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Issues - Drugs 1990 [OA 8749]
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Records of the White House Office of Speechwriting (George H. W. Bush Administration)
Mark Davis Subject Files
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Originally Processed With FOIA(s):
foia Number:
S
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
Library Staff.
Record Group/Collection:
George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
Collection/Office of Origin:
Speechwriting, White House Office of
Series:
Davis, Mark, Files
Subseries:
Subject File, 1989-1991
OA/ID Number:
13872
Folder ID Number:
13872-003
Folder Title:
Issues-Drugs, 1990
Stack:
Row:
Section:
Shelf:
Position:
G
19
2
6
5
WHY WE ARE WINNING THE WAR AGAINST DRUGS
Effective National Strategy
Strong Leadership
Changing Attitudes
Empowered Public
AMERICANS READY TO FIGHT
10% Involved in Anti-Drug Community Serivce
60% Would Volunteer 5 Hours/Week
53% Would Donate $100
70% OF DRUG USERS
ARE EMPLOYED
10 million is Unkpled people ming drug
us you't Delhish School Survey
COCAINE USE VS. AVAILABILITY/PERCEPTION OF RISK
30%
60 %
Availability
A
50
V
A
I
20
40
L
USE COU4-ZE
A
B
I
30
L
I
T
10
20
Y
/
R
I
10
S
K
0
0
'75 '76 '77 '78 '79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89
Availability: % saying fairly
easy or very easy to get
COCAINE USE VS. AVAILABILITY/PERCEPTION OF RISK
30%
60 %
Availability
A
50
V
A
I
20
40
L
USE COUN-ZE
A
B
I
Risk
30
L
I
T
10
Y
20
/
R
I
10
S
K
0
0
'75
'76
'77
'78
'79
'80
'81
'82
'83
'84
'85
'86
'87
'88
'89
Risk: % saying great risk of
Availability: % saying fairly
harm in using once or twice
easy or very easy to get
COCAINE USE VS. AVAILABILITY/PERCEPTION OF RISK
30%
60 %
Availability
A
50 V
A
I
20
40
L
USE COUA-ZE
A
B
I
Risk
30
L
I
T
10
Y
20
/
Cocaine Use
R
I
10
S
K
DFA Ads Begin
0
0
'75
'76
'77
'78
'79
'80
'81
'82
'83
'84
'85
'86
'87
'88
'89
Use: % using once or
Risk: % saying great risk of
Availability: % saying fairly
more in past 12 months
harm in using once or twice
easy or very easy to get
JUL 05 '90 13:38 DRUG FREE AMERICA
P.2/3
PARTNERSHIP FOR A DRUG-FREE AMERICA
out
RICHARD D. BONNETTE
Executive Vice President
June 29, 1990
David Demmarest, Jr.
Assistant to the President for Communications
old Executive Office Building
Washington, D.C. 20500
Dear Dave:
In our recent Inter-Agency Task Force meeting you asked
whether we viewed another national address by President Bush
on the drug issue to be tactically advantageous. On behalf
of the Partnership, I expressed a positive point of view
which I will expand upon here.
We think it is essential that Presidential leadership
remain active and visible in reaffirmation of the high
priority placed on the drug issue. Quite clearly, it remains
the issue. number one concern with the public far beyond any other
There is encouraging evidence on many fronts that a
cultural shift is underway in our society and it centers
around a growing intolerance towards the use of illegal
drugs. Contributing importantly to this significant social
change is an increasing level of volunteerism by the media,
at the community level, and in the corporate world.
Moreover, most recently, we have had positive
discussions with leaders in the entertainment community who
appear poised and ready to join the Partnership in a
coordinated effort to deglamorize drugs in TV programming,
movies and the music segment of the industry.
Recognizing that the drug issue will remain politically
charged, especially in terms of the amount of funding
allocated to it and the proportion devoted to education and
treatment, it will be important to demonstrate that positive
results are being achieved in terms of improved attitude
shifts and usage declines due to educational/ prevention
demand reduction efforts.
666 THIRD AVENUE
NEW YORK. NY 10017
(212) 922-1560
FAX: (212) 922-1570
JUL 05 '90 13:39 DRUG FREE AMERICA
P.3/3
Mr. Demmarest, Jr.
Page 2
The national attitude/usage research we conduct annually
is being analyzed now and early indications are that we will
be seeing very favorable results especially among pre-teens
(9-12 years old) and teens. These data will be particularly
relevant to a potential Presidential address to the nation.
The data also suggest strongly that there is a
mobilization of America underway. Presidential leadership is
critical to sustaining this momentum.
Sincerely,
Dien
Richard D. Bonnette
Executive Vice President
Director External Affairs
RB/sdw
CC: James E. Burke
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
Document No.
Subject/Title of Document
Date
Restriction
Class.
and Type
01. Letter
Brandi Conley to POTUS, re: Drug Policy/ War on Drugs;
n.d.
P-6, (b)(6)
contains personal information. (3 pp.)
Collection:
Record Group:
Bush Presidential Records
Office:
Speechwriting, White House Office of
Series:
Davis, Mark William
Subseries:
Subject File
WHORM Cat.:
File Location:
Issues - Drugs 1990
Date Closed:
12/13/2004
OA/ID Number:
08749
FOIA/SYS Case #:
Re-review Case #:
2005-0481-S
P-2/P-5 Review Case #:
MR Case #:
Appeal Case #:
MR Disposition:
Appeal Disposition:
Disposition Date:
Disposition Date:
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
(b)(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
(b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
(b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
(b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
(b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
(b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of
(b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
(b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
SENT BY:Xerox Telecopier 7021 ; 5-16-90 ; 1:03PM ;
2024566218:# 2
OFFICE OF NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL POLICY
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
Washington, D.C. 20500
May 14, 1990
MEMO
TO:
stephanie Blessy
Speechwriting
FROM:
Daniel Casse Dac
ONDCP
SUBJECT: The Administration's legislative package on drugs
Attached is fact sheet on the legislation proposed by the
Adminstration to implement its 1990 National Drug control
strategy. Please call me if you have any further questions.
SENT BY:Xerox Telecopier 7021 ; 5-16-90 ; 1:04PM ;
2024566218:# 3
OFFICE OF NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL POLICY
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
Washington. D.C. 20500
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION ACT OF 1990
FACT SHEET
I.
Accountability
A.
Drug Testing
Requires States to establish a drug testing policy in
their Criminal Justice Systems as a condition of
receiving Federal BJA grants. (Originally submitted
following Strategy I.)
Establishes a nationwide program of drug testing for
Federal offenders on post-conviction release.
B.
Statewide Treatment Plans
Requires States to develop a Statewide Treatment Plan
as a condition of receiving the drug portion of Federal
ADAMHA grants. The Plan must describe ways to expand
capacity, assess need, improve client referrals,
provide in-service staff training, coordinate with
other services, and expand and improve services for
pregnant women and drug-affected newborns. It must
also include a drug testing component. (Originally
submitted following Strategy I.)
C.
Maintenance of Effort
Prohibits States receiving Federal ADAMHA grants from
reducing their own expenditures for drug-related
activities. States must continue to spend an amount at
least equal to the average of such expenditures for the
preceding two years. The Secretary of HHS may waive
this requirement.
II. Death Penalty for Drug Kingpins
Allows for the sanction of death for major drug kingpins,
for drug kingpins who attempt a killing to obstruct an
investigation or prosecution of a drug offense, and for
traffickers who engage in a federal drug felony that results
in a death.
SENT BY:Xerox Telecopier 7021 ; 5-16-90 ; 1:04PM ;
2024566218:# 4
III. International Programs
Provides certain waivers to facilitate the provision of
assistance critical to the implementation of the Andean
Initiative. (Some of these were originally submitted
following Strategy I.)
Provides the Secretary of State the discretion to order the
extradition of a U.S. citizen to a foreign country even if
the terms of the applicable treaty do not obligate the U.S
to extradite.
IV. Criminal Justice System Improvements
A.
Immigration System Improvements
Provides INS agents and officers authority to make
arrests for non-immigration offenses committed in their
presence. Expedites the procedures to exclude or
deport criminal aliens and restricts the appeal rights
of such individuals.
B.
Protection of Judges, Jurors and Witnesses
Provides for stronger penalties for obstruction of
justice offenses against court officers and jurors.
Penalties would be similar to those that exist for
obstruction of justice offenses against witnesses,
victims and informants.
C.
Drug-Related Public Corruption
Makes drug-related public corruption punishable by up
to 25 years imprisonment.
D.
Drug Paraphernalia
Allows for forfeiture of assets for violations of the
drug paraphernalia statute and adds civil penalties for
such activity.
E.
Sanctions for Failure to Land/Bring To
Makes it a criminal offense to fail to obey the order
of an authorized Federal law enforcement officer to
land an aircraft or bring-to a vessel, provides for
revocation of operator's licenses, and provides Coast
Guard with specific authority to engage in air
interdiction over the high seas and waters over which
the U.S. has jurisdiction.
SENT BY:Xerox Telecopier 7021 ; 5-16-90 ; 1:05PM ;
2024566218;# 5
F.
Asset Forfeiture and Money Laundering Amendments
Provides for quarterly transfer of funds from the DOJ
Forfeiture Fund to ONDCP's Forfeiture Fund, allows for
forfeiture of vehicles with concealed compartments, and
makes several conforming amendments.
G.
Technical Amendments
Includes money laundering, grand jury access to
records, and ONDCP transfer authority.
May 1990
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
September 5, 1989
TALKING POINTS
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY
On September 5, President Bush announced the
Administration's National Drug Control strategy.
Comprehensive Strategy: This is the first such national
strategy to end the evil of drug use and drug trafficking, a
fully integrated approach that is an assault on every front.
The President's strategy addresses all the elements
necessary to an effective strategy: school and drug
prevention programs, our treatment system, our laws and
criminal justice system, and our foreign policy.
Coordinated Approach: Jurisdictional and "turf" problems
have slowed past anti-drug efforts. Therefore, President
Bush has emphasized the need for a coordinated national
effort. This means federal, state and local levels must
work together. At the federal level, with the leadership of
the Director of National Drug Control Policy, William
Bennett, strong interagency cooperation has already
resulted.
Bipartisan Consensus: Americans agree that the gravest
domestic threat facing the country today is drugs. The
President is looking to the leadership in Congress for
bipartisan support in the implementation of his strategy,
and is looking to the grass-roots support of America's
communities in the fight against drugs.
Call to Action: President Bush is issuing an urgent call to
action to all Americans to support this national strategy.
He challenges every citizen to make a personal commitment to
help in the fight against drug abuse.
The evidence suggests that the drug problem is a grave threat:
Good and Bad News: The National Institute on Drug Abuse's
recently released national survey of drug use (the first
since 1985) indicates that number of Americans using any
illegal drug on a "current" basis has dropped 37 percent.
That means that almost nine million Americans have given up
"casual" drug use. Among the more than eight million people
who used cocaine at all in the past year, almost one million
of them used it once a week or more. so while overall
cocaine use is down, habitual cocaine use has almost
doubled.
2
Crime: Fear of drugs and attendant crime are at an all-time
high. Rates of drug-related homicide continue to rise --
sometimes alarmingly -- in cities around the country.
Health: The number of drug-related emergency hospital
admissions increased by 121 percent between 1985 and 1988,
and hundreds of thousands of babies are born each year to
mothers who use drugs.
The Economy: A U.S. Chamber of Commerce estimate puts annual
gross drug sales at $100 billion -- more than our total
gross agricultural income, and more than double the profits
enjoyed by the Fortune 500 companies combined.
Overseas: In many foreign nations, the drug trade and the
violence and corruption that go with it are causing serious
social, economic, and political disruption. Trafficking
threatens stability and democratic institutions.
The National Drug Control Strategy:
Enforcement: The Administration's enforcement strategy is
based upon this principle: If you sell drugs, you will be
caught; when caught you will be prosecuted; and if
convicted, you will do time.
:
The criminal justice system will be enlarged across the
board, at the local, state and federal levels.
--
The Administration is requesting a $1.4 billion
increase in drug-related federal spending on law
enforcement, including a 133 percent increase -- or
$200 million -- in federal assistance to state and
local law enforcement.
--
President Bush is seeking $50 million through the
Department of Housing and Urban Development to restore
order in hard-hit public housing projects by kicking
dealers out for good.
International Interdiction: The international drug trade
poses a serious threat to the welfare, economy and national
security of the United States.
--
$1.5 billion dollars will be requested for interdiction
efforts, especially for continued support of our Coast
Guard and Customs agents to stop drugs at our borders.
$260 million in military and law enforcement assistance
for next year will be sought for Colombia, Bolivia and
Peru, the first part of a five-year, $2 billion program
to fight drug producers, traffickers and smugglers.
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
Embargoed For Release Until 9:00 P.M. EDT
September 5, 1989
FACT SHEET
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY
The National Drug Control Strategy describes a coordinated and
comprehensive plan of attack involving all basic anti-drug
initiatives and agencies. The Strategy recommends the largest
dollar increase in the history of the drug war -- nearly $2.2
billion, 39 percent above the Fiscal 1989 level. Throughout, the
Strategy emphasizes the principle of user accountability -- in
law enforcement efforts focused on individual users; in decisions
regarding sentencing and parole; in school, college, and
university policies regarding the use of drugs by students and
employees; in the workplace; and in treatment.
The Strategy also calls for increased efforts in cocaine source
countries and a more active international campaign by the United
States to engage other nations in the fight against drugs.
Interdiction efforts will be better targeted on key individuals
in the drug organizations and on high-value shipments.
Another major priority is increasing the capacity of the drug
treatment system and making it more accountable for results.
Significant emphasis is also given to providing increased support
for prevention and education efforts aimed at helping young
people and others resist and reject drugs.
The Strategy embodies the following elements:
Expand the criminal justice system
o
Provide funds for larger police forces, and increased
numbers of jails, prosecutors, and courts.
Develop alternatives for incarceration such as boot
camps to free up jail and prison space.
Require arrestees. drug testing of prisoners, parolees, and
Page 2
Hold users, whether casual or heavy users, accountable for their
actions
Undertake a vigorous program to eradicate domestically-grown
marijuana
Mobilize communities in the war on drugs
O
Emphasize community-level prevention of drug use before
it starts.
O
Require schools and colleges to implement firm drug-
free policies in order to receive Federal funds.
O
Clean up and secure public housing.
Expand drug-free workplace policies
O
Promote drug-free workplace policies in the private
sector.
O
Recommend testing for job applicants and employers in
safety and sensitive positions.
O
Aggressively implement Executive Order 12564 to assure
drug-free workplace plans and policies within the
Federal government.
Expand treatment and target services to improve the number of
individuals served and the effectiveness of treatment
Hold Federally-funded treatment programs accountable
for their effectiveness by establishing performance
criteria.
Require drug testing in treatment programs receiving
Federal funds.
Explore expanded use of "civil commitment" whereby
addicts are sent by the courts to residential treatment
facilities.
Improve drug treatment services for pregnant women.
Place heavier emphasis on targeted international efforts closer
to production and trafficking sources
Elevate the drug issue as a foreign policy priority.
O
Dismantle drug trafficking organizations.
O
Reduce trafficking profits by focusing increased
efforts on money laundering.
Page 3
Take a fresh approach to interdiction
Create interagency and interdisciplinary teams to
analyze and target smuggling modes, methods, and
routes.
Target key individuals and high-value shipments.
Enhance border interdiction systems, operations, and
activities.
Improve the quality of research, information, and technological
capabilities available for drug control efforts
Establish a Federal Drug Control Research and
Development Committee.
Develop a more current and flexible information base.
Improve support coordination of Federal anti-drug policy and intelligence
Establish interagency working groups chaired by the
Office of National Drug Control Policy to coordinate
supply and demand reduction efforts.
Establish an interagency working group chaired by the
Office of National Drug Control Policy to develop plans
for an intelligence center to unite U.S. drug-related
capabilities. analytical capabilities, and to improve intelligence
Page 4
Recommend a $2.2 billion increase in drug funding to $7.9 billion
in 1990. The major changes over 1989 are shown on the
following chart:
Drug Resources, Fiscal Year 1990
Budget Authority (Millions of Dollars)
Feb 9
Budget
Drug
Feb 9
Plus Drug
Strategy
FY89-
FY89-
FY1989
Budget
Portion of
Sep
FY90 %
FY90 $
Enacted
FY1990*
Crime Bill**
FY1990**
Increase
Increase
Corrections
734
894
1,601
1,601
118%
867
International
250
306
306
449
80%
199
State and Local Grants
150
150
156
350
133%
200
Judiciary
209
242
250
250
20%
41
Other Law Enforcement
2,779
3,018
3.058
3,113
12%
334
Prevention/Education
943
1,041
1,041
1,176
25%
233
Treatment
604
735
735
925
53%
321
Total
5,669
6,386
7.147
7,864
39%
2,195
These columns include resources for the U.S. Court and make other minor adjustments to
the 1989. figures presented in the "Building a Better America" document issued in February.
These columns include the "drug portion" ($0.8 billion) of the President's $1.2 billion crime
initiative announced in May, 1989. The Administration supports enactment of the crime
initiative (The Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1989) in its entirety.
The drug portion of prison construction is based on the projected share of drug offenders in
Federal prison at the time the construction is completed. This new methodology reflects more
accurately the likely impact of drug offenses. For consistency with prior years, the historical
prison construction numbers have been adjusted to reflect this new methodology.
March 27, 1989
TALKING POINTS ON ANTI-DRUG ABUSE EFFORTS
The President is committed to ending illegal drug use in
America. He has met with students, parents, community
leaders and law enforcement officials involved in the fight
against drugs --and has urged a united effort in countering
drug use and its related devastation.
The President is working shoulder-to-shoulder with America's
first Director of National Drug Control Policy, Bill
Bennett.
The policy of this Administration is "zero tolerance." No
amount of illegal drug use is acceptable. This means
dealing with both supply and demand.
In his February 9 address to the joint session of Congress,
the President requested $6 billion in FY 1990 to fight
drugs, increasing outlays by nearly $1 billion for drug
education, treatment and enforcement. This is a 21 percent
increase over 1989, and 47 percent over 1988.
The Administration has launched a four-pronged attack in
fighting the flow of drugs: education, rehabilitation,
interdiction and enforcement.
Education:
We must establish "zero tolerance" as an attitude and a
way of life by educating our children at home and at
school on the dangers of experimenting with drugs.
All schools should develop anti-drug programs for the
classroom, and adopt tough "no use" disciplinary
policies to show that drug use will not be tolerated.
The Administration is requesting nearly $1.1 billion
for education adn prevention efforts. This is a 16
percent increase over 1989, and includes funding for
ongoing programs and new initiatives.
Rehabilitation:
Those who fail to heed the signals and do use drugs
should be encouraged to seek treatment -- the aim is to
reclaim lives, not abandon them. The President's
policy balances firmness with compassion.
Funding for drug abuse treatment will be increased 18
percent, including new grants to reduce the waiting
periods for admittance into drug treatment programs.
The Administration is proposing over $700 million to
expand the nation's capacity to provide drug abuse
treatment, particularly for the indigent,
disadvantaged, youth, and expectant mothers.
Interdiction and Enforcement:
Eradicating drugs at the source, interdicting them
before they cross our borders, and destroying the
trafficking cartels that profit so richly from drug
addiction are important steps in fighting this
insidious foe.
The Administration is proposing over $4.1 billion for
law enforcement programs in 1990, a 10 percent increase
over 1989. This constitutes about 70 percent of
President Bush's proposed drug budget.
Substantial funding increases are requested for the
Drug Enforcement Administration, the Customs Service,
the State Department's Bureau of International
Narcotics Matters, and the U.S. Coast Guard drug
interdiction program -- to strengthen inspection,
interdiction, intelligence efforts and crop eradication
programs.
The Justice Department will receive funding for grants
to local law enforcement agencies and for additional
U.S. Attorney prosecutorial staff, as well as for FBI
investigations and local law enforcement training. The
Department of Justice anticipates distribution of $175
million to state and local law enforcement agencies out
of the asset forfeit fund.
Policies are aimed at stepping up the pressure on the
suppliers of illegal drugs by providing grants to State
and local law enforcement, beefing up the Federal
enforcement agencies, and enhancing our drug
prosecution, detention and intelligence capabilities.
The President supports strict application of the tough
new penalties of the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988, which
calls for the death penalty for those who commit drug-
related murders and for increased prison sentences for
other drug-related crimes.
The President will appoint judges who will strongly
enforce the drug penalty laws. He encourages the
judiciary to strictly apply the law to convicted drug
offenders, and particularly supports severe sentences
for dealers who hire children to carry or sell their
drugs, and those who sell near schools.
RECENT ACTIONS:
On March 14, the Administration ordered a temporary ban on
the import of certain semi-automatic weapons. The President
said, "A secure community is the right of every American.
Toward that end guns can be imported under current law, only
if they are adaptable for sporting purposes. We've recently
taken a step and temporarily suspended the import of AKS-47
type and certain other semi-automatio weapons into this
country as we continue to search for a solution to this
difficult and complex problem."
Attorney General Thornburgh traveled in early March to South
America, where he met with the top officials of Columbia,
Bolivia and Peru. The topic of their discussions was
curbing drug production as well as the destruction of the
trafficking cartels. The Attorney General reported that the
leaders share our commitment to enhance cooperative efforts
at all levels. The President is committed to removing
obstacles that inhibit certain Latin American nations from
substituting profitable, legitimate crops for coca.
# # #
2/9/89
TALKING POINTS
DRUGS
The President has proposed nearly $1 billion in new outlays for
anti-drug efforts -- a 21% increase over FY 89, and a nearly 50%
increase over FY 88. The President is committed to ending drug
abuse in America; the policy of his Administration is "zero
tolerance."
1. The President's anti-drug program is based on four strategies
for which the President is requesting a total of $6.0 billion
in budget authority for 1990:
Education: Fundamentally, the problem is demand, and the
demand must be stopped. Education of our children about
the dangers of drugs must begin early and continue
through college. An increase of 16% in Federal support
for anti-drug education is proposed.
Treatment: The President's goal is to reclaim lives,
not abandon them. The Administration proposes an
increase of 18% VS. FY 1989 for treatment programs.
Interdiction and Enforcement: The President is
committed to stopping drugs at the source --
internationally, at U.S. borders, and among drug cartels
and drug runners. Funding for interdiction and
enforcement measures is increased by 10% over FY 1989.
This effort includes strengthened interdiction and
inspections efforts for Coast Guard, Drug Enforcement
Administration, Customs, and more prison space to keep
drug criminals off the streets.
Stronger Drug Penalties: The President is committed to
strict enforcement of tough penalties for drug users and
traffickers -- the death penalty for those who commit
drug-related murders, and longer prison sentences.
2. The Administration's crack-down on drugs is part of an
aggressive commitment to law enforcement. The Administration
is requesting an 11% increase in the budget authority for law
enforcement, above and beyond the increases for combatting
drug-related crime.
3. The President will work with his designated Director of the
Office of National Drug Control Policy, Bill Bennett. Upon
confirmation he will develop a national anti-drug strategy,
and help assure that the President's programs are successfully
implemented.
#
March 27, 1989
TALKING POINTS ON ANTI-DRUG ABUSE EFFORTS
The President is committed to ending illegal drug use in
America. He has met with students, parents, community
leaders and law enforcement officials involved in the fight
against drugs --and has urged a united effort in countering
drug use and its related devastation.
The President is working shoulder-to-shoulder with America's
first Director of National Drug Control Policy, Bill
Bennett.
The policy of this Administration is "zero tolerance." No
amount of illegal drug use is acceptable. This means
dealing with both supply and demand.
In his February 9 address to the joint session of Congress,
the President requested $6 billion in FY 1990 to fight
drugs, increasing outlays by nearly $1 billion for drug
education, treatment and enforcement. This is a 21 percent
increase over 1989, and 47 percent over 1988.
The Administration has launched a four-pronged attack in
fighting the flow of drugs: education, rehabilitation,
interdiction and enforcement.
Education:
We must establish "zero tolerance" as an attitude and a
way of life by educating our children at home and at
school on the dangers of experimenting with drugs.
All schools should develop anti-drug programs for the
classroom, and adopt tough "no use" disciplinary
policies to show that drug use will not be tolerated.
The Administration is requesting nearly $1.1 billion
for education adn prevention efforts. This is a 16
percent increase over 1989, and includes funding for
ongoing programs and new initiatives.
Rehabilitation:
Those who fail to heed the signals and do use drugs
should be encouraged to seek treatment -- the aim is to
reclaim lives, not abandon them. The President's
policy balances firmness with compassion.
Funding for drug abuse treatment will be increased 18
percent, including new grants to reduce the waiting
periods for admittance into drug treatment programs.
The Administration is proposing over $700 million to
expand the nation's capacity to provide drug abuse
treatment, particularly for the indigent,
disadvantaged, youth, and expectant mothers.
Interdiction and Enforcement:
Eradicating drugs at the source, interdicting them
before they cross our borders, and destroying the
trafficking cartels that profit so richly from drug
addiction are important steps in fighting this
insidious foe.
The Administration is proposing over $4.1 billion for
law enforcement programs in 1990, a 10 percent increase
over 1989. This constitutes about 70 percent of
President Bush's proposed drug budget.
Substantial funding increases are requested for the
Drug Enforcement Administration, the Customs Service,
the State Department's Bureau of International
Narcotics Matters, and the U.S. Coast Guard drug
interdiction program -- to strengthen inspection,
interdiction, intelligence efforts and crop eradication
programs.
The Justice Department will receive funding for grants
to local law enforcement agencies and for additional
U.S. Attorney prosecutorial staff, as well as for FBI
investigations and local law enforcement training. The
Department of Justice anticipates distribution of $175
million to state and local law enforcement agencies out
of the asset forfeit fund.
Policies are aimed at stepping up the pressure on the
suppliers of illegal drugs by providing grants to State
and local law enforcement, beefing up the Federal
enforcement agencies, and enhancing our drug
prosecution, detention and intelligence capabilities.
The President supports strict application of the tough
new penalties of the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988, which
calls for the death penalty for those who commit drug-
related murders and for increased prison sentences for
other drug-related crimes.
The President will appoint judges who will strongly
enforce the drug penalty laws. He encourages the
judiciary to strictly apply the law to convicted drug
offenders, and particularly supports severe sentences
for dealers who hire children to carry or sell their
drugs, and those who sell near schools.
RECENT ACTIONS:
o
On March 14, the Administration ordered a temporary ban on
the import of certain semi-automatic weapons. The President
said, "A secure community is the right of every American.
Toward that end guns can be imported under current law, only
if they are adaptable for sporting purposes. We've recently
taken a step and temporarily suspended the import of AKS-47
type and certain other semi-automatic weapons into this
country as we continue to search for a solution to this
difficult and complex problem."
Attorney General Thornburgh traveled in early March to South
America, where he met with the top officials of Columbia,
Bolivia and Peru. The topic of their discussions was
curbing drug production as well as the destruction of the
trafficking cartels. The Attorney General reported that the
leaders share our commitment to enhance cooperative efforts
at all levels. The President is committed to removing
obstacles that inhibit certain Latin American nations from
substituting profitable, legitimate crops for coca.
# # #
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
February 26, 1990
NATIONAL GOALS FOR EDUCATION
INTRODUCTION
At the historic education summit in Charlottesville five months ago, the President and the
Governors declared that "the time has come, for the first time in U.S. history, to establish
clear national performance goals, goals that will make us internationally competitive." The
six national education goals contained here are the first step in carrying out that commitment.
America's educational performance must be second to none in the 21st century. Education is
central to our quality of life. It is at the heart of our economic strength and security, our
creativity in the arts and letters, our invention in the sciences, and the perpetuation of our
cultural values. Education is the key to America's international competitiveness.
Today, a new standard for an educated citizenry is required, one suitable for the next century.
Our people must be as knowledgeable, as well-trained, as competent, and as inventive as
those in any other nation. All of our people, not just a few, must be able to think for a living,
adapt to changing environments, and to understand the world around them. They must
understand and accept the responsibilities and obligations of citizenship. They must
continually learn and develop new skills throughout their lives.
America can meet this challenge if our society is dedicated to a renaissance in education. We
must become a nation that values education and learning. We must recognize that every child
can learn, regardless of background or disability. We must recognize that education is a
lifelong pursuit, not just an endeavor for our children.
Sweeping, fundamental changes in our education system must be made. Educators must be
given greater flexibility to devise challenging and inspiring strategies to serve the needs of a
diverse body of students. This is especially important for students who are at risk of
academic failure - for the failure of these students will become the failure of our nation.
Achieving these changes depends in large part on the commitment of professional educators.
Their daily work must be dedicated to creating a new educational order in which success for
all students is the first priority, and they must be held accountable for the results.
This is not the responsibility of educators alone, however. All Americans have an important
stake in the success of our education system, and every part of our society must be involved
in meeting that challenge. Parents must be more interested and involved in their children's
education, and students must accept the challenge of higher expectations for achievement and
greater responsibility for their future. In addition, communities, business and civic groups,
-2-
and state, local, and federal government each has a vital role to play throughout this decade to
ensure our success.
The first step is to establish ambitious national education goals -- performance goals that
must be achieved if the United States is to remain competitive in the world marketplace and
our citizens are to reach their fullest potential. These goals are about excellence. Meeting
them will require that the performance of our highest achievers be boosted to levels that equal
or exceed the performance of the best students anywhere. The performance of our lowest
achievers must be substantially increased far beyond their current performance. What our best
students can achieve now, our average students must be able to achieve by the turn of the
century. We must work to ensure that a significant number of students from all races, ethnic
groups, and income levels are among our top performers.
If the United States is to maintain a strong and responsible democracy and a prosperous and
growing economy into the next century, all of our citizens must be involved in achieving
these goals. Every citizen will benefit as a result. When challenged, the American people
have always shown their determination to succeed. The challenge before us calls on each
American to help ensure our nation's future.
-3-
NATIONAL EDUCATION GOALS
Readiness for School
GOAL 1:
By the year 2000, all children in America will start school ready to learn.
Objectives:
All disadvantaged and disabled children will have access to high quality and
developmentally appropriate preschool programs that help prepare children for
school.
Every parent in America will be a child's first teacher and devote time each day
helping his or her preschool child learn; parents will have access to the
training and support they need.
Children will receive the nutrition and health care needed to arrive at school
with healthy minds and bodies, and the number of low birthweight babies will
be significantly reduced through enhanced prenatal health systems.
High School Completion
GOAL 2:
By the year 2000, the high school graduation rate will increase to at least
90 percent.
Objectives:
The nation must dramatically reduce its dropout rate and seventy-five percent
of those students who do drop out will successfully complete a high school
degree or its equivalent.
The gap in high school graduation rates between American students from
minority backgrounds and their non-minority counterparts will be eliminated.
Student Achievement and Citizenship
GOAL 3:
By the year 2000, American students will leave grades four, eight and
twelve having demonstrated competency in challenging subject matter
including English, mathematics, science, history, and geography; and every
school in America will ensure that all students learn to use their minds
well, so they may be prepared for responsible citizenship, further learning,
and productive employment in our modern economy.
-4-
Objectives:
The academic performance of elementary and secondary students will increase
significantly in every quartile, and the distribution of minority students in each
level will more closely reflect the student population as a whole.
The percentage of students who demonstrate the ability to reason, solve
problems, apply knowledge, and write and communicate effectively will
increase substantially.
All students will be involved in activities that promote and demonstrate good
citizenship, community service, and personal responsibility.
The percentage of students who are competent in more than one language will
substantially increase.
All students will be knowledgeable about the diverse cultural heritage of this
nation and about the world community.
Science and Mathematics
GOAL 4:
By the year 2000, U.S. students will be first in the world in science and
mathematics achievement.
Objectives:
Math and science education will be stren gthened throughout the system,
especially in the early grades.
The number of teachers with a substantive background in mathematics and
science will increase by 50 percent.
The number of U.S. undergraduate and graduate students, especially women
and minorities, who complete degrees in mathematics, science, and engineering
will increase significantly.
Adult Literacy and Lifelong Learning
GOAL 5:
By the year 2000, every adult American will be literate and will possess
the knowledge and skills necessary to compete in a global economy and
exercise the rights and responsibilities of citizenship.
-5-
Objectives:
Every major American business will be involved in strengthening the
connection between education and work.
All workers will have the opportunity to acquire the knowledge and skills, from
basic to highly technical, needed to adapt to emerging new technologies, work
methods, and markets through public and private educational, vocational,
technical, workplace, or other programs.
The number of quality programs, including those at libraries, that are designed
to serve more effectively the needs of the growing number of part-time and
mid-career students will increase substantially.
The proportion of those qualified students, especially minorities, who enter
college; who complete at least two years; and who complete their degree
programs will increase substantially.
The proportion of college graduates who demonstrate an advanced ability to
think critically, communicate effectively, and solve problems will increase
substantially.
Safe, Disciplined, and Drug-Free Schools
GOAL 6:
By the year 2000, every school in America will be free of drugs and
violence and will offer a disciplined environment conducive to learning.
Objectives:
Every school will implement a firm and fair policy on use, possession, and
distribution of drugs and alcohol.
Parents, businesses, and community organizations will work together to ensure
that schools are a safe haven for all children.
Every school district will develop a comprehensive K-12 drug and alcohol
prevention education program. Drug and alcohol curriculum should be taught
as an integral part of health education. In addition, community-based teams
should be organized to provide students and teachers with needed support.
-6-
NECESSARY CHANGES AND RESTRUCTURING
These goals are ambitious, yet they can and must be achieved. However, they cannot be
achieved by our education system as it is presently constituted. Substantial, even radical
changes will have to be made.
Without a strong commitment and concerted effort on the part of every sector and every
citizen to improve dramatically the performance of the nation's education system and each and
every student, these goals will remain nothing more than a distant, unattainable vision. For
their part, Governors will work within their own states to develop strategies for restructuring
their education systems in order to achieve the goals. Because states differ from one another,
each state will approach this in a different manner. The President and the Governors will
work to support these state efforts, and to recommend steps that the federal government,
business, and community groups should take to help achieve these national goals. The nature
of many of these steps is already clear.
The Preschool Years
American homes must be places of learning. Parents should play an active role in their
children's early learning, particularly by reading to them on a daily basis. Parents should have
access to the support and training required to fulfill this role, especially in poor, under-
educated families.
In preparing young people to start school, both the federal and state governments have
important roles to play, especially with regard to health, nutrition, and early childhood
development. Congress and the administration have increased maternal and child health
coverage for all families with incomes up to 133 percent of the federal poverty line. Many
states go beyond this level of coverage, and more are moving in this direction. In addition,
states continue to develop more effective delivery systems for prenatal and postnatal care.
However, we still need more prevention, testing, and screening, and early identification and
treatment of learning disorders and disabilities.
The federal government should work with the states to develop and fully fund early
intervention strategies for children. All eligible children should have access to Head Start,
Chapter 1, or some other successful preschool program with strong parental involvement. Our
first priority must be to provide at least one year of preschool for all disadvantaged children.
The School Years
As steps are taken to better prepare children for schools, we must also better prepare schools
for children.
This is especially important for young children. Schools must be able to educate effectively
all children when they arrive at the schoolhouse door, regardless of variations in students'
interest, capacities, or learning styles.
-7-
Next, our public education system must be fundamentally restructured in order to ensure that
all students can meet higher standards. This means reorienting schools so they focus on
results, not on procedures; giving each school's principal and teachers the discretion to make
more decisions and the flexibility to use federal, state, and local resources in more productive,
innovative ways that improve learning; providing a way for gifted professionals who want to
teach to do so through alternative certification avenues, and giving parents more responsibility
for their children's education through magnet schools, public school choice, and other
strategies. Most important, restructuring requires creating powerful incentives for performance
and improvement, and real consequences for persistent failure. It is only by maintaining this
balance of flexibility and accountability that we can truly improve our schools.
The federal government must sustain its vital role of promoting educational equity by ensuring
access to quality educational programs for all students regardless of race, national origin, sex,
or handicapping condition. Federal funds should target those students most in need of
assistance due to economic disadvantage or risk of academic failure.
Finally, efforts to restructure education must work toward guaranteeing that all students are
engaged in rigorous programs of instruction designed to ensure that every child, regardless of
background or disability, acquires the knowledge and skills necessary to succeed in a
changing economy. In recent years, there has been an increased commitment to mathematics
and science improvement programs. The federal government should continue to enhance
financial assistance to state and local governments for effective programs in these areas.
Likewise, there has been a greater federal emphasis on programs that target youth at risk of
school failure and dropping out. The federal government should continue to enhance funding
and seek strategies to help states in their efforts to seek solutions to these problems.
Improving elementary and secondary student achievement will not require a national
curriculum, but it will require that the nation invest in developing the skills and knowledge of
our educators and equipping our schools with up-to-date technology. The quality of teachers
and teaching is essential to meeting our goals. We must have well-prepared teachers and we
must increase the number of qualified teachers in critical shortage areas, including rural and
urban schools, specialized fields such as foreign languages, mathematics and science, and
from minority groups. Policies must attract and keep able teachers who reflect the cultural
diversity of our nation. Policies that shape how our educators are prepared, certified,
rewarded, developed and supported on the job must be consistent with efforts to restructure
the education system and ensure that every school is capable of teaching all of our children to
think and reason. Teachers and other school leaders must not only be outstanding, the schools
in which they work must also be restructured to utilize both professional talent and technology
to improve student learning and teacher- and system-productivity.
The After-School Years
Comprehensive, well-integrated lifelong learning opportunities must be created for a world in
which three of four new jobs will require more than a high school education; workers with
only high school diplomas may face the prospect of declining incomes; and most workers will
-8-
change their jobs ten or eleven times over their lifetime.
In most states, the present system for delivering adult literacy services is fractured and
inadequate. Because the United States has far higher rates of adult functional illiteracy than
other advanced countries, a first step is to establish in each state a public-private partnership
to create a functionally literate workforce.
In some other countries, government policies and programs are carefully coordinated with
private sector activities to create effective apprenticeship and job training activities. By
contrast, the United States has a multilayered system of vocational and technical schools,
community colleges, and specific training programs funded from multiple sources and subject
to little coordination. These institutions need to be restructured so they fit together more
sensibly and effectively to give all adults access to flexible and comprehensive programs that
meet their needs. Every major business must work to provide appropriate training and
educational opportunities to prepare employees for the twenty-first century.
Finally, a larger share of our population, especially those from working class, poor, and
minority backgrounds, must be helped to attend and remain in college. The cost of a college
education, as a percentage of median family income, has approximately tripled in a genera-
tion. That means more loans, scholarships, and work-study opportunities are needed. The
federal government's role in ensuring access for qualified students is critical. At the same
time, the higher education system must use existing resources far more productively than it
does at present, and must be held more accountable for what students do or.do not learn. The
federal government will continue to examine ways to reduce students' increasing debt burden
and to address the proper balance between grant and loan programs.
ASSESSMENT
National education goals will be meaningless unless progress toward meeting them is
measured accurately and adequately, and reported to the American people. Doing a good job
of assessment and reporting requires the resolution of three issues.
First, what students need to know must be defined. In some cases, there is a solid foundation
on which to build. For example, the National Council on Teachers of Mathematics and the
Mathematical Sciences Education Board have done important work in defining what all
students must know and be able to do in order to be mathematically competent. A major
effort for science has been initiated by the American Association for the Advancement of
Science. These efforts must be expanded and extended to other subject areas.
Second, when it is clear what students need to know, it must be determined whether they
know it. There have been a number of important efforts to improve our ability to measure
student learning at the state and national levels. This year for the first time, the National
Assessment for Education Progress (NAEP) will collect data on student performance on a
state-by-state basis for thirty-seven states. Work is underway to develop a national
assessment of adult literacy. These and other efforts must be supported and strengthened.
-9-
The Governors urge the National Assessment Governing Board to begin work to set national
performance goals in the subject areas in which NAEP will be administered. This does not
mean establishing standards for individual competence; rather, it requires determining how to
set targets for increases in the percentage of students performing at the higher levels of the
NAEP scales.
Third, measurements must be accurate, comparable, appropriate, and constructive. Placement
decisions for young children should not be made on the basis of standardized tests. Achieve-
ment tests must not simply measure minimum competencies, but also higher levels of reading,
writing, speaking, reasoning, and problem-solving skills. And in comparing America's
achievement with that of other countries, it is essential that international comparisons are
reliable. In addition, appropriate, nationally-directed research, demonstration, data collection,
and innovation should be maintained and recognized as a set of core responsibilities of the
federal government in education. That role needs to be strengthened in cooperation with the
states.
The President and the Governors agree that while we do not need a new data-gathering
agency, we do need a bipartisan group to oversee the process of determining and developing
appropriate measurements and reporting on the progress toward meeting the goals. This
process should stay in existence until at least the year 2000 so that we assure ten full years of
effort toward meeting the goals.
A CHALLENGE
These national education goals are not the President's goals or the Governors' goals; they are
the nation's goals.
These education goals are the beginning, not the end, of the process. Governors are commit-
ted to working within their own states to review state education goals and performance levels
in light of these national goals. States are encouraged to adjust state goals according to this
review, and to expand upon national goals where appropriate. The President and the
Governors challenge every family, school, school district, and community to adopt these
national goals as their own, and establish other goals that reflect the particular circumstances
and challenges they face as America approaches the twenty-first century.
###
BH
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE
AT 9:00 PM (EST)
WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 31, 1990
NATIONAL EDUCATION GOALS
At the historic President's Education Summit with Governors in Charlottesville, Virginia four
months ago, President Bush and the nation's Governors declared that, "the time has come, for
the first time in U.S. history, to establish clear, national performance goals, goals that will
make us internationally competitive." In his State of the Union message, the President
announced six national goals for education:
1.
By the year 2000, all children in America will start school ready to learn.
2.
By the year 2000, we will increase the percentage of students graduating from
high school to at least ninety percent.
3.
By the year 2000, American students will leave grades four, eight, and twelve
having demonstrated competency over challenging subject matter, including
English, mathematics, science, history and geography.
4.
By the year 2000, U.S. students will be first in the world in science and
mathematics achievement.
5.
By the year 2000, every adult American will be literate and possess the
knowledge and skills necessary to compete in a global economy and exercise
the rights and responsibilities of citizenship.
6.
By the year 2000, every school in America will be free of drugs and violence
and offer a disciplined environment conducive to learning.
The President and members of the Governors' Task Force on Education jointly developed
these goals with the advice of scores of education associations and organizations, business and
community leaders, parents, teachers, and state and local administrators. The announcement
of these six national performance goals represents a first phase in carrying out the commit-
ment made in Charlottesville. These goals will be part of a comprehensive goals and
objectives statement and presented to all the Governors at their Winter meeting in late
February.
-2-
Background
These goals are about excellence. They are about recognizing that every child, regardless of
background or disability, can learn. They are based on a recognition that education is a life-
long enterprise. They are about restructuring and revitalizing the education system of the
United States. They are designed to encourage a renaissance in American education.
Meeting these goals will require that our education system boosts the performance of our
highest achievers to levels that equal or exceed the performance of the best anywhere;
substantially increases the performance of our lowest achievers to far higher levels than their
current performance; and ensures that what our best students can achieve now, our average
students be able to achieve by the turn of the century.
A strong education system is essential to maintaining a vigorous and responsible democracy
and a prosperous and growing economy. The President and the Governors have developed a
clear set of national education goals that they believe are worthy of our people and our times,
and that will provide a measure by which our responsible leaders can be held accountable for
results.
In order for national education goals to be meaningful, progress toward achieving these goals
must be measured accurately and adequately, and reported to the American people on a timely
basis. Present data collection efforts and activities in progress to improve assessment tools
and statistics provide a solid foundation on which to build. However, more work is needed.
The President and the Governors agree that this effort will require a substantial national
commitment over several years to further develop and refine our national measurement
capabilities.
The President's FY 1991 budget recognizes the importance of measuring how the nation
progresses toward achievement of these goals. The President has requested a fifty percent
increase, from $40 million to $60 million, in the federal investment for statistics for the U.S.
Department of Education. In addition, the President's budget includes $20 million for follow-
up activities related to the President's Education Summit with Governors. A portion of this
request may provide additional funding for assessment and statistics development. In the
coming months, the Administration and the Governors will work with other interested groups
to develop fully the range and quality of measures needed to report on progress.
-3-
MEASURING PROGRESS TOWARD NATIONAL GOALS
Readiness for School
GOAL 1:
By the year 2000, all children in America will start school ready to learn.
Assessments indicating readiness for school generally are not administered by schools. Nor
do the President and the Governors recommend that such an assessment, especially one that
could wrongfully be used to determine when a child should start school, be developed for
purposes of measuring progress toward this goal. Other current indicators of readiness may
serve as proxies, and still others need to be developed.
The National Center for Education Statistics' (NCES) National Household Education Survey
will be designed to furnish as much useful data as possible on a child's early learning
experiences and the extent of parental involvement. In addition, the Current Population
Survey, the Administration on Children, Youth, and Families, and other units of the U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services collect information on learning experiences and
the social and physical status of young children that will provide essential data for measuring
appropriate dimensions of readiness.
High School Completion
GOAL 2:
By the year 2000, we will increase the percentage of students graduating
from high school to at least ninety percent.
According to best estimates, approximately 72 percent of the nation's 18 to 19-year-olds had
completed high school in 1988. Presently, national data on high school completion rates are
available from the Current Population Survey. New measurement and collection efforts will
rates. be necessary to gather comparable state-level data on dropout and high school completion
Student Achievement
GOAL 3:
By the year 2000, American students will leave grades four, eight, and
twelve having demonstrated competency over challenging subject matter,
including English, mathematics, science, history and geography.
Demonstrating competency is not merely a function of successfully completing courses. It
involves mastering a meaningful level of knowledge and skills. Assessment tools must not
simply measure minimum competencies, but also higher levels of reading, writing, speaking,
reasoning, and problem-solving skills. While the focus of this goal specifies competency in
several subject areas, the list is not to be interpreted as exhaustive, nor as recommending a
-4-
national curriculum. Furthermore, in order to demonstrate a meaningful level of competency
at certain points in the educational process, performance at every grade level and among all
quartiles of achievement must increase substantially. Only in this manner will our entire
educational system be lifted toward excellence.
Appropriate measures of achievement must be accurate, comparable and constructive. While
comparable state-level data is not presently available, the National Assessment of Educational
Progress (NAEP) will be a principal mechanism for measuring student achievement in grades
four, eight, and twelve in reading, writing, mathematics, science, history and geography on a
national, and eventually state-by-state, basis. The National Center for Education Statistics is
working with NAEP and others to extend and improve appropriate national assessments in a
variety of subject areas. Thirty-seven states will participate in the NAEP pilot state-level
assessments. assessment this year. It is expected that all States will participate in future state-level
Science and Mathematics
GOAL 4:
By the year 2000, U.S. students will be first in the world in science and
mathematics achievement.
available measures suggest that U.S. 13-year-olds perform near the bottom in science and
While no international comparisons of student achievement to date are considered adequate,
mathematics compared to their peers in other industrialized countries. Significant work must
be accomplished to ensure that international comparisons of achievement are reliable.
The National Academy of Sciences is working with the U.S. Department of Education and the
National Science Foundation to develop recommendations for the creation of a permanent
international framework for coordinating international assessments that compare the
performance of U.S. students in mathematics and science to that of their counterparts in other
in mathematics and science conducted by the International Assessment of Educational
industrialized countries. In 1991, twenty-two countries will participate in a comparative study
Progress. In 1993, the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational
Achievement will conduct its third cross-national mathematics assessment.
Mathematical Sciences Education Board, the American Academy for the Advancement of
In addition, several groups, including the National Council on Teachers of Mathematics, the
Science, the National Assessment Governing Board and others, are working to improve
assessments of mathematics and science achievement.
-5-
Literacy and Lifelong Learning
GOAL 5:
By the year 2000, every adult American will be literate and possess the
knowledge and skills necessary to compete in a global economy and
exercise the rights and responsibilities of citizenship.
No good data relating to dimensions of literacy and lifelong learning currently exist. While
work is required to develop meaningful measures, the National Survey of Adult Literacy now
underway will provide important information on functional literacy skills by 1993. The
National Center for Education Statistics also gathers data on indicators of lifelong learning
such as participation in post-secondary education and degrees received. The Department of
Labor is a source of survey data on employer activities and the labor force, and is leading
efforts to develop measures of workforce literacy skills.
Safe, Disciplined, and Drug-free Schools
GOAL 6:
By the year 2000, every school in America will be free of drugs and
violence and offer a disciplined environment conducive to learning.
No single or comprehensive source of data exists to measure the extent to which our schools
are safe, disciplined, and drug-free. The Justice Department collects national juvenile and
crime survey data. The National Institute of Drug Abuse conducts annual surveys of student
drug use and attitudes. The Department of Education's Schools and Staffing Survey provides
required. information on school climate and environment. Further data collection efforts may be
A National Challenge
These national education goals are not the President's goals or the Governors' goals, they are
the Nation's goals. Achieving them will require a strong commitment and concerted effort on
the part of every sector and every citizen to improve dramatically our nation's education
system and the performance of each and every student.
###
744
Churchill
1
Victory at all costs, victory in spite of all
9. Death and sorrow will be the companions
terror, victory however long and hard the
of our journey; hardship our garment; con-
road may be; for without victory there is no
stancy and valor our only shield. We must be
survival.
Ib.
united, we must be undaunted, we must be
2 We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to
inflexible.
the end. We shall fight in France, we shall
Report on the war, House of
fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight
Commons [October 8, 1940]
with growing confidence and growing
10 We are waiting for the long-promised inva-
strength in the air, we shall defend our is-
sion. So are the fishes.
land, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight
Radio broadcast to the French
on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing
people [October 21, 1940]
grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the
11 History with its flickering lamp stumbles
streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall
along the trail of the past, trying to recon-
never surrender.
struct its scenes, to revive its echoes, and kin-
Speech on Dunkirk, House of
dle with pale gleams the passion of former
Commons [June 4, 1940]
days. What is the worth of all this? The only
3 If we open a quarrel between the past and
guide to a man is his conscience; the only
the present, we shall find that we have lost
shield to his memory is the rectitude and sin-
the future.
cerity of his actions. It is very imprudent to
Speech in the House of Commons
walk through life without this shield, be-
cause we are so often mocked by the failure
[June 18, 1940]
of our hopes and the upsetting of our calcula-
4
Let us
brace ourselves to our duties,
tions; but with this shield, however the fates
and so bear ourselves that if the British Em-
may play, we march always in the ranks of
pire and its Commonwealth last for a thou-
honor.
sand years, men will still say: "This was their
Tribute to Neville Chamberlain,
finest hour."
Ib.
House of Commons [November 12,
1940]
5
We shall defend every village, every town
and every city. The vast mass of London it-
12 I do not resent criticism, even when, for the
self, fought street by street, could easily de-
sake of emphasis, it parts for the time with
reality.
vour an entire hostile army; and we would
rather see London laid in ruins and ashes
Speech in the House of Commons
than that it should be tamely and abjectly
[January 22, 1941]
enslaved.
13 Here is the answer which I will give to
President Roosevelt.
Radio broadcast [July 14, 1940]
Give us the tools,
and we will finish the job.
6 Never in the field of human conflict was so
Radio broadcast [February 9, 1941]
much owed by so many to so few.
14 This is one of those cases in which the
Tribute to the Royal Air Force,
imagination is baffled by the facts.
House of Commons [August 20,
Remark in the House of Commons
1940]
following the parachute descent in
7
The British Empire and the United States
Scotland of Rudolf Hess [May 13,
will have to be somewhat mixed up together
1941]
in some of their affairs for mutual and gen-
15 The British nation is unique in this respect.
eral advantage. For my own part, looking out
They are the only people who like to be told
upon the future, I do not view the process
how bad things are, who like to be told the
with any misgivings.
worst.
Ib.
Report on the war, House of
8
This wicked man Hitler, the repository and
Commons [June 10, 1941]
embodiment of many forms of soul-destroy-
ing hatred, this monstrous product of former
16 A vile race of quislings to use the new
word which will carry the scorn of mankind
wrongs and shame.
down the centuries.
Radio broadcast [September II,
Speech at St. James's Palace,
1940]
London [June 12, 1941]
and sweat in subsequent speeches on October 8, 1940, May
Vidkun Quisling, head of the Nasjonal Samling party
7 and December 2, 1941, and January 27 and November 10,
in Norway, who cooperated and collaborated with the
1942.
Nazis when Germany invaded Norway [April 9, 1940|.
Quisling was executed [October 23, 1945].
A4 THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 6, 1990
THE WASHI
Bush Sees "Progress on Drug Front
Optimism Reflects Rise in Cocaine Prices, Decline in Casual Use
By Michael Isikoff
Washington Post Staff Writer
On the first anniversary of releas-
ing his anti-drug plan, President
Bush proclaimed yesterday. there
have been "clear signs of progress"
in curbing the nation's drug prob-
lems and, that "cocaine is harder to
find, more expensive and less pure
than it was just one year ago."
Although he stopped far short of
declaring victory, Bush's comments
were his most upbeat assessment to
date on the state of the drug war-
an issue he reaffirmed as his "num-
ber one" priority. His optimism was
based on a series of recent reports
showing unexpectedly sharp. in-
creases in wholesale cocaine prices,
continued declines in so-called cas-
AGENCE
ual use of drugs, and most surpris-
Bush and Bennett address reporters on anniversary of president's drug speech.
ingly, a 27 percent decrease in co-
caine-related hospital emergencies
since last October-a sign that
bies have been born in America since
A sharp increase in wholesale
many experts said suggests that the
the first drug strategy was released;
cocaine prices in many cities, ac-
worst days of the cocaine epidemic
less than one in seven addicts in pris-
companied by declines in the purity
may have passed.
on were treated," Biden said. "No
of drugs sold on the streets, Be-
hoto Copy Preservation
But Bush's analysis was promptly
drug strategy.that permits [this] to
tween 1981 and last year, cocaine
discounted by some Democratic crit-
continue unabated can be considered
prices had plummeted from
ics who pointed to soaring murder
a "success, in my, view.
$60,000 per kilogram to as low as
rates in many cities and a lack of
Bush's brief appearance came one
$10,000. But in recent months, in
treatment programs for inner-city
year to the day after he gave his first
Los Angeles, New York and Hous-
addicts as evidence that the nation's
nationally televised anti-drug speech,
ton, prices have risen to between
drug problems are as serious as ev-
holding up a bag of crack cocaine
$32,000 and $35,000, resulting in
er. A number of academic specialists
that he said had been seized across
what local officials have described
also noted that some of the positive
the street from the White House and
as street "shortages" in some cities.
developments Bush cited were well
declaring drug abuse "the gravest
After nearly a fivefold increase
underway before he took office or, in
domestic threat facing our nation."
between mid-1985 and mid-1989,
other cases, bear little relation to the
His appearance yesterday at a long-
the number of cocaine-related hos-
impact of federal policy.
scheduled news conference by na-
pital emergencies recorded each
Perhaps most significant of these
tional drug control policy director
quarter by the Drug Abuse Warning
was the tough drug crackdown
William J. Bennett was in part aimed
Network, a group of 700 hospitals in
launched by Colombia's then-Pres-
at calming fears among anti-drug
21 major cities, has declined from
ident Virgilio Barco in August
officials that, between the Persian
11,096 to 8,135 in the past six
1989-a move that U.S. officials
Gulf crisis and the looming budget
months.
have credited with disrupting op-
crunch, the administration's commit-
The federal government's house-
erations of the Medellin cocaine
ment to attacking the drug problem
hold survey released last year es-
cartel. In addition, a number of re-
would soon fade. There also have
timated that the number of people
cent research studies have chron-
been concerns that, with recent re-
who use cocaine once a month or
icled a gradual but marked turn
ports of progress, it may become
more declined from 23 million to
away from crack cocaine among
harder to sustain the president's pro-
14.5 million, while this year's an-
inner-city teenagers-a trend that
posed anti-drug funding increases in
nual high school student survey
some specialists say was probably
Congress.
showed that the percentage of high
inevitable given the saturation lev-
Bush went out of his way to re-
school seniors who admitted using
els the drug had reached in many
affirm his commitment to the issue
illegal drugs in the past 30 days
communities during the late 1980s.
with a flourish of Churchillian rhet-
dropped to 19.7 percent from a
For example, one Justice Depart-
oric. He said there is "still too much
peak of 39 percent 10 years earlier.
ment study of 1,000 current and
violence, too much destruction, too
But officials acknowledge that these
former crack smokers in New York
many innocent victims" from' the
figures reflect long-term trends
City found that young people are
drug trade and added:
among the middle class that had
increasingly ridiculing their older
"My administration will remain on
started years before the Bush ad-
peers who are still crack smokers.
the front lines until this scourge is
ministration took office.
Follow-up street studies by the
licked for good-block by block,
same researcher have found a sharp
school by school, child by child-we
drop-off in the recruitment of users.
will take back the streets, we will
"Most of the data is suggesting
never surrender. I know that other
there are very few new [crack] us-
subjects are preoccupying all of us
ers, and people who are using are
these days. But this one remains
dropping off or going back to pow-
number one."
der cocaine," said Jeffrey Fagan, an
To a large extent, Bennett and
associate professor of criminal jus-
other administration officials said,
tice at Rutgers University who con-
recent government indicators have
ducted the studies. "You get people
challenged> the "conventional wis-
walking around and talking about
dom" among many commentators
crack heads in the same way they
and public policy analysts last year
used to talk about winos."
that the drug problem had become
But that trend still leaves a large
"hopeless" and "out of control."
pool of "hard-core" cocaine or crack
Now, Bennett said, "the drug
addicts-a group that may be as
problem-in general, nationwide-
large as 2.4 million people, accord-
is no longer getting worse, and in
ing to a new estimate by the staff of
some very significant aspects, it is
the Senate Judiciary Committee re-
now getting better." He pointed to
leased yesterday by Chairman Jo-
the following developments:
seph R. Biden Jr. (D-Del.). While
acknowledging that some parts of
Bush's drug strategy were "work-
ing well," Biden sharply criticized
the administration for not spending
more on treatment programs.
"The figures we are releasing to-
day show that less than one in 10
pregnant addicts got treatment this
year; about 300,000 more drug ba-
National
Drug Control
Strategy
Executive
Summary
January 1990
National Drug
Control Strategy
Executive Summary
In accordance with the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988, the President
presented his first National Drug Control Strategy on September 5th,
1989. The Act requires that subsequent National Strategies be submit-
ted each year by February 1.
The 1990 National Drug Control Strategy, released on January
25, is a companion volume to the Strategy published last September.
Like its predecessor, this Strategy presents a coordinated and compre-
hensive plan involving Federal, State, and local government; the private
sector; schools, colleges, and universities; churches and other religious
groups; and countless community organizations. The September Strat-
egy described our national drug problem and sketched the broad out-
lines of national drug control policy; this volume of the Strategy lays out,
in considerable detail, what Federal drug policy will look like when
implemented: the activities and responsibilities of Federal departments
and agencies; specific initiatives to begin in this fiscal year; and the
funding necessary to carry forward the Administration's policy. Through-
out the Strategy, State and local governments are urged to devise drug
plans and devote the needed resources to drug control activities so that
they can become full partners in a national policy.
The fundamental principle of the National Strategy remains firm:
to reduce drug use through a mix of supply and demand policies. All the
initiatives and proposals contained in the first Strategy are still a part of
the Administration's national drug policy; this second volume builds on
it and closely examines the component parts of a comprehensive drug
plan.
1
Executive Summary
The 1990 Strategy follows the same format as the first Strategy.
Seven chapters (The Criminal Justice System; Drug Treatment; Educa-
tion, Community Action and the Workplace; International Initiatives;
Interdiction Efforts; A Research Agenda; and An Intelligence Agenda)
present a thorough discussion of issues, policies, and programs related
to our national drug control activities. The Administration's formal
designation of High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas and a broad review
of Federal drug program management issues and budget proposals are
included as appendices.
For Fiscal Year 1991, the Administration is seeking $10.6 billion
in drug-related funding - a $4.3 billion (69 percent) increase since
taking office twelve months ago and a $1.1 billion (12 percent) increase
over Fiscal Year 1990. Additional detail on the National Drug Control
Budget will be available in the "Budget Summary," a separate publica-
tion to be released January 29, 1990.
Highlights From The January 1990
National Drug Control Strategy
The Criminal Justice System
Expanded Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Forces
An additional $115 million sought to provide more investigators
and agents, additional financial crime specialists, intelligence
analysts, and criminal attorneys.
Additional DEA and FBI agents
$151 million more sought for additional DEA agents and support
personnel.
Expansion of DEA technical, communications, and information
capabilities.
More FBI agents, analysts, and foreign language specialists.
Expanded Precursor Chemical Program
Operation Chemcon, a DEA-Customs program, to be extended to
all domestic ports of entry to seize smuggled chemicals essential
for illegal drug production.
2
Executive Summary
Strengthened Prosecutorial Resources
700 additional U.S. Attorneys and staff (mandated by the Presi-
dent's Violent Crime Initiative) for drug-related cases to be in
place by Fiscal Year 1991.
Additional attorneys and staff for the Criminal and Tax Divisions
of the Justice Department.
More U.S. Court Capacity
Call for Congress to create 75 new Federal judgeships.
Additional court clerks, administrators, court officers, and legal
services for indigent defendants.
Expanded Federal Prison Capacity
Funding for over 6,000 new beds for the Federal prison system in
Fiscal Year 1991.
Proposed Legislation on the Federal Death Penalty
Proposed legislation to make the death penalty available in cases
involving three additional categories of drug offenders: major
drug kingpins; drug kingpins who attempt to kill in order to
obstruct justice; and Federal drug felons whose offense results in
death.
Drug Treatment
Improved Drug Treatment Services
A total of $1.5 billion for drug treatment grants and Federal treat-
ment programs.
Creation of the Office of Treatment Improvement within the De-
partment of Health and Human Services to provide national lead-
ership in drug treatment and focus on the quality and effective-
ness of treatment methods.
Innovative Treatment through Demonstration Projects
Approximately $200 million for treatment programs directed at
adolescents, pregnant women and infants, in addition to treat-
ment "campuses" and treatment evaluation and referral pro-
grams.
3
Executive Summary
Treatment for Pregnant Women and Infants
$6 million to improve outreach and treatment services for drug-
affected babies.
More Comprehensive Drug Treatment
Increased vocational counseling, training services, and aftercare
for recovering drug addicts.
Education, Community Action, and the
Workplace
More School-Based Drug Education Programs
Efforts aimed at high-risk and minority youth.
Expanded school drug prevention programs and evaluations.
Community Drug Prevention
$102 million in incentive grants for communities that create
broad-based, comprehensive, local prevention programs.
Drug-Free Public Housing
$150 million for the Public Housing Drug Elimination program.
Drug-Free Workplace
Cooperation with the private sector to develop drug-free workplace
programs.
International Initiatives
Expanded Andean Strategy
$206 million of increased military, law enforcement, and eco-
nomic assistance to Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia.
4
Executive Summary
Increased Cooperation with Mexico
Cooperative law enforcement efforts with Mexico to include drug-
related investigations, money laundering disruption, and the en-
hancement of Mexican drug interdiction programs.
Strengthened Financial Crimes Enforcement
Money laundering and other drug-related financial crimes to
become an Administration priority through the Department of
Treasury's Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FINCEN) and
the multi-agency Drug-Related Financial Crimes Policy Group.
Interdiction Efforts
Focus on the Southwest Border
Increased numbers of Customs Inspectors and INS Border Patrol
personnel along the Southwest border.
Larger Department of Defense Role
Expanded Department of Defense role in the detection and moni-
toring phase of drug interdiction.
Department of Defense support to border control agencies.
A Research Agenda
Wider Range of Basic Drug Information
Better estimates of production and consumption; the economic
impact of drugs; criminal justice simulation models.
Expanded survey research on drug use.
Regional and State Measures of Progress
Development of an annual "status report" on State drug use
indicators and drug control efforts.
5
Executive Summary
Medical and Scientific Research
Expanded research on drug addiction and pregnancy, AIDS and
drugs, and medications development.
Broader drug detection technology and law enforcement research.
An Intelligence Agenda
National Drug Intelligence Center
Creation of a National Drug Intelligence Center to coordinate and
consolidate drug intelligence from all law enforcement agencies,
and produce information regarding the structure, membership,
finances, communications, and activities of drug trafficking or-
ganizations.
High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas
Five Areas Designated as HIDTAs
New York, Los Angeles, Miami, Houston, and the Southwest
border to be formally designated as High Intensity Drug Traffick-
ing Areas.
$50 million to be devoted to these areas to intensify law enforce-
ment and interdiction activities.
6
Office of National Drug Control Policy
Executive Office of the President
Washington, D.C. 20500