 300 residents at a time, but each fa-
gets for critics," Dr. Edward Senay of the
cility has a waiting list of 30 to 50. Appli-
University of Chicago has written, because
cants typically have to wait three or four
of what he calls their "one-third, one-third,
months to get in. and Second Genesis
one-third results." Typically, about one
turned away 2,500 people this year. said
third of drug abusers do quite well in treat-
executive director Shankman.
ment, another third swings back and forth
Second Genesis offers a highly structured
between better and worse and another third
and disciplinary residential program lasting
makes little or no progress.
a year for adults and eight months for ad-
"If methadone were heart transplants it
olescents. Like RAP, it is seeing more poly-
would be different." Parrino said. "Or insulin
drug users and more young addicts.
therapy for diabetic children-then there
"The youngest in our program are 14.
would be more public support."
but many of these people who come in at 14
The success rate for drug rehabilitation
have been using for years," Shankman said.
is hard to measure and harder to estimate,
Addicts, by definition, are motivated by
but everybody knows it's not very high.
instant gratification, Shankman noted.
"When they turn to you for help, to withhold
McDaniel hugs a patient she is counseling at the MASS Clinic.
Over the long haul. anything above 25 per-
cent is considered good.
that help is a moral felony," he said. "When
Hazelden, a Minnesota center that has
you keep them on a waiting list. you are
become a model for inpatient alcohol and
assigning them in many cases to a death
UALAUNDA McDANIEL, 37, works as a treatment counselor at the
drug treatment programs nationally, boasts
sentence on the street."
MASS Clinic, an inner-city drug elinie ran under contract for the District. She
one of the most successful records of reha-
has three daughters and a son, ranging in age from 7 to 15. From her teens
bilitation. Still, just under 50 percent of its
Relapse Risks
until about five years ago, she drank and used a variety of illegal drugs, includ-
drug patients report that they are "clean"
ing pot, "speed," mescaline and herein. A childhood victim of physical and sex®
Getting into treatment is only the first
uai abuse, she had spent time in numerous local schools, homes. and programs
one year after treatment.
step to recovery. And hard as it is to stop
for troubled youth-and in jail-by the time she underwent detexification at
using drugs. it's even harder to stay
Seton House five years ago.
Residential Programs
stopped. "When someone starts back into a
With injected drugs such as heroin and
drug-using environment, you feel very un-
" C was tear-I asked for help. I
Anonymous. I ain't looked back
some forms of cocaine, the social taboos are
easy because all the behavioral cues are
had nothing else to do but die.
since.
strongest and the challenge greatest. said
there. That's what scares you," said
At Seton House, I learned the
I'm kind of blessed. I've had
Dr. William Flynn, a psychiatrist and direc-
Georgetown's Flynn. "If you take someone
chemical side of drugs. And at
exposure to both sides-the
tor of the alcohol and drug abuse clinic at
who doesn't have insurance or a job or fam-
meetings. they really 'stripped' you
prominent, social world and the
Georgetown University Medical Center.
ily, the treatment options for him are pretty
and got real. People didn't reject me.
ghetto, welfare world. Rum cokes
"Aggressive intervention has to be even
poor. And so are the recovery statistics."
No matter how crazy I got, people
were my first drug of choice. I went
more aggressive to break through the de
As with alcoholism or heart attack, re-
put their arms around me and
to all the best schools, Western and
nial and change the whole social situation
habilitation is a lifelong struggle.
accepted me. I've grown to love
Sacred Heart and Holy
the person is living in. It takes months."
"Your enemy is human nature." Subur-
these folks. They' still like that
Providence-and I also went to
That's the rationale for such long-term
ban's McMillin said. "Whenever we can't
with me. and they won't let me get
Junior Village and Cedar Knoil and
'sick'
residential programs as RAP and Second
Jessup Women's Detention.
cure a disease, the patient becomes the pri-
Genesis. "You have a young man or woman
I was there 28 days and the
mary clinician."
I been there. It gives me an
who's been using drugs five years-you
morning I left I went straight to a
A relapse. unfortunately, is not "abnor-
empathy and compassion. an ability
noon meeting of Alcoholics
can't change that in 21 days or 90 days,"
mai behavior for a drug addict. It's all-too-
to understand other people."
said RAP director Clark. "They need time
normai, which is why it's so difficult to
to adjust and change their whole relation-
break the cycle of addiction.
ship with the world."
The key is getting patients to join some
RAP. which stands for Regional Addic-
kind of support group such as Alcoholics
But nobody said it was easy.
Grown children may have to deal with
tion Prevention, was founded in 1970. But
Anonymous or Narcotics Anonymous,
"In some ways it's like learning how to
long-suppressed anger about missing our on
its residents today are younger, include
Georgetown's Flynn said. Studies have
ride a bicycle at age 35." said Myra Bridge-
a normal childhood. The whole family may
more women and are much more likely to
shown that people who leave treatment
forth, a family therapist and clinic director
have to learn to live without a convenient
be polydrug users.
of PIERRS Family Services in Fairfax. "It
centers and get involved with AA OF NA
scapegoat for every problem. Perhaps a
Ten years ago, the typical RAP resident
feels pretty stupid, and you assume that
meetings have higher success rates than
spouse must deal with the renewed intima-
was a 30-year-old male heroin addict, Clark
those who don't go to such meetings.
everybody's looking at you and laughing."
cy of being married to someone who is no
WASHINGTON POST HEALTH/DECEMBER 27, 1988
said. Today, the average age is 22. Nearly 40
"The reasons why it works are specula-
Any family whose relationship has come
longer drunk or stoned much of the time.
percent are women. Most use multiple drugs,
to depend on alcohol or drug use must make
tive." Flynn said. "But the bottom line is, it
"In reality," Bridgeforth said, "when that
with crack addicts increasingly common.
big adjustments when one of its members
works."
30-day program is over is when it really hits
goes into treatment.
the fan."
9
GETTINGHOOKED
GETTINGHELP
The Personality Factor
Human Complexities Stump Psychologists Searching for a Typical Drug Addict
By Saily Squires
Washington Post Statt Writer
logical profiles to try to screen out addicts,
they can probably catch a few individuals.
t is the quintessential chicken or the
"But they will also screen out some of the
I
egg question: Which comes first? Are
best fighter pilots and some of the most suc-
certain people born with character
cessful stockbrokers." says Lang, because
traits that make them prone to becom>>
they share some similar personality traits.
ing drug addicts? Or do drugs themselves
cause the personality changes documented
Environment and Biology
in so many addicts under treatment?
This is why the most popular theory
Addiction researchers have been strug-
about addiction today centers on a combi-
gling with that question for decades, and each
nation of causes.
wave of new scientific knowledge is revealing
In alcoholism, genetics has been shown to
more of the nuances of addiction. Yet. just as
play a role. But placing the blame on genes
there is DO stereotypical alcoholic, there also
alone is too simple. researchers say, because
is not an average Joe Drug Addict.
the majority of children of alcoholics don't be-
"I'd like to have a nice clean answer about
come alcoholics or drug addicts themselves.
the causes of addiction, too," says Alan
Environment clearly is a factor, too-one
Lang, a psychologist who studies substance
reason that being poor, uneducated and a
abuse at Florida State University in Taila-
minority is about as risky for drug abuse as
hassee. "But it's not likety to be found."
is having an alcoholic parent.
Hard as researchers have tried, they
Basic biology is also important. Labora-
have not been able to uncover a psycholog-
tory studies show that when a variety of
ical profile of addiction that can be used to
animals are given habit-forming drugs and
predict who will become an addict.
McPhatter undergoes inhalation treatment for AIDS-reiated pneumonia.
are allowed to take them in unlimited quan-
"The studies have been failures," says
tities, they become addicted.
David LaChar, director of the Psychological
"An the drugs that laboratory animals can
Assessment Laboratory at the University of
be trained- to give themselves are drugs of
Texas Mental Sciences Institute in Hous-
CHERYL McPHATTER, 31, lives in Asscestia. She teek both horsie and
abuse in the general population," says John
ton. "There isn't one personality associated
cecaine intraveneusly for about five years beginning in 1983. Fourteen months
Grabowski, who studies addiction at the Uni-
with substance abuse. and there isn't one
age, she was diagnesed as having AIDS. is the past year, two of her former boy.
versity: of Texas Health Science Center in
path that leads to substance abuse."
friends, both of whom also used i.v. drugs, died of AIDS. She has survived three
Houston. "Those drugs that the animals
But there are clues. Psychological tests of
beats of pneumecystis pneumonia in the past year and is being treated in the
refuse (to give themselves] are generally not
groups of drug users show some personality
outpatient AIDS clinic at Georgetown Hospital. A former typist at several Wash
a problem in society. Unless you are willing to
differences according to the types of drugs
ington Law firms, she new supports herself OR a disability benefit of $445 per
make the argument that all the animals who
preferred. People who reported preferring
menth. She says she has net had sexual relations or shared drug needles since
become addicted in the laboratory have a per-
marijuana to other drugs had average scores
she was diagnosed. She has net used illegal drugs in the past two months.
sonality defect, the basic biological effect of
on a test known as the Minnesota Multiphasic
drugs has to be important."
Personality Inventory (MMPD. By compar-
ison, individuals who preferred psychotropic
A
$ to how I contracted AIDS,
Once an individual has become physically
share of oats and had my share of
your guess is as good as mine.
hooked. on a drug. important psychological
drugs such as tranquilizers and antidepres-
boyfriends. I'm not looking for a man.
I had major surgery in 1985 and
changes can take place. Where recreational
When they told me I had AIDS I
sants. were more likely to show psychiatric
received a blood transfusion. I was
drug use is controlled by social cues-a week-
turned into a real basket case. I felt
symptoms. And drug users who preferred
doing heroin and cocaine
end party, celebrating after work with
barbiturates, such as dalmane, and stimu-
guilty because I thought I brought it
intravenously for about five years,
friends-in addiction the cues for taking the
on myself. Now I'm doing better, but
lants, such as amphetamines or cocaine, were
nearly every day. Two of my
it's a real hard thing.
drug have shifted. The drug's pharmacological
more likely to score as sensation-seekers or
ex-boyfriends died of AIDS in the
effects-the emotional highs and lows caused
I stopped sharing needles last year.
to report feeling depressed, stressed or alien-
past year.
by the drug-that determine when the user
I went out and got my own works. If
ated from society on the MMPL
I shared needles all the time before
will take the drug again. "АП the control," says
anybody wanted to use my works. I
That's one reason that many addiction
I got sick with AIDS. I didn't really
Grabowski, "now resides in the drug."
wouldn't let them, even if they would
researchers believe some addicts are drawn
pay attention to the AIDS issue until
clean them with bleach.
to drugs as a way of unconsciously treating
Brain Damage
I started getting sick. At the time,
I haven't really tried [to notify
their own psychological problems.
some people were saying black
former sex partners that she has
Studies show that drugs that depress the
"But it's hard to separate the cart from
people didn't get AIDS.
AIDS], even though sometimes I
brain's function-such as heroin and mor-
the horse," LaChar says. "It's crucial to look
Now I'm what you call celibate-I
think I should. Most of them are in
phine--can cause brain damage. But how
at what their personalities were like before
don't have any sex. Even if I used
the drug community. I rationalize it
quickly that damage occurs is yet to be de
they started taking drugs," he says, because
condoms, I couldn't enjoy sex
by saying they probably have it
termined. "We don't know exactly at what
many drugs cause chronic depression and
anymore. I figure I've sowed my
anyway."
point you cross the Rubicon and your brain
WASHINGTON POST HEALTH/DECEMBER 27, 1988
other symptoms, including memory loss.
is altered," says Kenneth Adams, director of
When employers and others use psycho=
psychology at the Veteran's Administration
Hospital in Ann Arbor, Mich.
HEROIN
ACTIVE INGREDIENT
HOW USED
EFFECTS SOUGHT
IMPACT ON BODY
EFFECTS OF OVERDOSE
DEPENDENCE/WITHDRAWAL
Diacetyl morphine. a.
White, gray or brown
Euphoria
Can cause
Slow, shallow
semi-synthetic
Causes high degree of
powder can be
restlessness,
narcotic substance.
breathing, clammy
physical,
injected. snorted or
vomiting, drowsiness.
skin, convulsions,
prepared from
smoked.
psychological
Repeated use may
coma. possible death.
dependence.
morphine.
lead to infection of
Withdrawal leads to
heart lining and
nausea, cramps, chills
valves, skin
and sweating, pame,
abscesses, congested
tremors, irritability,
lungs.
loss of appetite.
TO
LLOYD WALTERS, 22, is at the
end of a 21-day stay at the Montgom
ary County Mapiewood intermediate
Hatfway House, where he is "pretty
sure" be has finished with drugs.
didn't think I had a problem
when I came. Now I know I'm
an addict.
I was using PCP. It makes you feel
strong, you know? But then I found it
was getting that I couldn't remember
nothing. Then I started smoking
Sherman sticks-cigarettes
(marijuana) that you dipped in
'water.' Water was embalming fluid.
Then I smoked green-parsiey with
PCP on it. But the side effect was
that I'd cry every time I used it. I
started selling coke. And using it.
I was the only one around that had
it and everybody was looking for
Lloyd. All of a sudden I started to
accumulate more and more friends,
you know, people I didn't know. All
they was asking for was Lloyd, Lloyd.
Lloyd. That's my name, Lloyd. I
guess somebody toid the police.
I wouldn't recommend drugs for
nobody."
Even weekly. episodic drug use-the
This inability to understand simple CORP
some strong psychological symptoms, One of
change when they stop using drugs. A very
kind that many people have considered rec-
cepts can also affect treatment and recovery.
the most severe is cocaine psychosis-- COOP
likable person WY / appear out of the ugliness."
reational and benign-has been found to
Therapists, says Adams, must "make sure an
dition that occurs when the brain has more
After quitting a drug, the emotional issues
cause significant brain damage over several
best they can that recovering addicts are
cocame than it can handle: PCP can cause &
that existed before the addiction still must be
years. "There's variability be
drawing the conclusions that should be drawn
similar psychosis: people who take an over
dealt with "Most drug addicts have a desper-
tween individuals," says Peter Nathan, die
from therapy and treatment.
dose CBR become violent and disoriented, and
ate need to act out to cope with underlying
rector of alcohol studies at Rutgers, the
Whether drag-induced brain damage is ne
this can occur even in longtime users.
feelings of anxiety and depression." explains
state university of New Jersey. "Some peo-
versible is still being investigated. But research
Behavior may also change. The addict
Robert Kirsch, a clinical psychologist who
pie can be using drugs for as little as a cou-
012 alcoholics suggests that there are "slow but
becomes irrespossible, untrustworthy and
practices in Bethesda. When the drugs are
pie of years and begin to develop these
measurable improvements," Adamo says.
unpredictable as be or she is consumed by
gone and the have has lifted, those feelings
signs of brain damage. Others may take
There can also be psychological residues of
finding more of the drug.
must still be confronted.
drugs for 20 years and not show it"
addiction that produce surprisingly strong
But once the addict is no longer under
Groups like Narcotics Anonymous "give
The general rule, however, in that those
physical reactions even after the person has
the influence, those psychological changes
them support so that they can endure, and
who take drugs more often stand to suffer
stopped using drugs. Scientific papers cite the
apear to go away. "There is no systematic
hopefully work through this underlying de-
more damage, and those who mix their po-
case of a former addict who used to buy drugs
tione-alcohol and heroin, for example-are.
at the 30th Street train station in Philadelphia.
research that shows that people's percep-
pression and anxiety," Kirsch says. "But it
at greatest danger of brain damage. In a study
A year after kicking his habit, the addict found
tions change [during addiction]," says Flor-
takes a tremendous amount of support and
probably everyday attendance at meetings
of people who used several types of drugs daily
that simply going to the station produced the
ida State University's Lang.
same nausea and the cold chills be experienced
Some characteristics ascribed to drug
to get through that kind of crisis and to stay
over a period of years, Adams and his cot-
leagues found that more than 25 percent
as an active addict desperate for a fix.
abuse may just be exaggerations of behavior
away from the drugs."
showed significant mental impairment, primar-
Psychologists call this phenomenon clas-
common to everyone. Denial, for example,
Which is why so many addicts fail. Red-
ily in language skills and memory. Drug users
sical conditioning. "If you walk into a won-
is not unique to addicts and alcoholics.
skins star Dexter Manley, who was treated
with this impairment, for example, had diffi
derful Italian or French bakery, you will
At the same time, addicts seem to have
for alcohol abuse and has now just re-en-
culty speiling simple words such as "shout" and
probably salivate." Grabowski says, just as a
patterns of thinking that help maintain the ad-
tered the Minnesota-based Hazeiden clinic
"believe" and reading a newspaper.
recovering alcoholic may crave a drink in
diction and lead others to view them as
for more help, puts it this way: "When
Adams speculates that either the drug
the neighborhood bar where he used to ime
"sleazy, slimy people who cheat, he. steal and
you're in- program, they say, 'Stop drink-
users in the study started taking drugs care
bibe. Similarly, people who have become
become rude, arrogant, narcissistic and ugly."
ing and everything gets better, life gets bet.
ly enough in their educational careers to
sick from a particular food sometimes de
says psychologist Ronald Wynns, who runs
ter.' Well, I stopped drinking and whatever
have their learning disrupted, or they had
velop an aversion to that food that can last
the Washington Assessment and Therapy
else, but then you get in touch with reality
learning problems to start with, which
the rest of their lives.
clinic in the District. "But one of the really
I said to myself, 'I did all that, and it
helped lead them into the drug subculture.
There's no question that drugs can produce
nice things is that you really do see them
didn't ges all better.'
$
BARBITURATES
ACTIVE INGREMENT
NOW USED
EFFECTS sought
IMPACT on BODY
EFFECTS OF OVERDOSE
Phenobarbital,
Tablets or capsules,
Lessening of anxiety.
Can cause slurred
Shallow respiration,
Barbiturates result in
pentobarbital,
taken orally OF
or euphoria.
speech, staggering
cold, clammy skin,
moderate to high
secobarbital or
injected.
gait, poor judgment
dilated pupils, weak
physical and
amobarbital.
and uncertain
and rapid puise. coma
psychological
reflexes. Large doses
and possible death.
dependence.
can cause
Symptoms of
unconsciousness and
withdrawal include
death.
anxiety; insomnia,
tremors, delirium,
convulsions.
11
GETTINGHOOKED
GETTINGHEI
How Drugs Attack the Brain
Signals for Survival Give Way to Demands for Pleasure
By Larry Thompson
produce the same high. It also upsets the
addiction-even pleasure-is not just the
er researchers have looked with amazement
Washington Post Staff Writer
receptors on the receiving nerve.
direct effect of chemicals on the brain.
This is the essence of drug tolerance,
at the widespread destruction ecstasy can
Steven Dworkin at Louisiana State Uni-
ith each-10th press of the lever,
said Dr. Steve M. Paul, scientific director of
do to the brain's so-cailed serotonergic sys-
versity School of Medicine in Shreveport
W
tem. a nerve cell network that uses the
the monkey injects itself with
the National Institute of Mental Health.
linked three rats together in an apparatus
chemical serotonin as the neurotransmitter.
cocaine. Liquid pleasure.
Scientists now know that cocaine-------and
that automatically gives them injections.
After only two injections a day for four
if left alone, the monkey will
its smokable form, crack-are physically
One rat gets cocaine when it pushes a lever
days, a standard test dose. the animals lose
push all day. Given a choice between food
addictive primarily for two reasons: The
twice; a second rat receives the same dose
70 to 80 percent of the fibers from those
and cocaine, it will choose cocaine. Cocaine
dopamine-producing nerve cells get wrung
of cocaine as the first, but it doesn't have
serotonin neurons.
over other euphoric drugs. Cocaine over
dry and the receiving neurons turn off their
any control over when it will receive the
The damage from ecstasy is "massive,"
the company of other monkeys. Cocaine
own, overstimulated receptors. That means
cocaine. A third rat receives a simuitaneous
over sex.
the proteins on the nerve's surface that rec-
DeSoura said. "It is not subtle in any way."
injection without cocaine.
One result: "These animals are awake al-
The monkey will push the lever until it dies.
ognize the presence of dopamine, the recep-
While the first rat will continue to push
most all of the time."
The drug works directly on the brain's
tors, become less sensitive to the chemical.
the lever to get cocaine--and presumably
If ecstasy is stopped. the fibers from the
pleasure center, a complex network of
More dopamine must then be present to
experience pleasure-the second rat suf-
damaged neurons regrow in about a year,
nerves that evolved over hundreds of mil-
transmit the nerve impulse.
fers from the injection and ultimately dies.
though the total amount of serotonin re-
lions of years to ensure the species will en-
Over a longer period of time, Paul said,
"This suggests that cocaine is actually ad-
mains reduced by 50 percent and the re-
gage in survival behaviors: eating, drinking,
the nerve cells may actually turn off the
versive and noxious in the animal that does
searchers can't say whether the nerves
sex. Each act brings pleasure; the animal-
genes that control the number of receptors
not have control." Dworkin said.
work the same as before the damage.
or person-wili over and over.
they carry, disrupting the communication
This same nerve cell system is also the
These [pleasure centers are chemical
system between nerves.
Blasting the Brain
site of action for LSD, a hallucinogenic
systems in the brain and, as such, it is pos-
This helpe explain a person's dependence on
cocaine. Without the stimulation of the drug.
Cocaine is noxious to the point of killing
drug. but it does not appear to cause similar
sible for drugs to affect them directly," said.
brain cells. Dr. Richard J. Wyatt at the Na-
damage, nor is it known how LSD works.
Charles R. Schuster: director of the Nation-
the brain doesn't produce enough dopamine to
tional Institute of Mental Health's research
Marijuana, however, has been shown to kill
al Institute on Drug Abuse.
makerit feel good, let alone euphoric. The sys-
Push the button: in the drug: stim-
tem gets squeezed dry.
unit at St. Elizabeths Hospital has prelim-
acetylcholine-using nerves in the hippocam-
pus, a structure located near the center of the
The brain doesn't like that; the organiam-
inary evidence in rats that cocaine literally
ulate the pleasure center.
burns up the ends. of the dopamine nerve-
brain involved with learning and memory.
Since the 1950s. when the pleasure cen-
doesn't like that," Paul said, "эо it seeks druga."
cells, perhaps permanently eliminating their
Amphetamines can kill nerves in the substan-
ter was first 1 cated in the brain, scientists
Issue of Control
ability to transmit nerve impulses.
tia nigra, a part of the brain where dopamine
have identified the substances used to
Wyatr said it is not yet clear that this
controls voluntary movement.
transmit euphoric signals. The key chemical
Althoughr the dopamine system playe a:
happens in people, and scientists at a recent
The opiates, heroin and morphine, de-
messenger is dopamine.
key role in drug addiction, it is not the only
meeting at the American College of Neu-
spite their reputation for being very addic-
"Almost all [euphoric drugs] work
chemical messenger at work in the brain.
repsychopharmacology in San Juan, Puerto
tive drugs, have never been shown to de-
through the dopamine system," Schuster
Other neurotransmitter
Rico, cautioned that the observation has yet
stroy nerves in the brain.
said. "If a drug produces euphoria, it has the
ing serotonin, norepinephrine and acetyly.
to be duplicated in rats. If it proves correct,
potential to be abused."
choline-also are involved in complex ways
the implicatione- are clear: cocaine causes
Immune Effects
that really. are -
permanent damage.
Even when the drugs don't kill brain
The Dopamine Connection
scientists said.
"You are destroying parts of your brain,"
cells, they can cause other immediate prob-
For example, said Kathsyo, Cunningham
The communication of pleasure in the
said Wyatt.
lems. Cocaine, for example. raises blood
of the University of Texas Medical Center
brain works this way: One nerve signais the
Researchers also have known for. some
pressure. causes the heart to race. causes
in Galveston, the serotomin system helps..
next nerve by squirting a chemical, a neu-
time that the aging process naturaily kills off
heart attacks and strokes and has killed its
shut down the dopamine system when it ie
rotransmitter such as dopamine, into the
dopamine nerves in the brain, and that whea:
share of celebrities, such as University of
overstimulated. Cocaine shute down the
space between them. (Nerves don't actually
85 to 90 percent of the neurons are lost in the
Maryland basketball star Len Bias.
serotonin system. So cocaine not only over-
touch one another.) Once the signal- is
region that controls: voluntary movement,
Some of its effects, however, are more
stimulates the dopamine system, 18 also
transmitted, the chemical is then sucked
Parkinson's. disease resuits. The scientists
subtle. Dr. Robert Post. also at the National
turns off other neurons that keep dopamine
back out of the space by so-called uptake
worry that chronic drug use, especially with
Institute of Mental Health, has found that a
under control, further disrupting commu-
pumps in the membrane of the sending
some of the newer drugs including, ecstasy,
low, steady dose of cocaine can cause a part
nication with the brain's pleasure center.
nerve cell. That recycies the dopamine.
will knock out some portion of the brain's
of the brain to erupt in a major seizure.
Of all habit-forming drugs, the action of
If dopamine is not vacuumed up again and
nerves. Then, as aging kills off. the rest at a
"We call it 'drug kindling,' Post said. "A
cocaine in the brain is best understood:
remains in the space between the nerves.:
normal rate; diseases such as Alzheimer's and
little spark turns into a big fire." Animals-and
Drugs such as herous and other opiates,
Parkinson's will appear eartier in life.
the receiving nerve is stimulated over and
humans-that suffer a drug-kindled seizure can
amphetamines; barbiturates, masijuana;
over and over.
Ecstasy, OF. MDMA, once used legaily by:
die: Exactly why the seizure causes death is not
even caffeine: and nicotine do not seem to
What happens with coeaine is that the
psychiatrists to aid therapy for their clients:
clear: but in the animals. Post said. it looks like
attack the dopamine system directly. but.
drug blocks the uptake pumps for dopa-
has. become fashionable om college came
the lungs stop working, "The heart is still beat-
affect other nerve systems in the brain that
mine. keeping the pleasure nerves turned
puses and in some New York City dance
lag. bue they stop breathing."
in turn stimulate this same pleasure center.
on. After a while, the blocking action of co-
clubs now that it is illegat..
Edythe Londoe at NIDA's Addiction Re-
WASHINGTON POST 27, 1988
Yet even with these biochemical clues.
Its widespread. use worries some scien-
search Center in Baltimore has used PET scan-
caine drains the sending. nerves of dopa-
there is much about drug dependence that
tists. Dr. Eroll DeSouza at NIDA's Addic-
mine, so it takes bigger and higger. doses to
ners to look at which regions of the brain are
scientiste do not understand. What's more,
tion Research Center in Baltimore and other
See BRAIN, Page 14
CRACK
ACTIVE INGREDIENT
HOW usem
EFFECTS SOUGHT
IMPACT ON BODY
EFFECTS OF OVERDOSE
DEPENDENCE/WITHORAWAL
Cocaine base,
White crystal slivers)
Intensified cocaine
More. stronger
prepared from
Agitation, rise in body
smoked (vapors
Causes high degree of
effects suchrasc
cocaine reaches the
temperature.
cocaine hydrochloride.
physical.
inhaled)
stimulation, excitation
brain more quickly.
hallscinations,
psychological
and euphoria.
Risk increases for
corrituisions, tremors,
d'ependence. Like
confusion, slurred
possible death:
cocalad: withdrawal
speechs anxiety and
results in apathy, long
serious psychological:
periods of.sleep,
problems: Can:
irritability,
cause heart attacks
depression, craving
12
and death.
for more cocaine.
Sendings
Dopamine
Name
reserve.
burnet.
is depleted
INSIDE THE BRAIN
blooks
T
he brain's pleasure centers evolved over millions
Resolved
of years to ensure survival behaviors such as
new
eating and drinking, Most abused drugs directly
L Nerves signal one another
+: Because cocained
stimulate the pleasure centers-but they also aiter
by squirting. dopemine intar
2. Cocaine blocks
prevents dopamine:
4. Preliminary evidence in
the way nerve cells communicate. Here is how
the space between calle
resbsorption of dopaminez:
conservation, nerve cells
animale. suggests that
cocaine affects the neurons.
After the impulse is
causing build-up in the
become depleted, causing
cocaine can: burn out:
transmitted. dopamine is:
space between neurons and
the exhaustion and
dopamine nerve endings;
pulled back into the
overstimulation: of the
hangover that follows
perhaps causing permanent
sending cell and reused:
receiving cell
cocaine use
loss of nerve pathways:
INSIDE THE BODY
D
ruge reach the brain most quickly
when smoked: The path is the most.
Sudinect and drug concentrations are highest
L Brown the mouth; drug. passes down- the
DOK the lungs.
2a Drug quickly sagurates the huge surface
area of the lungs
is Highly concentrated drug, speeds: directly.
is the hearth
NE Name the MR side ofther
and prossed directly 001 that
Re entire- presses
eight
WASHINGTON POST HEALTH/DECEMBER 27, 1988
ILLUSTRATION BY FETER HOLY. PHOTOGRAPH BY LUCIAN PERIONS==THE
13.
GETTINGHOOKED
GETTINGHEL
VITAL STATISTICS
TEENS ON DRUGS: WHAT THE RECORD SHOWS
In the Genes? Some Evidence Says Yes
S
ince 1971, the National Institute on Drug Abuse has polled 12. to 17-year-olds on
their drug use. The findings, reported every three years, show an increase in the
R
esearchers have known for years
and rats that show varying genetic
use of many drugs in the '70s, and a decline in the '80s. They do not reflect, however,
that alcoholism tends to run in
sensitivities to specific drugs.
the recent sharp rise in the use of crack, a potent form of cocaine.
families. More recently, they have
In one set of experiments, animals
linked a particular type of alcohol abuse
learned to push a lever in order to get a
to a genetic susceptibility that seems to
droplet of the test drug. How hard the
be passed from father to son. Studies of
animals worked to get a fix indicated
identical twins who were raised in
their susceptibility to addiction. Results
different families show a clear pattern
showed that some animal strains would
that sona of alcoholic fathers are five
work very hard to get cocaine, for
times more likety to become alcohol
example, while others showed little
abusers themselves than the general
interest. Further, scientists found that
population.
cocaine-addicted strains also liked to
But what about drugs? Can a person
consume other drugs such as
inherit a genetic predisposition to
barbiturates, opiates and alcohol.
become a drug addict?
"It clearly suggests genetic
The population studies needed to
differences," said Dr. Steven R.
answer that question have yet to be
Goldberg, chief of the addiction center's
done, but from animal research,
prectinical pharmacology branch.
scientists suspect that a genetic factor
At the same time, researchers
may be involved. At the Addiction
suspect that addiction is not tied to one:
MARIJUANA:
Research Center in Baltimore, a part of
or two genes but more likely results
The percentage of youths age 12-17 who had smoked manjuane at least once more
the National Institute on Drug Abuse,
from a constellation of genes involved in
than doubled from
4
scientists have found strains of mice
the central nervous system.
1972 to 1979.
It has since been
30.9
in steady decline.
30
23.0
28.0
26.7
23.7
BRAIN, From Page 12
heroin attaches, preventing heroin from
20
22.4
stimulating the brain. As a result, metha-
active under the influence of drugs. Cocaine
done treatment reduces craving and eur
14.0%
and morphine, she finds; turn off the cortex,
phoria. though not completely. It is not con-
%10
the seat of consciousness.
72
74
76
77
79
sidered a cure, "only a holding action,"
52
IS
"People take abused substances to turn
Schuster said.
HALLUCINOGENS:
their higher brain centers off, and that feels
Scientists are now working on a substi-
Hallucinatory drugs such as LSD. mescatine, amphetamines and PCP, appear to have
good," London said.
tota drug for cocaine. At the recent Amer-
peaked in popularity in 1979, as did marijuana. At the time of the last survey, the
Some of the newest research centers on the
ican College of Neuropsychopharmacology
percentage of youths
connection between the brain and the immune
8
meeting, one research group suggested
experimenting with
71
system. Scientists have long wondered about
that carbamazepine, an anticonvulsant drug,
hallucinogens was at
5.0
the effect of drugs on the body's defensea.
could be used.
its lowest level since
6
Several. studies show that natural killer
"In a small series of patients, it [carbema-
the household polling
5.2
cells [of the immune system] are altered by
zepine| virtually eliminated cocaine addiction,"
began.
4.8%
5.1
drug abuse," said Mary Jeanne Kreek of
said Dr. Frederick K. Goodwin, director of the
4
4.6-
Rockefeiler University. Total numbers of
Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Ad-
32
these immune cells are reduced in heroin ad-
ministration. "That is exciting."
42
dicts. No one knows why, but it raises the pos-
There is also debate about whether an-
72
74
76
TO
$
32
as
sibility that addicts may be more susceptible to
tidepressants or bromocriptine, which is
COCAINE:
viruses that they inject along with their drug.
used to stimulate dopamine secretion in
Use of cocaine or its derivatives has climbed steadily among youths age 12-17.
including hepatitis B and the human immuno-
Parkinson's patients, are better to treat
Although the percentage for the last survey was down, more young people were
deficiency virus, which causes AIDS.
cocaine withdrawal.
experimenting
Studies in New York City have shown. that
Yet despite progress in the biochemistry
with cocaine than
8
intravenous drug users develop the symptoms
of addiction, researchers remain a long way
6.5
with hallucinogens, a
of AIDS faster than homosexual- men or other
from linking the effects of different drugs
6
change that began in
non-i.v. drug users, again suggesting that i.v.
on specific nerves to the behaviors they see
the earty 1980s.
3.6
5.4
5.2
drug use damages the immune system.
in the addicts.
4
4.0
Scientists know, for example, that while
3.4
2
Substitute Drugs
these agents are able to stimulate the brain's
1.5%
pleasure center, drug addicts are miserable.
Understanding the physiology of addiction
%0
"The notion of the euphoric, content
72
74
'76
may give physicians new tools to attack the
77
79
82
85
abuser is false," said Dr. Jack Mendelson, a
problem. A long-term goal of all this brain bio-
psychiatrist and drug-abuse expert at the
chemistry research is identifying drugs to treat
Harvard Medical School. "As frequently as
acute withdrawal and to block craving,
not, we really see people suffering as a re-
Methadone is the classic example of a.
NOTE: Percentages indicate litetime provelence of drug - figures rewead October 1988.
suit of their substance abuse," both phys-
SOURCE: National Household Survey on Drug Abume, National Instruto - One Abuse
drug that tlocks craving, heroin in this case.
ically and psychologically. "The behavior
Methadone literally intercepts the mole-
doesn't make sense. What is [psychologi-
cules on the surface of nerve ceils where
cally] rewarding about substance abuse?" 0
⑉ PETER ALSBERS FOR THE - POST
PCP (Angel Dust)
ACTIVE INGREDIENT
HOW USED
EFFECTS SOUGHT
IMPACT ON BOOY
DEPENDENCE/WITHORAWAL
Phencyclidine,
Tablets, capsules,
Distortion of senses.
PCP alone among
and can cause
Psychological
synthetic once used
powder and liquid can
currently used drugs
flushing, sweating,
dependence is high,
as a veterinary
be smoked, snorted
can produce
dizziness and
but physical
anesthetic.
or taken orally.
psychoses indistin-
numbness. Large
dependence unknown.
Commonly, PCP is
guishable from
doses may cause
Withdrawal syndrome
applied to a leafy
schizophrenia, which
convulsions, comas,
unreported.
material such as
may recur even after
heart and lung failure
parsley, mint,
the drug has left the
and ruptured brain
oregano or marijuana
body. Increases heart
vessets.
and smoked.
rate, blood pressure
14
01.00
GETTINGHOOKED
GETTINGHEL
Teens in Trouble
What Is the Correct Balance Between Discipline and Support?
By Paul Berg
Only recently has it been shown that any
Washangton Post Staff Writer
A Day in Treatment
treatment-inpatient, outpatient, tough or not
so tough-------------------- of value in the long run. As Rich-
ard Catalano, a University of Washington SO
S
ometimes people ask drug counsel-
or Howard Liddle: "What are you
Y ouths in many drug treatment facilities are expected to follow a rigorous
schedule of meetings, counseling sessions, classes and exercise. This is a
cial worker studying the issue, puts it: "Some
trying to do-cure adolescence?"
treatment is better than no treatment."
typical day at Arlington Hospital's 17-bed program, one of the area's most
There is growing agreement that
successful:
There are very few studies comparing
teen-agers should be treated differently from
7 a.m.: Wake up, shower, dress.
8 p.m.: Narcotics Anonymous meeting.
programs against one another or against
adult addicts-but no consensus on the most
8 a.m.: Breakfast.
These are held away from the facility.
control groups who are untreated. "Most do
effective approach. What is the correct bal-
show reduction in use," he says, but those
ance between discipline and support? Should a
8:30 a.m.: Large group meeting,
10 p.m.: Clean-up and preparation for
had been what Catalano called "pre-post"
program be built around a teen-ager's sense
including discussion of any problems
bed.
studies-looking at drug use before and
of shame or sense of reason? Do ail drug-us-
facing the group as a whole. such as
10:45 p.m.: Lights out.
after the program. It's harder to know what
ing youths need to enter a residential treat-
doubts about treatment.
There is some variation in this
would have happened without treatment or
ment facility, or can some do better at home?
9 a.m.: Individual counseling.
schedule. For example, on Saturdays,
with treatment of a different kind.
What is the parents' role?
10 am: Lectures. Often the
Sundays and Mondays, the youths are
Nevertheless, the most difficult step in
If some of those questions sound familiar.
physiological and psychological effects
taken to recreation facilities away from
treatment, he says, may be making the
drug counselors say, it is because they par-
of various drugs are discussed.
the treatment center. Phone calls are
right choice for the individual.
allel the debate over how to raise children in
11:15 a.m. Exercise. Frequently a
also permitted at certain times.
"There are people who think, 'addiction is
the first place. drugs or no drugs. The an-
swers are just as elusive, but the stakes are
volleyball game. In addition to the
addiction is addiction,' says Catalano, who
weil-known benefits of exercise.
is reviewing 30 years of journal articles on
higher: Lives hang in the balance, and the
cost of a year's treatment can reach $50,000.
sweating helps cleanse the body of
the subject. But amount of drug use and the
Adolescence. a time of "natural tumult."
chemicais, experts believe.
kinds of drugs involved are important fac-
cannot. of course. be "cured," says Liddle. an
Noon: Lunch.
tors that are too often overlooked in choos
ing as treatment program, he says.
associate professor of family medicine at the
12:30 p.m.: Small group counseling
"A kid using crack regularly
seems
University of California at San Francisco. For
session. Each youth remains in the
some teens. drug use is the most dangerous
like a different phenomenon than marijuana
same smail group during his OF her
phase of their rebellion.
OF alcohol once a week." says San Francis-
six-week stay.
co's Liddle.
"Everything that feels uncomfortable to
1:45 p.m.: Academic classes. taught at
them-which is a lot of things in adoles»
the facility by the Arlington County
Power of the Parents
cence-they take care of by using." says
school system. The aim is to help
Myra Bridgeforth. a therapist in Fairfax.
youths keep up with their classmates.
With a growing number of treatment cen-
The form of treatment for such youths,
4 p.m.: Lectures.
ters advertising for adolescent patients-
Liddle and others believe, is less important
especially teen-agers who are covered by
than the goal of surviving the teem years
5 p.m.: Dinner.
private health insurance through a family
with minimum damage. "In some cases, it's
6 p.m.: Study hall. Sometimes for
policy-the choice of therapy becomes all
'Let's ger them through this,' he says.
academic work. sometimes for
the more complex. Cataiano and others be
"We're not trying for perfection. We want
program-related work.
lieve that within the next year, as a number
to make sure he doesn't get incarcerated or
7 p.m.: Visiting hour. Only parents are
of federally funded studies reach their con-
killed. A few more years of life. and later on
permitted.
clusions, criteria for selecting a program
things can be better."
will be developed and that parents will find
Liddle, who is conducting a federally
funded study comparing ways to handle
teens live with host families whose own chil-
Voiz believes that a heavy drug user must
them "particularly important before [they]
drug-using kids. hopes to help settle some
dren are in or have been through the pro-
be hospitalized for six weeks. because it
spend tens of thousands of dollars."
of the hotly debated questions in this fledg-
gram. During the day, "old-comers"-those
takes at least two weeks for chemicals-in-
Meanwhile, many treatment special-
ling field.
who have been in the program longer-watch
ists-such as Liddle and Purdue's Lewis----
cluding marijuana--to leave the body. Until
La the meantime, parents are left with a
the newcomers' every move; they are not
then, "you don't really have a chemical-free
are coming to the conclusion that parents of
multitude of choices and little-guidance.
even allowed to shower alone. They also con-
individual." she saya.
drug-using youths can have far more influ-
There are an estimated 1,900 inpatient and
front the newcomers, pushing them into ad-
At that point, the program's regimen of
ence than they might think.
outpatient adolescent drug-abuse treatment
mitting their drug-use and acknowledging
counseling sessions, exercise and classes on
"Unfortunately, in a funny sense, the act
programs in the country, according to the
that they have hurt their families-the first
the effects of drug use can begin to take
of turning to a professional can be a disem-
National. Association of Addiction Treatment
step in their struggie to "gradually earn back
hold (see box above].
powering thing for parents," Liddle says.
Providers. Typically, these programs claim a
what they have lost."
But be says that with regular family coun-
success rate of somewhat less than 40 per-
After SIX weeks or SO, they return to
New Friends
seling sessions, many, parents can learn to
cent-that is, 40 percent are still abstaining
their families but continue with the pro-
give children the direction they need-and
from drugs one year later.
gram as outpatients for more than a year.
Straight and Arlington's program share a
want-without being overly authoritarian
Straight claims an overall success rate of
similar end point: Giving the drug-using
and sparking the very rebellion they are
We Don't Trust You'
about 50 percent-that is, of every 100
adolescent a new group of friends in an ef-
trying to control.
Among the most controversial of these
kids who enter the program. 60 finish it.
fort to limit pressure to try drugs again
One thing all counselors agree on is that
programs is Straight Inc., where youths get
and 50 are still drug-free a year later.
once they leave. This means attending Nar-
getting a teen-ager to stop using drugs is in
one very clear message from the outset.
Other programs-often costing more
cotics Anonymous or Alcoholics Anonymous
some ways the easiest part. They must re-
"We give them the message, We don't trust
than Straight's $9,000-prefer an approach
meetings regularly as part of therapy and
learn how to get along with their parents and
you,'' says Deborah Tychsen, administra-
that stresses education rather than what
for the forseeable future.
interact with friends. If they've been in a res-
tor of the Springfield. Va., branch. You
they see as "confrontation."
Such meetings become an important part
idential program, they must return to school
need to earn our trust and your family's
"We don't run a program where we want
of the post-treatment life. "like a religion,"
and lose their reputation as "the druggie."
WASHINGTON POST HEALTH/DECEMBER 27, 1988
trust back.'
to turn kids into little robots." says Deborah
says Robert Lewis, a family studies profes
Volz, the director of the Arlington program.
The highly regimented Straight programs,
L Volz, a psychiatric nurse who directs Ar®
sor at Purdue University in Indiana who
always looks on hopefully and with some anx-
using an approach called "tough love," at-
lington Hospital's adolescent program,
specializes in addiction. "I'm not saying it's
iety as her charges head out into the world.
tempt to turn around the peer pressure that
which at $15,000 includes six weeks of in's
wrong. People really believe this stuff. And
"When they go out," she says, 7 can't tell
led to drug use in the first place. At night, the
patient care and a year's follow-up.
it does work. But only for certain people."
who's going to make it and who's not."
a
15
GEETINGHOOKED
Helping Families Face the Facts
When One Member Is Addicted, All Have Roles to Play
By Sandy Rovner
Washington Post State Writer
T
he youth was surrounded, envel-
oped in an atmosphere of love and
support. There were his aunts and
uncles, his father and stepmother,
his real mother. friends from the hospital
detox program, high-school friends, ther-
apists, teachers, doctors. A cast of thou-
sands. as they say. All together with him, all
there for him-a kind of therapeutic "this is
your life" to mobilize family and friends in
the treatment of the youth's drug abuse.
Psychologist M. Duncan Stanton, who
brought the group together, literally wrote
the book-"The Family Therapy of Drug
Abuse and Addiction"-in 1982, and con-
tinues to orient his program to the family,
nuclear and extended, as active participants
in the recovery process.
The relationship of the family structure to
the abuse of either alcohol or drugs and to the
eventual recovery of the abuser-and the re-
covery of the family-has only been developed
over the past decade or so. Stanton, for exam-
pie, a child psychologist at Philadelphia's
famed Child Guidance Clinic. was struck in the
early '70s by the "futility" of treating children
unless the family was involved.
He had worked with drug abusers in Viet-
nam, where he served as an Army psychol-
ogist. Currently he directs the Family and
Marriage Clinic at the University of Roch-
ester, where scenes like the one described
above are as common as he can make them.
One theory about the family's relationship
to a drug-abusing member holds that the
problem can be a misguided and largely un-
conscious attempt by the abuser to correct a
malfunction in the family-a marriage that is
failing, for example, or drug- or alcohol-abus-
ing parents. The family continues to exist, but
it does so dysfunctionally. In other words. the
family as a unit becomes sick, held together
by the bond of coping with or only focusing on
the problem member.
The Co-Dependent
In other situations, "healthy" families can
get so sucked into the abuser's addiction
that they also become sick and in need of
help. As with the alcoholic family, the drug-
abusing family is often organized into mem-
WASHINGTON POST 27, 1988
bers who deny the problem and "enablers"
who protect the abuser, lie and tell cover
stories, thereby becoming co-dependents,
their entire role dependent on protecting,
caring for and financing the abuser.
According to Anne Wilson Schaef, author of
"When Society Becomes an Addict," co-depen-
ILLUSTRATION BY GIFTH STRAMLER FOR THE VIABINGTON POST
dents frequently have low self-esteem, so
As the addiction grows worse and the
help the addict by helping themselves.
abuser's behavior becomes more unman-
ily permitted the family itself to spot, and
"they find meaning in making themselves in-
Some addiction counselors advise family
ageable, family members may feel guilty-
then break, some destructive bonds that had
dispensable to others." They are "sufferers-
members to detach themselves from the
good Christian martyrs." They are servers.
that they are somehow responsible for the
developed to protect the addict member.
addict's crisis. This in turn increases their
addict-to let go emotionally from that per-
The young man had been unemployed for
selfless and devoted, and they tend to have
son-and let him or her face the conse-
dependency on the addict, which ironically
some months, and his parents, who were
ulcers, high blood pressure, colitis, back pain
quences of drug-abusing behavior.
and rheumatoid arthritis.
may block the abuser's path to recovery.
divorced, continued to support him-out of
Psychologist Stanton's group meeting with
Sometimes, family members can best
their fear, it turned out, that the boy would.
the drug-abusing youth and his extended fam-
16
reject one in favor of the other. Once this
Are You Helping Someone
When You Suspect Your Spouse Has a Problem
Maintain a Drug Habit?
By Dr. Jay Siwek
Once you suspect a problem. I
C
o-dependency is an attempt by one
neighbors. Putting the best face
Special to The Washington Post
recommend getting professional help. If
or more members of a family to
forward and covering for the abuser in
your husband won't see your family
Q. My husband and I have been
cope with a drug or alcohol abuser,
social situations.
doctor on his own, I suggest that you
usually in a manner that enables the
Denial to self. Telling oneself that
married for two years, and I'm
call your doctor to discuss your
beginning to suspect he may have a drug
concerns. The doctor may be able to
abuse to continue. Some warning signs:
dumping the drugs. pouring our drinks
problem. Although he is a fine husband
get your husband to come in for an
S Lying for the abuser. Includes calling
and hiding the car keys will stop the
and very successful at work, he seems to
evaluation.
in sick to the abuser's employer or
problem. Or ignoring the problem
be spending more time away from home
If so, your doctor will talk with your
school.
altogether. hoping it will go away.
at nights and on weekends. We don /
husband to judge the extent of the
# Developing physical problems. The
Providing support. Includes financial
problem. It may also be important for
unrelenting stress of living with an
CONSULTATION
the doctor to talk with you. because in
support. but also bed and board. along
abuser can produce a variety of
with unquestioning often
have as much cash available as we used
many cases the person using drugs will
ailments in other family members, from
to, which he blames on the increased cast
deny or underestimate the problem.
uncomplaining, loyalty to the abuser.
headaches to an increased susceptibility
of living.
Family members might do the same.
Making excuses to friends and
to cancer.
At first, I suspected there was another
but they can also play an important role
woman, but he says there LSR 't, and I
in identifying the existence of a drug
believe him. He did say that he likes to go
problem and motivating their loved one
became clear and the two parents were re-
out with some friends after work and
to get help.
rituals may be protective against addiction
assured that they would not be played off
admitted that they sometimes USE
Your doctor will also look for signs of
and help families function in a healthy way,
against each other, they were able to decide
cocaine and other drugs. / argued with
drug damage. such as:
at least part of the time. He recommends
together not to support the youth and his
him about the dangers of taking drugs,
. Needle tracks on the skin from
drug habit any longer. This step was crucial
that therapists help families of drug abusers
but he says he can control himself. How
injecting drugs. skin infections, scars or
to strengthen whatever rituals exist.
in getting the boy to face the consequences
can find out if he's in trouble. and how
abscesses from "popping" drugs
of his addiction and get into treatment.
can get him help if he needs it?
Mixture of Addictions
(injecting under the skin instead of into
But just getting the addicted member to
A. Your husband is in trouble. Finding
a vein).
stop abusing drugs and alcohol doesn't solve all
Researchers have known for years that
out how bad his drug problem is-and
- Sores or even perforations of the
the family's problems. In fact. underlying psy-
alcohol abuse tends to run in families. Now
getting him help-may not be easy, but
nasal septum, the cartilage between the
chological issues still need to be resolved. al-
new findings suggest a genetic predisposi-
for both your sakes I urge you to try.
two nostrils inside the nose, caused by
though Stanton feels strongly that the first
tion to addiction that. along with the psy-
There are many ways to define
snorting cocaine.
order of business is the patient.
chological environment of addiction. may
having a problem with drugs (including
. Contact dermatitis, a red rash around
There's no question that when an addict
produce families where more than one
alcohol), but here are two simple and
the mouth and nose of people who sniff
recovers. marriages often undergo tremen-
member is abusing. The classic image is
straightforward ones: First, simply
gius or soivents.
dous strain. When a spouse is the abuser,
parents who are alcoholics and children who
using drugs illegally is a potential
# Yellow jaundice. from hepatitis. a liver
the non-abusing spouse may unconsciously
are drug users.
problem. because of the legal trouble
infection that can be spread by sharing
fear that he or she will lose the spouse-
Yet very few addicts are "pure" abusers.
your husband could get into if caught.
needles. AIDS is also transmitted in this
that they won't be needed any more once
experts say. and most are found to use
Second, anytime drugs significantly
way, so people who inject drugs should be
the addict goes into treatment. Or the abus-
many different kinds of substances. includ-
interfere with a person's life-
checked for AIDS infection.
er may relapse in an unconscious effort to
alcohol. As Peter Luongo. director of
physically, personally or socially-------
. Rapid or irregular heartbeat, high
save the family by refocusing attention on
the Montgomery County Division of Addic-
he or she has a drug problem.
blood pressure or tremor. from use of
"the sick one" and away from the failing
tion and Youth Treatment Services. says:
In other words. if drugs harm a
cocaine or other stimulants.
marriage. Psychologists stress that not only
"You are now seeing people who do virtually
person's health. cause conflicts in a
The first hurdle you face is getting
must the addict change significantly in re-
everything. You may have a heroin addict.
marriage, damage relationships with
your husband to admit that he has a
covery. but 50 must family members and
yeah. but he's also IV-ing cocaine. drinking
children or other family members. or
problem and needs help. In addition to
co-workers.
alcohol, and you have a much more complex
impair school or job performance, then
your family doctor, there are support
The role of drug-abuse counselors is often
picture. You're not treating substances,
drugs are a problem.
groups and drug treatment programs
to get family members to relate differently to
you're treating people."
Here are some clues to hidden drug
you can turn to for help. Some of these
each other. Dr. Steven Wolin of the Family
use:
It is also the family unit that is most recep-
are listed on Page 20 of this section. .
Guidance Center at the George Washington
tive to change, say experts. and may be most
Change in behavior or personality.
University Medical School recalls a case where
effective in helping the addictive member to
This change may show up as mood
Jay Simek, a family physician from
recover. One of the eartiest things Stanton.
swings, irritability, being sullen or
Georgetown University, practices as the
the child in an abusing family challenged the
therapist. "Tell me the truth, Doc, whose side
having unexpected difficulties at school
Fort Lincoin Family Medicine Center
found. he says, is that contrary to the public
are you on. anyway?" she asked. The therapist
or work. Changes in eating, sleeping or
and Providence Hospital in Northeast
image of the adolescent or adult drug abuser
sex habits aiso may be a sign of
Washington:
responded. To tell you the truth, I'm against
"as loner OF runaway, we found that most of
unsuspected drug use.
Consultation is or health education
all of you because you're all interested in your
these people were in regular contact with their
selves first and the family only second. I'm the
# Having accidents or injuries, such as
column and is not a substitute for
familiee of origin."
car accidents (especially single-car
medical advice from your physician
only one here who is promoting the family as
That was 8 crucial finding: It means the
accidents). falls or getting into fights.
an institution first, and my job is to teach you
family can be a crucial link to the addict and
. Focusing on drugs. even legal ones.
Seved quastions to Consultation, Health
to do that."
a crucial therapeutic tool, as well
If someone you know seems
Section, The Washington Post 1150
Wolin is also interested in family rituals
"We try to recognize the strengths in a
preoccupied with sleeping pills.
15th St. NW, Washington, D.C. 2007L
of Thanksgiving and Christmas and even
family. and we often find their plans and
tranquilizers. pain pills or diet pills.
Questions cannot be answered
nightly dinners and their relationship to al-
ideas are better than anything WE can come
chances are they have a drug problem.
smdinidually.
cohol and drug abuse. He finds that such
up with." says Stanton.
E
COCAINE
ACTIVE INGREDIENT
HOW USED
EFFECTS SOUGHT
IMPACT ON BOOY
EFFECTS OF OVERDOSE
DEPENDENCE/WITHDRAWAL
Cocaine hydrochloride
White powder by
Stimulation,
Raises blood
Agitation, increase in
(Benzoyt-
Causes high degree of
snorting, liquid by
excitation, subtle
pressure. heart rate
body temperature.
physical.
methylecgonine),
injection.
euphoria.
and body
hallucinations.
psychological
contained in coca
temperature. Causes
convulsions, tremors,
dependence.
leaves.
dilated pupils. May
possible death.
Withdrawal resuits 188
8861 "12 1SOd NOTONIHSVM
cause anxiety.
apathy, long periods
sleepiessness,
of sleep, irritability,
paranoia. seizures.
depression, craving
heart attacks and
for more cocaine.
death.
17
GETTINGHOOKED
CITIES IN CRISIS
I
DRUG ABUSE SPANS THE NATION
n 18 of 20 cities monitored by the
CHICAGO
federal Drug Abuse Warning
Network, hospital emergency rooms
Cocaine: Emergency cases up 73%. Little crack in
evidence: free-base smoking continues.
reported a sharp rise in the number of
Heroin: Emergency room cases up 30%. Treatment
cases involving cocaine, heroin,
facilities at capacity. Low-purity Mexican mud is
marijuana, PCP and other drugs.
dominant.
Cases involving cocaine and cocaine
Marijuana: Emergency room cases up 36%,
derivatives more than doubled in a
treatment admissions up. quality variable.
Other: PCP emergency cases up 22%. widespread.
quarter of the cities, including Buffalo,
smoking.
Phoenix and Philadelphia. Incidents
involving PCP more than tripled in St.
Louis. Heroin cases rose 488 percent
NEW YORK~
in New Orleans.
Cocaine: 222 deaths, down from 287; emergency
In the District, hospitals reported
room cases up 39%: percentage of those admitted for
drug-abuse treatment: 37%.
increases in each category.
Heroin: 781 deaths: emergency room cases up:
treatment admissions at 41%.
Marijuana: Stable health indicators: ready availability.
Other: Emergency cases involving PCP down 43%.
diazepam down 31%.
LOS ANGELES
ATLANTA
WASHINGTON
Cocaine: 360 deaths, down from 645. Emergency
Cocaine: Primary drug of concern in South. 152
room cases down slightly, seizures of drugs up.
Cocaine: 48 deaths (up 500%). emergency room
Heroin: Emergency room cases down 31%, seizures
deaths, emergency room cases up 86%, involves 30%
cases up 122%. Use, availability considered at
of drugs up.
of treatment admissions. Crack abuse has reached
epidemic proportions.
all-time high. Major sources: Bolivia, Colombia, Peru.
Marijuana: Emergency room cases down 26%:
Heroin: Availability up. Involves 17% of admissions.
Heroin: 171 deaths (record high), emergency room
treatment admissions, supplies and seizures of drugs
cases up 37%. Southwest Asian heroin widespread.
down, prices up.
Frequently combined with cocaine (speedballing).
Marijuana: involved in 18% of drug deaths. Second
Marijuana: Emergency room cases up 165%, high
Other: Deaths down for amphetamines, PCP,
THC: widespread PCP lacing,
diazepam (Valium): emergency room cases down for
to cocaine for number of emergency room cases.
Other: PCP cases double to highest number
PCP and diazepam.
Other: Methamphetamine widely available; diazepam
nationwide (1,262 emergency room cases in last
emergency cases down.
three. months of 1987 alone).
SOURCE: Drug ADUSE Warning Network, 1987
- CLARKE SOME WASHINGTON FOR
Drug Education: Where Kids Say 'Yes' to Help
By Sally Squires
The reason for this broader approach is
The peer counselors provide immediate
Washington Post Stade Writer
that schools often lack the time and flexi-
All go through an.intensive--and confi-
role models and tutorial assistance," Pinkett
bility to get the anti-drug message across.
dential-evaluation that examines their
says. In addition, their charges "are educat-
cross the country, the newest
The schools are designed to teach ac-
family background, school performance and
A
front line of the drug was is in
ademic skills," says Bettina Scott of the Of-
ed about the dangers of drugs, so that they
their drug and alcohol use.
schools and community programs
fice for Substance Abuse Prevention, part
will be able to resist peer pressure to use
Students are questioned in ways that make
aimed at preventing drug use from
of the National Institute on Drug Abuse.
drugs," she says. The children are also
it difficult to deny they have used drugs or
ever starting.
"They can't do the only job. They don't have
taught skills to enhance self-esteem and
alcohol. We ask them to recall the first time
In Atlanta, the message begins in preschool
the kids for that long. and it's hard to fit
help them avoid drugs.
they ever tried drugs," Moorehouse says.
for more than 300 children at 16 Head Start
drug information into a 45-minute class pe-
The broad brush approach is also central
"Where were they? With whom? Did their
programs throughout the metropolitan area.
riod on science or health."
to the Student Assistance Program oper
mother know? What did they take?*
In Westchester County, north of New York
What's more, community-based prevention
ating in 34 Westchester County. high
The students can be referred to one of
City, high-school students are the targets of
programs can test a curriculum, find our what
schools and 16 junior high schools. Pat-
six other groupe for additional therapy.
drug and alcohol prevention programs.
the kinks are and make changes. "They don't
terned after employee assistance programs
About one third are referred to family ther-
Locally, programs are aimed at a variety
have to go through the whole school bureau-
offered in many workpiaces, the Student
apists or other self-help groups.
of youngsters:
cracy to change," Scott says. "We're finding
Assistance Program provides information
@ DARE (for Drug Abuse Resistance Ed-
that we have to link the school programs
and counseling to thousands of students.
Stress Among Preschoolers
ucation) targets more than 2,800 fifth grad-
with churches and with recreation pro-
Most join the program on their own. Oth-
ers in Virginia's Prince William County.
ers are urged to join by friends. About 8
At Atlanta's Pre-School Stress Project, 3- to
WASHINGTON POST HEALTH/DECEMBER 27, 1988
grams to be really successful."
- City Lights on 9th Street NW in the Dis-
That approach appears to be working at
percent of students are forced to seek help
5-year-oids at high risk of using drugs are
trict helps youngsters ages 12 to 18 with
Baltimore's Concord Foundation Latchkey
as part of a disciplinary action for, say,
taught to cope with stress in an effort to keep
learning disabilities and behavior problems
Program. The program targets 5- to-12-
smoking marijuana in school.
them from turning to drugs later in life.
that make them vulnerable to drug use.
year-oid children in Howard Park in north-
Many come in for problems that seem at
The project is sponsored by the National
. The Sasher Bruce House helps children
west Baltimore.
first to be unrelated to drugs or alcohol.
Council of Negro Women Inc. and funded by
in Northeast Washington, near Capitol Hill.
The children go every day after school to
"They might say that they are coming in
the Office for Substance Abuse Prevention.
While the message of "Saying No to
the foundation's Resource Center, which is
because they broke up with their boyfriend,
"There is a high correlation between
Drugs" is being taught in schools alongside
sponsored by the federal Office for Sub-
those who get involved in substance abuse
or their mom or dad is drinking too much,
reading, writing and arithmetic, the best
stance Abuse Prevention and a church-af-
or because they didn't make the football
and stress," says Jennie C. Trotter. project
prevention programs reach well beyond the
filiated foundation. There, they are matched
director. By teaching children relaxation
walls of the classroom and into the commu-
team," says Ellen Moorehouse, the social
with a peer counselor---------------- high-school stu-
worker who is executive director of the 7.
exercises, how to express their anger in
nity. Often these programs join forces with
dent who is "drug-free and academically
year-old program. But on further examina-
nondestructive ways, how to improve their
church groups, mental health professionals
strong," says Janet Pinkett, the program
self-esteem and how to do yoga, Trotter
and even law enforcement officers.
coordinator.
tion, an underlying problem with drugs or
alcohol often emerges.
and her colleagues believe they can place a
roadblock on the path to drug abuse.
18
.
Why Doctors Miss
The Warning Signs
15% of Patients Need Help, but Only 3% Get It
By Victor Cohn
drug or alcohol abuse. And, they should con-
Weekington Post Staff Writer
sider the possibility of drug or alcohol abuse
when they see any of many physical, emo-
ost drug and alcohol abusers
tional or social problems such as chronic
M
show up in a doctor's office
pain, fever. heart symptoms, anxiety, de-
sooner or later for some med-
pression, joblessness and family trouble.
ical trouble their habit has
"I heard of a case where a young woman
caused them.
complained of palpitations of the chest,"
More often than not, they don't mention
says Dr. Dorynne Czechowicz, an associate
their habit, and more often than not, the
director of the National Institute on Drug
doctor doesn't recognize it.
Abuse. "They. were caused by cocaine, but
This has been documented in study after
the physician never asked about drug abuse.
study. Two of the country's leading doc-
A youngster smoking crack might have re-
tors-Otis Bowen, secretary of health and
current bronchitis or cough or colds that
human services, and James Sammons, ex-
don't respond. I've known of children who
had conjunctivitis [inflamed eyes] from
EMISTRATION
-
BUTER
POR
POST
PATIENTSADVOCATE
smoking marijuana."
Today, too, physicians need to be alert to
QUESTIONS-
TO
ASK
the adolescent high-school athlete using
ecutive vice president of the American
steroids and showing sudden changes in
appearance. Most teams require a recent
A of abuse if overly used or overly relied on. Alcohol can easily become one.
re you over-using pills or alcohol? Many prescription drugs can become drugs
Medical Association-recently joined in a
report saying 15 percent of all visits to doc<
medical examination. "Physicians shouldn't
Following is a self-assessment quiz adapted from a test the Medical Society of
tors may be related to alcohol, but only 2 to
miss this or any opportunity to take a drug
the District of Columbia gave its members. The questions are good ones for
3 percent are usually so diagnosed. Drug
history. then do individual and family coun-
anyone. There is no particular score, but if your answers disturb you. it may mean
abuse. less familiar to many doctors. is
seling." says Czechowicz. "We're emphasiz-
you should seek help.
probably diagnosed even less often.
ing early intervention now. It's an oppor-
Why? Authorities cite several reasons.
Γ. Have you ever had concern about
tunity for prevention that shouldn't be
10. Do you become anxious, concerned
Some physicians are simply not in the
your personal use of alcohol or
missed."
or irritated if your supply. of alcohol or
habit of looking for such abuses. Some are
medications?
Another person who shouldn't be missed:
medications is low or gone?
under the false impression that zealous de-
the drug-abusing con artist. the patient the
2. Have your spouse, colleagues or friends
11. Do you prefer to take your
tection is useless and that the alcohol- or
doctor has never seen before who has "con-
ever expressed concern about your use of
drug-addicted can be helped only if they
alcohol or medications?
medications in private? Why?
have "hit bottom" and are asking for help.
stant pain," often vaguely described, and
must have something "strong" for relief-
3. Do the prospect of the "cocktail hour"
12. Do you keep cotton in your bottle of
Experts say this isn't true. Instead, they
or who very precisely describes a set of
and its supposed relief from tension pop
pills so they won't rattle in your pocket
believe that people with such problems of-
ten respond when help is offered.
symptoms that virtually come from a med-
into your thoughts during the day?
and come to others' attention?
Some physicians don't really want to
ical textbook, then knows just what drug is
4. Have you ever found yourself
13. Do you use a medication to
look. They don't want to get involved with a
needed.
canceling or postponing work you should
counteract the effect of another
potentially wearing patient. Others don't
What is important, says Czechowicz, is
dos to start the cocktail hour early?
medication?
realize that among their own patients, there
that doctors "have some awareness, that
5. Have you had to set "rules" for
14. When alcohol is not served. do you
is use of aimost every abused drug that one
they know what is going on in the commu-
yourself on drinking?
enjoyr occasions less?
can name, as well as alcohol. And some doc-
nity and what's going on in alcohol and drug
tors don't know what to look for.
abuse treatment and prevention-what the
& Are your rules different for weekends,
15. Do you like to have a few drinks at
Or what to ask. Some use some fairly
community resources are. Then, after
holidays, vacations?
home OF in a bar before going to a
well proven batteries of questions. Others
they' referred the patient to one of these
T. Were you aware before answering
function where alcohol will be served?
may just ask a few, and sometimes the
resources, to follow up and find out what
these questions that you had "rules"?
wrong ones. One study showed that the
happened."
16. Do you have a special drug routine for
& If you are using mind- or
treating the effects of too many drinks?
common questions, "How" often do you
"As physicians," say the government's
mood-altering drugs, do you count your
drink? and "How much?," missed more at-
Bowen and the AMA's Sammons, "we all
remaining pills to make sure you won't
17. Has the use of alcohol or
coholics than they detected. But when doc-
have a role in the prevention and treatment
run out?
medications ever interfered. even in the
tors asked both "Have you ever had a drink-
of alcohol and drug-related problems, and
slightest way, with friendships,
ing problem?" and "When was. your last
this role must be addressed now. The fu-
9. Do you make sure, always, that your
drink?," they spotted most alcoholics.
alcohol cupboard and/or medication
marriage, finances, your physical or
ture of too many of our
patients
de-
Authorities also say that doctors should
containers are well stocked?
mental well-being, your job?
mands that we no longer accept such losses
ask whether there is any family history of
silently."
#
AMPHETAMINES
ACTIVE INGREDIENT
HOW USED
EFFECTS SOUGHT
IMPACT OR BODY
EFFECTS OF OVERDOSE
DEPENDENCE/WITHORAWAL
Amphetamine,
Tablets, capsules,
Alertness.
Increases heart and
Hallucinations,
High !evel of physical
dextroamphetamine,
powder or liquid.
breathing rate. raises
convulsions. tremors,
and psychological
methamphetamine
taken orally or
blood pressure.
possible death.
dependence can
(Desoxyephedrine).
injected.
Decreases appetite.
result. Withdrawal
WASHINGTON POST HEALTH/DECEMBER 27, 1988
Frequent use of large
syndrome involves
amounts also can
apathy, long periods
produce brain
of sleep, irritability,
damage, ulcers and
depression.
malnutrition.
19
GETTINGHOOMED
Exercise: A Natural High
Where to Get Help
Have are some of the area's available resources:
Scientists Are Unsure Why Physical Activity Improves Mood
Cocaine Hotline 1-800-COCAINE. A 24-hour national
information service.
By Carol Krucoff
Alcoholics Anonymous Hotline 4530 Connecticut Ave.
Special to the Washington Post
NW, Suite 111. 966-9115.
Crisis Center 2141 K St. NW. 965-8400 (sponsored by the
B
ack in the days when Rae Thrift used alcohol,
pills and marijuana to get high, she never
Psychiatric Institute)
dreamed that she would one day come to rely
Narcotics Anenymous helpline:
on a two-mile morning run to give her a lift.
Northern Virginia-281-8638.
"Like many addicts and alcoholics, I was in poor
Maryland-459-9355.
physical condition," said Thrift, who is 56 and a former
District-399-5316.
Rockette. I smoked. I was 30 pounds heavier, and my
self-image was pretty bad."
National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Abuse
Twelve years ago, Thrift decided to reach for
Information (NACADI) P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, Md.
sobriety and get in shape. Today she says she feels and
20852. 468-2600.
looks "great," and she credits daily workouts with
National Federatiomof-Parents. for Drug-Free Youth
helping her stay sober. As exercise program
(417) 836-3709. 8730 Georgia Ave., Suite 200, Silver
coordinator at the Betty Ford Center, a drug and
Spring, Md. 20910.
National Institute on Drug Abuse Hotline
52
BODYWORKS
1-800-662-HELP.
Poisen Control Center Reservoir Road NW, Georgetown
alcohol abuse treatment facility in Rancho Mirage,
University Hospital. 625-3333. For overdose information.
Calif.. Thrift is a living example of the "sound body and
mind" principle, and she has taught 4,500 patients to
Washington Area Council on Alcoholism and Drug Abuse
use exercise as a tool for staying sober.
I
POUR
(WACADA) 1232 M St. NW, 20005. 783-1300. A hotline for
"When you start working on your physical body, you
drug and alcohol-related concerns.
feel good about yourself." said Thrift, whose patients
sit-ups they can do. they believe they will be able to
take a 20- to 30-minute "meditative" walk each
accomplish other goals and have better control over what
BOOKS
morning and have an hour-long exercise session each
happens in life. This gives them a higher expectation of
"When Seciety Becomes an Addict* by Anne Wilson
day. "Exercise helps relieve tension, handle anger, lift
success and a better mental outlook." he said.
depression and get control of your life. It all comes
Achieving athletic goals can help people with addictive
Schaef (Harper & Row, paper, $8.95)
down to becoming responsible for yourself and having
problems because these people feel a lack of control.
"Codependent No More" by Melody Beattie
respect for your body."
Collingwood said. Although physical activity alone is not
(Harper/Hazeiden, paper, $8.95)
Numerous scientific studies confirm the reports of
the answer for addicts, he noted, it may be a useful tool
"Hope" by Emily Marlin (Harper & Row, $15.95)
exercisers who say that physical activity makes them
that can help someone with an addictive nature learn to
"Rekab," a comprehensive guide to drug-alcohol treatment
feel good. At a workshop on exercise and mental health
go for a run instead of reaching for drugs or drink.
centers in the U.S., by Stan Hart. (Harper & Row, paper,
sponsored by the National Institute of Mental Health in
The mild euphoria associated with physical activity is
$10.95)
1984, experts agreed that:
not limited to strenuous workouts, said Dr. James M.
. Physical fitness is positively associated with mental
Rippe, director of the exercise physiology laboratory at
"Cheices and Consequences: What to De When a
health and well-being.
the University of Massachusetts Medical School
Teem-Ager Uses Alcehei/Drugs" by Dick Schaefer
. Long-term exercise is usually associated with
"Our research in less strenuous forms of
Johnson Institute Books, Minneapolis, $9.95)
reductions in traits such as neuroticism and anxiety.
exercise-mostly walking-found the same result,"
1-800-231-5165.
Rippe said. "There is a significant and immediate
B Appropriate exercise leads to lower readings on such
"Net My Kid™ by Beth Poison and Miller Newton (Avon
reduction in anxiety and tension that can be measured
stress indicators as neuromuscular tension, resting
every half hour for the next two hours after exercise."
Paperback Books, $3.95)
heart rate and some stress hormones.
Rippe and his colleagues are studying the reasons
"White Rabbit: A Dector's Story of Her Addiction and
"There is a great deal of data that show-that anxiety
that exercise appears to elevate mood. "Some
Recevery by Martha A. Morrison, MD (Crown, February
and depression go down when you get involved in
researchers say it may have to do with getting out of a
1989; $17.95 in hardcover)
exercise, and self-esteem and your general feeling of
stressful environment," he said. "One study showed
well-being go up," said psychologist Tom Collingwood,
"Drugs and Kids" by Joyce Tobias, a 96-page handbook for
that if you sit a person in a Laz-Y-Boy chair for 20
director of programs at the Institute for Aerobics
parents (PANDAA Press, Annandale, Va., 750-9285; $4.65
Research in Dallas. "But there is a great difference of
minutes you get a reduction in tension and anxiety. But
those changes tended to last just 30 minutes."
in paper)
opinien as to why."
Rippe's own theory about the link between exercise
One controversial theory holds that exercise stimulates
VIDEOS
the release of endorphins, a morphine-like substance,
and mood is that something involved in the rhythmic
which make the exerciser feel good. "But the studies are
nature of walking, running, swimming and other exercises
The American Council for Drug Education offers an
inconclusive as to whether the endorphins are the cause
puts breathing and mental state into a deeper plane.
informational video, "A Gift for Life"-a half-inch tape
"World-class athletes seem to be able to exploit this
usable on home VCRs that dramatizes issues such as
or the effect of the mood elevation," Collingwood said.
A second theory, he said, is that when people accomplish
link between the mind and the body, to improve their
parties without parents, peer pressure vs. parent influence
concentration and their performance," he said. "The next
WASHINGTON POST 27, 1988
something physical; such as increasing the mumber of
step could be to try to enhance these effects."
and responsible parenting. $29.95 from the American
Council for Drug Education, Dept. GF, 204 Monroe St.,
Suite 110, Rockville, Md. 20850. (301) 294-0600.
MARIJUANA
ACTIVE INGREDIENT
HOW USED
EFFECTS SOUGHT
IMPACT ON BOOY
EFFECTS OF OVERDOSE
Tetrahydro-
DEPENDENCE/WITHDRAWAL
Dark green or brown
Relaxation, increased
cannabinois (THC).
Can impair memory
Anxiety, paranoia.
piant leaves and tops
Physical dependence
perception.
found in the cannabis
and judgment, raise
loss of concentration,
unknown, moderate
are smoked or eaten.
plant.
blood pressure. May
slower movements.
psychological
cause birth defects.
time distortion.
dependence.
Insomnia,
hyperactivity,
decreased appetite
Sources: National Institute OR Drug Abuse, Pharmacsutical Manufacturers Association, U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration
occasionally reported
after ceasing use.
O
GETTINGHOOKED
GETTINGHELP
A PAGE FOR YOUNG PEOPLE
Drugs: Slang Names, Real Trouble
Hallucinogens affect the way people perceive
the world around them. After taking a
hallucinogen, the user may not be able to tell
what is real and what is not.
Let's translate those street names you read in
the first paragraph. Pot is a word for marijuana.
Marijuana plants contain chemicals that affect the
way someone experiences reality. In recent years,
the marijuana obtained illegally has gotten more
and more powerful. Doctors say that chemicals in
marijuana change how the body functions. It can
make people depressed and interfere with their
ability to concentrate and learn.
Crack and snow are both cocaine, a
stimulant. Crack is a smokable form. When
someone smokes crack, it goes directly from
the lungs into the blood and straight to the
brain. Using crack JUST ONCE can cause
seizures-shaking out of control and then
passing out. Seizures are very dangerous.
Crack can also cause the heart to beat
incorrectly, even in kids. And crack can be
almost instantly addictive.
Horse and witch are both names for heroin, a
narcotic.
Blue dot is a slang term for LSD, a
hallucinogeni-Angel dust-the chemical
BAGE
POB
THE
PCP-is an especially powerful hallucinogen.
Besides the damage they cause to the body,
By Catherine Neill
to escape from unpleasant realities or to be
illegally obtained drugs endanger people,
Special so The Washington Post
"cool." But when the effects of the drugs wear
because buying or seiling them can mean going
Around your school, you may hear kids using
off, they may get irritable, nervous or mean.
to jail. Violent crime is often linked with drug
"street" names for drugs. They might talk
They may feel sick and take more of the drug
use, too. Nearly 170 people were killed in
about pot, snow, horse, witch, blue dots, angel
to-feel better again. Before long, drug users
Washington, D.C., this year in drug-related
dust or crack.
may depend on drugs just to feel normal. The
shootings.
There are hundreds of slang terms for drugs.
drugs take over their lives.
If drugs are so dangerous, why do kids try
The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Doctors classify drugs into four major
them? Peer pressure is the main reason. Peers is
reports that marijuana has more than 150
groups: narcotics, depressants, stimulants and
a word that means people your own age. Some
hallucinogens. In addition, the Drug
kids feel pushed by their peers to be popular,
HOW&WHY
Enforcement Administration puts marijuana in
to be "cool," to be grown-up.
street names; cocaine has over 100. The words
a fifth group, Cannabis. All affect the brain and
Once kids try drugs, they may begin to turn
are like a secret code that only a few people
central nervous system-the part of the body
to them as a way of coping with frustrations
know. If you hear people use slang when they
that processes information, relays messages to
and problems. That's when trouble begins.
talk about drugs, it might make the substances
the muscles, and makes decisions.
According to the National PTA, the average
seem intriguing and exciting.
Narcotics are painkillers. They affect the
American youth first tries some kind of drug
But to really understand drugs, it's more
part of the brain that registers pain. Narcotics
between the ages of 11 and 14. You may be
useful to know their true names and the things
are addictive. A person who uses narcotics can
near that age now Knowing the facts will help
they actually do to the human body.
quickly grow to depend on the drugs just to
you make the right choice if one of your peers
A drug is a substance that affects the way
feel normal.
offers you drugs.
R
the human body functions. Taking drugs may
Depressants slow down the nervous system.
Tips for Parents
change the way a person feels, thinks, sees or
Tranquilizers and sleeping pills are
depressants. Doctors may prescribe controlled
The National PTA publishes a booklet "Young Children and
acts. Some drugs make the body's systems
Drugs: What Parents Can Do." For a single free copy, send a
work faster, while others slow them down.
amounts of these drugs to people who feel
self-addressed stamped business-size envelope to National
Often, doctors use carefully measured
nervous or can't sleep. People who abuse
PTA, 700 N. Rush Se, Chicago, ID. 60611-2571. For kids,
amounts of certain drugs to treat people's
depressants can become addicted to them.
Brite Music, Inc., has a two-volume Safety Kids kit, with tips on
personal safety and drug awareness on sing-along caseettes for
WASHINGTON POST HEALTH/DECEMBER 27, 1988
illnesses. But drugs can be abused.
Stimulants speed up the central nervous
$9.95. A computer game at $19.95 is pianned. To order, cod-
People who abuse drugs may take them to
system. They make people feel aiert and
tact the local distributor, Jane Dumont, 11131 Dewey Rd.,
change their emotions and the way they
awake. Some are highly addictive. People can
Kensington, Md. 20895: (301) 942-0103.
perceive things. This may mean they are trying
become dependent on them very, very fast.
Catherine O'Neill is a free-iance children's writer.
21
GETTINGHOOKED
GETTINGHELP
Beyond the Reach of Medicine
By Abigail Trafford
ics Anonymous or a totally individual awak-
Washington Post Staff Writer
ening. It involves, as the drug counseiors
say, a "vital spiritual experience."
I
12 the annals of the U.S. drug epidemic,
Such a "spiritual" dimension to the cure is
there's a place for New York crack
addict Alexis Vega. He wanted to over-
not the usual language of conventional high-
tech medicine, and as a result physicians
come his addiction, but all the treat-
have long been notorious for ignoring the
ment programs turned him away because
they were full. So be went to the police for
problem of alcohol and drug abuse. As John
help. Not our job, the cops said. So be
Haaga, co-author of a 1988 RAND Corp.
smashed police station windows and duty
study on drug abuse, said: In strictly med-
ical terms, "there isn't a lot to do" in treat-
was arrested. That desperate act finally
brought him to the attention of a Broax
ing drug addiction. "What programs do is
Criminal Court judge who personally made
help you to help yourself."
calls on his behalf. That's apparently how
The fact that addicts are ultimately respon-
one drug addict at last was admitted to a
sible for their own recovery is a source of
treatment center.
optimism for many who have recovered and
The story illustrates a subtle shift in the
hope to others still caught in the drug's grip.
politics of drugs. Suddenly treatment is the
9 don't live in fear anymore," said one addict
hot buzzword. Until recently, the law-and-
who is active in AA and has been drug-íree
for four years. "АЦ the lying and the scam-
COMMENTARY
ming and the bustling I did-I don't need to
do that anymore. Before, that was the only
order hawks in the war against drugs fo-
option I had. Now, I have a choice.".
cused on the supply side of the crisia, dom-
inating the agenda with their efforts to
crack down on imports and drug-related
violence. But now, the treatment doves who
But this do-it-yourself aspect of recovery
can lead to two unfortunate conclusions. The
look at the demand side of drug addiction
are getting the nation's attention.
first is that it lets the medical community off
the book if the treatment fails. The addict is
Everyone, it seems-írom judges and
THE
police to politicians and parents-is banking
then Woodcut depicts a 19th-century opium den in California.
their to blame. It can also be used to justify
political neglect. It's like an extension of the
on expanded medical facilities for addicts as
you-can-lead-a-horse-to-water-but-can't-make-
a prime. way. to. win the country's war
against drugs.
it-drink attitude, which inevitably raises the
After all, addiction-to alcohol or
obvious question: If you can't make a horse
drugs-is described as a treatable condi-
drink, why lead it to water in the first place? If
tion: In the eyes of frustrated law officials,
you can't make an addict stop, uhy have so
the health-care community has now been
many treatment facilities?
turned into a kind of medical Lone Ranger
The answer, of course, is that while cur-
to the rescue.
ing addiction does require more of the pac
Certainly providing enough places in
tient than, say, curing cancer, that doesn't
treatment programs for those who need
mean he or she can do it without help. And
care and want it is an essential first step.
it doesn't lessen society's responsibility to
Federal statistics show that only about 20
make that help available.
percent of addicts get any treatment at all.
But changing patterns of drug use may alter
But concern is spreading among drug treat-
the political landscape. College-bound high
ment experts that they are being set up for a
school students seem to have got the message
fall. Five years from now, they say, after mil-
that, as Robert J. Caiola, drug educator at
Sons of taxpayer dollars are spent on rehab
Washington's private Maret School, put it:
centers, the country will still have a health
"Cocaine is bad stuff-no longer the drug of
crisis due to drug and alcohol abuse.
kings." In its cheap and potent form of "crack."
The question is whether Americans will
cocaine has shifted downward in society and
see the crisis in today's same stark terms of
become 2 drug of the streets.
tragedy-and will they care enough to keep
The problems. of drug addiction are al-
investing in treatment if the violence is con-
ready a major feature of the growing med-
troiled?
ical underclass. Up to a third of the home-
1 am most concerned about the public
less are thought to be drug abusera. In the
feeling that we are capable of a quick fix."
nation's prisons, up to haif of the inmates in
said Charles R. Schuster, director of the
one study had used PCP.
National Institute on Drug Abuse. "My fear
Drug experts fear that with the downward
WASHINGTON POST HEALTH/DECEMBER 27, 1988
is that because we are looking for a quick
mobility of cocaine, the mainstream middle
solution, any failure in that regard will lead
class will lose interest in this war, and polit-
NOW Young crack users in a house in Brooklyn.
. -
to disillusionment."
ical energy will be lost. Once the drug-related
The problem with the medical approach is
street violence is brought under control, they
that drug abuse is not justa disease. To begin
chest pains are a sign of heart disease. Why
say, it will be tempting to forget about the
aspects of addiction, such as helping the per-
with, for virtually all users, drugs offer plea-
go to the doctor when something feels good?
medical problem of drug abuse.
son find a place to live.
sure. The sensation is fabulous:" said one
What's more, drugs for many mean eco-
That would be tragic. Expanding treatment
The fact is that medical science has no
addict, who described going to a park near
nomic opportunity in an era when a full-time
centers and boosting research into addiction
National Airport to mix the roar of the jets
magic bullet to "cure" addiction. Recovery
minimum wage job still puts a family of three
are not the only answers to the nation's drug
taking off with the roar of cocaine in his veins.
depends more on the addict than the type of
below the poverty line. Medical treatment
crisis, but they offer hope. "Realistic expec-
"Cocaine=that's when I met my lady love,"
therapy or skill of the treatment team. Real
can't touch the economic dynamics of drug
tations are critical here." said Peter Reuter,
said another addict, who was introduced to
treatment works from the inside out. It is a
trading. Nor can it solve the criminal and so-
drug policy expert with the RAND Corp.
the drug at'a fraternity party at Duke Uni-
kind of do-it-yourseif rebirth that usually
cial environment that encourages drug abuse.
"That's hard to build into politics."
versity. In the beginning, at least, there's no
involves a total change of life style and
Yet to help rehabilitate the addict, many drug
Hard, but necessary-if the country is
pain associated with this disease the way
some form of spiritual awakening-whether
really serious about helping the victims of
counselors must deal with the nonmedical
it's through the Nation of Islam OF Narcot-
drug wars, who are, after all, sick.
a
22
SENT BY:Republican Natl Comm ; 7-10-90 ; 9:02AM ;
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Republican
National
Committee
Jeanie Austin
FACSILMILE TRANSMITTAL SHEET
Co-Chairman
OFFICE OF THE CO-CHAIRMAN
DATE:
July 210,1990
TO:
carol Blymine
FROM:
Alice Marrin
Our FAX # is: (202)863-8631
Total number of pages including cover sheet:
16
If you do not receive all pages, please call (202)863-8545
and ask for
*
COMMENTS: Thanks carol! Please let
me know the outcome.
I appreciate your work on
This! I will follow up
with a call to Dave Carney's
ship. Thanks again
Dwight D. Eisenhower Republican Center 310 First Street Southeast Washington D.C. 20003 (202) 863-8545
SENT BY:Republican Natl Comm ; 7-10-90 ; 9:03AM ;
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ALM
Leading the way
Idaho Republican Party
ourds
P.O. Box 2267
Bolse, Idaho 83701
Telephone (208) 343-6405
June 29, 1990
Alice Marrin
Office of Co-Chairman
Republican National Committee
Dwight D. Eisenhower Republican Center
310 First Street Southeast
Washington, D.C. 20003
SUBJECT: "1,000 Points of Light Initiative"
Dear Ms. Marrin:
I would like to nominate for the 1,000 Points of Light
Initiative, Jerry Lister. Mr. Lister is a policeman with the
Boise Police Department, who has taken a special interest in the
young people of our community and, as a result, created an
organization called Parents and Youth Against Drug Abuse
(PAYADA).
Under Jerry's leadership, this organization has become the most
outstanding organization in the state of Idaho to assist young
people with substance abuse. I am enclosing a description of the
history of PAYADA and its current programs. You will see that it
is both an exciting and very innovative program.
I happen to serve as Chairman of the Board of this organization
and have been successful in getting Senator Steve Symms as a
board member as well as Louise McClure, wife of Senator McClure.
We also have other notables on the board such as the mayor of the
city of Boise and the U.S. Attorney for the state of Idaho. More
important than what I believe to be an outstanding board is our
volunteer effort, all under the direction of Jerry Lister who is
one of those individuals who has made a difference.
A recognition of Jerry for a job well done and for a person who
has made a difference would be most appropriate.
Sincerely,
Kandelyne Randy Ayre
Chairman
Enclosures
CC: Jeanie Austin
John
Extended Page
2.1
John Cowden
SENT BY:Republican Natl Comm ; 7-10-90 ; 9:04AM ;
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PARENTS AND YOUTH AGAINST DRUG ABUSE
(PAYADA)
DRUG PREVENTION PROGRAM
PAYADA GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
PAYADA has annual plan and financial budget. Briefly stated,
PAYADA will continue to emphasize the four basic program
elements, including the annual summer youth conference. The
objective is to educate as many community members as possible
about substance abuse (which includes alcohol). The programs
will continue as a cooperative effort between the police depart-
ments and the community. The long-term goal is to remain one of
the most effective education groups in the state. The short-
term goal is to educate approximately 12,000 parents and youth
in 1990.
HISTORY OF PAYADA AND CURRENT PROGRAMS
PAYADA is an outgrowth of a drug prevention program established
by the Boise Police Department in 1981. The group was formed as
a volunteer organization with a police officer and a group of
adults teaching a series of four classes for parents and youth of
Ada County. The PAYADA efforts have grown from 23 events in 1982
to over 200 classes and community seminars in 1989, reaching over
10,000 people.
PAYADA remains a preventative education organization. The Boise
Police Department and the volunteer organization (currently over
100 people) concentrate on substance abuse education and preven-
tion in four areas:
A.
Local Classes - a series of four classes are
offered in the spring and the fall at various
schools throughout the valley. For the spring
of 1990 there have been 16 locations available.
Class sizes vary from 25 to 175 participants.
B
Community Programs 1 PAYADA provided seminars
and presentations for various community groups
including service clubs like Rotary, all
religious groups and various business organi-
zations in Ada and Canyon counties.
PAYADA participates in many other events during
the year including such things as celebrity
basketball games, the annual RED RIBBON CAMPAIGN,
the fourth of July parade, Just Say No programs,
school assemblies, etc.
SENT BY: Republican Natl Comm ; 7-10-90 ; 9:04AM ;
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GEld
Peeis
C.
Youth to Youth -- in 1987 PAYADA organized a
youth organization of junior high and high
school students. The purpose is to provide
educational and recreational activities for
all types of kids in a drug-free environment.
This year the Youth to Youth group will host
the second annual state conference in June,
expecting 250-300 students from throughout
Idaho. In addition, weekly groups have been
formed in Boise, Meridian, Kuna, and Sun
Valley.
The PAYADA Youth to Youth group has won national,
state, and local recognition as one of the most
effective youth education models. Three of the
students were selected to be national speakers
at the Washington, D.C., conference in 1989.
In addition, Youth to Youth has been granted
special recognition and monetary awards from
J.C. Penney, Price Development, U.S. West
Foundation, Boise Cascade Corporation, West One
Bank, and the Gannett Foundation.
D.
Statewide Program -- Based on the success of
PAYADA in Treasure Valley, the program has been
placed in thirteen other communities throughout
the state. In each case, the series of four
local classes are first developed in coopera-
tion with the local police department and
volunteers. The PAYADA model has worked well,
and the growth of the program is limited only
by resources of people and money.
Enclosed are copies of à recent presentation for the Board of
Directors which highlights the activities and accomplishments
of PAYADA during 1989.
SENT BY:Republican Natl Comm. ; 7-10-90 ; 9:05AM ;
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RECEIVED
MAR 3 0 1990
PAYADA
J.T.C.
PARENTS AND YOUTH AGAINST DRUG ABUSE
Spring 1990
DRUG PREVENTION
COMMUNITIES WORKING TOGETHER
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2 BUT WE MIGHT WANT TO USE IT in Futine DRUG Sp.
CHRiSS THIS DOESN'T FITINTO CRANG
Page
MESSAGE FROM JERRY LISTER, PAYADA PROGRAM DIRECTOR
Recently I, along with other police officers
are porous and some slime seepsthrough.
lems of drugs, police agencies play an
from across the state, had the opportunity
Important no, a VITAL- role in stem-
to listen to Stan Morris, assistant to Wil-
Yet, we need to continue to enforce drug
ming the tide of drug abuse in our commu-
liam Bennett, the President's Drug Czar.
laws at a zero tolerance level of enforce-
nities. We must combine with schools,
Mr. Morris spoke about the federal
ment. We must not warn and release
community action groups, and the private
government's concern on how the "War on
juvenile beer drinkers or pot users if they
sector to lead in our role of enforcement
Drugs" is being fought across the nation.
have only a little. We must stay vigilante
and education in drug issues.
He made several insightful statements
in our enforcement of drug laws. Then, we
that I feel are Important to repeat and
must stretch ourselves. The Director of
PAYADA offers to you our help. We have
emphasize.
the National Institute of Justice, James K.
had a successful partnership in communi-
Stewart, sald, "It is time we abandon tradi-
ties across the state. We want to do more.
Mr. Morris began by saying that the Presi-
tional police methods in combatting drugs.
If you or your police agency, school or
dent's drug strategy is not a federal policy,
Police agencies hold a unique position in
community group would like more Infor-
but a NATIONAL STRATEGY. What he
their communities. Who better knows
mation on how to get Involved, contact
was saying, and I whole heartedly agree,
what is out there and who better can be
PAYADA at (208) 377-6656 for the near-
is that the solutions to Idaho's drug prob-
trained to honestly and objectively warn
est PAYADA organization in your area.
lems do not lie in the federal government.
the public of its dangers?"
We, as Idahoans, as part of the nation,
must mobilize our forces and establish our
Cary Edwards, Attorney General of the
plans to fight the war from within Idaho.
State of New Jersey has stated," is ap-
ABOUT THE COVER
With the federal government's assistance
parent that the only way a crusade against
and our work as communities we can
drugs can successfully be waged is through
make our strategy a success.
a partnership between police, prosecu-
Pictured are participants of the First An-
tors,
the
public
A short term strategy
nual Idaho Youth to Youth Conference.
The next point Mr. Morris made is a point
must rely heavily on enforcement of the
The conference was held on the North-
which I and PAYADA have been empha-
drugs laws; for the long term, police agen-
west Nazarene College campus in July
sizing for about 6 years. He said that as he
cies must be involved in educating society
1989, and over 120 teens and adults par-
has gone from state to state and commu-
toward becoming a drug free society."
ticipated in the week-long session. An-
nity to community, he has heard people
other conference is being planned for
say over and over, "Police departments
These enforcement leaders realize that In
summer of 1990.
cannot stop the drug problem- they have
the national strategy to combat the prob-
failed, schools cannot stop the drug prob-
Iem - they have failed, communities
cannot stop the drug problem-they have
KICK THE CAFFEINE HABIT
failed, families cannot stop the drug prob-
lem - they have falled." Mr. Morris said,
"I agree with these doomsayers. We have
Listen Magazine
all falled. We have all failed because we
leave out one important word. That word
Dr. Patricia Mutch, professor of nutrition at
of each brand. Use those which don't con-
is ALONE." We will all fail if we try to stop
Andrews University, has several sugges-
tain caffeine.
the drug problem alone. However, If we
tions If you want to kick the caffeine habit.
change our emphasis and say "TO-
4. Substitute fruit juices for soft drinks
GETHER" we will not fall. Drug abuse is
1. Recognize that there are going to be
to take advantage of all the nutrients they
not "only" a police problem, and it is not
withdrawal symptoms, such as headaches
contain.
"only" a school problem. It is a community
and sleepiness. Treat the headaches with
problem and together we can solve that
aspirin (not painkillers containing caffeine)
$. If you want something not to drink,
problem.
or other traditional means and the sleepi-
choose herbal teas and coffee substitutes
ness with rest. It's better to plan to quit at
(made from roasted barley and other
It is time that we in the law enforcement
a low-stress time when you can rest, such
grains).
sector of the community change our attl-
as on a holiday or over a weekend.
tudes about drug use and abuse. Our
6. Try to work ahead on projects and
traditional role has always been one of
2. Allow 24 to 48 hours for your body to
homework so you don't need to use a
enforcement of drug laws. And, quite
use up the caffeine that's in it. Drink six to
stimulant to stay awake at night getting
frankly, we have not done all that good of
eight glasses of water or juice a day to help
them done. If you must stay up late
a job. We are that thin blue line, between
flush it out.
occasionally, drink lots of water, do deep-
anarchy and peace, but we are often
breathing exercises, and get up and walk
stretched so thin that In some places we
3. If you drink soft drinks, read the label
around often to keep yourself awake.
SENT BY: Republican Nati Comm 7-10-90 9:06AM
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Page 3
SECOND ANNUAL IDAHO YOUTH TO YOUTH CONFERENCE
Nearly 300 energetic teens and fun-loving
On opening day of the conference, the
positive
programs In their community
adults will "Catch the Drug Free Wave" on
electricity of the staff excitement boils over
should register now for this exciting and
the Northwest Nazarene College campus
as the week is Introduced. Teens become
rewarding opportunity. Registration is $125
in Nampa June 12 16, 1990. The word
immediately involved in activities that help
for teens and $150 for adults. Registration
has spread that this is a fun and exciting
them meet and understand new friends.
fees include room, meals, and a confer-
week that builds self-esteem, strengthens
Fun activities, small group discussions,
ence T-shirt. Teen groups have found
youth leadership skills, and develops last-
and outstanding speakers challenge teens
many positive ways to raise the funds to
ing friendships. During last year's confer-
to grow, learn and develop their potential
attend these conferences in the past. To
ence even adults had a great time as they
-without the influence of alcohol or other
obtain a registration packet or conference
learned to reach out and try new and
drugs.
flyers, contact:
exciting life experiences.
The Idaho Conference will feature a carni-
PAYADA
The staff for this active conference is made
val, dance, music, skits, and a group
P.O. Box 500
up of teens and adults who train together
challenge course that builds cooperation
Bolse, ID 83701
for two days prior to the participants' arri-
and confidence. Featured guests will be
val. They learn how to lead exciting activi-
from television shows, sports, and the
For more information you may call
ties, games, and skits. The staff builds a
music entertainment business.
PAYADA Youth to Youth at (208) 362-
relationship as a team to reach out to meet
the needs of each other and the partici-
9106, afternoons; or PAYADA at (208)
Teens who will be in grades 7 - 12 and
377-6656 during business hours.
pants.
adults Interested in helping teens build
YOUTH TO YOUTH TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES
THE
Throughout the year, the Youth to Youth
1990 to prepare adults for the challenges
INTERNATIONAL
program offers a variety of training pro-
and rewards of working with teens in a
grams to develop leadership for adult
facilitating role, or behind-the-scenes
FAMILY
facilitators as well as teen leaders. Many
management.
of these training sessions are in the Bolse
By Shannon M. Bish
vicinity. There are also some training
*Teen Stress Management: Teens face a
sessions that can be conducted in other
variety of stresses and have the opportu-
Hugs and kisses
communities with local participants. For
nity to experience hands-on activities that
From around the world,
more Information contact PAYADA Youth
they can utilize before stresses take a
Love pours in
to Youth at (208) 362-9106 weekday after-
negative toll.
With caring words.
noons.
Adult volunteers are always welcome and
We'll win you over
Training sessions that have been held
encouraged to participate in a variety of
With friendship and compassion.
recently in the Boise area Include:
roles. The most Important prerequisite is
Give us a chance,
a love of teenagers, respect for their po-
We're the new crazy fashion.
Speakers Bureau Training: Trains teens
tential, and a desire to be a participant in
and adults to make energetic and effective
activities with teens.
Take our outstretched hand
presentations to schools, community
And we'll show you a good time.
groups, and the media. Methods of pres-
No drugs need to be used
entation Include skits, talks, and puppetry.
JERRY LISTER HONORED
None of any kind.
Staff Training: Trains teens and adults to
It's cool to be drug-freel
co-facilitate small groups, lead workshops,
Bolse police officer and PAYADA Director,
The news is spreading fast.
participate in skits, and energize groups,
Jerry Lister, was one of 50 Americans
Everyone is certain
recognized in the December 27, 1989,
This group will last.
* Youth Advisory Board Planning: Teens
Issue of USA Today. Jerry was Idaho's
work together to plan activities and events
DrugBuster of the year and was nominated
Join our International family,
throughout the year.
for his anti-drug work.
And the only admission fee
is a big bear hug
t Adult Roles in the Youth to Youth Pro-
Congratulations, Jerry, for your achieve-
And the desire to be drug-free!
gram: This new training will be available in
ments and outstanding honor!
SENT Republican Natl Comm ; 7-10-90 9:07AM ;
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Page 4
WHAT IS YOUTH TO YOUTH?
A message from Minnie Inzer
teens taking responsibility upon them-
families, while others must support them-
Director, PAYADA Youth to Youth
selves and serving as support for their
selves. Some have had extensive chal-
friends to say "No" to alcohol and drug
lenges from their previous use of alcohol
We often receive phone calls asking, "What
use. Youth to Youth focuses its programs
and other drugs, while some have never
is Youth to Youth?" "What kind of kids
on the temptations that teens are most
used these substances. The key issue is
participate in Youth to Youth?" Youth to
likely to face while they are growing up
that they all learn to care about them-
today. The program emphasizes the de-
selves and others, and they promote cele-
Youth is an anti-drug program with a focus
velopment of young leadership. Teens
brating life without the use of alcohol and
on harnessing the powerful force of peer
comprise the Youth Advisory Board and
other drugs.
pressure - often turning it around to
become a positive force that encourages
are trained in public speaking and the
young people to live alcohol and drug-free
presentation of skits and puppet shows.
Youth to Youth goes beyond merely pre-
senting information on the dangers of drug
lives. The program began In Columbus,
Teens teach at conferences and work-
Ohio, and has participants In dozens of
shops. All special events are coordinated
use.
Using the emotional involvement
communities throughout the United States
by teen efforts with adult guidance and
that comes from working together in small
support.
groups, the program encourages personal
and several foreign countries.
growth. The program presents techniques
This program Is especially effective be-
Youth to Youth programs Involve teen-
that teens can use to change their own en-
cause It sends a clear message of NO
agers from all backgrounds. Some are
vironments; It suggests alternatives to drug
alcohol or other drug use for teens at any
student body le aders, while others may be
use and develops le adership.
time. This message prevents ambiguous,
athletes, musicians, computer enthusiasts,
or prefer to read. Some are extremely
Why not try it out? Call us at (208) 362-
situational challenges. The programs are
outgoing, while others are quiet. Some
9106 for more information.
uniquely TEEN-CENTERED. Parents and
teachers are welcome to participate in the
are top students, while others are barely
programs, but Youth to Youth focuses on
hanging on. Some come from supportive
YOUTH TO YOUTH TO ME
school was out, not because it would mean
family group. He explained everything
by Mindi Griffin
more than one day a week to sleep In, but
and showed me the campus.
Mid March of last year, 1 was walking
that my first conference was on its way to
through the office of my high school when
becoming a reality.
We did lots of activities that built my self
esteem and did many fun things that elped
I saw a sign that said, "PAYADA - Sum-
In June I received all of the Information for
to ease the mourning of my grandfather. I
mer Conference." I was going to continue
walking by until one word caught my eye,
the conference. I was all prepared, until
made a lot of new friends and built a very
"Scholarships." I picked up a brochure
five days before registration, when my
close relationship with the members of my
and an application. I had always wanted
grandfather passed away and his funeral
family group. All of this happened in a
to go to a summer conference of any kind,
was to be on Monday, the first day of the
drug-free surrounding, something I've
but 1 never had the financial ability to pay
conference. Fearing I would not be able to
always wanted to be around.
for it. Now I had a chance to get a schol-
go, I called Minnle Inzer and explained my
arship and lower the cost. My values and
situation. I had not even paid my registra-
The experience I had at the 1989 Youth to
Ideals about drugs were Identical to the
tion fee yet. Minnie kindly expressed her
Youth Conference could never be re-
placed. The compassion of the leaders for
drug-free philosophy. I fillediout my appli-
sympathy and explained that she under-
cation in my next class.
stood my circumstances and that I could
me and my situation helped me go on with
go a day late and still participate. I thought
my life in a positive manner. I have contin-
When I arrived home, I discussed with my
to myself as I hung up the telephone, "All
ued to be a part of Youth to Youth and I am
parents the possibility of my attending the
right! I still get to go!"
planning to be a staff member at our next
conference. Hopefully, 1 will be able to
conference. They were exclted about my
getting involved in an anti-drug group and
Tuesday morning I woke early, packed my
help someone in need, the same way that
approved. Yeal The hardest part was
things and headed for Nampa, the loca-
I was encouraged. All of this happened
tion of the conference. When I arrived,
because 1 saw a sign that said, "Sch
over. Now all i had to do was send in my
being a shy person, I did not know where
ship Funds Available."
application.
I was supposed to go. Some of the adult
A couple of weeks later 1 received a letter
staff members came and helped me un-
explaining the type of scholarship I was
load and made sure that 1 got breakfast.
awarded. I counted down the days until
Then I met the youth staff leader of my
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Page 5
LETTERS FROM TEENS:
Youth to Youth is
Youth to Youth has affected me greatly. It
effect on every single person with whom
has been the single most positive Influ-
the drug user associates. Drugs will liter-
A time when adults and youth can come
ence in my life. Youth to Youth allows the
ally tear a family apart. No matter how a
together for a common purpose of creat-
best of friends to do something very
person rationalizes, drug use can never
ing a drug-free community.
meaningful. I have met friends from all
have a positive effect on the individual
across the country that will support me for
drug user, the people with whom he/she
A time when you can be yourself,
the rest of my life.
associates, or society as a whole.
regardless of the choices and mistakes
by Brett
you have made in the past. No one judges
Youth to Youth presents an incredible
you for where you have been, they just
opportunity to speak to my parents, friends,
reach out and love you for who you are.
and the community about my choice to live
I choose to be drug-free because 1 want to
drug and alcohol free. We can make a dif-
make the most of my life. Drugs, including
...
You laugh with people you never
ference and turn lives around. Youth to
alcohol, damage the mind and body. They
thought you would laugh with, you cry with
Youth is an Incredible organization which
have a negative effect on all aspects of life
people you never knew before, you hug
I love.
and destroy many opportunities to suc-
everyone with outstretched arms and a joy
by Troy
ceed in life. I choose to be drug-free
that is overwhelming.
because I want to succeed in life.
by Bob
Extremely rewarding for adults to
Youth to Youth conferences are truly the
interact with teens and share as people,
most fun-filled, action-packed, and emo-
not authority figures. It's amazing to see
tionally Inspiring experiences possible, I
I feel that being a teenager now is very
the "magic" as strangers develop endur-
really want to encourage other youth to
tough. When I see all of the problems with
ing friendships In a matter of hours.
attend the conference this summer be-
drugs in the news, 1 know that drugs are
Sometimes, It's heartbreaking to hear the
cause everyone can learn a lot about
wrong. I feel responsible to do all that 1 can
extremely difficult struggles some teens
themselves and each other. The friends
to show others that drugs aren't neces-
have survived, but watching them grow
people make and the memories they share
sary for a good life.
and turn around their lives is worth what-
last forever, The creative Ideas that every-
ever effort It may take.
one brings back to their communities make
I'm seventeen right now and I've never
a positive difference in the drug problem.
tried drugs or alcohol. I don't want to. I've
I expected lectures and preaching.
by Karen
heard people at my school bragging about
Was I ever surprised! Everyone takes part
their weekends of getting stoned sense-
and talks about things that really matter in
less, then getting into trouble and often
our lives. I thought kids who say they are
Youth to Youth Conference Is a time when
arrested. I know that I don't need any of
drug-free would all be "geeks." Was I ever
you can forget about everything in the
that. I have a lot of friends that I can go out
wrong
They are the most fun friends I
outside world and let out your true feelings
have
with on weekends and have a lot of fun, but
and each one is quite different.
about what is going on In your life.
with no hang-over. I don't want to have to
by Darrin
pay for my fun by dropping to depression.
WHY ARE PARENTS
High school is tough enough to go through
Youth to Youth, a drug-free organization
- drugs just make it harder. The best
IMPORTANT?
for teenagers, promotes a very healthy
advice you'll ever hear is to "Just Say No!"
drug-free life. Why is it Important for
I'm a senior right now and I'm worried
Adapted from NFP No Dope Connection
people to be drug-free? The relasons are
about graduation, college and life In gen-
as numerous as they are varied. Every
eral. I don't want to mess it up by doing
If there is any hope for successfully fight-
aspect of a person's life will take a steep
drugs. Stay off them!
ing America's teenage drug use, parents
decline if drugs are used. Self-esteem
by Barry
must join the forces already at work. Our
plummets. A person who uses drugs does
society will continue to depend on govern-
not care as much about their own personal
ment agencies to curb the supply of illegal
appearance and hyglene, A person's
mental sharpness will often decline during
YOUTH TO YOUTH
drugs, but parents are the key to reducing
the dermand for illegal drugs. Armed with
drug use. The physical abilities of à per-
current scientific and medical Information
son will decrease through the use of drugs.
Fun Friends
and motivated by love, parents are help-
Also, a person's life is severely endan-
Week-long Summer Conference
ing to change young people's attitudes
gered through drug use.
Laughing Crying
about drugs. All across America, parents
DRUG-FREE
are discovering that there Is additional
Besides being a danger to the Individual
strength and power through a united ef-
drug user, drugs will also have a terrible
fort.
SENT Republican Natl Comm 7-10-90 9:09AM
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Page 6
PAYADA STATEWIDE
IDAHO FALLS/BONNEVILLE COUNTY
An Initial group of about thirty citizens
bers present unanimously voted to fran-
were Identified and, after several meet-
chise with PAYADA.
The fall classes have been a huge suc-
ings, an executive committee was formed.
The members of the executive committee
A second PAYADA was scheduled in April/
cess in idaho Falls. As national attention
on the drug crisis mounts, many people
were directed to research existing drug
May 1989 at Gate City Elementary School.
seem anxious to know what they can do to
education programs to determine If any
Jerry and his presenters again conducted
could be adapted for use in our commu-
the four sessions for the benefit of local
help reduce drug abuse. As parents and
nity. The drug education program desired
volunteers who were willing to get in-
youth attended PAYADA classes, they
was one that would involve the commu-
volved with PAYADA in Pocatello.
reported that the information they received
was vital. Many have said that the classes
nity, educate parents and their children
should be mandatory.
about drugs, and be affordable.
Local volunteers organized the Manage-
ment Committee in August with Carole
PAYADA classes in Bonneville County
Over the next several months the execu-
Misner elected President. Lance Perkins
began In the spring of 1988 at Clare E.
tive committee met and evaluated several
and Chuck Horn volunteered to oversee
drug education programs. Most of these
the fund raising efforts to get the program
Gale Junior High School with 124 partici-
pants. Three of the four 1989 fall classes
programs were discounted because of
started.
broke this attendance record, with Am-
prohibitive initial costs as well as high
maintenance costs. Others were dis-
PAYADA of Bannock County officially
mon Elementary bringing in the most at
186. The main reason for this success is
counted as not addressing the criteria of
franchised with PAYADA, Inc. on October
the local PAYADA board. in many organi-
Involving the parents and youth.
1, 1989. Since then our local volunteers
have conducted two separate PAYADA
zations, there are one or two key people
doing all the work. If you join our organi-
in the summer of 1986, the executive
programs for four elementary schools.
committee learned about PAYADA. They
Carole Misner and Bill Hess, a volunteer
zation, watch out! Everyone works and no
contacted Jerry Lister of the Bolse Police
from Idaho Power Company, served as
one is Indispensable.
Department who developed the PAYADA
facilitators at the two sessions. Carol
Thanks to the support we're getting from
program. Mr. Lister explained that the first
Kirkland, Aspen Crest Hospital, and Den-
Jerry Lister & Company in Bolse, we are
PAYADA presentation series would cost
Ise Campbell, Walker Center, presented
looking forward to getting Youth to Youth
$800. After that, if Pocatello wanted to
the third session topic on addiction. Deena
off the ground and expanding the number
franchise with PAYADA it would cost $100
and Shawn, our two young people who are
of classes from seven in 1989 to twelve in
initially and $100 each year. He said that
recovering from dependency, have been
he would present the first series and after
very popular with the audiences. Dr. Linda
1990.
that he would provide training for local
Barnier, Idaho State University Family
Idaho Falls/Bonneville County PAYADA
volunteers to present future programs.
Education Center, rounds out the program
was also contacted by a local group of
The $800 for the first program was ob-
with the communications presentation for
concerned citizens in Butte County. They
tained through the Drug Free Schools
the fourth session. The overall response
were concerned about how to fight drugs
monies available from the Department of
from those attending has been very posit
in their own community. Under the direc-
Health & Welfare.
tive.
tion of PAYADA in Bolse, Steve Roos from
Idaho Falls has begun to help the Butte
The executive committee recommended
The PAYADA program will be presented
County group form their own PAYADA
to the general committee that PAYADA be
in a junior high school and two more elet
programs. They will hold their first PAYADA
selected as the drug education program
mentary schools beginning in January
classes In January 1990.
for Pocatello. After some discussion the
1990. Volunteers have also been re-
general committee authorized the execu-
cruited to help start a Youth to Youth
POCATELLO/BANNOCK COUNTY
tive committee to bring PAYADA In for a
program.
pilot presentation. The first PAYADA pres-
entation was scheduled at Indian Hills
MINIDOKA
In late December 1987, then Chief of
Police Norman W. Propst organized a task
School, January 15 through February 15,
force comprised of representatives from
1989. The response from the families at-
The Minidoka PAYADA Chapter got off to
the police department, School District #25,
tending the pilot program was overwhelm-
a good start this fall with the first set of
the office of the Bannock County Prosecu-
ingly positive.
classes. The average number of partici-
tor, and the Juvenile magistrate. This task
pants the first three sessions was 90 par-
force was to identify citizens within our
The general committee met again In Feb-
ents and students. There were 67 attend-
community who could be called upon to
ruary 1989 to review PAYADA and evalu-
ing the last night.
help in the organization and implementa-
ate its reception at Indian Hills School. In
tion of a community owned drug education
light of the strong positive response to
PAYADA, the general committee mem-
See STATEWIDE, page
7
program.
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Page 7
FACTS ON ALCOHOL
CHILDREN AND THEIR CHANGING ATTITUDE TOWARD THEIR PARENTS
Reprinted from Campuses without Drugs
Colorado Federation of Parents for Drug
Age 50 - "What would Mom and Dad
Newsletter, 1988
Free Youth, Inc.
have thought about It?"
Age 60 - "I wish I could talk It over with
The user of alcohol is Involved in:
Every parent realizes that children go
them one more time."
70% all murders
through different stages in their attitude
66% fatal accidents
toward Mom and Dad, as represented by
60% child abuse cases
the statements below:
STATEWIDE, from page 8
55% all arrests
41% assaults
Age 4 - "My parents can do anything."
Under the sponsorship of the Rupert
37% suicides
Age 8 - "There might be one or two
Kiwanis Club and the Rupert Police De-
36% pedestrian accidents
things they don't know."
partment, over $800 was raised In just two
22% home accidents
Age 12 - "Naturally, my parents don't
months. The area has been very recep-
understand."
tive to the classes. The Management
Average beginning age of
Age 14 "I never realized how hopelessly
Committee is starting to get things lined up
alcohol use is 12.5.
old fashioned they are!"
for the next set of classes scheduled to
Alcohol is a drug.
Age 21 - "You would expect them to feel
begin in February 1990. Lucky Bourn,
Alcohol has no nutritional value.
that way. They're out-of-date."
chairman of the Minidoka PAYADA, will
More than half of all drunk driving
Age 25 - "They come up with a good idea
co-teach these classes as part of the train-
fatalities are underage.
now and then."
ing sponsored by PAYADA.
Every 5 seconds a teen-has
Age 30 - "I wonder what Mom and Dad
a drug/alcohol related traffic
think I should do."
Other PAYADA classes are also planned
accident.
Age 40 - "Let's be patient until we dis-
this winter/spring in Emmett, Caldwell,
3,300,000 teenagers are
cuss it with our parents."
and Kellogg. For more Information about
alcoholic.
these classes contact PAYADA at
377-6656.
PAYADA CLASSES SPRING 1990
From January to May 1990, PAYADA classes will be held at the 8.
Fairmont Junior High
listed locations. Classes will be from 7:00 to 9:00 p.m. For further
2121 N. Cole - 322-3835
Information contact Jerry Listeriat 377-6656 or the phone number
February 27, March 6, 13, 20 (Tuesday)
listed at the location you wish to attend.
9.
Franklin Elementary
5007 Franklin - 338-3440
1.
Amity Elementary School
February 28, March 7, 14, 21 (Wednesday)
10000 W. Amity - 322-3800
10.
Hillcrest Elementary School
January 18, 25, February 1, 8 (Thursday)
2045 S. Pond - 338-3457
2.
Whitney Elementary School
March 1, 8, 15, 22 (Thursday)
1609 S. Owyhee - - 338-3515
11.
Mountain View Elementary
January 24, 31, February 7, 14 (Wednesday)
3500 Cabarton - 322-3824
3.
Star Elementary School
April 3, 10, 17, 24 (Tuesday)
Star - 286-7211
12.
Pierce Park Elementary
January 30, February 6, 13, 20 (Tuessday)
5015 Pierce Park Ln. 338-3500
4.
Liberty Elementary School
April 4, 11, 18, 25 (Wednesday)
1740 S. Bergeson - - 338-3464
13.
Hawthorne Elementary
February 1, 8, 15, 22 (Thursday)
2401 Targee 338-3450
5.
Jackson Elementary School
April 5, 12, 19, 26 (Thursday)
334 S. Cole 322-3808
14.
Valley View Grange
February 13, 20, 27, March 6 (Tuesday)
Mitchell Street, Boise
6.
Ustick Elementary School
April 17, 24, May 1, 8 (Tuesday)
4535 Ustick — 375-3204
15.
Frontler Elementary
February 14, 21,28, March 7 (Wednesday)
11851 Musket - 375-2314
7.
McKinley Elementary High
April 18, 25, May 2, 9 (Wednesday)
6400 Overland - 322-3818
16.
Eagle Hills
February 15, 22, March 1, 8 (Thursday)
650 Ranch Dr. - 939-1413
April 19, 26, May 3, 10 (Thursday)
SENT BY:Republican Natl Comm 7-10-90
9:11AM
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Pone R
Page 8
1989 RED RIBBON CAMPAIGN
ICE
The 1989 Red Ribbon Campaign was
prevention/educationwere held every day.
ICE is a deadly, smokable crystalline form
On Friday, Oct. 27, the students released
of methamphetamine. Methamphetam-
held throughout the state of Idaho during
the week of October 22-29, 1989. Many
red balloons with messages Inside. The
ine is an illegally manufactured form of
communities and organizations partici-
merchants at the Magic Valley Mall in Twin
amphetamine. Amphetamine Is a phar-
pated In activities focusing on drug abuse
Falls participated in Red Ribbon activities
maceutical central nervous system stimu-
on Saturday, Oct. 28.
lant. Methamphetamine Is approximately
prevention.
three to five times the strength of pharma-
The Red Ribbon Committee commissioned
ceutical amphetamine and about three
Monday, Oct. 23, a Red Ribbon rally was
held on the Statehouse steps, and Gover-
the design of Idaho's very own Red Rib-
times as physically and psychologically
addicting. Methamphetamine, also called
nor Andrus signed a proclamation declar-
bon logo which has been trade-marked.
ing the week of October 22-29 as Red
The logo will be used in conjunction with
crank, crystal, or speed, is either snorted
Ribbon Week In Idaho. At the rally, the
Red Ribbon activities each year. Hun-
or mixed with water and injected. A typical
winners of the Treasure Valley Red Rib-
dreds of T-shirts with the logo printed on
high from crank, when either snorted or
the front were distributed all around Idaho.
Injected, consists of Increased energy,
bon Poster Contest were named and
wakefulness, an Intense wave of exhilara-
awarded prizes. Later the same day a rally
was held at Garfield Elementary School
Several businesses in Idaho provided red
tion, and wide mood swings. The user may
where Boise Mayor Dirk Kempthorne
ribbons for their employees to wear during
often become paranoid, violent, and diffi-
the week. All In all, Red Ribbon activities
cult to handle due to mental confusion and
signed a proclamation. Red Ribbons
around Idaho were on the increase and
feelings of stress. These conditions may
decorated trees at both the Statehouse
the Red Ribbon Campaign was very vis-
continue for two to four hours, followed by
and City Hall during the entire week.
ible this year. Red was in abundance
severe mental and physical depression
and an Intense urge to use again.
Several schools in the Treasure Valley
everywhere!
participated in the Treasure Valley Red
The ICE user is even at greater risk.
Ribbon Poster Contest sponsored by
Smoking is the fastest and most intense
McDonald's. The theme of the poster
way to take a drug. Like smoking crack,
contest was, "My Choice Drug Free."
the smoke from ICE hits the lungs and
There were many excellent posters sub-
brain within five to ten seconds after inhal-
mitted, and two students from Boise
schools and one from a Caldwell school
ing. An extremely Intense rush of energy
to the brain and CNS causes the user to
were the three top winners. Sears, K-106
feel all powerful and invincible. Unlike the
and George's Lightweight Cycles provided
rush from crack, which lasts about fifteen
the prizes for the winners. Special recog-
minutes, the high from ICE may last from
nition certificates were givento all contest-
four to fourteen hours. During the high the
ants.
user often experiences toxic psychosis
similar to paranoid schizophrenia, extreme
Assemblies, plays/skits and other activi-
fee lings of anxiety, panic attacks, and
ties were held every day In the Meridian
fee lings of "going crazy." The users often
School District, as well as other Idaho
Youth speakers during the rally to officially
become extremely violent due to paranoia
schools. At the Caldwell Seventh-Day
Adventist Elementary School, assemblies
open Red Ribbon Week were Kelly McMo-
and mental confusion. The high is followed
nigle and Troy Odom.
by complete depletion of body energy
featuring special speakers on drug abuse
which causes the user to either reuse the
drug or crash for long periods of time.
Pictured are members of
Overdose and/or death is common among
the Red Ribbon Planning
Committee-Jerry Lister,
regular ICE users. Overdose is most often
PAYADA;
Lynda
displayed in mental confusion resulting in
McCloskey, Bolse Inde-
the need for hospitalization in mental
pendent School District:
hospitals. The Honolulu Police Depart-
Minnie Inzer, PAYADA
ment reports approximately six overdoses
Youth to Youth; Linda
per day in their city. The brain is often
Hopfenbeck, S Attorney's
"burned out" and permanent inability to
Office and Chair person of
concentrate and function normally Is ob-
the 1989 Red Ribbon
served. Overdose deaths are exhibited as
Campaign; Molly Chris-
heart attacks, seizures and strokes. The
tensen, McDonald's; and
Extended Page 12. 1
16113011,
Pat Gorman, Meridian
See ICE, page 10
School District.
SENT BY Republican Natl Comm ; 7-10-90 9:12AM
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Page 9
IS LEGALIZATION OF DRUGS THE ANSWER?
In the last issue of PAYADA we discussed
is taxed. Do the tax dollars from the alco-
Most physical child abuse, 70
at some length the issue of legalization of
percent
of
hol Industry pay for all the needed treat-
drugs. I would like to continue that discus-
Juvenile crimes and the majority of domes-
ment, education and other health care
tic fights are already drug/alcohol related.
sion. For the full discussion, you may
related expenses of alcohol abuse? Not
Will that really all go away because the
obtain the past copy of PAYADA at
even close. Ask any health care provider.
drugs are now legal?
PAYADA, P.O. Box 500, Boise, ID 83701.
The number one need, most will tell you, is
the need for Increased treatment for alco-
Legalization is a cop-out. It sounds nice on
This past month Ann Landers has had her
hol-related health problems. Who, then,
readers write in about the drug problem. I
the surface, but is much more complex once
must pay for the obvious Increase in health
the shiny glitter-top Is unraveled and the
was dismayed by the number who
related problems which will surely rise
advocated legalizing drugs. Even those
awful black mess caused by the true can-
from legalized drugs? Functioning, healthy,
close by admitted that the arguments
cerous worms of legalization Is uncovered.
drug free tax payers will pay that ever
sounded "pretty persuasive." But we must
increasing cost.
There is no quick fix and single Issue an-
not allow ourselves to be dismayed over
the ignorance of a vocal few. Remember,
swers to a problem which has been creep-
Violent crime will not decrease with more
at last count nearly 90 percent of high
ing up on us for the past 40 years. While the
and more people smoking, shooting and
school-age students and 75 percent of all
problem is huge, ft is not hopeless. The
swallowing legalized drugs. Simply making
adults surveyed wanted drugs kept illegal.
longtime solution lles In working a compre-
a drug legal does not change the fact that
hensive community plan which utilizes all
It causes anti-social behavior in people.
We must continue our support for pro-
parts of the solution-enforcement, courts,
Violent reactions to drugs, criminal acts
grams, candidates and issue advocates
prevention, education, intervention, and
and total disregard for the person and
treatment-in a coordinated effort. We are
which support the non-legalization of drugs.
property of others is caused by the use of
When letters appear in our newspapers
on the right track. Let's keep on and not let
drugs, not whether or not the drug Is legal.
we need to answer with editorials of our
those who advocate legalization derall US.
own. We need to support, and even
advocate, legislation which keeps our "no
legal use of drugs" philosophy in tact.
Then, and perhaps most importantly of all,
EFFECTS ON SHORT-TERM MEMORY IN CANN
ABIS-DEPENDENT ADO
LESCENTS
we must educate ourselves to look past
the suave rhetoric and sleek presentation
Review of an article by R.H. Schwartz, P.
of those who are for legalizing drugs, and
The test Included the Wechsler Intelli-
Gruenewald, and M. Klitzner in the "Ameri-
be prepared to combat their propaganda
gence Scale for Children, the Peterson
can Journal of Diseases of Children," April
with hard facts and cold logic.
and Peterson short-term memory para-
1988, Volume 142, Number 4, published
by the American Medical Association.
digm, the Buschke Selective Reminding
Legalization will not eliminate the black
Test, the Benton Visual Retention Test,
market profits or violence, as we are led to
the Wechsler Memory Scale Prose Pas-
The trémendous increase in the potency
believe. In order to even begin to do that,
sages, a complex-figure drawing test, and
of marijuana calls for new studies on its
we would need to make available any drug
a paired associate learning task.
effects on the brain. Dr. Schwartz and his
to any person in any strength upon de-
colleagues recently performed a study on
mand. User tolerance Increases with
Marijuana abstention was monitored by
the effects on short-term memory in mari-
habitual use, thus level doses or mainte-
24-hour surveillance and biweekly urine
juana-dependent adolescents. The sub-
nance doses just don't exist for addicts.
specimens. After six weeks of enforced
ject group comprised ten marijuana de-
Anyone who says addiction problems will
abstention from marijuana, significant dif-
pendent adolescents enrolled In a drug
go away with legal drugs just does not
ferences between the marijuana-depend-
treatment program. Control groups con-
understand the disease of addiction.
ent subjects and the two control groups
sisted of eight clients In the treatment pro-
were obtained on the Benton Visual Re-
gram who were Infrequent marijuana users
The growth of the dysfunctional and ad-
(less than weekly use) and nine siblings of
tention Test and the Wechster Memory
dicted population will Increase the load on
Scale Prose Passages. There was no
program clients who were not marijuana
a greatly overloaded social service system.
evidence of a differential Improvement in
users. All groups were matched on age,
Legalization advocates would have us
previous school performance, and IQ
perfo mance within the marijuana depend-
believe that revenues from taxing drugs
ent clients.
scores. None of the subjects were frequent
would solve that problem of increased
alcohol or PCP users.
load. Let's again look at what ils happen-
in conclusion, marijuana dependent ado-
Ing now.
Each subject was given a battery of as-
lescents retain their short term memory
deficits for at least six weeks after their last
sessments by a trained technician un-
Alcohol is a drug, alcohol Is legal, alcohol
use of marijuana.
aware of the subjects' dependency status.
SENT BY:Republican Natl Comm 7-10-90
9:13AM
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Page 10
FEATURES OF A GOOD TREATMENT PROGRAM
Chemical Dependency Is Considered a
group counseling and/or AA meetings for
Re-entry: The client must learn to main-
Disease: The program believes that the
at least three months. Aftercare continues
tain sobriety In a drug oriented society.
unacceptable behavior of the client is
on a frequent basis, often by attending AA
After adequate progress in a structured,
caused by the chemical use rather than by
or NA.
controlled, alcohol and drug free environ-
an underlying cause. The user must as-
ment, the client begins a gradual re-entry
sume responsibility for his/her own ac-
Family Involvement: There is counseling
into society, learning to remain alcohol
tions rather than blaming others.
and education for the total family including
and drug free at home, school, Job, and
siblings. This may be in the form of Al-
during leisure time. Therapy which may
An Alcohol-and-drug-free Life Style Is
Anon and Ala-Teen meetings. The family
be in the form of AA or NA meetings
Promoted: Counselors are drug free.
members learn to recognize and to change
continues during re-entry.
"Recreational" or "responsible use" of
the undesirable behavior responses they
alcohol or other drugs is not acceptable.
have developed in response to the user's
For more Information about drug rehabili-
Mind-aitering prescription drugs are not
unacceptable behavior. If family mem-
tation in your area contact your local
part of the therapy. Not only must chemi-
bers do not change, their ongoing ena-
PAYADA organization or local state sub-
cals be rejected but so too must the drug
bling behaviors are apt to facilitate a re-
stance abuse agencies.
culture be rejected.
lapse in the user. Establishment of good
family relationships is a major goal of the
Alcohol/drug-free Environment: Availabil-
program.
ity of prescription and street drugs within
the program must be very carefully moni-
tored. Clients, staff, and visitors can often
ICE, from page 8
be resources of street drugs. Parents must
understand that only programs which are
intense depression following use
able to control the environment 24 hours a
also results In increased suicides
day can provide a totally drug fre'e environ-
and suicide attempts. In the first
ment. Outpatient programs often use urine
six months of 1989, the Honolulu
testing as part of their monitoring program.
Police Department experienced
In an outpatient program parents have a
twelve overdose deaths, eight
responsibility to provide a 24 hour
homicides, and seven suicides
structured, controlled, alcohol and drug
attributed to the use of ICE.
free environment to the best of their ability.
ICE first appeared in Hawaii in
Peer Counselors: Some of the counselors
1985 and has mushroomed Into
are recovering abusers who can relate by
epidemic use since that time.
personal experience to the pain the child is
Police departments in southern
going through and read through the "cons"
California are just beginning to experience
bindles, small opaque glass vials, or clear
of their clients.
problems with ICE. Our own Vice & Nar-
heat-sealed cellophane pockets.
cotics Office reports that they have seen
The Evaluation and Intake Procedure: The
ICE "a couple of times" In this area. Local
The paraphe used by the ICE smoker
use of peer counselors during the evalu-
treatment centers report that they are not
is a small "tube" plpe. The pipe, unlike a
ation/intake procedure is especially cru-
experiencing calls for treatment from local
crack pipe, will have no screens and cool-
cial since many kids have conned coun-
parents.
ant chambers. The pipe will usually have
selors and the diagnosis has been missed.
a hole on the top of the bowl leading to the
Urine testing alone is not an adéquate di-
ICE derives its name from its appearance.
main chamber and may have a second
agnostic procedure.
As the photos depict, it looks like ICE crys-
vent hole on the pipe stem. The ICE is
tais or small Ice cubes. It is described by
placed in the chamber and heated with a
Treatment Tools: The time-proveh 12 steps
the Honolulu Police Department as a trans-
lighter until it turns to gas. The user places
of AA are used. There is an emphasis on
lucent crystal similar to "rock candy." Small
a finger over the hole and holds it there
facing the past and dealing with it. To keep
pieces can often look like broken glass
until the ICE has turned to gas. Users
this disease of "frozen feelings" in remis-
fragments.
often will have blisters or burns on the
sion, the client learns how to express
fingers used to cover the vent hole. Once
feelings and use communicationskils and
ICE is presently being sold in Honolulu in
the ICE has turned to smoke it is inhaled
problem solving tools, in place of using
quantities ranging from .10 gram to an
through the stem by the user.
drugs.
ounce. A .10 gram is $50.00, and an
ounce costs $700.00. A user may get
Slides of ICE are available in the PAYADA
Daily Support and Aftercare Program:
about 10 15 hits from 1 gram of ICE. ICE
office. Additional Information will be dis-
Daily support is advocated in the form of
is most often being found in small paper
tributed as It becomes available.
SENT BY:Republican Natl Comm ; 7-10-90 ; 9:14AM ;
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Page 11
PAYADA BOARD OF DIRECTORS
CHAIRMAN:
J. Randolph Ayre
Vice President, Legal
Bolse Cascade Corporation
BOARD MEMBERS:
Sandy Bickford
Jim Jones
Region Credit Manager
Idaho Attorney General
Timber & Wood,
Boise Cascade Corporation
Dirk Kempthorne
Mayor, City of Bolse
John T. Cowden
Manager of Administration
Jeffery K. Lebens
Legal Department,
Vice President & Chief Financial Officer
Boise Cascade Corporation
Intermountain Gas Co.
Ted Ellis
Scott Ludwig, Esq.
Chairman of the Board
Davison, Copple, Copple & Copple
Key Bank of Idaho
Mrs. James (Louise) McClure
Maurice Ellsworth, Esq.
U.S. Attorney
Velma Morrison
Dewayne Hammond
Tom Saldin
V.P. and Chief Financial Officer
Senior VIP. and General Council
Idaho Power Company
Albertson's
Scott M. Hayes
David Schrader
Executive Vice President &
General Manager
Chief Financial Officer,
Beneficial Life
Moore Financial Group
Steve Symms
Stanley E. Johnson
U.S. Senator
Managing Partner
Coopers & Lybrand
PAYADA MANAGEMENT
John Cowden
President of Management Committee
COMMITTEE:
Bea Broker
Secretary/Treasurer
Sandy Bickford
Keri Christian
Gary Dorazio
Joe Fillcetti
Mike Gearhard
Pat Gorman
Richard Hansen
Greg Hassakis
MaryAnn Hopkins
Ed McGuire
Minnie Inzer
Coordinator, Youth to Youth Program
PROGRAM DIRECTOR:
Jerry Lister
PAYADA, Inc. 377-6656
SENT BY:Republican Natl Comm ; 7-10-90 ; 9:15AM ;
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Page 2
Page 12
APPLICATION FOR PAYADA MEMBERSHIP
1 believe Idaho's Youth should be drug-free. I also believe the best way to achieve drug-free youth is
through Education of Parents, Children, Teachers and others.
Name
Address
City
State
Zip
Please enroll me In PAYADA as:
Executive Member.
:
$200.00
MAIL TO: Boise Police Department
Gold Member
$100.00
PAYADA, Inc.
: .
$ 50.00
P.O. Box 500
Sustaining Member...
Family Member.
$ 25.00
Boise, ID 83701
Individual Member...
$ 15.00
PHONE: 377-6656
4.
From:
BOISE
U.S. POSTAGE
PAYADA
P.O. Box 500
PRE-SCRTED
FIRST CLASS
MAR29'90
0.41 :
********
Bolse, ID 83701
HME1ER339787
ID
To:
John Cowden
One Jefferson Square
Boise, ID 83728
The American Legion
The American Legion National Commission on Children and Youth is
charged with formulating, recommending and implementing plans,
programs and activities designed to assure care and protection
for the children of veterans. The Commission works to improve
conditions for all children and youth with due concern for
maintaining the integrity of the family structure, preventing
social and physical ills of youth, utilizing services of and
cooperating with sound organizations and agencies for children
and maintaining a balanced program that provides for their
physical, emotional, intellectual and spiritual needs. Some of
the ways that the American Legion does this includes the
following:
1. Prepares effective drug education brochures: Cocaine -
Marijuana - Alcohol. Circulation of these pamphlets has more
than tripled in the past two years. The format design (more
pictures and less copy) for elementary age students-is the secret
to their popularity.
2. A Resource Brochure has several references and National
contacts where other material and assistance can be obtained.
3. Drug "Media Kits" are packed with aids to help their local
volunteers promote their program: Slides, a speech, editorials,
news releases and a how-to sheet to help local volunteers get
started.
4. The American Legion Child Welfare Foundation has funded
several grants lately to promote and emphasize early education
against the use and abuse of drugs. TARGET (the National
Federation of State High School Association's program) is just
one example. The Child Welfare Foundation has been of tremendous
service to TARGET over the past two years. Over $100,000 has
been awarded in grants to promote and support their efforts.
This has been a great anti-drug aid for educators.
5. The Foundation now has a special video offer going, which
features excellent educational kits designed to alert and educate
grades 6-11 about drug use. Drinking and Driving; Alcohol Abuse;
Cocaine; Crack; and Drug Abuse in general. The teaching kits
that: A Subject Video; Posters; a Teacher's Guide; a Post Test;
and 50 Educational Booklets.
6. The prime directive for the 8 national Leadership Workshops
this Fall will be a "How To" instructional class. Through this,
they hope to train their volunteers to set up similar programs in
their communities.
The American Legion drug program is strictly education and
prevention oriented. With 16,000 Legion Posts throughout the
country, they have an excellent network of volunteers to
disseminate anti-drug information.
MAYS
The National Italian American Foundation
The National Italian American Foundation is a non-member
organization based in Washington, DC. Their major function is to
operate as a networking body for some 2,000 Italian American
organizations around the nation and also for private and public
organizations that interact with the Italian American community.
On a national level the NIAF has not had an anti-drug campaign or
program. They have engaged in specific anti-drug efforts on an
ad hoc level. For instance, the NIAF Medical Council organized
several years ago a national conference centered on the theme of
the impact of drug addiction on the family structure. The major
audience for this session was medical professionals.
Additionally, the Education Director and Public Policy Director
have worked with local affiliates of the NIAF and with other
organizations as they were developing drug prevention programs.
There are also some 2,000 Italian American organizations around
the country that do have specific drug prevention projects. The
nature of these range widely. One project in Chicago organized
by the National Italian American Sports Hall of Fame uses
mechanical toys as a teaching mechanism for first and second
graders. Other projects have involved actual classroom visits,
one-on-one counselling, etc.
The NIAF has been designated by the Presidential Columbus
Commission as the lead agency and chair for an Italian American
Leadership Committee for 1992. They have approached the chair of
this committee with the concept that a national drug prevention
campaign would be a fitting theme to focus on in 1992.
The United States Jaycees have not sent any information on their
drug programs.
Benevolent and Protective
Order of Elks
The Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks (BPOE) is the
nation's oldest and largest fraternal group, with 1.5 million
members located in all 50 states. Since 1982 the BPOE has
encouraged each of its 2,300 lodges to set up drug awareness
programs in their local communities. The Elks National
Foundation supplies seed money, but local lodges determine the
needs of their communities and then raise money to help meet
those needs.
Lodges are instructed to fully support existing community
programs in drug-use prevention. If no program exists, the
lodge is to be a catalyst to assist that community in developing
an effective prevention/education effort. Last year the Elks
provided 203, 733 volunteer hours for their Drug Awareness
Program. Local Lodges Contributed $1,403,539 for the drug
program, and $5,860,859 for Youth Programs.
The BPOE drug program endeavors to reach children in the
elementary schools, particularly the fourth through ninth grades.
The program concentrates on the "gateway drugs" -- tobacco,
alcohol and marijuana -- and places special emphasis on cocaine.
The goal is prevention: to help youth decide not to use these
gateway drugs by convincing them of the adverse mental and
physical consequence of their use. The BPOE has joined the
parents' movement, raising over two million dollars each year to
pay for printing millions of pamphlets which are distributed at
no cost to interested students, teachers and parent-teacher
associations. These include:
o A colorful, eight-page brochure, aimed at the
fourth-through-ninth-grade reader, refuting the "dumb
excuses" that youngsters may give for experimenting
with drugs.
o Three pamphlets: "Marijuana- The Gateway Drug," "
"Cocaine-The White Line on The Highway to Addiction,"
and "Teenage Drinking: Detour on the Road to Maturity."
O The pocket card, "How Can I Tell If My Child Is
Using Drugs?"
The organization also sponsors poster or essay contests and
distributes bookcovers, bumper stickers, decals and videos with
anti-drug use messages.
The Elks provide many programs for young people as an alternative
to drug use. Some of these programs are scout troops, hobby
clubs, bands, teen centers, family activities, substance-free
parties and dances, and athletic teams. The Elks "Hoop Shoot"
program is an ideal adjunct to their Drug Awareness Program. The
"Hoop Shoot" reached over 3 million youngsters last year.
Kiwanis International
To mark its 75th anniversary, Kiwanis International has adopted
"Operation KNOW," a drug education program for elementary
schools, as its special anniversary project. Kiwanis
International has more than 8,500 clubs and 320,000 members in 74
nations. Through the sponsorship of local Kiwanis clubs,
Operation KNOW will be made available to elementary schools free
of cost, with the potential to reach millions of children.
Operation KNOW is based on the notion that elementary school
children are taught most effectively when the learning process is
fun and interactive. The program includes sing-alongs,
informational games, skits, and special events that get the
children highly involved. This is all designed to inspire
children to ask vital questions and discover the answers about
drugs and drug abuse.
The program is comprehensive, including "Know To Say NO!" kits
for each participating child and guidebooks for teachers,
principals, and parent-teacher groups.
In each community, half of the funding for Operation KNOW will be
provided by the Kiwanis International Foundation. The remainder
will come from the participating Kiwanis club and corporate
sponsorships. In 1989, Kiwanis Clubs raised and spent $65
million for community service activities.
Operation KNOW was conceived by a private company, Pacesetter
Steel Service, Inc., of Atlanta, Georgia in response to then
President Reagan's plea in September 1986 for business leaders to
become involved in the war on drugs. The CEO Steve Leebow and
his executives worked in their spare time, researching existing
drug education programs and methods being used in elementary
schools. From this research, they designed Operation KNOW and
began making presentations to elementary school students in the
Atlanta area. The programs popularity soon began to soar.
Kiwanis involvement in school-age drug education and prevention
began in 1969 when the organization launched "Operation Drug
Alert,' an award-winning program that reached several thousand
communities through local Kiwanis club participation. Since
1983, Kiwanis has supported the anti-drug efforts of former First
Lady Nancy Reagan with a major public awareness campaign. This
continuing Kiwanis initiative has included the largest public-
service billboard campaign in history, a series of 30-second
spots aired on all three television networks, and a unique 14-
week series of radio messages hosted by Mrs. Reagan that has been
broadcast by about 500 stations during each of the past five
years.
Lions Clubs International
The International Associations of Lions Clubs is a service
organization with more than 1.3 million members in 162 countries.
In 1982 Lions Clubs International determined that Lions Clubs
worldwide should be involved in helping solve the massive problem
of drug use.
In February 1983, the Lions hosted an international symposium on
drug abuse which was attended by experts in the field. They
recommended that prevention and education be the focus of the
Lions Drug Awareness Program. As a result of the symposium, the
International Board of Directors voted to make a five-year
commitment to an intensive drug education effort.
The Lions program stresses a commitment to the elimination of the
abuse of alcohol and other drugs at all levels of society. The
program emphasizes prevention and education, and focuses on the
critically important ages of 10-14 years. Lions throughout the
world are encouraged to tailor their activities to the specific
needs and character of the local community. The Lions Drug
Awareness Program is a two-pronged attack on the abuse of alcohol
and other drugs, featuring both short-term prevention/awareness
activities and a long-term, in-depth education program.
Lions Clubs engage in a variety of short-term activities designed
to raise the level of awareness, disseminate accurate, up-to-
date information, and encourage community involvement. These
activites include the following:
-sponsoring speech and essay contests
-forming parent groups
-distributing literature
-making presentations to schools or community groups
-sponsoring workshops and forums
The long-term, education initiative of the Lions program is
LIONS-QUEST SKILLS FOR ADOLESCENCE. This project is a joint
venture of Lions Clubs International and Quest International, a
leading developer of programs for youth. The program was
developed by 57 educators, researchers, psychologists and
curriculum experts.
The LIONS-QUEST SKILLS FOR ADOLESCENCE is a one-semester
curriculum for ages 10-14, designed to help young people develop
social skills in areas such as understanding feelings, resisting
peer pressure, strengthening family ties, making and keeping
friends, and making responsible decisions. The program includes
a curriculum guide, parent workshops and study materials, student
materials, and intensive teacher training.
By September 1988, more than 11,000 schools worldwide were
involved with the program, and 27,851 persons had been trained as
instructors. The program is now being taught all over the world.
Loyal Order of Moose
In November 1986, 49 coordinators were appointed to lay the
foundation for their international campaign against drugs. An
annual budget of $100,000 was earmarked by the Loyal Order of
Moose for the project. Lodge governors, under the guidance of
the coordinators, contacted high schools in their area,
requesting each principal to select two students excelling in
academics and athletics to represent the lodge at a Student
Congress held in January, 1987. 41 of these Student Congresses
were held, with 2,392 students participating.
The January 3rd meeting produced various proposals on how to deal
with the drug problem at the grade school level. Each Congress
selected two students to attend the International Student
Congress. 95 high school juniors and seniors attended this two
and a half day event, and they selected four among their peers to
attend the Symposium on Volunteerism sponsored by the Loyal Order
of Moose. These students were given the opportunity to
personally voice their recommendations to a member of the
President's staff at the White House.
Student Congresses have been sponsored by the Loyal Order of
Moose every year since 1987. The Congresses have included an
essay contest, a drug abuse logo contest which was open to all
grade school youngsters throughout the country, and a 30-second
public service radio announcement contest. At the last Student
Congress, one student was selected, by popular vote, to attend
the International Moose Convention, where the student took part
in a panel on Youth Drug and Alcohol Awareness.
All of the students attending Congresses in all the states have
formed a National Speakers Bureau for communicating with four to
nine year olds in their various communities. This is designed as
a peer-on-peer program without the presence of adults. The
sessions with the children are held wherever possible outside the
schoolroom atmosphere where the children can relax and not have
the usual authoritarian persons present.
National 4-H Council
4-H is the nation's largest and most successful youth development
program, with 640,000 volunteers reaching over 5.1 million youth
in 1989. 4-H is the youth education program of the Cooperative
Extension System, a national educational network established
through legislation, and working as partners with state land-
grant universities and the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
To deal with the drug problem and its underlying social problems,
the cooperative Extension System began the Youth at Risk
Initiative. The Extension systems's National Initiative on Youth
At Risk targets the social and economic implications of not
addressing the urgent needs of the next generation of Americans.
A goal is to expand Extension's outreach to more youth,
particularly those who are most vulnerable to drugs because of
poverty, lack of parental support, and negative peer pressure.
In mid-1988, a National Initiative task force was appointed to
outline the organization's Youth at Risk agenda (YAR). In the
Spring of 1989 the initiatives were promoted in four regional
workshops. The more than 300 attendees at these workshops
received a video, learning guides and a model program software
package for use in beginning YAR programming back home in their
respective states.
The focus of Extension's YAR programming is on prevention and
education programs rather than treatment. Plans call for the
Extension System to do the following:
O Develop and deliver programs for the most susceptible
youth.
O Provide leadership and employment skills training for
America's future leaders and workers.
O Train youth professionals and volunteers to work with
young people, families, neighborhoods, and the larger
community.
Since Extension's delivery network is anchored in local
communities, The System has proven experience in:
Working in and with school systems.
Recruiting, training and managing volunteers.
Developing and guiding youth peer groups.
Building Community Coalitions.
As it moves forward nationwide to implement youth at risk and
related programs, the Extension System is targeting Youth
development education, Parent Education, and Community Education.
The vision for the program is to develop youth potential --
enabling young people to become healthy, productive and
contributing adults, free from the scourge of drugs.
Rotary International
The Rotary International has over 7,000 local organizations with
400,000 members. The organization is active in the areas of drug
prevention and education.
Early in 1982 the Rotary International Board of Directors
recognized the increasing threat of illegal drug use. A policy
was soon adopted by the International Board that addressed this
problem. The Board recommended the following proposals:
1. Rotary Clubs are urged to investigate the extent of drug
related problems within their communities and to identify
resources available to them for combating such problems.
2. Recognized that effective drug abuse prevention activity
is dependent on cultural factors and the type of drug
availability and use in a particular locale, agrees that it
would be difficult, if not impossible, to recommend one or
two programs for use worldwide, but also recognizes the need
to provide information to clubs and districts to assist them
in identifying appropriate methods to address the problem in
their communities.
3. Agreed to disseminate information about the "model"
Rotary drug abuse prevention projects in appropriate
publications, including sources of additional information
from the Rotary Clubs or districts that have participated in
such projects, to Rotary clubs worldwide.
The Rotary International budget devoted to drug abuse prevention
is primarily centered in publications and news articles. This
includes a publication that is printed in several languages to
encourage Rotary Clubs to become involved in drug abuse
prevention programs, "Toward a Drug Free World."
Internationally, the amount of money expended for club drug abuse
prevention is several million dollars.
The member Rotary clubs have expended considerable sums of money
in promoting drug abuse prevention. The Rotary Club of Los
Angeles, for example, provided $300,000 to help initiate the
D.A.R.E. program that is now national in scope.
National Masonic Foundation
The National Masonic Foundation for Prevention of Drug and
Alcohol Abuse Among Children was established in May 1987. The
Foundation focuses on the area of drug prevention.
The principle program supported by the Foundation is State-by-
State establishment of Student Assistance Training Programs.
This is pursued through cooperative actions on the part of the
Foundation, Freemasons in each community, local community schools
and other concerned groups, and appropriate State government
agencies.
Student Assistance Training is directed at "core teams" from each
school who are taught, usually ten teams per training week, how
to identify at-risk or early-using youngsters, how to intervene
in the addictive cycle, and how to set up a policy support
network within the school and within the community.
The role of the national office is to work through and with the
3,000,000 United States Freemasons and their families who are
situated in all communities throughout the land. The Foundation
annual budget of $140,000 is to adminster the national office's
organization of and continuing support for Grand Lodge programs,
each of which is independent from one another but which
collectively spends hundreds of thousands of dollars, and that
rely on the support of scores of Masonic volunteers.
P
print
twops
KATIE JUL 17 '90 11:45 G.E. RICHARDS, INC. 0621
Jul 17,90 11:42 1202 P.01
To: Carol Blymin
Fax 202-456-6218
From: Katie True
Faft 717-898-7710
7-17-90
A4 to A4
P.02
JUL-17-90
TUE
9:29
Youth
F A A C C T
SHEET
MEETING THE NEEDS
Youth to Youth was founded in 1982 as a community drug prevention
OF PEER-PRESSURED
program for middle school and high school age youth in Columbus, Ohio.
TEENS:
The focus of its many programs is harnessing the powerful force of peer
pressure -- often turning It around to become a positive force that encour-
ages young people to live alcohol and drug-free lives.
At @ Youth to Youth conference, Nancy Reagan emphasized, "This is the
generation where drugs must stop. It's going to come through education,
message". and through knowledge. I think Youth to Youth portrays a very strong
YOUTH TO YOUTH
Since 1982, the Youth to Youth program has served as 8 model for
THE NATION'S
out the world.
hundreds of schools and communities across the United States and through-
MODEL PROGRAM:
and Bangladesh are examples of such communities.
California; Arkansas; New York; Idaho; Bermuda; Vicenza, Italy; Pakistan;
A 1988 National Institute on Drug Abuse survey reports 54% of America's
youth have tried an Illicit drug before graduating form high school.
Nearly all 1988 high school seniors 92% said they had used alcohol.
On the other hand, drug use has dropped to the lowest point in a decade,
a dramatic decrease of 37% in "current use" of illicit drugs by Americans aged
12 or older since 1985.
prevention efforts are as important as they have ever been.
While this is down from the peak in 1982, it still means that our drug
THE IMPORTANT
While several fine anti-drug efforts are currently in motion, Youth to Youth's
DIFFERENCES OF
emphasis makes it the national leader in effectiveness:
YOUTH TO YOUTH
A teen in the process of maturing needs definitive guidelines.
Youth to Youth's message is a clearcut "NO" to any drug use at any time.
help young people lead drug-free lives.
Youth to Youth programs capture the power of positive peer pressure to
Youth to Youth is uniquely teen centered. While parents and teachers are
welcome to participate in its' programs, Youth to Youth focuses on teens
choice drug free.
taking the responsibility to serve as support for their friends to make their
Youth to Youth focuses its' programs on the temptations that teens are
marijuana, and "crack".
most likely to face while they are growing up today; alcohol, tobacco,
Youth to Youth emphasizes the development of young leadership: teens
teach serve on the Advisory Board, teens are trained in public speaking, teens
and at conferences and workshops, teens write the national newsletter,
teens with adult guidance - plan and coordinate all special events.
TUE
9:29
JUL-17-90 Youth $ Youth
THE IMPORTANT
Youth to Youth programs Involve teenagers from many backgrounds, not
DIFFERENCES
limiting Its participants and leaders only to student body leaders.
(cont'd):
Youth to Youth is the national leader in teen drug use prevention, and
serves as a model program so that communities around the country and the
world can develop their own independent programs.
Youth to Youth goes beyond merely presenting information on the
dangers of drug use. Using the emotional involvement that comes from
working together in small groups, the program encourages personal growth,
presents techniques that teens can use to change their own environments,
suggests alternatives to drug use, and develops leadership.
Youth to Youth stresses prevention, based on the philosophy that the
costs of prevention-emotionally, physically, and financially-are far less than
treating addiction.
HOW MANY HAVE
Youth to Youth estimates that tens of thousands of young people have
never even tried alcohol or other drugs as a result of its' programs. More
BEEN HELPED BY
precise statistics are difficult to produce because prevention is much harder
YOUTH TO YOUTH:
to track than reported cases of drug addiction.
PROGRAMS OF
A series of national conferences throughout the year in various sites around
the U.S., including California, Georgia, Ohio, and Rhode Island.
YOUTH TO YOUTH:
On-site training and consultation in individual communities with a team of
adult and teen leaders.
The Positive Peer Connection newsletter, writen and produced by teens.
A successful local program model that includes training, Youth Advisory
Board, a speaker's bureau and fun activities.
Fun, educational, and promotional drug-free items for prevention programs.
The staff and operations of the Columbus, Ohio Youth to Youth program are
SOURCES OF
funded in part by the Franklin County Board of Alcohol and Drug Addiction and
FINANCIAL SUPPORT:
Mental Health Services and CompDrug. Conferences and workshops are de-
signed to be self-supporting.
Youth to Youth receives numerous grants and donations from many sources,
Including the United States Information Agency, Ronald McDonald Children's
Charities, the McKesson Foundation and the Nancy Reagan Drug Abuse Fund.
CONTACT:
Youth to Youth
700 Bryclen Road
Columbus, Ohio 43215
(614) 224-4506
P.04
JUL-17-90
TUE
9:30
Howard
Holmes
6-Reynoldsburg Reporter Wednesday. March 11. 1987
Jr. yay club
advisor in
Reynoldsburg.
rection
your rearn
water
TO
-CATH
FORTH
nychobe
Ender
$510
These Reynoldsburg Junior High School Youth
Tracy Chafin and Dana Sanders. In the back are
to Youth students recently raised enough money in
Travis Rogers, Heather Fulton, Eric Lyon, Doug
the Easter Seals drive to participate in the Easter
Brown, Jim Steinbugl, Jason Demkowiez. Gary
Seals Telethon by answering phones. From the left,
Meade and Dustin Mets. The group raised the third
front row are Sarah Issacs. Jannelle Woods, Jenny
highest total in the central Ohio area. Youth to
Riesen, Karen Morr, Kim McDorman, Craig Blank
Youth stresses drug prevention.
Youth to Youth students
third in Easter Seals drive
The Youth-to-Youth organiza-
Lyon (whose sister is currently at-
Fulton, Karen Morr. Janelle Wood,
tion at Reynoldsburg Junior High
tending the center) presented the
Craig Blank. Kim McDorman,
was ranked third in central Ohio
check from R.J.H.S. to Bill Weber
Tracy Chafin, Jenny Rieser and
for the school donating the most
on WCMH-TV4 during the tele-
Dana Sanders.
money to Easter Seals this year.
thon Sunday.
An all-night telethon party at the
The eighth and ninth grade stu-
The three schools raising the
U.S.A.-North skating rink were
dents collected $510.00 during the
most money answered phones for
also part of the festivities.
past month through various fund
the telethon on March 7 and 8.
The Youth-to-Youth organiz:
raisers. Several bake sales, a carna-
Students from R.J.H.S. designated
tion has grown throughout th
tion sale for Valentine's Day, and
the hours of 5-8 a.m. Sunday.
year and is known for its emphasi-
a student/faculty basketball game
Those students involved were
were included in the list of activ-
on drug prevention. Reynoldsburg
freshmen Jason Demkowicyz,
ities.
has one of the strongest chapters
Doug Brown. Dustin Mets. Eric
in central Ohio and remains active
Eighth-grader Tracy Chafin (who
Lyon, Gary Meade, and Jim Stein-
in its variety of drug-free activite:
attended the Easter Seals rehabil-
bugl. Eighth graders were Travis
and support of charitable organiza-
itation center) and freshman Eric
Rogers. Sarah Isaucs. Heather
tions.
happy to be here,"
she said with a smile.
MEMBERS OF THE BREG AND ENACHE FAMILIES
Y To Y: 'Positive Peer Pressure'
7
By P.K. PRASHAW
around, not 80 much These are the facts, learn the facts so you can stay
Since 1982, a special program has been helping adolescents and teens
away from drugs.' It's more of a positive, peer pressure support
fight the temptation to become drug or alcohol abusers.
group:
Youth to Youth, based in Columbus, Ohio, uses positive peer pressure
He added the majority of the kids who participate in the program
support groups as a drug prevention method.
have not been through, or needed, rehabilitation. "They're just kids who
The program not only focuses on youth counseling, It also uses youths
want to stay away from drugs and alcohol and want the opportunity to
to do the work. For college freshman Todd Carter, involvement on the
portray the value of that choice to others."
Youth to Youth staff for the past year-and one half has supplied In-
Members of Youth to Youth are characteristically outspoken, possess
numerable benefits.
positive attitudes, and have outgoing personalities. "You can't be
Carter explained the entire program Is run by youths, with adults ser-
camerà shy In Youth to Youth," Todd sald.
(N
ving only In a small capacity. Though some of the administrative work
Carter, who's home is located near Columbus, has spent many nights
is handled by adults, they are mainly involved in the program to supply
serving at the home office. Since starting college, however, he has not
guidance when needed.
been able to take part as often as he would like.
"A fot of the decisions and a lot of the work is left up to the teens,"
As a result of this loss, Carter jumped at an opportunity to share his
Carter sald. "That is, until the adults feel they need to intercede, and go
experiences and Information about the Youth to Youth program with
ahead and do 80."
area residents. Serving as a Youth to Youth representative, he will
According to Carter, Youth to Youth uses a different approach than
speak at tonight's Chemical People meeting to be held in the Massena
other drug rehabilitation-prevention programs. "The program centers
Library (Room A) beginning at 7:30 p.m.
"I am going to try to get the people of Mas ena to realize that this bat-
tlè we are fighting does not stamp out any community," Carter em-
phasized. "It goes everywhere, any time - 24-hours a day. It doesn't
cure what age you are, your sex, your religio
Statistics aren't Important to Carter. "I don't know the percentages of
people who take drugs, or what type of people smoke pot. How I feel
about myself and how I make others feel is more important.
Carter admits selflshness is part of the reason he serves in the Youth
to Youth program. "You don't always do It N r the participants you do
it for you," he sald. "I offered my assistance to the Chemical People (to
speak at the meeting) because I wanted to S: # myself I could do It.
"In the process of helping other people grow, you grow as well.
Because of Youth to Youth, someday I'm goin 5- to be what I want to be."
Carter has already taken steps loward ac omplishing this goal. "My
plans are to go through four. years of under; caduate (study) at Capital
(Univeralty in Ohio) and then another four years to get my doctorate
degree in clinical psychology." He hopes use this degree toward a
specialty In drug and alcohol counseling.
Carter Is excited about the opportunity to peak at the meeting. "This
will be my first time to do a presentation all by myself."
He hopes his speech will, at the very least. encourage parent involve-
ment toward potential drug or alcohol problems their children may
face.
SECTION 2
The Massena Observer
A PARK NEWSPAPER
News Desk 769-2453 Thursday, February 26, 1987 Page 11
YOUTH TO YOUTH REP TODD CARTER
REFLECTIONS
9:32
JUL-17-90 TUE
NeighborNews
000
ChéColumbus Dispatch
German Village
Obetz
Groveport
Four area students
South Columbus
will be honored
at White House
Wednesday May 13, 1987
Story on Page 6
Students to visit Reagans
Four Franklin County stu-
John Legg, who works with
dents, including one from Grove-
local Youth to Youth Executive
port Madison High School, will be
Director Robin Seymour, said
guests of President and Mrs. Rea-
Mrs. Reagan met some of the local
gan this weekend in Washington.
students when she attended the
The students, all members of
national Youth to Youth conven-
the Franklin County Youth to
tion at Denison University in July
Youth anti-substance abuse pro-
1985. She has been in touch with
gram, also will bring home a
them since then.
$50,000 check from the Nancy
Reagan Drug Abuse Fund to help
Legg said the local Youth to
launch a National Youth to Youth
Youth program was told grants
were available and was urged to
Speakers Bureau.
Joining the Reagans will be
apply for the speakers bureau
Travis Parker, Groveport Madi-
funding.
son; Julie Graham, Columbus AI-
The local students will join the
ternative; Lauren Leshnock, Bish-
Reagans at a celebrity tennis
op Watterson and Derek Dowdy,
tournament Saturday and discuss
Whitehall.
their drug-prevention efforts.
extration of Goorge Bush, 1989
Administration of George Bush, 1989 / Aug. 7
the promise of a stable nuclear balance that
southern Lebanon, was kidnaped on Febru-
refies increasingly on defense. It provides
You see, I started fishing at age 5 or so, in
that code is something simple: a desire to
ALL incontive for the Seviets to return to the
ary 17, 1988, and allegedly hanged by pro-
the cold waters along the Atlantic coast at
serve with honor, a sincere feeling for one's
Iranian terrorists on July 31, 1989.
perolisting table, and it will make any
Maine, using a lead jig with-[applause]-
fellow man and for one's country. Serving is
START (Strategic Arms Reduction Talks]
modest, but reasonably good delegation
not a lifelong chore to be carried out. As
treaty more effective. It represents a firm
there, I'd say; thank you very much-you
Chief Scout Citizen Teddy Roosevelt put it:
stap towards stability, the same goal we
Remarks at the Boy Scout National
know, fishing with one of these lead jigs
"The full performance of duty is not only
seek through modernization of our nuclear
Jamboree in Bowling Green, Virginia
with a little white cloth for bait, trolling
right in itself but also the source of the
arienal and arms control. This is the pro-
with one of those old green cotton lines.
August 7, 1989
profoundest satisfaction that can come in
gram that our country needs, and I will
And after awhile you get the hang of it,
life." In short, to serve and to serve well is
work to Non that this is the program that
Bill, thank you for that generous intro-
pulling in the fish-mackerel and maybe a
the highest fulfillment we can know. Bill
our country gots
duction, and to you and Ben Love, my sin-
flounder. But I became acquainted with the
Swisher, who gave so much time and com-
waters up there, and so well that now I
Just as critical to our nation's defense are
cere thanks for inviting us to this unbeliev-
mitment to this Jamboree-he certainly
the mon and women of this Department of
able gathering of Scouts from all across the
think I know every reef, when the swells
knows this. Around the country, Americans
will break and where they will, the sea con-
Defense, You are called upon to do a diffi-
country. If you will permit me a note of
like you are serving others in a thousand
ditions and where you can find the seals on
cult, often dangerous job, and you perform
regional pride, I understand that my home
ways, providing a thousand points of light
a given day.
your duty with great distinction. The histo-
State of Texas has a pretty good-size delega-
and doing a good turn daily.
And since the time I was your age, I've
by of this Department is nothing less than
tion over here. I saw that flag, and I wanted
I know that Boy Scouts have always
waded in a clean, clear river in Iceland next
the history of American bravery. Whether
to acknowledge it. Thank you, Curtis, for
helped out through times of disaster, from
to the Prime Minister of that land, catching
we call It the Department of War or the
the Pledge of Allegiance and, Calvin, for
fires to flash floods. The Boy Scouts were
my first salmon up there. I've pulled in bass
Department of Defense, this tradition of
that National Anthem. Once again, I salute
there when Franklin Delano Roosevelt ap-
in many, many of the States that are repre-
service to country lives on in each and
the colonel and the great Marine Band over
sented here today, fought dolphins and
pealed for help during the Great Depres-
every one of you.
here. You guys are lucky to have them.
kings and tarpon and bluefish in Florida on
sion, gathering almost 2 million articles of
And so, today, in commemorating the De-
They are outstanding, and thank you, Colo-
the high seas-the earlier ones. [Applause]
clothing, household furnishings, and food
partment of War, we also salute you and
nel Bourgeois.
Good sound system here. Thank you, Flori-
for the needy. And the Boy Scouts were a
every brave American who ever served in
I want to salute our Secretary of Trans-
da. And as you might have guessed then,
strong helping hand at home when older
the original War Department, in the U.S.
portation, Sam Skinner. We flew down
fishing, I guess, is my favorite source of re-
brothers fought a war in Europe. And today
Army, in your Air Force and Navy compa-
here. You saw us coming in on Marine One.
laxation. And it's with a rod and reel that I
the Boy Scouts have taken on a new strug-
triots and now, with you in the Department
And sitting with me on that plane was Sam
tend to count my blessings, especially if I'm
gle: to defeat what you call the five "unac-
of Defense. We also salute those who served
Skinner, our outstanding Secretary of Trans-
out there with one of our grandkids or with
ceptables"-illiteracy, unemployment, child
in the two great conflicts of this century,
portation; Andy Card, an Assistant to the
Barbara, the only woman on Earth who can
abuse, drug abuse, and hunger. In fact,
and those who served in Korea and in Viet-
President; Bob Gates, an Assistant to the
read and fish at the same time-[laugh-
fighting hunger alone, Scouts, Cub Scouts,
nam. And we cannot leave here today with-
President for National Security-all three of
ter]-and catch every word and every fish.
and Explorers rounded up-now get this—
out pausing to salute one who stands as a
them Eagle Scouts, so that tells you some-
But no matter where I fish today, I
65 million cans of food for local food banks,
symbol of the courage that burns in the
thing about how we feel.
always look back to the days when I trailed
the largest collection of food ever undertak-
breast of every American in uniform, one
The last Jamboree, I understand you had
that little piece of white cloth along the
en in the history of the United States of
marine who has been very much in our
an unwelcome visitor by the name of Bob-
shoreline. And there's a lesson here that I
America.
thoughts, Lieutenant Colonel Higgins, Wil-
Hurricane Bob. And Bill tells me you didn't
want to share with you. Whatever you love
And your focus, then, is right on target.
liam Richard Higgins.
have a camp-out; you had a damp-out. But
to do-whether it's hiking, hunting, kayak-
Today we can be grateful as a nation that
It is an inspiration to be here today
today I want credit as the guy that brought
ing-hang on to it. As you pursue success in
no depression or no war looms ahead of us.
you the cool air down here. I would like full
school-and if there is ever a group that
But this doesn't mean that the times we
among America's finest and to honor a
credit for that.
great Department and its great traditions.
epitomizes the pursuit of success, it's you-
live in are less demanding. The Boy Scouts
God bless you all, and God bless the United
But I'm told that this Jamboree has come
and later in your careers, don't forget to
of this 12th National Jamboree will face
States of America.
together marvelously-canoeing, kayak,
find time for the things you love to do. If
challenges unimagined by your parents.
swimming. You can race trail bikes and
you stay true to the hobbies of your youth,
Perhaps the greatest challenges of our
Note: The President spoke at 9:32 a.m. on
compete in archery. You can earn merit
you'll find a source of relaxation and replen-
times, I'm sorry to say, is one of the "unac-
Sommerall Field at Fort Myer in Arlington,
badges while you work your way down the
ishment that will never fail you.
ceptables": the continuing struggle to keep
VA. In his opening remarks, the President
Midway. And some of you undoubtedly, you
There are other things that you will learn
drugs out of our high schools-a form of
referred to Secretary of Defense Richard B.
wise ones, will be asked to organize snipe-
as a Scout that will serve you well through
pollution, a poisoning of the mind, a corrup-
Cheney; Deputy Secretary of Defense
hunting expeditions. [Laughter] And this all
your entire life. Your Scout Law commands
tion of the very soul of young America.
Donald J. Atwood; and Adm. William J.
sounds like a lot of fun, but there's one
you to be trustworthy, loyal, helpful, friend-
And we had some good news last week
Crowe, Jr., Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of
activity here that really tempts me to leave
ly, courteous, kind, obedient, cheerful,
about drug use in America. The number of
Staff. Lt. Col. William R. Higgins, USMC,
the White House behind and spend a few
thrifty, brave, clean, and reverent. What a
overall drug-users in the United States is
chief of the U.N. peacekeeping force in
days with you here at Fort A.P. Hill. And
mouthful. And that might sound like a lot to
down by almost 40 percent. And this is a
I'm talking about Fish Hook Lane.
remember, but it isn't. For at the core of
real tribute to those who have worked in
1218
Aug. 7 / Administration of George Bush, 1989
Administration of George Bush, 1989 / Aug. 7
the service organizations, the youth clubs,
since then, the world has become smaller,
autumn brought a bitter harvest of hard-
Proclamation 6006-National
and communities across this country. And
and so has the room for our imagination
ship. Their first winter brought tragedy. But
Neighborhood Crime Watch Day, 1989
it's especially a tribute to the Boy Scouts of
and daring-a narrowed space for the rest-
in the end, the generation of Captain John
America. But we cannot yet claim victory.
August 7, 1989
less spirit of freedom that is so much a part
Smith escaped the confines of the Old
The number of people addicted to cocaine
of our national priority and of our national
World and settled the New, a fresh frontier,
By the President of the United States
and crack has almost doubled. And we must
identity. But you and I know that there's a
a boundless promise called America.
work harder. And I'm especially looking to
of America
new frontier, a frontier without limits:
you to encourage friends to refuse drugs-
space.
And today, as before, some timid and
A Proclamation
any illegal drug. I don't want any young
chiding voices caution us against the
And once again, the Boy Scouts has
Communities across the United States
American starting down the path to cocaine
danger, the hardship, and the expense. Per-
played a leadership role in preparing a gen-
bear testimony to the great things Ameri-
and crack.
haps they should have seen Steven Spiel-
eration for space exploration. It's no coinci-
cans can accomplish through their own re-
Last week, a Wall Street Journal reporter
berg's extravaganza. Or perhaps they
dence that half of all astronauts were once
sourcefulness and the help of neighbors. In
wrote movingly of his son, a boy named
should listen to Ray Bradbury, a writer who
Scouts. Admiral Richard Truly, who ably
business, government, education, and social
Ryan. Ronald Shafer remembered his Ryan
once said that space will make children of
heads NASA, is an Eagle Scout. Gus Gris-
services, the ingenuity and hard work of
as an enthusiastic collector of baseball cards
us all. He meant that the strange beauty
som, an American hero who lost his life in
individual Americans have been both the
who could name every batting champion
and mystery of space will teach even the
back to the sixties-the kind of bright kid
the early space program, was a Scout.
foundation and the catalyst for progress.
for whom life was an open invitation to
David Scott, who operated that first lunar
most cynical and world-weary among us to
Individual private citizens represent a
rediscover the wonder of their first glimpse
rover, was a Scout. And Jim Lovell, another
particularly important force in our Nation's
succeed. But Ryan started using drugs and
lunar explorer, whom I'm told is with us
of the night sky. It is this sense of wonder
fight against crime. Last year, crime struck
alcohol at age 12, and soon became a
stranger to his parents and his classmates.
today. And I guess, Jim, if you're here, it's
and curiosity that draws you from the com-
one in four American households. While law
And by age 16, Ryan was dead. There are
true what they say: Once an Eagle Scout,
fort of home, comfort of television, to the
enforcement officials do all they can to ap-
always an Eagle Scout. And I doubt that
outdoors. And tonight, when you are lying
prehend and prosecute those who prey
thousands of Ryans across America, thou-
any of the Scouts who participated in the
around the campfire, surrounded by dark
upon innocent victims, the cooperation of
sands of young men and women who are in
1969 seventh Jamboree in Idaho will ever
forest, looking up at the stars of the night
law-abiding citizens is vital to their efforts.
danger of losing their future, their very
forget Eagle Scout-{applause}-go Boise-
sky, I want you to consider something. Per-
Today, more than 19 million Americans
lives, to this scourge called drugs.
will ever forget Eagle Scout Neil Arm-
haps you, or even your kids-or as hard as it
participate in neighborhood crime watch
The Boy Scouts of America has assumed a
strong, who made man's first step on the
is for you to imagine, your grandchildren-
programs. They remain vigilant against
leadership role in confronting this problem.
Moon and later sent his greetings to the
will one day look up at the night sky before
criminal activity in their neighborhoods and
You are teaching self-protection strategies
Jamboree from deep space.
going to sleep, and see the Earth as a faint,
report suspicious behavior to the police.
against drugs and other dangers, and you've
twinkling blue star.
They also keep special watch over elderly
circulated these strategies in direct lan-
The first spacefarers were unique, the
persons and others who might easily
guage in a very successful pamphlet called
lucky few. But your generation will have a
It is this spirit, a spirit of wonder, of dis-
become victims of theft or violence. These
"Drugs: A Deadly Game." And you've done
broader, greater opportunity to live in
covery, and adventure, that is surely draw-
Americans who look out for their neighbors
something else: You are leading the youth
space, to travel, to establish an outpost on
ing us to a new destiny on new and far
and make a personal commitment to help
by example.
the Moon, and explore the mysteries of
distant worlds. You are privileged to be the
fight crime serve as positive role models for
Mars. And this is the challenge of the next
generation that will witness the first large
For years, the Boy Scouts of America has
young people, thereby demonstrating not
century-your century, your challenge.
movement of men and women into space.
led our nation in taking the antidrug mes-
only respect for the law, but also active
Near the Jamboree area is a NASA exhibit
And as this happens, I know that the Boy
sage to every community. By actively en-
concern for the well-being of others. Par-
gaging in the lives of others, you are dem-
called Freedom Station, which includes a
Scouts of today will be in the lead. Thank
ticipants in crime watch programs affirm
onstrating a central theme, a central idea of
display of our nation's first permanently
you for inviting me to your Jamboree. God
that, as communities, we must not and will
this administration: that from now on in
manned space station in the next decade.
bless you, God bless the Boy Scouts of
not tolerate contempt for civil order and
America, any definition of a successful life
And nearby are also large-scale models of
America, and God bless the United States of
disregard for the rights of innocent people.
must include serving others. Now I want to
the space shuttle and other spacecraft. This
America. Thank you all.
On August 8, 1989, millions of Americans
challenge you to take the final steps. Ask
is America's space fleet, and its mission is
will join their neighbors in "National Night
yourself if you know someone like Ryan
gradually changing from exploration to set-
Out," an evening sponsored each year by
Note: The President spoke at 10:44 a.m. at
Shafer. And if so, have you done everything
tlement. When we aim for the stars, it will
the National Association of Town Watch.
Fort A.P. Hill. In his remarks, he referred to
that you possibly can to help him or her?
be to stay.
This event provides citizens an opportunity
G. William Swisher, Jr., chairman of the
to demonstrate the importance and effec-
And there are other, more positive chal-
And this brings to mind a small coinci-
National Jamboree; Ben H. Love, chief
tiveness of community participation in
lenges facing your generation. When the
dence. Just a few miles away, along the
Scout executive of the Boy Scouts of Amer-
crime prevention efforts. During the "Na-
first Boy Scouts chapter was formed, Ameri-
Tidewater coast of Virginia, the first Eng-
ica; former Scout Curtis Hawkins; entertain-
tional Night Out," families spend the period
cans had just tamed the farthest reaches of
lishmen arrived in the New World-also not
er Calvin Grant; and Col. John R. Bour-
between 8:00 p.m. and 10:00 p.m. on the
the West. There were only a few remote
just to explore but to stay. Those early colo-
geois, USMC, Director of the U.S. Marine
porches, steps, or lawns of their homes as a
places in the world unseen by man. And
nists faced a terrible struggle. Their first
Corps Band.
notice to criminals that their communities
Administration of George Bush, 1989 / June 19
and
freedom,
House. Bob Michel, our able Leader in the
To win, we must also recruit the very
hs
of
House, is outgunned, outmanned. So, let's
this
best men and women to represent our
admin-
help him by picking up more seats in the
party as candidates and as officeholders.
must
work
to-
lready
House of Representatives.
the
And so, these are my strategies for victo-
long-
our
history,
Strong state parties can help us win back
ry, but strategies are useless without a great
to
at
work,
the U.S. Senate, one of our most critical
purpose. And we have such a purpose: to
on
the
abuse
goals. And I salute our leader, Bob Dole.
build a better America for today and for the
on
every
of
children-it's
What a job he is doing as Republican leader
new century ahead. And we've shed a lot of
most-to
in the Senate. But he needs more troops.
blood, sweat, tears to rebuild the Republi-
return
He needs some help over there. So, let's
can Party since the early seventies. The
win back the Senate. Let us again make it a
schools
best way to keep our party growing is to
our
so
Republican Senate, and that will be good
win more elections in 1990 from the court-
again
the
for the United States of America.
an
kid.
And
house to the statehouse to Capitol Hill. And
to
will
In the next election, we have a good shot
with your help, let's prove to the Demo-
require
at making big gains. And of course, the
crats that the successes of the 1980's are not
program
or
an-
ublicans
believe
party that controls the White House is often
a fluke, that they in fact spell the beginning
expected to do poorly in midterm elections.
of the end of Democratic dominance in the
involvement
of
achers
and
busi-
But there are no ironclad rules in politics.
United States Congress.
and
After all, if there were, I would never have
churches,
Thank you all, each and every one of you,
this
is
what
become the only living member of the
for your unbelievable contribution to these
we
of
Light.
Martin Van Buren Society.
As
goals. Thank you. Barbara and I send you
government
With your support and leadership, the
our best wishes. Good night, and God bless
is,
close
leadership of so many great Republicans-I
each and every one of you, and God bless
come
to
don't want to embarrass him, but in his
the United States of America. Thank you
a
work tonight and the support he's given me
very, very much.
major
ini-
people to
and so many other elected officials in this
now
the
room, men like Carl Lindner of Ohio, who
Note: The President spoke at 9:45 p.m. in
on,
America must
has done a superb job here-we can again
Hall A at the Washington Convention
as
you
know,
defy the precedence; we can again make
Center. In his remarks, he referred to
depends to a
history. In order to win, we must work to-
weatherman Willard Scott, who led the
ere tonight-on
gether as a team, not as an association of
Pledge of Allegiance, and television host
We
acronyms-the RNC or the NRCC or the
Mary Hart, who sang the national anthem.
must
an people, pre-
RGA or the NRSC. These are top-notch,
The President also referred to the Republi-
block.
And
I
well-managed organizations staffed by the
can National Committee (RNC), the Nation-
that our party
best people in politics today. But our Re-
al Republican Congressional Caucus
the House as
publican Party must be greater than the
(NRCC), the Republican Governors Associa-
State
legisla-
sum of its parts. We must be inspired by a
tion (RGA), and the National Republican
common purpose. We must bring opportu-
Senatorial Committee (NRSC). These re-
ve a redistrict-
nity to new constituencies and campaign in
marks were not received in time for inclu-
their neighborhoods, in the inner cities, the
sion in last week's issue.
compose about
barrios once considered to be the exclusive
Congress. And
domain of the opposition. And I salute our
must
make
solid
Secretary of Housing and Urban Develop-
gubernato-
ment for taking this message right into the
eight largest
Remarks to Students and Educators at
inner city, Jack Kemp.
whether Repub-
the Drug-Free Schools Recognition
in
the
drafting
And our party chairman, Lee Atwater,
Ceremony
From Spring-
who's doing a great job. And he's been a
June 19, 1989
to Albany,
strong voice and a correct voice, arguing
ir competition.
that we Republicans need to reach to mi-
Thank you, Secretary Cavazos. Mr. Vice
minority of Re-
norities and the disadvantaged. And these
President, students, parents, teachers, and
can join with
groups can benefit the most from our phi-
friends, welcome to the White House, the
the veto of
losophy, which simply maximizes opportuni-
steamy Rose Garden. [Laughter] We're de-
ty and rewards initiative. And that is a mes-
schemes,
lighted you're here. I thought long and
in the U.S.
sage I believe in, and it's a message that we
hard about what to say today, how to talk
as a party must be prepared to act upon.
about the importance of drug education
929
June 19 / Administration of George Bush, 1989
and prevention, and of how we can save
ransacking it, breaking into the safe where
our schools and our children from drugs.
the school's money is kept. But they left the
And then I read the judges' reports about
money on her desk as a warning, as a mes-
this year's Drug-Free Schools Award win-
sage to the school to stop its activities. But
ners, and these reports were simply incredi-
St. John's has not stopped. And just last
ble. So, today I'd like to just tell some
week, during graduation practice, the brave
American stories, stories about drug-free
nuns stood between the drug dealers and
schools and, really, some American heroes.
the children to protect them as they
Let's start with Spingarn High School,
marched to the church. Sister Raeihle says:
right here in Washington, DC. Spingarn is
"We're very proud of the children. Even
in one of Washington's worst drug areas-a
the little ones know what it's all about,
tough area-and one teacher said, "Five
which is a shame: We have good will and
years ago, teachers were afraid to go out in
kids with a lot of hope. It's so hard for
the hall between classes. There's no fear
them, and they have so much hope." God
here now." One man, a teacher named
bless you, Sister, and God bless the chil-
Frank Parks, saw the drug dealers in the
dren.
hallways, the expensive clothes; he smelled
Roosevelt Vocational School, from Lake
the marijuana in the bathrooms and the
Wales, Florida-local police say this school
locker rooms. So, he started Operation
is "sitting in the middle of a drug supermar-
SAND, Student Activities, Not Drugs, and
ket." The students there are "high risk" for
recruited popular athletes as peer counsel-
drug use, many with difficult disabilities.
ors. And he set up these "Rap Rooms" for
kids to confidentially talk about the drug
And yet some ride 2 and 3 hours to get to
Roosevelt. Let me tell you why.
problems. And he founded a program that
worked. He found. answers. And he's here
Less than 10 years ago, only 10 percent
today, and despite the fact that his office
of Roosevelt's graduates got and held jobs.
was bombed a year ago. And I'm told he
But students soon realized that in order to
and his wife are available 24 hours a day for
get the jobs they'd been trained for, they
the kids, as they have been for years. And I
had to be drug free. So, they looked to the
hope that the students will be lucky enough
Kennedy Space Center which you can see
to have him for years to come. Mr. Parks,
from the school windows, and adopted the
thank you, and congratulations.
motto, Aiming for the Highest. And they
And next, let me tell you about St. John
kicked drugs out of the school, stopped feel-
the Baptist School in Brooklyn, New York.
ing sorry for themselves, turned their atten-
Here's what one of the judges who visited
tion to others who needed help, adopting a
the school wrote: "This school is a total
local family whose father has Lou Gehrig's
drug-free oasis in a sea of crack dealers.
disease and raising thousands of dollars to
This crusade to be a beacon of hope in a
help them make ends meet. And now 75
neighborhood of burned-out buildings and
percent of the students are employed after
frequent killings is taken with serious risk.
graduation. And they aimed for the highest
The school is almost the last liferaft avail-
and made it. And they're here today, too.
able to families whose neighborhood peace
In fact, I heard a story about the princi-
and quiet has been overturned by the vio-
pal, Harold Maready, who made a bet with
lence of alcohol and drugs. And if this
the students during Red Ribbon Week,
school is not a model of a drug-free school,
when students who are drug free wear red
then no such model exists."
ribbons and clothes. He bet them that if at
But keeping their school drug free was
least half the school wore red-that is, were
not enough for the St. John's students.
drug free-he'd paint his bald head with
They've asked Mayor Koch to deliver the
the words, Just Say No. Well, 225 out of 295
neighborhood a drug-free community-to
showed up in red-[laughter]-and guess
declare it a drug-free community, telling
what happened? I wore this red ribbon
him about the crack houses and of the
today and this red tie because I think Mr.
horror and despair they see during breaks.
Maready had a great idea, and I'm looking
Drug dealers recently broke into the office
for Marlin Fitzwater [the President's Press
of Sister Mary Jane Raeihle, the principal,
Secretary] here somewhere. [Laughter]
930
Administration of George Bush, 1989 / June 19
the safe where
Finally, a story from out West. Live Oak,
And now I'd like to welcome the students
But they left the
California, is a small town that started as a
that are here from each school and join the
warning, as a mes-
railroad stop serving ranchers. The resi-
Vice President and Secretary Cavazos in
its
activities.
But
dents fill only five pages of the phone book.
presenting these awards, or at least shaking
And just last
One traffic light. No hospital. No jail. Just a
hands before you get to the main event-
practice, the brave
drugstore, a few restaurants, a post office. A
the award from our great Secretary of Edu-
drug dealers and
quiet, small town? No, not at all. Drugs ar-
cation. Thank you very much.
them as they
rived over the border, brought by transient
Sister Raeihle says:
workers. This county is now one of Califor-
Note: The President spoke at 10:04 a.m. in
the children. Even
nia's major producers of methampheta-
the Rose Garden at the White House.
what it's all about,
mines and a major contact area for drugs
have good will and
arriving from Mexico. The drugs got into
It's
so
hard
for
the school and things went downhill fast.
much hope." God
And during the last 4 years, however, this
God bless the chil-
school developed a drug-free education pro-
Message to the Senate Transmitting the
gram that is gradually influencing the face
United Nations Convention Against
School, from Lake
of the entire community. Students, parents,
Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and
say this school
business leaders, and teachers came togeth-
Psychotropic Substances
of a drug supermar-
er and changed it from what we used to
June 19, 1989
are "high risk" for
call the three R's to the four R's: respect,
difficult disabilities.
responsibility, recognition, and recreation.
To the Senate of the United States:
3 hours to get to
And what made the difference was a tem-
With a view to receiving the advice and
consent of the Senate to ratification, I trans-
why.
porary principal, Mrs. Paulla McIntire, as-
mit herewith the United Nations Conven-
only 10 percent
signed to the school for 4 months in 1985.
tion Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs
got and held jobs.
Temporary-she's still there. [Laughter]
and Psychotropic Substances, done at
that
in
order
to
And one judge called her "the visionary
Vienna on December 20, 1988. I also trans-
trained for, they
dynamo behind the progress" at one of the
mit, for the information of the Senate, the
they looked to the
most overwhelmed and understaffed
report of the Department of State with re-
which you can see
schools around. She and a teacher, Michael
spect to the Convention.
and adopted the
Dahl; beat the odds by "vision, no-nonsense
The production, trafficking, and con-
Highest. And they
leadership, compassion, and professional ex-
sumption of illicit narcotics have become a
school, stopped feel-
pertise." Mrs. McIntire and Mr. Dahl, thank
worldwide menace of unprecedented pro-
turned
their
atten-
you for making the trip today, all this way,
portions. Narcotics trafficking and abuse
help, adopting a
and thank you for a job so well done.
threaten the developing and industrialized
has Lou Gehrig's
As I look around here today, I see some
nations alike, eroding fragile economies, en-
usands
of
dollars
to
of the top commandos in the war on drugs:
dangering democratic institutions, and af-
meet.
And
now
75
our teachers, principals, community leaders,
fecting the health and well-being of people
are employed after
parents, and students. You're the ones win-
everywhere. The profits made from the
for the highest
ning this war because you are the ones
international drug trade are consolidated in
here today, too.
looking to tomorrow. You're the ones who
the hands of powerful drug lords who oper-
about the princi-
know that it takes a clear mind to get a
ate with impunity outside the law. The
no
made
a
bet
with
good education and lead a productive life.
widespread corruption, violence, and
Ribbon Week,
You understand that students have a right
human destruction associated with the drug
drug free wear red
to learn in drug-free schools. And I know
problem imperil all nations and can only be
bet them that if at
that school's out for the summer, but there's
suppressed if all nations cooperate effective-
red-that is, were
one last lesson all America can learn from
ly in bringing to justice those who engage
bald
head
with
the courage and commitment and, yes, the
in illicit trafficking and abuse.
Well, 225 out of 295
downright stubbornness of each of these
Patterned after many existing U.S. laws
ughter]-and guess
heroes here today who never gave up:
and procedures, the present Convention
this
red
ribbon
Every school in this country can win; every
represents a significant step forward in
because I think Mr.
school in this country can be safe and drug
international efforts to control the illicit
free.
and I'm looking
traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic
President's Press
Thank you, and God bless you all, and
substances. The Convention obligates states
ere.
[Laughter]
congratulations.
party to the agreement to cooperate in sup-
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