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George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
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Presidential Medals of Freedom, 7/6/89
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1
1
REMARKS: PRESIDENTIAL MEDAL OF FREEDOM
EAST ROOM
JULY 6, 1989
11:45 A.M.
THANK YOU. As PRESIDENT, I HAVE BEEN LOOKING
FORWARD TO ONE OF THE MOST DISTINGUISHED DUTIES OF THIS
OFFICE -- THE PRIVILEGE OF PRESENTING THIS NATION'S
HIGHEST CIVILIAN HONOR, THE PRESIDENTIAL MEDAL OF
FREEDOM.
- 2 -
THE FIRST PRESIDENTIAL MEDAL OF FREEDOM RECIPIENTS
WERE CHOSEN BY PRESIDENT KENNEDY, BUT SOON AFTER HIS
DEATH THEY WERE AWARDED BY PRESIDENT JOHNSON, ALONG
WITH SOME OF PRESIDENT JOHNSON'S CHOICES. SOME OF THE
FIRST WINNERS INCLUDED MARIAN ANDERSON, FELIX
FRANKFURTER AND, OF COURSE, A POSTHUMOUS MEDAL TO
PRESIDENT KENNEDY -- ALL AMERICAN HEROES.
- 3 -
AND TODAY I FIND MYSELF STANDING WITH FOUR MORE
AMERICAN HEROES WHO EMBODY THE ACHIEVEMENT, VISION AND
DEDICATION THAT IS THE GREATNESS OF THIS COUNTRY. You
HAVE LEFT AN INDELIBLE MARK AS YOU HAVE ENRICHED THIS
NATION, AND AMERICA IS GRATEFUL.
EACH ONE HERE TODAY IS A PIONEER:
GENERAL JAMES DOOLITTLE, A TRAILBLAZER IN MODERN
AVIATION; AMBASSADOR GEORGE KENNAN, TRULY A VISIONARY
WHO FORESAW THE FUTURE OF SOVIET-AMERICAN RELATIONS;
- 4 -
SENATOR MARGARET CHASE SMITH, A BOLD ACHIEVER WHO STOOD
ALONE AGAINST THE TIDE OF EXTREMISM; SECRETARY DOUGLAS
DILLON, AN UNPARALLELED PUBLIC SERVANT WHO SHAPED
AMERICAN FOREIGN AND ECONOMIC POLICY; AND FINALLY, A
FIFTH GREAT AMERICAN WHO IS NOT WITH US -- THE LATE
LUCILLE BALL, FIRST LADY OF TELEVISION TO UNCOUNTABLE
MILLIONS WORLDWIDE.
- 5 -
GENERAL JIMMY DOOLITTLE IS AN AMERICAN WAR HERO, A
RECORD-BREAKING PILOT, AND AN INNOVATOR IN MODERN
AVIATION.
AFTER SERVING HIS COUNTRY AS A FLYING CADET IN
WORLD WAR I, GENERAL DOOLITTLE MADE THE FIRST CROSS-
COUNTRY FLIGHT WITH ONLY ONE REFUELING STOP. HE SET
LAND- AND SEA-PLANE SPEED RECORDS. HE WAS THE FIRST TO
FLY "BLIND" -- BY INSTRUMENTS ONLY. INDEED, JIMMY
DOOLITTLE WAS "THE MASTER OF THE CALCULATED RISK."
- 6 -
WHEN THE UNITED STATES ENTERED WORLD WAR II,
GENERAL DOOLITTLE WAS ASSIGNED A TOP-SECRET MISSION
THAT WAS "PERHAPS THE MOST DARING COMBINED OPERATION OF
THE WHOLE WAR." HE LED THE FIRST OFFENSIVE AERIAL
STRIKE ON THE JAPANESE MAINLAND AFTER PEARL HARBOR.
THIS COURAGEOUS ONE-WAY MISSION ELECTRIFIED THE WORLD
AND GAVE AMERICA'S WAR HOPES A TERRIFIC LIFT.
- 7 -
DURING THE WAR, GENERAL DOOLITTLE ALSO DIRECTED U.S.
AIRPOWER IN THE INVASION OF AFRICA, AND PARTICIPATED IN
25 MISSIONS INCLUDING THE FIRST ATTACK ON ROME.
GENERAL DOOLITTLE IS TRULY THE FATHER OF MODERN
AVIATION. FOR HIS DEDICATION ABOVE AND BEYOND THE CALL
OF DUTY, FOR HIS BRAVERY AND VALOR, AND FOR HIS
INNOVATION AND DARING, THE NATION THANKS HIM.
- 8 -
As A 27-YEAR CAREER DIPLOMAT, RENOWNED HISTORIAN
AND ASTUTE PROFESSOR, GEORGE KENNAN HAS SHAPED THE WAY
AMERICANS HAVE THOUGHT ABOUT FOREIGN POLICY IN THE
POSTWAR ERA.
As HEAD OF THE STATE DEPARTMENT'S POLICY PLANNING
STAFF, AS COUNSELOR OF THE DEPARTMENT, AND THEN AS
AMBASSADOR TO THE SOVIET UNION, HE HELPED OUR NATION
UNDERSTAND THE DANGERS IT FACED.
- 9 -
GEORGE KENNAN CONTRIBUTED MIGHTILY To THE POLITICAL AND
ECONOMIC RECONSTRUCTION OF EUROPE.
AFTER HIS RETIREMENT FROM GOVERNMENT, AMBASSADOR
KENNAN JOINED THE INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY AT
PRINCETON, AND TURNED HIS FORMIDABLE TALENTS TO
SCHOLARSHIP. HIS MANY BOOKS, WHICH EARNED HIM THE
PULITZER PRIZE AND THE NATIONAL BOOK AWARD AMONG OTHER
HONORS, DOCUMENT THE DIPLOMATIC HISTORY OF OUR MODERN
AGE.
- 10 -
THROUGH HIS WRITINGS, AND HIS GUIDANCE IN THE
KENNAN INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED RUSSIAN STUDIES, HE HAS
ADDED MORE TO OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE RELATIONSHIP
WITH THE SOVIET UNION THAN PERHAPS ANY OTHER INDIVIDUAL
AMERICAN.
TODAY WE STAND ON THE THRESHOLD OF A NEW ERA IN
THAT RELATIONSHIP, ONE THAT LOOKS BEYOND THE SUCCESSFUL
STRATEGY OF CONTAINMENT WHICH GEORGE KENNAN DID so MUCH
TO DEVELOP.
- 11 -
FOR HIS UNIQUE CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE NATIONAL SECURITY
OF THIS COUNTRY, THE UNITED STATES HONORS AMBASSADOR
GEORGE KENNAN.
- 12 -
MARGARET CHASE SMITH WAS THE FIRST WOMAN IN
AMERICAN HISTORY TO BE ELECTED TO BOTH HOUSES OF
CONGRESS, SERVING FOR 32 YEARS --HOLDING OFFICE UNDER
SIX PRESIDENTS, BEGINNING WITH FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT. HER
TALENT, INTELLECT, AND DISTINGUISHED SERVICE To THIS
COUNTRY RESULTED IN HER BECOMING THE FIRST WOMAN TO
HAVE HER NAME PLACED IN NOMINATION FOR PRESIDENT BY A
MAJOR POLITICAL PARTY.
- 13 -
SENATOR SMITH'S FINEST HOUR CAME WHEN SHE ISSUED
THE "DECLARATION OF CONSCIENCE," AN HISTORIC AND
COURAGEOUS SPEECH DENOUNCING McCARTHYISM. SHE SPOKE
OUT WHEN SO MANY OTHERS REMAINED SILENT.
SENATOR SMITH WAS INSTRUMENTAL IN IMPROVING THE
STATUS OF WOMEN IN THE ARMED SERVICES, AND WAS AN
OUTSPOKEN ADVOCATE OF A STRONG NUCLEAR DETERRENT IN THE
FACE OF THE SOVIET THREAT.
- 14 -
WE HONOR SENATOR SMITH TODAY FOR HER COMMITMENT TO
TRUTH AND HONESTY IN GOVERNMENT AND IN AMERICA, AND TO
STRENGTHENING AMERICA AT HOME AND ABROAD. SHE LOOKED
BEYOND THE POLITICS OF THE TIME TO SEE THE FUTURE OF
AMERICA, AND MADE US ALL BETTER FOR IT.
- 15 -
THE BRILLIANT ACHIEVEMENTS OF DOUGLAS DILLON RAISE
THE NOBILITY OF PUBLIC SERVICE TO NEW HEIGHTS.
HE BEGAN HIS CAREER AS A BUSINESSMAN WHO LATER
SERVED IN THE NAVY DURING WORLD WAR II. WHILE SERVING
IN THE EISENHOWER ADMINISTRATION AS AMBASSADOR TO
FRANCE AND LATER, AS UNDERSECRETARY OF STATE, MR.
DILLON PIONEERED AN AMBITIOUS FOREIGN AID POLICY. IN
LATIN AMERICA, HIS WORK WITH STRUGGLING ECONOMIES
STRENGTHENED DEMOCRATIC FORCES.
- 16 -
IN WESTERN EUROPE, HIS DETERMINED FOREIGN AID
STRATEGIES LED TO ECONOMIC AND MILITARY UNITY AMONG THE
ALLIES.
DOUGLAS DILLON ALSO SERVED PRESIDENT KENNEDY AS
SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY, AND BECAME ONE OF THE MOST
INFLUENTIAL MEMBERS OF THE CABINET. THE KENNEDY TAX
POLICY WAS REVOLUTIONARY AT THE TIME, AND DOUGLAS
DILLON WAS THE MAN WHO DEVELOPED THOSE POLICIES OF
LOWER TAXES -- POLICIES THAT WORKED.
- 17 -
BUT DOUGLAS DILLON'S DEDICATION WENT BEYOND SERVING
HIS NATION AS A PUBLIC SERVANT. UNDER HIS LEADERSHIP
AS CHAIRMAN, THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART BECAME THE
SECOND-LARGEST MUSEUM IN THE WORLD AFTER THE LOUVRE.
DOUGLAS DILLON DEDICATED HIMSELF TO MAKING AMERICA
STRONGER -- AS A DIPLOMAT, A PUBLIC SERVANT,
BUSINESSMAN AND PHILANTHROPIST -- TRULY A "RENAISSANCE
MAN." FOR THIS, HIS COUNTRYMEN SALUTE HIM.
- 18 -
LUCILLE BALL WAS KNOWN AS THE FIRST LADY OF
TELEVISION, ONE OF AMERICA'S GREATEST COMEDIENNES. THE
SERIES "I LOVE LUCY" QUICKLY MADE HER A HOUSEHOLD NAME
AND KEPT GENERATIONS OF AMERICANS LAUGHING. IN FACT,
ACCORDING TO TV GUIDE, HER FACE WAS SEEN "BY MORE
PEOPLE, MORE OFTEN, THAN THE FACE OF ANY HUMAN BEING
WHO EVER LIVED." "I LOVE LUCY" RAN IN OVER 80
COUNTRIES AND THE CUMULATIVE AUDIENCE RUNS IN THE TENS
OF BILLIONS.
- 19 -
WHO CAN FORGET LUCY? SHE WAS LIKE EVERYONE'S NEXT
DOOR NEIGHBOR -- ONLY FUNNIER. HER SECRET, SHE SAID,
WAS TO TAKE EVERYDAY THINGS AND EXAGGERATE THEM TO
FUNNY ABSURDITY. IT WORKED, AND SHE BECAME AN AMERICAN
SUCCESS STORY AND A BRILLIANT BUSINESSWOMAN.
LUCILLE BALL WAS A NATIONAL TREASURE WHO BROUGHT
LAUGHTER TO US ALL. LOVE Lucy? AMERICA LOVED LUCY.
THIS NATION IS GRATEFUL TO HER, AND WE'LL MISS HER
DEARLY.
- 20 -
Now, I AM PLEASED TO READ THE CITATIONS AND PRESENT
THE MEDALS TO EACH OF YOU:
AVIATION PIONEER AND MILITARY HERO, JAMES H.
DOOLITTLE IS A SYMBOL OF VISION AND COURAGE. HIS
NUMEROUS CONTRIBUTIONS TO AERONAUTICAL SCIENCE, OFTEN
AT GREAT PERSONAL HAZARD, EXTEND FROM THE EARLIEST
ACHIEVEMENTS IN LONG-DISTANCE FLYING TO THE AGE OF
ROCKETS.
- 21 -
IN THE UNIFORM OF HIS COUNTRY, GENERAL DOOLITTLE'S
HEROIC LEADERSHIP INSPIRED THE AMERICAN PEOPLE DURING
THE DARKEST HOURS OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR. IN PUBLIC
SERVICE, HE CONTINUED TO FOSTER AMERICAN ADVANCES IN
AERONAUTICS, THE CAUSE TO WHICH HE DEVOTED HIS LIFE.
FOR EXTRAORDINARY SERVICE TO HIS COUNTRY, THE
AMERICAN PEOPLE SALUTE ONE OF THEIR FOREMOST HEROES.
((PRESENT MEDAL))
- 22 -
CAREER DIPLOMAT, HISTORIAN, AND EDUCATOR, GEORGE
KENNAN HAS HELPED SHAPED AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY SINCE
1933. HIS MANY YEARS IN GOVERNMENT SERVICE, AND A
LIFETIME OF SCHOLARLY WRITINGS, REVEALED A DEEP INSIGHT
INTO EAST-WEST RELATIONS, A RECOGNITION OF THE
CHALLENGES OF TOTALITARIAN EXPANSION, AS WELL AS A MAN
OF EXTRAORDINARY SENSITIVITY.
FOR HIS SUCCESS IN ADVANCING OUR NATIONAL SECURITY,
AND FOR HIS MANY CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY OF
- 23 -
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS, GEORGE KENNAN'S FELLOW AMERICANS
PROUDLY HONOR HIM. ((PRESENT MEDAL))
- 24 -
As A UNITED STATES REPRESENTATIVE FOR EIGHT YEARS
AND AS A THREE-TERM SENATOR, MARGARET CHASE SMITH
SERVED THE PEOPLE OF MAINE AND THE NATION WITH
DISTINCTION. SHE INFLUENCED GREATLY THE DEVELOPMENT OF
OUR POST-WAR FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC POLICIES, AND HER
ABILITIES AND INDEPENDENT SPIRIT MADE HER ONE OF THE
MOST ADMIRED WOMEN IN AMERICA.
- 25 -
A FIRM BELIEVER IN A STRONG NATIONAL DEFENSE, HER
EFFORTS TO IMPROVE THE STATUS OF WOMEN IN THE NAVY
EARNED HER THE AFFECTIONATE TITLE "MOTHER OF THE
WAVES."
FOR MANY YEARS OF OUTSTANDING PUBLIC SERVICE,
AMERICA PROUDLY HONORS HER. ((PRESENT MEDAL))
- 26 -
IN A LIFETIME OF RESPONSIBLE POSITIONS, C. DOUGLAS
DILLON HAS DEDICATED HIMSELF To BETTERING AMERICA AND
THE WORLD.
BY FOSTERING EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND MILITARY UNITY,
HE FURTHERED THE CAUSE OF DEMOCRACY. THROUGH HIS
LEADERSHIP ON ECONOMIC ISSUES, HE HELPED MAKE POSSIBLE
THE MATERIAL ADVANCE OF A GENERATION.
- 27 -
THROUGH HIS DEDICATION TO THE ALLIANCE FOR
PROGRESS, HE MADE REAL FOR MILLIONS AMERICA'S
DETERMINATION TO PROMOTE SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT.
FOR SERVICE TO THREE PRESIDENTS; AND FOR COMMITMENT
TO HIS FELLOW MAN, AMERICA HONORS HIM. ((PRESENT
MEDAL))
- 28 -
A GIFTED COMEDIENNE KNOWN AND LOVED BY GENERATIONS
OF AUDIENCES AROUND THE WORLD, LUCILLE BALL LEFT A
LASTING IMPRESSION ON AMERICAN ENTERTAINMENT. FOR OVER
FIFTY YEARS, SHE WARMED THE HEARTS OF MILLIONS WITH HER
HUMOR, BOTH IN FILMS AND LATER ON TELEVISION, WHERE NO
PROGRAM WAS BETTER NAMED THAN "I LOVE Lucy." "
As PRESIDENT OF HER OWN PRODUCTION COMPANY, SHE SET
AN EXAMPLE WITH HER COMMITMENT TO PROGRAMMING OF
QUALITY FOR FAMILY ENJOYMENT.
- 29 -
Lucy's WORK CONTINUES TO BRING JOY AND LAUGHTER
INTO AMERICAN HOMES, AND A GRATEFUL NATION REMEMBERS
HER WITH LOVE AND APPRECIATION. ((PRESENT MEDAL TO
HUSBAND GARY MORTON))
- 30 -
THIS NATION IS A BETTER PLACE BECAUSE OF THE
CONTRIBUTIONS OF EACH OF YOU.
I THANK YOU, AND THE AMERICAN PEOPLE THANK YOU.
CONGRATULATIONS AND GOD BLESS YOU.
# # #
Bush's Eastern Bloc Trip Typifies
It was one of those rituals that Presidents adore. In the East
risk-taking seemed evident. The trip was not without its risks.
Room on July 6, George Bush bestowed Presidential Medals
The White House's expectations of huge crowds left reporters
of Freedom on five Americans "who embody," he said, "the
unimpressed with the turnout. In what he said and did, Bush
achievement, vision and dedication that is the greatness of
had to strike several balances. He had to tread "a fine line," as
this country." Before he called to the podium diplomat
he told foreign journalists before leaving Washington, be-
George F. Kennan, former Sen. Margaret Chase Smith, for-
tween spelling out Washington's druthers for Poland and
mer Treasury Secretary C. Douglas Dillon and the widower
Hungary and seeming to dictate. He had to offer enough
of comedienne Lucille Ball, Bush honored the aviation pio-
money and rhetoric to satisfy the region's reformers but not
neer, now 92, who piloted the first air strike over Japan in
so much to fuel hopes that would only be dashed, and also
World War II. Bush listed Gen. James H. Doolittle's many
had to avert attempts by the two governments' vexed leaders
accomplishments, then lionized him for one that over-
arched-for being "the master of the calculated risk."
Bush would relish the description for himself. "He's looked
upon as somewhat of a cautious person, but he's always been
a risk taker," Bush biographer Vic Gold said, naming in-
White House
stance after instance in Bush's life: in his decision, while a
BY BURT SOLOMON
teenage Navy pilot, to fly a more vulnerable but steadier
airplane; in spurning a career on Wall Street after college and
to cast the West as heavies in imposing economic austerity on
heading to Texas; in quitting an established drilling-supply
hard-pressed workers, according to Stephen Sestanovich, So-
company with a sure route up its corporate ladder to found
viet studies director at Washington's Center for Strategic and
an oil company of his own; in commissioning a radically
International Studies.
designed, three-legged offshore-drilling rig instead of a con-
But these are just the sort of calibrations Bush excels at,
ventional sort; in his (unsuccessful) Senate race in 1964 repre-
and the risks seemed trifling compared with the probable
senting a toddling Republican Party in a state long domi-
gains. It was a trip any President would yearn for. Not even
nated by Democrats; in leaving the House (and a Ways and
Michael K. Deaver, President Reagan's acclaimed image-
Means Committee seat) for another unsuccessful Senate race
meister, could have improved on a President being hailed by
in 1970; in asking President Ford in 1974 to appoint him
throngs of freedom-starved Europeans waving American
ambassador to China rather than to England or France; and
flags or bestowing charters on Poland's fledgling Little
in running for President in 1980 having held no elective job in
Leagues indulging in America's national pastime or confront-
a. decade.
ing a colossal statue of Karl Marx and extolling democracy's
"There is a restlessness in his spirit," Gold said. "He's got
virtues. No American President had ever visited Hungary
to keep moving. He abhors [a situation that is] static in the
before, and probably no country would welcome one "as
way that nature abhors a vacuum."
warmly" as Poland, deputy assistant secretary of State for
But Bush seems a risk taker of a particular sort: The oper-
European and Canadian affairs Curtis W. Kamman told re-
ative word in his description of Doolittle perhaps was "calcu-
porters on June 29. Poles mobbed Robert F. Kennedy and
lated." Rarely, after all, is he reckless. He started up Zapata
Richard M. Nixon and considered Reagan a hero (though he
Petroleum in 1953 (named after a Mexican revolutionary
never visited) when he vocally bolstered Solidarity's cause
who was at the time the subject of a Marlon Brando movie)
after the independent trade union was crushed in 1981.
using his wealthy uncle's cash. Twice he took jobs he'd rather
When Bush decided in April to tour Poland and Hungary
have turned down (running the Republican National Com-
to celebrate their surge from tyranny toward democracy, he
mittee and the CIA) in order to forestall harm to his political
seized on a situation he'd done little to bring to pass. The two
future. As Vice President, he practiced loyalty and caution to
countries, unlike their Eastern European brethren, have
a fault.
forged on with political reform, experts say, because of their
Similarly so far for his presidency. Consider his jaunt just
politicized populations and economic woes and Soviet Presi-
ended through the cramped, anxious streets of Eastern Eu-
dent Mikhail S. Gorbachev's professed willingness to let them
rope. Throughout, Bush's penchant for carefully calibrated
be. Washington never played much of a role, Tufts University
all
It's
TAIL
IIIII
MILL
(III
1818 NATIONAL JOURNAL 7/15/89
Penchant for Calculated Risk-Taking
Eastern Europe specialist Sarah M. Terry said. (Indeed, at
Foundation's suggestion that he enshrine his ambitions for
times it had turned its back. Bush, interviewed by a batch of
Eastern Europe into a Bush Doctrine, one that entails
Hungarian journalists before he left Washington, acknowl-
manipulating the modest incentives and disincentives at
edged that "at least twice in its modern history"-1848 and
Washington's disposal to wheedle Eastern Europe from Mos-
1956-Hungary "turned for help to the people of the United
cow's orbit and toward the West's. It would contrast interest-
States" and got none.)
ingly with Reagan's chosen doctrine, which sought to achieve
Bush capitalized nonetheless on "a marvelous opportu-
with force (by supplying arms to anti-Communist rebels in
nity" (as the State Department's Kamman put it) to showcase
the Third World) what Bush seems hopeful of accomplishing
the Administration's goal of "a Europe that is no longer
with honey.
divided into East and West." He didn't have to do anything
It also might suit him, for it would dovetail with the tenor
hard. Bush, quoting Woody Allen's maxim that 90 per cent
of his presidency to date. Bush hasn't stood still. He has
of life is showing up, told foreign reporters three days before
abandoned his predecessor's policies on Nicaragua, defense
he left Washington that "if I can do nothing else but explain"
spending, the environment and industrial policy, Stuart E.
U.S. affection for Poland and Hungary and praise their ef-
Eizenstat, President Carter's domestic policy adviser, wrote
forts at reform, his visit will have proved a success.
recently on The Washington Post's op-ed page. But he's done
Given this slack standard, a political payoff seems certain.
it in a way that raised few hackles and ran few risks. "Bush
He was accompanied to Europe by more U.S. journalists-a
looks at the downside [and] takes it into his calculations,"
Boeing 747-ful-than a White House had ever taken on a
Gold explained. "As President, I don't see him as a high
foreign trip before, and he's bound to improve his already
roller."
lofty ratings in opinion polls. He may upgrade his standing
with two traditionally Democratic ethnic groups-Polish-
Americans and Hungarian-Americans. The former ac-
While the President and his party gallivanted across Europe,
counted for 4.4 per cent of the U.S. population in 1980 (in-
those aides left behind at the White House savored the uncus-
cluding 1.2 million in New York and at least 800,000 in the
tomary quiet.
politically crucial states of Illinois, Michigan and Pennsylva-
Bush took a slew of aides with him, including 9 of his 15
nia); the latter, nearly 1 per cent (with concentrations of
assistants to the President. Secretary of State James A. Baker
150,000 or more in California, New Jersey, New York, Ohio
III flew to Poland from Brunei, and Treasury Secretary Nich-
and Pennsylvania). Both groups "must really be going
olas F. Brady and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
through some sensational vibrations these days," Bush bub-
administrator William K. Reilly were headed for the eco-
bled to a gathering of them in Washington on July 6.
nomic summit in Paris. Never before had an EPA chief
Bush's journey through Poland and Hungary also allowed
attended one.
him to herald a theme-conciliation-that's vintage Bush. In
On the home front, these absences meant more work for
Washington and Warsaw both, deputy secretary of State
some White House aides-such as press aides at the beck and
Lawrence S. Eagleburger told foreign reporters, a President's
call of colleagues on the road-but a respite for many more.
task is to "recognize that it is important that various groups
One scheduled five straight lunches with people he'd long
with various opinions within a country be brought together
promised to invite to the White House mess. Another
and that compromise must be the order of the day, particu-
planned to purchase car insurance, balance his bank account
larly when the various political groupings in a country very
and shop for furniture, while catching up on work he'd put
much disagree on a number of fundamental questions." Dur-
aside. With fewer meetings and telephone calls, "you get a lot
ing his trip, Bush repeatedly called for conciliation both
more work done," he said. "The tension is off." Rather than
within his host countries and-consequently-between East
his usual 14-hour days that start at 7:30 A.M., he planned 10-
and West. He also squeezed in a second theme-love of
hour days that started an hour later.
liberty-that he's shown fondness for before and that was
"People really subjugate their lives to this job, so whenever
expected to imbue the July 14-16 economic summit in a Paris
you get that relief for a few days, you have to take advan-
bedecked for a bicentennial.
tage," he said, expecting "a great week, to tell you the
Bush, though, has shown no signs of adopting the Heritage
truth."
NATIONAL JOURNAL 7/15/89 1819
White House News Summary
Thursday, July 6, 1989
2:30 P.M. NEWS UPDATE
MEDAL OF FREEDOM (Helen Thomas, UPI) -- President Bush awarded the
Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian honor, to the
late comedian Lucille Ball and to former public leaders. The medal for
meritorious contributions to the country was given posthumously to Ball
and was presented personally to retired Gen. James Doolittle, former
Treasury Secretary Douglas Dillon, former Ambassador George Kennan and
former Sen. Margaret Chase Smith. Displaying warmth toward the
recipients at a ceremony in the White House East room, Bush added a
personal note to each of the citations and concluded, "One of the most
distinguished duties of this office is to present this medal."
BAKER/CAMBODIA (Bandar Seri Begawan/Reuter) -- U.S. officials
suggested that the Cambodian peace process was being pushed along too
quickly and they said an international conference being backed by Paris
might end in failure. The officials, accompanying Secretary Baker, told
reporters that so many issues remained to be resolved as Vietnamese
troops prepared to withdraw from Cambodia by Sept. 30 that a stable
peace settlement would be hard to achieve.
PANAMA (Reuter) -- The Pentagon accused Panama's Noriega government
of disinformation for spreading erroneous reports of a U.S. takeover at a
drinking water plant. "There were several reports in the Panamanian
press over the weekend that talked about U.S. troops somehow poisoning
the drinking water or taking over a drinking water plant, Maj. Kathy
Woods, a Defense Department spokeswoman said. "It's simply
disinformation on the part of the Noriega regime, Woods said.
YUGOSLAVIA (Belgrade/Reuter) --, Yugoslavia has complained to the U.S.
about a congressional resolution which expressed concern over alleged
human rights abuses in the troubled Kosovo province, Yugoslav
newspapers said. They said Foreign Minister Budimir Loncar told
American ambassador Warren Zimmermann on Wednesday that last week's
House resolution was one-sided.
MIG (Moscow/Reuter) -- The Soviet Union learned that one of its Mig-23
fighters had flown unmanned across Europe only when the West gave notice
that it had crashed in Belgium, the first deputy commander of the Soviet
Air Force said. Lt. Gen. Yevgeny Shaposhnikov told reporters the Soviet
Air Force thought the plane had fallen into the Baltic Sea after the pilot
ejected Tuesday.
S&Ls (UPI) -- Deposit outflows at the nation's thrifts slowed considerably
in May with withdrawals exceeding deposits by $2.4 billion, less that half
April's $5.3 billion deficit, the Federal Home Loan Bank Board said. It
was the fourth consecutive monthly decline in outflow since the deficit hit
a record $10.8 billion in January.
NUCLEAR SAFETY (AP) -- The NRC rejected a staff recommendation that
protective containment shells on 24 commercial nuclear power reactors be
modified to lessen the risk of rupture in the event of a severe accident.
The commission said there was no need for a blanket requirement for the
changes, although it ordered a plant-by-plant study of whether hard pipe
vents should be added to the containment buildings, known as Mark I and
made by General Electric Co.
-end-
PRESIDENTIAL MEDALS OF FREEDOM
PRESENTED BY
PRESIDENT JOHNSON
-
ACHESON, Dean G. (with Distinction)
9/14/64
(Public Servant)
ANDERSON Marian
12/6/63
(Singer)
BLACK, Eugene R. (with Distinction)
1/20/69
(Public Servant)
BRONK, Detlev W.
9/14/64
(Scientist)
BUNCHE Ralph J. (with Distinction)
12/6/63
(Scholar, Diplomat)
BUNDY, McGeorge
1/20/69
(Public Servant)
BUNKER Ellsworth (with Distinction)
12/6/63
(Diplomat)
BUNKER, Ellsworth (with Distinction)
2/6/68
(Diplomat)
CASALS Pablo
12/6/63
(Musician)
CAULFIELD Genevieve
12/6/63
(Teacher, Humanitarian)
CLIFFORD, Clark (with Distinction)
1/20/69
(Public Servant)
CONANT James B. (with Distinction)
12/6/63
(Scientist)
COPELAND, Aaron
9/14/64
(Composer)
DeBAKEY, Dr. Michael E.
1/20/69
(Heart Surgeon)
deKOONING, Willem
9/14/64
(Artist, Teacher)
DISNEY, Walter
9/14/64
(Artist, Impresario)
DOBIE, J. Frank
9/14/64
(Teacher, Writer)
DUBINSKY, David
1/20/69
(Labor Leader)
EDWARDS, Lena F.
9/14/64
(Physician, Humanitarian)
ELIOT, Thomas Stearns
9/14/64
(Poet, Critic)
ELLISON, Ralph
1/20/69
(Writer)
ENDERS John F. (with Distinction)
12/6/63
(Physician, Researcher)
FONTANNE, Lynn (and Alfred Lunt)
(Actress)
9/14/64
FORD, Henry, II
(Business Leader)
1/20/69
FRANKFURTER Felix (with Distinction)
(Jurist, Scholar)
12/6/63
GARDNER, John W.
(Educator)
9/14/64
HARRIMAN, W. Averell (with Distinction)
(Public Servant)
1/20/69
HESBURGH, Theodore M.
(Clergyman, Educator)
9/14/64
HOLTON Karl
(Social Scientist)
12/6/63
HOPE, Bob
(Entertainer)
1/20/69
JOHNSON, Clarence L.
(Aeronautical Engineer)
9/14/64
KAISER, Edgar F.
(Businessman)
1/20/69
KAPPEL, Frederick
(Business Leader)
9/14/64
KELLER, Helen
(Teacher of the Blind, Handicapped)
9/14/64
KENNEDY John Fitzgerald (POSTHUMOUSLY, with Distinction) 12/6/63
(35th President of the United States)
PRESIDENTIAL MEDALS OF FREEDOM PRESENTED BY PRESIDENT JOHNSON (CONT.)
KIPUTH Robert J.
12/6/63
(Teacher, Coach)
KOMER, Robert W.
2/6/68
(Public Servant)
LAND
Edwin H.
12/6/63
(Scientist, Inventor)
LASKER, Mary
1/20/69
(Humanist, Philanthropist)
LEHMAN Herbert H. (POSTHUMOUSLY)
12/6/63
(Statesman)
LEWIS, John L.
9/14/64
(Labor Leader)
LIPPMANN, Walter
9/14/64
(Political Commentator)
LOCKE, Eugene Murphy
2/7/68
(Public Servant)
LOVETT, Robert A. (with Distinction)
12/6/63
(Public Servant)
LUNT, Alfred (and Lynn Fontanne)
9/14/64
(Actor)
McCLOY John J. (with Distinction)
12/6/63
(Public Servant)
McGILL, Ralph
9/14/64
(Editor, Journalist)
McNAMARA, Robert S.
2/28/68
(Public Servant)
MacDONALD J. Clifford (POSTHUMOUSLY)
12/6/63
(Businessman, Philanthropist)
MACY, John W., Jr.
1/20/69
(Public Servant)
MEANY George
12/6/63
(Labor Leader)
MEIKLEJOHN Alexander
12/6/63
(Educator)
MONNET Jean (with Distinction)
12/6/63
(Citizen of France, Statesman)
MORISON, Samuel Eliot
9/14/64
(Scholar, Sailor)
MUMFORD, Lewis
9/14/64
(Author)
MUNOZ-MARIN, Luis (with Distinction)
12/6/63
(Poet, Politician, Public Servant)
MURROW, Edward R. (with Distinction)
(Public Servant)
9/14/64
NIEBUHR, Reinhold
9/14/64
(Theologian, Teacher, Social Philosopher)
PECK, Gregory
(Actor, Humanitarian)
1/20/69
POPE JOHN XXIII His Holiness
(POSTHUHOUSLY, with Distinction)
12/6/63
PRICE, Leontyne
(Singer)
9/14/64
RANDALL Clarence B.
(Business Leader)
12/6/63
RANDOLPH, A. Philip
(Trade Unionist)
9/14/64
ROCKEFELLER, Laurance S.
(Environmentalist, Public Servant)
1/20/69
ROSTOW, Walt Whitman (with Distinction)
(Public Servant)
1/20/69
RUSK, Dean (with Distinction)
(Statesman)
1/16/69
SANDBURG, Carl
(Writer, Poet)
9/14/64
SERKIN Rudolf
(Pianist, Teacher)
12/6/63
SMITH, Merriman
(Journalist--Dean of White House Correspondents)
1/20/69
STEICHEN Edward
(Photographer)
12/6/63
STEINBECK, John
(Author)
9/14/64
PRESIDENTIAL MEDALS OF FREEDOM PRESENTED BY PRESIDENT JOHNSON (CONT.)
TAUSSIG, Helen B.
(Physician, Physiologist, Embryologist)
9/14/64
TAYLOR George, W.
(Economist, Arbitrator, Public Servant)
12/6/63
VANCE, Cyrus R. (with Distinction)
(Public Servant)
1/20/69
VAN DER ROHE), Ludwig Mies
(Designer, Archetect)
12/6/63
VINSON, Carl (with Distinction)
(Veteran Member of Congress)
9/14/64
WATERMAN Alan T.
Physicist, Public Servant)
12/6/63
WATSON Mr. Mark S.
(Soldier, Correspondent)
12/6/63
WATSON, Thomas J., Jr.
(Businessman, Statesman)
9/14/64
WAUNEKA Annie D.
(1st Woman to become Member of the
12/6/63
Navajo Tribal Coucil; Humanitarian)
WEBB, James E.
(Public Administrator)
12/9/68
WHITE Mr. E. B.
(Essayist)
12/6/63
WHITE, Paul Dudley
(Physician, Humanist, Teacher)
9/14/64
WHITE, William S.
(Journalist, Editor)
1/20/69
WILDER Thornton N.
(Author)
12/6/63
WILKINS, Roy
(Civil Rights Leader)
1/20/69
WILSON Edmund
Critic, Historian)
12/6/63
WYETH Andrew
(Artist)
12/6/63
YOUNG, Whitney M., Jr.
(Social Worker)
1/20/69
MEDALS OF FREEDOM PRESENTED
BY PRESIDENT TRUMAN
- -
CHARMAN, William H.
1/26/46
(British Civil Servant)
HOWE, George L.
2/18/46
(Civilian with Armed Services)
JACKSON, Gordon Thorpe
1/26/46
(Member, American American Red Cross, Italy)
MAZZARINI, Richard
2/18/46
(Chief of Secret Intelligence, O.S.S., Italy)
POULLET, Pierre A., Father
1/26/46
(Canadian; rescued U.S. Pilot)
PULESTON, Dennis
2/18/46
(Technical Advisor, Pacific War Theater)
SUN, Chen
2/18/46
(Civil Servant)
WEST, Norman H.
1/26/46
(British Civil Servant)
WHEELER, William M., Jr.
2/18/46
(Counter-Intelligence Expert)
THE white HOUSE
washington
June 29, 1989
From: MEMORANDUM Shirley FOR JIM Green CICCONI And
Subject: Medal of Freedom
Ted Williams We citation. are still working on of the
citations. Attached are five proposed Medal Freedom
John- -
pls Entire pkg Evant
get copy of
this Rate
to many
FYI
Rm.
117
return So me
LUCILLE BALL
A gifted comedienne known and loved by generations of audiences
around the world, Lucille Ball left a lasting impression on
American entertainment. For over fifty years, she warmed the
hearts of millions with her humor, both in films and later on
television, where no program was better named than "I Love Lucy." "
As president of her own production company, she set an example
with her commitment to programming of quality for family
enjoyment.
Lucy's work continues to bring joy and laughter into
American homes, and a grateful nation remembers her with love and
appreciation.
C. DOUGLAS DILLON
In a lifetime of responsible positions, C. Douglas Dillon has
dedicated himself to bettering America and the world.
By
fostering European economic and military unity, he furthered the
cause of democracy; through his leadership on economic issues, he
helped make possible the material advance of a generation; and
through his dedication to the Alliance for Progress, he made real
for millions America's determination to promote social
development.
For service to three Presidents, and for commitment
to his fellowman, America honors him.
MARGARET CHASE SMITH
As a United States Representative for eight years and as a
three-term Senator, Margaret Chase Smith served the people of
Maine and the Nation with distinction. She influenced greatly
the development of our post-war foreign and domestic policies,
and her abilities and independent spirit made her one of the most
admired women in America.
A firm believer in a strong national
defense, her efforts to improve the status of women in the Navy
earned her the affectionate title "Mother of the Waves
For
many years of outstanding public service, America proudly honors
her.
nots)
GEORGE FROST KENNAN
Career diplomat, historian, and educator, George Kennan has
helped shape American foreign policy since 1933. His many years
in government service, and a lifetime of scholarly writings,
revealed a deep insight into East-West relations, a recognition
of the challenges of totalitarian expansion, as well as a man of
extraordinary sensitivity.
For his success in advancing our
national security, and for his many contributions to the study of
international affairs, George Kennan's fellow Americans proudly
honor him.
Cicconi's rewrites
JAMES H. DOOLITTLE, JR.
Aviation pioneer and military hero, James H. Doolittle is a
symbol of vision and courage. His numerous contributions to
aeronautical science, often at great personal hazard, extend from
the earliest achievements in long-distance flying to the age of
rockets.
In the uniform of his country, General Doolittle's
heroic leadership inspired the American people during the darkest
hours of the Second World War. In public service, he continued
to foster American advances in aeronautics, the cause to
which he has devoted his life.
For extaordinary service to his
country, the American people salute one of their foremost heroes.
( (Grant))
July 5, 1989
Draft three
A:freedom
REMARKS: PRESIDENTIAL MEDAL OF FREEDOM
STATE DINING ROOM
JULY 6, 1989
Thank you. As President, I have been looking forward to one
of the most distinguished duties of this office -- the privilege
of presenting this nation's highest civilian honor, the
Presidential Medal of Freedom.
The first Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients were
chosen by President Kennedy, but soon after his death they were
awarded by President Johnson, along with some of President
Johnson's choices. Some of the first winners included Marian
Anderson, Felix Frankfurter and, of course, a posthumous medal to
President Kennedy -- all American heroes.
And today I find myself standing with four more American
heroes who embody the achievement, vision and dedication that is
the greatness of this country. You have left an indelible mark
as you have enriched this nation, and America is grateful.
Each one here today is a pioneer:
General James Doolittle, a trailblazer in modern aviation;
Ambassador George Kennan, truly a visionary who foresaw the
future of Soviet-American relations; Senator Margaret Chase
Smith, a bold achiever who stood alone against the tide of
2
extremism; Secretary Douglas Dillon, an unparalleled public
servant who shaped American foreign and economic policy; and
finally, a fifth great American who is not with us -- the late
Lucille Ball, First Lady of Television to uncountable millions
worldwide.
General Jimmy Doolittle is an American war hero, a record-
breaking pilot, and an innovator in modern aviation.
After serving his country as a flying cadet in World War I,
General Doolittle made the first cross-country flight with only
one refueling stop. He set land- and sea-plane speed records.
He was the first to fly "blind" -- by instruments only. Indeed,
Jimmy Doolittle was "the master of the calculated risk."
When the United States entered World War II, General
Doolittle was assigned a top-secret mission that was "perhaps the
most daring combined operation of the whole war. " He led the
first offensive aerial strike on the Japanese mainland after
Pearl Harbor. This courageous one-way mission electrified the
world and gave America's war hopes a terrific lift. During the
war, General Doolittle also directed U.S. airpower in the
invasion of Africa, and participated in 25 missions including the
first attack on Rome.
General Doolittle is truly the father of modern aviation.
For his dedication above and beyond the call of duty, for his
bravery and valor, and for his innovation and daring, the nation
thanks him.
3
As a 27-year career diplomat, renowned historian and astute
professor, George Kennan has shaped the way Americans have
thought about foreign policy in the postwar era.
As head of the State Department's Policy Planning Staff, as
Counselor of the Department, and then as Ambassador to the Soviet
Union, he helped our nation understand the dangers it faced and
contributed mightily to the political and economic reconstruction
of Europe.
After his retirement from government, Ambassador Kennan
joined the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, and turned
his formidable talents to scholarship. His many books, which
earned him the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award among
other honors, document the diplomatic history of our modern age.
Through his writings, and his guidance in the Kennan Institute
for Advanced Russian Studies, he has added more to our
understanding of the relationship with the Soviet Union than
perhaps any other individual American.
Today we stand on the threshold of a new era in that
relationship, one that looks beyond the successful strategy of
containment which George Kennan did so much to develop. For his
unique contributions to the national security of this country,
the United States honors Ambassador George Kennan.
Margaret Chase Smith was the first woman in American history
to be elected to both Houses of Congress, serving for 32 years --
holding office under six Presidents, beginning with Franklin
4
Roosevelt. Her talent, intellect, and distinguished service to
this country resulted in her becoming the first woman to have her
name placed in nomination for President by a major political
party.
Senator Smith's finest hour came when she issued the
"Declaration of Conscience," an historic and courageous speech
denouncing McCarthyism. She spoke out when so many others
remained silent.
Senator Smith was also instrumental in improving the status
of women in the armed services, earning her the title, "Mother of
the Waves." She was an outspoken advocate of a strong nuclear
deterrent in the face of the Soviet threat.
We honor Senator Smith today for her commitment to truth and
honesty in government and in America, and to strengthening
America at home and abroad. She looked beyond the politics of
the time to see the future of America, and made us all better for
it.
The brilliant achievements of Douglas Dillon raise the
nobility of public service to new heights.
He began his career as a businessman who later served in the
Navy during World War II. While serving in the Eisenhower
Administration as Ambassador to France and later, as
Undersecretary of State, Mr. Dillon pioneered an ambitious
foreign aid policy. In Latin America, his work with struggling
economies strengthened democratic forces; in Western Europe, his
5
determined foreign aid strategies led to economic and military
unity among the allies.
Douglas Dillon also served President Kennedy as Secretary of
the Treasury, and became one of the most influential members of
the Cabinet. The Kennedy tax policy was revolutionary at the
time, and Douglas Dillon was the man who developed those policies
of lower taxes -- policies that worked.
But Douglas Dillon's dedication went beyond serving his
nation as a public servant. Under his leadership as chairman,
the Metropolitan Museum of Art became the second-largest museum
in the world after the Louvre.
Douglas Dillon dedicated himself to making America stronger
-- as a diplomat, a public servant, businessman and
philanthropist -- truly a "Renaissance Man." For this, his
countrymen salute him.
Lucille Ball was known as the First Lady of Television, one
of America's greatest comediennes. The series "I Love Lucy"
quickly made her a household name and kept generations of
Americans laughing. In fact, according to TV Guide, her face was
seen "by more people, more often, than the face of any human
being who ever lived." "I Love Lucy" ran in over 80 countries
and the cumulative audience runs in the tens of billions.
Who can forget Lucy? She was like everyone's next door
neighbor -- only funnier. Her secret, she said, was to take
everyday things and exaggerate them to funny absurdity. It
6
worked, and she became an American success story and a brilliant
businesswoman.
Lucille Ball was a national treasure who brought laughter to
us all. Love Lucy? America loved Lucy. This nation is grateful
to her, and we'll miss her dearly.
Now, I am pleased to read the citations and present the
Medals to each of you:
Aviation pioneer and military hero, James H. Doolittle is a
symbol of vision and courage. His numerous contributions to
aeronautical science, often at great personal hazard, extend from
the earliest achievements in long-distance flying to the age of
rockets.
In the uniform of his country, General Doolittle's heroic
leadership inspired the American people during the darkest hours
of the Second World War. In public service, he continued to
foster American advances in aeronautics, the cause to which he
devoted his life.
For extraordinary service to his country, the American
people salute one of their foremost heroes. ((PRESENT MEDAL))
Career diplomat, historian, and educator, George Kennan has
helped shaped American foreign policy since 1933. His many years
in government service, and a lifetime of scholarly writings,
revealed a deep insight into East-West relations, a recognition
of the challenges of totalitarian expansion, as well as a man of
extraordinary sensitivity.
7
For his success in advancing our national security, and for
his many contributions to the study of international affairs,
George Kennan's fellow Americans proudly honor him. ((PRESENT
MEDAL) )
As a United States Representative for eight years and as a
three-term Senator, Margaret Chase Smith served the people of
Maine and the Nation with distinction. She influenced greatly
the development of our post-war foreign and domestic policies,
and her abilities and independent spirit made her one of the most
admired women in America.
A firm believer in a strong national defense, her efforts to
improve the status of women in the Navy earned her the
affectionate title "Mother of the Waves."
For many years of outstanding public service, America
proudly honors her. ( (PRESENT MEDAL) )
In a lifetime of responsible positions, C. Douglas Dillon
has dedicated himself to bettering America and the world.
By fostering European economic and military unity, he
furthered the cause of democracy; through his leadership on
economic issues, he helped make possible the material advance of
a generation; and through his dedication to the Alliance for
Progress, he made real for millions America's determination to
promote social development.
For service to three Presidents, and for commitment to his
fellow man, America honors him. ((PRESENT MEDAL) )
8
A gifted comedienne known and loved by generations of
audiences around the world, Lucille Ball left a lasting
impression on American entertainment. For over fifty years, she
warmed the hearts of millions with her humor, both in films and
later on television, where no program was better named than "I
Love Lucy."
As president of her own production company, she set an
example with her commitment to programming of quality for family
enjoyment.
Lucy's work continues to bring joy and laughter into
American homes, and a grateful Nation remembers her with love and
appreciation. ((PRESENT MEDAL TO HUSBAND GARY MORTON) )
This nation is a better place because of the contributions
of each of you.
I thank you, and the American people thank you.
Congratulations and God bless you.
###
Charlie Horavath
- special messages
wrote other two.
(Smith/Blessey)
May 24, 1989
Draft One
FREE
PRESIDENTIAL PROCLAMATIONS: MEDAL OF FREEDOM
WASHINGTON, D.C,
JUNE 1989
The President of the United States of America
Awards this
Presidential Medal of Freedom
to
Claude Denson Pepper
As a champion of the most vulnerable among us, Claude Pepper has
enhanced America's national character. He has helped the poor
and elderly gain self-respect and dignity. Over six decades of
public service, he has built bridges which span the generations.
For his efforts to make government responsive and responsible,
and his lifetime of devotion to the United States Senate and
House of Representatives, his countrymen salute a career
dedicated to preserving the values which make America great.
The President of the United States
Awards this
Presidential Medal of Freedom
to
2
C. Douglas Dillon
Ambassador to France, Undersecretary of State, Secretary of the
Treasury, and Chairman of the Metropolitan Museum, C. Douglas
Dillon has dedicated his life to making America a better, more
ennobling place. In President Kennedy's Cabinet, he was an
architect of economic policy. And at the Met, he helped it
become the second-largest art museum in the world. For these,
and other, accomplishments over a lifetime of extraordinary
service, a grateful Nation thanks him.
The President of the United States
Awards this
Presidential Medal of Freedom
to
General James A. Doolittle
Jimmy Doolittle has become a symbol of courage and vision. In
his twenties and thirties, he flew America's first one-stop
cross-country flight and pioneered other aviation achievements.
Later, his wartime exploits electrified the Nation. And as a
civilian, he was chairman of the National Advisory Committee for
3
Aeronautics, precursor to NASA, and fostered America's aviation
scientific and technological genius. He has shown that ours
would not be the land of the free if it were not also the home of
the brave. For this, we salute a true American hero.
( (Grant))
July 5, 1989
Draft three
A:freedom
REMARKS: PRESIDENTIAL MEDAL OF FREEDOM
STATE DINING ROOM
JULY 6, 1989
Thank you. As President, I have been looking forward to one
of the most distinguished duties of this office -- the privilege
of presenting this nation's highest civilian honor, the
Presidential Medal of Freedom.
The first Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients were
chosen by President Kennedy, but soon after his death they were
awarded by President Johnson, along with some of President
Johnson's choices. Some of the first winners included Marian
Anderson, Felix Frankfurter and, of course, a posthumous medal to
President Kennedy -- all American heroes.
And today I find myself standing with four more American
heroes who embody the achievement, vision and dedication that is
the greatness of this country. You have left an indelible mark
as you have enriched this nation, and America is grateful.
Each one here today is a pioneer:
General James Doolittle, a trailblazer in modern aviation;
Ambassador George Kennan, truly a visionary who foresaw the
future of Soviet-American relations; Senator Margaret Chase
Smith, a bold achiever who stood alone against the tide of
2
extremism; Secretary Douglas Dillon, an unparalleled public
servant who shaped American foreign and economic policy; and
finally, a fifth great American who is not with us -- the late
Lucille Ball, First Lady of Television to uncountable millions
worldwide.
General Jimmy Doolittle is an American war hero, a record-
breaking pilot, and an innovator in modern aviation.
After serving his country as a flying cadet in World War I,
General Doolittle made the first cross-country flight with only
one refueling stop. He set land- and sea-plane speed records.
He was the first to fly "blind" -- by instruments only. Indeed,
Jimmy Doolittle was "the master of the calculated risk."
When the United States entered World War II, General
Doolittle was assigned a top-secret mission that was "perhaps the
most daring combined operation of the whole war." He led the
first offensive aerial strike on the Japanese mainland after
Pearl Harbor. This courageous one-way mission electrified the
world and gave America's war hopes a terrific lift. During the
war, General Doolittle also directed U.S. airpower in the
invasion of Africa, and participated in 25 missions including the
first attack on Rome.
General Doolittle is truly the father of modern aviation.
For his dedication above and beyond the call of duty, for his
bravery and valor, and for his innovation and daring, the nation
thanks him.
3
As a 27-year career diplomat, renowned historian and astute
professor, George Kennan has shaped the way Americans have
thought about foreign policy in the postwar era.
As head of the State Department's Policy Planning Staff, as
Counselor of the Department, and then as Ambassador to the Soviet
Union, he helped our nation understand the dangers it faced and
contributed mightily to the political and economic reconstruction
of Europe.
After his retirement from government, Ambassador Kennan
joined the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, and turned
his formidable talents to scholarship. His many books, which
earned him the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award among
other honors, document the diplomatic history of our modern age.
Through his writings, and his guidance in the Kennan Institute
for Advanced Russian Studies, he has added more to our
understanding of the relationship with the Soviet Union than
perhaps any other individual American.
Today we stand on the threshold of a new era in that
relationship, one that looks beyond the successful strategy of
containment which George Kennan did so much to develop. For his
unique contributions to the national security of this country,
the United States honors Ambassador George Kennan.
Margaret Chase Smith was the first woman in American history
to be elected to both Houses of Congress, serving for 32 years --
holding office under six Presidents, beginning with Franklin
4
Roosevelt. Her talent, intellect, and distinguished service to
this country resulted in her becoming the first woman to have her
name placed in nomination for President by a major political
party.
Senator Smith's finest hour came when she issued the
"Declaration of Conscience," an historic and courageous speech
denouncing McCarthyism. She spoke out when so many others
remained silent.
Senator Smith was also instrumental in improving the status
of women in the armed services, earning her the title, "Mother of
the Waves." She was an outspoken advocate of a strong nuclear
deterrent in the face of the Soviet threat.
We honor Senator Smith today for her commitment to truth and
honesty in government and in America, and to strengthening
America at home and abroad. She looked beyond the politics of
the time to see the future of America, and made us all better for
it.
The brilliant achievements of Douglas Dillon raise the
nobility of public service to new heights.
He began his career as a businessman who later served in the
Navy during World War II. While serving in the Eisenhower
Administration as Ambassador to France and later, as
Undersecretary of State, Mr. Dillon pioneered an ambitious
foreign aid policy. In Latin America, his work with struggling
economies strengthened democratic forces; in Western Europe, his
5
determined foreign aid strategies led to economic and military
unity among the allies.
Douglas Dillon also served President Kennedy as Secretary of
the Treasury, and became one of the most influential members of
the Cabinet. The Kennedy tax policy was revolutionary at the
time, and Douglas Dillon was the man who developed those policies
of lower taxes -- policies that worked.
But Douglas Dillon's dedication went beyond serving his
nation as a public servant. Under his leadership as chairman,
the Metropolitan Museum of Art became the second-largest museum
in the world after the Louvre.
Douglas Dillon dedicated himself to making America stronger
-- as a diplomat, a public servant, businessman and
philanthropist -- truly a "Renaissance Man." For this, his
countrymen salute him.
Lucille Ball was known as the First Lady of Television, one
of America's greatest comediennes. The series "I Love Lucy"
quickly made her a household name and kept generations of
Americans laughing. In fact, according to TV Guide, her face was
seen "by more people, more often, than the face of any human
being who ever lived.' "I Love Lucy" ran in over 80 countries
and the cumulative audience runs in the tens of billions.
Who can forget Lucy? She was like everyone's next door
neighbor -- only funnier. Her secret, she said, was to take
everyday things and exaggerate them to funny absurdity. It
6
worked, and she became an American success story and a brilliant
businesswoman.
Lucille Ball was a national treasure who brought laughter to
us all. Love Lucy? America loved Lucy. This nation is grateful
to her, and we'll miss her dearly.
Now, I am pleased to read the citations and present the
Medals to each of you:
Aviation pioneer and military hero, James H. Doolittle is a
symbol of vision and courage. His numerous contributions to
aeronautical science, often at great personal hazard, extend from
the earliest achievements in long-distance flying to the age of
rockets.
In the uniform of his country, General Doolittle's heroic
leadership inspired the American people during the darkest hours
of the Second World War. In public service, he continued to
foster American advances in aeronautics, the cause to which he
devoted his life.
For extraordinary service to his country, the American
people salute one of their foremost heroes. ((PRESENT MEDAL))
Career diplomat, historian, and educator, George Kennan has
helped shaped American foreign policy since 1933. His many years
in government service, and a lifetime of scholarly writings,
revealed a deep insight into East-West relations, a recognition
of the challenges of totalitarian expansion, as well as a man of
extraordinary sensitivity.
7
For his success in advancing our national security, and for
his many contributions to the study of international affairs,
George Kennan's fellow Americans proudly honor him. ((PRESENT
MEDAL) )
As a United States Representative for eight years and as a
three-term Senator, Margaret Chase Smith served the people of
Maine and the Nation with distinction. She influenced greatly
the development of our post-war foreign and domestic policies,
and her abilities and independent spirit made her one of the most
admired women in America.
A firm believer in a strong national defense, her efforts to
improve the status of women in the Navy earned her the
affectionate title "Mother of the Waves."
For many years of outstanding public service, America
proudly honors her. ((PRESENT MEDAL) )
In a lifetime of responsible positions, C. Douglas Dillon
has dedicated himself to bettering America and the world.
By fostering European economic and military unity, he
furthered the cause of democracy; through his leadership on
economic issues, he helped make possible the material advance of
a generation; and through his dedication to the Alliance for
Progress, he made real for millions America's determination to
promote social development.
For service to three Presidents, and for commitment to his
fellow man, America honors him. ((PRESENT MEDAL) )
8
A gifted comedienne known and loved by generations of
audiences around the world, Lucille Ball left a lasting
impression on American entertainment. For over fifty years, she
warmed the hearts of millions with her humor, both in films and
later on television, where no program was better named than "I
Love Lucy."
As president of her own production company, she set an
example with her commitment to programming of quality for family
enjoyment.
Lucy's work continues to bring joy and laughter into
American homes, and a grateful Nation remembers her with love and
appreciation. ((PRESENT MEDAL TO HUSBAND GARY MORTON))
This nation is a better place because of the contributions
of each of you.
I thank you, and the American people thank you.
Congratulations and God bless you.
###
Medal of Freedom
The Presidential Medal of Free-
INSIDE THE
dom has been presented to Gen.
James H. Doolittle, C. Douglas Dil-
lon, George Kennan, former Sen.
Margaret Chase Smith and posthu-
BELTWAY
mously to comedian Lucille Ball. It
is the nation's highest civilian
award.
leagues.
J
7-7-89
gressman Pepper," the letter states.
President Bush said in present-
There's a special election coming
The delegation says those who
ing the awards: "You have left an
up in Dade County to elect a re-
have "already chosen to intervene"
indelible mark as you have en-
placement for the late Claude Pep-
should issue an "equally supportive
riched this nation, and America is
per. "Let's not blow it," the letter be-
endorsement" of Sen. Ros-
grateful."
gins. The gripe? "Other members,
Lehtinen. "Aside from that, how-
Gen. Doolittle, 92, made history
from outside the state, and not
ever, the Florida delegation would
by leading the first U.S. air strike
being conversant with the local po-
greatly appreciate no further inter-
on Japan following Pearl Harbor.
litical situation, have allowed their
ference by outsiders in this Repub-
President Bush called him a
names to be associated with one of
lican primary."
"trailblazer in modern aviation."
the Republican candidates, Carlos
Mr. Rohrabacher, reached while
Perez." Mr. Rohrabacher has en-
Mr. Kennan, 85, was "truly a vi-
touring a naval base in California,
dorsed Mr. Perez and secured the
sionary" on U.S.-Soviet relations,
said that in his own campaign and
endorsements of 13 other House
Mr. Bush said. Mr. Kennan held top.
in other conservative campaigns
members for him.
State Department posts and was
around the country, "national sup-
ambassador to the Soviet Union
The letter goes on to sing the
port has been evident. I had en-
praises of state Sen. Ileana Ros-
and to Yugoslavia.
dorsements from several members
Lehtinen, whose "conservative cre-
of Congress from outside Califor-
Mrs. Smith, 91, the former Re-
dentials are second to none" and
nia because my positions were not
publican senator from Maine, came
who has a "commanding lead" in
just good for California but also for
to national attention when she de-
the primary." Many believe her to
America." He said the people of
nounced the tactics of anti-
be "the logical successor to Con-
Florida have "an opportunity to
communisn crusader Sen. Joseph
McCarthy.
Mr. Dillon, 79, served as ambas-
sador to France, undersecretary of
state and Treasury secretary. Mr.
Bush praised him for contributions
to Latin America and Western Eu-
rope policy as well as tax policy.
Miss Ball, of "I Love Lucy" fame,
"was like everyone's next-door
neighbor, only funnier," Mr. Bush
said.
Turf battle
Nobody would suggest that Rep.
Dana Rohrabacher won't make a
name for himself in Congress. But
there might be some suggestions as
to what that name will be. Mr.
Rohrabacher, a Californian who has
been known to play by his own
rules, apparently has stepped on
the toes of the Florida Republican
Photo by Steve Wursta/The Washington Times
delegation to the House.. He is the
While touring the Soviet scientific research vessel Akademik Mstislav
target of a rebuking letter circulat-
Keldysh, docked in Alexandria, our photographer got a shot of this picture of
ing to "Dear Republican Col--
former President Reagan, hanging in the mechanic's room. The original
photo is signed and bears the message, "Nothing personal, you understand."
He's in, he's out
elect a nationally recognized con-
servative who can not only take
Not too long ago, Jesse Jackson
care of local interests but who will
denied that he would make the run
work for a strong America as well.
for mayor of the District of Colum-
If [Mrs. Ros-Lehtinen] is com-
bia. Now, according to the Political
plaining about this, she may be a
Hotline, some of his advisers "pre-
dict flatly that he will run for
little too naive to come to Washing-
ton."
mayor and warn that Mr. Jackson is
ready to push Mayor Marion Barry
Sounded logical
out."
It doesn't take long to become
Associates are quoted as saying
"good old what'sisname" around
the leader of the Rainbow Coalition
this town. And the list of gone and
may move to Washington as early
nearly forgotten is growing rapidly
as next month. But "Jackson and
as hints of misconduct take their
his supporters want to make clear
that if he runs for mayor he is not
toll. By the way, remember Tony
abandoning his presidential ambi-
Coelho? Yeah, whatever happened
to him? The rumor around town of
tions," according to a report in The
late has been that he will be the
New York Times.
choice to replace Tom Braden on
Those ambitions seem evident in
CNN's "Crossfire" show. But don't
his continuing effort to build an im-
hold your breath, "There's abso-
age as a substantial player on the
lutely no truth to that," said a CNN
global scene. He's on a tour that in-
spokeswoman. "Absolutely none?,"
cludes meeting Francés Francois
we asked, just to make no mistake
Mitterrand and Egypts Hosni Mu-
about it. "Absolutely none," the as-
barak.
surance came back.
- John Elvin
Personalities
By Chuck Conconi
Washington Post Staff Writer
7.7.8903
Retired Air Force general James H. Doo-
little, the 92-year-old aviation pioneer who
led the first air strike against Japan follow-
ing the attack on Pearl Harbor, was one of
five persons President Bush praised as
American heroes yesterday when he pre-
sented the Presidential Medal of Freedom
at a White House ceremony. One of the
awards, to well-loved television comic Lu-
cille Ball, was presented posthumously to
her husband Gary Morton. Ball, whom the
president described as "like everyone's next
door neighbor, only funnier," died in April at
77.
Also honored were retired senator Mar-
garet Chase Smith, the 91-year-old Maine
Republican who served in Congress under
six presidents beginning with Franklin D.
Roosevelt and who is remembered for de-
nouncing the redbaiting tactics of Sen. Jo.
seph McCarthy; former ambassador to the
Soviet Union and Yugoslavia George Ken-
BY MARGARET THOMAS-THE WASHINGTON POST
nan, 85; and former ambassador to France,
Barbara and George Bush present retired general James Doolittle with his Medal of Freedom.
undersecretary of state and treasury secre-
tary C. Douglas Dillon, 79.
-while
All of a sudden he enjoys golf
Chill") and his wife, documentary filmmaker
again." The Orlando, Fla., company that
Megan Williams, after their son, Jacob, was
Out and About
presented the extended club to the presi-
born deaf in 1983
dent is expecting a special thank you from
If that new extra long putter is good
For those concerned about having to
the White House, but a Bush spokesman
enough for golf pro Orville Moody, it's
wade through all 807 pages of The Andy
warned, "We don't do endorsements."
clearly good enough for President Bush.
Warhol Diaries" to find the people they are
A special captioned version of "Indiana
Moody used his 50-inch putter in winning
interested in, Fame magazine has come to
Jones and the Last Crusade" will premiere
the U.S. Open Senior Championship Sunday
tomorrow morning at an AMC Union Sta-
their rescue: Fame will publish a complete
and, over the Fourth of July-holiday, Bush
index to the diaries of Warhol's social en-
tion theater as a project of the group Tripod
greatly improved his golf game in Kenne-
and Gallaudet College. The event is part of
counters in its September issue. The maga-
bunkport, Maine, with a 52-inch putter.
"The Deaf Way," an international festival of
zine also notes that Warhol names 2.338
Bush hasn't been playing well, but Ken
deaf culture that is expected to draw more
names. Many of those are repeats: Bianca
Raynor, the pro at Cape Arundel Golf Club
than 3,500 delegates, including deaf Oscar
Jagger received 84 mentions: designer
in Kennebunkport said the president sank a
winner Marlee Matlin. Tripod is a group
Halston, 98, and artist Jean-Michel Bas-
20-footer on the-first hole and-"he-get-a-big
that helps families of hearing-impaired-chil-
qiuat. 111. Those with only one
smile on his face, and for the rest of the day
dren. One of the projects is the captioning
the "Diaries," which has made the
he sank putts from all over the place. He
of major movies for deaf audiences. Tripod
Times nonfiction bestseller list.
was delirious. He wound up shooting an 81,
was founded by movie producer Michael
Berra, Idi Amin and Dick Tracy.
which was his best score in a long, long
Shamberg ("A Fish Called Wanda," "Big
er that means.
DOONESBURY
By G.B. Trudeau
YOU HEAR THAT, LLOYD? I
SO WHERE'S
HIV CAN LIE
A DOCTOR
TOLD YOU THAT YOU CAN'T
I WAS
THIS DOCTOR
HE
1982?
DORMANT FOR
WAIT'LL I
GET AIDS FROM AN
JUST
FRIEND OF
MOVED
YEARS, LLOYD.
I CAN'T
TELL MY
INSECT BITE!
TRYING
YOURS
BACK TO
DON'T YOU READ?
TAKE
BRIDGE
TO...
NOW?
BOSTON.
ANY MORE
CLUB!
I HAVEN'T
OF THIS...
SEEN HIM
SINCE
1982.
7-7
6BTrudeau
CALVIN AND HOBBES BILL WATTERSON
WHEN YOU WISH
I WISH I HAD A COOL
IF JIMINY CRICKET
UPON A STAR
V
MILLION
WAS HERE, I'D
YOUR DREAMS
DOLLARS
SKOOSH HIM.
COME TRUE.
RIGHT
NOW!
Universal Press dicate
7.7