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[Newspaper Clippings, 1989-1991]
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Records of the White House Office of Speechwriting (George H. W. Bush Administration)
Tony Snow Subject Files
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This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
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Record Group/Collection: George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
Collection/Office of Origin: Speechwriting, White House Office of
Series:
Snow, Tony, Files
Subseries:
Subject File, 1988-1993
OA/ID Number:
13896
Folder ID Number:
13896-013
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[Newspaper Clippings, 1989-1991]
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G
18
29
2
4
222 Cate
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
1872
Serions mmy 1483
Stable 205 but Janes
Wash
Horp.
Ctr.
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL MONDAY, NOVEMBER 27, 1989
In Russia, Is It 1905 Again?
By VLADIMIR BUKOVSKY
Everything disintegrated, everything
other parts of the country and other indus-
restricting cooperatives and extending po-
"By late October the Baltic provinces
turned to chaos."
tries. It virtually brought the entire coun-
lice powers to the army. In April of this
were in a state of full-blown rebellion; the
It is hard to belleve that this passage Is
try to a standstill by paralyzing the rail-
year, an attempt was made to Introduce a
Caucasus was afire with ethnic and nation-
not yesterday's dispatch from Moscow, but
ways. Even the liberal professions joined
new and even more,severe law in place of
alistic
violence
And, of course, Po-
a page from a book by Leon Trotsky. To be
in. It rapidly became a political, Instead of
the notorious articles 70 and 190 of the
land was "completely ungovernable." Is
sure, we still do not have an outright mu-
an economic, action. Nothing could stop it,
Criminal Code used against dissidents un-
this what a historian will write about our
tiny in the Soviet Army, nor do we see
like a wildfire.
der Brezhnev. Although the law was with-
time? No, this is what a historian has writ-
rebellious peasants looting and burning es-
ten about the Russian revolution of 1905.
tates of the landlords, as they did in 1905.
The Soviet wildfire bègan as a minor
drawn for re-drafting at the last moment,
Admittedly, there is no comparison be-
The breakdown of law and order is, how-
pay dispute in the coal mines of Vorkuta,
the authorities' intention was unmistak-
tween the Russian monarchy and a totali-
ever, undeniable. "It is an explosion of
and spread to other coal mines in Kuzbass
able. Then this fall came another round
crime, a real explosion," the minister of
and Donbass. A mere threat of a railroad
of emergency legislation: a ban on strikes,
tarian nuclear superpower. It is not just
strike-the railroad's are still Russia's mo-
more restrictions on cooperatives and an
a century that separates them, a century
the interior, V. Bakatin, has complained in
tor nerves-frightened Mr. Gorbachev SO
increase in the number of the Internal
of incredibly fast developments in all
Literaturnaya Gazeta.
spheres of human life; the principles upon
much that he hastily accepted all the
Troops.
Racketeers and youth gangs terrorize
which they were built have nothing in com-
entire cities, sometimes even storming po-
miners' demands, even though he knew he
While no one can tell exactly when the
mon. Yet the current Soviet crisis is re-
lice stations when one of their lot is ar-
could not possibly fulfill his promises.
crackdown may occur, the task itself will
markably similar to that of 1905.
be much easier than is believed. The 1905
rested. Shootings have became comnion on
In the pause since then, Mr. Gorbachev
It is little remembered today that the
the streets of Moscow. Although possession
revolution was, remember, crushed, even
rushed through his Duma a ban on all
events of 1905 were set in motion by a cam-
of firearms is a criminal offense, accord-
though the czarist police were no match
strikes of any -significance, as if a ban
raign of glasnost. Prince Svyatopolk-
ing to police estimates there are 16 million
for the KGB, and the czarist army, most of
could ever stop a wildfire-but the strikes
Mirsky, former chief
which was trapped in the Far East as a re-
or 17 million firearms
returned two months
of gendarmes, was
The events of 1905
in private hands, and
later, -this time, Ille-
sult of the war with
appointed minister of
the number is grow-
gally. The striking
A totalitarian regime
Japan, was only about
the interior in order
were set: in motion by a
one-fifth of the size of
ing. A popular joke-
miners of Vorkuta are
to inaugurate "an ep-
the best barometer of
creates a class of rulers, 18
the present Soviet
och of rapprochement
campaign of glasnost, to
not asking for a pay
public sentiment in
increase any longer,
army, with at least
between the authori-
million of them in the So-
ties and the people."
maugurate
"rapproche-
the Soviet Union-
nor for a better sup-
one-third of the troops
asks, "What is the
ply of goods to their
viet Union. They are an
in a state of mutiny.
The prince himself
ment between the authori-
All in all, the czar
next stage after
shops. They are de-
explained his pro-
ties and the people.
perestroika? Per-
manding a removal of
occupying army that can-
could rely only on
gram of reform, ev-
strelka" (shootout).
the Communist Party
not be forced to withdraw.
some 60,000 Cossacks,
ery word of which
Every day Yuri
from power, and fair
three divisions of gen-
would have been endorsed by Mikhail Gor-
Shatalin, the three-star general in charge
darmes and a few
and free elections.
bachev, as a desire "for broad progress, at
of the Internal Troops, receives several re-
regiments of Imperial Guards.
No historical analogy could be SO com-
least to the extent that this is not Incom-
quests from local, district and regional au-
By contrast, apart from the army, the
plete as to offer us a timetable. The Rus-
patible with the existing order."
thorities begging him to send them his
Soviet authorities have at their disposal
sian winter may even cool down this fire,
Like all policemen-turned-reformers,
men. At least- 21,000 of them are already
230,000 KGB troops (a Soviet version of
at least for a while. But as in 1905, the peo-
past and present, Svyatopolk-Mirsky was
deployed in the hottest spots of unrest in
the Waffen SS equipped with tanks, heli-
ple and the regime are on a collision
immediately acclaimed in the, Western
Central Asia and the Caucasus. Like his
copters, artillery and planes, aimed at
course. To the leadership, glasnost and
press as a liberal. The Russian people,
predecessors 84 years ago, Gen. Shatalin
dealing with a military mutiny 340,000
however, had a completely different idea
perestroika signal a change of policy, de-
knows that there are not enough troops to
Internal Troops; special elite units like the
of progress. Encouraged by glasnost, a
signed to save the system. To the people,
protect every district, and that sending
30,000 Spetsnaz; 70,000 paratroops; two di-
they are a chance to change the system.
conference of representatives from the ru-
small detachments to every town and vil-
visions of Marines and a few particularly
ral councils, meeting with the prince's per-
lage, where they will be easy targets for
The West may still think of Mr. Gorba-
trusted Guards divisions. In total, 750,000
mission, adopted a resolution clearly "in-
propaganda or bullets, is hardly a solution.
chev as a liberal reformer. To his people,
highly reliable fighting men. The popula-
compatible with the existing order.' In
So, as in 1905, most of those requests are
however, he is just another party boss in
tion has only doubled since 1905, but the re-
short, they demanded a constitution and a
denied. "It is not our task to disperse
charge of the state machine responsible for
pressive apparatus has increased eight
parliamentary democracy.
peaceful demonstrations, or to fight with
their misery. The fact that economic ne-
times.
Although newspapers were promptly
strikers and criminals,' the general has
cessity forced him to Introduce certain re-
The Soviets have techniques and equip-
forbidden to print or discuss the confer-
argued in the Moscow News.
forms could make no people grateful for
ment-tanks, planes, helicopters-un-
ence resolution, the public perceived it as
The glamour of history very often dis-
very long. A crack in the prison wall is al-
thought of In 1905. Nor are there well-or-
an opportunity for change: After all, the
torts our perception, turning events of the
ways perceived by a prisoner as an oppor-
ganized revolutionary parties in Russia
conference was officially sanctioned. There
past into something bigger than reality.
tunity to escape, not as an improvement in
today, as there were 84 years ago. Above
followed a season of banquets, declara-
But which feature of the 1905 events cannot
the ventilation.
all, we should bear in mind that the major-
tions, protests, petitions and manifesta-
be seen at present?
ity of the Soviet people, who have lived
tions, in which all sorts of corporations and
Anyway, where is the reform? After
The humiliating
through past terrors, will be easily scared
associations expressed their support for
four years of frantic
defeat in the war with
Into submission. This is why it is realistic
the resolution.
Japan In 1904-1905, a
To Soviet leaders, glas-
activity, known to the
to compare the present Soviet crisis with
Meanwhile, excitement spread into the
bedazzled world as
war that revealed the
streets in the form of student demonstra-
czarist government's
nost and perestroika are
1905, and not with 1917. In Lenin's words,
perestroika; the So-
this is just a "dress rehearsal.'
tions and popular processions that the lib-
designed to save the sys-
viet economy has be-
bureaucratic incom-
1917 Too
eral prince had to disperse with the help of
come even less pro-
petence and callous
the Cossacks. On Jan. 9, 1905, a huge pro-
disregard for human
tem. To the people, they
ductive, the budget
But there will be a 1917 too. The present
deficit has swelled,
Sovlet crisis is far more grave than any
cession of workers went to the Winter Pal-
life, is comparable to
ace to present their petition, with icons and
are a chance to change the
the lines outside the
thing known in Russian history. If any-
the Soviet adventure
prayers, to Czar Nicholas II. The soldiers
shops are longer, the
thing, the Russian economy was growing
in Afghanistan. Even
system.
opened fire, killing hundreds.
goods' are scarcer.
too fast at the turn of the century, causing
if the latter was not a
Clearly,
the
socio-political problems and challenging
Bloody Sunday
military defeat, it affected public morale
half-measures of Mr. Gorbachev's cele-
the outdated autocracy. The Soviet econ-
After this episode, known to history as
in exactly the same way.
brated reforms, his New Deal aimed at
omy, on the contrary, is rapidly declining.
"Bloody Sunday,' the government and the
We have not seen yet a "Bloody Sun-
salvaging socialism; have failed to Incite
This alone is going to provide a constant
people were clearly on a collision course.
day" in Moscow, but the slaughter in Tbi-
the popular enthusiasm needed to Improve
source of unrest, not to mention growing
Protests and riots, strikes and mutiny in
lisi last spring took a comparable number
economic performance.
national movements in the republics.
the army and navy continued throughout
of casualties. At least the czar did not use
chemical weapons against his people. In
However, what was not enough for eco-
Still, destroying the "framework of SO
the year, culminating in the All-Russia Po-
any case, we might yet see such an event
nomic revival is proving to be too much for
clalism" will be no easy task. Unlike an
litical Strike in the middle of October.
Moscow. The Chinese reformers did not
political survival. The Sovlet empire is in
autocracy, where the ruling elite tainted
Even. after frightened czar granted a
turmoil. From the Baltic Sea to the Cauca-
by the regime's crimes is tiny, a totalitar-
kind of constitution (the Manifesto of
hesitate to shoot students in front of the
stan mountains, and from the Danube, to
lan regime creates a whole class of rulers,
Oct. 17th) and a kind of a parliament (the
television cameras. Why should their So-
18 million of them in the Soviet Union, who
(viet comrades more camera-shy?
Siberia, former "captive nations") are ris-
Duma), the unrest continued. Nationalities
are incapable of any other social function.
There is even Soviet equivalent of the
ing up, to demand their national independ-
wanted Independence; peasants; land;
Black Hundred, the aptly titled "Pa
ence. In: the Soviets Union itself. last
They are a state within a state, an occupy-
workers, social justice: and all them to
myat (Memory which is as anti-Semitic
spring's
elections
restricted
ing army that cannot be finished off by a
gether. craved revolution:
manipu-
lated
its 1905 counterpart ever
as
they
were,showed
Lcoup and cannot be forced to withdraw as
clear
vote
of
they
have
no
place
to
withdraw
to.
The spirit of mutiny swept the land
was, and no sinspired by the secret po-
Having freed Itself from inherited
lice. The first anti-Jewish pogrom was just
Further economic decline is bound to swell
This tragic development is by no means
fears and imaginary obstacles, the mass
reported in Georgia in October:
the wave of strikes and to radicalize
unique to the Soviet Union. We are witness
did not want to, and could not, see the real
workers' demands. The people want de-
ing an event of truly historic proportions,
And the "People's Congress" this
spring-was it not in many ways similar to
mocracy. Not a "sociallst democracy," not
unfolding before our eyes in the entire
obstacles in Its path. Therein lay its weak-
the first Duma? It certainly was equally
"democratization," but democracy. al.
world of socialism from Havana to Bel-
ness, and also its strength. It rushed for-
ward like the ocean tide whipped by a
grade and from Warsaw to Peking. To
powerless to influence the course of the
storm. It was as though someone were
By the fall of 1988, the Soviet leaders al-
paraphrase Marx, we are witnessing the
government's policy.
stirring the social cauldron; right to its
ready knew that their reforms had falled
world-wide crisis of socialism, a crisis
But the most spectacular event of the
very bottom, with a gigantic spoon.
and were preparing to cope with the conse--
whose roots go back to the beginning of
1905, the one which brought the czar to his
Workers' strikes, incessant processions,
quences. The most radical reforms, such
our century, when the wrong choice was
knees and forced him to grant a constitu-
wreckings of country estates, strikes of po-
as the deregulation of prices, were sus-
made by so many. As the Russian Prime
tion, was the All-Russia Political Strike.
Starting as a minor pay dispute in Mos-
pended. New restrictive laws were hastily
Minister, Count Sergei Witte, wrote in
licemen and janitors, and finally unrest
Introduced, curbing freedom of public
1905:
and mutiny among the soldiers and sailors.
cow's printing shops, it quickly spread to
meetings, limiting freedom of the press,
"One, and perhaps the main reason of
our revolution is a delay in the develop-
ment of the principle of individualism and,
therefore, in the sense of ownership, In the
meaning of citizenship, including civil lib-
erties. All of these were not allowed to de-
velop naturally, and as life pressed on, the
people had either to be stifled or to burst
this cocoon by force. A bad steam engine is
blown up by steam: The choice is either
not to increase pressure and, therefore,
fall behind, or to modernize the engine
while speeding along. The principle of pri-
Photocopy-Preservation
vate ownership forms today all economic
relations; the whole world is based on
It.'
Mr. Bukousky, the author of "To Build
a Castle" (Viking, 1979), is at work on "
book about the current Soviet crisis.
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL FRIDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1991
The Moderate Democrat's Curse
By FRED BARNES
tional left and the institutional liberal In-
mentalism for scaring away moderate
Democratic Sen: Ernest Hollings of
terest groups that give money and endorse-
Democrats and losing elections. Mr. Clin-
South Carolina was hardly a dove. He'd op:
ments, says Mike McCurry, the former
ton came close to saying this in May. "Too
posed both nuclear arms control treaties,
spokesman for the Democratic National
many of the people who used to vote for
SALT I and SALT II. He defended the war
Committee. They don't give either to noisy
us, the very burdened middle class we re
In Vietnam. He endorsed most Pentagon
moderates.
talking about, have not trusted us in na-
spending. But when President Reagan or
What's worse for moderates hordes of
tional elections to defend our national In-
dered the Invasion of Grenada in 1983, Mr.
moderate voters have abandoned the Dem-
terests abroad, to put their values into our
Hollings balked. Instead he asked his staff
ocratic primaries. In 1976, 20% of eligible
social policy at home; or to take their tax
what position he should take. Most urged
voters in Florida participated in the Demo:
money and spend It with discipline," he
him to oppose the invasion, and that's what
cratic primary. Jimmy Carter, the moder-
said. But he hasn' repeated that lately. He
he did. He denounced Mr. Reagan for In-
ate alternative that year, won. In 1988, 13%
needs to, now that voters are beginning to
dulging in "macho politics.
voted. Mr. Dukakis, the liberal favorite,
listen. Certainly no other Democratic can-
This puzzling conduct has a simple ex-
won." Some of the missing Democratic
didate Is likely to zing the party.
planation: He was à Democratic presiden
voters have become Republicans. Others
National Security. It's crazy for a mod-
tial candidate at the time. And he did what
have given up on politics. Getting them to
erate Democrat to yield this issue. There's
moderates invariably do in the heat of a
vote in Democratic primaries again no
fertile ground to plow to the right of Presi-
Democratic presidential race. He ne-
easy feat. Mr. Glenn tried to organize dis
dent Bush on foreign policy. A moderate
glected his moderate base and wooed lib-
affected Democrats in the Iowa caucuses
Democrat could criticize for failing to
eral voters. It didn't work. Mr. Hollings,
in 1984. Not many showed up to vote, but
oust Saddam Hussein, for cozying up to
failed to Inspire moderate voters in the pri-
then he didn't give them much reason to:
Mikhail Gorbachey while ignoring demo-
maries and caucuses, and he didn't get
Mr. Babbitt tried again in 1988 and fared
cratic leaders like Boris Yeltsin and delay-
many liberal votes either,
no better. Now Mr. Clinton Is eager to at-
ing recognition of the: Baltics, for reck-
tract them
lessly. cutting America's nuclear arsenal,
Ignominious Losses
It. can be done, but not by a faint-
for being soft on Chinese communists. The
hearted moderate who mimics liberals To
only Democrat who's worked this angle is
The moderate alternative always loses
be successful, a moderate must play, up his
Mr. Wilder. he backed off after his
nowadays. Sometimes the loss Is ignomini-
comment about killing Saddam stirred con-
ous. Sen. John Glenn of Ohio, the former
troversy. Alone among announced Demo-
astronaut lionized in "The Right Stuff,"
Moderates panic in the
cratic candidates, Mr. Clinton backed Des-
was billed as the moderate Democrat with
primaries, hide their iden-
ert Storm. That gives him entree to criti-
the best shot at winning the 1984 nomina-
cize his opponents as isolationists for balk-
tion. But, like Mr. Hollings, he concen-
trated on pressing liberal buttons (he criti-
tity as moderates, and lose
ing at the use of force and, later, to go af-
ter Mr. Bush.
cized the Grenada invasion). He lost
the
nomination.
The
badly.
Race. Democratic candidates either
Despite the disastrous examples of Mr.
party's liberal elite domi-
steer clear of this sensitive issue or say
Glenn and:Mr. Hollings, the moderate al-
what the civil rights lobby wants to hear. A
nates
the
nommating
ternatives in 1988, Sen. Albert Gore of Ten-
Democrat who aggressively questions af-
phase, and moderates are
firmative action and quotas will be treated
nessee and former Gov. Bruce/Babbitt of
as a pariah by liberals. But a moderate
Arizona, took roughly the same tack and
wary of crossing them.
candidate who ducks the issue won't be
suffered the same result. Now Gov. Bill
taken seriously by disaffected Democrats.
Clinton of Arkansas Is positioned as the
moderate alternative for 1992. He faces the
moderate positions relentlessly and use
To them, race is critical: Mr. Clinton's cur-
them as a weapon against opponents. Lib-
rent stance won't win moderates. He dis-
temptation to appease the party's liberal,
wing: If he does, he'll soon. be history.
erals may boo, but that will signal moder-
misses the quota flap as a cynical attempt
ate voters there's a kindred spirit in the
by Mr. Bush to divide white males from
What causes moderates to cloak their
race. In California, Senate. candidate DI-
the Democratic party. Maybe so, but mid-
moderate views when seeking the Demo-
cratic presidential nomination? It's an im-
anne Feinstein was booed by liberal Demo-
die-class moderates don't see it that
portant question. Because Democrats,
crats in 1990 when she endorsed capital
way
who've lost five of the last six presidential
punishment and lauded President Bush's
Revulsion Against Welfare
elections, desperately need a moderate
tough posture against Saddam Hussein.
She lost liberal votes, but attracted many
Values. Abortion, pornography and the
nominee to challenge the Republican can-
didate in the Sun Belt and West, where
more from moderates. John Anderson got
flag don't matter much in the Democratic
George Bush, Ronald Reagan and Richard
a boost in the 1980 Republican presidential
race. Welfare, crime. and the underclass
Nixon amassed their electorate majorities.
race when he was booed at a forum spon
do, Moderate voters are looking for a can-
A liberal who suddenly becomes a moder-
sored by gun owners.
didate who reflects their revulsion. Mr.
ate (Walter Mondale, Michael Dukakis) in
A moderate should be thrilled If liberal
Marshall says he's been shocked by "the
violence of feelings" against welfare in
the fall isn't credible there. A true moder-
activists are angry. That means clear dis
focus groups of Democratic voters. In a
ate would be. The problem is that moder-
tinctions are being drawn-between the
moderate and his or her liberal rivals. Of
vague way, Mr. Clinton is trying to tap this
ates panic in the primaries, hide their
course the distinctions have to be ones that
by talking up. "personal responsibility.' In
identity as moderates, and lose the nomi-
appeal to the moderate Democratic elec-
announcing his candidacy Oct. 3, he said,
nation. How come?
"we should insist that people move off wel-
They' afraid. The party's liberal elite
torate, mostly middle-class whites. Mr.
fare rolls and onto work rolls." That's a
dominates the nominating phase, and mod-
Glenn, Mr. Hollings and Mr. Babbitt
start, but he'll have to flesh it out.
erates are wary of crossing them. The ac-
stressed economic austerity. It wasn't well
tivists who take a keen Interest in presi-
received. "I haven't seen a market yet for
Should all else fall, there's a surefire
tough choices, says Stan Greenberg,
way to be noticed by disenchanted moder-
dential politics, sign up for campaign jobs,
Clinton's pollster. Gov, Douglas Wilder of
ates: get. in a feud with Jesse Jackson.
or show up for candidate events are mostly
liberals. Thus there's not much positive
Virginia Is running in 1992 as a fiscal con-
This thought has crossed Mr. Clinton's
feedback for moderate positions. Mr. Holl-
servative. That has, little resonance with
mind. Even If Mr. Jackson doesn't run,
Democratic voters.
he still be on the sidelines kibbitzing. To
ings got little from his campaign staff.
Four clusters of issues are available to
white moderates, Mr. Jackson is the sym-
Rep. Dave McCurdy of Oklahoma, who
bol of all that's wrong with the Democratic
briefly considered a 1992 race, got a cool
a
moderate alternative who pursues a
party. But in 1984 and 1988, Mr. Jackson's
reception when he gave a moderate pitch
strategy of differentiation. Mr. Clinton has
foes gave him-a free ride. Mr. Babbitt said
to the Democratic National Committee last
touched vaguely on all of them in recent
everyone should lay off Mr. Jackson be-
month. An aggressive moderate candidacy
speeches.
cause "there has been so much racism in
would make liberals furious. Moderates
The Party. Disaffected Democrats are
this society. A moderate alternative who
have been unwilling to risk that
looking for a sign that they weren't wrong
treats Mr. Jackson like that will lose every
The nomination process is stacked
in rejecting Democrats in four of the last
time.
against the moderate candidate who sticks
five presidential elections, says Will Mar
to his guns. The important thing is early
shall of the Progressive Policy Institute,
momentum and it comes from collecting
moderate Democratic think tank This can
Mr. Barnes covers the White House for
endorsements and money. "It's the Institu-
be telegraphed by blaming liberal funda The New
Republic:
Photocopy-Preservation
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL FRIDAY; JULY 21, 1989
Who Needs Peace in the Middle East?
By IRVING KRISTOL
connection than do the other Arab and
Saúdi Arabia, while-formally endorsing a
Whom the gods would destroy, they first
lamic nations.
Palestinian state butchaving no desire for
make mad. Whom the gods would make
A strong case can be made that the Im
another war. with Israel, have kept the
mad, they first inflame with the ambition
portance the U.S. attaches to these three
PLQ at arm's length, It is no accident that
to bring peace to the Middle East. For
countries, and the degree to which they are
PLO headquarters in far off Tunis, not
years now, both the State Department and
allowed to influence official thinking on the
Cairo, and that when the PLO has its con-
White House have been suffering acutely
Middle East; is an Instance of the tall
ventions they take place in Mo-
from such an inflammation.
ging the dog. True, Saudi Arabia is an oil
rocco.
Somehow or other, the U.S. foreign pol-
rich land and merits respectful attention.
It is perhaps. as well, therefore,
tcy establishment has become convinced-
But it is no longer a cash country as
that there is possibility of a negotiated
and has convinced the media-that the key
oil prices (in real terms have come down
Israeli alestinian/peace settlement which
to peace in the Middle East is to be found
drastically, and It has a papier mache re:
could be only a guaranteed prelude to a
In a resolution 'of the Israell Palestinian
gime that could be blown away tomorrow.
war that might convulse the entire Middle
conflict. Why do they believe this when the
Egypt has the potential to become
East. Israel will never yield East Jerusa-
evidence of their senses refutes It? After
portant and, within the region, powerf
which Arab majority but also
all, the bloody civil war between Arabs
country, but it seems utterly incapable of
includes all the holy places, to the Pales-
that is ravishing Lebanon has nothing
realizing a fraction of this potential. As for
tinians (or anyone else At the same time,
whatsoever to do with the Palestinian con-
Jordan, its very survival Is'a daily mira
no Arab leader, Palestinian or otherwise,
flict. Moreover, there are clear signs that
cle.
would dare envisage Palestinian state
Syria's involvement in the Lebanon mess
It is fair to say that, even if some kind
without East Jerusalem its! capital.
could lead to a war with Iraq, which will
of Israeli Palestinian agreement could be
Moreover, eyen they'doves in Israel fore-
not tolerate President Haffez Assad's de-
see the necessity of an eventual Madjust-
sign for a greater Syria that incorporates
Lebanon. Or it could lead to a war with Is-
Board of Contributors
ment for security reasons, in Israel's
borders while no Palestinian leader could
rael, since such a greater Syria, restored
sign a treaty that legalized-any such "ad-
to its pre-World War I boundaries, would
justment
also include all of Palestine.
Even if some kind of Is
The State Department has staked its
Destroy Israel
raeli-Palestinian agreement
reputation being a mediator In circum-
stances where active mediation leads only,
In fact, the three most powerful Islamic
states In the region-Syria, Iraq and Iran-
could be reached, the situd
and quickly, to a dead end, Watchful walt
Ing would make much sense.
have told the world, in no uncertain terms,
tion of Egypt, Saudi Arabia
This is not to deny that the current situ-
that one of their major foreign policy goals
Is the destruction of Israel. None of these
and Jordan would not much
ation on the West Bank is tragic in human
terms, and pointless in political terms. Is
states has ever evinced the slightest Inter-
est in the question of a Palestinian state on
improve, and might worsen.
rael cannot hope to repress the intifada in-
definitely while waiting for a "moderate"
the tiny sliver of territory we call the West
reached, the situation of these three coun-
Palestinian leadership to emerge. It won't
Bank. Nor have they ever shown any Inter-
tries would not much improve, and might
emerge because? prompt assassination
est in the fate of the Palestinian Arabs, a
tiny population that could never play a role
even much worsen: Popular opinion would
would be its fate. Most Israells understand
be temporarily assuaged. But Jordan
this by now, but public (opinion In Israel
in the power politics of the Middle East. So
how could there be an Israel-Arab "peace
would probably be absorbed into a Pales-
with regard to the West Bank is so divided,
tinian state-It already has a Palestinian
so far from-anything even resembling a
settlement" in the region that excludes
majority-while the Saudis and Egyptians
consensus, that no coherent policy is avail-
those three Moslem states? They would
never sign any such treaty, they would not
would find their relations with Israel and
able to its government.
be bound by any such treaty, they would
the U.S. at the mercy of a Palestinian state
A Settlement of Sorts
contemptuously ignore any such treaty.
whose volatile politics would of necessity,
Now, the State Department actually
and to a large degree, be shaped by irre-
Pronically, one can discern in Israel the
dentist passions.
emergence of an Idea, appealing to many
does know all this-knows that a settle-
This irredentist dynamic is built into
hawks land "doves allke, for an Israell
ment of the Israel-Palestinian conflict is of
Palestinian realities. The million or so Pal-
initiative that would bring about a settle-
marginal significance and has preclous lit-
estinian refugees-by now mainly children
ment of sorts, although not a peaceful set-
tle to do with "peace in the Middle East.
and grandchildren of the originalarefu-
tlement, This involves Israel drawing a
But It is led to focus on this issue, to the
line down the West Bank that would delin-
gees-did not come from the West Bank,
exclusion of almost all others, because
there are three Arab countries for which it
have no family connections on the West
eate the slice of territory important to its
Bank, have no memories of the West Bank.
national security, annexing that territory
is Indeed an important matter. They are
Jordan, Egypt and Saudi Arabia. These
The "homeland" of which they dream is
soutright, and thenswithdrawing from the
the part of Palestine that is now Israels
rest of the West Bank, leaving It to its own
are the only Arab nations that have rela-
tively friendly relations with the U.S., and
is a homeland that has real cities-Jerusa
(presumably chaotic destiny
lem, Jaffa, Haifa, Acre-and green pas
Israel would then cope with West Bank
the State Department treasures them as its
"assets" in the region, though "client
tures In Galllee, as against the dusty, rus
turmoll as it copes with the turmoil in Leb-
states" would be more accurate.
tic towns and villages of the West Bank
anon. The Israelis may well prefer this to
surrounded by arid scrubland. During the
the futile policing of an occupied territory
These nations are either too small and
20 years that Jordan occupied the West
The State Department would be outraged-
weak (Jordan and Saudi Arabia) or too
as would the ultra nationalist sector of Is
Bank, prior to the -1967 war, It never OC
geographically removed (Egypi) to play a
curred to anyone that this area might be
raell opinion-at being presented with such
major role In Middle Eastern affairs. But
a suitable homeland for the Palestinians
fait accompli,which is why Israell lead-
they all abut (in the case of Saudi Arabia,
ers are loath eyen to contemplate the
or the site of a Palestinian state
almost) on Palestine, have large numbers
So it is not surprising that most Israelis
Idea The Middle East, however, con-
of Palestinian refugees, and have popula-
take it for granted that a Palestinian state
stantly being shaped and reshaped by falts
tions that do care; far more than their gov-
accomplist could happen once again.
on the West Bank, so far from representing
ernments care, about what Is happening on
a "peace settlement," would be but a pre:
the West Bank. They care especially about
liminary stage in an ever-intensifying con
Kristol, an American Enterprise In-
the holy city of Jerusalem, with which they
flict with Israel. Nor is It surprising that
stitute fellow, co-edits The Public Interest
have a more intimate and more heartfelt
the governments of Egypt, Jordan and
and publishes National Interest
Photocopy-Preservation
PATRICK BUCHANAN
The new
serve divisions suggested m
an
are sometimes known as "cadre" divi-
sions.
Crackup of the conservatives
The idea of such partly manned units
is part of a larger proposal advanced
by Mr. Wolfowitz as a basis for building
up forces in a crisis. The broader plan
calls for storing equipment from dis-
argues, have been co-opted by neo-
tive Lane Kirkland of the AFL-CIO
mantled units and retaining officers
ell before Old Dutch
cons the same way liberals co-opted
In 1988, Olin gave a three-year gran
who could train and lead if It became
W
rode off into the sunset,
the movement he had led
Like the fleas who
the great foundation of Henry Ford.
of $376,000 to Irving Kristol.
necessary.
Who is fed the tax-free dollars?
Who is being cut out? "The Old
Some elements of the plan have
to power in 1980 had be-
conclude they are
American Spectator, writes Mr.
Right Fund for American Studies,
drawn sharp criticism from the serv-
gun to break apart.
A first, deep fissure surfaced in
Gottfried, gets $450,000 a year. The
the National Humanities Institute,
ices. Pentagon officials said final deci-
steering the dog, the
New Criterion got $150,000 in 1989
[James] Taylor's Young Americans
sions on important elements will not be
'81 when respected Old Right
reached by Mr. Cheney until the com-
scholar M.E. Bradford was savaged
neo-cons' relationship
from Scaife and gets annual grants
Foundation, the Conservative Cau-
manders in the field and the Joint
of $100,000 from Olin. The Free Con-
cus of Howard Phillips and even the
Chiefs of Staff meet later this month
by neo-conservatives because he
stood in the path of one of their own,
to the movement has
gress Foundation receives "hun-
black conservative Lincoln Institute
and studies are completed on issues
dreds of thousands of dollars yearly
whose leader Jay Parker dared to
like the proper mix of active and re-
then-Democrat Bill Bennett, who
wanted to take over that cornucopia
always been
from the Bradley and Olin Founda-
dress down Jack Kemp] have all
serve forces.
of academic prestige and pork, the
parasitical.
tions.' In even greater amount
been deemed unfit for funding."
One point of contention revolves
National Endowment for the Hu-
from Bradley, Olin and Smith-
As a tiny handful of neo-cons now
around the possibility, raised in delib-
manities.
Richardson goes to the Institute for
control the money spigot of the
erations on the plan, that the United
Educational Affairs.
American Right, who are they, and
States would modify its longstanding
There were other collisions -
policy of keeping some aircraft carri-
sary, to restore their movement to its
"In late 1988 Bradley conferred
what do they believe?
over money, issues and power (most
ers constantly stationed near areas of
first principles.
$475,000 on the James Madison Cen-
Ex-Great Society liberals, almost
of which the neo-cons won). But
potential conflict. The United States
their tactics - including the smear-
Written by Politics Professor
ter; which was subsequently incor-
all of them, they support the welfare
could deploy other types of vessels in
Paul Gottfried of Elizabethtown Col-
porated into I.E.A. The center was
state and Big Government. They are
some areas where carriers have tradi-
ing of opponents as racists, nativ-
ists, fascists and anti-Semites - left
lege, the piece, "Scrambling for
organized as a forum for William
pro-civil rights and affirmative ac-
tionally operated and develop plans to
many conservatives wondering if we
Funds," appears in the March issue
Bennett, who, together with Jack
tion, though anti-quota. They are
"surge" carriers to trouble spots in a
hadn't made a terrible mistake when
of RRR, the Rothbard-Rockwell Re-
Kemp, has emerged as one of the
pro-foreignaid especially for Israel.
crisis.
port (a monthly put out by the Center
two preferred presidential candi-
They favor higher immigration quo-
Mr. Wolfowitz and General Powell
we brought these ideological va-
grants in off the street and gave
for Libertarian Studies, of Burlin-
dates of the rieo-conservatives"
tas, and some demand open borders.
have reportedly raised the question of
them a warm place by the fire.
game, Calif.). Mr. Gottfried doc-
Mr. Gottfried has names, dollars,
Many are viscerally hostile to the
reducing the Navy to 11 deployable air-
Last week, a piece arrived sug-
uments the capture of the four big
dates, of who got what, when.
Old Right, and to any America First
craft carriers as part of a minimal
gesting that the Old Right and its
conservative foundations by neo-con
Other big beneficiaries of the
foreign policy. They want to use
Navy force. The fleet of 11 carriers
staffers who are steering $30 million
four sisters: Hudson Institute; Mi-
America's wealth to promote "global
would not include a carrier used for
allies have had it, that they are ready
to hang out the dirty linen, if neces-
a year to front groups, magazines,
chael Novak's Crisis," Richard John
democracy" abroad and impose
training and another that is usually in
Neuhaus' "First Things," and the Na-
"democratic values" in our public
overhaul.
scholars and policy institutes who
toe their party line. The "four sis-
tional Endowment for Democracy,
schools.
The Navy has complaining that such
Patrick Buchanan is a nationally
ters" - Olin, Scaife, Bradley and
two-thirds of whose budget is
syndicated columnist.
Smith-Richardson foundations he
handed over to that great conserva-
see BUCHANAN, page G4
Photocopy-Preservation
THE WASHINGTON POST
THURSDAY, JANUARY 4, 1990 A27
2)
THE U.S. INVASION OF PANAMA
Panamanians Celebrate in Streets
Over News of Noriega's Flight
PANAMA, From A1
plexion, and became a banned op-
First Vice President Arias Cal-
position symbol.
deron said Armijo had offered to re-
that the Panamanian government
NUNCA
Bare-chested boys dodged
sign after the government "obtained
was "knowledgeable that the deal
through standstill traffic, swigging
information related to his personal
was going down." He said he be-
from champagne bottles and
finances." He said the difficulty was
lieved that no representative of the
screaming their heads off. Every fa-
Panamanian government was
unrelated to the Security Force but
ther seemed to be carrying a child
refused to elaborate. Armijo's sec-
present when Noriega surrendered
aloft. One man yelled repeatedly,
to U.S. soldiers.
ond-in-command, Lt. Col. Eduardo
"Progress! Liberty! Happiness! We
Thurman praised Papal Nuncio
Herrera Hassan, was named to re-
are free!"
Jose Sebastian Laboa as "extraor-
place him.
Earlier today, more than 10,000
dinarily competent," saying he has
Endara chose Armijo to build a
Panamanians rallied outside the
performed "Herculean work." First
new national security force Dec. 26,
Vatican embassy demanding that
six days after the U.S. invasion
CRIMENESTY
Vice President Ricardo Arias Cal-
Noriega be turned over to the Unit-
deron said, "We owe a great debt to
routed Noriega's Panama Defense
ed States.
Laboa. His work resulted in peace."
"Justice! Justice! Justice!" and
Forces, which performed police
Second Vice President Guillermo
"Assassin!" chanted the people,
functions. The choice of Armijo was
Ford also said Noriega had decided
shaking their fists and waving flags.
widely criticized because of his long
of his own accord to turn himself
Most of the demonstrators wore
service under both Noriega and one
over to U.S. forces. "There weren't
white, the trademark of opposition
of his predecessors, Gen. Omar
any conditions," Ford told a local
to Noriega when he was in power.
Torrijos.
REUTER
television interviewer. "He did it all
The crowd, estimated to range
Endara defended Armijo as the
Panamanians hold signs saying "Asylum, No!" and "Never Again" in anti-Noriega protest before Noriega's arrest.
voluntarily."
from 10,000 to 20,000 demonstra-
top PDF official thought to have
Shortly after 9:00 p.m, two Black
tors, stretched for more than a mile
been free of corruption after those
down Balboa Avenue as it curved
above him fled or were arrested.
Eagleburger, who characterized
he steered clear of estimates of how
Hawk helicopters touched down in a
to help house Chorrillo's displaced
sports field adjacent to the Vatican
Herrara Hassan is a former Pan-
his delegation's visit as a fact-finding
much U.S. aid it would take to get.
residents temporarily and to clean up
along Panama Bay.
mission, said in a statement: "We are
embassy. Videotape taken by
Hundreds of demonstrators at
amanian ambassador to Israel. He
the country's troubled economy go-
damage caused by the fires.
American news networks stationed
bullish on the Panamanian economy,
ing again.
Panamanian Second Vice Pres-
one point got past small barricades
was cashiered from the army by
Noriega in April 1988, ostensibly
and we are going to spread the word
He added, however, that the Unit-
ident Ford has estimated the coun-
on the balconies of a high-rise hotel
erected by U.S. troops between the
on our return to the U.S. that there
ed States has "great sympathy" for
across the street showed four men
for disobeying orders. However, it
try's immediate economic needs at
marchers and the embassy, running
leaving the embassy accompanied
are great opportunities here for for-
Panamanians who lost their homes in
between $700 million and $3 bil-
a half-block until they encountered
was reported that Noriega sus-
eign investment."
the U.S. invasion, and mentioned
by at least eight U.S. soldiers.
concertina wire and a line of U.S.
pected Herrara Hassan of leading a
lion. Other estimates put it at $1.5
He said the new Endara admin-
The groups divided into two and
that he had discussed rebuilding
billion.
soldiers.
plot to overthrow him. Herrara
boarded the aircraft, which then
istration had pledged to rebuild
Chorrillo, a neighborhood largely de-
Ford reportedly told the Eagle-
Also today, the new government
Hassan is the nephew of Torrijos.
Panama by promoting private en-
took off without lights. The helicop-
stroyed in fighting around Noriega's
of President Guillermo Endara ac-
Three U.S. senators and a high-
burger delegation that Panama
terprise and with little government
former headquarters and in fires al-
ters were visible across the brightly
ranking team of U.S. diplomats and
would work to eliminate drug traf-
cepted the resignation of Lt. Col.
interference.
lit urban skyline as they flew in the
legedly set by members of Noriega's
Roberto Armijo, who had been the
economic officials led by Deputy
ficking, for which the United States
While Eagleburger promised that
civilian Dignity Battalions.
direction of Howard Air Base,
controversial head of the new Pan-
Secretary of State Lawrence Eagle-
indicted Noriega.
the United States would be "active-
An official for the Agency for In-
which is located on the outskirts of
amanian Security Force for just
burger met with Panamanian gov-
ly involved" and "cooperating very
ternational Development said that
Correspondent Lee Hockstader
the capital near the Panama Canal.
eight days.
ernment officials today.
closely" with the new government,
AID had already provided $550,000
contributed to this report.
Asked how he felt about seeing
Noriega in U.S. custody, Gen.
Thurman said, "My mood was, a job
well done by the troops who have
come down here."
Photocopy-Preservation
Roadblocks around the Vatican
embassy, where Noriega took ref-
uge Christmas Eve, became giant
party spots, with champagne and
American flags in abundance. White
fireworks burst in the air.
"I am so happy. I feel democracy
inside me," said Max Amar, 20, who
works in a candy shop and lives in
the Paitilla neighborhood close to
the Vatican embassy.
Throughout the city, teenagers
jumped in their cars and, hanging
out of the windows, shouted and
waved white flags, a symbol of pop-
ular opposition to Noriega.
U.S. troops tried to control traf-
fic and, while some celebrated,
most seemed subdued with all the
commotion. "To them it's every-
thing, to us it's just a battle," said
one soldier sitting on the grass
watching the festivities.
When the news broke, much of
Panama City: was finishing dinner
and heading home in time for the 11
p.m. curfew that has been in effect
since last weekend, but the street
party appeared likely to continue
most of the night.
We really kicked his ass,"
shouted one U.S. Marine above the
clamor as the crowd danced around
him on 50th Street, the prime av-
enue for political protest against
Noriega over the past two years.
"Will your troops leave now?"
asked one of the hundreds of pas-
sengers leaning out of the column of
automobiles honking their way
along 50th Street. "I hope not. We
don't trust our own."
"There are a lot of women to-
night with green faces," said Cpl.
Robin Hicks, 28, of Southern Cal-
ifornia, referring to the facial cam-
ouflage makeup he had just donated
to a woman's ecstatic kiss. "I'm
awed. This is something I can tell
my kid, who's going to be born this
year."
All around, people chanted a
Spanish rhyme: "Soldier, friend, the
people are with you."
Flags bearing the message "Just
Cause," the code name of the U.S.
invasion, were flapped by hundreds
Photocopy-Preservation
of Panamanians as they rode,
walked and cycled down main av-
enues of the city.
One resourceful Panamanian
pulled all his windshield wipers
away from the glass to hold white
banners, which waved back and
forth.
Not everyone was on the streets
celebrating, however. Ricardo Her-
rera, 45, a taxi driver, stood scowl-
ing on a side street, watching the
party. "I wanted to see him dead,"
he said, referring to Noriega. "Jus-
tice would have been to murder
him. He was such a coward. He was
very macho to the Panamanian peo-
ple with his Dignity Battalions, but
now. he can't hurt the people any-
more."
One tall American held aloft a
flagpole on which was tied both a
U.S. and Panamanian flag. He was
surrounded by Panamanians chant-
ing, Gracias a Dios" Thank God.
One man called a radio talk show
to call Noriega a bastard. The host
said, "Well, normally we don't let
that sort of thing on the radio, but
tonight we'll let it go."
Asked. what the news meant to
him, one man said, "It means now
you can eat pineapple. I haven't
eaten pineapple for two years."
Pineapple was Noriega's nickname
because of his pockmarked com-
JOHN NORTON MOORE
For more
will intensify. It is to be hoped that
such a debate will be overtaken by
events as Saddam Hussein pulls out
of Kuwait and complies fully with
than one
Security Council resolutions. If not,
however, we must not forget that the
crisis is about far more than the tak-
ing of hostages.
reason
In considering the case for effec-
tive action against Mr. Hussein, it is
an illusion to believe that there must
be a single reason for such action.
he Security Council "pause
T
The sport of citing differing reasons
of goodwill to allow Iraq
given by the Bush administration as
one final opportunity" to
though this proves there is no valid
comply fully with all rel-
basis may be good political theater,
evant resolutions in the Gulf crisis,
butlit is both bad logic and poten-
as embodied in Resolution 678 of
tially harmful to rational appraisal.
Nov. 29, will end in just four weeks
The Gulf crisis is a compelling
on Jan. 15.
case precisely because there are so
It seems likely that with the ap-
many re-enforcing reasons for ac-
proach of this deadline, the release
tion in a unique setting. Moreover,
of hostages, a reciprocal exchange
for those willing to listen, the admin-
of foreign ministers and the conven-
istration has repeatedly given an im-
ing in early January of the 102nd
portant range of reasons for the ac-
Congress, the national debate about
tion, most recently in President
appropriate action in the Gulf crisis
Bush's Nov. 30 address to the nation.
Paradoxically, the most impor-
John Norton Moore is Walter L.
tant reason for effective action is
Brown Professor of Law and director
precisely that mankind must take ef-
of the Center for National Security
fective action to end aggressive war,
Law at the University of Virginia He
and we now have one of the best
formerly was counselor on interna-
chances in human history to work
tional law to the State Department
against aggression. Aggressive war,
and was a United States ambassa-
dor.
see MOORE, page G4
Photocopy-Preservation
PAGE TUESDAY, DECEMBER 18, 1990
MOORE
From page G1
as condemned by the U.N. Charter, is
an outrage, and it is time to end it.
We must not think of war as an inevi-
table part of the human condition
against which mankind is forever
helpless: Like slavery before it, ag-
gressive war can and will be ended.
Collective security as currently
embodied in the U:N. Charter is po-
tentially one of the most important
mechanisms for ending such war. If
collective security can be made to
It also is relevant that Iraq is cur-
work in a new era of East-West coop-
rently. a beacon to terrorists - at-
eration, we will truly have be-
tracting some of the most extreme
queathed something worthwhile to
elements from all over the Middle
the next generation. If it cannot, in a
East. In its global dimension, citi-
case as blatant as the Iraqi blitzkrieg
zens of more than 84 nations were
against Kuwait, then a hope for
the victims of international terrorist
peace supported by generations of
attacks in 1988, resulting in almost
world leaders will be dead.
casualties. As if these world
On Nov. 29, for only the second
order concerns are not enough, Mr.
time in the history of organized ef-
Hussein has blatantly flouted impor-
forts at collective security, and only
tant international firebreaks against
the first time for an action supported
the first use of lethal chemical weap-
by both East and West, the Security
ons. and, production of biological
Council authorized nations to "use
weapons, and it is widely reported
all necessary means," including the
that he is working both on nuclear
use of force, to ensure the defense of
weapons and on means of delivering
Kuwait against an outrageous ag-
weapons of mass destruction.
gression. It will be a tragedy of his-
Quite apart, from the central
toric proportions, as great as the
world order concerns at stake in the
American failure to join the League
Gulf crisis, Mr. Hussein's actions, if
of Nations, if a self-proclaimed
unchecked, will forever end the self-
"anti-war" movement or a well-
determination rights of the people of
meaning faction of Congress under-
Kuwait.
mines this opportunity for strength-
As for the rule of law, Mr. Hus-
ening collective security and
sein's actions openly flout the most
building a new world order across
important fundamentals of the in-
East and West based on the rule of
ternational system: the prohibition
law.:
against aggressive attack - the ob-
Beyond collective security
ligation to adhere to 12 binding Secu-
through the
rity Council resolutions that were
United Nations,
adopted under Chapter VII of the
aggressive war
U.N. Charter in accordance with the
can be reduced by
Security Council's core responsibil-
an climate
ity for the maintenance of interna-
of deterrence
tional peace; the protection of hu-
against extremist
man rights; the prohibitions against
regimes that are
terrorism and hostage taking; sol-
willing to use
emn obligations of the Geneva Con-
force aggres.
ventions concerning protection of ci-
sively against
vilian populations; arms control and
their neighbors.
law. of war treaty obligations; and
Systemic deter-
treaty obligations concerning the
rence depends on
protection of diplomats and the dip-
a totality of effective community law,
lomatic process.
politics, economic, military power
Importantly, if we are to continue
and perceived will that changes the
to have difficulty in our national de-
cost-benefit equation for a potential
bates in understanding the crucial
aggressor.
difference between force used ag-
Establishing an effective interna-
gressively and force used defen-
tional climate of deterrence against
sively, then, because we treat ag-
aggression is not merely a theoreti-
gressive attack and defensive
cal construct. It is one of the prereq-
response the same, we will both have
uisites for peace, not just in our time
killed the most important underpin-
but also in this world. And, paradox-
ning of the rule of law between na-
ically, establishing a. climate in
tions and have reduced the deterrent
which Mr. Hussein knows effective
effect of law nearly to nothing.
action will be taken may be the fast-
The Gulf crisis also presents a
est way to secure his compliance
with Security Council directives and
avoid a wider war. Indeed, this is the
judgment of the U.N. Security Coun-
cil.
The Gulf crisis presents addi-
tional reasons why world order is
centrally at stake. One of the true
evils in the international system is
the seizure of innocent civilians as
hostages. In both numbers seized
and levels of cynical manipulation
before their ultimate release, the
Iraqi seizure and timed release of
thousands of international hostages
in an effort to prevent a community
response to its aggression reached a
new low.
In addition, Mr. Hussein has now
commenced two wars of aggression.
His first war against Iran may have
killed as many as 1 million people. If
he is not stopped, there is a real -
not just imagined - possibility that
Mr. Hussein will carry out further
attacks, as he has repeatedly threat-
ened.
Photocopy-Preservation
very real issue of American resolve
and credibility in international rela-
]
tions generally and toward its com-
mitment to an effective United Na-
tions specifically. While arguments
-
about American credibility have
sometimes been overdone, cred-
ibility is genuinely at stake when the
United States has taken the lead
W
against a brutal international ag-
gression and has led the Security
n
Council to authorize the use of "all
n
necessary means" to secure the
W
withdrawal of Iraq from Kuwait and
C
Whether we like it or not, oil is the
fla
end the crisis. After providing such
e
leadership, if the United States itself
most important commodity in world
h
trade. The issue is not, as sometimes
ap
backs away as a result of a pro-
tracted domestic debate, it will be
ji
popularly presented in the debate,
C
W
far more difficult for this nation or
one of oil company profits or Amer-
f
ican consumption of oil. The issue is
rt
any nation to take the lead against
c
aggression in the future.
nothing less than global economic
p
f
The record shows that this point
health for a period measured in
p
€
of national credibility in our com-
years, not months.
T
t
mitment to the United Nations was
i
To an extent not properly appre-
f
ciated, the global economy - not
1
fully understood by members of
§
just the American economy. - has
(
Congress as they debated the
t
Participation Act in 1945. Thus, Sen.
been put on hold while the world
-
1
(
Robert Taft, a tough advocate of con-
awaits resolution of the Gulf crisis.,
gressional prerogative, said during
A prolonged crisis or one that re-
S
\
the debate on the act: "I want to
sults in even a partial victory for Mr.
c
S
make it clear that I am wholly in
Hussein may have cruel, lasting and
t
favor of giving authority to the Secu-
potentially disastrous impacts on
1
rity Council to use armed force, per-
the whole world economy, which is
]
j
mitting its use without references to
already weakened by two previous
1
1.
Congress." And again:
oil shocks. Through time, of course,
I
t
if a Saddam Hussein drives the price
I
"I have always felt that the crucial
il
point of action on the part of the
I
of oil too high, such a price will bring
(
United States was when our repre-
about its own decline. But the time
(
n
for such a decline is measured in
I
sentative voted on the Security
a
Council at the direction of either the
fi
years, and the damage to the global
i
economy in the meantime will be
f
president or the Congress. Once the
d
vote is cast, it seems to me we are in
substantial and a permanent loss for
tl
duty bound, under the Charter, to go
all mankind.
(
And, we should recall, the first
C
ahead with the armed forces which
to
and second oil price shocks particu-
S
the senator is discussing."
Similarly, in seeking to establish a
larly cruelly affected developing na-
n
legal structure
tions. This time, in an ironic twist of
c
G
that would avoid
fate, the economic cost of a third oil
el
shock also will be borne heavily by
d
undermining Se-
m
curity Council de-
the emerging democracies in East-
C(
cisions made with
ern Europe, and the crisis will cer
U.S. approval, the
tainly exacerbate Soviet economic
el
Senate Foreign
-
problems at a time of hopeful
C
Relations Com-
change.
mittee and the
An outside observer not privy to
House Foreign
full information on the effect of eco-
Affairs Commit-
nomic and other potential sanctions
F
tee both quoted in
against Mr. Hussein cannot well pre-
F1
their reports on
dict which combination of measures
the U.N. Partici-
against Mr. Hussein will be effec-
de
pation Act a passage from a Senate
1
tive. Certainly, if a war can be
m
Foreign Relations Committee report
avoided, we must make every effort
ha
ie
on the charter:
to do so. The clear commitment in
th
op
"Preventive or enforcement ac-
the Gulf crisis, however, must be to
th
tc
tion by these forces upon the order
effective measures. On this issue, the
re
p:
of the Security Council would not be
organized international community
sti
n-
an act of war but would be interna-
has taken a stand, and our nation
is
must not waiver.
tional action for the preservation of
tl
wl
the peace and for the purpose of pre-
Now is not a time for extended
ali
n
venting war. Consequently, the pro-
national debate. It is a time for the
la
for
visions of the Charter do not affect
b
Congress of the United States to join
ca
the exclusive power of Congress to
the organized international commu-
"W
c
declare war."
nity in supporting effective action to
ti
car
ensure that the Security Council res-
the
While the effect of this congres-
olutions on Iraq will be promptly
e
per
sional language concerning the use
honored.
of earmarked forces is not by itself
S)
ars
decisive in the current war powers
d
debate, it is clear that the Congress
p
that initially approved U.S. partici-
to
pation in the United Nations under-
p
stood the importance of the United
C(
States not undercutting Security
is
Council actions by later divisive con-
th
gressional debate.
ap
Finally, while oil is not the central
at
reason for taking action, to ignore
pr
the global economic consequences
for
Photocopy-Preservation
of a protected oil crisis is to ignore
reality. An Iraq with Kuwait would
at
control more than one-fifth of total
ido
world oil reserves, and if Iraq is able
se
to even marginally intimidate Saudi
ge
Arabia and the Emirates, with an-
tal
other one-fifth of world reserves, it
cl:
could dictate financial terms for a
in
not inconsiderable future.
ol
Excerpts From the Remarks of President Bush and ANC Leader Mandela
From News Services
The United States, committed to the concept of free
expectations.
That mood expresses the commit-
I might just state, in passing, that the methods of
Following are excerpts from the remarks of President
market and a productive private sector, is ready to do
ment of all the people of the United States of America
political action which are used by the black people of
Bush and African National Congress leader Nelson
its part to encourage rapid and peaceful change toward
to the struggle for the removal of apartheid.
South Africa were determined by the South African
Mandela before the two met privately yesterday at the
political and economic freedom. We will continue to
One thing that is very clear, and it has been made
government. As long as the government is prepared to
urge American firms that are still doing business in
even more clear in the remarks by the president, is that
talk, to maintain channels of communication between
White House.
South Africa to play a progressive role in training and
on the question of the removal of apartheid and the in-
itself and the governed, there can be no question of vi-
President Bush
empowering blacks, and building a foundation for future
troduction of a non-racial democracy in our country, we
olence whatsoever.
prosperity.
are absolutely unanimous.
And this has been a
But when a government decides to ban political or-
Well, welcome to all of you. And it is a great plea-
Our sanctions have been designed to support change.
source of great encouragement to our people.
ganizations of the oppressed, intensifies oppression, and
does not allow any free political activity, no matter how
sure, a sincere pleasure, for Barbara and me to wel-
And when the conditions laid down in our law have been
To receive the support of any government is, in our
come to the White House Mr. and Mrs. Mandela-Mr.
met, then and only then will we consider, in consulta-
situation, something of enormous importance. But to
peaceful and nonviolent, then the people have no alter-
tion with the Congress, whether a change in course will
receive the support of the government of the United
native but to resort to violence.
Mandela, a man who embodies the hopes of
millions
promote further progress through peaceful
States of America, the leader of the West, is something
There is not a single political organization in our
negotiations.
beyond words.
country inside and outside parliament which can ever
We meet at a time of transition for South Africa. We
Mr. Mandela; you said many years ago, before the
If today we are confident that the dream which has
compare with the African National Congress in its total
applaud the recent steps President de Klerk and the
first of your 10,000 days in prison, that there is no easy
inspired us all these years is about to be realized, it is in
commitment to peace. If we are forced to resort to vi-
government of South Africa have taken to expand the
walk to freedom. Your years of suffering, your nation's
very large measure because of the support we have got
olence, it is because we had no other alternative what-
rights and freedoms of all South Africans. These are
suffering, have borne that out.
from the masses of the people of the United States of
soever.
positive developments, steps toward a fully free and
But just as this past year so many millions of people
America, and, in particular, from the government and
But even in this regard, there have been significant
democratic future that we all wish to see for all of the
in Eastern Europe and elsewhere tasted freedom, SO
from the president.
developments, which I hope to brief the president
people of South Africa.
too South Africa's time will come. As Martin Luther
There are very important political developments that
on.
In order for progress to continue, we must see on all
King said on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial: "We
have taken place in our country today and it is my in-
I am going to urge on the president not to do any-
sides a clear commitment to change. All parties must
cannot walk alone." Sir, we here in America walk in
tention to brief the president as fully as possible on
thing without full consultation with the ANC in regard
seize the opportunity to move ahead in a spirit of com-
solidarity with all the South Africans who seek, through
these developments. We are doing so because it is nec-
to any initiative which he might propose to take in order
promise and tolerance, flexibility and patience. And
nonviolent means, democracy, human rights, and free-
essary for him to understand not only in broad outline
to help the peace process in the country
dom.
what is happening in our country; he must be furnished
Finally, Mr. President, I would like to congratulate
from all parties we look for a clear and unequivocal
with the details which may not be so available to the
you and President Gorbachev for the magnificent ef
commitment to negotiations leading to peaceful change.
Once again it is a sincere privilege to welcome you to
the White House, and may God bless you and all the
public, so that the enormous assistance that he has giv-
forts that you are making in order to reduce interna-
I call on all elements in South African society to re-
en us should be related to the actual developments in
tional tensions, and to promote peace.
nounce the use of violence and armed struggle. Break
people of South Africa. Welcome, sir.
the country.
It is my hope that governments throughout the world
free from this cycle of repression and violent reaction
Nelson Mandela
I will also ask the president to maintain sanctions,
will follow your example and attempt to settle problems
that breeds nothing but more fear and suffering
because it is because of sanctions that such enormous
between governments and between governments and
Mr. Mandela, in the eyes of millions around the
Mr. President, it is an honor and a pleasure for my
progress has been made in the attempt to address the
dissidents inside each country by peaceful methods,
world, you stand against apartheid, against a system
wife, my delegation, and I to be welcomed by you. This
problems of our country. I will also inform him about
You and Comrade Gorbachev have opened a chapter in
that bases the rights and freedoms of citizenship on the
is a continuation of the rousing welcome which we have
developments as far as the armed struggle is con-
world history which might well be regarded as a turning
color of one's skin. That system is repugnant to the
received from the people of New York and Boston,
cerned. The remarks that he has made here are due to
point in many respects.
conscience of men and women everywhere-repugnant
black and white
the fact that he has not yet got a proper briefing from
And here we congratulate you and wish you every
,
to the ideals that we in America hold so dear
That welcome has far exceeded our wildest
us.
success.
Photocopy-Preservation
Photocopy-Preservation
Mandela, Rejecting Appeal by Bush,
Refuses to Renounce Armed Struggle
hinted that de Klerk should be re-
Some iten
from the masses of people of the
MANDELA, From A1
United States of America, and in
warded with their removal once
Mandela by First Lady Barbara
particular from the government and
negotiations begin.
Bush to move the entourage off the
from the president," Mandela said.
On U.S. aid to the ANC, Mandela
lawn and into the Oval Office for the
That support, he said, should be
pressed both Bush and Baker. Con-
predicated on an understanding by
meetings.
gress: last month approved up to
Kool-Aid
Bush of the "armed struggle.' Both
In welcoming Mandela to the
$10 million in aid to groups promot-
at the White House and in his news
Sweetened, Makes 2
White House, Bush invoked the
conference later, Mandela repeated
ing democratic institutions in South
memory of King to call for an end to
that the South African government,
Africa.
Sharkleberry Fin or
the armed/struggle in South Africa,
by banning political organizations,
The National Endowment for De-
quoting the slain civil rights leader
imprisoning black political leaders,
mocracy (NED), a nonpartisan
as saying, Let us not seek to sat-
and outlawing free political activity
group that helped facilitate elec-
Kool-Aid
isfy our thirst for freedom by drink-
in effect determined the ANC's ap-
tions recently in Nicaragua and
Sugar Sweetened, Ma
ing from the cup of bitterness and
proach to the use of violence.
elsewhere, is considered the prime
hatred."
However; White House officials
candidate for getting the funds and
Mountain Berry Pun
With Mandela looking on impas-
and Mandela described as near the
channeling them to other groups in
BY JAMES A. PARCELL-THE WASHINGTON POST
sively, Bush praised de Klerk for
removal of the last obstacles to
talks. Mandela said he is scheduled
the form of small grants. NED could
President Bush greets ANC leader Nelson Mandela at the White House.
steps he has taken and condemned
to meet with government officials
give grants to organizations helping
Kool-Aid
apartheid as "repugnant to the ide-
on his return to South Africa and
in the formation of democracy in
Mandela's public support for
issues played virtually no role in the
als that we in America hold dear."
expects issues such as release of
South Africa, but the legislation
leaders, some of them Marxist,
official discussions.
Lemonade, Sugar Sw
He said when conditions in U.S. law
political prisoners will be resolved.
requires that such groups agree to
drew some criticism in Congress
In Congress, Rep. Howard Wolpe
have been met by the de Klerk gov-
Herman Cohen, an assistant sec-
a suspension of violence while ne-
and at the White House yesterday.
(D-Mich.), a strong supporter of the
ernment, the administration "will
retary of state, said the Mandela
gotiations are occurring.
In a session with reporters on Sun-
ANC, said of Mandela's statements,
consider, in consultation with Con-
statements pledging a cessation of
Cohen said Mandela's agreement
hostilities were welcome, but not
day, Mandela criticized U.S. sup-
"I wish he had not said those things
gress, whether a change in course
to a "cessation of hostilities" once
port for the non-communist rebels
they were not helpful."
Kool-Aid
will promote further progress."
good enough. "We're not supremely
obstacles to talks are cleared up.
happy," Cohen said, "just partially
trying to oust the Marxist govern-
Rep. Lawrence J. Smith (D-Fla.),
ins Grape, JO Cherry
In his response, Mandela blended
may well meet the intent of the law.
ment in Angola. Cohen said the is-
another supporter of sanctions,
praise for Bush with suggestions
happy."
On sanctions, Cohen said Man-
"I'm predicting that they will issue
sue came up at the White House
complained of Mandela: "He comes
that the president was not fully in-
dela asked that sanctions remain in
that statement," he said, and be-
and that the president and Mandela
here and espouses support, not just
formed on the history and reality of
place even after negotiations begin.
come eligible for some of the NED
"agreed to disagree."
casual, offhand support, but signif-
the ANC struggle to end the rule by
Bush, Cohen said, retains his posi-
funds. Other State Department of-
Mandela"s expressions of support
icant support, for people whose
Unsweete
South Africa's five million whites
tion that once the Pretoria govern-
ficials were not sure Congress
for Cuba's Fidel Castro, Libya's
methods and backgrounds are ter-
over its 28 million blacks.
ment has met the conditions in the
would go along with funds going
Moammar Gadhafi and the Pales-
rorists, outlaws, or communist dic-
Sharkleberry Fin or Pur
"If today we are confident that
sanctions law, discussions on lifting
indirectly to what one called "a
tine Liberation Organization were
tators."
the dreams which have inspired us
or easing those sanctions will begin
movement
not a political party,
also subjects on which Bush and
all these years are about to be re-
with Congress. The sanctions were
Mandela agree to disagree, officials
Staff writers Gwen Ifill and Nora
enacted over the veto of then-Pres-
and a movement that still embraces
alized, it is, in very large measure,
said. But officials stressed those
Boustany contributed to this report.
Unsweeter
because of the support we have got
ident Ronald Reagan, and Bush has
Marxism."
Tropical Punch or Cherry, Ma
Photocopy-Preservation
PAGE F4 / THURSDAY, JUNE 7, 1990
The Washington Times
BOOK REVIEW / William F. Gavin
ichael Barone's "Our
M
Country: The Shaping
of America from Roo-
A land where the
sevelt to Reagan," is
ambitious in scope, detailed in anal-
ysis, forthright in judgment and as
entertaining and provocative as it is
informative. He believes our coun-
individual counts
try has been and remains basically
decent and resilient, with a great ca-
and figures about congressmen,
pacity for renewal. after disasters
tions "was not SO much between men
senators and the 50 states. He mixes
and women as it was between mar-
such as war and economic depres-
and matches information about per-
sion. He bases this analysis on "three
ried women, who voted much like
sonalities, regions, political trends,
men, and unmarried women."
guiding theses":
demographics and social move-
The first of these is "[that] in the
Mr. Barone approaches his mate-
ments to create unique insights and
United States, politics more often di-
rial from what I would call an idio-
dives below the surface of polling
vides Americans along cultural than
syncratic liberal point of view. His
and census data to come up with
along economic lines"; secondly,
political hero is Franklin Roosevelt
and his journalistic beau ideal is The
"that in time of war, America, like
other countries, tends to choose big-
Washington Post's columnist David
THESHAPING
OUR COUNTRY
Broder. He believes government can
ger government and cultural uni-
THE SHAPING OF AMERICA
and ought to do good for people, al-
OF
formity, while in time of peace, we
tend to want smaller government
FROM ROOSEVELT TO REAGAN
though this 1930s faith is tempered
and cultural diversity"; and third,
By Michael Barone
by a 1980s realism
SEVELT
Do Americans want big govern-
'that people - individual people
the Free Press $29.95, 805 pages
But he has written history, not lib
ment during wartime and small gov-
matter."
eral hagiography, and he brings his
ernment in peace? Here. the evi-
than, passing attention in a book
Mr. Barone is no maker of systems
critical powers to bear on some left-
dence is not as clear. I don't know the
about cultural divisions, especially
or of occult cyclical explanations of
some glistening pearl of interpreta-
liberal myths. According to Mr.
alternative to some form of big gov-
when his own definition of culture
tion.
historical trends. Anyone who writes
Barone, "As the Cold War began, it
ernment during wartime, so it may
refers to "religious and personal val-
Mr. Barone is a political writer for
was obvious to many, not just to
ues and mores."
of "the public's refusal to follow syl-
be that instead of getting what we
logisms through to their logical con-
the microchip age, with an ability to
right-wing nuts, that a domestic
like, we like what we get.
What seems to be lacking is the
pack more and more information
clusions" and who believes that "no
communist threat did exist." In 1945,
Do Americans divide more along
kind of unifying vision found in Paul
election settles everything in Amer-
into smaller and smaller spaces. We
there were communists in important
cultural than economic lines? I am
Johnson's Modern Times,' which in
ican politics even in the short term"
learn that in 1930 payments to veter-
posts in the CIO (Congress of Indus-
not at all convinced that the evi-
certain respects "Our Country" re-
understands that politics is neither
ans made up one-quarter of the fed-
trial Organizations) and "in govern-
dence in the book proves Mr.
sembles. Whether or not you agreed
eral budget; that if Franklin Delano
an art nor a science but a mystery.
ment." Joe McGiniss' "The Selling of
with Mr. Johnson, his firm convic-
Barone's thesis (one I happen to be-
Roosevelt's percentage of the vote in
The author brings to this formida-
the President" receives a long over-
lieve is correct, nonetheless). He
tions about the 20th century inspired
1940 had been reduced by exactly
ble task the same methodology he
due critical look, and the "counter-
presents abundant documentation
every page of the book and gave it
3.7 percent in every state, Wendell
direction
has used so successfully for many
culture" of the 1960s is described as
about cultural differences but
Willkie would have had 306 electoral
"economically parasitic and cultur
amidst all of the data it was hard for
Michael Barone at times appears
years as co-author of "The Almanac
votes to Roosevelt's 225; that in 1946,
ally subversive."
me to discover a clear pattern of cul-
to be putting on a virtuoso display of
of American Politics," that invalu-
"the most strike-ridden year in
able compendium of analysis, facts
Do individuals matter, as Mr.
tural, as opposed to economic, divi-
astounding skill, doing with data
American history," Republicans won
Barone claims? On the anecdotal
sions.
what Glenn Gould did with a piano,
52 percent of the total vote for House
and biographical evidence he offers
but with little apparent relevance to
Moreover, Mr. Barone devotes rel-
William F. Gavin is special assis-
seats, the only time between 1928
on hundreds of fascinating charac-
atively little space to the rise of the
his major themes. But, all in all, he
tant to House Republican Leader
and 1988 they exceeded 50 percent;
ters, from Henry Wallace to George
religious right during the 1980s,
has written a book that deserves and
Robert H. Michel.
and that the difference in many elec-
Wallace, I'd say he's proved his case.
surely a topic that deserves more
I hope will receive great critical and
popular success.
ARTS/TE
The Washington Dost
enry Mitchell on
stice, once and for all
2
Style Plus: Why Th
dith Krantz's latest epic
Style
5
on station call letter
ok World: 'Dazzle,'
3
Movies: 'My 20th C
a
Cannes winner at
UNITED STATES
WANT
ENTRA
39
FOR U.S.AR
STA
PEACE
19.
Dreaming of the Good Fight of Yesteryear
Reactions to Gulf Conflict
to Kuwait. It was a real war, all right, not some rice-
turned the United States and the Soviet Union into
paddy reform movement or "police action, And it fit
and Vietnam. They were hard to und
Through the Lens of WWII
allies for the first time since 1945 and provoked
the American mold for a good war, a war which
were not good wars. Now things wer-
George Bush into comparing him to Hitler:
there was no doubt who started it, or what we were
able
again.
Bush said: "This will not stand. He sent in Ameri-
fighting for; or who were the good guys and who
can troops...
For a moment, Washington made you
By Henry Allen
were the bad guys it was a war that could have
His approval rating climbed to 82 percent in USA
Wayne standing on the bridge of a Wo
Washington Post Staff Writer
been written by Hollywood, as Van Johnson, who
Today poll. Granted, we always rally around the flag,
stroyer, barking to his engine room, "(
efore the Persian Gulf blew up in August;
starred in a lot of World War II movies, says about
:but there was something more going on with the Per-
thing ya got," and the engine room COI
B
war in the age of the good war was starting
that one in.a documentary called "Going Holly-
sian
Gulf.
in
wood-The War Years."
the
House Majority Leader Richard Geph
to look like sex in the age of safe sex-you
"It feels like the start of the Second World War,
this crisis, we are not Republicans or D
wondered if it was possible for Americans to
An Arab dictator crushed a small nation, threat
said an excited senior State Department official in
are only proudly Americans. The presid
ive it at all.
ened to choke off our: oil supply, took American hos-
September.
for our support. He has it." (No one tl
Then on Aug. 2, Saddam Hussein sent his tanks in-
tages, sent his troops looting and raping through Ku-
That was "The Good War," as Studs. Terkel titled
wait City,/got condemned by the United Nations,
but when you counted up the years, it H
his oral history, but after the good war came Korea
See WAR, D2 Col.
TV Preview
bags that fall over in the car on the
ake
Media Notes
joining with a p.
way home: as irritating as commer-
a new downtow.
cials for Sports Illustrated magazine
his
Sons and
that air 564 times a day; as irritating
an existing on
as aspirin bottles that refuse to open
when you have a screaming, shriek
Going Against
skepticism in tl
reporters ques
paper's dual roi
b-
Daughters
ing headache.
Come to think of it, this show IS
Convention
coverage of the
"Conflicts 0:
screaming, shrieking headache. It's:
drunk driving-
Crude Brood
one of those adult-sized bangeroos
In Providence
impaired your ju
Robert Urich is always complaining
umnist Brian Ji
lease
about.
very little criti
The much-delayed premiere, at
convention cent
By Tom Shales
10 tonight on Channel 9, introduces
Washington Post Staff Writer
the far-too-innumerable members of
By Howard Kurtz
anything that (
Washington Post Staff Writer
tailed way whet
perately Seeking
A title like "Sons and Daughters"
an overextended family, the yam-
project."
has a generic ring, doesn't it? But for
mering Hammersmiths of Portland,
The Providence Journal Co., tak-
OP Chairman
Ore. Irrepressible Tess (Lucie Ar,
ing a giant step beyond mere home-
Reporter Joh
the new CBS drama series, even
has been coveri
naz, in under her head) lives with
"generic" is too flattering a term. So
town boosterism, is using its corpo-
one has tried to
her adopted Asian daughter Astrid
is "competent" or "coherent."
rate treasury to shore up the city's
ries. But, he said
By Joel Achenbach
(Michelle Wong), while irrepressible
Michelle Wong and Lucio Arnaz in
This isn't just bad, it's irritating,
ailing convention center project.
tain amount of
Vashington Post Sulf Writer
brother-in-law Spud (Rick Rosso-
"Sons and Daughters."
as irritating as those plastic grocery
The company's front-page an-
you're an emplo
ick the job with the
See TV PREVIEW, D6, Col.3
nouncement came late last month that it is
See MEDIA
111
name
lowest status:
Tollingth
Photocopy-Preservation
Good War, Bad War
WAR, From D1
fore Pearl Harbor roused Americans to fight.
If Saddam attacked us-even a provocation
War veteran had been president on the brink
as small as the blurry fracas that provoked
of World War I, or a decorated Spanish-
Congress into passing the Tonkin Gulf reso-
American War officer had led us in World
lution in 1964-national unity might be ours.
War II.)
Remember Pearl Harbor, the Lusitania, the
The U.N. passed resolutions, different
Maine, the Alamo. We seem to need cata-
lands banding together like the old World
lysts. So now Hank Williams Jr. sings a
War II movie where the first sergeant asks
threatening song addressed to Saddam:
for volunteers and he gets O'Hara, Koslow-
"Don't Give Us a Reason." So far, he hasn't.
ski, Jackson, Shapiro, Andreotti, Garcia.
A good war doesn't seem to have much to
(Was that movie ever made, or was it just a
do with the goodness of our allies, Not only
routine for stand-up comics on "The Ed Sulli-
was Stalin a butcher out to conquer the
van Show?) In a nation dispirited by a budg-
world, but he'd been allied with Hitler. The
et crisis, collapsing banks and an oncoming
Italians fought on both sides in the good war.
recession, the Persian Gulf looked like it had
So what's a'little medieval autocracy in Saudi
every chance of being the kind of war people
Arabia? Who cares if our chaplains aren't al-
mean when they say, "What we need is a
lowed to wear their crosses on their lapels?
good war."
The good war is not ambiguous or ironic.
Then something happened. Or didn't hap-
There is no colonel saying, "I love the smell
pen. As if World War II were turning into
of napaim in the morning," as Robert Duvall
Vietnam, a good war into a bad war, from
says in "Apocalypse Now." There is no real-
"Sands of Iwo Jima". to "Apocalypse Now,"
life colonel saying, as one actually said at Ben
from "Hollywood Canteen" to "China
Tre, Vietnam, "We had to destroy the village
all of this before the war, has
in order to save it" And there are-ho truck-
even begun.
loads of troopers driving past the press
On an episode of "Designing Women" in
shouting, "We're not supposed to be here!
late November, Charlene talked about her
This isn't our warl Why are we here?"-this
husband who had been called away by the
happened during Bush's Thanksgiving visit
military: "I have these fantasies about World
to Saudi Arabia.
War II and everybody's part of the effort,
"If any evidence were needed that force is
women bought war bonds and planted victo-
not obsolete in the 1990s, Saddam Hussein
ry gardens and went without stockings and
has provided it," says Bruce W. Jentleson in
just drew the lines up the back of their legs'
the just-published winter Brookings Review.
with eyebrow pencil. Now, I don't do any of
But with no Pearl Harbor or Alamo to re-
that. I just ramble around my big new house
member, the American public has seemed
and wait for the mailman. I'm mad at the
more comfortable with the idea of defending
government, and that's not very patriotic."
Saudi Arabia than attacking Iraq when the
With hundreds of thousands of armed men
tanks first went into Kuwait.
staring at each other, there hasn't even been
The public had "doubts about offensive
a scary overflight or a ship-bumping. Bush
military action all along," Jentleson says.
says "It's not going to be another Vietnam,"
"What they had been strongly supportive of
but anti-war protesters light their vigil can-
was defending Saudi Arabia." A USA Today
dles, as much in memory of the bad war of
poll on Aug. 9, for instance, showed that 81
Vietnam as in fear of whatever kind of war
percent of the public approved of sending
the Persian Gulf might be. They sue the ex-
troops to Saudi Arabia, while 49 percent ap-
ecutive branch. They sign newspaper ads.
proved of invading Iraq and only 35 percent
Recruiters fail to make their quotas. Con-
were in favor of bombing Iraq. Other polls in
gress warns of higher taxes, a draft, a divid-
August showed similar feelings.
ed country. Public approval of Bush's han-
Jentleson has studied public reaction to a
dling of the crisis slipped from 75 percent in
decade of American use or support of force
late August to 65 percent a month later, to
in Libya, Lebanon, Afghanistan, Nicaragua,
55 percent in November-it took a year of
Panama and El Salvador, concluding that
massive troop buildup and combat deaths in
new concepts of a good war mean that "the
Vietnam for Johnson's rating to get that low
American public, I contend, is much more
in 1966. After Bush proposed talks with
likely to support the use of force when it per-
Iraq, his showing improved slightly. The
ceives the objective as the restraint rather
country is divided as to what to do next, the
than the remaking of another government."
polls say. "It's going to make a lousy movie,"
Consequently, Jentleson says, "when Pres-
says Art Buchwald.
ident Bush announced on November 8 a dou-
In the cool, pragmatic world of the last 50
bling of U.S. forces to nearly 400,000 troops
years, policy makers and strategists haven't
and a shift in strategy to insuring 'an ade-
thought much about cultural archetypes and
quate offensive military option,' the consen-
national myths.
sus began to crack. Congressional leaders
"The president and the people around him
became much more critical, public opinion
have not been doing a good job, seeing that
polls fell sharply and the first teach-ins
Central Casting sent us the perfect Arab vil-
sprang up on college campuses."
lain," says Eliot Cohen, who is both a captain
In a good war, we are "innocent, unsus-
in the Army Reserve and a professor at the
pecting, the underdog, the victim," says Van
Johns Hopkins School of Advanced Interna-
Johnson. But this means that we're unready
tional Studies. Meanwhile, Cohen told the
for it, as we were in World War II. In "A
House Armed Services Committee, the men-
Country Made by War," Geoffrey Perret
tal picture that the Iraqis have of the Ameri-
writes: "The idea of perennial unreadiness
can fighting man is not John Wayne but "the
fits the American self-image of a peace-
helicopters on the roof of the embassy in Sai-
loving people dragged reluctantly into war.
gon, and [the bombing of] the Marine bar-
Civilians and military men alike find that idea
racks in Beirut-Saddam has said as much."
appealing. For another thing, it is the stuff of
Robert W. Tucker, another SAIS profes-
epic drama-the ultimate triumph, after
sor (emeritus), argues that the president has
near defeat, of good over evil, us over them."
done a fine job of making his case, but that
The good war is fought with American
the public "simply has not responded to it."
know-how, ingenuity and industrial might:
Michael Viahos, director of the State De-
modern cannon from Yankee factories, the
partment's Center for the Study of Foreign
Great White Fleet of the late 19th century,
the B-17, McNamara's electronic wall in
Affairs, says: "We let the moment pass. We
Vietnam, the F-111s that attacked Gadhafi
started to get self-conscious about it, and the
in Libya. They will win the war cheaply, effi-
more self-conscious we got, the less self-
ciently and scientifically.
ghteous we could be. In America, you don't
In "Wartime," culture critic Paul Fussell
to war for state policy, you have to act on
*usade,
says that the start of World War II was much
The good war is so embedded
ur mythology, and that's what the gov-
like the Persian Gulf buildup: "At first every-
one hoped, and many believed, that the war
nent doesn't understand-and if we
understand our own culture, we can't
would be fast-moving, mechanized, remote-
controlled, and perhaps even rather easy."
top of foreign policy."
As John Updike has written: "America is
e good war, "there is no substitute for
beyond power, it acts as in a dream, as a face
as MacArthur said.
of God. Wherever America is, there is free-
bod war, the other guy starts it. He
dom, and wherever America is not, madness
3 bad guy, he has to attack us. The
rules with chains, darkness strangles mil-
the Japanese had been crushing
lions. Beneath her patient bombers, paradise
on three continents for years be-
is possible."
Photocopy-Preservation
doesn't understand our feelings. Perhaps
Saddam Hussein has a different definition of
the good war. Does he wonder what kind of
war we can fight when we talk about it as if
it's a combination of corporate management
and psychotherapy?
The intellectual celebrities of Americ
supported World War II-Archibald Mac
Leish, John Steinbeck and Carl Sandbur,
helped lead the American propaganda effort
for instance, Instead of being vulgar red-
necks, our soldiers were the salt of the
earth, Bill Mauldin's Willie and Joe, "I'm no
hero, I'm just a guy, just want to get this
thing over and go home," said William Ben-
dix in one movie. But this came at the end of
more than a decade of intellectuals' celebra-
tion of the common man.
After World War II, American art turned
to the international language of abstraction
Dwight MacDonald warned of the tackiness
of mid-cult America. Joseph Heller published
"Catch-22" just as our advisers were moving
STARS
ENTRA
3
into Vietnam, Kurt Vonnegut was becoming
a literary hero to the young and the myth of
the good war started to look a little moth-
eaten.
A.war in the Persian Gulf would come at
the end of a decade of flag waving, "Rocky"
movies, Arnold Schwarzenegger movies and
Reaganite patriotism, even if it takes the pe-
culiar post-apocalyptic form of a singer like
Lee Greenwood getting onto a stage with a
week's worth of stubble on his face, looking
like a wino while he sings that he's proud to
be an American, and "at least I know I'm
free."
Good war, bad war. It's hard to tell which
is which,
When Air Force Gen. Michael Dugan said
we could bomb Baghdad in the total good-
war style, he got fired. In a Senate hearing
when Richard Perle, a former assistant sec-
retary of defense under Reagan, laid out
We have a particular romance with air
to cure them of a sort of mental illness. In
plans for the sort of limited wars intellectuals
power, and last August, when cynics sug-
fact, this is one of the big lies about Viet-
have been planning since World War II, Ted-
gested it hadn't turned Vietnam into a good
nam-the other being that blacks died in
dy Kennedy erupted at him: "Look out, boys,
war, the answer was: "Ain't no trees to hide
numbers vastly out of proportion to their
you can destroy some of the soldiers and fa-
under in the desert."
numbers in the U.S. population, a bit of prop-
cilities but not be sure and miss one out
Since World War II, the definition of the
aganda that has been revived in the debate
of three."
good war has become one thing for intellec-
over the Persian Gulf. As for support, a look
A war in the Persian Gulf "may be the first
tual policy makers and another for the rest of
at six, years of polling from 1965 to 1971
war that was ever nitpicked to death before
us.
shows that the college-educated supported
it could start," writes columnist Michael Kin-
Among the intellectuals of the 1950s and
the war far more than the high school- and
sley. On the other hand, it may not be. In
1960s, a good war was a. tool rather than a
grade school-educated.
1948, author and presidential adviser Robert
crusade, therapy rather than brute violence.
"When I sent a book to the printer with a
E. Sherwood recalled that World War II was
It was a precise means of attaining ends with
graph showing that, they called up and said
"the first war in American history in which
carefully graduated responses, surgical air
that I must have gotten the labels reversed,"
the general disillusionment preceded the fir-
strikes, systems analysis and highly trained
says Wilson. "People can't believe it."
ing of the first shot."
elite forces such as the Green Berets. Good
Now, in the Age of Feelings, the publicly
The disillusionment in question had come
war would be free of the sort of racism we
accepted way of talking about war deals with
after the previous good war, World War I. In
showed toward the Japanese.
emotions rather than blood: Among Vietnam
1937, disgust with World War was so great
We now have a prudery of violence, and
veterans, it's their post-traumatic stress syn-
that only 28 percent of Americans said we
among the people that UCLA's James Q.
dromes rather than their missing legs that
should have fought in it, but that number
Wilson calls "the chattering classes," war has
excite our pity and fascination. In "Dispatch-
doubled as Pearl Harbor made the first war
come to be seen not so much as wicked but
es," Michael Herr wrote his famous passage
look good again. Then again, months after
as vulgar, like professional wrestling or deer
about coming under fire in Vietnam:
Pearl Harbor, a Gallup poll showed that only
hunting-another reason for the popularity
your senses working like strobes, free-falling
about half of Americans knew why we were
of air power, death from a lofty. distance. In
all the way down to the essences and then
at war.
the middle '80s, Fred Downs, a decorated
flying out again in a rush to focus, like the
"Americans tend to support any war the
Vietnam infantry officer, lectured an infantry
first strong twinge of tripping after an infu-
president begins," says UCLA's Wilson. "The
class about killing and was told afterward by
sion of psilocybin, reaching in at the point of
percentage of the public saying they approve
a high-ranking Army officer that the word
calm and springing all the joy and all the
of how the president is doing his job goes up
"killing" had been replaced by "servicing the
dread ever known
the feeling you'd had
when troops go in. The month before Korea.
target." Nowadays, no liberal senator could
when you were much, much younger and un-
began, Truman's rating was 37; the month
say that he had joined up "to get myself a
dressing a girl for the first time." How differ-
after it was 46. Ford went from 40 to 51
Jap," as Illinois' Paul Douglas said.
ent from a Marine in the Pacific half a centu-
with the Mayaguez incident, Reagan went
Oscar Wilde predicted: "As long as war is
ry ago, saying: "I just want to spit in a dead
from 43 to 53 with Grenada. This even hap-
regarded as wicked, it will always have its
Jap's face." Nowadays, a newspaper ad
pens when the operations are failures-Ken-
fascination, When it is looked upon as vulgar,
reads: "It's not the desert heat. It's not Sad-
nedy went from 73 to 83 with the Bay of
it will cease to be popular."
dam Hussein. It's wondering if you care."
Pigs, and Carter went from 39 to 43 after
On the other hand, when it is looked upon
It is also taboo to want to kill the enemy
the failure of the hostage rescue mission."
as vulgar, the vulgar thumb their noses the
leaders. This is new. In World War II, the fi-
Only a few years ago war, particularly the
way they thumb their noses at other upper-
nal training film in Frank Capra's series
good war, was looking impossible.
class pruderies, Hence the popularity of the
"Why We Fight" showed pictures of the Nazi
"War today is a luxury that only the weak
sort of T-shirts you see In Army Navy
hierarchy while a voice said: "If you ever see
and the poor can afford," said Zbigniew Brze-
stores, with slogans like "Kill 'Em All, Let
one of these men, KILL HIMI"
zinski, who was national security adviser to
God Sort Em Out." The educated cult of cul-
War heroes have gone the way of John
Jimmy Carter.
tural relativism gets summed up in: "Join the
Henry, defeated by the steam-hammer of the
"War has fallen upon hard times," wrote
Army, Travel to Distant Lands, Meet Inter-
machine gun, the tank, the B-52, missiles,
Army intelligence analyst Robert L. O'Con-
esting People and Kill Them." Another shirt
nuclear weapons, all of which have made sur-
nell in "Of Arms and Men." He went on:
shows a phone company slogan born of the
vival in combat far more a matter of chance
"Two centuries of increasingly pointless, fi-
Age of Feelings: "Reach Out and Touch
than of skill. Only the Oliver Norths of this
nancially disastrous and above all, lethal con-
Someone." The words are under a telescopic
world go to war for glory. The Army recruits
flicts, culminating in the discovery and prolif-
rifle sight. The lower classes maybe be low-
its soldiers with a pitch that makes it sound
eration of nuclear weapons, have rendered
er in class, but not in brains.
like a combination of an encounter group and
this venerable-institution virtually incapable
For their part, the upper classes have re-
a junior college: "Be all that you can be." We
of performing any of the roles classically as-
sponded by remembering the Vietnam War,
continue to talk about Saddam Hussein in the
signed to it.
a bad one, as a period when they had to wean
language of psychobabble-he isn't getting
With any kind of luck at all in the Persian
bloodthirsty rednecks away from slaughter,
our signals, we re failing to-communicate, he
Gulf, we will not find out if he's right,
Photocopy-Preservation
PATRICK BUCHANAN
f communism was the god that
The next
Western institutions put down their
e
I
failed the Lost Generation, de-
roots in a particular subsoil - reli-
mocracy, as ideal form of gov-
gious, political, cultural, historic
ernment, panacea for man-
that is not easily replicated in the
1
kind's ills, hope of the world, may
и
Golden
Third World.
prove the Golden Calf of this genera-
What is democracy? George Or-
0
tion.
well could not define it: "[N]ot only
Disillusionment with the newest
is there no agreed definition, but the
el
idol is already setting in.
Calf?
attempt to make one is resisted from
as
all sides. Words of this kind are
'u
In the Soviet Union, the ills atten-
S:
dant to all modern democracies -
often used in a dishonest way."
S
crime, rampant vice, social decom-
The world hails democracy in
d
position - have arrived, without, as
principle; in practice, most men be-
ni
yet, its material blessings. In the So-
lieve there are things higher in the
viet republics, democracy is seen as
order of value than how their rulers
Bu
a halfway house to the greater goal:
are chosen. Among them, tribe and
liberation and nationhood. Mr. Gor-
nation, family and faith.
no
bachev, sensing the souring mood, is
Our European ancestors who
shifting his base away from the
founded America believed that not
em
LITE
glasnost reformers to the old order.
only was their civilization superior
to what they found here but that the
In East Europe, communism's
leg
opinions of native Americans were
passing has exposed the old ethnic
mil
not even worth listening to. Were
quarrels. Bulgarians, rid of Stalin-
) 10
they wrong?
ism, want to settle scores with do-
"Journalists have heralded news
V.
mestic Turks. Romanians, with the
of global democracy as if it were the
Ceausescus dead, wish to put down
triumphal entry of Christ," writes
the Hungarians of Transylvania. Far
F.W. Schnitzler in The Deification
more important to these people than
of Democracy" in January's Chal-
how decisions are made is what de-
cedon Report "For the development
cisions are made.
IDS
of genuine freedoms, we ought to be
In I atin America, the common
thankful, but when the praises of
characteristic of democracies is that
any political system are sung with
they cannot resist the clamor of the
the zeal and admiration due to God
crowd, and they will not pay their
Jordan, elections are advancing reli
alone, Christians ought to be con-
bills. The great exception: Gen.
gious fundamentalists whose dream
cerned The deification of democ
Augusto Pinochet's Chile.
is to impose Islamic law on the
racy is a development worthy of our
In Algeria, Tunisia, Yemen and
masses who vote them power. "De-
concern.
mocracy" is seen as the means to a
The American press is infatuated
higher end, the good society, the
to the point of intoxication with "de-
Patrick Buchanan is a nationally
godly society, in Moslem eyes:
syndicated columnist.
The realization is dawning that
see BUCHANAN, page G4
Photocopy-Preservation
BUCHANAN
services. Excluding police, fire and
ors everywhere lack the backbone to
elected officials, there are now only
resist union demands and an under-
From page G1
18 city employees."
class that insists the power to tax be
mocracy." But do we really believe
But if quasi-dictatorial rule is
used to dispossess the propertied
our own propaganda?
good for Ecorse, why not for New
class? As our ancestors once fled
In a recent editorial, the Wall
York? If granting men "wide-
English kings, German princes and
Street Journal deplored the ruin into
ranging powers unhindered by
Russian czars, millions today flee
which its elected mayor had driven
the politicians" is the way out of fis-
the cities of the republic for the
Philadelphia; and contrasted the
cal crisis, why not try it at the fed-
sanctuary of the suburbs.
Philadelphia story with that of a
eral level? Have elected "politicians"
Of IBM, the Marine Corps, the
small-town economic czar:
become an impediment to good gov-
Redskins and the D.C. government,
"In 1986, Ecorse, Mich., a work-
ernment? What does that tell us
only leaders of the last are chosen by
ing-class community of 11,000 near
about our democracy?
democratic procedure. Only the last
Detroit, was $6 million in debt and in
"Democracy, in and of itself,"
is run on democratic, not autocratic,
violation of court orders to balance
writes F.W. Schnitzler, is "a valueless
principles. Yet who would choose the
its budget. A judge placed Ecorse in
form of government. It does not im-
last as the superior institution? Any-
receivership, and gave Louis Schim-
ply, suggest or impart moral, ethical
one who grew up in the District,
lel, a municipal bond expert, wide-
or religious values, blessings, or
when there was no right to vote and
ranging powers to clean up the city,
benefits. It merely proposes a politi-
no city government, can empathize
unhindered by the politicians
cal process
whereby the actual
with the Congolese peasant who
"Today, the deficit has disap-
feelings and demands of the major-
begged the Belgian diplomat to ask
peared, a model city has been cre-
ity can be determined and satisfied,
the king if he would be willing to take,
ated and this year Ecorse was turned
right or wrong."
them all back.
back to local control. Mr. Schimmel's
T.S. Eliot agreed: The term 'de-
The cure for the ills of democ-
methods? "To privatize just about
mocracy'
does not contain enough
racy is more democracy, said Al
everything' he says. In four years, he
positive content to stand alone
Smith. The Happy Warrior had it
held the line on taxes, cut the mu-
against the forces you dislike."
wrong: If the people are corrupt, the
nicipal work force almost in half and
Indeed, how defend our munici-
more democracy, the worse the gov-
hired private firms to handle most
pal democracies when big city may-
ernment.
nately the incentives of government
managing sensational somersaults
Photocopy-Preservation
A10 THE WALL STREET JOURNAL MONDAY, DECEMBER 17, 1990
POLITICS
Split Between Kissinger and Brzezinski on Iraq
Reflects Search for New Foreign-Policy Consensus
By GERALD F. SEIB
Icy adviser to Presidents Nixon and Ford,
that sanctions can do Is to begin negotia-
Staff Reporter of THE WALLSTREET JOURNAL
was a mentor of Brent Scowcroft, who is
tions" negotiations are another area
WASHINGTON-Henry Kissinger fore-
now President Bush's national security ad-
where the two men (cleanly split.
sees disaster if the U.S. waits for sanctions
Viser, and Lawrence Eagleburger, the No.
Mr. Kissinger fears that a process of
to drive Iraq out of Kuwait: International
2 man In the Bush State Department.
negotiating with Iraq will inevitably be
resolve will crumble, the military option
White House aldes say Mr. Kissinger has
dragged out by Saddam Hussein, leading
will evaporate, Saddam Hussein will pre-
talked privately with Mr. Bush, and he has
to the collapse of the International coall-
vall. "I believe that many of those who ad-
generally. supported the administration
tion opposing him, an easing of sanctions
vocate sanctions are using it as a cop-out,'
publicly.
and a reduction of the American military
he declares.
Mr. Brzezinski. who was President Car-
force in Saudi Arabia.
Nonsense, says Zbignlew Brzezinski.
ter's national security adviser and who has
And In negotiations, he says, America
Sanctions will work over time, he Insists.
privately counseled Mr. Bush onjEuropean
inevitably would have to compromise on
The real disaster, he argues, would be a
issues, is close to many in Congress, in-
its goals to get a deal. "If the U.S. leaves
war. "It could be quite expensive in both
cluding Senate Armed Services Committee
money and blood.
under conditions that are a disguised Iraqi
Chairman Sam Nunn (D., Ga.). His views
success-that is to say, where Iraq gains
He scoffs at Mr. Kissinger's theory that
have seeped into congressional broad-
something in Kuwalt even if It is given to
the conflict could be limited in scope, say-
sides.
them by the Kuwaitis, or by an Arab sum-
ing acidly that it
Mr. Brzezinski recently had a private
mit-and If the military preponderance of
"reminds me little
session with Democratic Sen. Edward Ken-
Iraq remains unaffected, then I think we
bit of his arguments
nedy of Massachu-
will have suffered a defeat," he says.
for how to terminate
setts, for Instance.
the Vietnam War.'
That's why Mr. Kissinger has publicly
Shortly afterward,
Mr. Kissinger
voiced his disapproval of Secretary of
the senator used sta-
calls that an "un-
State Baker's trip to Baghdad, though he's
tistics Mr. Brze-
worthy comment."
now ceasing his criticism to avoid under-
zlnski had provided
The real calamity,
on civilian casual-
cutting the secretary. The prospective
he says, would be
Baker mission to Baghdad, though, re-
ties during the
for the U.S. to slink
mains in doubt after the U.S. and Iraq
bombing of North
away, which would
falled over the weekend to resolve a dls-
Vietnam as ammu-
"undermine
all
pute over dates. Iraq has insisted that Mr.
nition against wit-
friends
in
the
Baker see Saddam Husseln on Jan. 12. The
ness testifying be
area."
Bush administration maintains that's too
Henry Kissinger
fore the committee.
In the first crisis
close to the Jan. 15 deadline set by the
The target: Mr. Kis-
of the post-Cold War era, these two titans
United Nations for Iraql withdrawal and
singer.
of the foreign-policy establishment, whose
Zbigniew Brzezinski
The
therefore would represent an opportunity
two
are
also
world view was usually in sync during the
for Iraq to push back the deadline. The ad-
illustrative of the schism in the nation's
Cold War, are proposing dlametrically op-
ministration has Insisted on a date no later
opinion-making community. In Mr. Kis-
posed courses of action. Mr. Kissinger
than Jan. 3. As a result of the dispute, a
singer's corner are such heavyweights as
thinks the proposed diplomatic mission to
visit to Washington by Iraq's foreign min-
former top Defense Department adviser
Baghdad by Secretary of State James
Richard Perle and former United Nations
Ister, once expected to occur today, has
Baker remains unscheduled be-
been postponed.
Ambassador Jeane Kirkpatrick. But this
cause of a U.S.-Iraqi dispute over dates-is
camp Is an increasingly lonely place: Mr.
The Brzezinski camp, by contrast,
a bad Idea; Mr. Brzezinski applauds It.
Kissinger sometimes muses that his post-
hasn't any such fear of negotiations. Mr.
They disagree on the usefulness of sanc-
tion Is like Churchill's in the 1930s as he ar.
Brzezinski says he prefers the term "dis-
tions, on how much time the administra-
gued in valn about the dangers of Nazi
cussion," but sees no problem In talking
tion has and on what course would leave a
Germany.
with Iroq about ways It could resolve Its
more stable Middle East.
disputes with Kuwait over their common
In Mr. Brzezinskl's corner are such
Their disagreement over virtually every
heavy hitters as former Defense Secretary
border, Its desire to lease two Kuwalti Is.
aspect of the showdown with Iraq symbol-
lands or Its big debts to Kuwalt. The dis-
James Schlesinger and many former U.S.
Izes the schism dividing America's foreign
cussions, he says, might produce "some
military leaders, ranging from former
policy thinkers and the country at large-a
Joint Chiefs Chairman William Crowe to
arrangement for adjudication" of those is
schism that has only deepened since Iraq's
sues.
former Navy Secretary James Webb.
decision to release American hostages.
"I see nothing wrong with that, and I
These disagreements come from two
The split also has important long-range
men who exercise enormous influence on
meaning. In the past; the foreign- es-
find such an outcome perfectly accept-
able," Mr. Brzezinski says:
tablishment was often galyanized around
official American thinking in both political
strategy designed to deter Sovlet ad-
One of then mostemotional splits in -
parties. Mr. Kissinger, the top foreign-po)-
volves the question of whether the U.S.
vances, but the Soviet threat is gone. "The
old foreign policy consensus built around
could limit military action to air and naval.
containment and all those things that
strikes. Mr. Kissinger maintains that even
worked is no longer there, because the So-
with such contained fighting the U.S. could
viets as a threat are gone,' says Nicholas
force Iraq to retreat. Mr. Brzezinski says
Vellotes, a foreign service officer and for:
wide-scale ground combat would be Inevi-
mer assistant secretary of state.
table, arguing that air strikes didn't suc.
At the heart of the split is a dispute
More immediately. the debate among
ceed in Korea or Vietnam.
over whether economic sanctions can be
opinion leaders Is critical to the Bush ad-
The broadest area of dispute encom-
counted on to force Iraq out of Kuwait.
ministration as the clock ticks toward the
passes the future of the Middle East:
Mr. Kissinger says that there's nothing
Jan. 15 deadline contained In a United Na
whether war or. a failure to cut Saddam
even close to a guarantee they will work.
tions resolution authorizing the use of force
Hussein down to size would cause the more
Sanctions advocates "are saying that they
to drive Iraq out of Kuwalt.
dangerous
mess.
think In 12 to 18 months sanctions will
work," he says. "They have produced no
The debate even'reflects some personal
Mr. Kissinger argues that the U.S. must
evidence that this Is true have said
animosity. "Quite frankly, I don't think
find a way to scale back Iraq's dangerous
Kissinger's interested in resolving the: is
chemical and nuclear weapons programs
from the beginning that time wasn' on our
sue," Mr. Brzezinski says. "I think Kis-
now or face .far deadlier conflict down
side. I said from the beginning that we
singer wants to destroy Iraq, period. Ku-
the road as the Iraqi dictator expands his
would have to choose between sanctions
walt Is just an excuse,"
control over the Persian Gulf and its oll
and military options somewhere along the
"A very unjust statement, counters
fields.
line.' -
Mr. Brzezinski counters that there isn't
Mr. Kissinger, who asserts he hasn't any
America's friends would crumble in the
any evidence sanctions won't work In this
desire to destroy Iraq, merely to see its of-
face of such a hostile power-an outcome
fensive capabilities reduced. He won't de-
Mr. Kissinger suggests needs to be pre-
case, because the sanctions on far
tall on the record what he thinks about Mr.
vented even If It means some military ac-
more severe than any ever imposed
Brzezinski's stand.
tion now. "I balance the fear of the col-
think sanctions have already had a mas
But Mr. Kissinger argues that If the
lapse of all the moderates against what-
sive attriting impact on Iraq, and If main
tained for a year or so they would probably
U.S. had confined itself to protecting Saudi
ever the result may be my preferred op-
Arabia and had left the liberation of Ku-
tion of selective reduction of Iraqi military
bring that economy to a total standstill,
he says. "So they have already established
walt to the world community- 'the Brze-
preponderance,' he says.
zinsk! option,' he calls would have
But in Mr. Brzezinski's eyes, military
the lesson that the aggression didn't
been a bad mistake, but a retrieveable
conflict Itself would create "long-lasting
pay.
one." It didn't happen that way, though;
enmity" toward the U.S. that would de-
Mr. Kissinger maintains that "the best
the U.S. took the lead in pushing for liber-
stroy governments friendly to the U.S. Just
ating Kuwalt and sent hundreds of thou-
as bad, the positions of Syria and Iran
sands of troops. If the U.S. now shrinks
would be enhanced and the region even
away, he argues, "It will be perceived that
more destabilized.
the radicals faced us down. that 1,000
Continued Iraql occupation of Kuwalt
American hostages were taken without any
would be "sad," Mr. Brzezinski says-but
consequence, that the moderate govern-
not as sad as the result of military conflict.
ments who bet on us would be discre-
"I just don't see the argument for the
dited."
proposition that a major war by the U.S. In
this area Is a solution," he says.
Photocopy-Preservation
George F. Will
10/12/90
It's Not Modesty, It's Arrogance
When King Edward I in 1294 summoned the
Richard Darman, the budget director, is com-
clergy and demanded half their income, the
monly called "brilliant," but that handicap is no
dean of St. Paul's dropped dead on the spot.
excuse for ignoring banal but important truths,
That was a tax protest beyond the dreams (so
such as: Decisions made without the concurrence
far) of Newt Gingrich.
of Congress are in the subjunctive mood.
The 1990 budget tedium began a few months
John Sununu (who dismissed a Republican
ago with promises to cut about $50 billion from a
senator, Mississippi's Trent Lott, as "insignif-
deficit of about $200 billion. Then the promise
icant") is not the first clever person to become
was revised to $40 billion from a deficit of about
impatient with the culture of Congress or to
$250 billion. Now it is $34 billion (the costs of
relish the role of a president's designated thug.
Desert Shield will not be counted) from a deficit
But the serious problem is Bush's mentality,
that probably will be well over $300 billion.
one that produces his preference for policy-
The newest "deadline" (cross the line and
making in private by a few in an aura of
die? hardly) that will be missed is Oct. 19. By
bipartisanship that blurs party differences by
then, the House and Senate are supposed to
de-emphasizing principles and ideas. This pref-
have approved the various committee plans for
erence is a facet of Bush's and his White
cutting spending and raising revenues to com-
House's temperament, concerning which there
ply with this week's achievement, the budget
is confusion.
resolution:
What has been described as Bush's modesty
That resolution is a promise. The reconcili-
is actually arrogance. His modesty is supposed-
ation bill due by Oct. 19 is the delivery. Those
ly shown by his emotional minimalism, his
committees have Democratic majorities. Presi-
complacent inarticulateness, his de-emphasisto
dent Bush has been reduced to a bystander.
the point of disparagement of the rhetorical
His "summit" deal collapsed in part because
dimension of the presidency. Bush and his
the process that produced it made most of
handlers have spent 20 months telling the
Congress marginal. And Bush's aides (the tone of
country what the country this month has told
a White House is set at the very top and trickles
him: He is no Reagan.
down) seemed overbearing.
He discounts rhetoric because he discounts
persuasion of the public. He IS governing less by
continuous acts of public consent than by a small
elite's entitlement, the right of the political class
to take care of business cozily.
So, naturally, he has no need to do what
Reagan did-argue, persuade, precipitate con-
frontations with Congress, force polarizing
choices. All those things shave points off a
president's popularity, but solidify a committed
base outside Washington's Beltway.
Now the mountain (actually, the Hill) will labor
mightily and bring forth a modified mouselet, a
package of mini-measures cutting the 1991 defi-
cit about 10 or 12 percent (depending on the
gravity of the recession). The economic effects of
$34 billion trimmed from the $300 billion deficit
of a $1.3 trillion budget in a $5 trillion economy
will be trivial. But the political consequences of
this month's spectacle may be large.
We stand on the lip of a recession, and
perhaps of war, with a president who is being
outmaneuvered and toyed with by Democrats
who like him as much as ever and fear him less
than ever. A president who will not appeal over
Congress' head to the country is Congress'
dream.
By his capital-gains obsession, Bush is dissi-
pating the principal Reagan effect on the Re-
publican Party, the appeal to those blue-collar
Democrats who for a while stopped seeing
Republicans as "the rich." And Bush's syrupy
bipartisanship-secluded summits, Sunday. to-
getherness in the Rose Garden-is convincing
an unenthralled public that Republicans are not,
as until recently had been thought, better than
Democrats at budgeting.
Finally, incumbents of both parties are being
hurt as the budget debacle fuels a nationwide
campaign to limit the number of terms elected
officials can serve.
In 1988, the Baltimore Orioles lost 108 games
with a lot of expensive veteran players. Then the
Orioles management thought: Hey, we can lose
107 games with hungry, spirited rookies-and
might do better. In 1989, the Orioles had base-
ball's youngest team, and smallest payroll-and
almost won a division title.
Today many voters are saying: Hey, 535
political-rookies-535 people plucked from the
concourse at O'Hare Airport-could bollix
things up as badly as the experienced politicians
have done (how experienced do you have to be to
close the Washington Monument?), and they
might do better.
Photocopy-Preservation
PAGE D4 / MONDAY, AUGUST 20, 1990
MAX LERNER
Birth of
the fact of a world armada gathering
in Saudi Arabia as a staging area, to
deter any further outrages against
world opinion and law.
It must be said of Mr. Bush that
a new
he seized the moment perhaps the
last moment - when this world
opinion and a world force could be
metaphor
mobilized against Mr. Hussein. Had
Mr. Bush waited, even for days, Mr.
Hussein's forces would now. be in
Saudi Arabia. The moment would
age ends when its metaphor
have passed, and the world today
A
dies." I thought of
would be a far more dangerous place
Archibald MacLeish's
than it-is.
line as I listened to Presi-
That doesn't mean the dangers
dent Bush's second talk to the Amer-
are past. But they come less from
ican people, this time amid the ritual
Mr. Hussein's military array than
and panoply of the Pentagon. If an
from the religious and political war-
age has ended, what military met-
fare that he and his supporters have
aphor has died with it?
unleashed - in the Arab world and
This is not an idle question. What
indeed in America and the West.
is at stake is the political and mili-
Mr. Bush was wise, in his second
tary will of the American people.
major talk, to expose the entire tis-
Despite all the talk about the "end
sue of Mr. Hussein's falsehoods,
of war," even the "end of history," we
about who and what are today ar-
have not reached either. The case of
rayed against whom and what.
Saddam Hussein shows that history
Aimed primarily at splitting the
still has its surprises, and that we
Arab world, Mr. Hussein's propa-
must still meet.wars of aggression
ganda also is meant to undercut the
with stern deterrence.
resolve of Americans to stand be-
The one era that seems clearly to
hind their government.
have ended is the East/West Cold
A letter Henry Adams wrote to a
War. Its obsequies were delivered by
historian friend, in 1910, may shed
the image of Secretary of State Ba-
some light here. The old cynic was
ker and Soviet Foreign Minister
looking back at the Civil War. "Fifty
Eduard Shevardnadze, at the same
years ago," he wrote, "we fought -
rostrum, denouncing Mr. Hussein's
God knows why but we believed in
invasion of Kuwait; and by the
it. Whom ought I to fight now? I wish
unanimous vote in the U.N. Security
I may be'hung up another 50 years
Council for sanctions against Iraq.
to dry utterly out, if I have the
smallest notion whom I ought to
With that era's passing, has its
fight."
metaphor died? I mean the met-
aphor of world nuclear destruction
The will of a people to fight -
- of the end of life on Earth in a
backing its leaders - is always a
function of its will to believe in a
showdown between the Soviets and
cause. In the Civil War the belief was
America, the two world nuclear pow-
there, and again in World War II. In
ers.
the Korean and Vietnam wars it had
In past Middle East crises, dur-
ing the Cold War era, the apocalyptic
dissipated.
shadow of such a showdown was
Thus far in the present crisis it is
ever-present in the American mind
an active belief, as every probing of
and set the limits of popular support
opinion testifies. Without it, the
American forces in the Saudi desert
for the actions of its leaders.
would be stranded, irresolute. And
Those limits are no longer there.
their irresolution would infect their
That doesn't mean that the threat of
allies.
lethal weapons has ended. Israel has
In his desperation, Mr. Hussein
nuclear weapons and Mr. Hussein
knows this. Hence his tissue of
was within a couple of years of get-
falsehoods, aiming his arrows of
ting them. He has used chemical
doubt at the American will and be-
weapons and would use them again
lief.
if he dared. What inhibits him is only
Americans can withstand the on-
slaught. I sense in them a dawning
Photocopy-Preservation
conviction that, as the old metaphor
Max Lerner is a nationally syndi-
pass, a new metaphor is being bo
cated columnist.
Its name may be world law.
11/17/90 NYPOST
War with Iraq: In the end, the president must have freedom to move
HE Great Debate over-
war? Answer: the quickest,
stitutional powers, is serious
T
war with Saddam Hus-
CIVILIZATION WATCH
the least protracted, with the
but not decisive.
sein and Iraq has
fewest casualties.
Modern electronic war, on
reached enough clarity to
dustrial societies for whom
My own answer is that
Easier said than done. In a
land or sea but especially in
define the major adverbial
oil is the lifeline.
war and its alternative -
fine piece in the current
the air, demands suppleness
questions we must resolve.
But that still doesn't spell
the continuing squeeze of
issue of Commentary, Eliot
and surprise, and the ca-
There are five: whether,
out the full stakes, which in-
sanctions - don't require an
A. Cohen, of Johns Hopkins,
pacity to keep the enemy
why, how, when, and by
volve non-industrial and
immediate solution. What is
opts for a move "sooner
guessing. What would it
whose act?
non-Western nations as well.
central to both is world re-
rather than later, with a pro-
profit us and the coalition if
The whether is of course
The why is quite simply the
solve. When it becomes clear
longed and intensive air
we sacrificed these critical
the central question but it in-
imperative of collective se-
that sanctions won't work -
campaign," followed up (at
factors to an overly rigid
volves answering the why
curity when a critical threat
probably in the next few
some remove) by "advances
view of congressional
first. The why has to do with
emerges to even a minimum
months - then the coalition
on the ground." It makes
powers?
what is at stake and its for-
of world order.
troops and armaments are
considerable sense to me.
The president is chief, if not
mulation.
This was the high stake in
fortunately in place.
I should think that the
sole, agent of foreign policy,
Despite George Bush's
Hitler's Europe in the 1930s,
Unlike Vietnam, the
"sooner rather than later"
as well as commander-in-
waverings and wafflings
MAX
and the democracies - in-
American domestic front is
answers the when question,
chief of the armed forces.
from time to time in his
cluding America - failed to
unlikely to have eroded by
were it not for William Sa-
This president will not, dare
phrasing. the why has a
LERNER
rise to it, to their grief.
that time. What is critical is
fire's powerful columns ar-
not, give the orders for war
clarity that goes beyond him
This leaves the whether
to avoid the kind of "deal"
guing that every week and
without getting a rough con-
or any other head of state.
question - to war or not to
with Saddam that leads to.
month of delay brings Sad-
sensus of popular support.
It also goes beyond the
prices and profits.
war - only in part an-
his triumph as an Arab hero,
dam closer. to his goal of
Congress ratifies that con-
blindered isolationists who
Oil is involved, yes, on a
swered. Many feel, in all
and the consequent toppling
contriving nuclear weapons
sensus but doesn't create it.
mock the idea that America
sheer geopolitical level.
conscience, that while the
of moderate Arab regimes.
and other. lethal missiles.
Only the current great de-
would place its young in the
What is at high risk is ac-
stakes are high they are not
The how is the hardest.
This sets a grim limit to our
bate can create and validate
Photocopy-Preservation
killing fields of the Middle
cess to oil access not only
high enough for war and its
The war planning must con-
waiting game.
it. Which is how a true
East in the interest of oil
for America but for all in-
gruesome costs.
tinue, but for what kind of
The final question, of con-
democracy works.
THE NEW YORK TIMES, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 14, 1990
Madonna — Finally, a Real Feminist
ther art nor the artist has a moral
the chain, but Madonna the sexual
want men to be like women. They fear
tic films as Lililana Cazani's The
By Camille Paglia
responsibility to liberal social causes.
persona in the video is alternately a
and despise the masculine. The aca-
Night Porter" and Luchino Visconti's
"Justify My Love" is truly avant-
cross-dressing dominatrix and a
demic feminists think their nerdy
"The Damned." It's the perverse
PHILADELPHIA
garde, at a time when that word has
slave of male desire.
bookworm husbands are the ideal
and knowing world of the photogra-
adonna, don't preach.
lost its meaning in the flabby art
But who cares what the feminists
model of human manhood.
phers Helmut Newton and Robert
Defending her
world. It represents a sophisticated
say anyhow? They have been outra-
But Madonna loves real men. She
M
Mapplethorpe.
controversial new
European sexuality of a kind we have
geously negative about Madonna
sees the beauty of masculinity, in all
Contemporary American femi-
video "Justify My
not seen since the great foreign films
from the start. In 1985, Ms. magazine
its rough vigor and sweaty athletic
nism, which began by rejecting
Love" on "Night-
of the 1950's and 1960's. But it does
pointedly feted quirky, cuddly singer
perfection. She also admires the men
Freud because of his alleged sexism,
line" last week,
not belong on a mainstream music
Cyndi Lauper as its woman of the
who are actually like women: trans-
has shut itself off from his ideas of
Madonna stumbled, rambled and
channel watched around the clock by
year. Great judgment: gimmicky
sexuals and flamboyant drag queens,
ambiguity, contradiction, conflict,
ended up seeming far less intelligent
children.
Lauper went nowhere, while Madon-
the heroes of the 1969 Stonewall rebel-
ambivalence. Its simplistic psychol-
than she really is.
On "Nightline," Madonna bizarrely
na grew, flourished, metamorphosed
lion, which started the gay liberation
ogy is illustrated by the new cliché of
Madonna, 'fess up.
called the video a "celebration of
and became an international star of
movement.
the date-rape furor:" 'No' always
The video is pornographic. It's dec-
sex." She imagined happy education-
staggering dimensions. She is also a
"Justify My Love" is an eerie, sul-
means 'no'. Will we ever graduate
adent. And it's fabulous. MTV was
al scenes where curious children
shrewd business tycoon, a modern
try tableau of jaded androgynous
from the Girl Scouts? "No" has al-
right to ban it, a corporate resolve
would ask their parents about the
woman of all-around talent.
creatures, trapped in a decadent sex-
ways been, and always will be, part of
long overdue. Parents cannot possi-
video. Oh, sure! Picture it: "Mommy,
Madonna is the true feminist. She
ual underground. Its hypnotic images
the dangerous, alluring courtship rit-
bly control television, with its titanic
please tell me about the tired, tied-up
exposes the puritanism and suffocat-
are drawn from such sado-masochis-
ual of sex and seduction, observable
omnipresence.
man in the leather harness and the
ing ideology of American feminism,
even in the animal kingdom.
Prodded by correspondent Forrest
mean, bare-chested lady in the Nazi
which is stuck in an adolescent whin-
Madonna has a far profounder vi-
Photocopy-Preservation
Sawyer for evidence of her responsi-
cap." O.K., dear, right after the milk
ing mode. Madonna has taught young
sion of sex than do the feminists. She
bility as an artist, Madonna hotly
and cookies.
women to be fully female and sexual
Down with
sees both the animality and the arti-
proclaimed her love of children, her
Mr. Sawyer asked for Madonna's
while still exercising total control
fice. Changing her costume style and
social activism and her condom en-
reaction to feminist charges that, in
over their lives. She shows girls how
hangdog
hair color virtually every month, Ma-
dorsements, Wrong answer. As Bau-
the neck manacle and floor-crawling
to be attractive, sensual, energetic,
donna embodies the eternal values of
delaire and Oscar Wilde knew, nei-
of an earlier video, "Express Your-
ambitious, aggressive and funny -
dowdies and
beauty and pleasure. Feminism says,
self," she condoned the "degrada-
all at the same time.
"No more masks." Malonna says we
Camille Paglia, author of "Sexual
tion" and "humiliation" of women.
American feminism has a man
Personae: Art and Decadence from
Madonna waffled: "But I chained
problem. The beaming Betty Crock-
prudes.
are nothing but masks
Through her enormous impact on
Nefertiti to Emily Dickinson," teach-
myself! I'm in charge." Well, no. Ma-
ers, hangdog dowdies and parochial
young women around!the world, Ma-
es at the University of the Arts.
donna the producer may have chosen
prudes who call themselves feminists
donna is the future of feminism.
ATIONAL THURSDAY, AUGUST 2, 1990
Pentagon Drafts Post-Cold War Strategy
Continued From Page Al
The Pentagon's Plan
by some senior military officers who
think the cuts go too far, is still being
refined by the Pentagon. But Bush Ad-
THE ATLANTIC FORCE
ministration officials say the main
thrust has been favorably received by
Would Include armored.units and Army and Air Force reserves
the President, who is expected to draw
Could respond to a Soviet attack against Western Europe or tank
on some of some of the Pentagon's lat-
warfare by Iran or Arab nations in the Persian Gulfiregion
est planning in a speech on military
Army. Five active Army divisions; two in Europe, Would also
policy he will deliver in Aspen, Colo., on
Thursday.
Include six reserve Army divisions and two new reconstitutable
The new blueprint represents the
divisions These would be partially staffed reserve units that could
first comprehensive effort by senior
be brought to full strength during periods of heightened tension
Pentagon officials, under heavy pres-
sure from Congress to reduce spend-
Air Force Three to four tactical fighter wings based In Europe: Two
ing, to adapt American strategy and
active Air Force tactical fighter wings based in the United States
forces to the political and military sea
along with a reserve force equivalent to nine fully staffed and
change that has taken place in the
equipped Air Force tactical fighter wings
Soviet Union and Eastern Europe.
Criticism From Congress
Navy Six carriers, one deployed In the Mediterranean Sea
Until now, the Pentagon has pre-
Marines The Mediterranean Amphibious Ready Group, a 2 400
sented only fragmentary suggestions
member expeditionary unit with tanks, artillery, hellcopter and
of how It would adjust to the receding
Harrier jets that Is currently deployed off the coast of Liberia, would
Soviet threat, most dwelling on budget-
cutting measures. This has drawn
be on station near Europe, Marine force based In the United States
sharp criticism from members of Con-
would Include two active and one reserve Marine expeditionary
gress who have assailed the Defense
brigades, units of from 13,500 to 18,000 members
Department for failing to articulate a
long-term strategic vision.
The Pentagon told Congress in June,
THE PACIFIC FORCE
for example, that it was considering a
25 percent cut In forces over five years
Would have a maritime character. Air Force tactical units would
and offered an illustrative breakdown
defend South Korea, Japan and other Asian allies.
of how such a reduction might be ac-
Army One division deployed In South Korea with a reinforcing
complished. But the June report made
no mention of strategy, did not explain
division deployed in Hawali or Alaska
the projected cuts in detail and was
Air Force Three to four tactical fighter wings based in the Pacific.
cast primarily as a budget exercise to
explain the fiscal consequences of
Navy Six carriers, one of which would be based in Japan.
force reductions.
Marines Four Marine expeditionary brigades: one based in Japan,
In Line With Budget Plans
one In Hawail and two In the United States
Pentagon officials said that the new
strategic plan reflects an acceptance
that the military budget Is in decline. It
THE CONTINGENCY FORCE
is generally consistent with current
Administration plans to cut military
Would be designed for rapid response to brush-fire conflicts In the
spending, after taking account of infla-
third world. Would be leading edge in a major Intervention
tion, by 10 percent over five years.
Somewhat greater savings could be
Army Five divisions, Including the 82d Airborne division; 101 air
achieved if the pace of the reductions in
assault division equipped with helicopters, 24th mechanized Infantry
forces were accelerated.
division, equipped with tanks and armored troop carriers, and the
But at the same time, the plan Is in-
5
tended to help the Pentagon hold the
7th and Oth "light" Infantry divisions.
line against more severe budget cuts,
It would Include seven active fighter wings and forces trained to
by arguing that there Is a "base force"
rescue hostages and conduct operations against terrorists
that the United States cannot go below.
The blueprint is the result of more
could draw on Navy carriers and Marine units
than five months of planning and meet-
Ings, encouraged by Mr. Cheney, and is
based on the work of General Powell
and Paul Wolfowitz, the Undersecre-
tary of Defense for Policy, who over-
reserves, saying that it requires fur-
saw separate efforts to update military
A reflection of
ther study and expressing concerns
planning. General Powell and Mr. Wol-
that the widespread application of the
fowitz came to similar conclusions
reductions in
proposal would lead to even sharper
about the size of forces that would be
cuts in the Army. In addition to these
needed.
In recent weeks, an effort has been
tensions and
two "reconstitutable" units, tits, the
blueprint would keep 6 other reserve
made to coordindate the positions of
divisions.
the chairman of the Joint Chiefs and
funds.
Senior Air Force officials have said
the civilian policy experts, and a paper
the service needs more than the
reflecting a common position was re-
roughly 25 active and reserve tactical
cently presented to the Defense Policy
air wings suggested by the new blue-
Resources Board, the top-level plan-
a force is not sufficient to keep carriers
print. The Air Force currently has
ning group in the Pentagon.
in the Mediterranean Sea and the West-
about 36 air wings and has proposed
Four Basic Components
ern Pacific constantly, while also
shrinking that to 28.
maintaining a presence in the Indian
The new plan, in keeping with the
Pentagon officials say that the new.
Ocean six months out of the year. The
plan assumes that Soviet forces will be
think of General Powell, organizes the
Navy, which currently has 14 deploy-
military Into four basic components. It
withdrawn from Europe by the mid.
able carriers, says that at least 12 are
1990's, that a new East-West conven-
would establish an Atlantic Force that
needed.
would include armored units and siz-
tional arms pact will be agreed and.
An aide to Mr. Cheney said that the
that the Western alliance will be Intact.
able Army and Air Force reserves to
Secretary currently favors retaining a
guard against a renewed Soviet threat,
Following such developments, Mos-
force of 12 carriers but added that the
and to meet threats in the Persian Gulf:
COW would still capable of launching
matter is under review along with
limited attacks on the northern and
There would also be a Pacific Force
other questions about the Navy's fu-
southern flanks of the NATO alliance
that would emphasize naval and tacti-
ture.
cal air units to defend South Korea and
or even in central Europe. But the
The Marine Corps objects to the blue-
other American allies in Asia.
Sovlet Union would need a year or two
print's proposal to reduce the service
Additionally, the military would have
of advance preparation to fight a global
to about 150,000 men, a 25 percent cut.
a Contingency Force for rapid re-
conventional war involving a major
Gen. Alfred M. Gray, the Marine Corps
sponse to brush-fire conflicts in the
multi-front attack on Western Europe.
commander, has argued that the
Third World and to be the leading edge
The study also assumes that the
member corps should not be re-
in a major American military inter-
third world powers, such as Iraq, which
duced below 180,000, and some Marine
vention. There would also be the Strate-
is already regarded as a formidable
officials say a force in the 170,000 range
gic Force of long-range nuclear weap-
opponent, will become more powerful.
would be acceptable. The Marines
ons.
The growth of regional powers in the
argue that from a strategic standpoint,
Based on the revised forecast of the
Middle East Is leading to some impor-
the services forces are needed more
Soviet military threat, the blueprint
tant modifications in military planning.
than ever to deal with conflicts in the
calls for cutting Army and Air Force
Because a nation such Iraq could
Third World.
units oriented toward the defense of
launch an attack on short notice, warn-
Top Army officials appear recon-
Western Europe.
Ing an such attack is likely to less than
ciled to the proposal to cut the service
The United States has already pro-
that of a Soviet invasion, Pentagon
to 12 active divisions from the current
posed shrinking its force of 305,000
18. This would be two fewer active divi-
planners say. To cope with the growth.
Army and Air Force troops in Europe
of such regional threats, Pentagor
sions than proposed by the Army in in-
to 225,000 in the conventional arms
planners are putting more emphasis on
ternal budget deliberations.
talks. Pentagon officials say the new
tactical air forces, instead of ground
Uniformed Army officials, however,
plan does not explicitly Identify what
troops, and might draw on forces from
are cautious about the idea for creating
further cuts might be possible in Eu-
the Pacific as well as the Atlantic
two "reconstitutable" divisions in the
force,
rope if Moscow completely withdrew
Its forces from Eastern Europe, as pro-
jected by the Defense Department.
But these officials add that the plan
implies there would be further such re-
ductions. In fact, senior Pentagon offi-
cials are now weighing plans to cut to
the level of 100,000 to 125,000 or so if
Moscow should withdraw from East-
ern Europe.
'Reconstitutable' Divisions
tutable" Army re-
Photocopy-Preservation
LOS ANGELI TIMES
BE Backers Urge White House to Save Embattled Plane
Defense: Bush draws
effort faint-hearted, saying that it
If Congress final version of the
sions out of a bill, said one con
criticism for what critics
is likely to be too little, too late.
1991 defense budget leaves out the
The Pentagon has reinforced
gressional aide who is key to the
call a tepid-responce They
B-2, will Bush use his most power-
that impression, they said, by being
fight. But you really can't veto
ful weapon- the legislative veto-
unwilling to single out the B-2 for
something into a bill."
fear it may be too late to
to get the funds restored?
special treatment. While Cheney
Some Democratic supporters of
save the bomber during
Rep. William L. Dickinson (R
has touted the plane in speeches
the B-2, including Exon, said they
Ala.), the ranking Republican on
and congressional hearings, Penta-
suspected that behind the White
upcoming budget battles.
the House Armed Services Com-
gon officials said that he has been
House's muted support lies a more
mittee, predicted Wednesday that
careful not to suggest that the B-2
intricate strategy: to let Congress
By MELISSA HEALY
Bush would veto the House bill if it
is a non-negotiable priority in the
kill the bomber program that the
TIMES STAFF WRITER
came to him in its current form.
defense budget.
Bush Administration itself has
But other proponents of the revo-
W
ASHINGTON As congres-
"You have to resist the urge to
concluded, is too costly, and then
lutionary plane warned that Bush
accuse the Democrats in future
sional debate on defense
cut side deals on special projects,
cannot let the situation come to
spending has shifted into high gear,
said' a senior defense official
campaigns of having abandoned
that, because it probably won't
the nation's defenses.
awmakers who support the em-
We're still trying to go for an
work.
battled B-2 Stealth bomber are
zerall budget," he added.
Staff writer David Lauter contribut-
You can veto offending provi-
ed to this story.
complaining that White House
support for the program has lacked
resolve.
Although the Bush Administra-
tion seems to have been jolted to
some degree by a committee vote
Tuesday to terminate production,
some supporters warn that it al-
ready may be too late to keep the
B-2 from crashing during budget
battles on the House and Seriate
floors.
Proponents of the $63-billion
program have been pressing the
Administration for weeks to push
its most powerful advocate-the
President-into the political fray in
an effort to pluck the program from
death at the hands of budget cut-
Photocopy-Preservation
ters. To their mounting frustration,
they continue to get what they
consider a tepid response.
The White House and the sec-
retary of defense have been drag-
ging their heels on explaining the
need for the B-2 to the American
public," complained Sen. J. James
Exon (D-Neb.), the Senate's lead-
ing proponent of the radar-eluding
aircraft. "The President had better
spend some political capital on this
aircraft or it could be very, very
dead-and so stealthy that no one
will be able to see it."
T
here were some signs of action
Wednesday, a day after the
House Armed Services Committee
dealt the B-2 program its most
serious blow yet, adopting a $283-
billion 1991 defense bill that would
terminate production of the plane
Defense Secretary Dick Cheney
and Brent Scowcroft, Bush's na-
tional security adviser, began in-
viting senators to the White House
to urge them to support the B-2
And White House spokesman Ro-
man Popadiuk suggested that the
President will boost the foundering
program in al speech today, in
which Bush "will address how he
perceives the U.S. defense budget
and U.S. force structure in meeting
the changing demands."
That description of Bush's com-
ing speech, however, failed to com-
fort critics who complain that the
White House is dealing with the
plane as part of a larger package of
defense modernization programs.
White House sources add that the
Administration believes it is too
early for the President to go to the
mat for the plane because Congress
is at least two months away from
completing its debate.
In Southern California, as many
as 17,000 jobs are at stake. For the
Northrop Corp., the prime contrac-
tor of the beleaguered B-2, the
termination of the program could
bring serious financial- trouble, ac-
cording to industry and Pentagon
analysts.
With the Senate floor debate due
to start as early as today, the
House committee's vote to kill the
B-2 was just the first of many
challenges the plane will face.
The Senate Armed Services
Committee in mid-July recom
mended approval of $4.5 billion-
the Administration's full request-
to build and test two of the bomb-
ers. But in a White House meeting
last Monday, the bomber's most
influential Senate advocate, Armed
Services Chairman Sam Nunn (D-
Ga.), warned that without strong
White House intercession, he
might not be able to fend off
opponents of the program on the
Senate floor
A
S debate moves to the floors of
the House and Senate, the B-2
program is expected to be buffeted
by criticism, including some from
the Administration's Republican
allies.
During that process, one knowl
edgeable source said that Vice
President Dan Quayle, once: a
member of the Senate Armed Ser-
vices Committee, might be sent to
Capitol Hill to whip errant Senate
Republicans into line on the B-2.,
So far, however, Quayle remains
on the sidelines.
According to Rep. Jerry Lewis
(R-Redlands), a staunch B-2 sup-
porter, the Bush Administration
decided recently that it must focus
its efforts on later stages of the
budget-writing process, including
the conference between the House
and Senate Armed Services com-
mittees and the drafting of the
defense appropriations bills.
"Those who are already singing
at the B-2's funeral are doing so
a
little too early, warned Lewis.
But several lawmakers, speaking
privately, called the White House
Photocopy-Preservation
PENTAGON DRAFTS
1
NEW BATTLE PLAN
Would Cut Armed Forces by
500,000 by Mid-1990's
By MICHAEL R. GORDON
Special to The New York Times
WASHINGTON, Aug. 1 - The Penta-
gon has drafted a blueprint for United
States military strategy in the 1990's
with the assumption that once Soyiet
forces withdraw from Eastern Europe
it would take Moscow up to two years
to mobilize for a major invasion.
The plan marks a striking change
from the assumption underlying Amer-
ican military strategy during the cold
war, that Washington might have as lit-
tle as two weeks to reinforce NATO
forces if Moscow appeared to be mar-
shaling troops and weapons for an at-
tack on Western Europe.
The confidential plan, which was pre-
sented to President Bush in late June
by Defense Secretary Dick Cheney and
Gen. Colin L. Powell, the chairman of
the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the plan would
cut the armed forces by 500,000 troops
from the current level of 2.1 million, re-
duce overseas deployments and estab-
lish a new organizational framework
for the military. The plan envisions
achieving those goals by about the mid-
1990's
A Type of Army Units
It would also take advantage of the
longer warning time of a possible
Soviet attack on Europe by creating
new Army reserve divisions that could
be be brought up to full strength only if
needed for a a prolonged crisis. These
"reconstitutable" units would be par-
tially manned and their equipment
would be held in storage.
The plan, which has been criticized
Continued on Page A14, Column 4
Photocopy-Preservation
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL TUESDAY, JUNE 5, 1990
In East Europe, Only Poland Makes Hard Decisions
By KAREN ELLIOTT HOUSE
have reluctantly concluded that It Isn't go-
other state In East Europe. It operated on
traumatic. Costs of such basic necessities
WARSAW-If, as an Italian Communist
ing to supply much practical financial sup-
a looser leash from Moscow, established
as electricity rose by more than 300%
Party leader once said, "there are many
port. The surprising thing to an American
more trade with Western Europe, and bullt
within a matter of weeks, and even the
roads to socialism,". these days there are
visitor is how infrequently America is even
a reputation with Western banks.
price of a bottle of vodka/doubled. Inflation
at least as many roads back from it. All of
mentioned in the offices or coffee houses of
Hungary Is perplexed by several para-
soared-to 80% in January-but has sub-
them are full of potholes and other pit-
Eastern Europe.
doxes. Precisely because they managed-to
sided since to roughly 5% a month. Wages,
falls.
If such similarities cut across all three
advance under communism, external ex-
deindexed from price increases, dropped
Every country In East Europe has now
ex-satellites, there also are significant dif-
pectations these days are higher for the
sharply in real terms. Polish unemploy-
embarked on such a journey-or Is at least
ferences in atmospherics and substance.
Hungarians. Westerners arrive expecting
ment rose to roughly 300,000 (still less than
discussing what bags to pack. The desired
Czechoslovakla, which statistically en-
a functioning market economy. Hungary,
2%) and is predicted to rise to one million
destination in each case is some nebulous
joys a per-capita standard of living well
however, was never a highly industrialized
by year by contrast, the Hungarians
mix of democratic institutions, the alluring
beyond Poland's $1,100, still Is SO desperate.
nation and It never.was willing or able gent
fret about 4,000 jobless.
but confusing benefits of capitalism, and
for foreign currency that all visitors are
uinely to privatize Its economy: Hun-
As the money supply shrank, the
the social safety net to which they ve all
forced upon arrival to exchange $16 for ev-
garians are reluctant to yield elements of
monthly interest rate shot to 40% in Janu-
become accustomed during more than 40
ery day they will be in the country. While
their socialist safety net for the risks of
ary-though it, too, has since fallen to 8%
years of Marxist stagnation. They start,
Poland is coping with the consequences of
greater economic freedom.
in April and 5.5% in May. The zloty was
however, from very different stages of po-
last January's sudden conversion to mar-
Frustrations exist In dally Hungarian
devalued 35% but the result is a freely con-
litical sophistication and economic devel-
ket, rather than centrally administered,
life, like a six-year wait to take title to an
vertible currency that enables Poland's
opment and have significantly different
prices, Czechoslovakla's officials continue
automobile. But the frustrations aren't so
economy to engage in Internationally com-
chances of success.
to meet weekly to debate what economic
great as to prompt strong public demand
petitive commerce. Indeed, few Poles any
Recent travel in Czechoslovakia, Hun-
reforms to pursue. Its president seems
for sharp change. The winners of this
longer demand payment In dollars, as the
gary and Poland leads to the perhaps sur-
more interested in making peace between
spring divisive election pledged to move
zloty is readily redeemable by any citizen
prising conclusion that it is Poland-the
Arabs and Israelis than in resolving eco-
the country "compassionately." toward
at a local bank for hard currency. Six
country starting from farthest behind and
nomic policy disputes among his own min-
capitalism. The party promising more eco-
months ago a hotel maitre d' would chase
traveling the rockiest road-that stands
down patrons offering to tear up the zloty
the best chance of actually making the
equivalent of a $50 dinner check in ex-
transition to genuine capitalism. Poland al-
East Europeans may look to America as a source of
change for a $10 bill.
ready has packed its bags and set off while
its wealthier neighbors are still planning
inspiration, but they have reluctantly concluded that it
The Immediate downside of this high-
stakes program has been a significant de-
their voyage.
isn't going to supply much practical financial support.
cline In Industrial production and fears of
In any analysis of East Europe these
a major recession. "We expected a drop of
days, one must set aside East Germany.
production," says Wojclech Misiag. deputy
Though it shares the past miseries of
isters. Debate drags on in government
nomic pain en route decisively lost:
finance minister and an architect of the
Marxism, it has a unique future as an inte-
while Parliament busies itself changing
"We've gone halfway on economic
economic reform plan. "Once you create a
gral part of an enlarged German nation. At
street names and discussing whether the
form for 20 years and it hasn't, worked,
real market, a lot of production here isn't
the other extreme, Bulgaria and Romania,
name Czechoslovakia should be hyphen-
says Ferenc Bartha, chairman of the Hun-
salable; some Polish products are too
ated-or whether Czechs and Slovaks
garlan National Bank.
despite recent and enormous change, start
costly to produce." Industrial production
should Inhabit the same nation at all.
from SO far back that they are destined to
Indeed, If complacency the problem
fell 30% In January and February but has
remain laggards. Thus, the focus on prob-
Some Czechs already are suggesting
in Czechoslovakia, gradualism is the diffi-
stabilized, and Mr. Mislag believes the
lems and potential for Czechoslovakia,
that perhaps socialist economics, absent
culty in Hungary. "I warn against the phi-
downward trend is reversing.
Hungary and Poland.
Soviet overlords, isn't SO bad after all.
losophy of gradualism," says a senior ex-
The signs of robust commerce on War-
Since the Czechs have more to start with,
ecutive of Germany's Deutsche Bank.
Chained to Soviet Economy
saw's main streets seem to support Mr.
they fear they have more to lose. With a
"Gradualism nourishes the Illusion you can
Misiag's optimism. If some old enterprises
Clearly there are commonalities. All
degree of comfort has come a higher de-
avoid pain.'
09 are foundering in the newly competitive
three have the burdensome legacy of ossi-
gree of complacency.
Prime Minister Jozsef Antall recently
marketplace, entrepreneurial activity
fied, uncompetitive economies. All three
The Czechs are searching for a route to
sought to reassure Western bankers who
is flourlshing. This city now teems with
have also been chained to the rigid Soviet
risk-free capitalism. For example, they
have financed Hungary's $20 billion foreign
sidewalk sellers offering everything from
economy. To a degree generally over-
continue to debate a national voucher sys-
debt. "Our mandate of election means we
formerly unattainable fresh fruit to fash-
looked by Americans, all three still count
tem whereby citizens each would receive a
have the moral trust to make the public
lonable Italian footwear.
the Soviets as their largest trading "part-
paper "right" to buy equity in various
accept hard decisions. But, he added,
ner. The Lilliputians in this case remain
state enterprises. Among the problems
The Kullbab Model
"Harsh measures can be executed only In:
tightly tied down by Gulliver. There simply
with this paper privatization, however, Is
parallel with the creation of a social safety
Typical Is Jan Kullbab, a sidewalk shoe
:
isn't any quick way out of dependency on
that vouchers couldn't be freely traded,
net.
salesman, peddling his total inventory of
S
Soviet raw materials, nor an immediate al-
meaning that both vouchers and enter-
It's not surprising that Hungarian offi-
two dozen pairs of Italian shoes from be-
1
ternative to the Soviet market, which, un-
prises will lack real market value: What
cials want It both ways. Genuine economic
hind a table on a Warsaw street corner.
e
like the West, Is willing to barter for fre-
should happen to uneconomic enterprises
change would require harsh measures for
Mr. Kullbab Is selling the shoes for $19 a
e
quently shoddy goods made by unmoti-
in which no Czech chooses to Invest
which there could be a political price. Any
pair; he buys them at $16 a pair from a
vated workers in antiquated factories.
vouchers? "We can sell those to the Japa-
political instability would scare off credi-
wholesaler who travels back and forth by
"We trade our stray dog for their blind
nese," says Mr. Triska.
0
tors and Investors, leaving Hungary bereft
bus to Germany. where he buys the shoes
cat,' says Peter Bod, a youthful, market-
Vladimir Dlouhy, Czechoslovakia's new
of external private support. One further
for $12 a pair. Mr. Kullbab, however,
1-
oriented economic adviser to Hungary's
minister of planning, who really would like
complication: Hungarians are engaged in
doesn tsintend to remain a sidewalk shoe
is
new prime minister.
to become the country's minister of un-
divisive politics over minorities in neigh-
salesman. His ambition is to save enough
it
The three countries also share officials
planning, sits in Prague's largest bastion
boring countries. To foreigners looking in
zlotys to rent a vacant shusage shop where
18
mostly new to government and over-
of bureaucracy, and says with a smile,
on East Europe, there are a number of
he can display a wider range of shoes and
:e
whelmed by the challenge of creating capi-
"welcome to the heartbeat of communist
distinct countries with defined borders. But
undercut the shoddy merchandise at the
talism. A visit to the finance ministry in
planning."
to many In East Europe, there are rather a
state-owned department store down the
I'-
Czechoslovakia Is typical. "Czechoslovakia
Increasingly frustrated by political In-
number of distinct nationalities who tran-
street. "Last month made an 800,000 zloty
is a madhouse,' says Dusan Triska, a
decisiveness, Mr. Dlouhy says, 'We know
y
scend postwar borders. The Issue of Ro-
profit Labout $80 but, with a shop 1 could
frantic, fortyish economist with an Eln-
what steps we have to take, but the politi-
1-
manian treatment of Hungarian minorities
do much better,' he says.
stein-like colffure. He Is responsible for
clans aren't ready to take them." Opti-
di
dominates Hungarian politics more than is-
In addition to the enterprise of Its Kuli-
privatization programs. "We are trying to
mists here believe Czechoslovakia's direc-
sues of socialism and capitalism.
babs, Poland also benefits from a degree
a-
do everything at once. New laws-are being
tion will be set following national elections
While the Czechs and Hungarians are
of political unity still unknown elsewhere
Introduced every day; we can't keep up
Friday.But-it's:far from clear that much
seeking painless paths to prosperity, the
in East Europe. In Hungary and Czech-
),
with it all.'
will really change.
Poles are accepting genuine economic sac-
oslovakia-and even more so in Romania
h
All three countries covet German mar-
At this point, Czechoslovakia, with its
rifice
42
and Bulgaria-the "new" political leader-
d
kets and money. Yet, on the one hand, they
pre-war Industrial base, Its artistic and in-
In January, Poland's Hew Solidarity ship consists of at best a handful of former
fear It won't materialize as German re-
tellectual tradition and Its telegenic prest-
government launched what it calls its
opposition.politiclans who sit atop layer
sources pour into East Germany; on the
dent, Is quite clearly the world's darling.
"leap to the market:' The government
upon layer of politicians and bureaucrats,
0
other hand; they fear becoming German
But the world's darling risks ending up one
slashed the budget, Including a wide range-
who may have changed their party affilia
1,
economic satellites.
of the world's economic orphans if it con-
of subsidles. It tightened the money supero,
tion but not necessarily their Marxist men-
II
Also, to a degree that ought to concern
tinues to delay hard decisions.
ply. It radically devalued the zloty.
It,
tality. In the rest of East Europe politi-
p
Americans, officials in all three countries
In Hungary's capital of Budapest a dif-
largely decontrolled prices, though not-
cal reformation runs only skin deep. But in
t
are surprisingly reconciled to the general
ferent kind of disillusionment is setting In.
yet-wages. It encouraged foreign compe-
*Poland there Is genulne political revolu-
Irrelevance of America to their Immediate
Hungary over the last decade managed to
tition at the risk of bankrupting state en-
tion.
economic futures. They may look to Amer-
move significantly further toward a mix of
terprises.
That revolution, of course, has been un-
Ica as a source of inspiration, but they
Marxism and market economics than any
The effects were predictably quick and
der way for nearly a decade-since Lech
Walesa and lils Solidarity movement first
challenged the monollthle power of the
Polish Communist Party. Here the pres-
sure for political change has come from
below-from shipyard workers rather than
playwrights.
Skeptics, and there are many, still ar-
gue that there is little In Poland's long his-
tory of division to justify much optimism
about transition to long-term democracy
and prosperity. But the facts support some
optimism. Few outsiders believed back in
the dark days of martial law suppression
of Solidarity that the movement could rise
again to challenge communist control.
More recently, many doubted whether the
Solidarity government would have the guts
to take what amounts to a free fall into
market economics. In each case, Poles
confounded skeptics.
With all they been through, Poles are
not dreamers about the future, but neither
are they whiners or worrlers about the
present. The clear impression is that they
have resolutely embarked on a rocky road
back from communism and that they mean
to see the journey through.
Ms. House is vice president, interna-
tional, of Dow Jones & Co., publisher of
The Wall Street Journal.
Photocopy-Preservation
OTHER
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL MONDAY, JUNE 19, 1989
A11
A Funeral in Budapest Restores Hungary's Pride
BUDAPEST-Hungarians waited more
confiscation. Such survivors, as many as
country on the 22nd, he walked into a So-
tively mild rebuke from Moscow. Ameri-
than 30 years for the funeral that took
the Cries of 'Fascism?
two million, are now also organizing for re-
viet trap and was taken to Romania. The
ca's. ambassador in Budapest, Mark
place Friday. The nation finally gave a
cognition and compensation.
next word of his fate came on June 17,
Palmer, plans to bring FIDESZ together
proper burial to its former prime minister,
Three of Nagy's four associates, all 40
1958, when the Hungarian government an-):
with President Bush during his visit here
was moved by Claudia Rosett's
us of the inherent nature of communist re-
Imre Nagy. four members of his govern-
years old at the time, were hanged. His
nounced that he, Gimes and Maleter were
July 11 to 13.
hic description of the brutal and tragic
gimes-persecution, repression and ter-
ment and more than 230 others executed
minister of state, Geza Losonczy, who be-
executed the previous day after being con-
The Bush visit is being eagerly antici-
ts in Tiananmen Square ("The Party
rorism aimed at people, often in
during the reprisals that followed the So-
gan a hunger strike in prison, is said to
demned on the 15th. Some believe Nagy
pated by Hungary's Communist regime. It
the Trigger," editorial page, June 5).
the name of the people With one eye on
viet invasion of November 1956.
have been choked to death on Dec. 21, 1957,
*could have saved himself by lining up be-
is facing multiparty elections within a
rtheless, I believe she is trying to
Beijing, we should turn the other toward
In splendid morning sunshine, 250,000
while being force-fed. Nagy's cabinet se-
hind Janos Kadar. who betrayed Nagy's
year. An internal division could dethrone
è a political point that is not applica-
Moscow. Dramatic events are unfurling
jammed Heroes' Square. With solemn mel-
cretary. Jozsef Szilagyi, was executed on
government when be vanished from Buda-
its chief, Karoly Grosz, even before the au-
She refers frequently to the demon-
there also amid starry euphoria
April 24, 1958, after a trial during which he
pest three days before the Russian inva-
tumn congress. In the aftermath of the fu-
'ors' hostility to communism. Yet she
among Western democracies-the same
1
Europe
condemned the Soviet intervention and the
sion and declared premier on No-
neral Washington has decided to offer 5-
"From the student loudspeaker
euphoria through which we saw China until
puppet regime it brought to power. The
vember 1. Mr. Kadar, whose signature ap-
year, instead of 2-year terms of most-fa-
e the stirring communist anthem, the
just a few weeks
By Peter Keresztes
legs of Nagy's defense minister, six-foot-
parently was stamped on Nagy's death
vored-nation trade status to the country
mationale, which the demonstrators
Our yearning for peace is SO strong that
five Pal Maleter, were broken, apparently
warrant, said recently that his conscience
and to grant certain investment insurance
ed many times that night.'
at times it clouds our vision of reality. It
S0 he would fit into his temporary burial
troubles him somewhat over the deed:
for U.S. corporations doing business
he says students moved toward
happened in the "detente" of the 1970s, and
odies by Schubert, Mozart and Beethoven,
crate. Miklos Gimes was an editor who af-
If so, that is something he hid well for
here.
1, shouting 'Fascists! Fascism! until
it may be happening again now. We look to
they heard a reading of the martyrs' list.
ter the Soviet invasion composed demands
the three decades of his rule, during which
That alone won't rescue the country's
soldiers again began shooting. (Ap-
Beijing and to Moscow with hope that
On the colonnade of Hungary's ancient
for the restoration of Nagy's government
1956 was a taboo topic. But since Mr. Ka-
1
economy. Hungary must pay 120% of its
ently they didn't shout: "Commie
eventually democracy will prevail, but we
kings, six banners of the Hungarian tri-
and for an independent and neutral Hun-
dar's ouster as party chief a year ago. the
export income to service its foreign debt.
's!") She makes no reference to the stu-
must remember that brutal totalitarian re-
color were stretched on a black backdrop.
gary. Maleter, Gimes and Nagy were put
subject has become current. With Mikhail
The standard of living is deteriorating. In
.its' demands for an end to corruption,
gimes are not easily transformed.
A hole in each symbolized the holes free-
to death 31 years ago Friday.
Gorbachev acknowledging SO many Com-
the capital one now sees the poor rummag,
d there is nothing in her account to show
MICHAEL A. ROSEN
dom fighters had left in 1956 when they
Nagy had started out as a docile con-
munist mistakes, the Hungarian party
ing in garbage bins for food. Headlines tell
at the students were opposed to commu-
Los Angeles
tore the socialist seals from Hungarian
formist in the Communist apparatus. As
could no longer deny the victims of 1956 a
1,28,000, people competing for fewer than
m per se. She adds that China's reform-
banners. A procession of mourners piled
interior minister in the 1940s he set up the
proper burial. As interest in the funeral
900 flats offered by the Budapest housing
inded party chief, Zhao Ziyang, had ex-
Going Nowhere Fast
flowers at the catafalque. Many foreign
secret police force, which in the end mur-
grew, some in the Communist party seized
authority. The country needs fundamental
ressed some sympathy for the students'
governments-but not Albania, China,
dered him. What set Nagy apart was a hu-
the opportunity to join. A government
changes, such as absolute property rights
mocratic demands. (That's Communist
Regarding your May 24 Centennial
North Korea and Romania-paid respects,
manitarian instinct and a tendency toward
statement declared that the party today is
and a price reform that frees rather than
carrying forth Nagy's reform politics. The
Photocopy-Preservation
party chief.")
Journal on Igor Sikorsky: Another interest-
as did representatives from Poland's Soli-
moderation: Nagy eulogized Stalin as "the
arbitrarily inflates prices. That is being
I'm concerned that here at home brutal-
ing aspect of Mr. Sikorsky's career is that
darity and Czechoslovakia's Charter 77.
great leader of all humanity"; but when
current prime minister, Miklos Nemeth,
avoided because it would create political
y is widely accepted as characteristic of
he built a huge, three-engined biplane in
The eulogies by the colleagues of Nagy,
Nagy first became prime minister in 1953,
and reformist Politburo member, Imre
heat that a weakling authoritarian regime
ommunism and that any kind of anti-com-
which Rene Fonck, the French World War
including Gen. Bela Kiraly, who directed
he dissolved the forced labor camps. He
Pozsgay, paid their respects Friday.
could not survive.
nunism is preferable by far. Thus, Presi-
ace, was to fly the Atlantic with a crew of
the Hungarian national guard's defense
accepted his own purge in 1955 and re-
This has caused some resentment. The
The nascent opposition still faces its
ent-Bush, in his otherwise commendable
three men. Reputedly, it had a bed, a stove
against Marshal Zhukov's attackers, were
mained faithful to the party line even after
representative of the independent youth or-
own difficulties. The nine alternative
atement denouncing the unrestrained use
for hot meals, two radios and red leather
concilliatory. They urged the nation to
the outbreak of the revolution in 1956.
ganization, FIDESZ, Victor Orban, said at
movements that have begun a dialogue
force in China, saw no evil in our sup-
upholstery. But the overloaded plane
seek independence, justice and democracy,
When the Idea of a multiparty system was
the funeral, We feel that we owe no grati-
with the party on how to hold the elections
at of fascism in Central America. Must
crashed during takeoff, killng two of the
not vengeance. Representatives of the or-
broached his response was, "Not while I
tode for the fact that after 31 years we
have difficulty agreeing among them-
be so intent upon beholding the beam in
crew.
ganizer, a major political opposition move-
live! He had a change of heart only after
may-bury our dead,-[the-party] deserves
selves They lack the organization, pro-
r brother's eye, that we consider not
Charles Lindbergh, rightfully believing
ment, the Democratic Forum, politely as-
he realized the depth of democratic senti-
no thanks for the fact that today our politi-
gram and candidates to be able to stage a
= huge mote in own eye?
that four men weren't necessary for flying
sisted the crowds. Unarmed police directed
ment. On Oct. 24, 1956. he became prime
cal organizations can operate.' Mr. Orban
Solidarity challenge." Nevertheless,
GEORGE J. BERNSTEIN
across the Atlantic, said he would have
traffic.
minister again-this time in the revolution-
called for forcing the party to submit to
the political gains Hungary has achieved in
empia Fields III.
ripped out all that extra weight in favor of
Among the six coffins was an empty
ary government.
free elections and suggested that "if we
the last 12 months are nothing short of as-
more fuel.
one, marked "Martyrs of '56." in memory
Nagy refused to believe the Soviets
don't lose sight of the ideals of 1956, we
tonishing. This past weekend Hungarians
Ms. Rosett eloquently describes the Chi-
THOMAS A. SOUSA
of the 230 still in unindentified graves.
were preparing an attack until the tanks
can elect a government that will Immedi-
regained their national pride
se fighting for reforms using rocks and
Palo Alto, Calif.
There have been countless other victims of
reached the city center on Nov 4. The Rus-
ately begin discussions for the withdrawal
tles against AK-47s and armored per-
political persecution over the, past 40
sians deposed him later that day, and he
of Russian troops. The statement, as well
Mr Keresztes is deputy editorial page
nel carriers. How different the story
Science US. Politics:
years. Those who escaped murder suffered
was given refuge at the Yugoslav em:
as anti- Soviet demonstrations organized by
editor of The Wall Street Journal/ Eu-
ght have been if Chinese citizens had the
internment, forced labor, deportation and
bassy. Assured safe passage from the
FIDESZ the night before, brought a rela-
rope.
ght to keep and bear arms.
Arrested Development
OTHER
A12 THE WALL STREET JOURNAL MONDAY, JUNE 19, 1989
Hungan
POLITICS & POLICY
Thrift Bailout Bill: The House's Tough Stance
acquisitions immediately. while the Senate
from S&L executives for the Democratic
a.
would delay them for two years so that
Congressional Campaign Committee,
of 4
sick S&Ls might find buyers.
which he heade from 1981 through 1986.
$7,000
In
The House vote Thursday saw the Dem-
The vote occurred on Rep. Coelho's last
nia
S&L
ex
Is Likely to Carry Into Negotiations With Senate
ocrats, once the industry's stalwart de-
fenders, desert their S&L campaign donors
in droves, according to a computer-aided
By PAULETTE THOMAS
-And BROOKS JACKSON
The Thrift Bill: The Three Plans
tabulation by The Wall Street Journal.
Low, level insurance rate
Of the top 18 recipients of S&L political
Staff Reporters of THE WALL STREET JOURNAL
WASHINGTON-The tough mood that
BUSH PLAN
HOUSE
SENATE
action committee money during the past
three elections, only one voted for the
prevailed in the House as it approved its
Minimum capital
amendment sponsored by Rep. Henry
savings and loan overhaul bill last week
guaranteed for 10 years
requirements, including
Hyde (R., III.) that would have relaxed
seems certain to carry over in its negotia-
good will (% of assets)
3-6%
3%
3%
tions with the Senate.
capital standards. He was Illinois Rep.
It's clear. as the House and Senate be-
Timetable for eliminating
Frank Annunzio of Chicago, until recently
Get affordable. level premium life insurance with Trendsetter Leve
gin selecting their committee negotiators
good will as capital
10 years
5'years
25 years
the headquarters of the U.S. League of
10 One low rate guaranteed not to increase for ten full years. Quality
Savings Institutions.;
protection from Transamerica, one of the countr insurance leaders.
this week, that the S&L industry can't look
Limits on
Must be sold
junk bonds
Mr. Annunzio, for years among the
to Congress for the sort of exemptions and
11% of portfolio
within 2 yrs.
11% of portfolio
Call
staunchest of the industry's allies on the
favors that it has historically been given in
for details
now 1-800-245-3322, Ext. 10A
How $50 billion
Borrowings by
past S&L legislation.
Treasury
Borrowings by
Banking Committee, received $29,660 in
TRENDSETTER LEVEL 10 POLICY
will be raised
quasi-government
borrowings
quasi-government
PAC funds. He remained loyal even while
Instead, when President Bush receives
Annual Premium For First 10 Years, Preferred Nonsmoker (1st Year, 10 years renewal premium)
agency
agency
other members who received more were
the $157 billion legislation this summer,
voting against the amendment. Banking
% $100,000 Policy
$250,000 Policy
probably before the August recess.- the
When banks may buy
Issue Age
1st Year*
Years 2-10
Ist Year*
Years 2-10
odds are heavy that it will more closely re-
healthy S&Ls
2 yrs.
Immediately
2 yrs.
Committee member Rep. Richard Lehman
30
Male
$138
S147
Sm255
$.
278
(D.: Calif.) received the most. $50.169, and
semble the House version, with tougher
Female
132
140
240
260
Aids low-income housing
No
Yes
No
was among the California Democrats who
rules regarding how an S&L must account
Male
203
219
418
458
unanimously voted down the Hyde amend-
40
Female
168
181
330
363
for its capital, what it may invest in, and
expected to be unusually large. House
Rudman deficit-reduction law, a precedent
ment.
Male
383
419
868
958
how far it may stray from its mission of
Banking Committee Chairman Henry Gon-
50
Photocopy-Preservation
the Bush administration is loath to set.
Republicans, on the other hand, were
Female
9314
343
695
768
home mortgage lending.
zalez ID., TexasT is likely to appoint senior
Treasury Secretary Nicholas Brady, re-
more likely to favor their S&L benefactors
60
Male
812
896
1,940
2,150
The Bush administration, jubilant over
members before including junior members
acting to the House vote, said he was dis-
Female
648
714
1,530
1,695
than were Democrats. GOP members who
the House bill's strict standards, even ap-
who are sympathetic to his views. The
appointed but stopped short of mentioning
Premiums shown reflect 10% reduction first year base premium rate when paid annually
voted with the S&L lobby got an average of
Includes policy fee ($60.00) Rates for preferred standard nonsmokers and
pears to be backing down in a dispute over
House must also appoint members from at
a veto. And House Democrats pushing for
$6,515, while Republicans who opposed the
available Graded Premium Whole Life Policy. Policy not railable in all jurisdictions Available through issue
the president's more, costly financing
75. After 10 years, premiums increase annually until 75
least four other committees that helped
their financing plan believe they have mo-
01
industry's position got somewhat less,
-
scheme, which was soundly thrashed in the
draft the bill. Members say privately that
mentum going into the conference.
"I
$4,809.
House.
To find out more about low, level insurance rates, call -800-245 3322 Ext. 10A
this will make it all but impossible to meet
think we are going to be able to persuade a
In' total, current House members re-
Or mail to: Transamerica Occidental Life Insurance Company,
"We're on a macho legislative trip
Speaker Thomas Folev's (D., Wash. Lob-
senator or two,' said Rep. Charles
ceived nearly $2.2 million in contributions
P.O. Box 15097, Los Angeles, CA 90015
down the road of toughness, said Rep.
ective of a compromise by July 4:
Schumer (D., N.Y.).
from thrifts and their trade associations
Thomas Ridge (R., Pa. ), who was on the
Name
The surest bet is that the strict account-
Likely conferees are also privately pre-
during the past three elections. Those who
Iosing side of an effort to relax the ac-
Address
ing rules approved by the House-which
dicting that the House bill prohibiting S&L
voted with the industry on the crucial capi-
counting-standards that emerged in the fi-
hundreds of S&Ls don't currently meet-
investment in high-yield-jun bonds will be
(City
Zip
nal House bill.
tal requirement issue received only
are likely to emerge in the final bill. As
moderated. Easing the restriction to 3% to
slightly higher contributions- average
Phone
That appraisal extends to the Senate
6% of a thrift's portfolio may be a compro-
Date of Birth
IRANSAMERICA
chamber. "The atmosphere in which the
House members grew jittery under gfow-
of $5,847 over the year period did
ing public scrutiny, in fact, it passed capi-
mise with the Senate's 11% limit.
those who voted "against the S&L lobby.
mail
Smoker
Nonsmoker
LIFE COMPANIES
conference begins is an atmosphere of
tal rules that are much tougher than those
Anothersplit thedifferencecompromise
The latter got an average of $5,563.
Male
Female
strictness, stringency and toughness," said
Kevin Gottlieb, staff director of the Senate
proposed in the Bush plan, which would
is likely on the issue of when bank holding
Among those who voted against the S&L
for
Insurance Broker.
have allowed some exemptions.
companies will be permitted to acquire
lobby was former Democratic Whip Tony
THE POWER OF THE PYRAMID
Banking Committee. "That is expected to
Amount Needed
YOU
have an impact on the discussions that OC:
The members looked at it from
healthy acquisitions prohibited by
Coelho (D., Calif.), who got $14,595 and
the
tware
current law. The House would allow those
cur between the two houses.
perception of how is this going to look in
who had raised many times that amount
To the surprise of most, the House legis-
the next election if I'm not tough here,
llation is more stringent than the Senate's
said Rep. William McCollum (R., Fla.
on the critical issue of how much private
who reversed his position to vote for the
capital a thrift must maintain to back its
tougher standard, despite its adverse
ef
assets. The Senate would allow non cash
fect on many Florida institutions:
intangibles, such as good will, to count as
More difficult to predict is how the con
some capital for 25 years, while the House
ferees will resolve differences in the com
would prohibit intangibles after five years.
plicated financing plan The Senate ap:
The House version has increased even
proved the Bush plan, which would use in
more than the Senate's how much a thrift
dustry bonds that wouldn't be carried on
musrinvest in home mortgages. A confron-
the federal budget.
tation also lies ahead on the House bill's
The House shrugged off an earlier veto
special breaks for low-Income home
threat and passed, 280-146, a plan to in-
buyers.' which the Senate rejected.
clude the cost of financing on the federal:
The shape of the final bill will be influ-
budget. The move lowers the final bailout
enced in part by who is appointed to the
cost by more than S5 billion, but it would
conference committee this week, which is
require an exemption from the Gramm-
THE WASHINGTON POST
INSIGHT
Tiänanmen: Two Months Later
The Myth of Tiananmen Square
The Students Talked Democracy, But They Didn't Practice It
By Sarah Lubman'
A
MERICA embraced the stu-
dent-led Chinese democracy
movement as a new wave of
change. But the awkward truth
about the movement, behind its fa-
miliar symbols, is that student dem-
onstrators' didn't understand the de-
mocracy they craved-and they
were even less able to put it into
practice.
The American response to the
Chinese democracy movement and
its suppression was based on the un-
derstandable but emotional assump-
tion that the students and their sup-
porters not only want the same kind
of political system we have, but, if
encouraged, would have gravitated
naturally towards it. Reporters cov-
ering the students during the days
DAVID McLIMANS FOR THE WASHINGTON POST.
leading up to the ultimate confron-
tation in Tiananmen square, occa-
resembled the communist state in
continuing a class boycott instead.
'AVANNS
sionally noted that the students' calls
structure as well as operation. The
She responded defiantly, "What kind
for democracy were nowhere near as
Self-Governing Association had a
of democracy is that, if I can't even
sophisticated as either U.S. sympa-
standing committee, liaison offices
give my opinion? It's no better than
thizers, or the paranoid Chinese gov-
with provincial students organiza-
the Cultural Revolution!"
ernment, wanted to believe. Even
tions and the foreign press, and a
Even students who have been in
more striking, to an observer of the
tireless propaganda department. The
the United States for some time can
activities in and around the square,
movement undoubtedly needed or-
find it hard to translate their yearn-
was the fact that in their pursuit of
ganization, but the form it took grew
ings for change into a specific polit-
democracy, the students created a
as bureaucratic as the adversary it-
ical platform. The director of Yale
self.
system much like the one they,
University's student-teaching pro-
wanted to reform.
A proposed draft for the Beijing
gram in China remarked recently
Left to their own devices, the stu-
University Autonomous Union,
that, despite their earnest desire for
dents created an overly bureaucrat-
posted on campus in late April, called
change, Chinese students and dissi-
ic, highly policed system which, like
for an advisory commission of elders
dents now in the United States are
similar to the commission which has
the old, operated on personal con-
also having trouble finding a common
been so active recently in the gov-
nections, or guanxi. Credentials to
voice and advancing their thinking
enter the inner sanctum and leaders'
ernment. A student who belonged to
beyond the totalitarian system that is
headquarters of the tent city could
the Gaozilian and who regularly at-
all they know.
tended its meetings complained that
The students can't be blamed for
be obtained through guanxi but could
little was actually accomplished. "We
just as easily be rejected if the wrong
recreating the old in the name of the
don't decide any policy. People just
new. The fault is not their own but
person was in charge on a particular
sit around arguing over who's going
lies with- a restrictive educational
day.
Security around the martyrs' me-
to fill what position and what their
system and years of indoctrination
responsibilities in the hierarchy
morial, the symbolic center of
which are proving hard to shake.
should be," he said on the morning of
Tiananmen square and the site of the
Their vagueness about democracy is
June 3.
the result of an educational system
students financial and propaganda
which presents, limited-and bi-
operations; was especially tight. On
S
ome student leaders realized
Fased-Information about the West.
one day in late May during the
the weakness of the move-
height of the hunger-strike-turned-
ment's intellectual underpin-
sit-in, even a signed pass bearing the
nings. But as one remarked, "People
official seal of the Beijing Students'
I
n an ominous indication of what
the future holds for the current
criticize us for being too vague, for
generation of college-age Chin-
Self-Governing Association (Gao-
not being specific enough about the
ese, an American academic visiting
zilian) wasn't enough to penetrate
kind of system we want. But just
Beijing University in late June was
security lines. Only the chance sight- making people conscious of democ-
told that courses the West are to
ing of a student with whom this re intracy is a big step for us
be reduced University students in
porter occasionally played volleyball,
That may be true. But the clearest
Beijing say that extra "political ed-
wand-who-had-aince-climbed-the ranks
indication of the students inability been added to
of the Tiananmen hierarchy, allowed
go beyond certain ideological barri-
the fall curriculum, and new admis-
entry into a press conference.
ers came from the language they
sions are to be halved.
What began as an efficient and
used to describe, their own move-
U.S. programs play an important
necessary security system degener-
ment.
role in keeping cultural and educa-
ated into a petty abuse of authority
In the May 4 issue of Beijing Uni-
tional channels open. Regrettably,
Security guards, originally posted to
versity's independent student news-
U.S. decisions to suspend some im-
protect the hunger strikers from in-
paper, one student wrote, The tide
portant exchange programs may in-
filtrators as well as the hordes of
of democracy allows no obstruction;
advertently aid the triumphant hard-
foreign press in town for Soviet lead-
all must comply with this trend. If
line regime's stepped-up attacks on
er Mikhail Gorbachev's visit, mul-
they will be condemned by his-
Western ideology. Important aca-
tiplied and became increasingly ag-
tory." One word has been changed,
demic exchanges, such as programs
gressive. When out-of-town students
but the rhetoric is the same as that
sponsored by the National Academy
donned red headbands and joined the
of Marxist arguments for the histor-
of Sciences, have been temporarily
security ranks, the problem grew
ical inevitability of socialism. Prop-
suspended to show opposition to the
worse, One security guard on the
aganda leaflets used similar lan-
government which so brutally
steps of the monument, asked who
guage.
slaughtered its own citizens. Despite
his superior was, replied in the man-
Students used the same vocabu-
the moral impetus behind these sus-
ner familiar to anyone who has had
lary among themselves. A student
pensions, such a response helps per-
the frustrating experience of dealing
leader, now a fugitive, once de-
petuate the very system it intends to
with the Chinese bureaucracy, "I
scribed fellow student leader Wuer
protest.
don't know. I'm only responsible for
Kaixi as "having no major errors in
China's veteran ideologues are
this step."
his thought." The notion of a single
already taking measures to limit ac-
The students' makeshift society
line of thought intolerant of any de-
cess to the West. America has few
viation is a familiar one, as veteran
means to counteract this crackdown.
Sarah Lubman was a student at
hardliners in Beijing have been force-
But restricting meaningful educa-
Hu,
Beijing University from last
fully reemphasizing. And in early
tional and cultural exchange pro-
ut
September until June. From April to
May, one Beijing University student
grams when they are needed most
July, she did free-lance reporting for
mag
was called a "traitor" for opposing an
only helps limit alternatives to Chi-
dent
The Washington Post in Beijing.
on-campus demonstration in favor of
na's existing system.
Photocopy-Preservation
PATRICK
BUCHANAN
Requiem
for kinder,
gentler
BUCHANAN
John Tower is the
From page D1
I
f a rising appreciation of Chris-
latest casualty of a
tian sobriety and the sanctity
Tower, continue to insist that we pay
of marriage were propelling
annual homage at the altar of Dr.
savage new
the lynching of John Tower,
Martin Luther King Jr., whose wom-
there might be redeeming social
anizing washotorious?
partisanship.
value to this sorry soap opera.
Of the làst five Democratic presi-
But there is not. Among those
dents, three, Franklin D. Roosevelt,
about to cast stones at their old col-
Mr. Kennedy and Lyndon B. John-
morality; he is the latest casualty of
league are some of the most compul-
son, had extramarital affairs; and
a savage new partisanship.
sive boozers and satyrs in the U.S.
two, Harry S. Truman and LBJ, had
Whatever the origin of Georgia
Senate, and among those standing
the same familiarity with the sauce
Sen. Sam Nunn's concern about Mr.
alongside Mr. Tower are senators
as Mr. Tower. How can members; of
Tower, when - after Mr. Tower gave
whose private lives are models of
the Senate majority look at them-
his word he would-give up alcohol -
probity, sobriety and rectitude.
selves in the mirror if they ruin Mr.
Sam switched his argument to con-
Conceding he had been a heavy
Tower's career for personal failings
flict of interest, he gave the game
drinker in the 1970s, that he had not
or character flaws common to their
away. President Bush should reflect
always been faithful to his marriage
own greatest heroes?
long and hard at what has happened
vows, Mr. Tower threw up a chal-
There has long been a tradition in
here.
lenge Wednesday
the U.S. Senate that if a man' was
Accepting this city's thesis that
to the people
qualified for a Cabinet appointment
President Reagan's problems with
about to destroy
and if his personal behavior did not
his public career:
Congress stemmed from the com-
impede the performance of his of-
bativeness and partisanship of his
"I accept that the
fice, he would be approved. The
more ideological followers, George
secretary of de-
president was as entitled to have his
Bush offered Congress a new deal.
fense. must ad-
own men in the executive branch as
He held out the hand of friend-
here to a higher
members of Congress were to hire,
ship; he opened up his house; he de-
standard than
and fire, congressional staff
clared he would never question their
members of the
motives; he even endorsed their out-
U.S. Senate. But,
my question is,
A
gain, if the Senate's opposition
rageous pay raise. His payment: The
how much lower
to Mr. Tower bespoke newer,
Senate Democratic majority is
higher standards for all ap-
about to give Mr. Bush an unprec-
an acceptable
standard is there
John Kennedy
pointees to public office, it would be
edented political insult - rejection
defensible. But that is not the case.
of a first Cabinet appointment on the
for members of the Senate?'
There is no indication the Senate in-
unprecedented grounds of personal
Apparently, however, when it
tends to hold itself to the standard by
morality.
comes to hypocrisy, there is no depth
which it is denouncing and con-
With its vote, the Senate Armed
the Democratic majority will not ex-
demning John Tower. There is no in-
Services Committee sent Mr. Bush a
plore.
dication that the Democratic major-
quasi-ultimatum. The price of peace
Consider. These same Demo-
ity now wishes the Senate Ethics
with Congress, Mr. President, is veto
cratic senators about to terminate
Committee to take up charges of phi-
power over appointments and policy
Mr. Tower's career over allegations
landering and drinking against its
decisions. Just as Jim Wright took
of drinking and philandering, to a
own membership. There is no evi-
Central America away from Pres-
man, celebrate the memory of John
dence these pious judges of the per-
ident Reagan, Sam Nunn now wants
F. Kennedy Yet, within days of Mr.
sonal morality of John Tower have
the Pentagon portfolio.
Kennedy's election in 1960, his clos-
the least intention of imposing the
The time is coming when Mr.
est aide declared, "This administra-
same standards on themselves.
Bush is going to have to choose: be-
tion is going to do for sex what Eisen-
When all 11 Democrats on the
tween getting along with Congress,
hower did for golf"; and JFK made
Senate Armed Services Committee
and remaining true to his constit-
good on that commitment.
vote to reject the nominee approved
uency; between good relations with
How can one consistently and
by all nine Republicans, the stan-
the City of Washington, and fidelity
credibly deny Mr. Tower the Depart-
dard of judgment is not ethical, but
to the people who elected him.
ment of Defense for allegations of
womanizing and continue to insist
political. John Tower is not the hap-
Goodbye, kinder, gentler; hello, us
that JFK be held up as a paragon of
less victim of a resurgent, stricter
and them.
political virtue? How can the same
Democrats, about to destroy John
see BUCHANAN, page D4
Patrick J. Buchanan is'a nation-
ally syndicated columnist.
Photocopy-Preservation
5/19/89
THE WASHINGTON POST
Charles Krauthammer
Why Play Gorbachev's Game?
Today's conventional wisdom, repeated daily
threatened to violate the INF Treaty and stop
by the nation's herd of independent minds, is
dismantling Soviet missiles. It is inconceivable
that the administration has been timid, slow,
that ân American secretary of state could ever
entirely inadequate in responding to the Gorba-
make such a threat or ever carry it out.
chev challenge. The cry, left, right and center, is
But the best reason for not making unilateral
for a foreign policy of boldness and vision..
American concessions is that we do not have to.
The complaint starts with the Bush style: In the
We are not in economic crisis. We are not
face of a virtuoso performance by the traveling
reeling from the ruin of a newly acquired
Gorbo circus-like the wholly insignificant and
external empire of Afghanistan, Angola, Cambo-
breathlessly received SNF (short-range nuclear
dia, Ethiopia, Mozambique and Vietnam. We are
forces) cuts he announced last week-the presi-
not spending 13 to 19 percent of GNP on
dent's PR has been woeful. Sure, he unveiled a
defense. (We spend 6.7 percent.) We have not
carrot-and-stick policy toward Poland and Eastern
by foolish overmilitarization-the Soviets explic-
Europe at Hamtrainck. Sure, he has advanced
itly admit. this in their own press-created an
proposals for drastic asymmetrical cuts in conven-
opposing alliance that includes all the great
tional arms in Europe. Sure, last week at Texas
powers of the world. We are winning. It is the
A&M, he outlined a new post-Cold War vision of
Soviets who are suing for peace in the Cold War.
the "integration of the Soviet Union into the
It is for suers to make unilateral concessions.
community of nations." But the perception, you
In the Texas speech, Bush said that the
see, is that he is footdragging, and perceptions are
United States will respond if the Soviets meet
ultimately what count in the politics game.
Savor the irony. After eight years of cater-
certain tests of good faith. Arthur Schlesinger
wauling about Reagan's Wizard of Oz, percep-
Jr. is dismayed. "How would we like it if Mr.
Gorbachey laid down tests for ITS?" he asks. We
tion-is-reality, media manipulation, the press is
would not like it, but who cares? Liking is not a
now demanding it, in the name of national
particularly useful category of thought in inter-
security, no less. Without a blush or a memory,
national relations. We wrote Japan's constitu-
the press is now on Bush's tail for poor Deaver-
tion. Would we have liked it if they had written
ism: no stage presence, weak backdrops, lousy
ours? In this same article, Schlesinger insists
scheduling. Bush goes to Texas and gives one of
that we have won the Cold War. Well, when you
the most important foreign policy speeches of
win a war, you do not care one way or the other
the decade, and the host of one political talk
whether the loser likes your conditions. What is
show is obsessed with the fact that he gave it at
important is that he respond to them.
4 p.m. Friday, bad for sound-bite coverage.
When the complainers get around to sub-
And for PR, Bush has allowed his foreign
stance, the charge is timidity. Bush is not
policy to be called "status quo plus." It is the right
advancing bold and decisive enough negotiating
idea (when the other guy is committing suicide,
positions. Translated, this generally means that
stand aside) but a tough sell. He should send for
Bush has adopted an incorrect position on SNF
the genius who invented the term "affirmative
in Europe. The Bush (and British) policy is that
action" and get him to think up a virile, New
SO long as the Soviets maintain a vastly superior
Frontier-like name to embellish the Bush foreign
conventional force in Europe, we need to mod-
policy. Washington-pining for Reagan, yearning
ernize our few remaining nuclear weapons
for show-will hall him as a statesman.
there. The Germans, who inhabit the battlefield
for these SNF nukes (that is the price a nation
pays for starting World War II), are naturally
anxious to get rid of them. They are, therefore,
pushing hard for immediate SNF negotiations.
That is not surprising. What is surprising is
that so many Americans, from Paul Nitze to Joe
Biden, take their view. It is a prescription for
political grief. We know exactly what the Soviets
want from any SNF negotiations: their elimina-
tion. After all, the Soviets, being a continental
European power and conventionally superior, do
not need short-range nukes to deter war in
Europe. We do. Which is why they are the last
thing that we should be trading away.
If we cave in to the German position, it will be
the first. SNF negotiations will be short. Much
shorter than the negotiations on conventional
arms, which are immensely complicated and
harder to verify. With an SNF agreement in.
sight, and conventional talks dragging on, Bi-
den's next op-ed piece will write itself: "The
intransigence of the Bush administration, nig-
gling over details of conventional arms reduc-
tion, is today holding up the promise of a Central
Europe entirely free from the nuclear night-
mare. How long can we tolerate
The other conventional wisdom complaint
against Bush is his failure to respond to Gorba:
chev's (announced) unilateral concessions-
troop and nuke reductions in Europe- with
Photocopy-Preservation
unilateral concessions of his own. But doing so
would be strategically stupid. Russia is a Euro-
pean power. Only by accident, not by nature is
America European power, When we pack to
go home, we will not be coming back, absent a
Pearl Harbor II. The Soviets. when they will
S&Ls, a problem Congres.
"solved" with a $166 billion bailoa
We hear that HUD Secretary Jack
iS
"-
1
ACM
congress
L.
Kemp is toying with going along with
solving, not ignoring.
L
MIN WAGE Asides 11/11/89
W+
rie
in
pr
Minimum Consistency
White House had enough votes to sus-
m
Earlier this year, President Bush
tain a veto but chose to avoid a con-
C
made a final "take-it-or-leave it" of-
frontation. The only permanent losers
Sa
fer on the minimum wage: an in
will be the 200,000 or SO workers ev:
un
eryone agrees will be priced out of a
V.
crease to $4.25 an hour over three
S!
years, and only if accompanied by a
job at the $4.25 rate Congress is likely
a
lower wage for the first six months of
to approve today. It is compromises
E
a job. Now, the White House has de-
such as this that convince Washing
1
cided to accept the higher wage over
ton's liberals that if they simply stay
I
only two years. The sub-minimum
the course, this administration will
wage. would apply only to first time
stray from its own course on this and
teen-age workers for 90 days. The
other issues.
Photocopy-Preservation
Photocopy-Preservation
INTERNATIONAL
Gorbachev Criticizes Bush on Pace
should be torn down.
Mr. Gorbachev, however, without di-
rectly mentioning Berlin, said "specific
Of Nuclear-Arms Cuts in Europe
difficulties" in the Soviet-West German re-
lationship shouldn't stand in the way of the
common interests of the two nations and of
tics as Mr. Kohl fights to retain his party's
Europe. Perhaps to reassure his allies, the
Soviet Leader Opens Visit
grip on power-and perhaps his own job-
Soviet leader also praised the contribution
prior to European elections Sunday and na-
of the East German leadership to main-
To West Germany to Say
tional elections next year.
taining peace and stability in Europe.
Mr. Gorbachev was careful to praise
Mr. Gorbachev is the most popular for-
Delays Aren't Fruitful
Mr. Kohl's positive and concrete contribu-
eign leader ever in West Germany, as was
tion to disarmament, saying that NATO for
demonstrated in Bonn when he arrived
the first time has stopped dismissing So-
yesterday. In contrast to the trip just two
viet initiatives out of hand. But he was
By PETER GUMBEL
weeks ago by President Bush, who was
And THOMAS F. O'BOYLE
scathing about the substance of President
generally ignored by citizens except for a
Staff Reporters of THE WALL STREET JOURNAL
Bush's proposals, which U.S. and West
few isolated protests, people flocked to see
BONN-Soviet leader Mikhail Gorba-
German officials at the time hailed as an
the Soviet leader.
chev, seeking to reopen a divisive squabble
important compromise.
As he drove to the residence of West
in the NATO alliance, criticized President
'Both in the text and between the lines,
German President Richard von Weiz-
Bush's recent arms initiatives and said
[the NATO document] contains a lot of
saecker for an official welcoming cere-
there is no basis to delay talks over short-
goal-setting and methods of approach that
mony, several hundred pedestrians
range nuclear weapons
are inherited from the period of confronta-
crowded by the front: gate to catch a
Mr. Gorbachev's remarks, made in a
tion, he said. Although welcoming the
glimpse. Mr. Gorbachev responded with a
dinner speech on the first day of his offi-
U.S. decision to cut troops in Europe, he
wave from his black Zil limousine.
cial visit to West Germany, were his first
snidely qualified his praise by suggesting
During his visit, Mr. Gorbachev will see
reaction to the recent NATO summit, at
that the move was long overdue. And he
more of the country than he usually does
which Bonn and Washington papered over
dismissed the U.S.-German compromise
on his trips abroad. Following his political
their differences on nuclear forces in Eu-
formula linking the start of talks on short-
talks today, he is scheduled to address a
rope.
range nuclear arms to the end of talks on
group of leading German industrialists in
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization
conventional forces, saying parallel negoti-
Cologne.?
agreed at the summit in Brussels to delay
ations would be the quickest way to over-
However, his official program has been
negotiations on the
come the anachronism of military con-
curtailed, leaving him with a considerable,
reduction of short
frontation in Europe
amount of free time. This has somewhat
range nuclear mis
Mr. Kohl, in his dinner speech preced-
damped the II pre summit euphoria in
siles until talks are
ing Mr. Gorbachev's, briefly touched on
Bonn and prompted speculation that the
concluded with the
the issue, saying talks on short range nu-
Soviet leader needs to keep in close con-
Soviet-led Warsaw
clear weapons should start "as soon as
tact with events taking place back home.
Pact on cutting con-
possible.¹ He urged Mr. Gorbachev to
ventional forces in
speed the process by making further re-
In an editorial, the influential Frank
Europe But Mr
ductions in Soviet conventional forces in
furter Allgemeine Zeitung newspaper con-
order to ease the "particularly threaten-
cluded that domestic problems such as eth-
Gorbachev, whose
ing" superiority of the Warsaw Pact.
nic unrest and food shortages may make
warm welcome in
Bonn yesterday was
During their first meeting, a 70-minute
him vulnerable. "Measured by his suc-
session in the chancellor's office that was
cesses SO far, Gorbachev's chances aren't
a clear demonstra-
tion of his enormous
attended only by interpreters and two
good, the conservative paper said. "The
popularity in Ger-
aides, Mr. Gorbachev and Mr. Kohl both
West can try to help, but it must always be
Mikhail Gorbachev
prepared for the possibility that this bold
many, sought to cap-
outlined in general terms their positions on
italize on continuing unease here about the
a range of international and bilateral is-
experiment could end one day as suddenly
concentration of nuclear weapons on Ger-
sues. Both sides termed the talks "friendly
as it began.'
man soil.
and constructive," but made clear that
"The question of the complete elimina-
more substantive discussions will take
tion of tactical nuclear means must not be
place today. They are expected to issue a
removed from the agenda," he told a grim-
joint political declaration that is being
looking Chancellor Helmut Kohl. "We are
touted as the highlight of Mr. Gorbachev's
convinced that there is no reason to post-
four-day stay in West Germany.
pone the negotiations."
Despite the show of friendship and good
Polls show that some 70% of the Ger-
will on the first day, the two leaders
man public favor immediate negotiations
clearly remain at odds over one of the
to at least reduce the numbers of short-
trickiest questions of their relationship:
Offer Ends June 30th C
range missiles, most of which are based in
the status of Berlin and ties between the
Germany. Many were disappointed by the
two German states. Mr. Kohl called the
NATO decision. The issue has assumed in-
separation of East and West Germany "an
creasing importance in West German poli-
open wound," and said the Berlin Wall
386/DEMOS
AN
APOLOGY
Better Than New, For Thousands Less
Ultra
High
BUSH DISCOVERS THE 'LID': President Bush, stroll-
ing from Oval Office to White House residential quarters
Tuesday evening, questioned why reporters still were hang-
ing around the press office. He was told they hadto wait for
him to leave and his staff to declare the "lid." He asked
what a lid was and was told one of his aides announces it
each evening, via telephone hooked up to press room loud-
speakers. It signals there'll be no more news that day. Ap-
parently intrigued, Bush asked for the phone, and at 6:40
p.m. startled reporters heard his voice booming from the
speakers: "Ladies and gentlemen of the press, the president
having gone home for the day, there is a lid on."
Photocopy-Preservation
THE WASHINGTON POST
WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 16, 1989 F3
STUART AUERBACH
The Pacific Economic Compact: Bob Hawke's Plan Moves It Closer to Reality
or decades, academics and business executives
compact should come in November, when Australia will
neighbors, to take a leadership role in an Asian economic
moves to the West by Soviet President Mikhail
have touted the vision of a Pacific economic
host an exploratory meeting of trade and foreign
community.
Gorbachev created a new urgency to strengthen
community, binding that vast region together in a
ministers of major nations in the region. Baker and U.S.
But Asian nations, with still-vivid memories of Japan's
democratic and free market institutions across the
way that could approximate the European Common
Trade Representative Carla Hills are expected to attend
attempt to conquer the region militarily during World
Pacific as the glue that held them together-the fear of
Market.
for the United States.
War II, are fearful of the newfound Japanese economic
Soviet expansionism-is abating.
The idea has had to overcome the vast economic,
Canada will be there also, as will Japan, South Korea,
muscle and have no desire to see Tokyo become the
The official placed the Pacific initiative in the context
political, social and cultural diversity of the nations of the
Australia and New Zealand. It remains unclear just how
dominant power of the Pacific.
of a series of moves by the Bush administration to take
Pacific rim-which stretches in a vast arc from the West
many of the ASEAN nations-Brunei, Indonesia,
For that reason, many Asianinations opposed the
the lead in a new international environment in which the
Coast of the Americas through Southeast Asia to Korea,
Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand-will
original Hawke plan because it excluded the United
threat from Moscow no longer is the driving force. At
Japan and Australia. Pulling together these disparate
attend. Since the meeting is limited to free market
States but included Japan. They made it clear they
the NATO summit, for instance, President Bush
parts is far harder than creating a Common Market from
economies, China was not invited. And out of sensibility
wanted Washington involved to act as a counterweight to
stressed new missions for the Western alliance in the
Europe, a process that has been in progress for 30 years.
to China's claims on their territory, neither were Hong
Tokyo in any Pacific grouping.
areas of the environment, nuclear proliferation and
Under pressures of emerging trade blocs in Europe
Kong or Taiwan, even though they are economic forces
The idea of a Pacific compact appealed to Baker when
regional issues. And in Asia, the administration is
and North America, however, a limited version of a
Pacific economic compact now appears at hand. Australia
in the region.
he was Treasury secretary, and he was planning for a
seeking new ways to demonstrate that the United States
Australian Prime Minister Bob Hawke was picked as
Pacific economic conference before he resigned a year
intends to remaim engaged in a leadership role in the
and Japan favor it, as does the United States. Secretary
Pacific in spite of the Japan's economic muscle.
of State James A. Baker III, who is pushing the idea as a
host because he was responsible for the latest revival of
ago to run the Bush presidential campaign. Although he
way to foster democratic, free-market values in Asia, has
a Pacific compact in a speech last January. He acted
never publicly offered his plan, Baker was leaning toward
In his Asia Society speech and in a meeting last month
called it "an idea whose time has come."
largely out of concerns that the world was dividing itself
a grouping that would encompass the United States,
with ASEAN foreign ministers, Baker tried to ease
"For the first time there is real momentum and
into trading blocs that would leave his nation standing
Japan and the four industrialized countries of
concerns that a new Pacific organization would create a
support in the governments for it," said R. Sean
alone. To counter that, he devised a plan that would
Asia-Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan.
new trade bloc that could undermine existing free trade
Randolph of the Pacific Basin Economic Council, a
wrap Australia-a nation populated largely by
As secretary of state, Baker repackaged his idea in a
compacts.
private organization based in San Francisco.
immigrants from Britain that traditionally has looked
major speech last June to the Asia Society in New York
He didn't fully succeed. The ASEAN meeting was
The fast-growing countries of the Association of
more toward Europe than to its Asian neighbors-more
in which he called for "a new Pacific partnership"
marked by attacks by European officials who were upset
Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) have expressed
closely into the fast-growing Pacific economic
involving an area of the world in which U.S. economic
that the EC would not be included in the regional
reservations, fearful that their six-nation grouping would
framework.
interests were growing. A historic shift took place early
grouping. "We do not like the creation of trading blocs,"
be swamped by the more powerful economies on either
His concerns stemmed from the signing in January of
in the 1980s, when U.S. trade across the Pacific for the
said Edwige Avice, a French Foreign Ministry official.
edge of the Pacific rim. They also fear that a Pacific
the U.S.-Canada free trade agreement, which Australia
first time became larger than trade across the Atlantic
But the real test will come in November when
economic organization would undermine international
feared would emerge as a North American trading bloc;
with its traditional partners in Europe. By 1988,
reluctant ASEAN nations will have to decide whether to
free trade rules that they depend on to allow them to sell
the creation of an integrated market within the 12-nation
trans-Pacific trade totaled $271 billion-far more than
accept the Hawke invitation or not. Without a large
their products around the world.
European Community, and movements by Japan, which
the $186 billion in U.S. trade across the Atlantic.
representation from ASEAN, the compact will die
Nonetheless, the first manifestation of the new Pacific
has been investing in the economies of its Asian
A senior administration official suggested that the
stillborn.
Photocopy-Preservation
So far, neither Mr. Bush nor Mr. Darman
has demonstrated a determination to tackle
the problem. Instead, they joined Con-
gress in seeking ever more artful ways to
avoid It by adopting one-time savings and
URNAL.
accounting gimmicks.
To be sure, the deficit has declined in the
past few years. But that decline is entirely
the result of a rising surplus in the Social
Security trust fund. That money should be
invested to help defray the future retirement
costs of the baby boomers; instead, it is be-
ing used to paper over the deficit. That's
yet-another symptom of Mr. Darman's na-
WHITE OAK, MARYLAND
tional now-now-ism.
In his speech, Mr. Darman praised Presi-
dent Bush for his new plan to send men to
The Outlook
Mars. But that announcement was a symp-
tom of the very problem that Mr. Darman
decries. The cost of the program will be
Dick Darman
some $400 billion over the next 30 years, and
the White House hasn't given a hint of where
Wants His Maypo!
that much money might bei found.
At a breakfast meeting last week, Mr.
Darman again cited the Kennedy adminis-
VASHINGTON
tration as the model! Taxes, asia percentage
If President Bush is still having
problems with the "vision "thing," he
25 Years Later
may want to look across the street to
Percent of GNP
his budget director, Richard Darman.
1963
1988
In a recent speech, Mr. Darman gave a
Total spending
18.9%
22.3%
sweeping diagnosis of the ills afflicting
American society and offered the out-
Social Security
lines of a vision for the future
and Medicare
2.6
6.2
Unlike most people in Washington, the
Other spending
16.3
16.1
budget director writes his own speeches. He
spends hours turning over phrases in his
Total receipts
18.1%
19.1%
mind and wakes in the middle of the night to
Social Security
scratch down thoughts on the pad at his bed-
and Medicare
3.4
7.0
side table. His staff says that months before
this speech, Mr. Darman had them chasing
Other receipts
14.7
12.1
after tidbits of pop-culture trivia to be used
in illustrating his points.
of the nation's total,output, were lower dur-
The theme of the speech was that
ing the Kennedy years, he argued. And yet
America is suffering from a cultural
the budget was closer to balance, and twice
now now-ism"- a "short-hand label for
as much money, as a percentage of GNP,
our collective short-sightedness, our ob-
was being spent on space. If President Ken-
session with the here and now; our re-
nedy could do it, why can't we?
luctance to address the future." The en-
The answer to that question is found be-
tire nation, he charged, is like the
hind the budget numbers. Spending has
spoiled child In the '50s commercial who
soared in the past 2½ decades, from 18.9%
screams: "I want my Maypo! I want it.
of the nation's output to 22.3%. But all of
NOW!"
that can be accounted for by the increase in
The manifestations of cultural now-now-
the two.programs that care for the elderly-
ism, he suggests, are everywhere. Rising
Social Security and Medicare. If you exclude
drug abuse is a sign that young people care
those two programs, the picture looks very
too much about the next two hours and too
different. Spending is roughly unchanged,
little about the next two decades. The de-
while taxes have dropped.
cline in education reflects a society lacking
Can we return to Camelot? The budget
a commitment to future generations. The
numbers make It clear that such a move
nation's economic problems stem from a
would require action on one of two fronts.
culture that favors current consumption
Either the soaring cost of programs for the
over long-term savings, and institutions that
elderly must be drastically contained or
"feel obliged to chase near-term financial
taxes to pay for the rest of government must
plays.
be increased. President Bush and Mr. Dar-
To Mr. Darman, the "pre-eminent sym-
man have pledged to do neither; a politi-
bol of public policy commitment to the fu-
cally acceptable solution would probably
ture" is the space program. He delivered his
have to involve some of both.
speech on the 20th anniversary of Neil Arm-
At the end of his speech, Mr. Darman
strong's walk on the moon, and he praised
warned against the dangers of focusing too
President Kennedy's expansive vision in
much on the budget deficit. The American
launching the moon program. The current
Dream," he said, "is not meant to be fil-
generation seems to have lost that vision, he
tered through green eyeshades." Fair point.
lamented, and "moonwalking" has become
But the American Dream also shouldn't be
a Michael Jackson dance that gives the ap-
offered up as a free lunch. If the president
pearance of forward movement, but is actu-
is serious about his plans for sending a man
ally a backward slide.
to Mars, he'd better start thinking of ways
For all its fun metaphors and fine
to pay for it. Otherwise, he may start sound-
rhetoric, however, Mr. Darman's speech
ing like that kid in the Maypo ad.
was tarnished by more than a touch of
ALAN MURRAY
deceit. The budget director's first re-
sponsibility, after all, is the budget. And
the budget's massive deficits over the
past decade provide the most brazen
symbol of the nation's fallure to tend to
the future.
Photocopy-Preservation
But in private; relations between Fed
Chairman Alan Greenspan and Treasury
Secretary Nicholas Brady, in particular,
have been severely strained by Mr.
Brady's continual prodding for easier
credit, officials say. Michael Boskin, the
chairman of the, President's Council of
Economic Advisers, enjoys better rapport
with the Fed chairman but has also kept
the heat on. President Bush himself has
also weighed in with the Fed chairman on
50 CENTS
several occasions, meeting with him in the
Oval Office and gently urging an easier
credit policy.
Hard Economics
Public Fight Possible
If the economy slows further, the ten-
sions are bound to' multiply, and the
Even a 'Soft Landing
closed-door skirmishes may turn into open
battle. "It may become necessary in the
Could Prove Painful,
future to go public;" one administration of-
ficial confides.
The Bush team has made no secret of
Hurt Administration
its view that ai Fed-engineered soft landing
isn't necessary to keep inflation under con-
trol. The administration's current forecast
Tension Grows as President
shows real growth softening only slightly,
to a 2.6% pace next year, and then return-
And Aides Push the Fed
ing to 3%-plus in subsequent years. Mr.
Boskin says such a forecast is "consistent
To Ease Its Credit Policy
with stabilizing, and eventually falling, in-
flation And Budget Director Richard
Darman insists that "neither at recession
What Bush Needs: Perfection
or a soft landing is inevitable:'
But in the battle over economic policy,
the Fed:holds most of the cards. Adminis-
By ALAN MURRAY
tration officials have little power to Influ-
Staff Reporter of THE WALL STREET JOURNAL
ence the economy over the next year and a
WASHINGTON-Fasten your seat belts.
half, but the Fed can do a great deal by
The much-heralded "soft landing" may in-
manipulating short-term interest rates. If
clude some hard knocks-not just in the
the central bank is determined to slow eco-
economy, but at the White House.
nomic growth to less than 2%, it can.
Economic growth so far this year has
Indeed, many economists believe that
skidded to a 1.7% annual rate. And the
the Fed's tight-money policies earlier this
Federal Reserve's latest forecast suggests
year have already set the stage for not just
that growth will slow further, hovering be-
a soft landing but a full-fledged recession.
tween 1% and 1.5% through the middle of
And at least one Fed official agrees.
next year. That's just the sort of "soft
landing" many economists and Wall Street
Crash Landing?
investors hope for.
"The next six months or SO are
But behind that benign-sounding expres-
cooked," says Fed Governor Martha
sion lies a painful truth: Even a soft land-
Seger, who has tended to favor an easier
ing-with its benefits of avoiding both a re-
monetary policy than most other gover-
cession and a surge in inflation-would in-
nors. "It's going to be very difficult to land
flict a lot of pain. It could throw half a
the aircraft in a nice; gentle way. Instead,
million people onto the unemployment
we may take a wing off.
rolls, according to Data Resources Inc. It
Right now, one thing that seems clear is
could cut $30. billion out of corporate
that the economy is slowing. In the second
profits. And it could shave $800 off the an-
quarter, growth hit its lowest level in
nual income of the average American fam-
nearly three years. And while the White
ily.
House ponders the effects on its revenue
And just as important to President
forecasts and on the 1990 congressional
Bush, such a slowdown could quickly bal-
elections, the "soft landing" already looks
loon the budget deficit by as much as $25
like anything but to many Americans.
billion, threatening his "read my lips"
"We're not going to have a recession in
campaign pledge against a tax increase.
the technical sense, but it's going to be
Mounting Pressures
very unpleasant for certain key sectors
For the White House, in short, the Fed's
and key companies," says Walter Joelson,
projection isn't good. enough. With mid-
the chief economist at General Electric Co.
term congressional elections approaching
'For many, many people, it will feel like a
and other pressures mounting, the admin-
recession." The auto and home-building in-
istration needs more than a soft landing. It
dustries have already been hard hit.
needs a perfect landing
Mary Rider, whose Oldsmobile dealer-
"You're going to see increasing tension
ship just outside Richmond, Va., began lig-
between the administration and the Fed-
uidation proceedings: July 12, says as far
eral Reserve," says William Niskanen, the
Please Turn to Page A4, Column 1
president of the CATO Institute in Wash-
ington. "This will jeopardize Bush's whole
budget strategy."
Already, the tensions are evident. In
public comments, White House officials
have studiously avoided criticizing the
Fed. Aware of the political sensitivities in-
volved, Fed Vice Chairman Manuel John-
son and other administration allies have
told the White House that public pressure
only: makes It harder to get the Fed's inde-
pendent-minded regional-bank presidents
to go along. with the president's wishes.
Photocopy-Preservation
Business Day
D1
6/29/89
The New York Times
Time Inc.
Comparing Health Care Systems
Meeting
U.S.
EXAMPLES OF DIFFERING
10%
INVESTMENTS IN
TECHNOLOGY
Is Allowed
Population
Population
Units Per Unitt
Units Per Unitt
Canada
Cardiac Catherization Labs
31
816
1.500
166
Stock Falls $6;
Diagnosis and treatment of
cardiovascular disease
Paramount Rises
HEALTHSPENDING
4
6,325
228
1,096
Lithotripters
ASA PERCENTAGE
Pulverize kidney stones
In Active Trading
OF G.N.P.
and gallstones
12
2,108
-1,375
182
Magnetic Resonance Imagers
By STEPHEN LABATON
Diagnosing a wide range
of diseases
Special to The New York Times
'73 '75 '77 '79 '81 '83 '85
WILMINGTON, Del. June 28 A
Delaware chancellor today declined
Estimate
In thousands
Source: Canadian Health and Welfare Ministry, U.S. Health Care Financing Administration
to block the annual stockholders
meeting of Time Inc., which is sched-
uled for Friday.
The ruling came in response to a
Debating Canadian Health 'Model'
suit by three major stockholders, who
contended that Time's directors had
not adequately kept them and other
shareholders informed of their rea-
lags behind that in the United States,
soning in rejecting takeover offers
The result can be longer waits for
from Paramount Communications
By MILT FREUDENHEIM
certain kinds of care.
Inc. and moving instead to buy War-
"They really believe in equity and
ner Communications Inc.
Special to The New York Times
equal access and are willing to go
Chancellor William T. Allen made
TORONTO - Executives at the
without some things that we take for
clear during the hourlong hearing
Ford Motor Company are dismayed
granted, said Senator David F.
that he did not think his ruling had
that the auto maker is spending the
Durenberger, Republican of Minneso-
any bearing on how he might address
equivalent of $311 a vehicle for health
ta; and vice chairman of a Senate
the larger issues in the takeover bat-
care for its American employees,
House commission on comprehensive
tle
while in Canada, a half-hour drive
health care, after a visit here recent-
He has scheduled a hearing for July
from Ford's headquarters in Michi-
ly. The kind of rationing they have is
11 on Paramount's suit, which asserts
gan, the cost is $49.80.
the same kind we should have. Rather
that Time has engaged in illegal de-
Striking differences like this are
than pay the price in dollars, they pay
fensive tactics by refusing to negoti-
leading a growing number of Amer-
the price in waiting time."
ate with Paramount and offering in-
ican employers, economists and
Administrative costs are also lower
stead to buy Warner.
legislators to examine Canada's tax-
in Canada, where overhead and
payer-financed system of national
Ruling Treated as Indicator
paperwork absorbs about 3 percent of
health care. They are looking for solu-
the health budgets. In the United
Nónetheless, investors treated to
tions not only to the problem of rising
States, where most health care is
day's ruling as an indicator that the
health costs but also to the lack of in-
paid for by Federal, state and private
Time-Warner deal might proceed
surance for 37 million Americans.
insurers, the 1,500 private insurers
unimpeded.
But the new scrutiny has produced
have overhead costs of close to 12
Time would take on considerable
sharp debate. While some employers
percent, covering items like market-
debt to buy Warner for $14 billion.
who pay for care are inclined to see
ing, reserves for future claims, taxes
Time's shares fell $6, to $157.25 today
the bright side of the Canadian sys-
and profits, Federal data show. The
on the New York Stock Exchange. It
tem, many doctors and hospital ad-
Federal Medicare and Medicaid pro-
was the ninth-most-active issue, with
ministrators are skeptical.
grams have overhead costs of about
1.35 million shares traded.
Canapress/John Smee for The New York Times
Warner rose on the Big Board
'Deficiencies and Problems'
3.5 percent.
W. Vickery Stoughton, president
$1.625, to $60.75, with 1.27 million
Indeed, the American Medical As-
But a committee report at the
sociation decided at its semiannual
of Toronto General Hospital, with
shares traded.
A.M.A. meeting denounced Canada's
Paramount, which would have a
meeting last week to "document and
the hospital's computerized scan-
system as "socialized medicine man-
great deal of cash on hand if it did not
publish the truth about the deficien-
ner. Canada's provinces limit hos-
aged by an ever-enlarging and more
buy Time, rose $3.375, to $62.875. It
cies and problems that characterize
Canadian health care."
pitals' purchases of expensive
expensive bureaucracy, financed by
was the Big Board's most-active
ever-increasing taxation and featur-
stock, with 2.7 million shares traded.
By some measures at least, Cana-
equipment.
ing rationing, shortages, health-care
Some people on Wall Street said
dians are healthier than Americans.
waiting lists and an absence of pri-
rumors were swirling that a bidder
They live longer, on average, and
vate-sector alternatives."
product, while in the United States,
might emerge for Paramount. Sev-
their infant mortality rate is 25 per-
spending on health has spurted to 11.3
Spokesmen for Canadian medical
eral arbitragers noted that Dan Dorf-
cent lower, according to the Em-
associations register similar objec-
percent of the G.N.P.
man, a financial writer with USA To-
ployee Benefit Research Institute, a
tions.
Both critics and proponents of
day, had said on television on Tues-
nonprofit research center in Wash-
Canadians say they like their sys-
Canada's system say its costs are
day night that a bid for Paramount
ington. What is more, all Canadians
tem, however. In recent polls by
lower because doctor and hospital
was likely soon. Mr. Dorfman had
are guaranteed care, at no charge.
Yet Canada has held health spend-
fees are tightly controlled and the
correctly predicted both of Para-
purchase of advanced technology
Continued
on
Page
DE
ing to 9 percent of its gross national
Photocopy-Preservation
A34 FRIDAY, MAY 26. 1989
THE WASHINGTON POST
Bush Seeks Ways to Assert Leadership
PRESIDENT BUSH'S TRIP TO EUROPE
Today: Departs Andrews Air Force Base for Rome.
rity adviser Robert M. Gates, have
Saturday: Meets with Italian government leaders, Pope John Paul II.
PRESIDENT, From A1
urged Bush to take a cautious ap-
Sunday: Departs Rome for Brussels. Meets with Belgian Prime Minister
restless and impatient with the pro-
proach, sources said. They have
Wilfried Martens.
(cess. Although he has not been spe-
concluded that Gorbachev's domes-
Monday: NATO summit.
cific, Bush has told advisers that he
tic reforms are already failing, and
Tuesday: Summit concludes. Press conference. Departs Brussels for
needs new and "creative" ideas for
warned that the Soviet leader's sur-
Bonn and meeting with West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl.
dealing with the extraordinary
vival is not assured.
events unfolding in the Soviet
Cheney created a stir when he
Wednesday: Final meeting with Kohl. Travels to Mainz for speech on
NATO alliance. Riverboat trip down Rhine. Departs Frankfurt for
Union, the sources said. Bush's im-
suggested this publicly in a recent
television interview that accurately
London.
patience appeared to boil over this
reflected the view of some Bush
Thursday: Meeting with Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, luncheon
week when, in an unusual and spon-
advisers. Gates has warned against
with Queen Elizabeth II.
taneous action, he personally re-
the historical cycles of Soviet re-
Friday: Departs London for Pease Air Force Base, N.H. Weekend in
wrote two major foreign policy
form and retreat. Paul Wolfowitz,
Kennebunkport, Maine.
speeches at the last minute.
undersecretary of defense for pol-
"He's saying, 'Where's the
icy, told Congress recently that
beef?' one foreign policy aide said.
To Pease AFB
"virtually all" Gorbachev's political
Another senior official added, "His
JAMES A. BAKER III
and economic reforms "could be
impatience is with the substance-
urges expanding Soviet contacts
reversed" and that Soviet foreign
it's not public relations. He's say-
policy "continues to challenge U.S.
BRITAIN
ing, 'I want to be able to shape the
interests around the world."
changes.' There is a risk of action,
Bush seems to have embraced all
but some people only focus on the
the differing views; he has been
London
risks of action and not the risks of
both positive and cautious. In his
Bonn
inaction."
address at Texas A&M University,
Brussels
Now, the sources said, Bush is
he spoke of "our sincere desire" to
(BELG.)
Frankfurt
turning to a new, relatively small
see Gorbachev's reforms succeed,
W.GER.
group to formulate these ideas with
but he warned that "the Soviet
Secretary of State James A. Baker
Union has promised a more coop:
spearheading the effort on for-
erative relationship before, only to
ITALY
eign policy and Defense Secretary
reverse course and return to mil-
Richard B. Cheney on military is-
itarism." This dual message has run
sues.
through the recent speeches, even
Rome
A group of their subordinates is
as he personally redrafted them,
already at work redrafting most of
trying to inject a more positive
Bush's speeches for the Europe
tone.
trip, officials said.
In February, Bush invited a
From Andrews AFB
The policy review did produce an
group of specialists on the Soviet
overall goal for Bush's approach to
RICHARD B. CHENEY
Union to his family compound in
Moscow, which he has described as
said to favor cautious approach
Kennebunkport, Maine, and in re-
WASHINGTON
POST
"integration of the Soviet Union
cent interviews several took note of
into the community of nations" and
to Gorbachev's initiatives Lament-
Bush's cautious approach.
going "beyond containment," the
ed one high-ranking official of the
"The policy I'm hearing about
brought to office, and so Bush may
battle.3 The other was that he
isn't like the man I met," said Ed-
be more constrained than his pre-
wanted "creative new initiatives"
post-World War II policy of seeking
time-consuming reports, "They just
ward A. Hewett III of the Brookings
to isolate and check Moscow. How-
decessor. The president who called
that would help the U.S., manage
grew like Topsy."
Institution. "The man I met had a:
ever, with the exception of several
Meanwhile; Bush's top advisers
the Soviet Union an Evil Empire
and cope with the sweeping mili-
minor proposals, such as resurrect-
have expressed markedly differing
little more vision and was less
and who had long established his
tary, political and economic changes
views on how to respond to Gorba-
frightened of the Soviets than the
credentials in this regard could per-
that Gorbachev has set in motion.
ing President Dwight D. Eisenhow-
chev. Baker has been a leading ad-
policy that's come out," which he
haps swing more widely in the other
The sources, including five sen-
er's "Open Skies" concept or pro-
viding economic incentives to Po-
vocate of expanding contacts with
described as "pablum." He added, "I
direction than Bush can," he said.
ior-level advisers who were inter-
land, Bush has been unable to say
Moscow on a wide range of issues,
think the president is better than
"What we are likely to get from
viewed on condition of anonymity,
from arms control to drugs and ter-
his policy. He's going to have to get
Bush for the next four years is a
quoted Bush as reminding them
precisely how he intends to reach
rorism. One official described Bak-
a hold of his bureaucracy and do
more balanced and cautious policy.
that one of the most important tests
this goal.
er's approach as building many
what Gorbachev has done
Adam B. Ulam, professor of his-
of his presidency will be how he
"If we find a way, if I can think of
bridges to the Soviets that will help
You're going to have to take risks."
tory at Harvard, said Gorbachev's
responds to the historic shifts now
a good proposal that'll move the
lock in or "institutionalize" Gorba-
Robert L: Pfaltzgraff Jr.; of the
domestic reforms may be irrevers-
taking place in the communist bloc.
world towards a more lasting peace,
But for a number of reasons, the
chev's reforms:
Fletcher School of Law and Diplo-
ible, but his foreign policy remains
we'll be out front with that," Bush
Baker, in a speech May 4, said,
macy, praised Bush's initial caution..
in flux and Bush should try more
early months of the Bush presiden-
said in an interview this week with
"There are some who say that we
"I would argue that the motivations
aggressively to influence it. "There
cy did not produce options for deal-
four Western European journalists.
don't need to do much of anything
of Soviet policy are such that it õp-:
is a great sort of uncertainty about
ing with the Soviet Union that Bush
But so far, Bush has displayed an
because trends are so favorable to
erates independent of our blandish-
what to do," he noted. "It's a com-
found satisfactory, the sources said.
abundance of caution toward the
us. Their counsel is to sit tight and
ments or even threats," he said. "So
pletely new ball game and we still
"You're asking people who have
fast-paced events in the Soviet
await Soviet concessions. I don't
it is not inappropriate to allow Gor-
haven't discovered any way to deal
been in the bureaucracy for 20
Union. At first, he and national se-
happen to be of this school. I don't
bachev to make changes that he
with the ball game."
years to come up with new ideas-
curity adviser Brent Scowcroft
think we can be passive in the face
must from his own self-interest
Bush initially gave his advisers
and they can't," said the foreign
commissioned the lengthy strategic
of these great strategic changes
make."
two- basic instructions for his ap-
policy aide. "You're asking a pres-
reviews. During the four months
Pfaltzgraff said Bush lacks the
proach to Moscow. One was that he
ident who basically succeeded him-
they were under way, Bush refused
But other advisers, such as
credentials as a hard-liner that for-
did not feel the need to compete
self to come up with new ideas-he
to comment on his policy or respond
Cheney and deputy national secu-
mer president Ronald Reagan
with Gorbachev in a public relations
won't."
Photocopy-Preservation
William Raspberry
The Mail on Black Males
Sometimes I feel like those door to
my notion that we should train young
"I have a family," she says. "How can
door proselytizers. You know, the ones
men to become family providers is back-
one bring back that which is here? Be
who have glimpsed Truth and who are
ward. As one reader put it, "It is the
accurate. What you intend to say is, 'Put a
convinced that if you will only listen to
expectation of males as providers and
black man in the residence of every black
them and think about what they are.
women as partners who have the option
woman and her children.'
saying, you too will see the light.
of being providers that is causing men-
'Are you out of your mind? Any bear-
It was my notion that it would be plain
especially black men-so much trouble."
able black man who is outside a family is
to everyone, once it was pointed out, that
The second theme is that it is up to
so by his own choice. Women who, in
(1) much of what has gone wrong in
young men to save themselves. They can
order to be physically safe and mentally
America stems from the deterioration of
stop being lazy or lawless or irresponsible
secure, have removed themselves and
the family and (2) that one reason for the
whenever they choose.
their families from the proximity of abu-
deterioration-particularly. in the low-in-
Well, if it's sexist to urge special help
sive, destructive males will passionately
come black community-is that black
for the boys (who are demonstrably in
resist the efforts of anyone to impose this
boys learn tragically early to view them-
special trouble), then the Biblical parable
unwanted element on their families and
selves as expendable.
of the lost sheep amounts to reverse
into their lives.
My proposal: Let's find ways to save
discrimination. The point is not to aban-
"The theory that improving the em-
the boys.
don the 99, but to restore the entire
ployment rate of men is the sine qua non
There's no need to prove that boys are
flock.
of a healthy community is a simplistic and
in special trouble. The merest glance at a
What of the notion that a man's proper
totally erroneous response to a complex
college, high school or even grade school
role is that of provider? Maybe, as the
societal puzzle. It ignores the reality that
classroom will make clear that the boys
reader suggests, it is mere socialization. I
black men in alarming numbers are physi-
are disappearing. A review of the crime,
suspect it runs a lot deeper than that,
cal and psychological batterers and abus-
imprisonment and homicide statistics will
making it hard for any man who has
ers of women.
make clear where they are disappearing
never functioned as a provider to feel like
to. The more they wind up in jails or
a man. The inability of so many young
"Daily, black women attempt to avoid,
graveyards, the less they will be available
black men to see themselves as provid-
even flee, situations in which they are
ers-or even as necessary to their fami-
demeaned, belittled and stripped of their
to form families. Fatherless households
lies-may be one explanation for their
dignity and humanity. In truth, if the black
already constitute the poorest category of
irresponsible behavior.
American community is to survive, black
Americans.
But though many readers share my
Nor does it make sense to me to
women and girls must learn trades and
view that we need to find ways to rescue
expect that boys who have never experi-
skills which will enable them to become
the boys from their uselessness, a sur-
enced responsible fatherhood can, on
healthy, independent, self-respecting,
prisingly large minority take a different
their own, become responsible fathers.
competent individuals.
view.
The third, and saddest, theme is typi-
"What should be done to cause/enable
Three themes run through their let-
fied by a letter from a woman who
black men to become intelligent, respon-
ters. The first is a double-pronged femi-
describes herself as "a black single female
sible, supportive, desirable family mem-
nism: it is sexist to talk about saving boys
head of household. She challenges my
bers?
rather than saving children. Moreover,
"bring back the family" notion at its heart.
"I don't know, and really don't care."
Photocopy-Preservation
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL TUESDAY, JUNE 6, 1989
Red Storm Rising in the Ukraine
By ROMAN SOLCHANYK
The "Rukh," as It is commonly known, Is
Ukrainian Helsinki Union. The final resolu-
pected to heed Mr. Gorbachev's call, made
Ever since Mikhall Gorbachev assumed
independent of the party and claims mass
tion adopted, moreover, included several
to the writers in Klev, to be patient and to
leadership of the Soviet Communist Party,
support. The moving force behind the
points that, in the words of the Ukrainian
promote "the unity of the Slavic people,
observers of the Soviet scene. have. been
Rukh is the Ukrainian intelligentsia, espe-
party daily. Radyanska Ukraina, went be
above all the Russians, Ukrainians, and
predicting the demise of Vladimir Shcher-
cially the writers who have consistently
yond the bounds of the direction and objec-
Belorussians." If there is discord among
bitsky. Mr. Shcherbitsky is the Communist
been the most visible and vocal advocates
tives of the conference. The meaning
the Slavic people, Mr. Gorbachev argued,
Party leader in the Ukraine. He Is also the
of radical change. On the eve of the Gorba-
here is the meeting's support for the
It will be very difficult to talk about unity
last remaining full member of the Polit-
chev visit the Rukh organizers published
Ukrainian popular front and the demand to
among all the peoples of the Soviet Un-
buro, apart from Mr. Gorbachev himself,
their draft program in the writers' union
legalize the underground Ukrainian Catho-
ion."
to be Installed by the now discredited Leo-
weekly, Literaturha Ukraina. The estab-
lic Church and the banned Ukrainian Auto-
This is the core of the national question
aid Brezhnev.
lishment responded immediately with a
cephalous Orthodox church. Both national
in the Soviet Union today. The operative
Conventional wisdom has held that Mr.
campaign in the party press In-the form of
churches are viewed by authorities as
principle of Soviet nationalities policy has
Sheherbitsky. an unreconstructed "Brezh-
Irate letters from the public, accusing the
seedbeds of Ukralnian nationalism
been to shift the focus of the Sovlet Union's
nevite," would be swept away with other
Rukh of fomenting "civil war" and aiming
The latest Indication of a sharpening of
more than 100 nations and nationalities
political leftovers. The. Ukraine has seen
from an ethnic-cultural to a political-ideo-
events In recent years that might seem to
Faced with nationalist demands almost everywhere,
logical allegiance. From this came the no-
damage Mr. Shcherbitsky. Yet in spite of
tion that there exists a "Soviet people."
such calamities as Chernobyl, the growing
the Kremlin scarcely needs political mobilization m its
The nucleus of this allegedly supranational
rift between the party and Ukrainian intel-
largest and most economically vital non-Russian republic.
entity has been the Slavic bloc of Russians,
lectuals, and the popular dissatisfaction so
Ukrainians, and Belorussians who together.
strikingly reflected in the poor showing of
account for more than 70% of the popula-
regime candidates in recent elections, Mr.
at an "Independent Ukraine," A recent is-
tensions came last month at the plenum of
tion: To tamper with this construct would
Gorbachev has not shown interest in re-
sue of the literary weekly reports that Mr.
the Ukrainian Central Committee. This
quite likely spell the end of the Soviet
moving his Ukrainian subordinate.
Gorbachev, when meeting with Ukrainian
group, Radio Moscow reported, "has urged
multi-ethnic society as we know it.
writers in Klev, even asked for assurances
National Ferment
the party locals to resolutely rebuff nation-
What the Sovlet Leaders Know
that the Rukh was not Intent on forming a
alists and extremists and consistently im-
Four years is a long time to hold one's
new political party.
prove inter-ethnic relations.' On the face
The main problem is not the conflict be-
breath, and the varlous convoluted expla-
tween Armenians and Azerbaljanis or be-
The reaction to the formation of another
of it, these two requirements-appear.con
nations for the Shcherbitsky phenomenon
tradictory: In the Ukraine today, the "na-
tween Georgians and the Abkhaz, although
will no longer do. The answer must be
mass organization, the Shevchenko Ukrai-
niant Language Society, was also some-
tionalist" and "extremist" labels are liber-
in both cases the anti-Russian sentiment
sought in the national ferment that. has
ally applied to anyone who devlates from
that has developed as a byproduct of Mos-
been steadily growing In the Ukraine, and
thing less than positive. The group held its
inaugural meeting in early February, end-
the Shcherbitsky line.
cow's incompetent handling of these re-
in its implications for the future of the So-
Ing with a demand that the Ukrainian lan-
Clearly Messrs. Gorbachev and Shcher
gional disputes can be potentially danger-
Photocopy-Preservation
viet multi-ethnic polity. Mr. Gorbachev
bitsky are not interested in a specifically
ous, The Baltic states, where anti-Russian
himself posed the problem succinctly dur-
guage be given state or official status. In
Ukrainian perestroika. In fact, the notion
and anti-Soviet sentiment is at the heart of
ing his Ukraine visit: "You can only Imag-
the course of the two-day proceedings,
ine what would happen if there were disor-
party representatives found themselves lis-
of perestroika on an ethnic basis is anath-
the Issue, could become a serious problem,
tening to speeches by former political pris-
ema to the Kremlin. This was stated by
particularly If the three republics work out
der In the Ukraine. Fifty-one million peo-
oners, loud applause for the Ukrainian pop-
Moscow's representative to a conference
a viable common platform, which they
ple live here. The whole fabric of the So--
ular front, and calls for Mr. Shcherbitsky's
on nationality relations convened in April-
have now begun. Yet the Ukrainian capital
viet Union would be amiss and perestrolka
in the Western Ukrainian city of Ternopil:
of Kiev has almost double the population of
would fall."
resignation In the end the local party ide-
ology secretary abandoned the hall. It
"In our interconnected society, there can
Estonia, and the Lvov region alone is more
Presumably the leader of the Soviet Un-
comes as no major surprise that thus far
be no separate Uzbek or Georgian, Ukrai-
populous than Latvia.
ion knows what he is talking about and
should be taken at his word. Faced with
the society has not been registered by au-
nian or Russian perestroika-there can be
The real problem is in the Ukraine,
thorities.
no purely national perestroika, as some
without which the Soviet Union would
nationalist demands almost everywhere,
would have it. Perestroika is international;
cease being a major power. This is some-
the Kremlin scarcely needs political mobi-
The following month a third grass-roots
although, naturally, it should also consider
thing that every Russian leader, from Le-
lization in its largest and most economi-
organization held its founding congress in
the national factor."
nin to Mr. Gorbachev, has understood bet-
cally vital non-Russian republic, the
Kiev. The Ukrainian Memorial Society is
How the "national factor" is to be rec-
ter than most Kremlinologists.
Ukraine. This is precisely where develop-
dedicated to the full exposure of Stalinist
onciled with perestrolka may become
ments In the Ukraine have been leading.
crimes against the Ukrainian nation. Once
clearer after the Soviet party holds its long
The clearest Indication of this is the re-
Mr. Solchanyk, director of program re-
again respected writers shared the
awaited Central Committee plenum on na-
cent emergence of the Baltic-type Popular
speakers' platform with former dissidents
search and development at Radio Liberty
tionality relations. Until the meeting takes
in Munich, co-wrole "Ukraine Under Gor-
Movement of Ukraine for Restructuring.
and representatives of the oppositionist
place this summer, Ukrainians will be ex-
bachev," to be published by Macmillan.
THE WASHINGTON POST
FRIDAY, AUGUST 11, 1989 A25
Charles Krauthammer
The U.N.'s Complicity With Evil
One fact largely forgotten in the current hos-
tage crisis is that Lt. Col. William Higgins, though
an American officer, was on a United Nations
mission and in U.N. uniform when kidnapped by
Lebanese Shiites. One has come to expect little of
the United Nations, but its cravenness in the
Higgins affair surprises even the cynical. No emer-
gency Security Council meetings. No condemna-
tions. No denunciations. No pressure on Hezbol-
lah's Iranian sponsors or Syrian protectors.
Instead, the United Nations sends Marrack
Goulding to Lebanon to "fact-find" and to pick up
Higgins' body. He gets neither facts nor the body.
He meets with Hezbollah leaders-Hezbollah, re-
member, kidnapped and murdered Higgins, who,
remember, was on a U.N. mission-and issues not
a critical word about them. Instead he criticizes
Israel for having captured another Hezbollah lead-
er, Sheik Obeid, who was involved in kidnapping
Higgins and reportedly used his own apartment to
imprison Higgins.
Crisis, which strips things down to its elements,
is a deeply revealing condition. This crisis demon-
strated (to those who still require a demonstration)
that the United Nations has progressed far beyond
impotence to a state of meek and sick complicity
with evil.
The crisis did not bring out the best in George
Bush either. "Ready on Day One to be a Great
BY BILL RUSSELL-INX
President," said the campaign ads last year. Then,
on Day One of its first real crisis, the Bush
administration was panicked. Bush instinctively
and unwisely went into the Jimmy Carter Rose
Well, discriminate retribution is exactly what
terrorists; but adds that if Israel wants to do so he
Garden mode: canceling a trip, returning to Wash-
Israel engaged in with its capture of Obeid. In
will not stand in the way.
ington, calling emergency meetings that one knew
November 1988, Bush declared that this kind of
If you want your hostages back, you have to
in advance would have no issue. In short, handing
action is America's ideal: "We will bring terrorists
bargain. But how? First make clear and public the
the entire American agenda over to terrorists.
to justice. We will continue to cooperate with
limits of your demands. In this case, the U.S.
friendly nations to identify, track, apprehend, pros-
demand should be the return of all American (and,
Then there was the infamous statement in
which Bush called for the release of all hostages in
ecute and punish terrorists." Nine months and one
if we are feeling particularly magnanimous toward
the Middle East-a remark pointedly aimed at
election later, he calls such action "kidnapping and
our "allies," all Western) hostages. No more one-
Israel and pointedly classifying Sheik Obeid as a
violence."
by-one, as in the Iran-contra affair. Shiite/Iranian
hostage, as if Israel had picked a Lebanese school-
counter-demands will be entertained. The address
Bush, to his credit, and in character, righted
girl off the street rather than a kidnapper and a
himself after his initial unsteadiness. He backed off
is the White House. Any mailman will do.
terrorist.
the Israel-bashing and let the terrorists know that
Then, put pressure on the terrorists. Set a time
Whenever an outrage such as the murder of a
limit. We know that what Sheik Obeid fears most is
if they harmed their next hostage he was prepared
Navy diver on a TWA jet is committed against
extradition to the United States. We should an-
to unleash American military power. The threat to
Americans, the question of retaliation arises. The
nounce that if the hostage issue is not resolved
hostage Joseph Cicippio was lifted and the immedi-
argument against retaliation, which almost invari-
within, say, two weeks, we will begin extradition
ate crisis passed. Now upon some reflection it
ably prevails, is that a nation as great as ours does
proceedings to bring him to American justice for
becomes clear that Israel's capture of Obeid has
not mete out group justice. Instead we will track
kidnapping and accessory to murder of Col. Hig-
provided an opening on the hostage issue that had
down, apprehend and try the particular individuals
gins. This is a less Draconian measure than threat-
been closed since the Iran-contra scandal broke.
responsible.
ening an air war against Shiite Lebanon, but it does
What to do? The administration, clearly fighting
Call this policy discriminate retribution. Gener-
tell the terrorists that time is not on their side.
ally speaking, it is less a policy than an evasion. It
the Iran-contra memories, has said that it will not
If Hezbollah will trade for Obeid, fine. We will
gets you off the hook because it is extremely hard
bargain with terrorists. This is an entirely disin-
defer justice for the sake of eight Americans.
to identify who actually carried out a certain
genuous position. Iran hints at releasing hostages
Otherwise, we try him. The threat would have the
outrage, harder to find them and harder still to
in return for Iranian assets held in the United
salutary effect of concentrating the mind of his
capture them. (On occasion it can be done; witness
States, and the administration "rejects" the de-
colleagues on releasing American hostages. The
the capture of the Achille Lauro hijackers and the
mand but does aver that it would look favorably on
execution of the threat would make them think
kidnapping by American agents of airline hijacker
the asset issue if hostages are released. The
twice before picking Americans as their target
Fawaz Yunis.)
secretary of state says that he will not bargain with
next time.
Photocopy-Preservation
seltine ii.
John R. Block
Free Trade: Coming Up Roses
TRADE
7/5/89
To most people, roses evoke images of blos-
Holland and Israel) were threatening the domestic
percent increase. During this period, U.S. rose
Recent expansions in the domestic production
imports by the European Community had "signifi-
soming romance. But in Washington, roses have
industry.
industry revenues accelerated by 12 percent,
of Granny Smith apples and kiwi fruit are the
cantly impeded the inflow of roses em non-EC
recently come to represent not just romantic
Sales of roses in the United States are not
reaching an estimated $171 million in 1988.
healthy response to new agricultural product mar-
member countries," including the United States.
symbols, but a strong lesson about economic
inconsequential. Overall rose sales are expected to
Foreign producers have experienced even
kets that were initially developed by foreign
U.S. growers' export potential is therefore 'imit-
realities. It's a story not of the blush of first love,
top 830 million stems in 1989. U.S. producers'
stronger growth. According to the ITC analysis,
importers. U.S. production in these two emerging
ed-particularly during the peak production
but the benefits of free trade.
market share has fallen in recent years, however,
longer growing seasons and efficient distribution
domestic industries is expected to be between $47
months of summer. The ITC also found that
The international trade debate is filled with
from 73 percent in 1985 to 62 percent in 1988.
(not government support) enabled these producers
million and $80 million in 1989. More generally,
Japan's nontariff barriers, such as lengthy quaran-
enough conflicting theories to numb the minds of
Six months ago, conventional wisdom was ready
to meet growing U.S. consumer demand, which
the year-round availability of popular fresh fruits,
tine inspection procedures, result in extensive
most policy makers as well as most consumers.
to blame the loss of domestic market share on the
increased a remarkable 190 million stems (30
such as cantaloupe and pineapple-only possible
damage to imported products and therefore re-
The terms "free trade," "fair trade," "national
usual culprit: foreign, government-subsidized im-
percent) from 1985 to 1988: Foreign producers
through winter importing-have helped boost do-
duce the overall attractiveness to exporting fresh-
treatment," "managed trade," "reciprocity" and
ports. The uproar in Washington was strong
were thus able to respond to substantial new U.S.
mestic demand by re-shaping the shopping and
cut flowers to Japan.
"protectionism" are frequently presented with
enough to mandate'a full-scale investigation of the
demand for roses that domestic producers would
eating habits of many Americans.
For consumers both in and outside the United
much enthusiasm, but without much explanation.
U.S. rose market by the International Trade
have been unable to meet because of a lack of land
These types of economic success stories are
States, an end to unproductive agricultural trade
Commission.
and labor.
It is sometimes necessary to focus on the trade of
possible only in an environment that encourages
policies would offer the promise of lower prices at
a single product to sort through these conflicting
The ITC released its 113-page report in April.
The ITC results are clear. Both domestic and
free and fair trade for agricultural goods. Ameri-
the grocery checkout line in years ahead. The
theories and to reaffirm the benefits to the con-
The principal finding? That both domestic pro-
foreign rose producers profited from growing
ca's willingness to take down barriers to agricul-
lesson of the rose market-where the tide of
sumer and the nation of free trade.
duction and imports of fresh cut roses have risen
domestic U.S. demand. The increase in supply also
tural trade-to welcome the challenge of compe-
rising imports has helped buoy U.S. producers-is
in recent years because of rapid growth in con-
allowed new vendors to enter the market for the
tition-is clearly paying off. New domestic
A recently issued report by the International
important to keep in mind.
sumer demand. The reason is simple: aggressive
first time. Most important, the clear winner was
product markets are being created, many of which
Trade Commission on the "Competitive Conditions
The resolution of trade disputes will no doubt
sale efforts by rose importers have helped open up
the U.S. consumer, who found ample supplies of
offer U.S. farmers and agricultural producers
in the U.S. and World Markets for Fresh Cut
be a critical topic at the upcoming Paris economic
new markets for roses that never before existed.
roses available year-round at competitive prices.
needed diversification opportunities. At the same
Roses" offers some perspective. The study was
summit. At the meeting, President Bush, West
Both domestic and foreign rose producers have
The economics of roses provides a rather
time, U.S. consumers are seeing widening choice
mandated by Congress as part of last year's trade
German Chancellor Kohl and other industrial na-
benefited from these developments, which have
dramatic example of the substantial benefits of
at their local market.
ill. It arose from concerns expressed by congres-
tion leaders will discuss the pros and cons of tariffs
made roses available to consumers in supermar-
open agricultural trade in the new global economy.
Unfortunately, antiquated tariff structures
ional supporters of the domestic rose industry
kets and other convenient outlets for the first
and other barriers to agricultural trade. One hopes
But roses are not the first products in which
abroad continue, in some cases, to limit U.S.
there will be a few roses on the table as well.
located mainly in California, Michigan and Colo-
time.
foreign imports have helped stimulate the growth
export opportunities. In regard to roses, for exam-
ado) that increased imports of these flowers
U.S. rose production, for example, has jumped
of domestic agricultural markets, and in turn,
ple, the International Trade Commission study
The writer is president of the National-
mainly from Colombia, but also from Mexico
from 476 million stems to 522 million stems, a 10
benefited U.S. producers.
found that high tariffs placed on summer rose
American Wholesale Grocers' Association.
Photocopy-Preservation
THE WASHINGTON POST
WEDNESDAY, JULY 26, 1989 C7
PopularMusic
Records
Well-Tuned Country Songstress
From Mary Chapin Carpenter, a Lyrical 'State of the Heart'
By Mike Joyce
In addition to the first-rate songs, "State of the
Special to The Washington Post
Heart" is graced by some fine instrumental work,
not just from guitarist John Jennings, Carpen-
It's a natural: Mary Chapin Carpenter opening
ter's longtime collaborator and coproducer, but
for Emmylou Harris at Wolf Trap tonight. And
--------
by guests Mike Auldridge and Tommy Hannum
not merely because both honed their talents
MAN
and an excellent band. Moreover, Carpenter has
while playing clubs in and around the Washington
seldom sounded more confident as a singer or
area. After all, if it weren't for Harris's major
more comfortable with her material. Her slightly
label success a generation ago, it's likely that
husky alto brings a soulful, occasionally sassy
Carpenter and numerous other female singers
with a'similar flair for combining folk and country
edge to some songs, and a rare intimacy to
others.
music would be performing for much smaller
audiences these days.
Cee Cee Chapman: 'Twist of Fate'
Mary Chapin Carpenter: 'State of the Heart'
By contrast, subtlety is not one of Cee Cee
Chapman's strengths. She's part honky-tonk an-
For Carpenter, at least, the timing of the
gel, part torch singer, and on her new album,
concert couldn't be better. She has just scored
"Twist of Fate" (Curb-MCA), the Portsmouth-
her first bona fide country hit single, a breezy,
flirtatious tale called "How Do." With its rocka-
born singer's got the goods to prove it. Chapman
delivers love songs, or, more precisely, love-
billy rhythms, western swing colors and carefree
spirit, it's a sharp contrast to some of the
gone-bad songs, with a vengeance that's almost
reflective ballads also contained on Carpenter's
palpable. "Frontier Justice" is a typically blunt
Photocopy-Preservation
new album, "State of the Heart" (Columbia). But
response to a love betrayed; "You Lie" and "Love
Is a Liar" are as bitter and as anguished as they
it's not likely to be the only hit generated by the
album. The hook-laden chorus and brassy tone
sound; and "Gone but Not Forgotten" stirs up
that distinguish "Never Had It So Good" and the
even more painful memories.
earthy, Judds-like rhythm that propels "Read My
True, "Rainbow Rider" and other tunes soften
Lips" may well allow these songs to follow "How
the mood here and there, but this is basically a
Do" right up the charts.
one-note album. The good news is that Chapman
In fact, now that "How Do" has attracted
sings that note with unbridled and unforgiving
considerable airplay around the country, perhaps
passion at times. The bad news is that the album
even some of Carpenter's introspective lyrics
occasionally suffers from slick, anonymous Nash-
will "get some well-deserved exposure. Un-
ville arrangements that do neither the singer nor
abashed sentiment clearly has its place on the
the songs justice.
album, especially on the ballad "This Shirt." But
Laurie Lewis: 'Love Chooses You'
track is the most likely to make Lewis better
for the most part Carpenter's lyrics. convey
known in Nashville, since it was recently covered
genuine warmth and emotion without tugging at
Like Carpenter's album, San Francisco Bay
the heartstrings.
Area singer, songwriter and fiddler Laurie Lew-
by Kathy Mattea. And yet Lewis's own arrange-
is's new release "Love Chooses You" (Flying
ment, singously laced with Douglas's dobro,
"Slow Country Dance" is a beautifully drawn
Fish) is mostly devoted to the pleasures and pain
possesses a simple, heartfelt charm all its own,
portrait of aging and loneliness. "Something of a
as -does "The Light" and "The Point of No,
Dreamer" combines a lilting melody with a story
engendered by affairs of the heart, By and large,
about'a foolish, incurable romantic, while "Good-
the songs don't rival the caliber of Carpenter's,
Return."
bye Again" quietly explores a love triangle and
and given some of the bluegrassy arrangements
If other tunes, notably "When the Night Bird
its impact on the "other woman." The only song
they're not likely to enjoy anywhere near the
Sings," seem tailored to appeal to a broader
on the album not composed by Carpenter is
commercial exposure. But they're sturdy, well-
audience than your typical string band recording,
"Quittin' Time," which is given an upbeat ar-
crafted songs just the same, and all of them take
Lewis isn't bashful about revealing her tradi-
rangement here. But as Carpenter proved when
advantage of a remarkable array of talent: Man-
tional influences from time to time. On the
she sang a slower version of it with Shawn Colvin
dolinist Sam Bush, dobroist Jerry Douglas, gui-
contrary, she fiddles up a storm on "Ryestraw,"
at the Birchmere recently, the poignant lyric is
tarist Russ Barenburg and Nashville Bluegrass
and joins her band in creating a haunting cham-
perfectly in keeping with many of her own
Band members Alan O'Bryant, Pat Enright and
berlike setting for the melancholy air "The Wom-
ballads.
Mark Hembree are all on hand. The album's title
en of Ireland."
5/75/89
Bush Stance on Soviets Gives Him
Political Trouble at Home, Abroad
By GERALD F. SEIB
overwhelming desire from all outside
staff Reporter of THE STREET JOURNAL
critics for more action."
WASHINGTON- Bush's slow-
In any event, there is little reason to
and-careful course in dealing with Soviet
think Mr. Bush is about to sharply alter his
leader Mikhail Gorbachev is leading the
course. He is an inherently cautious man
president toward some heavy political tur-
who has succeeded In life mostly by taking
bulence.
carefully considered steps rather than
Mr. Bush leaves tomorrow for his
risky gambits.
maiden presidential voyage to Europe and
For Instance, when he was beaten badly
a high-profile sum-
in the Iowa caucuses last year and his po-
mlt meeting of the
litical future hung in the balance, many
North
Atlantic
wanted him. to jettison some of his cam-
TreatyOrganization
paign staff and break. more cleanly from
His immediate task
President Reagan. Instead, Mr. Bush
will be to paper over
called his top advisers together for a low-
a messy spat with
key pep talk, pulled even closer to Presi-
West
Germany,
dent Reagan-and proceeded to win the
which wants him to'
crucial New Hampshire primary.
launch into quick ne-
Today, Mr. Bush's closest White House
gotiations with the
advisers are unusually knowledgeable in
Sovlets to cut short-
Soviet affairs also notably cautious.
range
nuclear
National security adviser Brent Scowcroft
weapons In Western
is a longtime Soviet scholar who is*on*a
Europe.
President Bush
first-name basis with many top Soviets,
The president's
and his deputy Robert Gates is a Sovietolo-
broader task is even more difficult. He
gist from the intelligence community with
must mollify increasingly restive Western
broad knowledge of Soviet history and lan-
European allies, who want him to be
guage. But their experiences with the So-
bolder and quicker In responding to Mr.
viets also have left Mr. Bush and these
Gorbachev's proposals for arms cuts and
aides inherently skeptical.
other broad changes in East-West rela-
They argue that in the current climate
tions.
of ferment and uncertainty in the Soviet
As he prepared to depart, Mr. Bush.
bloc, the West can't know whether Mr.
tried yesterday to reassure allies that he
Gorbachev will succeed. Therefore, they
intends to "seize every-and I mean ev-
say, the U.S. can't risk making security
ery-opportunity" to build a better rela-
concessions In the mere hope he will.
tionship with the Soviets. In a commence-
More broadly, the Bush team has con-
ment speech at the U.S. Coast Guard Acad-
cluded that the demands for openness and
emy, Mr. Bush welcomed a new Soviet
democratic reforms coursing through the
proposal to cut conventional forces In Eu-
Soviet Union and China indicate that his-
rope and sald that "through negotiations,
toric trends are moving in the direction
we can now transform the military land-
of the U.S. Administration aldes believe
scape of Europe." His aldes acknowledged
that a flurry of concessions from Washing-
that he chose his words in an effort to
ton isn't necessary to keep the powerful
avoid appearing "too negative" toward the
trend moving ahead.
Soviets.
"We live in a time where we are wit-
Pressure Building
nessing the end of an idea, the final chap-
As the White House realizes, restiveness
ter of the Communist experiment," Mr.
about Mr. Bush's cautious approach hasn't
Bush said yesterday. "Communism is now
been limited to Western Europe. Similar
recognized even within the Communist
pressure for more action is building on the
world Itself as a failed system, one that
political left and right in the U.S.
promised economic prosperity but failed to
Influential Democrats in Congress are
deliver the goods."
beginning to grumble that Mr. Bush Is los-
The trans-Atlantic debate over the wis-
Ing the Immediate public-relations battle
dom of this Bush approach is being played
with the Soviets. Worse, they say, he Is
out largely In the argument with West Ger-
running the risk of squandering a historic
many over whether to negotiate cuts In
opportunity to ease Cold War tensions.
short-range nuclear weapons-an argu-
"I think Bush is not articulating where
ment that still threatens to badly mar the
most Americans are with respect to re-
NATO summit in Brussels next Monday
sponding to the Gorbachev initiatives,"
and Tuesday.
says Rep. Lee Hamilton. (D., Ind.), a se-
Short-range nuclear forces include mis-
nlor member of the Foreign Affairs Com-
siles and artillery shells that weren't elimi-
mittee. "He's behind the curye, I. guess I
nated by the 1987 intermediate-range arms
would put it."
treaty. The U.S. has, on its own, cut its
More surprisingly, conservatives, who
stockpile of such weapons by 2,400 during
are generally pleased that Mr. Bush has
the past decade, down to roughly 4,000. But
shown skepticism and resolve toward the
NATO long has steered clear of negotia-
Soviets, also are beginning to press for a
tons over the arms, because they are
more aggressive U.S. strategy. They don't
needed to offset the Warsaw Pact's big su-
want Mr. Bush to react to Mr. Gorbachey
periority in conventional weapons.
by offering concessions, of course. Rather,
Several weeks ago, though, the West
they call for more moves to ratchet up
German government caved in to domestic
pressure on the Kremlin to make more
political pressure and insisted that the U.S.
fundamental changes in its system.
quickly open negotiations with the Soviets
Common Feeling
to cut those arms. The Bush administra-
'Our view is that he should be seizing
tion balked. Meanwhile, Mr. Gorbachev
the initiative to help transform the Soviet
tried to grab the initiative by making a
Union, by making the kind of aid, trade
showy but militarily insignificant an-
and technology they are obviously eager to
nouncement that he was removing 500 of
get contingent on fundamental change,"
the Warsaw Pact's 10,000 short-range
says Frank Gaffney, a former Pentagon of:
weapons and by pressing for talks.
ficial who currently is a conservative ana-
Now the Bush administration has
lyst at the Center for Security Policy. Mr.
agreed to consider talks, but It insists that
Gaffney says-that, despite their different
cuts first be made in Soviet conventional
prescriptions for action, there Is a "com-
arms and that the West declare that short-
mon feeling" among liberals and conserva-
range arms wouldn't be eliminated en-
tives that "the U.S. isn't served by a pas-
tirely. Though the revised U.S. position is
sive strategy."
considered wise by most analysts, West
Those who applaud Mr. Bush cautious
Germany Is balking at the conditions.
approach say such a course is simply des-
Even If Mr. Bush finds the diplomatic
tined to attract criticism. Mr. Bush has
skills to paper over the dispute on this trip,
shown that he's "prudent and knowledgea-
It's unlikely he'll be- able to resolve the
ble, and he isn't stampeded by the right or
broader problem of getting the West to un-
the left,' says William Hyland, editor of
Ite behind a defense strategy In the face of
Foreign-Affairs magazine and a Soviet an-
the crafty Mr. Gorbachev. "What we re
alyst who has occasionally advised Mr.
facing Is a much longer-range problem,"
Bush. But, Mr. Hyland adds, "he's going to
says Rep. Les Aspin (D., Wis.), chairman
be criticized for it, because there's an
of the House Armed Services Committee.
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