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Records of the White House Office of Speechwriting (George H. W. Bush Administration)
Mary Kate Grant Subject Files
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Originally Processed With FOIA(s):
FOIA Number:
S
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
Library Staff.
Record Group/Collection:
George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
Collection/Office of Origin:
Speechwriting, White House Office of
Series:
Grant, Mary Kate, Files
Subseries:
Subject File, 1988-1991
OA/ID Number:
13881
Folder ID Number:
13881-018
Folder Title:
Latin American Trip [3]
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G
19
2
7
6
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
Doc. No. / Type
Subject/Title
Date
Restriction
Classification
01. Report
Re: Preadvance notes for POTUS trip to Latin America. (1 pp.)
n.d.
(b)(6)
Page 1 of 1
Collection:
Record Group:
Bush Presidential Records
Office:
Speechwriting, White House Office of
Series:
Grant, Mary Kate
Subseries:
Subject File
WHORM Cat.:
File Location:
Latin American Trip 10/90 - 11/90 [3]
Pinksheet Number:
RML1841
OA/ID Number:
13881-018
Date Closed:
12/21/2004
FOIA/Sys Case #:
S
Re-review Case #:
2005-0482-S
P-2/P-5 Review Case #:
President Bush
Current
Policy
Latin America's
No. 1286
Year of Freedom
United States Department of State
Bureau of Public Affairs
Washington, DC
Following are remarks delivered by
I am here today to assure you,
than ever before to the day when all
President Bush to the Council of the
just as I have assured the many Latin
the people of the Americas, North
Americas, Washington, DC, May 22,
American leaders I have met with,
and South, will live in freedom.
1990.
that the events of the past year have
Even in Haiti, the scene of so
increased US interest in this region-
much human suffering and anguish
[Introductory remarks deleted.
]
strengthened our desire to forge a
and turmoil, the provisional govern-
I am pleased once again to speak to
new partnership with the growing
ment has now announced its intention
forces of freedom in Latin America.
this most influential group-pioneers
to hold free elections. This Thursday
in the private-sector effort to expand
Because the fact is, the great drama
[May 24], I will be meeting at the
trade and investment between the
of democracy is unfolding right here
White House with the new leader of
United States and Latin America.
in our own hemisphere.
Haiti [Ertha Trouillot], where we are
And I am delighted to address this
Think about the tremendous gains
sure to discuss ways we can support
gathering after what has been a
made for freedom this past year.
democracy in Haiti. In all of Latin
remarkable year of change.
When I spoke here last May, the
America, only Cuba-Castro's
Over the past 12 months, it has
people of Panama were preparing to
island-remains isolated, out of step
sometimes seemed that the eyes of
go to the polls-even as the dictator
with the democratic tide. But today
the world rest solely on Eastern
of Panama was preparing to steal the
we are celebrating the anniversary of
Europe-on the miraculous transfor-
election. In Nicaragua, civil war
Cuban independence. Let me say
mation that has taken place there.
raged, the Sandinistas ruled, and the
with certainty that even in Cuba, the
Our friends in Latin America have
brave men and women of the Nicara-
dream of democracy can only be
watched these historic events unfold
guan opposition were just beginning
pushed back a little, only be de-
with inspiration and awe. But also, I
the long campaign that led to this
ferred-it will never be destroyed.
know, with an unmistakable sense of
year's great victory for democracy.
As we in the United States
anxiety [and] concern that our active
In Central America: Nicaragua
welcome our Central and South
involvement in Europe will mean a
and Panama; in South America:
American neighbors into the ranks of
decline in US interest in Latin
Paraguay and Chile, all across the
democracy, we must offer them our
America.
Americas, today more people live
under freely elected governments
than ever before, and we are closer
help and something more; we must
Peruvian economist Hernando de
In Chile, with an overall growth rate
offer them our respect, the respect
Soto describes the maze of bureau-
of 10%, US exports increased by
due one free nation from another, and
cratic barriers that stood in the way
triple that rate-more than 30
the outstretched hand of partnership.
of the entrepreneur and stifled
percentage points.
I have been working to
economic growth in his country. De
The most effective way to ensure
strengthen our ties. Just this year
Soto also shows how much Lima,
expansion of trade between the
alone, I have met with Presidents
Peru's capital, owed its economic
United States and Latin America is
Barco [Colombia], Paz [Bolivia], and
vitality to what he calls the "informal
for all countries of the hemisphere to
Garcia [Peru], at the Andean drug
sector"-the thousands of independ-
support a successful Uruguay Round.
summit in Cartagena
Here
in
ent and enterprising individuals
The ambitious agenda in the Uruguay
Washington, I have hosted Presi-
doing business without the consent of
Round, including proposals for
dents Perez [Venezuela], Paz Zam-
the State.
significant multilateral tariff reduc-
ora, Cristiani [El Salvador] and
De Soto's prescription-and
tions, will benefit our Latin American
Endara [Panama], Collor de Mello
mine-is to free this economic force:
trading partners. We are committed
[Brazil], Calderon [Costa Rica], and
unleash the million sparks of energy
to the expansion of trade and invest-
Callejas [Honduras], and Prime
and enterprise; let the incentive of
ment liberalization, and we seek
Minister Manley [Jamaica]. In each
reward inspire men and women to
Latin American support for these
case, I have come away from our
work to better themselves and their
very important objectives. In addi-
talks with a strong sense of optimism.
families.
tion, the strengthened debt strategy
And I believe every one of those
Already, Latin America is discov-
launched last spring has reinvigor-
leaders left the White House knowing
ering this path. In Brazil and Bolivia,
ated market-oriented economies and
that the United States is engaged as
in Argentina, Venezuela, Mexico,
reinvigorated the reforms in Latin
never before in the future of this
Costa Rica, and Jamaica-free
America. These economies help
hemisphere.
market reforms are going forward,
provide the needed foundation for
creating space for private initiative to
democracy itself.
Democracy and Development
take hold and flourish. As they
That's why I am so pleased to
succeed and as they reap the rewards
report on the progress we've made
While from country to country
that will follow this-I would say
this past year under the Brady plan.
conditions differ, we know now that
what will certainly be a painful
Mexico, Venezuela, and Costa Rica
our challenge is to consolidate
transition-these nations will bring
have all reached agreements with
democracy and accelerate develop-
others in their wake.
their creditors on ways to reduce
ment. That means advancing the
We in the United States must do
their debt; ways to complement their
intellectual revolution now sweeping
all we can to ensure the future of free
efforts to restructure their economies
Latin America, a movement away
markets in the Americas because our
along free-market lines. Because in
from stale, statist doctrines; away
nation has a stake in the economic
the long term, the free market
from dictatorships of the right and
health of this hemisphere. We know
remains the only path to sustained
left; toward democracy, free govern-
that since the late 1970s, Latin
growth.
ment, free enterprise; toward the
America's share of all US trade
true political and economic empower-
dropped from 10% of all US exports,
ment of the people.
Role of the Private Sector
down to 7%. And yet last year, for
That means encouraging, for the
the first time ever, two-way trade
We all know the private sector plays
first time in many cases, genuine free
between the United States and Latin
a crucial role. Taking advantage of
market reform. Even in countries
America topped $100 billion. As that
new investment opportunities is good
that claimed no kinship with commu-
trade continues to grow, S0 will the
for business, but at this critical
nism, true free enterprise did not
link between our prosperity and the
moment there is something beyond
exist. In practice, economies were
prosperity of our Latin American
the bottom line; something that
often organized to ensure the pros-
partners.
cannot be measured simply in terms
perity of the people in power-not to
Let me provide a few statistics to
of GNP. The role the Council of the
open an avenue toward upward
drive home this point: Last year, the
Americas can play-expanding trade
mobility for anyone ready and willing
Colombian economy grew 3%; US
and strengthening the private
to work.
exports to Colombia rose 9%. Mex-
ico's economy grew 3%, and US
exports to that country climbed 21%.
2
sector-contributes not only just to
in your hands. Do the work of
way the Sandinistas had politicized
economic growth but to the growth of
democracy-and pass this emergency
the schools. Today, Mr. Cisneros is
democracy itself.
aid package now.
minister of education.
Now, there is an important role
for government to play as well-
And on July 10, 1988, opposition
Personal Stories of Freedom
especially during the difficult days of
leader Myriam Arguello was beaten,
transition from dictatorship to
Today, I began by speaking about the
taken from her home in the middle of
democracy. That's why I have called
changes that have riveted world
the night by Sandinista police, tried,
on Congress to provide $800 million
attention on Europe. Part of the
and sentenced to 6 months in prison.
in emergency economic aid to Pan-
power of the story is that it can be
Today, Myriam Arguello is president
ama and Nicaragua. We have a big
told in intensely personal terms, as
of Nicaragua's freely elected national
stake in this. This aid is critical. A
the story of the dissident playwright
assembly.
little over a week ago, I received a
who is now president or of the
These three stories underscore in
letter from President [Violeta]
electrician who came to symbolize his
personal terms the truly revolution-
Chamorro-just weeks into her term
people's hopes for freedom. Democ-
ary political change that has taken
in office-telling me that Nicaragua
racy's advance in Latin America has
place not just in Nicaragua but across
was bankrupt. And yet, for more
produced its share of heroes-and
the Americas, change that proves
than 2 months now, this emergency
today I will close with three from one
beyond doubt that the day of the
aid has been bogged down on Capitol
country alone, Latin America's
dictator is over and democracy's day
Hill. To give you an idea of the
newest democracy, Nicaragua.
has come.
magnitude of this problem, in March,
For 4 years, beginning in 1979,
For our part, we in the United
I requested $800 million for Panama
and Nicaragua, asking that this bill
the year the Sandinistas took power,
States must do all we can to help
Enrique Dreyfus was head of Nicara-
secure for all the Americas the free-
be finished April 5. It is now May 22,
gua's supreme council of private
dom, the peace, and prosperity we
and the funds for Panama and Nicara-
gua have been reduced by $80
enterprise-a private-sector group in
enjoy. Please keep up-more than
million-even though $1.4 billion in
many ways similar to this one. His
ever-your important work in
criticism of Sandinista rule put him
guaranteeing that democracy suc-
extra spending has been added.
on the Sandinista black list and
ceeds in this precious hemisphere of
Finally, it appears the Congress
landed him in prison. Today, with the
ours.
may act this week on this vital
measure. For the people of Nicara-
Sandinistas swept from power,
Published by the United States Department
gua and Panama democracy hangs in
Enrique Dreyfus is not just free from
of State
Bureau of Public Affairs
Office
the balance. So let me say to the
persecution-he is Nicaragua's new
of Public Communication
Washington, DC
foreign minister.
June 1990
Editor: Susan Holly
This
Congress: The fate of freedom rests
material is in the public domain and may be
In 1985, members of the Sandin-
reprinted without permission; citation of this
ista internal security force beat
source is appreciated.
Sofonias Cisneros for criticizing the
3
Lawrence S. Eagleburger
Current
Policy
An Agenda to Promote
No. 1283
Inter-American Cooperation
United States Department of State
Bureau of Public Affairs
Washington, DC
Following is an address by Deputy
bursts that, as in 1830 and 1848, occa-
Western Hemisphere can justly take
Secretary Lawrence S. Eagleburger
sionally have punctuated the course
pride in having launched the epochal
before the General Assembly of the
of human events. But there is a dif-
worldwide transition from dictator-
Organization of American States in
ference: the revolution underway
ship to democracy, first in Argentina,
Asuncion, Paraguay, June 5, 1990.
today, for the first time in history, is
Brazil, Bolivia, and Ecuador, and
occurring on a truly global scale.
lately in Chile, Panama, and Nicara-
Let me begin by expressing my
This global revolution has one
gua. Think of the open wounds that
sincere appreciation and praise to you
universal and defining feature: the
still festered in our midst when this
[the assembly president, Paraguayan
democratic form of government has
assembly last met only 7 months ago,
Foreign Minister Luis Argaño] and
come to be recognized as the embodi-
and you will realize how far we have
your government. Appreciation for
ment of political legitimacy. It is not
traveled toward achieving an un-
your generous hospitality and for the
a revolution that has been imposed
precedented degree of mutual respect
highest standards that have charac-
from without; rather, the democratic
and common purpose among the
terized the organization of this
idea has become irresistible precisely
nations of this hemisphere.
assembly. Praise for your country's
because it is now an indigenous force
The attention of the world has
struggle to realize democracy's full
the world over, from Poland to
been drawn in the last year to a
promise. Please convey to President
Paraguay, and from China to Chile.
similar transformation in Eastern
[Andres] Rodriguez our deep respect
It has not triumphed everywhere, to
Europe. I know that many in Latin
and support.
be sure; not all men and women today
America wonder whether we have
This, the 100th anniversary of the
live under freedom and democracy.
become unduly preoccupied with the
Inter-American system, is a historic
But we have reached the point where
revolutionary saga now unfolding in
occasion that comes at a time of revo-
all are demanding to live under
the old world. Yet it should be
lutionary change throughout the
freedom and democracy as their
remembered that the United States
world. We find ourselves in the midst
God-given right. Democracy's
has been deeply involved in Euro-
of one of those revolutionary out-
ideological foes, on the left and the
right, have been discredited. The
political and economic systems they
fashioned stand today in ruins. The
pean affairs for the last 50 years. We
building blocks of economic integra-
triumphing, we face-all of us in this
have been SO engaged because it was
tion and interdependence-trade and
hemisphere face-the monumental
there that two systems and two mili-
investment.
challenge of making those ideals work
tary alliances stood poised on the
The facts speak for themselves.
in practice. For the first time,
brink of conflict and where the fate of
Any concern about where US inter-
working in partnership with one
humanity hung in the balance. I
ests and attention lie must be
another and through the Organization
know that our friends in this hemi-
weighed against the fact that our
of American States [OAS], we, the
sphere will understand and support
two-way annual trade with Latin
nations of the Americas, have a
our continued engagement in Europe
America today exceeds $100 billion,
unique opportunity to fashion a
to assure that the Cold War is
and that US investment in the region
diplomacy among democracies in
brought to a peaceful and successful
is in excess of $50 billion. In a
pursuit of the consolidation of democ-
conclusion. Surely this is a responsi-
hemisphere in which we have been
racy. The revolutionary changes
bility we must bear, not only on our
engaged, through this organization,
through which we are passing will
own behalf, but in the broader and
for 100 years, it is simply inconceiv-
require more, not less, of this organi-
common interest of all mankind.
able that we would turn our backs on
zation.
our fellow American states. It is
The framers of the OAS Charter
The Twin Revolutions
equally inconceivable that five
were forward-looking and visionary.
nations in the heart of Europe could
Our charter is not a timid document
The United States has another,
substitute, in our minds, in our com-
committed to the status quo. If we
equally compelling responsibility-
mercial, political, and security
are true to its purposes and to our
and that is a responsibility to what
relationships and, indeed, in our
vast potential as a regional commu-
[Bolivian] President [Jaime] Paz
sympathies, for our many friends in
nity, we will endeavor together:
Zamora SO movingly described
this hemisphere.
yesterday as our common home, "El
There is, however, another factor
to forge our rightful and pro-
Hogar de las Americas." We are,
at work today that, although imper-
gressive policy in a world liberated
first and foremost, citizens of the
from the authoritarian state and the
ceptible to most observers, already
Americas, and we fully recognize the
has begun to transform the nature of
command economy, taking advantage
significance of the fact that, as
the relationship between my country
of increasing global interdependence
President Paz noted, two revolutions
and the nations and peoples of the
and competition for markets.
have taken place in Latin America,
Americas. For what the United
to address the underlying
one political and one economic. The
States is seeking to accomplish in
causes of outstanding conflicts and
conversion of almost the entire
Europe today and what, I am confi-
defeat new threats to peace, such as
hemisphere to representative gov-
dent, we will accomplish, is really the
those created by the traffic in illicit
ernment and to the principles of
closing of an old chapter. It needs to
drugs; and
rational economic management opens
be recognized that if we are success-
up the possibility of closer ties than
to cooperate to preserve the
ful in this endeavor to end the Cold
we have ever enjoyed between
natural resources of this hemisphere.
War once and for all, we will have
ourselves and our Latin neighbors. It
opened a new chapter in foreign
is no accident that President Bush,
policy of the United States, one in
An Agenda for the Future
whose keen interest in Latin America
which our attention and our energies
is a secret to no one, asked Ambassa-
One hundred and two years ago, US
inevitably will be drawn toward
Secretary of State [James] Blaine
dor [Carla] Hills to represent him at
building, in partnership, a Western
issued a call for an inter-American
this historic gathering. The world
Hemisphere of freedom, peace, prog-
into which we are moving is one in
Congress and declared the willing-
ress, and prosperity.
ness of the United States to "enter
which national security will be
Ladies and gentlemen, the ties
defined less in terms of military
into the deliberations of the Congress
that bind my country to the nations of
with the loyal determination to
strength than in terms of economic
this hemisphere-ties of history, ge-
approach any proposed solution
as
well-being. Increasingly, the weap-
ography, and natural affinity-are
ons of war will give way to the
a single member among many co-
great indeed. For more than 200
ordinate and co-equal states." At
years, we have been the champions—
imperfect champions-of democracy.
Now that our democratic ideals are
2
that first Inter-American Conference,
toward this request will be signifi-
the United States made eight propos-
American Human Rights Commission
cantly affected by our success in
als. To mark that historic occasion, I
as a pioneering organization. It is a
developing a new quota system.
would like today to propose a new
well-established, experienced, and
agenda of eight points with the hope
Second, the consolidation of
unique body, rightfully called the
that together we may open a new
democracy must be at the top of our
"conscience of the Americas." The
century of inter-American progress.
agenda.
United States encourages the com-
The great democratic revolution
mission to expand its activities to
First, we should recommit our-
that is sweeping across the Americas
include technical assistance and
selves to the OAS as the natural
has created, fortuitously, the condi-
training.
forum for hemispheric dialogue.
tions under which we can begin to act
The hemisphere is stirring with
Fourth, we must unleash the
new life. The OAS must harness its
as a community that is both sovereign
hemisphere's economic potential.
and democratic and, thereby, tran-
energy, broaden its scope, and
The triumph of democracy has
deepen its impact. Already, the OAS
scend over time an issue that long has
handed us a unique and historical
driven this hemisphere and this or-
is showing new strength and demon-
ganization. Building on the OAS
opportunity to reduce longstanding
strating its great potential. Secre-
political and security challenges in
Charter's call for a "land of liberty,"
tary General [João] Baena Soares is
this hemisphere to manageable
leading a critical OAS contribution to
we can create a "system of liberty."
challenges of an economic nature.
We can, in short, now develop sys-
the delicate equilibrium of peace,
We must not squander this opportu-
tematic means of ensuring democ-
national reconciliation, and demobili-
nity, and risk seeing the re-emer-
zation in Nicaragua. The CICAD
racy's future in the fullest conformity
with the hallowed principles of this
gence of old security challenges by
(OAS Drug Abuse Control Commis-
allowing the economic problems that
organization.
sion) is in the vanguard of interna-
brought down Marxists and dictators
We are on the right track. The
tional efforts to combat the traffic in
to undermine the stability of their
OAS observation mission in Nicara-
illicit drugs. The Inter-American
democratic successors. Our new
gua made an invaluable contribution
Commission on Human Rights is
democratic order will be blessed with
to a peaceful, democratic transition.
forging a new regional consciousness.
peace and stability only if the fruits of
It demonstrated the organization's ef-
For a decade, however, the OAS
fectiveness, the dedication of its
democracy-growth deriving from a
has been hamstrung by lack of
free market economy-are available
personnel, and the competence and
to all.
resources. Many members, including
vision of its leadership.
the United States, have fallen behind
Today, we in the OAS cannot be
In just six months, the Uruguay
in their payments. Last year the
indifferent or settle for halfway
Round of the GATT [General Agree-
Secretariat was forced to release
ment on Tariffs and Trade] will con-
measures when our Haitian brothers
almost one-third of all personnel. The
clude. We must continue to more
OAS has become dependent on
and sisters are asking for our help.
We must do everything we can to
toward more open and liberal trading
special voluntary contributions even
practices. The cost of economic
heed Haiti's call for electoral assis-
to support peace in Central America.
autarky is isolation, stagnation, and
tance. To aid responses in such cases,
This General Assembly has the
the United States supports the Can-
decline. Wide-ranging participation
duty of developing a consensus on a
in the global economy does not
adian initiative urging the Secretary
new quota system that will distribute
General to create a permanent
exclude greater regional integration.
the organization's costs equitably.
Our objective must be to increase
institutional mechanism to coordinate
For my part, I can inform you that
trade among ourselves even as we
OAS support for democracy.
the United States shortly will pay
work together to open up trade op-
more than $20 million to the OAS.
Third, human rights must remain
portunities throughout the world.
With other US payments this year,
at the core of our cooperative efforts.
We in the United States applaud
this means that the Secretariat will
At its 30th anniversary last year,
the courageous efforts underway
have the money it needs to work
Secretary Baker saluted the Inter-
throughout the region to increase
more effectively for us all. For Fiscal
Latin America's global competitive-
Year 1991, President Bush has
ness. We believe the hemisphere
requested the money to begin paying
cannot afford to lag behind the free-
US arrearages as well as the full US
market revolution if it is to survive
assessment. Congressional attitudes
and to flourish economically in a
3
world where competition for capital is
Sixth, we must ensure that we
Eighth, we must find in ourselves
growing more intense. For our part,
bequeath to future generations a
the impartiality and constancy that
we pledge to redouble our efforts to
hemisphere that can sustain human
are essential to the peaceful resolu-
confront and defeat protectionist
life - our children's lives.
tion of conflicts.
pressures in our country. We will not
Exploiting nature is necessary to
From the earliest inter-American
counsel freer trade in the Americas
mankind's progress; preserving
plan for arbitration to today's OAS
while permitting new barriers to
nature is necessary to mankind's
efforts in support of national recon-
trade to arise in the United States.
survival. We have a common stake in
ciliation in Nicaragua, the need for
Fifth, we must commit ourselves
the prudent use of our environmental
active, collective involvement in the
firmly to the rule of law. I am
assets-air, water, plant, and animal
making of peace has been an essential
referring here not only to this organi-
life. As with the war on drugs, no one
and widely accepted purpose of our
zation's traditional stance against the
nation can defend the earth in isola-
cooperation.
governmental abuse of freedom but,
tion.
Recently, OAS support of the
more particularly, to the emergence
The United States believes this
Central American peace process has
of transnational threats to our
General Assembly should use the
deserved our full support. OAS work
democratic form of government and
Secretariat's proposal on an "Inter-
in Nicaragua, first on elections and
to our national sovereignty. Clearly,
American System for Nature Conser-
now on national reconciliation, is
the most immediate threat to the rule
vation" to develop an action program
making clear the links between peace,
of law today comes from the drug
by the next General Assembly. The
democracy, and development. We
cartels. When we contemplate the
OAS clearly has a vital role to play in
call upon other members of this body
great toll in human lives and the
the environmental arena. We recog-
to join us in making voluntary
frontal assault on the rule of law
nize that this issue is particularly
contributions to support the OAS in
carried out daily by the drug cartels,
sensitive. Therefore, we ought to be
Nicaragua, and we urge OAS mem-
we should rise as one in indignation.
examining ways in which we can
bers to contribute to the Donors'
And we should rise in homage to the
address those sensitivities and do
Conference on Nicaragua that starts
people of Colombia who last week
whatever is in our power to preserve
in Rome tomorrow [June 6, 1990].
again defied the cartels to elect a new
the patrimony of generations yet to
We express our gratitude to the
president in free, multi-party elec-
come.
Secretary General for his leadership
tions.
Seventh, we must make the
and urge him to intensify his efforts
In February, the summit attended
substantial investments in education
in El Salvador to promote peace on
by the presidents of Bolivia, Colom-
needed to support democracy and
the basis of constitutional democracy,
bia, Peru, and the United States gave
human development.
impartial justice, and full respect for
birth to a powerful new anti-drug
Education is clearly a matter that
human rights.
consensus. In April, the CICAD
is closely linked to the hemisphere's
It is important to note as well that
brought together attorneys general
economic future and the viability of
ONUCA [United Nations Peacekeep-
and ministers from throughout the
its democratic institutions. Last
ing Force in Central America] is pro-
hemisphere to press for ratification of
year, here in Asuncion, ministers of
viding a stabilizing external presence
the 1988 UN Anti-Narcotics Treaty
education discussed informatics
today without which the joint efforts
and approve model legislation to
[information science] as an educa-
of the OAS and the UN in Nicaragua
control chemicals and machines used
tional tool. We believe that the
would be jeopardized. We are
in the manufacture of cocaine. Last
Secretariat for Education, Science,
pleased that Venezuela, a member of
week, CICAD developed the first
and Culture should take advantage of
the OAS, is contributing a reinforced
international program of action for
its regional outlook and multilateral
battalion to ONUCA. At the same
education to prevent drug abuse.
experience to propose a strategy for
time, we note the absence of contri-
The United States supports
enhanced cooperation.
butions by member countries through
CICAD's vital work, including its
the OAS as such. My government
new experts group to develop model
does not have a specific proposal but
legislation to stop money laundering
would welcome a review of how we
and to seize illegal assets.
might most effectively utilize existing
OAS institutions, such as the Inter-
4
American Defense Board and the
to democracy, our governments are
Inter-American Defense College, in
democracy work. We in the United
developing a working partnership.
States believe that our national well-
ways supportive of peace and democ-
Partners approach each other freely
being is linked to the successful
racy in the hemisphere.
and as equals, with mutual respect.
consolidation of democracy and the
Partners look to fix problems, not to
emergence of genuine prosperity
A Call to Action
affix blame. Partners accept the
throughout Latin America. we
The late president of Colombia and
notion of co-responsibility. And when
believe that through our collective
secretary general of the OAS, Al-
they disagree, they air their dialogue
efforts we can defeat the threats to
openly.
berto Lleras Camargo, said of the
democracy-drugs, debt and under-
OAS in 1954 that, "It is what the
A heavy responsibility weighs
development. We can do so, above
upon this generation in the Americas.
member governments want it to be
all, by tapping fully the great poten-
and nothing else the weaknesses
The dreams and aspirations of our
tial of our unique hemispheric asset,
of the organization, if it has them, are
forefathers for a hemisphere united
our privileged forum for dialogue,
in a universal commitment to democ-
weaknesses of the governments;
cooperation, and collective action-
weakness in their capacity to act in
racy are finally on the verge of being
the Organization of American
realized. But history is no friend of
coordination and jointly with each
States.
the status quo; our democratic
other. The strength of the organiza-
triumph will be short-lived if we do
tion, when it is evident, lies precisely
Published by the United States Department
not meet the challenge now of making
of State
in the action of the governments."
Bureau of Public Affairs
Office
of Public Communication
Editor: Jim
United by the practical commitment
Pinkelman
Washington, DC
June 1990
This material is in the public domain and may
be reprinted without permission; citation of
this source is appreciated.
5
President Bush
Current
Policy
Enterprise for the
1288
Americas Initiative
United States Department of State
Bureau of Public Affairs
Washington, DC
Following are remarks by President
are now looking to the power of the free
the Caribbean as a whole. I asked
Bush before administration officials and
market to help this hemisphere realize its
Treasury Secretary Brady to lead a
members of the business community,
untapped potential for progress. A new
review of US economic policy toward this
Washington, DC, June 27, 1990.
leadership has emerged backed by the
vital region, to make a fresh assessment
strength of the peoples' mandate-
of the problems and opportunities we'll
Thank you all very much for coming to
leadership that understands that the
encounter in the decade ahead. That
the White House. It is my pleasure to
future of Latin America lies with free
review is now complete, and the results
welcome so many distinguished guests
government and free markets. In the
are in. And the need for new economic
with such strong interests in the vital
words of Colombia's courageous leader,
initiatives is clear and compelling.
Latin American and Caribbean region.
Virgilio Barco-President Barco: "The
All signs point to the fact that we
In the past 12 months everyone of us,
long-running match between Karl Marx
must shift the focus of our economic inter-
from the men in the White House to the
and Adam Smith is finally coming to an
action toward a new economic partner-
man on the street has been fascinated by
end" with the "recognition that open
ship because prosperity in our hemi-
the tremendous changes, the positive
economies with access to markets can
sphere depends on trade, not aid. I've
changes taking place around the world.
lead to social progress."
asked you here today to share with you
Freedom has made great gains, not just in
For the United States, these are
some of the ideas, some of the ways we
Eastern Europe, but right here in the
welcome developments-developments
can build a broad-based partnership for
Americas. We've seen a resurgence of
that we're eager to support. But we
the 1990s-to announce the new Enter-
democratic rule, a rising tide of democ-
recognize that each nation in the region
prise for the Americas Initiative that
racy never before witnessed in the
must make its own choices. There is no
creates incentives to reinforce Latin
history of this beloved hemisphere. And
blueprint, no one size fits all approaches
America's growing recognition that free
with one exception, Cuba, the transition
to reform. The primary responsibility for
market reform is the key to sustained
to democracy is moving toward comple-
achieving economic growth lies with each
growth and political stability.
tion. We can all sense the excitement
individual country. Our challenge in this
The three pillars of our new initiative
that the day is not far off when Cuba joins
country is to respond in ways that sup-
are trade, investment, and debt. To
the ranks of world democracies and
port the positive changes now taking
expand trade, I propose that we begin the
makes the Americas fully free.
place in the hemisphere. We must forge a
process of creating a hemisphere-wide
With one exception, that's the case.
genuine partnership for free market
free trade zone; to increase investment
But the political transformation sweeping
reform.
that we adopt measures to create a new
the rest of Latin America and the Carib-
Back in February, I met in Cartagena
flow of capital into the region; and to
bean has its parallel in the economic
[Colombia] with heads of the three
further ease the debt-the burden of
sphere. Throughout the region, nations
Andean nations. And I came away from
debt-a new approach to debt in the
are turning away from the statist
that meeting convinced that the United
region with important benefits for our
economic policies that stifle growth and
States must review its approach not only
environment.
to that region but to Latin America and
Trade
free trade overnight; changes so far-
through, and the wait for a new telephone
In the 1980s, trade within our hemisphere
reaching may take years of preparation
line can be as long as 5 years-and that's
trailed the overall pace of growth in world
and tough negotiations. But the payoff in
got to change.
trade. One principal reason for that:
terms of prosperity is worth every effort.
Investment reform is essential to
over-restrictive trade barriers that wall
And now is the time to make a compre-
make it easier to start new business ven-
off the economies of our region from each
hensive free trade zone for the Americas
tures and make it possible for interna-
other, and from the United States, at
our long-term goal.
tional investors to participate and profit
great cost to us all. These barriers are
And third, I understand that some
in Latin American markets. In order to
the legacy of the misguided notion that a
countries aren't yet ready to take that
create incentives for investment reform,
nation's economy needs protection in
dramatic step to a full free trade agree-
the United States is prepared to take the
order to thrive. The great economic
ment. And that's why we're prepared to
following steps:
lesson of this century is that protection-
negotiate with any interested nation in
ism still stifles progress, and free markets
the region bilateral framework agree-
First, the United States will work
breed prosperity. To this end, we've
ments to open markets and develop closer
with the Inter-American Development
formulated a three-point trade plan to en-
trade ties. Such agreements already exist
Bank (IDB) to create a new lending
with Mexico and Bolivia. Framework
program for nations that take significant
courage the emerging trend toward free
market reform and that is now gathering
agreements will enable us to move
steps to remove impediments to interna-
tional investment. The World Bank could
forces in the Americas.
also contribute to this effort; and
First, as we enter the final months of
Second, we propose the creation of a
the current Uruguay Round of the world
new investment fund for the Americas.
trade talks, I pledge close cooperation
A new leadership has
This fund, administered by the IDB, could
with the nations of this hemisphere. The
emerged, backed by the
provide up to $300 million a year in grants
successful completion of the Uruguay
in response to market-oriented invest-
Round remains the most effective way of
strength of the peoples' man-
ment reforms in progress in privatization.
promoting long-term trade growth in
date-leadership that under-
The United States intends to contrib-
Latin America and the increased integra-
stands that the future of
ute $100 million to the fund, and we will
tion of Latin nations into the overall
global trading system. Our aim in the
Latin America lies with free
seek matching contributions from Europe
and Japan. But in order to create an
Uruguay Round is free and fair trade.
Through these talks, we are seeking
government and free
attractive climate for new investment, we
to strengthen existing trade rules and to
markets.
must build on our successful efforts to
ease the debt burden. That's the third
expand them to areas that do not now
pillar of this new Enterprise for the
have agreed rules of fair play. To show
Americas initiative.
our commitment to our neighbors in Latin
America and the Caribbean, we will seek
deeper tariff reductions in this round on
forward on a step-by-step basis to
Easing the Debt Burden
products of special interest to them.
eliminate counterproductive barriers to
Second, we must build on the trend
trade and toward our ultimate goal of free
Many nations have already undertaken
trade. And that's a prescription for
painful economic reforms for the sake of
we see toward free markets and make our
ultimate aim a free trade system that
greater growth and a higher standard of
future growth. But the investment
links all of the Americas-North, Central,
living in Latin America and, right here at
climate remains clouded, weighted down
and South. We look forward to the day
home, a new market for American
by the heavy debt burden. Under the
when not only are the Americas the first
products and more jobs for American
Brady plan, we are making significant
fully free democratic hemisphere, but
workers.
progress. The agreements reached with
when all are equal partners in a free trade
Promoting free trade is just one of
Mexico and Costa Rica and Venezuela are
zone stretching from the port of Anchor-
three key elements in our new Enterprise
already having a positive impact on
investment in those countries.
age to the Tierra del Fuego.
for the Americas Initiative. And our
I'm announcing today that the United
second pillar is increased investment.
Mexico, to take just one example, has
States stands ready to enter into free
already seen a reversal of the destructive
trade agreements with other markets in
capital flight that drained so many Latin
Latin America and the Caribbean,
Investment Reform
American nations of precious investment
particularly with groups of countries that
resources. That's critical. If we restore
The competition for capital today is fierce.
have associated for purposes of trade lib-
confidence, capital will follow.
And the key to increased investment is to
eralization. The first step in this process
be competitive, to turn around the condi-
As one means of expanding our debt
is the now-announced free trade agree-
strategy we propose that the IDB add its
tions that have discouraged both foreign
ment with Mexico.¹ We must all recog-
efforts and resources to those of the
and domestic investment, reduce the
nize that we won't bring down barriers to
International Monetary Fund (IMF) and
regulatory burden, clear away the thicket
the World Bank to support commercial
of bureaucratic barriers that choke off
bank debt reduction in Latin America and
'On June 11, 1990, Presidents Bush and
Latin America's aspiring entrepreneurs.
the Caribbean and, as in the case of World
Salinas endorsed the goal of a comprehensive
In one large Latin city, for instance, it
free trade agreement between the United
Bank and IMF, IDB funds should be
States and Mexico. The presidents have
takes almost 300 days to cut through the
directly linked to economic reform.
directed their trade ministers to undertake the
red tape to open a small garment shop. In
consultations and preperatory work needed to
another country, the average overseas
While the Brady plan has helped
nations reduce commercial bank debt for
initiate such negotiations and to report back to
caller has to make five phone calls to get
them before the two presidents' next meeting
nations with high levels of official debt-
in December 1990.
debt owed to governments rather than
2
private financial institution-the burden
Debt-for-nature swaps are one
remains heavy. And today, across Latin
indeed, as we talk with the leaders of the
example-patterned after the innovative
America, official debt owed to the US
G-24 about the emerging democracies in
agreements reached by some Latin
Government amounts to nearly $12
Europe-I've been talking to them also
American nations and their commercial
billion, with $7 billion of that amount in
about their supporting democracy and
creditors. We will also call for the
concessional loans. In many cases, the
economic freedom in Central America.
creation of environmental trusts, where
heaviest official debt burdens fall on some
Our aim is a closer partnership between
interest payments owed on restructured
of the region's smallest nations-
the Americas and our friends in Europe
US debt will be paid in local currency and
and in Asia.
countries like Honduras and El Salvador
set aside to fund environmental projects
and Jamaica.
Two years from now, our hemisphere
in the debtor countries.
That's a problem we must address
will celebrate the 500th anniversary of an
These innovative agreements offer a
today. As the key component in address-
epic event, Columbus' discovery of Amer-
powerful new tool for preserving the
ing the region's debt problem, I am
ica, our New World. And we trace our
natural wonders of this hemisphere that
proposing a major new initiative to
origins, our shared history to the time of
we share. From the vistas of the un-
reduce Latin America's and the Carib-
Columbus' voyage and the courageous
spoiled Arctic, to the beauties of the
bean's official debt to the United States
quest for the advancement of man.
barrier reef off Belize, to the rich rain for-
for countries that adopt strong economic
Today, the bonds of our common heritage
ests of the Amazons, we must protect this
and investment reform programs with the
are strengthened by the love of freedom
living legacy that we hold in trust. For an
support of international institutions.
and a common commitment to democracy.
increasing number of our neighbors, the
Our debt reduction program will deal
Our challenge, the challenge in this new
need for free market reform is clear.
separately with concessional and commer-
era of the Americas is to secure this
These nations need economic breathing
cial types of loans. On the concessional
shared dream and all its fruits for all the
room to enact bold reforms. And this
debt, loans made from aid or food for
people of the Americas-North, Central,
official debt initiative is one answer. A
and South.
peace accounts, we will propose substan-
way out from under the crushing burden
tial debt reductions for the most heavily
The comprehensive plan that I've just
of debt that slows the process of reform.
burdened countries. And we will also sell
outlined is proof positive the United
a portion of outstanding commercial loans
States is serious about forging a new
to facilitate these debt-for-equity and
Conclusion
partnership with our Latin American and
debt-for-nature swaps in countries that
Caribbean neighbors. We're ready to
I know there is some concern that the
have set up such programs.
play a constructive role at this critical
revolutionary changes we've witnessed
time to make ours the first fully free
this past year in Eastern Europe will
hemisphere in all of history.
Strengthening Environmental Policies
shift our attention away from Latin
America. But I want to assure all of you
These actions will be taken on a case-by-
here today, as I've assured many demo-
case basis. One measure of prosperity in
cratic leaders in Central and South
the most important long-term investment
America and the Caribbean, and Mexico,
Published by the United States Department
any nation can make is environmental
the United States will not lose sight of the
of State
Bureau of Public Affairs
Office
well-being. As part of our Enterprise for
tremendous challenges and opportunities
of Public Communication
Washington, DC
the Americas Initiative, we will take
right here in our own hemisphere. And
June 1990
Editor: Juanita Adams
This
action to strengthen environmental
material is in the public domain and may be
policies in this hemisphere.
reprinted without permission; citation of this
source is appreciated.
3
OPENING ADDRESS BY
LAWRENCE S. EAGLEBURGER,
DEPUTY SECRETARY OF STATE
at the Washington Conference of
The Council of the Americas
May 21, 1990
Ladies and Gentlemen, I am delighted to be here with you
this morning. I must confess, however, that I am somewhat
baffled at David Rockefeller's and George Landau's invitation
to appear before the Council of the Americas. I am, of course,
flattered that they would want to hear about new and
invigorated U.S. policy directions in Latin America from a Cold
Warrior in a wheel chair. On the other hand, I do not believe
they expected me to give my usual stump speech -- no pun
intended -- on Eastern Europe. I suppose the Council felt they
needed to beef up, as it were, their lineup of speakers, since
you otherwise would be hearing only from Bob Mosbacher, Alan
Greenspan, and the President -- not to mention Assistant
Secretary Aronson, who will speak next, and whom I see has
modestly assigned himself the task of discussing "U.S.
Relations with the Western Hemisphere."
That may not leave much ground for me to cover, but in all
seriousness, while it is true that I have been busy with the
job of coordinating U.S. assistance to Eastern Europe, I have
also devoted a good deal of attention to hemispheric affairs.
I will, for example, hobble off to Paraguay in early June to
attend the annual session of the OAS General Assembly. I care
deeply about U.S. relations with Latin America, and very much
believe that those relations will grow ever more important to
us in the years ahead.
I have been asked to say a few words to you about how the
Administration views Latin America in a global context,
especially in light of the revolutionary changes that have been
occurring in Europe and elsewhere over the past year. It will
come as no surprise to you for me to say that American foreign
policy has been largely focused over the past year on events in
Eastern and Western Europe. The prospect of ending the Cold
War is, quite simply, of immediate and overriding strategic
importance to the United States. Europe is where we have
fought two great wars in this century, and where we have stood
face to face with the Soviet Union on the brink of
thermonuclear war for the past four decades and more.
It is, therefore, only natural that we should spend
considerable energy in the near term on creating a new and
stable security order in Europe -- a new order that will,
hopefully, keep the peace there for generations to come. And
part of that effort, quite obviously, entails doing all that we
can to make the transition to democracy and free markets in
Eastern Europe a successful one. We do not want to win the
Cold War only to lose out in the perennial struggle to prevent
Eastern Europe from becoming once again an unstable power
vacuum and object of geopolitical rivalries.
At the same time, however, what we are attempting to
achieve in Europe today is in essence the closing of an old
chapter. The new chapter in our foreign relations which we are
about to open, while certainly not ignoring Europe, will be
qualitatively different in several respects.
First, assuming we are successful in closing that old
chapter, our foreign policy will be much less oriented towards
the East-West divide, which we hope, like the Berlin Wall which
symbolized it, will be consigned eventually to the dust-bin of
history. Second, the end of the Cold War should bring with it,
to the maximum extent possible, a "de-militarization" of
international relations. Military rivalry and the arms race
which fuels it ought to be supplanted by peaceful economic
competition.
No one has ever accused me of being a dewy-eyed optimist.
I have been warning for some time now that we need to be aware
that the decline of the Soviet threat could, if we are not
careful, diminish the commitment of the major Western nations
to the collaborative trade and economic policies which have
been so responsible for our peace and prosperity in the
post-war era. Our great achievement over the past year -- and
it is the culmination of forty-five years of American and
Western foreign policy -- has been to reach the point where
profound and intractable security challenges are well on the
road to being reduced to challenges of a political or an
economic nature. But we need to remember what the history
books tell us, which is that economic problems themselves can
contain the seeds of instability and potential conflict.
Thus, we cannot afford to rest on our laurels -- not in our
relations with our Western partners, where we will have to
avoid the kind of autarky, protectionism and regionalism which
prevailed in the 1930s; not in Eastern Europe, where we must
contribute to the emergence of strong and prosperous states
that will form a bulwark of stability; and not in Latin
America, which, as a result of the revolutionary transformation
in East-West relations is going to occupy a place of first
importance in American foreign policy as we approach the 21st
century.
- 3 -
This will be the case first of all because of strictly
"selfish" economic reasons. The fact of the matter is that, in
the post-Cold War era, our national security will be
increasingly a function of our economic well-being, which in
turn will be dependent on our international competitive
position in a more highly integrated world economy. Our trade
with Latin America, in short, will increasingly be seen as a
vital national interest. It is an interest, however, which
will continue to be threatened so long as the region remains
mired in debt, unable to buy our products or redeem liabilities
to U.S. financial institutions.
Second, we are witnessing the emergence of a host of
"transnational" issues and problems which pose direct threats
to our national well-being and security, and whose solution is
dependent on cooperation with our Latin American partners. I
am thinking not only of drugs but also of threats to the
environment in this hemisphere, as well as to unregulated
immigration flows.
Third, there is the undeniable fact that the population of
the United States is becoming more Latin and more
Latin-oriented. For all of our stake in peace and stability in
Europe, we know that our West European friends will have
primary responsibility for integrating the newly democratic
regimes in the East, whereas our energies will be increasingly
and inevitably drawn towards our own hemisphere -- an area
which is a natural place for U.S. economic cooperation.
The point I made earlier about our success in an East-West
context of transforming security challenges into political and
economic ones, is no less true in this hemisphere, just as our
stake in preventing the re-emergence of old security challenges
here is no less great than it is in Europe. Certainly the
example of Panama and Nicaragua is a good one. When you think
of how much the United States has invested in treasure, lives,
and political capital over the past decade to obtain the
historic successes we have achieved in those two countries, it
boggles the mind that Congress continues to dilly dally as it
has in appropriating the modest but urgently needed funds to
consolidate the victory of democracy there.
My purpose today is not to bash the U.S. Congress --
although there are some in that body who deserve it. Nor is it
to focus on the ever-contentious Central American portfolio.
However, Panama and Nicaragua are, in an important sense,
metaphors for the kind of challenge we face throughout the
hemisphere, the challenge of making democracy work. A lot has
been made of the fact that the worldwide trend towards
democracy actually began in Latin America in the early 1980s,
- 4 -
and that, for perhaps the first time in history the entire
hemisphere -- with two notable exceptions -- is now in
democratic hands, and is united ideologically. We need to be
aware, however, that democracy will rest on fragile ground for
as long as the dire economic conditions which brought down
Marxism and dictators hang, like a sword of Damocles, over
their democratic successors.
In other words, our ideals have triumphed in Latin America
as in Eastern Europe, but those ideals will now be put to the
test. We believe that peace and stability will result from a
democratic world order, but only if the fruits of democracy --
growth deriving from a free market economy -- are available to
all. We are greatly encouraged that the political leadership
in Latin America -- in Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela,
Chile, Bolivia, and elsewhere -- is now committed to
privatization and wholesale economic reform. To the extent
that these reforms are fully implemented, we in the United
States are going to have to exercise an equally courageous
leadership of our own.
I am not here to unveil any kind of initiative today. But
it is clear that we are going to have to move in the direction
of opening up trade further in this hemisphere, and that will
mean fighting protectionist sentiment at home and abroad. We
will also have to move in ways that boost the flow and transfer
of investment and technology in the region. Lastly, building
on our current strategy, we will have to examine new and
creative approaches toward solving the debt problem.
Our ability to assist in the economic recovery of Latin
America will be directly related to the continued process of
meaningful economic reform. In this respect as well, Latin
America and Eastern Europe are not different. In the 1970's we
made the mistake in Eastern Europe of throwing money at the
region's problems. We will not make that mistake again; to do
so would only serve to postpone the implementation of reforms
which are as painful as they are necessary. As Carlos Menem
put it in April, if the debt burden were to disappear suddenly
and yet the economic policies of the past were to continue, "we
would continue in the same situation of unemployment and
disaster." Statist and protectionist pelicies must be fully
rolled back, and the door must be opened wide to the reciprocal
flow of trade and to the flow of investment. This is not a
prescription made in Washington; it is a fact of life. If the
door is not opened wide enough, it is certain that in a world
where competition for scarce capital is growing more intense,
investment will go elsewhere.
- 5 -
In conclusion, let me emphasize that while we are very much
preoccupied with bringing the Cold War to a successful
conclusion, we also recognize that Latin America must be a
priority for us in coming years. And yes, we do have serious
budget difficulties and our first duty in the wake of the Cold
War will be to put our own economic house in order. As I have
explained to you this morning, however, we realize that our
economic health, and, ultimately, our national security, will
be tied to the successful consolidation of democracy and the
emergence of genuine prosperity throughout Latin America. And
if, as I have indicated, trade, investment, and technology will
be the weapons of choice in our struggle for our ideals in this
hemisphere, then American business will clearly be called upon
to play a principal, if not the leading, role on our behalf.
A quick reference aid on U.S. foreign policy
qist
Debt and Growth in Latin
America and the Caribbean
Background
income debtor countries. These measures support policy
Latin America underwent a profound recession in the
changes needed for sustained growth and improved
1980s. After vigorous expansion in the 1970s, when annual
living standards for the people of Latin America and
per capita growth rates averaged 3.6%, per capita gross
the Caribbean.
domestic product (GDP) fell 8.3% between 1981 and 1989
(all 1989 figures are preliminary). These statistics, com-
Economic Stabilization
piled by the UN Economic Commission for Latin America
and Structural Adjustment
and the Caribbean, mask wide variations from country to
Debt problems have forced governments to realize that
country. Per capita GDP of oil-exporting countries
they cannot sustain large fiscal deficits indefinitely
declined more than 14% during the period; oil-importing
through excessive borrowing or monetary expansion.
countries generally experienced a cumulative decline of
Recognition is growing in Latin America that private
4.8%. Only Colombia, Chile, Barbados, and the Dominican
initiative and private savings and investment must be
Republic had positive per capita growth.
stimulated if there is to be hope for sustained growth. As
a consequence, most countries in the region now are
Debt-Related Problems
undertaking economic adjustment efforts supported by
Revitalization of growth in Latin America is complicated
international financial institutions and creditor countries,
by severe, debt-related problems. In 1989, Latin Amer-
including the US.
ica's external debt totaled more than $416 billion, about
In the last few years, many Latin American govern-
40% of the total indebtedness of all developing countries.
ments have begun to move away from the excessive
Interest payments alone absorbed some 30% of export
government control, market intervention, and import
earnings (this ratio would be higher except for substantial
substitution strategies that they have relied upon for
arrears built up by some countries).
decades. Most have moved to adopt more realistic
While debt is a serious problem and debt service a
exchange rates, expand exports, and cut inflation. Aver-
heavy burden to Latin American developing countries,
age regional inflation fell from an initial peak of 275% in
inappropriate domestic economic policies have been the
1985 to 65% in 1986, but recent dramatic surges in infla-
principal cause of constraints on economic growth and
tion in such countries as Argentina, Peru, and Brazil
development. Lack of confidence resulting from such
pushed the regional inflation rate to almost 1,000% in
policies as overvalued exchange rates, price controls,
1989.
wasteful government spending, and overregulation has
Of even greater importance for the longer term, many
dried up domestic savings and investment, discouraged
governments are beginning to lower structural barriers to
foreign investment, and led to huge capital flight in many
growth. They have taken steps to reduce price controls
countries. Total capital flight for Latin America is esti-
and subsidies, liberalize trade, attack overregulation and
mated conservatively to be in excess of $240 billion since
excessive bureaucratic controls, and improve the invest-
1977. Adverse external economic developments, espe-
ment climate, including removing some restrictions on
cially higher interest rates in the early 1980s and commod-
foreign private investment. For example, Chile, Mexico,
ity price fluctuations, aggravated the resulting deficits in
Costa Rica, and Jamaica have made great strides toward
the borrowing countries' balance of payments.
more market-oriented economies and more open trading
In March 1989, the US announced several proposals to
regimes. Bolivia, Colombia, Guatemala, Uruguay, and
strengthen the international debt strategy by encouraging
Dominica have undertaken impressive reforms. Vene-
voluntary, negotiated debt and debt service reduction as a
zuela, Paraguay, Trinidad and Tobago, El Salvador, and
complement to commercial bank lending, domestic and
Argentina have initiated similar adjustment efforts.
foreign investment, and return of flight capital in middle-
Several countries have recognized the heavy burden of
U.S. Department of State
Bureau of Public Affairs
March 1990
Office of Public Communication
inefficient and highly subsidized public enterprises that
The US is encouraging more market-based reform
siphon off domestic savings and often increase external
through bilateral and multilateral economic assistance,
indebtedness. Chile and Mexico, among other countries,
the strengthened debt strategy, and continued efforts to
have made important progress in transferring govern-
achieve open world markets. The US is by far the largest
ment-owned industries to private ownership.
contributor of development assistance to the region-
averaging more than $1 billion annually over the past few
International Efforts To Encourage Growth
years. The Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI) gives
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank
Central American and Caribbean countries improved US
provide financing to encourage new commercial debt
trade opportunities which have helped create many new
reduction agreements and to assist debtors in pursuing
jobs in those countries that have sound economic policies.
fundamental economic reform. Since 1986, the IMF has
The US Government has supported increases in World
established a compensatory and contingency financing
Bank and Inter-American Development Bank resources
facility to help countries maintain reform efforts in the
to advance economic adjustment and growth in the region
face of external economic shocks and two special facilities
and is seeking more open world markets through the
to support structural economic adjustment in low-income
Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations.
countries. The World Bank has assumed an increasingly
important role in stimulating sustainable economic
Further Information
growth in debtor countries through policy-based, fast-
For the origin of debt-related problems as well as US
disbursing loans.
policy regarding debt and growth, see the May 1989
Department of State Gist on "Third World Debt."
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United States Department of State
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OFFICIAL BUSINESS
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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE
Office of the Assistant Secretary/Spokesman
For Immediate Release
June 18, 1990
PRESS CONFERENCE BY
SECRETARY OF STATE JAMES A. BAKER, III
FOLLOWING MEETINGS WITH CENTRAL AMERICAN PRESIDENTS
Ramada Inn, Antigua, Guatemala
Monday, June 18, 1990
SECRETARY BAKER: Ladies and Gentlemen, I have a statement and
then I'll be delighted to respond to your questions.
As I said to the six Presidents this morning, they have
completed I think, an historic summit meeting, and it is a
symbol of the changes that are transforming this region. For
the first time in history, all of the Presidents attending their
summit have been democratically elected. Also, for the first
time, the principle subject for discussion is regional economic
development, not the resolution of conflicts. And, of course,
Panama is attending for the first time.
Here in Antigua, the Presidents have adopted a far-reaching
agenda for regional economic integration and development and we
congratulate them on this achievement. When President Bush took
office this was a region in crisis and many argued that the
United States faced only two choices -- accommodation to
dictatorship or disengagement.
President Bush instead has pursued a new regional policy with
four elements. First, support for the regional peace process
begun in Esquipulas. Secondly, enlisting the cooperation of the
Soviet Union to end the conflicts in this region. Third,
engaging our European allies and Japan in support of regional
democratization and development. And fourth, building a
bipartisan base in the United States for our policy toward
Central America.
We believe that this region has an historic opportunity today to
realize three goals: democracy, disarmament and development.
We also recognize that there are fears in Central America that
the United States and the industrial democracies will be
diverted by the changes in Eastern Europe and ignore this region
at this moment of historic opportunity.
I'm here today at the request of President Bush to make it very
clear that the United States will continue to be fully engaged
and fully supportive of this regional peace process. That's why
we are exploring with Japan, with the European community, Canada
and other industrial democracies, possible ways to achieve more
support for democracy and development in Central America. I
have discussed these proposals with the six Presidents and they
tell me that they welcome this effort. We will continue to
consult closely about the best way to proceed.
-2-
The bottom line, I think, is this -- Central America is poised
as never before to consolidate democracy, achieve lasting peace
and disarmament, and create the conditions for growth and
opportunity in which all of the peoples of this region,
particularly the poor, can share.
The United States wants to do everything that it can to help
this region's leaders seize this historic opportunity.
Any questions?
Q: An American official today said that he felt that the arms
levels in Central America were excessive and pointed to Costa
Rica as an example to be emulated in the future. I would like
to ask you Mr. Secretary, if you agree with that and if you
think that the help to be offered by the G-24 will have to be
preceded by cuts in both levels in armaments and troops in the
region?
SECRETARY BAKER: I would not anticipate that the G-24 would
expressly condition their willingness to support democracy,
disarmament and development, by requiring total disarmament in
advance. So I would not see that as an absolute pre-condition.
Costa Rica, of course, has a rich tradition of pursuing
democracy and freedom and disarmament and it is a tradition that
the United States has supported for many, many years in the past
and continues to support.
Remember, there are three goals: democracy, disarmament and
development. And in trying to encourage additional support from
the G-24, we would be trying to encourage support for all three
goals.
Q: I understand that the G-24 is not going to operate on the
basis of pre-conditioning, but there will be some kind of
ordering of assistance on the basis of pre-defined projects.
Isn't that right?
SECRETARY BAKER: Yes, and there will be as it appropriately
should be, conditionality with respect to G-24 efforts, just as
there is conditionality with respect to the efforts the G-24 has
made to support democracy and freedom in Eastern Europe. For
example, there were certain events in Romania here during the
course of the last several days which did not move in the
direction of respect for human rights, freedom and democracy.
And the G-24, at least for the time being, put on hold or
temporarily suspended its efforts with respect to Romania.
Q: In the past when the United States participated in efforts
of this kind it imposed a number of conditions, one of which was
the establishment of democratic regimes. I would like to ask in
this case, what requirements the United States intends to impose
in order for countries to get assistance and get it on a timely
basis, because the pressure of poverty and misery in the
countries at this time does not allow them to continue under the
present circumstances.
-3-
SECRETARY BAKER: First of all, if it was a cooperative effort
through the G-24, whatever conditions were imposed would be
imposed through the cooperative efforts of the G-24 countries
and not just the United States. But, secondly, the United
States conditions its assistance now on respect for human
rights, freedom, democratic traditions and we make no bones
about that. We're quite proud of that, because these are
principles that we believe very strongly in. Furthermore, we
believe these principles more and more are being adopted by
countries around the world, not just in Eastern Europe, not just
in Central America, but indeed in Africa and Asia as well.
Q: In order to cooperate in this disarmament effort is the
United States willing to reduce its military aid to El Salvador,
for instance, and the presence of its military advisors?
SECRETARY BAKER: Well, the United States only has 55 advisors
there and that's the same number we had, if I'm not mistaken,
when I first came to Washington with President Reagan in 1981.
But further to the point of your question -- the United States
is for the first time willing to condition its military
assistance to El Salvador and we are in the process of having
discussions with our Congress to that effect now. We should be
careful not to interpret that in the wrong way. There is a
major insurgency going on in El Salvador in which some are
seeking to reverse the results of the ballot box with bullets
and bayonets. That's not our idea of democracy and that's not
our idea of an approach to freedom.
Q: Mr. Secretary, you mentioned the Soviet Union and I would
like to ask you what might be the political and economic
contribution of the Soviet Union to the development of Central
America to which the United States and the other countries in
the G-24 are going to be contributing?
SECRETARY BAKER: Well, hopefully, the Soviet Union will stop
supporting regimes in this hemisphere that support attempts to
reverse decisions at the ballot box with bullets and bayonets,
as I said a moment ago. The Soviet Union has indicated to us
that they are prepared to do this, and so we hope that's one
contribution. We think it was a contribution with respect to
what happened in Nicaragua. We've had discussions with the
Soviet Union about the prospects of their continuing the
assistance to Nicaragua that they furnished during the period of
time of the Sandinista government. We make the point that it
would be nice to see them support a freely, democratically
elected government in this hemisphere since they themselves now
profess to support the idea of democratization. We'll see
whether or not they're able to do that although they've
indicated to us some prospect that they will be able to continue
some assistance to this freely elected democratic government in
NIcaragua.
Q: Thank you.
###
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
(Brasilia, Brazil)
For Immediate Release
December 3, 1990
REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT
TO BRAZILIAN BUSINESS COMMUNITY
Ambassador's Residence
Brasilia, Brazil
1:48 P.M. (L)
on introduction behalf of and for your hospitality, you and Peggy. your I seldom speak
THE PRESIDENT: Thank you, Ambassador, for
me hospitality salute at this luncheon, too. We're delighted to be for the
a group of Brazilian businessmen, but thanks
with Economy who is with us; the Minister of Agriculture
of the the Minister of Justice, Your Excellency; and the here. Minister Let
come us. from I just want to say thank you to all the guests, who who've is
Infrastructure who is here; and each and every one of you.
a long, long way. I want to salute the Minister some of the
I'm delighted to be here today, as was
business Mosbacher last spring, with some of this nation's most Secretary distinguished
nations relationship and our relationship with the rest of the trading
leaders to discuss very briefly our dynamic bilateral
Secretary of the Treasury, is with us here today.
of the world. I'm delighted that Secretary Brady, major our
vital the success to of your economy, the world's eighth largest, is
The success of this economy -- he and I agree on this --
with the well-being of all nations in the Americas. In talking truly
morning, "Brazil President Collor, I was impressed with his vision this
your President -- your able President -- my friend,
and Novo." He is determined that this great country will of grow a
prosper throughout the 90s. He believes that, with
nations. economy, Brazil will take its rightful place at the first a market table of
And I wholeheartedly share that view.
daunting task that awaits us. The construction of a of the
before a joint session of your Congress, and I spoke there speak
This morning, I was deeply honored to be able to
borne relationship for the whole Western Hemisphere. Our shared new economic
towards of the triumph of democracy in this hemisphere and is future directed is
America. expanding the economic opportunity of all the people in Latin
and the next, necessary steps: raising the standard of living
and of a community of the Americas, free of barriers to trade
a vision I call this initiative the "Enterprise for the Americas"
investment, and free of the burden of debt.
market trading partner. And we are excited at the prospect of a and
The United States is Brazil's largest investor
that is economy in Brazil. We recognize that it is the private growing
been, entrepreneurs, and your role in building a more open market in Brazil has
the locomotive for economic growth. As business leaders sector and
will be, a key part of our growing trade relationship.
Brazil there for the final negotiation of the Uruguay Round. The U.S. over
This week in Brussels, trade ministers are meeting
with agree on the need to phase out agricultural subsidies. and
success at the GATT in Brussels will represent new market
our progress on the other ambitious topics of the negotiation, Taken a
successful in this GATT round.
opportunities and more profits for Brazilians. We just have to be
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- 2 -
control has got to be lifted to unleash the creativity of
You, more than most, know that the dead hand of state
entrepreneurs and business leaders such as those represented
billion adapt to changing markets. The U.S. has already invested almost to
today; yourselves. And to give your businesses the flexibility here
can in this country, and Brazilians know what foreign investment $15
goods and services for your customers.
help produce: meaningful jobs for your workers and expanded
Initiative are already underway. The nations of Brazil, Americas
The first steps to implement the Enterprise for
agreement to make its principles a reality.
Uruguay, Paraguay and the United States are drafting now Argentina, a framework
I urge each and every one of you to stand with
Brazil And on the side of order and progress -- as the flag the of
support future. of this enterprise. To stand with us on the side of us in
reads -- and the changes to come.
a painful sound for many. But the long-term results -- a growing economy and and
In the short run, economic change will be difficult
quality of life for all the people of Brazil and, indeed, for the
currency -- will lead to new opportunities and a better
vision of economic growth for the "Brazil Novo."
rest of the hemisphere. That is what your President meant with his
In the 19th century, Brazilians declared their
as independence from the old world and founded their republic. And
and rediscovery. Brazilians have joined a move toward greater voyage
we approach a new century, we embark on what I see as a now, of
the new world.
freedom for the people of this hemisphere. Toward a new prosperity dawn for
for participating in this. We need your help to make all of these
Well, I just want to say thank you, then, to all of you
dreams come true. I want to thank you for the warm welcome in this
delighted to be back. God bless you all, and you're a wonderful
receiving line. You do make me feel welcome here in Brazil, and I am
nation of Brazil. Thank you all very much for coming. (Applause.)
END
1:55 P.M. (L)
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
(Brasilia, Brazil)
For Immediate Release
December 3, 1990
REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT
TO THE JOINT SESSION OF THE BRAZILIAN CONGRESS
Brazilian Congress Building
Brasilia, Brazil
11:28 A.M. (L)
THE PRESIDENT: Mr. President of the National Congress;
and Mr. President of the Chamber of Deputies; and to our two most
articulate speakers, Senator Tito and Deputy Fiuza; and Mr. Acting
President of the Supreme Court; esteemed Papal Nuncio; and members of
the diplomatic corps; Mr. Archbishop; Honorable Ministers of State
and Governors of the Federal District; and honorable deputies and
senators. It is a privilege, it is an honor to join you in this
great hall of democracy.
My thoughts today could have no better forum than this
National Congress -- my words, no better audience than the people of
Brazil. We meet at an extraordinary moment in our shared history. A
time of serious challenges and important choices that calls for
mutual respect, candor and collective will. I've met with many Latin
and Caribbean leaders. And beyond any single issue that we've
discussed, all of us have been galvanized by a new era of hope and
opportunity throughout the Americas -- especially here in Brazil.
By pioneering bold new economic reforms and consolidating
its democracy, Brazil today is poised to enter the 21st century as a
leader among nations. That is a tribute to a leader whose friendship
and vision I value and respect -- a. man who represents a new
generation of democratic leadership now sweeping across Latin America
-- your dynamic new President, Fernando Collor de Mello.
President Collor has spoken eloquently of Brazil's
rightful place at the table of the First World and I agree. I
believe it is time, in fact, to end the false distinctions between.
the First World and Third World that have too long limited political
and economic relations in the Americas. Let us instead speak of the
New World.
This hemisphere has always found strength in diversity.
After all, here I stand, addressing Portuguese speakers in English,
because of an Italian sailing on behalf of Spain five centuries ago.
What we hold in common transcends borders and translates into any
language. The nations of the Americas all struggled and gained
independence from the old ways of the Old World -- ended the
injustice of slavery and colonialism -- and built republics of
promise and renewal around the dignity and the power of the
individual and the rule of law.
Now, as we approach the 500th anniversary of Columbus'
discovery of Americas and the arrival of Cabral's Portuguese fleet in
Brazil, this is our moment to chart the course for the New World -- a
course of freedom, a course of democracy, a course of prosperity.
We've all witnessed in wonder the dawn of democracy in Eastern
Europe. But in the Americas, we, too, have seen extraordinary
political and economic change that is transforming the face of this
hemisphere; nowhere more so than right here, no more more so than in
the great nation of Brazil. The changes you are carrying out in your
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- 2 -
economy reducing the size of the state, privatizing enterprises,
combating inflation and liberalizing trade, are the keys to growth
and prosperity in the global economy of the 21st century -- whose
outlines we already see today. I am here to tell you that you are
not only on the right path, but the United States wants you to
succeed and supports your efforts every step of the way. I believe
that we just begun to press forward, toward the real promise of
the Americas.
Territories may end at borders, but mankind's capacity
for progress knows no bounds Continents may end at the water's
edge, but human potential knows only those limits set by human
imagination. The Americas' role in the world is not defined by
geography. It is defined by its people and its ideals. I truly
believe that we are approaching a new dawn in the New World.
Our thinking must be bold; our will, resolute. Our
challenge now is to hew out of a. wilderness of competing interests
new kind of opportunity in the Americas. To fulfill the New World's
destiny, all of the Americas and the Caribbean must embark on a
venture for the coming century: to create the first fully democratic
hemisphere in the history of mankind. The first hemisphere devoted
to the democratic ideal -- to unleash the power of free people, free
elections, and free markets.
Two weeks ago in Czechoslovakia I spoke to a people that
had paid dearly for its freedom. I talked about a new commonwealth
of freedom, based on four key principles. This hemisphere already
shares these convictions: an unshakable belief in the dignity and
rights of man; the conviction that just government derives its power
from the people: the belief that men and women everywhere must be
free to enjoy the fruits of their labor; and, four, that the rule of
law must govern the conduct of nations. Every nation that joins this
commonwealth of freedom advances us one step closer to a new world
order. We must persist until this victory for freedom and democracy
is won completely.
It is also within our power to make this hemisphere the
largest free-trading partnership of sovereign nations in the world.
From the northern-most reaches of Canada to the tip of Cape Horn. We
see a future where growing opportunity, the power of technology and
the benefits of prosperity are developed and shared by all.
Change will not come easily. Economies, now dependent on
protection and state regulation, must open to competition. The
transition, for a time, will be painful. Many in the Americas will
have to make serious adjustments to compete with Southeast Asia and
to take advantage of the European market after 1992. But we are
confident that solutions will be found --- by Brazilians, by
Chileans, by Venezuelans -- by all of the Americas.
And the results -- growing economies and sound currencies
-- will bring unprecedented prosperity and growth for all our
citizens to share. That was the vision of the Enterprise for the
Americas Initiative that we announced last June. And Deputy Fiuza, I
listened very carefully to your strong speech in this regard. And I
thank you for those frank and forceful comments. The initiative
calls for a major hemispheric effort to unify the New World in the
three key areas of trade, investment, and debt.
In trade, our first priority should be to promote
long-term growth. And the most effective first step is the
successful conclusion of the Uruguay Round, now in its final stages
in Brussels. An end to export subsidies on agricultural goods and
new openings for developing country exports mean new market
opportunities and a higher standard of living for the farmer in Para,
the textile worker in Santa Catarina, and the engineer in Sao Paulo.
But the Uruguay Round and bilateral trade agreements are
only first steps. The Southern Cone Common Market, now developing
under the leadership of your President and his colleagues in
neighboring countries, is another major step toward the world's first
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hemispheric free trade zone.
To promote new investment in the Americas, the dead hand
of state control must be lifted. We must allow entrepreneurs the
flexibility to adapt, create, and produce. So, as we chart a course
for the future of the New World, let us hold firmly in our minds an
unshakable conviction in the importance and benefit of free
enterprise. Let us work together so that any man or woman who wants
to launch a new enterprise views the state as an ally, not as an
obstacle -- and all who pursue the fruits of the free market see
other nations not as threats to sovereignty, but as partners in trade
and mutual prosperity.
Individuals cannot succeed if government is burdened by
debt. 30 the third leg of our Enterprise for the Americas Initiative
is a comprehensive commitment to work with Brazil and others in Latin
America to restructure U.S. official debt. Our new approach to
official debt will complement commercial debt restructuring through
the Brady Plan. I understand the importance to Brazil and, indeed,
to the international financial community of reaching a new and
effective agreement on commercial debt. I believe, through your
program of economic reform, you have taken the first crucial step
toward that goal. Global capital flows will be vital to your
development, and we are ready to assist wherever possible.
We've submitted a request to our Congress for the
authority to implement our proposals. But we know that real
solutions must involve all of us in the Americas. That why we
envision a permanent partnership between all the nations of the
Americas, to confront challenges that know no borders. We envision a
hemisphere where a collaborative commitment is shared to protect our
environmental legacy. There can be no sustained economic growth
without respect for the environment. That's why the Enterprise for
the Americas Initiative joins environmental protection with bilateral
debt relief not as a challenge to national sovereignty, not as a
challenge to the sovereignty, in this case of Brazil, but as an
affirmation of shared international interests.
Senator Tito -- and I do appreciate, sir, your using this
podium for a frank exchange here -- talked about partners in growth,
I believe you said, sir -- partners in growth rather than
shareholders of misery. That is what you want, and that is what we
want.
I encourage Brazil and other creditor nations to convert
debt into funds for the environment. The entire world stands in awe
of Brazil's unique endowment of wildlife, trees and plants in the
Amazon and the Atlantic rain forests. No nation on Earth -- none --
is as rich in flora and fauna, with all of their potential to provide
future medicines and foods and crops and fibers Your hosting of
the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in 1992
places Brazil in a position of true global leadership. We hope that
conference will mark the culmination of a number of initiatives to
protect and wisely utilize the world's resources.
We also are challenged to make ours a hemisphere where
sovereign nations are joined in collective determination to eradicate
the disease of drugs. On this one, the time for blame is long over.
We in the United States recognize that we must do more to reduce what
seems to you as insatiable demand. And you understand that the
spreading tentacles of the drug trade threaten any democratic
society.
President Collor has taken a strong position against
drugs for the sake of youth in Brazil. 1 know full well it is a
demand problem as well as a supply problem for my country; and I
pledge the full efforts of my government to continue to dampen
demand. There is only one answer to the drug problem in this
hemisphere. And that is to defeat these narco traffickers who prey
on our children -- once and for all.
And finally, in this era of great challenges around the
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world, we want the Western Hemisphere to be a model to the world for
security, stability, and peace.
Together, let us ensure that this hemisphere stands
united to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons or new, more
dangerous, ballistic missiles anywhere in the world. We hope that
all countries in this hemisphere will follow Brazil's and Argentina's
recent decision to bring the nonproliferation treaty, Tlatelolco,
into force. I want to applaud, as many other nations have done, the
recent announcement by Brazil and Argentina that together they will
ensure that no nuclear program in their countries is used for
anything but peaceful purposes. We applaud your decision to move
forward on full-scope nuclear safeguards.
But your leadership today goes beyond this hemisphere.
Just as Brazil made valiant contributions to the cause of freedom in
World War II, you were among the very first to implement the
sanctions against Iraq. I realize the sacrifices that Saddam's
brutality has caused this nation and its people -- has caused many
nations around the world. In this country, I was told this morning,
the impact -- $5 billion in higher oil prices alone for one year --
$5 billion to your economy, struggling to move forward, because of
the brutality and the aggression of Saddam Hussein. In
Czechoslovakia, a country that knows about aggression, Vaclav Havel
told me, $1.5 billion just because of the aggression of Saddam
Hussein. I salute your leadership in the world's community and
united stand against Iraq's aggression and in defense of the rule of
law
Our nations, long ago, achieved independence from the old
World. And so now let us work toward a new declaration of
interdependence among the American nations of the New World. If, as
Jose Bonifacio once said, "Brazilians are enthusiasts of a beautiful
ideal," let us not limit the New World's potential with old thinking.
After the half millennium we ve had in this hemisphere to form our
nations and find our way, let the nations of the Americas now fulfill
their common potential.
Standing on this central plateau, soon to be the seat of
great decisions, President Kubitschek said this: "I look once again
at the future of my country and see this dawn with unyielding faith
and unlimited confidence in its great destiny."
My friends, our neighbors, let the new dawn come to
Brazil and to the New World, and let us fulfill the promise of these
great lands.
Thank you very much. And may God bless the people of
Brazil. Thank you very, very much. (Applause.)
END
11:50 A.M. (L)
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
October 28, 1990
MEMORANDUM
TO:
DAVID DEMAREST
CHRISS WINSTON
SPEECHWRITER/RESEARCHER TO BE ASSIGNED
FROM:
CAROLYN CAWLEY
SUBJECT: PREADVANCE TO MONTERREY, MEXICO
President Bush will be traveling to Monterrey, Mexico
November 26 -27, 1990. Mrs. Bush and Secretary Baker will
accompany him.
The proposed schedule is as follows:
November 26, 1990
11:45 a.m.
Arrive Monterrey, Mexico.
Welcomed by Foreign Minister Solano
12:00 p.m.
Helicopter departure to Agua Leguas, hometown of
President Salinas
12:30 p.m.
Meet President and Mrs. Salinas at an
informal arrival
12:50 p.m.
Rodeo demonstration at the local corral
1:45 p.m.
Barbecue for the townspeople hosted by
President Salinas. 5000 attendees expected.
Very brief remarks -- Hello, thank you for
the hospitality, etc.
3:15 -
Downtime and private meetings
5:00 p.m.
5:00 p.m.
Depart for Monterrey
5:30 p.m.
POTUS and President Salinas arrive Monterrey
for official arrival ceremony with full
honors
5:40 -
Government Palace -- they'll be received by
6:30 p.m.
thousands of citizens in the Plaza. Firework
displays and brief remarks by both Presidents.
6:30 p.m.
End of official day
November 27, 1990
9:00 a.m.
Private One on One Meetings between the two
Presidents. Photo opportunities.
9:20 a.m.
Expanded bilateral meetings
10:40 a.m.
city Theatre --- 15 minutes of remarks by each
President. 1400 attendeees representing a cross
section of the citizens of Monterrey.
11:45 a.m.
Casino Monterrey -- join the end of a meeting
between Mexican business leaders hosted by Secretary
Mosbacher and Trade Representative Hills.
250 attendees. Very brief remarks.
12:30 -
Palacio Gobierno ---- Dedication Ceremony for a
12:45 p.m.
new Mexican - American Studies Institute. Very
brief remarks.
1:00 -
Palacio Gobierno --- Official Luncheon. 150
2:05 p.m.
attendees. Toasts.
2:30 p.m.
Arrive Airport
2:45 p.m.
Depart Monterrey, Mexico for Andrews AFB
PREADVANCE NOTES -- MONTERREY, MEXICO
Contacts:
**
Bob Earle, Embassy PAO (Mexico City) **
Bob Gibbons, US Consulate in Monterrey
On economics: Paul Trivelli, US Embassy in Mexico City
Don McConnell, US Embassy in Mexico City
Notes of Interest:
The Agua Leguas Rodeo and Barbecue:
Agua Leguas means "Far Waters". It is President Salinas'
ancestral home. It's located about 1 1/2 hours from
Monterrey by car. Extremely rural small town. The town
square is about all there is.
The BBQ is expected to draw 5,000 people, many of whom
will be Mexican children. This is really down home
entertainment by President Salinas -- any remarks should
acknowledge POTUS' pleasure at having been invited to this
small town, the wonderful hospitality, etc. Draw on the
years he spent in Texas etc.
The BBQ plaza is down the street one half block from the
Salinas home.
-- Benito Juarez is known as the Father of Mexico. The
dedication ceremony room at the Palace is named for him.
-- You may also want to check up on Octavio Paz, recent
Nobel Prize winner for literature. I was told he
is very popular with the Mexican people and also
very quotable for POTUS.
-- A major landmark in Monterrey is Saddle Mountain.
It does resemble a saddle and is visible from
virtually everywhere. See photos.
-- Note that Monterrey is a very small city that is
far from everything else in Mexico. It's flat, but
surrounded by hills. The countryside around it
is almost desert-like, strewn with sagebrush and tumble
weed. The land between Monterrey and Agua Leguas
is virtually unpopulated, except for shack once in
a great while.
Monterrey is located in "Estado de Nuevo Leon"
the state of the new lion. (check this translation!)
Though it's far from everything else, Monterrey
is Mexico's #2 industrial center. It's the home
of a group of 10 conglomerates in steel, glass,
and beer. The story says two guys decided to
produce beer and decided they should also produce
the bottles, then the caps, etc. All of Mexico's
major brands of beer are made here.
It's boom came in the 1890's with the railroad,
though it has been a trading center since the
16th century.
-- The national symbol, seen in all the government buildings
including the facade above the podium for the Palace/
firework speeches is: an eagle landing on a cactus.
It is an Aztec symbol for the founding of Mexico.
-- I was told that FDR was the last US President to
visit Monterrey, in April 1943. Reagan visited
Mexico, though not Monterrey. Check on Bush's
visits as VP.
-- You may want to look into Lincoln quotes for these
speeches. I saw several quotations of his displayed
in various buildings, though they were in Spanish and
I didn't have time to write them down.
The City Theatre is a very modern structure. The main
auditorium, site of the speeches, is gray and black and
fairly nondescript. It's mainly used for performing
arts. There are two tiers of seats, just like any
performance hall.
Palacio Gobierno is a huge and magnificent structure at
one end of a major plaza. The plaza has a big fountain
in the center and has 4 statues of historical figures.
See photos. The mountains in the distance appear larger
than life. The two Presidents will appear on the front
steps of the Palace and will make brief remarks there
following a fireworks display.
Palacio Gobierno Luncheon. Luncheon for 100-150
guests. It will be held either in an open courtyard
or an enclosed one topped with stained glass.
Salon de Benito Juarez. Room for the dedication ceremony
for the Mexican-American Studies Institute. The program
is a joint venture between the University of Nuevo Leon/
the Monterrey Technical Institute and US Universities.
I couldn't find anyone to tell me more. Best to check
with Bob Earle, PAO at the Embassy in Mexico City!
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
OCTOBER 27,1990
MEMORANDUM
TO:
DAVID DEMAREST
CHRISS WINSTON
MARK LANGE
ED MCNALLY
DAN MCGROARTY
CURT SMITH
MARY KATE GRANT
MARK DAVIS
BETH HINCHLIFFE
PEGGY DOOLEY
BOB SIMON
CAROL BLYMIRE
TED GARMEY
JENNIFER GROSSMAN
FROM:
CAROLYN CAWLEY
SUBJECT: PRE-ADVANCE TO SOUTH AMERICA AND MEXICO
ATTACHED:
O
Summary of speeches for the trip
O
Proposed itinerary
O
Preadvance notes
NOTE:
Mrs. Bush will accompany POTUS on the trip. She will
have her own activities, but she is expected to attend
all the speeches to Congress and the State Dinners.
Secretary and Mrs. Baker will also travel with POTUS.
I. SUMMARY OF SPEECHES FOR THE PRESIDENT'S TRIP TO SOUTH AMERICA
Brasilia, Brazil
-- Address joint session of Congress;
-- American Embassy community Greeting;
-- Remarks at luncheon for Brazilian business
community hosted by POTUS;
-- State Dinner toast.
Montevideo, Uruguay
-- Address joint session of Congress;
-- American Embassy community Greeting.
Buenos Aires, Argentina
-- Address joint session of Congress;
-- State Dinner - brief remarks;
-- American Embassy community Greeting.
Santiago, Chile
-- Address joint session of Congress;
-- State Dinner toast;
-- Remarks at breakfast hosted by the Chilean/
American Chamber of Commerce;
-- American Embassy community Greeting.
Caracas, Venezuela
-- State Dinner toast;
-- Remarks at luncheon hosted by the Venezuelan/
American Chamber of Commerce;
-- American Embassy community greeting.
NOTE:
Arrival and departure statements are TBD. If statements are
required, they will probably be in Brasilia (first stop) and
Caracas (last stop).
PROPOSED ITINERARY FOR THE TRIP OF THE PRESIDENT
TO SOUTH AMERICA
DECEMBER 2 - 8, 1990
Sunday, December 2
9:00 p.m.
Depart Andrews AFB en route Brasilia, Brazil
Monday, December 3
8:15 a.m.
Arrive Brasilia Int'l Airport
8:40 a.m.
Arrive Planalto Palace
-- Arrival Ceremony
21-gun salute
Anthems
Review of troops
-- One on One meeting with President Collor
-- Expanded Bilateral Meeting
-- Joint Press Availability
11:15 a.m.
Arrive Brazilian Congress Building
-- Address joint session of Brazilian Congress
TelePrompted
Simultaneous interpretation
12:35 p.m.
Arrive U.S. Embassy
-- American Embassy community Greeting
1:25 p.m.
Arrive Ambassador's Residence
-- Luncheon for Brazilian business community
hosted by POTUS. Brief remarks.
8:30 p.m.
Arrive Foreign Ministry
-- State Dinner. Toast.
RON Brasilia
2
Tuesday, December 4
8:30 a.m.
Arrive Brasilia Int'l Airport
-- Departure Ceremony
12:30 p.m.
Arrive Carrasco Airport, Montevideo, Uruguay
-- Arrival Ceremony
21-gun salute
Anthems
Review of troops
1:20 p.m.
Arrive Edificio Libertad
(President's office building)
-- One on One meeting with President Lacalle
-- Expanded Bilateral Meeting
-- Joint Press Availability
3:30 p.m.
Arrive Legislative Palace
-- Address joint session of Uruguayan Congress
TelePrompted
Simultaneous translation
4:40 p.m.
Arrive U.S. Embassy
-- American Embassy community Greeting
6:15 p.m.
Arrive Punte del Este
--Private Dinner hosted by President and
Mrs. Lacalle
RON Punta del Este
Wednesday, December 5
8:15 a.m.
Private Breakfast with President and
Mrs. Lacalle
10:00 a.m.
Arrive Carrasco Int'l Airport, Montevideo
--Departure Ceremony
11:35 a.m.
Arrive Ezeiza Int'l Airport
Buenos Aires, Argentina
12:00 p.m.
Arrive Aeroparque (chopper over))
--- Arrival Ceremony
21-gun salute
Anthems
Review of troops
Presentation of Key to City
12:35 p.m.
Arrive Plaza de San Martin
-- Wreathlaying Ceremony
12:50 p.m.
Arrive Casa de Gobierno (House of Government)
-- One on One meeting with President Menem
-- Greeting of Diplomatic Corps
-- Working luncheon with President Menem
-- Joint press availability
3:30 p.m.
Depart for Palacio de Congreso
(Palace of Congress)
POTUS' limo will be escorted by Grenadiers
(Argentine mounted soldiers) at a parade pace.
3:50 p.m.
Arrive Palacio de Congreso
-- Address joint session of Argentine Congress
** TelePrompted ** ((John Keller told me that
there may some difficulty in TelePrompter
space. The only place for it is a small
recessed area in front of and below the
podium -- but this where they want to put
the press travel pool. Apparently this
decision will be left to Demarest and
Fitzwater.)
Simultaneous interpretation
7:55
Arrive Sociedad Rural
-- Rodeo and cultural demonstration
-- Informal greeting of Supreme Court justices
-- State Dinner
Brief remarks
RON Buenos Aires
Thursday, December 6, 1990
8:50 a.m.
Ambassador's Residence
-- American Embassy Community greeting
9:25 a.m.
Arrive Aeroparque
-- Departure Ceremony
11:30 a.m.
Arrive Arturo Merino Benitez Airport
Santiago, Chile
-- Arrival Ceremony
Full Honors
12:15 p.m.
Arrive President Aylwin's private residence
-- Working luncheon with President Aylwin
-- Joint press availability
3:25 p.m.
Arrive Chilean Congress Building
Valparaiso, Chile
-- Arrival Ceremony
Honor Guard (from the Naval Academy; will line
the street outside the building)
Anthems
Review of troops
-- Address to joint session of Chilean Congress
TelePrompted
Simultaneous interpretation
5
8:40 p.m.
Arrive La Moneda Palace
Santiago, Chile
-- Ceremonious Arrival
Honor Guard
Review of troops
Fanfare
-- Private meeting with President Aylwin
-- State Dinner. Toast.
RON Santiago, Chile
Friday, December 7
7:55 a.m.
Arrive Holiday Inn Crowne Plaza Hotel
-- Breakfast hosted by the Chilean/American
Chamber of Commerce
Brief remarks (@ 8:10 a.m.)
TelePrompted
9:25 a.m.
Arrive Ambassador's Residence
-- American Embassy community Greeting
10:30 a.m.
Arrive Airport
-- Departure Ceremony
4:10 p.m.
Arrive Simon Bolivar Int'l Airport
Caracas, Venezuela
-- Arrival Ceremony
21-gun salute
Anthems
7:40 p.m.
Arrive La Casona
-- Private meeting with President Perez
-- State Dinner. Toast.
RON Caracas, Venezuela
Saturday, December 8
9:15 a.m.
Arrive Pantheon
(Tomb of Bolivar and other national heroes)
-- Wreathlaying Ceremony
9:55 a.m.
Arrive Miraflores Palaces
-- One on One meeting with President Perez
-- Expanded Bilateral Meeting
-- Joint press availability
12:30 p.m.
Arrive Hilton Hotel
-- Luncheon hosted by the Venezuelan/
American Chamber of Commerce (VENAMCHAM)
Remarks
TelePrompted
2:20 p.m.
Arrive Ambassador's Residence
-- American Embassy community Greeting
3:35 p.m.
Arrive Simon Bolivar Int'l Airport
-- Departure Ceremony
4:00 p.m.
Depart en route Andrews
7:05 p.m.
Arrive Andrews AFB
PREADVANCE NOTES -- BRAZIL
Address Joint Session of Congress
-- Monday, December 3 @ 11:35 a.m.
-- TelePrompted
-- Simultaneous Interpretation
-- 1200 attendees: Senators, Deputies, Cabinet ministers,
Supreme Court justices, Governors of the Districts,
military commanders, members of the diplomatic corps,
religious leaders, university presidents, etc.
-- The session will open while POTUS is in the holding
room (National anthem of Brazil, 1 speech by a Senator,
1 speech by a Deputy). POTUS will enter and there will
be 6 minutes of hymns followed by three speeches:
Senator -- 15 minutes
Deputy -- 15 minutes
POTUS
-- 15 - 18 minutes allotted
Session will close by the President of the Congress.
-- See photos of the building exterior the domes are very
symbolic. The inverted dome atop the Deputies Chamber
means that everything starts in the House and the cup
is open to the ideas of the people. Laws begin there.
The dome atop the Senators Chambers means that
the Senate is the final cap, laws become final -- the
"lid".
-- Check Kubiscek quote chiseled in marble at entrance.
(in Portuguese)
-- The bicameral National Congress consists of 78 Senators
(three for each state and the Federal District) elected
to 8 year terms. 495 Deputies elected at large in each
state to 4 year terms. The elections are based on
proportional representation weighted to favor less
populous states. The next elections are scheduled for
November, however the newly elected members will not
take their seats until January, after POTUS' visit.
Suffrage is compulsory for ages 18 - 70.
8
State Dinner -- Toast
-- Monday, December 3 @ 8:30 p.m.
-- The Foreign Ministry Building, Brasilia Room. See
photos.
-- 260 guests
-- The Brazilian Chief of Protocol asked that we keep
the President's remarks under 8 minutes. (I told
him not to worry!)
-- The main entrance to the building will be flanked
with honor guards. Then POTUS will ascend the "floating
staircase" (see photos) and be ceremoniously greeted
by the President and Mrs. Collor. Cocktails in the
anteroom (see photos) -- the "Dortinari Room" (named for
a famous modern artist. State dinner in the Brasilia
Room; one wall is covered with a mammoth textile/
macrame piece of art. The artist, Roberto Burle (BOOR
lay) Marx, is well known for his designs, particularly
in gardening and landscapes. He did the gardens at the
Palace and at the US Embassy. --- I'll try to find out
more about him.
Embassy Greetings
-- Monday, December at 12:35 p.m.
-- US Embassy - Brasilia, small auditorium
-- 450 attendees: embassy personnel, Brazilian
staffers, families, Americans from the area
-- Brasilia is really an artificial capital, carved
out of the land 30 years ago when the government
decided the nation's capital should be centrally
located. (It had been on the southeastern coast,
in Rio.) The city has quite an "outpost" feel
about it, and I'm told this is a pervasive feeling,
especially for the embassy people. Brasilia is
far from everything and to "go anywhere, you have
to go through Rio"! There could be a joke there,
like the infamous Atlanta anecdote: You have to
go through Hartsfield (Atlanta's big airport) to
get to heaven!
-- The US as first country to establish an Embassy
in Brasilia. The site, donated by the government
of Brazil was officially selected by Secretary of
State John Foster Dulles when he visited in 1958 with
President Kubiscek. The site was first occupied
in 1960 by a portable house trailer. President
Eisenhower laid the symbolic cornerstone of the
Chancery during his visit.
The inside patio was designed by the famous
Brazilian landscape artist Roberto Burle Marx --
also the artist of the hanging textile work at the
State Dinner site.
Luncheon for Brazilian Business Community Hosted by POTUS:
-- Monday, December 3 @ 1:25 p.m.
-- Ambassador Melton's residence -- back patio by
pool or the indoor dining room
-- Brief remarks
-- Approximately 100 attendees
-- I have copies of 3 proposed guest lists, TBD by the
Embassy. They are pretty much the same. Guests
will include various Ministers of the Brazilian
government -- Infrastructure, Economy, Foreign
Affairs, Justice, Environment; some Congressional
leadership; and leaders in the business community
such as the US-Brazil Business Council, Citibank,
General Motors, American Express, McDonalds,
Union Carbide. Also well as representatives from
such international organizations as the World
Bank and the InterAmerican Development Bank.
-- Contact: Kevin Brennan
Embassy Commercial Counselor
Planalto Palace -- Arrival Ceremony, Meetings -- No Remarks
-Candangos is the nickname of the hardy pioneers who built
the city; sort of like our Pilgrims. In front of Planalto
Palace (site of arrival, one on one meeting and bilaterals;
located on 3 Powers Plaza along with the Congress building)
is a "Candangos" statue. The statue of two figures is
officially called "the Two Warriors" but is more commonly
referred to by the nickname. It's the work of famed
sculptor Bruno Giorgi.
-- Across the street from the Palace is the "Pantheon
of the Fatherland" also known as the Pantheon to
Liberty and Democracy, with an eternal flame. See photos.
of inverted triangles.
Tancredo Neves was elected in 1985 but died
before taking office and the Pantheon was erected in
his honor. His entire life embodied the struggle
for democracy. Neves is a hero figure today, known
as the man who restored democracy in Brazil after
twenty years of military rule.
-- The area is known as "3 Powers Square" Planalto
Palace, the Supreme Court, the Congress Building
plus the Pantheon.
10
Other Notes on Brazil:
-- Brazil gave birth to the Lambada, the forbidden dance.
-- Stay away from calling Collor "Indiana Jones". POTUS
already called him this once -- it was cute for
awhile, but it's a sensitive subject now. President
Collor has eased back on his weekend daredeviling, in
large part because his mother launched a national
campaign to get him to stop. The weekend that we
were there however, he drove Ferrari at 140 mph down
the highway. In sum, Collor still does all the stuff
but in low profile. It's OK to jest him about it,
but don't refer to him as Indiana Jones.
--HISTORY:
Brazil has been independent since September 7,1822. It is a
Federative Republic with broad powers granted to the federal
government. Collor is the first popularly elected President
in almost 30 years. (coincidentally, Brasilia is about 30
years old as well.) Collor succeeded Jose Sarney, the first
civilian President after 21 years of military rule.
-- Brasilia:
Situated roughly in the center of Brazil, high on the
inland plateau termed the "planalto", Brasilia was
officially inaugurated on April 21, 1960. However as
an idea it dates back three centuries to the dreams of
the new world empire by the Italian monk, Dom Bosco
(after whom many places in Brasilia are named).
Brasilia is also the product of the early
Portuguese settlers for a safe inland capital away
from the poor climate and military invasions so
prevalent on the coast. The Portuguese Court in Lisbon
ordered that studies be conducted concerning the
capital location, but nothing was done until 1955.
Former President Juscelino Kubiscek promised in a
now famous campaign speech that, if elected, he would
build the new capital within his 5 year term.
He was elected and kept his promise. Actual construction
was begun in 1957 around the clock and the city was
completed in 1960.
The men responsible for the rising of Brasilia are
the architect Oscar Niemeyer and engineer Lucio Costa.
Niemeyer designed all of the principal buildings and still
holds veto power over new construction. Costa planned the
layout of the city itself, the "Plano Piloto", choosing to
make it look from the air like an airplane, a symbol
of progress. The city is laid out like a plane, with a
main body, wings, etc.
At the intersection of the main axes is the bus
station, called the "rodoviaria", truly the center of the
city in its early years, as workers and their families
arrived from all parts of Brazil seeking opportunity in the
fledgling capital.
In the cockpit of the plane is the Praca dos Tres
Poderes (3 powers plaza).
Sights
O
President Medici Sports Center A sports stadium which
holds 42,000 spectators, plus a gym for 25,000. Maybe
there's a joke in here.
Rogerio Pithon Farias Park Reputed to be the largest
city park of any capital in Latin America. Covers
4 million meters square.
The Cathedral The shape of the Cathedral represents
Christ's crown of thorns. The pillars symbolize the
states of Brazil supporting the crown, which is set
into the ceiling disk. The main entrance leads under
ground through a shadowy tunnel, meant to prepare
churchgoers by meditation and self-examination for
emergence into the sunny circular church.
-- The Brazilian flag has the words "Ordem y Progreso" on
it -- "order and progress" in accordance with the
positivist philosophy of its fathers.
-- Brazil got a new constitution in 1988.
-- On the economy and other issues:
O
Avoid comparisons between Brazil and Mexico.
O
The US hopes for Brazil and Argentina to become
signatories of the Treaty of Tlatelolco, a
nuclear limitation agreement. POTUS has
telephoned Collor several times on this issue.
See Collor's recent UN speech.
Debt:
A few weeks ago, Brazil had a major
proposal to restructure their debt payments.
In overview, they'll issue 3 kinds of bonds
in exchange for their debt commitment. They'll
sell these back to the governments and banks
they owe at various auctions. They'll be paying
the principal ahead of the interest.
12
CONTACTS:
-- John Keane, Political Counselor (**)
-- Cultural Section:
Luzia and Marcillo
-- Gordon Jones, Economic Counselor
-- Bob Jordan, PAO
13
PREADVANCE NOTES -- URUGUAY
Contacts:
Kate Jarvis -- Embassy Information Officer
John Jurecky -- Charge d'Affaires; Control Officer
for Joint Session event
Notes of interest:
-- Eisenhower visited Uruguay on his big South America trip.
-- Johnson also visited in 1967.
-- On the outskirts of Punta del Este is a large park
popular for camping named "FDR Park".
-- The Foreign Service Institute in Rosslyn has a
good library where you can find books on Uruguayan
history and culture in English.
-- Uruguay is known for her friendly people and the
pervasive air of tranquility.
-- The Uruguay Round of GATT began here in 1987 at
Punta del Este. The current GATT round will be
underway beginning December 3 in Geneva.
-- JOSE ARTIGAS
National hero of Uruguay -- their George Washington.
His statues are located all over the city of Montevideo;
the main one is his tomb at Independence Plaza downtown.
His statue also stands outside the Edificio
Libertad, the site of meetings and bilats on this trip.
See photos of both.
-- The Pope visited Uruguay in 1987 or 1988. A giant
crucifix was erected in his honor and he held a Mass for
thousands there. I was told that Uruguay is a Catholic
country in name only.
-- Uruguayans are big fans of basketball and soccer
(futebol). They have fielded many World Cup players
and have several citizens playing in the professional
European leagues.
-- Jose Rodo was a major literary figure. The park
near the Embassy bears his name. Most of the streets
in Montevideo are named for famous figures in their
history. George Washington an important figure -- and
his statue stands near the Embassy on a main
thoroughfare.
14
Embassy Greetings
Tuesday, December 4 @ 4:40 p.m.
The main entrance hall of the Embassy
Approximately 300 attendees -- Embassy personnel,
Uruguayan staff, families, possibly Americans
from the area.
They have been waiting for several months for
their Ambassador-designate to be confirmed (since
April?). It's hoped that he'll be on post by the time
of POTUS' visit. If he's not, this has definite
joke potential. If he is, you could still use it.
The Embassy was designed by I.M. Pei (the famed
architect who also did the East Wing of the Nat'l
Gallery and the glass pyramid at the Louvre). It's
one of the few embassies in the world done by a
renowned architect -- but the embassy personnel
have many complaints about it and claim that it
was designed before "user friendly" became a popular
term. (Humor potential?)
Humor?: their mail is often ripped off before it
gets to the country. Chances are few that they
ever receive any mail orders.
POTUS will arrive in Montevideo during the last
week that anybody stays in the city -- everyone
escapes to Punta del Este.
Address to Joint Session of Uruguayan Congress
Tuesday, December 4 @ 3:30 p.m.
Legislative Palace -- Chamber of Deputies
Approximately 300 attendees; 132 Senators
and Deputies.
Embassy Control Officer: John Jurecky
Charge d'Affaires
TelePrompted
Above the podium is a huge mural (see brochure and
photos). Unfortunately, I couldn't locate anyone
who could tell me what it represents -- it's probably
worth looking into.
Also above the podium is an inscription chiseled in
marble. It's in Spanish, but I was told it says:
"My authority emanates from you and that authority
seizes through with your sovereign presence."
15
The Legislative Palace is absolutely beautiful. The
interior is all Uruguayan marble of different colors.
See photos and brochure.
Punta del Este
o
No remarks in PDE. POTUS will there for a private
dinner with President and Mrs. Lacalle at a small
seaside restaurant. The next day, a private
breakfast with them at a small inn in town. Mostly
an R&R stop. The Bushes will stay at a huge
home on the water (it should be in Architectural
Digest! !) -- it's owned by a wealthy Argentine
who has lent it to the Uruguayan on several
occasions, most recently for the visit of French
President Mitterand.
Punta del Este is a seaside resort town that has
practically no full time residents. It became
well known in 1967 after its film festival and has
since hosted many international meetings and
conferencesas well as art and entertainment. The entire
town is made of (magnificent) summer homes of
the Uruguayan and Argentine elite. When we were
there, the place was all but deserted. At the time
of POTUS' visit, the throngs of vacationers will
be just arriving for their summer vacations which
last through February.
Darwin came to Punta del Este in 1833 to study
the species of Goriti Island, off the coast
of Punta del Este. He live in Uruguay for
three months. He told his friend Signor Marconi,
an Italian engineer, that the area had a "good
magnetic field" and Marconi later developed the
telegraph in Punta del Este.
16
PREADVANCE NOTES -- ARGENTINA
Good Contact:
Stephen Thompson -- US Embassy
A very friendly man who is a good source of info for
both the Embassy Greeting as well as business/trade
info for the Joint Session speech. I gave him the
heads up that you'd call him.
Michael Canning -- US Embassy, Cultural Officer
Benny Giron -- Very helpful and eager to please.
He should be sending you some brochures that we
didn't have time to get on the preadvance. Also at
the Embassy.
NOTE: Upon arrival at the Aeroparque (municipal airport),
POTUS will be presented with a key to the city. No
remarks are planned, but check on this again.
Sites of interest in the city:
-- "July 9 Boulevard" is claimed to be world's largest;
the main thoroughfare of "B.A." (Why is July 9
an important date for Buenos Aires?)
-- At one circle of "July 9" stands a monument that is
exactly like the Washington monument here in D.C. --
only slightly smaller. It's dedicated to Don
Pedro Mendoza. (check him out)
-- B.A. is the second city in the formation of the
country of Argentina.
-- Recoleta Cemetery is their equivalent of Arlington,
though the people buried there are not solely
servicemembers. Many famous Argentines, writers,
artists, political figures, etc, have been laid to
rest there.
Wreath laying ceremony at the Plaza of San Martin
POTUS will lay a wreath at the monument of San
Martin, the George Washington of Argentina. No
remarks are required, though you will want to use
San Martin in your other speeches. He is a very
important figure to the Argentines.
San Martin is actually buried in the Main
Cathedral of Buenos Aires, which is down the street
about 1/2 a block from the Casa Gobierno (joint session
speech site). Both the Casa Gobierno and the
Cathedral line the Plaza of May 25th (why is this
date important?) The Plaza is a big site for rallies
and other public gatherings.
17
Suggested Reading:
"The History of Argentina" by David Rock.
This book covers the history of the country, from
its earliest beginnings through the Falklands
War. It's supposed to be an extremely easy
read and a good source for you. Should be
available at the OAS library or the Library
of Congress.
Note from LCDR Justice from the Mil Office:
An Argentine Navy sailing vessel and training ship is the
sister ship of the Coast Guard training vessel Barque Eagle.
Both were war reparations from Germany.
QUOTES FOR SPEECHES
"Sarmiento" is supposedly the most quotable Argentine. He
was a civilian President at the time of Lincoln and
is known as the "Abraham Lincoln of Argentina".
*Mike Butler at the Embassy is known by his colleagues
as "Mr. Quote". Call him.
Address to the Joint Session of the Argentine Congress
Wednesday, December 5 @ 3:50 p.m.
In the Chamber of Deputies
The address is scheduled to the Prompted, however
check with Dave on this. The only available space
for the Prompter is also where they want to put
the press pool. Keller told me that Dave and Marlin
will have to work this out.
Approximately 500 attendees -- 300 Senators and
Deputies; 70 member of diplomatic corps; the
Cabinet; Supreme Court justices; etc.
Two speakers -- the President of the Senate who
will open the session and introduce the President,
and POTUS. POTUS introduced by Argentine Vice
President Duhalde.
See photos of chamber interior as well as pamphlets. Though
they are in Spanish, you can probably figure them out.
18
The National Seal It is dominant all over the government
buildings. In the Chambers in particular, it appears on
the front of the podium, above the podium, and in the
stained glass ceiling. See the brochure for a picture.
The stripes in it are the blue sky and the white sky
of the flag.
The hands are the union of the Argentine people
The staff holding the cup symbolizes Freedom; adapted
from symbols of the French Revolution.
The sun symbolizes the birth of a new country.
The laurels mean Glory.
State Dinner
Wednesday, December 5 @ 9:00 p.m.
Informal, as they will just have viewed a rodeo
and cultural demonstration. (Riding, roping,
throwing bolos, precision horse drill team
of the federal police, traditional costumes)
500 attendees
American Embassy Community Greeting
o
Thursday, December 6 @ 8:50 a.m.
The U.S. Ambassador's Residence Ballroom
500 attendees -- embassy personnel, Argentine staff,
families
The Residence is the largest in the world -- it's even
larger than the WH residence. Vice President Quayle
stayed there on his Latin American trips; the Bushes will
RON there as well. Check on Bush as VP stays.
Other Presidents who stayed there:
-- A plaque at the Main Entrance commemorates the
February 26, 1960 visit of Eisenhower (a private
visit after his Presidency)
-- A plaque at the top of the stairs commemorates the
November 30 - December 2, 1936 visit of FDR.
PREADVANCE NOTES -- CHILE
Embassy Greeting
Friday, December 7 @ 9:25 a.m.
Ambassador's Residence, back patio
300 - 400 attendees; Embassy personnel, Chilean
staff, families.
Contacts:
Dan Johnson Embassy Admin Officer
Dave Lugers Site Control Officer
We spent only a few minutes at the Residence and
none of the Embassy personnel had much to offer
by way of humor and color. I told both Dan and
Dave to be thinking of such things in case you
call them. Ambassador Gillispie is quite the
dashing figure and I was told that there is
humor there. Call his wife for more on that.
AMCHAM Breakfast
Friday, December 7 @ 7:55 a.m.
Holiday Inn Crowne Plaza Hotel Ballroom -- a ballroom
is a ballroom is a ballroom. Totally nondescript.
Could have been Toledo.
Both Presidents will attend. JB III TBD.
Mrs. Bush TBD.
1000 attendees
TelePrompted
POTUS introduced by AMCHAM President Ed Tillman,
CEO of Exxon in Chile
2 speeches precede POTUS (one is Tillman). 55 minutes
total time there. POTUS doesn't eat.
7 people at head table (8 if Mrs. B. attends) :
President Aylwin [AIL win], 4 AMCHAM directors,
Ambassador Gillispie, JB III.
Elementary school choir will sing the anthems.
Contacts:
Embassy: ** Rick Villalobos, Econ Section **
Nancy Mason, Political Section
AMCHAM:
M. Isabel Jaramillo
Paulina Dellafiori
Phone: 486 830
20
NOTES:
--
Chileans think they'll be the first Latin American
country to sign a Free Trade Agreement with the US
through the Enterprise for the Americas Initiative.
Mexico is slated to be first, but the Chileans
are optimistic.
Stay Away From: 1. The Kennedy Amendment prohibiting
Chile from purchasing any military apparatus from the
US. Senator Kennedy sponsored the bill after the
Letalier bombing in D.C. the US asked Chile to
locate and charge the perpetrators and to date they
have not done so. Major source of tension in US-C
relations.
2. The Generalized System of Preferences. The
privilege was taken away from Chile in 1987 due to
labor abuses. They say they have corrected this and
want the GSP back, but the US refuses.
3. Chilean grapes.
-- Nancy Mason and Rick Villalobos will send you examples
of recent cooperative ventures and examples of
cooperation in business; a story on early US-C business;
humor. Probably should give them a call to remind them.
-- GOOD NEWS: Chile is now back in OPIC. OPIC is again
insuring US firms in Chile.
Also, Chile has been returned a clean bill of
health after hoof and mouth disease problems in their
cattle. They can now export to the US. Whoopee
State Dinner
La Moneda Palace, Plaza de Naranjas
(Plaza of Oranges --- courtyard filled with orange
trees)
Thursday, December 6 @ 9:15 p.m.
Toast
Will just have participated in a ceremonious arrival
at the palace with honor guards, review of troops,
and fanfare. The Palace Guards are units of the
National Police (Carabineros). The square outside
the Palace will be lined with US and Chilean flags.
Attendees TBD
21
The Palace was designed by the Italian Tosca in 1786. It's
been restored but is still essentially the same
except for
one room that has been removed. The palace was bombed
during many coups. Pinochet was holed up there and
committed suicide
in the Palace -- that room has since been removed.
The national slogan of Chile appears ALL OVER the place;
from the wrought iron work of the Palace courtyards to the
marble over the podium at the joint session speech. It
reads,
translated: "If not by reason, then by force". Yikes.
Gustavo Delgado is a young Foreign Service Officer at the
Embassy who tried to get me some brochures on the history
etc
of the Palace. He was unsuccessful but left a message at
our hotel that he'd try again and send it up. You may want
to give him a call.
See photos of the Palace and the courtyard.
Address to Joint Session of Congress
Valparaiso -- Congreso Nacional, Salon de Honor
Approximately 900 attendees -- 47 Senators, 120
Deputies, plus various members of the diplomatic
corps, Cabinet Ministers, etc.
This will be a special session of the Congress. The
President of the Senate will open the session with 5
minutes of rituals and will introduce POTUS with the
ringing of the bell. (President of the Senate is
Gabriel Valdes, the highest ranking legislator.)
On dais: Rafael Eyzaguirre, Secretary of the Senate
Carlos Loyola, Secretary of the Chamber of Dep's
Jose Antonio Viera Gauo, President of Chamber of
Deputies
Gabriel Valdes, President of the Senate
The Congress building is brand spanking new -- in fact,
they were still laying carpet when we visited. It is
a huge, gigantor monument of marble columns that seems
extremely out of place in poverty-stricken Valparaiso.
Even across the street, the building is surrounded by
ordinary shops and slums coming down from the hills.
See photos. It had an eerie feeling about it, as most
government buildings of this sort are surrounded by
others like it. See photos.
POTUS will get out of the limo about 1/2 a block from
the building and walk a route lined with honor
guardsmen from the Naval Academy. He'll review the troops
and be greeted on the steps by the Senators and Deputies.
Again, their national slogan reads : "If not by reason,
then by force. It is emblazoned in marble above
the podium. In this instance it appears under a seal
of sorts with a condor and a huemol (deer like animal).
The condor represents the aggressive side, while the
huemol represents the tranquil and peaceful side.
POTUS will chopper over to Valparaiso from Santiago. It
might be worth it to mention the truly beautiful Chilean
countryside. It's really quite remarkable -- greenery like
you've never seen; rolling meadows filled with wildflowers;
farmland; beautiful mountain ranges. Save for a few bill-
boards here and there, it's virtually unmarred. The Andes
Mountain Range is visible in the far distance, with snow
capped peaks.
Other notes on Chile:
-- King Juan Carlos of Spain just completed a state
visit to Santiago the day we arrived. The papers
applauded the success of the visit -- on the issues
of trade, etc. Apparently the two countries have
just recently reestablished good relations -- last time
Juan Carlos visited, he was snubbed by Pinochet who
left the city to visit his troops in the hills and never
met with the King.
-- North of Santiago begins a desert which continues to the
border. Some spots are said to have never seen rain --
ever. No life can exist there. Some areas get 1/16th
inch of moisture per year, mostly from mist coming off
the ocean.
-- La Iglesia de San Francisco de Assisi is the best
known church in Santiago. We drove by it, but
unfortunately I wasn't able to catch a photo for you.
It's the oldest church in the country and also houses
a museum of the monks. Nancy Mason said she would
send a brochure on its significance; again, you may
want to call her to remind her if you're interested.
-- The national hero of Chile, believe it or not, is named
Bernardo O'Higgins. (His father was Irish!) He is
considered to be the equivalent of Bolivar, Artigas,
San Martin, etc. -- the George Washington of Chile.
In fact, he fought with San Martin (of Argentina).
Definitely check into this man.
23
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
Document No.
Subject/Title of Document
Date
Restriction
Class.
and Type
01. Report
Re: Preadvance notes for POTUS trip to Latin America. (1
n.d.
(b)(6)
pp.)
Collection:
Record Group:
Bush Presidential Records
Office:
Speechwriting, White House Office of
Series:
Grant, Mary Kate
Subseries:
Subject File
WHORM Cat.:
File Location:
Latin American Trip 10/90 - 11/90 [3]
Date Closed:
12/21/2004
OA/ID Number:
13881-018
FOIA/SYS Case #:
S
Appeal Case #:
Re-review Case #:
2005-0482-S
Appeal Disposition:
P-2/P-5 Review Case #:
Disposition Date:
AR Case #:
MR Case #:
AR Disposition:
MR Disposition:
AR Disposition Date:
MR Disposition Date:
RESTRICTION CODES
Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) - 15 U.S.C. 552(b)]
Deed of Gift Restrictions
(b)(1) National security classified information
C(1) Closed by Executive Order 13526, governing access to national
(b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
security information
agency
C(2) Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the information
(b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute
C(3) Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of
(b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
gift [formerly listed as only C]
information
PRM. Removed as a personal record misfile
(b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion
of personal privacy
(b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
purposes
(b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
financial institutions
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President and
(b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
his advisors, or between such advisors [(a)(5) of the PRA]
concerning wells
PREADVANCE NOTES -- VENEZUELA
Contacts:
O
Bill Millen
Political Counselor at the US Embassy. This man
is an expert on the country and can answer just
about any question you may have.
Helen Clare Hudson (Phone ext. 425)
Economic Counselor at the US Embassy. Call her
for info on cooperative efforts in trade and
business.
Paula Thiede (Phone ext. 330)
Also at the Embassy. A very nice woman who
maintains files of newspaper clippings.
Color and Things to Check on:
- Bill Millen thought that POTUS may have visited Venezuela
in the 1960's when he was an oilman in Texas. He supposedly
visited the city of Maracaibo, in western Venezuela near
Colombia.
-- Jeb Bush once lived in Venezuela. Were any of his kids
born there?
-- POTUS visited V. in 1981 (?) for Bettencourt's funeral.
-- Bettancourt [BET anne coor] is a good man to quote
POTUS and President Perez met when both were President-
elect's. State visit of Perez in spring '89. POTUS calls
Perez often -- they have a good relationship.
P-6, (b)(6)
NOTE:
Embassy Greeting
Ambassador's residence -- on large patio
overlooking the city
Saturday, December 8 @ 2:20 p.m.
Approximately 300 attendees -- embassy personnel,
Venezuelan employees, families; possibly
some Americans from the area.
Contact Bill Millen for inside humor. I was told
that jokes about the erratic water supply and
telephone service would be appreciated. Also,
they have been waiting for several months (since
May?) for their Ambassador-designate to be
confirmed. It's become a running joke of
sorts --it's hoped that he'll be on post by the
time of POTUS' visit. If not, this has definite
joke potential. If he is there, you could still
use it.
-- Caracas is surrounded by huge, green, lush mountains.
They really are quite beautiful and it's difficult to
escape a grand view of them. Avila National Park is a
big deal to the people of Caracas; it's a landmark. It's
a huge park high up in the hills and mountains with
trails, waterfalls, and eating spots -- also a preserve
of sorts, with birds and butterflies which are protected
"El Avila" Nat'l Park separates Caracas from the
Caribbean Sea. (Note: Venezuela has a heavy Caribbean
influence, from the people to the reggae music. It's
often said the V. is more a part of the Caribbean
region than Latin America.)
The Ambassador's residence (RON Site and site of Embassy
Greeting) is just below the park
Business Luncheon
Caracas Hilton Ballroom -- a ballroom is a
ballroom is a ballroom. Totally nondescript.
Saturday, December 8 @ 12:35 p.m.
1,000 attendees
14 on the dais
Brief Remarks; TelePrompted
25
-- Teresa Careno was a major opera diva from Venezuela. She
toured the world and was very popular internationally.
Across the street from the Hilton (Luncheon site) is a huge
theater and arts complex in her honor. It is one of the
best known buildings in Caracas.
-- State Dinner
O
Friday, December 7 @ 7:40 p.m.
O
Site: La Casona, President Perez' private home.
It's still undecided whether it will be outdoors on
the large patio (tented) or the indoor dining room.
Pantheon -- Tomb of Bolivar and other liberators
No remarks, but this would be great to use in business
luncheon or embassy greetings, as POTUS will have just
participated in a wreathlaying ceremony there. Note that a
statue of Bolivar stands in D.C. down the street from State.
Other liberators at the Pantheon include: Garantia,
Jose Gregorio Monegas, Francisco Miranda. It is a beautiful
monument with splendid murals and frescoes; high vaulted
ceilings and stained glass windows. The paintings represent
scenes of the liberation of Venezuela.
26
CARACAS:
-- Capital of Venezuela
-- Birthplace of "Libertador Simon Bolivar"
-- Founded on July 25, 1567 by the Conqueror Diego
de Losada. He named it Santiago de Leon de
Caracas. The Lion (de leon) is quasi-official
symbol of the city.
-- The city of Caracas was mapped 9 years after
founding. It was exactly 24 square blocks with the
25th as it's center plaza. Today this area is the
colonial section of the city.
VENEZUELA:
-- Discovered by Columbus (just like the US) in 1498 on
his third voyage to the New World. First explored by
Alonso de Ojeda in 1499 -- according to legend, he
named it "Venezuela" or "Little Venice".
-- Achieved independence in 1821. Begun by Francisco
de Miranda and completed by Simon Bolivar.
SITES YOU MAY WANT TO MENTION:
-- Iglesia de San Francisco: (Church of S.F.) Church and
convent built in 1575. Simon Bolivar prayed here often.
It was in this church that he was given the title "liber-
tador" (liberator) and made Captain General of the V.
armies. His state funeral took place here in 1813. It's
open to public tours.
-- El Capitolio Nacional: (The Nat'l Capital). Next to the
legislative palace. Topped by a gleaming dome. Built in
1877. Now used only for the inauguration of the
President.
Inside are 52 paintings depicting historical V. events.
The most magnificent is on the ceiling of the dome; it
shows Bolivar winning the V. Battle of Independence at
Carabobo. The Declaration of Independence is housed
here.
-- Consejo de Municipal: Old seminary built in 1641. In
the center are fountains with the symbol of the city, the
lion. The Declaration of Independence was signed here in
July 5, 1811.
-- Casa Natal: Bolivar's birthplace.
-- La Catedral: (the Cathedral) Mirrors the tumultous
history of Caracas. It was destroyed by earthquakes
in 1641, 1766, and 1812 and rebuilt each time. In the
Cathedral are the crypts of the Bolivar family.
Famous Artists:
Marisol
Jacobo Borges
Jesus Soto
Mateo Manaure
Alejandro Otero
Carlos Cruz Dias
All are internationally known.
28
<DIST>SIT:
PACELLI
MSGS
<PREC> IMMEDIATE<CLAS> UNCLASSIFIED<OSRI> RUEHME<DTG> 082312Z NOV 90
<ORIG>FM AMEMBASSY MEXICO
<TO>TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 5088
RUEHIA/USIA WASHDC IMMEDIATE 7973
<SUBJ>SUBJECT: DRAFT PUBLIC STATEMENTS AND REMARKS
To: Mah long
<TEXT>
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 06 MEXICO 30448
DEPT FOR ARA/MEX
Spee h writers
DEPT FOR A/TSS JEANNIE BULL
USIA FOR AR
E.O. 12356: N/A
TAGS: OVIP (PRESIDENT BUSH, GEORGE)
From Dr futher
SUBJECT: DRAFT PUBLIC STATEMENTS AND REMARKS
REF: EMBASSY-ARA FAX
HEREWITH MISSION TRANSMITS DRAFT PRESIDENTIAL PUBLIC
STATEMENTS AND REMARKS. THEY ARE PRESENTED IN THE
ORDER IN WHICH THEY WILL BE DELIVERED.
1. CONTINGENT PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS SHOULD ARRIVAL
STATEMENT BE NECESSARY AT MONTERREY AIRPORT,
NOVEMBER 26, 1990
FOREIGN MINISTER SOLANA, FRIENDS AND NEIGHBORS:
I WANT TO SAY FIRST OF ALL HOW PLEASED I AM TO BE
HERE IN MEXICO TO CONSULT WITH PRESIDENT SALINAS AND
TO HEAR THE VIEWS OF HIS CLOSEST ADVISORS.
THIS REGULAR EXCHANGE OF VISITS REFLECTS THE
PERMANENT IMPORTANCE MEXICO HAS FOR THE PEOPLE OF
THE UNITED STATES.
THERE'S so MUCH WE CAN DO TOGETHER TO ENSURE THE
HEALTH, WELFARE AND PROSPERITY OF OUR SOCIETIES AND
ECONOMIES. AT THE TOP OF THE AGENDA RANK ISSUES
LIKE FREE TRADE, THE WAR AGAINST DRUGS, EDUCATION
AND THE ENVIRONMENT. THEY ALL REQUIRE CAREFUL
ASSESSMENT TO SUSTAIN THE KIND OF EXCITING PROGRESS
WE HAVE SEEN IN THE U.S.-MEXICO RELATIONSHIP OVER
THE LAST TWO YEARS.
AND I KNOW THAT'S THE KIND OF ASSESSMENT THEYLL
GET. I'M PROUD TO SAY THAT PRESIDENT SALINAS AND I
HAVE COME TO SHARE A FRANK AND OPEN DIALOGUE ON THE
FULL RANGE OF BILATERAL AND INTERNATIONAL ISSUES.
IN THE NEXT TWO DAYS I LOOK FORWARD TO SPENDING TIME
WITH HIM HERE IN THE PART OF THE COUNTRY HE AND HIS
FAMILY CALL HOME. IN THE PROCESS, I'M SURE THAT I
WILL GET TO KNOW MEXICO AND THE MEXICAN PEOPLE
BETTER, TOO, AND THAT, MOST ASSUREDLY, IS ALL TO THE
GOOD.
COMMUNICATION IS THE KEY TO FACING THE MANY
CHALLENGES THAT LIE AHEAD OF US. IT'S THE SUREST
WAY I KNOW OF TO STRENGTHEN AN OVERWHELMINGLY
POSITIVE BILATERAL PARTNERSHIP--A PARTNERSHIP BASED
NOT JUST ON COMMON INTERESTS BUT ALSO ON THE
FRIENDSHIP, CANDOR AND MUTUAL RESPECT THAT BIND OUR
TWO GREAT NATIONS so CLOSELY TOGETHER.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
2. CONTINGENT PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS IF FORMAL
ARRIVAL CEREMONY IS HELD AT AGUALEGUAS, NOVEMBER 26,
1990
PRESIDENT AND MRS. SALINAS, MAYOR REYNALDO CANALES
VELA, FRIENDS, AND NEIGHBORS:
I COME HERE TODAY TO CARRY ON A TRADITION
ESTABLISHED BY MANY PRESIDENTS BEFORE US. MEXICO
AND THE UNITED STATES ARE NEIGHBORS, CLOSE
NEIGHBORS, AND WE HAVE THINGS TO TALK ABOUT. LIKE
OMI
SIDES
Or
THOSE
DISTANCE, WE HAVE RISEN UP ON THE SAME CONTINENT AND
COME TOGETHER TO BUILD A VAST RELATIONSHIP -- BROAD
AND SOLID AT THE BASE, WEATHERED IN PLACES BUT
STRENGTHENED BY TIME AND ARCHING UPWARDS.
OUR PEOPLE, OUR CULTURES, OUR DIFFICULTIES AND OUR
ACCOMPLISHMENTS ALL HAVE BROUGHT US TOGETHER.
MANAGING so MUCH INTERACTION EFFECTIVELY ALWAYS HAS
BEEN A CHALLENGE, AND IT HAS NEVER BEEN MORE
IMPORTANT TO MEET THAT CHALLENGE THAN TODAY.
IN MY MANY AND FREQUENT TALKS WITH PRESIDENT SALINAS
SINCE WE BOTH WERE ELECTED, I THINK WE HAVE
ESTABLISHED A NEW CLARITY IN THIS RELATIONSHIP --
ABOUT THE PROBLEMS WE WANT TO SEE SOLVED, AND THE
OPPORTUNITIES WE THINK OUGHT TO BE SEIZED.
PROGRESS, CONCRETE MEASURES TAKEN ACROSS THE BREADTH
UNCLAS SECTION 02 OF 06 MEXICO 30448
DEPT FOR ARA/MEX
DEPT FOR A/TSS JEANNIE BULL
USIA FOR AR
E.O. 12356: N/A
TAGS: OVIP (PRESIDENT BUSH, GEORGE)
SUBJECT: DRAFT PUBLIC STATEMENTS AND REMARKS
OF OUR IMMENSE RELATIONSHIP, IS WHAT EACH OF US SEEK.
THAT'S THE AGENDA FOR OUR DISCUSSIONS THE NEXT TWO
DAYS: BUILDING PROSPERITY THROUGH A FREE TRADE
AGREEMENT, COOPERATING IN THE WAR AGAINST DRUGS,
WORKING TOGETHER ON EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGES AND THE
ENVIRONMENT, AND CONSULTING ON THE GRAVE CRISIS THAT
CONFRONTS US ALL IN THE PERSIAN GULF.
BY BEGINNING THESE TALKS HERE IN PRESIDENT SALINAS'
HOME TOWN, IT SEEMS TO ME THAT WE ARE ROOTING OUR
EXCITING PLANS FOR THE FUTURE IN THE RIGHT SOIL --
THE SOIL OF FAMILY AND COMMUNITY VALUES.
MR. PRESIDENT, AS WE FLEW HERE THIS AFTERNOON, I
COULD NOT HELP THINKING HOW SIMILAR THIS LONESOME
MEXICAN GRASSLAND IS TO THE GREAT EXPANSES OF TEXAS
ON THE OTHER SIDE OF THE BORDER. FROM THE EAGLE'S
EYE VIEW, WHETHER IT'S THE AZTEC EAGLE OR THE
AMERICAN BALD EAGLE, IT ALL LOOKS LIKE HOME.
IT'S AN HONOR AND A PRIVILEGE TO BE HERE AS YOUR
GUEST.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
3. DRAFT PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS AT FIESTA FOLLOWING
CHARREADA IN AGUALEGUAS, NOVEMBER 26, 1990
PRESIDENT AND MRS. SALINAS:
LET ME JUST SAY HOW DELIGHTED BARBARA AND I ARE TO
BE HERE IN YOUR HOME TOWN OF AGUALEGUAS AND TO BE
ABLE TO SPEND THE KIND OF INFORMAL TIME TOGETHER WE
SHARED AT CAMP DAVID LAST YEAR.
TO MAYOR REYNALDO CANALES VELA, AND THE PEOPLE OF
AGUALEGUAS:
LET ME JUST SAY HOW THRILLED WE ARE TO JOIN YOU, AND
HOW DEEPLY GRATEFUL WE ARE FOR YOUR WONDERFUL
HOSPITALITY.
IT'S OBVIOUS TO ME WHERE YOUR PRESIDENT GETS HIS
SPECIAL TOUCH AND WHY HE IS so CLOSE TO THE NEEDS
AND FEELINGS OF THE PEOPLE OF MEXICO.
HE COMES FROM THE PEOPLE RIGHT HERE IN AGUALEGUAS,
AND HE HAS NEVER LOST HIS ROOTS IN THE SMALL TOWN
FAMILY VALUES OF COMMUNITY AND FAMILY.
THERE'S TRUST HERE, AND WARMTH, AND SOME OF THE BEST
HORSEMANSHIP I'VE SEEN IN YEARS.
AS I LOOK AROUND THIS PRETTY PLAZA, I REALIZE THIS
IS A GLIMPSE OF MEXICO I'LL NEVER FORGET.
MR. PRESIDENT, THANK YOU so MUCH FOR HAVING US HERE
AMONG YOUR FAMILY AND FRIENDS.
4. DRAFT PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS ON STEPS OF
GOVERNOR'S PALACE, NOVEMBER 26, 1990
PRESIDENT SALINAS, GOVERNOR TREVINO, MAYOR RIZZO,
FRIENDS AND NEIGHBORS:
THANK YOU FOR YOUR WARM WORDS OF WELCOME. IT'S
WONDERFUL TO BE IN MEXICO, AND IT'S WONDERFUL TO BE
IN MONTERREY.
AS I LOOK OUT AT THIS BEAUTIFUL MACRO PLAZA, I
REALIZE THAT I STAND BEFORE MEXICO'S GREATEST HEROES.
HIDALGO AND MORELOS, WHO SET THIS GREAT NATION ON
THE ROAD TO INDEPENDENCE.
JUAREZ AND ESCOBEDO, WHO DEFINED AND DEFENDED THE
PRINCIPLES OF JUSTICE AND FREEDOM THAT GUIDE THE
MEXICAN STATE EVEN TO THIS DAY.
PRESIDENT CARLOS SALINAS DE GORTARI, WHO IS
MODERNIZING MEXICO WITHIN ITS OWN CHERISHED
UNCLAS SECTION 03 OF 06 MEXICO 30448
DEPT FOR ARA/MEX
DEPT FOR A/TSS JEANNIE BULL
USIA FOR AR
E.O. 12356: N/A
TAGS: OVIP (PRESIDENT BUSH, GEORGE)
SUBJECT: DRAFT PUBLIC STATEMENTS AND REMARKS
FRAMEWORK OF VALUES AND BELIEFS.
AND THE MEXICAN PEOPLE THEMSELVES, ALL OF YOU HERE
TONIGHT, WHO HAVE HELPED CREATE THIS GREAT CITY OF
MONTERREY, THIS GREAT STATE OF NUEVO LEON, AND THIS
GREAT COUNTRY OF MEXICO.
I COME HERE MYSELF TO SHOW THE ENORMOUS RESPECT THE
PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES HAVE FOR YOUR DYNAMISM
AND VIGOR.
AS YOU KNOW, I AM A TEXAN, A NEIGHBOR NEAR AT HAND.
AND I THINK THE TIME I'VE SPENT UNDER THE BIG SKY
DOWN HERE GIVES ME ALL THE MORE REASON TO ADMIRE
YOUR VISION AND YOUR ACCOMPLISHMENTS.
WHEN FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT CAME TO MONTERREY IN
1943 TO MEET WITH PRESIDENT AVILA CAMACHO, TEXAS AND
MEXICO WERE QUIET PARTS OF THE GLOBE, FAR AWAY FROM
THE CENTER STAGE OF A WORLD AT WAR.
so WHEN MY WIFE BARBARA AND I CAME SOUTH AFTER THE
WAR HAS OVER, WE NEVER IMAGINED THAT FORTY YEARS
LATER WE WOULD BE VISITING A BORDER THAT MIGHT WELL
BE CALLED THE FRONTIER OF THE FUTURE.
YET THAT IS THE SPLENDID COURSE HISTORY HAS TAKEN.
MEXICO AND THE UNITED STATES ARE ON THE MOVE. AND
IN OUR CONSULTATIONS PRESIDENT SALINAS AND I ARE
DISCUSSING HOW WE CAN GO EVEN FURTHER IN BUILDING A
STRONGER RELATIONSHIP FULL OF EXCITING NEW IDEAS AND
OPPORTUNITIES.
WE WANT TO SEE IF WE CAN ADVANCE THE IDEA OF FREE
TRADE, so VITAL TO OUR CREATING JOBS AND PROSPERITY
IN YOUR ECONOMY AND OUR OWN. WE WANT TO CONSULT ON
HOW WE CAN PUT AN END TO THE SCOURGE OF DRUGS, so
THREATENING TO OUR YOUTH. WE HAVE A PRECIOUS
ENVIRONMENT TO PROTECT AND FUTURE GENERATIONS TO
EDUCATE--THESE ARE THEMES WE MUST ADDRESS AS WELL.
AND OF COURSE THERE IS A CHANGING AND IN SOME CASES
TROUBLED WORLD BEYOND OUR BORDERS. WHAT CAN EACH OF
US DO TO MAKE PEACE AND PROSPERITY THE FOUNDATIONS
OF A NEW WORLD ORDER? THE RECONSTRUCTION OF CENTRAL
AMERICA, THE PEACEFUL RESTORATION OF THE LEGITIMATE
GOVERNMENT OF KUWAIT, AND THE SUCCESSFUL CONCLUSION
OF WORLD TRADE TALKS UNDER GATT ARE A FEW OF THE
THEMES WE ALREADY HAVE BEGUN TO DISCUSS.
WHAT WE SEEK, TO PUT IT SIMPLY, IS A WORLD THAT
LOOKS LIKE THE U.S. MEXICO RELATIONSHIP
ITSELF--ORIENTED TOWARDS COOPERATION, COMMUNICATION,
AND RESPECTFUL PARTNERSHIP IN SEIZING THE MANY
OPPORTUNITIES THAT LIE BEFORE US.
LOOKING OUT AT YOU AND THE STATUES OF YOUR GREAT
MEN, IT'S CLEAR TO ME THAT HISTORY IS ON OUR SIDE.
ABUNDANT MORAL RESERVES GIVE US DIRECTION AND GIVE
US COURAGE.
AND IN PRESIDENT SALINAS, I KNOW I HAVE THE KIND OF
FRIEND WHO WILL ANSWER ANY CHALLENGE WITH THE SAME
IDEALS THAT MOVE ME AND THE PEOPLE OF THE UNITED
STATES. HARD WORK, TOTAL CANDOR AND FULL RESPECT
WILL BE OUR GUIDES AS WE JOIN TOGETHER IN BUILDING A
STRONGER MEXICO, A STRONGER UNITED STATES, AND A
BETTER WORLD.
THANK YOU FOR YOUR WARM RECEPTION, GOD BLESS YOU
ALL, AND VIVA MEXICO!
5. DRAFT PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS ON RECEIVING KEYS TO
MONTERREY, NOVEMBER 26, 1990
MAYOR RIZZO:
IT IS AN HONOR TO ACCEPT THE KEYS TO THE CITY OF
MONTERREY, A GREAT CAPITAL OF INDUSTRY, TECHNOLOGY,
SCHOLARSHIP AND CULTURE.
MONTERREY'S SPIRIT AND ENERGY ARE THE ESSENCE OF
UNCLAS SECTION 04 OF 06 MEXICO 30448
DEPT FOR ARA/MEX
DEPT FOR A/TSS JEANNIE BULL
USIA FOR AR
E.O. 12356: N/A
TAGS: OVIP (PRESIDENT BUSH, GEORGE)
SUBJECT: DRAFT PUBLIC STATEMENTS AND REMARKS
MEXICAN MODERNIZATION AND CREATIVITY.
FOR YOU AND YOUR FELLOW CITIZENS, WHAT CAN BE
DREAMED CAN BE ACCOMPLISHED, AND WHAT CAN BE
IMAGINED CAN BE FORGED. WITH THAT APPROACH TO THE
FUTURE, YOU ARE THE BEST FRIENDS I AND THE PEOPLE OF
THE UNITED STATES COULD EVER HAVE.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
6. DRAFT PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS ON CREATION OF U.S. -
MEXICO COMMISSION ON EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL
EXCHANGE, NOVEMBER 27, 1990
PRESIDENT SALINAS:
THIS AGREEMENT, CREATING THE U.S. - MEXICO
COMMISSION ON EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL EXCHANGE, IS
A MAJOR STEP FORWARD FOR US ALL. IT WILL HELP US
DEVELOP THE FUTURE LEADERS WE NEED TO SUSTAIN THE
POLICY ADVANCES OUR TWO GOVERNMENTS ARE WORKING so
HARD TO ACHIEVE.
FURTHER, IT WILL BRING OUR TWO SOCIETIES CLOSER
TOGETHER IN NEW AND CREATIVE WAYS, GENERATING FRESH
APPROACHES TO OUR EVOLVING CULTURAL AND INTELLECTUAL
REALITIES.
I CANNOT THINK OF A BETTER SYMBOL OF OUR FRIENDSHIP
THAN A BINATIONAL COMMISSION THAT IS DIRECTED BY A
BOARD DRAWN FROM THE PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SECTORS
ALIKE. THIS GUARANTEES THAT THE RIGHT QUESTIONS
ALWAYS WILL BE ASKED, AND THE BEST ANSWERS ALWAYS
WILL BE GIVEN.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
7. DRAFT PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS FOR USE AT MEETING
WITH BUSINESSMEN IN MONTERREY CASINO, NOVEMBER 27,
1990
SECRETARY SERRA, SECRETARY MOSBACHER, FRIENDS AND
NEIGHBORS:
WE'RE MAKING IMPORTANT PROGRESS IN EVERY DIMENSION
OF OUR RELATIONSHIP WITH MEXICO. MORE PEOPLE CROSS
THE BORDER THAN EVER BEFORE. MORE ILLEGAL DRUGS ARE
BEING SEIZED THAN EVER BEFORE. MORE UNIVERSITIES
ARE DEVELOPING EXCHANGE PROGRAMS THAN EVER BEFORE.
AND MORE IS BEING DONE BETWEEN US TO PROTECT OUR
PRECIOUS ENVIRONMENT -- UP HERE ALONG THE BORDER AND
AS FAR SOUTH AS THE LACONDON TROPICAL FOREST.
BUT IT IS DIFFICULT TO IMAGINE ANY THEME MORE
IMPORTANT THAN THE ONE YOU ARE DISCUSSING HERE THIS
MORNING.
YOU IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR CREATE THE ECONOMIC
RESOURCES THAT SUSTAIN OUR RELATIONSHIP AS A WHOLE,
AND THAT'S WHY THE NEGOTIATION OF A FREE TRADE
AGREEMENT BETWEEN MEXICO AND THE UNITED STATES IS so
VITAL.
FREE TRADE MEANS JOBS, INVESTMENTS, PRODUCTIVITY AND
PROSPERITY. I KNOW YOU IN MEXICO HAVE LONG
UNDERSTOOD THE ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF THE UNITED
STATES. NOW WE SEE JUST AS CLEARLY THE ECONOMIC
IMPORTANCE OF MEXICO. FOR US YOU ARE OUR NUMBER
THREE TRADING PARTNER IN ALL THE WORLD. $52 BILLION
DOLLARS LAST YEAR, AND THE NUMBERS ARE RISING THIS
YEAR TOWARDS A TOTAL THAT IS EVEN HIGHER.
SINCE WE CALCULATE THAT EVERY BILLION DOLLARS OF
EXPORTS CREATES 25,000 JOBS, WE ARE TALKING ABOUT
MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE WELFARE OF MANY, MANY
MEXICANS AND AMERICANS.
IN HIS RECENT STATE OF THE NATION ADDRESS, PRESIDENT
SALINAS SAID MEXICO DOESN'T WANT TO BE A THIRD WORLD
NATION; IT WANTS TO BE A FIRST WORLD NATION.
WELL, THAT'S WHAT WE WANT FOR MEXICO, TOO, AND
UNCLAS SECTION 05 OF 06 MEXICO 30448
DEPT FOR ARA/MEX
DEPT FOR A/TSS JEANNIE BULL
USIA FOR AR
E.O. 12356: N/A
TAGS: OVIP (PRESIDENT BUSH, GEORGE)
SUBJECT: DRAFT PUBLIC STATEMENTS AND REMARKS
THAT'S WHAT WE SEE HAPPENING.
IN YOUR AUTOMOTIVE, ELECTRONIC TOURISM AND OTHER
INDUSTRIES, YOU HAVE WORLD-CLASS PRODUCTIVE
CAPABILITIES. MORE THAN THAT, YOU'VE GOT YOUTH,
DRIVE, AND DREAMS ON YOUR SIDE. AND WE THINK THAT'S
GOOD FOR US BOTH -- A MEXICO THAT WANTS TO GET OUT
AND COMPETE, A MEXICO WITH PURCHASING POWER AND A
MEXICO WITH SELLING POWER.
WHEN THE ECONOMIC CRISIS HIT MEXICO HARD IN THE
EARLY 1980S, OUR SOUTHWEST BORDER SUFFERED.
FORTUNATELY, THE PRINCIPLE WORKS THE SAME WAY IN
REVERSE. YOU GROW, WE GROW.
AS WE ENTER INTO THE PROCESS OF NEGOTIATING A FREE
TRADE AGREEMENT, I KNOW THAT MANY OF YOU WILL BE AS
BURDENED BY WORRIES AS YOU ARE BUOYED UP BY PLANS.
AND WE'LL HEAR CRITICISMS, JUST AS WE DID WHEN WE
NEGOTIATED THE FREE TRADE AGREEMENT WITH CANADA.
BUT LET'S LOOK AT WHAT TRADE LIBERALIZATION ALREADY
HAS DONE FOR US. MEXICO ENTERS GATT, AND BILATERAL
TRADE SOARS FROM $35 BILLION IN 1987 TO THE $52
BILLION I JUST CITED IN 1989. THE IN-BOND INDUSTRY
TAKES HOLD AND REACHES GROWTH RATES OF 20& A YEAR,
CREATING A HALF A MILLION JOBS.
THERE'S A WORLDWIDE CONSENSUS IN FAVOR OF FREE
TRADE, BUT NOT EVERYONE HAS THE VISION TO MAKE IT
HAPPEN. I THINK MEXICO AND THE UNITED STATES DO
HAVE THAT VISION, AND WE WILL BE LOOKING TO YOU,
FAR-SIGHTED BUSINESSPEOPLE, NOT ONLY TO MAKE IT
HAPPEN, BUT TO MAKE IT SUCCEED.
THANK
YOU
8. DRAFT PRESIDENTIAL TOAST AT STATE LUNCHEON,
NOVEMBER 27, 1990
PRESIDENT SALINAS, IF I MAY, I WOULD LIKE TO RAISE
MY GLASS TO YOU IN THANKS FOR YOUR FRIENDSHIP, YOUR
COUNSEL AND YOUR COMMITMENT TO A STRONGER
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OUR TWO COUNTRIES.
WHEN WE FIRST MET IN HOUSTON IN 1988, NEITHER OF US
HAD ASSUMED OFFICE, BUT BOTH OF US WERE FULLY AWARE
OF THE CHALLENGES WE WOULD FACE IN GIVING THIS
RELATIONSHIP LEADERSHIP AND DIRECTION.
SPEAKING FOR THE UNITED STATES, NO COUNTRY IS MORE
IMPORTANT TO US THAN MEXICO. OUR SOUTHWEST BEARS
THE IMPRINT OF YOUR CULTURE. YOU ARE OUR THIRD
LARGEST TRADING PARTNER. TWELVE MILLION AMERICANS
CALL MEXICO THEIR MADRE PATRIA, AND CHALLENGES SUCH
AS CONFLICT IN CENTRAL AMERICA AND POWERFUL
NARCO-TRAFFICKERS IN THE ANDES TEST OUR WILL AND OUR
WISDOM.
YET IN HOUSTON AND IN OUR FIVE MEETINGS SINCE THEN,
YOU ALWAYS HAVE BROUGHT MEXICO'S PERSPECTIVE INTO
POSITIVE FOCUS, POINTING THE WAY TO THE KIND OF
COMMUNICATION AND COOPERATION THAT HAS BENEFITTED US
BOTH SO MUCH.
PERHAPS NO GESTURE OF MEXICO'S GOODWILL AND INTEREST
HAS BEEN MORE EXPRESSIVE THAN THE MAGNIFICENT
EXHIBITION, "MEXICO: THIRTY CENTURIES OF SPLENDOUR,"
NOW ON DISPLAY AT THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART IN
NEW YORK.
NOW WE ARE ON THE VERGE OF NEGOTIATING AN HISTORIC
FREE TRADE AGREEMENT WHICH WILL BE THE SYMBOL OF HOW
FAR OUR TWO COUNTRIES HAVE COME IN LEARNING TO
UNDERSTAND, TRUST, AND WORK WITH ONE ANOTHER.
THIS AGREEMENT WILL UNLEASH POWERFUL ENERGIES IN
BOTH OUR ECONOMIES. COUNTLESS NEW VENTURES WILL
EMERGE. JOBS, HIGHER-STANDARDS OF LIVING, AND
GREATER PRODUCTIVITY WILL MAKE US BOTH MORE
COMPETITIVE ON THE GLOBAL SCENE.
UNCLAS SECTION 06 OF 06 MEXICO 30448
DEPT FOR ARA/MEX
DEPT FOR A/TSS JEANNIE BULL
USIA FOR AR
E.O. 12356: N/A
TAGS: OVIP (PRESIDENT BUSH, GEORGE)
SUBJECT: DRAFT PUBLIC STATEMENTS AND REMARKS
MR. PRESIDENT, A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO COUNTRIES
THAT ARE so DIFFERENT WILL ALWAYS BE A CHALLENGE,
BUT YOUR PENETRATING INSIGHT INTO OUR COMMON
INTERESTS AND LASTING FRIENDSHIP HAS RADICALLY
ALTERED ITS TERMS FOR THE BETTER.
IN YOUR SECOND STATE OF THE NATION ADDRESS, YOU
EMPHASIZED MEXICO'S DETERMINATION TO REACH OUT TO
GLOBAL CHANGE AND SEEK TO EMBRACE IT. WITHOUT
MINIMIZING UNCERTAINTY, YOU SAW FRESH HOPE. WITHOUT
IGNORING RISKS, YOU CELEBRATED NEW FREEDOMS.
MR. PRESIDENT, I SHARE YOU VIEWS AND CELEBRATE THEM
MYSELF. WE ARE NOT ON AN EASY PATH, BUT I FIRMLY
BELIEVE WE ARE ON THE RIGHT ONE, AND THERE IS NO ONE
WITH WHOM I WOULD RATHER TRAVEL IT THAN WITH YOU AND
THE MEXICAN PEOPLE.
I RAISE MY GLASS TO THE GREAT LEADER OF A GREAT
NATION, PRESIDENT CARLOS SALINAS DE GORTARI.
9. DRAFT PRESIDENTIAL STATEMENT FOR USE, IF
NECESSARY AT MONTERREY AIRPORT DEPARTURE CEREMONIES,
NOVEMBER 27, 1990
PRESIDENT SALINAS, GOVERNOR TREVINO, FRIENDS AND
NEIGHBORS:
I LEAVE MONTERREY MORE FIRMLY CONVINCED THAN EVER
BEFORE THAT MEXICO AND THE UNITED STATES ARE SEIZING
EVERY OPPORTUNITY TO PREPARE OUR BILATERAL
RELATIONSHIP FOR THE GLOBAL COMPETITION OF THE 1990S.
IN MY TALKS WITH PRESIDENT SALINAS, WE AGREED ON THE
NEED TO ADVANCE BOTH THE URUGUAY ROUND OF GATT AND
OUR BILATERAL FREE TRADE AGREEMENT AS EXPEDITIOUSLY
AS POSSIBLE.
THERE'S NO TIME TO LOSE IN MODERNIZING OUR ECONOMIC
COOPERATION AND PUTTING IT TO WORK IN CREATING JOBS,
RAISING PRODUCTIVITY, AND FACILITATING
COST-EFFECTIVE INVESTMENTS.
A STRONG MEXICO IS GOOD FOR THE UNITED STATES, A
STRONG UNITED STATES IS GOOD FOR MEXICO, AND FREE
TRADE IS A SURE PATH TO GREATER PROSPERITY FOR US
BOTH.
AT THE SAME TIME, WE DISCUSSED WAYS TO ENSURE THAT
OUR SOCIETIES ARE AS HEALTHY AS OUR ECONOMIES ARE
DYNAMIC. THE WAR AGAINST DRUGS, EDUCATIONAL AND
ENVIRONMENTAL COOPERATION, AND CLOSE COORDINATION
ALL ALONG OUR 2,000 MILE BORDER ARE WAYS TC REACH
THIS GOAL.
PRESIDENT SALINAS, YOUR LEADERSHIP HAS DONE so MUCH
TO MAKE A STRENGTHENED PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN MEXICO
AND THE UNITED STATES POSSIBLE. YOUR FAR-SIGHTED
COMMITMENT TO MODERNIZATION, ELOQUENTLY EXPRESSED IN
YOUR RECENT STATE OF THE NATION ADDRESS, POINTS THE
WAY TO BILATERAL COOPERATION THAT SIMPLY IS BETTER
THAN EVER.
MY IMPRESSION THESE LAST TWO DAYS PERSUADE ME THAT A
NEW MEXICO IS IN THE MAKING. MONTERREY'S INDUSTRIAL
RESILIENCE, AGUALEGUAS' HEART, AND NUEVO LEON'S
ENERGY GIVE MEXICO'S FUTURE UNIQUE PROMISE. OUR
RELATIONSHIP, OUR HEMISPHERE, AND OUR WORLD ARE SURE
TO BE THE BENFICIARIES OF YOUR SUCCESS.
BARBARA AND I THANK YOU AND CECILIA FOR YOUR
WONDERFUL HOSPITALITY, AND WE LOOK FORWARD TO
RECEIVING YOU BOTH WHEN WE NEXT MEET IN THE UNITED
STATES.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH. NEGROPONTE
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