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[Domestic Policy] n.d. [OA 8677]
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323154759
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[Domestic Policy] n.d. [OA 8677]
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Records of the White House Office of Speechwriting (George H. W. Bush Administration)
Dan McGroarty Subject Files
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Originally Processed With FOIA(s):
FOIA Number:
S
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
Library Staff.
Record Group/Collection: George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
Collection/Office of Origin:
Speechwriting, White House Office of
Series:
McGroarty, Dan, Files
Subseries:
Subject File, 1988-1993
OA/ID Number:
13887
Folder ID Number:
13887-001
Folder Title:
[Domestic Policy] [n.d.]
Stack:
Row:
Section:
Shelf:
Position:
G
18
29
1
3
Tuesday
---
January 22, 1991
---
Vol. 4
---
No. 79
---
##
#
##
#
##
#####
#####
--- THE DAILY BRIEFING ON AMERICAN POLITICS
---
(c) The American Political Network, Inc.
282 North Washington Street, Falls Church, VA (703) 237-5130
L.A. SUPERVISOR ELECTION TODAY
SPOTLIGHT
Four vie to become county
board's first Hispanic, with
BLACKS AND WAR
the winner to be "catapulted
into stardom. (#21)
Coretta Scott King calls
for cease-fire. Jackson
KEATING 5: CAN MCCAIN RECOVER?
complains that deadline was
AZ REPUBLIC poll shows McCain
King birthday. 10 of 12 NO
recovering but DeConcini net
or "present" votes on House
disapproval growing. 47% want
resolution of support were
McCain to resign or not run in
blacks. Urban League sees
'92; 65% say DeConcini should
disproportionate number of
resign or not run in '94. (#8)
blacks in combat. Poll says
whites think blacks are
CHICAGO: DALEY HOLDS 57% (#23)
less patriotic. Other polls
Davis "still a long way from"
show blacks less supportive
liberal-minorities coalition.
than whites of decision to
attack rather than continue
ARAB-AMERICAN POLITICAL POWER
sanctions:
USA
CBS/
AAI's James Zogby says census
TODAY
NYTIMES
data show the 2.5M-strong
WHT BLK WHT BLK
Arab-American constituency
Attack
83%
43%
80%
47%
outpaces all ethnic groups in
Sanctions
16 43
income and education. Will
(See #7 & Polls #27, #25)
its growing politicization
move votes in Congress? (#9)
IRONY: War's first folk
IS CNN WAR'S FIRST WINNER? (#5)
hero -- CNN's Bernard Shaw.
"New heavyweight on the
(See CNN success story, #5)
block"
Is the change in
ALSO: Arab-American
viewing habits permanent?
Institute's Zogby describes
ALSO: Old Generals Network;
Arab-American political
and comebacks, from Secord to
alliance with blacks. (#9)
Cronkite to Fonda. (#6)
QUOTE OF THE DAY
"The danger is that we as a nation will begin to turn
against the war not because of any lucid and coherent arguments
but simply because we no longer find it entertaining."
-- TV critic Michael Hill, Baltimore EVENING SUN 1/21, #5
HOTLINE/DATABASE INDEX
WHITE HOUSE '92
BUSH: Reviews from print and TV -- so far, so good. (#1)
CONSERVATIVES: The jury's not out yet. (#2)
DEMS '92: The party of a hawk and doves. (#3)
JACKSON: Pushes for MLK day, voter registration on NH trip. (#4)
FOCUS
CNN: First winner in "the real-time war"? (#5)
OLD GENERALS NETWORK: Comeback time at OGN-TV (Ret.). (#6)
BLACKS: The war. (#7)
KEATING 5: DeConcini disapproval grows; McCain better. (#8)
ARAB-AMERICANS: An emerging political constituency. (#9)
PROTEST: Signs and chants. (#10)
HOTSPOTS
FL: Hialeah mayor awaits trial. (#11)
IA: Grassley's Gulf vote may make him 'unbeatable.' (#12)
KY: Handy -- nobody's lackey. (#13)
MD: Rep. Gilchrest mugged in nation's capital. (#14)
MA: Where are they now. (#15)
MI: Poll shows overwhelming support for Bush action. (#16)
OH: Residents strongly support U.S. Policy in Gulf. (#17)
PA: Philadelphia freedom -- temporary anyway. (#18)
TX: Speaker pro tem appointment sparks TX house. (#19)
WA: Gorton aide moves on. (#20)
CALIFORNIA CABLE
L.A. COUNTY SUPERVISOR: Election today. (#21)
CAMPAIGNS '91
KENTUCKY GOVERNOR: Poore stars in own TV show. (#22)
CHICAGO MAYOR: Daley's lead/approval solid in poll. (#23)
POLL UPDATE
ABC/WASH. POST: Some support for talks, most say not now. (#24)
N.Y. TIMES/CBS: Bush, country moving in right direction. (#25)
CNN/GALLUP: Optimism on rise. (#26)
USA TODAY: Racial differences on Gulf action. (#27)
TV MONITOR (#28)
Killing Saddam
...
coalition update
...
Israel
...
Palestine.
O say can you CNN?
???? OVERLOOKED ??? ?
The 3 states without a King holiday are AZ, MT and NH.
In which one was Jesse Jackson on Sunday? (See #4, #7)
WHITE HOUSE '92
*1 BUSH: REVIEWS FROM PRINT AND TV -- so FAR, so GOOD
FROM THE TUBE:
JEANE KIRKPATRICK: "I think the president's handled this
brilliantly
Brilliant is the word I use, brilliant" ("Larry
King Live,' CNN, 1/19).
L.A. TIMES' JACK NELSON: "One thing I think you have to
give Bush an A-plus for, and that's consistency.
This is the
make or break thing of his presidency. Let's face it, if this
war is over in a relatively short period of time, and the
casualties are relatively light, he's almost a cinch for re-
election. But if it drags on for a long time, and if there are a
lot of casualties, my guess is his presidency could turn out to
be a one-term presidency" ("Washington Week, PBS, 1/18).
JEFF GREENFIELD: "History says presidents often face
intense domestic opposition, even in times of war." Citing
Lincoln, FDR, Truman, and Johnson, he noted, "Bush seems very
aware of this history. [Bush clip: "This will not be another
Vietnam."] At this point, President Bush has much to gain from a
quick, decisive victory, and he would probably retain support
even for a long war if the cause appeared clear. But history
does show that a protracted war with an uncertain purpose is as
heavy a political burden as a president has to bear" (ABC, 1/18).
MCLAUGHLIN GROUP: Buchanan said a year from now this
successful coalition/battle plan will be considered a great
victory for Bush. Kondracke: "If George Bush tells Colin
Powell, 'maximum air and only ground forces at the end of the
game' and doesn't get a lot of American kids killed, then he will
be a great hero." McLaughlin, worried about the aftermath in the
"seething Arab cauldron,' said U.S. collective wisdom "will be
that George Bush did the right thing; in fact, I see George Bush
as invincible in 1992." Barnes: "George Bush, by doing so well
in this war, which he's going to win quickly, will reelect
himself; he will not have a Republican challenger -- Pat's
[Buchanan] not going to run. " Germond: "A year from now, about
the time of the first caucuses and primaries, the Middle East and
this war are going to be no more than a tenth on the list of
chief concerns of Americans" (1/20).
FROM THE PRESSES:
NEWSWEEK: "Bush wants to show self-control.
[He]
doesn't really need to be an inspirational spokesman as long as
the war seems to be proceeding with push-button efficiency. But
if the military bogs down in the desert, Bush will have to summon
up more than his personal stoicism to call on the nation for
sacrifice" (Thomas/DeFeane/McDaniel, 1/28 issue).
MORT ZUCKERMAN: "If ever a political leader had gone down
the list of preconditions for a just war, seeking alternatives
short of rewarding the aggressor, it was George Bush.
In the
end President Bush has managed this whole complicated process
brilliantly" (BUSINESS WEEK editorial, 1/28 issue).
TIME: "The normally cautious Bush has gambled his
presidency -- and his place in history -- on the liberation of
Kuwait. And, for the moment at least, he looks like a winner.
Bush is too well bred -- and too aware of the setbacks that could
lie ahead -- to put it that crassly" (Dan Goodgame, 1/28 issue).
HUGH SIDEY, under the headline, "Washington's Calmest Man":
"In these days when quiet determination and thoroughness are
larger virtues than brilliance or eloquence, Bush was at his
best" (TIME, 1/28 issue).
TIMOTHY MCNULTY: "Bush has taken on the familiar mantle of
his wartime predecessors and is visibly more at ease now that the
battle has been joined" (CHICAGO TRIBUNE, 1/20).
W.S. JOURNAL headline: "Bush, in Holding Coalition Together
So Far, Apparently Has Passed His Biggest Personal Test" (1/21).
BUSINESS WEEK: "Bush has made the call that will make or
break his Presidency.
For a man who came to office tarred by
opponents as a wimp, Bush has shown remarkable audacity"
(Harbrecht/Dwyer, 1/28 issue).
ALAN BERNSTEIN, citing TX "political experts": "Bush's 1992
re-election bid easily could become a casualty of the Persian
Gulf War. While Bush's political image would be polished only
temporarily by a quick military victory, it would be tarnished
permanently if the war drags on with frustrating results"
(HOUSTON CHRONICLE, 1/20).
*2 CONSERVATIVES: THE JURY'S NOT OUT YET
BOSTON GLOBE's Robert Turner, under the headline, "Buchanan
looks at Bush
and '92," covers Buchanan's speech before NH
GOPers on the night war broke out. "Buchanan acknowledged the
awkward timing.
Buchanan's rhetorical impression of a
contortionist was a compressed symbol of the problems
conservative Republicans face in attempting to challenge Bush."
Turner quotes Tom Rath, "one of the state's most influential
[GOPers], as saying "just before Buchanan's speech that Bush
might rally so much support in a successful war effort that a
Democratic challenge could be extremely difficult, and a
Republican one absurd. But the impact will be different if the
results in the Mideast are seen as less than optimal. Rath
mentioned [retired] Sen. William Armstrong [R-CO] as a
conservative who might be able to show some strength against
Bush" (1/20).
TWO YEARS AFTER: WASH. TIMES' Frank Murray writes, "On the
second anniversary of an Inaugural speech promising peace,
President Bush today has achieved few domestic goals and governs
a restive nation in war and recession.
...
Bush
attacked
the
scourge of cocaine, the plight of hostages, the budget deficit,
partisanship in Congress, rising taxes, violent crime, education
problems, the foundering banking system, absence of an energy
policy and declining confidence in government. He hasn't won
those wars, and he's retreated on the deficit and taxes. The
potential still is there because he's achieved so little" (1/20).
*3 DEMS '92: THE PARTY OF A HAWK AND DOVES
NUNN: "Among [Dem] strategists, the most commonly held view
was that Nunn had improved his ['92] prospects because his stand
against Bush gave him more legitimacy among generally liberal
Democratic primary voters" (Edsall/Ifill, WASH. POST). Dem
learned the combination from him. I
quickly, some can write clearly. but I
Gardner. Some people can write
He taught me how to write, says
English teachers, Paul Piazza.
learned it from one of his high school
pressure did not come naturally. He
good, clear prose under that kind of
Gardner says his ability to write
crime. He never missed his deadline.
jects as varied as the environment and
for the Presidential candidate on sub-
utes to write concise "talking points'
campaign, he often had only. 15 min-
©During.the the 1988 Bush Presidential
physiciantaudiences. audiences He le did it. is
economics and for
issues in the un the amilia r field of health
repeated writing assignments helped
the views of all relevant officials have
ments. His job is to make sure that
stration, he/had two weeks't to absorb Massignment: special assistant to Presi-
federalt ealth Care Financing Admini- Thelped him land his current plum
writer for sthe administrator
THI In 1986 when he was named namedispeech speech
Gardner mustseem blessed.
to come, White House aide John
blank page waiting for the right words
For those who too often stare at a
recalls Piazza often assigning in class
Gardner grow as a writer Gardner
Both teacher and student say that
Office of the Staff Secretary.
sor, the director of the White House
problems for his immediate supervi-
been considered. He flags potential
Administration policy and to see that
they are not in conflict with official
President's signature to policy state
from congratulatory letters for the
tined for the Oval Office, everything
Gardner reviews all paperwork des
youngest person to hold the title
dent Bush. At age 27. he is
o of the the visibility and opportunities
he thinks his writing ability gave him
250 page graduate school thesis And
these skills also enabled him to write a
Dr. Piazza," Gardner asserts. He says
writer without the skills I gained from
the
that
John Gardner, White House Aide
John Gardner (right) with Paul Piazza, the teacher who made him a wordsmith.
it came in handy. he says, when those
was his first try at writing humor and
writing of humorist James Thurber. It
that Piazza had students imitate the
Piazza says. Gardner recalls the time
style can help students find their own,
Sometimes trying someone else's
develop your own style.
but if he is a great coach, he lets you
coach who can show you all the steps,
great deal, he says. "It's like a tennis
principles and then have them write a
"I try to give students some general
mula to teaching that kind of writing
Piazza says there is no secret for
don't want them to be merelva
Orwell called prefabricated English "I
Athoughtful writers: not fall into what
Ener attended. SI want them to be
7school in Washington, D C.,that Gard
Albans School for Boys, the vate
>chairs the English department at St.
says Piazza, who teaches English and
class with respect for clear writing,
"I hope students come out of my
grasp what he was teaching
BEN BOBLET
DEREK DAVIES
Chriss:
Traveller's Tales
For your next foreig
trages unabers. X our speech
S
choolboy howlers and the sort of
Anoha
hotel notices which once attracted
In a Bangkok dry cleaner's: Drop your
trousers here for best results.
In the window of a Swedish furrier: Fur
the attention of that idiosyncratic
coats made for ladies from their own skin.
genius, Gerald Hoffnung ("Every
room is fitted with a French widow."), have
Outside a Paris dress shop: Dresses for
long given grist to the mill of this column.
street walking.
On the box of a clockwork toy made in
Carl Nielsen, whose wife teaches in Geneva,
Hongkong: Guaranteed to work through-
Outside a Hongkong dress shop: Ladies
out its useful life.
sends in the following collection - as
supplied by his wife's students. They de-
have fits upstairs.
serve publication.
Sideways. Detour sign in Kyushi, Japan: Stop: Drive
In a Rhodes tailor shop: Order your sum-
In a Bucharest hotel lobby: The lift is
mers suit. Because is big rush we will exe-
being fixed for the next day. During that
cute customers in strict rotation.
In a Swiss mountain inn: Special today -
no ice cream.
time we regret that you will be unbearable.
From the Soviet Weekly: There will
In a Leipzig elevator: Do not enter the lift
be a Moscow Exhibition of Arts by 15,000
In a Bangkok temple: It is forbidden to
backwards, and only when lit up.
Soviet Republic painters and sculptors.
enter a woman even a foreigner if dressed as
a man.
years. These were executed over the past two
In a Belgrade hotel elevator: To move the
cabin, push button for wishing floor. If the
In a Tokyo bar: Special cocktails for the
In an East African newspaper: A new
ladies with nuts.
cabin should enter more persons, each one
should press a number of wishing floor.
swimming pool is rapidly taking shape since
Driving is then going alphabetically by na-
the contractors have thrown in the bulk of
In a Copenhagen airline ticket office:
tional order.
their workers.
We take your bags and send them in all di-
rections.
in a Paris hotel elevator: Please leave
In a Vienna hotel: In case of fire, do your
your values at the front desk.
utmost to alarm the hotel porter.
On the door of a Moscow hotel room: If
this is your first visit to the USSR, you are
In a hotel in Athens: Visitors are expected
A sign posted in Germany's Black
welcome to it.
to complain at the office between the hours
Forest: It is strictly forbidden on our black
of 9 and 11 a.m. daily.
forest camping site that people of different
In a Norwegian cocktail lounge: Ladies
sex, for instance, men and women, live to-
are requested not to have children in the bar.
In a Yugoslavian hotel: The flattening of
gether in one tent unless they are married
chambermaid. underwear with pleasure is the job of the
with each other for that purpose.
At a Budapest zoo: Please do not feed the
animals. If you have any suitable food, give
In a Zurich hotel: Because of the impro-
it to the guard on duty.
In a Japanese hotel: You are invited to
priety of entertaining guests of the opposite
take advantage of the chambermaid.
sex in the bedroom, it is suggested that the
In the office of a Roman doctor: Specialist
lobby be used for this purpose.
in women and other diseases.
In the lobby of a Moscow hotel across
from a Russian Orthodox monastery:
In an advertisement by a Hongkong
In an Acapuico hotel: The manager has
You are welcome to visit the cemetery
Methodists. dentist: Teeth extracted by the latest
personally passed all the water served here.
where famous Russian and Soviet compos-
ers, artists, and writers are buried daily ex-
in a Tokyo shop: Our nvlons cost more
cept Thursday.
A translated sentence from a Russian
than common, but you'll find they are best
chess book: A lot of water has been passed
in the long run.
In an Austrian hotel catering to skiers:
under the bridge since this variation has
Not. to perambulate the corridors in the
been plaved.
From a Japanese information booklet
hours of repose in the boots of ascension.
about using a hotel air conditioner:
In a Rome laundry: Ladies, leave your
Cooles and Heates: If you want just condi-
On the menu of a Swiss restaurant: Our
clothes here and spend the afternoon hav-
yourself. tion of warm in your room, please control
wines leave you nothing to hope for.
ing a good time.
On the menu of a Polish hotel: Salad a
In a Czechoslovakian tourist agency:
From a brochure of a car rental firm in
firm's own make: limpid red beet soup with
Take one of our horse-driven city tours
Tokyo: When passenger of foot heave
cheesy dumplings in the form of a finger;
we guarantee no miscarriages.
in sight, tootle the hom. Trumpet him
roasted duck let loose; beef rashers beaten
melodiously at first, but if he still ob-
up in the country people's fashion.
Advertisement for donkey rides in Thai-
vigor. stacles your passage then tootle him with
ass? land: Would you like to ride on your own
In a Hongkong supermarket: For your
convenience, we recommend courteous, ef-
Two signs from a Majorcan shop en-
On the faucet in a Finnish washroom: To
trance:
ficient self-service.
stop the drip, turn cock to right.
- English well talking.
28 SEPTEMBER 1989
- Here speeching American.
FAR EASTERN ECONOMIC REVIEW
41
a report today that a Soviet army captain wounded a Lithuanian worker during a confrontation at a
military checkpoint.
IN THE WHITE HOUSE AND AROUND THE ADMINISTRATION:
O
Parts of the President's spellbinding speech to members of the Republican National Committee
Friday morning, which provided anecdotes of Saddam Hussein's butchery, may be used in
tomorrow's State of the Union speech, according to two White House officials. According to the
officials, who were present during Friday's off-the-cuff remarks, the President talked about the morality
of going to war with iraq. The President told a few antidotes which helped him make his decision,
including one in which Bush referred to a conversation he had with Edmond Browning, the Presiding
Bishop of the Episcopal Church, of which Bush is a member. Bush said that, after he had finished
answering the Bishop's questions, he offered the Bishop some questions of his own. Bush said he
asked Browning what he should tell Kuwaiti parents who were forced to watch as Iraqi soldiers tied
their children to a tree and shot them after catching them handing out literature critical of Iraq. Bush
also asked Browning if we had the military ability in 1939 to stop Hitler from killing millions of Poles
and Jews, would it have been moral to do so? "I've never seen the President have that kind of an
effect on a group of people before," one of the officials said.
o
Press reports stating the State of the Union will focus on the Persian Gulf, with the domestic
policy side being mostly thematic, appear to be accurate, according to White House officials this
morning.
The White House verdict on the Republican National Committee meeting held at the end of last
week is that it was a complete success. According to one White House official, "There were three
dynamics that emerged from the meeting. One, there was overwhelming support for the President
on the Iraq situation. Two, there was an instant and growing fondness shown for Clayton [Yeutter].
And three, a bittersweet feeling about Lee [Atwater]." The official said members were shown a
"memory lane" video of Atwater's tenure.
O
The Vice President's chief political advisor, Spence Abraham, reportedly is still considering
an offer to head up the National Republican Congressional Committee. A significant factor in
Abraham's decision, according to one Republican official familiar with his thinking, will be the question
of "how will this position help or hurt his chances of running for Senate in '92." Senator Don Riegle
(D-MI), one of the Keating Five, is up for re-election in 1992, and Abraham is said to be interested in
the seat.
0
This afternoon, President Bush will meet with Soviet Foreign Minister Alexander Bessmertnykh, and
later with Defense Secretary Dick Cheney.
o
Vice President Quayle will leave for Oslo, Norway after tomorrow's State of the Union Address to
attend the funeral of Kink Olav V. On Thursday, Quayle will travel to Lakenheath Airbase in England
to meet with the families of American service men and women who have been deployed to the
Persian Gulf. Quayle will then travel to London, where he will meet with Prime Minister Major and
2
03/16/90
17:07
202 647 1830
EDWARD L. ROWNY
003/008
REMARKS BY AMBASSADOR EDWARD L. ROWNY
SPECIAL ADVISOR TO THE PRESIDENT
AND SECRETARY OF STATE FOR ARMS CONTROL MATTERS
SOLEMN COMMEMORATION OF THE FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
OF THE ATTACK ON POLAND: THE OUTBREAK OF WORLD WAR II
POLISH HERITAGE ASSOCIATION OF MARYLAND
HOLY ROSARY CHURCH, BALTIMORE - SEPTEMBER 3, 1989
The eyes of all the world are fixed on Poland today, as they were exactly 50 years
ago.
Half a century ago, on August 23, 1939, Hitler and Stalin consummated their
non-aggression pact with its secret and illegal protocols for dividing and conquering
Europe. The systems of Communism and Nazism from their beginnings had shared the
traits of totalitarianism: insatiable thirst for power, desire to remake the world
according to a particular design, and deep contempt for human beings. Now the
totalitarian powers were allies.
On September 1 Hitler began his Blitzkrieg, invading Poland from the West. Two
weeks after the Nazi assault, Stalin's forces attacked Poland from the East.
Brave Poland was the first country in Europe to offer armed resistance to
totalitarian aggression: Poland fought alone that tragic September of 1939. As the war
worked its destruction, Hitler's Nazis and Stalin's Communists made Auschwitz and
Katyn synonymous with unfathomable crimes. Of a population numbering some 30
million, six million Poles, including nearly three million Jews, died during the war.
While the war clouds were gathering, the generosity of organized Polish-Americans
helped bring about a turning point in my life and career.
I grew up in Baltimore, the son of a Polish immigrant. I went to Johns Hopkins to
study engineering. Just before my senior year I was fortunate in being nominated by
the Polish Students Association of Baltimore for a Kosciuszko Foundation scholarship
to Poland.
Thus it was possible for me to spend the summer of 1936 in Europe. I stayed in
Krakow and took courses from the Jagiellonian University. I also did a good bit of
traveling around the continent, visiting Czechoslovakia, Austria, Italy and Germany.
While in Berlin, I was present at the 1936 Olympics. What I witnessed there made
me decide to change my career plans. When I heard the fanatic cheering and saw the
goose-stepping of the Nazi youth, it was crystal clear to me that war was coming. I
came home, finished my studies in engineering at Johns Hopkins and immediately after
graduation entered West Point.
I was a cadet at West Point that infamous First of September, 1939, when World
War II broke out.
We are assembled here today at an exciting time in Polish history. Today Poland is
a living symbol of hope for all who cherish freedom. After forty years of Communist
rule, Poland is the first East European country to be headed by a non-Communist. We
can hope, but must also pray, that Tadeusz Mazowiecki and his new Solidarity
government succeed in their difficult task of bringing about economic recovery. A
successful transition to democracy and national self-determination in Poland will help
not only the Poles. Solidarity's success will hasten the day when all the peoples of
Europe will live in freedom.
03/16/90
17:08
202 647 1830
EDWARD L. ROWNY
004/008
-2-
The emerging freedom of Poland can be attributed to at least three reasons:
First, Divine Providence. Without the intervention of our Maker, nothing
happens. It may be more than a coincidence that we are witnessing a freer Poland at
the completion of the Marian year, a year of prayer decreed by a Polish Pope, John Paul
II.
Second, the indomitable will and courage of the Polish people. Without these
virtues Poland, three times partitioned and for the past four decades under the
Communist yoke, could never have survived.
Third, the policies of the United States and its allies. Without strong backing and
support from a succession of U.S. Presidents and other Free World leaders, Poland
might never have progressed to her present position.
While President Carter was a strong champion of human rights, it was President
Reagan who made the most progress in this field. By rebuilding our economic and
military strength, Reagan put us in a good posture to insist that the Soviet Union and
other nations relax their strangleholds on freedom and democracy. At the beginning of
his Administration President Reagan expressed a vision that now is starting to be
realized. The West must not simply contain Communism, he said, it must transcend
Communism. He insisted that the cause of world freedom and peace requires action on
a broad East-West agenda -- not just arms control but also human rights, regional
issues, bilateral affairs, and transnational issues.
It was fortunate that at the same time we were regaining our strength and sense of
direction Gorbachev came to power and began a course of internal reform and external
responsiveness. Since Gorbachev came to power in the Soviet Union in 1985, I have
taken part in some two dozen foreign ministers' meetings and four summits. The
contrast between four years ago and now is dramatic.
In the beginning, Gorbachev and Shevardnadze refused to discuss any matter other
than arms control. We persisted, and now the Soviets engage us on all five points of the
broad agenda. This more balanced approach, addressing all the causes of tension and
not just the symptoms, has borne fruit for arms control.
The Reagan approach produced the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF)
Treaty, which now is bringing about the elimination of an entire class of nuclear
missiles. The Treaty's unprecedented, intrusive verification measures, moreover, are
giving us valuable field experience toward the much more difficult tasks of effectively
verifying a Strategic Arms Reduction (START) Treaty or a Conventional Forces in
Europe (CFE) Treaty.
During his last year in office, President Reagan made a historic visit to Moscow.
Lecturing at Moscow State University, he gave young Russians a powerful civics lesson
on American habits and institutions of democracy, civil rights and economic freedom.
Visiting the monks at one of Russia's holy shrines, he challenged the Soviets to move
beyond Gorbachev's perestróika (restructuring) to metanoia -- the biblical concept of a
change of heart.
Reagan's successor as leader of the Free World, George Bush, has continued to
press such challenges. President Bush is determined to help shape the dramatic
changes that now are transforming East-West relations. The Cold War began with the
division of Europe, President Bush has observed. He insists that it end in
reconciliation based on shared values where East meets West in a commonwealth of
free nations. The goal for which we work and pray is a Europe where Pole and German
and Russian can live in freedom and harmony.
03/16/90
17:09
202 647 1830
EDWARD L. ROWNY
005/008
-3-
The President has pushed to the top of his arms control agenda the core security
problem of Europe - the conventional imbalance. He has challenged NATO and
Warsaw Pact negotiators to complete a CFE treaty within one year. Before the CFE
talks went into recess in July, NATO presented its framework agreement two months
ahead of schedule. When the talks reconvene on September 7, we are hoping the
Warsaw Pact will join us to work constructively and with a sense of urgency If the
Soviets truly exhibit "new thinking," we can change the military map of Europe.
For Poland, and for all the nations held captive these past four decades, President
Bush wants self-determination. That is why he demands that Gorbachev explicitily
renounce the infamous Brezhnev Doctrine which claimed the Soviet Union's "right" to
employ force in other countries in order to prevent the people from moving away from
Communism.
President Bush has pledged United States support for freedom, democracy, and the
dignity of the human being in Poland. He is committed to providing U.S. financial
support to help establish U.S.-Polish joint ventures and other private enterprises to
turn the ailing Polish economy around.
However much help we may offer, one must always recognize that the lion's share
of the credit for what is occurring in Poland must go to the Polish people.
During World War II, after the Polish Army was attacked first from the West and
then from the East, they formed active units and an underground to fight against Nazi
tyranny. I know from personal observation what the Polish Corps did in Italy. The
Poles fought ably and with valor at Monte Cassino and Bologna. Not only did the Poles
fight in Army units in Africa, Italy, France, Norway and Germany, but they fought with
Naval units as well. And we must not forget that every eighth pilot in the Battle of
Britain was a Pole. Churchill did not forget. He said, "Never have so many owed so
much to SO few."
Let me also not underestimate the value of the support of groups such as yours.
Voluntary community organizations have formed a great bulwark of American freedom
since our Republic was young, as Alexis de Toqueville observed a century and a half
ago. For a long time, too, American voluntary organizations have been helping the
cause of freedom in other lands. Your efforts to keep the spirit of Poland alive in the
United States has not only influenced our Presidents, Senators and Congressmen.
Your support also has given great encouragement to Poles during their long period of
political suppression and economic privation.
Like Yellowstone, which seemed burned beyond recovery, Poland is beginning to
bloom again. The great sadness and doom which have pervaded over forty years is
changing into a realistic and restrained hopefulness. There is still a long, hard journey
ahead. But everywhere Poles are again proudly singing the words of their national
anthem: "Poland will not be lost so long as we live."
03/16/90
17:10
202 647 1830
EDWARD L. ROWNY
006/008
Relationship of Arms Control to Events in Eastern Europe
Remarks to the Brent Society, Arlington, Virginia, 17 January 1990
by Edward L. Rowny,
Special Adviser to the President
and Secretary of State for Arms Control Matters
In the past three months we have been witnessing a profound and for the most part
bloodless revolution in Eastern and Central Europe. Since early October we have seen events
occur which have overturned 40 years of tight Soviet control over six countries.
In early October we saw the demonstrations in East Germany which resulted in the ouster
of Honecker. Later, we saw Hungary declared a free republic.
In November, the Berlin wall was breached, Zhivkov was ousted in Bulgaria and Jakes
resigned in Czechoslovakia. In December the revolution spread to Romania where Ceausescu
was first ousted and then on Christmas day executed. And on December 29th Vaclav Havel
became president of Czechoslovakia.
Just last week we saw Gorbachev go to Vilnius to try to convince the Lithuanians not to
secede. No sooner did he get back to Moscow than riots broke out between Christians and
Moslems in Azerbaijan.
Yes, we are living in heady and eventful days. But let me try to put the events in broader
perspective from my own vantage point.
In 1981 I came back into Government after an absence of two years. I was brought back by
President Reagan who had the same philosophy about arms control that I did. That
philosophy, most succinctly stated, is that we and the Soviets do not mistrust one another
because we have arms, we have arms because we mistrust one another. President Reagan did
two things. First, he rebuilt our weakened arms posture. He recognized what I had come to
witness at the negotiating table, namely that the Soviets respect strength and take advantage
of weakness. Secondly, President Reagan adopted a broad agenda for U.S.-Soviet relations.
Instead of making arms control the centerpiece of our relations with the Soviets he began to
stress three other items: human rights, regional issues, and bilateral issues.
During his first term, while he was rebuilding United States strength, Reagan attempted
to involve the Soviets in the broader issues of US/USSR relations. Brezhnev was still
pronouncing the Brezhnev Doctrine the "right" of the USSR to intervene internally in other
states to promote Communism and prevent its rollback. And he and Gromyko insisted that
human rights was an internal matter to be left to states to resolve. Reagan said just the
opposite: human rights are universal rights and we can't deal with leaders who don't trust
their people or are not trusted by them.
However, things were beginning to change in Eastern Europe. In 1980 a Polish electrician,
Lech Walesa, jumped the wall in a shipyard in Gdansk and proclaimed the birth of an
independent trade union - Solidarity. He was supported by the AFL/CIO in the United
States. Martial law put a temporary stop to his vision of freedom in the workplace. Catholic
priests supporting Solidarity were harassed and one priest, Father Jerzy Popieleszko, was
murdered.
In Poland, where the moves to freedom started. we must give particular recognition to the
role of the Catholic church. The strong support of the church for the freedom and dignity of
the individual gave faith to the Poles throughout their long dark period of suppression.
In 1985 Gorbachev came to power in the USSR. With his proclamation of perestroika and
glasnost things began to change.
03/16/90
17:11
202 647 1830
EDWARD L. ROWNY
007/008
-2-
At the 1985 summit, when Reagan and Gorbachev met for the first time, Reagan
tried to advance human rights and regional issues. But Gorbachev would have nothing
to do with that agenda; he wanted to concentrate only on arms control. By the time of
their final summit, in the summer of 1988, Reagan's steady pressure on Gorbachev was
beginning to pay off. The Soviets were letting more dissidents emigrate and allowing
more divided families to reunite. And regional issues were being resolved with promises
by Gorbachev that he would withdraw Soviet troops from Afghanistan. A treaty was
worked out on intermediate range nuclear weapons and today an entire class of nuclear
weapons is not only being eliminated but the weapons are being destroyed in a verifiable
manner.
After the first Reagan-Gorbachev summit in 1985 I was sent to the capitals of East
Europe to explain our arms control policies. I was warmly received in Poland and
Hungary, and less warmly but still correctly received in Czechoslovakia and East
Germany. I was subsequently sent back several times. It gave me an insight into the
changing events in Eastern Europe and a chance to meet old friends and make new
ones. I got to see Bronislaw Geremek on several occasions. I had first met Geremek at
the Wilson Center in 1979 where we were both fellows. I got to meet, through him, Lech
Walesa and other future Polish leaders. I also got to know Vaclav Havel, Jiri Dienstbier
and Rita Klimova in Czechoslovakia. I sensed that these persons would rise to power in
their respective countries, but I had no idea it would happen SO soon.
President Bush came into office determined to continue Reagan's policies. Last
spring in Brussels, Bush proposed a bold plan to reduce conventional arms and called for
the reduction, to lower equal levels, of tanks, armored personnel carriers, artillery
pieces, helicopters and planes in Europe. He also called for the US and USSR to reduce
their troops in Europe to new lower levels. NATO accepted this plan and called upon the
Warsaw Pact to negotiate a treaty on conventional forces (CFE) by the end of 1990.
President Bush also called upon Gorbachev to accelerate the talks in strategic arms and
to try to resolve all outstanding issues by June 1990, at the Washington Summit.
What prospects, then do I give the events in Eastern and Central Europe. First, will
Gorbachev survive? Yes, I think he will. He is not only an able politician but the people
and leaders in the Soviet Union sense they need him to lead them.
Why has he allowed events to happen so rapidly in Eastern Europe? In my opinion,
Gorbachev realized that he needed to relax tensions in Europe if he was to attract
Western investments and technology transfers to the USSR. In my view he felt he could
let off some of the pressure gradually and still keep the lid from blowing off. I think he
underestimated the deep-seated longing for freedom of peoples in countries the USSR
had taken over. Eager to grant them several inches of progress, they each took a mile.
Gorbachev has made it clear, however, that he will not tolerate their breaking away
from the Warsaw Pact. In other words, they can enjoy a certain amount of internal
freedom and economic independence, but they must not alter the military situation. And
I think the East European leaders, happy with their new democratic processes and
chance to reform economically are not going to risk these advances by breaking from the
Warsaw Pact. However, leaders in the West as well as the East see a danger in a rapid
re-unification of West and East Germany; they are happy that Chancellor Kohl is
proceeding slowly and cautiously.
Where will this all end? It is, of course, hard to predict. But I think we can safely
assume that economic dynamism will take hold in the countries of Eastern Europe.
Whether economic reforms will also take hold in the USSR, we cannot be certain. So
far, Gorbachev's perestroika has not permitted freer markets and a convertible currency
within the USSR. Unless and until these things happen, Gorbachev will continue to
tinker with the economy, which so far has been getting worse and not better.
03/16/90
17:12
202 647 1830
EDWARD L. ROWNY
008/008
-3-
And what about political events within the USSR? In my view, Gorbachev will
continue to issue promises that the Baltic states can secede, but will be slow and careful
in letting it happen. It is not that Lithuania, Estonia, and Latvia are in themselves so
important, but because of the domino effect which could take place in the other 15
republics. Events in Azerbaijan could spread to Georgia, Moldavia and finally into the
Ukraine. And then the USSR would really be in trouble.
What should be our policies? In my view we should encourage and help the Eastern
Europe states to restructure and rebuild their economies. We should do this not by
making loans and giving money, but by giving technical assistance and encouraging the
flow of capital to sound economic enterprises. And while we should offer technical
assistance to the Soviet Union, I believe we should neither give loans nor encourage
investments until we see changes in the USSR which show a prospect of success. As for
arms control, we should do all we can to bring about a CFE Treaty in 1990 and should
enter into an agreement on strategic nuclear weapons only if we can do SO without
making undue concessions.
Meanwhile, we should keep our powder dry and not assume that all of the events
which have transpired are irreversible. While I believe many are, I do not rule out a
regression to repressive acts. Seventy years of totalitarianism is not changed overnight.
We should take heart and renew our confidence in our democratic way of life.
Through a lot of hard work, sacrifices and some good luck we have moved into a
decade where we can be more confident and more optimistic about changes in the world
and our place in it. We need to ensure that the great experiment of democratic reform
from communism in Eastern Europe does succeed. A future U.S. role in Europe as a
stabilizing factor is recognized by countries in both Western and Eastern Europe.
Finally, let me stress a factor that a distinguished group of Catholic laymen such as
yourselves should appreciate. I refer to Divine Providence. Saint Ignatius of Loyola
said, "Work as though all depended on yourself; pray in recognition that all depends on
God."
Years before Gorbachev emerged from the anonymity of the Soviet bureaucracy, two
robust men of deep religious faith stood up to lead the peaceful revolution that now is
transforming Eastern Europe: I refer to Pope John Paul II (Karol Wojtyla) and Lech
Walesa. Both are supreme exemplars of Saint Ignatius' motto.
All of us should pray that the historic meeting between the Holy Father and
Gorbachev last November signals the beginning of something: the beginning of a
spiritual healing process reaching to the highest levels of the Soviet empire.
My friend Jerzy Turowicz of Krakow, who was Karol Wojtyla's first editor more than
four decades ago, believes that Gorbachev's Vatican visit signalled the end of something.
Turowicz writes this is the end of "the gargantuan project of building a society without
God and religion. This project has failed. It has proved impossible to cut the bridge
between man and God; Marxist ideology is ineffective and dead; and Christianity has
defended itself from atheism's attack, despite the latter's vast arsenal of weapons."
But let me return finally to the worldly side of Saint Ignatius' motto: "Work as
though all depended on yourself, pray in recognition that all depends on God."
<DIST>SIT: VAX
<PREC> IMMEDIATE<CLAS> UNCLASSIFIED<OSRI> RUFHVI<DTG> 241408Z SEP 90
<ORIG>FM AMEMBASSY VIENNA
<TO>TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 5640
INFO RUEHIA/USIA WASHDC PRIORITY 1842
<SUBJ>SUBJECT: CSCE PREPCOM: SUGGESTED PUBLIC AFFAIRS THEMES
-
FOR THE NEW YORK FOREIGN MINISTERS' MEETING
REF VIENNA 9189
<TEXT>
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 02 VIENNA 10640
cc: Chris Winston
USIA FOR EU/GAWRONSKI, P/PACO, P/G - JMCGREGOR
FROM USDEL CSCE PREPCOM
E.O. 12356: N/A
w/ved dot
TAGS: CSCE, NATO, KSUM, PREL
SUBJECT: CSCE PREPCOM: SUGGESTED PUBLIC AFFAIRS THEMES
-
FOR THE NEW YORK FOREIGN MINISTERS' MEETING
REF VIENNA 9189
~BEGIN SUMMARY~
1. SUMMARY: AS REQUESTED, POST HEREWITH SUBMITS
SUGGESTED PUBLIC AFFAIRS THEMES TO BE USED BY MISSIONS IN
PUBLIC STATEMENTS AND WITH THE MEDIA AS WELL AS BY THE
DEPARTMENT IN U.S. PUBLIC INFORMATION EFFORTS. WE
RECOMMEND THAT THESE THEMES BE PROVIDED TO THE CSCE
COLLECTIVE, USIA AND OTHER INTERESTED WASHINGTON AGENCIES
NLT SEPTEMBER 26, IN ORDER TO FACILITATE THEIR EFFECTIVE
PUBLIC AFFAIRS PROGRAMS. END SUMMARY.
~END SUMMARY~
2. BEGIN THEMES:
1. THE NEW YORK MINISTERIAL IS A WORKING MEETING WHICH
WILL ALLOW THE FOREIGN MINISTERS OF THE THIRTY-FIVE CSCE
PARTICIPATING STATES TO PROVIDE DIRECT IMPETUS TOT HE
NEXT CRUCIAL STEPS IN THE EVOLUTION OF THE CSCE PROCESS.
THE PARTICIPANTS WILL DISCUSS THE PROGRESS OF THE CSCE
PREPARATORY COMMITTEE, WHICH HAS BEEN MEETING IN VIENNA
SINCE JULY 10 TO PLAN THE PARIS SUMMIT. THAT SUMMIT WILL
ENDORSE A CFE AGREEMENT, WHICH IS ESSENTIAL IF A SUMMIT
IS TO BE CONVENED. IT WILL ALSO APPROVE A PACKAGE OF
CONFIDENCE AND SECURITY-BUILDING MEASURES CSBMS) AND A
NUMBER OF IMPORTANT PROPOSALS FOR INSTITUTIONALIZING THE
CSCE PROCESS.
2. THE CSCE PROCESS HAS PLAYED A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN THE
LIBERATION OF EASTERN EUROPE THROUGH THE PROMOTION OF
HUMAN RIGHTS AND EAST-WEST COMMITMENTS WHICH HAVE HELPED
TO REUNIFY THE CONTINENT. THE LEADERS OF THE NEW EASTERN
EUROPEAN GOVERNMENTS HAVE WIDELY ACKNOWLEDGED THE
IMPORTANCE OF THE CSCE PROCESS IN PROVIDING AN
INTERNATIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR HUMAN RIGHTS WHICH BOTH
INSPIRED THEM IN THEIR PARTICULAR STRUGGLES AND PROVIDED
LEGAL JUSTIFICATION FOR THEIR HUMAN RIGHTS DEMANDS.
3. CSCE HAS, FROM THE BEGINNING, BEEN A TRANS-ATLANTIC
PROCESS -- ONE IN WHICH THE UNITED STATES PLAYED A
LEADERSHIP ROLE, AND WHICH CONTINUES TO OFFER THE U.S. A
VITAL ROLE IN POST-COLD WAR EUROPE. THE U.S. IS
COMMITTED TO ADAPTING THE CSCE PROCESS AND CAPITALIZING
ON NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR CONSTRUCTIVE CHANGE THROUGH
CREATIVE, BUT AT THE SAME TIME, RESPONSIBLE AND REALISTIC
POLICIES. A SIGN OF THIS U.S. COMMITMENT IS ITS ROLE AS
HOST OF THE NY MINISTERIAL MEETING, THE FIRST CSCE
MEETING TO BE HELD ON U.S. SOIL, AND THE FACT THAT THE
MEETING WILL BE OPENED BY THE PRESIDENT.
4. THE CSCE PROCESS IS A THOROUGHLY WESTERN INSTITUTION,
BUILT ON WESTERN VALUES OF FREEDOM, COOPERATION AND
OPENNESS, NOW ACCEPTED THROUGHOUT EUROPE, BUT LONG
SUPPORTED BY NATO ALLIANCE. IT IS COMPLEMENTARY TO NATO
AND HAS PROVIDED THE KEY EAST-WEST FORUM THROUGH WHICH
ALLIANCE OBJECTIVES HAVE BEEN -- AND CONTINUE TO BE --
NEGOTIATED AND IMPLEMENTED. CSCE HAS HISTORICALLY
STRENGTHENED NATO COHESION BY ARTICULATING AND PUTTING ON
THE EAST-WEST AGENDA THE CORE WESTERN VALUES WHICH NATO
REPRESENTS AND WHICH HAVE SUCCESSFULLY CONTRIBUTED TO A
EUROPE WHOLE AND FREE.
5. THE DISCUSSION AT THE NEW YORK MINISTERIAL ARE BASED
ON THE LONDON NATO SUMMIT DECLARATION, WHICH DEMONSTRATES
A FORWARD-LOOKING APPROACH TO CSCE AND TO A RESPONSIBLE
INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF SOME OF THE CSCE FUNCTION --
SPECIFICALLY IN THE FIELDS OF POLITICAL CONSULTATION,
SECURITY, FREE ELECTIONS AND PARLIAMENTARY COOPERATION.
THESE INNOVATIONS, HOWEVER, MUST BE IMPLEMENTED GRADUALLY
AND FROM THE GROUND UP TO AVOID THE BUREAUCRATIZATION OF
WHAT IS INHERENTLY A DYNAMIC PROCESS.
6. SINCE THE NEW YORK MINISTERIAL WILL BE ABOVE ALL A
WORKING MEETING, THE PARTICIPANTS IN THE VIENNA
PREPARATORY COMMITTEE HAVE INCLUDED ON THE AGENDA A
SESSION IN WHICH THE MINISTERS CAN WORK TOGETHER ON
SPECIFIC ISSUES WITHOUT THE GLARE OF PUBLICITY. THIS
INNOVATION REFLECTS THE SERIOUS DESIRE OF ALL DELEGATIONS
TO MAKE CONCRETE PROGRESS ON SUBSTANTIVE MATTERS AND WILL
BE AN IMPORTANT PRECEDENT FOR FUTURE SENIOR-LEVEL CSCE
MEETINGS.
UNCLAS SECTION 02 OF 02 VIENNA 10640
USIA FOR EU/GAWRONSKI, P/PACO, P/G - JMCGREGOR
FROM USDEL CSCE PREPCOM
E.O. 12356: N/A
TAGS: CSCE, NATO, KSUM, PREL
SUBJECT: CSCE PREPCOM: SUGGESTED PUBLIC AFFAIRS THEMES
7. THE NEW YORK MINISTERIAL WILL DISCUSS SIX SPECIFIC
PROPOSALS, PUT FORWARD IN THE LONDON NATO DECLARATION, TO
STRUCTURE THE CSCE PROCESS:
-- A PROGRAM FOR REGULAR CONSULTATIONS AT THE SUMMIT,
MINISTERIAL, OFFICIAL AND EXPERT LEVELS;
-- SCHEDULED FOLLOW-UP MEETINGS EVERY TWO YEARS TO TAKE
STOCK OF DEVELOPMENTS;
-- A SMALL SECRETARIAT TO MANAGE THIS ENHANCED
CONSULTATIVE SCHEDULE;
-- A MECHANISM TO OBSERVE ELECTIONS;
-- A CENTER FOR THE PREVENTION OF CONFLICT;
-- A CSCE PARLIAMENTARY ASSEMBLY.
PRODUCTIVE DELIBERATIONS IN NEW YORK WILL ENSURE THAT THE
PARIS SUMMIT WILL SUCCEED IN CREATING A SOLID, WORKABLE
STRUCTURE FOR AN ENHANCED CSCE PROCESS.
END THEMES.
MARESCA
<SECT>SECTION: 01 OF 02<SSN> 0640<STOR> 900924103634 MSG000275481394
<SECT>SECTION: 02 OF 02<SSN> 0640<STOR> 900924103603 MSG000275481363
<TOR>900924105511
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
17-Sep-1990 18:25 EDT
CONFIDENTIAL
MEMORANDUM FOR:
Florence E. Gantt
( GANTT )
Diane L. Edwards
( EDWARDS )
Dona F. Proctor
( PROCTOR )
FROM:
Robert L. Hutchings
(HUTCHINGS)
SUBJECT:
President's Remarks at CSCE Ministerial
Please pass to the General and Bob Gates.
We envision brief remarks of five to seven minutes, built around
the following themes. (The President's being there is most
important thing.)
-- First CSCE meeting ever held in the United States: a further
symbol of the linkage of America's future and Europe's.
-- Unique forum for bringing together the countries of North
America and Europe, as well as the Soviet Union.
-- Vital role CSCE has played in supporting human rights in
eastern Europe -- vindicated by the "revolutions of '89."
-- The President's call for CSCE to take on the new missions of
helping the victorious forces of democracy in eastern Europe
secure their revolutions and assuring them a strong voice in
the new Europe. (Elaborated on in the Stillwater speech.)
-- U.S. support for strengthening the CSCE, including through
the creation of new institutions, to provide a wider
political dialogue in a more united Europe. (Elaborated on
in the London Summit Declaration.)
CC: Condoleezza Rice
( RICE )
DECLASSIFIED
PER NSC WAIVER,
By It NARA, Date 06/13/23
01/12/90 14:11
202 693 5706
ASD(PA&E)-PENT
003
The Reported $180B DOD Budget Cut
1.
The $180B cut came from an internal DoD budget planning exercise
initiated by Secretary Cheney. It is not incorporated into the
President's FY91 budget submission and associated out-year toplines.
2. The $180B cut applied to FY92-94 and was arrived at by first adding
to the Spring 1989 five-year program the effects of OMB's revised
price deflators, more robust pay raise assumptions, and elimination
of out-year wedges for anticipated program savings generated during
DoD's budget scrubs as the out-years became budget years. Adjusting
this revised DoD program downward to achieve a flat DOD budget of
$300B IN CURRENT DOLLARS would then require cuts of $43.5B, $59.5B,
and $76.6B in FY 92, 93, and 94, respectively. The sum of these
adjustments is $179.6B.
Material prepared by: M.L Dominguez, OASD(PA&E), 695-0749 and
R. Davidson, Office of the DoD Comptroller, 695-9252
OF DEFENSE
NEWS RELEASE
OFFICE OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
(PUBLIC AFFAIRS)
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
WASHINGTON, D.C. - 20301
PLEASE NOTE DATE
IMMEDIATE RELEASE
No.353-89
697-3189 (Copies)
695-3886 (Info.)
REMARKS PREPARED FOR DELIVERY BY
THE HONORABLE DICK CHENEY
SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
NATIONAL LEAGUE OF FAMILIES OF
PRISONERS OF WAR AND MISSING IN ACTION
WASHINGTON, D.C.
SATURDAY, JULY 29, 1989
Thank you all very much, it's a pleasure to join you. I'm especially
pleased to be here for your 20th annual meeting. Although there is much that
still has to be done, I want to begin tonight by recognizing the League's
contribution to the progress we've made so far in this critically important
effort.
With your meetings and briefings completed, I hope you found your trip
to Washington fruitful. We profit from these meetings as well. In fact, we
all profit when information is shared and resources pooled.
Let me start by acknowledging the enormous contribution of your
Executive Director, Ann Mills Griffiths and your Chairman George Brooks. Ann
shared her thoughts with me very early in my tenure as Secretary, and I want
you to know Ann that I appreciate the invaluable help you've already given me
and the guidance you've given the Department for many years. George Brooks
is what this organization is all about -- dedication. Even after he and his
wife Gladys received final word on their son in 1982, their interest in
America's missing and unaccounted for has never flagged. In George and
Gladys' dictionary, the word "self-interest" doesn't even appear.
I want to give you my own perspective tonight on our continuing efforts
to gain the fullest possible accounting of your family members missing in
Indochina. Over the last two days of your meetings, you've had a host of
detailed briefings and discussions, so there is no need for me to cover
ground with which you are already quite familiar. What I can do is address a
few other issues that must certainly be on your mind. With any new
Administration, questions arise about our future efforts to resolve every
possible case of servicemen missing or unaccounted for. Let me discuss that
future, and let me also discuss my own personal commitment to this issue.
MORE
I can't move from my home to my office, or from my office to a meeting,
without seeing and feeling the graphic reminders of the strength and
sacrifice that come with military service. From the POW/MIA corridor on the
fourth floor of the Pentagon, with its list of Americans who are still
unaccounted for, to Arlington National Cemetery and the Tomb of the Unknown
Soldier, that lies just to the west of the Pentagon and sweeps below me every
time I take the Marine helicopter, I cannot escape the feelings of loss and
uncertainty that surround war. The monuments and symbols that are so much a
part of this capital city remind us of our obligation to the memory of those
killed in battle and those whose fate we have yet to discover. But we are
also reminded that there is more to the sacrifice of war than the courage and
strength of our soldiers.
Fathers, wives, sons, mothers, and daughters stand behind our military
-- families contribute quietly, but fundamentally, to national security.
They serve no less than the men and women in uniform. We understand that,
and that is why I've put people first in our budget. Military families and
quality of life programs will not be ignored, no matter how tightly our
budget is squeezed.
No families, however, have a greater claim to our attention than you do.
While all families make sacrifices, yours is different. Your service to
America, and the uncertainties you have been forced to live with, are both
immeasurable and unrelenting. I want to assure you that I will never lose
sight of that fact.
As a member of the House Intelligence Committee, I was able to
participate in hearings and briefings on our efforts to achieve the fullest
possible accounting of our POWs and MIAs. In many ways, this was a
privileged position. Committee members could follow in detail our
intelligence collection efforts, and come to understand how we cope with the
roadblocks and complexities that are so much a part of this important effort.
Two things always impressed me: First, that we have an enormous task before
us made more difficult by the political realities of southeast Asia, and
second, that no matter how difficult, our dedication to this search must not
wane. And, of course, our dedication to this cause includes our continuing
efforts to free Col. Rich Higgins, the prisoner of a different kind of war --
a war in which his sole purpose was keeping the peace.
As Secretary of Defense, I have gained a keener appreciation of our
quest for accurate information. In my earliest days in office, I met with
General Vessey, the President's Special Emissary for POW/MIA Affairs and
assured him of my personal support for his efforts. The General briefed me
on his current efforts and we talked about our hopes for the future. We are
blessed to have a man of this caliber leading our negotiations with the
Vietnamese. I think they see in Jack Vessey the same thing we see -- a man
of unimpeachable integrity and honesty. He has done an extraordinary job and
that's why President Bush has asked him to remain in his post.
There's no question that Jack Vessey has made a difference. Let me just
note a few of the activities that have taken place since his first mission to
Hanoi in August 1987.
Our numerous technical level meetings with the Vietnamese have
succeeded in hammering out important details permitting us to expand
both the scope and effectiveness of our joint investigations and
other POW/MIA related activities with the Vietnamese.
MORE
-3-
The Vietnamese have repatriated 212 remains, 74 of them since the
first of this year. Of the overall total, 62 have thus far been
identified as those of missing Americans, bringing long awaited
answers to their families. Many of the remains are still undergoing
analysis by the Central Identification Laboratory. While many may
prove to be unidentifiable or not those of Americans, we welcome the
opportunity to examine for ourselves any remains thought to be those
of our missing servicemen. We look forward to the next repatriation
that will take place Monday.
As you know, the seventh iteration of joint investigations will
begin in just two days. These investigations have given us
important insights into some of the most compelling discrepancy
cases. We have much more to do, and we will continue to press the
Vietnamese to make witnesses available and to share whatever
information they have concerning those missing and unaccounted for.
In Laos, we reached important agreements early this year for a year-
round program to accelerate resolving the fate of over 500 missing
or unaccounted for in that country. We are now working to build on
that development. Since the beginning of this year, we've
undertaken two crash site excavations, including the first rainy
season effort. Cooperation from the Lao has been good and we look
forward to this increasing.
Of course, it's doubtful we would have these opportunities today were it
not for President Reagan's and Vice President Bush's decision back in 1981 to
elevate the POW/MIA issue to a matter of the highest national priority.
Tonight, I join President Bush in assuring you that our efforts to
account for all missing Americans in Indochina remains just that -- an issue
of the highest national priority.
Just this week, I spoke to the President about this issue and reviewed
for him some of the steps we've been taking and some of the progress we've
made. The President could not be more determined to see to it that we
achieve the fullest possible accounting. He told me to make certain that the
Department commits the resources required to get the job done.
The accelerated rate of progress -- the site surveys, crash site
excavations, field investigations, identification activities and technical
discussions with the Vietnamese and Lao -- all these have increased our own
workload. We have responded accordingly by increasing resources and full-
time staff at the Defense Intelligence Agency, the U.S. Army Central
Identification Laboratory, the Joint Casualty Resolution Center.
I am ready to expand these specialized units whenever the need dictates.
Indeed, nothing would please me more than to have greater progress create a
need for more manpower, equipment, and funds. Like you, I am acutely aware
that there are still 2,347 Americans unaccounted for in Indochina.
Moreover, we continue to take very seriously all reports of live
prisoners in this region. As always, the answers to this most vexing issue
lie with the Indochinese governments, not here in Washington. The burden is
on them to supply satisfactory answers to this sensitive question.
When such reports come to us we investigate them as thoroughly,
completely, and expeditiously as possible. The recent case of the elderly
Japanese Monk, Ganshin Yoshida, is a good example. I know that you have
received detailed briefings on this case from the Defense Intelligence
Agency. Let me stress that prior to Yoshida's release in January, our
Government contacted his family to arrange interviews with him. Regrettably,
his very poor health precluded our talking with him at that time.
Since then, we have interviewed him twice, and as you are aware, we have
discovered that his mental and physical ailments make his recollections
cloudy.
I share your disappointment that thus far this source has not proven as
useful as we had hoped. We will continue to pursue this case and the
information attributed to the Monk by his daughter. Moreover, it is
incumbent on the Vietnamese to give us details of Yoshida's captivity. The
Vietnamese must recognize that these questions are not going to go away.
I have made certain that DIA's special office for POW/MIA affairs, and
the DIA collection team in southeast Asia will stay on this, as well as other
cases, and keep me fully informed.
In this regard, it is essential that the Secretary of Defense maintain
the closest possible connection to this issue, that he be informed and up to
date. I have therefore appointed my Assistant Secretary for International
Security Affairs, Henry Rowen to be my special advisor on the POW/MIA issues.
In addition to seeing that I receive all relevant intelligence, Henry Rowen
is charged with being my direct link to the League. He will be open to your
specific concerns and continue the long, close working relationship with Ann
to make sure you remain fully informed. Just as important, Assistant
Secretary Rowen will ensure that there are no bureaucratic bottlenecks to our
resolving these issues. If we ever hear the sound of dragging feet, we'll
administer the kick where it's needed.
Still, no matter how much we do here in Washington to resolve the
questions surrounding our missing and unaccounted for, we must look to Hanoi,
Phnom Penh, and Vientiane for final answers. The complex politics of this
region, our own historical involvement, and our current diplomatic efforts
all play a role in our future efforts on the POW/MIA issue.
Much interest, of course, focuses on Cambodia. Here we have heard
claims that the Cambodian regime currently holds American remains. We have
made clear to Phnom Penh that we are prepared immediately to dispatch an Air
Force plane and an official repatriation team to pick up these remains.
Regrettably, we have had no response.
Regarding the conflict in Cambodia, the United States has consistently
called for a complete, and internationally verified withdrawal of all
Vietnamese troops, effective measures to prevent the return to power of the
Khmer Rouge, and a free and fair election to reestablish a truly sovereign
and independent country. The Khmer Rouge are responsible for the death of
some million-and-a-half persons -- that awesome figure represents 20% of
Cambodia's 1975 population. They must not be allowed to return to dominance.
MORE
-5-
Our position on normalization of relations is well understood by that
government. Normalization is possible only in the context of a comprehensive
Cambodian settlement which provides for a genuine withdrawal of all
Vietnamese troops from Cambodia, and a real opportunity for the Cambodian
people to determine their own fate, free from either Vietnamese domination,
or Khmer Rouge terror. As a practical matter, of course, the pace and scope
of the normalization process will be directly affected by the seriousness of
Vietnam's cooperation with us on the POW/MIA issue as well as other
humanitarian concerns.
Vietnam has pledged to withdraw from Cambodia by the end of September,
and as we speak, meetings involving the four Cambodian factions, Vietnam and
Laos, the countries of the association of southeast Asia nations, and the
U.S. government are taking place in Paris. We cannot know for sure, however,
whether these, and other positive developments, will lead to a negotiated
settlement in Cambodia, or whether they promise greater progress as we try to
gain the fullest possible accounting of our missing men.
With regard to the POW/MIA issue, I can do no better than to repeat the
President's words from his inaugural address: "Good will begets good will.
Good faith can be a spiral that endlessly moves on."
Only you can truly understand what it is like to wait for answers over
so many years, living with painful uncertainty and always being asked to
trust in the efforts of a sometimes secretive and cumbersome bureaucracy in
Washington. I do not claim to know what it is like to stand in your shoes.
What I can say is that I am now a partner in this task. I will miss no
reasonable chance to resolve the terrible burden you and all the families
have endured.
If nothing else, I want you to leave here tonight knowing that your
mission is my mission.
How could it be otherwise? A nation that will not care for those fallen
in battle, a nation that will not seek freedom for those held captive, a
nation that forgets its missing in action, such a nation has lost its soul.
That will not be the final legacy of Vietnam.
Every step forward tells us that answers are not beyond our reach.
Every case resolved gives us hope that others will soon follow. I join you
tonight in the hope that some day meetings such as this may not be necessary.
Thank you all very much.
NEW YORK POST, WEDNESDAY, MAY 3, 1989
25
DIVIDING LINE
GERMANY
BE ONE AGAIN
HE headline read: "U.S.
many more, not less, likely
mans, rightly or wrongly,
plomacy today is to lead the
has been expelled.
Anger Rising Against
to serve one day as theater
see in Gorbachev a new, dif-
alliance that withstood the
We have no alternative
Germans Over NATO
for a NATO-Warsaw Pact
ferent Soviet leader who
Soviet Empire during the
now but to call his bluff.
Stand"; it sat atop a New
conflict that would mean na
holds the key to what Ger-
Cold War into negotiations
On his trip to NATO for its
York Times story about
tional destruction.
mans think of always and
to end that Cold War. The
40th anniversary, President
Washington's disgust with
Given massive Soviet su-
speak of never: National
German crisis is forcing
Bush should say out loud
Chancellor Kohl's call for
periority in tanks, artillery
reunification, the dream of
NATO to debate the terms
what Germans whisper:
negotiations with Moscow
and attack aircraft, Wash-
a united Germany taking
of its own dissolution.
that reunification is right
on removal of all nuclear
ington and London argue,
her place as dominant
Nor can we long avoid the
and just, an idea whose
weapons from German soil.
the only way Germany can
power in Central Europe.
final question: Do we sup-
time has come again, that
The anger is understand-
be defended is with nuclear
We Americans are right-
port German reunification,
we are prepared to negoti-
able. Those weapons are not
weapons. But to German
fully proud of the NATO al-
or do we share the hidden
ate total withdrawal of U.S.
only NATO's deterrent, they
ears, that sounds like the
liance; it was an historic
agenda of many Europeans,
troops from German soil if
are NATO" defense. Absent
"Anglo-Saxons" being pre-
East and West, to keep Ger-
Gorbachev will take his
nuclear weapons, 200,000
pared to destroy Germany
many divided?
Red Army back home to the
American troops in Ger-
in order to save her. Every
America has nothing to
Soviet Union.
many become hostage to
PATRICK J.
short-range weapon fired,
the 20 Soviet divisions
American or Russian,
NATO's job is
fear from a united Germa-
If Moscow balks; Gorba
ny. But if we seek perma-
chev's hand will have been
across the Iron Curtain.
BUCHANAN
would land on German soil.
done; it's time
nent American presence in
exposed; if he accepts, the
But we had best recognize
Forty-four years after Hit-
a divided Germany, we
Cold War could end on
there is something deeper
be enthusiastic to learn that
ler's suicide, West Germany
for Bush to call
may expect, soon, from our
terms some of us never.
here than German arbi-
more accurate nuclear mis-
is a new nation. Prosperous
German allies a long good-
dreamed possible.
trariness; rather than dis-
siles, which could hit Kan-
and free, West Germans are
Gorby's bluff
bye as they seek their new
Then it will indeed be time
missing German senti-
sas City and Denver, would
fed up having their noses
destiny in the East.
to come home, time to let
ments as pacifist, naive,
be deployed in Illinois?
rubbed in the half-century-
Gorbachev's failures at
320 million rich Europeans
America should try to see
The hard truth is that
old horrors of a dead dicta-
achievement of American
home have been matched
decide themselves how to
the German point of view.
NATO has very probably de-
tor, by allies who never rub
diplomacy and American
by striking successes on the
cope with 270 million im-
Ask ourselves: If the
ployed its last nuclear weap-
Russian noses in the atroci-
arms. We rescued, and de-
world stage. West Germany
poverished Soviets. NATO
United States were divided
on. Left and right, Germans
ties of J.V. Stalin.
fended, Europe from Stalin-
is persuaded he wants a
is the most successful al-
for half a century along the
believe that bringing in new
They want an end to for-
ism. But NATO was never
new Europe, demilitarized
liance in modern history;
Mississippi River, with
Lance missiles would polar-
eign troops on German soil,
an end in itself; it was al-
and at peace, that he har-
but there comes a time
Soviets on the west bank,
ize their country, enrage
an end to the Cold War.
ways a means to an end: de-
bors no hidden dream of
when nations must stand on
and British and French oc-
Moscow, undermine Mikhail
Not sharing America's
fense of Europe.
dominating a divided Ger-
their own, when the chil-
cupying the east, would we
Gorbachev and make Ger-
fear of Soviet invasion, Ger
The challenge for U.S. di-
many from which NATO
dren have to leave home.
explosion in Ukraine could trigger harshest crackdown
truth about themselves
pressure on local Commu-
and about the outside world
nist bosses are most effec-
Liberty.
tive, how to recruit beyond
students and intellectuals.
issence from Moscow
judi System dups w/
States into cooperation
/ 1234567 6 7
89
education.
1516 2 KC8
small, discreet skeps
require definition
jobs aspect of cup, gains -
"agenda for progress
A
investment = joles
built $ on traditional
Let's Popy Japan here
values. "
other nations
childrane
B Tax cut to g rorenues;
education
Oppositions: tax T to 1 revenues,
days
only only the idea
S+L's signed.
francial side 4 admin,
not a quick fox )
once in "gen" problem -
11 " " solution
five Cang credit for passing
bill very chre to what P.
Sent up.
1989
Washington Talk
Remorseless Dozing
Gets Presidential Nod
By MAUREEN DOWD
Special to The New York Times
WASHINGTON,
coming up peaches and oranges, like
Nov. 9 Some-
a slot machine." Mr. Bush does not.
times, even with
His metabolism is on such overdrive
all that adrenaline
that he reminds old Washington
and power pulsat-
hands of President Lyndon B. John-
ing through the White House, you
son, who put on his pajamas every
have to close your eyes and grab a
day at 4 P.M. for a nap, but ended up
few winks. Just for a minute. Just
frantically working the phone in his
until you catch yourself crashing
bedroom for an hour
head-first into the bowl of flowers on
Mr. Bush genially keeps track of
the President's coffee table in the
everyone else who nods off. "He
Oval Office.
passes out notes that say "Throw a
Because the sad truth is, even the
spitball at the general and wake him
nerve center of the Western world
can get a little tedious sometimes. So
up
said one senior adviser.
many charts and statistics. So many
President Reagan was ribbed for
foreign visitors talking stiffly about
dozing off during a 1982 Vatican
good relations. So many bureaucrats
meeting with the Pope. White House
droning on about the structural im-
staff members recall clustering
g
pediments initiative with Japan'or
around the television back home,
the fine print in the Pentagon budget
cheering him on to win one for the
of
or Representative Dingell's latest
Napper: "Hang in there, Dutch, you
reaction to Representative Wax-
can do it! Just a few more minutes!
ent
man's latest counterproposal based
viet
on Senator Chafee's ideas about the
clean air bill. Zzzzzzzzzz
Military briefers are considered
That's why President Bush has
the hardest on those prone to nod off.
this
created the annual Brent Scowcroft
The repetition that is a strength
lem
Award, named for the courtly na-
when you are indoctrinating 19-year-
the
tional security adviser who likes his
olds is a weakness when you' trying
catnaps.
to keep 50-year-olds awake,' says one
Marlin Fitzwater, the President's
Administration official.
press secretary, is the second winner,
Once, after some military aides
following Mr. Scowcroft himself. In
briefed Mr. Reagan and a group of
their offices both display photographs
aides with a slide show, the lights
ge
of themselves, sprawled in sleep on
came up to find five out of the six, in-
Air Force One, with inscriptions from
cluding the President, fast asleep.
Mr. Bush congratulating them on
The biggest group nap came at the
their awards. "The award," Mr. Fitz-
A
1987 economic summit meeting in
aring
water explained, "is given to the per-
Venice. As the Italian leader read the
owell
son who can go to sleep in the most
long final communiqué, all the other
r. the
obvious and seemingly embarrassing
heads of state in the Group of Seven,
it say
of situations without any remorse
except Prime Minister Brian Mulro-
whatsoever."
ney of Canada, snoozed on stage.
Mr. Reagan was admired for his
y by
surreptitious nap style. When he
y op-
Mr. Fitzwater prefers planes or the
awoke midmeeting, he would roll up
ty of
office couch. The 64-year-old Mr.
his eyes, as though he might have had
anic
ittee-
Scowcroft, who works 14 hours a day
them down on purpose.
One Bush official makes it a habit
sored
and often jogs at midnight because it
nded
is the only time he has free; is a mas-
to turn his desk chair away from the
ities
ter of public naps.
door and toward the window, thus giv-
port
He can fall asleep anywhere from
ing the impression to anyone who in-
the Oval Office to state dinners; clev-
terrupts that he is perusing papers.
erly masking the respite by striking
But the most skilled in soporific se-
has
ribu-
the pose of "The Thinker," with chin
crecy was the late spymaster Wil-
in hand and eyes downcast. But he al-
liam J. Casey, who napped without
radi-
letting his head fall forward onto his
mon
ways wakes up before he topples off
chest or backwards into that most
e na-
the couch and in good time to answer
a query from the President.
risky of all positions, "the whiplash."
g its
The only two officials who say they
The only faux pas is snoring. "It's
like a Mafioso code of honor,' ex-
al dis-
never conk out are the President and
1
pro-
the Secretary of State.
plained one Bush adviser. "We all
if the
Jim Baker glazes, a condition once
wake each other up when the snore
described by a colleague as "his eyes
occurs. We never let things deterio-
rate to that stage."
SUPPLEMENT: TUESDAY, August 7, 1990
COLORADO SPRINGS GAZETTE-TELEGRAPH
August 4, 1990
Pg. 1
SDI acted as deterrent,
Thatcher says
gram," said Stanley Orman, who until re-
for remarks after a 31/2-hour tour of the
cently headed the British SDI Participation
SDI National Test Facility at Falcon AFB.
Office in Washington. "She thoroughly un-
The NTF runs computer simulations and
derstands the concepts.
By Sue McMilitin
war games to determine the effectiveness
"She's very interested in technology and
Gazette Telegraph
of SDI technologies.
likes to get out and see it."
The "Star Wars" research
Her tour was interrupted when Presi-
Orman said he believes this is
dent Bush telephoned and the two con-
Thatcher's first visit to an SDI facility, al-
program led to the breakdown
versed for 20 minutes. The two leaders
though she has toured companies that are
of communism and the less-
met Thursday in Aspen, but Bush cut his
doing SDI research. Nevertheless, Friday's
ening of superpower tensions,
and proved the strength of
visit short to return to Washington to deal
visit was important because it publicly af-
technology in preserving free-
with the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.
firms her support for SDI.
dom and peace, British Prime
Earlier Friday, Thatcher spent 11/2 hours
Britain signed a memorandum of under-
standing with the United States about SDI
Minister Margaret Thatcher
touring the National Center for Atmo-
said Friday in Colorado
spheric Research in Boulder and discus-
in December 1985 - making it the first
U.S. ally to do so. The United States has
Springs.
sing global warming with scientists. Later
"I firmly believe that it was
Friday. she toured the North American
invited North Atlantic Treaty Organization
the determination to embark
Aerospace Defense Command's Cheyenne
nations and Israel, Japan, South Korea and
Mountain complex before returning to
Australia to join in SDI work.
jupon the SDI program and to
Aspen. where she will speak Sunday at the
SDI officials said Friday that British
continue, that eventually con-
Aspen Institute's symposium and accept
companies and agencies have 108 SDI con-
vinced the Soviet Union that
an award.
tracts worth about $80 million. They in-
they could never, never, never
achieve their aim by military
During her NORAD tour, Thatcher
clude experiments on neutral particle
beams, which have the power to burn
might, because they would
viewed the missile warning, space surveil-
lance and command center. She also visited
through metal. It also Includes work to
never succeed," Thatcher said
the Air Defense Operations Center, where
protect visual sensors in space from enemy
as an appreciative audience of
she was briefed on NORAD's involvement
jamming.
about 600 people at Falcon Air
in the drug war.
Thatcher's Friday visit to the NTF came
Force Base responded with
Thatcher was flown from Boulder to
after she accepted an offer by Monahan
thunderous applause.
Falcon AFB aboard an Army Blackhawk
earlier this year to visit any SDI facility.
The Soviets' reassessment of
helicopter. and was greeted by the new
Thatcher told Monahan she planned to be
their system and emphasis on
SDI director, Henry Cooper, and Gen. Don-
in Aspen and asked if a tour at a nearby
military strength led to enor-
ald 3. Kutyna, commander in chief of the
facility was possible.
mous change there and in East-
U.S. Space Command and NORAD.
SDIO officials brought in displays of
em Europe, Thatcher said,
But, she warned, those
The hosts whisked her into a waiting
rockets, computer chips. lasers and even
sedan and off to the not-quite-finished test
full-scale mock-up of a space shuttle hay
ceases could be Bost quickly
facility and a waiting group of scientists,
80 they could explain various projects to
free countries fail to continue
Thatcher.
engineers and program managers.
their pursuit of new technolo-
Thatcher is the first head of state to
Air Force Maj. Maureen LaComb. the
gies, including those associated
mission specialist for a 1992 SDI shuttle
visit the facility and Falcon AFB. Her tour
with the Strategic Defense Imi-
WAS decmed "significant" by Cooper and
mission, told Thatcher about that project.
tiative, known as Star Wars.
Scientist Lowell Wood came from
other officials.
"There is evil in human na-
But it was not surprising that she are
Lawrence Livermore Laboratory in Cali-
ture and we never know where
fornia to tell Thatcher about Brilliant Feb
ranged her schedule to include the NTF
the next threat will come
bles, a controversial concept hatched at
tengr because of her long-standing support
from," she said. "Even in the
the lab.
for the program.
last two days we've had vivid
SDIO recently began moving into the
Thatcher has been briefed several times
evidence of that. So we must at
huge NTF, and much of the building is va-
on SDI projects by former directors Lt.
ways keep our defenses sharp,
Gen. James Abrahamson and Lt. Gen.
cant. Officials took advantage of that by
and we must always keep our technology
using two large rooms on the third floor to
George Morishan. She also met to discuss
well shead."
set up the special displays for Thatcher.
the program with former President Ronald
Thatcher, a staunch SDI supporter since
Reagan.
the program was announced in 1983, made
"She's been an understander of the pro-
Staff writer Ertn Emery contributed to this
report.
A
19
SUPPLEMENT: TUESDAY, August 7, 1990
BUSH
CONTINUED
his timetable on the invasion of Saudi
At the heart of the problem is the
rabia? Would he arrange the seizure of
came through with a boycott. So did the
character of Saddam Hussein. He grew
undreds of hostages among the
United Nations, which voted sanctions.
ap mean, with a gun in his hand. He rules
Americans working in the oil fields of
But the biggest move of all-cutting off
through repression and torture. Last
Kuwait and Saudi Arabia?
the Kuwaiti and Iraq pipelines that run
spring, he had an inquiring reporter for
The fact that the two superpowers
through Saudi Arabia and Turkey-is in
the London Observer hanged.
are standing shoulder to shoulder, that
some question.
He used poison gas against the
Saudi Arabia is in imminent danger of
the Soviets have offered a warship for
Kurds, a minority of his own people. He
joint maneuvers in the Persian Gulf, is a
being invaded by Saddam, and Turkey
used poison gas against thousands of
ronderful post-Cold War show of
is supposedly our faithful NATO ally.
ranians in the eight-year war he
polidarity, but it is a sideshow.
But both countries are being hard to
started. He is capable of anything.
They are both well-represented in
get. The Saudis are cowering in their
Bush has already, correctly, ordered
the arsenals of Kuwait and Iraq. Kuwait
tents, apparently not wishing to be
ans for covert action to destabilize the
has billions of dollars of U.S. weapons,
saved if it means accepting American
regime in Baghdad. It's more notice to
which haven't done it much good.
help against Arab brothers.
Saddam that the Munich analogy,
Saddam is lavishly equipped with the
Defense Secretary Richard B.
mappropriately invoked during the
est that Soviet defense factories can
Cheney is on his way to Riyadh, hoping
Vietnam War, really applies here, and
turn out. He also has a pretty good
to talk real world to the House of Fahd.
that the West won't have it.
supply of American hardware. It was
Secretary of State James A. Baker III is
What about bombing Baghdad? It
captured on the battlefields of the
tackling Turkey. But even success
vould be a sharp expression of world
Iran-Iraq war.
could mean failure, in that shutting off
displeasure and cut into Saddam's
The best thing Bush has going for
the oil could raise prices further here
image of invincibility. But what about
him is the just about unanimous
and set off inflation.
the retaliation? Would Saddam move up
approval to do whatever is necessary.
WASHINGTON POST
August 7, 1990
Pg. 18
Resistance and Appeasement
P
RESIDENT BUSH is helping see to it that
edge publicly its obligation to stand with its
the United States provides leadership in
natural friends. Others are also coming along,
the pressing international project of con-
some moved by the evident advantages of making
taining and isolating Iraq and inducing this ag-
economic common cause, others stirred by the
gressor state to disgorge its conquest of Kuwait.
flagrancy of Iraq's aggression and fear of the
Just as an earlier president, Jimmy Carter, under-
consequences of letting it pass with no more than
stood that the United States and its allies could
a rhetorical blast.
not allow a hostile Soviet Union to get a grip on
There is but one area of major concern as
crucial world oil supplies in the Persian Gulf, so
international actors start positioning themselves
Mr. Bush realizes that a hostile Iraq poses a
for the formidable challenge that the arrogant
similar threat. This is the geopolitical source of
and unprincipled yet shrewd Saddam Hussein has
his policy, and the understanding of it promises to
posed them. Some of the Arab governments that
draw broad domestic and international support to
have the most to lose to Iraq are tending to
a range of diplomatic, economic and, if necessary,
appeasement. One especially painful form their
military initiatives intended to reduce the threat.
policy takes is to shy away from direct associa-
It was particularly encouraging, for instance,
tion with the steps that their friends, including
that a quick consensus formed at the United
the United States, are preparing to take in their
Nations, where the Soviet Union showed itself
behalf. One understands their fears-they live
commendably ready to rebuff its traditional client
next to the dragon, permanently, and they won-
state, Iraq. Whether great-power agreement can
der about the constancy and cleverness of their
force a rollback is so far unproven, but in the old
would-be rescuers. But for them to appear more
bipolar world of Soviet-American global rivalry
frightened to cooperate with their friends, who
such a mission could not even have been consid-
are trying to arrange suitable guarantees, than to
ered. Japan, heretofore largely an international
stand up to the dictator menacing them is gro-
free rider, has also seen fit this time to acknowl-
tesque.
A
18
SUPPLEMENT: TUESDAY, August 7, 1990
NEWSWEEK
August 13, 1990
Pg. 72
An End to the
senators sustain the B-2. Bismarck, or whoever said it, was
right: God really does look out for the welfare of drunks,
children and the United States.
(And of Israel. Perhaps Hussein has silenced Israel's
Great Escape
critics who, from the security of a safe distance, hector
Israel to "take a risk for peace"-as though existing in that
region were not risky enough. Critics constantly tell Israel
that "security does not depend on territory" or "strategic
depth" because massed tanks are no longer instruments of
Just when you
nations' policies. Critics castigate Israel for not being more
trusting of "moderate" Arab states like Jordan, which
thought it was
cannot bring itself to criticize Iraq.)
GEORGE
Many Americans think: The world is 75 percent safer
safe to pick
than it recently was, so why are we talking about cutting
F.
W
the morning
defense only 25 percent? They think: Until recently 50
L
percent of defense was directed to the defense of Europe,
paper off the
against a Warsaw Pact that no longer really exists, so let's
cut defense by, well, 50 percent sounds nice. The political
stoop
problem for leaders like Nunn is to explain the following.
The projection of power to, say, the Persian Gulf requires
much of the military infrastructure (men, material, train-
azing upon one of those martial piles of marble, a
ing, reinforcement, command, control) that has been re-
G
multiple statue of soldiers, a wit said, "Patriotism
quired for containing the Soviet Union. Furthermore, Nunn
is the last refuge of the sculptor." Until Ameri-
says that if in the recent past there had been crises engaging
cans plucked last Thursday's morning paper off
U.S. forces in Europe and the Middle East simultaneously,
their stoops, they were relishing the luxury of
the Pentagon computers would have "exploded" because
speaking about military matters in a similarly lightheart-
there was so much double-counting-so many military as-
ed, even retrospective manner. How good it had been to
sets assigned to two incompatible missions.
escape the nagging troubles and expensive trappings of a
Is Nunn like Northrop or Grumman, a national asset that
superpower.
faces a wrenching readjustment now that peace has broken
But not everyone had been an escapist.
out? Not really. It will take a large senator to temper the
One morning last month Sam Nunn, the Georgia Demo-
impulse to shrink defense too much. And, anyway, Nunn is
crat, was in the Senate dining room, enjoying, sort of, a
not a one-note singer.
spartan, almost Gramm-Rudmanized, breakfast prior to
Back to defense: Like Scoop Jackson, he has been conspicu-
delivering one of the "speechlets" by which he continues to
ous among Democrats for taking national security serious-
sketch his thinking about defense needs. That morning,
ly. But also like Jackson he has other interests. Like Jackson
about a week before Iraq attacked, Nunn was thinking
he is chairman of the Permanent Subcommittee on Investi-
about the future, if it has one, of the B-2 bomber.
gations of Governmental Affairs. It has a broad license and
Rep. Les Aspin, chairman of the House Armed Services
so is an efficient instrument for rooting around in the
Committee, will next month probably lead a House vote to
underbrush of subjects such as organized crime, corruption
all but kill the B-2 program. Nunn believes the argument
in government and the savings and loan debacle. These and
for the Stealth bomber is, in some ways, stronger now than
other issues touch what Nunn believes is today's most politi-
it was before the changes inside B-2's primary target-the
cally important mood-the sense that the nation has "lost
Soviet Union. Continuing the B-2 program can force the
its moral bearings."
pace of wholesome change in the Soviet Union. And the B-2
Nunn seems slightly less diffident about discussing presi-
can be particularly useful, even indispensable, in some
dential politics than he was four years ago. He says Bush is
crises that may be more likely because of the East-West
not providing adequate leadership on a range of issues. And
thaw and the resulting inward turning of the United
he says too many Democrats are content to be mere mechan-
States and the Soviet Union. Building a fleet of B-2s, which
ics of policy implementation rather than architects of poli-
are capable of penetrating Soviet air defenses, would radi-
cy. But try as he might to change the subject, from defense to
cally degrade a huge Soviet investment (2,200 interceptor
various domestic matters that interest him as much and
aircraft, 7,000 surface-to-air missile launchers, 9,000 de-
interest presidential voters more, the turbulent world keeps
fense radars). This would force a Kremlin choice. It could
tugging him back to defense.
further thicken air defenses (which already employ almost
One year ago this month the eyes of the world were on the
as many people as there are in the entire U.S. Air Force).
Austro-Hungarian border, through which East Germans
Or it could throw in another towel, concede permanent
flowed, creating the suction effect that pulled down the
vulnerability and redirect resources to productive civilian
Berlin Wall. One month ago Kohl and Gorbachev, repre-
uses. But suppose the Soviet Union, under the pressure of
senting the two nations that 49 summers ago were involved
the B-2, decided to do the right thing. There is an argument
in the greatest collision of military forces in history, met in
for building the B-2 fleet with the rest of the world (Iraq,
Russia, in sweaters, quite relaxed. They tidied up one of the
for starters) in mind.
last questions (Germany's status) remaining from the Euro-
Nunn sees a future in which the United States has fewer
pean crackup that began 76 Augusts ago.
bases abroad and its forces at sea are more vulnerable. The
Then last week, just when you thought it was safe to pick
B-2, with its long reach and large payload and invisibility,
the morning paper off the stoop, Saddam Hussein showed
would be particularly suited to any president's need to be
that the world can still impinge militarily on American
able to project force with low risk of casualties. By remind-
interests. That morning in America Americans were called
ing a relaxed America that the world remains a danger,
back to the uncongenial grindstone of their duties as citi-
Hussein's aggression helped Nunn and a narrow majority of
zens of a-no, the-superpower.
A
13
SUPPLEMENT: TUESDAY, August 7, 1990
SUPERPOWERS
CONTINUED
evardnadze made it clear to Bak-
that the Soviets "did not want to
see a quick resort to military force,"
WASHINGTON POST
August 7, 1990
Pg. 5
senior official said.
This official added that the talks
could help set a pattern for further
Atomic Bombing Commemorated
cooperation on regional conflicts in
Thousands of Americans marked the 45th anniver-
the years ahead. "Something broad-
sary of the dropping of an atomic bomb on Hiroshima,
er is going on in the changing pat-
Japan, with vigils, proclamations of peace and pro-
tern of U.S.-Soviet relations," the
tests outside the nation's nuclear weapons plants.
official said, as both nations position
Police arrested 25 people for trespassing and ob-
themselves to focus on the "threats
structing traffic at Rocky Flats, the Colorado plant
of the "90s," such as Saddam.
that produces plutonium triggers for nuclear weap-
According to U.S. officials, the
ons. About 100 activists also gathered at the plant's
U.S.-Soviet cooperation has been
west gate Sunday for a prayer vigil.
evident in more routine ways, as
A Los Angeles ceremony drew about 700 people,
well. When two rebel groups began
and Mayor Tom Bradley said city officials were
closing in on President Samuel Doe
searching for a permanent place for the "Hiroshima
of Liberia recently after a bloody
Eternal Flame for Peace," a gift from the mayor of
seven-month offensive, Moscow
Hiroshima. It is supposed to burn until nuclear
discovered that a group of Soviet
weapons are eliminated.
diplomats had been cut off in Mon-
About 140,000 people died in the Aug. 6, 1945,
rovia and could not be reached. The
blast, the world's first atomic bombing. Three days
Soviets turned to the United States
later, in the last nuclear attack, the United States
for help, and American officials
dropped an A-bomb on Nagasaki, killing 70,000. Ja-
helped reestablish contact with the
pan, which provoked U.S. entry into World War II by
attacking Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, surrendered Aug. 15.
stranded delegation.
But many government officials
and private analysts acknowledge
that there are limits to how far
tomorrow?" said Judith Kipper, a
with support from the Soviet Union
Washington and Moscow can go in
Middle East analyst at the Brook-
and the United States are winding
changing the behavior of others.
ings Institution. "The United States
down, with both superpowers try-
"The world's trouble spots don't
and the Soviet Union are in the
ing to disengage.
seem to be Soviet and American,"
same little boat in this tumultuous
For the United States, these con-
said Michael Mandelbaum of the
sea. Neither of us has very much
flicts were viewed as a way to re-
Council on Foreign Relations.
influence. The possibility of influ-
spond to Soviet expansion in the
At the Washington summit, for
encing the situation is extremely
Third World during the 1970s and
example, President Bush and Soviet
limited after the fact" of the inva-
1980s without directly committing
President Mikhail Gorbachev an-
sion.
U.S. forces-a policy called the
nounced a joint effort to rush food
A danger in the new post-Cold
Reagan Doctrine" by conservative
relief to starving Ethiopians
War climate is that the absence of
activists. But according to officials,
trapped in a civil war.
Washington and Moscow as active
both superpowers were reaching
Despite the military might of
players may contribute to a power
the exhaustion point when Bush
both nations, however, the planned
vacuum like the one that Saddam
took office.
air and sea lifts of food have been
suddenly has tried to fill in the Per-
For the Soviets, it was economic
frustrated by refusal of rebels fight-
sian Gulf, Kipper said.
exhaustion, while for the Americans
ing the government to allow planes
it was primarily political, as con-
and ships to arrive.
"The smaller powers, the region-
stant White House-Congress battles
The United States and Soviet
al powers like Iraq no longer have
over places like Nicaragua took
Union have vital interests in the
to look over their shoulder" at the
their toll.
But while the Nicaraguan war
Persian Gulf. But in the first days
United States and Soviet Union, she
after the invasion, neither seemed
added. "They can no longer turn to
ended with an election in which the
in position to change the behavior of
Washington or Moscow with the
Soviet-backed Sandinista regime
Saddam.
blackmail politics that 'you have to
was dumped by the voters, officials
help us.' They can act with impu-
said it is likely that the conflicts in
Short of an attack on Saudi Ara-
bia by Iraq, the two superpowers
nity to arrange their own little
Afghanistan, Cambodia and Angola
and their allies are instead trying to
problems-regional powers that
will end less neatly. "All the rest are
squeeze the Iraqi president by shut-
are non-democratic, that are des-
going to be us pushing back and
perate, that have their own view of
saying, 'You guys figure it out,' a
ting down his oil flow-an economic
how things should work in their
senior policy-maker said. "In nei-
response that may take some time
area."
ther Afghanistan, Cambodia or An-
to have an impact.
Nonetheless, the regional con-
gola are we going to be able to en-
"Making a statement in Moscow
flicts that flared in the last decade
gineer an outcome. It is much less
is good to start, but what do you do
clear."
12
SUPPLEMENT: MONDAY, August 6, 1990
WASHINGTON POST
August 5, 1990
Pg. D-1
ambitions, can play a unique role in throw-
Defense Dilemma
ing its latent power in the direction of pre-
serving order and diversity among diffuse
and varied groupings."
Such a revised concept means, simply,
this: We may need to put a fence around
Do We Have the Wrong Forces for Today's World?
Saddam Hussein, but this will not require
the bulky Cold War military we have today.
he Cold War made two significant
"The budget negotiations are going to
By Patrick E. Tyler
come up with a number for defense that is
T
contributions to U.S. defense plan-
ning. One is the military's current
not in any way related to the threat but is
system of "threat analysis," and the other is
OST PEOPLE, relieved that the
related to the politics of the budget reso-
the military system of using "war scenarios"
M
Cold War is over, may now worry
lution," laments Rep. Les Aspin (D-Wis.),
as a planning tool to determine the size of
that a military conflagration
the committee's chairman.
the military, its weaponry and spending lev-
awaits the world in the Kuwaiti desert. It
Budget dollars are becoming too scarce
els.
is all too easy to envision battling Saddam
to spend for threats that are no longer real
Both of these contributions have con-
Hussein's million-man army-perhaps
in a world in which Germany and Europe
spired to drive up defense spending over
with the Soviet Union fighting on the
are united, the Soviet Union is self-ab-
the decades; to support large peacetime
American side.
sorbed with restructuring, Asia continues to
armies, navies and air forces based on the
The admirals and generals of the Pen-
boom economically and the Third World
most advanced technologies and ready for
tagon are delighted that Americans are
continues to founder. What comes after
action on short notice. This enormous in-
getting such a timely exhibition of how
"containment," the doctrine that organized
vestment, nearly $10 trillion over four dec-
dangerous the world remains, even after
our Western security strategy to protect
ades, has sat frozen in immense, costly and
the collapse of the Berlin Wall. It helps
the world from an expansionist and hostile
static confrontation against the forces of the
them make the case for spending more
Soviet Bloc? What does it mean to go from a
now defunct Soviet-led Warsaw Pact.
than $300 billion a year on Stealth bomb-
bipolar world of East-West rivalry to a
The "threat analysis" used by the Penta-
ers, fighters, tanks and aircraft carri-
multi-polar world of-what?
gon to establish requirements for new
ers-in short, perpetuating the massive
weapons system, for example, assumes
U.S. defense establishment built with $10
T
he Pentagon's answer to these ques-
that: if the Soviets could deploy a better
tions is that the world will be a very
trillion since the Cold War began.
bomber, missile or submarine, it is there-
dangerous place, full of threats to
But this is a new era. The United
fore valid to assume they will deploy it.
justify a military establishment that looks
This equation has driven the military to set
States, after 40 years of containing an
the same as the one we have today, only
aggressive and expansionist Soviet Union
"requirements" to build new weapons to
marginally smaller, say 20-25 percent.
meet future threats so defined.
with what is now a 2.1-million-member
Gen. Colin L. Powell, chairman of the
This is the system that produced the Air
military spread over 1,400 bases world-
Joint Chiefs of Staff, argues that when the
Force's plan to spend $75 billion for a fleet
wide, is looking for a new role in the
dust of the Cold War settles, the United
of Stealth bombers based on CIA and DIA
world. In what has suddenly become an
States must still be able to hang out a shin-
projections that by the end of the century,
age of declining militarism between East
gle that says, "A superpower lives here."
Soviet air defenses, improving at a Cold
and West, some will inevitably try to
But many once-staunch cold warriors see
War pace, will be able to shoot down the 97
transfer the military-industrial combine to
a considerably different role for even a su-
B1 bombers authorized by President Car-
a confrontation between North and South.
perpower. Earlier this year, for example,
ter, as well as all of the B-52s converted to
It is time for Americans to question, re-
Paul H. Nitze, career defense strategist and
the "low-level penetration" mission.
lentlessly, such strategies.
diplomat, told the Council on Foreign Re-
Defense Secretary Richard B. Cheney
With Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, the first
lations that it is obvious that 40 years of
recently decided to go ahead with a new
post-Cold War military crisis, a new battle
strategic thinking "are no longer pertinent
generation of Stealth fighters, again at tre-
has begun.
to the problems of the future." A new stra-
mendous cost, because the CIA and DIA
In part, it is a battle to cut the defense
tegic concept may take several years to
estimates predict that the Soviet Union
budget. That is being done in the political
emerge, said Nitze, noting that after World
could produce its own version of Stealth in
chaos that has seized the congressional
War II it took a few years for the realities of
the next century.
budget process as it stares down the bar-
an aggressive Soviet Union and exhausted
The same threat analysis is driving the
rel of the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings how-
Great Britain to crystallize U.S. postwar
Navy's bid to build a $30 billion fleet of nu-
itzer of deficit reduction. But whatever
imperatives. But he took a stab at what a
clear attack submarines that will be far qui-
cut for the coming budget year finally
new concept might look like.
eter than the current Los Angeles class at-
emerges will reflect the parochial struggle
"I think the central theme the U.S. should
tack boats.
by Democrats and Republicans to protect
support in the long-range future is the ac-
In a recent interview, Vice Adm. Daniel
jobs and favored hometown weapons indus-
commodation of diversity-a world climate
Cooper acknowledged that well into the
tries. Even the major weapons cuts voted
in which a large array of political groupings
next century, the Soviets will not have de-
last week by the House Armed Services
can emerge each in its own individual, and
ployed an attack submarine superior to the
Committee-including cancellation of the
perhaps eccentric way."
Los Angeles class. "Possibly equal," he said,
B-2 Stealth bomber and the rejection of two
"In such a world," Nitze continued, "the
arguing nonetheless that the United States
new strategic missiles-are not the product
United States, with first-class military po-
must maintain a distinct technological ad-
of a coherent new definition of the nation's
tential, political, economic and cultural
vantage against this postulated threat.
security needs.
strengths, and no territorial or ideological
CONTINUED NEXT PAGE
A
26
SUPPLEMENT: MONDAY, August 6, 1990
DILEMMA
CONTINUED
suffering a massive breakdown? No way."
Meanwhile the military is planning war
Army Secretary Michael P.W. Stone has
scenarios to deal with ballistic missile at-
postulated a new and improved Soviet tank
T
he other Cold War institution ripe for
questioning is "contingency plan-
tacks by Iraq or perhaps an Iraqi invasion of
by the end of the century. There is no ev-
idence that the Soviets can afford to build a
ning," the process of erecting war
the entire Saudi Arabian peninsula.
new generation tank, but the Army believes
scenarios to determine the sizes of the
Are these new contingencies realistic? Do
such a tank might be on the drawing board.
armed forces.
they compete with the traditional Soviet
War scenarios were formalized during
threat? Many experts say no. Even in Iraq's
So the Army is working with defense con-
the Kennedy Administration under Robert
massive move into Kuwait this week, the
tractors and foreign governments to drum
United States could find no direct threat to
up foreign business for the M1 Tank facto-
S. McNamara, who postulated that America
ries in Michigan and Ohio so those plants
should have a military capable of fighting
U.S. interests that warranted any military
intervention.
will be available later in the decade to build
2½ wars at once: one in Europe, one in Ko-
If Israel attacked Iraq's chemical weap-
a new American Super Tank.
rea or Vietnam and a half-war against Fidel
The Navy is fighting to keep all 14 of its
ons factories and missile industry and Iraq
Castro or some other Soviet puppet. At the
aircraft carriers based on a maritime strat-
responded by firing ballistic missiles into
height of the Cold War, it was easy to erect
Israel, would the United States respond?
egy that calls for U.S. naval air power to
such scenarios.
attack the Soviet Union in the forward ar-
Now in the aftermath of the Berlin Wall
Yes, but probably in a limited way. Would
eas such as Vladivostok in the event of glob-
American ground forces be committed to
Revolution, Powell has been busy in making
al war. With such justification on the wane,
the region? Probably not.
the case for a U.S. military that retains ro-
the Navy has fallen back to a position that
On Oct. 24, 1973, after Egyptian forces
bust capabilities to project substantial pow-
crossed the Suez Canal to attack Israeli
14 carriers are essential for the "presence"
er around the globe, operates at a high tem-
mission, which simply argues that if enough
troops dug in there since 1967, the United
po of training and exercise, and pursues
U.S. carrier battle groups are deployed
States put the 82nd Airborne infantry di-
exotic new weapons technologies as part of
around the world, there will be no trouble.
vision on alert, increased the readiness of
the Strategic Defense Initiative.
U.S. nuclear forces and deployed three air-
utside defense experts, while recog-
He has reminded audiences how danger-
O
craft carrier battle groups to the Mediter-
nizing that America may face a host
ous the world can be even without the So-
ranean to support the resupply of Israel and
of new challenges, say the defense
viets and the demands it can place on U.S.
counter a Soviet naval buildup.
establishment's threat assumptions must
forces: the Persian Gulf deployment of
If a general war broke out in the Middle
change.
1987, the Panama invasion of 1989 and the
East among Iraq, Syria, Jordan and Israel,
"Military power is only one index and I
Liberian "presence" of 1990.
the United States, as it did in 1967 and
think one of lesser and lesser importance in
But in the cases Powell cites, as Kauf-
1973, would mobilize militarily and diplo-
the future as an index of our overall power,"
mann points out, the United States com-
matically to terminate the conflict quickly,
said William W. Kaufmann, professor emer-
mitted no more than one division of ground
most experts agree, and would not commit
itus at Massachusetts Institute of Technol-
forces.
U.S. ground forces.
ogy. Kaufmann, who has advised a succes-
The U.S. military, cut roughly in half,
If that is the case, the planning for war
sion, of U.S. defense secretaries on strat-
Kaufmann says, would be able to field four
contingencies in the future ought to deal
egy, has become a pariah in the Cheney
to five divisions anywhere in the Third
with the realities of the new era and the
Pentagon for advocating a halving of de-
World while keeping in reserve one active.
removal of the East-West rivalry from re-
fense spending by the end of the decade.
and seven reserve divisions for some un-
gional conflicts. Certainly the United States
The arms race of the Cold War may have
foreseen crisis in Europe. To Kaufmann this
will want to retain a military force sufficient
made a worst-case threat analysis valid,
is a conservative approach, but it is heresy
to assure its own superpower status in a
Kaufmann argues, but the crushing weight
in the Pentagon.
post-Cold War world. But retaining that
of Soviet economic and ethnic problems
President Bush has defined the immedi-
status may actually depend on our willing-
should force the United States to question
ate enemy as "instability" and it is true that
ness to adapt our military thinking to a new
whether the Soviets will apply their scarce
in the future the threats to U.S. security
definition of national security-one that
resources to new technology weapons, or
will be more difficult to discern. But where
emphasizes moral leadership, economic
whether they are looking for an opportunity
they pop up, they will be unhinged from the
strength, environmental and educational
to opt out of the race. Far more likely, in
East-West rivalry of the past and often of
health-secured by ample volunteer mil-
Kaufmann's view, is that they will seek to
less direct concern.
itary forces to respond to crises that war-
preserve their superpower status by main-
"If we no longer look at some of these
rant our intervention.
taining strategic nuclear weapons and ad-
regional disputes in the East-West context,
If war comes, many experts agree, the
equate conventional forces to provide sta-
the first question then is: do we care?" said
United States has the "latent potential" that
bility at home and security on their borders.
Aspin. "I would guess a lot of places would
Nitze cited to mobilize its industry and pop-
Rep. Aspin agrees. "The cost to the So-
just drop off the list because they really
ulation to respond.
viet Union in moving to higher technology
were just trumped up East-West conflicts."
"We never did seriously plan for the Viet-
in the military area is staggering," said
To this, Kaufmann, who speaks of "direct
nam War," said Kaufmann, "but we had the
Aspin. "Do we think they are going to be
U.S.-Soviet cooperation in some of these
forces to put in there and whatever it
putting their best engineers into making
regional disputes, adds: "We've got to spec-
was-Korea or Vietnam-the demand
quieter submarines when they have a total
ify what we expect forces to do and stop
ended up at about eight divisions."
collapse in the energy program and their
talking about presence, and being a super-
transportation and distribution system is
power and hanging out a shingle."
Patrick Tyler covers defense for The
Washington Post.
A
27
TUESDAY, August 7, 1990
LOS ANGELES TIMES
August 7, 1990
Pg.
6
yadh. where American officials
said he would press the Saudis to
Naval Blockade Option Is Readied
take action against Iraq and to
allow U.S. forces access to Saudi
bases to lead the effort.
ping cargoes from a nation whose
Manfred Woerner and with British
The officials said Cheney was
Sanctions: The move
exports leave through three ports
Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher,
expected to press the Saudi leader
in three different nations is tricki-
for a rapid decision, because it
would involve halting
whose naval forces have cooperat-
er, they said. than escorting ships
could take days or weeks for U.S.
ed with the U.S. Navy before in the
forces to arrive in numbers 2nd
cargoes at the ports of
through a single channel in war-
gulf.
time.
Unless allied havies would join in
with equipment sufficient to fight.
three nations. Planners say
"If Saudi Arabia waits until the
D
enying freedom on the high
the effort. a blockade would likely
be too costly and difficult to con-
11th hour, it may be too late," said
it's a most difficult
seas is & business we
haven't been in for a long time."
duct effectively.
one Administration official.
exercise.
Pentagon officials said Monday
"Among the things Cheney is EX-
one knowledgeable naval officer
said. "I don't think there's anyone
that a blockade is just one of many
plaining is what that means. Fahd
By MELISSA HEALY
around here that knows exactly
military options the United States
and Saudi Arabian civilians have to
TIMES STAFF WRITER
is considering to bring Iraqi Presi-
know how much the United States
how to plan IL"
dent Saddam Hussein to his knees.
will do, what'it will take from them
W
ASHINGTON-The Penta-
As they consider a blockade-in
Meanwhile, American warplanes
and what [timetables are required
gon's war planners Monday
international law an act of war-
offered the White House the option
naval officers pointed out it would
available from bases throughout
for making the decision).
of an unprecedented allied naval
require a large numbers of war-
Western Europe and the south-
"Implicitly, when you explain
blockade of Iraq's oil trade if Dec-
eastern United States are "spring-
the time lines, you tell them. If you
ships in the Red Sea, the Mediter-
essary to enforce sanctions voted
ranean and the gulf.
loaded" for deployment to Saudi
call too late, you can't expect us to
Pentagon officials have told the
Arabia.
get there,' the official added.
by the United Nations.
President that the operation would
By attempting to deny the pas-
But even as the United States
be too large for the U.S. Navy to
W
bether they go will depend
sage of Iraqi oil from those three
and allied navies drafted plans for
on the outcome of meetings
ports, naval forces could face some
such an operation, they said their
enforce alone. That fact. sources
that took place Monday between
of the same problems that bedevil-
recent experience in the Persian
said, underlined the importance of
U.S. Defense Secretary Dick Che-
Gulf has not prepared them well
President Bush's meeting Monday
ney and Saudi Arabia's King Fahd
led navies during in the much-sim-
for this more difficult task. Stop-
Cheney left Sunday night for Ri-
pler Persian Guif escort operation.
with NATO Secretary General
Iraq could seed the gulf with
WASHINGTON TIMES
August 7, 1990
Pg. G-2
mines. U.S. carriers cannot operate
within the constrained waters of
Build two flight wings of B-2s
viet target, the stealth restores an equilibrium to the
the gulf, and thus aircraft intended
U.S.-Soviet strategic equation. That balance has eroded
to protect navy ships against at-
f George Bush were to deploy the whole U.S. Army
in the face of a Soviet nuclear buildup that has contin-
tacking Iraqi warplanes are oper-
I
against the forces of Saddam Hussein, the Iraqi
ued even in the Gorbachev years. Although Soviet For-
ating at the outer limits of their
despot would outman the president by a few hun-
èign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze promised last
range.
dred thousand troops. But if Mr. Bush one night
week (just as the B-2 went to a vote in the Senate) that
A
nd Iran and Iraq's Chinese-
were to dispatch a flight wing of stealth bombers to
the Soviets would, in two years, stop deploying mobile
made Silkworm missiles. pos-
Baghdad, the Iraqis would never know what hit them.
missiles (which the United States has never built), his
sibly tipped with chemical weap-
In minutes their ability to sustain a war would be
promise should be viewed in light of earlier Soviet
reduced to cinders.
promises that haven't panned out. These include com-
OPTION
Pg.
18
In the world emerging from the Europe-centered
mitments to withdraw all intermediate-range missiles
WASHINGTON TIMES
standoff of the Cold War, the B-2 bomber, killed by the
from Europe and tear down the treaty-busting Kras-
House Armed Services Committee but approved by
noyarsk radar.
August 7, 1990 Pg. 6
the Senate, may be more strategically valuable than a
Whether the Soviets eventually cheat on the im-
Voice of experience
standing army. The B-2 is a symbol of what U.S. secu-
pending START Treaty or adhere to it, the B-2 is a
rity policy should be. While deterring the Soviet nu-
plane that will serve to deter a nuclear exchange. In-
Jimmy Carter, who sent a secret
clear threat, it provides needed flexibility in re-
deed, the craft was designed with START in mind.
military hostage-rescue force to
sponding to regional conflicts.
Under rules adopted by both sides in the START talks,
Iran that failed when several of the
As an airborne tool for projecting power across the
the B-2 bomber would give the United States the capa-
rescue aircraft crashed and
globe, the B-2 has a range and stealthiness that could
bility of delivering 1,100 more warheads than before
burned, said yesterday it would be
put U.S. troops on the front lines without subjecting
to Soviet targets, a capability that ought to have signifi-
a mistake to send U.S. troops to re-
them to the risk our ships now face as they ride like
cant deterrent potential.
taliate against the Iraqis unless
ducks in the Persian Gulf. With a single in-flight refu-
Finally, despite its lethal potential, the stealth
they go on into Saudi Arabia.
bomber is an instrument of war that values human life.
Mr. Carter told reporters in
eling, the B-2 can strike any target on the planet with
By evading detection, it not only preserves its crew but
Plains, Ga., that he believes Pres-
conventional or nuclear warheads. Preliminary wind-
ident Bush and other U.S. leaders
tunnel tests and computer modeling have demon-
also offers the chance to discriminate in choosing a
have taken the right economic and
strated that it is virtually undetectable, while similar
to the point of choosing no target at all.
stealth technology has already been proven on the
House Armed Services Chairman Les Aspin, who
political steps to address last
F-117A, a shorter-range attack fighter secretly de-
led his committee in killing the B-2, has made no strate-
week's invasion. "I don't have any
criticism to make of what President
ployed in 1983. By December, the B-2's stealth capabil-
gic argument against the plane and concedes its stealth
Bush and our leaders have done,"
ities should be fully demonstrated in flight.
capabilities. What he and other congressional critics
he said. "I think they have taken
The awesome advantage this new technology gives
argue is that 75 planes (two operational flight wings,
our airmen in battle is often not understood. Detecta-
plus 15 spares) are not worth $800 million apiece.
very strong economic and political
action - the condemnations of Iraq
bility itself is only the first step toward actually
Perversely, they advocate buying only 15 planes (the
in the United Nations. The mar-
knocking the stealth out of the sky. To shoot down a
spares) for $2.4 billion apiece, which is like dropping
shaling of economic punishments
B-2, an enemy must develop the technology not only to
$36 billion through the bomb-bay doors. The history of
for deprivation of Iraq in Japan
detect the plane but also to track, vector and target it.
U.S. bomber programs shows that at any one time you
and Europe have been a pleasant
According to Pentagon sources, the Soviets have at
need eight planes to train pilots, while seven are being
surprise for me."
least a decade of technological homework to do before
refitted at the factory: That is, 15 = 0. The Pentagon
"It would be a mistake at this
they can simply detect the B-2, and present technol-
for strategic and financial reasons wants two flight
point, obviously, to deploy any
ogies that theoretically may detect the craft cannot
wings, and its argument makes sense. The cost differ-
American troops halfway around
track it. Having already invested $400 billion in an air
ential between one wing and two is negligible.
the world in an area that's almost
defense system to counter non-stealth aircraft, it is
When Congress makes the final cuts in the defense
totally inaccessible to us," he said.
questionable Mikhail Gorbachev would be willing to
budget, it should slice programs that were needed to
But, Mr. Carter said, if Iraq crosses
compromise his reforms by investing similar billions
fight the war in Europe that never happened. And it
the border of Saudi Arabia, it is
to defeat stealth.
should retain plans for two full flight wings of B-2
"inevitable that our nation would
Thus, with an unimpeded path to virtually any So-
bombers, for the conflicts we may yet face.
respond militarily."
5
TUESDAY, August 7, 1990
NEWSWEEK
August 13, 1990
Pg.
26
keeping its client states in line
has dwindled to the vanishing
And Now: The War of the Future
of planning for the Big One in Central Eu-
point, and he may now sense that
rope, is largely unprepared for conflict in
he has a free hand to pursue his
other parts of the world.
W
ith the news that Iraqi
by Saddam Hussein. News accounts of fran-
longstanding grudge with OPEC
It may well be that the relaxation of
troops had advanced to
tic preparations by U.S. commanders were
and the oil-rich sheikdoms of the
superpower tensions has made such re-
within a mile of Saudi Ara-
utterly beside the point, for knowledgeable
Persian Gulf. An aggressive gam-
gional conflicts more likely. Like other
bia, the scenario that weighed
military analysts agreed that no combina-
bler made confident by victory in
Third World strongmen, Saddam Hussein
heavily on the minds of Western
tion of rapidly deployable U.S. land or naval
the war against Iran, Saddam
can see that the Soviet Union's zeal for
military planners last weekend
forces could defend the desert kingdom
now has other uses for one of the
was nothing short of a nightmare:
from Iraq's huge Army. The Saudi scenario,
best-trained and best-equipped armies in
how to defend Saudi Arabia, with
in short, raised not only the possibility of
the region. For worried U.S. strategists, the
its 19 percent share of the world's
war in a very far place, it was depressing
underlying message is that this may be the
proven oil reserves, from invasion
proof that the United States, after 40 years
model for wars to come.
Leave aside for the moment unresolved
BALTIMORE SUN
August
6,
1990
Pg.
3
A Pentagon official said the strike
questions of U.S. strategic interests in the
under discussion would include
post-cold-war era-the debate over where
Most back armed reply
British Tornado attack jets, Amer-
and why, in a less structured and perenni-
ican F-111s and carrier-based U.S.
ally conflictual world, America and its al-
aircraft hitting targets in Iraq. To be
lies must be prepared to fight. The mili-
if Iraq goes any further
most effective, landing arrange-
tary's job is to prepare for the full range of
ments must be made in the region,
eventualities-a Kuwait, a Panama, or
possibly at British bases in Cyprus
even a Vietnam. But even on that simpler
Gallup Organization
suggestion about what the United
and a French outpost in Djibouti, to
level, the debate has a staggering complex-
States should do, a majority of Amer-
reduce the time needed for planes to
PRINCETON, N.J. - In the two
return for reloading and fuel before
ity. The end of the cold war left Congress
icans either said they didn't know
days immediately after the invasion
making another sortie.
determined to chop billions from the de-
(35 percent) or that nothing should
Mrs. Thatcher, en route home
fense budget, as recent debates on Capitol
of Kuwait by Iraqi troops, a majority
be done now and/or that the United
of Americans said they favored direct
after a visit to Aspen, Colo., stopped
Hill demonstrate all too well. The Penta-
States should wait and see (27 per
U.S. military intervention If Iraq in-
in Washington for less than four
gon, meanwhile, is groping for a workable
cent). Only 8 percent spontaneously
hours. NATO Secretary-General
plan to downsize its budget without gutting
vaded Saudi Arabia or If Americans
recommended active U.S. military im
Woerner broke off a Canadian vaca-
its real-world capabilities. "It is a very diffi-
were held prisoners or hostage. Sig-
tervention, while another 3 percent
tion to come to the White House.
cult proposition to look 20 years ahead and
nificantly less than a majority of
said the United States should send
Americans, however, favored imme-
"My impression is that this is the
say, 'I know with absolute certainty what
troops to the area as a show of force.
moment for the West to show cohe-
the world's going to look like', Secretary of
diate intervention.
When direct military intervention
sion, determination, and to make it
Defense Dick Cheney told NEWSWEEK re-
At the same time, Americans
was posed as an option, the re-
strongly favored economic sanctions
clear what cannot be accepted in this
cently. "I can't find anybody who knew 18
sponses were conditional.
against Iraq, including an embargo
When asked whether the United
world, and to safeguard its own secu-
months ago what was going to happen over
rity interests," Mr. Woerner said.
on oil imports. About four out of 10
States should respond militarily to
the past 18 months."
Americans favored direct U.S. mill-
Virtually all of Mr. Bush's activity
any Traqi invasion of Saudi Arabia,
The Iraqi invasion shows that Cheney,
tary Involvement If a gasoline crisis
yesterday involved NATO members.
60 percent favored such action, 26
along with George Bush and all other world
were created.
He spoke three times with Turkish
opposed It, and 14 had no opinion or
leaders, won't get even one month to plan
These results are based on a Gal-
President Turgut Ozal and tele-
refused to answer.
the defense of the status quo. And the un-
phoned West German Chancellor
lup Poll of 810 Americans conducted
If the Iraqis were to take U.S. citi-
doubted effectiveness of the Iraqi Army
Helmut Kohl, French President
on Aug. 3 and 4. Only about six out
zens as hostages or prisoners, 77
Francois Mitterrand and Italian
underscores another deeply disturbing
of 10 Americans said they had been
percent favored direct U.S. military
Prime Minister Giulio Andreotti.
fact. Year by year and nation by nation,
following the situation in Kuwait
action, 16 percent opposed It, and 7
Last night Mr. Bush dined with
Third World governments like Saddam
closely.
percent had no opinion or refused to
Asked to make a spontaneous
Canadian Prime Minister Mulroney.
Hussein's have begun to achieve levels of
answer.
Among developments that led al-
military power that can realistically con-
NATO
from Pg.
1
VII of the U.N. Charter, which calls
lies to postpone direct military ac-
front any conventional force the West can
for collective action to maintain in-
tion:
muster. This creeping escalation of mili-
Thatcher, Canadian Prime Minister
ternational peace and security, "has
Iraq's decision to cut off one
tary capability is due in part to wide-open
Brian Mulroney and NATO Secre-
an awful lot of muscle."
pipeline through Turkey and sharply
arms sales by the United States, the Soviet
Union and other developed countries. It is
tary-General Manfred Woerner.
"One of the consultations that's
reduce the flow in the second. That
Mrs. Thatcher and Mr. Bush
going on right now in the Oval Office
move came only hours after warning
also due to the advent of high-tech weapons
is just exactly how we go about en-
Turkish President Ozal not to com-
like the Exocet missile, which offer highly
ended their meeting - the third in
four days by praising the unanim-
couraging others to [implement
ply with Mr. Bush's request to stop
effective and relatively cheap (about
sanctions] and what we ourselves
the flow of oil.
$250,000, in the case of the Exocet) offen-
ity of a United Nations Security
Council vote for sanctions against
should be doing," Mr. Bush said at a
The absence of any Iraqi move
sive power to any nation that chooses to buy
rain-drenched news conference in
Iraq.
into Saudi Arabia despite reports an
them. That Exocets in the hands of Iraqi
the Rose Garden.
Both Mrs. Thatcher and Mr. Mul-
invasion of the second country was
pilots pose a distinct threat to U.S. forces is
Mr. Bush cited the heavy rain in
imminent.
roney spoke of the possibility of a
beyond dispute, as the crew of the USS
naval blockade if U.N. sanctions are
cutting short the news conference,
Concern for the safety of 28
Stark can attest to. Finally, it is an effect of
but not before he was asked if Iraq's
Americans taken from their hotels
not effective. Mrs. Thatcher ordered
two of the soldier's oldest enemies: time
president had given assurances he
in Kuwait and 11 others taken to
two additional frigates to join the
and distance. The United States is too far
wouldn't invade Saudi Arabia.
Baghdad over the weekend.
British warship already in the Per-
"I've had no such assurances di-
Defense Secretary Richard Che-
away to respond quickly to the regional
sian Gulf. France earlier dispatched
rectly to me," he said.
ney arrived yesterday morning in
conflicts of the post-cold-war era.
a frigate to join two French warships
Iraq itself may have delayed
Jedda, Saudi Arabia, and Secretary
One consequence of the shifting rules of
there.
NATO action by backing off from
of State James A. Baker III will go to
world order is that the United States must
Senior White House officials fo-
warning Turkey, a NATO member,
Turkey later in the week.
begin to compare itself militarily with
cused on the worldwide economic
against reducing oil flow in two pipe-
A U.S. official said Mr. Baker is
Third World powers like Iraq. That compar-
impact of the Iraqi aggression and
lines through that country. Instead
considering other stops after visit-
ison is sobering. Saddam Hussein has an
the fate of 28 Americans taken from
Iraq shut down one of its own pipe-
ing Turkey, including Saudi Arabia,
Army of between 650,000 and 1 million-
their hotels yesterday in Kuwait.
lines and sharply reduced the flow
but has ruled out a trip to Egypt,
the U.S. Army numbers only 700,000-led
"We just know that they've been
in the other.
although that nation has generally
by the battle-hardened victors of the long
taken away. We don't know where or
On Sunday, U.S. officials antici-
taken a hard stance against Iraq's
war against Iran. He has more than 500
under what conditions or for what
pated that Iraq would provoke NATO
invasion of Kuwait.
combat aircraft, about 5,500 Soviet- and
purpose," said Mr. Fitzwater.
reaction by threats to Turkey. Yester-
Rowan Scarborough, Andrew
Chinese-built main battle tanks, more than
Mr. Bush emphasized that the 13-0
day, the plan was being called a con-
Borowiec and Warren Strobel con-
Security Council vote under Chapter
tingency.
tributed to this report.
FUTURE
Pg.
7
6
7020
6-15-90
1:51PM
CCITT G3->
OPD:# 2
Washington Identity Crisis:
How to Be Important Again
Politics: Increasingly, our
the Reagan era has also failed-just look at
the enormous losses of the savings-and-
capital is bypassed by global
loan scandals.
The collapse of the old models of gov-
dynamics and by states enjoying
ernment means that elected officials now
decentralized government.
govern without ideological compasses; the
LAT 6-15-90 67
Democratic Party's failure to cut regres-
sive payroll taxes is the clearest example.
By ELAINE CIULLA KAMARCK
Some Democrats sound like Republicans
Washington, D.C., once the center of
and some Republicans sound like Demo-
everything important that happened in the
crats. Confusion reigns, fear of doing the
world. no longer is. This is the cause of a
wrong thing abounds, stasis is the order of
permanent state of depression that can't be
the day; not surprisingly, voters drop out.
lifted by a summit with Gorbachev, or by
Politicians know that this cannot go on,
the wedding of a Cuomo and a Kennedy.
and they are searching for new models, as
The feeling that official Washington is
is evident in two little-noticed political
"losing it" is reflected by journalists. Time
speeches.
magazine ran a cover story last October
President Bush went before conserva-
titled "The Can't Do Government." Colum-
tive leaders meeting in the White House in
nist Hodding Carter III says of Washington
April to talk about a new paradigm for
that "intellectual and political arterioscle-
government-a government that, "like the
rosis seems to have set in
Conserva-
spirit of '76, gives power back to localities
tive author Kevin Phillips wrote an article
and states, and most important, to the
called "America's Brain Dead Politics."
people." Empowerment of poor people
Warren Brookes of the Washington Times
through government is a new theme for a
says that the press corps is "mired in
Republican.
malaise over what it believes to be Wash-
The other speech was by Sen. Charles
ington's increasing irrelevance in a world
Robb (D-Va.), who urged the Democratic
racing to democracy and free markets."
Party to rethink its historic support for
While the most obvious reason for
"the vigorous and expansive use of federal
Washington's slippage from center stage is
power. Our fundamental and enduring
the unprecedented rate of change in the
goal" said Robb, "should be to expand
world, that does not explain its irrelevance
opportunity, not government."
in domestic politics. The Reagan years saw
Each party is trying to see what the new
innovation slip back to the statehouses,
paradigm in domestic politics looks like.
leaving a national politics that is best
Bush urged basing it on what works; Robb
characterized by uncertainty, stasis and
urged Democrats to return to innovation
boredom-all of which leads to an apathy
by challenging some of the old assump-
among average Americans that parallels
tions. Both criticized centralized govern-
the depression among those who inhabit
ment-exactly the kind of government
official Washington.
that used to make Washington important.
What's happening here? Are our politi-
One thing is clear, Washington is not
cians worse than they used to be? Is the
going to be as important as It once was. As
public dumber? Of course not. We are,
economist Richard McKenzie argues, the
however, in the midst of a period in which
globalization of almost every aspect of the
all the old paradigms that used to govern
economy, including the "growing mobility
our political world have collapsed and we
of people, capital and goods and services"
are left with no clear, opposing visions
decreases the ability of any one national
with which to organize political reality.
government to control the economy. And
For 40 years, our foreign policy was
the failures of centralization will continue
governed by the existence of the Cold War
to empower states and localities at the
and defined by the vigor with which each
expense of Washington.
party pursued that war. The collapse of
Thus Washington will continue to be a
communism leaves everyone looking for a
pretty dismal place until a leader comes
new way to understand the world and our
along who can articulate the new paradigm
place in it. For nearly half a century, our
in a way that is compelling to average
domestic politics was governed by the New
voters (and in a way that doesn't use
Deal approach to government and by
words like paradigm). When this happens,
opposition to the New Deal approach.
our politics will seem relevant again and
These days, all the old assumptions are
Washington will come-kicking, scream-
obsolete. The centralized welfare-state
ing and chastened-into the new world.
bureaucracies of the New Deal and the
Great Society have failed at dealing with
Elaine Ciulla Kamarck is a senior fellow at
poverty and a host of other human needs,
the Progressive Policy Institute in Washing-
and the free-market, deregulation mania of
ton.
Washington at Work
NYT
10/3/89
256-5938.
An Image Polisher Leaves Nevada Neon to Sharpen a 'Beige' White House
of some of Mr. Bush's negative com-
special the White House is, Mr. Ro-
By MAUREEN DOWD
mercials, Mr. Rogich insists he pre-
ferred the softer advertisements, like
While ratings are
gich can get overwhelmed when he
sees the President in a historically
Special to The New York Times
the one of Mr. Bush's granddaughter
steeped setting such as Monticello.
WASHINGTON, Oct. 2 - He is a
friend of Wayne Newton. His clients
running into his arms. He wrote one
high, Bush tries for
"It was awesome," he said quietly,"
have included Frank Sinatra and
Republican Party spot that harkened
after watching the President at
Donald Trump. He wears well-cut
back to tough economic times in the
a better focus.
Thomas Jefferson's home last week
Itatian suits, Hermes ties, Bally loaf-
late 1970's under Jimmy Carter as
during the education summit.
ens.and a $3,000 Bertolucci watch. He
the song "I Remember You" played.
The 45-year-old Mr. Rogich, a dience
drives a Mercedes sedan with a cellu-
Mr. Rogich is touchy about the aura
Rogich's roots.
vorced father of two daughters whose
lar-phone.
that automatically clings to someone
The White House officials who have
hobbies include camping, collecting
Just when you thought the Bush
who has become one of the most
been getting to know Mr. Rogich are
duck stamps, playing the guitar and
White House was hopelessly beige
powerful people in Nevada. He plans
still getting used to his manner, which
reading about Indians, concedes here
and bland, a spritz of glitz has been
to sell his Mercedes and get a more
everyone concedes is "different"
can sound hokey. "I know. it sounds...
added. Meet Sig Rogich, the wealthy
modest four-wheel drive vehicle, and
from conventional Washington fare.
corny for someone to tell you that
Las Vegas advertising and public
he is putting his advertising firm,
Mr. Rogich has told people here
they patriotic and that they feel
relations executive who is the Presi-
which he has built into the largest in
that he is looking forward to working
honored to do something like this," he
dent's new image-maker.
Nevada, in a blind trust.
with the Cabinet because they are
said, "but I believe deeply in this
friends with Wayne Newton,"
Mr. Rogich, who once served as a
such "beautiful people."
President because he's a good guy."
the soft-spoken Mr. Rogich (pro-
boxing commissioner of Nevada and
Mr. Rogich may have helped
nounced ROGUE-ish) conceded,
once owned a slot machine company,
produce some of the most notorious
His friends suggest that his ideal-
when asked about his acquaintances
resigned from the board of Bally's
ads even in a Presidential campaign,
ism may stem from the fact that Mr.
from the Las Vegas casino world.
casino in Las Vegas and sold his part-
but he has the soft, considerate, in-
Rogich has lived the American
Even though I don't happen to like
nership in two small casinos in Fal-
tensely sincere manner of the lead in
dream. Born in Iceland, he started
His song 'Danke Schön.'
Ion, Nev.
a Frank Capra movie. He would
"dirt poor," as his mother, Ranny,
-Mr. Rogich, who helped produce the
A Call From the Car
rather talk about the plight of the In-
puts it, when the family lived in public
Bush campaign's controversial com-
dians than the capital gains tax cut
housing and his father worked in a
mercials battering Gov. Michael S.
"Please don't portray me as some
bill, and he would rather talk about
metals factory outside Las Vegas.
Dukakis on prison furloughs and Bos-
flashy Vegas gambler who's plopping
helping the environment than about
His father went on to be a foreman at
into the White House in Italian suits
ton.Harbor, starts Wednesday as the
new special assistant to the President
and expensive watches," Mr. Rogich
Wayne Newton.
a company that made neon casino
signs, and his sister was a dancer in a
pleaded, calling a reporter from his
A Wide-Ranging Mind
for activities and initiatives. The job,
review that toured with Sammy
raised to a cynical art form in the
car phone.
Indeed; unlike that of most Wash-
Davis Jr.
Indeed, while Mr. Rogich disdains
Reagan years by Michael K. Deaver;
ington political types, Mr. Rogich's
Sig Rogich worked odd jobs from
the Brooks Brothers uniform favored
entails shaping the President's mes-
conversation jumps like a Renais-
the time he was small, and as he got
sage and themes, planning his travel
by most White House officials, he
sance grasshopper, from Basque res-
older toiled as a busboy at casinos in
schedule and crafting the way his
does not gamble. "I keep thinking I
taurants to Puccini operas to vam-
Las Vegas, a bellboy in Lake Tahoe
should be able to play baccarat be-
events should look for television.
pire novels to Jackie Robinson and
hotels and a folk singer in San Fran-
cause James Bond did," he said.
the old Brooklyn Dodgers.
cisco bistros. He changed his name in
Perspective of History
"I've always wanted to walk through
Those who have worked with him in
college, from Sigfus to the less exotic
a casino one day and say 'Banco!'
"I look at everything from an his-
campaigns say he has an idealistic
Sigmund, although everyone calls
torical point of view because I think
just to be cool."
side uncommon either in a hard-bit-
him "Sig" anyway. By the time he
In 1984, The Wall Street Journal
that gives greater impact to the mes-
ten town like Las Vegas or a cynical
turned 40, he was a multimillionaire,
wrote a story raising eyebrows over
and one who quietly sends money to
sage, said Mr. Rogich, who collects
business like political advertising.
the presence of a Las Vegas public
"He really believes all that stuff,"
children in need of operations when,
first-edition books, papers and photo-
relations and advertising man as a
graphs involving his two heroes, Win-
said Tom Messner, a Madison Ave-
he reads about them in newspapers.
ston Churchill and Theodore Roose-
Reagan campaign official. Hadn't
nue advertising executive who
His friends also say that he is more
Mr. Rogich helped Frank Sinatra get
velt. "It's important to look for the
worked on the Reagan Tuesday
"touchy-feely" than most politicos
pausual setting that will be memora-
a gambling license? Hadn't he done
Team.
and sometimes offers a hug in ex-
ble. The Camp David accords would-
public relations work for the casino
Just as President Bush can get
pressing emotion. As one Bush offi-
n't have been the same if they were
operator Allan Sachs when Mr. Sachs
choked up when he stands on the
cial explains, "He's just very West
the Washington accords."
Associated Press for The New York Times
wanted to improve the image of the
Truman Balcony and talks about how
Coast."
His predecessor, Stephen Studdert
Sig Rogich, who is to take over as President Bush's new image maker.
Stardust Hotel after it had been
is returning to his home state of Utah,
linked to organized crime?
Mr. Rogich's wide circle of loyal
where he may run for office. In the of-
ficial version, Mr. Studdert, who was
want to fix the problem while the
that he is missing from most Wash-
friends in high places say that any
Higher Benefits for Some Veterans Backed
accused inside the White House of
President's popularity is high, before
ington Rolodexes and mentioned only
criticism was merely a matter of
being a self-promoter and outside the
as a footnote in most campaign books.
prejudice against the image of Las
runs into a crisis.
White House of arranging scattershot
"This was one area where folks had
Like Mr. Bush, Mr. Rogich does not
Vegas as a neon Sodom and Gomor-
suggested we needed a little bit of an
like turf battles or fighting for credit.
rah.
trips that garnered little national
WASHINGTON, Oct. 2 (AP) The
lion, by $398 million in the fiscal year'
press coverage, was not asked to
extra dimension," said John H. Sunu-
But insiders value him highly. In
Angered Liberals on Campus
House of Representatives approved a
1990, which began Sunday, and by $525
leave. But there was a feeling in the
nu, the White House chief of staff.
1984, he was one of three directors of
"There's an anti-Las Vegas bias in
4.9 percent cost-of-living increase in
million in the next fiscal year, the Con-
Inner circle that it might be best if he
"We needed a pro who understands
the "Tuesday Team" that orches-
this town," said Paul Laxalt, the for-
benefits today for some 2.5 million dis-
gressional Budget Office said.
headed West a little early.
how to emphasize what the President
trated the slick $20 million advertis-
mer Nevada Senator who filed and
abled veterans and their survivors.
Also approved was legislation
In the beginning, Mr. Bush and his
wants to convey without doing things
ing campaign for Ronald Reagan's
then later dropped a $250 million libel
The increase, effective Dec. 1, would
tending education benefits for veterans
advisers tried so hard to shed the
that would make the President un-
landslide, and in 1988 he worked on
suit against the McClatchey papers
raise to $1,539 a month, from $1,468, the
of the Vietnam War era to 1977 and
image of a stage-managed President
comfortable. We don't want anything
Mr. Bush's team as the quiet partner
over an article alleging skimming at
basic benefit payment. for a veteran
1978 graduates of the military acade-
that they ignored criticism that Mr.
ostentatious or over-orchestrated."
of the garrulous Roger Ailes.
a casino that his family once owned,
with 100 percent disability resulting
mies and 1978 graduates of Reserve"
Bush was dissolving in a fuzzy video
A Formidable Footnote
Since Mr. Ailes likes to take credit
"and that attitude has a healthy dose
from military service.Maximum
Officer and Training Corps programs.
collage of puppies and horseshoes.
for clever work, and Mr. Rogich likes
of hypocrisy in it."
monthly benefits would rise to $2,684,
In addition, education benefits for
Knowing that President Bush was not
In other words, while Mr. Bush still
cringes at the term "handler," he is
to give it, the two got along famously.
Mr. Rogich got his start in politics
from $2,559, under the legislation,
members of the military reserves, now
as telegenic as his predecessor, his
advisers wanted to downgrade the
"We had a special relationship," Mr.
as a Laxalt volunteer.
which was approved without opposition
limited to undergraduate college
willing to sit still for a glossier ap-
proach to showcasing his Presidency.
Rogich recalled. "I liked the way
"He may have come from Las
on a voice vote.
courses, would be expanded to cover
importance of television and national
Vegas, but Sig is more rugged West-
The increases will raise the annual
graduate school courses, technical
Enter Mr. Rogich, a man who has
Roger allowed me to be creative, and
news coverage.
he liked the way I did his shirts."
ern than glitzy Western," Mr. Sununu
cost of veterans' disability and survi-
schools, correspondence courses and
But now officials concede that the
been so self-effacing in the last two
Republican Presidential campaigns
Although he supervised the making
said, putting a positive spin on Mr.
vor benefits, now estimated at $10.2 bil-
on-the-job training.
big picture is blurry. They say they
NEW YORK TIMES OBITUARIES SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 16, 1989
11
Is Dead
trial of Jeremy Beauchamp, whose
case Mr. Warren had read about in a
penny pamphlet. The heart of "Brother
to Dragons," a lengthy narrative poem,
the nephews of Thomas Jefferson for
about the brutal killing of a slave by
what they considered a slight to the
Family. And for "Audubon: A Vision"
found a threatening and sinister in-
that he put to his own use.
The Nature of Honor
All these works, sometimes melodra-
atic in character, served a larger
Purpose: Mr. Warren's investigation of
nature of honor and justice, of truth
freedom, responsibility and guilt.
beçause these inquiries impeded
flow of the story, some readers
critical of the "underdone
ilosophizing" books. that they felt marred
Even those who admired him com-
Fined of the obduracy of his style. Re-
wing "Brother to Dragons," Rand-
Jarrell wrote that Mr. Warren's
Forid, massive, rather oratorical
toric is sometimes miraculous,
effective and sometimes too no-
able to bear.'
thur Mizener praised him for
beging to the telling of a story "the
Crowe Robert Ransom Penn Warren, and Donald at rear, Davidson. in Nashville in May of 1956 with, from left, Allen Tate, Merrill The Nashville Moore, Tennesean, John
1956
penetrating and most beautifully
plined historical imagination we
But in reviewing "Band of An-
be considered a defense of segregation.
Mr. Mizener wrote that the au-
But in the 1950's and 60's he published
"brilliant speculations and subtle arguments
two books, "Segregation" and "Who
Randall Jarrell
Mr. Warren was the recipient of
Speaks for the Negro?" that gave ex-
life of 'Band of over Angels' the imagi- like a
pression to the whole spectrum of
called his rhetoric
many honors. In addition to his Pulitzer
Prize for fiction for "All the King's
thought and feeling and the reflections
Men," he won two for his poetry, in 1957
critics felt that these charac-
of all kinds of people over the race
'sometimes
and 1979. He received a National Book
of his work had a more natural
problem. And he conceded once, rather
Award, the Copernicus Award for poet-
in his poetry. In "The Ballad of
ruefully, that he could not really return
miraculous.'
ry, the Bollingen Prize for poetry, the
Potts," for example, many said
home again.
National Medal for Literature and, in
apostrophes slowed down the
Fierce Demeanor, Soft Voice
1981, a John D. and Catherine MacAr-
but that the delays added to the
thur Foundation award of $60,000 a
The of the poem.
Mr. Warren made his home in a pair
rying at the dinner table after the
year for five years, one of a score of
fields he loved to walk.
of converted barns surrounded by
guests have gone, drinking the last of
awards made by the foundation to what
Born in Kentucky
the wine and holding hands. It ends
with these lines:
it termed "exceptionally talented indi-
Penn Warren was born on
To his friends he was "Red," from
viduals." He was awarded a National
1905, in Guthrie, a small south-
the color of his hair. He was a burly
The last log is black, white ash be-
Medal of Arts in 1987.
antucky town that was part of the
man with a face that seemed carved
neath displays
rland Valley. It was a beautiful
from stone. It was said he looked like a
No last glow. You snuff candles. Soon
He was also granted a number of
Warren recalled, "a country
man who was about to throw you off his
the old stairs
honorary degrees, and was elected to
apted to the proper pursuit of
land. But his voice, soft with pro-
Will creak with your grave and syn-
the American Academy and Institute
nounced Southern intonation, belied his
chronized tread as each mounts
of Arts and Letters, which in May 1985
me from a literate family; his
fierce demeanor.
To a briefness of light, then true
gave him its Gold Medal for Poetry.
a Confederate veteran,
As the years passed, Mr. Warren
weight of darkness, and then
That heart-dimness in which neither
"My notion," he once told the teacher
of quoting from Scott and
and such verses as "The Turk
kept on writing. A collection, "New and
Selected Poetry," came out in 1985.
joy nor sorrow counts.
and critic Benjamin De Mott, "is to try,
Garden Tent." Mr. Warren's
New work took up roughly one-fourth
Even so, one hand gropes out for an-
honest witness to my time.' and bear Future an
to live - live life now
referred history when he read
of the book's 322 pages, and won partic-
other, again.
children.
generations are likely to attest that he
youth, Mr. Warren went to
ular praise from William H. Pritchard
did both.
of Amherst College, who wrote in The
Many Awards and Degrees
Guthrie and then entered
New York Times Book Review that Mr.
In 1986, Mr. Warren's complete
Mr. Warren's first marriage, to
University. It was the deci-
of his life. There he encoun-
remembrance." Warren was "no one-note dweller on
papers were purchased, for an undis-
Emma Brescia, ended in divorce.
closed sum by Yale University's Bei-
Tate, Donald Davidson,
Professor Pritchard wrote that his
necke Rare Book and Manuscript Li-
He is survived by his wife, the author
and others - "poets and
favorite poem in all of Mr. Warren's
brary. This year another collection of
Eleanor Clark; a sister, Mary Barber
he called them - who turned
oeuvre was one of the new ones, "After
his writings, "New and Selected Es-
of Maysville, Ky.; a daughter, Rosanna
the study of engineering to
of literature. He later did
the Dinner Party," about a couple tar-
House. says," was published by Random
Scully of Needham, Mass.; a son, Ga-
briel, of Washington County, R.I., and
at the University of
three grandchildren.
and at Yale, and went to Ox-
hodes Scholar.
eturn to the United States,
Dámaso Pérez Prado Dies at 72
taught for a while at South
THE WASHINGTON POST
Robert Penn Warren
APPRECIATION, From C1
tion was SO obtuse Warren could not answer it,
In the inland glen wakes the dawn-dove.
and eventually the questioner gave up. Hoping
Former president Ronald Reagan checked
We must try
to salvage the situation, a professor asked that
out of St. Mary's Hospital in Rochester, Minn.,
old reliable "What are you reading these days?"
To love so well the world that we may
yesterday and boarded a private plane for Los
believe, in the end, in God.
"Around our house," Warren intoned slowly,
Angeles. Reagan sported a Minnesota Twins
"we are reading Milton."
-from "Masts at Dawn"
baseball cap, which he tipped to reveal the
That was part of what you looked for in
shaved spot on his head where Mayo Clinic
Warren wrote more than 50 books-novels
Warren: something unyielding, something
doctors performed surgery a week ago to
Jayand poetry, essays and children's stories and,
challenging. And in his poetry you found it,
drain fluid that had built up on his brain.
with critic Cleanth Brooks, two influential text-
along with a loving respect for nature, an eye
The ever-alert Nancy Reagan tried to cover
mobooks called "Understanding Poetry" and "Un-
that saw traces of the past in every landscape,
the bald side of her husband's head with her
derstanding Fiction." If the game of naming
a questioning voice that hoped the act of ex-
hand.
Wilthe Great American Novel is still being played
ploring everyday life was the path to faith.
According to Reagan spokesman Mark
manywhere, Warren's "All the King's Men"
It is to that questioning human voice that
Weinberg, doctors are "completely satisfied"
would easily make the final rounds.
my friends and I turn to mark the events of
with the 78-year-old former president's recov-
An exploration of what Warren called "the
our lives. One writer who interviewed the au-
ery.
""myth" of populist politician Huey Long, the
thor at home included a Warren poem in his
On Thursday, Soviet parliament member
novel is the story of Willie Stark, an idealistic
son's christening. An "All the King's Men" pas-
Boris Yeltsin, in Minnesota on his current U.S.
Louisiana lawyer who lives through disillusion-
sage about the transforming power of love was
tour, stopped by to visit Reagan.
ment to become a passionate, charismatic lead-
read at my wedding.
er. It is also, and perhaps more importantly,
One of the obvious advantages of being a
Pageant Injury
the story of the book's narrator, Jack Burden,
journalist is the brazen notion that it gives you
the press aide, who, through a tumultuous re-
the right to meet people you've always ad-
Miss Oklahoma, Tamara Denise Toshiko
lationship with Stark, comes to terms with his
mired. For an hour at least, you can sit beside
Marler, who won a preliminary talent competi-
own failures and those of the patrician class
the author, visit the actress in her dressing
tion in the Miss America Pageant Wednesday
from which he fell.
room, follow the activist through the streets.
night, was hit on the head with a beer bottle
"If you could not accept the past and its bur-
Robert Penn Warren was not one to encour-
flung by a spectator during the Miss America
den," Warren wrote, "there was no future, for
age such instant coziness. He chafed at safe
Pageant Parade last night. She was taken to
without one there cannot be the other.
if
and obvious questions, offered no easy epipha-
Atlantic City Medical Center, where she was
poir
nies, reminded you that your love for his work
treated for a superficial cut on her forehead and
you could accept the past you might hope for
Siei
had damn well better be accompanied with the
remained overnight for observation. Leonard
the future, for only out of the past can you
und
same energy and hunger he demanded of him-
Horn, executive pageant director, said Miss
make the future."
that
self.
Oklahoma was expected to return to the compe-
For that book Warren won the 1947 Pulit-
viol
sizer Prize, and won it twice more for poetry as
So at his press conference three years ago, I
tition tonight.
not
stowell.
asked nothing large. Better not to seek revela-
thre
Aflutter About Stuffed Birds
He was a student of time and power, re-
tion, not to pretend that this encounter was
sponsibility and dreams, an explorer who trea-
anything more than a press conference before
The Sierra Club is shocked to see the U.S.
Zsa
sured the will to question more than anything
a jostling crowd in a too-small room. Better to
Fish and Wildlife Service making such a fuss
Z
else. But his search for knowledge was never
watch him, then leave and read his written
over the stuffed migratory birds perched over
whe
purely abstract, and that is one reason his po-
words with the deep and sweeping rhythm of
the bar at the club's favorite watering hole, the
Ten
etry is so readable, so easily made a part of
his spoken voice still in my ears.
Tune Inn. It seems that private ownership of five
$75
one's existence. He lived very much in the real
Over the next few weeks, people who knew
of the 30-year-old stuffed birds at the Capitol
G
world and wrote of it, whether Louisiana in the
Warren, who met him for more than a couple
Hillbilly bar is illegal under the Migratory Bird
Ten
Depression or the 18th-century frontier or his
of hours, will reminisce, tell anecdotes in which
Treaty Act of 1916, and the service says that
had
own life as a man searching for meaning.
they figure as more than a member of an audi-
seeing these five may cause patrons to hunt
hair
City
ence. His wife, Eleanor Clark, the writer and
other birds.
brat
YOR
Warren was born in Guthrie, Ky., and al-
fellow lover of Milton, will return to Connecti-
though he lived much of his life far from the
"It's so frivolous, like they are missing the
B
270
South in such surroundings as Yale, Oxford
cut. There will be a funeral and probably a me-
University, Vermont and Fairfield, Conn., he
morial service studded with gleaming literary
names.
was a creature of his native region. His passion
They are his friends, or at least acquaintanc-
By G.B. Trudeau
for history, he said, began early, fed by grand-
fathers' tales of the Civil War and a childhood
es. I was an observer-just a reader. But per-
of reading. All that he read and lived melts to-
haps I should not say "just" a reader, because
OH, HI, RICK. WHY
this is how readers will mourn Robert Penn
YEAH, FINE.
gether in his writing: The lyricism and drama
HI,
ARE YOU CALLING
I JUST GOT
of his beloved Elizabethan poets, the accents
Warren's passing: We will go home and, today
BABE!
so LATE IS
WORD I'VE GO
and phrases of poor men and women met in
or tomorrow, pick up a book.
EVERYTHING
TO DO A STOR
Louisiana.
Long ago, in Kentucky, I, a boy, stood
OKAY?
NEW YORK, S
THOUGHT I'D
His manner was courteous, gracious in a
By a dirt road, in first dark, and heard
STAY WITH
enway that clearly had little to do with New Eng-
The great geese hoot northward.
YOU GUYS.
land. But there was also an astringent quality,
I could not see them, there being no moon
and that's what a friend of mine saw when
And the stars sparse. I heard them.
Warren gave a reading at Drew University
did not know what was happening in
some years ago.
my heart.
During the question session, one of the sol-
It was the season before the elderberry
9-16
emn admirers in the audience asked Warren
blooms,
why he thought it was SO hard for good young
Therefore they were going north.
poets to be published. The poet responded he
The sound was passing northward.
didn't think it was hard at all. The next ques-
-from "Tell Me a Story"
critic
teacher 3 times minin
of
anthor JATKM
Galleries: Nan Montgomery's
sculptural paintings
2
Personalities: Reagan leaves
the hospital after surgery
3
Style
6
Weekend TV: Highlights
and listings
8
Ann Landers readers
on telemarketing
Appreciation
Robert Penn Warren: A Voyage to the Heart
By Elizabeth Kastor
while a friend read his poems.
last 25 years, Warren's poetry had become something
Washington Post Staff Writer
When it came time the following year for him to vis-
transcendent. "He is," said the professor, "writing his
it Washington again for a gathering of poets, he was
way into heaven."
y the time Robert Penn Warren came to
B
too sick to travel. Early Friday morning in Vermont,
Washington as the nation's first Poet Laureate
The masts go white slow, as light, like dew, from
Warren died, 84 years old, his wife and daughter with
darkness
three years ago, he was an old man, frail, the
him.
Condensed on them, on oiled wood, on metal. Dew
hair that gave "Red" Warren his nickname fad-
That day three years ago at the Library of Congress
whitens in darkness.
ed to the color of ground ginger. But he was still fierce
was the only time I met him. But, like thousands of
I lie in my bed and think how, in darkness, the
and courteous and absolutely unwilling to play the pre-
readers over the last 50 years, I lived with his poetry
masts go white.
scribed role of comfortably inspirational icon.
and novels, felt them to be an essential part of my life
The sound of the engine of the first fishing dory
He gave a peppery press conference, easily scatter-
and my country. When I heard of his death, I remem-
dies seaward. Soon
ROBERT PENN WARREN
ing reporters' flaccid questions, sat stolid on stage
bered a college English professor saying that over the
See APPRECIATION, C3, Col. 1
TV Previews
Nun
Lights! Glory!
So
In the Eye of the Pageant
Rare
NBC's 'Sister Kate'
And 3 Other Debuts
A14 SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 16, 1989
THE WASHIN
Author-Poet Robert Penn Warren,
WARREN, From A1
They were essentially rebels
against apologetic Southern liter-
rupted. It was inspired by the life
ature and the Magnolia stereotype
and violent death of Huey P. Long
of the American South. The group
of Louisiana.
is generally considered to have
A Southerner by birth and tra-
been central to the Southern liter-
dition, Warren drew heavily on the
ary renaissance of the 1920s and
stories and folklore of the South for
1930s and to have had a marked
his work, although some of his po-
influence on 20th century American
ems were set in such diverse places
literature.
as Crete, Italy, France and Ver-
In 1930, after returning to the
mont.
United States from two years as a
The novel "Band of Angels," for
Rhodes Scholar at Oxford Univer-
example, was based on a partly true
sity, Warren became part of anoth-
story of a rich planter in pre-Civil
er group that later was to be known
War Kentucky who has two daugh-
as "The Agrarians." Its members,
ters by a mistress of mixed blood.
some of them Fugitives, published a
The daughters are brought up
collection of essays called "I'll Take
thinking they are white, but when
My Stand" that defended the South-
their father dies heavily in debt
ern way of life and an agrarian
they are discovered to be part
economy against what they per-
black. They are sold into slavery to
ceived to be the ills of industrialism.
help satisfy his creditors.
Warren's contribution was an
A long narrative poem, "The Bal-
essay called "The Briar Patch,"
lad of Billy Potts," was based on a
which amounted to a defense and
Kentucky folk story about an inn-
explanation of racial segregation in
keeper who regularly robbed and
the South: In subsequent years, he
murdered his guests. When his
reversed his position on the issue of
Robert Penn Warren began writing car
grown son comes home after a long
segregation.
Later, while teaching at Louisi-
Naval Academy at Annapolis. But
absence, the innkeeper, failing to
ana State University, Warren was
he suffered an eye injury when he
recognize him, robs and kills him.
instrumental in founding the South-
was struck by a stone, and he failed
Another long poem, "Brother to
Dragons," was a story in verse
ern Review, one of the most re-
the physical examination.
At Vanderbilt, Warren had
about the murder of a black youth
spected literary journals of the
by a nephew of Thomas Jefferson.
time, and he was its editor from
planned to study chemical engineer-
ing, but he found the freshman
In 1958, Warren won the Pulitzer
1935 to 1942. Contributors includ-
courses in that field dull. Simulta-
Prize for poetry for "Promises," a
ed such names as Aldous Huxley,
book that he described as being
Katherine Anne Porter and T.S.
neously he was studing English un-
der John Crowe Ransom.
Eliot.
"half about the Mediterranean and
At the end of the first semester,
Whalf about the South." In 1979, he
It was also while on the faculty at
Ransom moved him into his ad-
Louisiana State that Warren and a
won a second Pulitzer prize for po-
vanced writing class, and Warren
etry for "Now and Then," which
colleague, Cleanth Brooks, collab-
became a writer. "Once the bug
included poems about his childhood,
orated on "Understanding Poetry,"
bites it's hard to dig it out. It's
which became one of the most
vignettes of life in the country and
worse than a chigger," Warren said
small towns, the elusiveness of
widely used textbooks in college
years later of his love of writing.
truth, man's place in nature and
English courses. In 1943, they
Graduating summa cum laude
wrote "Understanding Fiction," also
various interpretations of God. In
from Vanderbilt, he earned a mas-
a widely used textbook.
1986, Daniel J. Boorstin, the librar-
ter's degree at the University of
Robert Penn Warren was born
ian of Congress, named Warren the
California at Berkeley, then studied
April 24, 1905, in Guthrie, Ky., a
country's first poet laureate.
English literature at Yale for a year
tobacco market town in the south-
As a student at Vanderbilt Uni-
before going to England on a
western part of the state. Both his
versity during the 1920s, Warren
Rhodes scholarship.
grandfathers had fought for the
was one of the "Fugitives," a group
In 1929, while still in England,
Confederacy in the Civil War, and
of writers and intellectuals that in-
Warren published his first book,
he acquired from them a sense of
cluded Allen Tate and Warren's
"John Brown: The Making of a Mar-
the American South as a place with
tyr." Years later critics would de-
Vanderbilt teachers John Crowe
its own particular history and iden-
tect a resemblance between War-
Ransom and Donald Davidson.
tity.
ren's portrayal of the militant abo-
They took their name from a line in
The boy finished high school
litionist who was hanged for treason
an editorial in the first issue of their
when he was 15. Initially he intend-
after leading a raid in 1859 on the
magazine: "We fly from nothing SO
ed to become a naval officer, and he
federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, in
much as the South of the Magnolia."
won an appointment to the U.S.
what then was still Virginia, and
POLICE
racketeering scheme that destroyed
a California savings association and
cost the taxpayers $1.1 billion.
REUTER
The lawsuit charged that Keat-
At right, thousands in Johannesburg march to police headquarters, where
COTALITA
ing's group set out to buy a savings
officers, above, watch from behind high iron fence surrounding the station.
and loan association so they could
use its deposits to finance their real
estate speculation, and then drained
Thousands March Peacefully
off hundreds of millions of dollars by
manipulating deals, concocting pho-
ny land sales, making loans to insid-
In 3 South African Cities
ers and other violations of federal
banking regulations.
The Keating group "conceived a
fraudulent scheme to divert funds
Government Allows Anti-Apartheid Protests
from a federally insured thrift to
their own use," the government
headquarters at John Vorster
charged, alleging a dozen types of
By William Claiborne
Square, the citadel of white
"illegal fraudulent and imprudent"
ASSOCIATED PRESS
Washington Post Foreign Service
actions that it said add up to a "rack-
Afrikaner authority, and demanded
march through Johannesburg was
eteering influenced corrupt organi-
JOHANNESBURG, Sept. 15-A
an end to police brutality and the
Anti-apartheid
campaigners
small part of South Africa's 23 mil-
have long argued that if the three-
remarkable not for its size, but
zation," or RICO.
imprisonment of political dissenters.
lion-strong black majority tasted
In Pretoria, chanting and ululat-
year-old emergency prohibitions
simply because it happened in a
The lawsuit was filed under bank
freedom today and vowed to come
ing black protesters danced around
against peaceful protest were
country that has become accus-
fraud statutes by the Resolution
lifted, blacks would give expres-
tomed to swift-and often vio-
Trust Corp., the new agency set up
back for more in greater numbers.
the statue of former prime minis-
ter John Vorster as scores of white
sion to their political aspirations
lent-response by armed riot po-
by Congress to clean up the S&L cri-
Thousands of cheering, singing
without jeopardizing the security
licemen when even a handful of
sis. The agency does not have the
and placard-waving anti-government
policemen looked on impassively.
blacks express political dissent in
authority to bring criminal charges,
protesters brought downtown Jo-
In Port Elizabeth, placard-bearing
of the state.
but a federal grand jury in Los Ange-
hannesburg to a standstill as they
anti-apartheid lawyers gathered at
Like Wednesday's protest in
violation of draconian emergency
les is investigating Keating and his
marched behind the outlawed Afri-
the Indian Ocean city's main
Cape Town by more than 10,000
regulations.
companies.
can National Congress flag to police
square to protest police violence.
marchers of all races, today's
See SOUTH AFRICA, A18, Col. 1
A spokesman for Keating denied
the charges in the RTC suit.
Keating's thrift, Lincoln Savings
and Loan of Irvine, Calif., was seized
Author-Poet Robert Penn Warren Dies
by regulators earlier this year. When
all its losses are added up and depos-
itors are paid off, Lincoln is expected
to be the biggest S&L failure ever,
'All the King's Men' Won Him First Pulitzer Prize in 1947
costing the taxpayers as much as
$2.5 billion.
erary critic, editor and university professor.
Fraud caused at least $1.1 billion
By Bart Barnes
He was best known for his 1946 novel, "All the
of that loss, the government charged
Washington Post Staff Writer
King's Men," which won a Pulitzer Prize for fic-
in the lawsuit filed in U.S. District
Robert Penn Warren, 84, one of America's
tion the following year and was made into a mo-
Court in Phoenix. Besides Keating,
premier poets and novelists and the winner of
tion picture starring Broderick Crawford that
there are 36 defendants in the suit,
three Pulitzer Prizes, died yesterday at his sum-
won three Academy Awards. The novel, which
including Keating's children and 17
was translated into 20 languages and sold 3 mil-
companies.
mer residence in Stratton, Vt. He had cancer.
Warren wrote about guilt and self-discovery,
lion copies, told the story of a southern political
Some of the charges are violations
history and fate, injustice and love, and of
demagogue who achieves almost dictatorial pow-
of the RICO law, for which triple
dreams, memories and phenomena of nature. In
er with the intent of doing good, but in the pro-
damages are permitted. If the gov-
cess of ascendancy becomes defiled and cor-
See THRIFT, A13, Col. 1
addition to his work as poet and novelist, he was
widely respected as an essayist, dramatist, lit-
See WARREN, A14, Col. 1
Two officers of First Maryland
obert Penn Warren, the nation's most honored
Robert Penn Warren: An appreciation of America's first poet laureate.
Page C1
S&L sentenced to prison. Page BI
also won Pulitzer Prizes in 1958 and 1979.
INSIDE
CTON POST
Winner of 3 Pulitzer Prizes, Dies
the project again while on the
Burden answers that the judge is
faculty at the University of Minne-
plainly above reproach. Stark re-
sota and later while serving as con-
plies:
sultant in poetry at the Library of
"Listen, Jack. Man is conceived in
Congress in 1945.
sin and born in corruption, and he
By then the form of the story had
passeth from the stink of the didie
been changed from a play into a
to the stench of the shroud. There
novel, and Warren had introduced
is always something."
the character of Jack Burden, a for-
By the time "All the King's Men,"
mer newspaperman and aide to the
was published, Warren had re-
politician hero, Willie Stark, as the
turned to the English faculty at the
narrator. The publication of "All the
University of Minnesota after his
King's Men" in 1946 led almost im-
year at the Library of Congress.
mediately to the widespread pop-
During subsequent decades he con-
ular equation of Stark with Long.
tinued a varied career as poet, nov-
In his introduction to the book,
elist, editor, critic, social commen-
Warren rejected the notion that it
tator and teacher. From 1950 until
was an apologia for Long, as some
he retired in 1973 he taught at
argued, or a call for the assassina-
Yale. He lived in Fairfield, Conn.
tion of dictators, as others claimed.
In 1954, when the Supreme
"For better or worse," he said,
Court found racial segregation in
"Willie Stark was not Huey Long.
public schools unconstitutional,
Willie was only himself, whatever
Warren returned to the South for
that turned out to be
Certain-
an extended visit "to listen to the
ly, it was the career of Long and the
voices in my blood." From that trip
atmosphere of Louisiana that sug-
came the book, "Segregation: The
1977 PHOTO BY UNDA WHEELER-THE WASHINGTON POST
areer as a rebel at Vanderbilt University.
gested the play that was to become
Inner Conflict of the South," pub-
the novel."
lished in 1956. The problem for
some of the characters that figured
Although "All the King's Men,"
many whites, he wrote, was not
in Warren's later works.
has often been called the best
learning to live with blacks: "
it
In 1935, when Warren was on
American political novel ever writ-
is learning to live with ourselves
the faculty at LSU in Baton Rouge,
ten, Warren always said that it was
I don't think you can live with
Sen. Huey Long, a former governor
"never intended to be a book about
yourself when you are humiliating
of the state, was assassinated in the
politics. Politics merely provided
the man next to you."
state capitol. Sometime during the
the framework story in which the
Almost 10 years later he wrote,
winter of 1937-38 Warren got an
deeper concerns, whatever their
"Who Speaks for the Negro?" based
idea about doing a play in verse
final significance, might work them-
on tape-recorded interviews with
about a Southern politician who
selves out."
black leaders. He warned in that
achieved the powers of a virtual
If that is true, it is also a fact that
book that Southern whites had to
dictator in his home state.
the novel remains one of the clear-
overcome their fear of other
"My politician," Warren recalled
est and most eloquent discriptions
whites, including, presumably,
in an introduction to "All the King's
ever written of the art of practical
members of the Ku Klux Klan, who
Men," written seven years after the
politics as it existed in a predom-
would try to block blacks from at-
book was published, would be "a
inantly rural state in the American
taining full rights of citizenship.
man whose personal motivation had
South. Willie Stark learns quickly
In 1977 Mr. Warren wrote "A
been in one sense idealistic, who in
that he can do no good without pow-
Place to Come To," a partly auto-
many ways was to serve the cause
er and that to gain power he must
biographical novel. It was about a
of social betterment, but who was
make alliances he might not other-
man from a small town in the South
corrupted by power, even by the
wise consider and do things he
who becomes a respected scholar of
power exercised against corruption
might not otherwise dream of, but
classical and medieval languages at
he was to be a man whose pow-
ultimately that process becomes his
a northern university but who nev-
er was based on the fact that some-
undoing and his end becomes cor-
ertheless remains enticed and fas-
how he could vicariously fulfill some
rupted by his means.
cinated by his Southern origins all
secret needs of the people about
Rich in detail and atmosphere,
his life.
him."
the book is said by critics to contain
Warren's marriage to Emma Bre-
He wrote a draft of the play the
some of Warren's finest writing.
scia ended in divorce after 20 years.
following winter while on leave
Moreover, it is full of illustrations of
Survivors include his wife, the
from LSU in Rome, "with the boot-
an almost uncanny ability to catch
former Eleanor Clark, whom he
heels of Mussolini's legionnaires
the cadences of southern speech.
married in 1952 and who is also an
clanging on the stones," then put it
When Willie Stark tells Jack Burden
author, of Fairfield. They had two
aside, wrote another novel, "At
to dig up some dirt to use against a
children, Rosanna Phelps and Ga-
Heaven's Gate," and then took up
judge who is being uncooperative,
briel Penn.
THE NEW YORK TIMES OBITUARIES SATURD
The Writer Robert Penn Warren Is Dead
Continued From Page 1
Two of his books
trial of Jeremy Beauchamp, whose
case Mr. Warren had read about in a
tion how to read a work of literature
and helped make the New Criticism
taught an entire
penny pamphlet. The heart of "Brother
to Dragons," a lengthy narrative poem,
dominant in the decade surrounding
generation how
is about the brutal killing of a slave by
World War II. It was an approach to
the nephews of Thomas Jefferson for
criticism that regarded the work at
what they considered a slight to the
hand as autonomous, as an artifact
to read literature.
family. And for "Audubon: A Vision"
whose structure and substance could
he found a threatening and sinister in-
be analyzed without respect to social,
cident. that he put to his own use.
biographical and political details.
the heritage of the Western world.
The Nature of Honor
In an essay on John Crowe Ransom,
Mr. Warren made up for that lack by
who was his most important influence,
searching out and finding historical in-
All these works, sometimes melodra-
Mr. Warren wrote, "The problem at
cidents, folk tales and community
matic in character, served a larger
the center of Ransom's work is espe-
anecdotes that he exploited and ex-
purpose: Mr. Warren's investigation of
cially modern - but it implies some
panded in his fiction. Willie Stark, the
the nature of honor and justice, of truth
history." The same sentence could be
protagonist of "All the King's Men," is
and freedom, responsibility and guilt.
based on the character and career of
But because these inquiries impeded
applied to Mr. Warren himself, for in
Huey Long, the populist politician of
the flow of the story, some readers
his fiction, as in a good deal of his poet-
Louisiana. "Without Long," Mr. War-
were critical of the underdone
ry, historical elements served as the
ren once said, "I wouldn't have written
philosophizing that they felt marred
imaginative springboard for the work.
his books.
it."
Used Fact and Anecdote
Even those who admired him com-
"Night Rider," an early novel, used
Ransom once pointed out the impov-
the tobacco war of 1906 in his native
plained of the obduracy of his style. Re-
erishment of modern life and the handi-
Kentucky, when farmers fought the to-
viewing "Brother to Dragons," Rand-
cap to a writer in the destruction of
all Jarrell wrote that Mr. Warren's
bacco trust. "World Enough and Time"
commonly held myths that had been
centered on the 19th-century murder
"florid, massive, rather oratorical
rhetoric is sometimes miraculous,
often effective and sometimes too no-
ticeable to bear.'
Robert Penn Warren,
Arthur Mizener praised him for
Crowe Ransom and D
bringing to the telling of a story "the
From Prose and Poetry
most penetrating and most beautifully
disciplined historical imagination we
be considered a defense of
have." But in reviewing "Band of An-
But in the 1950's and 60's
gels," Mr. Mizener wrote that the au-
two books, "Segregation
Of Robert Penn Warren
thor's "brilliant and subtle arguments
Speaks for the Negro?" t
spread speculations
over the imagi-
pression to the whole
native life of 'Band of Angels' like a
thought and feeling and th
I got to Mason City early in the
When only in memory I might
blight."
of all kinds of people ov
afternoon and went to the Mason
Repeat this last tramp up the
Many critics felt that these charac-
problem. And he conceded
City Cafe, Home-Cooked Meals
shadowy gorge
teristics of his work had a more natural
ruefully, that he could not
for Ladies and Gents, facing the
In the mountains, cabinward,
place in his poetry. In "The Ballad of
home again.
square, and sampled the mashed
the fall.
Billie Potts," for example, many said
Fierce Demeanor, Sof
potatoes and fried ham and
Coming on, the aspen leaf gold,
that the apostrophes slowed down the
greens with pot-likker with one
story, but that the delays added to the
Mr. Warren made his ho
sun low
hand while with the other I com-
At the western end of the gun-
suspense of the poem.
of converted barns sur
fields he loved to walk.
peted with seven or eight flies for
barrel passage
Born in Kentucky
To his friends he was
the possession of a piece of cus-
Waiting, waiting the trigger-
Robert Penn Warren was born on
the color of his hair. He
tard pie.
touch
April 24, 1905, in Guthrie, a small south-
man with a face that see
I went out into the street, where
And the blast of darkness - the
ern Kentucky town that was part of the
from stone. It was said he
the dogs lay on the shady side
target me.
Cumberland Valley. It was a beautiful
man who was about to throy
under the corrugated iron awn-
spot, Mr. Warren recalled, "a country
land. But his voice, soft
ings, and walked down the block
I said, "I'll try to remember as
well adapted to the proper pursuit of
nounced Southern intonation
till I came to the harness shop.
much
boyhood."
fierce demeanor.
There was one vacant seat out
As a man caught in Time can-
He came from a literate family; his
front, so I said howdy-do, and
not forget,"
grandfather, a Confederate veteran,
As the years passed, M
joined the club. I was the junior
For I carried a headful of sum-
was fond of quoting from Scott and
kept on writing. A collection
member by 40 years, but I
mer, and knew
Byron and such verses as "The Turk
Selected Poetry," came 0
thought I was going to have liver
That I'd never again, in the
Lay in the Garden Tent." Mr. Warren's
New work took up roughly
spots on my swollen old hands
gloaming, walk
father preferred history when he read
of the book's 322 pages, and
crooked on the head of the hickory
Up that trail, now lulled by the
aloud to his children.
ular praise from William H
stick like the rest of them before
stone-song of waters;
As a youth, Mr. Warren went to
of Amherst College, who WI
anybody was going to say any-
Nor again on path pebbles,
school in Guthrie and then entered
New York Times Book Revie
thing. In a town like Mason City
noon-plain, see
Vanderbilt University. It was the deci-
Warren was "no one-note
the bench in front of the harness
The old rattler's fat belly twist
sive act of his life. There he encoun-
remembrance."
shop is - or was 20 years ago be-
and distend
tered Ransom, Tate, Donald Davidson,
Professor Pritchard wro
fore the conrete slab got laid down
As it coiled, and the rattles up
Merrill Moore and others - "poets and
favorite poem in all of Mr.
- the place where Time gets tan-
from dust rise
arguers," he called them - who turned
oeuvre was one of the new Of
gled in its own feet and lies down
To vibrate mica-bright, in the
him from the study of engineering to
the Dinner Party," about a
like an old hound and gives up the
sun's beam;
the study of literature. He later did
struggle.
Nor again, from below, on the
graduate work at the University of
"All the King's Men," Har-
cliff' s'over-thrust,
California and at Yale, and went to Ox-
court, Brace, 1946.
Catch a glimpse of the night-
ford as a Rhodes Scholar.
Dámaso Pé
crouching cougar's eyes
On his return to the United States,
That, in my flashlight's strong
Mr. Warren taught for a while at South-
beam, had burned
western College in Memphis and at
Coal-bright as they swung,
Dámaso Pérez Prado,
The nurse is still here. Then
Vanderbilt, then moved on to
She
is
not
here.
You
Detached
fought
the
to-
cap to a writer in the destruction of
bacco trust. "World Enough and Time"
all Jarrell wrote that Mr. Warren's
commonly held myths that had been
centered on the 19th-century murder
!'florid, massive, rather oratorical
rhetoric is sometimes miraculous,
often effective and sometimes too no-
ticeable to bear."
Robert Penn Warren, at rear,
Arthur Mizener praised him for
Crowe Ransom and Donald Da
bringing to the telling of a story "the
From Prose and Poetry
most penetrating and most beautifully
disciplined historical imagination we
be considered a defense of segrega
have." But in reviewing "Band of An-
But in the 1950's and 60's he publis
gels," Mr. Mizener wrote that the au-
Of Robert Penn Warren
two books, "Segregation" and
thor's "brilliant and subtle arguments
Speaks for the Negro?" that gave
spread speculations over the imagi-
pression to the whole spectrum
native life of 'Band of Angels' like a
thought and feeling and the reflect
I got to Mason City early in the
When only in memory I might
blight."
of all kinds of people over the I
afternoon and went to the Mason
Repeat this last tramp up the
Many critics felt that these charac-
problem. And he conceded once, ra
City Cafe, Home-Cooked Meals
shadowy gorge
teristics of his work had a more natural
ruefully, that he could not really ret
for Ladies and Gents, facing the
In the mountains, cabinward,
place in his poetry. In "The Ballad of
home again.
square, and sampled the mashed
the fall
Billie Potts," for example, many said
Coming on, the aspen leaf gold,
that the apostrophes slowed down the
Fierce Demeanor, Soft Voice
potatoes and fried ham and
greens with pot-likker with one
sun low
story, but that the delays added to the
Mr. Warren made his home in a
hand while with the other I com-
At the western end of the gun-
suspense of the poem.
of converted barns surrounded
peted with seven or eight flies for
barrel passage
fields he loved to walk.
Born in Kentucky
the possession of a piece of cus-
Waiting, waiting the trigger-
To his friends he was "Red," fr
tard pie.
touch
Robert Penn Warren was born on
the color of his hair. He was a bu
I went out into the street, where
And the blast of darkness - the
April 24, 1905, in Guthrie, a small south-
man with a face that seemed car
the dogs lay on the shady side
target me.
ern Kentucky town that was part of the
from stone. It was said he looked lik
under the corrugated iron awn-
Cumberland Valley. It was a beautiful
man who was about to throw you off
ings, and walked down the block
I said, "I'll try to remember as
spot, Mr. Warren recalled, "a country
land. But his voice, soft with I
till I came to the harness shop.
much
well adapted to the proper pursuit of
nounced Southern intonation, belied
There was one vacant seat out
boyhood."
As a man caught in Time can-
fierce demeanor.
front, so I said howdy-do, and
not forget,'
He came from a literate family; his
joined the club. I was the junior
For I carried a headful of sum-
grandfather, a Confederate veteran,
As the years passed, Mr. Wari
mer, and knew
was fond of quoting from Scott and
kept on writing. A collection, "New a
member by 40 years, but I
That I'd never again, in the
Byron and such verses as "The Turk
Selected Poetry," came out in 19
thought I was going to have liver
gloaming, walk
Lay in the Garden Tent." Mr. Warren's
New work took up roughly one-four
spots on my swollen old hands
of the book's 322 pages, and won parti
crooked on the head of the hickory
Up that trail, now lulled by the
father preferred history when he read
aloud to his children.
ular praise from William H. Pritchal
stick like the rest of them before
stone-song of waters;
anybody was going to say any-
Nor again on path pebbles,
As a youth, Mr. Warren went to
of Amherst College, who wrote in The
noon-plain, see
school in Guthrie and then entered
New York Times Book Review that M
thing. In a town like Mason City
the bench in front of the harness
The old rattler's fat belly twist
Vanderbilt University. It was the deci-
Warren was "no one-note dweller 0
shop is or was 20 years ago be-
and distend
sive act of his life. There he encoun-
remembrance."
As it coiled, and the rattles up
tered Ransom, Tate, Donald Davidson,
Professor Pritchard wrote that hi
fore the conrete slab got laid down
from dust rise
Merrill Moore and others - "poets and
favorite poem in all of Mr. Warren'
- the place where Time gets tan-
gled in its own feet and lies down
To vibrate mica-bright, in the
arguers," he called them - who turned
oeuvre was one of the new ones, "Afte
like an old hound and gives up the
sun's beam;
him from the study of engineering to
the Dinner Party," about a couple tar
struggle.
Nor again, from below, on the
the study of literature. He later did
"All the King's Men," Har-
cliff's over-thrust,
graduate work at the University of
court, Brace, 1946.
Catch a glimpse of the night-
California and at Yale, and went to Ox-
ford as a Rhodes Scholar.
crouching cougar's eyes
Dámaso Pérez
That, in my flashlight's strong
On his return to the United States,
beam, had burned
Mr. Warren taught for a while at South-
The nurse is still here. Then
Coal-bright as they swung,
western College in Memphis and at
Vanderbilt, then moved on to Louisiana
Dámaso Pérez Prado, the ba
She is not here. You
Detached, contemptuous, and
leader who helped start a North Ame
slow,
State University at Baton Rouge.
Are here but are not sure
ican mambo craze in the 1950's, di
It is you in the sudden darkness.
Into the pine woods' mounting
Unprovincial Provincial Review
Thursday at his home in Mexico Ci
No matter.
mass
after a stroke. He was 72 years old.
Of darkness that, eventually,
There, in 1935, he founded and edited,
Mr. Pérez Prado was born in Cub
A damned nuisance, but trivial
Ahead, would blot out, star by
with Mr. Brooks and Charles W. Pipkin,
and studied classical piano. He per
-
The surgeon has just said that.
star,
The Southern Review, one of the note-
formed in the early 40's with a wel
The slot of the sky-slice that
worthy and substantive magazines of
known Cuban group, Casino de I
A dress rehearsal,
You tell yourself, for
now
I
its time. Though it claimed to express
Playa, and in 1948 he moved to Mexic
Moved under, and on to dinner
"the regional and sectional piety" of
The real thing. Later. Ten
and began recording mambos.
and bed.
the editors, it was far from a provincial
years? Fifteen?
After Sonny Burke, the American
effort and was read eagerly throughout
band leader, released a version of Mr
Tomorrow, only a dry run. At
5 A.M. they will come. Your
And to sleep - and even in
the country.
Pérez Prado's "Qué Rico el Mambo'
hand reaches out in dark-
sleep to feel
In 1942, in another major move, Mr.
as "More Mambo," RCA Record
Warren accepted a professorship at the
began releasing Mr. Pérez Prado's
ness
The nag and pretensions of day
To the TV button. It is an old-
dissolve
University of Minnesota. In 1950 he
own recordings to the pop market. With
And flow away in the musical
moved to Yale, where he became a pro-
fashioned western.
such recordings as "Mambo No. 8" and
Winchester fire flicks white in
murmur
fessor of English in 1961.
"Patricia," he became the first big
Of water; then to wake in dark
Although he never returned to live in
band mambo player to reach non-Latir
the dream-night.
with some strange
the South, he remained the essential
audiences in the United States. In hi
It has something to do with vice
and virtue, and the vastness
Heart-hope, undefinable, verg-
Southerner, and all his fiction is built
first West Coast tour, in 1951, he playe
Of moonlit desert. A stallion,
ing to tears
on Southern life. But his attitude to-
for mixed audiences in the thousands.
Of happiness and the soul's
ward the region changed. Early in his
white and flashing, slips,
According to John Storm Roberts'
calm.
career he had contributed to the fa-
Like spilled quicksilver, across
"Latin Tinge," a history of Lati
mous "I'll Take My Stand," a volume
The vastness of moonlight.
American music, Mr. Pérez Prado "de
that opposed the coming of industrial-
Black
veloped a bright octave sound with a
Stalks of cacti, like remnants of
How long ago! But in years
ism to the South and argued for an al-
ingenious and fairly simple use of CO
forgotten nightmares, loom
since,
most antebellum structure of society.
trasts between brass and reeds, an
Near at hand. Action fades into
On other trails, in the shadow of
Mr. Warren's essay in the book could
punchy rhythm sections based on suc
distance, but
What other cliffs, in lands with
You are not sure that virtue will
names
triumph. Far beyond
Crank on the tongue, I have felt
Deaths
All the world, the mountains lift.
my boots
Deaths
The snow peaks
Crush gravel, or press the
BEN-ISRAEL-Shelomo, of Hollis,
FABRICANT-E and Solomon
soundlessness
NY, age 82. On September 15, 1989.
Beloved parents of Ruth Lowell,
Ben-Israel, Shelomo
Joyce
Float into moonlight. They float
Survived by his wife Tina, brother
Peter J. Fabricant and Sarah Cor-
Berman, Tillie
Of detritus of pine or fir, and
Kleinr
In that unnamable altitude of
David, of Israel, two daughters,
bin. Cherished grandparents of
Coleman, Richard
heard
Batsheva, of Israel, Shulamith, of
Kwint
Rebecca. Service Sunday, 2PM at
white light. God
New York, eight grandchildren
"The Riverside" 76 St and Amster-
Douglas, R.
Leibs
Loves the world. For what it is.
Movement of water, far, how
and four great-grandchildren in Is-
dam Ave NYC. In lieu of flowers,
Fabricant, Bessie
Manst
far
rael and the United States. He was
contributions may be made to St
Fabricant, Solomon
a journalist for the Boston Globe
Maste
From "Three Darknesses, III,"
Luke's School, 487 Hudson St.,
and The Jewish Daily Forward
New and Selected Poems (1923-
NYC 10014 or NYU Medical Cen-
Goldberg, Morris
Matlin
Or waking under nameless
and a radio commentator on sta-
fer, Faculty Friends Campaign, 550
Hohenwald, Richard
McCa
1985), Random House, 1985.
stars,
tion WEVD for 38 years. Funeral
First Ave, NY 10016
services at Parkside Memorial,
Have heard such redemptive
Rego Park, Queens, Sunday, Sep-
FABRICANT-Solomon & Bessie
music, from
tember 17, 10:30am.
The Department of Economics of
New York University deeply
HOHENWALD - Richard Ke
Beloved nephew of Rosem
I saw the hawk ride updraft in
Distance to distance threading
mourns the passing of their es-
Galway Neall and her husb
feemed colleague and friend,
the sunset over Wyoming.
starlight,
BEN-ISRAEL-Shlomo We deeply
Professor Solomon Fabricant and
Frank. He will be sadly missed
mourn the passing of our es-
It rose from coniferous dark-
Able yet, as long ago,
his wife Bessie.
teemed Vice President, lifelong
ness, past gray jags
Despite scum of wastage and
distinguished Jewish journalist and
GOLDBERG-Morris Jacob, Au-
JOYCE-Morton Dean. Belo
radio commentator, whose friend-
gust 20, 1901 to September 14, 1989.
husband of Betty J. Boyle; to
Of mercilessness, past white-
scab of years,
ship and services to the Jewish
Beloved husband of Elsie Hirsch
father of Ann Joyce Wyman
ness, into the gloaming
to touch again the heart, as
Goldberg. Father of Caryl Kolkin,
Lucy Curley Joyce Bren
community will always be re-
Bernard Goldberg and Helene
adored grandfather of Joyce L
Of dream-spectral light above.
though at a dawn
membered with pride. We express
Spielman Torker. Father-in-law of
rence Brennan, Anne Lind
our sympathy to the bereaved
Brennan and Anne Berrien
the last purity of snow-
Of dew-bright Edenic promise,
family.
Marvin Kolkin, Marvin Torker, the
late Monica Dennis Goldberg and
man. Funeral service will be
with,
Federation of Polish Jews
snags.
the late Marvin Spielman. Grand-
at Frank E. Campbell Fun
Kalman Sultanik, President
father of Mitchell and Kathy Kolk-
Home, 81st St and Madison A
Far off, far off, in verdurous
in, Jon and Cee Kolkin, Seth and
10AM, Monday, Sept 18, 1989
There west were the
shade, first birdsong.
BERMAN-Tillie. Bar-llan Universi-
Anne Kolkin, Steven and Jimmy
lieu of flowers, contributions r
ty in Israel extends its sincerest
Spielman, Sharon and Kenneth
be made to St. Luke's Roose
Tetons. Snow-peaks would
"Far West Once," "New and
Levitsky, Pamela and Teri Gold-
Hospital Center, Amsterdam
soon be
condolences to Mr. Jacob Ber-
and 114th St.
Selected Poems (1923-1985),
man, a member of our American
berg. Great grandfather of Zacke-
In dark profile to break constel-
Random House, 1985.
Board of Overseers, on the loss of
ry, Thomas, Charles, Melanie and
his beloved mother. We pray that
Laira Kolkin. Brother of Gertrude
JOYCE-Morton D., died Sept
lations. Beyond what height.
he will not only derive solace from
Sheft and Barnett H. and Samuel
ber 12, in Maine. He is survive
Hangs now the black speck? Be-
Inspiring memories but also from
J. Goldberg. Services at Riverside
his wife, Betty J. Boyle;
yond what range will gold
his continuing commitment to the
Chapel, 76 St and Amsterdam Ave,
daughters, Mrs. Anne Wyman
service of our people and
Friday, September 15th, 10 AM. In
Mrs. Lucy Curley Brennan;
Ahead, would blot out, star by
with Mr. Brooks and Charles W. Pipkin,
and studied classical piano
The surgeon has just said that.
star,
The Southern Review, one of the note-
formed in the early 40's will
The slot of the sky-slice that
worthy and substantive magazines of
known Cuban group, Casi
A dress rehearsal,
You tell yourself, for
now I
its time. Though it claimed to express
Playa, and in 1948 he moved
Moved under, and on to dinner
"the regional and sectional piety" of
and began recording mambos
The real thing. Later. Ten
and bed.
the editors, it was far from a provincial
After Sonny Burke, the
years? Fifteen?
effort and was read eagerly throughout
band leader, released a vers
Tomorrow, only a dry run. At
5 A.M. they will come. Your
And to sleep and even in
the country.
Pérez Prado's "Qué Rico el
sleep to feel
In 1942, in another major move, Mr.
as "More Mambo," RCA
hand reaches out in dark-
The nag and pretensions of day
Warren accepted a professorship at the
began releasing Mr. Pérez
ness
dissolve
University of Minnesota. In 1950 he
To the TV button. It is an old-
own recordings to the pop ma
And flow away in the musical
moved to Yale, where he became a pro-
such recordings as "Mambo
fashioned western.
Winchester fire flicks white in
murmur
fessor of English in 1961.
"Patricia," he became the
Although he never returned to live in
band mambo player to reach
the dream-night.
Of water; then to wake in dark
It has something to do with vice
with some strange
the South, he remained the essential
audiences in the United Stat
Heart-hope, undefinable, verg-
Southerner, and all his fiction is built
and virtue, and the vastness
first West Coast tour, in 1951,
Of moonlit desert. A stallion,
ing to tears
on Southern life. But his attitude to-
for mixed audiences in the the
Of happiness and the soul's
ward the region changed. Early in his
white and flashing, slips,
According to John Storm
calm.
career he had contributed to the fa-
Like spilled quicksilver, across
"Latin Tinge," a history
mous "I'll Take My Stand," a volume
The vastness of moonlight.
American music, Mr. Pérez
that opposed the coming of industrial-
Black
veloped a bright octave soun
How long ago! But in years
ism to the South and argued for an al-
Stalks of cacti, like remnants of
ingenious and fairly simple
since,
most antebellum structure of society.
trasts between brass and
forgotten nightmares, loom
On other trails, in the shadow of
Mr. Warren's essay in the book could
Near at hand. Action fades into
punchy rhythm sections base
distance, but
What other cliffs, in lands with
You are not sure that virtue will
names
triumph. Far beyond
Crank on the tongue, I have felt
Deaths
my boots
Deaths
All the world, the mountains lift.
The snow peaks
Crush gravel, or press the
BEN-ISRAEL-Shelomo, of Hollis,
FABRICANT-Bessie and Solomon
soundlessness
NY, age 82. On September 15, 1989.
Beloved parents of Ruth Lowell,
Ben-Israel, Shelomo
Float into moonlight. They float
Survived by his wife Tina, brother
Of detritus of pine or fir, and
Peter J. Fabricant and Sarah Cor-
Berman, Tillie
In that unnamable altitude of
David, of Israel, two daughters,
bin. Cherished grandparents of
Coleman, Richard
heard
Batsheva, of Israel, Shulamith, of
Rebecca, Service Sunday, 2PM at
white light. God
New York, eight grandchildren
Movement of water, far, how
"The Riverside" 76 St and Amster-
Douglas, R.
Loves the world, For what it is.
and four great-grandchlldren in Is-
dam Ave NYC. In lleu of flowers,
Fabricant, Bessle
far
rael and the United States. He was
contributions may be made to St
Fabricant, Solomon
From "Three Darknesses, III,"
a journalist for the Boston Globe
Luke's School, 487 Hudson St.,
and The Jewish Daily Forward
New and Selected Poems (1923-
NYC 10014 or NYU Medical Cen-
Goldberg, Morris
Or waking under nameless
and a radio commentator on sta-
ter, Faculty Friends Campaign, 550
Hohenwold, Richard
1985), Random House, 1985.
stars,
flon WEVD for 38 years. Funeral
First Ave, NY 10016
services at Parkside Memorial,
Have heard such redemptive
Rego Park, Queens, Sunday, Sep-
FABRICANT-Solomor & Bessie
The Department of Economics of
HOHENWALD
music, from
tember 17, 10:30am.
New York University deeply
Beloved nephew
I saw the hawk ride updraft in
Distance to distance threading
mourns the passing of their es-
Galway Neall and
teemed colleague and friend,
the sunset over Wyoming.
starlight,
BEN-ISRAEL-Shlomo. We deeply
Fronk. He will be sad
Professor Solomon Fabricant and
mourn the passing of our es-
It rose from coniferous dark-
Able yet, as long ago,
his wife Bessie.
teemed Vice President, lifelong
Despite scum of wastage and
distinguished Jewish journalist and
GOLDBERG-Morris Jacob, Au-
JOYCE-Morton De
ness, past gray jags
gust 20, 1901 to September 14, 1989.
husband of Befly J.
radio commentator, whose friend-
Of mercilessness, past white-
scab of years,
ship and services to the Jewish
Beloved husband of Elsie Hirsch
father of Ann Joyce
ness, into the gloaming
to touch again the heart, as
community will always be re-
Goldberg. Father of Caryl Kolkin,
Lucy Curley Joyd
though at a dawn
membered with pride. We express
Bernard Goldberg and Helene
adored grandfather
Of dream-spectral light above.
our sympathy to the bereaved
Splelman Torker. Father-in-law of
rence Brennan, An
the last purity of snow-
family.
Marvin Kolkin, Marvin Torker, the
Brennan and Anne
Of dew-bright Edenic promise,
late Monica Dennis Goldberg and
man. Funeral service
with,
Federation of Polish Jews
snags.
the late Marvin Splelman. Grand-
at Frank E. Camp
Kalman Sultanik, President
Far off, far off, in verdurous
father of Mitchell and Kathy Kolk-
Home, 81st St and N
in, Jon and Cee Kolkin, Seth and
10AM, Monday, Sept
There west were the
shade, first birdsong.
BERMAN-Tille. Bar-llan Universi-
Anne Kolkin, Steven and Jimmy
lleu of flowers, contr
Tetons. Snow-peaks would
tv In Israel extends Its sincerest
Spleiman, Sharon and Kenneth
be made to St. Luke
"Far West Once," "New and
Levitsky, Pamela and Terl Gold-
Hospital Center, Ams
soon be
condolences to Mr. Jacob Ber-
man, a member of our American
berg. Great grandfather of Zacke-
and 114th-St.
Selected Poems (1923-1985),'
In dark profile to break constel-
Random House, 1985.
Board of Overseers, on the loss of
ry, Thomas, Charles, Melanie and
his beloved mother. We pray that
Laira Kolkin. Brother of Gertrude
JOYCE-Morton D., d
lations. Beyond what height.
he will not only derive solace from
Sheft and Barnett H. and Samuel
ber 12, in Maine. He is
Hangs now the black speck? Be-
Inspiring memories but also from
J. Goldberg. Services of Riverside
his wife, Betty J..
yond what range will gold
his continuing commitment to the
Chapel, 76 St and Amsterdam Ave,
daughters, Mrs. Anne
service of our people and our
Friday, September 15th, 10 AM. In
Mrs. Lucy Curley B
eyes see
heritage.
lleu of flowers please send contri-
three granddaughter
New ranges rise to mark a last
Long ago, in Kentucky, I, a boy,
Rabbi Emanuel Rackman,
butions to charity of choice. Shiva
services to be held at
Chancellor
will be observed at 1067 5th Ave.
day, September 18 at
scrawl of light?
stood
Bya dirt road in first dark, and
Ludwig Jesselson, Chairman,
GOLDBERG-Morris J. The Board
Campbell Funeral Hor
Global Board of Trustees
of Trustees and the Staff of The
dison Ave at 81 St. In
Or, having tasted that atmos-
heard
Belda Lindenbaum, President,
Jewish Museum extend their
ers, donations to the
The great geese hoot north-
deepest sympothy to their dedicat-
Roosevelt Hospital 0
American Board of Overseers
phere's thinness, does it
ed Trustee, Mr.Bernard Goldberg
sterdam Ave and 1
Having motionless in dying vi-
ward.
on the passing of his fother Morris
10027 would be apprec
sion before
COLEMAN-Richard J. On Sep-
J. Goldberg, a friend of the Jewish
tember 14. Dear son of Marle
Museum. Our condolences to
KLEINMAN-Jacob. TI
It knows it will accept the mor-
I could not see them; there
Coleman and the late Daniel Cole-
Bernard, Mrs. Elsie Goldberg and
trustees and admini
tal limit,
being no moon
man; brother of Donna Faulkner;
all their family.
Westchester Day School
And the stars sparse. I heard
beloved friend of William Hogan.
Morris W. Offit,
the loss of Jacob Klein
And swing into the great circu-
Funeral mass Sunday, September
Chairman of the Board
father of the school's
lar downwardness that will
them
17 at 2 PM, Christ and St Stephen's
Joan Rosenbaum, Director
honorary president Ber
Episcopal Church, 120 West 69 St.
HOHENWALD - Richard Keller,
Kleinman and extend 180
restore
in lleu of flowers, donations to
Suddenly In his 49th year, of New
deepest sympathies on
Items, and the darkness of
I did not know what was hap-
Christ and St Stephen's Church In
York City. Devoted son of Alice,
ces to the family.
pening in my heart.
Richard's memory would be
(nee Galway) Hohenwald of E.
Gary Fragin
whatever dream we clutch?
greatly appreciated. Burial will be
Quogue, Lf. Predeceased by his
Stephanie Trump
private and at a later date.
father, Heinz Hohenwold, on Sep-
Board
From "Mortal Limit," "New
and Selected Poems (1923-1985);'
It was the season before the
tember 25, 1988. Also survived by
Rabbi Chaim
numerous cousins of the Little-
Has
Random House, 1985.
elderberry blooms,
DOUGLAS-R. Gordon. The De-
field, Galway, Cosgrove-Golway,
Therefore they were going
partment of Obstetrics and Gyne-
Neall, Kelly-lbe, and Kelly-Hamil-
KWINT-Frank. On Sep
cology of The New York Hospital
ton families and countless loving
1989. Beloved husband
north.
Cornell Medical Center notes with
friends. Visiting at O'Shea's Funer-
Frances Kwint. Devot
deep regret the passing of R. Gor-
at Home, Hampton Bays, LI. on
of Alvin Kwint. Service
don Douglas, M.D., Emeritus
Saturday and Sunday. Mass at St.
12 Noon, at Frank E.
The sound was passing north-
Professor of OB/GYN, Cornell Me-
Rosalie's R.C. Church, Monday,
1076 Madison Avenue and
Aloud, I said, with-a slight stir of
ward.
dical Center and retired Director
9:45AM Hampton Bays. Interment
heart,
of The Lying-In Hospital. We ex-
E. Quogue cemetery, LI.
LEIBSON-Lillian. On
From "Tell Me a Story," "New
tend our condolences to the fami-
HOHENWALD - Richard Keller,
"The last time". and thought,
15, 1989. Beloved wife
and Selected Poems (1923-1985),
ly. We will remember Dr. Douglas
Friends of Richard's invite all to a
Sidney, loving mother
years thence, to a time
forever an outstanding teacher,
memorial service Monday, Sep-
and Bill, dear sister
Random House, 1985.
friend, and mentor.
tember 25, 1989, at the Church of
Schwartz. Service or
Department OB/GYN
the Epiphany, York Ave. and 74th
12:30PM at "The Rive
William J. Ledger, Chairman
St., NYC, at 8 PM.
Street and Amsterdam
crouching cougar eyes
On his return to the United States;
That, in my flashlight's strong
Mr. Warren taught for a while at South-
beam, had burned
western College in Memphis and at
Dámaso Pérez Prado, the band
fine percussionists as
Coal-bright as they swung,
Vanderbilt, then moved on to Louisiana
leader who helped start a North Amer-
maria." Some of his
Detached; contemptuous, and
State University at Baton Rouge.
ican mambo craze in the 1950's, died
songs, like "Moliendo (
slow,
Thursday at his home in Mexico City
simplified and diluted Ci
Into the pine woods' mounting
Unprovincial Provincial Review
after a stroke. He was 72 years old.
but Mr. Pérez Prado
mass
There, in 1935, he founded and edited,
Mr. Pérez Prado was born in Cuba
mented with jazz and rd
trivial
Of darkness that, eventually,
with Mr. Brooks and Charles W. Pipkin,
and studied classical piano. He per-
extended compositions li
Ahead, would blot out, star by
The Southern Review, one of the note-
formed in the early 40's with a well-
Para Bongó." His popula
that.
star,
worthy and substantive magazines of
known Cuban group, Casino de la
peak in the mid-1950's
The slot of the sky-slice that
its time. Though it claimed to express
Playa, and in 1948 he moved to Mexico
and the cha-cha "Cher
now I
"the regional and sectional piety" of
and began recording mambos.
Apple-Blossom White," a
Moved under, and on to dinner
the editors, it was far from a provincial
After Sonny Burke, the American
in 1955.
and bed.
effort and was read eagerly throughout
band leader, released a version of Mr.
At
the country.
Pérez Prado's "Qué Rico el Mambo"
And to sleep and even in
In 1942, in another major move, Mr.
as "More Mambo," RCA Records
Stuart P. Go
sleep to feel
Warren accepted a professorship at the
began releasing Mr. Pérez Prado's
The nag and pretensions of day
own recordings to the pop market. With
Financial Plann
University of Minnesota. In 1950 he
dissolve
moved to Yale, where he became a pro-
such recordings as "Mambo No. 8" and
And flow away in the musical
Stuart P. Gassel, a fina
fessor of English in 1961.
"Patricia," he became the first big-
executive with the Tra
murmur
in
Although he never returned to live in
band mambo player to reach non-Latin
Of water; then to wake in dark
nies of Hartford, died d
the South, he remained the essential
audiences in the United States. In his
with some strange
Wednesday in Chicago
vice
Southerner, and all his fiction is built
first West Coast tour, in 1951, he played
Heart-hope, undefinable, verg-
years old and lived in (
istness
on Southern life. But his attitude to-
for mixed audiences in the thousands.
ing to tears
Chappaquiddick Island,
ward the region changed. Early in his
According to John Storm Roberts's
Of happiness and the soul's
career he had contributed to the fa-
"Latin Tinge," a history of Latin
calm.
across
mous "I'll Take My Stand," a volume
American music, Mr. Pérez Prado "de-
He is survived by his W
that opposed the coming of industrial-
veloped a bright octave sound with an
Virginia Stearns; a daug
ism to the South and argued for an al-
ingenious and fairly simple use of con-
and a son, James, both d
How long ago! But in years
of
most antebellum structure of society.
trasts between brass and reeds, and
mother, Lillian, of Wynd
since,
loom
Mr. Warren's essay in the book could
punchy rhythm sections based on such
sister, Marsha Potchtar
On other trails, in the shadow of
into
What other cliffs, in lands with
names
will
Crank on the tongue, I have felt
Deaths
Deaths
Draths
my boots
lift.
Crush gravel, or press the
BEN-ISRAEL-Shelomo, of Hollis,
FABRICANT-Bessie and Solomon
Ben-Israel, Shelomo
Joyce, Morton
McGowan, John
NY, age 82. On September 15, 1989.
Beloved parents of Ruth Lowell,
soundlessness
Survived by his wife Tina, brother
Peter J. Fabricant and Sarah Cor-
Berman, Tille
Kleinman, Jacob
Reinert, Robert
float
Of detritus of pine or fir, and
David, of Israel, two daughters,
bin. Cherished grandparents of
Coleman, Richard
Kwint, Frank
Russo, Julia
of
Batsheva, of Israel, Shulamith, of
Rebecca. Service Sunday, 2PM at
heard
Douglas, R.
Lelbson, Lillian
Scarpati, Vittorio
New York, eight grandchlldren
"The Riverside" 76 St and Amster-
Movement of water, far, how
and four great-grandchlldren In Is-
dam Ave NYC. In lleu of flowers,
Fabricant, Bessie
Mansbach, Fred
Selchow, Richard
it
is.
rael and the United States. He was
contributions may be made to St
Fabricant, Solomon
Master, Arthur
Wilson, Anthony
far
a journalist for the Boston Globe
Luke's School, 487 Hudson St.,
Goldberg, Morris
Matlin, David
Wurmfeld, Charles
III,"
and The Jewish Daily Forward
NYC 10014 or NYU Medical Cen-
Hohenwold, Richard
McCarthy, Jane
(1923-
Or waking under nameless
and a radio commentator on sta-
fer, Faculty Friends Campaign, 550
tion WEVD for 38 years. Funeral
First Ave, NY 10016
stars,
services at Parkside Memorial,
FABRICANT-Solomon & Bessle
Have heard such redemptive
Rego Park, Queens, Sunday, Sep-
The Department of Economics of
HOHENWALD - Richard Keller.
MANSBACH-Fred S. Age 84.
tember 17, 10:30am.
music, from
New York University deeply
Beloved nephew of Rosemary
voted husband of Gerda, lo
mourns the passing of their es-
Galway Neall and her husband
father of Evy Tishelman-Kar
in
Distance to distance threading
teemed colleague and friend,
Frank. He will be sadiy missed.
belas. Dear brother-In-law of
BEN-ISRAEL-Shlomo. We deeply
Professor Solomon Fabricant and
starlight,
dia Mansbach. Funeral serv
mourn the passing of our es-
his wife Bessie.
Able yet, as long ago,
teemed Vice President, lifelong
JOYCE-Morton Dean. Beloved
Sunday, 1:30 at Schwartz Brot
GOLDBERG-Morris Jacob, Au-
distinguished Jewish journalist and
husband of Betty J. Boyle; loving
"Forest Park Chapel" Queens
Despite scum of wastage and
gust 20, 1901 to September 14, 1989.
radio commentator, whose friend-
father of Ann Joyce Wyman and
at 76 Rd, Forest Hills.
Beloved husband of Elsie Hirsch
scab of years,
ship and services to the Jewish
LUCY Curley Joyce Brennon;
Goldberg. Father of Caryl Kolkin,
community will always be re-
adored grandfather of Joyce Law-
to touch again the heart, as
Bernard Goldberg and Helene
membered with pride. We express
rence Brennan, Anne Lindsley
MASTER-Arthur M. Physicis
though at a dawn
Spielman Torker. Father-In-law of
our sympathy to the bereaved
Brennan and Anne Berrien Wy-
vestor, entrepreneur and amd
above.
Marvin Kolkin, Marvin Torker, the
Of dew-bright Edenic promise,
family.
man. Funeral service will be held
pilot, died after a long fight
late Monico Dennis Goldberg and
Federation of Pollsh Jews
of Frank E. Campbell Funeral
cancer on Sept 12, 1989 at the
with,
the late Marvin Spielman. Grand-
Kalman Sultanik, President
Home, 81st St and Madison Ave,
cal Center of the National
father of Mitchell and Kothy Kolk-
10AM, Monday, Sept 18, 1989, In
tutes of Health In Bethesda,
Far off, far off, in verdurous
In, Jon and Cee Kolkin, Seth and
lieu of flowers, contributions may
He is survived by his sisters
shade, first birdsong.
Anne Kolkin, Steven and Jimmy
BERMAN-Tille. Bar-tian Universi-
be made to St. Luke's Roosevelt
milla Rosenfeld, and Edit!
Splelman, Sharon and Kenneth
ty in Israel extends its sincerest
Hospital Center, Amsterdam Ave
Master, his nephews,
vould
"Far West Once," "New and
Levitsky, Pamela and Terl Gold-
condolences to Mr. Jacob Ber-
and 114th-St.
Arthur, Herbert, and Dr. Step
berg. Great grandfather of Zacke-
Rosenfeld, niece Hildi Silbert
Selected Poems (1923-1985),'
man, a member of our American
ry, Thomas, Charles, Melanie and
constel-
Board of Overseers, on the loss of
Laira Kolkin. Brother of Gertrude
JOYCE-Morton D., died Septem-
brother-in-law, Dr. Isddore
Random House, 1985.
Rosenfeld and a host of dev
his beloved mother. We pray that
Sheft and Barnett H. and Samuel
ber 12, In Maine. He is survived by
height.
friends and relatives. He W
he will not only derive solace from
J. Goldberg. Services at Riverside
his wife, Betty J.. Boyle; two
Be-
Inspiring memories but also from
daughters, Mrs. Anne Wyman and
graduate of Horace Mann '49,
Chapel, 76 St and Amsterdam Ave,
Harvard College '53, and Har
his continuing commitment to the
Friday, September 15th, 10 AM. In
Mrs. LUCY Curley Brennan; and
gold
Business School '55. Interment
service of our people and our
lleu of flowers please send contri-
three granddaughters. Funeral
heritage.
services to be held at 10 AM, Mon-
private. Memorial service
butions to charity of choice. Shiva
Sept 17, 2:30pm, at the home o
Long ago, in Kentucky, I, a boy,
Rabbl Emanuel Rackman,
will be observed at 1067 5th Ave.
day, September 18 at the Frank E.
a
last
Chancellor
Campbell Funeral Home, 1076 Ma-
Rosenfelds. Contributions in
stood
Ludwig Jesselson, Chairman,
GOLDBERG-Morris J. The Board
dison Ave at 81 St. In lleu of flow-
memory to the National Co
Bya dirt road in first dark, and
Global Board of Trustees
of Trustees and the Staff of The
ers, donations to the St Luke's-
institute, Directors Gift Fund,
Jewish Museum extend their
9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda
heard
Belda Lindenbaum, President,
Roosevelt Hospital Center, Am-
American Board of Overseers
deepest sympothy to their dedicat-
sterdam Ave and 114 St, NYC
20892, would be appreciated.
The great geese hoot north-
ed Trustee, Mr.Bernard Goldberg
10027 would be appreciated.
it
on the passing of his father Morris
ward.
vi-
COLEMAN-Richard J. On Sep-
J. Goldberg, a friend of the Jewish
MATLIN-David. Beloved hus
Museum. Our condolences to
KLEINMAN-Jacob. The Board of
tember 14. Dear son of Marie
trustees and administration of
of Violet, dear father of Rod
Bernard, Mrs. Elsie Goldberg and
1 could not see them; there
Coleman and the late Daniel Cole-
Westchester Day School mourn
Dean, Jeffrey, Steven
all their family.
mor-
man; brother of Donna Faulkner;
Charles, Loving brother
being no moon
beloved friend of William Hogan.
Morris W. Offit,
the loss of Jacob Kleinman,
Chairman of the Board
father of the school's esteemed
Martha. Adored grandfather.
And the stars sparse. I heard
Funeral mass Sunday, September
vices Sun, Garlick Funeral H
circu-
Joan Rosenbaum, Director
honorary president Bernard
17 of 2 PM, Christ and St Stephen's
1091 Yonkers Ave, 12:30 PM.
will
them.
Episcopal Church, 120 West 69 St.
HOHENWALD - Richard Keller.
Kleinman and extend their
Suddenly in his 49th year, of New
deepest sympathies and condolen-
In lleu of flowers, donations to
I did not know what was hap-
York City. Devoted son of Alice,
ces to the family.
Christ and St Stephen's Church In
Gary Fragin, President
McCARTHY- V. (Jean),
of
Richard's memory would be
(nee Galway) Hohenwald of E.
Stephanie Trump, Chairman
Harvey. On Sept. 15, 1989. Fo
clutch?
pening in my heart.
greatly appreciated. Burial will be
Quogue, LI. Predeceased by his
Board of Trustees
resident of Breezy Point. Bel
private and at a later date.
father, Heinz Hohenwald, on Sep-
Rabbi Chaim Feuerman,
wife of the late John 1. Dey
tember 25, 1988. Also survived by
"New
Headmaster
mother of Joan T. Burns; Ju
It was the season before the
numerous cousins of the Little-
Rogers and the late Jane A. S
elderberry blooms,
DOUGLAS-R. Gordon. The De-
fleid, Galway, Cosgrove-Galway,
er. Loving grandmother of
partment of Obstetrics and Gyne-
Neall, Kelly-lbe, and Kelly-Hamil-
KWINT-Frank.-On September 15,
teen and great-grandmothe
Therefore they were going
cology of The New York Hospital
ton families and countless loving
1989. Beloved husband of the late
nine. Reposing at Denis S. 0
north.
Cornell Medical Center notes with
friends. Visiting at O'Shea's Funer-
Frances Kwint. Devoted brother
nor Funeral Home, 91-05 B
deep regret the passing of R. Gor-
al Home, Hampton Bays, LI. on
of Alvin Kwint. Service Monday,
Channel Drive, Rockaway B
don Douglas, M.D., Emeritus
Saturday and Sunday. Mass at Sf.
12 Noon, at Frank E. Campbell,
Funeral Tuesday. Mass of o
Rosalie's R.C. Church, Monday,
1076 Madison Avenue at 81 Street.
The sound was passing north-
Professor of OB/GYN, Cornell Me-
tian burial 10 AM at St. Edm
ward.
dical Center and retired Director
9:45AM Hampton Boys. Interment
Church, Breezy Point. Inter
stir
of
of The Lying-In Hospital. We ex-
E. Quogue cemetery, LI.
LEIBSON-Lillian. On September
Gate of Heaven Cemetery.
From "Tell Me a Story,' "New
tend our condolences to the fami-
HOHENWALD - Richard Keller,
15, 1989. Beloved wife of the late
Ing Sunday and Monday 2-5 d
ly. We will remember Dr. Douglas
Friends of Richard's invite all to a
Sidney, loving mother of Paula
9 PM. In lieu of flowers, donc
hought,
and Selected Poems (1923-1985),
forever.as an outstanding teacher,
memorial service Monday, Sep-
and Bill, dear sister of Rose
may be made to the Jane
Random House, 1985.
friend, and mentor.
tember 25, 1989, at the Church of
Schwartz. Service on Sunday,
Souther Memorial Fund, c/o
Department OB/GYN
the Epiphany, York Ave. and 74th
12:30PM at "The Riverside", 76
Cove Community Hospital,
William J. Ledger, Chairman
St., NYC, at PM.
Street and Amsterdam Ave., NYC
Cove, LI, NY.
Thank
working
sire for what he calls evolutionary
the marchers, as it had in Cape Town.
stores.
intended to pre-empt
change in South Africa.
In Port Elizabeth, the city on the Indian
Softer Soviet Tone on Baltics
Government action
The fina
While it is still unclear what political
Ocean, about 100 lawyers held placards
fears about the DC-10,
After weeks of official criticism of
ny, which
with difficulties. The
steps the new President contemplates
during lunch hour to express solidarity
Baltic nationalism, President Gorba-
the huge
on Administration will
in such negotiations, the change in the
chev called for compromise with
quisition
Continued on Page 7, Column 1
airlines to install the
leaders of the three republics. Page 6.
Campeau
obert Buckhorn, an
suggest th
will chang
an.
ep forward in insuring
Robert Penn Warren, Poet and Author, Dies
shifting fr
either Am
no repetition" of the
ership. Su
said Adm. James B.
of the aviation agency,
Robert Penn Warren, a three-time
lead to con
winner of the Pulitzer Prize and the
and less ap
Transportation Safety
first Poet Laureate of the United
Olympia
tigating the July 19
States, died of cancer yesterday at his
oper owne
on the tail engine that
summer home in Stratton, Vt. He was
already ha
84 years old and lived in Fairfield
stock and
investigators suspect
County, Conn.
number of
's "rotor disk," is still
Mr. Warren, whose best-known work
loan.
apparently fallen
was the novel "All the King's Men,"
Campea
Page 10, Column 3
was a writer who enjoyed popular
favor without sacrificing the respect of
Continu
SIDE
the Academy of Arts and Letters. His
novels were on best-seller lists, were
chosen by book clubs and were made
into successful motion pictures.
Wav
an Shelved
After the publication in 1946 of "All
istration announced
the King's Men," Sinclair Lewis hailed
On
up the widely criti,
Mr. Warren as "the most talented
oporting the Nicara-
writer of the South and one of the most
presidential candi-
important writers of the country." The
from the National
novel brought Mr. Warren his first Pu-
emocracy. Page 3.
litzer Prize, and the 1949 film version
won the Academy Award for best pic-
WASHING
ture of the year.
Agree to Talk
pect of huge
'A Valiant Warrior'
AIDS drug
representatives of
overnment and left-
He was also a poet of complex and in-
protests aga
come Compa
greed to monthly
tricate works dotted with philosophical
turer.
tiations to end the
reflections - poetry he knew would ap-
Advocates
civil war. Page 3.
peal to a small group of readers.
His old friend, the educator and
organizing b
products, and
cky Flats
writer Cleanth Brooks, said yesterday,
"He was a gentle and fine spirit, a val-
considering
law that wou
Rocky Flats weap-
iant warrior for the truth, and one of
ado threatened to
our very finest poets."
to infringe on
they were guaran-
It was in 1986 and 1987 that Mr. War-
make larger
The New York Times
m prosecution for
ren served as Poet Laureate.
Robert Penn Warren was the first Poet Laureate of the United States.
Recent find
posal. Page 9.
The current laureate, Howard
number of p
Nemerov, said yesterday: 'All the
Savings Unit
King's Men' is certainly one of the
great American novels." He also
Fear Grows Over Effects of a New Smok
owners and some
praised Mr. Warren's poetry.
d Lincoln Savings
cketeering, fraud
Influential Teaching Figure
By KATHERINE BISHOP
During his long career, Mr. Warren
phetamine, a synthetic stimulant of the
their personal use
J. Bennett, the
Special to The New York Times
unds. Page 33.
wrote learned articles for the little
nervous system that is a form of am-
rector. "Exper
magazines - one of which, The South-
HONOLULU, Sept. 13 - The use of
phetamine.
smokable met
ern Review, he co-edited - on such
smokable methamphetamine, which
"There is an urgent need to stop the
the drug plague
Readers
writers as William Faulkner and Kath-
produces a much longer period of
flow of cocaine from overseas, but
And James N
erine Anne Porter, and he made a tex-
euphoria than crack and is followed by
there are plenty of dangerous drugs
nday, the sug-
tual analysis of Coleridge's "Rime of
a more disturbing psychological reac-
that are made in the U.S.A.," said Don-
rector of Up F
Center in Mian
the Ancient Mariner."
tion, has reached major proportions
ald Hamilton, a spokesman for William
price of The
foundation, ag
It was with a great deal of justice
here and has begun to appear in sev-
eral cities on the mainland as well.
News Summary
from clandestin
ays within 75
that the poet and critic Allen Tate, who
2
tention because
k City, and on
knew him well, called him "a true man
Experts on substance abuse fear that
Editorials/Op-Ed
26-27
becoming a big
d, will be in-
of letters in the modern world.'
use of the drug, called ice, could grow
to devastating proportions among
Obituaries
the 1990's, most
S. The change
For Mr. Warren was also one of the
11-12
will be made in
ising produc-
most influential figures in the teaching
many of the nation's addicts, especially
Sports
47-50
At present,
on costs. The
of English literature. His books "Un-
if efforts are successful to halt the
Weather
crystals of m
smuggling of cocaine from abroad. The
32
day price will
derstanding Poetry" and "Under-
made in Hong
standing Fiction," which he wrote with
drug can be made cheaply and easily in
Arts
13-18 Crossword
11 its weekday
17
Philippines and
Mr. Brooks, taught an entire genera-
this country in the same clandestine
Bridge
50 News Quiz
18
5-mile area.
laboratories that are now used to make
Business Day 33-46 TV Listings
Asian drug gang
51
Continued on Page 11, Column 1
speed, the powdered form of metham-
Consumer's World 52 Weddings
32
Law-enforcem
Classified Index
18 Religious Services
6
Continued
write writer,
poet, teacher critic
spohe to us
in the accepts
American
of the South
of further -
A14
May May 24, 1989.
REVIEW & OUTLOOK
ASI 5-24 A14
Bulletin: We Won!
The Free World IS reeling from too
make sure the Soviets understand that
much success. Students in China
the costs of backsliding will be high.
carry around a replica of the Statue of
As the President put it in Texas two
Liberty and sound like Patrick Henry.
weeks ago, the U.S. task is now "to
The Polish regime sits down with
convince the Soviet Union that there
Lech Walesa and recognizes Solidar-
can be no reward in pursuing expan-
ity. The Baltics agitate for independ-
sionism: that reward lies in
the
ence from Moscow, while Mikhail
evolution of the Soviet Union toward
Gorbachev proposes unilateral arms
an open society."
cuts in Europe.
Nowhere is this clearer than in Eu-
And in Washington, there's
dis-
rope, where the critics want Mr. Bush
may. All of these happy developments
to "respond" to every new Soviet ini-
are beside the point, moans the na-
tiative. Mr. Bush is urged to negotiate
tion's political community, because
away. NATO's last nuclear weapons;
George Bush somehow isn't "doing
instead he's keeping his eye on the
something" to win "the public-rela-
Warsaw Pact's dominance in conven-
tions" war. Bring back Mike
tional forces. On Sunday, he cited the
Deaver!
pact's nearly 12-to-1 advantage in
The moans are heard from all po-
short-range missile and rocket
litical sides, left and right, though
launchers, and more than 2-to-1 ad-
they may have been captured best by
vantage in main battle tanks.
columnist David Broder, who this
While much of Washington swoons
week compared Mr. Gorbachev to
at Mr. Gorbachev's nuclear gambits,
Gandhi and JFK. By contrast, he
in Geneva the Soviets recently pro-
added, President Bush seems "rooted
posed conventional-arms reductions
in the past," clinging to old "ideolo-
that aren't very far from NATO pro-
gies."
posals. Mr. Bush may want to explore
Perhaps Mr. Broder thinks one of
these ideas before he removes the last
those outmoded "ideologies" is the de-
nuclear weapons that protect U.S.
mocratization that Mr. Gorbachev
troops from surprise attack.
keeps endorsing. Or maybe he's refer-
Others-even conservatives-want
ring to the free press and free speech
Mr. Bush to propose some grand deal
that the Chinese demonstrators de-
that would pull U.S. troops back from
mand. The last time we checked, the
NATO in return for Soviet withdrawal
man repudiating 70 years of his na-
from Eastern Europe. Of course, once
tion's history was Mr. Gorbachev, not
the U.S. withdraws, it is probably
George Bush. Perhaps it simply would
gone for good. Mr. Gorbachev, or his
be eásier to say that Mr. Gorbachev is
successor, can return in a few
now following in the footsteps of Ron-
months-at a cost in Western opinion,
ald Reagan.
to be sure, but he can still return. Mr.
Washington's problem is that it
Bush's task would be to ensure that
won't claim victory. While the late
Soviet withdrawals are permanent,
1970s saw U.S. setbacks from Afghani-
which means that troops also are de-
stan to Angola to Central America,
mobilized back in the U.S.S.R.
the late 1980s have brought reversals
As for political imagery, the one
on nearly every front. Ronald Reagan
thing Mr. Bush might profitably do
rebuilt U.S. defenses, gave Stingers to
more of is talk about the yearning for
the Afghans, heralded free markets,
freedom sweeping through the Com-
and unleashed Western science upon
munist world. His remarks about
space-based defenses in a technologi-
China's demonstrations have seemed
cal race the Soviets couldn't possibly
pinched for such a mammoth cry for
win. Despite a setback or two when
freedom. He could do worse than re-
Congress resisted, containment plus
peat every week or so Ronald Rea-
the Reagan Doctrine worked. If the
gan's clarion call for liberty at Mos-
Cold War is over, the West has won.
cow University last year.
Yet now the same people who
It is Mr. Gorbachev who is moving
fought Ronald Reagan want George
our way and the Communist system
Bush to embark on a new (if ambigu-
that is failing rather than our own. If
ous) global strategy. Little wonder
the Soviets tear down the Berlin Wall,
that he's cautious, favoring what he
why should the West feel compelled to
called in a speech on Sunday "a delib-
respond? We didn't want it built in the
erate, step-by-step approach to East-
first place. The Soviets have to move
West relations."
or stagnate; George Bush can stand
Mr. Bush's task is to consolidate
pat. resist complacency, and welcome
and extend the Reagan victory, to
defecting communists to the West.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
Date:
TO:
Dan Mc Groarty
FROM:
CHRISS WINSTON
Deputy Assistant to the President
for Communications
Room 122, OEOB, Ext. 2930
The attached is for:
Per our conversation
Per your request
Information
Review & Comment
Direct Response
Appropriate Action
Draft Reply
Signature
File
Other
Please Return By
Comments:
Thought you might
enjoy this.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
Date:
8/22
TO:
Chriss Winston
FROM: JAMES P. PINKERTON
Deputy Assistant to the President
for Policy Planning
See what can
happen when we
stifle opportunity ?
WORLD
AT WAR
WHO WAS HITLER?
itler by origin was a
H
the Czechs, commercially and
nobody, the orphan of
intellectually the most suc-
a minor customs offi-
cessful of the empire's minor-
cial, a failed art stu-
ities. When he came to inquire
dent, a dropout, a drifter. He
why the non-Germans had
was not even, though Ger-
displaced the Germans from
man-speaking, a German.
dominance, however, he iden-
Born in 1889 at Braunau in
tified none of the minorities as
the Austrian part of Franz Jo-
the villains of the piece but
sef's Austro-Hungarian Em-
another people altogether-
pire, he spent his childhood at
the Jews.
Linz and an aimless youth in
The Hapsburg Empire was
Vienna. Failure took him to
not European Jewry's main
Vienna and failure kept him
homeland. That lay in Russia.
there, from 1906 to 1913. He
But Jews were an important
had failed at school because
minority and in Vienna
he failed to apply himself to
formed 10 percent of the pop-
the academic subjects that
ulation. Most were recent im-
would have gained him a leav-
migrants to the city, and
ing certificate, the passport to
poor. It was their poverty that
a career in bureaucratic Aus-
cast Hitler among them, for
tria. He failed in Vienna be-
his determination to lead an
cause he lacked the aptitude
"artistic" life meant that he,
lect
for the artistic career he had
too, lived without security or
decided was his métier.
frie
fixed abode. By refusing to
The trial sketches that he
settle into regular work, and
kno
produced to secure an entry
because he eked out a living
can
to Vienna's Academy of Fine
painting postcards and tepid
Arts were judged too wooden
watercolors, he was reduced
to give any promise of im-
you
to wearing secondhand
deta
provement through training.
clothes, acquired from Jewish
When Hitler transferred his
rag dealers, and sleeping in
application to the school of
night shelters while outside
sets
architecture, he found that his
poor Jews walked the streets.
to u
lack of a school leaving certif-
THE SCOURGE
No man in history
He was repelled by their ap-
icate barred him from entry.
brought about more
pearance. "One day
I sud-
This refusal planted in him a
Age
suffering than Hitler. This is how the Führer
denly encountered a phenome-
fierce resentment of experts,
a del
looked as a piece of British propaganda after an
non in the long caftan and
professionals and men with
wearing black sidelocks. My
1907
artist retouched a German postage stamp
paper qualifications that was
first thought was: Is this a
beer
to dominate his outlook
Jew? They certainly did not
throughout his life. It was not, however, to deter him in his
have this appearance in Linz. I watched the man stealthily and
belief that he was an "artist," gifted with a higher understand-
cautiously, but the longer I gazed at this strange countenance
ing than that of ordinary mortals. He had already lost his
and examined it section by section, the more the question
religious faith and had begun to feel that hatred for the
shaped itself in my brain: Is this a German? I turned to books
Roman Catholic Church that he would express again and
for help in removing my doubts. For the first time in my life I
again in his private conversations and writings. Now, he
bought myself some anti-Semitic pamphlets for a few pence."
began to transfer his deepest feelings to ideology, through
There was no shortage of anti-Semitic literature in prewar
which he could indulge his "artistic" dreaming and imagine a
Vienna, for it was the center of European anti-Semitism. Poor
role for himself as thinker and leader.
Jews aroused the radical and social contempt of the Viennese.
Vienna hatreds
Rich Jews provoked their resentment. Vienna was the center
These a
small an
of Jewish success. The great Jewish financiers, the Roth-
The ideology that gripped Hitler in his Vienna years was
schilds, Warburgs and Bleichroeders, operated elsewhere. But
that of Pan-Germanism, the belief that all the Germans of
the cultural, literary and philosophical life of Vienna, after
Spec
Europe should form one nation. Hitler detested the Hapsburg
Paris, then the principal intellectual center of Europe, was
coin
Empire, of which he was a subject, because its rulers, Ger-
dominated by Jews, who remained Jewish in Austrian eyes
mans though they were, had accorded political equality to the
even if, like Gustav Mahler, some had converted to Catholi-
gold
empire's non-Germans-Poles, Serbs, Croats, Hungarians,
cism. The Jews were an unsettling influence, challenging
one-
Italians, Slovenes and Czechs-whom the German Austrians
established ideas and proposing new and disturbing philoso-
one-
had once dominated. Hitler conceived a particular hatred for
phies. Prewar 1914 Vienna was the city of Freud, of Trotsky,
one-t
38
U.S.NEWS
&
WORLD
REPORT,
silver
Aug. 28/Sept. 4, 1989
Give the LAT Bush-Bashing 11-5 Reflex a Rest
By CHARLES KRÁUTHAMMER
erally means that Bush has adopted an
incorrect position on the short-range nu-
But doing so would be strategically
Today's conventional wisdom, repeated
clear force (SNF) in Europe. The Bush
stupid. Russia is a European power. Only
daily by the nation's herd of independent
minds, is that the Bush Administration has
(and British) policy is that so long as the
by accident, not by nature, is the United
Soviets maintain a vastly superior conven-
States a European power. When we pack to
been timid, slow, entirely inadequate in
tional force in Europe, we need to modern-
go home, we will not be coming back,
responding to the Gorbachev challenge.
The cry, left, right and center. is for a
ize our few remaining nuclear weapons
absent a Pearl Harbor II. The Soviets can
foreign policy of boldness and vision.
there. The Germans. who inhabit the
come back with little effort.
The complaint starts with the Bush style:
battlefield for these nukes (that is the price
Soviet concessions may be unilaterally
In the face of a virtuoso performance by the
a nation pays for starting World War II),
undone. Not so American concessions.
are naturally anxious to get rid of them.
Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard A. Shev-
traveling Gorbo circus-like the wholly
They are, therefore, pushing hard for
ardnadze offered proof of that last week
insignificant and breathlessly received
immediate SNF negotiations with the So-
when, in a crude effort to bully Bush. he
SNF (short-range nuclear forces) cuts he
viets.
threatened to violate the INF treaty and
announced last week-the President's PR
That is not surprising. What is surprising
stop dismantling Soviet missiles. It is
has been woeful.
Sure, he unveiled a carrot-and-stick
is that so many Americans, from Paul Nitze
inconceivable that an American secretary
policy toward Eastern Europe. Sure, he has
to Joe Biden, take their view. It is a
of state could ever make such a threat or
ever carry it out.
advanced proposals for drastic asymmetri-
prescription for political grief. We know
exactly what the Soviets want from any
But the best reason for not making
cal cuts in conventional arms in Europe.
Sure, at Texas A&M he outlined a new
SNF negotiations: elimination. After all,
unilateral American concessions is that we
post-Cold War vision of the "integration of
the Soviets, being a continental European
do not have to. We are not in economic
power and conventionally superior, do not
crisis. We are not reeling from the ruin of a
the Soviet Union into the community of
need short-range nukes to deter war in
newly acquired external empire of Afghan-
nations." But the perception, you see, is
istan, Angola, Cambodia, Ethiopia, Mozam-
that he is foot-dragging, and perceptions
Europe. We do. Which is why they are the
are ultimately what count in the politics
last thing that we should be trading away.
bique and Vietnam. We are not spending
A cave-in to the German position will be
13% to 19% of gross national product on
game.
Savor the irony. After eight years of
the first. SNF negotiations will be short,
defense. (We spend 6.7%.) We have not by
caterwauling about Ronald Reagan's Wiz-
much shorter than the negotiations on
foolish over-militarization (which the So-
ard of Oz, perception-is-reality and media
conventional arms, which are immensely
viets explicitly admit to in their own press)
complicated (they involve 23 countries
created an opposing alliance that includes
manipulation, the press is now demanding
it, in the name of national security, no less.
rather than two) and harder to verify.
all the great powers of the world. We are
With an SNF agreement in hand, and
winning. It is the Soviets who suing for
Without a blush or a memory, the press is
now on Bush's tail for poor Deaverism: no
conventional talks dragging on, Joe Biden's
peace in the Cold War. It IS for suers to
make unilateral concessions
stage presence, weak backdrops, lousy
next op-ed piece will write itself: "The
Bush has allowed his
to
be
scheduling.
intransigence of the Bush Administration,
niggling over details of conventional arms
called "status quo plus."
It
Bush goes to Texas and gives one of the
reduction, is today holding up the promise
(when the other guy is
most important foreign-policy speeches of
of a Central Europe entirely free from the
stand aside) but a tough
the decade, and the host of one political talk
nuclear nightmare. How long can we
send for the genius who
show is obsessed with the fact that he gave
tolerate.
"affirmative action" and
it at 4 p.m. Friday, bad for sound-bite
The other conventional wisdom com-
up a virile, New Frontier
coverage.
plaint against Bush is his failure to respond
embellish the Bush foreign
When the complainers get around to
to Gorbachev's (announced) unilateral
ington-pining for Reagan
substance, the charge is timidity: Bush is
hail him a
not advancing bold and decisive enough
concessions-troop and nuke reductions in
negotiating positions. Translated, this gen-
Europe-with unilateral concessions of his
Charles Krauthammer
own.
column in Washington.
THE NEW YORK TIMES
DATE: 5/11/91
PAGE:
8
Focusing on Welfare
Bush Plays Private Acts of Decency
Against the Government as a Helper
By ROBERT PEAR
Special to The New York Times
WASHINGTON, May 10 - President
Bush had attacked the Great Society.
Bush has struck a partisan blow
Mr. Bush conceded that "the ideals be-
against critics who accuse him of hav-
hind the Great Society were noble," but
ing no domestic policy: He has de-
he said the programs were not "up to
nounced Lyndon B. Johnson's Great
the task," and he concluded that "we
Society. By doing so he also invigorated
need to rethink our approach" to pov-
a national debate about
erty and discrimination.
what type of social welfare
Mr. Bush, in his speech, sought to lay
News
programs the nation
the groundwork for the Republican do-
Analysis
needs, and how effective
mestic agenda in the 1992 Presidential
other Presidents have
campaign, a campaign in which Repub-
been in combating poverty
licans will assail Democrats as mem-
and racial bias.
bers of the party of old ideas.
The heart of the debate is political.
Mr. Bush's indictment of the Great
Mr. Bush delivered his rebuff in a
Society surprised some experts. Jo-
speech at the University of Michigan in
seph A. Califano Jr., for instance, who
Ann Arbor last Saturday, laying a foun-
worked for Johnson at the White House
dation for domestic policy debate in the
from 1965 through 1968, said, "Mr.
1992 Presidential campaign. He knows
Bush doesn't know his history.'
that many voters share his opposition
'Redistribute Opportunity'
to racial quotas, and he knows there
are few votes to be had in defending
In a telephone interview from Lon-
welfare recipients.
don, Mr. Califano said, "The goal of the
Mr. Bush's comments on the Great
Great Society was to redistribute op-
Society came in an address in which he
portunity and wealth and to empower
warned that free speech rights were
poor people.'
under assault on many college cam-
Empowerment is a theme in vogue
puses. The President defended both
among Bush appointees like Housing
free speech and "freedom of spirit,"
Secretary Jack F. Kemp and James P.
saying the Great Society had discour-
Pinkerton, a White House policy plan-
ner. And Bush has often alluded to the
notion that poor people should have
more control over public housing and
other government benefits.
Bush, saying the
Mr. Bush delivered his speech at the
site where Johnson articulated his V1-
Great Society
sion of the Great Society 27 years ago.
Speaking in a time of prosperity and
backfired, wants
economic growth, Johnson said, "We
have the opportunity to move not only
a good society.
toward the rich society and the power-
ful society, but upward to the Great
Recipe Success! for
Society," and he declared his commit-
ment to end poverty and racial injus
Great
tice our time."
aged individuals from performing good
What Johnson did not envision was
works by overemphasizing the role of
that the Vietnam War would eat up so
Society
Government in social policy.
much of the nation's resources.
Mr. Bush said Johnson's crusade
Nonetheless by virtually all ac
meded
against poverty had backfired, saying
counts, the Great Society helped im-
its civil rights programs had "gener-
prove the lives and financial security of
more
ated animosity" and its welfare pro-
the elderly, in part through a big in-
grams had made poor people depend-
crease in Social Security benefits. By
resources
ent on Government.
most accounts, Medicare and Medicaid
Embedded in Social Fabric
have succeeded in providing health
care for the elderly and the poor,
In his remarks, Mr. Bush ignored the
though at far greater cost than Johnson
fact that much of the Great Society has
could ever have imagined.
been accepted and embedded in the na-
tion's social fabric: Federal aid for ele-
A Question of Dependency
biggest
mentary and secondary schools, the
But there has been bitter debate over
Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Fair
whether the Great Society's main cash
Housing Act of 1968, Medicare for the
welfare program, Aid to Families With
came under
elderly, Medicaid for the poor, a nation-
Dependent Children, tends to foster de-
wide food stamp program, automobile
pendency Timothy M. Smeeding, a
safety and consumer protection laws.
professor of economics at Syracuse
Nixon.
The President's speech pointedly
University, is among those who say it
omitted any praise for Great Society
does.
programs that Mr. Bush has lauded,
But Greg J. Duncan, a professor of
like Head Start and a number of envi-
economics at the University of Michi-
ronmental laws. Perhaps unintention-
gan who has followed the income of
ally, Mr. Bush's comments revived de-
7,500 families for two decades, said:
bate over the merit of those programs.
'There is no evidence from our data
Supporters of the Great Society say it
that dependency is any greater prob-
drastically reduced the number of poor
lem now than in the early 1970's, when
people. Critics insist that it fostered a
Great Society programs reached their
culture of dependency.
peak. There is no evidence of an in-
The President's criticism of the
crease in the proportion of children de.
Great Society was sweeping and un-
pendent on welfare.'
?? does prove too this
qualified. But Mr. Bush's main speech-
In the speech, Mr. Bush proposed
much?
writer, Tony Snow, who drafted the ad-
replace the Great Society with
dress, acknowledged in an interview
society," in which individuals
that the Bush Administration's judg.
private acts of common
ment of the Great Society was actually
becoming "points of light.' Mr. Bush's
more complex and nuanced than the
speech and his domestic policy indicate
speech suggested.
that his vision of Government's role in
Mr. Snow, 35 years old, a former edi-
fighting poverty is much more modest
tor of the editorial page at The Wash-
than Johnson's; it omits the idea of the
ington Times, said he had been trou-
Government as helper and savior that S
bled to hear radio reports that Mr.
inspired Johnson.
7
page
of
REVIEW & OUTLOOK
After the Party's Over
They say that communism as an
a bad time to have such large num-
ideology is dead. If SO, the Communist
bers of the world's people hurtling to-
Party is on a respirator and the ques-
ward civil war.
tion is, Will anyone ever pull the plug?
One also must add Iran to this mix.
The future of Communist parties sits
The rest of the world can't escape the
at the center of the bloody events in
fact that the Ayatollah in his madness
Tiananmen Square, in the Kremlin,
also presided over one of the world's
and in voting booths across Poland
most geostrategically-important, oil-
this past weekend. It's entirely possi-
producing nations. The odds are that
ble that for a regime dominated by
Iran's future includes the potential for
Marxist theology, or for that matter
mass upheaval, which is likely to re-
WSJ
by the Ayatollah's rantings in Iran,
verberate through an already volatile
there can be no soft landing.
region.
Most of the people still living under
communism know where they want to
The Free World, ironically, is at
go. They want to move toward a sys-
the very same time undergoing a posi-
tem at least resembling capitalism,
tive cataclysm-the continuing inte-
6/6/89
with its promise of a material life bet-
gration of the world economy. People
ter than the subsistence communism
in many developing nations are bene-
has produced. And the people under
fiting from trade and the freer move-
communism want a system that per-
ment of capital around the world.
mits them to express opinions without
Some of these countries are also new
fear of retribution, on the manifestly
and fragile democracies, notably
sensible grounds that a closed system
Mexico, Taiwan, South Korea, Turkey
To:Dan
promotes stupidity. We have no less
and Brazil. This progress, however, is
an authority on this than Mikhail Gor-
already under the threat of a protec-
bachev, who on Sunday described the
tionist trade war triggered by the
destruction of hundreds of train pas-
American Congress. Congress may be
sengers in a gas explosion as another
too myopic to care about the ripple ef-
from:
example of the system's incompe-
fects of its bad ideas, but there is no
tence.
reason why other leaders should add
Past à certain point of incompe-
this burden to a world absorbing the
tence or corruption, a government
collapse of communism.
loses its legitimacy-the consent of
As always, of course, we should
the governed. Most of the time, "legit-
hope there is indeed a soft landing for
imacy" is a somewhat dry and aca-
the nations tossed most directly by
demic notion, insofar as even illegiti-
the world's current turbulence. In this
mate governments often manage to
respect, there are encouraging signs.
maintain their authority merely be-
At almost the same hour as Chinese
cause they have more guns and tanks
people were crushed beneath the tank
than the people they rule. Commu-
treads of the Peoples' Liberation
nism's mistake, and now its dilemma,
Army, the Polish people got a chance
was in SO thoroughly binding up its
to elect some of their own leaders. As
governing legitimacy in the party's
in the Soviet Union, Poland's voters
existence. Eliminate the Communist
seem to be thrashing communism's
Party, and you're left with a govern-
candidates. And when Andrei Sak-
ment that has no authority to govern.
harov was denounced in the Congress
The result can be chaos. In two-
of People's Deputies for criticizing the
words, Tiananmen Square.
brutality of the Soviet army's tactics
China yet may devolve into civil
in Afghanistan, we could remind our-
war; there were wire-service reports
selves that not long ago he'd have
yesterday of fighting among army
been arrested, tortured, exiled or
units. Eastern Europe has seen plenty
shot.
of hopeful springs crushed in the past.
It remains to be seen whether Mr.
And Mikhail Gorbachev's political in-
Gorbachev or General Jaruzelski are
stincts and all the might of the Red
acting in good faith or merely are try-
Army and the KGB may in the end be
ing to depressurize their restless pop-
unable to stand against a tidal wave
ulations for a while. If in fact they are
of ethnic animosity and resentment:
feeling their way toward representa-
If that is so, there will be little the
tive government, it is at least conceiv-
West can do to contain these forces.
able that their countries will be able
And given the horrors that commu-
over time to disengage themselves
nism has visited on formerly free peo-
from the Communist Party system.
ple in Eastern Europe and Asia, many
But in this struggle the possibility of
would consider a cataclysmic up-
shocking violence is never far away,
heaval to be the ideology's just des-
as we see in the Chinese blood running
serts. Be that as it may, this would be
off the stones in Tiananmen Square.
NEW THE REPUBLIC
AUGUST 28, 1989
Educ.
strange here
emphasis to be
T
on practical. wuthen not
he New Class
Almost everyone agrees that the quality of teaching in
between teachers would be inherently unfair and sub-
America's public schools is often deplorable, but ideas
about how to attract better people into teaching fall into
jective. A case in point: the 1986 teacher of the year in
Florida did not qualify for a bonus under that state's
two conflicting categories. One set of ideas, promoted
by the teachers' unions, is to make teaching as a career
now-defunct but en-innovative merit pay program.
Second, because the board rejected calls to make
path more appealing, through more prestige, higher
state licensure a prerequisite, progressive states can
pay, and so on. In other words, make it more profes-
also use the credential to allow talented out-of-state and
sional. Another set of ideas is to get smart people into
teaching who don't necessarily think of it as a career
private school teachers immediate entry into their pub-
path-young college graduates looking for a worthy life
lic schools. Already Iowa has passed legislation grant-
experience before graduate school, bored midcareer
ing automatic licensure to teachers in these categories
who pass the boards.
executives, early retirees. This involves creating incen-
tives, such as contingent student loans, and breaking
The board has asked the federal government for
down disincentives, most notably the gatekeeper role of
$25 million, half the estimated cost of developing the
education schools. In short, make teaching less
certification program. Congress is favorably inclined,
professional.
but Education Secretary Lauro Cavazos has spoken out why-
The education establishment has come up with an
against it. Federal funding would give the government what
idea, intended to serve the first vision, that could actual-
an opportunity to attach a couple of useful strings. One reason?
ly-with minor emendation-serve the second one.
is to make sure the tests are tough enough, and empha-
That idea is board certification. As in the various special-
size knowledge of subject matter over teaching tech-
ties of medicine, certification by a "National Board for
nique. Otherwise, all the pressures on the board will be
the other way.
Professional Teaching Standards" would be a badge of
honor within the profession, not a minimum require-
More important, the government should insist
ment to enter it. But if it became an acceptable substitute
that the catch-22 requirement of three years
teaching experience be removed. The whole
for a teaching degree, it could bust open the profession.
Albert Shanker, president of the American Federa-
idea is, or ought to be, to create a way for people
with a yen to teach to prove their bona fides while
tion of Teachers, has been pushing the board certifica-
tion scheme since 1985. In 1987 the Carnegie Corpora-
sidestepping the requirement of a teaching degree
tion supplied seed money for the 64-member
and other entry-level bureaucracy. Without the three-
independent board, which recently announced its plan.
year rule, states could accept national certification as an
Starting in 1993, any teacher with a B.A. degree and
alternative entry-level licensing credential for anyone
three years' experience will be eligible for a battery of
who could pass the tests (not just people who are teach-
difficult pedagogical and subject-matter tests-such as
ing already in other states or private schools). States like
Videotaped simulations and written exams-to become
New Jersey have made some progress over the last five
"board-certified.
years in establishing their own alternative licensing SVS-
What makes national certification more than just an-
tems. Board certification should quicken that develop-
other self-congratulatory piece of paper is what pro-
ment. What's more. by holding alternative-licensure ap-
gressive states and school districts can do with it. First.
plicants to a higher standard than ordinary applicants,
they can use the tangible credential as a basis for vital
board certification will eliminate any controversv over
reforms like "merit pay." Teachers' unions have op-
whether teachers licensed outside the established sys-
posed such reforms, arguing that invidious distinctions
tem are as qualified as those who went through it.
The board claims its proposed three-vear rule is in-
AUGUST 28, 1989 THE NEW REPUBLIC 7
tended to spare novices the embarrassment of failing
tra? Wuer understands and courageously opposed the
the test. It could be that the real purpose is to spare
corruptions of his country's system. But who will pro-
current teachers the embarrassment of seeing so many
tect him from the more subtle corruptions of our coun-
fresh faces pass it.
try's system? In China he used celebrity (with that nat-
ural p.r. sense inherent in all great leaders, martyrs,
and saints). In America celebrity will use him if he's
NOTEBOOK
not careful. In China the Kennedys are probably up
there with Miss Liberty herself as icons of freedom and
democracy. In America, by now, the resonance is
K
somewhat different. Someone please wise this kid up,
IDNAPPING AND DOUBLE STANDARDS: Ameri-
before it's too late.
can officials who have criticized the Israeli seizure of
Sheik Obeid ("I don't think kidnapping and violence
helps [sic] the cause of peace" President Bush) have
M
IXED REVIEW:
short memories. They should recall the case of Fawaz
Yunis. Yunis was a small-time operative who often
Exxon Valdez Limps In as San Diego Cheers
crossed the thin line between criminality and politics in
-New York Times, July 31
Lebanon. In September 1987 an elaborate covert oper-
ation orchestrated by the CIA lured Yunis from Beirut
Spectators quietly watch ship pass by
to Cyprus, and from there to the high seas, where he was
-San Diego Union, same day
abducted by American intelligence and brought to the
(thanks to Ralph Leighton, Coronado, California)
United States. In short, he was kidnapped. (To do this,
the United States employed one Jamal Hamdan, well
known in Beirut as an extortionist and murderer, who
M
EASURING TOOLS:
promised the small-fry Yunis big bucks from a drug
deal.) Yunis was held in solitary confinement for 18
June Machine Tool Orders Declined 38%
months before he was even brought to trial this past
-Wall Street Journal, July 31
February. He still languishes in jail while the legal sys-
tem deals with his case. Yunis is charged with being
Tool Orders Rose 16% In June
among five men who hijacked a Royal Jordanian Air-
-New York Times, same day
lines flight in June 1985 and took it on one of those
(thanks to John Schmid, New York, New York)
Middle Eastern multicapital excursions that the Pales-
tinians have made famous. But nothing much happened
to passengers or staff, and certainly nothing happened
Is
BUSH BURNING?
at all to the two Americans on. board. The presence of
these Americans, however, was the pretext for what was
Bush Scorches Hill Democrats Over Agenda
presented as a triumph over terrorism. Now that U.S.
-Washington Post, July 29
emissaries are negotiating with certified murderers of
American diplomats, the entire enterprise against this
Bush to stay low-key with Congress
bit player seems pathetic. It also puts into perspective all
-Philadelphia Inquirer, same day
the huffing and puffing about the seizure of Sheik
(thanks to Philip Eberle, Wrightsville, Pennsylvania)
Obeid. Obeid, unlike Yunis, is not a bit player in the
terror network, but a central figure responsible for the
torment of many innocent Israelis, Americans, and oth-
S
AME PAPER, SAME DAY, SAME PAGE, SAME
er Westerners, not to mention the Lebanese victims of
HEADLINE:
his armed doctrine in action. In the meantime, the U.N.
Mideast envoy, Marrack Goulding, added to the hypoc-
India-Sri Lanka Crisis Eases;
risy by offering also his opinion "that the kidnapping of
Sheik Obeid does not help." This is strange commen-
69 Are Killed in Ethnic Strife
tary from the utterly helpless United Nations. As we
-New York Times, July 29
read the papers, the abduction seems at least to have
(thanks to Tamara Glenny, Brooklyn, New York)
started off a process that might get some hostages re-
leased, who only weeks ago were barely in people's
memories.
c
ORRECTION: "The prescription-drug benefit
F
alone will easily cost $6.8 million a year ..."-TNR,
REE WUER KAIXI: Oh, no! Wuer Kaixi, the stu-
August 21, referring to the new Medicare catastroph-
ic health care program. That, of course, should be
dent hero of Tiananmen Square, who escaped to
$6.8 billion. In future, all references to health care
America, spent the first weekend in August sailing with
costs should be assumed to mean billions. It's a safe
the Kennedys in Hyannis Port. Next, Vegas with Sina-
bet.
8 THE NEW REPUBLIC AUGUST 28, 1989
film.
white shre lace, /4eyelet.
+ paper /paper towels.
proter tape.)
WORLD REPORT
New diplomacy by
Fax Americana
Technology can win friends and influence people
George Bush is learning
part, an ever smaller part, of the ways
the limits of presidential
the U.S. can influence other nations.
power in the global vil-
From the Oval Office, George Bush
lage. As he gropes for
calls the leaders of the Chinese govern-
STRIKER
responses to the up-
ment and cannot get through. From Li-
A-DEMOCR
heavals in the Commu-
ang Heng's tiny, cluttered apartment on
nist world, he has to ad-
Manhattan's Upper West Side, the for-
mit that his options are few. "We aren't
eign editor of a Chinese-language journal
going to remake the world," he said at
organizes a campaign to flood China with
his news conference last week, "but we
news of the massacre in Tienanmen
should stand for something."
Square. He does get through. "The gov-
New communications technology has
ernment doesn't control all the fax ma-
enhanced the pressure on the President to
chines yet," Liang insists. It doesn't in
do just that-stand up for American val-
Poland, either, thanks partly to Jarek
ues. Direct-dial telephones and satellite
Cholodecki. A political émigré who spent
uplinks carry informa-
a year in a Polish jail,
tion into countries like
Cholodecki arrived at
China, and they also car-
Solidarity headquarters
ry it out. Those images
in Warsaw six weeks ago
and ideas appear instant-
bearing a fax machine,
ly on American televi-
donated by Chicago's
sion, engaging voters
Polish community. "I
and altering the environ-
was concerned because
ment of formal diploma-
the mood was down,"
cy. Bush failed to grasp
the courier recalled,
the nature of this new
"but when I arrived with
environment when he
the machine, they were
waited more than a day
very excited."
to condemn the savagery
If traditional diplo-
in Beijing. Prudence and
Bush. Weighing every word
macy can do relatively
caution have their place,
little to affect events in
as always, but their exercise must take
China directly. the current turmoil dem-
into account the power of the kind of
onstrates that many foreigners still look
compelling images that emerged from
to the United States for moral leadership,
China. A President must function as the
or at least are eager to appropriate its
nation's chief spokesman and conscience.
symbols. "What we say and do does have
It is a role Ronald Reagan often played
significance and importance abroad,
well. except in Nicaragua and South Afri-
says Representative Henry Hyde of Illi-
ca. but one Bush is only now learning.
nois, a senior Republican on the Foreign
Spectator sport
Affairs Committee. Indeed, the signs and
symbols of the Chinese students-partic-
Bush also is learning that the same
ularly their makeshift version of the Stat-
technology that has turned foreign af-
ue of Liberty-were clearly designed to
fairs into a spectator sport for many
catch the attention of American TV cam-
Americans has turned others into active
eras and the American public, who
participants. The crisis in China, as well
would then bring pressure on the White
as the elections in Poland, have focused
Moral support. A protest at the U.N. was no
House to back their movement.
attention on a vast network of people
There is always a tension, however,
and ideas-a Fax Americana-that can
iously, inching across the shaky tightrope
between the impulse to support demo-
penetrate even the darkest corners of the
that connects purity and practicality.
cratic dissent and the need to maintain
Middle Kingdom. Just at the moment
At his press conference last week, Bush
ties with nondemocratic governments. It
condemned the repression in China but
when Bush has had trouble exerting his
is easy for congressmen of both right and
repeatedly brushed aside chances to exco-
influence. this network has stepped into
left to call for drastic action when they are
the vacuum. America's power in the
riate the leadership, saying his aim was to
free of responsibility for sweeping up the
world now exists on two levels, the offi-
"preserve the relationship as best I can."
shards of a shattered relationship. The
cial and the unofficial, and, as a result,
One of the President's first goals is to
President does have that responsibility,
traditional diplomacy represents only a
avoid turning the United States into a
which is why Bush has moved so caut-
foreign devil again and giving the hard-
32
U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT, June 19. 1989
Photo Copy Preservation
WORLD REPORT
Communism turned upside down
Marx and Lenin had it partly
BY SEWERYN BIALER
my and eventual independence is intertwined
right. "Ideas, once they cap-
with the growing thirst for democracy in the
ture the minds of the people,
Soviet Union as a whole.
become a material force," proclaimed Karl
In Russia itself, the elections to the new supreme legislative
Marx, the patron saint of Communism. Le-
body produced many surprises. One was the extent of the
nin, the creator of the Soviet state, prescribed
anti-elite, populist mobilization of urban workers. For exam-
an alliance in which the intelligentsia would
ple, 35 top regional party secretaries in single-candidate dis-
implant the revolutionary faith in the proletariat. The inevita-
tricts were rejected by the voters, who by majorities of 60 to
ble result, they were certain, would be a Communist world.
70 percent crossed out their names. The other surprise was
But the ideas that have become a "material force" in
the victories by big majorities of a few dozen intellectuals and
Poland and the Soviet Union and are seething beneath the
dissidents. Large groups of workers clearly are deciding that
renewed repression in China are not those of class warfare
they have much in common with the populist and democratic
and conquest, but of democracy. In all three nations, Lenin's
goals of the intelligentsia's candidates.
expanding alliance of intellectuals and workers, not Commu-
The 2,250 members of the Congress of People's Deputies
nism, holds the greatest promise for democracy. The intelli-
and, even more, the smaller Supreme Soviet they have elected
gentsia alone are a highly vulnerable target for repression.
are dominated by centrists or by conformists who, under
Only in a compact with workers can the promise be fulfilled.
Mikhail Gorbachev's guidance, rejected almost every proposal
In China, the developing sympathy
AFP
submitted by the liberal and dissenting
and mutual respect between students
minority. But the obvious fact misses
demonstrating for democracy and
the main point: Weeks of unhampered
workers were the key reason for the
discussion in the Congress, where no
massacre in Tienanmen Square. Party
subject was immune to passionate, an-
leaders could have used troops to dis-
gry or cold analysis, had no precedent
perse students without mass murder.
in almost 72 years of Soviet power.
The premeditated savagery was de-
The debates, 8 hours or longer al-
signed to intimidate, to teach an unfor-
most every day, were televised live
gettable lesson not only to students and
throughout the Soviet Union. By offi-
intellectuals but also-perhaps primar-
cial measure, daily audiences of at least
ily-to the workers who joined them. If
150 million watched the breathtaking
the repression succeeds, the alliance
exercise of free speech. The Soviet peo-
will not reappear. The old Communist
ple-workers, intelligentsia, nationali-
hard-liners know from their own expe-
ties-got for the first time ever a fore-
rience how potentially explosive is the
taste of their potential power through
mixture of their opponents.
their ballots and through parliamenta-
In Poland, the alliance between
ry debate. The Soviet Union will never
striking workers and their mostly
be the same again. Next year, local and
young, intellectual advisers was forged
Comparing notes. As Gorbachev and Deng
regional elections are scheduled to be
in the crucial years 1980-81. There
met in Beijing, both were being tested
held throughout the nation. Barring
were no guarantees. Earlier attempts to
the cancellation of democratic reforms
merge workers' unrest and intellectual ferment-in 1956,
or, even less likely, renewed repression, the outcome of these
1970 and 1976-failed. This time, thanks to the tenacity of
next elections will be determined by the extent of mutual ties
Solidarity's leaders, most notably Lech Walesa, and the fail-
between the workers and the intelligentsia.
ures of the regime, the momentum grew. Outlawed in 1981,
Their interests-economic, social and political-may not
Solidarity was legalized this spring and now is the dominant
always coincide. What increasingly unites them is the idea of
social and political force in the nation. The Communist au-
liberty, which can accommodate lesser differences between
thorities tacitly acknowledge that, for them, Poland is ungov-
competing interest groups. It is an idea absent from the old
ernable and that economic catastrophe is unavoidable without
(that is, Marxist-Leninist) Communist vision. In all three
the organization to which a majority of workers and intellec-
nations, the system has failed because of that crucial weak-
tuals are committed. The sweeping electoral victory of Soli-
ness. Gorbachev recognized it first in the Soviet Union, and
darity last week legitimized this opposition alliance beyond
the tumultuous scenes in the Congress over the past two
the dreams of even its most committed leaders.
weeks are one consequence. In Poland, Gen. Wojciech Jaru-
zelski tried every alternative to genuine reform before running
A new relationship
out of ideas and embracing change.
In the Soviet case, generalizations about relations between
China has now turned its back on reform, at least tempo-
workers and intellectuals are likely to be misleading. The
rarily. But the passion of recent weeks is not dead; it is merely
Soviet intelligentsia did not display in recent years the popu-
subdued. China, too, will never be the same again. But what
list tendencies of their 19th-century predecessors. Soviet
happens next depends on the durability of the growing popu-
workers showed little fondness or respect for the intelligen-
lar alliance between the two critical groups. If the workers
tsia. Yet it has become increasingly clear that a new, complex
and intelligentsia forget the central idea, they will fail. If they
relationship is developing.
are true to it, they cannot be defeated.
The ties are visible and well advanced in the non-Slavic
republics and autonomous areas-in Georgia, Armenia, Lith-
Seweryn Bialer, a leading scholar in Soviet affairs, is
uania, Estonia and Latvia, and among Tartars and Abkha-
Ruggles Professor of Political Science and director of the Research Institute
sians. The growing national struggle for greater local autono-
on International Change at Columbia University
U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT, June 19, 1989
31
Photo Copy Preservation
RFK was behind the move. Corbin may be the only
cover and leaving everyone else thoroughly confused.
national committee staffer ever fired by direct order of
At his funeral mourners were evenly divided over
a President. As Arthur Schlesinger Jr. tells it, Johnson
whether Corbin was guilty.
told Bobby Kennedy, "If Corbin's such a good fellow,
Paul Corbin might have functioned better in the days
you pay him. He's been around town for three years
of Plunkitt or Tweed or Pendergast. With him gone, the
knocking my head off and I've never met the bum."
League of Women Voters has less to worry over. But in
After 1968, devastated by the death of Robert Kenne-
a profession with little enough to laugh about, Corbin
dy, Corbin moved to Nashville for a short time, where he
lived to have some fun, and to his brand of politics, he
became curator of the Country Music Wax Museum and
left no heirs.
famous for his fine collection of cowboy boots. Corbin
Wherever he is, you may be sure the erring boy is
habitually borrowed the boots off the wax dummies, one
assembling his pals: "Bob Kennedy, meet Bill Casey."
day wearing Johnny Cash's, the next Hank Williams's.
Corbin returned to Washington, where he operated
KEN BODE, formerly politics editor of TNR, is director
successfully for many years (even after being fired by
of the Center for Contemporary Media at DePauw
LBJ), and the legends grew of a premier political fixer
University.
able to work both sides of the aisle. In his eulogy, which
had the entire funeral congregation roaring with laugh-
ter, Siegenthaler told how his friend managed an en-
counter with George McGovern the day after McGov-
Homage to Vaclav Havel.
ern's nomination in 1972: "You don't have to make me
an acceptance speech, George," growled Corbin. "Just
tap your tambourine and sing three verses of 'Blowing
in the Wind."
In 1980 the ubiquitous Corbin wrangled a private
A
meeting with Jim Baker, then campaign chairman for
LIFE LIKE
Presidential candidate George Bush. Baker had never
encountered this gravelly voiced package of effrontery,
A WORK OF ART
and he listened wide-eyed as Corbin explained that
Bush was looking agitated and jittery on the campaign
trail. "Put a couple of pretty secretaries on the campaign
By Milan Kundera
plane to keep him relaxed in the off-hours," Corbin ad-
vised, adding, "That's what we did with JFK in 1960."
I
have always been especially allergic to the remark
Nineteen-eighty was perhaps Corbin's most active
attributed (wrongly, I think) to Goethe: "a life
Presidential year. Detesting the pious, ineffectual Presi-
should resemble a work of art." It is because life is
dent Jimmy Carter, he served as a behind-the-scenes
formless and does not resemble a work of art that
adviser in Edward Kennedy's effort to topple Carter.
man needs art. Yet in these great days for my old
When that failed and Carter won renomination, Corbin
homeland, Central Europe, I learned with enormous
told friends on the floor of the Democratic convention
joy that Vaclav Havel would soon become president of
that he intended to work for Reagan. Soon he was
the Czechoslovak Republic. I think about him and say to
providing intelligence on the Democrats directly to Wil-
myself: there are cases (very rare) where comparing a
liam Casey, Reagan's campaign manager, who recog-
life to a work of art is justified.
nized a kindred spirit. When Republican John Ander-
Havel's entire life is in fact built on a single great
son decided to run as an Independent, Corbin worked
theme; there is nothing random about it, there are no
that precinct too, helping to convince Anderson's man-
shifts in direction (Havel was never touched by the
agers that they needed a clearly identified Kennedy
lyrical illusions of communism and thus had no need to
Democrat on their ticket as Vice President to give liber-
rid himself of them, as have many of his elders); this life
als a guilt-free reason to vote against Carter. The man
is one gradual, continuous process, and it gives the
chosen was Corbin's old pal, former Wisconsin Gover-
impression of a perfect compositional unity. Moreover,
nor Pat Lucey.
it seems to me that Havel himself shapes his life with an
Then, of course, there was President Carter's debate
artist's pleasure, as a sculptor does his stone, progres-
briefing book, which turned up in the hands of the
sively giving it an ever greater clarity of meaning and
Reagan campaign. When the "Debategate" scandal
form. The way he led the struggle of the past weeks ("a
broke two years later, White House chief of staff Jim
kind of peaceable revolution," he told me in a letter)
Baker claimed he'd been given the book by Bill Casey.
was fascinating not only from the political standpoint
But Casey, then CIA director, said he had no such
but also from the aesthetic. It was like the prestissimo
recollection. Then came reports that Corbin had admit-
finale of a sonata by a very great master.
ted to a reporter that he'd smuggled the book to Casey.
A work of art is meant to be perceived by others.
The CIA director telephoned his friend Corbin. "Did I
Making one's life a work of art immediately exposes it to
get that book from you?" he asked.
scrutiny, to the flood of light. It is unavoidable. But if
"No," Corbin replied, thereby protecting Casey's
the man thus illuminated is an artist as well, he takes a
16 THE NEW REPUBLIC JANUARY 29, 1990
risk: his life become work of art can cause his works of
should not forget that his earliest plays put his audi-
art to be forgotten. In Havel's case, this would be a
ences into a state of perpetual laughter. Yes, at the start
pity. He was under thirty when his first plays were
of Havel's career, there was laughter. Humor. And
performed in Prague: The Garden Party and The Memo-
humor means skepticism. And skepticism in turn means
randum. They were intelligent, provocative, unlike
self-irony. Two years ago, in Paris, I saw his play Largo
anything else (I once discussed this in the preface to a
Desolato. In it, Havel ironically considers his own situa-
volume of his plays: they could be placed if need be,
tion: that of a man who devotes himself to political
but only approximately, within the context of the the-
struggle and thus is no longer master of a life-his
ater of the absurd), and had an irresistible humor. In
own-that everyone else seeks to appropriate. When, in
fact, if these two plays are my favorites among all his
the last act, the police come to arrest the protagonist, he
work, it is because I was still able to see them in
is almost happy with the opportunity finally to be alone,
Prague, in superb productions that were entirely faith-
to belong to no one but himself. The dissident, this
ful to the author's
modern hero, bears
spirit. And because I
his fate not as an ex-
was able to see them
hilarating glory but
at the Theater on the
rather as a burden that
Balustrade, where Ha-
is almost absurd. He
vel was working at
would prefer to do
the time and which,
other things (write
for Czech intellectu-
plays, for instance, or
als, will always remain
poetry), to be rid of his
the symbol of the six-
destiny, but he can-
ties and of their impu-
not. For meanwhile,
dently free spirit. The
something mightier
later works (for in-
than he has seized
stance, the excellent
hold of him, some-
one-act Audience) are
thing that goes be-
no less fine; if there
yond him, something
still existed in the
that Havel calls
world companies that
responsibility.
consider an author's
To him this is the
text to be the founda-
ethic of dissidence.
tion of theater art,
Havel discusses it in
these plays would be
an essay (on A Czech
in the repertory
Dreambook by Ludvik
everywhere.
Vaculik, a magnificent
Even though Havel
work that springs
is known to the world
from the same "skep-
primarily (and justly)
tical dissidence"). Un-
as a founder of Char-
derlying this ethic is
ter 77, as a dissident
the skeptical certainty
who has spent years in
(which only a dramatic
prison, as the prime
author or a novelist
moral representative
VLawance
8
can arrive at) that
of his country, at heart
there is no unity be-
he will always be a
VACLAV HAVEL BY VINT LAWRENCE FOR THE NEW REPUBLIC
tween a man's charac-
dramatist, a poet of the theater. To ignore this is to
ter and his destiny, that the one is always victim of the
fail to understand him. It means failing to understand,
other. (The work of art that a life becomes is not identi-
first of all, how deeply he is rooted in the specificity
cal with that life; it may even be hostile to it.) This capaci-
of the national tradition: the nineteenth-century move-
ty to take an ironic view of one's own situation, to guard
ment of Czech renewal was organized not around the
one's life against any melodramatic interpretation
Church, not around an army, not around a political
(kitsch interpretation, we would say in Central Europe),
party, but around culture in general and the theaters
can be called a kind of wisdom. Among the great politi-
in particular. The greatest Czech political figures of
cal figures of our time, I see no other who possesses that
the time were writers: Frantisek Palacky, a historian;
wisdom. For it is the wisdom of a poet.
Karel Havlicek (curiously, his name is the diminutive
form of Havel), a satiric poet; and then Tomas Masa-
-Translated from the French original by Linda Asher
ryk, a philosopher.
His dimension as an artist will make Havel different
MILAN KUNDERA has lived in Paris since 1975. His most
from today's other great political personages. We
recent novel is The Unbearable Lightness of Being.
JANUARY 29, 1990 THE NEW 17
AMERICAN SURVEY
LEXINGTON
The flickering beacon
O
N
APRIL 19 1775, at Lexington, Massachusetts, the first
speech. It knows that other countries are prosperous, that Mr
shots of the American revolutionary war were fired. A col-
Lech Walesa and President Vaclav Havel may become heroes of
umn of British troops had left Boston to secure an ammunition
democracy as authentic as were Lincoln or Jefferson. But Amer-
store when they met a party of minutemen. The British drew first
ica has perhaps not yet divined that in a world where democracy
blood-eight Americans were killed-but after more fighting at
and prosperity are more evenly spread, it will not stand as tall as
Concord, a few miles away, the redcoats were harried back to
it once did. When other countries approach America's heights,
Boston. Everybody knows who won in the end.
they are better able to examine the quality of the fabric from
So good American consequences can follow foolhardy Brit-
which it is made.
ish actions-which, in our worse moments, is something we
That, too often, is now not exhilarating but just a muddle, a
might take as a watchword for this page, henceforth named after
state where checks and balances are an excuse for bickering and
that skirmish long ago, and dedicated to American politics and
irresponsibility. There is, for example, something deeply unlov-
current affairs. It makes sense, moreover, to start the new page
able about today's Congress, riddled with corruption and with
with an occasion whose essentials many of those who fought at
three sex scandals on the boil. When Mr Dick Cheney, the de-
Lexington would recognise today.
fence secretary, announced on January 29th the list of 35 bases
The president, says article II of the constitution, adopted just
he was thinking of closing, congressmen comically rushed to de-
11 years after Lexington, "shall from time to time give to the
fend their own slice of pork.
Congress information of the state of the union". On January
Yet it takes two to tango, and those who condemn the Con-
31st President George Bush did
gress out of hand should spread
so. The speech was heard in
the blame more fairly. The
that uniquely American atmo-
pork would not have been
sphere that hangs round the
there to defend had not the
president like a fog in a Dick-
Reagan administration man-
ens novel-part reverence,
aged its defence build-up SO
part sycophancy, but not quite
that every region of the country
either. It was 34 minutes long,
had a stake in its survival.
and interrupted by applause 35
There are other ways in which
times-applause with which, at
the administration is cynical. It
one time or another, everyone
is cynical to claim you wish to
present joined in.
be something you cannot be.
Well, not quite everyone.
President Bush made much of
Sitting directly in front of the
his education plans in the State
president, resolutely refusing to
of the Union speech; yet the
clap at the sound-bites, were
federal government is responsi-
Chief Justice Rehnquist and
ble for just 6% (and dropping)
other members of the Supreme
of the cash spent on education.
Court. Their presence, and
Whoever is able to improve the
their independence, would
quality of American education,
likewise have been familiar to
PORK
The
it will not be President Bush-
veterans of Lexington, as they
Pork Barrel
are to all Americans. To every-
Jango
though he will no doubt accept
any credit that may be going.
one else, however, they are a
Perhaps above all, the
mystery. No other nation has
world's new democrats will ask
ever dared to invent anything quite like America's Supreme
if their once-admired America is avoiding the really difficult di-
Court-an unelected body, applying doctrine based not on po-
lemmas. They will wonder how someone who calls himself the
litical whim, to reshape social and economic policy.
"environment president" can seem so uninterested (though so is
the Congress) in containing the urban sprawl that is disfiguring
Uniqueness can fade
this most beautiful of continents.
It is in the Supreme Court's role, above all, that the exhilarating
They will wonder about crime. In the first 30 days of January,
muddle of American democracy is made flesh-that muddle
46 people were murdered in Washington, DC (four were mur-
which stops a majority from doing whatever it wants, and which
dered in Belfast). Yet America's only contribution to penal re-
forces a chief executive to persuade others of the wisdom of his
form is to incarcerate and execute men and women in numbers
desires. But it is not just the Supreme Court that does this. Con-
that would shame any other democracy. Granted, on the day of
gress, too, has played its part; it is good to remember, in these
the State of the Union address, Mr Dick Thornburgh, the attor-
times, that Truman's containment of Russia after 1945 would
ney-general, did deprecate the unconscionably long time that
not have been possible but for the support of congressional lead-
people can stay on Death Row, though his solution, to dispatch
ers such as Senator Arthur Vandenberg.
them more quickly, owed more to a Chinese model of human
For most of the years since 1945, and for most democrats
rights than a Czech one.
elsewhere, the American model of democracy has been a beacon.
The message is simple. Of the world's new democrats, many
It has shone the more brightly because that democracy has
really do think of America-as President Bush said-as "not just
seemed to go hand in hand with a prosperity of which others
a nation but an idea alive in the minds of people everywhere".
could only dream. That is changing. America acknowledges that
But when criticism comes, America will demean itself if it acts
the world has changed; this was the theme of President Bush's
defensively. That was what the British did in Massachusetts.
30
THE ECONOMIST FEBRUARY 3 1990
AMERICAN SURVEY
LEXINGTON
The flickering beacon
O
N APRIL 19 1775, at Lexington, Massachusetts, the first
speech. It knows that other countries are prosperous, that Mr
shots of the American revolutionary war were fired. A col-
Lech Walesa and President Vaclav Havel may become heroes of
umn of British troops had left Boston to secure an ammunition
democracy as authentic as were Lincoln or Jefferson. But Amer-
store when they met a party of minutemen. The British drew first
ica has perhaps not yet divined that in a world where democracy
blood-eight Americans were killed-but after more fighting at
and prosperity are more evenly spread, it will not stand as tall as
Concord, a few miles away, the redcoats were harried back to
it once did. When other countries approach America's heights,
Boston. Everybody knows who won in the end.
they are better able to examine the quality of the fabric from
So good American consequences can follow foolhardy Brit-
which it is made.
ish actions-which, in our worse moments, is something we
That, too often, is now not exhilarating but just a muddle, a
might take as a watchword for this page, henceforth named after
state where checks and balances are an excuse for bickering and
that skirmish long ago, and dedicated to American politics and
irresponsibility. There is, for example, something deeply unlov-
current affairs. It makes sense, moreover, to start the new page
able about today's Congress, riddled with corruption and with
with an occasion whose essentials many of those who fought at
three sex scandals on the boil. When Mr Dick Cheney, the de-
Lexington would recognise today.
fence secretary, announced on January 29th the list of 35 bases
The president, says article II of the constitution, adopted just
he was thinking of closing, congressmen comically rushed to de-
11 years after Lexington, "shall from time to time give to the
fend their own slice of pork.
Congress information of the state of the union". On January
Yet it takes two to tango, and those who condemn the Con-
31st President George Bush did
gress out of hand should spread
so. The speech was heard in
the blame more fairly. The
that uniquely American atmo-
pork would not have been
sphere that hangs round the
there to defend had not the
president like a fog in a Dick-
Reagan administration man-
ens novel-part reverence,
aged its defence build-up SO
part sycophancy, but not quite
that every region of the country
either. It was 34 minutes long,
had a stake in its survival.
and interrupted by applause 35
There are other ways in which
times-applause with which, at
the administration is cynical. It
one time or another, everyone
is cynical to claim you wish to
present joined in.
be something you cannot be.
Well, not quite everyone.
President Bush made much of
Sitting directly in front of the
his education plans in the State
president, resolutely refusing to
of the Union speech; yet the
clap at the sound-bites, were
federal government is responsi-
Chief Justice Rehnquist and
ble for just 6% (and dropping)
other members of the Supreme
of the cash spent on education.
Court. Their presence, and
Whoever is able to improve the
their independence, would
quality of American education,
likewise have been familiar to
PORK
The
it will not be President Bush-
veterans of Lexington, as they
Pork Barrel
are to all Americans. To every-
Jango
though he will no doubt accept
any credit that may be going.
one else, however, they are a
Perhaps above all, the
mystery. No other nation has
world's new democrats will ask
ever dared to invent anything quite like America's Supreme
if their once-admired America is avoiding the really difficult di-
Court-an unelected body, applying doctrine based not on po-
lemmas. They will wonder how someone who calls himself the
litical whim, to reshape social and economic policy.
"environment president" can seem so uninterested (though so is
Uniqueness can fade
the Congress) in containing the urban sprawl that is disfiguring
this most beautiful of continents.
It is in the Supreme Court's role, above all, that the exhilarating
They will wonder about crime. In the first 30 days of January,
muddle of American democracy is made flesh-that muddle
46 people were murdered in Washington, DC (four were mur-
which stops a majority from doing whatever it wants, and which
dered in Belfast). Yet America's only contribution to penal re-
forces a chief executive to persuade others of the wisdom of his
form is to incarcerate and execute men and women in numbers
desires. But it is not just the Supreme Court that does this. Con-
that would shame any other democracy. Granted, on the day of
gress, too, has played its part; it is good to remember, in these
the State of the Union address, Mr Dick Thornburgh, the attor-
times, that Truman's containment of Russia after 1945 would
ney-general, did deprecate the unconscionably long time that
not have been possible but for the support of congressional lead-
people can stay on Death Row, though his solution, to dispatch
ers such as Senator Arthur Vandenberg.
them more quickly, owed more to a Chinese model of human
For most of the years since 1945, and for most democrats
rights than a Czech one.
elsewhere, the American model of democracy has been a beacon.
The message is simple. Of the world's new democrats, many
It has shone the more brightly because that democracy has
really do think of America-as President Bush said-as "not just
seemed to go hand in hand with a prosperity of which others
a nation but an idea alive in the minds of people everywhere".
could only dream. That is changing. America acknowledges that
But when criticism comes, America will demean itself if it acts
the world has changed; this was the theme of President Bush's
defensively. That was what the British did in Massachusetts.
30
THE ECONOMIST FEBRUARY 3 1990
KEMBLE, FANNY
326
certainly," said Miss Bremer, "though I am
Richard Kowalski was one of the greatest
not sure that I ought to see as many people as
black marketeers in the history of mod-
you are."
ern Poland. He was a totally illiterate
poor Jew whose wife, mother, and three
children had been slaughtered by the
KEMBLE, John Philip (1757-1823), British
Germans. He blamed his fate on poverty.
tragic actor and theatrical manager, brother of
In the 1960s he sold to the state 26 mil-
Sarah Siddons and uncle of Fanny Kemble.
lion zlotys' worth of water, a remarkable
coup in view of the fact that the contract
1 Playing one of his celebrated roles in a
called for wine. When his increasing
country theater, Kemble was constantly inter-
wealth could no longer be ignored, the
rupted by the crying of a young child. Finally
militia called him in for interrogation.
Kemble came to the front of the stage and an-
The interrogator said, "Mr. Kowalski, do
nounced, "Ladies and gentlemen, unless the
us a favor. Stop making money. Don't
play is stopped, the child cannot possibly go
you understand our economic system?"
on."
Kowalski reflected sadly, then said, "I
never learned to read and I never learned
2 Kemble was once in conversation with a
to write. What else is there left for me to
gentleman who had just returned from a visit to
do but make money?"
Sydney, Australia, and who spoke of the flour-
ishing condition of the theater there. "Yes,"
- from Stewart Steven, The Poles
remarked Kemble, "the performers ought to be
all good, for they have been selected and sent
to that situation by very excellent judges."
KEMBLE, Fanny [Frances Anne] (1809-93),
KEMBLE, Stephen (1758-1822), British actor
British actress. She played many of the principal
and theatrical manager; brother of John Philip
women's roles in Shakespearean and later En-
Kemble.
glish drama. Having married an American, she
lived between 1832 and 1877 in the United
1 As an actor Stephen Kemble was eclipsed
States.
by other members of his illustrious clan. His
main claim to fame was his huge bulk, which
1 Wishing to explore the countryside of
enabled him to play Falstaff without any pad-
Massachusetts, where she was spending a sum-
ding. One night, Kemble awoke early at the
mer vacation, Miss Kemble hired a local farmer
country inn at which he was staying to find a
to drive her around. As they set off on their first
diminutive figure standing at his bedside. Rais-
excursion, the farmer embarked on a detailed
ing his massive body to a sitting position, Kem-
description of the area. Fanny brusquely inter-
ble asked for an explanation. "I am a dwarf
rupted him: "I hired you to drive me, not talk
come to exhibit at the fair tomorrow, and
to me." The farmer said no more until the end
have mistaken the bedchamber," replied the
of the holiday, when he presented his bill. Miss
intruder. "I suppose you are a giant come for
Kemble studied it for a moment or two. Point-
the same purpose."
ing to one entry, she asked: "What is this
item?"
"Sass, five dollars," drawled the farmer. "I
KENNEDY, John Fitzgerald (1917-63), 35d
don't often take it, but when I do I charge."
president of the United States (1961-63). The
first Roman Catholic to become president, Km
2 The Swedish novelist Fredrika Bremer had
nedy made a great impact on the nation before
suffered a heavy cold, and the versatile Miss
he was assassinated in 1963.
Kemble, then at the height of her many-faceted
fame, came to call on her. "I hope you are
1 During World War II Kennedy held Pacific a -
feeling sufficiently recovered to see people,"
mission in the US navy and served in the in
said the actress as she entered. "Oh, yes,
In August 1943 in Blackett Strait
ON SOCIETY
BY JOHN LEO
Our misguided speech police
eformers have just unfurled a sweeping plan to
heard comment in a restaurant count? Perhaps "He's too
R
eliminate all expressions of prejudice among Cali-
old for her" (age bias) or "The rich are too greedy" (so-
fornia's 128,000 lawyers: a ban on words or conduct
cioeconomic bias)? How about an off-color joke, or criti-
reflecting any bias in race, sex, religion, national origin,
cism of a church for its abortion policy? The California
disability, age, sexual orientation or socioeconomic status.
code piously exempts "legitimate advocacy" from its new
Does this sound familiar?
surveillance; but then, what is "legitimate"?
It should. It is an off-campus version of the now notorious
The state bar association should look at what the codes
college speech codes. Muzzlers are on the march. Just when
have done to colleges where authorities monitor dormi-
we thought we had the speech police pinned down on the
tory posters, wisecracks, comments on physical appear-
college campuses, they have broken out into the real world,
ance and such forbidden classroom opinions as "I think
moving down into the high schools
men are better than women in this
BONNIE TIMMONS FOR USN&WR
and up into the professions.
field." To its credit, the American
We are living in the golden age of
Civil Liberties Union of Southern
censorship. The right wants to censor
California, which had waffled on col-
pornography, rap and rock singers,
lege codes, came out instantly
military news, J. D. Salinger's "Catch-
against this speech-control plan. But
er in the Rye," photos showing Rob-
it is still alive, and doubtless we will
ert Mapplethorpe's idea of a good
see many more like it before the fe-
time and the burning of the American
ver of censorship passes.
flag. The left wants to censor tobacco
Why does the left behave this
ads, girlie calendars and sex jokes in
way? Because it has only one model
the workplace, Saturday morning TV,
for coping with prejudice and group
Eurocentric schoolbooks, Andy Roo-
conflict: Emphasize victimization,
ney, many college newspapers, all
cite a "hostile environment" and fol-
sorts of speech and the waving of the
low with litigation and punishment.
Confederate flag. (Sometimes the
This approach clearly doesn't work.
American flag too. During the gulf
It seems spectacularly counterpro-
war, the sensitivity-prone University
ductive, increasing antagonism, split-
of Maryland briefly ruled that stu-
ting campuses apart and crippling
dents would not be permitted to hang
academic freedom. Now similar ruin
American flags from dorm windows
will apparently be sought in the non-
because they might offend antiwar
academic world.
people. Though the flag is always
In a different but related context
burnable, it is not always waveable.)
(feminist antipornography laws), po-
Modern methods. The itch to censor
litical scientist Jean- Bethke Elshtain
will always be with us, but has the
of Vanderbilt University argued that
urge to control the speech of ordinary Americans ever
liberalism is locked into this losing strategy. Lacking any
been so popular? By examining the college codes, we can
language of public morality, she says, and equipped only
see the modern method for achieving this control. First,
with a pinched view of society as a set of rights-bearing
skip over any attempt to appeal to decency, leadership or
individuals, liberals must use overinflated rhetoric, unre-
nonpunitive community standards that might moderate
lenting victimization and a parade of aggrieved litigants
conflict or bring touchy groups together. Instead, adopt
having to prove damages to make anything happen.
the victimization model, portraying the client groups as
Of all the campus speech-code incidents, the only one
amazingly weak, resourceless and fragile students in a sea
in which I thought a fairly strong case could have been
of permanently hostile bigots. This will justify very serious
made for the college's restrictive policy was the recent
penalties, including expulsion. (It will also enrage those
one at Brown. The university expelled a student accused
depicted as permanently hostile bigots.) Combine these
of shouting antiblack, antigay and antisemitic slurs during
harsh and very specific penalties with a list of offenses kept
a drunken late-night stroll across campus. The case could
as generic and misty as possible. The vagueness of the
have been made that as a repeat offender on probation,
offenses and the possibility of ominous, complicated pro-
the student had failed to observe minimum community
ceedings will create the desired air of uncertainty and
standards of decency at a private university. But the uni-
intimidation, even in private conversation with another
versity president, Vartan Gregorian, chose not to go that
student who might report to the speech police.
route. Instead he argued that although the student was
Note how the California plan follows the campus ones.
entitled to free speech, his epithets had constituted harm-
Penalties are very clear, ranging from public reprimand to
ful action. This was universally known to be preposterous.
disbarment. Offenses are vague. No one knows which re-
The bigoted midnight musings of a largely unheard drunk
marks are trouble or whether the program covers private
had harmed no one at all. But locked into the language of
as well as professional speech. Would a lawyer's over-
victimization, what else could Gregorian have done?
U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT. APRIL 8, 1991
25
Photo Copy Preservation
BUSH'S
WAR
BY ERNEST B. FORGURSON
he rush of wind
T
revived the skinny
young Navy pilot.
He realized he was fall-
ing fast toward the sea.
Helooked up. Severaltorn panels
streamed up from his parachute,
ripped outof the canopy like slic-
es from a pie.
As he plunged toward the water, he could
see the bomb-pitted Japanese installations on
Chichi-jima, one of the Bonin Islands. The
wind blew him in that direction. He slipped out
of his parachute harness just before he hit the
sea, but after the impact he was pulled under by
his heavy flying gear. Gasping, he fought to the
surface. Blood streamed down his face as he
began to tread water.
Above him, a friendly fighter swooped
down, then pulled up, pointing him toward the
yellow one-man life raft that had broken free of
his parachute harness as he fell. Struggling
through the chop stirred by the onshore wind,
he swam slowly toward the raft. As he stroked,
the tentacle of a floating jellyfish raked across
his arm, stinging it.
When he finally reached the inflatable raft,
he threw himself across it, then climbed in. His
heart pounding, he sat with his six-foot, three-
inch frame folded awkwardly into the tiny raft.
Still running on adrenaline, not knowing how
/) 15 when The was stabed,
when Pear Harbor.
45 yrs, this December
close the enemy was. he pulled out the
he banked this way and dived that way.
"the main thing was the people," in a
.38 pistol he carried on every combat
He is frank about the terror that envel-
variety he had never known before.
flight and checked it. He could not tell
oped him after his plane was shot down.
"different people from different parts of
how badly his head was injured: he
and frank. too, about his determination
the country, from all walks of life.
could only judge by the broad streak of
to survive. And he speaks candidly of
He entered the Navy the week after
blood. He splashed Mercurochrome
the long Pacific nights when what had
the Battle of Midway, the first decisive
from his survival kit across his face.
happened helped him put his life into
naval battle in history in which surface
Nothing in his carefree davs at Ando-
perspective.
ships played no combat role at all. It
ver. nothing in the years before he enlist-
confirmed the age of the aircraft carrier
ed in the Navy on his eighteenth birth-
He was only seventeen. a senior at Phil-
The Navy wanted more pilots. and it
day. nothing even in the emergency
lips Academy in Andover. Massachu-
wanted them quickly.
drills in flight training had prepared him
setts. when the Japanese attacked Pearl
Bush's class was rushed through pre-
for this. Alone on the sea, he had to
Harbor. His father. Prescott Bush. had
flight, and then he was sent to Wold
reach deep inside himself to stay calm.
been a World War I officer in France.
Chamberlain Naval Air Station at Min-
to assess his predicament.
neapolis for primary flight training.
His first thought was of the steady
There he learned to fly in the "Yellow
wind pushing against the little raft. driv-
Smoke pouring out of
Peril." the Stearman biplane that looked
ing him toward the enemy island he had
like a survivor of the Lafayette Esca-
just bombed. Desperately, he started
the engine, flames
drille but was beloved by a generation of
paddling with both hands. leaning for-
sweeping back along his
military student pilots. In its open cock-
ward. reaching into the sea. pumping
pit, students and instructors had to wear
hard in hopes of at least holding his own
wings, Bush continued
masks against the bitter Minnesota cold.
rather than be pushed onto the enemy
his bomb run.
Some got frostbitten faces. Bush was
beach.
delighted to pass the course and head
As he paddled. the salt water he had
next for Gulf sunshine at Corpus Christi.
swallowed combined with his fear and
"Until I got there I don't think I'd
the chop of the sea to make him violently
later a partner in the Wall Street banking
ever landed except on snow or ice," he
ill. Throwing up as he paddled. hardly
house of Brown Brothers, Harriman-a
remembers. From basic he went to ad-
daring to look back. he worried about his
stylish man and a moderate Republican.
vance training in the SNJ-North Amer-
two crewmen. He had seen nothing of
I remember him best for the bow ties and
ica's AT-6 Texan in Army nomencla-
them since he had dived out of the plane.
two-tone summer shoes he wore with his
ture-a plane later familiar to four
And then he remembered what he had
crisply tailored suits as I looked down on
decades of moviegoers because pro-
been told on that September morning in
him from the press gallery years later,
ducers so often use it to simulate Japa-
1944 before his flight took off from the
during his two terms in the United States
nese Zero fighters.
USS San Jacinto: His ship. in Task
Senate. George Bush's mother. Dorothy
Bush earned his Navy wings and his
Force 58. the fast carrier group headed
Walker, was the daughter of a St. Louis
gold ensign's bars at the same time, in
by Admiral Marc Mitscher. would turn
banker. Young Bush, brought up in
early June of 1943, He was still eigh-
south that day to join Admiral Bull Hal-
comfort in Greenwich, Connecticut, had
teen-the youngest commissioned pilot
sey's task force to begin the pre-landing
no great career ambitions. He was clean-
in the Navy. Assigned to torpedo bomb-
attack on the Palau Islands. If Lieutenant
cut, a good athlete, a boy fascinated by
ers, he took training flights out of Fort
(j.g.) George H.W. Bush was not picked
airplanes and the Navy.
Lauderdale, Florida, and Chincoteague,
up that morning, he was unlikely to be
Then came Pearl Harbor.
Virginia. Then he was assigned to a
picked up at all.
"The whole country was so together.
ship, the USS San Jacinto, and from her
so unified. that I was swept up in it; I
deck made practice raids on targets up
George Bush today is reluctant to talk
became determined that very day; I
and down the East Coast. After a shake-
publicly about all this.
made up my mind to go into the service
down cruise to Trinidad. she sailed
To do the natural thing-to bring it up
and be a naval aviator. My parents per-
through the Panama Canal for the Pacif-
in routine conversation-would be for
suaded me to wait till I graduated that
ic war.
him like putting on an American Legion
spring on June 4 or 5. And then, on my
cap and flaunting his wartime service.
eighteenth birthday, June 12. I was
1942 On May 3, 1944, the San Jacinto eased
Critics would call such behavior a politi-
sworn in, in Boston, as a seaman second
through the dawn mists and headed west
cal effort to assert his manhood, as they
class, which was what you did to become
out of Pearl Harbor. She was a convert-
did some of the wisecracks for which he
an aviation cadet. I knew I wanted to be a
ed cruiser-her keel had been laid to be
was derided during last fall's campaign.
pilot. I don't know why, because I'd
that of the cruiser Newark. But after
Somehow it is more becoming for
never flown.
Pearl Harbor and Midway the Navy set
Ronald Reagan, who fought World War
"My dad put me on the train at Penn
its course toward carrier war, and she
II on movie lots in Culver City, to wave
Station in New York. I was admittedly
rose from the ways as a 10,000-ton light
the flag and talk about the war than it is
somewhat nervous at going off like that,
carrier instead. She flew the Lone Star
for Vice President Bush, who was nearly
although I'd been away from home at
flag from her masthead below the Stars
killed in combat. But the World War II
boarding school for about five years. I
and Stripes; after the sinking of the USS
experience is an essential part of George
didn't know a soul. We were all crowded
Houston the citizens of that city had dou-
Bush, and no one can understand him
on the train, and off we went to Chapel
bled their bond-drive quota to replace
who does not know about it. When he
Hill, North Carolina."
the missing cruiser. The leftover funds
finally is cajoled into opening up, it all
Among the cadets with him at pre-
went into another ship, and for it Hous-
comes out in a flood of detail, as if he has
flight school was Ted Williams, the Red
tonians chose the name San Jacinto. She
wanted to talk about it for a long time.
Sox slugger, who would become a Ma-
was top-heavy, thin-skinned. and lightly
He leans back in his White House
rine fighter pilot. He and most of the
armed, but fast, carrying 34 planes at a
office and begins the combat pilot's typi-
other students in the program were in
top speed of 34 knots. Now, heading
cal gesturing with his hands about how
awe of the famous hitter. But for Bush,
west, she joined Task Force 58.
134 The Washingtonian/August 1985
Ensign George Bush was aboard as
scrambled to engage the incoming air-
Avenger back to the San Jacinto.
pilot of a TBM. the General Motors-
craft. Bush and other bomber pilots took
built version of the Grumman Avenger.
off to protect their precious planes.
For George Bush. that was only the
It was an awkward-looking. barrel-like
Poised on the catapult. he looked down
faintest foreshadowing of what was to
bomber. the biggest carrier-based plane
again at his instruments and realized that
come.
in the Navy. Behind its single. radial
he had engine trouble: There was no oil
Even on days when the carrier had no
engine sat the pilot. behind him a rear
pressure. Bush waved to abort his
contact with the enemy, violent death
gunner. and below. armed with a ma-
launch. but it was too late-his Avenger
was near at hand. On one occasion a
chine gun angled downward to the rear.
was catapulted into the air. After he was
pilot came in to land, missed, and
was the radioman, The Avenger was sta-
aloft a few minutes. the engine sput-
crashed into a gun mount a few feet from
ble. rugged. versatile-and slow until it
tered. He flew back along the starboard
Bush. The pilot's leg suddenly fell in
nosed over into a dive. Bush learned to
side of the ship: during radio silence,
front of Bush-"quivering. separated.
love it. He remembers it as a forgiving
that was the way to signal the need to
he recalls. "The guy got cut in half. and
plane to fly. and the easiest in his experi-
make an emergency landing. But the
we young guys were standing there.
ence to bring aboard a carrier. because it
stunned, when this big chief came along
was not as hard to hold down on a bounc-
yelling to the crew, 'All right, clean
ing deck as some of the hotter. lighter
He started paddling hard
this mess up.' and everybody snapped
planes.
back."
His first combat was a May 23 raid on
with both hands, in hopes
Uneventful antisubmarine patrols, oc-
Japanese-held Wake Island, where US
of at least holding his own
casionally varied by swooping attacks
Marines had created a legend in fighting
against heavily defended enemy islands,
off the enemy fleet in the dark days
rather than be pushed onto
occupied the San Jacinto through that
shortly after Pearl Harbor. As the Amer-
the enemy beach.
summer. On September 1, squadron
ican amphibious thrust across the central
VT-51 hit Japanese radio stations on
Pacific gathered momentum. he flew
Chichi-jima in the Bonin Islands, at-
low-level cover through heavy antiair-
tempting to cut off communications for
craft fire for landings at Guam and Sai-
deck officer waved him off, and "I had
the forthcoming invasion of the Palau
pan. His roommate failed to return from
to go land the damn thing` in the sea.
Islands.
one of those sorties.
**I went up ahead of the fleet and
Bush's wing man, Milton Moore, re-
Rarely were the missions of VT-51,
brought it down. That wasn't a big, he-
members that *they had a lot of antiair-
the San Jacinto's torpedo squadron. tor-
roic thing, [but] I never had done it be-
craft there, in a situation where they
pedo runs: almost all were either anti-
fore. It was a little scary. He tells why:
could get you in a crossfire whichever
submarine patrols or glide-bombing
"I was concerned the depth charges in-
way you came in." One of their com-
raids on land targets. Occasionally, as at
side might jar loose, or a ship might
panions was shot down that day, but the
Saipan. the squadron would roar over
come up behind me and get hurt. But I
enemy radio stations were still function-
enemy forces and towns strafing
didn't have time to go out somewhere
ing. VT-51 would have to return the next
"We could see those troops going
and dump them." And so, sitting atop
day.
ashore and the big guns firing over them
four 500-pound depth charges, he set the
In the ready room on the morning of
from the battleships.' Bush says. "and
big plane down on the calm sea. As Bush
September 2. the fliers were told that
all I could do was count my blessings I
tells it, he and his crew hardly got their
after the day's operation their force
was up there instead of down below.
feet wet before being picked up by a
would turn south for a rendezvous
destroyer.
hundreds of miles away with Admiral
Bush and his crew were like a trio cast
But his gunner. Nadeau. now of Ra-
Halsey's unit. to assemble for the next
for a wartime movie-the well-to-do
mona, California. says: ''I was scared as
amphibious assault on Peleliu, one of the
young pilot from Connecticut: the dark.
hell riding on 2.000 pounds of TNT, but
Palau Islands. A family friend of
cocky Leo Nadeau, from Massachu-
Bush made a beautiful landing. We skid-
Bush's-a Yale graduate and ship's gun-
setts. in the gun turret behind him: and
ded along until the nose dropped. Then it
nery officer from St. Paul, Minnesota,
the all-Irish radioman, John Delaney,
was like hitting a stone wall." Nadeau
named William G. (Ted) White-asked
from Rhode Island, in the belly. Each
remembers that he and Bush made it to
if he could go along with Bush that day.
had his girlfriend's name painted on the
their life raft without incident but that the
He never had been on a raid, he said, and
plane beside his station: Bush's read
radioman, Delaney, who was injured,
he would like to take Nadeau's spot as
BARBIE (for Barbara Pierce, his wife-to-
couldn't climb out of the plane. Nadeau
gunner. Bush said it was supposed to be
be), and he carried a photo of her to
went back across the wing, crawled over
a tough mission. but if the commanding
show his friends.
the fuselage, and pulled Delaney up
officer approved, it was all right with
On the little carrier, pilot officers and
through the gunner's turret.
him. Approval was granted. so White
enlisted air crewmen shared the same
When they got back to the raft, its line
was strapped into the seat behind Bush
ready room, and there was a lot of cama-
was tangled, so they cut their survival kit
when four Avengers from the San Jacin-
raderie among them. Bush won his
loose and Bush rowed as hard as he
to, working with eight Helldivers and a
crew's respect as a steady-nerved flier-
could to get them' away from the sinking
dozen Hellcat fighters off the USS En-
"We took very few wave-offs," Nadeau
plane. When it sank out of sight, the
terprise, took off at 7:15 AM. Each of the
remembers, "and those were because of
depth charges exploded.
Avengers carried four 500-pound
equipment on deck or something."
Nadeau remembers that the three men
bombs.
The Bush crew passed a test together
had no radio and could not use their
The defensive fire at Chichi-jima was
when the Japanese struck during the bat-
signaling mirror for fear the Japanese
intense. Don Melvin, VT-51 squadron
tle for the Marianas. More than 300 ene-
would spot them. But soon they were
commander, led the first pair of bombers
my aircraft attacked the American fleet.
picked up by a destroyer, the USS Bron-
in. They destroyed a radio tower and
on June 19 in what the ship's diary called
son, and after two days were put aboard
damaged the surrounding buildings.
"one of the biggest air battles of the
a carrier via breeches buoy and rope
Bush then came in, with Milt Moore
war." While the San Jacinto's fighters
line. Bush then flew a brand-new
Continued on page 166
August 1985/The Washingtonian 135
And then. out of the depths. barely
Bush's War
100 yards away. poked a periscope. fol-
lowed by a shiny black tower. For a
Continued from page 135
moment Bush feared it was Japanese.
following. By this time. enemy fire was
Then suddenly there was a hull. and
focused on the Avengers as they ap-
American sailors running on the subma-
proached their target. Bush nosed over
rine's deck. Within minutes he was
into a 30-degree glide. straight on
aboard, and then the ship slid silently
course-"and then all hell broke
back below.
loose." Antiaircraft fire hit his engine.
"You could see all this stuff all
Only then. aboard the USS Finback, did
around. these black explosions.' Bush
Bush learn that only one other parachute
says. "I saw quite a few around me. And
had emerged from his plane-and that it
then it was like somebody had just taken
had streamed out. never opening. The
this chair and lifted it up with a jolt. he
third crewman had gone into the sea with
recalls. slamming his hands against the
the plane. Whether this crewman was hit
seat of his chair. "Smoke started pour-
by gunfire and unable to get out. Bush
ing out of the damn thing. It's hard to
still does not know. He still does not
remember the details. I looked at the
know whether it was family friend Ted
instruments. and we were going down
White or radioman John Delaney whose
fast. I pulled out over the island and
parachute never opened.
realized I was in trouble."
George Bush was seventeen, a senior
He did not learn till much later that
Others in his flight can picture it still.
at Phillips Academy in Andover,
Japanese officers on Chichi-jima were
"He was unlucky,' says Don Melvin.
Massachusetts, when the Japanese at-
accused in postwar trials of executing
"He was in the wrong spot at the wrong
tacked Pearl Harbor. Here he poses
American fliers captured in the Bonin
instant. Melvin thinks the shell must
for a rugby team photo; less than a
Islands and even of practicing cannibal-
have. hit an oil line. You could have
week after graduation he was sworn
ism on them. Life magazine reported
seen that smoke for 100 miles."
into the Navy.
after the armistice that the tribunal was
Smoke pouring out of the engine.
told that US airmen were clubbed. bayo-
flames sweeping back along his wings,
behind us. and he called, 'Chutes!'
neted, and beheaded. that their livers
Bush continued his bomb run. He does
After heading back out to sea, Bush
were served in sukiyaki and strips of
not elaborate on that part. The citation
leveled the plane to give his crew time to
their flesh used to flavor soup.
accompanying his Distinguished Flying
bail out. When Bush himself plunged
Bush can joke now that. skinny as he
Cross is only a little less laconic:
over the side, he banged his head on the
was then, he would have made no more
"Opposed by intense antiaircraft fire.
tail and jerked his parachute ripcord too
than an hors d'oeuvre. But there was no
his plane was hit and set afire as he
soon. The chute caught on the tail, but
joking then. His joy over being picked
commenced his dive. In spite of smoke
by pure luck tore free. He fell. too fast.
up faded when he realized that he was
and flames from the fire in his plane. he
Although stunned by the blow to his
going to learn something new about the
continued in his dive and scored damag-
head, he managed to slip his harness
war. The Finback was beginning an ex-
ing bomb hits on the radio station before
before he hit the water. The chute blew
tended combat patrol in enemy waters.
bailing out of his plane. His courage and
off toward the island. His seat-pack life
Aviator Bush had many hours of com-
complete disregard for his own safety.
raft had fallen free. When a Hellcat
bat experience-before the war was over
both in pressing home his attack in the
swooped and drew his attention to the
he would log 1,228 hours of flying time.
face of intense and accurate antiaircraft
raft, he swam for it. After pulling him-
126 carrier landings, 58 combat mis-
fire and in continuing in his dive on the
self aboard. his first reflex was to check
sions-but he was not trained for the
target after being hit and his plane on
his pistol. **I pulled that thing out to see
claustrophobic life of the submariner.
fire, were at all times in keeping with the
if it was working. I didn't know what in
'We got depth-charged; we got
highest traditions of the United States
hell I was going to do with it.
bombed by a Nell bomber while we were
Naval Service."
He did not know that the Japanese had
running on the surface," he recalls.
put out two boats from shore, less than
"We sank a lot of enemy tonnage, and
That is accurate as far as it goes, but it
two miles away, and were heading out to
the skipper got a Silver Star for the sub's
was more complicated than that. "I real-
pick him up. Don Melvin and Milt
performance on that patrol. But that
ized I was in serious trouble," Bush
Moore flew overhead briefly, but after
depth-charging got to me. It just shook
recalls, "when I saw the flames moving
radioing Bush's position moved off so
the boat, you know, and those guys
back along the crease in the wing, where
they would not give it away to the watch-
would say, 'Oh, that wasn't close.' It
it folds aboard ship. That's where the
ing enemy. Doug West, the fourth
didn't bother them, but it bothered me.
fuel tanks were. I figured, 'Well, I've
Avenger pilot, and some of the escorting
"It was funny; they'd say it must be
just had this thing now.
I couldn't
Hellcats strafed the Japanese boats and
awful flying a plane, but I thought it was
see the instruments for the smoke. There
drove them away. Then it was Bush,
awful just sitting in this one place. On a
was a procedure to get on the radio to
alone, on the ocean.
plane you can do something, move the
notify any submarine in the area, or hope
He paddled steadily with his hands to
stick, but down there
you're notifying them: you just go to a
keep the raft away from the enemy is-
"They were all doing something, run-
certain frequency. But I didn't know
land. He worked at it an hour, two
ning around to battle stations. It was a
whether I was transmitting or not."
hours-sick, fatigued, vomiting. He
team; everybody had something to do,
Milt Moore, directly behind Bush,
grieved. wondering what had happened
but I didn't." Living at close quarters,
says: "He got hit and went on in, smok-
to his crewmen. ''It seemed
just the
wanting to feel a part of the team, he
ing. I pulled up to him, then he lost
end of the world." he recalls. He won-
volunteered for the duty of censoring
power and I went sailing by him. My
dered whether he or his men would ever
outgoing mail. "You were together and
gunner was the only one who could see
be found.
shared the other fellow's joys and sor-
166 The Washingtonian/August 1985
rows. you saw what the crewmen were
thinking. Human friendships came
through. That's always been important
to me. making and keeping friends. un-
derstanding people. It was all put in
bright colors by that experience."
Bush also took his turn standing
watch-at night. when the sub ran quiet-
ly on the surface to recharge its batteries.
He says one of the most vivid recollec-
tions of his life is of standing watch on
the conning tower. "The stars were so
close you could just touch them. the sky
was so clear, and the waves breaking
over the bow of that sub
It was there that he had time to think.
And it was there, during those long
hours of Pacific darkness. that twenty-
year-old George Bush first got a bearing
on his own place beneath the stars.
Now. after two decades as politician
and diplomat, he can elaborate fluently
on strategic-arms policy and tax reform.
but he still has trouble spelling out things
so intensely personal. Prodded about it,
he muses. groping: **It was a maturing
George Bush's homecoming was joyful for more reasons than survival: He and
experience
Things just took on a
Barbara Pierce, daughter of the publisher of McCall's magazine, were married
better perspective. There never was any
in Rye, New York. Bush wore his blue uniform and wings.
question for me about why are we doing
this: there was never any doubt about
Christmas. he was ordered back to the
buses across America. Bush was sent to
our cause in the war. All that was crys-
States.
Florida, then Michigan, retraining for
tal-clear.
assignment to another carrier for the fi-
"But I had vivid recollections about
The Christmas season of 1944 was one
nal assault on Japan. Leaving Michigan,
what my mother and dad meant to me,
of the most sentimental times in Ameri-
he bought his first car, a 1940 Plymouth.
and Barbara. We were engaged at the
can history. People were not ashamed to
He left the Naval Auxiliary Airfield in
time. I thought about the people around
show emotions. Strangers could act as if
Lewiston, Maine, a few days before the
me. the differences in our experiences.
they loved each other. Popular songs
war in Europe ended. He remembers
our backgrounds. There wasn't a sudden
like "Sentimental Journey" and ''I'll
little about that day except "feeling re-
revelation of what I wanted to do with
Walk Alone' said what people thought.
lief that the killing in Europe was over.
the rest of my life. but there was an
It was in December of '44 that orchestra
But my war was still very active, and I
awakening.
leader Glenn Miller. traveling in a small
expected to go back to the Pacific."
"There's no question that underlying
plane from England en route to France,
Although eager for an end to the war,
all that were my own religious beliefs.
disappeared without a trace. December
the whole country dreaded what was yet
he says. "In my own view there's got to
saw the Germans launch the Battle of the
to come, the final assault on Japan. But
be some kind of destiny or something,
Bulge. Telegrams with news of the
before Bush received orders to return to
[and] I'm being spared for something on
killed and missing in action poured into
combat, atomic bombs were dropped on
earth
We hear about foxhole Chris-
American homes. The end of the war
Hiroshima and Nagasaki. On V-J Day,
tians and praying, but there's no ques-
seemed far away.
Born
he and Barbara were at Virginia Beach,
tion that I was thanking the Lord for
To all this George Bush now returned,
where he was flying out of Oceana Naval
saving my life out there. It's all mixed
1924.
leapfrogging back across the Pacific,
Air Station. After Harry Truman's an-
in.
across the country to Connecticut. He
nouncement at 7 in the evening, they
Mixed in, too, were nights below
arrived home on Christmas Eve. He still
joined the thousands of sailors and girls
20
deck when he dreamed about being shot
gets a bit misty remembering it. 'There
who streamed into the streets of Virginia
down again, woke up in fear that his
was just joy, the combination of Christ-
Beach, partying unto exhaustion.
plane was blazing around him. This
mas plus all that had happened. There
"It was unbelievable joy, rejoicing
went on for weeks, and then the battered
were a lot of tears, and a lot of hug-
with our fellow pilots down the street,
submarine returned triumphantly to
ging"-and for further good reason. He
with this tremendous outpouring of emo-
Pearl Harbor. Bush had the option of
and Barbara Pierce, daughter of the pub-
tion. We were free to live normal lives.
rotating home after his experience, but
lisher of McCall's magazine, were mar-
The killing would be stopped-nine or
after a rest-and-recuperation break in
ried on that home leave. His wingman,
ten of the fourteen original pilots of our
Hawaii he chose to island-hop back to
Milt Moore, was there as a groomsman.
squadron had been lost
Guam and then fly southwest to the fleet
Bush wore his blue uniform and wings
"I remember laughing, yelling-
anchorage at Ulithi, rejoining his com-
and stood beside the dark-haired, ele-
crying, too. The impact of the announce-
rades aboard the San Jacinto eight weeks
gantly gowned Barbara at the First Pres-
ment was unbelievable. We jumped and
from the day he was shot down.
byterian Church in her hometown of
yelled and cried like kids We were
Subsequently, he flew bombing
Rye, New York.
kids-seasoned by war, but kids.
strikes with VT-51 against enemy ship-
Now they were a Navy couple, like
After the first burst of Joy, the Bushes
ping in Manila Bay and land targets in
millions of other service couples drag-
went to church before returning home to
the Philippines. And then, just before
ging themselves on and off trains and
bed. It had been a serious war.
August 1985/The Washingtonian 167
U.S.NEWS
Forward march. Gen. Colin Powell rides taller as he reviews the troops at Fort McPherson. Ga., his command before his new job
Breaking barriers in the barracks
share of the most dangerous and dirty
incidents and harassment in the services
A black man and a white
jobs until President Harry Truman de-
still surface from time to time. And,
woman show that the armed
segregated the armed forces in 1948.
notes Ruffin. "the promotion process is
"Since that time, the opportunities for
not totally free of racial subjectivity. But
forces still lead the pack
blacks in the military have been better
it's a lot less of a factor in the military."
in promoting social change
than in civilian life," says David C. Ruf-
A "sea change." Indeed, today, blacks
fin of the Joint Center for Political Stud-
hold more management positions in the
W
hen it comes to social progress,
ies in Washington. "You could make
military than they do in any other sector
the warrior-dominated, tradi-
general or admiral, whereas you couldn't
of American society. In the Army, long in
tion-oriented. rigidly ruled
rise to become CEO of a corporation."
the forefront. of minority recruiting and
armed services are among the best places
Minority advancement has continued
advancement. blacks have risen from con-
to find enlightenment. That was dramati-
to grow steadily, especially since the
stituting 3.3 percent of the officer corps in
cally demonstrated last week when a
Vietnam War. In 1969. only 2.1 percent
1968 to 10.7 percent last year-twice the
black man and a white woman were ap-
of officers in all services were black. Ten
proportion in the Air Force and Marines
pointed to high-prestige, high-visibility
years later, the proportion had doubled.
and three times that of the Navy. Eighteen
posts never held before by persons of
and by 1989 it had tripled to 6.6 percent.
years ago. there were only two black
their race or gender. The black man is
while the representation of all minority
generals. Now. there are 37. "It's really
Army Gen. Colin- Powell. a 52-year-old
races in the officer corps had risen to
been a sea change since the days when I
son of Jamaican immigrants who was
11.2 percent. To be sure. reports of racist
came in," Powell said recently. But it may
named by President Bush to be the next
well be the enlisted ranks
chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the
that have provided the big-
top job in the uniformed military. The
gest lift for minorities and
white woman is-Kristin Baker, a 20-year-
the underprivileged. The
old self-described "Army brat" who was
chance for a steady job, gen-
chosen First Captain of the Corps of
erous health and education
Cadets at West Point. Baker says that she
benefits and the opportuni-
was chosen to oversee her 4.400 fellow
ty to compete fairly and
caders purely for her abilities and by an
command others regardless
Army that doesn't discriminate. "I really
of race have given many
think it's an individual thing. A good
minority youngsters the
woman is going to go places. Just as a
self-respect they could not
good male is." she told U.S. News.
find in the outside world.
To many who serve in the military
Powell knew this when
and study the institution. Baker's words
he left his South Bronx
ring true. But that was not always the
melting-pot neighborhood
case. Blacks held a disproportionate
Captain their captain. Kristin Baker leads at West Point
in 1958 to join the Army.
26
Photo Copy Preservation
U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT. Aug. 21. 1989
ON THE LAW
A criminal lack of common sense
he life story of Warren Bland is one
BY JOHN LEO
T
evidence linking him to Ho. He was
of those tales evenly divided be-
charged with her murder.
tween the viciousness of the criminal and the folly of
Enter the Feds. Larry Burns, an assistant U.S. Attor-
the criminal-justice system. Consider this career:
ney in San Diego, filed federal charges against Bland
In 1958, Bland stuck a knife in the stomach of a man
under the Armed Career Criminal Act, the brainchild of
in a Los Angeles bar and got off with probation. In
Senator Arlen Specter (R-Pa.). This fairly new, fairly
1960, he was arrested in a series of sexual assaults on
obscure legislation was passed in 1984. As originally writ-
women in Los Angeles County. Three women fought
ten, it provided that anyone caught with a gun after three
back and avoided rape. One had her jaw broken in the
burglaries or robbery felonies will go to jail for a mini-
process. Originally charged with one rape, three attempt-
mum of 15 years to a maximum of life imprisonment,
ed rapes, a kidnapping and a robbery, he plea-bargained
with no possibility of parole. The act was amended and
down to one rape and one kidnapping and was sent to a
enlarged in 1986 to apply to anyone who had committed
state mental hospital under the state's "mentally disor-
three crimes of violence or serious drug offenses.
dered sex offender" program, which has since been aban-
In his brief to the court, Burns noted dryly that "a
doned. The hospital warned that Bland was a sexual
public perception has arisen, in California in particular,
psychopath who would be "assaultive and/or homi-
that the stewards of our criminal-justice system have
cidal toward women" if released.
failed to come to grips in a real-
For seven years, Bland was
istic and common-sense manner
studied, interviewed, counseled,
with the mounting crime wave."
psychoanalyzed and "treated."
This is lawyerly understatement.
In the process, the hospital dis-
What he might have said is that
regarded its own warning. Al-
the state of California botched
ways expert at simulating reha-
the Bland case for three decades
bilitation, Bland was hailed in a
and is implicated by its incompe-
probation report for his "com-
tence in the savage murder of
plete change and attitude toward
little Phoebe Ho. It has known
his problem," and the hospital
for 29 years that Bland is a vio-
set him free.
lent sexual psychopath, yet it let
Within months, he was back
him go five times.
at his chosen life's work, violent
This casual approach did not
sexual attacks. He was convicted
end with Bland's latest arrest in
of two more rapes. At his sen-
Pacific Beach. Nearly three years
tencing, another dark report an-
after Ho's death, the Riverside
nounced that Bland was "clearly
County prosecutor still has not
a dangerous individual who war-
managed to hold even a prelimi-
BONNIE TIMMONS FOR USN&WR
rants segregation from society
nary hearing in the case. If it
for the longest time that is possible under existing laws."
continues at its current pace, the case could easily drag on
Existing laws being what they are, Bland served just
for another three to five years.
seven years. Shortly after his release, he kidnapped an 11-
As Burns notes, if the criminal-justice system fails to
year-old girl and her mother. The mother was molested.
protect the citizens, the public will lose confidence and
The girl was sexually assaulted and tortured.
turn to vigilantism. Yes. And if the nation is serious about
In yet another of those compassionate criminal-justice
crime, it will not release sexual monsters like Bland every
breaks that kept coming his way, Bland plea-bargained and
few years and simply let victims pay the price for the next
served only three years for those crimes. The crimes were
brief round of confinement.
growing more violent; the jail terms were getting shorter.
The lack of seriousness about violence was the real
Lethal habits. Eight months after his release, Bland was
source of the outrage over Willie Horton, just as it was in
back in jail, this time for sodomizing and torturing a
the outrage over the misguided policies at the Patuxent
small boy. At this point, in any sensible society, Bland
Institution in Maryland, where a triple-murderer serving
would have been tossed into a dungeon for the rest of his
a life sentence was allowed unsupervised furloughs. The
life, but in California he plea-bargained for 9 years and
Patuxent program is being revamped, a straw in the wind.
served only 4½ years.
Another such straw is the announcement by New York
Bland got out again in early 1986. In December, Phoe-
Governor Mario Cuomo that he now favors a lifetime
be Ho, age 7, disappeared while walking to school in
sentence without parole for some hardened criminals, a
South Pasadena. She was found dead in a ditch in River-
position he adopted when opponents of his seventh annu-
side County, mutilated with the kind of instruments
al veto of the death penalty appeared to have enough
Bland had used before. A 14-year-old girl in Orange
votes to override.
County died the same way, and an 81-year-old San Diego
The Armed Career Criminal Act also fits this new
woman was found bound, nude and choked to death, with
realism. Under this act, it took only 30 minutes in court
Bland as the chief suspect.
for Larry Burns to accomplish what the state of Califor-
Sought in the Ho murder, Bland fled and was found
nia failed to do for 30 years-take Bland off the streets
by police-working under an alias in a McDonald's in
permanently. With no fanfare at all, the sentencing came
Pacific Beach. He was wounded in the buttocks while
last week. Warren Bland will stay in federal prison for the
trying to escape. In his car, police found a gun and
rest of his life.
56
U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT, Aug. 21, 1989
Photo Copy Preservation
Essay
Charles Krauthammer
How the War Can Change America
n the great debate leading up to the gulf war, the real issue
Vietnam. Vietnam became a metaphor for futility, a symptom
was whether this fight was about Kuwait or about Iraq. For
of the corrosion and corruption of the American dream. The
those who opposed the war, it was about Kuwait-and restor-
notion of American decline, prefigured in Jimmy Carter's idea
ing the Emir to his throne, as many Senators argued, is not ex-
of national limits, could exist only in a people still demoralized
actly the stuff that moral crusades are made of. For those pre-
by defeat in Vietnam.
pared to risk war, the real issue at stake was Iraq. It was not
Vietnam was not just a feeling. It became an argument. It
that one small innocent country had been violated but that
became the touchstone of every subsequent national debate:
one large criminal country was on the march and had to be
Lebanon, Panama and, most recently, the gulf. The subtext of
stopped.
every debate became, Is this or is this not another Vietnam?
That is how the issue looked until Jan. 16. But war is an ex-
Indeed, in order to take the country with him into the gulf,
ercise in surprise, and the real surprise of this one may be that
President Bush had to promise explicitly that "this will not be
it was not about Kuwait, not about Iraq, not even about the fu-
another Vietnam." If the gulf war turns out well, such assur-
ture of the Middle East, however much all of these will be
ances will no longer be necessary. Vietnam will be retired as
shaped by the outcome. It may turn out to have been a war
the defining American experience of this age.
about America.
What is at stake in the gulf war is the Vietnam legacy,
Except for revolution, nothing changes a country more
whether it should be seen as a historical aberration or the his-
than war. Indeed, the very definition of a
torical norm. In Vietnam, was America
people often revolves around a reference
defeated by a constellation of contingen-
to war. We speak of the antebellum
cies, or was character destiny? Did it suc-
South, prewar Germany, post-Vietnam
cumb to an unfavorable local topography
America. If the war in the gulf ends the
(that neutralized American technological
way it began-with a dazzling display of
superiority), a misapprehension of the
American technological superiority, indi-
enemy and an undermining cultural revo-
vidual grit and, most unexpectedly for
lution at home? Or did it succumb to it-
Saddam, national resolve-we will no
self, to overweening ambition and moral
longer speak of post-Vietnam America.
blindness, to a refusal to acknowledge its
A new, post-gulf America will emerge, its
own mortality and limits?
self-image, sense of history, even its polit-
For 20 years this debate has been re-
ical discourse transformed.
played endlessly, often in microcosm.
The most extreme example of such a
Take the most recent gulf debate about
transformative war is the Six-Day War. It
America's forte, air power. In Congress
changed Israel from a weak, marginal
one heard time and again that air power
refuge for refugees, clinging to the shores
cannot win wars: Vietnam proved that.
of the Mediterranean, to the very symbol of self-reliance, pow-
Did it, or did it prove that air power cannot win wars in dense
er and valor. (An image subsequently transformed, of course,
jungle against irregular units on bicycles? In the next such de-
by ensuing violent upheavals, namely the Yom Kippur War,
bate about the adequacy of air power, the "lessons of the gulf"
Lebanon and the intifadeh.) It -is too early to assume that
will be the new reference point.
America will enjoy a similar triumph in the gulf war. But if this
The larger question, of course, is the adequacy-moral,
war should conclude half as decisively as the Six-Day War,
material and martial-of America. A month ago, convention-
America will not be the same.
al wisdom had the U.S. being overtaken as a great power by
The cliché that generals are always fighting the last war is
Japan. Perhaps. But is making a superior Walkman a better
far less true than the notion that a nation is always reliving it.
index of technological sophistication than making laser bombs
Great wars define the psyche and sensibilities of a people for
that enter hangars through the front door? Is a nation's ability
decades-until the next one rewrites memories and reshapes
to make VCRS a better index of power than the ability to defeat
character. The legacy of World War I defined the Western
aggression?
peoples for 20 years. The sense of order, optimism and patrio-
A post-gulf America might see its economic problems in
tism that marked the Edwardian age died in the trenches of
perspective: not as a metaphor for corruption and decline, not
Verdun. In their place arose the pacifism, the nihilism, the
as an indictment of a society's health and vitality, not as a crisis
psychic cubism of the '20s and '30s.
of the soul but simply as economic problems-a product of
These were in turn overthrown by World War II, which, in
mistaken policies and misaligned resources. A post-gulf
America in particular, produced a hunger for normalcy in do-
America might even see itself in perspective: as the planet's
mestic life and a self-confident sense of mission (captured by
dominant power, afflicted with problems but able nonethe-
J.F.K.'s "We shall bear any burden" Inaugural Address) in in-
less, by prodigious acts of will, to turn history.
ternational life. The long twilight struggle of the cold war
Of course, if the war turns out badly, this new American
could have been sustained only by a people that had lived
self-image will turn into a desert mirage. And a historic oppor-
through World War II.
tunity for the self-transformation of America will have been
Then came Vietnam. The residue of World War II was
missed. Even if the war does turn out well, the postwar eupho-
Bretton Woods, NATO, the free world. All that is left of Viet-
ria will eventually fade too. But it will leave something behind:
nam is the Vietnam Memorial. The confidence in America's
a renewed America, self-confident and assured. That was the
right and trust in America's power that were the legacy of
legacy of the last good war, World War II, a legacy lost in the
World War II collapsed in the face of ambiguity and defeat in
jungles of Vietnam.
100
Photo Copy Preservation
TIME, JANUARY 28, 1991
EDITORIAL
BY MORTIMER B. ZUCKERMAN
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
WHAT BUSH COULD SAY TO US
To: The President
States and its many allies. It was right to send a clear
signal by the use of sanctions. But how long shall we wait
From: Chief speechwriter
when that signal and every effort by Arab intermediaries
and others is ignored? Another four months? Six
You asked me how you might respond to the confu-
months? A year? It is not a solution to prolong sanctions
sion over our aims in the Gulf. Here is a draft of the key
into some hazy future. Such a policy would punish the
points you might now make to the American people.
young, the old, the weak, the sick and the Kuwaitis more
than it would punish the robber and his men. Delay does
I speak to you tonight not about war, but about peace.
not buy peace. It buys fear - the fear that aggression has
Thousands of you yearn for the return of your loved ones
paid and will pay again.
from the desert. Some of you may wonder how I can talk
Our aims are both moral and material, just as they
about peace when as Commander in Chief I have in-
were in World War II. We fought then for survival, for
creased our forces in the Gulf. Many people have said
civilized values. It is said that we are in the Gulf simply to
this must mean that we are intent oñ war. But we are
secure access to cheap oil. It is a half truth, the half
doing what we said we would do when
acknowledged by Secretary of State
Saddam Hussein first seized Kuwait,
Baker when he said the issue was
and when the overwhelming reaction
"jobs." Yes, we have a material interest
of Americans was that something had
'We face a tyrant
in securing oil at reasonable prices. But
to be done. We are making it clear we
who wants a hand
the issue is much more than jobs. The
mean business, that the moral outrage
West did not go to war when OPEC
of the world is not hot air.
on our windpipe
quadrupled oil prices in 1973 or more
We have sought peace for four
not to enrich his
than doubled them in 1979, costing mil-
months. The message of the reinforce-
lions of jobs. Nobody would have
ments is first to the Iraqi military men
people but to
talked of war had OPEC, by peaceful
who have so far done the bidding of
enlarge his arsenal
means, raised oil by $15 a barrel in 1990.
their master. They will know what we
and his empire'
But what we face today is not a tough
can do, if the occasion arises, with our
bargainer. We face a tyrant who wants
increased power. They have a duty to
a hand on our windpipe, not to enrich
their soldiers and to their countrymen
his people and to help poorer countries
not to risk them in a gamble by a
but to enlarge his arsenal and his em-
greedy, ambitious man who has blun-
pire. He would use them to acquire
dered in his attempt to defy the civilized world. So we are
deadlier weapons, including a nuclear missile. Would
providing yet another chance for peace.
that be a just peace? He would be able to intimidate or
The United States has worked with the United Na-
destabilize the whole region. Would that be a just peace?
tions for justice in the Gulf, for it is an international as
I believe him when he says "the seizing of Kuwait is but
well as a national interest - for reasons I will set out. We
the first step in erasing the artificial post-imperial fron-
are especially heartened by the response of an old adver-
tiers of the Middle East." Would that be a just peace?
sary, the Soviet Union. We have supported the efforts of
So we are engaged not simply in rebuffing a simple
President Gorbachev's special envoy Yevgeny Prima-
act of aggression but in a long-term challenge to our
kov, Saddam Hussein's longtime friend and patron. But
societies, to our children. It is not a threat that will go
Mr. Primakov has just returned from yet another visit to
away if Saddam Hussein retreats into Iraq with his war
Iraq. And Saddam Hussein, despite Mr. Primakov's
machine intact. The British Prime Minister is right
blunt but sympathetic entreaties, is still in Kuwait, ter-
when she puts it as Winston Churchill might have put
rorizing its population. He is still seeking a solution that
it: "You get him out. You make him pay and see that
will leave him a victor. He is still armed to the teeth. Still
he is never in a position to do these things again."
able to menace his neighbors, including a restored Ku-
Saddam Hussein has told his troops in Kuwait,
wait. Still determined to embroil them all in the destruc-
"Bush can't do it." He is right. Bush cannot do it-
tion of the democratic state of Israel.
alone. But the United Nations can do it. The Ameri-
None of these "solutions" is acceptable to the United
can people can do it. And will.
88
U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT, NOVEMBER 26, 1990
Photo Copy Preservation
ON
WOOD'S
SCHMUCKS
MAY 8, 1989
Buying and Nothingness B: Ed Koch Self-Destructs @ A Poverty Program That Works
HAVING A WONDERFUL TIME
Ruined Plus:
polones
Bush's First 100 Days
19
Hendrik Hertzberg
0
Henry Fairlie
Morton Kondracke
787445
readers that "if you're not approved" for registration,
Most American media have seen fit to ignore this
"your gun becomes contraband and you become
phenomenon, as well as the irony that the uprooted
subject to federal felony prosecution." Yes, if you've
and besieged people seeking refuge under Israel's
ever been convicted of a felony or treated for drug
protection are Muslims. The Christian population of
addiction or mental illness, you probably should take
East Beirut is ringed by Muslim militias and the Syrian
the NRA's advice and "act before you become a criminal" (or
army, and is locked into a cordon of death and
at least even more of one). Never mind the facts,
destruction. But the Christian forces are also raining
though. As of this writing, the NRA's ad campaign has
indiscriminate devastation on their Muslim neighbors.
succeeded in whipping up enough hysteria to pressure
A "CBS Evening News" telecast of April 18 focused on
Metzenbaum to weaken his bill significantly. It now
the helpless rage of one innocent victim, a Muslim
exempts current owners of AK-47s and other assault
woman in West Beirut. She was screaming her cry of
rifles from the registration procedures, and settles for
the heart in Arabic, of course, and the network's
merely stopping their proliferation. That's a small step,
correspondent did not (and perhaps could not)
but a worthwhile one.
translate her message: "Hatta al israeliyya ma amlo fina
hik." Here's the translation CBS didn't provide: "Even
S
the Israelis have never done this to us."
TAR WARS:
Gorbachev upstaged and outshouted
WHY
DO THE HEATHEN RAGE: When Father
by Castro during Cuban visit
Timothy Healy of Georgetown University was
appointed president of the New York Public Library, he
-The (Raleigh) News and Observer, April 7
was quickly attacked by such luminaries of the high
culture as Gay Talese for having insufficient credentials
New star Gorbachev
as an intellectual and civil libertarian. In fact, these
steals Castro's show
attacks have little to do with Healy's own record, with the
position of the Jesuit order, or with the present-day
-same paper, same day
historic transformation of the Catholic Church itself.
(thanks to David S. Fischler, Faison, North Carolina)
Rather, they seem to be one of those recurrent instances
of know-nothing anti-Catholicism, once known, and
S
justifiably so, as the anti-Semitism of the liberals.
PLIT DECISION:
Bush and Mubarak agree
on need for wide approach
WHITE HOUSE WATCH
-London Independent, April 4
Bush and Mubarak Split on Peace Talks
-International Herald Tribune, same day
HARDSHIP POST
THOUGHTS OF CHAIRMAN MAL:
ENOUGH ALREADY
By Fred Barnes
"Kinder and gentler" of anything and everything by everyone these days.
oger Ailes, President Bush's media consultant,
We know what the President meant. And he means it.
-Forbes, April 17, page 21
R
has an "orchestra pit theory" of what gets cov-
ered by the press. "If you have two guys and
one's got a solution to the Middle East and the
Has a kinder, gentler spirit suddenly
other guy falls in the orchestra pit, who do you think's
possessed the folks at 11 th and Consti-
going to make the evening news and the front page of
tution Avenue?
newspapers all over the country?" The klutz who hurtles
-same issue, page 104
into the orchestra pit, that's who. On the basis of his first
(thanks to Marc Glenetto, Sea Cliff, New York)
100 davs as president, that guy isn't Bush.
This is deeply disappointing to reporters. Sure, Bush
Mx
has made a mistake or two. He let a nutty idea about
BROTHER, MY KEEPER: The Israeli security
charging a fee on bank deposits leak, and he invited a
zone in southern Lebanon. a swath of territory roughly
Chinese dissident to a barbecue at the American Embas-
five miles in depth. was intended by the Jerusalem
sy in Peking, only to have Chinese officials seize the
government to provide a margin of safety against
fellow before he got there. But the blunders weren't
bombardment and random terror for the population of
world-class. They didn't linger as stories day after day.
northern Israel. Right now it is also providing safety
What's worse for reporters. Bush has a dirty little secret.
for more than 20,000 Lebanese refugees from
He doesn't have terribly newsworthy ideas about the
the fratricidal Arab wars in and around Beirut.
Middle East, or anything else, either. Au contraire. The
MAY 8. 1989 THE NEW REPUBLIC ,
Bush White House is becoming the dry hole of Wash-
Bush is that jokes about him, once a staple for Johnny
ington journalism.
Carson and Jay Leno, are disappearing. Carson's last
This hasn't made my life any easier. Most weeks I
good shot was on March 17. "You don't see [Bush]
write under the banner "White House Watch," and
much on television," Carson deadpanned. "I think he's
these days there's not as much worth watching as I'd
getting desperate. I was watching 'Hollywood Squares'
come to expect after LBJ, Nixon, Ford, Carter, and
earlier today, and Leno took note on March 30
Reagan. There's no drama or tension; there are pup-
that Bush had visited Madison High School in Vienna,
pies. At first I managed well enough. In February I
Virginia. "He spoke to the students about the impor-
wrote a story saying that Bush lacked an agenda. He'd
tance of education, and he gave them a dramatic dem-
settled on "themes" for each week-education week,
onstration," Leno said. "He said if you studied hard
invest in our children week, drug-free America week.
and got good grades, you could grow up to be presi-
Fine. Then the ugly truth dawned on me: once you've
dent of the United States. But if you didn't study and
written the "no agenda" story, you have to spend the
you goofed off-well, Dan, you wanna come in here,
next four years (maybe eight) living it.
please."
A few weeks later I embroidered on the "no agenda"
Bush is a dazzling performer with small, private
idea by labeling Bush a "caretaker president"-not a
groups. But that doesn't do reporters any good be-
bad thing for the nation, necessarily, but death for the
cause they aren't around. He invited Representatives
press corps. That amounted to coping with the ab-
Newt Gingrich, the new House Republican whip, and
sence of a gripping story line in the Bush presidency
Vin Weber for a chat in his private office in the White
by writing about the absence of a gripping story line.
House living quarters on April 11. They drank beer.
For that matter, that's. what this story amounts to. I'm
Afterward, he gave them a tour of the bedrooms, a
not sure how much longer I can keep this up. And if
viewing of his dogs, a chance to greet Barbara Bush,
it's bad for me, think of the poor TV reporters who
and a few moments on the Truman Balcony overlook-
struggle vainly to get on the half-hour network news.
ing the South Lawn. They were mesmerized, but re-
shows.
porters didn't even know the president had invited
them. Bush did well a week later in wooing AFL-CIO
ush couldn't be happier with the White House as
B
building and construction trades officials with a speech
a hardship post for journalists. He's the least in-
in Washington. He spoke chiefly to the labor leaders
teresting person to be president since Calvin
on the dais ("dias" he called it). Reporters covered the
Coolidge, and he's adjusted his media style ac-
speech, but there was nothing fresh or of interest to
cordingly. He's not magnetic, eloquent, driven, ideo-
the general public in his remarks-no news. That
logical, zany, vindictive, unprepared, neurotic, quarrel-
didn't matter to Bush. The ostensible reason for the
some, testy, cracked, or funny. So why flaunt what you
speech, ingratiating himself with AFL-CIO honchos,
haven't got? Bush doesn't. Ailes, refining his theory,
was the real reason.
says the press is interested in three things: mistakes, at-
tacks, and pictures. Mistakes are what Bush strives to
or Reagan, speeches were a chance to reach the
avoid. Attacks are banned because there's only one real
target for them, Congress, and Bush's tack is to love-
F
American people and make news. So were re-
sponses to questions at photo opportunities and
bomb Capitol Hill and make accommodations. Report-
press conferences. Bush practically never ad-
ers hate this. "Accommodations are boring," says Brit
dresses the American people. He won't answer ques-
Hume, the White House correspondent for ABC News.
tions at photo ops, and he's yet to conduct a prime-time
That leaves pictures-television. Bush has decided to
session with the press. Press Secretary Marlin Fitzwater
stay off the tube as much as possible because he just
insists Bush will soon give a TV speech to the nation and
doesn't come off well. He lacks what a White House offi-
also have a nighttime press conference, but don't hold
cial calls "visual impact," which was Ronald Reagan's
your breath. Summoning the American people to action
strength. Bush figures he comes across better in print.
is not Bush's forte. "I'm not Ronald Reagan," he de-
Television has gotten the message. In the post-
clared at a staff meeting. "I couldn't be if I wanted to.
inaugural days of January, Bush-related stories aver-
There's only one Ronald Reagan." Nobody argued the
aged eight minutes, 45 seconds on the three network
point with Bush. In his speeches, Reagan stressed soar-
evening news shows. In February it dipped to six min-
ing rhetoric. "Bush isn't comfortable with that," says a
utes, six seconds. In March to five minutes, 25 sec-
speechwriter. He likes speeches that are "unadorned,
onds. "He's down to just over one story a night,"
plain, unembellished." And that's what he gets from his
says Robert Lichter, whose Center for Media and Pub-
speechwriters, flat speeches.
lic Affairs tracks the TV shows. "And a lot of those
When a speech text is distributed at the White House,
are ones in which he's responding-to the oil spill,
panic erupts. Reporters madly hunt for a lead, a new
automatic rifles." Both Carter and Reagan got more-
twist on a running story, a zippy quote. More often than
airtime. In the first 60 days of Carter's presidency,
not, they come up empty-handed. That means no story,
the network news shows spent 520 minutes on him,
the journalistic equivalent of capital punishment. Rich-
832 minutes on his administration. For Reagan in the
ard Nixon never did this to reporters. He required
comparable period, it was 399 minutes for himself,
speechwriters to attach a cover letter to a speech they'd
1,030 for his administration. For Bush, it's a measly
drafted. In the letter, they listed three potential leads
265 and 505.
and the three most quotable quotes from the text. The
A pleasant consequence of media inattention for
high school speech Bush gave on April 13 in Union,
THE NEW REPUBLIC MAY 8, 1989
New Jersey, wouldn't have passed the one lead, one
quote test. The New York Times story began by quoting a
placard in the crowd ("President Bush. Read my lips.
The Bush approach to foreign policy.
Don't nickel-and-dime education"). not Bush. Accord-
ing to the White House news summary, the Washington
Post ignored the story, as did two TV networks. Peter
Jennings on ABC-TV kissed off the speech in a single
sentence.
Bush's public appearances are frequently uncon-
ONE DAY AT A TIME
nected to anything that's happening in the world, which
diminishes their news value. In late March the White
House was looking for ways to play up the president's
By Morton M. Kondracke
education proposals. That's when Bush was booked at
Madison High, which isn't a merit school or a magnet
n spite of criticism from Congress, allies, Soviets,
school or anything else the president is promoting. So
why'd he go there? The son of Stephen Studdert, Bush's
I
and the press that the Bush administration is vision-
less and overly cautious in foreign policy, creative
assistant for "special activities and initiatives," is a Mad-
action has taken place on a number of fronts during
ison student. Even Bush expressed doubt about the
Bush's first 90-odd days in office. More is promised
visit. But he went anyway and ate a lunch of pizza, french
when Secretary of State James Baker goes to Moscow in
fries, and milk at the school and talked to students in the
early May, possibly including the scheduling of a Bush-
library. Again, TV coverage was skimpy, which was
Gorbachev summit this fall and the resumption of stra-
good for Bush. He was goofy. He talked about his trav-
tegic arms talks. And in late May, probably in Germany,
els, and said, "Who knows where we'll be next week?"
Bush is expected to deliver a major speech setting forth
He asked how many students "do the computer stuff?"
an American vision of Europe's future to compete with
He mentioned "automated" weapons when he meant
Gorbachev's concept of a "common European home"
"automatic."
that extends from the Urals to the Atlantic and leaves
No coverage, or limited coverage. is good coverage at
the United States (not accidentally) out.
the Bush White House. Bush and his aides would rather
One idea being worked on by Bush aides has real
have the American people see Bush in 30-second sound
promise. It is to declare that Gorbachev's "house of
bites. He's better in small doses. He's good at small
Europe" vision is too narrowly geographic, to hold up
press conferences. especially when there are few TV
instead the "community of values" or "House of Free-
cameras in the room. Fitzwater plans to schedule more
dom" already inhabited by Western Europe and the
Q-and-A sessions with two or three reporters. With no
United States-in fact, by free nations everywhere-and
cameras around. Bush got off several snappy jokes at
to invite Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union to join.
the Gridiron Club dinner on April 1. "People say I'm
The price of admission for them would be to establish
indecisive, but I don't know about that." he said.
(on a permanent, legally codified basis) the kind of free
"Let's face it." he confessed. "if I was funnier than
institutions that now exist in the West and are responsi-
Ronald Reagan. I would have won in 1980. And he'd
ble for its prosperity and relative tranquillity: contested
be up here tonight trying to laugh away the Bush
elections. an uncensored press. market economics. in-
deficit."
dependent trade unions, unhindered travel and immi-
Fitzwater. for one. takes Bush's extraordinary show-
gration. an independent judiciary, and free-flowing
ing in polls as proof the president is getting all the press
information.
attention he needs. In April. the Washington Post put
Whether or not he puts it this way (and. probably, he
Bush's favorable rating at 71 percent. against Reagan's
won't). Bush would be calling for a community of free-
62 percent at a comparable period in 1981. Gallup in
dom that extends not just from the Atlantic to the Urals.
late February had Bush at 63 percent. eight points high-
but from the Pacific to the Pacific-from Kamchatka in
er than Reagan. Other Bush advisers fear it's risky to
the Soviet Far East to Leningrad. across Eastern Europe
anger the TV networks by giving them so little to cover.
to Berlin. across Western Europe to Dublin. across the
"Bush places theatricality at a minimum," says a Bush
Atlantic and across the American continent to San Fran-
speechwriter admiringly. But Ailes, who talks to Bush
cisco. For that matter, it would include Japan, much of
twice a week and sat at his table at the state dinner for
Latin America-and any other country that wanted to
Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak. thinks the presi-
join.
dent could use a bit more of stagecraft.
In this or another speech to be delivered on his trip to
On March 22 Bush went to Lancaster, Pennsvlvania,
celebrate the 40th anniversary of NATO, aides say. Bush
for a meeting in an old schoolroom with Amish and
will probably also call for an end to the Soviet-imposed
Mennonite community leaders. They were dressed in
division of Europe that made NATO's formation neces-
their quaint clothes. It was a well-planned ceremonial
sarv in the first place. That is, he'd repeat earlier
event. the best visual of Bush's presidency aside from
calls for tearing down the Berlin Wall. permitting self-
his throwing out the first ball on Opening Day in Balti-
determination for Eastern Europe, and renouncing the
more ten davs later. Trouble was, TV cameras weren't
Brezhnev Doctrine-but put them in a larger context.
allowed. The Amish and Mennonites didn't want them.
"The cold war started with the division of Europe." one
and Bush went along willingly. If Ailes had been there,
administration official said. "The way to really end it is
he'd'have cried.
to eliminate the cause."
MAY 8. 1989 THE NEW REPUBLIC 9
Sports Illustrated 12/26/88
the
A
PORTSMA
Born and Bred
ENRICO FERORELLI
MAN
of
Bred
AFTER PITCHING A RINGER IN
NOVEMBER'S ELECTION,
GEORGE BUSH WILL BRINGTO
THE WHITE HOUSE A
RICH ATHLETIC HERITAGE
BY GEORGE PLIMPTON
GEORGE HERBERT WALKER BUSH
homas Jefferson would
not understand. He once wrote:
"Games played with the ball are too violent for the body
and stamp no character on the mind." Of course, Jefferson
could not have anticipated the gentleman coming into the
White House this January. Besides being an avid fisherman
and bird shot and having wrestled during his Navy days,
George Bush has played soccer, tennis, baseball, squash, golf
and, most recently, horseshoes (see box, page 146)-all with
considerable skill and, above all, enormous enthusiasm.
Many of our Presidents have had athletic specialties. Abra-
ham Lincoln was described by one historian as "hard as nails.
a good horseman, swimmer, crowbar heaver, and master
jumper." He reportedly could hold a heavy ax out at arm's
length for an astonishing length of time, which he did as a
kind of parlor trick. Teddy Roosevelt enjoyed hunting and col-
lecting game, and came back from one of his African safaris
with some 4,800 hides, heads and horns. Harry Truman. who
was ambidextrous. pitched horseshoes lefthanded and threw
out Opening Day baseballs righthanded one year. lefthanded
the next-with the puzzling explanation that it was for the
benefit of photographers. The Kennedy era is often remem-
bered for its touch football games, though JFK himself. be-
cause he had a bad back, was restricted to sailing and an occa-
sional game of tennis or golf.
Nixon enjoyed bowling on the lanes in the basement of the
Executive Office Building, very often alone, in shirt and tie,
watched by a coterie of Secret Service men. He once rolled 20
games in a row; his average score was 152, and his high game
was a formidable 232. Gerald Ford's game was golf. and his
rounds were distinguished by errant shots, which more than
once conked a spectator. Bob Hope has remarked that his
VALERIE HODGSON/TIME
partners in his favorite foursome were Ford. a faith-healer and
a paramedic. Jimmy Carter jogged. played softball and tennis.
fished and hunted quail. Ronald Reagan rides horses, and was
miffed when he discovered that the riding trails at Camp Da-
vid had been paved over during the Nixon Administration.
IN '83, BORG PLAYED DOUBLES WITH THE VEEP
142
Dukah
Dont
swith
DAVE VALDEZ/THE WHITE HOUSE
WHETHER HOOKING A HOOP OR A FISH, THE BUSH
FAMILY MAINTAINS A STRONG SPORTING TRADITION
No President, however, can match Bush's absorption in
sports, not to mention his sporting heritage. His mother, Doro-
thy, was a fine tennis player and a fierce competitor; his fa-
ther, Prescott, who represented Connecticut in the U.S. Senate
from 1952 to '63, hit cleanup on the 1917 Yale baseball team
and played on the golf team. According to family legend, Pres-
cott sometimes played a golf match in the morning and a base-
ball game the same afternoon. "The baseball players would
stand around and worry that he wouldn't finish his golf round
in time for the game," says Nancy Ellis, the President-elect's
sister. Bush's four maternal uncles all played for Yale: Herbert
Walker was a member of the '25-27 baseball teams; Louis
pitched on the '36 team; John played both golf and baseball in
'30; and James ran track in '31. Bush's grandfather, George
Herbert Walker, was president of the U.S. Golf Association,
and upon leaving office in 1921, he donated the Walker Cup,
the trophy given in the biennial competition between British
DAVE VALDEZ/THE WHITE HOUSE
and American amateur teams.
The President-elect even married into a family of athletes.
"tidelity
GEORGEBUSH
was time to go to the hospital. Pressy weighed 10 pounds."
Asked if the children had rooted for their mother at the ten-
nis match, Jonathan says, "Actually, they rooted for George.
Everyone wanted him to win, and he finally did. She was at
the top of her form. It was a brutal match, both of them wring-
ing wet when they finished."
Sometimes the competitiveness was tempered with puckish
good humor. One Kennebunkport legend involves Bill Trues-
dale, who was as competitive a youngster as the Bush kids, and
the best sailor in the 11-footer class. "That's a small catboat,"
Jonathan says. "Two sides, a bottom, a mast, and a center-
board. Truesdale was the perennial winner. One night George
went down and tied a bucket to Truesdale's centerboard. The
next day the boats, about 15 of them, were towed out the Ken-
nebunk River to the starting line offshore. The warning gun
went off, and everyone put up his sail.
"There was a light breeze, and Truesdale's boat barely
moved," Jonathan continues. "At first he thought something
was wrong with the boat, and in frustration he began to beat it
with a paddle. Whack! Whack! When he got ashore he found
out what George had done. He chased him for days. George
would be sitting on the porch, and we'd hear, 'Here comes
Truesdale!' and off he'd go. That was a shout we heard all
summer: "Here comes Truesdale!"
CANTHIA
These idyllic years ended with Pearl Harbor. Fresh out of
Andover, George entered the Navy. After distinguished ser-
vice in the Pacific, flying bombers all christened Barbara after
Barbara Pierce, whom he met at a wartime dance and subse-
quently married, he returned to the states and entered Yale in
'45. He played one year of soccer (the team won the New Eng-
BUSH THE BALLPLAYER WAS NEVER A BIG HITTER
land collegiate championship) and then decided to concen-
trate on baseball. With veterans returning to college, the com-
petition was fierce in those postwar years. Major league scouts
Barbara Bush's uncle Joseph Wear won the U.S. court tennis
hung around college ballparks. Several players from Bush's
doubles championship with Jay Gould six times. Her father.
Yale teams went on to play professional baseball, three of them
Marvin Pierce, was a standout running back at Miami of Ohio
in the big leagues: shortstop Artie Moher, who signed with the
from 1913 to '15. "Everyone called him Monk," says Jonathan
Tigers: pitcher Frank Quinn, who signed with the Red Sox and
Bush, the third of the four Bush brothers. "By the time we get
then hurt his arm; and pitcher Dick Manville, who played for
through glorifying Monk Pierce's career. he'll be the greatest
the Braves and the Cubs and whose particular distinction in
back who ever played there, if not in the entire Midwest!"
college was that he played for both Yale and Harvard.
According to Nancy Ellis, athletic education in the Bush
Playing first base. Bush found his forte was his fielding. As
family begins "at birth." Intrafamily competitions have in-
Junie O'Brien, a teammate at Yale, recalls, "The key thing
cluded not only the obvious ones. like touch football, tennis
about Poppy-as everyone called him-was that he was so
and Ping-Pong, but also tiddledywinks, fishing tournaments,
sure-gloved. All the infielders knew that if they threw the ball
indoor putting (with plastic cups set about the house) and knee
anywhere near him, he was going to pull it in."
football (played, as the name implies, on one's knees). A prime
Bush's hitting was another matter. In 1947 his average was
knee-football performer was Bucky, the youngest Bush broth-
.239, and the next year he raised it to .264. He usually hit sev-
er, who at Hotchkiss School weighed more than 250 pounds.
enth or eighth but jokes that he batted "second cleanup."
Standing lamps were forever being toppled. It's a wonder, says
For his leadership qualities, Bush was elected captain in his
Jonathan, that the family's houses in Greenwich, Conn., and
senior year. Both seasons he played. in 1947 and '48, the Elis
Kennebunkport, Maine, stood up under all the punishment.
won the eastern championship and went to Kalamazoo.
In the forefront of this athletic commotion was George, a
Mich.. to play in the NCAA finals. Both times they lost, first to
Pied Piper figure in those early days, according to Jonathan:
California and then to Southern California. Bush remembers
"He was a queen bee around which everything revolved." Jon-
the Yale coach, Ethan Allen, ordering an intentional walk to
athan recalls a famous tennis match between George, then 16,
get to the Cal pitcher. who turned out to be Jackie Jensen. lat-
and his mother, who had offered $5 to any of her sons who
er an outfielder for the Red Sox. "He"hit a ball that is still roll-
could beat her. "You must remember that she was a remark-
ing around out there somewhere," Bush says.
able athlete," says Jonathan. "The day her first son, Prescott,
Had he ever wanted to join those teammates who went on
was born, she hit a home run in a softball game at Kenne-
into the professional leagues?
bunkport, and after she circled the bases she announced it
"Well, one day I went three for five in a game against North
144
GEORGE BUSH
PLIMPTON'S PANACHE WAS EVIDENT AS
THE TWO GEORGE BUSHES LOOKED ON
to contend with! The President-elect
stared briefly at my hat. His was deco-
rated with a braided Indian cord that
supplemented the hatband. He held out
some horseshoes.
"You got a choice," he said. "The
drop-forged eight or the 10."
"T'll take the
ah."
The President-elect laughed. He
looked down at the horseshoes, hefting
them to judge their weight. "I don't
know the difference myself," he said.
"They tell me the harder the metal the
more it tends to be rejected by the
stake."
Then he explained the rules-one
point for the shoe closest to the stake
and three for a ringer; the winner would
be the first among us to reach 15. We
took some practice throws. I threw my
shoes so that they revolved, parallel to
the ground, toward the opposite stake.
ENRICO FERORELLI/DOT
This somewhat startled the President-
elect since that is the style (though I
was unaware) used by most topflight
pitchers.
"Hey, what have we got here?" he
asked. He prefers to hold the shoe at its closed end and toss it
Showdown
so that it turns once, ass over teakettle, as it goes down the
pitch.
"You played this game before?"
in the Pits
"Not for 30 years," I said truthfully.
The game began. The two Bushes were supported loudly by
the President-elect's granddaughter Jenna, 7, who sat at pit-
side bundled up in a bright orange parka. There was consider-
B
ARBARA BUSH SAID, "YOU'LL HAVE TO WEAR A COWBOY
able chatter during play-needling and a plethora of home-
hat. No one with any self-respect plays horseshoes
grown expressions, such as "power outage" for a halfhearted
without a cowboy hat." She rummaged around in a
toss, "SDI" for a throw with a higher arc than usual and "it's
closet just inside the front door of the Vice-Presi-
an ugly pit" for those times when no one's shoe was close to the
dent's official residence in Washington. On a top
stake. Once, when it was impossible to tell which of two shoes
shelf sat an assortment of George Bush's hats. I
had landed closer, the President-elect shouted, "The tool! Get
tried on a few of the Western variety. His hat size is a lot larger
the tool!"-a request that was echoed by those standing
than mine, so the hats tended to slide down my forehead near-
around watching.
ly to my eyes. Was I being handicapped before going out to the
The tool, which George Jr. fetched from the gardening
horseshoe pits?
shed, turned out to be oversized navigator's dividers. The Pres-
"These hats all seem to be the same size," I remarked, a
ident-elect knelt in the pit and brushed away the dirt from the
somewhat lunatic observation because it suggested surprise
two horseshoes. He handled the gadget with great relish. In
that my host's head measurements don't vary.
fact, all aspects of the game were carried on with great élan.
I finally picked a tall-crowned model with the President-
On occasion he would turn to me and pose the rhetorical ques-
elect's name stamped in gold on the inside. I wore it out to the
tion: "Isn't this game great? Have you ever had a better time?
horseshoe pit at a curious, rakish angle so that I could see
Isn't this just great?"
where I was going.
I was having a good time. The iron felt cool and comfortable
The Vice-President was waiting there with his oldest son.
to the grip. I peered out from under the brim of my hat and,
George Jr., who would also be playing. Two George Bushes
suddenly, after a number of one-pointers, threw a ringer. I
146
Carolina State," Bush remembers. "A triple, a double-and
found myself with 14 points and only one to go for the win.
the scouts came running up to Ethan Allen. 'Hey, who is this
The President-elect had 13; his son, 12. Cries of alarm rose
kid?' Then they looked at my averages and went away in a
from Jenna's chair.
hurry." The President-elect laughs. "Oh yes, I used to imagine
I began to worry about winning. What would it do to the
how great it would be to stride up to the plate in a major league
President-elect's confidence to lose to someone who hadn't
ballpark. But by then my sights were set on doing something
thrown a horseshoe in 30 years? Would he brood? Slam the
else. Still, baseball has always been a great love. When I was a
heel of his hand against his forehead? Stumble into the
kid we followed the game very closely. Read the sports pages. I
bushes in the Rose Garden? Talk out loud to himself at
was a big Red Sox fan-Jimmie Foxx, Bobby Doerr. I could
state dinners? Snap at Sununu?
recite the averages of the top 20 hitters in both leagues. Caught
I decided I would credit my victory to the hat. "Begin-
a foul ball in Yankee Stadium. I loved all that."
ner's luck," I was going to say. "And this hat of yours. If it
Lou Gehrig was his childhood hero. One of his plans was to
hadn't been for this cowboy hat
write Gehrig a letter to ask him for his first baseman's mitt.
It seemed the perfect solution. Gracious. Self-effacing.
"Never did it," he says, "but I remembered that daydream in
Just the thing to say.
the Dodger locker room this year when Orel Hershiser showed
"Listen, we can't let this happen," the President-elect
me his glove. It had Orel's name stitched along the thumb.
was saying as he stepped up to throw. He sighted down the
I suddenly remembered Lou Gehrig's glove and how much I
pitch. "Remember Iowa!" he called out, in reference to his
had wanted it."
recovery from political adversity there. We watched the
The Bushes still play ball at Kennebunkport in the sum-
red horseshoe leave his hand, turn over once in flight, drop
mertime, but the area around the house on Walker Point is so
toward the pit with its prongs forward and, with a dreadful
limited that a ball hit into the water (unless it goes over the
clang, collect itself around the stake. A ringer! Sixteen
seawall) is an automatic out. These days the President-elect is
points and the victory for the President-elect. He flung his
infatuated with fishing, as he has been since he was a boy and
arms straight up in triumph, a tremendous smile on his
caught mackerel off the rocks. "Sometimes we caught small
face. From her chair Jenna began yelping pleasantly.
pollock-horrible brown-colored things with a spine down the
I said as follows: "Nerts."
back," Bush says. "The bluefish hadn't come that far up the
I can't recall the last time I had used that antique expres-
coast back then. They didn't turn up around Kennebunkport
sion. The President-elect came toward me, his hand out-
until the 1970s-brought up by the warming trend. they say."
stretched. "Isn't that great!" he said as I congratulated him.
Bush has fished for white marlin, tarpon and sailfish, but
He wasn't talking about his win but the fact that the game
bluefish is his particular fancy: "I don't like the big stuff as
had been so much fun. I agreed with him. Then I told him
much." Nor does he go in much for fly-fishing: "I've got all the
that the next time I was going to bring my own hat. -G.P.
equipment, and this year Jim Baker and I went fishing on the
Shoshone River in Wyoming. I'm not a good fly caster, but I
got better. Very small fish. but I liked it. It was totally relaxing.
ONLY "THE TOOL" CAN SETTLE THE CLOSE CALLS
The fact is I don't care if I catch anything."
As if to prove his point, Bush went down to Gulf Stream.
FERORELLI/DOT
Fla., after the November election to stay with his friends Will
and Sarah Farish. After four days of fishing in the surf. casting
a spinner for whiting or barracuda, he had one bite but no fish
for his efforts. "Great time down there!" Bush says. "Just
great! The combination of the sea and casting into it-it's
heaven!"
When he is in Kennebunkport the President-elect gets out
to the fishing areas in a Cigarette boat called Fidelity, named
after the Fidelity Printing Corp., whose stock he sold to pur-
chase her. Fidelity has been modified for fishing. The cockpit
has been moved up to the bow, so that a racing boat designed
to hold two or three people can now handle six or seven. usual-
ly family members. The boat gives him not only the pleasure
of driving a powerful machine but also a practical way of get-
ting out to the fishing grounds. "You go fast out to where the
fish are," he says. "or you think they are, stop and fish for an
hour and then run for the 20 minutes back. If the sea is up a
little, and you're cutting through the waves. well. the combina-
tion is just heaven for me."
As the years have gone by, Barbara Bush has grown less en-
thusiastic about "cutting through the waves." Still, she often
goes out on the fishing expeditions, sitting up on the padded
engine cover Indian-style with a book. The President-elect's
favorite nonfamily fishing companion is a retired naval-yard
147
GEORGE BUSH
CAPTAIN BUSH TO EXETER:
"It's a shame," Boilard goes on, "that the Vice can't spend
(IN '42): "READ MY LIPS"
more time on the water. When he's got a rod in one hand, the
steering wheel in the other and everything under control,
ANDOVER
there's not a happier man anywhere."
employee named Bob Boilard.
The President-elect also likes to fish Islamorada, Fla.,
They met in the summer of 1982
which is halfway down the chain of islands between Miami
on Saco Bay, near the Wood Is-
and Key West and calls itself the Sport Fishing Capital of the
land Lighthouse on the Maine
World. Bush was introduced to the area-a fishing paradise of
coast.
hard-bottom and grass flats famous for bonefish, permit, tar-
"I was in my boat fishing for
pon and snook-by Nicholas Brady, a long-time friend and
blues with my back to the bay,"
the man he will retain as secretary of the treasury. George
Boilard remembers. "I heard
Hommell, a local guide with a string of distingished clients,
this voice snap out behind me. I
takes Bush out. Hommell has "fished," as guides often put it,
turned around, and there was
Jack Nicklaus and Ted Williams, among others.
the Vice-President looking over
He and the President-elect generally set out for the flats of
from his Cigarette boat, with the
Florida Bay at 6:30 a.m. in a 17-foot skiff that's powered by an
Secret Service boat beyond and a
110-horsepower outboard engine and is equipped with a pol-
Coast Guard cutter farther out.
ing platform in the stern. Wearing shorts and a T-shirt, Bush
It was quite a sight. He called
fishes from the bow, casting toward the tailing bonefish. Using
out and asked me what I was
10-pound test line, the President-elect takes 10 minutes or so
catching them on. I said I was
to land an eight- or nine-pound bonefish that in one tearing
POPPY BUSH
using a Rebel popping plug,
run can take out 200 yards of line across the flats-and then do
"Watch out Exeter, we're going
which has a blunt nose that re-
to win!"
it again. With the exception of his first bonefish which is
sists the water with a kind of
mounted and hangs on his office wall, the President-elect has
ploop sound and looks like a blue
released every one he has ever caught, holding it by the tail
minnow. He said he was using a Rebel swimming plug-a
and moving the fish back and forth in the water so that the gill
trolling plug-which has a lip on the front that makes the plug
plates open and the exhausted fish can recover.
dart around in the water. I told him to turn his boat around
"He really loves it out there," Hommell says. "He talks a lot
and follow me. By the time we'd trolled 150 feet, he had two
about his concern for places like Florida Bay-keeping the
bluefish on, and I had one. He called me up the next day.
" "Yes sir?' I said.
water clear so our kids and their kids can enjoy it."
"Any fish out there?'
As a rule, Hommell and Bush stay out on the flats-along
" 'Of course there are. But they're not in my kitchen!'
"So out we went."
THE BABE GAVE BUSH HIS AUTOBIO AT YALE IN '48
Boilard, as they say in those parts, is his own man (he once
turned down a chance to take Paul Newman out for blues, for
which his daughters never forgave him), and he certainly does
not stand on ceremony. He refers to Bush as Mister Vice or the
TALE UNIVERSITY
Vice, as in "the Vice and I are going out to Wood Island
Light." When Bush hooks on to something unwanted, like a
dogfish, Boilard barks happily at him and suggests that the
next time he lets out a line he should spit on it for luck.
When they first fished together, Bush used a light bass-cast-
ing rod and eight-pound test line. "Heck," says Boilard, "that
buggy whip of his was fit for tapping a horse on the rump and
not much else, certainly not for catching bluefish. I told him
so. I said, 'Mister Vice, if you're going out for a whale you got
to use whale equipment. You're the Vice-President, but I'd
sure change that rod, and that line to 14-pound test."
The bluefish they catch-the President-elect now dutifully
on 14-pound test-average about 10 pounds, but much larger
blues run in those North Atlantic waters. The biggest one Boi-
lard has caught was 23½ pounds. "The Vice is raving mad
about a 17-pounder he got off Boon Island, 20 miles or so down
the coast off Portsmouth, New Hampshire," he says.
Most of the blues Bush and Boilard catch are released. The
President-elect is not as fond of fish on the table as on the end
of a line. Of those kept. Secret Service men get the largest al-
lotment. "They microwave 'em," Boilard says. "Those guys go
through the fish like ice cream.
148
GEORGE BUSH
PRESIDENTIAL
with a Secret Service passenger-until 3:30 in the afternoon.
"Eight hours he spends out there," Hommell says, "and when
CONTENDERS
he gets back he'll have a game of tennis with Ted Williams
and a couple of others. Then after that he goes jogging! When
we get off the water I'm pooped enough to go to bed!"
The President-elect, who is fond of quoting Izaak Walton's
line about how the days a man spends fishing ought not to be
deducted from his time on earth, has had to endure only one
long spell without fishing. That was during his tour of duty in
China, where he served as chief of the U.S. Liaison Office in
Peking from 1974 to '75. With diplomatic travel restricted, his
only opportunity to fish came during a party at the Soviet Em-
bassy, where he was invited to sit in a boat at one end of a cere-
monial pool. At the other, an army of beaters got into the wa-
ter and started driving a school of large carp toward him.
"Scary," Bush says. "Damndest thing. Hundreds of these gi-
gantic carp leaping out of the water. We waited for them with
THE BETTMANN ARCHIVE
nets on the ends of sticks."
There was other entertainment at the Russian complex in
Peking. "Hockey games," Bush remembers. "On the lake at
the embassy. I was never much of a skater, so I didn't go out on
the ice. I don't like to do things I can't do well. I don't dance
An avid hunter, Roosevelt (above) bagged a rhino in '09 on safari
well, so I don't dance."
in Kenya: Eisenhower's bag wasfor clubs, his shots on the links.
The President-elect often speaks of fishing giving him time
to relax and think. Many have remarked how quiet he is on
the water, particularly for a man who's so energetic and volu-
ble. When he takes over the Oval Office, he will join quite a list
of Presidents, including Cleveland, Hoover, Eisenhower and
Carter, who fished for this kind of contemplative relaxation.
Carter, as might be expected of someone who grew up in
Georgia's pine-woods country, was raised not only with guns
(he once shot his sister in the rear end with a BB for throwing a
wrench at him) but also as a fisherman, pulling catfish and
eels out of the Choctawhatchee and the Kinchafoonee creeks
with a cane pole. With more sophisticated equipment, he kept
up his fishing during his Presidency at Camp David (where,
without his knowledge, wildlife officials restocked the facili-
ty's streams) and near his hometown of Plains.
It was in Plains, while sitting placidly in his boat, that Car-
ter caught sight of the famous "attack rabbit" swimming to-
ward him-a kind of furry torpedo, he must have thought it-
and fended off with his paddle what was very likely a swamp
UPI/BETTMANN NEWSPHOTOS
rabbit. (Syvilagus aquaticus) that the Secret Service had
spooked from the swampside bushes.
Bush has also been attacked, in his case by a six-pound blue-
fish (Pomatomus saltatrix), which he boated off Florida and
which nipped him in the back of the hand. "See this scar here.
Just call me Lyndon," he says, referring to Lyndon Johnson,
Johnson's Texas roots were on display when he climbed aboard a
who once pulled up his shirt to show off his gallbladder scar to
cutting horse during a barbecue at his LBJ Ranch in 1964.
the press. "Then I've got a scar up here close to my eyebrow
from a collision I had when I was trying to head a ball playing
soccer at Andover. Can't see it? Well, how about this one?" He
UPI/BETTMANN NEWSPHOTOS
pulls his shirt away from his neck to reveal a prominent knob
on his right shoulder blade. "Got that one playing mixed dou-
bles with Barbara at Kennebunkport. Ran into a porch."
"His mother said it was my ball to hit, and it happened be-
cause I didn't run for it," Barbara says. "She was probably
right."
The President-elect is noncommital. "Popped the shoulder
out," he says. "Separated it."
GEORGE BUSH
"After that they moved the porch," Barbara says.
Bush has been playing tennis since he was about five, which
UPI/BETTMANN NEWSPHOTOS
is hardly surprising considering the tennis heritage in the fam-
ily. His mother, who is now 87 and living in Hobe Sound, Fla.,
was a national caliber junior player-Bush describes her as
very much a "scrapper"-more than 70 years ago. Her uncle
Joe Wear, the court-tennis champion, was the nonplaying
captain of the 1928 and 1935 U.S. Davis Cup teams. At home
Nixon's athletic passion was bowling, which he often did alone
in Greenwich, Bush had early lessons-as did other members
and almost always wearing a tie; his average was over 150.
of his family-with the Czech-born club pro, Karel Kozeluh,
whose standard advice, as Nancy Ellis recalls, was "bend ze
knees, move ze feet, keep ze ball in play and in doubles hit
ze ball down ze middle." Often Kozeluh would establish his
authority by announcing mysteriously, "I beat Budge."
Bush's mother, though, was the prime influence. "Sports-
manship was a big part of what she taught us," the President-
elect says. "Boys! Boys!' she'd call out if someone got out of
hand. If you scaled your racket across the court, you were his-
tory. Once, playing in the finals of a Kennebunkport tourna-
ment when I was about 10, my uncle Herbert Walker and his
wife, my Aunt Mary, came to watch. At one point Aunt Mary
started laughing at something. I turned and ordered her off the
premises: 'Out!' Mother was very upset when she heard about
254
it. I had to go and tell Aunt Mary how sorry I was that I had
done such a thing."
And did Aunt Mary leave the premises?
"Yes, certainly," Bush says. "She got up and left. It must
have bothered my conscience because I didn't win the
UPI/BETTMANN NEWSPHOTOS
match-beaten by a kid named Squash Collins."
Squash?
"Yes. I wonder what's ever happened to Squash Collins."
Bush stopped playing singles not long after grade school
and concentrated on doubles, largely because his ground
strokes were "terrible." Today, his backhand is almost nonex-
An ardent outdoorsman, Carter also jogged-but could not nish
istent, except for a chip return of service that drops at the feet
a 10K race in 79 (above). Reagan was always at home on a horse.
of the oncoming server and that he refers to as the "falling
leaf." The net is where the President-elect is utterly at home.
fast of reflex and aggressive, and he will come in at every op-
portunity, even behind a second serve or a falling-leaf return.
A number of other homegrown phrases have developed in
the family over the years. A weak shot will elicit a disdainful
cry of "power outage!" Perhaps the most esoteric words heard
on the family courts are "Unleash Chiang!" which was initiat-
ed back when there was a hue and cry in government circles to
allow Chiang Kai-shek to invade the Chinese mainland from
Taiwan. On the Bush court, "Unleash Chiang" refers to a po-
tential source of power, such as a strong serve. The President-
elect will look over his shoulder and urge his partner to "un-
leash Chiang!"
"The interesting thing about these phrases." Barbara says,
"is that they get exported; people take them with them, and off
in the distance, from someone else's court, you'll suddenly
hear, "All right now, unleash Chiang!"
TERRY ARTHUR/THE WHITE HOUSE
Barbara Bush now plays doubles with her husband only on
the most informal occasions. She gave up serious doubles with
him after a match in China in 1975. "We were playing a Paki-
stani man, who wasn't very good, and an East German wom-
an, who was very good," Barbara Bush says with a chuckle. "In
fact, it's always been my contention that she was a heavy user
of steroids! That's a terrible thing to say, but there has to be
GEORGE
BUSH
some reason they were whip-
an old pair of trousers, and he
ping us. In any event, I
held the racket halfway up
clutched, and George was so
the shaft. The clay court he
disappointed, especially to be
played on disappeared un-
beaten by the East German,
der building extensions dur-
that afterward I told him that
ing the Taft Administration.
I knew he preferred men's
Tennis gave way to other
doubles and that was perfect-
pastimes, including Hoover
ly all right with me."
ball-a game invented by the
The President-elect usual-
White House physician in
ly plays with whichever of his
which a 10-pound medicine
four sons are available. All
ball was hefted over a net in
are fine players, especially
an effort to pare weight off
Marvin, the youngest. In-
Hoover-and golf.
deed, when the President-
Woodrow Wilson is said to
elect, who has slowed down a
have waved off a messenger
bit, offers to play in their
bringing the news that he
games, he notices a certain
had secured the Democratic
reluctance and much tying of
shoelaces. He says he doesn't
to "challenge up," which is
CYNTHIA JOHNSON/TIME
nomination for President un-
til he could sink a putt. Har-
mind. He was always taught
ding, who turned the South
Lawn into a practice fairway,
why he often has the likes of
trained his dog, Laddie Boy,
Ivan Lendl and Bjorn Borg
BUSH AND DAUGHTER DOROTHY HAVE COMPANY
to shag golf balls for him.
for a doubles partner.
WHEN THEY GO FOR A JOG IN THE MAINE WOODS
Eisenhower played daily at
On his travels the Presi-
the summer White House in
dent-elect packs his tennis
Newport, R.I., with the Se-
racket, along with his jogging gear. Because of longtime
cret Service disguised rather haphazardly as caddies, their
friendships with a number of big-name tennis players, he can
clubs in canvas golf bags clinking against the stocks of car-
arrange some pretty high-level games wherever he goes. In
bines. When he felt up to playing, Kennedy usually shot in the
1982 he alerted John Newcombe and Tony Roche that he was
high 80's. Golf's slow pace irritated him, and he often picked
on his way to Australia. "They're very nice about suffering
up before finishing 18 holes.
fools gladly on the tennis court," Bush says.
Golf has always been part of the Bush tradition. The Presi-
The only woman player who joins the Bushes regularly is
dent-elect played in Midland, Texas, during his days in the oil
Pam Shriver, who, although ranked No. 5 in the world, enjoys
business. In Maine, the family has played the Kennebunkport
their games. "It's refreshing to play with the Bush family,"
course, which is called Cape Arundel, for almost as long as
says Shriver. "Being a professional, my tennis is 99.9 percent
it has been there. Built at the turn of the century, the club-
serious. So matches with the
house is typical Kennebunk-
Bushes are fun, and the stan-
port-unpretentious, slightly
dard is good enough so that
quaint and functional. The
it's not a chore."
clapboard structure includes
The President-elect inev-
neither a bar nor a restau-
itably picks Shriver as his
rant. The Kennebunk River
partner. During a phone con-
winds through the links-style
versation one afternoon in
course, with water and tidal
the middle of the campaign,
flats coming into play on 11
Bush told his sister, Nancy,
holes. For years the Presi-
"I had a terrible day." She
dent-elect's father held the
braced herself for the worst.
course record of 66; Pres-
"George Jr. and Marv just
cott's son does not do as well.
beat Pam Shriver and me.
The club professional, Ken
Terrible!"
Raynor, who has been at
Tennis will undoubtedly
Cape Arundel for 15 years,
be a popular sport at the
reports that the President-
White House during the Bush
elect's problem is his short
era, as it has been at various
game, especially his putting.
times in the past. Teddy Roo-
"He begs for a gimme,"
sevelt reportedly played an
Raynor says. "He'd rather
aggressive, Bushlike game.
SCOTT
face Congress than a three-
He wore a flannel shirt and
foot putt. Sometimes on the
157
GEORGE
BUSH
south of Houston, to hunt through
the rolling hills of mesquite and hui-
sache for quail and turkey. Farish,
an investment counselor and horse
breeder (he manages the syndicate
that recently purchased Alysheba,
who will stand at Farish's farm in
Versailles, Ky.), says Bush prefers
stalking quail. "He'll walk for hours
behind the dogs," Farish says. "But
waiting down in the creek beds for
turkey, that's a little confining."
Keeping on the move has been a
near obsession for Bush. During his
stint in China, he rode a bicycle ev-
erywhere. "Instead of getting into a
big limo, I'd arrive at a diplomatic
function on a bike," he says. "It
didn't surprise the Chinese, though
sometimes they were startled to see
my mother, who was in her seventies,
arrive with me."
The President-elect took up jog-
ging in 1976, after he returned from
China and took over the CIA. "Un-
CYNTHIA JOHNSON/TIME
like many who say they've never seen
a happy jogger, I really enjoy it," he
says. "It gives me time to reflect, to
clear the head. Before the debates in
1984, I practiced my answers on a
WINNING CAMPAIGNS CONVERGED THIS FALL WHEN BUSH VISITED NOTRE DAME
track that took two minutes to go
around-the same amount of time
you're given to reply."
green with the ball near the pin he calls out, 'In respect for the
high office of the Vice-Presidency, isn't that putt good?' I'm
Bush runs about three miles a day when time permits-sub-
stantially less than Carter, a very serious jogger who ran as
usually his partner, so I stay mum, but his opponents seem to
get pleasure out of seeing him sweat it out. It's amazing. Usual-
many as seven miles when he stayed at Camp David. In 1979,
Carter considered himself fit enough to enter the Catoctin
ly if the ball's within the length of the leather grip, it's a
gimme, but for him within the blade is a challenge."
Mountain 10K race, in Maryland. Running in a field of 750,
wearing number 39, black socks and a yellow headband. Car-
According to Raynor, Bush had tried every conceivable
ter dropped out of the race after 3½ miles, ashen-faced. and
stroke to try to cure himself of the spasms or yips that take
was helped into a Secret Service car. He recovered in time to
over when he addresses a putt. "He's even tried putting one-
present prizes to the winners at the finish line-to which he
handed!" says Raynor. "The rest of his game is very strong.
was driven.
His best score on the course is 76. He'd be an easy 11 handicap
if he could get his putting under control."
Bush has also run a 10K, but under far less conspicuous cir-
To the Bushes, the score seems less important than the time
cumstances than Carter. At the Secret Service facility at An-
it takes to get around the course. "It's not what you make on a
napolis in 1981, he dawdled along, outpaced by agents trying
hole but how many ticks on the stopwatch it's taken you to
to make an impression. He says he needed just about an hour
to finish, which is a fairly respectable time.
hole out," Raynor says. "Cart polo we call it. We've done 18
holes in two hours and 20 minutes."
The usual procedure when he is done with his day's jogging
Is there any wagering?
is to pitch a game or two of horseshoes. His interest in the
"Absolutely not," he says. "It's all for respect-bragging
sport began a few years ago, when a court was installed at
rights. On the first tee the Vice-President often tells every-
Kennebunkport to provide a diversion for the Secret Service
body, 'All right now, it's dog-eat-dog. No favors. No friends.'
and other members of his entourage. Bush tried it and was en-
And that's what his opponents bring up when he's faced with a
tranced: "Heaven!" He has joined the National Horseshoe
one-foot putt and wants a gimme!"
Pitchers Association, which has a membership of 15.000-all
If golf outings are likely to be sporadic, other sporting pur-
of whom are surely stirred by the prospect of their sport rank-
ing high in the athletic hierarchy at the White House.
suits will be more regularly scheduled. Almost certainly the
new President will travel every winter between Christmas and
The Bushes have not yet decided where to put the Presiden-
New Year's to Farish's cattle ranch, the Lazy F, which is
tial horseshoe court. Barbara Bush feels that sizing up the
Rose Garden now would be like measuring for drapes before
158
GEORGE
BUSH
the Reagans have moved out of the White House. When they
charge of the Ranking Committee, and its findings are rarely
decide, the President-elect intends to bring some of the coun-
divulged, because hardly anyone in the family will admit that
try's best horseshoe pitchers to the White House for exhibi-
someone is better than someone else. Yet all matches reported
tions. He undoubtedly will team up with the best of them to
to the Ranking Committee are considered upsets by the vic-
take on all comers.
tors, which tends to confuse matters.
Bush is in awe of horseshoe champions, just as he is of any
For all his competitiveness the President-elect seems to
athlete who performs extremely well. He describes a horse-
take little interest in its tangible rewards. His mounted bone-
shoe, exhibition he once saw in which the pit and the stake
fish (TEN POUNDS, EIGHT OUNCES, reads the plaque under it) has
were hidden from the throwers by a high partition: "Clunk!
a little rubber bathtub shark riding its back, tossed up there by
Clunk! That's all you heard. Didn't faze these guys a bit. They
a grandchild. The closest thing to a trophy case in the Bush
don't even have to see the stake."
household is a cluttered shelf in a dormitorylike room on the
At the moment three horseshoe pits are at Bush's service-
third floor of the Washington residence. The jumble includes
one at the Vice-President's residence in Washington, and two
22 autographed baseballs, one of which was signed by Joe Di-
in Kennebunkport-and they are focal points of social activi-
Maggio, who added the comment, "You make the office look
ty. An annual event
great." There also is
in Kennebunkport
a football autographed
over the past seven
by Roger Staubach,
years has been a get-to-
who wrote, "Thanks
gether of those in the
for giving a darn about
area who are responsi-
friends"; a Keith Her-
ble for the President-
nandez-model first
elect's well-being-the
baseman's mitt; a Chi-
Coast Guard, person-
cago Cubs pennant; a
nel from Otis Air Base
1988 Dodgers World
on Cape Cod, the Se-
Series baseball cap; an
cret Service and so
NASL soccer ball; two
forth. On these occa-
hard hats (Brookfield
sions, with more than
Fire Dept.); and
300 guests milling
a blood-red Arkan-
about on Walker Point,
sas Razorback novel-
the day is highlight-
ty hat.
ed by competition on
The President-elect
the tennis and horse-
tried it on, the hog's
shoe courts between
snout poking out over
the Agent Busters and
his forehead, and then
Bush Whackers.
put it back on the shelf
The festivities start
and started talking
with a parade. The
Bush clan carries var-
about throwing out
ceremonial first balls.
ious flags brought back
travels in somewhat
FRANES 7718
One of his most embar-
from international
rassing moments oc-
curred in Houston two
haphazard fashion up
EVEN WHEN HE FAILS TO LAND ONE, BUSH LOVES FISHING
years ago, when he
the driveway, to the
bounced a baseball
beating of pails and
halfway to the Astros'
tin pans. The Bush Whackers do not march in the parade. "We
catcher. "You tend to forget the distance," Bush said, not men-
observe," says Secret Service agent Tom Clark, who heads the
tioning the fact that his motion had been hampered by a bul-
Whacker team. His squad members are from the midnight de-
let-proof vest. "It's a question of raising your sights. You learn.
tail; those on duty during the festivities keep their backs to the
Next time it's going to be right on target."
goings-on, staring into the sea roses or out at the water for un-
He stepped over a sleeping bag and looked out the window
friendlies. But they can tell from the needling and the shouts of
at the panorama of the city. Through the trees he could see the
encouragement-most of it from the Agent Busters-how
Washington Monument and the Capitol.
things are going. The competition is stiff. Over the years the
Did he think his duties in the White House would curtail his
Agent Busters have held the edge. As Clark says of the Presi-
athletic activities?
dent-elect, "He's a good loser, but he's a much better winner."
No, he said. He didn't think so. They are such an important
The results of all Bush family competitions are passed on to
part of his life. The Ranking Committee will be working full-
a mysterious organization known as the Ranking Committee.
force in the White House. And of course the next generation
The Bushes talk a great deal about the Ranking Committee-
will leave its mark. The children. They will bring their enthu-
a mystical, fictitious family body with what Jonathan Bush de-
siasms.
scribes as "enormous power." No one is quite sure who is in
"Whatever, it'll be lively," he said.
160