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[Newspaper Clippings, 1989-1990]
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[Newspaper Clippings, 1989-1990]
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Records of the White House Office of Speechwriting (George H. W. Bush Administration)
Tony Snow Subject Files
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This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the George Bush Presidential
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Record Group/Collection:
George H.W. Bush Presidential Records
Collection/Office of Origin:
Speechwriting, White House Office of
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Snow, Tony, Files
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Subject File, 1988-1993
OA/ID Number:
13896
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13896-015
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[Newspaper Clippings, 1989-1990]
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18
29
2
4
Communists' Fall Breaks Up Poland's Solidarity
By BARRY NEWMAN
Mazowiecki, has been trying to decide
Glapinski calls that "some kind of blas
Staff Reporter of THE WALL STREET JOURNAL
whether to oppose him. Some Poles think
phemy," and the Alliance is still collecting
WARSAW-It's been quiet in Poland
the prime minister might make up his
signatures on ti-Jaruzelski petitions. But
this August, for a change. In August a year
mind today, too.
it appears to have set aside for now its
ago, the Communists gave up governing;
Neither Mr. Mazowiecki nor his sup-
threat of public disruptions.
two years ago, strikes forced them into un-
porters want an election now. The Citizens'
Instead, it will back a constitutional
heard-of compromises; 10 years ago, the
Movement for Democratic Action, led by
amendment to choose the president by
movement that inspired their downfall was
Mr. Walesa's former intellectual advisers,
popular, rather than parliamentary, vote.
born in Gdansk.
would rather let the government go on
The Citizens' Movement backs it, too, and
Solidarity has spent the month celebrat-
calmly dismantling communism; in that
parliament will convene in mid September
ing its birthday, and though the Rolling
effort, Poland is well ahead of the other
to debate it. If the amendment passes,
Stones called off
new boys of the old bloc.
Gen. Jaruzelski could resign, perhaps be
their show, the Har-
"It's a distraction, says Jan Litynski,
fore year's end, to let an election take
lem Globetrotters
a founder of the Citizens' Movement. Log
place
put on theirs. The
ically, it would make sense to wait for next
Call for 'Acceleration'
festivities end today
spring, but they started the cam-
exactly a decade
paign.
Mr. Mazowiecki, the opinion polls sug
since Solidarity first
For Mr. Walesa and his backers in a na-
gest, might win it. But no one can ignore
was legalized. Lech
scent party called the Center Alliance, an
Lech Walesa's enduring power over Polish
Walesa will give a
election is long overdue. Despite its demo-
politics or the potential impact of his call
speech. By the time
cratic ideals and economic coherence, they
for an "acceleration". of Poland's passage
he finishes, it should
argue, Poland's government is still the
to the free, market and full democracy.
be clearer than ever
product of a deal made before theirest of
By "acceleration". Mr. Walesa seems to
that Solidarity, age
the Soviet Empire collapsed in Eastern
mean the removal from public and eco-
10, is dead.
Europe, and Communists still infest it.
nomic life of anyone who owes his position
As a trade union
Lech Walesa
"We were first in the process of democ-
to the Communists-factory foremen to
in a country where
ratization and now we follow, says Adam
school principals. And while the Alliance
trade unions don't have much say, it will
Glapinski, an economist on the Alliance's
has no quarrel with economic austerity, it
go on. As a social and political movement
political council. "We don't want anything
wants a faster sell- off of state companies
uniting a people against Communist op-
more than people already have in Hungary
run by one apparatchiks.
pression, its work is done.
and Czechoslovakia.
"Privatization is revolution,' Mr. Gla-
Rebels Without a Cause
One hurdle, in the person of President
pinski says. "It means 400,000 people will
Wojciech Jaruzelski, remains to be vaulted
lose their jobs
Solidarity the movement has already
before the Alliance can have its wish: Gen.
Talk like that makes Mr. Walesa's old
split into two new political parties, differ-
Jaruzelski must quit. The Alliance has
friends gulp. He accuses them of blocking
ing over the road Poland ought to take
on its way to capitalism and on how fast it
toyed with the idea of mass protests to
democracy; they accuse him of demagogu-
force him out. Mr Walesa would then re
ery "It's very dangerous, says Mr. Li
ought to travel. Fresh from a visit to the
place him, with parliament's approval, and
tynski People could be deprived of prop-
Vatican, Mr. Walesa may choose to com-
run for the presidency as an incumbent.
erty, put into prison.
plete the break on this opportune day by
saying straight out to an audience of lumi-
The general doesn' seem pleased. with
The Citizen's Movement is trying to
naries what he has been saying in code for
this plan. He'd prefer to exit more grace-
think positively, If Mr. Mazowiecki wins
months: that he is a candidate for the
fully, and has attracted some funlikely
the presidency, some hope Mr Walesa will
presidency of Poland.
champions: the Citizens Movement, the
agree to be his prime minister. And if Mr.
Roman Catholic Church and the U.S.
Walesa wins, his future at least won't be
Even if a last-minute change of strategy
George Bush has invited Gen. Jaru-
the main issue in parliamentary elections
keeps him pussyfooting, this country's first
zelski to Washington for an official visit on
that should take place in the spring.
post-Communist political season is sure to
Oct. 11, well after Mr. Walesa had hoped to
begin in September, with a presidential
Yet by August of next year-as things
unseat him. And earlier this month Cardi-
election following before long. Mr. Wa-
look this August-a good part of Poland's
nal Jozef Glemp received the general at
lesa's former ally, Prime Minister Tadeusz
old opposition, once united in Solidarity,
Czestochowa, Poland's holiest site. Mr.
could find itself in opposition again.
Photocopy-Preservation
A8
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL TUESDAY, JULY 17, 1990
LEISURE & ARTS
The Soviet Reality: Murder, Apathy, Dishonesty
Govorukhin's cameras show fresh murder
dance He determines that the officer's
By DAVID BROOKS
One of the current expressions, not in-
scenes, with bodies carved open, with rela-
family gets $500,000 as compensation. He
cluded in the movie, is: "If you are not
Moscow
tives in frenzies of grief. Police photos dis-
then shows a grim Soviet police funeral;
stealing from work, you are robbing your
play nude women who have been raped
the dead officer's family gets nothing.
These are the things to say to make a
family.'
and mutilated. One convict is brought back
He interviews some American cops, and
Russian happy: Your country stinks.
A line outside one liquor store in the
to the scene of his crime to reenact how he
while the audience giggles, they complain
"Your leaders are criminals.' "I can't
movie stretches to infinity. At another, or-
lured a young girl into the woods, and then
how bad things are. One: cop remarks,
wait to get out of here."
der breaks down, and young men become
knifed her to death. He is meticulous and
What we really need are some Soviet
like savage beasts, looting and scrambling
Russians have developed a passion for
almost cheerful. "It was quite normal, he
cops to restore some order here. The film
off with their cache. The old are frequently
criticism. A visitor here is constantly
says," showing the various positions of his
cuts to a pathetic-looking Soviet officer,
trampled in these humiliating rushes, Mr.
asked his impressions of the city. If he
victim as he stabbed her.
with an ill-fitting uniform and poor equip-
Govorukhin reports.
tries to be polite, and balance the good
It's not clear how much of this Mr. Go-
ment, standing dazed in the middle of the
Two old ladies live somewhat remote
with the bad, the Russian listener pulls a
vorukhin intends to blame on communism,
from these events, in the middle of the
sour face and looks away. But if the ques-
perhaps nothing more than the way the
tion is met with a great gust of aspersion,
The Mobile Guide
countryside. They subsist on home-grown
criminals are completely apathetic about
potatoes, and. remember the Gorba-
then a broad smile of satisfaction sweeps
their fate
chev days when it was possible to get
across the Moscovite's face, before he con-
sugar. Mr. Govorukhin cuts from them to
cludes, "You've only seen the best of
Mr. Govorukhin is on firmer ground
it."
comparing Soviet police forces with West-
Life with glasnost
what may be the most luxurious store in
the Soviet-Union, the duty-free shop at the
In this general atmosphere of eager
ern police forces. He visits the South Bronx
Moscow airport. Prices are listed in ru-
self-loathing, the cultural event of the mo-
and Times Square, a wry joke since these
bles, but Mr. Govorukhin still cannot buy
ment is a scathing documentary on Soviet
are the places where Soviet propaganda
life called "One Shouldn't Live This Way,"
units have always done their American
street like a brain-damaged sheep. The au-
anything. The prices are in gold rubles, a
filming. "There is crime in the United
dience erupts into gales of laughter.
currency Soviets cannot possess.
by Stanislav Govorukhin. It surveys Soviet
States," he assures a chuckling audience.
The final comparison is between the liv-
Next he shows a well-dressed Russian
criminal activity-from rapes and mutila-
tions committed by homicidal maniacs; to
But the director is amazed at how well
ing conditions of a high-ranking Soviet de-
woman trying to book a room in some of
equipped the New York cops are. He goes
tective and a German patrolman from
the better but still awful Moscow hotels.
the Baku massacre, organized at the high-
Hamburg The detective and his three chil-
Not only is she as a Russian forbidden
est reaches of the Soviet government. The
into detail over the design of the American
holster, which allows the officer to draw
dren have one room in a small apartment,
from staying in these hotels, the clerks do
film's message is that crime and corrup-
which they share with other families. They
not acknowledge her existence. She po-
tion are the bricks and mortar of Soviet
his gun in one motion. The Soviet holster
requires several cumbersome maneuvers.
sleep side by side on the floor. The audi-
litely asks for their attention, but they ig
society. The Soviet people love it.
ence members begin talking to each other
nore her with that form of sadistic callous-
A film such as this still gets censored
Mr. Govorukhin marvels at how New
as the film shows the German patrolman
ness familiar to anyone who has tried to
unless it has powerful friends. "One
York cops show up when they are called to
leaving work in his Ford Taurus. By the
shop in a Soviet store
Shouldn't Live This Way" has been cham-
minor health emergencies. He shows how
time he is sitting in his modern middle-
The crimes get bigger The cameras fly
pioned by the reformist mayors of Moscow
10 or 15 police cars race to the scene of
class apartment, the dialogue is drowned
over a gulag. Mr. Govorukhin travels to
and Leningrad. Though it can be seen no-
even a minor crime, when a Times Square
out by audience members commenting on
Baku, to see ethnic fighting. But the mas
where else in the Soviet Union, they have
pimp tries to force a prostitute into his car
the various appliances and amenities.
sacres take place away from the ethnic
ordered it shown in their cities. A friend
The audience is more interested in the
strife and the victims are mostly dissi-
pimp's car, a stretch limousine, than in his
One of-Mr. Govorukhin's points is that
had to stand in line for three hours to get
dents. "This is the greatest crime of all
crime.
communism has turned honest citizens into
tickets for a. weekday, midafternoon
he says.
criminals, and he shows the underhanded
"screening.
The film ends with scenes of the fall of
Mr. Govorukhin films a police funeral
maneuvers that are required to get any
The first few minutes are searing. Mr.
in Queens, with thousands of cops in atten-
the Berlin Wall, with giddy East Germans
thing accomplished in the Soviet Union
delirious to be liberated from socialism: As
the lights come up in the theater, my Rus-
sian host is shaking; and tears of rage and
frustration run down her face It takes her
a few minutes to compose herself. But she
invites us to her apartment
Like many Soviet apartment buildings,
the hallways are crumbling and smell of
urine: But inside the apartment, she, her
husband and her mother in law have built
a lovely home. Beautiful Russian religious
licons, some from the 17th century, hang on
the walls. Dinner is a generous helping of
fruits, pastries and a homemade custard.
There is no way to get material for a main
course. Afterward she modestly shows us
some of her astonishing drawings- and
sings Russian songs in an unexpectedly
pure and brilliant voice. She is only 20, her
husband somewhat older, but they are as-
toundingly well-read and can quote long
patches of poetry, like many intelligent
young Russians. They give us flowers to
take home, and the afternoon leaves us
with the impression. SO common in the So-
viet Union, that the country has the best
people on earth and the worst.
Mr. Brooks is an editorial writer for
The Wall Street Journal Europe.
Photocopy-Preservation
THE WASHINGTON POST
Charles Krauthammer
The Unipolar Moment
Enjoy it now. It won't last long.
The just concluded deal of the half
vised by the Bush administration
able but still irrational. We see no
century between German Chancel-
after the fall of the Berlin Wall: a
prospect, as does erstwhile
lor Helmut Kohl and Soviet Pres-
unified Germany within a NATO
Thatcher trade minister Nicholas
ident Mikhail Gorbachev will proba-
reconfigured to be less threatening
Ridley, of the Hun running wild:
bly be remembered as the
to a defunct Warsaw-Pact.
Moreover, it is hard to fathom
instrument of Soviet surrender in
Moreover, the crux of the
what is the danger, other than to
the Cold War. Gorbachev agreed to
Soviet-German agreement is that
pride, of a German economy that
the transfer of East Germany,
Germany remain tied to the Atlan-
dominates the continent. Bundes
whole, to the Western Alliance: We
tic Alliance Another way of stating
bank dominance already exists.
and the Communists split Korea.
this is that the Soviet Union and
Moreover, its effect on neighboring
They got Indochina. In 1977, we
economies-helping to restrain in-
even had a straight swap of Ethlopia
flation, for example-has been
for Somalia. But all these contests
pale beside the transfer to the West,
The
most salutary.
The real danger in Germany's
for cash and a few draft choices, of
rebirth lies in the realm of psychol-
Russia's great World War II prize,
Kohl-Gorbachev
ogy. German unification is reawak-
its German buffer state.
ening ancient fears, reviving now
This surrender marks a unique
agreement was
obsolete intra-European Realpolitik
historical phenomenon, which
and returning Europe to the shifting
might be called the moment of
exactly what the
alliance system that had been forci-
unipolarity. The bipolar world in
bly suppressed during the Cold War:
which the real power emanated.
Bush
Last March, Prime Minister
only from Moscow and Washington
Margaret Thatcher held a meeting
is dead. The multipolar world to
administration
about the future of Germany with
which we are headed, in which
several British and American intel-
power will emanate from Berlin
wanted, only
lectuals. One of the ideas bruited
and Tokyo, Beijing and Brussels, as
about was the need for Britain to
well as Washington and Moscow, is
sooner.
strengthen Russia as a counter to
struggling to be born. The transi-
Germany. This recapitulation of an
tion between these two worlds is
idea a century old (the Triple En-
now, and it won't last long. But the
Germany have agreed that their
tente, the British-French-Russian
instant in which we are living is a
security, and Europe's, require the
alliance that balanced a newly unit-
moment of unipolarity, where
continued presence on the conti-
ed Germany) is a chilling reminder
world power resides in one reason-
nent of the United States. That is
of the power of memory.
ably coherent, serenely dominant,
no mean achievement.
The danger for Europe (and for
entity: the Western alliance, un-
What makes the United States
us) is that these old memories will
challenged and not yet (though
the universal choice for European
reproduce the old Realpolitik. Eu-
soon to be) fractured by victory.
stabilizer and German babysitter is
rope has grown too small for bal-
The West's ability to dictate the
that the United States is the only
ance-of-power politics. Its revival
future of Germany (as late as
Atlantic or European power not
would not just bring back the bal-
March Gorbachev declared a unit-
viscerally afraid of Germany.
kanized state system that brought
ed Germany in NATO "absolutely
Americans are able to view with
Europe such\grief in this century.
out of the question") is only the
some equanimity the reemergence
It would wreck the current move
most dramatic manifestation of its
of Germany as the dominant power
toward European unity, Europe's
Photocopy-Preservation
dominance. Unipolarity is felt all
in Europe. Americans find Europe-
only hope for transcending its frat-
over the world, as far away as, say,
an fears of Germany understand-
ricidal past.
Syria. This week's reconciliation of
President Assad of Syria (Soviet
ally) with President Hosni Mubarak
of Egypt (American ally) is a direct
result of the end of Cold War bipo-
larity. Syria cannot play East
against West, East having resigned
the game: Unable to rely on the
Soviet bloc in its struggle with Iraq
and Israel, Syria, by accommodat-
ing Egypt, is making a move to-
ward the West, the one remaining
allocator of geopolitical goods.
The unipolar moment will be
brief. By year's end, Germany will
not only be fully sovereign but a
free agent in the international are-
na. The shape of multipolar things
to come became apparent at the
Houston economic summit. Germa-
ny tried to get the alliance to give
aid to the Soviet Union, The Unit-
ed States vetoed the idea. But Ger-
many, now the dominant European
power outside Russia, will proceed
with its own Soviet aid program.
Japan did the same, though, as
usual, with less flair than its old
Axis partner. It proposed the lifting
of some Western sanctions against
China. That too was shot down as
alliance policy. But the Japanese,
asserting their regional indepen-
dence and dominance, are proceed-
ing with their own aid to China.
Germany is emerging as the re-
gional superpower in Europe, as is
Japan in Asia. Nonetheless the cur-
rent laments about the eclipse of
America are premature. (After an-
other decade or two of impoverish-
ing deficits, however, they won't
be.) The United States remains the
world's only global superpower.
The Kohl-Gorbachev agreement
was exactly in accord with the
blueprint for the new Europe de-
BY OHLSSON
GOP Tax Targets-State by State
BY PAUL MERSKI
New York, Massachusetts and Maryland, which bear the greatest
President Bush and senior Republican congressmen last week
per-capita burden of state and local income taxes, will naturally be
announced they had agreed on a budget proposal to cap the amount
the victims of any reduction in the deductibility of those taxes. (New
of state and local income taxes taxpayers can deduct on their federal
Jersey citizens will approach the top of the list after Gov. James
tax returns. The plan would cap deductions at $10,000. If passed
Florio's new tax increases kick in.) Residents of these same states
and implemented, the plan will have widely different effects. The
are already among those that pay the highest total per-capita
increased burden caused by reducing federal deductions for state
federal taxes. Thus New Yorkers, citizens of Massachusetts, and
and local taxes will be borne unevenly by the states. The result will
Marylanders will all feel more strongly the bite of the tax burden
be a list of "winning" and "losing" states with respect to their
their states impose on them.
residents' tax burdens.
Conversely, the federal tax liability of residents in states that have
It is widely taken for granted that most tax deductions benefit
no income tax will not change one cent if the deductibility of state
only the wealthy. But approximately 70% of all itemized deductions
income tax is eliminated. Currently, seven states-Florida, Nevada,
benefit the middle-income ranges. Of the numerous exclusions and
South Dakota, Texas, Washington, Wyoming and Alaska-impose no
deductions, those for pension contributions, mortgage interest on
individual income tax. Three states-Connecticut, New Hampshire,
homes, payments from employers for medical insurance and care,
and Tennessee-impose no levy on earned income, taxing interest
state and local income and property taxes, and Social Security
and dividends only. (Connecticut also taxes capital gains.) Although
benefits account for more than half the amount going to individuals.
residents of such states do not gain absolutely, they do gain relative
These deductions are popular because they benefit millions of
to those of high income-tax states. The new disparity might well
Americans. With the exception of direct Social Security and
cause people to "vote with their feet" and move from high-tax states
Medicare payments, they provide the biggest middle-class benefit in
to lower-tax states. In this age of computers and faxes, why choose
the federal budget.
to live in high-tax states like New York or New Jersey at all?
Reducing or eliminating the current deductibility of state and
local income taxes will have a great impact on citizens of states that
Mr. Merski is director of fiscal affairs at the Tax Foundation in
use these two forms of taxation as their major source of tax revenue.
Washington, D.C.
Per-Capita State and Local Income Taxes
PER-CAPITA
PER-CAPITA
PER-CAPITA
STATE
INCOME TAXES
RANK
STATE
INCOME TAXES
RANK
STATE
INCOME TAXES
RANK
New York
$876.18
1
Iowa
$375.77
18
Alabama
$238.51
35
Maryland
773.59
2
Pennsylvania
374.44
19
West Virginia
210.12
36
Massachusetts
676.64
3
Vermont
362.05
20
New Mexico
201.55
37
Minnesota
609.57
4
Indiana
352.15
21
North Dakota
170.94
38
Delaware
606.27
5
Colorado
351.39
22
Mississippi
134.82
39
Hawaii
569.76
6
Kentucky
345.12
23
Louisiana
130.60
40
Wisconsin
477.85
7
New Jersey
331.26
24
Connecticut
108.89
41
Oregon
463.91
8
Kansas
331.19
25
New Hampshire
27.51
42
Maine
460.76
9
Missouri
329.42
26
Tennessee
16.27
43
Virginia
458.50
10
South Carolina
328.84
27
Alaska
0
44
Ohio
455.14
11
Montana
302.82
28
Florida
0
44
California
454.34
12
Idaho
280.15
29
Nevada
0
44
North Carolina
429.09
13
Illinois
272.31
30
South Dakota
0
44
Michigan
428.58
14
Nebraska
269.68
31
Texas
0
44
Rhode Island
391.20
15
Oklahoma
256.87
32
Washington
0
44
Utah
377.23
16
Arkansas
249.23
33
Wyoming
0
44
Georgia
377.13
17
Arizona
245.83
34
Average
$364.00
Note: Seven states tie at rank 44 because they have no individual income tax.
Source: Tax Foundation, Fiscal Year 1988
8/2/90
Photocopy-Preservation
THE AMERICAN SPECTATOR
VOL. 23, NO. 5 / MAY 1990
Mary Eberstadt
PEGGY'S TURN
The hottest political memoir in a long, long time sometimes makes you wonder: if it hadn't been for Peggy Noonan's
literary gifts to Ronald Reagan and George Bush, why then Michael Dukakis might today be President!
Then there was this interesting meeting.
conjunctives and capital letters and
heaving down the street, four children strag-
speechwriter since at least the Kennedy
'm getting ahead of myself in terms of the
italics-yes, there are lots of italics-
gling behind her as she pulls roughly on the
narrative, but why not?)
years, maybe the best-known speech-
and onomatopoeic spellings and idio-
arm of the youngest, whose mouth is ringed
(I'm even going to do a "digression. The
writer of all time. She wrote fine
syncratic punctuation and, parentheses
like a clown's by a cherry ice; she is huge
sentence that begins the preceding para-
and old and tired, she is carrying her fifth
speeches for President Reagan, some of
graph-"Then there was this interesting
(very important). And sentence frag-
child, and she is huge and old. She is
them outstanding: on the 40th anniver-
meeting"-is, and I really hate to admit this,
ments. But most of all, exclamation
thirty-two.
sary of D-Day, on John F. Kennedy, on
a thirtysomething sentence. It's how my
marks! Exclamation marks, and sim-
retarded generation talks.
,
the heroes of the Challenger space shut-
iles:
-Peggy Noonan
A story of how a girl who wanted more
tle She wrote during and after the '84
What I Saw at the Revolution
than that, a rebel with a love of books,
campaign, and she wrote the Presi-
A speech is poetry: cadence, rhythm, im-
goes from waitressing and an obscure
dent's touching farewell speech of 1989.
agery, sweep! A speech reminds us that
college to radio, from radio to writing
Mostly, she tells us (and when she
A
book is like
a thing in nature,
words, like children, have the power to make
for Dan Rather at CBS, from CBS to
doesn't, lots of other people in the
really, so endlessly variable, so
dance the dullest beanbag of a heart.
writing for Ronald Reagan at the White
book do!) she wrote
well
won-
variably endless. Like a flower was to
House, and finally back to New York.
derfully:
Georgia O'Keefe, who painted the same
But back to this book, it also has a
An opportunity tale for an opportunity
ones over and over as if to say, Look
story. A story of a girl from a poorish
time; Horatio Alger in Frye boots.
here! Look on this thing this way, and
"Peggy wrote the Pointe du Hoc speech,
Irish family who grew up in a neigh-
Mr. President. Eager Ben [Bently Elliott,
that, and that.
borhood where
the chief speechwriter). Reagan lights up.
(Where were we?) Well, What I Saw
N
ow this girl, I mean this woman,
"That's it. That was wonderful, it was like
at the Revolution, a memoir by former
became a speechwriter, and not
Flanders Fields.
as
the commonest sight in the suburbs, the
Reagan speechwriter Peggy Noonan, is
emblem of the age, was a hefty woman
only a speechwriter but the best-known
such a book. Not only a book but a hit,
After the speech [on JFK] Jacqueline Ken-
nedy Onassis had walked up to him [Presi-
a smash actually, the most talked-about
dent Reagan] "just glowing" and said in her
political book of the season, maybe
breathy voice, "Mr. President, nobody ever
more. Solidly glowing front-page re-
captured him like that. That was Jack."
views in the New York Times and
Washington Post book reviews; full-
The next morning [after Reagan's speech on
the Challenger space shuttle] there was a
page ads in same; excerpts in Mirabella
deluge. Secretary Shultz called me, Admiral
and the New York Times Magazine; a
Poindexter, Senator Chafee. Ann Higgins
boost by Joan Didion in the New York
sent up telegrams. A man sent words for a
Review of Books; respectful to rave
song, "They left us looking heavenward.
notices in the Washington Times, in the
Charles Jones, the manager of the White
House mail section, wrote, "l. ] please
Economist, in USA Today; a place on
excuse the intrusion, but I want to con-
the best-seller list; and more.
gratulate you on a great speech."
Now the thing about this book is, it
has gossip. Good gossip and good de-
I would get it [a draft] back from Ben. He
tails, mostly about Washington in the
would not have changed it much, but he
would have written little exclamation points
mid-1980s. It has some nice writing and
along the margins, and sometimes on some
sometimes some excellent writing, and
sections he would write, "Excellent!" And
it also has lots and lots of long sen-
I would be shocked that Ben's critical
tences with their run-ons and many
faculties had failed him. Then I would read
over the speech and realize for the first time
that it was actually pretty brilliant, so
'Random House, $19.95.
delicate and yet so vital, so vital and yet so
tender.
Mary Eberstadt is executive editor of
the National Interest. She was a
She also wrote, briefly, for George
member of the State Department's Pol-
Bush, giving him the "kinder, gentler
icy Planning Staff between 1985 and
Spring
nation" and "thousand points of light"
1987.
phrases that endure to this day. And
14
THE AMERICAN SPECTATOR MAY 1990
Photocopy-Preservation
that speech, too, went
you know:
in more, well
declarative
form:
with a long nose peeking over a wall and
War I: never have so many fought so hard
saying "No More Mr. Nice Guy!" He sent
for such barren terrain.
I still like that speech; I reread it the other
well, the hard-core movement people
notes to George Shultz on them.
day. I felt as if I'd pulled together the strings
were so well, you know how it is with
He sent money to strangers and friends.
when I thought of him in those days,
of the highest, strongest kites, tied them
intense people in an intense environment,
Once he wrote someone a check for a hun-
it was as a gigantic heroic balloon floating
together, and handed it off to a man who
and so many of these guys were fish who
dred dollars, and the recipient couldn't cash
in the Macy's Thanksgiving day parade,
used it to lift him up high-ten points [in
swam upstream, and add to that the dif-
it because it was signed Ronald Reagan and
right up there between Superman and Big
the polls] and fourteen points, and higher.
ficult natures that politics often draws and
the cashier at the bank said that was worth
Bird,
movements draw, and
and add all that
more than the amount. Ronald Reagan had
up and you get
well
what you get
to call the bank and arrange for it to give
Did he write at night, alone, in his diary,
(Now at this point some people may
is a bunch of creepy little men with creepy
the money. This happened a number of
like Claudius: "They all think I am un-
be wondering, But, didn't ten or twen-
little beards who need something to seethe
times.
aware, but I know of their m-m-m-machi-
ty other people also write speeches for
nations, am not as d-dull as they imagine,
Ronald Reagan? And 1 think they prob-
or as removed."
ably did. But, except for once or twice,
Now this girl, I mean this woman, became a
you won't find their speeches men-
But this is a memoir and as in any
tioned in this book. And you won't
speechwriter, and not only a speechwriter but
memoir not everybody in it is ridicu-
find much about those other speech-
the best-known speechwriter since at least the
lous or laughable or dumb. "Brilliant":
writers either. Maybe that's because this
that's Richard Darman. "He and his
is a personal memoir. Or maybe it's be-
Kennedy years
wife are bright and warm": Donny
cause "They [the other speechwriters]
Graham, publisher of the Washington
tended to be sad sacks and complain,
Post. "The gifted columnist": Meg
and resentment isn't a magnetic per-
on (State Department cookie pushers!*
But as I think it was Dürrenmatt
Greenfield. "Grace meets grace": that's
sonal style.")
George Bush! the Trilateral Commission!),
said, no man can survive his biog-
Ted Kennedy, responding to a speech
Now anyone who's been to Washing-
some hate to live for. [ellipses in the
rapher, and the funny thing about this
ton knows you can't leave town without
original]
by Ronald Reagan. "Sophisticated, ex-
book is that the sharpest similes and
perienced": George Shultz. A writer of
scores to settle and you can bet your
1 think they go home and they fall asleep
the most quotable quotes about Rea-
"essays of great beauty, fluidity and
Susan B. Anthony that plenty of them
at eleven-oh-three and get up at five-forty-
gan
show well, show something
knowingness": Francis X. Clines of the
are settled here. Nancy Reagan is
five and go jogging and then they cat cereal
else about him:
New York Times. "That intelligent
"Mommy," "Evita," "the Hairdo with
with the kids and correct their homework
woman": Elizabeth Drew. A man of
at the table and come in at seven-fifteen
Anxiety"; "a Galanosist, a wealthy,
with their briefcases and say, "Good morn-
the battle for the mind of Ronald
"high standards"; a "terrific writer for
well-dressed woman who follows the
ing! What can we do to advance traditional
Reagan was like the trench warfare of World
broadcast": Bill Moyers. "Open-mind-
common wisdom of her class." On
values today?"
Larry Speakes: "his face is sensuous
and dumb." Robert McFarlane "decid-
Now it's true that Ronald Reagan
ed long ago, as young people some-
(Ronald Reagan, that's who Peggy
Writers, Researchers!
times do, that intelligent people speak
Noonan wrote speeches for) was also
in an incomprehensible manner.
something of a conservative and that
Gain Complete Control Over Your
Michael Deaver leaked to the press; he
many reviewers have remarked upon
slighted speechwriters; he had "a liking
the kind treatment, the outright adula-
Scattered Notes, Memos, Clippings,
for P-words." Maureen Reagan's "face
tion, he is said to receive in this book.
was like the face of Bette Davis in The
And it's true that at times he is de-
Research Papers,And Letters
Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex
scribed nicely, even poignantly: "He is
In Just 8 Minutes A Day!
when Errol Flynn did something im-
probably the sweetest, most innocent
pertinent."
man ever to serve in the White House."
Paper clutter makes you ineffi-
cient, frustrated, and can really hurt
"This program saved my neck when
"He had courage. "He wasn't in it for
your career. Youcan't find things when
faced with teaching two new courses and
the ego; he was actually in it to do
you need them. You waste precious
only two months to prepare. Squarenote
T
hen there are the conservatives.
good." In fact most of the book's best
time searching for needed documents
gathered all the research, organized it, and
There are some nice words in the
printed outmy lecture notes. A basic,
writing-its most insightful and feeling
or information. Worst of all, you lose
essential tool for anyone doing research.
book about people who happen to be
prose-is reserved for Reagan: his boy-
some of your best ideas, just when
ECS, Ilion, NY.
conservatives, for example Pat Buchan-
hood struggles, his consequent feel for
they would do the most good for your
an and Bill Bennett. But about conser-
the American Everyman, his unflag-
career. All because of paper clutter.
We are making a special offer
vatives qua conservatives
well,
ging, all-embracing sense of humor.
But in just 8 minutes a day, with
to readers of the American Spectator
that's something else again.
(Chapter 8, which takes Reagan as its
Squarenote™ on your IBM PC or
who have been among our most loyal
Now you may be thinking, Hold on,
chief subject, is both the best in the
compatible, you can gain complete
users and buyers for years. Call us
isn't Peggy Noonan herself a conser-
book and one of the finest impres-
control over your scattered notes, clip-
now at 9222, or write us at the
vative? and the answer is yes, she says
sionistic accounts of Reagan in print.)
pings, letters and documents. Locate
address below. Send No Money. Just
she is, meaning: she is anti-Commu-
There are some wonderful anecdotes:
any document, clipping, phone num-
mention this ad, and we'll send you a
nist, anti-abortion, and pro-economic
ber, name, or idea in seconds. You'll
copy of Squarenote to try, at our risk,
growth. But she is also a writer, and
He had a tact and delicacy so great that I
never lose an idea again! You'll actu-
for 30 days.
when "you're a writer," she says, "you
suspect no one has ever been embarrassed
ally see the tops of your filing cabinets
don't have a side." And maybe that's
in his presence.
and desks, slim down your briefcase,
Try it. Clean up your desk and
Once he went down to Jacksonville,
and clean out your pockets.
briefcase! Preserve those precious
why so many of the things she writes
Florida, to meet with a big group of high
ideas! If after 30 days of use you want
about conservatives make them sound
school students. And a boy stood up and
Squarenote is the easiest-to-
to keep it, send us just $99, (a savings
well pretty awful. Sometimes
asked a question, a young kid with a thick
learn, easiest-to-use software ever
of $100 from our list price of $199).
funny things are quoted about them
southern accent and a speech impediment.
created for the PC. It's for writers and
Or return it and you owe us nothing.
without comment:
No one could make out what he was saying.
researchers, not computer experts. It
Call now!
When the student finally finished the presi-
runs on any PC.
dent leaned forward and said, "You know,
PC Magazine's
Yeah, said someone across a dinner table,
I'm awfully sorry, but I've got this hearing
if conservatives are so interested in tradi-
aid here, and I can't understand. I'm so
What Squarenote does for you
Editor's Choice Award
sorry," he said, as he put his hand to his
is to collect all your information into
tional values how come half of them are
faggots-I mean total flaming lulus?
ear. And the boy nodded. "That's all right,"
one accessible, printable, sortable
UnionSquareware
he said, with sympathy and grace.
index card file... like the card files you
27 St. Mary's Court, Brookline, MA 02146
have used for years.
Telephone 617-277-9222
Sometimes conservatives are described
A citizen sent him stationery with a nerd
ЧЕ AMERICAN SPECTATOR MAY 1990
15
Photocopy-Preservation
ed and fair"; "as corny and emotional
Gekko say in Wall Street, "It's a zero-sum
and soft black boots. "That's not so bad,"
about America as a drunken YAFer";
game."
W
ell, what about it? As Ben Elliott
she said, "but everybody here at your par-
said in a letter to National
"I've always liked him": Dan Rather.
ticular level wears suits with a sort of man-
Review, Noonan "helped to make a
tailored blouse and a scarf or a tie. But
And so on. The West Wing was full of
what's really different is your hair. You have
great man greater; so if, along the way,
"the daughters of millionaires" like
this long, free-flowing hair.'
she has also reaped a small share of the
N
ow the fact is, nothing is easily
"Miss Catsupfortune" and "Miss Dad-
credit, what's wrong with that?" What
gotten to, all the time, that's
dysalobbyist.' "Beware the rich, who
[Nancy Reagan] looked down at what was
indeed? Now many people would say,
worth getting to. (Ooops! I know that
are overrepresented in politics.' "Well
wearing, which was, unfortunately, a
wrinkled khaki skirt and a blue work shirt
Nothing; and as William F. Buckley
sentence should have gone, say, "Some-
all right, maybe all rich men are
and heavy walking shoes with white woolen
pointed out in National Review a few
times it's hard to get what you want."
thieves "But my only real com-
socks. She looked me, and down, and
months ago (in an editorial retracting
But it's got authenticity this way; I like
plaint was that Darman was a million-
swear her mouth curled.
the magazine's former criticism of
it.) There were, for example, the
aire
I was so excited I dressed nicely, with an ex-
Peggy Noonan) (which was published
"mice," the assistants to Donald Regan
Or maybe it was the male thing:
pensive sweater and a truly adult Norma
after Peggy Noonan and two of Peggy
and others who took it into their heads
"What do you expect, it's a totally
Kamali black linen skirt.
Noonan's former bosses wrote in and
to edit speeches. But you always have
masculine culture.' In Washington,
complained about National Review
[When] the job of head of the Office of
your nay-sayers, your wet blankets,
"men were completely in charge."
Public Liaison opened up. Pat
[Bu-
complaining about her)
well,
as
your guy who takes his hammer to the
"When men are in politics together, les-
chanan] asked me to come by.
Mr. Buckley pointed out, it's hard
Pieta. Some said they resented how the
tosterone poisoning makes them in-
"I read your memo. Shelley read it too,
to be indignant about, uh, "taking
Times and the Post and the networks
credit" when Reagan himself didn't
always "found out," as the book puts
seem to mind the networks "finding
it, who had written a speech the day it
Now you may be thinking, hold on, isn't Peggy
out" and the papers "finding out"
was delivered. There were other com-
and Random House and the rest of
Noonan herself a conservative?
plaints 100. Some said she was in it for
us "finding out" who wrote his
the ego! Some said she wrote like a girl!
words.
Mostly it probably came down to the
So you can forget about the taking-
jealousy thing. "I don't-know what to
sane." "The members [of Congress]
and she said something interesting. She said
credit thing and what some might call
think about jealousy. I couldn't believe
were held together at least to a degree
why not Peggy Noonan?" "Oh Pat. I don't
the exploitation-of-real-tragedies thing,
Regan was jealous, but the others?
by a leveling crudity, by the common
know. I don't have enough clothes."
they're not the problems here. You can
Yes." Or maybe the class thing, what
coin of sexual sameness." "If you are
forget about why it is that people who
with the "Harvardheads" in the White
a woman and you get the boys mad
And sometimes there were just those
can write perfectly nicely, sometimes
House and the State Department guys
they will act like baaaaaad boys and
days, like the day the Challenger blew
beautifully, why it is that when people
with their "little bitty wire-rim glasses
send, as a member of the speech com-
up. As the book puts it, "The shuttle
like that start talking about themselves
and wives named Sydney." The class
mittee did, memos that begin, 'You're
had gone kaboom, leaving the neigh-
they put out these long sentences that
thing, and the related thing about all
cute when you're angry!' (PS:
borhood optimist embarrassed at the
go whooshing through the pages like
those people in government who are
sometimes there was both the jealousy
cookout." You remember the Chal-
a train in an Alfred Hitchcock movie.
well, you know (I won't say it but
thing and the male thing because
lenger. the terrible trail of smoke, the
You can even forget, if you like, that
it rhymes with "bitch"):
"when a woman at work in a male en-
weeping families and crowds. Peggy.,
every one=every onel-of the people
vironment draws jealousy there's little
Noonan remembers it too: the terror of
ridiculed in this book is already, as
I know it's not polite, 1 know class an-
she can do.")
the blank word processor, the horror of
every hostess and journalist and of-
tagonism is distressingly retro, but the prob-
Also, there was the clothes-and-
the ticking clock, the agonizing urge
ficial in Washington knows, Out, Fin-
lem with the rich in America is that they
accessories thing:
for a cigarette (just quit, and anyone
ished, Passé. And that almost all of the
are often embarrassed by their affluence,
ashamed they have more (ashamed they
who's done it knows how that feels!).
people praised in it are-how did Ron-
want morel). They believe, as the born-in-
A secretary told me, "You dress different."
But in the end the speech came out
ald Reagan put it?-better off than
affluence director Oliver Stone had Gordon
I was at that time partial to long black skirts
fine, it really did, because "the staffing
they were four years ago. (Some au-
process had no time to make it bad."
thors remember the little people who
Darman called it "perfect." The Presi-
helped them make it!) (This author
dent called with thanks. ("I wanted to
remembers the big ones!)
say: you know, I didn't have a cig-
No, as T.S. Eliot said somewhere,
arette.") All agreed: it was a "great
That is not it at all. No, the thing
speech."
about this book is the same old thing
And in fact, it was. Now the funny
about people who live in places like
thing about the Challenger speech was,
Georgetown and Manhattan and go to
it was not only dignified and elegiac,
the best parties and then tell everybody
it was also a speech that marked a turn-
else how awful the rich are. It's the
ing point of sorts for Peggy Noonan.
thing about people who call themselves
Because although it was horrible the
conservatives and then make their
way they died, really a tragedy, in
names mocking the GOP and all those
Washington one mourns between phone
"creepy little men" in it who will never
calls, and before the funerals were over
really Make It or get invited to the
the networks and the newspapers and
kinds of parties and dinners that those
the magazines and really just about
who have Made It like to complain
everybody had "found out" who'd
about. It's the thing about women
written the speech; and if you go to
who are talented and accomplished and
Nexis today and punch in "Peggy
successful and who still carry on as
Noonan" you are bound to find "au-
if they are forever getting their livers
thor of the Challenger speech" close
yanked out like Prometheus. Maybe
by; and to this day there are more
there should be a name for some-
Americans alive who know Peggy-
body with all those things. Maybe it's
Noonan-wrote-the-Challenger speech
Norma Kamali-ist, as in: a wealthy
than there are people who can tell you
enough, chicly dressed woman who fol-
the names of more than one of those
lows the common wisdom of her new
heroic astronauts.
class.
16
THE AMERICAN SPECTATOR MAY 1990
Photocopy-Preservation
A10
REVIEW & OUTLOOK
Poindexter's Punishment
REP: JAMIE WHITTEN: Are you
stitutional system will surely sicken
aware of any agreement, any assur
and. eventually; die
ance, by yourself or anyone else in
Mr. Walsh didn't show any such
high government office, to Khrush-
concern about lying by his clients, the
chev that if he would withdraw at the
Members of Congress who created his
time under the conditions that you
job and to whom he must report.
showed us, the U.S. would thereby
While Judge Greene required former
commit itself to any particular course
President Reagan to testify, he upheld
of action?
the prosecutor's objection to the Poin-
SECRETARY OF DEFENSE ROB
dexter request that some 65 Members
ERT MCNAMARA: I am not only un
of Congress and their staffers testify
aware of any agreement, it is incon
about what they knew about Iran-Con-
ceivable to me that our President
tra and when they knew it. In SO do:
would enter into a discussion of any
ing, Judge Greene accepted Mr.
such agreement. Moreover there
Walsh's argument that it was irrele-
were absolutely no undisclosed agree-
vant to argue that Members of Con-
ments associated with the withdrawal
gress lied when they said they were
of the Soviet missiles from Cuba.
misled about Oliver North's work for
In a recent book, McGeorge Bundy
the Contras.
calls Mr. McNamara's premeditated
Mr. Poindexter testified to Con-
lie to a congressional committee
gress that the executive branch was
"most justified deception. The coun
abiding by the letter and spirit of the
try eventually learned that President
Boland amendments. His meaning
Kennedy had agreed to remove Ju-
was clear to everyone. Congress had
piter missiles from Turkey in ex
voted down bills that would have
change for the Soviets ending the mis
barred all U.S. government aid to the
sile crisis "There certainly would
Contras. The Boland compromise was
have been criticism from hardliners
that the CIA and otherwagencies were
in the U.S., Mr. Bundy wrote, but
prohibited from using appropriated
"the assurance itself and the secrecy
funds to help the Contras, but the
with which we surrounded it were jas
White House and its National Security
tified."
Council could strive to keep the Con-
tras alive. As President Reagan testi-
Justified or not, no independent
fied, he would have sent a similar let
counsel ever prosecuted Mr. McNa
ter to Congress except that (If had
mara. John Poindexter is not SO
written it myself, I might have used a
lucky. On Monday, Judge Harold
little profanity.
Greene must decide his proper pun
A National Security Agency staffer
ishment: Mr Poindexter, was not
testified in the Poindexter case that
charged with any understandable
there were several secret congres
crime-Independent Counsel Law
sional briefings during the Boland pe-
rence Walsh didn't allege that the di
riod about executive-branch aid to the
version of Iran arms sales to the Con
Contras. Still, Rep. Lee Hamilton tes
tras broke any law-but with conspir
tified that Boland was drafted to
acy and misleading and obstructing
cover Mr. North. We don't think Mr.
Congress. For this he could get 25
McNamara, Mr. Poindexter or Mem-
years and a $1.25 million fine.
bers of Congress should go to jail for
Judge Greene may feel under some
these kinds of misleading statements.
pressure to make Mr. Poindexter the
Does anyone think we should have in-
first Iran-Contra defendant sent to
dicted Members of Congress who
jail. On the other hand, as the AT&T
failed to deliver on promised spending
judge who oversees the U.S. telecom-
cuts after President Reagan raised
munications industry, Judge Greene
some taxes early in his term? Should
hardly needs to prove that he is ener-
we criminalize assurances by Con-
getic. But to imprison Mr. Poindexter
gressmen that the pending "civil
would most certainly align the federal
rights" bill won't create quotas? In
judiciary on the side of congressional
our system, voters not jurors decide
criminalizing of policy differences
when officials need to be punished for
with the executive branch.
their policies.
Independent Counsel Lawrence
So what is suitable punishment for
Walsh, who has so far spent more
Mr. Poindexter? Mr. North was fined
than S28 million, has filed papers de-
and sentenced to community service
manding that Mr. Poindexter go to
fighting drugs in Washington. How
jail. "If, as occurred in this case,
about sentencing Mr. Poindexter to
high-ranking officials of one branch of
community service lecturing on sena-
Photocopy-Preservation
Now the Hard Part
Behind the bright lights of the anti-
in 1960 eased press and cultural re-
communist revolution that has swept
strictions, the issue of Czech domina-
Eastern Europe lie the cold details of
tion of the other nationalities once
remaking nations and their econo-
again caught fire. Jan Carnogursky,
mies, It is important that the West not
one of Slovakia's leading human-
lose interest as these incipient democ
rights and religious activists, and who
racies now take up the hard part. For
emerged from prison as the Novem-
Czechoslovakia, that begins this week-
ber revolution began to unfold, wants
end as citizens go to the polls for the
Slovakia to apply as a separate entity
first free election in 42 years.
for membership to the Common Mar-
The country's new Parliament will
ket. He could succeed this weekend in
be drafting a constitution, an under-
leading his right-wing Christian Dem-
taking no less important than the task
ocratic Party to victory over the Civic
that confronted the Founders of the
Forum's Slovakian affiliate. Vaclav
United States 200 years ago. This will
Havel, Czechoslovakia's current and
be the fifth version of the country's
undoubtedly future president, has
constitution since the Czech lands of
been crisscrossing the country trying
Bohemia and Moravia united with Slo-
to defuse the issue, but without much
vakia in 1918. The current squabbling
success.
between the country's-Czechs and Slo-
Since all parties. agree that the
vaks reflects an identity crisis that
country needs to adopt a market econ-
has haunted Czechoslovakia through-
omy, tough issues such as privatiza-
out its history.
tion, currency reform and the devel-
The internal divisions among the 10
opment of capital markets rank low in
million Czechs, five million Slovaks
the electioneering. Despite this prom-
plus Hungarian, German, Polish,
ising consensus on economic policy,
Ruthenian and Romany nationalities
the people responsible for it will need
have made the country easy prey to
solid political support, not factional-
external and internal predators. The
ism, if they are to have the courage to
Slovaks have felt all along that the
carry through on these reforms.
THE
dominant Czechs reneged on a prom
ise of Slovak autonomy. But it wasn't
The longer Czechoslovakia remains
until about the 20th birthday of Czech
adrift in its constitutional void the
oslovakia before Slovaks could find
greater the danger to all the good that
someone to take up their cause The
it has achieved and to its great future
tragedy was that that someone turned
potential. (Voters also go to the polls
out to be Adolf Hitler.
this weekend in Bulgaria, a: country
When the Fuhrer swooped down on
whose long road to recovery is sug
Czechoslovakia, in 1938, he renamed
gested by the fact that, unique among
the country "Czecho-Slovakia," with a
East European countries today one
hyphen and a capital S, the same
still sees the Soviet flag flying.
spelling Slovakian separatists have
Whether a consensus can be
been demanding this year. The 1948
reached in Czechoslovakia on the sov-
communist coup etat brought Czech-
ereignty of the state hinges on the
oslovakia under a Stalinist constitu-
ability of political leaders at a crucial
tion. Perversely, Communist rule had
point in their country's history to de-
the effect of unifying the country. The
vise a federal structure that recog-
political and cultural liberties of the
nizes the authority of the majority,
Czechs were trampled as much as
while it extends to nationalities collec-
those of the other nationalities. Anti-
tive political rights sufficient to sat-
communism was a sentiment all
isfy them. Such an extraordinary
groups could support.
achievement would be a first in East-
But when constitutional tinkering
ern Europe.
Asides
Sick Terrorism
ten-violent threats to necessary ani-
mal research delay cures for many
The federal government's top ex-
serious diseases. He complained about
pert has determined that animal-
"major disruptions to science by so-
rights activists can be bad for your
called animal activists who are, in
health. Health and Human Services
fact, nothing more than animal rights
Secretary Louis Sullivan says-their of-
terrorists."
Photocopy-Preservation
TUESDAY, MAY 2, 1989 A15
Now that may have been 80 for We
Roosevelt, a charismatic Democrat
responding to a deep and clearly de-
finable crisis and to wide public dis-
Philip Geyelin
enchantment with a failed Republican
presidency, For the ills he inherited,
Bush
FDR had a predecessor of the opposi-
tion party to blame. To a degree, the
same may be said of almost every
modern president: Reagan, Carter,
Is No
Nixon, Kennedy, Eisenhower. But So-
rensen's dictum most emphatically
cannot be applied to a rather more
pedestrian Republican president, 126
FDR
George Bush, who is picking up after 790
a widely beloved president of his own est
party-a man he loyally served, with 1992
If Ronald Reagan had left behind
out a whisper of public disagreement Sme
anything remotely resembling Her-
for eight years as vice president,
УЭТО
bert Hoover's horrendous bequest to
That hardly provides him with aldT
Franklin D. Roosevelt, we would, just
"clean slate."
will
to begin with, be more likely to be
On the contrary, for the assorted
drowning in a torrent of progress
and in some cases intractable legacies
she
reports on the first 100 days of Presi-
he must deal with-a yawning budget
dent Michael Dukakis. There might,
deficit, bloated defense spending, the into:
then, be something in the way of ano:
trade imbalance, Third World debt, 9119
useful analogy.
the delayed fallout from Tran-contra, Non
As it is, there is nothing that seems gn:
the drug scourge, the homeless, the
to me to justify what we have been not
ferment in East-West relations and/or
subjected to in print and on the air in
within the Western Alliance-he hashing
commemoration of the hundredth day
no handy scapegoat, He also has no 1163
of the presidency of George Bush
easy way to take his distance from the
not
the "magical milestone," as one TV non 6
04
policies of his predecessor. For Bush,
TISC
talk show host put it. Why "magical"
the "Roosevelt test" simply doesn't
and why a "milestone" when Bush's
work,
first term has 1,361 days to go?
MSV
Indeed, the whole notion of a "hun-
You would have to be so politically SUS
dred day" test doesn't work when you
dormant as to qualify for membership
weigh the reviews of Bush's perfor-
on the Oliver North jury not to be 90°
mance against the record of almost
aware by now that the rationale for
every other modern president. He has
this ritual progress report on new 265
no "agenda," conveys no "mission,"
presidents rests on the near 100 days
reveals no "core philosophy," the pun-
it took FDR to respond to the calami-
dits complain, as if Bush had not more
ty of the Great Depression with a
than fulfilled the norm for platitudi-
TSN
monumental mass. of public works
nous pronouncements of noble pur
programs, banking reforms, foreign
poses. He is too ready to compromise, to
subsidies and all the other relief od
it is said, as if he is in a position tonuch
measures of the New Deal.
Just
overwhelm a Congress controlled by airth
What can all this have to do withhold
Democrats.
work
Bush? Almost nothing, other than the on
Frankly, I would agree that Bush
86
natural impulse of political analysts to
hasn't yet told us where "he wants to al
reach for instant historical analogies,
take the country by the year 2000" as
some critics insist he should have by and
aided and abetted by gang journalism
and the power of a popular cliche.
now. But no polls I have seen suggest 1600
The net of it, to my mind, has been to
that this is something the public is lique
put Bush to a premature presumptu-
clamoring to know. What the polls do limite
ous test-unfairly, more often than
suggest is that Bush has managed tomaco
not.
project a distinctively new and appar-bire
Not even the numbers add up. Un-
ently comforting image-not a Rea-ashi
der the timetable of those days, Roo-
gan clone, not a commanding figure sibit
but also not the wimp with a mean
sevelt was not inaugurated until
nont
March 4, giving him an extra six
geb
streak that SO many seemed to see
10M
weeks to get ready. A shaken Con-
610
not SQ long ago.
gress was conditioned to comply less
That's no mean accomplishment. 9Vd
It's also not such a bad beginning bilco
quickly; FDR did not face today
dragged-out security clearances andos?
when you consider the first "hundredutium
days" impressions conveyed by the br.
protracted confirmation proceedings.
pie-in-the-sky promises or pell-melhm
The countdown on his fabled "hun-exin
plunges of some of his predeces- nl
dred days" didn't start until March 9
The bell now ringing for Bush didn't
sors-Reagan's "balanced budget' interz
ring for Roosevelt until June 16, when
pledge, Carter's early, overly ambi- II
Congress finished its work,
ilc.
tious lunge into comprehensive nucle-
0000
ar arms talks with the Soviets, Ford's
Making that point and sensibly con-
pardon of Richard Nixon, Kennedy's ation
ceding a preference for careful "delib-
Bay of Pigs.
lair
eration" over "hubris and haste," The-rwy
odore C. Sorensen, former special
counsel for John F. Kennedy, argues
that Bush, through an excess of timid-
9112
ity, has squandered his "honeymoon
hundred. Maybe he has, if you accept
we
Sorensen's premise that "each new
president B offered free of charge atem
once-in-a-presidency opportunity tomo
write his national agenda on a unique-
ly clean slate for a uniquely attentive
audience."
Photocopy-Preservation
For Bush, the First 100 Days Have Offered Litt
To Provide Strength for the Tough Times Aheaa
By JAMES M. PERRY
Staff Reporter of THE WALL STREET JOURNAL
The Pundits On George Bush
WASHINGTON-After his first 100 days
in office, George Bush's poll ratings are
John Soars,
Kovin Phillips,
about average for a new president, but
Republican strategist
Republican
more and more he's seen as someone
"Making a choice is
theoretician
blending into the landscape, reacting to
always difficult for
"He's always react.
events or allowing power to swing to the
him. You have to
ing, never initiating."
prove yourself pre-
A
Democratic Congress.
dictable in some
Si
The Wall Street Journal's regular panel
fashion and stick
of political experts credits Mr. Bush with
G
to it."
surrounding himself with competent asso-
clates but worries he will have little to
th
fall back on when he and his administra-
Wi
tion face real adversity for the first
S&
time.
ch
"He has no constituency of his own,"
ch
says John Sears, a Republican strategist.
Th
"He doesn't have people who will just auto-
Alan Baron,
Peter Hart,
an
matically take his lead and go with him be-
Democratic
Democratic
Rt
cause they trust him or believe in him. So
strategist
poll taker
ne
he exists after a hundred days still sort of
"The big problems
"You know he's going
je
naked in office."
aren't going to be
to compromise on
solved by the best
ni-
every single thing."
"Jimmy Carter when he was high in the
and brightest
by
polls was as high as anyone," says Alan
mechanics. It comes
re
Baron, a Democratic strategist. "But when
down to the presi-
he started to drop, there was nothing to
dent's judgment.'
ca
stop his fall." Mr. Baron figures the same
G
sort of thing may happen to Mr. Bush.
pc
'Always Reacting'
L
a
"I can't recollect a previous situation
where a new president was being assessed
a
as not giving the country a sense of where
of the population that like him and could
tions on gun control and tuition tax credits,
e
he's going," says GOP theoretician Kevin
become a core for him for the harder days
and paid a price for it. 'You have to prove
Phillips. "He's always reacting. never Ini-
p
ahead."
yourself predictable in some fashion and
tiating. The public senses power is swing-
p
But the people he has tried to reach
stick to it," he says.
to
ing to Congress,' not necessarily a good
out to-upper-middle-class liberals-are
"The Fatal Thing'
S
thing, says Mr. Phillips, because voters
just the people who would bail out in times
"like Congress even less than the presi-
of adversity.
"The one thing that's predictable," says
Mr. Hart, "is you know he's going to com-
b
dent."
Oil Spill
"He just blends Into the landscape,"
promise on every single thing.'
P
says Peter Hart, a Democratic poll taker.
The Alaskan oil spill "symbolizes what
Mr. Phillips: "That's the fatal thing.
11
"If the landscape looks OK, Bush looks
he's all about," says Mr. Hart. Most politi-
Mr. Baron: "It's a very subtle kind of
a
OK." But "there Is no core constituency
clans "would have been outraged and
thing, whether you belleve this guy or not.
e
for him. He doesn't allenate any great
would have said, 'Heads are going to roll
But when Bush says he's going to do some-
P
body of voters at this stage but there's
and I'm taking numbers.' But he held his
thing like this [change positions there's
A
very little positive feeling about him." So,
balance and the event just overrode him,
immediate suspicion.'
V
as the landscape starts to change, every-
and that's always what seems to happen to
The panel agrees Mr. Bush has named
C
him."
competent people to serve him, but isn't
II
thing about him starts to change too.
It simply isn't enough to be a competent
The consequence was an environmental
swept off its feet by that fact.
m.
manager, the Journal's political sages
"PR disaster," according to Mr. Sears,
[Herbert Hoover had a terrific cabi-
le
agree. Mr. Bush seems to want to be "a
that ended any hope Mr. Bush might have
net," says Mr. Phillips. "I think where
Fortune 500 executive director" running
had of making a "quick alliance with that
would disagree with this administration is
to
the country, says Mr. Baron, or maybe
group."
that they feel that if they pick good people
la
the new Calvin Coolidge. That may work
Another problem in trying to reach out
and they put them in the right jobs they
ki
for a while. If Mr. Bush can avoid eco:
to upper-middle-class liberals is money,
be viewed as competent and they' handle
as
nomic bad times and conclude some suc-
says Mr. Phillips. "He [Mr. Bush won't
everything that comes
e1
cessful negotiations with the Soviets, he
spend money on anything, whether it's the
will go well. I don't believe that."
probably can escape a serious downturn in
environment or the minimum wage, day
"It's the old*insider fallibility,' says
his political fortunes for a year or more,
care or education.
Mr. Phillips. "Just when you need new
the panelists agree.
"He wants $441 million more for educa-
people and new, ideas what you get is the
Mr. Sears argues Mr. Bush should have
tion. That's lower than [junk-bond sales-
quintessence of the establishment out of a
spent his first 100 days-"the days that he
man Michael Milken's ball bond.'
third-term administration.
knows that he's not going to be in trouble
"Making a choice," says Mr. Sears, "is
"The big problems aren't going to be
In the polls-trying to build a constituency,
always difficult for him." Mr. Sears points
solved by the best and brightest me-
trying to become predictable to elements
out that the president has switched posi-
chanics, says Mr. Baron. "It comes down
to the president's judgment."
Bush Spent Most of His First 100 Days
The best thing going for Mr. Bush and
the Republicans, the panelists agree, is the
Ste
Democrats. For starters, three of the four
Cleaning Up Problems of Reagan Era
panelists agree (Mr. Hart reserves judg-
mi
ment) the Democrats need to replace em-
p:
battled House Speaker James Wright.
S
By GERALD F. SEIB
-Proposed raising the minimum wage
"They better get rid of him as soon as
и
And MICHEL MCQUEEN
to $4.25 an hour, while also instituting a
they can," says Mr. Baron. "He's got to
If
staff Reporters of THE WALL STREET JOURNAL
lower, six-month "training wage."
go, says Mr. Phillips. Mr. Sears agrees,
ti
WASHINGTON - President Bush says
-Unvelled an eight-point plan to In-
but figures the Democrats may fumble
he wants to be the president who prepares
crease International lending and American
it.
h
the U.S. for the century ahead, but so far
Investment in Poland.
Aggressive Strategy
ti
his most significant accompilshments have
-Proposed a new law and signed an ex-
More importantly perhaps, the panel-
T
involved cleaning up problems left over
ecutive order regulating ethics among gov-
from the past.
ernment officials and lawmakers.
ists agree, the Democrats need a more ag-
is
In his first 100 days in office, Mr. Bush
-Decided to pursue both the MX and
gressive strategy. Mr. Baron thinks the
fr
Midgetman mobile land-based missiles by
"loyal opposition" may be too loyal. Rep.
Si
and his aides have invested the most time
and political capital on dealing with three
fielding the MX immediately and continu-
Thomas Foley, Mr. Wright's likely succes-
ti
such urgent issues Inherited from the Rea-
ing development of the Midgetman.
sor as speaker, would be an improvement,
Ci
On many of these issues, Mr. Bush al-
Mr. Baron says, but neither Mr. Foley nor
f(
gan administration. The president's ear-
liest big initiative was his plan to ball out
ready has had to trim his salls, though. His
Senate leader George Mitchell "Is much of
an opposition politician."
ti
America's sickly savings-and-loan Indus-
budget agreement with Congress is widely
try-a plan that recently passed the Senate
viewed as too vague and flimsy, and
Democrats need to challenge Mr. Bush
largely unscathed.
more, the panelists say. Take him on, for
V
covers only one year rather than the de-
Next, his administration unvelled a new
sired two. Congress is about to pass a
example, on the minimum wage. Instead,
S)
proposal for addressing the festering Third
higher minimum wage than Mr. Bush
says Mr. Baron, they are too willing "to
C
World debt problem, under which the U.S.
wants, and the president Is expected to
compromise to get legislation through."
is shifting Its policy from one encouraging
veto the measure.
"Exactly right," says Mr. Hart. The
le
more bank lending to one that arranges
After repeatedly decrying the inequali-
problem, Mr. Hart concludes, "is that
le
debt reduction. Finally, Mr. Bush negoti-
ties in the ethics rules governing Congress
Democrats aren't afraid enough. They all
and the executive branch, Mr. Bush
came back after the 1988 election, a terri-
y
ated an agreement with Congress provid-
Ing for continued humanitarian ald for Nic-
dropped a key proposal In his ethics bill
ble wreck, and looked around to discover,
to
CC
aragua's Contra rebels, thereby ending
that would have equalized the require-
'Hey, we're all still here. So they have no
ments by banning congressional honorari-
sense of urgency."
to
years of bickering between the White
da
House and Capitol Hill over whether to
ums.
"They just sit around collecting their
ne
send military aid to the Contras.
Also, many lawmakers and education
PAC money," says Mr. Phillips.
J.i
Otherwise, Mr. Bush has acted on a
lobbylsts have criticized Mr. Bush's educa-
wide variety of disparate issues In his first
Meanwhile, the panellsts agree, the peo-
pa
tion initiative as too small to have a signif-
100 days-though critics contend his steps
ple's agenda isn't being met. "People be-
po
icant Impact. And environmentalists have
criticized what they consider a slow and
lieve everybody In Washington is making a
ch
don't amount to a clear plan of action and
in many cases are too small to make a dif-
deal for himself,' says Mr. Hart, "and no
fir
weak response to the Alaska oil spill.
one's fighting for our cause." If such mal-
de
ference. Among other things, Mr. Bush:
On some issues, Mr. Bush has simply
-Negotlated a budget agreement with
alse persists, the panellsts suggest, the ul-
ot
lost. He was defeated In an embarrassing
timate blame will rest with the top elected
"I
Congress to cut the federal budget deficit
fight with Congress over his first nominee
enough to meet the Gramm-Rudman-Holl-
official-the president.
fe
for defense secretary, John Tower, al-
ings targets.
Given Mr. Bush's problems, who will be
Di
though his second choice, Dick Cheney,
-Suspended imports of semi-automatic
was confirmed swiftly. And despite a con-
president in 1993?
sa
rifles that have been used in drug-related
tinuing push to persuade Congress to cut
"Maybe Bill Bradley," ventures Mr.
CO
crimes.
the capital-gains tax, key Democrats con-
Hart. Democrat Baron and Republicans
su
-Proposed a new $441 million education
tinue to balk at the Idea and It will be diffl-
Sears and Phillips are In agreement:
In
initiative.
cult to pass this year.
bli
George 11/78/89 Bush.
PAGE A8 / THURSDAY, JUNE 1, 1989
The Washington Times
Student hunger strike enters 7th day a
By Michael Breen
cathedral as hundreds of riot police
The hunger strikers are demand-
test may spread. One hundred five
SPECIAL TO THE WASHINGTON TIMES
took up positions nearby.
ing that the government "reveal the
students of the Seoul's Hankuk Uni-
[Later, club-swinging riot police
truth" about the mysterious death of
versity of Foreign Studies began a
SEOUL, South Korea - Hun-
arrested more than 600 students try-
student newspaper editor Lee Chol-
sympathy fast Monday at the col-
dreds of students protesting the
ing to march to the cathedral, The
gyu, whose body was found floating
lege's Yongin campus, 30 miles south
death of an activist entered the sev-
Associated Press reported.
in a reservoir near the southern city
of the capital.
enth day of a hunger strike at the
[About 5,000 troopers stopped
of Kwangju on May 10.
Dissidents claiming Mr. Lee was
Myongdong Catholic Cathedral yes-
1,000 students a few blocks away and
The students reject state prosecu-
tortured to death by police have
terday.
repeatedly charged into the column,
tors' findings that he fell into the
staged violent protests in Kwangju
€
Nurses rushed several students to
dragging away struggling students
water and drowned while evading
over the past two weeks.
(
the hospital for emergency treat-
in a confrontation that lasted four
police.
A dissident leader charged yes-
ment after they collapsed, and many
hours.
The Myongdong fast. which has
terday the the United States was in-
others were fed dextrose by medical
[Some riot police kicked and beat
been partly inspired by student pro-
volved in a coverup of the incident.
students.
screaming demonstrators as they
tests in China, has 50 far failed to
Bae Jong-yeul, co- chairman of
Last night the hunger strikers lit
were hauled away, the AP reported.
attract popular support or media in-
Chonminyon, an opposition coali-
candles as night fell and held a rally
Police said there were injuries but
terest here.
tion, claimed that a U.S. radar instal-
1
with dissidents at the steps of the
had no figures.]
But there are indications the pro-
lation on a hill near the reservoir
BUSH
paced his words to applause that was
a second or two behind the punch-
line. delayed by translation.
From page A1
One paragraph captured the tone
viets were prodded on the issue dur-
of the speech:
ing superpower summits in 1987 and
"For 40 years, the world has
1988, but the initiative then lan-
waited for the Cold War to end.
guished.
The time is right. Let Europe be
West Berlin is a democratic island
whole and free."
110 miles inside East Germany gov-
The speech was given at Rhein-
erned by World War II allies France,
goldhalle inside a convention center,
Britain and the United States.
ostensibly because the weather was
too unpredictable for an outdoor lo-
Berlin is divided by a 103-mile-
cation. Security considerations were
long wall built by the fourth wartime
cited by some officials as the real
ally. the Soviet Union, around the
reason.
three zones administered by the
Left-wing demonstrators, who op-
Western powers. The Soviets have
pose Mr. Bush's nuclear policy, were
not participated in the administra-
o
held at least a quarter mile away
tion of West Berlin since 1948, and
t
from the presidential motorcade by
the United States, France and Brit-
r
cordons of green-uniformed police
ain are virtually powerless in East
U
and soldiers with dogs.
Berlin.
Political posters representing the
West Germans fear that a united
Γ
four major parties in the June 15
Berlin would not fare well within
state election were plastered on
East Germany except under allied
y
walls and trash cans throughout
protection. and West German Chan-
t
Mainz.
cellor Helmut Kohl voiced that con-
An opposition Social Democratic
cern in a Tuesday night toast at the
AP
Party (SPD) poster featured a dra-
state dinner for Mr. Bush.
President Bush tastes wine at Oberwasal, a wine grower's village. while
matic photo of Mr. Bush and Mr. Gor-
West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl looks on.
"No one who seriously ponders
bachev that was headlined: "Trust
the situation of the divided city can
us. make friends."
have any doubt that Berlin will need
Local politics figured strongly
us if these weapons are ever used."
den." He called on Warsaw Pact na-
the protection of the three Western
when Rhineland-Palatinate Prime
Mr. Bush's visit to the area was a
tions to accept NATO's latest arms
powers in the future as well." he said.
Minister Carl-Ludwig Wagner peti-
thinly disguised move to help Mr.
control initiatives.
Mr. Bush is not proposing to aban-
tioned Mr. Bush for relief from low-
Kohl's Christian Democrat party in
Mr. Bush and Mr. Kohl were the
don that agreement. according to a
flying and night-flying U.S. Air
the June 15 election.
featured passengers on a castle-
White House official.
Force jets and the huge military
The City Council resolution was
viewing cruise on the Rhine. Mr.
The White House refused to iden-
presence in the area. Mainz has
signed by members of all four major
Bush then departed for London and
tify the author of yesterday's speech.
12.000 U.S. citizens among its resi-
parties - the Christian Democratic
a private evening meeting with
calling it a group effort finished
dents.
Union. the left-wing Greens, the
Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher.
Monday night in Belgium by Chief
The mayor. Herman-Hartmut
SPD and Mr. Kohl's coalition partner
On Air Force One. Mr. Bush told
of Staff John Sununu. National Secu-
Weyel. indirectly criticized Mr. Bush
the Free Democratic Party. The up-
reporters: "It was wonderful. The
rity Adviser Brent Scowcroft. Com-
for not agreeing to immediate talks
per house in West Germany. the Bun-
day was a good one.
Put it this
munications Director David Dema-
with the Soviets to eliminate short-
desrat. could change hands if the
way, the TelePromp didn't break
rest and European-Soviet security
range nuclear weapons in Europe.
CDU loses Palatinate.
down."
specialist Bob Blackwill.
The mayor handed U.S. Ambassador
"In this era of both negotiation
During a speech last week at New
The speech was delivered with
Vernon Walters a resolution adopted
and armed camps." the president re-
London. Conn., Mr. Bush by came
flair by a president who finally had
by the city council that said. "We in
sponded. "America understands that
confused when the machin
mastered the TelePrompTe and
Mainz know there is no escape inzfor
West Germany bears a special bur-
projects speech texts broke
Photocopy-Preservation
THE NEW YORK TIMES, MONDAY, JUNE 19, 1989
U.S. Places Priority on Cuts in Troops, Not Missiles
By MICHAEL R. GORDON
Special to The New York Times
officials assert that they cannot de-
WASHINGTON, June 18 - For the
Old Achievements, New Hurdles
velop a position on mobile missiles
first time since the United States and
until the stalemate within the Congress
the Soviet Union began talks on long-
Status of the Strategic Arms Reduction Talks.
resolved over what types of mobile
range nuclear weapons 20 years ago,
missiles to build.
Where the Two Sides Agree
the negotiations for an accord to limit
Concern over conservative senti-
strategic arms are not Washington's
A 50 percent reduction in nuclear arms over a seven-year period
ment, as well as a reluctance to tackle
top arms-control priority.
Sublimit of 4,900 warheads or 1,600 launchers. Sublimit of 4,900
an issue that is likely to be divisive
The talks on long-range nuclear
arms resume in Geneva on Monday
warheads on intercontinental ballistic missiles (with ranges greater
within the Administration, also helped
dissuade some Administration officials
after a, seven-month break. For part of
than 3,300 miles) and submarine-launched ballistic missiles.
from suggesting a more conciliatory
that period, the Bush Administration
Sublimit of ,540 warheads. heavy intercontinental ballistic
approach on limiting the testing and
reviewed strategic arms questions.
missiles.
deployment of "Star Wars" anti-mis-
But senior Administration officials
Ballistic missiles warheads and air launched cruise missiles will
sile systems, the most important
said in interviews in recent days that
major obstacle to a new strategic arms
the negotiations for an agreement to
count as one warhead each under the 6,000 limit. No matter how
agreement, officials said.
cut conventional forces in Europe are
many bombs and short-range attack missiles a bomber carries, its
The Administration does not plan to
now-the American priority. The offi-
total load will count as one warhead under the 6,000 limit.
advance any compromise proposals at
cials added that serious efforts would
Submarine-launched cruise missiles are not included in the 6,000
this time on the testing or deployment
also be made to seek an agreement to
limit. Separate limits would be reached later.
of "Star Wars" space-based defense or
cut long-range strategic nuclear arms.
on the question of whether limits
"Timetable Reflects Emphasis
Verification will include on-site inspections, data exchanges and a
should be placed on sea-launched
The emphasis on conventional forces
ban on the encoding of data.
cruise missiles, another major obsta-
had become apparent in recent weeks.
cle to an agreement.
In Brussels last month, President Bush
Where the Two Sides Differ
New Approach to Verification
called for the completion of such an ac-
cord within a year. The Administration
One decision that has been made is to
U.S. Position
Soviet Position
adopt a new approach toward verifica-
has set no similar timetable for com-
pleting a strategic arms agreeement.
No more than 3,000 to 3,300
tion. Under that approach, the United
No further intercontinental
"We thought it was important to give
warheads on intercontinental
States will seek to negotiate and carry
ballistic missile sublimits. If there
out trial inspections or other more last-
a push to the conventional arms talks,"
ballistic missiles
is a sublimit on intercontinental
ing monitoring measures before an en-
an Administration official said. "The
strategic arms talks can go at their
warheads, sub launched ballistic
tire strategic arms treaty is complet-
own rate
missiles and bomber-carried
ed.
Administration spokesmen have not
warheads should be limited
Even though some decisions have not
publicly acknowledged any change in
been made, some officials say the Ad-
Washington's arms control priorities,
Mobile intercontinental ballistic
Mobile intercontinental ballistic
ministration has developed a basic phi-
which are already beginning to draw
criticism from some arms control sup-
missiles banned unless
V.
missiles permitted with limits on
losophy on how to cut strategic arms
launchers and warheads
that is likely to lead to some notewor-
porters. Some have already com-
verification problems are
thy changes in the approach taken by
plained that the Administration is
solved.
the Reagan Administration.
missing an important opportunity to
V,
"The philosophical leaning is to
speed up the negotiation of an agree-
No limits on conventionally
No more than 400 nuclear and
change the emphasis on reductions for
ment that was largely completed dur-
armed submarine-launched
600 conventional submarine
their own sake to improving stability
ing the Reagan- Administration be-
cruise missiles.
launched cruise missiles.
and reducing the risk of war, an offi-
cause, they say, the Bush Administra-
aid. But translating this philosophi-
tion is reluctant to face some arms
Only nuclear air-launched cruise
Only nuclear air-launched cruise
cal principle into a negotiating pro-
issues at this time.
missiles with ranges greater
missiles with ranges greater
posal has proved difficult in practice.
Why Priorities Were Reordered
than 930 miles to count; each
than 370 miles to count; each
New Proposals Are Possible
heavy bomber to count as
Administration officials said the
heavy bomber to count as
carrying 10 cruise missiles even
As the deliberations proceed, signifi-
move to reorder the United States'
carrying maximum cruise missile
cant new American proposals may-be
arms-control priorities reflected sev-
if carries more than 10.
load possible.
advanced, an official said.
eral factors, among them foreign-
Ban on production, flight testing
Administration officials have exam-
policy considerations, worries over
Ban on development, testing
ined a variety of approaches that would
Congressional support for some strate-
or modernization of new or
and deployment of new heavy
seek further constraints on land-based
gic-weapons programs and a need to
existing heavy intercontinental
intercontinental ballistic missiles.
missiles with multiple warheads, a
I
carefully review strategic arms issues
ballistic missiles
type of weapon that is considered
,
so that the American negotiating posi-
Talks linked to resolution of
particularly destabilizing by some offi-
tion could eventually be improved.
Talks linked to strict
cials. Officials have even discussed an
I
And officials said the talks on cutting
Krasnoyarsk radar dispute.
interpretation of the Antiballistic
idea to ban all land-based missiles that
-
conventional forces are seen as an
Missile Treaty.
carry multiple warheads over an ex-
especially important opportunity in
tended period, like 15 years.
,
light of Moscow's recent initiatives.
Source: Arms Control Association
The Administration's approach of
-
President Bush's call to complete such
treating strategic arms as a secondary
an accord within a year and his willing-
priority has drawn fire from some
I
ness to broaden the talks to include
singer, that the United States should
arms-control supporters, who note that
planes and troops helped the North At-
The White House has said that no
I
lantic Treaty Organization forge a
not move quickly to cut strategic arms
a strategic arms treaty was largely
major changes will be made in the
as long as the Soviet Union maintains
completed during the Reagan Adminis-
I
common stand at time when the West-
American negotiating stage on weap-
tration.
ern alliance was divided over short-
important advantages in conventional
ons cuts when the strategic arms talks
forces.
range nuclear issues.
resume on Monday, but the United
"The apparent timidity of the Bush
Some Bush Administration officials,
But another factor delaying efforts to
States may make new proposals later.
Administration to deal with the re-
like the national security adviser,
conclude an agreement on long-range
maining differences in the largely com-
Brent Scowcroft, are also reportedly
nuclear arms is the difficulty that the
Important decisions have yet to be
pleted strategic arms treaty is a terri-
sympathetic to arguments by the for-
Bush Administration has met in devel-
made by the Administration on such
ble mistake," said Spurgeon M. Keeny
mer Secretary of State, Henry A. Kis-
oping new positions in this area, offi-
questions as what types of mobile mis-
Jr., the president of the Arms Control
cials said.
siles might be allowed. Administration
Association, a private group.
Photocopy-Preservation
THE WASHINGTON POST
11/16/90
Charles Krauthammer
An Executive Declaration of War
The case for reconvening Congress.
President Bush's announcement last week that he
going around the world begging and bribing a half dozen
was doubling American troop strength in Saudi Arabia
countries (China, the Soviet Union, France and others) to
was no mere deployment decision. Despite subsequent
allow-allow!-American boys to go fight and die in the
administration protestations to the contrary, it was an
sands of Arabia. Yet such is the current American
executive declaration of war.
fascination with multilateralism that this absurd activity is
In America, however, the legislature is supposed to
considered normal. In fact, when Secretary James A.
declare war. Which is why Sen. Richard Lugar (R-Ind.)
Baker returned with the most oblique and grudging
is entirely right that Congress ought to be called back
expressions of permission, he was praised.
into session to debate a resolution to declare war or to
Americans, Democrats in particular, feel morally
give the president some equivalent authority to use
relieved when foreigners bless our works. Why they
force, if he deems it necessary, against Iraq.
should feel better if an American commitment is
Congress has a legitimate and essential role to play
blessed by Deng Xiaoping and the butchers of Tian-
in the affair. The issue is not just constitutional. It is
anmen Square is beyond me. But it is a fact. If fight we
political. War cannot be waged successfully without
must, we want the U.N. flag fluttering beside us.
popular support. If Congress is not consulted, it will
The idea that U.N. sanction gives an action some
simply criticize, fatally compromising any military
higher morality is nonsense, but widely held nonsense.
action that runs into the slightest difficulty or delay, as
all military operations must.
Indeed, in the early stages of the crisis, U.N. support
disarmed the left. "What slowed people like me from
Senate Majority Leader George Mitchell (D-Maine),
coming out against this," said Todd Gitlin, ex-president
House Armed Services Committee Chairman Les Aspin
of SDS, preparing for a new antiwar crusade, "was
(D-Wis.) and other congressional leaders are resisting
seeing the need for collective security."
the idea on the grounds that it is premature to vote
Fine. It may be a tactical necessity to wait on the
Security Council, but there is no other warrant for
delay. It is important for Congress to declare itself on
"You do not-you
the Gulf as soon as possible. The operative word is
"declare." Expressing itself, gassing off about the
cannot-put 400,000
agony of it all, simply won't do. The country needs
decisions. The worst thing Congress can do is simply
American soldiers in the
to debate the issue without resolving it-i.e., without
coming to a vote on the use of force.
Arabian desert for defensive
Naturally, the congressional leadership has chosen
just that course. It has decided to hold hearings on the
purposes.'
Gulf. There are no plans for a vote. That means that
Congress will be airing, for all the world and Saddam to
when the question of war is hypothetical. But there is
see, American doubts without allowing them to be
followed by an expression of American resolve.
nothing hypothetical now about the prospect of war.
The new deployment creates an unstable equilibrium.
On Nov. 8, the president in effect abandoned the
You do not-you cannot-put 400,000 American sol-
containment option (waiting for anti-Iraq sanctions to
diers in the Arabian desert for defensive purposes. The
work). His calculation is that Saddam can hold out far
logistics are a nightmare. Morale is a wasting asset. And
longer than can the coalition arrayed against him.
Saudi Arabia, already unstable, cannot cope indefinitely
That calculation-and the war policy that follows
with the shock of such a massive foreign force.
from it-may be wrong. If it is, now is the time for
It is therefore understood by all parties in the
Congress to say so. Congress should debate, then
region, if not yet by Congress, that this is a use-it-or-
either approve the war policy or stop it now. There
lose-it deployment. By January, the president will have
certainly is enough time. War will not start before the
only two choices. He can use the 400,000 troops to
year is out. The time to decide the issue and take
make war. Or he can begin drawing them down, which
responsibility is not at the last possible moment, not
will be read in the Middle East, correctly, as an
after the first Americans have died under fire, but now.
American capitulation.
Congress should vote up or down on a resolution
authorizing the president to use any means necessary,
including force, to get Iraq to withdraw from Kuwait.
The only possible reason for delay would be to wait for a
U.N. resolution to the same effect. A Security Council
resolution authorizing force would help the president get
a similar resolution through a Democratic Congress.
It remains a principle of Democratic faith, though a
mystery to me, that Americans should care what the
world thinks about American foreign policy. Indeed, there
3/1
is something crazy, truly crazy, about a secretary of state
BY MARGARET SCOTT
Photocopy-Preservation
the Lies Fit to Print
By HILTON KRAMER
organizing mystical orgies and smoking
opium. With Jane Cheron, Crowley's favor-
Journalists who lie, in their news re-
ite Scarlet Woman (as he called her), who
ports-and who do SO knowingly, deliber-
also was an opium addict, Duranty quickly
ately, programmatically-are not, per-
formed what Ms. Taylor describes as "an
haps, as uncommon as the folklore of their
affable menage a trois: sex with one part-
trade would sometimes have us believe. A
ner, drugs with the other, a little magic on
comprehensive history of reporters' pre-
the side." Duranty later married Cheron,
varications about the major events of the
with whom he established yet another me-
present century would make a fat and mel-
nage a trois with his Russian mistress in
ancholy book. So would a history of the re-
Moscow.
wards and acclaim that have often been
It was in Paris, on the eve of World War
lavished on the most outrageous perpetra-
I, that Duranty made his first contribu-
tors of such journálistic falsehood.
tions to the Times, and by the end of the
Yet in any chronicle of calculated men-
war he was an important part of the pa-
dacity, a special chapter would have to be
per's European coverage, even though the
reserved for Walter Duranty, the infamous
Times had been warned that Duranty was
Moscow correspondent of the New York
a shady character. His boss in the Paris
Times during the height of Stalin's terror.
bureau had described him as "unreliable
He was said by Malcolm Muggeridge, who
and tricky," and other judgments were
knew Duranty in Moscow at the time, to be
harsher.
the "greatest liar of any journalist I have
Yet the Times stuck with him for nearly
met in 50 years of journalism." Joseph Al-
two decades. His energy, drive and intelli-
sop concurred in this judgment-"lying
was his stock in trade," he said. History
has amply confirmed the truth of these
Bookshelf
charges. and now an excellent biography
of Duranty-"Stalin's Apologist" (Oxford,
404 pages, $24.95) by S.J. Taylor-recounts
Stalin's Apologist'
in lurid detail the story of the writer who,
against some very stiff competition, won
By S.J. Taylor
the distinction of lying the most, and most
Photocopy-Preservation
effectively, about the worst of Stalin's
crimes.
gence-for Duranty was a very clever
He lied about the enforced famine in the
man-made him seem a formidable jour-
Ukraine that accompanied Stalin's collecti
nalistic talent, and his sheer ruthlessness
vization of the peasants program that
was a professional asset in an era of fierce
caused more deaths than Hitler's war
journalistic competition. In the 20s he had
against the Jews. He lied about the Mos-
guessed correctly that Stalin would be Le
cow Trials. He lied about the terror, about
nin's successor, and this gave him an au-
the gulag, and about virtually every aspect.
thority that defeated every effort to dis-
of Stalin's consolidation of power. And he
lodge him from his post: He is even cred-
did much of this lying on the front pages of
ited with coining the term "Stalinism" (in
the New York Times, which rewarded him
1931). For. Duranty, if would remain a
for his efforts by making him one of the
term of praise to the end.
highest-paid correspondents in the world.
As far as the Times was concerned,
For this record of lies, moreover, Duranty
however, the end came in 1940 when the
was given the Pulitzer Prize. As Ms. Tay-
paper shut down its Moscow bureau and
lor-an American writer now living in Lon-
fired Duranty, who was at long last seen to
don-correctly observes, in Duranty "the
be an embarrassment. He was 56 and vir-
Western establishment that feted him, no
tually penniless. None of his efforts to earn
less than the Kremlin, had found their
a living as a writer or lecturer succeeded.
man."
Years of high living and heavy drinking
To appreciate the enormity of
had ruined his health, and he was soon ex-
Duranty's performance, it has to be under-
isting on handouts from other journalists.
stood that he was neither the victim of
When Stalin died in 1953, he made the front
misinformation nor the dupe of some
page for the last time-but this time it was
deeply held political conviction. Not a com-
the front page of the Morning Sentinel in
munist himself-nor, indeed, a believer in
Orlando, Fla., where he was living in pen-
much of anything but his own career, his
ury. It was his last opportunity to pay trib-
pleasures and his privileges-Duranty sim-
ute to Stalin's "strength and influence."
ply held Stalin in high esteem, and system-
Four years later he wrote to the Times
atically withheld from his readers the kind
begging for a pension of $155 a month. Ar-
of information that would have cast doubt
thur Hays Sulzberger, the publisher, re-
on the Soviet dictator's benign objectives.
sponded by writing a personal check for
"You can't make omelets without cracking
$2,500. A month later Duranty died in the
eggs," he liked to say.
Orlando hospital. He was 73. About this de-
The man who harbored these views
spicable character Ms. Taylor has written
seems always to have lived a dissolute and
a book that is splendid in every respect but
disorderly life. He was born in Liverpool in
one: We never do discover how it was that
1884 into a middle-class family that lost its
the Times tolerated this record of mendac-
money when Duranty was 15. He nonethe-
ity for as long as it did. Perhaps she should
less managed to get to Cambridge and
make that the subject of her next book.
then to Paris, where he soon fell in with
Aleister Crowley, a professional occultist
Mr. Kramer is the editor of the New
Reast
specialized
in
Criterion.
What Gorbachev Knew
Mikhail Shatrov, a playwright who is
said to be well connected to the party
leadership, told a meeting at Moscow
State University on Friday that he had
"absolutely accurate information"
that Mikhail S. Gorbachev, the Soviet
leader, did not learn about what hap-
pened in Tbilisi until 10 A.M. Sunday,
KREMLIN DISAVOWS
six hours after troops had killed 16 peo-
ple and wounded more than 200 by the
Government's count.
A student who attended the meeting
GEORGIA VIOLENCE
with Mr. Shatrov said he described Mr.
Gorbachev as "completely shocked by
the decision and the consequences."
But he did not identify who gave him
this information.
Medvedev Says Local Officials
At the news conference today, Mr.
Medvedev also denied that there was
Did Not Advise Moscow of
an effort by the national leadership to
suppress information about the events
Decision to Use Troops
in the press. Georgians have com-
plained that while their local newspa-
pers reported fairly about the clashes,
the national press was manipulated
By ESTHER B. FEIN
into withholding information critical of
Special to The New York Times
the military authorities, including re-
MOSCOW, April 25 - Kremlin lead-
ports that the troops used toxic gas
ers did not approve the decision to send
against the crowd.
troops into a main square in the capital
National newspapers have since re-
of Soviet Georgia and were not aware
ported that soldiers used chemical
of the action until after soldiers had
agents. But military authorities con-
killed demonstrators there 10 days ago,
tinue to insist - despite the findings of
a ranking member of the ruling Polit-
local physicians - that only tear gas
buro said today.
was used.
"Moscow found out only after it was
New Assembly
done," Vadim A. Medvedev, the Soviet
Communist Party's chief ideologist,
Today in Tbilisi, about 3,000 people
said at a news conference in Moscow.
gathered in Lenin Square for the first
Georgi P. Razumovsky, a nonvoting
demonstration since the April 9 vio-
member of the Politburo who went to
lence, according to telephone inter-
Georgia for an inquiry into the clashes
views with people who attended.
Photocopy-Preservation
in Tbilisi, acknowledged at the news
Tamara Chkheidze, a reporter for
session today that there had been con-,
the unofficial weekly newspaper Ek-
siderable correspondence between the
spress-Khronika, said that protesters,
Georgian authorities and the leader-
many accompanied by children and
ship in Moscow over the handling of a
carrying flowers and wreaths, de-
nationalist demonstration in Tbilisi. It
manded the release of five leaders of
began a hunger strike by 158 people on
informal organizations who were ar-
April 4, and by the weekend had
rested during the Tbilisi demonstra-
swelled to several thousand people de-
tions.
manding greater autonomy from Mos-
People said there were no speeches
cow.
at today's rally, but that a large banner
But Mr. Razumovsky and Mr.
was carried, calling for freedom for
Medvedev insisted that the decision
those arrested. They added that local
early April 9 to send in soldiers armed
officials went on television to urge resi-
with sharpened shovels, clubs and toxic
dents not to attend the demosntration.
gas was made and carried out entirely
The authorities banned public
on the local level, without the approval
demonstrations when they imposed a
of Moscow.
curfew on the city right after the
"The decision to use troops was
clashes. When the curfew was lifted
made locally, by local Georgian au-
five days later, Georgians began hold-
thorities, he asserted.
ing a vigil at the site and they say they
will maintain it for 40 days in accord-
New Legislators Skeptical
ance with local traditions of mourning.
Last week, several recently elected
members of the new Soviet Congress of
People's Deputies accused the leader-
Seoul Dooms Plane Bomber,
ship of denying its part in the decision
to use force to disperse the crowd.
But a Reprieve Is Expected
In a meeting on Friday at the film-
makers' union in Moscow, Eldar
SEOUL, South Korea, April 25 (Reu-
Shengelaya, a Georgian filmmaker and
ters) - A court here sentenced a young
a deputy-elect, said that the Central
woman to death today for blowing up a
Committee of the Communist Party
South Korean airliner and killing all
"cannot but have known" and ap-
115 aboard. However, there were
proved the action, and that the Soviet
strong hints that she would win a re-
leadership was disingenuous in blam-
prieve.
ing the local authorities for the vio-
Officials here said the Government,
lence and the 20 deaths that followed.
which puts full blame on North Korea
The Kremlin has tried to distance it-
for the November 1987 disaster, was
self from the brutal confrontation be-
likely to quash the death sentence on
tween special Interior Ministry troops
Kim Hyun Hui, who is 27 years old.
and people attending the rally in Lenin
They said that despite repeated ad-
Square in central Tbilisi.
missions of guilt, she was considered
But today was the first time that a
merely a pawn of the North Korean
member of the leadership categori-
Communists.
cally denied that Moscow had known in
advance and authorized local authori-
ties to send troops to forcibly break up
the demonstration of about 8,000 peo-
ple.
Photocopy-Preservation
THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 26, 1989
blond hair, distracted attention by pos-
Goodbye and Ciaoto Soviet Tanks in Hungary
ing and mugging beside him into the
cameras as he made the official an
nouncement of the departure,
ByHENRY KAMM
50,000 of its troops from Hungary, East
So tolerant were the Soviet officers
At the command of Italian photogra
Special to The New York Times
Germany and Czechoslovakia At the
phers, Miss Staller released a white
lei
that they appeared to take a bewil-
dove of peace at the side of the train,
ga
KISKUNHALAS, Hungary, April 25
same time, Mr. Gorbachev said the
dered pleasure in the unexpected pres-
only to watch the frightened bird tum
lea
- The Soviet Union began today to
Soviet Union would demobilize 500,000
ence of llona Staller, a member of the
ble into the fatal treads of a moving
po:
carry out Mikhail S. Gorbachev's
of Its total armed personnel and deact
Italian Parliament of Hungarian birth,
tank.
ter
promise to withdraw some of its mill-
vate 10,000 tanks.
who has become known throughout Eu-
Only 18 soldiers accompanied the
all
tary forces from countries of the War
The departure today, believed to be
rope by reverting at public occasions to
T-64 main battle tanks, armed with 125
saw Pact
the first in any of the three affected
her former professions of strip-tease
millimeter cannon, to the Soviet Union.
fat
Thirt one heavy tanks of the 13th
countries, was staged by the Soviet
ar tist and pornographic-movie actress.
The withdrawal of troops is begin
frc
Guards Armored Division were loaded
command in Hungary for maximal
Miss Staller is in Hungary for a con-
next month. By some time next year,
ag
onto flatbed cars at a rail siding outside
publicity.
gress that the Italian Radical Party,
more than 10,000 Soviet soldiers are to
po
this provincial town 90 miles south of
Foreign reporters and television
which she represents, Is holding in
have left Hungary.
pu
Budapest and left in the direction of the
crews, mainly from the West were
Budapest. Col: Boris STATE Adamenko,
Western military experts estimate
G
Soviet Ukraine.
warmly greeted by, English-speaking
deputy chief of staff of the southern
the number of Soviet troops in Hungary
Speaking at United Nations last Dec.
officers and allowed to clamber over
group of Soviet forces raised no objec-
at between 62,000 and 70,000. The tanks
st
75Mr. Gorbachev, the Soviet leader,
the tanks and railroad cars photo-
tion when Miss Staller, wearing a
that left today are the first of 450 to be
pledged that Moscow would withdraw
graphing at will.
wreath of wilted flowers in her long
withdrawn from the country.
4/26/89
Cheney Defends Budget Decisions
To Cut Some Weapon Programs
what of
By MICHAEL R. GORDON
1989
Special to The New York Times
WASHINGTON, April 25 - Defense
But the funds allocated for the Midg-
Secretary Dick Cheney today defended
etman missile were very small,
his budgetary decisions to cancel
prompting concern among supporters
weapon programs, retire Navy ships
of the program on Capitol Hill.
and cut the size of the Army while
Mr. Cheney said that the Administra-
members of Congress complained
tion proposed to add $100 million to the
about reductions in their favorite pro-
1989 budget, spend $100 million in 1990
grams.
and $200 million in 1991, a rate of
Mr. Cheney appeared before the
spending that would delay the fielding
House Armed Services Committee to
of the first of the Midgetman missiles
explain how he proposes to cut military
until 1997 or 1998. He said the Adminis-
spending by_ percent, after inflation is
tration wanted to field a force of 250 to
taken into account, as part of an under-
500 single-warhead Midgetman mis-
standing between the White House and
siles.
the Congress over the budget for the
In contrast; the Pentagon wants to
1990 fiscal year.
spend $1.2 billion in 1990 and $2.1 billion
The cut will mark the fifth year in a
in 1991 for its favorite program to take
row that military spending has de
50 MX missiles out of silos and put
clined in "real," or after-inflation,
them on rail cars. The first of the MX
terms.
missiles would be put on rail cars in
Mr. Cheney and other Administra-
1992.
tion officials have already outlined key
Explaining his overall budget strat-
decisions to scale back the Reagan Ad-
egy, Mr. Cheney said that he had
ministration's plans for defenses
sought to insulate military pay and
against missiles and have disclosed
military readiness from budget cuts.
President Bush's decision to field two
But some of the cuts drew fire from
new mobile land-based missiles.
committee members, prompting the
New Missile Defense Approach
Defense Secretary to observe that
Today, Mr. Cheney explained some
members of Congress wanted him to
implications of these decisions, adding
cut the military budget without reduc-
some new details.
ing funds for their favorite weapon sys-
Regarding "Star Wars" spending,
tems.
the Bush Administration is putting em-
To carry out the cuts, the Pentagon is
phasis on an new approach to the anti-
making a number of Navy retrench-
missile program that involves thou-
ments.
sands of relatively simple interceptor
Navy Plane Is Canceled
rockets orbiting in space. These "Bril-
To the consternation of Marine Corps
liant Pebbles" would home in on
supporters on the House Armed Serv-
enemy missiles.
ices Committee, the Pentagon is can-
Mr. Cheney said emphasis on this ap-
celing the Navy's V-22 Osprey plane,
proach as well as budgetary limita-
which would be used to ferry marines
tions was delaying the development of
into battle from ships and to deliver
other "Star Wars" approaches.
and pick up special operations forces.
"If Brilliant Pebbles does not work
That cut will save about $8.5 billion
out," Mr. Cheney said, the deployment
over the next five years.
Photocopy-Preservation
date for other types of space-based in-
Mr. Cheney has also decided to can-
terceptors would be "slipped by about
cel the procurement of new F-14D
two years." This would delay the time
planes, a saving of about $2.4 billion
at which the United States would de-
over the next five years.
cide whether tò deploy a space-based
The Navy will retire an aircraft car-
anti-missile defense into the late 1990's.
rier, accelerate the retirement of old
On land-based missiles, he re-
affirmed President Bush's decision
destroyers and transfer 10 frigates
from the active to the reserve forces.
both to develop single-warhead Midget-
Mr. Cheney-said that the Bush Ad-
man missiles and to put MX missiles
ministration has abandoned the Rea-
on rail cars. The missiles would be mo-
gan Administration's objective of hav-
bile to safeguard them from enemy at-
ing a 600-ship Navy. By the end of 1991,
tack.
the Navy will have 563 "deployable bat-
tle force ships," he said.
He ordered the Army to cut the pur-
chase of AH-64 helicopters, among
other reductions. Despite the Army's
recommendation, he ordered a reduc-
tion of 7,900 Army troops.
Delay on Stealth Bombers
On the Air Force, the Pentagon
budget defers the procurement of B-2
Stealth bombers in light of concern by
Mr. Cheney over the reliability of cost
estimates. Previous estimates put the
cost at more than $500 million a plane.
Mr. Cheney also told the Air Force to
cancel the purchase after 1991 of F-15E
fighter planes.
The Pentagon also cut $200 million
for the National Aerospace Plane, leav-
ing only $100 million for the program.
Much of the attention of the House
Armed Services Committee today fo-
cused on Mr. Cheney's decision to can-
cel the V-22, which. the Marine Corps
and the commander of Special Opera-
tions Forces say is needed, A chorus of
Marine Corps supporters on the com-
mittee said the program should be re-
stored, joining supporters in the Sen-
ate.
But Mr. Cheney said the ultimate
program cost, which he put at more
than $25 billion, was just too great.
Adm. William J. Crowe Jr., the
The New York Times/Jose R. Lopez
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff,
Defense Secretary Dick Cheney
said the cutbacks made by Mr. Cheney
preparing to testify before House
represented a reasonable balance, he
said that the Joint Chiefs thought the
Armed Services Committee.
military budget was too low."
Washington at Work
Scowcroft and Gates:
A Team Rivals Baker
By ANDREW ROSENTHAL
Specialito The New Yark Times
WASHINGTON, Feb. 20 - At the
sion: in the last month, for example, a
State Department, envious officials
Soviet-American communiqué that
snipe at them as the Siamese twins of
some interpreted as linking the war
the White House, "fused at the hip."
to the Palestinian conflict was
One runs at midnight and falls asleep
quashed, and plans to create a bank
in Cabinet meetings. The other jogs at
to help Iraq and other Arab countries
dawn and stays up late reading intel-
after the war were shelved.
ligence on the Soviet Union.
Clearly, Mr. Scowcroft and Mr.
One jokes with the President and
Gates are in a far stronger position
stays close to his side. The other
than they were in October 1989. when
squires the paperwork and keeps
Mr. Scowcroft permitted Mr. Baker
watch on other agencies from the
to cancel a Gates speech expressing
Situation Room in the White House
what Mr. Baker considered an exces-
basement.
sively pessimistic view of Mikhail S.
In an Administration where se-
Gorbachev's chances for success.
crecy and loyalty are prime virtues,
Mr. Scowcroft's new prominence,
Brent Scowcroft, the President's na-
and those few highly publicized mis-
tional security adviser, and Robert
steps by Mr. Baker, have prompted
M. Gates, his deputy, are the most
conservative columnists in Washing-
virtuous. Now they have leaped to
ton to start writing about a new
prominence, filling the role in war-
troika, Mr. Bush, Mr. Scowcroft and
time that Secretary of State James A.
Defense Secretary Dick Cheney,
Baker 3d filled in peacetime.
eclipsing Mr. Baker.
Their symbiosis has altered the
Given Mr. Baker's instinct for sur-
vival, his decades-old relationship
with Mr. Bush and his natural posi-
tion of power, that may be over-sim-
A new power base
Brent Scowcroft, center, the national security adviser, and his deputy, Robert M. Gates, meeting with President Bush in the Oval Office last week.
plified. Mr. Baker has his own coterie
of loyal aides who protect him and en-
at Bush's side
gage in a subliminal rivalry with the
conversation that you can if you are
slogan, "new world order
White House. And he has his own
Brent Scowcroft
Robert Michael
there in person." a member of the
The national security adviser, who
helping to control
political ambitions.
committee said.
believes in narrowly drawn military
Relationship With Baker
Gates
Mr. Gates's committee is in overall
goals, was pivotal in defining the
Born: March 19, 1925.
U.S. policy.
Mr. Scowcroft's domain is smaller.
charge of writing option papers on a
aims of the war in the gulf, especially
Born: Sept. 25, 1943.
postwar settlement for the President,
the decision not to make the over-
And at least from the outside, his
Hometown: Ogden, Utah
farming out tasks to the Federal
throw of Saddam Hussein a publicly
presence still appears to be that of
Mr. Bush's shadow, available to a
Hometown: Wichita, Kan.
agencies, with the State Department
stated objective.
lines of power in the national security
President who loves to talk about for-
Education: B.S., U.S. Mill-
playing a key and sometimes rival
eign policy and not a challenging near
tary Academy; M.A. and 5
role.
Tales of Loyalty
apparatus, allowing the President to
Education: B.A., College of
conduct his prewar diplomacy, and
equal.
Ph.D., Columbia University
"There has been in one form or an-
Mr. Scowcroft is a vital link be-
William and Mary; M.A., Indi-
now his management of the war, with
other an interagency committee to
Mr. Scowcroft shrugs off such talk,
tween Mr. Bush and Mr. Cheney and
the speed and secrecy that he de-
ana University; Ph.D.,
try and do this coordination,' Mr.
Insisting that he has a good relation-
Career Highlights: Com-
General Powell, both close friends.
Georgetown University
Gates said. "But we elevated the
mands.
ship with Mr. Baker and explaining
"The national security adviser be-
missioned lleutenant gener-
level of the participation so we could
It has also permitted the two men
that what appear to be changes in
comes more powerful if there is a
al,"Air Force, 1974; deputy
to establish a new base of power at
stature are ephemeral.
Career Highlights: C.I.A.,
have people who could commit their
counterweight elsewhere in the Ad-
Mr. Bush's side as they help him
"The lines are always shifting,' he
national security adviser,
various administrative posts,
departments, who could vote their de-
ministration to the Secretary of
1973-75; retired from military
partment's stock in sense."
draw control of foreign and military
said in an interview in his spacious
1979-86; Deputy Director of
State," an official said. "He can play
Between Mr. Scowcroft and Mr.
policy ever more closely to the Oval
corner office in the White House,
service, 1975; national secu-
Cheney and Powell off against Baker,
Central Intelligence, 1986-
Gates, there is a clear division of re-
Office, while showing a new sense of
which is connected to Mr. Gates's
which gives him a new boldness.'
rity adviser, 1975-77; be-
89; became Deputy Assis-
sponsibility. Mr. Scowcroft lets Mr.
confidence that lends fuel to the long-
much smaller office by a reception
Mr. Scowcroft's impatience about
came national security ad-
tant to the President for Na-
Gates handle much of the paper-
smolder rivalry between the White
area. "In the early stages of this, Au-
that sort of analysis stems from his
viser, 1989
tional Security Affairs, 1989.
work; unread files stack up on his
House and the State Department.
gust and September, diplomatic-mili-
conviction that it is not good for the
desk. It is Mr. Scowcroft who has the
President.
In recent weeks, White House offi-
tary coordination was extremely im-
cials and outside advisers have
Interests: Golf, fishing, late-
Interests: Early-moming
bantering, personal relationship with
portant. Then there was a period
"There's not a disloyal bone in
started to be more aggressive in get-
when buildup was going on but the
night running
Mr. Bush. Mr. Gates jogs with the
Brent's body," said Mr. Eagleburger.
jogging:
President at Kennebunkport, Me., but
ting out the message of Mr. Scow-
focus was on diplomacy and mobiliz-
Of course, Mr. Baker's anatomy does
a few steps back and silently.
croft's new ascendancy, predicting
ing the coalition. Then the thing shifts
not have any of those bones either, he
that when the war is over, Mr. Bush's
back to the military and as we get
Bush's Personal Adviser
rushed add.
White House lore is full of tales of
personal stake in the Middle East will
into the postwar period, it will shift
That leaves Mr. Scowcroft free to
give Mr. Scowcroft, and through him
back into the diplomatic."
the occasional foray onto public tele-
times Gen. Colin L. Powell, Chairman
carry out what he sees as his primary
Mr. Scowcroft's loyalty. In early
Mr. Gates, more influence than ever
For all of Mr. Scowcroft's self-ef-
vision or Cable News Network talk
of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and al-
function.
January, for instance, he got a severe
over foreign policy.
facing manner and Mr. Gates's near
shows.
ways Mr. Scowcroft. There is one
"Brent looks upon himself as a per-
case of flu but refused all pleas to
They have also conveyed the im-
invisibility, the former Air Force gen-
In organizational terms, the war
aide present, Mr. Gates. That speeds
sonal adviser to the President, with
stay home, even the President's.
pression that Mr. Scowcroft and Mr.
eral, a specialist in arms control who
has been the ultimate test of the way
up the decision-making process and
an organizational structure to help
Anxious not to let down his boss or
Gates more than Mr. Baker have
was credited with crafting the Amer-
Mr. Scowcroft and Mr. Gates have re-
cuts leaks to the press, which the
him be that personal adviser," said
give up his place at Mr. Bush's side,
helped Mr. Bush steer a resolute
ican proposals that led to treaty cut-
shaped the National Security Council,
President abhors, to a minimum. It
Deputy Secretary of State Lawrence
Mr. Scowcroft would send Mr. Gates
course in the confrontation with Iraq.
ting conventional armed forces in Eu-
the organ in the White House agency
also enhances Mr. Gates's stature as
S. Eagleburger. an old friend of Mr.
to the 7:30 staff meeting as his proxy.
"It was Brent's presentation at one
rope, and Mr. Gates, a former deputy
that coordinates foreign and military
the only link to the inner circle.
Scowcroft who worked with him at
while he curled up on his sofa under a
of the meetings on Aug. 3, that Friday
Director of Central Intelligence who
policy. Instead of formal meetings of
Division of Responsibility
Kissinger Associates before Mr. Bush
suit jacket and caught a 30-minute
after the invasion, that made clear
is a specialist in Soviet affairs, are
the President, the Vice President, the
took office.
nap. Then they walked the short dis-
what the stakes were, crystallized
determined to play key roles in the
Secretaries of State and Defense and
Mr. Gates, 47, runs the deputies
committee with an obsession for se-
In August, Mr. Scowcroft sat for
tance to the Oval Office to meet with
people's thinking and galvanized sup-
postwar period.
the Director of Central Intelligence,
hours in Mr. Bush's boat off the
Mr. Bush.
port for a very strong response," said
options papers and day-to-day crisis
curity. The committee meets as often
Already, the 65-year-old Mr. Scow-
management are handled by a Depu-
as once day, through a video hookup
Maine coast, serving as a sounding
A frustrated Mr. Bush spirited Mr.
one of those officials.
croft is being packaged by the White
ty's Committee controlled by Mr.
that allows members to stay in their
board for long-range ideas while Mr.
Scowcroft off to the Presidential re-
There have been times when it
House as more assertive, capable of
Baker jetted off on diplomatic mis-
treat in Maryland for the weekend to
Gates.
buildings. Mr. Gates does not use the
seemed apparent to everyone in
letting displays of temper burst
sions. Mr. Scowcroft helped fashion
rest.
Mr. Bush makes policy in the Oval
system to discuss long-range policy.
Washington that the White House had
through his avuncular tone, and Mr.
the outlines of a postwar political pro-
"The President didn't ask me. he
stepped in to override a Baker deci-
Gates has been permitted to make
Office, with Mr. Baker, Mr. Cheney,
"You can't tell who's off screen and
cess, offering Mr. Bush the phrase
ordered me, he said with a satisfied
Vice President Dan Quayle, some-
so you can't have the kind of candid
that has become the White House smile.
Photocopy-Preservation
A30 THE WALL STREET JOURNAL TUESDAY, JUNE 6, 1989
POLITICS & POLICY
encourage both sides to skimp on impor-
slowly but methodically eaten away at
tee. Military leaders must realize, he says,
Attempts to Streamline Pentagon Procurement
tant early research and testing, thereby
public support for the military," says Rep.
that acquisition reform "isn't going to be
boosting the eventual cost of weapons sys-
Larry Hopkins of Kentucky. a senior Re-
one of those fashionable issues that hits
tems.
publican on the Armed Services Commit-
Washington and then blows away.
Soften Amid Resistance of a Jealous Bureaucracy
Mr. Cheney's aides also are pushing for
announcement of long-term goals to cut
thousands of low-level acquisition jobs.
By ANDY PASZTOR
rather than truly overhaul, the military's
Pentagon officials insist that seemingly
And they want to crack down on the peren-
Staff Reporter of THE STREET JOURNAL
Byzantine weapons-buying machinery.
minor reforms can yield immense savings.
nial problem of spare parts. According to
WASHINGTON - Top Pentagon aides
Overall, the $100-billion-a-year purchasing
the General Accounting Office, military
Clearly, even the defense secretary who
quietly made a startling proposal recently:
came in promising changes has been
juggernaut "has worked at least reason-
stockpiles of excess or unusable spare
Wipe out about 20,000 of the military's
daunted by his own procurement organiza-
ably well," Deputy Defense Secretary Don-
parts around the world-from jet-engine
nearly 100,000 jobs directly responsible for
tion-a world-wide bureaucracy that
ald Atwood told lawmakers recently. Now,
components to jeep now topped
purchasing.
spends nearly $1 billion a day and makes
he said in an interview. the administra-
$29 billion, up from about $10 billion in
The aides viewed the massive retrench-
tion's goal is to better "discipline the sys-
1980.
ment as a bold first step in President
contracting decisions every two seconds.
Bush's campaign for "the most effective
It's politically difficult to eliminate the
tem, instead of trying to create a new sys-
Past Failures
patchwork of jealously guarded fiefdoms
tem."
Earlier, much-publicized reform efforts
defense. not just the most expensive." And
the cuts in purchasing personnel would be
within the Pentagon, each one with some
Barring last-minute revisions by the
have failed to produce major results. De-
authority to decide which weapons to pur-
White House. officials say Mr. Cheney's
spite a host of studies and legislation in the
in line with statements by Defense Secre-
chase and how much to pay for them.
blueprint for Pentagon "reform" envi-
past few years intended to fundamentally
tary Dick Cheney that "fairly major
The administration's caution carries
sions:
after Pentagon procurement. the changes
changes" were in store for the Pentagon's
risks. The lack of major initiatives threat-
-More central control over how the in-
have been "largely improvements in form,
scandal-rocked procurement system.
ens to undermine the administration's
dividual armed services supervise
not in substance." according to a report
But the reform-minded Mr. Cheney ap-
credibility in any effort to reform Penta-
weapons contracts after they are awarded.
last December by a study group sponsored
parently pulled back. According to current
gon procurement. "I would be surprised
Mr. Cheney tentatively approved and sent
by Johns Hopkins University and the Cen-
and former defense
if the process produces many significant
to the White House a proposal to create a
ter for Strategic and International Stud-
Who's shipping what? From which ports or cities? What's your
officials, he rejected
results," says former Republican Con-
new organization, perhaps headed by a
ies.
market share? Who are your most likely prospects? How do you
the proposal for
gressman Robin Beard, who advised Mr.
four-star general, to ride herd on contrac-
But in light of today's mounting deficit
break out "basket categories?"
deep
cutbacks,
Bush on defense issues during the cam-
tors. But the idea quickly drew wails of
claiming it was
paign. Another former Bush campaign
outrage from senior generals and even
pressures, many Pentagon observers think
Targer your marketing. The Journal of Commerce PIERS (Port
backed up by too lit-
some Cheney confidants, who contended it
this may be the best chance for meaningful
Import/Export Reporting Service) reports fill in all the facts from
aide complains: "What the president has
tle analysis and that
requested isn't getting done, and it will
would only create a new level of bureau-
reform in years. "Study after study has di-
ship monifests. Our computer rabulates and tailors the data to
it could disrupt the
come back to haunt him down the road."
cracy. Now, Pentagon officials predict the
agnosed the same problems and prescribed
your needs weekly. monthly or on-line. Detailed are all ship-
concept will be watered down in the final
the same remedies," says Rep. Les Aspin
military's acquisi-
ments in your field inbound or outbound through 47 major
tion system.
Already, such inaction has created an
(D., Wis.), chairman of the House Armed
document.
Soon, perhaps
embarrassing delay in filling the Penta-
-Streamlined acquisition decisions for
Services Committee. But this time, he
U.S. ports.
later this week, the
gon's top acquisition job. More than 25 se-
selected weapons. By building on proce-
says. the administration "can actually
PIERS lists U.S. consignees/exporters by name and location;
make the Pentagon take the medicine."
country of origin or destination; product data including aur
system's resistance
nior defense-industry executives have been
dural changes initiated during the Reagan
to reform is likely to
approached since January to take over the
administration, project managers would
With more criminal charges expected
weights, plus much more.
become more evi-
Dick Cheney
post, but all of them rejected the overture.
have less paper work, greater authority to
this summer from the Pentagon bribery
Check Jeanne Hill for details. Contact-PIERS, TH
dent than ever. Af-
Robert Costello, who held the job until he
order contractors to correct problems and
and influence-peddling scandal, the admin-
of Commerce, 110 Wall Street, New York
ter President Bush is briefed on the mat-
resigned a few weeks ago, believes a big
more direct access to senior com-
istration clearly is under pressure to de-
208-0295.
ter, Secretary Cheney is expected to unveil
reason is the administration's failure to
manders.
liver speedy results. But Mr. Cheney ac-
a package of initiatives notable mostly for
show that it wants to "more vigorously
-More scrutiny of expensive weapons
knowledges that budget decisions and
JOURNAL OF COMMERCE
their modesty-changes that tinker with,
shake up the bureaucracy."
before they enter production. Mr. Atwood,
preparation of new arms-control proposals
for example. has urged elimination of
prevented him from focusing on acquisi-
Standards for Proving Bias Charges
fixed-price development contracts that re-
tion issues until recently.
A
Knight-Ridder
quire government and industry to share
Congress. for its part, may be losing pa-
the costs. Such arrangements. he argues,
tience. Fraud and mismanagement "have
Are Toughened in High Court Ruling
Photocopy-Preservation
MAY 25, 1989
A27
.ion in the Strategic
ESSAY
William Safire
re made a major con-
security.
ne sliced bread that
:n used to, the Baker
Free the Baltics
m some real policy
Yet, for an organiza-
ly lost support from
CHICAGO
never accepted the loss of their free-
rsuit of good relations
n light of the decennial eruption
dom and liberty. We strongly support
lican Party, this new
that threatens Communism in
their peaceful efforts to regain control
seemed hard- to di-
China; the newly elected delegates
over their own destiny."
to this week's Congress of People's
So far, so firm; but follow-up ques-
IS and where he did,
Deputies in Moscow are hard pressed
tions about reaction to the startling
a clear public line in
by a challenge to Communist rule
reassertion of sovereignty get only a
el and its supporters.
much closer to home: a courageous
bland "we are watching develop-
the erosion of the
independence movement is sweeping
ments with interest and sympathy,"
on on land for peace
the Baltic States.
and official comment on the ominous
nder President Rea-
88 Last November, Estonia's legisla-
warning in Pravda degenerates into
h settlements in the
ture passed a law asserting its right
terminal fudge-factory dithering:
from being deemed
to veto Kremlin decisions and its peo-
"That, too, is part of change and ad-
ply "unhelpful." And
ple's right to private property. Mos-
justment to change."
otion held by many
cow promptly declared that heresy
That is what is said when you have
U.S. considered the
invalid, but last week - defying a
not decided what to do. President
Israel too important
commission set up to delímit au-
lengthy public dis-
tonomy in Soviet republics Par-
pied territories.
liament of Lithuania went even fur,
quently bring more
ther, declaring itself not only econom-
eir view of Middle
ically autonomous but "sovereign."
Offer more
3 some of their sup-
This breathtaking defiance of
pora. They tend to
Soviet rule has gone largely unre-
than tea and
eir actions as well
marked in the West, but Moscow is
profoundly concerned. The Kremlin
sympathy.
e Administration,
directed a legal academician to warn
hether it signals to
in Pravda this week that such "com-
to resolve the dis-
plete separation" from Moscow rule
peace will have
provided justification for a crack-
Bush can do plenty, but his Adminis-
onsequences.
down by unidentified hard-liners
tration has failed to focus on this ctu-
uggesting, at this
"who long to turn the screw" and call
cial test of Soviet imperial intentions.
ton cut the $3 bil-
for "a firm hand." The Kremlin's
Centrifugalism in the Baltic States
threat is palpable: "sovereignty" -
is not the same as the yearning for
the assertion of not only cultural au-
freedom in Soviet Georgia; or Arme-
tonomy but national freedom - will
nia, or even the Ukraine. Because the
lis
trigger a harsh Soviet response.
first uprisings in Georgia and Arme-
In the United States, the don't-
nia were crushed in what we recog-
make-waves set wants us to button
nize to be the Soviet Union, a case (a
our lip on internal turmoil within
weak case) is made for limiting our
lk?
Communist countries, lest we encour-
reaction to hand-wringing and dis-
age demonstrations that elicit violent
creet cluck-clucking at Soviet brutal-
repression. "Restraint on both sides"
ity in those Soviet Socialist republics.
is urged when the only side threaten-
But the push for freedom in the Bar-
ing violence is a central tyranny.
tics has a different base in law. Our of
5 Israel annually.
Pusillanimous evenhandedness is
ficial position is that these are octu-
sense, either, if
uncalled for in this case because the
pied lands; we should show at least as
firm and even-
Baltic challenge is not a Soviet "inter-
much concern for the well-being. of
e matched by the
nal affair." The Baltic States are free
their nonviolent citizenry as we do for
'rategic goodies,
and independent nations that were
the rock-throwers in what we call the
d of a $1 billion
illegally awarded to Stalin by Hitler:
"occupied" West Bank. (We can hope
J.S. forces with
the U.S. and many other democracies
that newspapers will dateline future
have never recognized the 1939 Molo-
reports from "Soviet-occupied Riga.")
$ "rom the U. S. is
tov-von Ribbentrop pact.
Mr. Bush, consistent with U.S.
policy disputes
Our sustained policy of non-recog-
policy of a half-century, should make
rpet. It's in Is-
nition has-active diplomatic expres-
plain to Mr. Gorbachev that it is hypo:
crest that it re-
sion. The legitimate former Govern-
critical to denounce Stalin's crimes
istic support, in
ments of Estonia, Lithuania and Lat-
while perpetuating them. The occupa-
are clearly de-
via have legations in the U.S., sup-
tion or the Baltic States is an indispu-
ported by funds here denied the pup-
table international crime that should
istration might
pet regime a half-century ago. U.S.
be redressed right now.
e time, consider
diplomats in the Soviet Union have al-
In concert with the leading democ-
g that portion of
ways refused to meet the Baltic Com-
racies, the U.S. President should m-
repressing the
munist usurpers; Baltic affairs are
vite the non-governmental leaders of
reconsidering
dealt with in our State Department's
the Baltic independence movements
in state is neces-
Eastern European section, and are
to be honored observers at the eco-
can interests.
pointedly not part of "Soviet Affairs."
nomic summit meeting this summer,
on should also
I put a probe into State yesterday
and publicly plan now to receive them
IS vision of a fu-
and received this official response:
in Western capitals. By making them
can turn away
"The United States does not recognize
famous, we increase their strength.
hbors and back
the forcible incorporation of the Baltic
A great struggle has begun; if our
omic develop-
States into the Soviet Union which OC-
place is on the sidelines, we can.at
cured in 1940. The Baltic peoples have
least get off the bench and cheer.
Photocopy-Preservation
A10
REVIEW & OUTLOOK
Civil Rights and Wrongs
The struggle for hearts and minds
Yet in his fire-and-brimstone
in the black community, which ulti-
speech, Mr. Hooks charged that black
mately will be more important than
elected officials were being subjected
the civil-rights bill Congress is debat-
to victimization and harassment, com-
ing, has recently grown a lot more
parable to, the post-Civil War Recon-
complicated.
struction era. The victimized official
Growing numbers of blacks are
he apparently had in mind was none
calling for self-help, independence,
other than Mayor Barry, whose prose-
progress through education and black
cution Mr. Hooks presented as a typi-
enterprise. In Milwaukee, for exam-
cal instance of racial harassment, de-
ple, state legislator Polly Williams
spite evidence that is notHing short of
conceived a school voucher program
overwhelming.
for the poor. Bob Woodson, who has
Matters became still more confus-
led an effort to convert public housing
ing when at the same convention, Mr.
to tenant ownership, this week was
Hooks lashed out at black scholars
awarded a MacArthur Fellowship,
who have pointed out the harms that
known in some quarters as "the ge-
accompany affirmative action. Refer-
nius grant." Former EEOC head
ring to the scholars as "some of the
Clarence Thomas, now a federal
biggest liars the world ever saw," Mr.
judge, and economists like Thomas
Hooks told a reporter, "They're just a
Sowell voice similar sentiments.
new breed of Uncle Toms as far as
Shelby Steele, an essayist and
I'm concerned." Mr. Hooks said he
teacher, has lately garnered consider-
particularly resented one "lowdown
able attention for writing on race and
dirty rascal" for writing "a big story
the harm done by affirmative-action
in a white magazine.'
programs.
The particular dirty rascal Mr.
Meanwhile, grass-roots members
Hooks seems to have had in mind was
of the black community are showing
some impatience with racism as the
Professor Steele, who recently wrote
a piece published in the New York
all-purpose excuse for misbehavior,
Times Magazine. In it, Mr. Steele ar-
and with calls for racial solidarity at
gued forcefully against racial-entitle-
all costs. Most especially, as the trial
ment programs. He noted that racial-
of Washington Mayor Marion Barry
preference programs did not teach
accumulates evidence of drug use, a
skills or educate, but that they did
recent poll showed blacks viewing the
"encourage blacks to exploit their vic-
mayor negatively by a margin of 47%
to 19%.
timization" while also stigmatizing
On the other side are the militants
them with an implied inferiority.
who are calling, essentially, for a new
Mr. Hooks offers a melange of
black separatism. They include people
black attitudes, but it is not clear for
like minister Louis Farrakhan, the
whom he actually speaks. Other influ-
Rev. Al Sharpton, and lawyers Vernon
ential blacks were quick to take issue
Mason and Alton Maddox, who gave
with some of his statements Colum-
us the Tawana Brawley story. Include
nist Carl Rowan wrote that Mr. Hooks
in this number, also, those calling for
encouraged thousands of black young-
an Afro-centered school curriculum
sters at that convention "to wallow in
for black children.
the absurd notion" that Mayor Barry
Both groups pose challenges to tra-
was on trial because of selective pros-
ditional civil-rights groups. Perhaps
ecution of black leaders. Is this lead-
inevitably, that challenge has led to
ership, Mr. Rowan asked, Or is it
some confusion-the sort that was on
pandering to black frustrations and
display last week at the NAACP's 81st
hatred that are being fanned by Far-
annual convention, particularly by
rakhan and those of his mentality?'
NAACP head Benjamin Hooks.
The confusion coming out of the
Throughout his career, Mr. Hooks has
NAACP convention is part of a larger
been nothing if not eloquent about the
ferment that signals an important
responsibilities of black leaders and
turn in the road toward black pro-
image-makers. To take just one exam-
gress, and one that is a lot more sig-
ple, he recently delivered a scathing
nificant than the rhetoric wafted
denunciation of 2 Live Crew, excoriat-
about the halls of Congress. Over the
ing them particularly for trying to
past generation, blacks in general and
"wrap the mantle of black cultural ex-
the NAACP in particular have won
perience" around their "vicious and
important and well-deserved vic-
sadistic" works. And in the course of
tories. But surely there's room for
his; speech, Mr. Hooks strongly at-
more players and new thinking when
tacked those who would use racism as
as earnest a leader as Mr. Hooks
an alibi for the ills of the black com-
finds himself, in the name of the black
munity, and called for "a moratorium
community, attacking Professor
on excuses."
Steele and defending Mayor Barry
Photocopy-Preservation
2 p.m.
D'Amato to lead roundable discussion
Appropriations foreign operations
on the problems of homelessness and
subcommittee fiscal year 1990 budget
affordable housing. Dirksen SOB, Room
hearings on Central American foreign
538. Call: 224-5596.
A selection of today's events.
assistance programs in relation to
10:30 a.m.
international narcotics matters. Dirksen
U.S. Agency for International
HOUSE
SOB, Room 138.
Development to hold a forum on "World
Appropriations Treasury, Postal Service
Development and the Environment: Can
House to convene at 10 a.m.
and general government subcommittee
They Co-Exist?" National Press Club,
9:30 a.m.
fiscal year budget hearings for the
Main Ballroom. Call: 647-4274.
National Drug Control Policy. Dirksen
Feminist leaders to release findings and
Education and Labor employment
SOB, Room 192.
opportunities subcommittee mark-up of
plans after consulting in France
H.R. 1432, the Age Discrimination in
concerning RU-486, the
Employment Waiver Protection Act.
AROUND THE CAPITAL
French-developed "morning after"
Rayburn HOB, Room 2261
contraceptive pill, and abortion. National
Ways and Means health subcommittee
Press Club, Private Dining Room. Call:
10 a.m.
jointly with oversight subcommittee
522-2214 or 659-1606.
World Wildlife Fund and Wildlife
hearing on issues relating to physician
Conservation International to discuss
11 a.m.
self-referrals, including H.R. 939, the
the ivory trade and its effects on the
Sen. Mitch McConnell to introduce the
Ethics in Patient Referrals Act of 1989:
elephant population. National Press
Lawsuit Reform Act of 1989 at a news
Longworth HOB, Room 1100.
Club, Lisagor Room. Call: 778-9510.
conference. Dirksen SOB, Room
10 a.m.
Brookings Institution editors to discuss
562. Call: 224-8285.
Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs
findings of a report dealing with
11:30 a.m.
Committee hearing on issues related to
government deregulation: 1775
H.R. 1278, the Financial Institutions
Massachusetts Ave. NW. Call: 797-6105.
Librarian of Congress James Billington
Reform, Recovery and Enforcement Act
Education Secretary Lauro F. Cavazos to
to announce 30 sites throughout the
of 1989. Rayburn HOB, Room 2128.
announce student loan default initiatives
United States where a new traveling
Ways and Means human resources
400 Maryland Ave. SW: Call: 732-4574
exhibition on the history of the Congress
will be on view. Madison Bldg., sixth floor.
subcommittee hearing on proposed
Seminar on "U.S. Strategic Forces:
Modernization Under Arms Control and
Call: 707-2905.
inprovements in child welfare, foster
Sen. John Glenn to discuss "Tomorrow's
care, and adoption assistance program.
Budget Constraints." Dirksen SOB, Room
Work force: Is Congress Responding" at
Rayburn HOB, Room B-318.
SDG-50. Call: 326-6490.
Consumer Federation of America, the
the final day of the ninth annual meeting
of the National Action Council for
National Insurance Consumer
SENATE
Organization and Public Citizen join with
Minorities in Engineering. Grand Hyatt
Hotel. Call: 682-3032.
the National Association of Professional
Senate to convene at 9 a.m.
Insurance Agents to announce a plan to
11:40 a.m.
9:30 a.m.
improve state insurance regulatory policy.
Group of teachers and parents
Energy and Natural Resources
National Press Club, Murrow Room. Call:
unsatisfled with the performance of
Committee hearings on S.710, S.711,
737-0766.
Ballou High School Principal Bernard C.
and S.712 legislation to provide a
News conference to discuss the Taiwan
Lucas Sr. to hold a picket line and protest
referendum giving Puerto Rican
government's "blacklisting" of overseas
to call for Mr. Lucas' ouster. Outside
residents the choice between statehood,
critics. International Center for
Ballou Senior High School, 3401 4th St.
independence or remaining a
Development Policy, 731 8th St. SE. Call:
SE, Call: 635-1369.
Photocopy-Preservation
.E WALL STREET JOURNAL THURSDAY, JULY 19, 1990
Junk Central Europe's Factories and Start Over
By PETER F. DRUCKER
economic leader.
biggest. Because its raw material is lig-
bution; repair and maintenance; banking
ybody in the fall of 1989-a few
But failure to turn around the econom-
nite-a sulfur-laden, ash-rich, soft coal-
and insurance; restaurants, laundries, dry
onths ago-was sure that German
ies of Central Europe, and fast, would
its costs are double those of its petroleum-
cleaners and so on. Services, as we know,
on would take years. Similarly, the
surely trigger a mass exodus of despairing
using competitors across the border in
can come into being practically overnight
common wisdom is that liquidating
people from the East-a larger-scale repe-
West Germany. And reducing lignite's life-
and without much investment. All they re-
inist economies of Central Eu-
tition of the flight of 3,000 East Germans a
threatening pollution to the minimum ac-
quire is a local entrepreneur. And since
ast Germany, Czechoslovakia and
day that inundated West Germany before
ceptable level would drive up costs by an
factory workers in Central Europe have
(all areas that before World War
the Berlin Wall crumbled last autumn. And
added two-fifths or SO.
been badly paid, shifting into service work
economically fully developed)-
if prolonged mass unemployment were the
Yet, typically there is little alternative
often means making more money. Eu-
e many years. Actually, the
price for the turnaround, it would evoke
employment available in the areas in
rope's best chance for a successful turn-
are coming with lightning speed,
the same response. "I am optimistic," said
which these over-manned or obsolete
around may then lie in rapidly building a
is no slowing or stopping them.
a West German publisher when he told me
plants are located. Stalinism deliberately
thriving service sector.
goods turned out by Central Eu-
of his buying a number of East German
organized its political control around one
The biggest question regarding Central
ants have become unsalable.
newspapers. "But it's a high-low poker
big plant or industry that dominates its
"Europe's turnaround is a political one. Will
95, Volkswagen expects to make
game with the biggest stakes ever."
region. Zwickau, Witkowice and Bitterfeld
governments refrain from doing the wrong
abbits in a plant in Zwickau, East
To produce 250,000 cars a year in
are all single-employer towns. It is pre-
things, however popular they might be?
that last year turned out 50,000
The worst thing Europe's governments
/, expensive and chronically mal-
g Trabant cars. But what is that
Drucker on Management
could do-and the one they are, alas, most
likely to do-is subsidize continuing indus-
g to make during these next five
trial over-staffing. Unless Central Europe's
ot a single Trabant can be sold
East Germans can buy, for less
"If only," a Czech friend said, "we could find someone
manufacturing plants become competitive
very fast, there will be no turnaround. Cut-
agger and infinitely better West-
Fords, Volkswagens, Opels or
like your Mr. Levitt who built the Levittowns in Long
ting piecemeal is the wrong move in a
turnaround, and the most expensive move
itral European-made textiles, ap-
Island and around Philadelphia after World WarTI.
in the end. One must be able to tell people,
toys, hand tools, processed foods
"We're done with cutting. Let's start build-
have all become similarly unsal-
Zwickau, Volkswagen expects to employ no
cisely there, however, that jobs will have
ing." Otherwise no one does any work.
are, indeed, no longer on the
more people than had been employed in
to be cut the most.
Productive Jobs
Ives in Berlin, Budapest and
the same plant to build 50,000 Trabants. In
nd even the lushest government
There are substantial employment op-
Any financial assistance given - and
other words, four out of every five Trabant
buld not make a Western manu-
portunities in Central Europe. Many
quite a bit will. be needed-should be
workers should never have been on the
ut into its automobile bodies the
workers will be needed, for instance, to re-
aimed at creating new, productive jobs.
payroll.
pockmarked sheet steel that
build the obsolescent, dilapidated factories
There might also be a need to provide in-
Central Europe's most efficient steel
uropean rolling mills turn out.
that are Stalinism's legacy. To convert
come maintenance-e.g., following early
mill, Witkowice in Czechoslovakia, pro-
Zwickau into an efficient Volkswagen plant
retirement. But subsidizing unproductive
ntral Europe to regain a modi-
duces about the same tonnage it did in
should keep one-third of its present work
and redundant jobs can only obstruct eco-
osperity, its industries must be-
1938, but with a -substantially larger work
force busy. Rebuilding Central Europe's
nomic recovery. It ultimately endangers
ductive and competitive in no
force. In the West, even an inefficient steel
industry could provide jobs for something
social stability.
This requires, however, that in-
mill turns out 2½ times the tonnage per
like 5% of the total industrial work force, it
Equally dangerous would be protecting
imployment be slashed more
worker it did 50 years ago, or about three
is estimated. It won't come cheap, though.
Central European industries from competi-
than it has ever been slashed,
times what Witkowice does.
Volkswagen, for instance, plans to invest
tion within Europe. There will be high bar-
severe depression. East Ger-
Even the plants in Central Europe that
$3 billion in Zwickau-more than it should
riers in Europe against Japan and South
labor force numbers nine mil-
have kept abreast of technology are over-
cost to build such a plant from scratch. In
Korea:- But rapid European economic inte-
a total population of 16.5 mil-
staffed. The Tungsram works outside of
East Germany capital will not be much of
gration must not be sacrificed to the short-
German economists, including
Budapest, of which General Electric re-
a problem, however; West Germany has
term problems of Central Europe.
trade unions, estimate that be-
cently acquired control, make a first-rate
deep pockets. In Hungary and Czechoslo-
Finally, there is the legacy of 40 years
ee million and four million
light bulb. But they employ almost 50%
vakia, too, capital to rebuild the plants
of Stalinism: the hostility in Central Eu-
ill have to be laid off if East
more people, proportionately, than do GE,
seems to be available from the West.
rope to services and especially to the inde-
lustry is to survive in a compet-
Siemens and Philips in their light-bulb
Another substantial employment oppor-
pendent entrepreneur. "We need 500 house
t. This, although East Germany
plants in the West.
tunity-perhaps for as much as another 5%
painters in Prague alone," my Czech
st efficient industries of the en-
These are not isolated examples. In a
of the work force-lies in rebuilding the
friend said, "and there'd be more than
Bloc.
Stalinist economy, over-staffing is not mis-
run-down infrastructure of Central Europe.
enough work for them. But the government
maround
management; it is a virtue and built into
East Germany, for instance, has fewer
monopolies wouldn't sell them ladders or
economic turnaround has to be
the system. All incentives reward putting
telephones now than it had before World
paint brushes or paint. They'd consider
rope's top priority. Without it
more people on the payroll: capital avail-
War II; its railroads and highways also
them antisocial and parasites." In the last
e neither social nor political
able for investment in the plant; raw ma-
have fallen well below pre-war standards.
analysis, Central Europe's turnaround
the region's fragile democra-
terials allocated to the plant; managerial
The biggest infrastructure need in all of
may therefore well be as much a matter of
ot stand prolonged mass unem-
pay and managerial perks. As a political
Central Europe is housing; communist re-
political courage and political will as of in-
"hey need something unprece-
system too, Stalinism pushes over-staffing.
gimes always treat it as a stepchild. What
vestments and of economics.
ical i cuts coupled with em-
Large plants are expected to create jobs to
is needed is not public housing but housing
Market economics and free enterprise,
air
ince or, at least, income
reward the party faithful.
that gives privacy, is privately financed
it is now being said, have won over com-
..S is the turnaround chal-
A Stalinist economy also mis-employs.
and privately owned. "If only," a Czech
munism. This is not really true. Commu-
I Europe.
All its emphasis is on the heavy industries
friend said, "we could find someone like
nism collapsed from within, economically,
of the 1920s: coal mining, steel, commodity
your Mr. Levitt who built the Levittowns
politically and, above all, morally: It de-
rosperity and stability not
chemicals. As a result, employment in
in Long Island and around Philadelphia af-
feated itself. Free enterprise and market
:urope that is at stake,
Central Europe is concentrated in the
ter World War II."
economics-and democracy as well-will
n Europe as well. A suc-
"smokestack" industries in which there is
But the biggest employment opportuni-
have won only when they have turned
of Central Europe of-
over-capacity world-wide. A good many,
ties lie in services. Communist regimes
around Central Europe.
opportunities to West-
some very big employers among them, will
consider them "bourgeois" and are hostile
we all to West Ger-
shut down. A likely candidate for the pad-
to them. There is, therefore, tremendous
'ong investment-led
lock is the large chemical complex in Bit-
Mr. Drucker is a professor of social sci-
demand all over Central Europe for every
ences at the Claremont Graduate School in
Europe the world's
terfeld, East Germany, probably Europe's
kind of service: retail and-wholesale distri-
California.
Photocopy-Preservation
THE WASHINGTON POST
MONDAY, MAY 1, 1989 B3
Personalities
By Chuck Conconi
Washington Post Staff Writer
The George Bush administration has
hardly begun, but it isn't too early to get in
a bid for his presidential papers. The presi-
dent's alma mater, Yale University, and
universities in Texas, the state he has called
home for 40 years, are already competing
for the presidential library and a piece of
history-not to mention the tourist dollars.
Yale made an early bid, four years ago
when Bush was vice president and repeated
the offer after his election in November. In
ED
PRESS
Texas, meanwhile, Rice, Texas A&M and
the University of Houston are aggressively
trying to get Bush's attention. A&M has
of
gone SO far as to form a steering committee
even
on the project and has enlisted graduate
Ex-
students to help design the building. Bush is
aware of all the activity but has said little,
ghter
and Jack Siggins, Yale's deputy librarian,
erful,
speaking with Ivy League confidence, said,
"Let me just say that there's a lot of time. A
re-
lot of things can happen. You never can
tell." It might also be pointed out that Bush,
a man of many homes, has also lived in
White
Massachusetts and Maine.
Out and About
Thite.
be-
Former president Ronald Reagan, who
David
has decided that his presidential library will
REUTER
be built in Ventura County, Calif., hasn't
President Bush looks around wife Barbara at a deluge of confetti in New York yesterday.
kept
ru-
forgotten his alma mater, Eureka College.
The Illinois school, from which he graduat-
President Bush made an unscheduled heli-
grants a wish to children suffering from
ed in 1932, isn't getting his historic papers,
copter stop to Walter Reed Army Medical
life-threatening and terminal illnesses. Among
but it is getting some different memorabilia.
Center to visit Rep. Claude Pepper, who has
the funny Washingtonians exhibiting their
Among the items going to Eureka, News-
been under treatment there for the past
stand-up comedy routines are Secretary of
week magazine reports in the current issue,
month for a stomach disorder. Bush was
Veterans Affairs Edward Derwinski; United
First
are a "Kadaffy Duck-Mad Duck of the
returning from New York City, where he had
(who
Mideast" T-shirt, a blue presidential yo-yo,
Press International White House correspon-
attended ceremonies commemorating the
lease
scuffed Tony Lama cowboy boots with a
200th anniversary of George Washington's
dent Helen Thomas; Regardie's magazine
huge presidential seal, and autographed
inauguration. Bush met privately for some 20
Publisher Bill Regardie; Mutual Broadcasting
copies of "The Secret of Inner Strength" by
minutes with the 88-year-old Florida Demo-
executive Ron Nessen, former press secre-
and
Chuck Norris and "Guide to Romantic Liv-
crat, the oldest member of Congress
tary to President Ford; former Washington
the
ing" by Jane Seymour. There's even a Rea-
A number of Washington celebrities think
Redskin Pete Wysocki; Mutual Broadcasting
gan likeness sculpted from a bar of soap by an
Wall
they're funny-and some even convince oth-
newsman Jim Bohannon; WCXR-FM an-
11-year-old girl who wrote, "Tell Mrs. Rea-
ers. A group of them will be at the Madison
nouncer Mark Kessler; Channel 4 anchor
gan I did not have enough soap to do her. Tell
Hotel Wednesday in the third annual Funniest
Dave Marash; WPGC announcer Michelle
her I'm sorry." It may be that Eureka is
but
Celebrity in D.C. contest. All this effort will
Wright, and veteran newswoman Sarah
it.
getting the best of the deal
benefit the Make-a-Wish Foundation, which
McClendon
Photocopy-Preservation
and
DOONESBURY
By G.B. Trudeau
LAST WEEKEND, PRESIDENT
WHEN ASKED IF THEY COULD
GEORGE BUSH COMPLETED
by
A STARTLING
IDENTIFY THE PRESIDENT BY
HIS FIRST 100 DAYS
ABC NEWS POLL
NAME, A REMARKABLE 87%
ON THE PLUS SIDE,
to
IN OFFICE. HOW HAS
PROVIDES DRAMATIC
OF OUR RESPONDENTS WERE
65% APPROVED
HE FARED?
INSIGHT INTO
UNABLE TO DO SO, AN ADDI-
OF THE JOB HE
HOW THE PUB-
TIONAL 6% COULD ONLY
WAS DOING.
LIC PERCEIVES
RECALL ONE OF
at
MR. BUSH
HIS FOUR
NAMES.
par-
for
Photocopy-Preservation
ASSOCIATED PRESS
AGENCE FRANCE PRESSE
AGENCE FRANCE PRESSE
ASSOCIATED PRESS
President Bush breaks up over Jim Morris' impression of him at the White House Correspondents' Association dinner Saturday night.
It's Bush & Shandling's Show
Serving Up a Comic Surprise at the White House Correspondents Dinner
By Martha Sherrill
Washington's most powerful peo-
ferring to the treatment of his
been pulled from the White House
ple-starting with George
wife's thyroid condition.
tour line. Nobody in the jaded
Washington Post Staff Writer
Bush-were willing to endure ma-
Bush was scheduled to yuck it
crowd of news types, quite frank-
Under the weird twilight-blue
jor crowd discomfort.
up at the microphone for 10 min-
ly, believed him.
ceiling of the Washington Hilton
Maybe for the jokes.
utes or so, but he pulled a stunt of
0 ye of little faith.
ballroom, 2,500 journalists and
"I'll tell you one thing about
his own-surprising everyone, his
Truth is, Shandling and girl-
their special dates from govern-
Barbara,' the president said after
staff included. After seven minutes
friend Linda Doucett had flown in
ment and industry crushed togeth-
dinner. "Ever since she drank that
of joking, Bush yanked TV comedi-
er Saturday night for the 75th
radioactive iodine, she's been dou-
an Garry Shandling from behind a
from L.A. and were taking a VIP
annual White House Correspon-
bling as a nightlight in the upstairs
curtain and had him work the
tour of the West Wing earlier in
dents' Association dinner.
bedroom
crowd pro bono.
the day. And as they were lurking
There is nothing elegant about
"Her new nickname? The Three
Bush introduced him as "an
outside the Oval Office-kind of
this black-tie mob scene. And yet,
Mile Island Fox," he continued, re-
average American tourist" who'd
See CORRESPONDENTS, B3, Col. 1
ASSOCIATED PRESS
Bush and Correspondents' Association President Jeremiah O'Leary watch Shandling perform.
first lady's press secretary, came as the date of
Press Dinner
George Curry of the Chicago Tribune, even
though it was her 10th wedding anniversary.
Christopher Matthews of the San Francisco Ex-
CORRESPONDENTS, From B1
aminer left his wife-and their baby daughter
born just that day-in the hospital.
gawking at it-Bush turned up unexpectedly.
Bringing the best date-the most powerful,
"The president walked in," Shandling said
topical, or eye-catching-has become a compe-
yesterday on the phone, "along with Mrs. Bush
tition. Lloyd Grove of The Washington Post re-
and their dog. They came right over and said
ceived after-dinner praise not only for inviting
hello-much to my amazement. And he asked
Garry Shandling as his guest, but for getting
me what I was doing in town, and I said I had
Shandling the fateful VIP tour of the White
been invited to the correspondents dinner."
House.
Bush suggested to Shandling that they do a
There were no huge attractions this year-
routine together.
no Donna Rice, Sly Stallone or Vanna White.
"I thought he was just joking," said Shandling.
Nobody seemed to mind much. In fact, it be-
"Because-as I said on stage-I've never really
came rather a joke. "Seen any stars yet?" David
taken him seriously before."
Blundy of the London Sunday Telegraph kept
Later Saturday afternoon, Shandling re-
asking in the most uninterested voice. A few ru-
turned to the White House and sat around with
mors, though, did circulate that Kevin Costner
Bush, his aide Tim McBride and speech writer
and Mary Tyler Moore were coming-invited
Edward McNally. "We went over his jokes,"
by Life magazine-but they never appeared.
Photocopy-Preservation
said Shandling, "then I mentioned a couple jokes
The New York Times did a good job--snag-
that I was thinking of doing. He was especially
ging White House Chief of Staff John Sununu,
warm and friendly. It was a very easy atmos-
Attorney General Dick Thornburgh and First
phere."
Family member Dorothy Bush LeBlond (who
At the Hilton, Shandling recounted his visit,
yelled out from her table, "Oh, Daddy, please
saying, "I was in line at the White House. It was
don't go into that!" when the president threat-
the liberal line-which is the line that has to
ened to mention a recent Times editorial).
pay," and he included a plea he'd made to the
Somebody thought to ask Bruce Babbitt, and
president: "I hope you won't ask me to do that
Tip O'Neill was taking up a lot of space at the
State of the Union thing."
same table as Kitty Kelley. Former Zen gover-
Bush closed their act. "It's getting late," he
nor Jerry Brown came as the guest of The Wall
said, "and fortunately there won't be time to-
Street Journal, and drew a crowd of devotees.
night for my slide shows of the trip-to Hondu-
Notably absent: Jim Wright.
ras."
There was no Fawn and Ollie show, but
Impressionist Jim Morris began his Bush bit
some of the North trial players did make it.
in silence-just moving his head, sort of stam-
Prosecutor John W. Keker came, and a couple
mering, trying to get some words out. The
members of his team, Michael Bromwich and
president, watching Morris do his inarticulate-
David Zornow. Someone said that one of them
thing, started laughing hard, and finally held his
bet money that Brendan V. Sullivan Jr., North's
big white dinner napkin over his face.
attorney, wouldn't show-even though a place
"The Bush impression was perfect," said one
was reserved for him. And he didn't.
White House correspondent.. "I mean, we watch
Following the dinner, after-parties thrown by
him every day-all day long."
various newspapers promised the chance to
"Mean. Mean. Mean. Mean," said CBS' Mike
schmooze with someone reasonably interesting.
Wallace after the routine. "It was pretty cruel,
And there was a great deal of drinking-drink-
accurate and funny-just what it should have
ing without spouses present. And the crowd
been at an event like this."
conditions were no less uncomfortable than at
It was Tom Hayden's first correspondents
the dinner itself. "Do you even know whose par-
dinner-he's refused invitations to them for
ty this is?" asked a speech writer reaching for
years. "People I know are killing to get into this
his second beer.
dinner," Hayden said. "But I just don't know. It's
People kept talking about Bush's Honduras
really interesting how democratic societies have
joke-unofficially. voted the night's best.
an obsession with royalty. Except here, the
Shandling, when asked for a critique of the
court jester gets to rule instead of the king."
president's performance, said: "I thought he did
Journalists come to this dinner every year
a great job. I have a feeling he's going to be
with significant others-their sources. And in
very, very good at it from here on
I think
general, spouses stay home. Anna Perez, the
he's probably got it now."
ve: strategy (the importance of
flaxibility 5 -- -
"A PLAN IS UAND ONLY
CHITL THE OPPONENT MAKES
HIS FIRST MOVE. 11
Count you Matthe
Clause wrer.
MONDAY, JUNE 5, 1989. A11
George F. Will
Soviet political vocabulary, including
Beneath
symbols and heroes, is utterly antidemo-
cratic. There are few indigenous cultur-
al resources for democrats to draw
upon. Thus it is breathtaking to read the
The Glare
words of Leonid Sukhov, a deputy iden-
tified as "a driver from Kharkov.
His
words were spoken beneath Lenin's
glare and to Gorbachev:
Of Lenin
compare you not to Lenin or Stalin;
but to the great Napoleon, who, fearing
neither bullets nor death, led the nation
to victory, but owing to his sycophants
Watching a new thought pass
and his wife, transformed the republic
through a Marxist gathering is, said
into an empire. You can put me to death
H. G. Wells, like watching a breeze blow
but I fear:this path."
across a field of ripe corn: the breeze
passes and the serried ranks of minds
Dwell upon that last sentence. De-
mocracy is trying to sprout in stony soil
return to their original position. Wells
indeed. Death-on-a-whim has been SO,
never saw the likes of Aleksandr Obol
central to the political culture that it is
'ensky and Leonid Sukhov.
part of the syntax of public discourse
Obolensky will someday be the an-
But once such discourse is public in the
swer to a trivia question, but today he'is
sense of political, everything changes, or
not trivial: he is the first person publicly
perhaps has changed.
to challenge a supreme Soviet leader in
Note that Sukhov's statement is mov-
an election. At the new Congress of
People's Deputies, he offered himself as
ingly European, making its point with
reference to one of the continent's great
an alternative candidate to Gorbachev
shared experiences, Napoleon. The ref
for president.
erence says: history did not begin in
"I understand," he said with nice
1917. Then, we seceded from European
understatement, "that have a very
civilization; what was done can be un-
slim chance. I want in our history an
done.
example of something resembling alter-
The hall in which the Congress meets
native elections. This is what my voters
is a more promising venue for the incu-
wanted and what I promised them:'
bation of lasting liberalization than Tian-
He does not yet quite have the hang
anmen Square could ever be. Tianan-
of it. In a democracy, making promises
men Square is no place to give structure
is enough; keeping them is foolhardy.
to yearnings. The Congress' hall is the
Anyway, only one-third of the delegates
scene of reform from above. This is,
would vote even to include his name
necessarily, reform on a short leash; it
with Gorbachev's on the ballot (which
can be jerked around, even choked. But
Gorbachev won 2,123 to 87).
mass protests from below, as in Beijing,
However, Obolensky's antic spirited
invariably face the reluctance of elites to
ness was dazzling in light of this: the
liquidate themselves and usually founder
debate occurred in the shadow of one of
on the task of institutionaling an impulse
those huge, overbearing Soviet statues
in the open air.
designed to diminish individuals-
In Beijing brave words of defiance
were hurled at power. In the Moscow
Congress, words have been addressed
"Mass protests from
to power which submitted to bei ad
dressed in a setting of rules and respect
below, as in Beijing,
Obolensky's and, even more, Su-
khov's words are more momentous than
invariably face the
Gorbachev's arms proposals. Those pro,
posals are consistent with modernization
reluctance of elites
and rationalization of Soviet armed
forces, irrespective of any changes in
to liquidate
Soviet global goals. Besides, policy
changes can be changed back.
themselves.
But dramatic political words cannot
be called back. They reverberate. Doing
so, they change the public's most impor-
monstrous gleaming likeness of Lenin,
tant sense, the sense of the possible.
glaring into the future.
And that change can in time change the
The statue represents an intractable
goals of the state.
problem. All the symbols and icons are
antithetical to pluralism. None is more
so than Lenin, the mummified corpse at
the center of the state.
The referents of American political
argument are Washington, Jefferson
Lincoln-all of them embodiments of
democratic consensus. The omnipresent
visual and ideological referent in the
Soviet Union is the father of totalitarian-
ism.
Lenin lived in the clean well lit prison
of one idea: "scientific socialism! His
remorseless savagery flowed from it and-
from the lesson he chose to learn from
the European left's greatest trauma, the
suppression of the Paris Commune in
1871. The communards were, Lenin
said, guilty of "excessive magnanimi-
ty
[The Commune] should have
Photocopy-Preservation
exterminated its enemies.
By exterminate, Lenin meant exter
minate. Having supplanted the idea of
individual guilt with class guilt, he set
about killing categories of people and
6/1/89
Cheney Imposes Censorship-on Own Speech
By Molly Moore
stage. Cheney told one staff aide that he realized the
Washington Post Staff Writer
speech was "getting too long" as he gazed at the faces
ANNAPOLIS, May 31-Was it dissent in the ranks
of the graduates, according to chief spokesman Pete
of the Bush administration?
Williams. He said Cheney, who wrote the part of the
speech he deleted, stands behind the written text.
Or was it merely the sweltering Annapolis heat?
Cheney, in the section that was not delivered, called
Defense Secretary Richard B. Cheney deleted a large
Bush's proposals to reduce NATO and Warsaw Pact
chunk of his prepared address to the graduating class of
troops in Europe "truly outstanding," but added, "no one
the U.S. Naval Academy today-1½ pages of text en-
should discount the complexity of the negotiations to
dorsing President Bush's proposals for conventional
follow."
arms reduction in Europe.
He also issued a challenge to Soviet President
But there was no hidden political agenda, according
Mikhail Gorbachev, noting, "If Mr. Gorbachev is serious
to Pentagon officials.
about wanting to reduce arms significantly, if he is se-
"The only reason he cut it was because it was very
rious about a less threatening Soviet military posture
hot," said Defense Department spokesman Fred S.
then he should accept the president's proposals."
Hoffman. "Obviously, it seemed like the prudent thing
But Cheney also cautioned, "We must take advantage
to do."
of every opportunity to make this a safer world, without
The 1,064 graduates, outfitted in their stiff, long-
dropping our guard against the real threats that con-
sleeved formal dress uniforms, were sweating under
tinue around us."
the baking sun in the football stadium during the mid-
Cheney agitated some administration officials last
day ceremony. A thirsty murmur rose from Class of '89
month when he said in a televised interview that he did
as a midshipman filled glasses with ice water at the
not believe Gorbachev would succeed in his efforts to
speakers' rostrum minutes before Cheney took center
reform the Soviet Union.
Photocopy-Preservation
Rowland Evans and Robert Novak
6/5/89
How Bush Triumphed
Right after President Bush bolted
disarmament proposals that Gorba-
from coalition partner Genscher,
cuts first. This tactic opened at least a
were safely in the secretary's camp.
from a mid-May National Security
chev handed Baker in Moscow last
without wounding British Prime Min-
chance for modernization of the
The German finally caved. When the
Council meeting with the complaint
month as the foundation for the far
ister Margaret Thatcher.
Lance.
deal was struck, Bush had the words
that he was learning nothing new, he
more dramatic U.S. plan. That moved
Kohl, his political future on the line,
Once the heads of government
he needed, and Kohl could point to
began to demonstrate a tactical skill
NATO off the slippery slope of bicker-
naturally cooperated. It was the chan-
walked out, the most fascinating duel
Genscher as the fall guy who accepted
that even ardent admirers were de-
ing whether to negotiate the reduc-
cellor who quietly suggested after
of the summit began: the worldly,
the U.S. language. That gave the
spairing of ever seeing in him.
tion of short-range nuclear missiles.
hours of wrangling over the missile
experienced Genscher, with 15 years
chancellor a needed political escape
The subject before the NSC was
Second, it isolated Genscher, who
issue in Brussels that the heads of
as foreign minister. under his belt,
hatch back home.
the one that had confused and almost
was described privately by a senior
government go to dinner and turn the
against the steely-eyed Texas deal-
Bush's triumph was the first taste
becalmed the young Bush presidency:
presidential adviser one week before
question over to the foreign ministers.
maker Baker, whose silky smoothness
of tactical success as president. It was
Mikhail Gorbachev, helped by West
the summit as the only key player in
That was key to the Bush-Baker
is familiar to Washington but still un-
an essential win in what was merely
German Foreign Minister Hans-Die-
the Western alliance- who "does not
tactic for achieving a short-range
tested on the diplomatic circuit.
the opening skirmish in the great
trich Genscher, was driving a stake
want an agreement."
agreement by delaying negotiations
Baker smootched, flattered and be-
struggle against Mikhail Gorba-
into NATO's heart on the eve of its
Third, it built up West German
on withdrawing the missiles and put-
guiled Genscher, waiting him out for
chev for the heart and soul of
40th anniversary summit.
Chancellor Helmut Kohl, as distinct
ting the dramatic conventional arms
hours until all the other ministers
Europe.
Bush's unreported NSC walkout
displayed the frustration eating away
at him. For weeks he listened as the
national security bureaucrats, or-
dered to produce new policy to meet
the Gorbachev threat, got stuck on
old concepts. Learning nothing, he
stalked out. Within days he had for-
mulated new tactics to deflect Gorba-
chev and, for now at least, move
NATO to higher ground. His main
collaborators: Secretary of State
James A. Baker III, national security
adviser Brent Scowcroft and Adm.
William J. Crowe Jr., chairman of the
Joint Chiefs.
Whether the Brussels summit real-
ly did make the glorious and lasting
history that so many sudden admirers
of the president are proclaiming will
not be answered any time soon. The
United States got far from everything
it wanted. Administration insiders
know-and privately admit-that fu-
ture modernization of the Lance
short-range missile, desired by the
United States, almost surely will not
happen now.
Nor does there seem much chance
of meeting the ridiculously accelerat-
ed time table of conventional arms
reductions set by Bush. The full ex-
tent of British and French complaints
about inclusion of their warplanes in
conventional arms cuts is not yet half
realized. Hidden problems in the rosy
Brussels communiqué abound, headed
by the familiar puzzle of verifying cuts
in troops, tanks and artillery.
Photocopy-Preservation
But at this stage of the Bush presi-
dency and considering Gorbachev's
impact on Western Europe, what's
politically significant is that the presi-
dent revealed previously hidden tacti-
cal prowess. He showed it by drafting
a policy, acceptable to all NATO al-
lies, that slows to a halt Gorbachev's
peace offensive in Western Europe
and salvaged a potential NATO-
destroying summit.
The president's tactical approach
to Brussels had three elements:
First, it used Soviet conventional
5/18/89
THE WASHIN
George F. Will
-seen
In Search of an Administration
ЭПС
erlt The Bush administration, if there
neurological system can handle: anxi-
clude: semiautomatic assault rifles;
-nilever is one, may refute the modern
ety about reelection-will remove
Boston Harbor (cleanup funds have
97sassumption that the presidency is in-
him.
been cut); the Navy (Dukakis was
desevitably central to America's political
And then soon the War of Purifica-
lambasted for opposing a new carrier
for system. But Congress, off to a compa-
tion may grind to a halt.
and proposing elimination of a battle
exably meandering start, is proving
Rep. Tony Coelho, House Demo-
group; Bush is retiring a carrier and
-26 that it cannot supply a substitute for
cratic whip, once was one of the boys
cutting the number of ships to Carter
Wenergy in the executive.
who bore 'mid snow and ice the ban-
levels); education (the education pres-
It is mid-May and the administra-
ner with the strange device, "Eth-
ident's education initiative involves a
tion has not filled about 80 percent of
ics!". He burned with indignation
sum, $441 million, that is more than
bu senior executive-branch positions: an
about the "sleaze factor" and that
$100. million less than Michael Milk-
administration spokesman says the
was back when the "sleaze" included
en's 1987 earnings); tuition tax cred-
ni delay is, at least in part, evidence of
Ed Meese's failure to disclose a gift of
its (pre-election, "Yea!"; post-elec-
211 virtue. That is, President Bush's un-
souvenir South Korean cuff links val-
tion, "Who, me?"); global warming
precedentedly high ethical standards
ued at more than $100.
(Newsweek's report begins: "The
require exceptionally scrupulous scru-
Coelho is now in the midst of an
Bush administration had the green-
901 tiny of personnel.
house surrounded last week, taking
-600 Congress, too, is a problem. Bush
positions on all sides of this crucial
extended to Congress his hand-on
environmental issue."). Can a retreat
the Inaugural platform, frequently
" On one policy after
from opposition to negotiations now
gasince-and does not seem discour-
another Bush has
regarding short-range NATO missiles
aged by the fact that congressional
be far off?
-fif
Democrats continue to gnaw on his
Bush seems outmaneuvered by the
knuckles. His first choice for defense
is secretary was eviscerated. His choice
taken positions and
subtle Gorbachev and the brutal No-
riega. Like King Canute commanding
19 for ambassador to South Korea is
under fire. (He was a Bush aide who
then retreated from
the waves, Bush commands Noriega
90
to obey and Noriega, like the waves,
292
was in the Iran-contra loop that Bush
them
disobeys. Bush, in his Texas A&M
In was, he says, out of.) Bush's choice to
speech, responded to Gorbachev's
Ct head the Justice Department's civil-
nimbleness by responding to Bulganin
-be rights division-a black Republi-
and Khrushchev. He dusted off Presi-
913 can-is being attacked by the civil-
entertaining series of explanations
dent Eisenhower's open skies" pro-
as rights industry because he is unsym-
about who did what for him regarding
posal from 1955, the year Davy
pathetic to their racial spoils system
his purchase of $100,000 worth of
Crockett coonskin caps were a nation-
called "affirmative action."
junk bonds.
al craze.
ams Congress' energies are being con-
Mutual-assured destruction may be
3 sumed in the War of Purification.
The Texas speech revealed a na-
working. We may be near a cease-fire
of House Democrats, moved by fear and
tional need. Bush's Inaugural address
in the War of Purification because the
was liberally supplied with cliches-
armed with embalming fluid, ponder
shelling is coming close to Demo-
new breezes blowing, doors opening,
what to do with Jim Wright. He is
crats.
do finished, but will not yet fall down.
pages turning. The Texas audience
And what is Bush doing with this
was buffeted by yet another "new
20 Demonstrating the derangement that
moment of Democratic disarray?
as
breeze" (blowing across the Russian
is bred by prolonged immunity from
Once upon a time there was an Eng-
steppes, of course). A grateful nation
political competition, he sways in the
lish King called Etheired the Un-
will thank the speech writer who
center of the ring, rubber-kneed,
ready. Bush may be remembered in
stocks the White House pantry with a
throwing phantom punches, a grin-
story and song as George the Reced-
fresh supply of canned cheerfulness.
ning ruin.
ing. On one policy after another he
However, in a Washington without
Soon he will disappear, like the
has taken positions and then retreat-
a decisive center, it does seem that
Cheshire cat, leaving only the grin
ed from them, annoying some people
the pages of history are being turned
behind. He will go on his own or the
in the taking of them and everyone
accidentally, not by decisions but by
House Democratic Caucus-acting
else in the retreats from them.
breezes blowing listlessly through
on the most complicated impulse its
So far (stay tuned) the issues in-
negligently opened doors.
Photocopy-Preservation
GTON POST
THURSDAY, MAY 18, 1989. A25
Jeane Kirkpatrick
A New Europe
PARIS-In Europe, change and
real political reforms enacted in Po-
man economic penetration of Eastern
talk of change are everywhere.
land, the progressive openings of
Europe has already enhanced it. West-
The approach of 1992 and the
glasnost in the Soviet Union have
em Europeans (and some Eastern
new Europe, the democratization of
raised hopes and stimulated democrat-
Europeans) scare themselves with im-
Hungary, Poland's new freedom, the
ic and nationalist movements through-
ages of a powerful, reunified, neutral
rise of nationalist and democratic
out Eastern Europe. The most excit-
Germany dominating Central (and
movements in the Soviet Union, Hel-
ing political struggles today are inside
perhaps Eastern) Europe.
mut Kohl's difficult and unexpected
the Communist countries of Eastern
Manifestly, Europe is in flux. And
demands for the removal of short-
Europe, where reformers vie with
that means U.S. foreign policy in the
range nuclear missiles, the British
Stalinists or Brezhnevists for control
region is in flux. West German reluc-
Labor Party's return from the politi-
of the future.
tance to accept nuclear weapons
cal desert of unilateral disarma-
In Western Europe, discussion also
threatens NATO's "forward strate-
ment-these and other transforma-
focuses on- Gorbachev's economic and
gy," the centerpiece of which is the
tions dominate the conversations of
social failures and on his diplomatic
defense of Germany. The United
Europe's political class. There is an
successes. Western Europeans worry
States could not conceivably maintain
atmosphere of excitement and ex-
aloud that Gorbachev's reforms are
large numbers of exposed, outnum-
pectation.
still reversible, but fear that his diplo-
bered U.S. troops in Germany without
The new Europe emerging from
matic victories might be permanent.
nuclear protection.
its long gestation will be as different
There is a widespread view that the
Of course, a reformed democratic
as a butterfly is from a crawling
goals of Soviet foreign policy are to
Soviet Union would dismantle its huge
caterpillar. No one is certain about
separate West Germany from the new
conventional and unconventional
the size or shape of the new Europe
Europe and the new Europe from the
forces and would constitute a threat to
or exactly how it will function, but its
United States, leaving West Germany
no one. But the Soviet Union is not so
evolution is already having an impact
and Europe unprotected.
reformed, and it has not yet begun
on the politics of member states and
Anxiety about the West German
serious reductions in military forces
on the imagination of Europeans.
role in the new Europe was, of course,
and military budgets.
The opportunity to win (or pre-
heightened by Chancellor Helmut
Confronting all this change, what
serve) political prominence through
Kohl's demand that the United States
should the United States do?
the institutions of the new Europe is
negotiate the removal of short-range
First, we should remember that
attracting creative, ambitious politi-
nuclear weapons from German soil.
maintaining American troops in Europe
cal figures who are already busily
But this proposed denuclearization
is a burden and not a privilege. In fact,
trying to expand the scope and pow-
is only one facet of resurgent concern
it is not clear that today's rich, techno-
er of the new domain. The prospect
about a resurgent Germany. The de-
logically advanced Europe requires the
of membership in this huge, rich
polarization of East/West relations
kind and amount of protection the
market is exciting and stimulating in
recreates the possibility of a Central
United States has provided since World:
countries that have reluctantly
Europe, and there is no question about
War II. A united Europe can surely,
learned since World War II to regard
who is the dominant power in Central
provide a greatly strengthened Euro-
themselves as something less than
Europe. West German economic pow-
pean "pillar," as they call it, for the
powers of the first rank.
er is viewed as awesome. West Ger-
defense of its own independence.
"If there can be a market of 300
It is a hopeful time. I believe Ameri-
million [people], why not a market of
cans should enjoy rather than fear the
600 million?" said a rising star in the
changes under way in Eastern and
French political firmament.
Western Europe. We cannot control:
Why not? Austrian Chancellor
these processes, and we do not need to
Franz Vranitzky says his country is
try. We should instead spend our time
nearly ready to make a formal ap-
boning up on what it is like to live in a
plication for membership in the EC.
world with multiple power centers and
Why should not the countries of the
multiple competitors-for that is what
East-as they retrieve their national
tomorrow will be.
independence-be part of the new
©1989, Los Angeles Times Syndicate
Europe?
The Soviet grip on Eastern Europe
has already loosened enough that
Hungary has been granted observer
status in the European Parliament at
Strasbourg. The economies of East-
em Europe are open enough that
there is competition for their markets
and growing Western participation in
their industrial development.
The rapid democratization of Hun-
gary's politics, the less dramatic but
BY KOLSTI
Photocopy-Preservation
Cheney: Arms
Statements Are
Soviet 'Ploy'
Europe Warhead Cuts
Called 'Pittance'
By Dan Balz
Washington Post Staff Writer
Saying the Bush administration
will resist being drawn into a public
relations contest with the Soviet
Union, Defense Secretary Richard
RICHARD B. CHENEY
B. Cheney yesterday dismissed re-
called for NATO cooperation
cent Soviet statements on nuclear
forces in Europe as a "ploy" and
"That doesn't make any sense,"
part of a strategy designed "to cre-
Cheney said, noting that it would
ate turmoil" in the NATO alliance.
violate the terms of the INF agree-
But Cheney also said he was "en-
ment: "That's not a serious prop-
couraged" about prospects for
osition. It's designed more than
reaching an agreement with the
anything to create turmoil in the
Soviets on reduction of convention-
alliance."
al forces in Europe, saying that the
The modernization issue has split
latest Soviet proposal mirrors the
the alliance, with West Germany
U.S. and NATO position on key
and others opposed and the United
components.
States and Great Britain firmly in
Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev
favor. But Cheney said that the dis-
told Secretary of State James A.
agreement "should not be allowed
Baker III in Moscow last week that
to dominate" the NATO summit
the Soviets would unilaterally elim-
meeting later this month and said
inate 500 nuclear warheads in East-
he does not believe it is "crucial" to
ern Europe, a move likely to in-
crease divisions within the NATO
find a compromise before then.
Cheney said the United States
alliance over negotiations to reduce
would try to use the NATO summit
short-range nuclear forces and
modernization of the Lance missile.
to remind people that the changes
"He has got so many ratholes
under way in the Soviet Union are
over there in Eastern Europe that
the "culmination of 40 years of suc-
500 is a pittance," Cheney said at a
cessful strategy" by the alliance and
luncheon with reporters.
that continued cooperation and mil-
Arguing that the United States
itary resolve are needed.
had eliminated 2,400 warheads in
Cheney said Gorbachev "is play-
Europe over the last decade with
ing to the tendency of many in the
little fanfare, he called on the So-
West to treat [U.S.-Soviet negoti-
viets, who have about 10,000 war-
ations and relations] like a political
heads in Eastern Europe, to reas-
campaign," but said the administra-
sure the West by going far beyond
tion prefers quiet diplomacy to tac-
what Gorbachev pledged last week.
tical gains.
"All they have to do is do it," he
He said that while Gorbachev had
added. "There's no restraint on
received considerable publicity for
them."
his statements last year about cuts
The defense chief was similarly
in some conventional forces in Eu-
harsh in his reaction to a warning
rope, the Soviets' actual proposals,
issued by Soviet Foreign Minister
outlined recently, are the same as
Eduard Shevardnadze on a visit to
those proposed earlier by the Unit-
West Germany last weekend.
ed States and NATO.
Shevardnadze said that if NATO
"They've come to our position,"
proceeds with the modernization of
he said. "We didn't get there be-
the Lance missile, the Soviets
cause we ran out and catered to the
might develop their own new class
desire of SO many people to have a
of missile or halt the destruction of
new proposal this week because
their SS-23s, as called for in the
Gorbachev had one last, week. We
Intermediate-Range
Nuclear
got there because we spent all the
Forces Treaty signed in 1987 by
time and effort of putting together
Gorbachev and President Reagan.
solid alliance position."
Photocopy-Preservation
IE WALL STREET JOURNAL FRIDAY, MAY 12, 1989
Gas Masks and Fish Police: Moscow Up Close
By ERIKA HOLZER
erence and a wry sense of humor that bor-
Her rudest, most painful awakening
ders on the mischievous.
would be triggered by schoolmates such as
So you think you know Moscow. Did you
While an occasional anecdote is less
these. By age 15, her political education
know Muscovites are SO inured to the sight
than stimulating or drags on too long (the
was expanded to include labor camp hor-
of falling-down drunks that the genuine
opening chapter dissects the mindset of an
ror stories.
it began to seem
heart attack victim who collapses on a
indulgent nanny), the pace for the most
that I couldn't find a single person in
public street is in real danger of being ig-
part is cheerfully. brisk and punctuated
whose family there had been no arrests, no
nored? Sure, you've heard of thought po-
with that typically wry cultural commen-
jailings' - including her own grandparents.
lice, but how about fish police? They're the
tary, the Russian Joke. On one sobering as-
"My readings and reflections, mostly on
tough guys whose helicopters circle low
pect of anti-Semitism; colleges off-limits to
the French Revolution," she writes, had
scouting for outlaw smoke, that telltale
Jews (a prospect faced by the author), the
"left me convinced that to cause human
sign of kopchushki-a smoked fish delicacy
joke is: Three young men are taking a
suffering in the name of whatever idea,
college entrance exam in history. "Ivanov,
whatever higher goal, was monstrous."
Bookshelf
what is the date of the bombing of Hiro-
And so her "nebulous humanitarian no-
shima?" "August 6, 1945. Good! Petrov,
tions" about the individual's right to think
"Growing Up in Moscow:
how many people were killed or injured?
and speak freely "solidified into a star-
Memories of a Soviet Girlhood"
About 75,000. Good! Rabinowitz, list all
tlingly Jeffersonian idea," which appears
the victims by name."
in her diary: "All in all, the best kind of
Not that Katya Jung ever saw herself
government is one that makes its presence
By Cathy Young
as a victim. The pampered middle-class
felt the least in the lives of its citizens."
child of college-educated professionals, she
She writes of her despairing search for
privately traded between wily Latvian vil-
was blessed with a father who revered
even one like-minded person. "It was as if
lagers and Moscow vacationers. Soviet
books, was an avid reader and aspiring
I were a character in "The Invasion of the
military preparedness? Perhaps you
Photocopy-Preservation
writer by the time she entered a special
Body Snatchers' and had suddenly realized
weren't aware that a fourth grader's "de-
school (English classes from the second
that all the creatures around me, whom I
fense training" entails wearing a gas mask
grade on) and became a model student
had taken to be human, were actually pod
or that from seventh grade on, boys and
with a discerning eye, though critical of
persons-and God, I had to be very careful
girls attend twice-weekly "military in-
the moral guidance counselors who perme-
not to let them know I wasn't one of
struction" classes, learning among other
ated school life.
them." She had to learn "not to confuse
things how to assemble the Kalashnikov
But by third grade she already had be-
bitching, political jokes, utter contempt for
submachine gun. On the lighter side, So-
gun to "feel at home in the world of slo-
civics classes, and lust for all things West-
viet kids dote on Tom Sawyer, Jules Verne
gans and paeans to Lenin, to the Revolu-
ern with dissent
Self-deprecating
adventures and a largely plagiarized So-
tion, to the Socialist Motherland At these
about being only a "closet" dissident, she
viet version of "The Wizard of Oz."
first signs of "a mild case of brainwashing
observes that the "necessity to lie was per-
Fascinating nuggets? There's a gold-
my father took my political educa-
haps the one real way in which I experi-
mine of them in the reminiscences of 25-
tion into his own hands
Soviet society
enced oppression in my life."
year-old Cathy Young, who, as Katya
was not in fact the best and freest in the
Which is why she took grim satisfaction
Jung, spent 16 precocious years in the So-
world. Lenin was not the best friend chil-
in answering a teacher's parting question.
viet capital.
dren had ever had.' Years later she would
Learning that Katya and her parents were
In "Growing Up in Moscow: Memories
be appalled to discover that "even among
"in application" to emigrate, the disap-
of a Soviet Girlhood" (Ticknor & Fields,
the freethinking intelligentsia
very
proving teacher said, "You'll tell them the
334 pages, $18.95), Ms. Young proves her-
few ever said anything critical of the So-
truth about our country, won't you?" "I
self a talented raconteur. In a cogent and
viet system in front of, let alone to their
will," she promised.
remarkably self-possessed narrative voice,
young children. I knew kids who
spoke
In "Growing Up in Moscow," she has.
she combines perceptive observation and a
indignantly of the 'anti-Soviet propaganda'
good eye for the colorful detail, the deft
in the West while their parents read Solz-
character sketch, with a refreshing irrev-
Ms. Holzer is a novelist, journalist and
henitsyn
lawyer in Bedford, N.Y.
How to Recapture School Dropouts
New figures confirm that one in every four New
need to donate more than free gifts to help prevent
York City public school students drops out of school,
dropouts. Staff exchanges, lectures by executives
despite special programs. Schools Chancellor Rich-
and tutoring sessions are also effective.
ard Green voices concern over the high rate and
suggests the need to restructure the system pro-
foundly. That's a sobering conclusion but there is
Vote for Better Schools
encouraging evidence, and a growing national con-
sensus, that less radical approaches can do the job.
Today, New York City voters can help make
Ultimately, dramatic changes in dropout num-
the public school system more effective for all
bers, particularly in urban districts, depend on bet-
students. Each of the city's 32 nine-member
ter identifying and helping at-risk children in the
Community School Boards is up for renewal,
early grades. But even for older children, there are
and every registered voter, parent or not, is
sensible things to do. Jay Smink, executive director
eligible to participate.
of the National Dropout Prevention Center, based at
A Board of Education hot line offers candi-
Clemson University in South Carolina, offers some
date information: (718) 935-3050. Voting will
common elements of successful dropout prevention
be conducted at regular polling places from 6
programs.
A.M. to 9 P.M. By choosing wisely, voters can
Students at risk of leaving school need to know
send a powerful message against corruption
that someone cares about them and their education.
and conflict of interest. The larger the turnout,
Formal mentoring programs enhance their sense of
the louder the message.
self-worth. Alternative schools, offering smaller
classes and less anonymity, can recapture dropouts
from other schools. Many districts have retained
In New York, some of these programs are al-
ready in place. About 55,000 students attended sum-
students who also work by extending the school day
and the academic year.
mer school last year, with an 85 percent passing
For older students, work experience during
rate. Some 30,000 students attend part-time evening
high school teaches that the academic skills they
courses. A new night high school that opened in Feb-
have acquired can lead to gainful employment. For
ruary already has 125 students. Other steps include
younger students, talking about career goals em-
reorganizing large high schools into schools-within-
phasizes the connection between school perform-
schools, establishing more orientation "houses for
ance and the ability to obtain a job.
ninth-grade students and hiring more guidance
Some schools offer different incentives to stu-
counselors.
dents. At a troubled middle school in Charleston,
For high dropout rates to persist is dismaying
S.C., students with improved grades can dip into a
but there is obviously much that remains to be tried.
"grabber box" and pull out a certificate for a free
New York's future depends on finding the approach
T-shirt, movie or other reward. But corporations
or approaches that work.
The Worm and the Apple
Photocopy-Preservation
A24
THE NEW YORK TIMES
ARTHUR OCHS SULZBERGER, Publisher
ARTHUR OCHS SULZBERGER JR., Deputy Publisher
MAX FRANKEL, Executive Editor
ARTHUR GELB, Managing Editor
The New York Times
WARREN HOGE, Assistant Managing Editor
JOHN M. LEE, Assistant Managing Editor
ALLAN M. SIEGAL, Assistant Managing Editor
JACK ROSENTHAL, Editorial Page Editor
Founded in 1851
LESLIE H. GELB, Deputy Editorial Page Editor
ADOLPH S. OCHS, Publisher 1896-1935
LANCE R. PRIMIS, President
ARTHUR HAYS SULZBERGER, Publisher 1935-1961
ORVIL E. DRYFOOS, Publisher 1961-1963
J. A. RIGGS JR., Exec. V.P., Manufacturing
HOWARD BISHOW, Sr. V.P., Operations
RUSSELL T. LEWIS, Sr. V.P., Production
ERICH G. LINKER JR., Sr. V.P., Advertising
JOHN M. O'BRIEN, Sr. V.P., Finance & Human Resources
ELISE J. ROSS, Sr. V.P., Systems
5/2/89
The U.S. VS. the U.S. on the FSX
President Bush has now improved the terms of
merce, objected to the deal. Now Washington has
the $7 billion FSX fighter plane deal that the Rea-
improved it. The best logical choice for both sides
gan Administration reached with Japan. If Con-
would still be for Japan to buy American-made
gress goes along, Mr. Bush will have removed a
planes, but it is probably too late to insist on that.
growing irritant in relations between America and
The Administration therefore sought to patch up the
a valued ally.
old agreement, notably by insisting that American
But the FSX episode nevertheless shows how
high a price Washington pays for the incoherence of
companies get about 40 percent of the production
work.
its policy-making toward Japan. Instead of present-
ing a unified front, each Federal agency deals sepa-
This should be enough to keep a critical tech-
rately with Japan's shrewd negotiators, a sure
nology, engine production, in America, although the
recipe for a bad deal and prickly relations.
agreement apparently does not specify this. Mr.
Bush also made clear that certain technologies
would definitely not be passed to Japan, another
The FSX is a new fighter plane Japan plans to
point that had been left murky.
develop, patterned loosely on America's F-16.
Washington's policy toward Japan, Robert
Japan has every right to develop its own military
Pear wrote recently in The New. York Times, "is so
equipment. But the deal is particularly painful to
confused and uncoordinated that many American
the United States for several reasons.
officials say they cannot figure out how it is made or
If Japan were to buy the American F-16 off the
why economic concerns are regularly subordinated
shelf, it would (a) get the world's best fighter at an
to military and political objectives." Each agency
unbeatable price, and (b) help significantly to re-
tries to cut its own deal, a luxury hard to afford now
lieve its trade surplus with America, now $55 billion
that Japan is SO significant an industrial competi-
a year and rising again. Instead, Japan chooses to
tor.
develop its own fighter at three times the cost,
Even now, the Bush Administration has not
which increases America's burden in defending
wholly learned the lesson. When Masaji Yamamoto,
Japan, while probably facilitating Japan's chal-
director general of the Japan Defense Agency's pro-
lenge to America's civil aviation industry.
curement bureau, came to Washington last month,
This appears to be of little concern to the De-
he was allowed to meet separately with American
fense and State Departments, whose main interest
officials at the National Security Council, the Penta-
is to maintain good relations with Japan. They
gon and State.
agreed last year to transfer the F-16 technology
The details of the FSX deal are classified, at
Japan needed for the FSX. In SO doing, they ex-
Japan's request, and so cannot be publicly debated.
cluded the Commerce Department and failed to nail
That's all the more reason for Congress to review
down important details, like how much of the pro-
the agreement carefully. Even more important is to
duction work American firms would receive and
recognize that economic strength and national se-
what technology the United States would receive in
curity are two sides of the same coin, and must be
return.
considered together if the United States and Japan
Robert Mosbacher, the new Secretary of Com-
are to compete and cooperate.
Photocopy-Preservation
6/1/89
Bush Declares The Time Is Right'
To 'Let Europe Be Whole and Free'
President Vows to Put Soviet 'New Thinking' to Use
the future of short-range nuclear missiles
By Ann Devroy
that most West Germans would like removed
Washington Post Staff Writer
from their soil.
MAINZ, West Germany, May 31 Pres
Bush used the address here, in the heart of
ident Bush, affirming that the "liberating
antinuclear territory, to portray his admin-
power of democracy has been unleashed
istration as ready to seize the opportunities
across the world, said here today that the
provided by the "new thinking" in the Soviet
"time is right" for the nations of the East and
Union and to emphasize his belief that the
West to reconcile.
West must encourage the spread of democ-
In a speech capping the NATO summit and
racy.
his visit to West Germany, the president said
After a two-hour boat ride down the Rhine
that for 40 years, "the world has waited for
River with the other leaders, Bush flew to
the Cold War to: end
The world has
London. He was greeted there by Prime Min-
waited long enough. The time is right. Let
ister Margaret Thatcher and is to hold talks
Europe be whole and free.
with her Thursday before returning to Wash-
The president arrived here from the sum-
ington Friday.
mit, where Western leaders applauded as, he
In ceremonies at Rhein Main Air Base as
unveiled a plan for reduction of conventional
he left West Germany, Bush told the military
arms and smoothed over a dispute concerning
See BUSH, A32, Col. 1
Photocopy-Preservation
COMMENTARY
The Washington Times
WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY PAGE F3
PAUL GREENBERG
ARNOLD BEICHMAN
- -
Cinecitta studios and scheduled to
B
erhaps the most remarkable
part of the remarkable
The chorus
changes (sweeping the
and the pretenders
open next Thanksglying. AI Pacino
and Diane Keaton are in it under the
direction of Francis Ford Coppola,
world is how unremarkable
who was esponsible for the earlier
they seem:
"onstration in Moscow when he pro- the czar and his nobility. Boyars
hat will all the intellectu
Godfathers
Eastern Europe almost
Times. (Crowd estimates long have
naturally into becoming what it was
been the most conservative thing
claimed: Long live the peaceful rev-
said one. "We are coming for you!"
W.
als, particularly the
The London Economist advance
for 80 long - Central Europe: Only
about the good gray Times.) In any
olution of February 1990, which is
After 73 years in the wilderness,
semiskilled intellectuals
the movie points out that the first
in Romania were the most revolu
case, it was clear the demonstration
now under way." Recognize the his-
once again the people were rising
of Hollywood, do now
two "Godfathers" were not simply
had the protection of the police and
torical allusion? After all those years
against tiny, collapsing aristocracy
Itionary changes accompanied by
that the peoples of Central Europe
gangster pictures; they were met
civil war, hand /it? was mercifully
the connivance of the new Soviet
of Soviet propaganda, it is almost
Much of the world now seems in
and the Soviet Union have abjured
aphors for the evolution of capital
# brief. The idea of one Germany still
leader. Like many another spontane
forgotten that the Russian Rev-
the benevolent grip of February
socialism? What are the Marxist
ism in America in this century, with
ous demonstration in that locale, it
olution occurred in February 1917,
Revolution. Will it succeed this
Asets off instinctive fears here and
academicians in our universities go-
Michael Carleone, the brightest and
there; but it comes to seem as inevi-
had been planned for some time."
not October, That was the Bolshevik
time?, Or will its moderation, its
ing to now that the peoples of
the best, as a fallen angel"
table as one France or one England
Revolution. It, was the February
peacef ulness, its air of normalcy be
Hungary, Poland, East Germany and
Name
Even now the official ideologues
Thenatural flow of people, ideasand
Revolution that toppled the czar, es
swept away by the winds of October
Romania have clearly indicated that
Reports the Economist:
are explaining that Lenin always fa
currency begins to dissolve complex
tablished a provisional government
To make a revolution is one thing to
they want a market economy and an
Godfather mr will again focus
wored the free market. As evidence,
with Alexander Kerensky as minis
keep it another as Americans dis-
end to the one party state and cen
on Michael, and on the family's com-
plans Hand forebodings Formal
they, cite his New Economic Pro-
structures political, military and
ter of justice, and planned a Con
covered in the 18th century." The
tral planning?
pulsion to establish legitimacy
gram in the 1920s. Democracy be-
have to be worked
stituent, Assembly that would en
world has Robespierres splenty, but
M Nothing. They go on just as
through business transactions with
comes the creed of the new Soviet
out; but there is little doubt that they
shrine the civil liberties of all The
few Washingtons.
nothing that is happening in the
the Vatican."
establishment Perhaps one day the
major thrust of the February Rev-
How natural this years revolution
world could possibly alter their.de
13 rather startling to think) ac
will be: THE
Chinese will note that Mao Tse-tung
In South Africa, Nelson Man-
olution was not much different from
appears how normal But nothing
monology about capitalism: As doc
cording to Hollywood's Coppola and
let a thousand flowers bloom (pre-
3/dela is released on schedule and de
that of the demonstration in Marx
may demand artifice like the nat
timentation let me cite "Godfather
themiltion bankers who are sup-
paratory to cutting off their heads)
Espite an abstract defense of violence
Prospekt: democracy moderation,
ural The most peaceful of gardens
III," now in production Rome's
porting his film,that in the era of
as evidence that he really favored
asa timate reaction to apartheid,
equality before the law.
needs tending, lest it become a jun-
Adolf Hitler and the Holocaust hor
freedom of thought. Whatever ideo
This February Russia seems to be
chorus of Mirandas now hails
rors of Nazism and in) the era of
the speaks of peace, prepares to ne
logical sleight of mind is necessary;
ligotiate and praises South Africa's
picking up where Kerensky left off.
this Brave New World, but to keep it
Arnold Beichman, a research
Josef Stalin and Mao Tse tung and
the transition to democracy will be
president as a man of good will He
The signs carried by the demonstra-
will require the judgment and per
low at the Hoover Institution,
the terrors of communist totalitar
elcome
tells young people to go back to
tors could have been addressed to
spective of Prospero.
columnist for The Washington Times
ianism, that capitalism isstill theen-
Buried in the new party platform
emy of mankind; that Mafiaism and
Photocopy-Preservation
school, and they do. Peace, it's not
adopted by the Central Committee
two
capitalism are synonymous and that
only wonderful; it seems normal in
last week was this small detail: The
the Vatican is just a branch of capi-
Na land that has been torn by tension
Communist Party of the Soviet
talism where to
for decades: The scattered violence
Union believes that the existence of
the highest bidder, in this case Cor-
on the occasion of the hero's release
individual property, including own-
seems peripheral; peace and hope
ership of the means of production,
seem the
does not contradict the modern
People marched by the hundreds
In the Soviet Union, the pro
stage in the country's economic de-
of thousands the streets of Leipzig
ceedings of the Communist Party of
velopment." Exclamation point. This
and East Berlin, they marched in
the Soviet Union begin to resemble
is the political equivalent of the
Prague, they marched in Warsaw,
those of any other liamentary
weather service announcing that, in
they dared bullets in Romania, but
body, complete with open debate be
this modern stage of meteorological
Holly wood the enemy is not
tween the Old Guard and Young
failed communism successful
elopment, it's no contradiction to
Turks. The astounding has been ac
have the sun rise in the west. That is
capitalism
complished, the aculous may
just what it seems to be doing in the
By exploiting capital
take a little longer
new Marxism, which sounds a lot
ism. Mr. Coppola has raised a budget
Only in the vastness of China and
like the old capitalism.
"Godfather THE of $44 million.
few scattered outposts like Cuba
The CPSU is beginning to sound a
He being paid $6 million to write
does the ancien regime persist, and
the cracks beneath the surface are
lot like the GOP.) You have to be an
and direct the film. And here he is
ideological tap-dancer to keep up
making according to the
evident there. Totalitarianism, fea
ture of the political Landscape for the
with the Communist Party's contor
Economist. which informed by a
better part of this tormented cen-
tions these days. Is this the party line
deep-rooted resentment of the
tury, becomes the exception.Th
or a conga line doubling back on it
political economic and
Poor Webster's isso far behind
which, compared socialism/
wave of the future has become the
that my copy still defines commu-
communism has helped great
fast receding past. And it all seems
mism as a theory advocating elimi-
masses of people better! their
SQ
normal
There was huge demonstration
nation of private property and so
for democracy in Moscow's Marx
cialism as "any of various economic
movie
Prospekt this month. The London
and political theories advocating
Stalin's Russia, he would by
Times said 300,000 people marched,
collective or owner
now. moldering corpse. The
while the crowd numbered only
ship of the means of production."
worst that will happen to him in cap-
100 according to The New York
The Central Committee has just
italist America if Godfather III" is
(erased the first. commandment of
Name
box-office flop is bankruptcy.
Marxism Leninism." At, this rate
communism will not be defeated; it
right Henry Kissinger was
Paul Greenberg is editorial page
(editor of the Pine Bluff (Ark.) Com-
will simply become meaningless.
"The good news is, there sepr
property now in the U.S.S.
t when be wrote so prescientl thirty
years ago.4 is accepted
mercial and a nationally syndicated
The historian and dissenter, Yuri
The bad ne
town
Mothere doesn't (rejected
columnist.
Afanasyev set the tone for the dem
here
*does*\
th
THE NEW YORK TIMES TUESDAY, MARCH 27, 1990
A27
Of Mother Russia and Hat
By Janusz Glowacki
novelist, tore his coat off and in a dra-
matic voice stated that if the hat was-
n't back bn the novelist's head within
ithuania notwithstanding, there
the hour, it meant that nothing had
is little doubt that Mi-
changed in the U.S.S.R.
khail X Gorbachey
is
Then he disappeared.
doing all he can to re
Now the army guards came unex
form his country, but
pectedly to our support and made ef
there is no doubt that he
forts to soften up the cloakroom at-
will have a very hard time
tendant But she declared that she
I was there in January and saw
was not afraid of them anymore, that
the hundreds of obstacles that stand
lawlessness in the Soviet Union was
in his way. Here is one small story,
over, and that every citizen had the
about one insignificant medium-sized
duty to guard the rules and regula-
man's hat.
tions. The guards spread their hands
Just before my return to New York
in resignation and went back to
I went on an excursion with a group of
Polish intellectuals to Zagorsk,
guarding the sacred icons.
town an hour from Moscow, to see a
All of a sudden, the interpreter ma-
famous 4th-century monastery, an
terialized. With a victorious smile, he
icon museum and the grave of Boris
pushed before him the artistic direc-
Godunov.
tor of the museum
When we were about to leave the
We jumped to our feet, hopefully
icon museum, it turned out that a dis
buttoning our coats.
tinguished Polish novelist in? our
But our joy was premature
group had lost the ticket for his hat
The cloakroom attendant informed
The museum's cloakroom, for the
the artistic director that the cloak-
room did not fallwithin the purview
It was
The writer,
24 below
undefeated by
zero. We
seven years
thought she.
in Stalinist
wasjoking
prisons,
She wasn't.
broke down.
sake of order, gives separate tickets
for coats and hats
of the Department of the Arts. The
A cloakroom attendant, an elderly
0
artistic director looked humiliated
woman with a decisive face, declared
He turned on his heel and left
that, yes, the hat was there; she even
But our interpreter didn't give up
took it out from under the counter.to
Twenty minutes later be presented us
prove it. But.without the ticket she
with an elegant, polite woman who, it
wouldn't think of giving It back
turned out was the museum admin
Outdoors, it was 24 degrees below
istrative director
zero and an icy wind was blowing We
Now ything smoothly.
assumed that the woman was joking
After a brief interrogation; a report
Wewere wrong
was drawn It was signed by the di
Ken
The writer, undefeated by seven
rector, the novelist, the cloakroom at
years in Stalinist prisons, now broke
tendant. and the interpreter, after
down.) He began to plead, then, to
delegation, one of whose members
curiosity of soldiers in Soviet Army
which the hat was returned
threaten, and he finally proceeded to
had just been named Deputy Minister
uniforms guarded the museum
On our way back to Moscow,
1
get hysterical
of Culture in newly democratic Po
and who now started to circle DS.
looked out the windows of our com
Everything in vain.
land. Outside we were awaited by a
The novelist looked at them and
fortable limousine as we passed the
A half-hour passed. The situation
black Chaika limousine with hand
quickly said that his hat was worn out
snowy fields and crude cottages that
looked hopeless and nothing changed
embroidered curtains and a chauf
and that he didn't actually like it. Be-
witnessed the Napoleonic wars. And
We were part of an official foreign
feur. We were accompanied by an ex
sides, he said, he could wrap his head
as I contemplated my fellow writer's
cellently connected and worldly wise
in a scarf. He started pushing us to
hat, I wondered in what shape and
Janusz Glowacki, a playwright;emi-
interpreter. It didn't help.
ward the door. But our interpreter
form the eternal spirit of Mother Rus-
grated from Poland in 1981:
In the meantime, we attracted the
took the high road, He ran after the
sia would be reborn.
Photocopy-Preservation
The Bennett strategy- has also turned
the tables on Congress. Created by Sen.
Joe Biden (D., Del.), among others, the
"drug czar" was supposed to whipsaw the
Bennett Strategy
executive into pursuing congressional pri-
orities. Shortly after Mr. Bennett's nomi-
Would Protect
nation, Sen. Daniel Patrick Moynihan
called to tell him that the czar's job was
simply to expand drug-treatment spending,
The Real Victims
a form of pork-barrel. But Mr. Bennett has
called Congress's bluff. The members'
usual agenda of "spend more" won't be
If George Bush gives the drug speech
enough, especially since the Bennett strat-
he's expected to give Tuesday night, he'll
egy also calls for more than $1 billion in
finally have presented the country an anti-
new spending.
drug strategy worthy of the name. He'll
If they do take on Mr. Bennett, Demo-
also be endorsing the inspired madness in
crats will find an opponent well-armed for
the political method of Washington's most
argument. The drug czar is at his best
interesting public figure, "drug czar" Wil-
when carving up reigning pieties, such as
liam Bennett.
the one that blames "root causes" for the
Bill Bennett is fascinating because he's
drug problem.. "When you get a difficult
SO disdainful of Washington's conventional
social problem, there are always those who
political limits. Most cabinet members
want to make up the most difficult an-
(e.g., Attorney General Richard Thorn-
swers," he-says.
burgh) are heralded as skilled for figuring
The language of sociology-with its ex-
out the prevailing political interests and
cuses and "victims"- corrupted the
then somehow accommodating them. Mr.
way we look at social ills. Poverty, family
Bennett would rather force those interests
breakdown, poor schools-these are all
to accommodate him. In his favorite meta-
problems. But while we wait to solve them,
phor for Washington-football-he insists
lives are being lost. Drugs, especially
on "playing offense" and "moving the
crack, have made parts of our inner cities,
ball," lest others first move it on him.
a Hobbesian world, a "state of nature,
With his drug strategy, Mr. Bennett and
where life is "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish
his band of neoconservative aides are mov-
and short." The first duty of government
ing the ball less, against one political con-
in that world is to take back the streets, to
stituency than against an entire world
"ensure domestic tranquillity," as Mr.
view. "We're trying to change the terms of
Bennett puts it.
debate," he says, much as he did earlier
Since the buying and
as education secretary.
selling of drugs is a
He wants to hold all drug users account-
market, the duty of
able for the problem, not just the Medellin
government is to
cartel or local dealers. The cocaine addict
disrupt the market
wherever it is.
Potomac Watch
"If a mother
doesn't want to send
By Paul A. Gigot
her child to school
because of drug ac-
tivity in the streets,
of tomorrow is the casual user of today,
how can you worry
he's found; he wants to stigmatize the cas-
about root causes?"
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 1, 1989
ual user. He sees merit in traditional drug
Mr. Bennett asks. In
the notorious case of
William Bennett
treatment and in pursuing cartels, too, but
his centerpiece is street-corner law en-
Dooney Waters, a Washington, D.C., crack
forcement-more certain arrest, more cer-
house child, social workers well- knew,
tain punishment. Like Pogo, he thinks the
Dooney's predicament. They just didn't
public now understands that the drug prob-
dare risk their lives in the state of nature
lem is us, our appetite for drugs, and
that is a crack house. In the inner city, Mr.
wants to respond accordingly.
Bennett sees a new "invisible man," steal-
"We've seen this hardening of public
ing novelist Ralph Ellison's famous meta-
opinion. It's happened very quickly, says
phor to describe the majority who don't do
the man who grew up in the Age of
drugs or join gangs. They are the victims
Aquarius and once had a blind date with
government should protect.
one of its victims, Janis Joplin. "The cul-
Mr. Bennett wants nothing less than to
ture is changing."
rehabilitate the notion of "individual re-
Mr. Bennett's strategic departure is
sponsibility." In drug users, many have
radical enough that it even had to be sold
preferred to see only victims; Mr. Bennett
to many in the Bush administration. The
sees offenders first, violaters of the social
Justice Department, fond of high-profile
contract. He wants sanctions-names In
"kingpin busts, resisted the down-and-
the newspaper, boot camps, loss of welfare
dirty street-level approach. Others resisted
benefits-as a form of community stigma
Mr. Bennett's revolutionary notion that the
as much as punishment. Liberals, and con-
strategy itself be held accountable, judged
servative legalizers, will object, but the
by survey results of future drug use."And
public seems fed up enough to try it.
while George-Bush-has embraced Mr. Ben-
Whether the public also has the stom-
nett's ideas, the first draft of his Tuesday
ach to follow through when the going gets
speech turned out by the White House staff
tough, even Bill Bennett isn't sure. "That's
was largely a rehash of old drug cliches. A
the question I'm asking.
It's going to
White House used to reacting and playing
be hard. Arresting the mayor's son, the kid
defense can't quite believe Mr. Bennett has
next door," he muses. "But if we're seri-
given it a chance to play offense.
ous about it, I don't think it will have to be
very hard for very long. Because people
will stop using drugs.' He's that rare pub-
lic official who's willing to risk his reputa-
tion in order to try.
Photocopy-Preservation
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 1, 1989
Forty-Four Years Late, Peace in Europe
By LESZEK KOLAKOWSKI
But it didn't work out that way. Hit- anny and on new illusions-the "demo-
It is commonly believed that the peace
ler and Stalin divided Central Europe, but
cratic cooperation" with Stalin expected
arrangements after the First World War
war had begun, and nobody could with-
by President Roosevelt, perhaps even sin-
made the Second World War inevitable. On
draw any longer from the horrible roulette
acerely, who knows? But the fate of Poland
closer inspection, this seems by no means
table.
was sealed in Tehran, Yalta and Potsdam
certain. To be sure, many grievances and
The Second World War was the product
without Poles' voices being heard, just as
and many claims were left unresolved in
of the decisions of Individuals: of the pusil-
the fate of Czechoslovakia was set in
1919. But so they were after 1945, and for
lanimity of those in the West who believed,
1938.11
that matter, after every previous Euro-
or pretended to believe; the Nazis lies;
Forty years of peace, that Is, of
pean war. Many tribes live together in Eu-
of the Nazis' direct accomplices;" and,
non-war, were purchased by the enslave-
rope-sometimes peacefully, sometimes
above all, of Hitler himself. Social and psy-
ment of Central and Eastern Europe. As-
not-without clearly defined boundaries be-
chological conditions made the Nazi sel-
pects of the postwar order-the annexation
tween ethnic, linguistic and religious com-
zure of power and all the subsequent geno-
of the Baltic countries, for example-had
munities.
cidal carnage possible; nothing made It un-
as their only legal basis the Hitler-Stalin
The quarrels over these territories must
avoidable. Retrospectively) events seem to
pact, decades after both Hitler and Stalin
seem exotic to non-Europeans. Where, they
have been carried along by a fatal neces-
had met their ends.
must wonder, is Dobruja? What happened
sity, but this is an illusion. The past is in-
And so, some people in Central and
to Karelia? Anything pecullar about Upper
evitable only once it has become the
Eastern Europe keep saying that the war
Adyga? Why is Lvov SO important? Do you
past.
has not ended. There was no peace treaty.
really mean to suggest that Catalan and
I remember: vividly hearing the an-
Poland's never regained its independence,
Castilian are two different tongues? What
nouncement of the German Invasion of Po-
the ostensible cause of war in 1939. But
do the Basques want? What are the
land on Sept. 1, 1939, and then, two days
thinking in such legal terms is of little
Flemish and the Walloons unceasingly
later, the news of France and Britain de-
help. This peace treaty, a treaty that
fighting about? What language do the Alsa-
claring war. I was just 12. Then came the
would take the Europe of 1937 as a legally
tians speak? Why is Yugoslavia falling
German bombs, and a desperate escape to
valid starting point, will almost certainly
apart?
eastern Poland. On Sept. 17, the Soviets OC-
never be concluded. The borders that were
Have you never heard of the Cieszyn re-
cupied eastern Poland and we returned
drawn by Stalin's decrees were indeed en-
gion in Upper Silesia? Thanks for telling
home to Lodz again through burnt-out vil-
forced by violence and mass deportations,
me that Rijeka and Flume are the same
lages and cities. Deportation and five
without the consent of any of the peoples
thing, but what do they need two names
years of murderous oppression followed.
concerned.
for? Who precisely are the Ukrainian Un-
Of the men in the family, one was killed in
But 44 years later, as the third genera-
iates? And tell me why-exactly why-
battle, another was murdered by the Ge-
tion of inhabitants grows up inside those
were the Jews slaughtered by the Nazis?
borders, the most sensible course for Eu-
Unending Conflicts
rope is to accept the permanence of those
The list never ends. Nor do the con-
Within a few years,
national borders, especially between Po-
flicts, If we were to assume that unsettled
land and Germany In the west, and be-
claims in Europe must inevitably provoke
the world will be ruled by
tween Poland, Byelorussia, Lithuania and
wars, we have to assume that wars in Eu-
the Ukraine-although this should not pre-
rope will never stop, for there is no way-
people, to whom the Sec
clude independence for those countries
short of Hitlerian and Stalinist annihilation
ond World War will be no
that were entirely swallowed by the Soviet
and deportation of entire nations-that all
empire. The de-Sovietization of Central Eu-
those claims ever could be settled accord-
more than stories from a
rope will result not from a treaty nor, let
Ing to commonly accepted legal, ethnic
us hope, from another war, but from the
and historical criteria. But there is no rea-
textbook. The last heroes,
self-assertion of nations. This process has
son to accept this gloomy assumption.
the last soldiers, the last
begun and will not stop, however long, dif-
Among Europe's uncountable wars, big
ficult and dangerous it may prove to be.
and small, there has not since 1919 been a
hangmen will die or re.
The war is coming to an end through
war between democratic countries.
the lapse of time, by historical exhaustion
This is not to imply that democratic
treat and the living mem
(or: should we' call it convalescence?
countries have always behaved impecca-
ory will fade away.
Within a few years more, the world will be
bly. Some did revolting things in their de-
ruled everywhere by people to whom the
pendencles; others displayed an abomina-
Second World War will be no more than
ble cowardice toward despotic regimes;
stapo, two were sent to Auschwitz (they
stories from a textbook. The last heroes,
but they have not waged wars against one
survived), and a fifth was held in a POW
the last soldlers, the last hangmen will die
another. It is not likely that any of the con-
camp (he survived as well), A standard
or retreat and the living memory will fade
flicts and grievances within Western Eu-
Pollsh family story:
away. Only then will real peace, based on
rope today could trigger a European war.
In the first weeks of the war, nobody
reconciliation, be possible.
It is only the post-Yaltan division of Eu-
knew what was in store. Some older people
Younger Generations
rope, whereby Central European states
who remembered the German occupation
To those who lived under German rule
were forced by violence into the Soviet em-
during the last war expected that this one
or fought against it, May 1945 was a mo-
pire, that could cause it.
would be worse, but similar. Nothing of the
ment of great joy. The overwhelming ma-
The Second World War was not an un-
kind. We lived through not military occu-
jority of Germans, including anti Nazis,
avoidable cataclysm, effected by imper-
pation but a genocidal terror. Some 6 mil-
must have perceived it as a national catas-
sonal forces beyond human control. Nor
lion Poles, half of them.Jews, perished
trophe That is natural, that one cannot
was there anything inevitable in the vic-
German hands.
help. But younger generations of all nation-
tory of-National Socialism in Germany, or
Poles are amazed when they read mem
alities will feel neither emotion, just as my
in the Third'Reich's dazzling successes be.
oirs of the German occupation of France.
generation cannot enter into the emotions
tween 1938 and 1942. The West could easily
French life managed to continue, though at
of the people who witnessed November
have defeated Germany at any time be-
a lower level: The French still published
1918.
tween 1937 and 1939, if there had been the
books and magazines, attended high
Young Germans on the one side and
will to fight, as Gens. Keitel and Jodl ad-
schools and universities, gave each other
young Poles,Russians and Serbs on the
mitted
literary prizes, made movies, watched
other will not be-divided by feelings they
The Germans march into the Rhine-
movies and so on. To us, the warmeant
haveinot experienced. Their minds will
land; they annex Austria, the Sudetenland,
catastrophic break continuity, every-
therefore be more open; but not, we may
Bohemia. The Reich's early conquests are
thing fell apart-all of life was dominated
confidently hope, open to the prospect of
almost bloodless. The Western states are
simply by the will to survive:
any future European war
"seriously concerned." Hitler laughs: Let
From the first moment, we Poles de
them be "concerned," those miserable
luded ourselves that the Germans would
cowards-they will swallow anything. Ev-
quickly lose the war. It was'a most benefi-
Mr. Kolakowski, a fellow of All Souls'
erything works as he predicted, blackmail,
cial Illusion. It sustained us, and contrib-
College, Oxford, and a professor at the
Intimidation, lies. So why shouldn't Poland
uted greatly to the final victory, after long
University of Chicago, is the author of
be the next loot? There was no reason to
years of suffering
Main Currents of Marxism." He was ex-
expect anything save more "serious con-
Then the ambiguous@peace arrived,
pelled for political reasons from the Uni-
cern."
based upon a new surrender to another tyr-
versity of Warsaw in 1968.
Photocopy-Preservation
MONDAY, NOVEMBER 5, 1990 A15
Jeane Kirkpatrick
Castro's Blues
The death of Communism is less an
both projects developed with Soviet
event than a process-a process now
aid-was shut down. Each Cuban family
painfully under way in Cuba. The Marx-
was required to reduce its average.
ist regime is still in power, but the world
monthly consumption of electric power by
revolution from which it drew energy
10 percent. Any family failing to comply
and sustenance has died.
with these reductions would receive no
The latest phase in relations between
electricity for at least 30 days.
the Soviet Union and Cuba teaches us
Castro himself announced that
new lessons about the extent of Cuban
400,000 bulls were being domesticated
dependence on the Soviet economy and
to supplement the 200,000 bulls already
the extent of Soviet dominance in Cuban
available to replace tractors as they run
foreign policy.
out of gas in Cuban fields.
In Cuba, Fidel Castro is girding his
Castro has let his "disappointment"
countrymen's loins for the "special peri-
with the failure of Soviet "fraternal"
od" of hardship, when the revolution will
deliveries be known. But Soviet econo-
be tested as never before.
mists do not agree that their govern-
The economic crisis of which Castro
ment caused Cuba's problem.
warned last January is nearly upon them.
"The Cuban economy's advancing dis-
The socialist trading system of barter and
ease has not been a secret from anyone
subsidies has collapsed with the transfor-
for a long time now," commented Kom-
mation of Eastern Europe. Eastern Euro-
somolskaya Pravda recently. First, the
pean countries are now reorienting their
article charged that the Cubans had
trade to the West-and to hard currency.
exaggerated the Soviet shortfall. Instead
The Soviet Union has neither the
of 2 million tons short in oil and deriva-
resources nor the inclination to continue
tive deliveries, it was 580,000 tons
a system under which it provided oil,
short. Moreover, in the first six months
food, machinery and consumer goods in
of 1990 the Soviet Unionyhad actually
exchange for Cuba's sugar, nickel, fruit
delivered 100,000 tons more of oil and
and political and military support for
derivatives than in the first six months
world revolution. The Soviet Union, too,
of the previous year, it said.
is interested in dealing in convertible
So what is happening? Soviet analysts
currency. So early in 1990 the Soviet
speculate aloud. Either the Cuban govern-
government gave Castro notice that
ment is stockpiling this year's deliveries
from January 1991 forward, Soviet
in anticipation of harder times to come, or
trade with Cuba would be at world
the Cuban government has sold Soviet oil
prices in convertible currency.
to third parties to procure foreign ex-
At the end of August, announcing that
change. Both explanations are plausible.
"We must be ready to face even more
Castro is deeply concerned about the
difficult circumstances," the Havana gov-
future, and he is selling what he can.
ernment proclaimed that Cuba had en-
The Madrid daily El Pais described on
tered the "special period" of siege.
Oct. 17 the sale by the Cuban govern-
The government extended rationing
ment of a large number of antiques,
from the basics to almost everything,
stamp and coin collections and paintings.
overhauled the system of distribution
The decision to auction paintings by the
and exhorted the people to redouble
distinguished artist Joaquin Sorolla was
"creativity" and "vigilance." It cancelled
regarded as especially significant. Sorol-
some commercial flights due to fuel
la's paintings are the property of Cuba's
shortages and dramatically slashed the
National Museum of Painting and are
consumption of fuel and electricity.
regarded as part of the "national artistic
Recrimination against the Soviet Union
heritage." But they have been auctioned
became more frequent. The all-purpose
to the highest bidder in Sotheby's and
explanation for Cuba's economic difficul-
Christie's London galleries.
ties became: "As it is known, the U.S.S.R.
A manuscript of Federico Garcia Lor-
is having difficulties supplying us with
ca-a cherished possession of the Nation-
various basic goods we traditionally have
al Library-has also been sold recently.
received from that brother country."
Spanish sources report on frequent trips
Cuban officials said that because the
of antique dealers from Barcelona and
Soviets were unable to deliver 2 million
Madrid to Havana to procure thousands
tons: of oil and derivatives, the sugar-
of pieces of antique furniture, carriages
cane harvest suffered, and fuel deliver-
and SO forth. Obviously, Fidel Castro is
ies to trucks were cut by 50 percent,
seeking to provide for a rainy day.
with consequent effects on transporta-
"Castro combines strategic and tacti-
tion. Consumption of electricity was
cal abilities rarely surpassed among
sharply curtailed, affecting irrigation and
world leaders," Harvard professor Jorge
agriculture. Refrigeration capacities
Dominguez wrote in his 1989 study of
were cut, affecting the preservation of
Cuba's foreign policy. Clearly, those tac-
already-short food supplies.
tics are better suited to foreign affairs
Work on an oil refinery at Cienfuegos
than to the Cuban economy.
and at the Che Guevara nickel plant-
© 1990, Los Angeles Times Syndicate
Rowland Evans and Robert Novak
Bush's Unwanted Visits
CINCINNATI-President Bush
Beyond debate is how unwelcome
Republican Congressman in modern
had just tried again to rev up both
Bush is among his party's faithful.
times. Blackwell supporters hoped
Republican partisan spirits and the
The president's post-Ohio stop Fri-
the presidential visit would bring du-
national mood for war, when an im-
day first appeared a week earlier on
bious white voters to the polls. But
portant party leader here asked a
internal White House schedules as a
when the candidate insisted on ac-
question echoed by GOP colleagues
luncheon in Springfield, Ill., to help Jim
companying Bush back to the airport,
across the country.
Edgar's tight race for governor. But
a manager fretted that Blackwell
As Air Force Oneleft Cincinnati for
Edgar, a tried-and-true Bush backer,
could be doing "more useful things."
its next destination Friday, the Ohio
asked the president not to come be-
It is doubtful any Republican presi-
Republican mused: "I wonder whether
cause he would muddy the picture.
dent received a cooler welcome from
the president was here to help us or
Two other longtime loyalists were
the conservative Cincinnati Enquirer
help himself." Then, in effect answer-
visited by Bush despite misgivings in
than the editorial that greeted Bush
ing his own question, he told us: "If I
their camps. If Gov. Bob Martinez of
Friday. Asserting that Bush had
had my 'druthers, I would have pre-
Florida had heeded his advisers, he
ferred he not come."
"caved in" on the budget, the Enquir-
would have called off Bush's stop at
er advised that "if Cincinnatians seem
Bush on the campaign trail has
Orlando the day before to try to help
a little less enthusiastic about the
fortified his own approval ratings by
his come-from-behind reelection cam-
playing down his surrender to Demo-
president and the message he brings,
paign. Nor were staffers of Ohio gov-.
he will understand why."
cratic demands on the budget and
ernor candidate George Voinovich
Lack of enthusiasm was reflected the
donning his commander-in-chief's cap
happy to see the president here.
to assault Saddam Hussein as "worse
day before in Orlando by congressional
Actually, Bush was in Cincinnati
than Hitler." It is questionable how
candidate Bill Tolley, running uphill in
mainly to help a former administra-
what ought to be a Republican district.
much he helps Republican candidates
tion official Ken Blackwell, who is
with such unpresidential hyperbole.
Without directly. criticizing the presi-
attempting to become the first black
dent, he suggested that, the budget
fight confused voters about who's to
blame. "I think most people here," Tol-
ley told us, "agree with Newt Gingrich
[for voting against the budget]."
The president has sought to cut
through this GOP malaise with a pe-
culiar political speech consisting of
three parts. First is standard GOP
cheer-leading that Bush has refined to
an effective formula over 25 years.
Then comes a half-hearted, somewhat
embarrassing defense of the budget
agreement that produces pained looks
MONDAY, NOVEMBER 5, 1990 A15
on the faces of paying Republican
listeners. Third is the call to war.
Clumsily, Bush announces he is about
to "shift gears" away from partisan
oratory. He then reiterates his "no
compromise" dictum against Iraq, with
heavy emphasis on the harsh treatment
of American hostages. In Massachu-
setts Thursday, he got out of control in
claiming that Saddam has surpassed
Hitler in brutality. His set speech, as
delivered here, left $50-a-ticket listen-
ers passive and unresponsive-surely
not eager for combat in the desert.
Whether preparing America for war
is the true purpose of Bush's less-than-
welcome late campaigning, his entou-
rage appears more absorbed in its own
status than in the fate of struggling
Republican candidates. His Thursday
campaigning, including a long, unsched-
uled press conference, seemed mainly
in response to that day's New York
Times dispatch by Maureen Dowd sug-
gesting confusion at the White House
on Gulf rhetoric. The president was
described as furious at Dowd.
He might well be more concerned
with what a. well-known Ohio GOP
legislator told us following Bush's so-so
reception here. "He has torn the fabric
of the party by breaking his word on
taxes," said the Ohioan. "It can be
repaired, but not for many months and
not without a lot of effort." Such an
effort was nowhere on the White House
scope as the president spread his bifur-
cated message coast-to-coast.
© 1990, Creators Syndicate Inc.
Photocopy-Preservation
THE NEW YORK TIMES, SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 19 -1989
nitely not designed for adults.
Ulysses Johnson, assistant princi
pal at Watkins and a2 year veteran
of the Distr of Columbia school sys
tem, said the visitors also provide a
valuable role model for inner city stu-
dents, many of whom live in crime
ridden neighbor hoods.
"Seeing people doing something
helpful rather than something de
structive is very valuable, he said
The male role model is especially
helpful as many come from a single-
parent home, having only the moth
Valerie obban, whose daughter
Lauren is a first grader, tries to visit
for lunch at least once a month
It gives. you a chance to spend
time in their environment. my Mrs: Lob-
ban said, and it gives them an oppor-
tunity to show you off, too
Gary Baxter a contractor, tries to
schedule jobs on Capitol Hill so he can
have lunch with his 6-year-old daugh-
ter. PAT rhalat least once a week.
Like a lot of the fathers, im not
with her mom, Mr. Baxter said
"It's just another way of showing her
that I care about her. Frankly, like
being with the otherkids, too
Ms. Evans students agree that
Dining at School
having parents visit for lunch is fun.
'They like the school, said Jeral
With a Difference
Brown and they help you it you
spill anything
HE cuisine at Cafe Watkins on
Capitol Hill in Washington may be
sort of, well, juvenile, but it's the
clientele that attracts lunchtime visi-
tors
Since January 1988 parent of stu
dents at the Catherine R. Watkins
School have been encouraged to join
their children for lunch. The benefits
go far beyond the surprisingly tasty
food, parents and educators agree.
It provides a direct link during the
day between the school and home
said Valerie Evans, a first grade
teacher. It brings a little bit of the
home culture into the school - how
they eat, how they act."
Each week about 20 parents come
for lunch at the public school, helping
the staff manage the potentially cha
otic process of feeding 450 pupils in
grades 1 through 4. Parents help keep
the lines to and from the cafeteria
straight and quiet and usually sit with
their children's class at tables defi
Photocopy-Preservation
MONDAY, DECEMBER 17, 1990 A11
Jeane Kirkpatrick
Turn Saddam Back
It is wonderful that Saddam Hussein re-
Both these speeches are persuasive. Today
leased his foreign hostages. But it is also
Saddam Hussein is the leader of a middle-size
important not to be overwhelmed with grati-
power in the Middle East. If permitted to
tude, nor to imagine that with their release the
succeed in Kuwait, this violent man of boundless
Iraqi leader has made a major concession that
ambition and large arsenals of unconventional
the United States should now match with a
weapons will be in a position to destabilize
I
concession of its own.
moderate Arab regimes, establish hegemony in
IS
In advance of anticipated meetings with U.S.
the Gulf and emerge as a world power.
leaders, Saddam undoubtedly intended the hos-
An effort is afoot to spread the impression
e
tage release to communicate that he is not
that Israel would be the principal beneficiary of
wholly evil, that he is a man with whom we can
military action against Saddam Hussein, But that
di
do business, that he is ready to deal.
is nonsense. Kuwait itself, Saudi Arabia, the
or
Some observers fear the possible meetings of
Emirates and Egypt are the states most threat-
e
President Bush with Iraqi Foreign Minister
ened by Saddam's weapons. Of all the states in
IS
Tariq Aziz and Secretary of State James Baker
the region, Israel is best able to deter an attack.
with Saddam will set in motion a negotiation
At the same time, another effort is under
'O
ending in some sort of compromise in which
way in the United Nations in which Arab states
Saddam gets an oil field or an island or two.
are seeking to use the Gulf crisis to extract
e
Why else would Baker travel to Baghdad and
U.S. support for an "international peace confer-
0
Tariq Aziz to Washington, insistent voices ask, if
ence" on the Arab-Israeli problem. The out-
y
e
not to begin a negotiation by another name?
come of this effort will be clear in a long-pend-
Bush is fluent in the oblique language of
ing vote on a resolution-a vote which last
diplomacy, and it is possible that in the desire
week was once again postponed, but which
-
S
to avoid war and achieve some of his goals he
may occur this week.
1.
will be sucked into a process of mutual conces-
Some voices are urging that the United
{
sions. But it is more likely" that the proposed
States should strike a deal that will permit
talks are intended-as Bush has said they
n
Saddam to "save face." That is exactly what we
are-as a last effort to communicate the U.S.
)
should not do. It should not be possible to
government's seriousness of purpose to a ruler
invade, occupy and devastate a neighboring
who has little feel for Americans, little experi-
country without "losing face,"
ence with the world beyond the Middle East
Having trashed Kuwait, disrupted the re-
and a habit of underestimating his opponents.
gion, cost, the United States more than $30
Two strong speeches delivered last week
billion and other members of the coalition
explain again why it is important that the
perhaps $30 billion more, Saddam should not
United States and the associated coalition
be permitted merely to walk away: without
remain firm and clear in the Gulf.
penalty. That would be destabilizing to the
In one, that eminently clear-headed former
region and to the world.
president, Richard Nixon, explained again
At the very least, he should fully and
why the United States is and should be there.
unconditionally withdraw from Kuwait and
First, because "Saddam Hussein has unlimited
compensate his victims and their allies for the
ambitions to dominate one of the most impor-
economic costs of his violence. He cannot undo
tant strategic areas in the world. Because he
the human misery and death, but justice,
has oil, he has the means to acquire the
common sense and U.N. Security Council
weapons he needs for aggression against his
Resolution 674 call for financial compensation.
neighbors, including
at some future time,
Finally, Americans should face the fact that
a nuclear arsenal."
this man and his regime can't be trusted with
Second, because if in this first post-Cold War
weapons of mass destruction. Iraq's partisans
crisis Saddam profits from his aggression, "there
make the curious argument that the possession
are other potential aggressors in the world who
of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons
will be tempted to wage war against their
"balances" the power of Israel and "stabilizes"
neighbors. If we fail to roll back his aggres-
the region. This is like saying guns in the hands
sion-peacefully if possible, by force if neces-
of a mass murderer "balance" guns in the
sary-no potential aggressor in the future will
hands of the police.
be deterred by warnings from the United States
Saddam Hussein has a record of aggression.
or by U.N. resolutions," Nixon said.
Israel has a record of being the object of
Vice President Dan Quayle addressed the
aggression. The difference between aggression
same themes in a speech at Seton Hall Univer-
and self-defense is basic to both law and
sity, also emphasizing Saddam's ardent desire
morality.
to be "leader of a new Arab superpower."
Bush has committed American power and
"To that end, he spent some $50 billion on
reputation to turning back Saddam's brutal
arms imports during the '80s alone. He has
power drive: This undertaking has already
launched two wars of aggression during this
disrupted the lives of hundreds of thousands of
period
at a cost of some 1 million lives thus
American service families and cost the U.S.
far. He has built the sixth largest military force
billions that could have been applied to reduc-,
in the world. He has acquired a sizable stock-
ing the deficit. It has involved us in some
pile of both chemical and biological weapons
unsavory-but perhaps necessary-alliances
and he has launched a massive program to
and deals. Now it simply must succeed.
J
acquire nuclear weapons."
© 1990, Los Angeles Times Syndicate
1.
Photocopy-Preservation
6/5/89
Meg Greenfield
Anticommunism Redefined
Just about everyone in our public life who is in
destructive aspect of its configuration is that
trouble these days-a population about twice the
which suggests that there is a direct line from
size of Iceland's-sooner or later pronounces
liberal to Leninist, and that Leninist is where you
himself a victim of McCarthyism. Whether or not
end up if you are a liberal and forget to get off the
the label is fitting-in most current cases it is
train at your stop.
not-the legacy of the late senator from Wiscon-
The illusion has been strong, and it has not, I
sin is properly understood to be political hit-and-
fear, been mérely the work of those who rightly
run assaults of the most cynical, demagogic kind.
can be called McCarthyites-i.e., those who
What is less well understood is a second part of
smear all liberals as "commies," etc. It has also,
Sen. Joe McCarthy's malign legacy. He managed
unáccountably, been bought into at least, as a
to give anticommunism a bad name.
presumption by many liberals themselves who
In the streets and assembly halls of Warsaw,
persist not in being L'eninists, but in accepting that
Beijing, Moscow, Riga and Tbilisi, we now see
theirs is a generous, decent and responsible yer-
how perverse this legacy was. You don't hear the
sion of the hideous other thing: Sometimes this
quite common (until lately) term of contempt,
was expressed, or at least clearly implied, in the
"virulent anticommunist," used any more. Nowa-
idea that awful as communist systems might-be,*
days everyone, including half the communist gov-
they were the price you were going to have to pay
ernments of the world, it sometimes seems, is
(or, more precisely, let other people pay) for past
anticommunist. My humble point is that in addi-
economic repression and neglect. The theory here
tion to new policies and initiatives, what this
was that political freedom was a luxury, a fringe,
country sorely needs in the wake of the worldwide
that could not be afforded by people who required
convulsion is a new political vocabulary and a
an economic life-support system in a hurry. Well,
revised political map.
we all know how dismally that worked out. And
I do not mean that Sen. McCarthy made
now, thanks to those fighting, shouting, disrupt-
anticommunism suspect and a term of ridicule,
ing, demanding citizens in countries around the
especially among liberals and moderates, all by
world, including in the industrialized Eastern bloc,
himself. He had plenty of help over the decades:
we know something about the importance, the
mad would-be nuclear bombers, lunatic inquisi-
indestructibility and the paramountcy of-yes-
tors, people who would embrace and even idolize
liberal values in challenging and undermining
y
any ruling butcher, thug, or. embezzler anywhere
left-wing tyrannies.
so long as he professed himself a foe of Soviet
With the wonderful, ego-saving capacity we all
have to remember only where we were right and
to forget the times we were wrong, Americans on
What this country now
all political sides have managed to see in events
abroad vindication for themselves. On the right,
needs is a new political
people who swore that the communist systems of
the world were permanently incapable of change
vocabulary and a revised
are hailing the change as evidence of how well
they themselves have done their work. On my
map.
side, where people are much merrier political
felons, I note that we have cheerfully and shame-
power. But I don't. think this element of the
lessly appropriated the whole thing. Never mind,
ding-dong American right had nearly SO devasta-
for example, that until pretty recently we were
ting an impact on its alleged Soviet enemy as on
dismissing "Captive Nations" week and other such
its domestic political opponents, the liberals, who
manifestations of sorrow over the situation in
were often kept so busy contradicting and derid-
Eastern Europe as the mischievous, warmonger-
ing its crazy excesses that they seemed pretty
ing handiwork of far-right emigresgroups. Now
much to forget what the main conflict was about.
the Baltic nationalists, along with all the other
By the "main conflict," I mean the liberals' main
protesters, many of them properly described as
absolutely "anticommunist," have been blithely
philosophical conflict, which is not nearly so much
with the gnats of the far right as it is with the
christened "liberals" by us. They are ours.
mammoths of Soviet-style Leninism around the
I have been wondering when more than just a
the world. Periodically in recent years people who
few American conservatives would notice that
believe more or less as I do will have found
every time there is a confrontation somewhere in
themselves being asked if their anticommunism
the world, we manage to dub the good guys
does not suggest that they are really "conserva-
liberals and the bad guys conservatives and pretty
tive" rather than "liberal" in outlook. This question
soon that is the common currency, To be sure,
has always amazed me because, as I immediately
there is in the heavy-going literature of Kremlin
start arguing to no apparent effect, it seems to me
studies some authority for this, and it is also) the
that communism, as we have seen it in practice
case that there is in logic some reason for it, since
around the world, represents the true antithesis of
the resisters of change in those obsolete, repres-
humane, liberal values in every respect. Its impo-
sive systems tend to be fierce defenders of party
sition represents the death of liberal values, not
and cultural orthodoxy. But, in truth, I am less
the ascendancy of an unfortunately extreme form
interested in when the American Right realizes its
of them.
wallet has been lifted and calls the police than I am
This last point is key, and it is well understood
in when the American Left (the terminology, alas,
persists) acknowledges to itself the meaning of its
by those who observe that from Eastern Europe
own present exuberance, not to mention the
to the Caribbean, when communist governments
implication of its own 1989 vocabulary. "Liberal"
have taken over their first targets and victims
in the current lexicon equals opposition to the
have invariably been the social democrats they
recognize as the main threat. Our currently ac-
communist systems that have been the greatest
predators of liberal values.
cepted mapping of the political terrain does not
1) 1989, Newsweek, Inc.
properly reflect this. The most misleading and
Reprinted by permission; all rights reserved.
Photocopy-Preservation
rals.
think
plans.
control adviser to the Kremlin.
Space Research Institute and arms
yev, former director of the Soviet
USA and Canada, and Roald Sagde-
rector of the Soviet Institute of the
led by Andrey Kokoshin, deputy di-
"roundtable" meetings with a group
members will begin a series of small
Next Tuesday the committee
retired Soviet generals and admi-
meet in the House with a group of
is Friday, when committee members
The first of the planned contacts
which could be far-reaching."
through
the
implications,
committee and the American public
tiative is designed to help both the
creasing threat. The committee ini-
little idea how to cope with a de-
increasing Soviet threat that we have
SO used to managing responses to an
'Here in the United States, we're
completely reverse or modify his
don't know if his successors will
years from now. If he is replaced, we
defense programs will be several
ceeds, we don't know where Soviet
succeed or even survive. If he suc-
From page Al
EXPERTS
SUBSCRIBER SERVICE: 636-3333 LJ cems
Hill will invite
Soviet advice
5/2
gress.
89
Over the weekend, Mr. Aspin sent
the diplomats are negotiators."
discuss directly, precisely because
and Soviet diplomats could never
a Soviet think tank that American
new ideas, We air newideas with
give-and-take and exploration of
in a better position for expansive
of that, a congressional committee is
ets," Mr. Aspin agreed. "But because
negotiate agreements with the Sovi-
"Only the executive branch can
with the administration.
Congress, preferring to deal directly
Western nations refuse to testify to
officials, representatives of most
According to State Department
a Soviet legislative blitz on Con-
ber of other contacts are expected in
the House committee here. A num-
Gorbachev, is due to testify before
sonal adviser to President Mikhail
viet General Staff and now a per-
Akhromeyev, former chief of the So-
Later in June, Marshal Sergei
ministration intends to put on rails.
warhead MX missile the ad-
deployed Soviet answer to the 10-
continental missile - the already-
to a Soviet SS-24 rail-mobile inter-
with a possible unprecedented visit
tee expects to visit the Soviet Union,
Over Memorial Day the commit-
on arms cuts
By Peter Almond
tacts - unprecedented in their in-
THE WASHINGTON TIMES
tensity as long as members do not
try to negotiate any deals with the
Congress will ask the Soviets to
Soviets.
help it make cuts in the U.S. military
Rep. Bill Dickinson. Alabama Re-
budget by providing firsthand infor-
publican and ranking minority
mation on their military plans.
member of the committee, said he
The unprecedented move seek-
agrees the Soviet situation is fluid
ing expert testimony from the na-
and has to be examined carefully be-
tion's chief global adversary - was
fore the committee approves De-
to be formally announced today by
fense Secretary Richard Cheney's
the House Armed Services Commit-
budget.
senior senior arms-control adviser, on Fri- -
Edward Rowny, President Bush's
levels, according to defense officials.
military production remains at high
of Hungary and East Germany, and
T-62 tanks have SO far been taken out
still uncertain. Only old T-55A and
planning, which to U.S. officials is
U.S. programs is Soviet military
The key to many of the advanced
insist is a receding Soviet threat.
ers - designed to meet what many
layed two years.
such as the B-1 and B-2 bomb-
those expensive and advanced weap-
however, want to cut funding for
Many Democrats in Congress,
Stealth bomber effectively de-
for the technologically troubled/ B-2
for an extra $300 million next year
Force also reportedly plans to ask
Air Force specifications. The Air
in Soviet radars and still won't meet
billion to defeat expected advances
measures system will cost about $1.2
versial plane's electronic counter-
tee.
But he said if the objective of the
According to his staff, the contro-
B-1B" bomber.
reaching decisions concerning the
committee is faced with "some far-
systems subcommittee saying the
procurement and military nuclear
a memorandum to members of the
It will include a series of hearings
contacts is to justify opening up the
and other direct contacts with Soviet
budget package he will object. All
military officials intended to help
kinds of defense programs would
the committee decide where to make
come under attack and Mr. Cheney's
cutbacks in the U.S. armed forces.
package would become unwrapped,
Committee Chairman Les Aspin,
he said
Wisconsin Democrat, described the
"We are dealing with a moving
proposed action as a "major initia-
target." Mr. Aspin said of the Soviet
tive." He said the committee intends
defense plans, knowledge of which
to supplement classified Defense In-
is vital to the United States as it pre-
telligence Agency briefings with di-
pares to cut or delay major weapon
rect Soviet inputs, including visits to
systems.
Soviet military installations never
The Soviets are talking about
before seen by Western officials.
unilateral moves that have not yet
Neither White House, nor De-
been implemented," Mr. Aspin said.
dividing the NATO alliance.
fense Department, nor State Depart-
"We don't know if Gorbachev will
with the Soviets - an issue that is
ing talks on short-range missiles
with similar actions, including open-
moves towards "defensive defense"
for President Bush to match Soviet
Warnke, presented a report calling
idential arms-control adviser, Paul
Yesterday, however, a former pres-
through it," he said.
gap SO wide one could drive a tank
Soviets have. created a credibility
forces] and conventional forces, the
"On SNF Ishort-range nuclear
inventory or in storage.
would remain in the army's active
10,000 tanks to be cut in Europe
Mr. Gorbachev said that none of the
dicts Gorbachev." On Jan. 18, lie said,
Said Mr. Rowny: "This contra-
tional economy.
form 'peaceful service' in the na-
machine guns removed and will per-
yet others will have their guns and
senal, other be mothballed, and
many will remain in the Army's ar-
being withdrawn from East Ger-
on April 18:
ment officials have expressed any
"Some of the most modern tanks
the publication Sovietskaya Rossiya
Forces in East Germany, as saying in
mander of the Group of Soviet
day cited General B.V. Snetkov, com-
objection to the congressional con-
see EXPERTS, page A10
Photocopy-Preservation
5/11/89
Why Does Zbig Trust Gorby?
By MARY TEDESCHI EBERSTADT
One would know from reading The
Grand Failure that the bell has tolled for
It is only three years since Zbigniew
communism before. Event after- tragic
zezinski warned in Game Plan' that
event- the Hitler Stalin pact, Khrushchev's
the Soviet "desire for global pre-emi-
secret speech," China's Cultural Revolu-
nence remained a fixture of foreign af
tion. The Gulag tchipelago" have con-
fairs and that the U.S. might still lose the
firmed its moral bankruptcy; SO too have
East West contest "by default With the millions of its -victims and refugees. Its
publication of "The Grand Failure: The theoretical limits and contradictions have
Birth and Death of Communism in the been, adumbrated for generations And
wentieth Century" (Scribner's, 278 pages, while communism's pretensions to mate-
$19.95 )3 preoccupations like these seem total rial and social superiority, have proved
have left him altogether. By the late 1980s, 17 hardier than most claims made on its be
Mr. Brzezinski now. argues, communism half, it is years since those pretensions
the world over has reacheda state of stergatu have been accepted by any but the most
minal crisis VOC ists
hardened Western sympathizers. an
In China, economic reform has been
By such measures, indeed, the failure
purchased at the cost of an "ideological di-
of communism" has been plain for dec
dution". that may well-prove irreversible
ades. To read The Grand Failure," with
In Eastern Europe, indigenous political life
its concentration on the system's weak-
has been "reborn" and opposition move-
nesses, is to wonder how it survived at all,
ments have appeared in every nation now
much less imposed itself on much of the
subject- to Soviet domination. Would be
world. Yet the history of Marxism Lenin
revolutionaries from Asia to Latin Amer THE
ica are. abandoning Marxist practice for
the likes: of market socialism while
LA
form
Bookshelf
communist parties themselves are falling
The Grand Failure:
victim to the pervasive appeal of pluralist
democracy Am THE 18
bills
160
The Birth and Death
The precipitating cause of these
the for of Communism
ransfor mations, Mr. Brzezinski argues, is
in the Twentieth Century'
the Soviet Union itself where a new gener
by Zbigniew Brzezinski
ation of leaders has at last begunito grasp
Photocopy-Preservation
the "fatal dilemma of the communist sys
ism to judge even by the past 15 years, is
tem" Its economic success cantonly be
Tat leastias distinguished by its grand suc
purchased at the cost of political stability,
cesses as by the times it has fallen flat It
while its political stability can only be sus
is true that the Soviet Union now stands to
tained at the cost of economic failure
Mose many of its geopolitical gains of the
The roots of today's changes run deep;
if
1970s and early 1980s Lituis equally true
not Mikhail Gorbachev, then d'somejother
that it managed these and other advances
Soviet reformer would all probability
despite a sickly economy, a backward soci-
have emerged by the mid-1980s # The par
ety, a restive/Eastern Europe and other
A
ticulary fate) of estroika- protracted
Problems casti in The Grand Failure" as
but inconclusive turmoil, Suint Mr.s Brze
harbingers of death. SID
zinski's own estimate somewhat beside
to The protean essence of communism-
the point: With Stalin gone and enin go
ability, through the efforts of a few ruth
ing, the political disintegration and the
less practitioners, to adapt and persist
doctrinal eclipse of communism as a dis
whatever its manifest handicaps-has long
tinctive historical phenomenon" seem as
surpassed eventhe grandest imaginings of
sured
In
Marx. That essence remains the chief as
That collapse has been made the more
set of the communist world today. It per:
imminent, the author argues, by the miser
sists in the Philippines," El Salvador, Peru
able legacy of the Marxist Leninist experi-
and other countries still vulnerable to com-
ment Mr. Brzezinski deftly summarizes
munist assault It is perhaps most visible
the human toll taken by decades of purges,
in the Kremlin, where the general secre-
collectivizations and other atrocities. He
tary, who only recently presided over one
makes good use of recent scholarship to
of the ghastliest loccupations of this cen-
document the material failures of the com
tury, has risen from the ashes of Afghani-
munist world, from the inability to supply
stan to become the boldest "statesman" on
even basic consumer goods to the neglect
the world scene
of life and dignity implied by such relative
One wishes Mr. Brzezinski had lingered
measures of well-being as statistics on
over the Marquis Astolphe de Custine, who
health and mortality. To judge by the ap-
observed in Russia 150 years ago that "the
pendix, not a country in the communist or
only domain in which the tyranny shows
bit has kept pace with-much less sur
invention is in the means of perpetuating
passed-any state in the free world over
its own power." As a moral and material
the decades since World War II.
experiment, communism has failed in its
The Grand Failure" should have en-
every incarnation. As a method of securing
during worth as a succinct and remarkably
and exercising power, however, it has re-
thorough account of the costs of commu-
warded its practitioners as no other ideol-
nist rule. The question remains, höwever,
ogy of this century. Those now gathered
whether the evidence assembled here can
around its coffin may want to stay and
support Mr. Brzezinski's prediction of the
watch a while longer.
eventual demise-within a historically
foreseeable period-of communism as this
Mrs. Eberstadt is executive editor of
century has come to know it.
the National Interest
by a top Gorbachev aide, Yev
Selling Sacrifice: Gulf Rationale Still Eludes Bush
Primakov, who called for a
Initiative to persuade Preside
dam Hussein of Iraq to give up
peacefully.
By THOMAS L. FRIEDMAN
Baker 3d, talking more like a former
manipulation, and the negative recep-
brutality that is naked and unprece-
United Nations action would
Specialto The New York Times
Republican campaign chairman,
tion it has received from commenta-
dented in modern times. And that must
help an operation led by the
WASHINGTON, Nov. 15 More than
shrugged off the President's earlier
tors, seem to have stirred the Presi-
not stand." How can the United States
States to drive President Sadda
three months after the Persian Gulf
message that the gulf operation was
dent to engage in a new effort to win
Insure that the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait
sein's forces out of Iraq. All of
isis began, the Bush Administration
"not about oll" and linked it directly to
the backing of the American public. In
will not stand, If the mission of Amer-
ington's major European allies
still seems to be seeking a rationale to
oil supplies and the health of the Amer-
addition to the long Interview with
Ican troops is "wholly defensive," to
Britain and all of its major Aral.
convince the American public of the
Ican economy.
CNN, he will also be appearing in the
protect Saudi Arabia?
have made Security Council appi
need to commit hundreds of thousands
"If you want to sum It up in one word,
"My Turn" column in the forthcoming
These contradictions not only arlse
precondition to taking part in SI
of troops for a possible
It's Jobs," Mr. Baker suld. 'Because an
Issue of Newsweek.
from the Administration's lack of a
operation, according to a I'll
war to free Kuwait from
economic recession, worldwide, caused
The Bush Administration came into
clearly defined purpose, but also from
European Community official.
News
Iraq.
by the control of one nation, one dicta-
office priding itself on prudence and
the very amblguous nature of the
Leading figures in Congress
Analysis
In an interview tonight
tor, of the West's economic lifeline will
pragmatism. In its first 18 months,
stakes In the gulf crisis and the Admin-
both parties have said they would
on Cable News Network,
result in the loss of jobs on the part of
when the most important foreign
istration's difficulty in sorting out the
a special session, in the event
President Bush acknowl-
American citizens."
policy decisions involved reacting to
complexities.
favorable vote in the Security C
edged this problem, when he said: "If
events initiated by others in Eastern
"In World War II," said the historian
to debate President Bush's policy
haven't done as clear a job as I might
An Argument That Resonates
Europe, its Instinctive caution and
Daniel J. Boorstin, a former Librarian
guif. But it might prove diffici
have on explaining this, then I've got to
The fact that Mr. Baker would sug-
pragmatisim worked well enough.
of Congress, "the threat of Hitler was
critics of the policy to vote aga
do better, because I know In my heart
gest that the protection of jobs was a
But mobilizing the country for possi-
so clear and unambiguous that to be
with a United Nations resoluti
of hearts that what we are doing is
primary reason American troops
ble war is a different enterprise, one in
anti-Nazi was to affirm something. If
ready on the record. Congres:
right. I know what the United Nations
might have to fight a war for Kuwait
which a President must take the initia-
leaders decided Wednesday not 11
has done is correct. I know that we've
seemed to be both a search for an
tive to persuade the nation that his
for a special session now but reso
got ostand up to this aggression."
easily appealing rationale, as well as
aims are clear and the sacrifices jus-
the right to do so later.
The Administration has found Itself
an acknowledgment that the Adminis-
tifed.
Falling back on
The Bush Administration con:
with often contradictory-sounding ex-
tration's explanations up to now have
Slogans Aren't Substance
it crucial that any resolutic
planations. This was highlighted this
failed to resonate with the public.
the instincts of
brought to a vote before Nov. 30,
week when Secretary of State James A.
Mr. Baker's attempt at political
"That requires a clarity of purpose
the United States yields the chai
that can only grow out of a vision of
America's role in the world," said Mi-
the electoral
ship of the Security Council to Y,
That small Arab nation has S
chael J. Sandel, a Harvard University
been an American ally in the Pc
Soviet Diplomat Urges Delay
political theorist. "Pragmatism is not
enough, Slogans comparing Saddam
campaigner.
Gulf crisis and could tangle a new
lution In parliamentary comple:
Husseln to Hitler, or claiming that the
the senior official said.
In U.N. Action on Gulf Crisis
whole thing is about 'jobs,' are no sub-
stitute for serious moral and political
your enemy Is sharp and clearly de-
'Don't Act Like Cowboys'
arguments."
fined, then just by opposing him you
Top Administration policy m.
From the very start of his term,
have principles of your own. But who is
have said in the last week that de
Continued From Page Al
ing the safety of both Israel and its
though, Mr. Bush has seemed to believe
Saddam Hussein? Most Americans had
Mr. Bush's deployment of hundro
Arab neighbors.
that political debate, and the building
never even heard of this man. Is he
thousands of fresh troops to Saudi
tary force, then you should act immedi-
Mr. Primakov said the Idea of anew,
of constituencies, were the stuff of elec-
really Hitler, or something else? There
bia and the surrounding regio
ately. If you adopt it without action you
and perhaps final, attempt to negotiate
tion campaigns, while governing In-
Is a real confusion here about what
decision has been made yet to st:
send the wrong signal. I'm not for bluff-
a peaceful settlement to the crisis is
volved pragmatic decision-making.
these people over there are all about."
offensive. No attack is likely, they
ing with dangerous things."
likely to be raised in Paris on the side-
As a result, when Mr. Bush and Mr.
If there is any argument that seems
said, before January or Februa
lines of the meeting of the 34 members
Baker found themselves in the position
to resonate with American troops in
the earliest.
Bush Administration officials in
Washington said that Mr. Primakov's
of the Conference on Security
and
of having to shape a national consensus
Saudi Arabia, It is that Saddam Hus-
A United Nations resolution, li)
for a large-scale foreign commitmemt,
sein Is a dangerous dictator with chem-
troop deployment, would be part
comments were familiar to them and
Cooperation in Europe next week.
their instincts seem to hark back to
ical weapons and a nuclear potential,
effort to persuade Mr. Hussein the
that they did not believe he was speak-
This meeting will bring together the
campaign tactics. They appear to ap-
who, if not stopped now, will threaten
only options are retreat or destruct
ing for either Mr. Gorbachev or Mr.
heads of state or government of four of
proach the building of a domestic polit-
world peace.
But it, like the troop deployment,
Shevardnadze.
the five permanent Security Council
ical base for war as though It were an-
But up to now, the President has Ilm-
the risk of frightening the Ame
members, though not of China.
No Reward, U.S. Says
other political campaign, where differ-
ited himself more to name-calling than
people, too, and convincing mr
Western diplomats who had ques-
ent slogans are employed each week,
explaining why this particular dictator,
them that a war is imminent.
"Our position has always been one
tions about Mr. Primakov's statements
hoping that eventually one will strike
with these particular weapons, in this
The senior American offic
that Saddam Husseln cannot be re-
recalled that after Mr Primakov's sec-
the right chord.
particular spot, must be stopped.
that, following Congressional
warded for his aggression,' he said.
ond visit to Baghdad, which ended Oct.
This ad hoc approach led into a web
"If you say that this man is Hitler,
advice, the Administration was
This issomething that Primakov him-
28, President Gorbachev said his envoy
of contradictions. On Oct. 16, the Presi-
then Hitler calls forth a Churchill,"
an effort "to not move pree
self has been told. Secretary Baker had
had detected signs that "Iraq's leader-
dent said that "the fight isn't about oll;
said Fouad Ajami, a Middle East ex-
don't act like cowboys,
an extr emely good round of discussions
ship might at last heed the voice of the
the fight is about naked aggression,"
pert at Johns Hopkins University.
through the United Nations
with Foreign Minister Shevardnadze
United Nations."
while on-Nov. 13, Mr. Baker sald that it
"Bush has to meet him on the symbolic
tent that you can."
on this subject in his recent meeting
But later official pronouncements
was about "jobs." How can it be about
level, with a sweeping historical vision
Under Security Council
and we expect the President will like-
from Baghdad suggested otherwise.
jobs, but not be about oil?
and the stirring oratory that will make
proval of a resolution authorize
wise have LA very good discussion with
Defending What?
men ready to sacrifice to stop him. But
use of military force requir
President Gorbachev In France."
New Mideast Effort
a nation that has just bid farewell to
nine affirmative votes, and
Mr. Primakov said the five countries
President Bush, President Francois
On Aug. 8, the President declared
the cold war and Ideological passion is
five permanent members
with permanent Security Council seats
Mitterrand of France and Foreign Sec-
that the mission of American troops
not easily summoned for a warring as-
States, the Soviet Uniot
the United States, Britain, France,
retary Douglas Hurd of Britain all said
was "wholly defensive, but on Oct. 23,
signment in a faraway place against a
France and China - must
China and the Soviet Union - should
in addresses to the General Assembly
he declared that "we're dealing with
man whom people sense Is not really
yes or abstain.
Hitler revisited, a totalitarism and
this year that an Iraql withdrawal
part of our story."
The Soviet Union and C1
from Kuwait should lend to a new ef-
Moscow envoy
fort to resolve the whole Middle East
question, including an agreement on Is-
says Iraq needs a
rael's boundaries, suggesting that
President Hussein has a chance to
present a withdrawal from Kuwait as a
way to back out.
move that opened the door to a national
homeland for Palestinians.
President Hussein has also hinted
join with the Arab League countries to
that he might be prepared to surrender
send an envoy to Baghdad to present
Kuwait in return for the withdrawal of
President Hussein with what he called
foreign forces from the gulf and settle-
"a face-saving package.'
ment to the Palestinian and other Mid-
Such a package, he went on, would
die East issues:
"draw together' all the Ideas that have
Western diplomats say they are con-
been suggested for ligking a resolution
cerned that the Sovlet Union wants to
of the gulf crisis with an overall Middle
forge an unreallstically close link be-
East settlement which would Include a
tween the crisis In the gulf and the
resolution of the Palestinian problem.
Palestinian problem.
'Face-Saving Package'
^ Shift Is Noted
"We should gather up all the things
Mr. Primakov admitted that there
that have been said In the United Na-
has been little sign so far that the Iraqi
tions and the Arab League about ne-
leader Is preparing to cooperate with
gotiating Iraq's dispute with Kuwait
the Security Council demand to with-
and settling the Palestinian problem
draw from Kuwait. But he sald he had
and give them to him in one big face-
seen "an evolution of his position" be-
saving package," he said.
tween his two visits to Baghdad.
Mr. Primakov, who made trips to
During his first visit on Oct. 5, Mr.
Baghdad on Mr. Gorbachev's behalf
Primakov said the Iraqi leader spent
last month, insisted that Iraq must
much of their time together arguing his
withdraw unconditionally from Ku-
claim that Kuwait is an integral part of
wait, as the Security Council demands,
Iraq that was artificially separated
and that Mr. Hussein should not be al-
from it by Britain in colonial days.
lowed to reap any tangible rewards
But when he returned to Baghdad on
from his invasion of Kuwait on Aug. 2.
Oct. 28, Mr. Hussein no longer ap-
But he said President Hussein might
peared interested in defending the
still be persuaded to give up Kuwait
takeover. Instead, he wondered how
peacefully If the permanent Security
the Security Council could guarantee a
Council members and Arab League
resolution of the Palestinian issue If he
countries can convince him this will
gave up Kuwait. He also worrled about
lead to withdrawal of foreign forces
his personal safety, recalling several
from the gulf, a resolution of the Pales-
plots against him after he agreed to a
For Book Lovers in Uniform, a Touch of Home
tinian problem and the establishment
cease-fire with Iran two years ago. And
of a new security structure designed to
he asked for guarantees that Iraq
Members of a United States Marine unit scanning the shelves of a small library at a recreation center estab-
stabilize the whole region, guarantee-
would not be attacked.
lished for American and British troops in Saudi Arabia.
Photocopy-Preservation
A8
REVIEW & OUTLOOK
'A Declining Power'
The missile attack on Israel now
came, he also showed the moral cour-
complicates the war. The strong im-
age to make an emphatic decision, at-
pression remains, however, that the
tacking at the first opportunity after
spectacular initial success of Ameri-
the UN deadline, with discriminate
can arms in Iraq portends many bene-
but overwhelming force. No equivoca-
fits that might ultimately be reaped:
tion, no gradualism, no Vietnam.
prospects for less instability in the
If the success vindicates the Presi-
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL FRIDAY, JANUARY 18, 1991
Middle East, a lower price of oil, a de-
dent, it debunks his critics. As the
terrent to potential aggressors around
planes flew, protesters in San Fran-
the world. But the most significant
cisco burned a police car in the name
gain of all will come if 'victory lets
of "peace." Flag-burning continued
America, and above all its elite; re-
even yesterday, after the battle re-
cover a sense of self-confidence and
sults came in. Yes, this is democracy
self-worth.
and freedom in action, but what
Wednesday night's air attack was
strange Gods do these people wor-
preeminently a display of compe-
ship?
tence. More than 100 Tomahawk
More seriously, only last Saturday
cruise missiles led the attack, fol-
47 U.S. Senators voted against what
lowed by Stealth airplanes and then
was done Wednesday night. After the
waves of conventional war planes.
vote, commendably, they united be-
Iraq's command and communications
hind the President. Yet their rhetoric
facilities were put out of operation, at
of fear and irresolution still echoes.
least in the crucial attack hours. Iraq:
The President's course was opposed,
was, not able to launch its SCUD mis-
too, by most opinion-leaders in the
siles or otherwise take offensive ac-
press, all of the traditional doves plus
tion, either because the chain of com-
a surprising contingent of one-time
mand had been broken or the facilities
hawks.
themselves were destroyed. The air
This hand-wringing was of a piece
defense was neutralized. All this with
with currents that have been building
extraordinarily low. losses of three
for a generation. We have always
planes by the allied forces and mini-
dated them to November 1963, a
mum damage to civilian targets.
month that opened with the assassina-
(Secretary Cheney and General
tion of Ngo Dinh Diem in Saigon and
Powell warned yesterday against eu-
closed with the assassination of John
phoria, of course, an attitude now con-
F. Kennedy in Dallas. Vietnam
firmed by the assault on Israel, the
dragged on, followed by the inflation,
Photocopy-Preservation
victim of one Arab nation's Invasion
the collapse of the Bretton Woods
of another. However at this juncture,
monetary system, Watergate, even
the attack with Scud missiles mainly
more inflation, hostages in Iran, the
conveys desperation by Saddam Hus-
economic rise of Japan. America-or
sein. It's evident that at some point,
at least its intellgentsia, its media,
the campaign will enter a ground
most of its political leaders and great
phase, in which high casualties are al-
swatches of its business establish-
ways possible. But it's also true that
ment-came to doubt its own compe-
as pressures mount, Iraqi troops will
tence and self-worth.
start to surrender. It's possible that in
This mood did not break in the face
the end the coalition will not only suc-
of a record peacetime economic ex-
ceed in freeing Kuwait, but be forced
pansion, or even with the collapse of
by events to decide what to do with
the Soviet superpower. As the latter
Baghdad. Whatever the precise end-
occurred, an obscure professor's book
game or whatever further fighting or
became a best-seller because pages
casualties may lie ahead, the essential
514-535 discussed "imperial over-
outcome is already clear, decided in
reach" and suggested American de-
the first two hours of combat.
cline. Perhaps the elite mood did not
Thursday's outcome vindicates
break because the President who pre-
American generalship, though we
sided over these events, a California
hope the ground stage is equally care-
movie actor not prone to introspec-
ful and imaginative. It also vindicates
tion, was SO self-evidently not one of
American weaponry; the high-tech
them. The common people by and
weapons were instrumental in the suc-
large proved immune to the national
cess. (We ourselves are proud to have
self-doubt, but the danger is that such
supported the small band of officials
moods can be self-realizing. Even now.
who kept the Tomahawk from being
we suffer a new recession only partly
traded away in arms-control talks in
because of the shock of Iraq; it
the mid-1970s. And if our system suc-
started earlier, with an epidemic of
ceeded yesterday in shooting down a
hypochondria among bank examiners.
SCUD aimed at Saudi Arabia, it is a
Yesterday's financial markets, with a
great advertisement for SDI.)
114-point surge in stocks, suggests, a
Wednesday's suppression of piracy
confidence-boost that may lift the
can also be set aside the strategic con-
economy.
traction of the Soviet empire as vindi-
More broadly, we hope that
cation of the military buildup by Pres-
Wednesday display of competence,
ident Reagan.
resolution and leadership will be the
Most important of all, Wednesday's
first step in breaking the sourness, in
success vindicates American political
building a new mood that allows
leadership, in the person of President
America to manage its own problems
Bush. We have already commented on
and play its proper role in the world.
the incredible success of his political
It seems a strange and anachronistic
management, in winning the support
notion, we recognize, that a nation
of Arab allies, then the United Na-
should seek its self-esteem on the bat-
tions, the American people and finally
tlefield. But after all, that is where it
the Congress. But when the time
was lost.
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL FRIDAY, JANUARY 18, 1991
Present at the Destruction
The new and obvious reality: Mik-
in the hope that his party could re-
hail Gorbachev has become a drag on
lieve deep tensions without surrender-
reform. He has just delivered a body-
ing control. Now he knows he was
blow to glasnost, placing the media
wrong. With strong urging from party
under the control of his compliant leg-
reactionaries, he's trying to put the
islature to "ensure objectivity." West-
genie back in the bottle.
ern leaders are ratcheting down their
That may bei impossible, even with
expectations; an enlightened despot
the power that derives from the bar-
will not lead the U.S.S.R. to demo-
rels of guns. The crackdown in Vilnius
cratic capitalism. But the question is
caused division and instability, not
often asked: If not Gorbachev,
unity. The crucial factor was the re-
what?
sponse of the other republican lead-
An alternative exists-the forces
ers. The leaders in Russia, Ukraine
that truly want reform, the govern-
and the other Baltic states see the
ments of Boris Yeltsin, the Baltic re
Lithuanian struggle as part of their
publics and republicans in Ukraine
struggle, not as a discrete revolt by
and elsewhere. Western governments
some other nationality. The Russian
could begin dealing directly with
empire is not a typical empire; even
those leaders on some matters,
many Russians don't want it.
thereby supporting confederal tenden-
There is a trend toward decentrali-
cies already under way.
zation in all spheres of Soviet life. It is
But this, it is argued, would risk
induced not only by the fax machine
further crackdowns, backed by
but by psychological imperatives. If
charges of "outside interference.'
Mr. Gorbachev merely keeps the lid
Mr. Gorbachev at least will enforce
on a boiling pot, the final revolution,
public order. That will let the new Eu-
when it comes, could be the worst of
ropean democracies develop without
scenarios.
having a chaotic civil war to their
It is also doubtful that popular
east or an upsurge of "ethnic rival-
opinion in the democracies would tol-
ries' in the Baltics and southern re-
erate continued cooperation with Mr.
publics. The withdrawal of the Red
Gorbachev if he contínues to shed
Army from Germany will proceed.
blood. The peoples of Poland and
And the Soviet Union would go
Czechoslovakia already are displaying
back into the deep freeze, the nation's
reduced tolerance.
20 million bureaucrats a deadening in-
Direct dealing with alternative
fluence on all change.
leaders need not be launched dramati-
The problem with this view is its
cally. The West can't cut off all con-
assumption, with little basis in histori-
tact with the center, which controls
cal fact, that empires tightly con-
the guns. Still, a long-term strategy
trolled from the center are stable. At
has to evolve that backs the good guys
this stage, the deep-freeze option
against the bad guys. The West cannot
probably doesn't exist. Mr. Gorbachev
continue to ride pitifully along on the
broadened the country's political base
coattails of Mr. Gorbachev.
Photocopy-Preservation
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL FRIDAY, JANUARY 18, 1991
The Men
Who've Learned
From Vietnam
That plan has the clear objective lack-1
For 20 years those who oppose the use
ing in Vietnam: Destroy Saddam's mill-
of American military force have chanted,
tary capacity and clear him from Kuwait.
No. more Vietnams. They never imag
It also has domestic support represented
ined that Colin Powell and his fellow gen-
by the vote from Congress.
erals would agree with them
And from the first week of the military
The assault on Iraq is a long way from
buildup in August, Gen. Powell has advised-
over, but its initial, ongoing ferocity shows
that if force is to be used it should be
that no one has learned the lessons of Viet-
applied quickly and massively. Mr. Bush's
nam better than the U.S. military. Virtu
Nov. 8 decision to double the deployment
ally without exception, America's Desert
was based on advice from both Gens.
Storm generals; and each of its 13 leading
Schwarzkopf and Powell about "what they
field commanders, fought in Vietnam.
needed to win," as one military source
Some were wounded in battle (army Gen.
puts it. Now they being given't the au-
Barry McCaffrey lost an arm); all were
thority to execute that plan to the hilt-no
educated by it. They have taken that expe-
"pauses" for misguided diplomacy, no po-
rience and molded it into a battle plan
litical meddling that would only raise casu
of overwhelming force, precisely deliv-
alties.
ered.
It's always possible, of course, that
This is a war necessary to remove Sad-
today's
generals
dam Hussein as a Middle East threat. But
have learned some
the tragedy is that 30 years ago war might
lessons too well.
not have been necessary to remove a Sad-
Some critics worry
dam. If an American president had put
about the generals
400,000 troops in the Middle East in the
Vietnam inspired
1950s, an aggressor would have backed
belief in the public's
down. Vietnam made the world doubt. Sad-
impatience;
this
dam has resisted for six months because
might induce them
he thinks he can outlast us, as others did in
to accept a quick but
Vietnam and Lebanon. He has misjudged
murderous ground
both George Bush and America's gen-
attack on Iraqi
erals.
troops in Kuwait.
Caspar Weinberger, the former defense
But as former Air
Force chief of staff
Michael Dugan says,
Colin Powell
Potomac Watch
remember the ex-
act moment the U.S. public turned against
By Paul Gigot
Vietnam: The week Life magazine pub-
lished the photographs of all of the previ-
ous week's casualties. Desert Storm's
secretary, recalls talking with his then-mil-
generals understand the political cost of
itary aide, Colin Powell, during the 1983
casualties
Marine deployment and bombing in Leba-
Civilian leadership is also needed to
non. "We had many conversations about
overcome the military's bureaucratic in-
it, and he agreed with me that the Marines
stincts. The Tomahawk cruise missiles
had no clear purpose there," says Cap.
that silently struck Iraqi targets were once
William Taylor, a retired colonel and
actually opposed by the Navy brass. Cruise
now a military analyst at the Center for
missiles also nearly died in the SALT
Strategic and International Studies, taught
"arms control process" of the 1970s.
Gen. Powell at the National War College in
But in actually fighting a war, the Bush
the 1970s. "Most of the students with him
administration has learned the lesson of
thought that they were sent to Vietnam to
Vietnam, too. As one source describes Sec-
do a job without clear goals and with politi-
retary Cheney's view, "his doctrine of war
cal restrictions,' says Mr. Taylor. "This
is, don't screw around." For 20 years, says
time, they' saying, Let's get it right.'
another administration official, two "les-
No one is in a better position to get it
sons" of Vietnam have competed for domi-
right than Gen. Powell, who served two
nance in the public mind. One-still promi-
army tours in Vietnam. A soothing person-
nent among Democrats- that U.S. mill
ality, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs has
tary intervention carries the seeds of its
made himself part of President Bush's
own failure.
small inner circle of advisers He's also
The competing lesson is that military
skillfully exploited an obscure 1986 defense
force can well serve U.S. purposes if politi-
reorganization, Goldwater-Nichols, to
cal leaders provide clear goals and don't
make himself perhaps the most politically
obstruct the mission. What a splendid
dominant general since George Marshall in
irony it will be if Colin Powell buries not
the 1940s.
only Saddam Hussein, but also once and
The joint staff that used to report to
for all the false lessons of Vietnam.
other generals now reports to him. The
military chain of command is also more
streamlined, reporting directly from Nor-
man Schwarzkopf in Saudi Arabia to him.
So Gen. Powell has the authority, If he
chooses to use it, to avoid the sort of inter-
service riyalry that proved SO damaging in
Grenada."
In Vietnam, then Secretary of Defense
Robert McNamara micromanaged "every
bomb drop," as one former general puts it.
Photocopy-Preservation
In designing this still-unfolding battle plan,
President Bush and Secretary of Defense
Dick Cheney left it up to the generals.
Once they had designed it, Mr. Cheney
spent a day and a half in Riyadh in De-
cember asking tough questions. But after
he (and Mr. Bush) approved the plan, im-
plementation was left to the generals.
6/21/90
Book World
The Classic Study of Stalin
THE GREAT TERROR
and another 2 million died or were killed in
A Reassessment
forced labor camps that, by the end of 1938,
The
By Robert Conquest
held between 6 million and 7 million prison-
a con.
Oxford University Press. 570 pp. $24.95
ers. What scattered shards of a civic con-
even C
By W. Bruce Lincoln
science that had remained among the Rus-
ens-
Between the fall of 1936 and late summer
sians after the bloodletting of the Civil War
yester
and the struggles for collectivization were
1938, an unprecedented reign of terror
pieces
eradicated and a veritable army of men and
deal V.
gripped the Soviet Union. From Moscow to
Vladivostok, and in all the citiès and hamlets
women of talent and initiative were swept
Congr:
between, Stalin's police took victims by the
away. Their loss deprived the Soviet Union of
drain &
millions, killed more than one in 10, and
its best writers, poets, musicians, professors,
tough i
swept the rest into that terrifying archipela-
engineers, military strategists and techni-
able tha
go of forced labor camps that stretched
cians, none of whom it could afford to lose.
running.
across the frozen wastes of Russia's Far
Official censuses did not include among the
language.
North.
Great Purge's casualties those who "died in
how 2 Li
When it was first published in 1968, Rob-
custody," although many of them perished as
and racis.
a result of repeated and vicious tortures.
It is absur
ert Conquest's "The Great Terror" was wide-
ly regarded as the best work about the
"Anything was permitted," the historian Roy
arresting
horrors of this terrible era in the Soviet
Medvedev wrote at the end of 1988 when he
off real pr-
Union's history, and the years that have
recalled those terrible times. "If it was neces-
His four
intervened have not diminished its impor-
-sary to cut you to pieces, they cut you to
months in
ince. Conquest now has updated his book,
pieces; if it was necessary to whip you, they
pulled no I
whipped you; if it was necessary to rape your
administrat
itegrated into its pages new material (some
of it recently published in the Soviet press),
daughter before your eyes, they raped your
House bud
and added a new conclusion about "The
daughter." To fill out this already horrendous
D.C. mans'
Terror Today." This new version of "The
picture of death and suffering, the KGB
mob/And th
Great Terror" does not change in any sub-
(according to an account published in Mos-
beggars will
stantial way the story of the Great Purge that
COW less than a year ago) reported that its
Owens's lat-
Conquest told 22 years ago, but it dots many
Stalinist predecessor, the NKVD, had carried
posed flag a
of the i's and crosses the t's of his earlier
out just under 20 million arrests and inflicted
in a bag/ W
account with much greater emphasis.
about 7 million purge-related deaths for the
Divert the 1
Hundreds of thousands of Communist Par-
somewhat longer period between the begin-
problems h;
ty faithful, including all but 29 of the 139
ning of 1935 and Hitler's attack against the
all-Americar
Central Committee members and candidate
Soviet Union in mid-1941.
dents play t
members elected at the 17th Party Congress
By the end of 1938, the Great Purge had
wow the p
in 1934, disappeared into graves or labor
obliterated every trace of opposition, dissent,
dollar S and
camps before the end of 1938. All who had
criticism or debate about Stalin's leadership
Out and At
served in Lenin's Politburo (except for Trots-
and had consumed some of its own leading
ky, who would be assassinated in 1940, and
architects, most notably two NKVD chiefs.
And spe:
Stalin) perished. So did most of the Old
At that point, Stalin, whose grip on the party
Florida Sen
Bolsheviks who had struggled so valiantly to
and the Soviet Union had seemed less than
sided with
bring their party to power in October 1917.
certain at the time of the 17th Party Con-
spite the fa
A list of the Great Purge's most prominent
gress, had become the undisputed dictator of
vulgar and
victims reads like an honor roll of Lenin's
the Soviet Union with greater power than
every right
confidants and Bolshevik Civil War heroes.
any Russian autocrat since the time of Ivan
Kamenev, Zinoviev and Bukharin are there.
the Terrible. So confident-and so arro-
So are Marshals Blyukher and Tukhachevsky
gant-about his absolute power had Stalin
and most of the Soviet Union's senior officer
become that he reportedly warned Lenin's
By G.
corps. Three of the Red Army's five mar-
widow, Krupskaya, that the party would nom-
shals, 13 of its 15 army commanders, eight of
inate another widow for Lenin if she contin-
TOMM
its nine senior admirals, 50 out of 57 corps
ued to complain about the imprisonment,
TRUM.
commanders, 154 out of 186 division com-
torture and execution of her old comrades.
MAN,
manders, all of its 16 army commissars, 25
After almost a quarter of a century, it is
OF TRL
out of 28 corps commissars, 58 out of 64
good to see Conquest's fine book again. It
divisional commissars, all 11 deputy commis-
reminds us not only of the brutality of Stalin-
sars of defense and 98 out of the 108 men
who sat on its Supreme Military Council-all
ism but also that, even a quarter century ago,
a great deal could be discovered about the
were caught up in the Great Purge's fury.
darkest recesses of the Soviet experience if a
The Great Purge's dimensions were far
historian was willing to apply the noble schol-
greater than even these shocking casualty
arly virtues of dedication, care and skepti-
lists indicate. Conquest estimates (in statis-
cism to the scattered and incomplete sources
tics many of which are now supported by data
of the pre-glasnost era.
recently published in the Soviet Union) at
least 7 million Soviet citizens were arrested
The reviewer is the author of eight books
during those two years. Of these innocent
about Russia, including "Red Victory: A
victims, more than 1 million were executed
History of the Russian Civil War."
In fact, even the aid Bush an-
nounced will not reach Poland right
away-the foreign aid bill approved
A8 TUESDAY, JULY 25, 1989
by the House last week includes
only $25 million for Poland. Most of
Bush Offers
posed $441 million in new spend-
Bush's proposed direct U.S. aid
ing, but at the same time recom-
would come in future years, al-
mended an education budget that in
though debt relief from the West
many areas did not keep pace with
Lofty Goals,
may come earlier.
inflation, forcing cuts in current
"We can't do everything," Bush
programs, and which would be sub-
lamented làter in the European trip.
Scant Funds
ject to additional reductions as part
Stuart E. Eizenstat, who was do-
of his "flexible freeze."
mestic policy adviser to former
Charles B. Saunders, senior vice
President Jimmy Carter, said, "It's
president of the American Council
sad to see the head of the greatest
BUSH, From A1
on Education, said the rhetoric of
nation on Earth go to Poland and
the Bush administration has "shifted
"It repeats a pattern that has
Hungary and offer a pittance when
180 degrees" from the Reagan
been going on for the last six
years, but the results have not been
the Japanese are putting up multi-
months, and is part of the Reagan
billion-dollar Third World debt pro-
markedly different. "The adminis-
legacy," he said. "You do a press re-
tration very proudly asked for $441
grams
It's a commentary less
lease, you do your PR on a new pro-
million more for education this
on the administration than on the
gram or a new endeavor, and you
year, but when we looked at the
state of this/country, that we are so
do the hype that day
and then
bottom line
there simply wasn't
strapped for resources, not because
you walk away from it. You don't
anything more," he said.
we don't have them, but because
follow through, you don't say how
Rather than face the budget
we refuse to pay for them." He
you're going to pay for it."
crunch, Panetta said the adminis-
added, "We become kibitzers, hav-
Bush's speech last week celebrat-
tration "is creating an image of a
ing lofty goals and let the other
ing the 20th anniversary of man's
rich bounty of funds through these
countries come in" and provide the
landing on the moon offered a major
daily press releases." He said Dem-
money.
new U.S. space commitment to "a
ocrats have used such tactics in the
Eizenstat said Bush has done "a
sustained program of manned ex-
past, and noted that the Great So-
quite brilliant job of putting a pos-
ploration of the solar system-and
ciety "collapsed" in part because it
itive thrust on a negative fiscal sit-
yes-the permanent settlement of
never met expectations that were
uation
stating goals which tend
space." He called for establishing a
raised for it. "The kinder-gentler
to be not only popular goals but
permanent lunar base and a manned
society faces some of the same dan-
Democratic Party goals, and there-
mission to Mars in the next century
gers," he said, if it offers the prom-
fore he can steal the thunder from
and completing the manned space
ise of "something that is never de-
Democrats. It makes him the archi-
station in the next decade.
livered."
tect and Democrats the mechanics
"Why the moon? Why Mars? Be-
"Pretty soon, people'are going to
cause it is humanity's destiny to
say, 'the king has no clothes,' said
Bush, for example, said last year
strive, to seek, to find," the pres-
Rep. George Miller (D-Calif.). "This
he wanted to be the "education
ident said.
guy only has a speech."
president," and has repeatedly ex-1
But when asked how the admin-
Staff researcher Bruce Brown
pressed a desire to improve educa-
istration proposed to underwrite
tion. However, Bush has refused to
contributed to this report.
the far-reaching new goals, given
put a large:amount of new federal
recent cuts in the space budget on
resources into education. He pro-
Capitol Hill, administration officials
could not say.
"I don't know what the budgets
will turn out to be," said Richard H.
Truly, administrator of the National
Aeronautics and Space Administra-
tion, adding that it would be "very
affordable, I believe, in the total
context and over a long period of
time."
Only two days before he deliv-
ered the speech, Bush, asked
whether he was planning a major
new space policy initiative, re-
Bush Proposes Lofty Goals,
sponded, "I want to be sure that
what I propose passes any test of
fiscal sanity, fiscal reasonableness."
But Not Financing for Them
After the president's announce-
ment, Truly said, "I have not
presented the president with a spe-
Budgeting for Space, East Europe Criticized
cific and detailed list of budgetary
By David Hoffman
enough society to do a lot more of
Washington Post Staff Writer
these kinds of things," said Rudolph
Penner, a former director of the
Space proposals
President Bush has given Amer-
Congressional Budget Office. "It's
could cost $400
icans soaring rhetoric and ambitious
simply that the American people
goals in his recent speeches, from
don't want to pay for them. What-
billion.
the opening of Eastern Europe to
ever the costs are of the Mars trip,
the sending of astronauts to Mars.
if you told every
But his budget for actually realizing
NEWS
American that their
ANALYSIS
these goals has been bargain-base-
taxes are going up so
requirements" for the moon-Mars
ment or nonexistent, according to
many dollars, they wouldn't want to
objectives.
fiscal analysts and members of Con-
pay for it."
A -seniorsadministration-official
gress.
Rep. Leon E. Panetta (D-Calif.),
defended the president's approach
They said there has been a wide
chairman of the House Budget
as an attempt to rally Americans
disparity between the popular goals
Committee, said Bush has scored
behind the broad goals first, hoping
the president has touted and the
political points by associating him-
money will flow later. "A grand vi-
paucity of resources available to
self with such popular programs as
sion may make the case for more
pay for them in an era of persistent-
space exploration while simply ig-
money," he said.
ly high budget deficits. Bush has in-
noring the expensive price tags. By
On his visit to Eastern Europe,
sisted at the same time that taxes
some administration estimates,
Bush was similarly long on inspira-
not be raised to finance expanded
achieving a Mars landing could cost
tional support for reform in Poland
government spending.
$400 billion.
and Hungary and short on cash.
"It's not that we're not a rich
See BUSH, A8, Col.1
In his speech at the Lenin Ship-
yard in Gdansk, Bush offered evoc-
ative phrases to recall the many dif-
ficulties of Poland during and since
World War II, and he used the
words "dream" and "dreams" 21
times in the address to describe
hopes for Poland's future. "America
stands with you," he declared.
Bush had promised in a speech
Photocopy-Preservation
last April to reward Poland's move-
ment toward democracy, but the
additional direct U.S. aid he an-
nounced for Poland, about $115
million, was greeted with disap-
pointment by Communist Party and
Solidarity labor movement leaders
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL THURSDAY, JUNE 8, 1989
A19
Up Freedom! Faxes to the Rebels, Gunfire Via Cellular Phone
Save the newspapers from the past
The reports spur hope and support. It is
Except, of course, for the gunfire. It's
thought Nixon had a slight edge in what lit-
week. Your grandchildren will want
the Voice of America at its best.
unforgettable. And eerie.
tle argument there had been," Russell
them.
So fax machines abet the students. Ra-
Then, the nightly news shows turn to
Baker, who was covering the debates for
Never has there been a week when free-
dio informs the Chinese. And television in-
the story from Poland, where there was an
the New York Times, writes in "Good
dom spoke so forcefully in SO many places.
forms-and appalls-the American public,
election, of all things, and where the Com-
Times," his new autobiography. (It's a
In China, of course. In Poland. In the So-
including the president of the United
munists were battered. What do we see?
wonderful book. Buy it.) "With no real
viet Union. The world changes. The news-
States. Snapshots from historic events get
Some somber members of Solidarity com-
blows struck, the event seemed a dud, and
papers chronicle it all.
engraved in our minds. For my father's
piling the results in a cafe-on mini-com-
my story's lead said the two had 'argued
So save them. But remember to tell
generation, it's the newspaper photo of the
puters. There they are, making history,
genteelly.
your grandchildren this: Those newspa-
flag-raising at Iwo Jima. For my genera-
overthrowing an ideology, winning a revo-
But Kennedy had won a great victory.
pers chronicle it all, but in these revolu-
tion, it's the newspaper photo of the young
lution of sorts-and certifying it by com-
"I missed it completely," Mr. Baker
tions-the violent and the peaceful-the
girl at State wailing over the body of
puter. While we watch from our dinner ta-
writes, "because I had been too busy tak-
written word of the newspaper is almost
a student killed by the National Guard. For
bles.
ing notes and writing to get more than
irrelevant. These revolutions are being
my daughter's, it surely will be the un-
Finally, the news shows turn to the So-
fleeting glimpses of what the country was
aided and abetted by the new technology.
armed, white-shirted young Chinese man
seeing on the screen. Most of the country
They simply would not have happened
who stood defiantly in front of a line of
without radio, without television, without
tanks-and stared the tanks down.
Newspapers chronicle
had been looking, not listening, and what
they saw was a frail and exhausted-looking
the computer and, incredibly, without the
That image, telecast over and over by
it all, but in these revolu-
Nixon perspiring nervously under pres-
American networks this week, cannot be
sure. It was a Nixon catastrophe.
Viewpoint
erased. "I believe the forces of democracy
tions the written word of
"That night, television replaced news-
are SO powerful, and when you see them,
as recently as this morning-a single stu-
the newspaper is almost ir-
papers as the most important communica-
By Michael Gartner
tions medium in American politics."
dent standing in front of a tank, and then, I
relevant. The revolutions
Television then went on to bring us the
might add, seeing the tank driver exercise
horrors of Vietnam and to cause us to de-
restraint-I'm convinced that the forces of
fax machine. The cellular telephone is
are being aided and abet-
mand that the war be ended. Later, it
democracy are going" to triumph, George
playing a role, too.
Bush- told his press conference Monday
ted by the new technology.
brought us the Watergate hearings and
The students in China are being fed
helped us understand our own peaceful
morning. The man who can shape a na-
facts and hope from campuses in the U.S.
change in government. And now, it brings
tion's reaction gets his hope and outrage
viet Union. There, the Congress of People's
us revolutions-live from Tiananmen
At Berkeley and Columbia and elsewhere,
from the television screen.
Deputies is debating right and wrong. A
brilliant young sympathizers-Chinese and
Square, live from a computer center in
And then, hourly, the networks break in
deputy lights into the KGB. President Mik-
American and Chinese-American-send
Warsaw, live from the Palace of Con-
with more news from the front, news tele-
hail Gorbachev offers to help the poor and
documents and articles and letters to their
gresses in Moscow.
phoned from China in the same matter-of-
brave counterparts in China. The fax ma-
cut defense spending. A professor gives up
Uprisings in which the uprisers are
fact way that you call your mother on
his seat to a rabble-rousing populist, and
chines are, in a way, the fuel of the revolu-
armed with fax machines and computers,
Mother's Day. Phoning from the front the
the populist immediately demands that the
tion: The faxed materials inform, encour-
in which the reporters are armed with cel-
news as it happens. Ernie Pyle wouldn't
president annually stand for a vote of con-
age, embolden the young revolutionaries.
lular telephones, in which a nation being
believe it.
fidence Otherwise, says Boris Yeltsin,
They have become the wall posters of this
torn asunder listens to the event over radio
One reporter, a man from CBS, is
"we may find ourselves captive of a new
generation. Never has there been anything
beamed in by satellite, in which policy
roughed up and taken away as his audi-
authoritarian regime."
like it.
makers set their policy after watching the
ence listens. He is reporting by cellular
Remember, this is the Soviet Union.
While the students here in America pro-
gunfire from their livingrooms.
phone, and we hear him hustled off midst
And, incredibly, it's all on live televi-
That's the world this week.
vide the fax, the Voice of America pro-
the background gunfire. The phone appar-
sion.
vides the facts. Calmly and thoroughly, it
Stay tuned.
ently falls to the ground, and the line stays
Nearly 30 years ago, in 1960, television
broadcasts the news of the revolution. Tens
open for a while. We still hear shooting and
changed the course of America. It hap-
of millions of Chinese apparently are tun-
then the disconnect signal. It's all done
pened on Sept. 26, the night Richard Nixon
Mr. Gartner is editor and co-owner of
ing in their radios to get reliable, fast re-
with the technological ease of a business-
debated John F. Kennedy. "It was surpris-
the Daily Tribune in Ames, Iowa, and pres-
ports on the revolt in Tiananmen Square.
man calling in from his car.
ingly dull, hardly a debate at all, and I
ident of NBC News in New York.
Photocopy-Preservation
The Editorial Notebook
7/6/89
Who Killed Russian Democracy?
A hundred forbidden topics can fi-
ful tack: "Since we made the mis-
nally be argued openly in the Soviet
An Honest Answer
take of promising the world that this
bloc. Russians for the first time can
talk shop would meet, we have to
read that Trotsky was murdered by
Would Test Glasnost
open it up today, but history has not
Stalin. Poles can assert that the
yet said a word about when we will
Soviets, not the Nazis, slaughtered Polish officers at
shut it down."
Katyn near Smolensk. The Baltic peoples can say aloud
Even as the new deputies arrived in Petrograd and
that their fate was sealed in a deal between Hitler and
began to convene at Tauride Palace, troops blocked their
Stalin.
way. This provoked a memorable outburst from Deputy
But a harder test for glasnost will be to tell the truth
S.A. Sorokin, who recalled that thousands had died to
about the stifling of Russian democracy.
bring about a Constituent Assembly:
In 1917, when Russia was churning with discontent, a
"Now when the great dream is about to come true, you
provisional government led by Alexander Kerensky was
dally with the idea of a Bolshevik paradise, you refuse to
battered from the right by supporters of the deposed Czar
do your duty If you cling to this mad delusion, you will
and from the left by Lenin's Bolsheviks. No slogan figured
reap its certain fruits: starvation, tyranny, civil war and
higher Bolshevik demands than "Long live the Constit-
horrors which you cannot even imagine."
uent Assembly!" So Trotsky shouted as he stormed out of
On Jan: 18, 1918, the soldiers allowed parliament to
a debate with Kerensky supporters.
open. In a chaotic session, Bolsheviks shouted "Judas!
For a century, the demand for an elected parliament
Traitor!" as deputies refused to vote them total power. In
had been the rallying cry of every faction from left to cen-
this hubbub, the Assembly somehow managed to proclaim
ter. "All the best people in Russia," wrote the radical
a republic and adopt other radical measures.
playwright Gorki, "had lived by the idea of a Constituent
All this was happening under bristling guns. Finally
Assembly." On returning from exile, Lenin denied that he
after 14 hours, a sailor named Zheleznyakov said, "The
opposed elections: "I would call these charges delirious
guard is tired," and democracy was dissolved. "The sim-
raving if decades of political struggle had not taught me to
ple, open, brutal breaking up of the Constituent Assem-
view honesty in an opponent as a rare exception."
bly," Trotsky recalled, almost with relish, "dealt formal
Amazingly, in this turmoil, an election took place. In
democracy ablow from which it never recovered.
November 42 million voted in Russia's only free elections.
Seventy years later, a new Soviet Parliament is groping
The Bolsheviks polled 24 percent, failing to carry even
to recover what was thrown away. But silence persists
Petrograd. The winner was the non-Marxist Social Revo-
about how the old Assembly was killed. Glasnost has its
lutionary Party, with 58 percent. Now Lenin took a scorn-
limits
KARL E: MEYER
Photocopy-Preservation
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL MONDAY, JUNE 18, 1990
A11
Russia Hasn't Yet Tamed the Golden Hordes
Outbreaks of violence in Central Asia
giving Russia its first Moslem subjects.
ness. The emperor Tamerlane, sitting in
dershower, were the beautiful turquoise
y
are being attributed by Soviet authorities
The Russians completed their conquest of
his wealthy capital of Samarkand, ruled a
domes of mosques that still decorate Ta-
to "inter-ethnic" conflicts, mainly between
the region in 1873.
14th-century empire that stretched from
merlane's capital. At that time their use
Uzbek and Kirghiz factions. But Moscow
But this part of the Russian empire, as
Baghdad to Delhi.
for worship was being discouraged by the
of the
has a far bigger problem than that. Cen-
with others, has been held together mainly
I had a firsthand glimpse of the Rus-
Russians. Indeed, the grand mosque at
ther-
tral Asia, populated mainly by the descen-
with force and cunning, not by mutual ad-
sian-Uzbek cultural division in 1967 when I
Bukhara, with columns made of wood from
itrage
dants of Genghis Khan, has never cottoned
vantage of the type that has made other
toured Tashkent, Samarkand and Buk-
the Holy Land, had been converted to a bil-
ly de-
to Russian rule. Now it is in a position to
empires thrive. Some of the more idealistic
hara-three ancient Uzbek cities-for an
liard parlor by Soviet authorities.
do something about it.
Bolsheviks of the Lenin era hoped to create
article in this newspaper about Soviet tour-
On a still-seamier note, I had been
is the
Shukrulla Rahmatovich Mirsaidov,
a genuine "union" of peoples of disparate
ism. The Soviets had just opened up Cen-
greeted in Tashkent when I deplaned at 2
pera-
prime minister of the most populous Cen-
cultures. But just as communism ulti-
tral Asia to tourists. I asked the Intourist
a.m. after a five-hour flight from Moscow
ex fu-
tral Asian republic, Uzbekistan, recently
mately failed as an economic Idea it also
bureau at the Tashkent Hotel for a ticket
by a tough-looking fellow who had joined
se for
failed as an instrument for, creating social-
to a concert that would give me a taste of
the young man from Intourist. His purpose
have
Global View
and cultural comity.
the local culture. What I got instead was a
was to see that I stopped in the airport
Central Asians helped the Bolsheviks
ticket to a viola concert by a Russian
lounge to have a drink with some of his
lative
overthrow- Czar Nicholas II. The Uzbeks
woman. It was almost a private perform-
friends, two men and two women. It soon
mmis-
By George Melloan
had visions of shucking off the czars and
ance because the vast hall was nearly
became obvious that these were my local
Fed-
setting up a European-style democracy, as
empty. Russian culture was not a big draw
KGB shadows, folks I kept glimpsing out of
of the
issued a "declaration of economic inde-
might befit a country nearly as large as
in Tashkent.
the corner of my eye throughout my inno-
ock-in-
pendence." He is demanding greater con-
Spain. But all those early dreams were
A few nights later, I made the same re-
cent pursuit of the tourism story.
re sim-
trol over the republic's resources. Uzbekis-
wiped out by Stalinist tyranny. Islam was
quest in Bukhara, an ancient city that still
Today's unrest is the legacy of eco-
tan already is conducting some foreign and
brutally suppressed. Secret-police methods
had at its center the large domed caravan-
nomic exploitation, KGB fun and games,
oblems
domestic trade independently of Moscow's
of political control were installed, and the
sary that once was an overnight haven for
and attempts to suppress Islam (which
ry? We
directives. The Soviet Parliament, desper-
Central Asians were no better off than they
the richly laden camel caravans traveling
have proved unsuccessful) It comes as no
y intro-
ately trying to stave off economic collapse,
had been under the czars.
the silk route between the Middle East and
surprise today that local politicians in
accom-
may have added impetus to such ad-hoc
During World War II, Stalin moved fac-
China. This time, the Intourist desk was
Tashkent and elsewhere in Central Asia
decentralization moves last week by push-
tories to Uzbekistan to get them out of the
manned by Uzbeks and a young Uzbek
have been emboldened by glasnost to begin
sight of
ing for devolution of central-government
reach of the Germans. The Russians also
guide conducted me to a concert very
to talk about Uzbek independence and
versight
property to regional and local authorities
have developed Uzbekistan's natural re-
much to her own liking, seating me in the
about keeping some of the wealth of their
ks and
to promote market economics.
sources-gas, oil, a variety of metal ores,
front row with a jolly group that seemed to
country for the direct benefit of the people
ild en-
A housing shortage was the flash point
uranium and the gold of the Kyzyl Kum
be members of her extended family. This
there. As with the Baltic peoples, they
rgins
of Central Asian unrest. Rapid growth of
desert. But the region still is heavily agri-
time the performer was an Uzbek man
complain about having their young men
low
the population has been aggravated by an
cultural. One of the many Uzbek griev-
plucking a stringed instrument and keen-
drafted to serve in the Soviet army. Those
, of
influx of refugees from other trouble spots,
ances is over their share of the fruits of
ing the haunting, unrhythmic music of the
soldiers proved highly unreliable when
me
such as Armenia and Azerbaljan. There
their natural wealth. Pipelines carrying
Turkic world.
they were sent into Afghanistan early in
ver
are well-founded suspicions that the KGB
Uzbek gas to Russia pass through regions
"He is a classic," my guide whispered,
the war there, SO much SO that they were
stirred up some of the ethnic quarrels over
that have no access to fuel, they com-
and a packed house seemed to agree, ap-
quickly withdrawn. The Afghan rebels
housing to provide an excuse for the mili-
plain.
plauding each song wildly. The guide's kin-
looked more like brothers than did the
tary crackdown unleashed on the region by
One of the biggest failures, however,
folk, pleased at having a visitor from a dis-
Russians.
Moscow early this month.
has been the self-conscious Russian at-
tant planet, treated me to a glass of
None of this says much about the future
The most serious "inter-ethnic" conflict
tempt at cultural imperialism. No one
Pepsi.
of Central Asia, particularly now that So-
is between the Central Asian peoples as a
would doubt the richness of Russian cul-
In Samarkand, another guide showed
viet troops are on the scene. But it is use-
group and the Russians. It has existed for
ture, but Central Asia has its own cultural
me the observatory where Ulugh Beg, the
ful to remember that it does have a cul-
centuries. Ivan the Terrible, reacting
history. Indeed, it was a thriving outpost of
great Uzbek astronomer, in the 15th cen-
ture, and a polity, of its own. And after all
against many years of devastating assaults
Persian civilization at the time of Alexan-
tury had made precise calculations of the
these years, the Russians are discovering
on Russia by the Mongols and Tartars,
der the Great's conquests in the fourth cen-
distance to the sun. Nearby, gleaming in
that their brand of imperialism has not
conquered the Khanate of Kazan in 1552,
tury B.C., when Russia was a vast wilder-
the spectacular light that followed a thun-
been a big success.
Photocopy-Preservation
R2
MONDAY, JULY 2, 1990 A19
THE WASHINGTON POST
Poles Move to Mend Solidarity Split
Mazowiecki, Walesa May Address Issues at Meeting This Week
Associated Press
parliament building, Mazowiecki
Citizens Committees be opened to
said be was always willing to talk
members of other political groups.
WARSAW, July 1-Polish Pre-
with Walesa even though he had
The question of the committees'
mier Tadeusz Mazowiecki offered
been attacked by him. He said he
role is important because they con-
today to meet with Solidarity union
would call Walesa on condition that
stitute the country's strongest po-
leader Lech Walesa in an effort to
the conversation would be con-
litical force. In parliamentary elec-
ease the bitter political struggle
ducted as a "full partnership" and
tions last year and local elections
that has divided the Solidarity
not as Mazowiecki "paying a serf's
last month, virtually all candidates
movement into opposing camps.
homage."
endorsed by the Citizens Commit-
An aide to Walesa said the union
"I think that certain issues should
tees won.
chairman was aware of the offer
be toned down," Mazowiecki said. "I
Walesa argues that the local com-
and that arrangements for a meet-
am proposing to Mr. Walesa to talk
mittees should admit supporters of
ing this week would probably be
this coming week." Mazowiecki said
other budding political parties and
announced soon.
they should talk "not to remove all
become forums for discussing pub-
The move by Mazowiecki, a for-
differences, between us, because
lic. issues. He also says they should
mer Solidarity editor handpicked by
that would not be true, but to talk
be free to criticize the government.
Walesa to head the Solidarity-led
so that disputes and battles proceed
Supporters of Mazowiecki accuse
government, came at a meeting
in a way that does not destroy the
Walesa of demagoguery and of
here of local Solidarity Citizens
common good of Poland and Soli-
seeking personal control of the
Committees, the grass-roots polit-
darity's legacy."
committees. They want the com-
ical wing of the labor movement.
Walesa and Mazowiecki factions
mittees to band together to create a
Walesa has accused his former ally
competed aggressively for the al-
national federation to defend Ma-
of moving too slowly on political and
legiance of the Solidarity rank and
zowiecki's nine-month-old govern-
economic reforms, while backers of
file during the weekend meeting,
ment, which is carrying out sweep-
Mazowiecki have accused Walesa of
and the fight seemed to end in a
ing, often painful economic reforms.
dictatorial tendencies and have
draw. Delegates were not enthu-
At a meeting of ranking Solidarity
called for transformation of the di-
siastic over the call from the Ma-
members last week, 63 of Walesa's
vided Citizens Committees into a
zowiecki faction to create a national
most senior allies broke ranks with
new political organization that
federation that would act as a base
him on the issue, accusing him of
would marshal popular support for
of support for the government, but
trying to make the Citizens Commit-
the government.
in a straw poll today they also re-
tees into a tool of his widely expect-
Addressing the gathering in the
jected Walesa's proposal that the
ed campaign for president.
Photocopy-Preservation
Another feature, Article 7, could
bring a prison term of up to 10 years
for "public calls for the overthrow of
into fac-
the Soviet state and social system or
tenet of
for its change
involving the use of
lemocrat-
material assets or technical means
e must be
from
organizations' abroad.
FRIDAY, MAY 26, 1989 A23
a faction
An article in Pravda April 14
on means
helped clarify one possible Soviet in
le seed of
terpretation of Article 7 Pravda
Don Ritter
called for the direct prohibition of
hina, But
activities by extremist formations
of the stu-
such as the Democratic Union,
Cloud
access, we
which are liable to do restructuring
large truth
immense harm. Pravda further stat-
quare: in a
ed that "the real aim of the Demo-
sciousness
Over
cratic Union
is to remove the
inherently
Communist Party from the political
:al
abhors a
arena and totally change the social
cks. Revo-
by
system. Prayda also makes the pa-
he original
Glasnost
tently fabricated charge that "there
is
itical trick
was a connection both direct and
int
0 tolerate
indirect, between Western special
is-
services' activities and the work
A dark cloud has appeared on the
not forev-
of the Democratic Union."
horizon of glasnost, although Soviet
Songs." As
officialdom characterizes it as blue
indates are
Will the Soviets use the decree to
ne
arrest those who belong to these
iat
sky. On April 11, the front page of
unofficial (so-called extremist) orga-
ng
Pravda printed the text of a decree
Inizations and who, because of glas-
is
signed by Mikhail Gorbachev. In this
nost and perestroika, are trying to
he
law, the criminal code of the U.S.S.R.
change the Soviet system so it is
e-
dealing with I "state crimes" was
more equitable and democratic? Will
rst
amended. Unfortunately, in propagan-
freedom-seeking national activists in
da style, the new law is being present-
the Soviet Union who have spoken to
ign
ed in the Soviet press as being a
Western journalists during glasnost,
ch.
beneficial legal reform, designed to
worked with Western human rights
ear
prevent nationalist and ethnic "anar-
organizations or sought the support of
vas
chy" and to "defend democracy." But
kindred Western organizations be si-
rs'
it is clearly designed to intimidate
lenced with the threat of up to 10
his
would-be critics, dissidents or nation-
the
years in a prison camp?
alists into accepting glasnost on the
Why has the West not recognized
state's terms-or else.
to
the potential implications of this de-
Although Soviet authorities point
re-
cree for glasnost? Bohdan Horyn, a
out that the new law is less harsh in
ids
leading member of the Ukrainian Hel-
söme of its penalties than its prede-
es.
sinki Union, had this comment to
cessor, key portions are new and
ate
make: "The publication of this decree
not
clearly reactionary, Stalinist and an-
on April 11, 1989 signifies a total
side
tiglasnost; they give the state a vir-
reversal to antidemocratic methods in
ablic
tual free hand to enforce a selective
our political and social life
The
they
glasnost, which can be used, if author-
<
West closed its eyes to this unlawful
ities so choose, to stifle and si-
1
highhandedness
lence-with force-freedom of
3
our
If this is the legal foundation of
must
thought, speech and press.
),
perestroika and glasnost if we are
nging
Article 11 (1) Insulting or Defam-
is
dealing with inherently unstable
of the
ing State Organs and Public Organiza-
structures built on foundations of
tions-a veritable sword of Damo-
e.
cles-states:
d
sand-the West must speak out on all
"The public insulting or defamation
it
levels. In economic matters, the Sovi-
et Union should not be granted most
Reid
of the U.S.S.R. supreme organs of
e
11
favored nation tariff status or access
state power and government or
0
to Western credit and technology un-
officials appointed, elected, or ap-
til it extends to its own people the
proved in offices by the U.S.S.R. Con-
y
legal, underpinning of the freedoms
gress of People's Deputies or the
ut
they deserve. All our major agree-
U.S.S.R. Supreme Soviet, or public
wn
ments with the Soviets political,
organizations is punishable by
ve
military and economic-are ultimate-
deprivation of freedom for a period of
60
ly successful if they are based on legal
up to 3 years.
D
assurances that glasnost and peres-
On April 13 the newspaper Soviet
is-
troika are not reversible. A clear
Culture published a letter asking:
on
message should be sent by Congress
"What does 'defamation' mean? On
er
and the administration to the Soviet
what basis will the courts determine
ny
Union: this new, Presidium decree
where criticism of ministries, depart-
poses a threat, to U.S. .-Soviet rela-
ments, their leaders, and social orga-
ce
tions
nizations ends and where defaming
his
them begins?". Aleksandr Sakharov,
let
The writer, a representative from
doctor of juridical sciences, said in an
ad
Pennsylvania; is the ranking House
interview in Literary Gazette April
nk
Republican member of the
12: "In my opinion this new legal
us
Commission on Security and
BY MORIN
norm requires immediate clarification
Cooperation in Europe (the Helsinki
so that the authors of critical articles
an
Commission and cochaired the
will not be included with extremists
ot
legal issues section during the
and anti Soviets and be punished.
e
commission's trip to the Soviet
"
Union last November.
Photocopy-Preservation
The Washington Times
NATION
Bush's Pentagon
DEFENSE PRAGMATISTS
Pentagon hard-liners in the Reagan administration have been
succeeded by officials more in sync with President Bush's pragmatic style.
defers to Baker's
The old guard
view of the world
By Rowan Scarborough
tank, staying very close to your own
THE WASHINGTON TIMES
office, and report everything
through Wolfowitz," says a source fa-
When conservatives criticized
miliar with the policy office.
arms control concessions made in
Mr. Wolfowitz' career includes
Moscow by Secretary of State James
stints as a college professor and dip-
A. Baker III, they were without one
lomat, with his last State Depart-
ally familiar in the Reagan era the
ment tour as ambassador to Indone-
Pentagon.
sia. Described as a man who is
Under Secretary of Defense
Assistant Secretary for
Assistant Secretary for
The Pentagon was mostly silent,
for Policy Fred lkle
International Security
reluctant to rock the boat, Mr. Wolf-
International Security
Policy Richard Perfe
Affairs Richard Armitage
except for a few public statements of
owitz keeps close tabs on his staff
support a lukewarm endorsement
and discourages conversations with
that illustrated one of the most fun-
The new guard
congressmen and reporters.
damental changes in government
His restrained style contrasts
brought by the succession of Pres-
sharply to that of his predecessor,
ident Bush.
Fred Ikle, a leader in the conserva-
The Pentagon's 750-person policy
tive movement that brought Mr. Rea-
shop, once dominated by conserva-
gan to power.
tives free to express views that often
Mr. Ikle, described as "aloof" by
enraged the bureaucracy, today em-
those who worked under him, is
bodies the "pragmatic" style of the
credited with recruiting skeptics of
Bush administration. Activism has
the pre-Gorbachev Soviet Union and
given way to the more ruminative
freeing them to spread their mes-
and theoretical approach of academ-
sage throughout the Reagan admin-
ics and diplomats.
istration.
In the Reagan years, the policy
Mr. Ikle declined in an interview
branch was a freewheeling enter-
to compare his management style
prise. It dominated the arms control
Paul Wolfowitz
with that of Mr. Wolfowitz. But he
Stephen Hadley
Henry Rowen
debate, worked to get military aid to
readily discussed the days when his
anti-communists in Central Amer-
The Washington Times
office was a force in government.
ica and Afghanistan, and set up
"My management policy was
roadblocks for American technol-
Mr. Perle, who fought well-
and Hadley - would have been out
light management, to let people do
publicized battles with a State De-
ogy going overseas, often to adver-
of sync in the anti-Soviet Reagan
their thing, do what they were re-
saries of the United States.
partment he believed too eager to
years.
sponsible for and give them a lot of
The roster included Richard
sign an arms pact with the Soviets,
leeway," says Mr. Ikle, now a scholar
But defense officials insist they
Perle, the "prince of darkness" who
left the Pentagon in 1987. His post is
at the Center for Strategic and Inter-
are better suited for an era of crum-
influenced Mr. Reagan more than
now held by Stephen Hadley, the as-
national Studies. "I would step in
bling communism and a declining
anyone on arms control, and Richard
sistant secretary for international
more where there was a gap. I did
defense budget.
Armitage, a one-time Navy com-
security policy. A former Defense
not micromanage at all.
mando who worked the deals that
Department official, Mr. Hadley
The new players also must set pri-
"I think we gave weight to the Pen-
orities in conjunction with a State
got U.S. weapons to clients abroad.
spent the past 12 years practicing
tagon in the overall national secruity
Department run by Mr. Baker, the
Now, Defense Department policy-
corporate and civil law with the
policy, which includes foreign and
administration's most dominant
makers, headed by Undersecretary
prestigious Washington firm of Shea
military relations."
& Gardner.
Cabinet member and the president's
Paul Wolfowitz, follow the lead of the
Mr. Ikle's top aides are gone too.
most trusted adviser. Mr. Ikle and
State Department on arms control
Mr. Armitage, now the U.S. nego-
"Hadley sees himself as a lawyer
his troops had no such hurdle.
and other national security issues,
tiator for a new agreement on mili-
in service of a client," said one of-
"They have to work under difficult
say analysts inside and outside of
tary bases in the Philippines, was
ficial. "Perle saw himself as the
and different circumstances and
government.
replaced as assistant secretary for
standard-bearer of a movement.
international security affairs by
They're fundamentally different."
with a shrinking defense budget."
"Here, under Wolfowitz, it's much
Mr. Ikle said. "Many things were eas-
more like running a think tank, actu-
Henry Rowen, a former Stanford
Perhaps these new defense play-
ier with an expanding defense bud-
ally a very rigidly contolled think
University professor.
ers - Messrs. Wolfowitz, Rowen,
get."
Photocopy-Preservation
Page 14 ROLL CALL Monday, June 11, 1990
Race, Partisanship Play Key Roles in How
South's 10 New Districts Will Be Mapped
By Hastings Wyman Jr.
Although the 1990 Census has not been
completed, the remapping of Congres-
The 12 Southern States
sional districts for the next decade is al-
ready taking shape.
The state legislatures begin redistricting
next year, and it is already clear that two
major factors will be influencing Congres-
sional mapping in the South: political par-
tisanship and race.
stake in the South are an estimated ten
new seats in Congress: four in Florida,
three in Texas, and one each in Georgia,
North Carolina, and Virginia. No Southern
state will lose a scal.
Partisanship is intensified today because,
with an incumbency re-election rate ex-
ceeding 98 percent, both parties view new
or drastically altered districts as rare oppor-
tunities to increase their share in the House.
In the 12-state South today, there are 123
Congressional districts - 77 held by
Democrats, 46 by Republicans.
How the Districts
Working in the Democrats' favor is their
Stand Until 1992
fur superior strength in the Southern state
legislatures: They control both Houses of
every Southern state legislature, and hold
73 percent of the scats.
Ten years ago, when Democrats had 85
percent of Southern legislators, the South
large enough - one-third or more - to
possible, of districts with a black majority.
There are currently four black Congress-
gained eight scats through reapportion-
sustain its governor's veto. This gives
"The Justice Department basically told
men from the South, all Democrats: Mike
ment, and the Democrats had (not coinci-
Republicans the power to influence, if not
us, 'Whenever you can draw a black dis-
Espy (Miss), Harold Ford (Tenn), John
dentally) a net gain of eight seats in the
control, the redistricting process.
trict, you must, " says a Louisiana legisla-
Lewis (Ga), and Craig Washington
1982 election.
The racial issue will arise because, under
tor. Usually, the Justice Department de-
(Texas).
Working for the GOP will be governor-
the Voting Rights Act, the Justice Depart-
fines a "majority black" district as one
Redistricting could more than double
ships in four or more Southern states, de-
ment mustapprove any Southern redistrict-
having 55 to 60 percent or more black
that number. For this reason, civil rights
pending on the outcome of elections this
ing plan before it can take effect.
voting-age population, in order to account
groups generally favor majority black dis-
fall. And in several Southern states, the
And recent court decisions have inter-
for a voter turnout somewhat lower among
tricts,as do most - but not all - black
Republican minority in the legislature is
preted the act to require creation, where
blacks than whites.
Continued on page 16
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Photocopy-Preservation
Page 16 ROLL CALL Monday, June 11, 1990
A State-by-State Analysis of Redistricting
Prospects in the South After 1990 Census
Continued from page 14
powerful position when the legislature
centers on the Daytona Beach/Gainesville
legislators, who comprise about 10 percent.
in several currently marginal districts -
draws new lines next year. Republican
area, further south near Fort Pierce or
of Southern legislatures.
Gov. Bob Martinez looks increasingly like
the 7th (Rep. Buddy Darden), the 4th (Rep.
Broward and Palm Beach, and on the west
Because creating majority black dis-
Ben Jones), and the 9th (Rep. Ed Jenkins).
a one-termer, especially since ex-Sen.
coast near Sarasota.
tricts usually makes surrounding districts
The new district would comprise eastern
Lawton Chiles (D) entered the gubernato-
whiter and more likely to vote Republican,
Cobb County - now in Darden's district
rial race.
GOP legislators also are likely to favor
Georgia
- and most of Gwinnett County.
With a Democratic governor, Democrats
creation of more black districts.
Whether a new majority black district
would'call most of the shots, even if Repub-
With the Peach State likely to gain an
Lewis's 5th district in Atlanta, for ex-
can be created is questionable. The 30
licans should manage LQ win control of the
additional seat, observers foresee creation
ample, which is 60 percent black, resulted
counties in south Georgia where the state
state Senate. (They need five seats.)
of a "95 percent Republican" district in the
in part because of the efforts of then-state
"black belt" iscentered have all been losing
While no black district is likely in Flor-
Atlanta suburbs and a possible majority
population.
Sen. Julian Bond (D) and the Republican
ida, there is a possibility of a second His-
black district in south Georgia.
minority in the Georgia Senate during the
panic district in the Miami area; which
The 5th district (Atlanta), represented by
The heavily Republican district appeals
post-1980 redistricting.
Lewis, is expected to retain its black major-
could be a boon to Republicans.
to Democrats (81 percent of the legislature)
ity.
Indeed, redistricting federal and state.
Speculation about the other new seats
because it would strengthen the Democrats
Continued on page 17
legislative districts is one of the few areas
where black and Republican politicians
work together unholy alliance," one
civil rights activist calls it.
White Democrats in the South are in a
bind. Black voters provide the winning
margin for many Southern Democratic
officeholders, so most Democrats are un-
comfortable opposing black political
interests.
EveryNight,WeG
But Southern Democratic legislators
aren't interested in making their own re-
elections more difficult.
Here's a state-by-state roundup of the
Congressional prospects in the Southern
states.
WeHelped Othe
Alabama
Although Democrats have 79 percent of
the legislature, Gov. Guy Hunt is a Repub-
Like the families
lican and a good bet for re-election, giving
the GOP some leverage in redistricting
decisions.
living at 105 Quincy Street
This is also a state where a majority
in Brooklyn.
black district could be created, most likely
in the "black belt" that cuts across the state
below Birmingham.
They're among the
This area - much of it in the 7th district
more than 80,000 families
(Tuscaloosa) represented by Rep. Claude
Harris (D) elected blacks to Congress as
all across the country
late as the 1890s.
A black district here could help the GOP
who are benefiting from
hold on to the 2nd district (Montgomery),
held by Rep. Bill Dickinson (R) and im-
Fannie Mae's low- and
prove Republican prospects in several
Democratic districts,
moderate-income housing
Arkansas
initiatives.
Democrats control the legislature (89
Families for whom
percent) and are likely to re-elect Gov. Bill
Clinton (D)., Population patterns make
creation of a majority black district impos-
decent housing at a price
sible; the state has four Congressional dis-
tricts and is only 14 percent black.
they could afford seemed
There is a possibility, however, of con-
centrating black voters in one district along
to be beyond their grasp.
the Mississippi Delta in eastern Arkansas.
This would increase black influence by
Helping people
pushing the minority percent to the high
who need it most. That's
20s.
Whether the Voting Rights Act requires
one reason that Fannie
maximizing black influence, short of a
majority, is unclear.
Mae remains as effective
Black voters are currently divided be-
tween the 1st district (Jonesboro), held by
Rep. Bill Alexander (D), and the 4th (Pine
an idea today as it was
Bluff), held by Rep. Beryl Anthony (D).
Making Alexander's district more black
over 20 years ago when
and Anthony's more white could improve
we were rechartered
Republican prospects in Anthony's.
by Congress as a private
Florida
The Sunshine State is expected to gain
company.
four seats, second only to California's six
or seven. The GOP now has ten of Florida's
We've committed
19 Representatives.
Although population and registration
more than $4 billion to
trends favor the GOP, they may not be in a
special initiatives to help
Photocopy-Preservation
Monday, June 11, 1990 ROLL CALL Page 17
Continued from page 16
The district has been losing population,
Observers believe the 2nd has lost some
Interstate 85 between Charlotte and
Kentucky
and some black politicos fear that it will
black population and that to keep it 55 to 60
Greensboro, simultaneously making Rep.
If Kentucky keeps seven seats, the 3rd
lose its black majority next year. Boggs, 74,
percent black, black areas will have to be
Bill Hefner's (D) 8th district (Salisbury)
district (Louisville) will need population
may retire in 1992 - or may not. Insiders
moved into the district.
safely Democratic. A majority black dis-
"and will want the least Republican areas"
say it is possible to add additional black
The most likely source is from the neigh-
trict might be created in eastem North
from the 4th district (the suburbs), says a
areas to the 2nd from nearby districts repre-
boring 4th district (Jackson), currently held
Carolina.
Hill staffer from the Bluegrass State,
sented by Reps. Bob Livingston (R) and
by freshman Rep. Mike Parker (D). The 4th
Billy Tauzin (D).
Ken Spaulding, a black attorney who got
The 3rd district is held by Rep. Romano
has been represented by Republicans in the
Mazzoli (D), who faces significant opposi-
Race could also play a part in the 8th
48 percent in the 2nd district (Durham)
past, and the GOP is getting ready to make
Democratic primary in 1984, notes the
tion this November after winning his pri-
district (Alexandria), represented by Rep.
a major post-redistricting push here again.
Clyde Holloway (R). The 8th has a Demo-
legislature has already shown its respon-
mary with just 45 percent of the vote.
However, the GOP has only 14 percento of
siveness to black opinion by eliminating
If Kentucky should lose a seat, the
cratic history, but the district elected-and
the legislature and incumbent Gov. Ray
re-elected Holloway when he landed in
the runoff in primaries if the leading candi-
Democratic legislature would probably put.
Mabus (D) doesn't come up for re-election
date gets at least 40 percent.
two Republican incumbents in the same
a runoff with a black Democrat. The legis-
until 1991, so Republicans' hopes may be
district.
lature "could make (the 8th district] a little
Rep. Walter Jones (D), 76, may retire
premature.
from the one-third black 1st district
blacker, but not majority, black," says a
legislator.
(Greensville) before the 1992 election, and
Louisiana
North Carolina
that could case the way for a majority black
district.
The state already has a majority black
Mississippi
The Tarheel State may gain an additional
district, and both partisan and racial consid-
The Republican governor has no veto
district the 2nd (New Orleans)-which
Like Louisiana, this state already has a
erations are likely to play a part.
power, but the GOP is hoping the coalition
is represented by Rep. Lindy Boggs (D),
majority black district, the 2nd (the Delta),
One plan would put the new district in a
of Republicans and conservative Demo-
who is white.
currently represented by Rep. Mike Espy.
mostly Republican high-growth area along
crats will keep control of the lower House
in the 1990 elections.
South Carolina
Blacks here are supporting the creation
oHome Knowing
of anew 60-percent black district. The odd-
shaped district would take areas from four
of the state's six districts.
If the new district is created, it will likely
result in two Democratic incumbents end-
ing up in the same district - either Reps.
Robin Tallon and John Spratt, or Tallon: and
Do The Same.
Rep. Liz Patterson.
The incumbents favor minor adjust-
ments in current districts, but Justice De-
partment policy, combined with partisan
politics, will favor the new black district.
Gov. Carroll Campbell (R) is highly
partisan, favored for re-election, and may
or may othave to continue to struggle with
provide decent housing for
a veto-proof lower House.
the homeless, the elderly
Tennessee
and low-income families.
The Volunteer State should stay at nine
districts. The population growth has been
And that's in addition to the
in the Nashville and Memphis suburbs. The
9th district (Memphis), held by Rep. Ha-
home financing that
rold Ford, has lost population, but not
enough to threaten its black majority.
we provide day-in and day-
The Democrats in control can leave well
enough alone or make trouble in the 7th
out to families of modest
district (Memphis suburbs) for Rep. Don
Sundquist, the only Republican west of
105.
means.
Knoxville.
If the 1990s are any-
Texas
thing like the 1980s,
The Lone Star State should gain three
seats. Redistricting will focus initially on
affordable housing will
the cities - to satisfy the Voting Rights
Act. A new black district might be created
continue to be in demand.
in Dallas and another Hispanic district in
San Antonio.
And justas Congress
In Houston, there's a conflict between
creating a new Hispanic district and keep-
intended, Fannie Mae
ing newly elected Rep. Craig Washington
safe. Rep. Joe Barton's (R) 6th district
will be there with new and
(College Station), stretching from the out-
skirts of Fort Worth to Houston, is likely to
creative approaches
get split up, leaving a turf battle among
Barton and Reps. John Bryant (D) in the 5th
that provide much of the
(Dallas) and Martin Frost (D) in the 24th
(south Dallas).
needed capital.
Virginia
That's why, every
With a Democratic governor and legisla-
night we go home with the
ture, this state won't be giving anything to
the GOP. But there is a battle brewing: Will
satisfaction of having
the extra scat go to a majority black district
in the Tidewater area or to the fast-growing
helped others do the same.
northern Virginia suburbs?
Gov. Douglas Wilder (D), the nation's
Like the people of
only black governor and a loyal Democrat
- possibly with national aspirations -
105 Quincy Street.
hasn't taken a firm stand, though he's said
to be against "a district with a specific
demographic content."
FannieMae
Hastings Wyman Jr. is editor and publisher of
The USA's Housing Partner
Southern Political Report.
Notable & Quotable
From an article in the Aug. 17 issue
Americans are capable of giving the
of Eesti Estonja, a weekly newspaper
world's most moving speeches, it will not
published in Talinn:
take long until they begin making state-
ments such as, "We must live in the real
Dear Saddam!
world, and Kuwait is part of Iraq." There-
I fear that perhaps the scandal
fore don't take their moving speeches too.
brought about by the Kuwaiti incident is
seriously. Keep in mind that for Americans
causing you to lose sleep. Allow me as an
speaking about freedom is like praying in
Estonian (that is to say, as a representa-
church. You don't necessarily have to be-
tive of a country that has been occupied
lieve in your words, but they'll make you
for the past 50 years) to dispel your fears.
feel better.
*
On the basis of the Estonian experience,
I can predict what is in store for you from
the international community. There will be
strong denunciations from London, Paris
and Washington. Freedom-loving leaders
from around the world will speak elo-
quently of Kuwait's rights to self-determi-
nation and pledge with one voice to never,
ever recognize the illegal annexation of
Kuwait.
You can be certain that the USA, whom
you regard suspiciously, will publicly show
strong indignation. For decades, American
presidents will scold Iraq once a year for
occupying Kuwait. That day will be de-
clared "Kuwaiti Independence Day" by
Congress. A representative from the White
House will meet publicly with freedom-
fighting Kuwaiti activists and Kuwaiti
women in folk costume.
Of one thing you can be certain-just as
11/6/90
Photocopy-Preservation
USIA chief® makes waves,
enemies with brash acts
By George Archibald
THE WASHINGTON TIMES
The personal behavior of U.S. Information
Agency Director Bruce Gelb, already facing
a revolt by Voice of America employees, has
even affected U.S. interests in the Persian
Gulf, China and other world trouble spots,
according to senior government officials.
Mr. Gelb's one-man diplomacy and unpre-
dictability have caused him to be shut out of
yesterday. But he acknowledged being un-
key administration matters and made him a
aware of the Panama invasion until the follow-
source of derision among top government
ing morning It was closely held," he said.
A senior White House official said Mr. Gelb
peers, the officials said.
Among actions said to have caused his
has "no credibility' among many top pres-
credibility problems are a delayed deal to
idential advisers and that "noses wriggle"
whenever his name is mentioned.
broadcast U.S. messages into Kuwait and Iraq
over VOA; a move to stop VOA's Chinese
In interviews with more than a dozen top
airings of interviews with dissident Fang
government officials, incidents cited to ex-
Lizhi; and aborted efforts to arrange a meet-
plain disdain for the USIA director included
these;
ing for chicken entrepreneur Frank Perdue
with Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev.
Last fall Mr. Gelb unexpectedly agreed on
his own with Bahrain information minister
Mr. Gelb even stood up President Bush at a
recent human rights proclamation signing
Tariq Almoayed to give the Persian Gulf gov-
and had lunch instead with Vice President
ernment $1 million worth of U.S. radio equip-
Quayle and six others, officials said. Mr.
ment in exchange for having a VOA relay
Gelb's absence, publicly noted by Mr. Bush,
station in Bahrain to beam the U.S. message
into Kuwait and Iraq.
The USIA director did not consult national
security officials, the State Department, the
A senior White House
U.S. ambassador in Bahrain or even his
agency's own technical experts before mak-
official said Mr. Gelb has
ing the agreement. And because Mr. Gelb ac-
"no credibility" among
cepted Mr. Almoayed's word that VOA could
use a radio frequency actually owned by Ku-
presidential advisers and
wait - now controlled by Iraq the VOA
transmitter has been "sitting in the desert"
"noses wriggle" whenever
for several months unused during the current
Persian Gulf crisis.
his name is mentioned.
"We hope within the next five days to be up
and ready to broadcast medium-wave radio
[into Kuwait and Iraq] on VOA with a shared
antenna, where we will share 50 percent of the
angered the protocol staff, "who don't like to
time with the Bahrainis," Mr. Gelb said yester-
see the president confused," officials said.
day. He said the agreement. "could not have
Mr. Gelb, in an interview yesterday, said
happened" except for his friendship with Mr.
Mr. Bush told him over Christmas "there was
Almoayed.
no problem" with his absence at the human
Last July Mr. Gelb quietly attempted to
rights ceremony. He had two simultaneous
block news over VOA of Chinese dissident
events on his calendar, he said.
Fang Lizhi's release by Chinese authorities,
He said he has "good relations" with most
and his criticisms on American news pro-
top administration officials and labeled as
grams of a U.S. "double standard" on human
"gossip" the stories being spread about him.
rights that favored the Beijing regime over
Mr. Gelb said he would meet today with
the Kremlin.
VOA employees about his reported efforts to
USIA and VOA officials said Mr. Gelb di-
take over the broadcast agency's key func-
rected that VOA not carry a July 23, 1990,
tions.
interview with Mr. Fang on NBC's "Meet the
For at least a year, Mr. Gelb has been side-
Press." However, after a reportedly heated ar-
stepped on some crucial foreign policy de-
gument, VOA Director Richard Carlson de-
cisions and was kept completely unaware of
fied Mr. Gelb and aired the "Meet the Press"
events leading up to the U.S. invasion of Pan-
interview and another Fang interview by
ama because White House national security
VOA.
officials "don't trust him," said USIA and
Mr. Gelb acknowledged trying to keep
White House officials.
news of Mr. Fang's release off VOA airwaves.
USIA's operations center could not reach
"Because of the extremely delicate nature
Mr. Gelb at home to tell him about the invasion
of having one of the world's great human
after it was announced on television, so he
rights activists being released from China, I
went to work the next morning unaware of the
thought on my own recognizance that it was
U.S. military landing, officials said.
very important that we did not use that in an
"He said he had taken an over-the-counter
inflammatory way during that period imme-
sleeping pill" and slept through USIA offi-
diately after his release from China," Mr. Gelb
cials banging on his door in the middle of the
said.
night, said a USIA associate.
Mr. Carlson declined to comment yesterday
"I don't take sleeping pills," Mr. Gelb said
but did not dispute the incident.
A24 THE WALL STREET JOURNAL WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 28, 1990
8
POLITICS & POLICY
F
Kemp Leads a Cabinet Revolt, Targeting Darman
warmed-over proposals from the. past.
For his part, Mr. Darman argues that
the budget agreement offers a new oppor-
Itunity for the government to set priorities.
As Sparks Fly Over Direction of Domestic Policy
He and Michael Boskin, the president's
chief economic adviser, are, promoting
measures that would shift more govern-
By ALAN MURRAY
Nevertheless, resentment against Mr.
public housing over to the poor. The
ment spending into investment and re-
Staff Reporter of THE WALL STREET JOURNAL
Darman continues to run high within the
budget director, while Indicating some sup-
search and less into consumption. Conser-
WASHINGTON-While President Bush
administration. And conservative commen-
port for the effort, mainly doused it with
vative critics, however, charge that ap-
has been focusing on the prospects for war
tators have pilloried the budget director
cold water.
proach could become an excuse for more
in the Middle East, his domestic-policy ad-
repeatedly in recent days.
"His performance was amazing,' said
visers are in a battle of their own.
pork barrel spending by Congress. "That's
In part, the attack on Mr. Darman is
one official aligned with Mr. Kemp. "If he
dangerous," says Mr. Butler. "You can
The president is scheduled to meet to-
Ideological. Many conservatives are angry
had felt threatened, he wouldn't have
call aid to families with dependent children
morrow with his top economic-policy ad-
that he negotiated a budget package that
come. But instead, he seemed to be flexing
an investment, education an investment.
visers to begin map-
relies heavily on tax increases, and one
his muscles."
You can call anything an investment."
ping out a domestic
that seems to rule out tax cuts in the fu-
The policy dispute began to mushroom
strategy for the
ture.
in this year's budget debate. Mr. Darman's
Elderly Lobby
coming year. He will
budget strategy may have produced an
In addition, Mr. Darman is looking at
find his administra-
Widespread Control
agreement, but it also left President Bush
proposals that would cut government bene-
tion remains badly
Many administration officials also re-
In constant retreat, backing off first from
fits to the affluent and elderly, and possi-
divided, with Budget
sent Mr. Darman's dominance in the pol-
his no-tax pledge. then from his proposal to
bly increase them for the needy. But any
Director Richard
icy arena. As budget director, he has man-
cut the capital-gains tax, and finally from
such proposals would réignite the elderly
Darman-until now
aged to seize widespread control over do-
this promise not to raise tax rates.
lobby that created such havoc last year.
the 500-pound gorilla
mestic policy. consulting only with Treas-
Mr. Kemp argues that the administra-
Treasury Secretary Brady is taking a
of domestic policy-
ury Secretary Nicholas Brady and Chief
tion now needs to push a bold and aggres-
third approach, focusing on his depart-
coming under heavy
of Staff John Sununu, and leaving others
sive agenda to grab
ment's effort to overhaul the banking sys-
attack from Housing
on the outside. "I think it's getting to be a
back the initiative
tem. With many analysts in part blaming a
Secretary
Jack
little bit of a closed shop," says former
from Congress. He
bank "credit crunch" for the economic
Kemp and an army
Reagan administration policy adviser Mar-
favors a renewed
slowdown, efforts to make the banking sys-
of disgruntled ban- Richard Darman
tin Anderson.
campaign to cut the
tem healthy should take top priority, he be-
tamweights.
And Mr. Darman's style doesn't help.
capital gains tax as
lieves.
The battle is as much over style and
either. The budget director caused a minor
well as the em-
Which way will President Bush go? Mr.
personality as It is over substance. But at
furor recently when he gave a speech ridi-
powerment Initia-
Butler argues that the president should
stake is whether the president pushes an
culing the "new paradigm," a name for a
tive, which would re-
make a clear choice between the Darman
ideological agenda that marks out a new
set of policy initiatives being promoted by
structure 1 govern-
agenda and the Kemp agenda. "I think
direction for his administration, or
White House staffer James Pinkerton. Ad-
ment programs to
there 'ought to be two resignations handed
whether he stays the course with measures
ministration officials say some of the
give more control
to him, and he should pick up one or the
designed to build upon this year's budget
budget director's tactics have also irked
and more choice to
other, he says.
agreement.
more-senior presidential advisers, includ-
people receiving
But the president's more likely course
As long as the internal fighting con-
ing Secretary Brady
government bene-
tinues, it's bound to fuel, the perception
Jack Kemp
may be to try to negotiate a compromise
that the administration's domestic policy
There is press speculation that Mr. Dar-
fits.
between the two. And that may only fuel
lacks direction. "There's no sign yet that
man may be on his way out of the adminis-
But other top officials are reluctant to
the perception that the Bush administra-
tion has no domestic policy agenda.
there Is a really coherent strategy, com-
tration: But top officials say the idea that
Tenew the capital gains debate: They fear
Democrats would simply use that as an ex-
"There's a lot of internal talk in the ad
plains Stuart Butler of the Heritage Foun-
Mr. Darman's job is threatened is over-
blown. And even Mr. Darman's harshest
truse to beat up on the administration for
ministration about how to regain the initia
dation, a conservative think tank. "It
seems to be all bits and pieces.
critics acknowledge that he's not behaving
catering to the rich. And while Mr. Dar-
tive, but I don't think it's going to work,
like someone whose job is on the line
man says he supports the empowerment
asserts Jeffrey Bell, a GOP economic con
Mr. Darman this week tried to forge
lagenda, he argues that It is merely
sultant.
Mm
THE
peace with his critics. He called Mr. Kemp
Last week, for instance, Mr. Darman
over the weekend and arranged for a pri-
attended a meeting of a group of junior of
vate meeting on Monday morning. Neither
ficials, including Mr. Pinkerton, who are
Mr. Darman nor Mr. Kemp would discuss
working on an "empowerment" Initiative
the lengthy meeting in detail, but they are
that would include policies such as provid-
said to have buried the hatchet.
ing vouchers for education and turning
Former Banking Regulator Says Senator
over th
Offered Him a Deal on Behalf of Keating
By JILL ABRAMSON
(D., Calif.), John Glenn (D., Ohio), and
"I
Staff Reporter of THE STREET JOURNAL
John McCain (R., Ariz.).
WA'
"ner
top
banking
Nor .f the senstors under investigation
ay's
in
Photocopy-Preservation
NPT
9/10/90
Dn+ew-
ESSAY
William Safire
Broadcast to Baghdad Dav
wine
editorial
WASHINGTON
intent to incite revolution, she ca-
S
ix months ago, the Voice of
bled home on Feb. 27. A day later, she
America - in its finest hour -
added: "The Soviet Embassy is also
broadcast an editorial reflect-
busy here insuring that news of the
ing the official views of the U.S. Gov-
editorial has been spread throughout
ernment to the world.
Baghdad."
Titled "No More Secret Police," the
Secretary Baker apparently di-
timely and courageous broadcast
rected her to grovel.
it is abso-
began: "The success of dictatorial
lutely not United States policy to
rule and tyranny requires the exist-
question the legitimacy of the Gov-
ence-of a large secret-police force,
ernment of Iraq nor to interfere in
while the success of democracy re-
any way in the domestic concerns of
quires abolishment of such a force."
the Iraqi people and Government,"
The V.O.A. noted that when East
she then wrote the Minister of For-
Germans became free, they demon-
eign Affairs, Tariq Aziz. "My Govern-
strated with public slogans against
ment regrets that the wording of the
what they called, "bloodsuckers" rep-
editorial left it open to incorrect inter-
pretation."
Her way out: The word "dictators"
was translated in Arabic as abaatira,
Try the
which means "playboys" or "bons vi-
vants" - therefore, the broadcast
truth that
could not have applied to Saddam
Hussein, especially "As Assistant
hurts.
Secretary Kelly told his Excellency
the President [Hussein] on February
12, President Bush wants good rela-
tions with Iraq, relations built on con-
fidence and trust
resented by Stasi, the Gestapo and
the K.G.B. "In Romania," our broad-
Back in Washington, at the Secre-
cast said, "thousands of citizens shed
tary of State's breakfast meeting,
their blood to bring down the dicta-
John Kelly (hired by James Baker
torial regime of Nicolae Ceausescu
because he had been reprimanded by
against well-trained security
George Shultz) excoriated those
forces armed to the teeth."
democracy-pushers at V.O.A. who
Indisputably true. "The secret po-
were undermining his seduction of
lice are still widely present in coun-
Saddam Hussein and demanded they
tries like China, North Korea, Iran,
be slapped down. Secretary Baker
Iraq, Syria, Libya, Cuba and Alba-
agreed; he told the U.S. Information
nia, said the V.O.A., drawing on the
Agency to get written clearance on its
human rights report of the State De-
editorials from State.
partment required by Congress. But
Six weeks later, in a meeting with
thanks to 1989's wave of freedom,
five U.S. senators proudly broadcast
"we believe that the 1990's should be-
by Iraqi radio (but curiously still un
long not to the dictators and secret
published in our Congressional
police, but to the people."
Record), the Butcher of Baghdad
That accurately represents Amer-
complained again about the offending
ican-values. But when Saddam Hus-
editorial. Senator Bob Dole Ingratiat
sein heard it, he reacted - and the ef-
ingly if inaccurately assured him that
fect of his reaction on our timid State
the writer had paid for his mistake
Department and obsequious senators
with his job: "That person was
led him to believe that the U.S. was a
fired."
paper tiger.
The lessons from this sorry episode
"Our guess is that the President
are two: first, that whenever a dicta-
[Hussein] himself heard it on Febru-
tor demands that we back away from
ary 15," reads a classified cable from
American values, we should never
our Ambassador, April Glaspie, to
forget that appeasement and apolo-
Secretary James Baker, now vouch-
getics lead only to contempt for our
safed to me in partial response to a
resolve.
Freedom of Information request
Seçond, when preparing a strong
made several months ago.
message to the people of Iraq, includ-
Our Ambassador was "convoked"
ing four million persecuted Kurds:
by the Deputy Foreign Minister to
Dictator Hussein is apparently highly
protest a "flagrant interference in
sensitive to any news that reminds
the internal affairs of Iraq and the di-
his subjects of the uprising that led to
rect official instigation against the le-
the punishment of dictator the Ceau-
gitimate authority." She reported
sescu.
that the Iraqi emphasized "that in-
President Bush's speechwriters
citement against the government and
should eschew clearing his copy with
supposed analogy to Romania were
the Baker-Kelly hand-wringers at
deeply damaging."
State, and should ask instead for a
Our Ambassador was evidently dis-
draft of his message from the guy
aught. "They read the editorial as
who wrote the V.O.A. editorial, "No
G-sanctioned mudslinging with the
More Secret Police."
Photocopy-Preservation
Richard Cohen
Under Cover of Daylight
There's a story about John F. Ken-
greater detail, the president held an
howl when their soaps are interrupt-
But war with Iraq, should it come,
nedy that goes like this. Asked how
afternoon news conference. Chances
ed.
might well turn into a horror. Wash-
he was going to announce that he had
are you were at work.
It's one thing for Bush to be the
chosen his own brother Robert as
ington has its scenario du jour-ev-
George Bush came to the White
homespun anti-Reagan, quite another
attorney general, the president-elect
erything from a quick capitulation by
House determined to be the anti-Rea-
for him to essentially duck the Ameri-
said he would wait until about two in
Baghdad after the Air Force does its
the morning, open the door to his
gan. Not for him, this man of detail
can people. This president seems
loath to bring the people bad news.
work to a prolonged ground war in
Georgetown house and whisper, "It's
and acronyms, were the props of the
Take, for instance, the manner in
which many thousands of Americans
Bobby." In this way, and in this way
Ronald Reagan years nor the exces-
which Bush reversed himself on tax-
die. Add to that latter scenario the
only, George Bush is a Kennedy.
sive-even obsessive-concentration
es. The medium for this announce-
fears of some experts that a war
Whispering George said the other
on public relations. George Bush
ment, was the bulletin board in the
would convulse the Middle East and
day that American forces in the Per-
would have no Michael Deaver. His
White House press room. Had Bush
no moderate Arab regime would sur-
sian Gulf region would be greatly
press conferences would be frequent
taken to the airwaves, had he both-
vive, and you have more than enough
expanded. Another 150,000 soldiers
and much more modest events-none
ered to explain his about-face to the
for the American people to chew
would be dispatched (nearly doubling
of those grand Reagan entrances with
American people, both his reputation
on-and, maybe, question.
the force already in the Gulf) and with
the president like some aging Haps-
and his approval rating might not
Over and over we commentators
them commensurate amounts of
burg monarch arriving for a court
have taken such a beating.
are told by military experts to watch
tanks, planes and even another battle-
occasion. Like wholesome food,
Now the president is doing some-
our analogies: The sands of Araby are
ship, the storied Missouri. This, Bush
thing similar when it comes to the far
Bush's approach is admirable. Like
not the jungles of Vietnam. True
said in a statement, would provide the
graver matter of war. It's not that he
wholesome food, it is also boring.
enough. But the U.S. effort in Viet-
United States with "an adequate of-
need be embarrassed about the
nam suffered from a scarcity of can-
fensive military option"-in other
Worse, Bush's approach is mislead-
course he has chosen. He has led the
dor and from the reluctance of politi-
words, what it takes to go to war.
ing. A president who holds a daytime
nation honorably and with some skill
cians to operate like honest loan-
And just when and under what cir-
press conference, televised though it
in this matter: Saddam Hussein is
officers: Here are the costs. Full dis-
cumstances did Bush reveal that the
may be, is signaling that he's not got
wrong; Iraq must pull out of Kuwait;
United States might go on the offen-
much to say-and doesn't particularly
the taking of hostages is immoral and
closure was warranted then, and it is
sive in the Persian Gulf? Was it in a
care if he isn't going to get much of
the harming of them is unforgivable.
warranted now.
Nothing to be ashamed of there-al-
A president has an obligation to
grand televised speech to the nation?
an audience. The reason daytime tele-
Was it in an address to a joint session
vision has significantly lower advertis-
though that's not to say that the
explain as best he can why he may ask
refusal to negotiate (or at least pre-
some people to die-and many more
of Congress, one of those March of
ing rates is that it has significantly
tend to) and provide Hussein with a
to kill. This is George Bush's solemn
Time occasions dripping history? No,
fewer viewers-and not the sort of
way to save face is such a smart
obligation. A prime-time television
neither one. The president held a,
viewers, incidentally, who can accu-
move. It's not-and it ought to be
speech is in order. How can we read
news conference. In fact, and in
rately be called opinion makers. They
tried.
Bush's lips if we can't even see, them?
Photocopy-Preservation
B12
THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL TUESDAY, DECEMBER 18, 1990
Washington at Work
Eager Point Man as Grand Old Party
Debates Concept of New Paradigm
By JASON DePARLE
Though he insists he is more inter-
Special to The New York Times
WASHINGTON, Dec. 17 Jim
James Pearson
ested in ideas than power, he is no
political innocent. Now an inter-party
Pinkerton his 6-foot 9-inch
Pinkerton
diplomat busy organizing dinners
frame into a comfortable slouch on
with Democrats sympathetic to his
his office sofa, and explains why he is
Born: March
Ideas, he has built his career as an
greedily consuming one after another
aide to Lee Atwater, the ailing chair-
ice-blue mentholated throat lozenge.
Hometown: Evanston,
man of the Republican National Com-
"I've been talking a lot,' rasped the
mittee. And though Mr. Pinkerton
32-year-old junior White House aide.
mourns a politics that is thin on new.
He is also being talked.about.
Education: Stanford
ideas, he also helped to create it, sug-
Until recently, Mr. Pinkerton was
University
gesting in the 1988 campaign not only
best known for his beanpole build and
that Mr. Bush seize on Willie Horton
the 1988 campaign research that
but also on the Pledge of Allegiance.
helped turn Willie Horton into a
Career Highlights: 1979-80,
household name. But in the last few.
Of High Ground and Low
Reagan Presidential
weeks the has re-emerged from
campaign; 1981
Does Mr. Pinkerton have a dual
semiobscurity into the midst of a
legacy as a traveler on both the high
clamorous Republican battle over
researcher, White House;
ground in politics and the low?
"thevision thing.
1984-85, deputy director for
"Inevitably, yes, and here I stand,
His version of vision carries the un-
strategic planning,
warts and all, Mr. Pinkerton said, in!
gainly. name, "The New Paradigm.'
Republican National
a conscious echo of Cromwell.
For more than a year he had been
Committee; 985-87
"There's some parts I'm prouder of
plying it with evangelical but little no-
than other parts.
ticed zeal, arguing that its reliance on
research director, Fund for
Mr. Pinkerton now alternates be-
the market and promise of decentral-
America's Future; 1987-88,
tween defending the use of Mr. Hor-
Jim Pinkerton: "It matters because it's shaping the Republican agenda for the next two years."
ization can change the world.
director of research; Bush
ton and apologizing for it. The result
Then Richard G. Darman, in his
Presidential campaign; 1988
of its use against Gov. Michael S.
first foray out after the budget blood-
'It's also a battle
capped? (Or, for that matter, isn't it
One pictures him like Ward Cleaver,
to present, deputy assistant
Dukakis, the Democratic Presiden-
an awful lot like plain old liberalism,
situated serenely in the family den,
letting, mocked the slogan in a biting
tial candidate, was a surge in the
speech. Major Republican conserva-
to the President for policy
for the soul of the
which he holds in disdain?) No, he in-
unaware that his boys are upstairs
polls and the charge that the Bush
sists, and SO the arguments go, invit
mixing test tubes of ideology that
tives, seizing the opportunity to at-
planning
campaign was playing racial politics
ing the suspicion that what's "New
might blow out a White House window
Photocopy-Preservation
tack- the budget director who had
by employing one of the most potent
Interests: Movies chess
American psychosexual symbols. Mr.
country.'
Paradigm" is to some degree simply
or two.
helped bring President Bush to aban-
those policies that Mr. Pinkerton hap-
But is Mr. Bush, whose Presidency
don the no-tax pledge, rallied to de-
Horton, the furloughed murderer, is
pens to like.
conjures to many the word "custodi-
fense of Mr. Pinkerton, his paradigm
black rape victim is white.
Not so, he says, arguing that he has
al" more easily than "innovative,
and its-promise of a New Deal
Mr. Pinkerton says that Governor
precociousness, as he was dragged to
enumerated its principles. But he
likely leader of the charge?
new deal.
Dukakis's furlough policy in Massa-
In its specifics the New Paradigm
Bergman films and civil rights rallies
says he welcomes the dispute, insist-|
Though Mr. Pinkerton insists he
chusetts was a fair issue and that the
Great Republican Debate
is a set of five familiar principles: a
at a young age, Although as a high
ing, "The most valuable thing is to,
serves "the first President to govern
Bush campaign itself never men-
Suddenly, the Republican ranks
reliance on decentralization, market
school student he was drawn to
get people to think about change.
in the spirit of the New Paradigm,
tioned Mr. Horton's race. Mr. Pinker-
forces, "empowering" the poor, Indi-
George McGovern, he became impa-
Mr. Darman argued, persuasively
when asked for examples, his usually
seemed riven over whether George
ton insists he never intended for Mr.
(tient with what he saw as liberals"
Bush is a New Paradigm President,
vidual choice and "an emphasis on
to some, that the first four principles
expressive face goes blank.
Horton's race to become an issue.
and the Republicans New Para-
what works."
softness on Communism. Shortly,
collapse into one and the fifth
Civil rights for the disabled, he
While Mr. Pinkerton said he never
digm party.
Sometimes Mr. Pinkerton calls it a
after arriving at Stanford University
"whatever works" seems to vitiate
says.
thought it was certain that Mr. Hor-
"nonbureaucratic idealism. Some-
in 1975, he was calling himself a liber-
them all. Among several reasons why
And what else?
Is this a silly fight over semantics?
ton would be used in racist ways
tarian.
Or, -as- Representative Richard. A.
times "politically correct capital-
the attack was puzzling is that Mr.
Mr. Pinkerton pauses and hunts
"maybe that was naïve,' he said
ism." Sometimes "informed prag-
Darman has said he supports the ac-
down (an April speech where the
Gephardt recently suggested, the as-
he now faults himself for running that
Pressed for Elaboration
matic idealism.'
tual planks, like education vouchers,
phrase "New Paradigm) fell from
signing of a new name to the old Re-
risk. He says he should have found
publican indifference?
Translation?
ways to discuss Mr. Dukakis's policy
Politics is the only profession he
and enterprise zones.
Presidential lips.
Not in Mr. Pinkerton's view.
Mr. Pinkerton points to education
has known, first as a volunteer on the
think President' said
without focusing on Mr. Horton.
vouchers, home-ownership for the
1980 Reagan Presidential drive, then
"It matters because it's shaping
envisioned the possibility that it
White House aides speculate that
enough about this to be properly cred-
ited with a significant role in this, he
the Republican agenda for the next
poor, enterprise zones, the earned-in
a junior White House researcher and
could play out this way," he said.
Mr. Darman was taking a swipe at
come tax credit and a capital gains
later as an assistant to Mr. Atwater.
two years of George 'Bush's Presi-
"Others would jump on the issue, and
Mr. Pinkerton because he suspected!
said, sounding more dutiful than con-
dency and arguably for the rest of the
cut as favorite, New Paradigm
others did, and use it in a racially
Until recently, Mr. Pinkerton's ten-
him as a source of anonymous press
vincing.
decade," be said. "It's not just a bat-
causes, though he says he sees many
ure. as a $77,500-a-year domestic
divisive
criticisms of Mr. Darman's role in
truly mean that.
way.
the for the soul of the party but also
other applications. Among the prom-
"In some sense m responsible I
policy aide had been a quiet one.
the budget deal.
"Sincerely
ises he says it holds is the opportunity
Conversations with Mr. Pinkerton
for the soul of the country.
"I don't want to get Into Darman at
won't try to evade that.
The fight is interesting not just for
to broaden the Republican electoral
about the paradigm can turn Jesuiti-
all," said Mr. Pinkerton, who said
Formative Years
its passion, but also because it is one:
base by adopting Democratic social
cal. Wouldn't it be a New Paradigm
that more senior White House offi-
A Mild Quake Shakes Indiana
that Mr. Bush's flip-flop governing
goals without abandoning traditional
If Mr. Pinkerton feels at home in
move, for instance, to require busi-
cials had told him not to comment. He
style Invites. No one turned to talk of
Republican economics.
conversations. where ideas are
nesses to give their employees health
said that he dropped off a note in Mr.
WEST LAFA YETTE, Ind, Dec.
new paradigms in order to define
Like the New Paradigm, Mr. Pink-
swapped like Frisbees - uncon-
insurance, since that would help "em-
Darman's office 10 days ago, suggest-
(AP) A mild earthquake shook west-
what Ronald Reagan stood for.
erton himself can be hard to define.
nected to immediate action. - it
power" them to work?
ing that the two of them put the dis-
central Indiana early today, and offi-
Or 'as Mr. Pinkerton says in his
He is a friendly, earnest and self-ef-
should come as no surprise; he grew
No: that would violate the principle
pute behind them, and that Mr. Dar-
cials said it had no connection to the
New. Paradigm speech: "Fighting
facing man who is affectionately de-
up in a series of college towns
of market autonomy. But he says that
man later stopped by his office,
New Madrid fault elsewhere in the
taxes and Communists has brought
scribed by friends as "goofy," and
Cambridge, Mass.; Boulder, Colo.,
Congressional passage of the Amer-
where they held a "correct" conver-
Midwest. No damage or injuries were
us about as far as it can.' To take the
who once contemplated a career as a
and Evanston, III. where his moth-
icans with Disabilities Act, which
sation for about 30 minutes.
reported in the quake, which occurred
party further, he fills his speeches
quiz show contestant. He punctuates
er, and later his stepfather, were pro-
guarantees the civil rights of the dis-
Mr. Darman did not return tele-
shortly after midnight and measured
with new-day-is-dawning references
conversations with references to Max
fessors. His father, also an academic,
abled, was classically New Paradigm
phone calls asking for his thoughts.
3.0 on the Richter scale of energy re-
lumping New Paradigm with world
Weber, Alvin Toffler and the movie
died when Mr. Pinkerton was 3.
since it "empowered" the disabled.
As the President's aides parry and
lease and ground motion, said Larry
transformations like the fall of the
"Rollerball." He urges the President
Being the single child of a single
But didn't the measure force busi-
thrust about what Mr. Bush believes,
Braile, professor of geosciences at Pur-
Berlin wall.
to plant more trees.
woman helped promote a certain
nesses to accommodate the handi-
the President has had little to say.
due University.
Busing Reconsidered
Seattle is mostly- a tolerant and
from 62%. Total enrollment in Seattle
lush place. It tries very hard to be
schools has dropped by more than half
very good For 12 years, long after
over the past 20 years, to about 41,000.
many communities have decided that
In the city's current economic boom,
school busing for racial balance para
households without children have been
doxically does not achieve racial bal
buying many of the nice homes, while
ance, the city has persisted without so
families moved to the suburbs
much as a court order Now even Se
Mr. Eastlack, who represents a
attle is nearly ready to consider alter-
white, working class area of West Se-
natives. Today the school board is to
attle where opposition to busing is
consider five plans for scaling back
most pronounced, thinks it's time to
the busing project. The most ambi-
act. Lest enrollment take another
tious proposal, by trustee Kenneth
sharp drop, he wants to clear the air
Eastlack, would effectively end the
in time for fall's reopening. Mr. East-
idea of busing children around the city
lack favors some integration pro-
solely for racial purposes
gram, in part because he thinks the
The emerald city is coming to rec-
district will be sued into one in any
ognize that this much heralded policy
case, but he's recommending a loos-
doesn improve schools or integrate
ened formula: no more than 80% of
them very well. It unavoidably causes
one race in a school. All of the schools
many poor children to spend an hour
currently would meet that standard
or more of potential learning time
without forced busing
riding around on a bus. And affluent
Seattle is fortunate, in that unlike a
white students find a way out of the
number of other American cities its
system.
schools are still run by an elected
When the city began the program
board and not a federal judge. It can
in 1978, it tried to mix and match
choose. In fact, choice is the key word
youngsters all over town, designating
here. It is now possible to suggest for
the fourth through sixth grades and
the first time that the busing model in
the high school years as pairing off
the U.S. may be in the process of be-
periods. Part of the enrollment at a
ing taken over by the choice model-
neighborhood school would be
an alternative that draws parents
swapped for students from a campus,
more tightly into the education of
at the opposite end of town (in Seattle
their children
north is white and south is black
As Polly Williams is attempting to
That didn't work, so the authorities
demonstrate in Milwaukee, empower-
eventually came up with a controlled
ing parents to second guess the
choice" formula that tries to keep mi
teacher unions and central office is
nority enrollment at any school within
critical to busting the yoke, that
20 percentage points of the total mi-
weighs heavy on school performance
nority share of the district.
in general and that of poor urban mi-
The result? Black south-siders
norities in particular. If the intent of
have about twice as much chance of
busing and other integration plans is
being sent by bus to an- out of neigh
to make sure all students have an
borhood school as north-side children.
equal opportunity for good schools,
About 80% of south-siders are bused
the provision of choice through
to school, against only 35% of north-
vouchers or simple school selection
siders. The white share of the sys-
options is looking more than ever like
tem's enrollment has dropped to 45%
a better way to go.
Asides
House Unmasked
anced-budget amendment to the Con-
stitution but refused to sign the neces-
It looks as if freshman Congress-
sary discharge petition to permit a
man Chuck Douglas of New Hamp-
floor vote. Though several Members
shire is on his way to lifting one of the
pressured Rep. Douglas to back down,
great veils of secrecy that envelops
they also scrambled to sign the peti-
political behavior in Washington. This
tion.. Yesterday, Rep. Douglas an-
one allows House Members the hypo-
nounced that in only three weeks a
critical luxury of co-sponsoring popu-
218-Member majority had signed, as-
lar bills and then letting them lan-
suring the first vote on a balanced-
guish or die in unfriendly committees.
budget amendment since 1982. Now
Last month, he simply said that on
that the Douglas "sunshine" tactic
June 15 he would reveal the names
has worked, we hope other Members
of those Members who backed Texas
use it to pry loose legislation the
Democrat Charles Stenholm's bal-
House leadership has buried.
Photocopy-Preservation
A14
REVIEW & OUTLOOK
The Dirty Tricks Gang
A roundup in recent days of Red
governments of instigating the at-
Army-Faction suspects in East Ger-
tempt, investigations of Mr. Agca's
many-some of whom were involved
pre-crime activities leave little doubt.
in attacks on U.S. soldiers-and mob
His sojourns in Bulgaria and East
attacks last week on dissidents in Ro-
Berlin, where someone of his back-
mania tell us something both about
ground would have been known to the
the past and the present. The German
secret police, and the aid he received
investigations will confirm what anti-
from Sergei Antonov, a Bulgarian
terrorist forces in the West have long
state airline employee, were part of a
had cause to believe-that much of
damning chain of evidence.
Western Europe's terrorism and polit-
Obviously the world is not as easily
ical- violence have been stage-man-
fooled by such tricks as it once was.
aged by the secret police of Commu-
Who can really believe that a group of
nist countries. The assaults in Bucha-
ordinary Romanian miners organized
rest by "miners" while authorities
themselves and arranged transporta-
turned a blind eye make it clear that
tion to Bucharest and other cities in a
in some East European countries the
spontaneous show of support for Ro-
word Communist has been expunged,
mania's President Iliescu?
but-not the tactics.
But some credulity gaps remain to
East Germany's new Interior Min-
be closed. Defectors from East Euro-
ister. Peter-Michael Diestel Friday
pean governments over the past two
called the links to terrorism of the for
decades have testified that East Euro-
mer government one of the most
pean secret police organizations, by
shameful chapters' in East German
and large operated under the guid-
history. Yesterday the East German
ance of that vast mother organization
police arrested yet another suspected
in Moscow, the KGB. The KGB still is
member of the Red Army Faction,
very much in business Moscow in
thought to have been involved in the
siders say its funding has been ex
1981 bombing of the U.S. Ramstein
panded by Mikhail Gorbachev for two
Air Base. On Saturday, authorities ar
reasons: It has lost important assets,
rested a 40-year-old woman wanted in
such as Stasi; and keeping the KGB
connection with the 1985 murder of a
happy is vital to a Soviet leader at
U.S. soldier outside a discotheque
tempting a major reform
near Wiesbaden.
According to an article on this
German investigators say their ar
page in November 1984 by Zdzislaw
rests show that the former Stasi, or
M. Rurarz, former Polish ambassador
East German secret police, had regu-
to Japan, the Polish secret police
larly offered refuge, false identities
were under KGB guidance at the time
and political protection to West Ger-
of the assassination of the Rev. Jerzy
mans being sought for terrorism. The
Popieluszko, a Polish Catholic priest.
wave of arrests in recent days has fo-
He had become a thorn in the side of
cused particularly on the Red Army
the Communist Party.
Faction, which has claimed "credit"
Last month, a BBC documentary
for a long string of terrorist crimes,
offered impressive evidence that a So-
including the murder in November of
viet KGB officer assisted efforts to in-
Alfred Herrhausen, the highly re-
flame Czechoslovakians against the
spected head of Deutsche Bank.
old Stalinist regime. The plot was to
replace the Stalinists with a new Com-
Mr. Diestel clearly has learned
enough from the Stasi files to know
munist leadership more to Mr. Gorba-
chev's liking. The effort failed and Va-
that such groups were not merely
crazies but were instruments of a gov-
clav Havel, definitely not Mr. Gorba-
chev's man; has just been elected
ernment. The crimes were in fact
president of the Czech and Slovak Re-
committed by a Communist state hos-
tile to the West.
publics.
Europe has changed dramatically
That tells a lot more than some
in a year as the Poles, the Czechoslo-
bple have cared to know about the
vakians, the Hungarians and the East
(ces of terrorism in Europe. One
Germans have shucked off Commu-
most spectacular in the long list
nist regimes. Continuing investiga-
thes was, of course, the shooting
tions in East Germany will shed much
pe John Paul II in St. Peter's
light on what has gone on before. But
e in 1981 by the Turk Mehmet
the age of ate-supported thuggery is
ca. Although Italian authorities
not yet over by any means. It's al-
r chose to directly accuse other
ways good to keep that in mind.
Photocopy-Preservation
Last year the Mountain States Legal
Foundation established an ecotage hotline,
which recorded sabotage in California, Col-
orado, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon and Wash
ington. Tree spiking which almost killed a
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL
mill. worker struck by a shattered saw
blade in 1987-seems relatively common in
the Northwest. So is sabotage against con-
Ecoteur's Credo:
struction and timbering equipment. A
cross country motor cross race was halted
when garroting wire was strung at neck
To Save the Trees,
level. Ski lifts have been vandalized, and
other examples abound. Public officials
Cut Down People
play down the importance of ecoterrorism,
but Mr. Foreman argues that they are try-
ing "to keep it quiet" because reporting
By DOUG BANDOW
such activities "would only encourage sim-
Since the advent of Earth Day in 1970,
ilar acts by many more of the millions of
the environmental movement has been
Americans who are strongly against the
characterized by such mainstream groups
rape of what's left of our wilderness."
as the Sierra Club and the Audubon Soci-
Of course, not everyone who is outraged
ety. Some are more pushy than others;
over, say, government subsidized timber-
some are less willing to accommodate al-
ing; which is both environmentally destruc-
ternative uses of public lands. But all are
tive and financially wasteful, engages: in
committed to the democratic process.
ecotage. Underlying the activities of many
Today, however, an incréasing number
ecoteurs is the philosophy of "Deep Ecol-
of environmental activists are unwilling to
ogy, which places the preservation of na-
compromise, despite their past successes.
ture above the promotion of humankind.
Instead, they are taking the advice of Dave
In a sense it is a move back to pantheism,
Foreman, founder of Earth First!, who re-
with the belief that nature is sacred. Mr.
cently urged the readers of: Mother Jones
Foreman, for one, has attacked the
to commit civil disobedience: "You know
anthropocentric" philosophy of the West,
what you can do. Do it.'
arguing that the "wilderness has a right to
Once that would have meant the sort of
exist for its own sake. He views mon-
disruptive but nonviolent protests that
keywrenching as "a form of worship to-
Earth First! is scheduled to begin today as
ward the earth, It's really a very spiritual
part of a summer-long campaign to halt
thing to go out and do.
timbering in northern California. However,
Adequate legal penalties are a neces-
despite their protestations to the contrary,
sary: part of any effort to combat ecoter-
some may be moving toward violent activi-
rorismi. Yet, Western forest and range
ties. Late last month two Earth First! ac-
lands are too sparsely populated to be well
tivists were arrested in Oakland after a
defended against determined écoterrorists.
pipe bomb in their car exploded; both have
The best response is more subtle -environ-
been active in anti-logging activities and
mentalist, community, business and politi-
are being investigated in connection with
cal leaders need to reinforce the basic be-
the bombing of a nearby lumber mill ear-
lief, held by most environmentalists, that
lier in the month. (They deny knowledge of
violence is notjustified as a means of over-
the bomb and claim someone was trying to
turning defeats in the political arena, and
assassinate them. Mr. Foreman is facing
that the protection of human life remains
trial, along with three others, for allegedly
people's paramount responsibility.
conspiring to down several electrical trans-
Particularly important is the role of en-
mission towers.
vironmental groups. Since they are com-,
Ecoterrorism first gained notoriety in
mitted to many of the same goals as Earth
the early 1970s, when a lone environmental
First!, they have a special duty to discour-
activist, 'the Fox,' engaged in a sustained
age violence in the name of] the environ-
campaign of eco-sabotage, or ecotage,
ment (as has Natural Resources Defense
against Chicago-area firms. The late Ed-
Council attorney Robert Kennedy, for ex-
ward Abbey romanticized ecoterrorism in
ample).
his 1975 novel, "The Monkey Wrench
Moreover, -minded legislators need
Gang," in which four people roam the
to abandon the sort of spendthrift and ruin-
West wreaking unimaginable havoc. Mr.
ous management policies that have rightly
Abbey became a spiritual adviser to radi-
angered "many environmentalists. Land
cal environmentalists: "If opposition is not
should be privatized and subsidies ended.
enough, we must resist. And if resistance
That abuses exist is no excuse for violence,
is not enough, then subvert, he said.
but reforming current policy would reduce
Nevertheless there was no formal
people's incentive to violate the law
structure for ecoteurs until 1981, when Mr.
With groups apparently prepared to
Foreman, a former lobbvist for the Wilder
bomb sawmills, down electrical towers,
ness Society, created Earth First Al-
and decapitate cyclists-and ads being
though the organization does not formally
placed for terminally ill volunteers to
engage in ecotage, Mr. Foreman conceded
launch kamikaze attacks on dams-ecoter-
shortly after Its formation that it was in-
rorism can no longer be dismissed as mi-
tended "to inspire others to carry out ac-
nor. We risk the development of an ecolog-
tivities straight from the pages of The
ical guerrilla movement; one ready even to
Monkey Wrench Gang." Mr. Foreman
kill, unless all participants in the political
has also written two editions of Ecode-
process reaffirm the importance of both
fense: A Field Guide to Monkeywrench
nonviolence and human life.
ing which offers detailed advice on how
to drive spikes into trees to shatter chain
Mr. Bandow, a Cato Institute fellow, is
saws and sawmill blades; scatter caltrops
the author of "The Politics of Plunder:
on roads to flatten tires; disable construc-
Misgovernment in Washington" (Transac-
tion equipment; pull up mining markers
tion, 1990). This article is adapted from a
and survey stakes; and fell powerlines,
Heritage Foundation backgrounder.
which explains Mr. Foreman, "are highly
vulnerable to monkeywrenching from indi-
viduals or small groups.
Photocopy-Preservation
House Panel Slashes Defense Programs
DEFENSE, From A1
for a reduction of 129,500 mem-
bers of the armed forces during the
fiscal year that begins in October,
steeper. than the 100,000 decline
House Panel Axes
passed by the Senate panel.
The House bill, adopted on a 40
to 12 vote, overall cuts $24 billion
from the $306.9 billion request sub-
mitted by President Bush in Janu-
B-2, Mobile Missiles
ary, while the Senate proposal
would cut $18 billion. Even this
smaller cut, which a Pentagon
spokesman deemed "prudent," rep-
Cuts Would Be Deepest in Decades
resents a steep decline in spending
and prompted Sen. Sam Nunn (D-
Ga.), chairman of the Senate Armed
tems that were conceived and or-
By Patrick E. Tyler
Services Committee, to call it "the
Washington Post Staff Writer
dered by the Pentagon during years
most sweeeping degree of change
of intense U.S.-Soviet competition
we've seen in a defense bill
The House Armed Services Com-
and robust U.S. defense budgets.
since I've been in the Senate."
mittee yesterday voted to kill the
"The administration has asked for
The House cuts are closely
B-2 "stealth" bomber and both mo-
more costly weapons than can pos-
aligned with reductions proposed by
bile strategic nuclear missiles re-
sibly fit in the years of declining
Senate Budget Committee Chair-
quested by the Bush administration,
defense budgets ahead," said com-
SEN. SAM NUNN
REP. LES ASPIN
man Jim Sasser (D-Tenn.) and it
a move that sets up a confrontation
mittee Chairman Les Aspin (D-
will seek to restore some cuts
says cuts reflect "fiscal reality"
remains unclear whether Nunn can
with the Senate on where to set the
Wis.). "Killing the B-2 was a deci-
floor for the biggest decline in U.S.
sive move," he added, "to bring the
sustain the votes forhis higher lev-
differences will be worked out be-
and to build a mobile single-warhead
defense spending in decades.
defense budget in step with fiscal
el of spending on the Senate floor.
tween conferees later this year.
The committee also adopted rec-
reality."
Referring to the earlier Senate ac-
Midgetman missile to protect the
Aspin, who supported the contro-
U.S. land-based nuclear forces from
ommendations of its subcommittees
The committee voted to delay
tion, Rep. Dave McCurdy (D-Okla.)
versial bomber last year, joined the
a surprise Soviet attack.
in cutting the president's $4.9 bil-
full-scale development of the Ad-
said, "They took some hostages and
opposition to the plane last week,
Instead, the committee called on
lion request for research into bal-
vanced Tactical Fighter and the
we reciprocated.
saying (it was not clear: the bat-
the Bush administration to come up
listic missile defenses by nearly $2
Army's new light helicopter. It
Defense Secretary Richard B.
winged aircraft was needed at the
with a new plan for one land-based
billion. The "Star Wars" program
slowed the Seawolf attack subma-
Cheney has warned that cuts in de-
cost of tens of billions of dollars:
missile. The members left $640
launched during the Reagan admin-
rine program to one ship per year
fense as deep as those proposed by
The Bush administration last Jan-
million in research and development
istration was cut $1 billion by the
and voted for a pause in develop-
the House would wreak havoc on
uary asked for a fleet of 132 stealth
funds for a single land based missile
Senate Armed Services Committee.
ment of the Navy's classified A-12
the military. But the House panel
bombers to-penetrate Soviet air-
plan.
In across-the-board fash-
attack plane designed to replace the
led by Aspin, backed by House
space well into the next century to
McCurdy said the House action
ion, the House committee voted to
aging carrier-based attack planes.
Democratic leaders, has moved for-
seek out and destroy Soviet mobile
was justified because the Bush ad-
delay or scale back most of the next
In addition, the House bill calls
ward with drastic cuts to meet fis-
targets after both sides had ex-
changed nuclear salvos. The planes
ministration is planning in the second
generation of advanced weapon sys-
See DEFENSE, A9, Col. 1
cal targets imposed by the Gramm-
Rudman-Hollings deficit-reduction
use special materials allowing them
round of strategic arms) talks with
law.
to slip past enemy radars unde"
the Soviets "to move away from" mo-
In a decisive 34 to 20 vote yes
tected
bile missiles with multiple warheads
terday, the committee rejected an
In May, Cheney revised the ad-
toward @ single-warhead missiles
attempt led by Rep. Ike Skelton
ministration request to 75 bombers,
based in silos: During a recent meet-
which effectively drove up the cost
ing at the White House with Cheney
(D-Mo.) to reinstate the B-2 after a
procurement subcommittee recom-
of each plane to $865 million.
and national security adviser Brent
The House language calls for
Scowcroft, McCurdy said he got the
mended killing the program upon
completion of the 15 planes now
completion of the B-2 research and
impression the administration was
development phase, then termi-
willing to trade the current MX mis-
under construction by Northrop
Corp.
nates the program. The Senate
sile force for the Soviet force of SS:
Armed Services Committee earlier
24 mobile missiles.
"That was a big historic vote for
approved a B-2 funding plan that
The Senate voted to continue
this committee, which has never,
would require additional testing but
research and development funds for
never voted to kill a major weapons
maintained the basic commitment
the MX and Midgetman, but it de-
system," said one staff member.
to build all 75 planes
nied procurement funds.
Skelton said he was not embar-
The full House committee also
In a surprise move, the House
rassed by the defeat. "Honestly,
adopted the recommendations of its
panel also reinstated the V-22 Os-
this is going to be decided on in con-
research and development panel to
prey -rotor aircraft after Cheney
ference. The Senate and House
terminate the Pentagon's plan to put
last year won congressional approv-
bills will go to floor votes and any
its MX missile force on railroad cars
al to terminate the program.
Photocopy-Preservation
Soviet Effort for Patent Law Reform Gaining Momentum
Milton Wayne, a patent lawyer in
all inventions receive certificates.
By EDMUND L. ANDREWS
New York who has worked on Soviet
Under the proposed legislation:
patent issues for 15 years, said: The
most technology would be patentable,
Special to The New York Times
research they do is first class in some
including genetically engineered
WASHINGTON, July 1 - Amid ef-
areas. The problem they have is that
micro-organisms and cell cultures.
forts by the Soviet Union to liberalize
they don't know how to exploit it prop-
Inventors would be able to sell their
its stagnant economy, a seemingly
erly."
patent rights or assign them to their
quixotic movement to adopt a West-
employers in much the same way
ern-style patent law is gaining
Areas of Patent Strength
that company employees assign their
momentum.
The strongest area of Soviet pat-
rights in Western countries.
Proposals have been put forward to
give people and private corporations
ents has been in heavy industry,
In drafting the legislation, Soviet
exclusive rights to their Inventions
particularly steelmaking, Mr. Wayne
trade and patent officials have car-
for 20 years from the time they apply
said, And only last week, E. I. duPont
ried on lengthy discussions with ex-
for a patent. In the process, the plan
de Nemours & Company, received ap-
perts at the Office of the United
proval from the United States Food
States Trade Representative and the
would reverse doctrines dating back
and Drug Administration to market
United States Patent and Trademark
to the Revolution of 1917 that allow
state enterprises to appropriate al-
ethmozine, a drug for treating irregu-
Office. The American team was led
lar heart beats. Du Pont licensed that
by Jules Katz, deputy United States
most any technology and offer only
token compensation in return.
drug in 1974 from the Soviet Govern-
trade representative.
ment.
"If we want to make our economy
free, if we want to build business, we
The advocates of patent reform ac-
knowledge that, with the Soviet econ-
must bear some responsibility" for
protecting inventions, said Edvard P.
omy in its worst crisis in years, they
Peter Wegner for The New York Times
Gavrilov, a professor at the Moscow
face a steep barrier of indifference.
"I cannot steal your watch. Why
"I am afraid most of our leaders con-
Mexico Acts
Institute of the National Economy
and president of the All-Union Patent
should I be able to steal your
sider it of little importance," Profes-
Law Association, a national associa-
idea?" said Prof. Edvard P. Gavri-
sor Gavrilov said. "There are many
tion of patent experts. He added: "I
lov, a Moscow economist who
other burning issues to be considered.
To Sell Banks
cannot steal your watch. Why should I
The specialists have to push - can I
favors a proposed patent law.
be able to steal your idea?"
use the word lobby? - to include this
legislation on their agenda."
MEXICO CITY, July 1 (Reuters)
Effort Begun in 1985
In theory, the Soviet Union has long
President Carlos Salinas de Gortari
As early as 1985, President Mikhail
here by President Bush and Presi-
offered patent protection. In practice,
of Mexico sent a measure to the nan
S. Gorbachev expressed support for
dent Gorbachev.
protection for inventors is all but non-
tion's lawmakers last week to sell the
overhauling the Soviet patent system,
As part of a deal to obtain most-fa-
existent. In addition to those fields
state-owned banking industry, which
Professor Gavrilov said. While the
vored-trade status with the United
that are not regarded as patentable,
was nationalized in 1982, and permit
issue had not received high priority
States, the Soviet. Union pledged to
the law denies patents to anybody
foreign ownership of up to 30 percent.
amid the many economic and politi-
sign an international treaty govern-
who develops a technology that has
The bill would establish three types
cal changes, the State Committee
any relationship at all to work that
of ownership shares, with a minimum
ing copyrights and to provide patent
Inventions and Discoveries, which
person is doing for the Government.
of 70 percent to be held by Mexicans
protection along the lines of Western
oversees the patent system, recently
and foreigners who are legal resi-
laws. The proposed measure is ex-
organized a committee to make
pected to be considered later this
Practice of Awarding Certificates
dents of the country. It also lowers
recommendations. That committee is
year by the Supreme Soviet, the na-
barriers on setting up overseas bank-
In lieu of a patent, the Government
led by Mikhail Gordisky, head of
ing branches in Mexico.
tion's parliament.
awards most people an "inventor's
Soyuzpatent, an arm of the Soviet
Mr. Salinas's announcement
in
The proposal also has strong advo-
Chamber of Commerce.
certificate," which assigns the rights
May that the banks would be re-
cates among Soviet patent experts,
to an invention to the Soviet Govern-
Of particular importance to West-
turned to private hands alarmed
who argue that a new law would help
ment and to any state-owned enter-
ern companies, the proposals would
attract Western capital and tech-
Mexicans wary of the type of manipu,
prises that want to use it. Inventors
do away with provisions of current
nology and enable the Soviet Union to
lations that were rampant before the
are legally entitled to compensation,
law that deem some fields, including
make better use of its rich scientific
banks were privatized at the height.of
but Professor Gavrilov said the sums
pharmaceuticals and chemical pro-
Mexico's debt crisis in 1982.
research. Compared with Japan and
rarely exceed a few hundred dollars.
cesses; simply unpatentable.
To allay such fears, the bill stiffens
West Germany, for example, the
Although the law theoretically lets
The measure received a push last
Soviet Union has few inventions pat-
penalties for bank manipulation and
inventors choose whether to apply for
month in the trade agreement signed
ented in the United States.
restricts the private operations of
a patent or a certificate, 80 percent of
bankers in their own banks.
Photocopy-Preservation
House Panel Votes to Cut Off Bomber
By ERIC SCHMITT
"much more of a longer-term vision
A rebuff to the
WASHINGTON, July 31 - In a blow
than ever before," said Gordon Adams,
director of the Defense Budget Project,
to the Bush Administration, the House
Armed Services Committee voted to-
Pentagon, and a
a research organization here. "Both
sides realize that with the end of the
day
bember and umake deep cuts in the
challenge to the
cold war, the old rules of military
spending don't apply."
'Stat
The action by the committee was its
Senate
The committee voted to slow produc-
tion on several systems, including the
first to eliminate a major weapons sys-
tem. It sets the stage for a battle with
Army's LH helicopter and the Air
Force's C-17 cargo plane and Ad-
the Senate that will almost certainly
tion's proposal for the fiscal year
vanced Tactical Fighter. On the anti-
need to be resolved in a conference
committee.
beginning Oct. 1. The action would set
missile program, the panel proposed
The Senate Armed Services Commit-
military spending at $6 billion less than
cutting nearly $1.6 billion from the Ad-
tee has approved spending for two
what the Senate Armed Services Com-
ministration's proposal, to $2.9 billion.
more Stealth bombers beyond the 15
mitee approved two weeks ago.
The committee also voted to cut
that Congress has already authorized.
The full Senate is expected to vote on
troop strength by 129,500 next year,
The House proposal would end the pro
its committee's proposal this week; the
29,500 more than the Senate panel ap-
gram after the 15 planes are built
House is expected to take up its version
proved, and nearly four times what the
after members return from their Au-
Administration had proposed. The
A Million Trim
House panel approved aid to help peo-
Associated Press
gust recess. Floor fights are likely on a
few issues, including the Stealth bomb-
ple forced out of the armed services, in-
Les Aspin, chairman of the
S
The Pentagon has hailed the bomber,
er.
cluding separation.
House Armed Services Commit-
the B-2, as an essential part of its
strategic arsenal. Opponents of the $63
The two chambers' subcommittees
The most divisive issue, however,
was the decision on the Stealth bomber.
tee, reversed his position last
billion program argue that the Stealth,
on military appropriations, where the
actual money for the military will pro-
The panel rejected, 34 to 20, an amend-
week and said he would oppose
named for its ability to evade radar, is
vided, are expected to act within the
ment by Representative Ike Skelton,
the Stealth bomber program.
not only too expensive but also unnec-
next several weeks
Democrat of Missouri, to approve $200
essary in a time of easing global ten-
Whatever level of spending is finally
million for advanced research costs.
sions and mounting Federal deficits.
approved, it will reflect Congress's
Fate of the Stealth
leaders rallied political support for the
The decision came as the panel was
determination to slash Pentagon
The bomber's fate in the House was
Stealth, his position might fail on the
approving a military budget that would
spending more than at any time in well
probably sealed last week when the
Senate floor or in conference.
shave $24 billion from the Administra-
over a decade Congress is showing
Armed Services Commitee chairman,
Spending on the anti-missile pro-
Les Aspin, reversed his position and
gram, a divisive issue for several
said he would oppose further produc-
years, is shrinking; the only question is
tion.
how much. The Senate Armed Services
Veto Threatened on Phone 'Junk Mail' Bill
The Wisconsin Democrat threw his
Committee pared the Administration's
support to a measure sponsored by
request by nearly $1 billion, to $3.7 bil-
Representatives Ronald V. Dellums,
lion; the House panel today exceeded
Democrat of California, and John R.
that cut, proposing spending of $2.9 bil-
WASHINGTON July 31 (AP)
sachusetts, chairman of the House
Kasich, Republican of Ohio, to stop pro-
lion.
White House officials today threatened
Energy and Commerce Subcommittee
duction after completion of the 15
Floor fights to cut "Star Wars'
a veto of legislation making its way
on Telecommunications and Finance
The legislation was crafted with help
bombers already built or under way.
spending even more deeply are ex-
through Congress aimed at curbing
The measure would allow continued re-
pected in both houses; a growing num-
"junk mail" on fax machines and tele-
from the communications agency, the
search on the aircraft and develop-
ber of lawmakers question the need for
phone answering devices.
telephone industry and the direct mar-
ment of its advanced technology.
a space-based defense when global ten-
Alixe Glen, deputy White House
keting industry, Mr. Markey said.
Mr. Aspin cited three reasons for
sions are diminishing
press secretary, said the measure was
ending production of the B-2, which is
The battles over expensive military
unnecessary. Few people complain
built by the Northrop Corporation.
Rapist Back in Jail
hardware will in large part shape cuts
about the problem, and there are are
First, the cost per plane has risen with
in troop strength for 1991. To reach
already systems to deal with it, she
TAMPA, Fla., July 31 (AP) - A man
the Bush Administration's plans to cut
overall Pentagon spending levels for
said.
who was chased out of several Califor-
production nearly in half, to a total of
next year lawmakers are weighing
By voice vote, the House approved
nia towns three years ago after serving
75 planes. With fewer planes to spread
cuts in weapons against reductions in
legislation on Monday to authorize the
a prison term for raping a teen-ager
the costs of research and development,
personnel, which provide greater sav-
Federal Communications Commission
and chopping off her forearms went
each one would now cost about $840
ings in the short run.
to set up a national listing of telephone
back to jail today when he pleaded no
million, up from $530 million.
subscribers who do not want the unso-
contest to stealing a $10 camera. The
Second, Mr. Aspin said the power to
With several costly new programs
licited messages.
man, Lawrence Singleton, changed his
elude radar detection that gave the
demanding Pentagon spending at
The bill, on which the Senate has not
plea from not guilty to no contest on the
plane its nickname had not been fully
roughly the same time, among them -
acted, would require the F.C.C. to es-
misdemeanor charge this morning and
proved. Finally, he said, the Air Force
the B-2, the Seawolf submarine and the
tablish penalties for advertisers who
was sentenced to 60 days. He continued
has failed to demonstrate that the
Arleigh Burke class of destroyers, law-
fail to abide by the list. Solicitations by
to deny committing the theft and said
bomber would make a "unique and
makers are facing difficult choices.
charitable and political organizations
the charge had resulted from the over-
necessary" contribution to the nation's
"In the past, Congress has been re-
would be exempt.
zealousness of a security guard.
strategic arsenal.
luctant to terminate programs," said
"This legislation empowers consum-
The bomber is still a top priority for
John Isaacs, legislative director of the
ers and businesses with the ability to
Senator Sam Nunn, the Georgia Demo-
Council for a Livable World, an arms
'just say no' to unsolicited telephone
GIVE A CITY CHILD
crat who heads the Senate panel. But
control group here. "Now there's more
advertisements," said Representative
A FRESH AIR SUMMER
Mr. Nunn warned last week that unless
of a tendency to terminate programs
Edward J. Markey, Democrat of Mas-
Administration officials and militarv
outright."
Photocopy-Preservation
C2 SUNDAY, AUGUST 12, 1990
THE WASHINGTON POST
In Search of a Post-Postwar Rhetoric
is thus in our "vital interest." The role of
weak Middle Eastern regimes that are
the threatened Gulf states in the machin-
economically important to us, to cite a sin-
ery of freedom remained, in the logic of
gle historical parallel, it is not much dif-
When President Bush Went to the Oratorical Cupboard, It Was Bare
Bush's address, purely economic.
ferent from the way in which the British
Bush's major rhetorical device, in con-
propped up a tottering Ottoman Empire
structing his argument against aggression,
for decades in the 19th century: A stable
It was in fact a revealing address, one
It doesn't matter whether such a rhet-
was Hitler, whom he evoked by a refer-
Middle East served their material inter-
By Charles Paul Freund
that suggested that, for purposes of iden-
oric of higher purpose reflected a national
ence to "blitzkrieg," by delicately noting
ests.
tity-making, there is little of our tradition-
consensus or sought to create one. It
"the case in the 1930s" (apparently so that
But the rhetoric of higher historical pur-
AMES BAKER last week called the
al mythology to draw on these days, and
doesn't even matter whether any of our
he would not have to say the word, "Ger-
pose, so clearly missing from Bush's
J
mess in Iraq "the first post-postwar
that. implied. potentially larger cultural
various higher, moral purposes actually
many") and by recalling the lessons of ap-
speech, is not a luxury. The ability to in-
crisis," meaning of course that, Pan-
problems ahead.
existed. This is the way great powers do
peasement. In demonizing Iraq's Saddam
fluence events in one's interests comes at
ama notwithstanding, it was the first ma-
Bush cited two reasons for committing
business: by telling themselves they are
Hussein, an eminently demonizable figure,
great cost to a culture, not only. because
jor confrontation of its kind in decades that
military force to Saudi Arabia: that "we
fulfilling their responsibilities to history.
Bush was able to draw on a vital aspect of
maintaining an effective military has be-
would not be played out under the familiar
must resist aggression," a moral imper-
In his Wednesday address, George Bush
American culture: hatred of the bully. Sad-
come fantastically expensive but because
rules of U.S. Soviet gamesmanship. That
was unable to continue in this tradition.
dain Hussein's sudden media Hitlerization
ative; and that the United States "could
citizens will sometimes be called upon to
would make George Bush's speech last
face°a major threat to its economic inde-
The vocabulary that had served so many
was already well underway by the time
risk their own lives. They need to believe
Wednesday, in which he justified his com-
of his predecessors was simply not avail-
Bush spoke, another chapter in a process
pendence," making military commitment a
it's worth the potential sacrifice, and sim-
mitment of U.S. military power to Saudi
able to him. We heard a post-communist
we; have seen several times in recent
practical necessity.
ple material wealth has not often been
Arabia, our first post-postwar rhetorical
political language forming in his speech, a
years involving such figures as "strong-
used to persuade them. Among the rea-
flourish.
0 far, so good. In the political lan-
language in which the moral and the prac-
man" Noriega of Panama, the "fanatical"
S
sons is that those serving in a nation's ar-
guage we have spoken and heard
tical reasons for action become the same
Khomeini of Iran and Libya's "madman"
No small event. Indeed, Bush's opening
mies are rarely the same people who enjoy
throughout our history, our moral
reason. In the current crisis, the aggres-
Gadhafi.
words seemed self-consciously to herald a
that nation's riches. Few people will be
new epoch. "In the life of a nation," he
and practical incentives to action have al-
sion we are resisting is directed not
against an ideal for which we stand, but
tinct. We have not always openly acknowl-
B
ut if Bush set out in his speech "to
willing to die for somebody else's ability to
said, "we're called upon to define who we
ways been presented as separate and dis-
against our wallets.
define who we are and what we be-
heat a bigger house than they'll ever live
are and what we believe."
Bush tried hard to stake out a historical
lieve" in the post-postwar world,
in, or to drive a fancier car.
That call has had a certain enhanced
edged any practical interests we may have
then the portrait he has drawn suggests
Great powers thrive on fulfilling their
had in a given conflict, but we have con-
responsibility that the United States could
urgency since communism limped off
fulfill in the Saudi desert. Saying that
some serious cultural challenges ahead of
perceived historical missions. They have
stage last year, leaving us holding a bag of
sistently defined our military actions in
"America has never wavered when her
us, at least in the absence of yet more dra-
at various times carried out their historic
Cold War assumptions in which we had
terms of a higher historical purpose. We
purpose is driven by principle," Bush sev-
matic changes in the world. Bully-hatred
"mission to civilize," or borne the "white
invested much of America's postwar pol-
have, at various times, used our military
eral times invoked the traditional Amer-
offers obvious cultural satisfactions, but no
man's burden," or spread the "true faith"
itics and culture. Because heads of state
strength to realize our manifest destiny, to
ican battlecry of "freedom." He tied our
one has ever built a national identity on it.
among the "heathen," or assisted history
never draw more heavily on national my-
make the world safe for democracy, to
Saudi commitment to the struggle for
The world is full of bullies, and some of
in creating the "dictatorship of the prole-
thology than when they are dispatching
build an arsenal of democracy against fas-
freedom in Europe in terms of continuing
them are our friends. The ones Bush sug-
tariat." When the consensus belief in that
soldiers to risk their lives, Bush's address
cism and to halt the spread of communism.
Western "stalwartness," and noted gen-
gests deserve to be put in their place are
purpose has been shattered, as happened
stood to be an important indication of the
The last time we committed troops to the
erically that must resist aggression,
those who directly threaten our interests.
to us inVietnam and apparently to the So-
role for which America's political culture
Middle East, for example, Ronald Reagan
or it will destroy our freedoms."
Those interests seem to be devolving to
viets in Afghanistan, great powers have
would begin preparing in the post-commu-
pointedly explained that the Marines were
But Bush's only effort to link Kuwait or
what's in our billfolds.
found their power difficult to wield.
nist world.
in Lebanon, among other reasons, lest the
Saudi Arabia to freedom was to note the
Great powers protecting their material
"Standing up for our principle is an
region "fall into the hands of a power or
West's heavy dependence on Persian Gulf
interests is of course the way the world
American tradition," Bush said Wednes-
Charles Paul Freund is an Outlook editor.
powers hostile to the free world
oil and to declare that Saudi independence
has always worked. When we prop up the
day. He's right. But now what?
Photocopy-Preservation
A14
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL MONDAY, MARCH 20, 1989
REVIEW & OUTLOOK
Perestroika's Political Problems
Before announcing his most ambi-
kolkhoz (collective) and soukhoz
tious installment of perestroika, it
(state farm). It will be possible under
took Mikhail Gorbachev nearly two
Mr. Gorbachev's plan to lease land
hours last Wednesday to describe the
for 50 years and farm it privately or
devastation that has befallen Soviet
cooperatively. Gosagroprom, the farm
agriculture since the 1929-33 collectivi-
superbureaucracy the general secre-
zation of the Soviet Union's peasantry.
tary created in 1985, will be decentral-
The task of fixing Soviet agriculture
ized. Prices farmers can charge to
may be mind-numbing, but West-
distributors will be made more flexi-
erners who are transfixed by the ap-
ble, but retail prices will remain un-
parent liberalizations of glasnost bet-
changed. There is, however, no talk of
ter pay attention to this problem.
real, transferrable property rights.
Glasnost's most important accom-
The peasants are canny enough to'un-
plishment has been more intellectual
derstand that If they can't sell the
freędom within the Soviet Union, a
land, they don't own it.
hopeful sign. Mr. Gorbachev's foreign-
As with the private co-ops, the Gor-
policy initiatives are little more than
bachev farm program at least points
hopeful-sounding propositions. The
Soviet agriculture in the right direc-
Red Army has withdrawn from Af-
tion and may even produce some dis-
ghanistan, though its puppet regime
cernible progress. The fact remains
remains. The cost of the Soviet Em-
that, unlike a normal economic sys-
pire is still enormous, an untapped
tem designed to facilitate wealth pro-
source of funding for internal eco:
duction, Soviet reforms function in-
nomic reform. In all, by now we have
side a system indifferent to or even
few doubts that Mr. Gorbachev is se-
hostile to their success.
rious about substantial reform, but
Party officials and the collectives'
neither he nor glasnost is likely to be
bosses will decide the new parcels'
sustainable without real economic ad-
rent and location. They will control
vances from perestroika.
the availability and cost of financing,
The record to date isn't hopeful.
farm equipment, fertilizers and proc-
Private cooperative enterprises were
essing facilities. They will allocate
introduced with fanfare a year-and-a-
markets. The peasants themselves,
half ago. Some 48,000 concerns
well-schooled in risk aversion, are un-
emerged to fill gaps in the state-con-
likely to jump at the bait, save per-
trolled service and retail sectors, ac-
haps a few gutsy Balts, Kazakhs or
cording to Radio Liberty's John Ted-
Ukrainians. No doubt some especially
strom in Munich. Consumers mobbed
adept private farmers will accumu-
the cooperatives for goods, as did
late wealth, but they've already seen
some profiteers who internally re-ex-
ported products to black markets in
what happened to successful co-op en-
trepreneurs.
regions where the items weren't avail-
able.
Indeed, when the party opposition
succeeded in rolling back the co-op
The co-ops quickly were rolling in
both profits and some consumerist
movement, it seized the opportunity to
cut down glasnost a peg. The co-op
gripes, which attracted political fire
bans extend to the manufacture of
from the reform's opponents. A more
icons and other religious objects; pub-
secure Mr. Gorbachev, of course,
lication of scholarly; artistic or liter-
could have used this opportunity to en-
ary material; making or showing or
courage the opening of even more CO-
distributing films or videos; offering
ops, letting market competition sort
services to the national communica-
out the problems. Instead, the govern-
tions and broadcast networks; and
ment this year issued a series of de-
running schools. For glasnost that's a
crees restricting the co-ops' activi-
bad omen.
ties.
It's also a bad omen for the man
The prohibitions include bans on
who created glasnost and perestroika.
selling jewelry containing precious
If Mr. Gorbachev's domestic policy
metals, foreign-currency dealing and
consists of issuing orders that ulti-
offering certain medical procedures in
private clinics. The medical clinics
mately go nowhere, then most likely
The is going nowhere: No doubt chang-
were especially popular with average
ing the Soviet system is an arduous
Soviet citizens who've endured the
process and Mr. Gorbachev may yet
country's notoriously poor medical
find the means to overcome his oppo-
system, but an estimated 30% of the
nents: His internal difficulties, though;
4,500 private medical clinics are out of
should serve as a cautionary notice to
business.
external admirers who wish to do
Now, perestroika is coming to the
business with him.
Photocopy-Preservation
the
borg
Con-
DINOM
aid
ment
$15 Billion for What?
What would Mikhail Gorbachev's
when asked about Cuba or his appar-
Soviet Union do with $15 billion? This
ently bankrupt treasury's ability to
is the amount of aid that West Ger-
keep sending aid to these other dicta-
many and France would like their
torships?
partners at the Houston economic
The Soviet Union, of course, has a
summit to send to the Soviets While
concrete military presence in both
opponents of aid are arguing, cor-
Cuba and Vietnam: And while the Red
rectly, that the Soviet bureaucracy
Army, on balance, may be out of Af-
would surely waste the money, there
ghanistan, the Soviets continue to rely
is another dimension to this question.
on that country's compliant commu-
What reason is there to believe that
nist government for natural gas. The
most of this $15 billion would spend
Syrian relationship is predicated al-
any time at all in the Soviet Union?
most wholly on continuing purchases
Hard currency is fungible. It can go
from the Soviet arms industry. What-
anywhere, buy anything.
ever the state of play in the external
2:30pm, 7/18
According to figures cited in May
Soviet empire, there is absolutely no
by National Security Adviser Brent
reason why a "helpful" West should
Popadiuk's office
Scowcroft, Soviet transfers to some of
now start transferring hard-currency
its most prominent client states add
aid or credits to a Moscow that can't
up to something over $15 billion, The
and won't promise not to pass along
called -- they can't
Rand Corp. breaks down the Soviet
the money to these pariah nations.
aid disbursements this way:
Fidel Castro to this day continues
Cuba: $5 billion; Afghanistan: $3
to throw into his dungeons opponents
find anything - -
billion; Vietnam: $2.5 billion; Syria
who dare to speak out for democratic
$1.5 billion; North Korea: $1 billion;
reforms. Some of Mr. Gorbachev's
Libya $1 billion; Angola: $1 billion.
former clients in Eastern Europe al-
have talked to people
The total is $15 billion
ready have begun to wind down their
To their credit, President Bush and
long relationship with Fidel. Most re-
Secretary of State Baker have pressed
cently, Czechoslovakia's Vaclav Havel
who wrote speeches,
the Soviet leadership relentlessly on
sent Castro a stiff letter denouncing
the question of its continuing aid to
his continuing human-rights viola-
t-p - NADA
the Cubans And Messrs. Gorbachev
tions. Two days ago, seven Cuban dis-
and Shevardnadze ha been equally
sidents sought asylum at the Czech
Peg
persistent in rebuffing these entreat
Embassy in Havana; there is no ex-
iès This is no small matter.
pectation that Castro will give them
Despite various reports that the So-
exit visas.
viets are unhappy with Castro, there
The West Germans have been
is little concrete evidence that the So-
pressing the hardest in Houston for
viet Union is prepared to step down
aid to the Soviets, and no doubt have
from its relations with Cuba or, for
an interest in linking aid to their unifi-
that matter, with Afghanistan, Viet
cation drive and desire to rid East
nam, Syria and Libya. In no sense is
Germany of Soviet troops. But they
the behavior of these countries conso-
have to understand we also have a
nant with the reformist image that
special interest in the presence of an
Mr. Gorbachev asks the West to ac-
unreformed Stalinist state in our own
cept as genuine.
back yard.
Indeed at the risk of being sniffed
Most likely, the Houston summit
at by our more credulous colleagues
will address the Soviet aid question in
for "old thinking," it should be plain
its communique later today. We hope
that the Soviet Union's relations with
that it shows some understanding that
these states remains rooted in the
at this point in time, putting cash in
Cold War. How come? Why is it that
the Kremlin's hands is not vet a pol-
Mr. Shevardnadze simply cuts off Sec-
icy that is either economically or mor-
retary Baker or Western reporters
ally defensible.
Photocopy-Preservation
Roy L. Prosterman and Tim Hanstad
Fight the Deficit With Estate Taxes
With the federal budget deficit estimated at
Japan, for example, might be expected to yield
that figure has dropped to one-third of 1 per-
more reach the largest 7 percent of estates, and
$169.7 billion for the coming exclusive of
roughly $50 billion a year in incremental reve-
cent-one family out of 300. In Japan, the
with an eye further to achieving the present
the new costs in the Mideast and the huge
nue in the early '90s, enough to make a larger
comparable figure today IS 7.9 percent of es-
Japanese percentage of revenue, 1989 estate-tax
savings and loan bailout-the pressure is on to
dent in the U.S. budget deficit than any of the
tates, nearly the same as the earlier U.S.
revenues would have been $36.1 billion instead
find the "tax revenue increases" that President
taxes now under serious discussion.
percentage. In Japan and England, the amounts
of $6.2 billion. Comparable figures for the '90s
Bush now concedes are necessary to help in
The federal estate tax was reduced sharply, and
exempt from death transfer taxes are roughly
would be about 40 percent higher, because of the
deficit reduction. One tax that has received little
with little media attention, by the Tax Reform Act
$385,000 and $156,000, respectively, much
large increase expected in amounts passing upon
attention in the discussion of possible sources of
of 1976, which among other changes, replaced the
less than the $600,000 allowed in the United
death, yielding a differential of over $40 billion a
new revenues is the federal estate tax, which
former separate deductions for gifts made during
States. Maximum rates in Japan and West Ger-
year versus the present estate tax rules; and
applies to property held at death. Yet, as a tax
life and the taxable estate with a single, unified tax
many (the latter for transfers other than those
parallel gift taxes would yield a further $10
that can target the relatively wealthy and that
credit that has risen to $192,800. The top rates
to children) are 70 percent, versus 55 percent
billion annually. Altogether, the prospect exists
deprives heirs only of money that they have not
also dropped, from 77 percent to a present ceiling
in the United States (set to drop to 50 percent
for additional tax revenue of some $50 billion a
earned, it is a potential source of significantly
of 55 percent. In addition, amounts passed to
in 1993).
year. Moreover, because this is a tax increase on
increased revenue that can command wide-
one's spouse were completely, rather than only
Most telling are the differences in revenue
windfall income, it is not subject to "higher taxes
spread public support.
partially, exempted from taxation. The unified tax
generated by different sets of national rules. In
hurt productivity" allegations.
There are two reasons why estate taxes
credit, at its present level, cancels out the federal
1989, federal estate tax revenues accounted for
Even if federal estate and gift taxes today were
should assume special importance in the present
tax due on an individual estate of $600,000 and
approximately 0.63 percent, or $6.2 billion, out
restored only to their relative significance before
policy debate over new revenue. First, as a
allows both parents combined to pass a $1.2
of total federal tax receipts of $975 billion. Gift
the 1976 daw-about 1.7 percent of federal tax
result of demographics and economic growth,
million estate on to their children tax-free. The
taxes-which are treated with estate taxes as a
receipts-a additional $12 billion of revenue
burgeoning amounts are expected to be passed
net effect of the present rules is that, on a single
single taxation scheme-accounted for a further
would be generated each year in the 1990s. From
to heirs over the coming years, up from an
individual's $1 million estate; federal taxes aver-
0.18 percent, a grand total of 0.81 percent.
both a policy and a revenue perspective, higher Have
estimated total (in constant dollars) of $778
age only $119,800 (state taxes average $33,200);
Before the 1976 law, the combined percentage
estate taxes should clearly be one of the highest
billion during the five years 1987-91, to $1.098
even on a similar amount of taxable income earned
was 1.7 percent of federal tax receipts, or twice
items on the Washington agenda.
2011
trillion in 1992-96. Second, taxes currently
by the recipient the tax burden would be roughly
as high. In Japan, death taxes alone account for
msT
levied on these huge transfers are very modest
twice as great.
3.7 percent of national tax revenues, and before
Roy L. Prosterman is a professor at the
32280
in comparison with those of a number of the
Under the rules in effect before the 1976 law,
Britain made changes in the late '80s, the share
University of Washington School of Law in
allid
other industrialized democracies. A death trans-
7 percent of all estates-one family out of
there was 5.8 percent.
Seattle. Tim Hanstad is a research consultant
SRT
fer tax burden me
with that levied in
14-were subject to the federal estate tax; now
If the U.S. rules had been changed to once
there.
not
Photocopy-Preservation
THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL FRIDAY, AUGUST 31, 1990
A5
"We feel very well represented with
minutes before Dr. Allende's death,
than he deserves.
Chile Is Planning Ceremony to Bury Allende
the popular homage that Salvador Al-
took part in the exhumation and identi-
The overthrow of Dr. Allende by the
lende is going to receive," said his
fication of the remains.
armed forces had widespread backing
widow, Hortensia Bussi de Allende.
'A Date That Divides'
from a public outraged over property
By SHIRLEY CHRISTIAN
Mr. Aylwin and his Cabinet plan to
tion" for the country.
"We don't want to create problems."
confiscations, runaway inflation, short-
attend the Mass for Dr. Allende in the
"As a family, we feel an enormous
After Dr. Allende's death on Sept. 11,
Isabel Allende said that Sept. 4 - the
Special to The New York Times
ages and general chaos. Congress had
SANTIAGO, Chile, Aug. 30 - Chile
Santiago Cathedral on Tuesday and to
responsibility to contribute to the com-
1973, in a palace under bombardment
20th anniversary of the election that
fallen just short of the votes to impeach
ing together of the country and to the
by the armed forces - his personal
brought Dr. Allende to the presidency
will formally bury former President
accompany the coffin to the General
him. Many people, including leaders of
surgeon, who was present, said he had
- had been chosen as the day of the
Salvador Allende Gossens next week in
Cemetery, where it will be placed in a
process of democratic recovery," she
the Christian Democrats, thought Dr.
committed suicide - his body was
burial because the date of his death,
a/ceremony that has revived the con-
new family mausoleum. But the Gov-
said.
Allende's backers were preparing for
buried, without identification, in the
Sept. 11, "is a date that divides" Chile.
troversies surrounding his Govern-
ernment turned down requests for the
Among those irritated by the funeral
some kind of paramilitary uprising.
mausoleum of some of his in-laws in a
Those who criticize the ceremonial
ment and his death in a military coup
remains to be brought to the presiden-
plans was Gen. Augusto Pinochet, the
In the years since then, Dr. Allende's
cemetery in Viña delMar.
occasion have included not ónly army
tial palace en route to the cemetery
Socialists have acknowledged many of
nearly 17 years ago.
army commander, who ruled Chile
Mrs. Allende, whom the military took
officers but also a number of political
the errors of his Government but have
The Allende family and the Govern-
and to declare a day of national mourn-
from the coup until Mr. Aylwin's inau-]
to the brief burial service before put-
leaders from parties of the right and
denied the charge that they were
ment of President Patricio Aylwin, à
ing.
guration last March. Almost as soon as
ting her on a plane for exile in Mexico,
center-right that supported the Pino-
preparing to take up arms.
Christian Democrat who was a strident
Although critics have charged that
the family began to talk of the funeral
said she was denied permission to open
chet Government.
opponent of Dr. Allende's Socialist-
the funeral will be manipulated politi-
plans_ a month ago, the army an-
the coffin and confirm that her hus-
They claim that it will be used to
Communist coalition Government,
cally by Allende supporters, Isabel AI-
nounced that it would render no mili-
band's body was inside.
push the country, particularly Mr. Ayl-
have tried to balance the ceremony in a
lende, one of the former President's
tary honors to Dr. Allende:
Two weeks ago, the former Presi-
win and the Christian Democrats, into
THE FRESH AIR FUND:
way that will render homage. without
daughters, said it was intended to fit
But the family said it had not re-
dent's Health Minister, Dr. Arturo
revaluating the Allende Government
114TH SUMMER
angering the army.
within the "framework of reconcilia-
quested military honors.
Jirón, who had fled the palace just
and giving him a better place in history
Photocopy-Preservation)
A20 FRIDAY, OCTOBER 5, 1990
THE WASHINGTON POST
Soviets Said to Be Removing Arms From Europe Before Treaty
tiations continue but must cease af-
effort "points up
the signifi-
power on the continent and back
artillery pieces, 30,000 armored
By R: Jeffrey Smith
Washington Post Staff Writer
ter the new treaty takes effect.
cance of getting an agreement in
our hopes for lasting stability."
combat vehicles and 2,000 helicop-
Secretary of State James A. Bak-
principle" Wednesday on the treaty
Baker and others noted that the
ters. He declined to specify a num-
The new East-West treaty on
er III said yesterday that nations
provisions, ensuring that the treaty
West had informed the Soviets this
ber for combat aircraft, explaining
conventional forces in Europe will
belonging to the former Warsaw
will be signed as planned in two
week of its weapons redeployments
that it "is still subject to some dis-
require destruction of far fewer So-
Pact military alliance will have to
months and abbreviating the period
in Europe, including shipments of
cussion with allies on both sides."
viet weapons than once anticipated
destroy 19,000 tanks under the ac-
in which the Soviets can legally
modern U.S. arms to allies whose
Baker also said the treaty would
because Moscow has withdrawn
cord. That number is roughly
move their forces in the area.
weapons will be destroyed under
allow roughly two-thirds of the
many of its forces from the region
13,000 fewer Soviet tanks than
Other officials said Soviet For-
the accord. "We are trying to en-
tanks, artillery and combat vehicles
covered by accord before it takes
NATO officials predicted last year
eign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze
sure that the oldest weapons get
on each side to be owned by the
effect, U.S. and diplomatic officials
eventually would have to be de-
and his aides had provided assur-
replaced with the newest" to gain
United States and the Soviet Union,
said yesterday.
stroyed. Officials said the difference
ances that Moscow is not attempt-
maximum efficiency from the arse-
while 75 percent of the combat hel-
A U.S. military official said the
is caused by the smaller number of
ing to develop a new "strategic re-
nal allowed to remain, a senior U.S.
icopters could be owned by one of
Soviets had redeployed "tens of thou-
tanks now in the zone between the
serve" of conventional, or non-
official said. "This means, for exam-
the superpowers. Under the treaty,
sands" of arms east of their Ural
former inter-German border and
nuclear, arms east of the Urals, and
ple, that we will probably get rid of
the Western forces are those held
Mountains in what appears to be a
the Soviet Urals.
pledged that some of the weapons
all the Portuguese tanks and give
by the 16 nations belonging to
deliberate effort to exempt them
Asked about the Soviet arms
being deployed there would be uni-
them some new ones."
NATO, while the Eastern forces
from the treaty provisions. The un-
movements, Baker said, "we have
laterally destroyed.
Baker said at a White House
are those of the six nations that
regulated movement of tanks, artil-
asked for and been receiving some
President Bush said yesterday
news conference that the treaty
once belonged to the Warsaw Pact
M
lery, planes and armored combat ve-
accountings with respect to what
that the treaty "would decisively
would limit Eastern and Western
plus the forces remaining on former
a
hicles is permitted while the nego-
they are doing.' He said the Soviet
improve the balance of military
forces each to 20,000 tanks, 20,000
East German territory.
Photocopy-Preservation
9/27/90
Sequester Chaos?
Washington just relived a famous
gency powers under the existing
scene from an Indiana Jones movie
Anti-Deficiency Act White House
Shrouded in black, the bad guy bran
budget officials are probably now re
dished his scimitar expertly, seem-
viewing which workers are essential
ingly poised to do great damage to
and which can be sent home. The Rea
our hero. Jones shrugged, pulled out
gan administration went through this
his gun, and shot the villain down.
drill when it kept essential workers on
This is about what happened to
even after vetoing continuing resolu-
stunned Members of Congress on
tions. Military personnel, the FBI and
Tuesday when New Hampshire Sun
federal prison guards are clearly nec-
unu pulled out a copy of the Anti-Defi-
essary to protect life and property.
ciency Act.
Congressional staffers most likely
The White House Chief of Staff an-
come under a different heading. Some
nounced that if there is no budget
things, of course, cannot be protected:
deal, President Bush is ready to veto
It's hard to imagine the threat to life
any continuing resolution and go di-
or property from closing down the of
rectly to the Gramm-Rudman budget
fice that sends out Congress's franked
cuts. There will be no melodramatic
mail.
apocalyse for the evening newscasts
There are some other improve-
because Mr. Bush, under his authority
ments Mr. Bush could make to the
in' the Anti-Deficiency Act, can man-
distribution of cuts under Gramm-
age the sequester to avoid chaos.
Rudman. Education, Labor and the
EPA are among the agencies sched-
As we wrote Tuesday, the Anti-De-
uled for sequester cuts of less than
ficiency Act is the law that says Con-
5%. Maybe when a budget is eventu-
gress must approve all government
ally passed these agencies can con-
expenditures, but with one huge ex-
tribute to a fund to pay air traffic con-
ception: The President can order ex-
trollers.
penditures in cases of emergency in-
The Monday deadline for Gramm-
volving the safety of human life or the
Rudman is where separation-of-
protection of property. This gives
powers hits the rubber As the law is
Mr. Bush great discretion to keep pay-
now written, the nation must rely ini
ing essential government workers
tially for the efficient operation of
even when Congress fails to write a
government on the timely and respon-
budget
sible functioning of the legislative pro-
Mr. Sununu took to Capitol Hill a
cess, Mr. Civiletti wrote in his
12-page interpretation of the Anti-Defi-
memo. The Constitution and the
ciency Act written by Jimmy Carter's
Anti-Deficiency Act itself leave the
Attorney General, Benjamin Civiletti,
Executive leeway to perform essen
in 1981. The end-is-nigh media reports
tial functions and make the govern
warn that Gramm-Rudman would
ment workable.
mean havoc in the skies from fewer
There is fine justice in the prospect
air-traffic controllers; a vegetarian
of Congress losing control over the
diet for Americans from the furlough-
budget because of its recidivist failure
ing of meat inspectors, the rending of
to pass budgets within legal deadlines.
garments, and the weeping and gnash-
Mr. Bush has every right and even an
ing of teeth. Nonsense. As examples of
obligation to use his Anti-Deficiency
where "life" or "property" are so at
Act powers to avoid any mindless se-
risk that the President can keep peo-
quester. Congress can agree to a
ple at their jobs, Mr. Civiletti's memo
budget that guarantees spending cuts
cited air traffic and meat inspection.
and creates incentives for economic
There is nothing in Gramm-Rud-
growth. Or it can watch Mr. Bush
man that limits the President's emer-
solve the budget deficit on his own.
Photocopy-Preservation
THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, AUGUST 28, 1990
A21
FOREIGN AFFAIRS
New Isolationism, Same Old Mistake
Flora Lewis
munity of nations is joining to repulse
visionary schemes. Thanksin partito
By Joshua Muravchik
time when the U.S. can relinquish the
of
an unmistakable act of aggression -
years we
prerogative of acting unilaterally to
just as President Woodrow Wilson
in
WASHINGTON
Our last
were fighting for our lives:
defend its interests or principles is
hoped it would when he dreamed up
In our collective memory, Wilson's
not yet on the horizon.
0
far, the chief critics of
the League of Nations. When we
SO.
President Bush's bold
recognize in Mr. Bush's policy the
bout with
idealism shares blame equally with
But where Mr. Bush is right, as was
isolationism for that disaster. The
Wilson, is on the principle of investing
military action in the
heritage of that liberal Democratic
system of collective security that he
America's power in the effort to fash-
6-
Middle East are not lib-
president, whose name is synony-
erals but conservatives
mous with avoolly headed idealism,
that approach
sired came crashing down as soon as
ion an environment congenial to our
it was tested by the Japanese in Man-
such as Patrick Bu-
we begin to understand why the Bu-
ended at
long-term safety by enforcing a
churia and then by Mussolini in Abys-
modiocum relations
-JI chanan, Robert Novak and Edward
chanans, Nunns and Novaks are
sinia. But was Wilson's vision faulty?
91 Luttwak-yesterday's most redoubt-
alarmed.
Or did the fault lie with the isolation-
among states. An implicit assumption
in able hawks and interventionists.
They see themselves not as isola-
Pearl Harbor.
is that we cannot know what threats
ists who, by keeping- America out of
21 Strangenew world!
tionists but as realists. They don't
the League of Nations, made collec-
may lurk in the post-Communist-
95 The sudden disappearance of the
want to spend American treasure and
tive security a hollow shell while the
world any more than we could fore-
cold war has pulled the rationale out
lives unless clear American interests
aggressors gathered strength?
see in 1920 the strength.of Nazism or
97 from under the internationalist for-
are at stake. With the collapse of
American action shows how close to
Today's United Nations-sponsored
Communism: A corollary is that our
** eign policy that America has pursued
Soviet power, however, the difference
isolationist their sensibility is.
mission to restore Kuwait's inde-
abdication will encourage such
as for 40 years. With a victory over Com-
between realism and isolationism is
The last time America found itself
pendence is giving the idea of collec-
threats to grow.
munism behind us, why care what
evaporating. When America is the
in such an impregnable situation was
Thanks to
The realist-isolationists would
to happens to the Emirate of Kuwait?
world's only superpower, nothing
in the immediate aftermath of World
forceful American leadershipgthe ef-
rather bask in our status as the sole
-ic
One answer is oil, but the larger an-
threatens us directly.
War I. The Kaiser had been defeated
fort is likely to succeed. Without it,
surviving superpower and avoid the
Iis swer that has resonated in President
All plausible threats are indirect
New democracies were being erected
the U.N. would be as feckless as the
risk and expense of policing the
HE Bush's statements is collective se
and most are a lot more remote than
on the ruins of old empires. Mussolini
League was in the 1930's.
world. There will be time enough to
211 curity. No longer divided automati-
the prospect of a belligerent, anti-
and Hitler were a couple of marginal
Success will set à valuable prece-
act, they will say, when some local-
36 cally along East-West lines, the com-
Western tyrant gaining hegemony
eccentrics. Bolshevism scared some
dent. But a single case will not prove
quarrel or bully grows large enough
12
over the world petroleum trade. That
people; but most regarded it as an
that collective security can become
to present a clear danger to us. And
a Joshua Muravchik is resident scholar
even such stakes as these leave the
aberration. No wonder our isolation
the basis ofworkorder; and the U.N.
so there was after the attack on Pearl
00 at the American Enterprise Institute
conservative realists skeptical of
ists succeeded in defeating Wilson's
charter more than a dead letter. The
Harbor, too.
ES
ital-gains rate sum- accept- Summit August locked words start recess, rather in the the bashingo good prospects. not
Photocopy-Preservation
Rowland Evans and Robert Novak
10/5/90
Charles Krauthammer
Bush Backs Off
And Stumbles
While acknowledging no policy change, Presi-
ered Bush's virtual "war policy" has embarrass-
As usual, Margaret Thatcher had it right. On her
was trying to create any linkage between the occupa-
"dent Bush is undermining private predictions by
ingly revealed itself to the White House on
recent U.N. visit, she stated Western aims in the Gulf:
tion of Kuwait and the Arab-Israeli dispute. There is,
Saudi war: hawks and the Pentagon's "surgical
several occasions during the buildup to the
not just unconditional Iraqi withdrawal from Kuwait,
after all, something bizarre about suggesting that
strike" brigade that the United States will start war
250,000 American troops soon to be in or near
but reparations for the devastation and punishment for
when one Moslem country swallows another, the
against Iraq on on about Oct. 18, the dark night of
the Persian Gulf. An impeccable administration
the criminals who ordered the invasion
Jews should be asked to pay the price. But surely the
the Persian Gulf's next new moon.
source told us that the Navy made a serious
Thatcher's point is that this is more than just a
president is not SO naive as to believe that his speech
Bush has seemed surreptitious in moving away
mistake in loading the Fourth Marine Expedition-
fight for cheap oil, It is also a fight for a principle:
did not broadcast a signal to Baghdad: withdraw
from what has long been eyed by Saudi insiders,
ary Brigade in East Coast ports last month. Short
aggression doesn't pay. and. worse it gets punished.
today, be rewarded tomorrow.
and a few eager Pentagon generals, as the first
of Navy supply ships, called sealift, because of its
If that lesson is delivered early, the post-Cold War
After all, what does a "diplomatic" solution mean
likely date to start bombing Saddam Hussein out
insistence on building aircraft carrier task forces
eracould turn into a long era of peace.
if not a bargain in which both sides come out with
of Kuwait and maybe out of Iraq. That would be
the past decade, the Navy overloaded its boats
George Bush had been struggling for weeks
something? Yet the whole premise of American
followed by reinstatement of the Kuwaiti emir as
carrying the Marines and their equipment.
make this principled case, Then Monday at the U.N.
policy has been that aggression cannot get any
the legitimate ruler.
The Marines could not possibly have mounted
he seriously undermined it with a vacillating offer of
reward-hence Thatcher's insistence on repara-
But however veiled, Bush's move is real. His
tions and war crimes trials-or it will be repeated.
a landing operation against Iraq from the Persian
"diplomatic" Gulf solution. In the aftermath of
U.N. speech this week muffled war drums. It
Gulf because of their extraneous baggage. That,
Iraq's unconditional departure from Kuwait," he
Is that not what Bush's vaunted post-Cold War
suggested a diplomatic solution to border problems
not the advertised "training exercise," was the
declared, "I truly believe there may be opportunities
order is about?
after Saddam Hussein quits Kuwait. It even hinted
real reason the 13,000-strong brigade landed on
for Iraq and Kuwait to settle their differences."
It is not good enough to say I didn't mean it. The
at wrapping the Arab-Israeli dispute and trying
the beaches of Oman this week: the brigade and
What can this possibly mean? Before Aug. 2,
administration also says it didn't mean the signals it
for a wider Mideast settlement.
its weapons had to be unloaded and properly
Kuwait tried desperately to settle its differences with
sent to Saddam before the invasion. But they did their
Bush's speech got a sympathetic hearing in
"combat-loaded" before taking up its designated
Iraq by negotiation. Iraq answered with invasion.
damage. The State Department, down to Ambassa-
unlikely quarters. Two days later, the lead editorial
Bush's gesture can only be a signal to Iraq that after
dor April Glaspie, met Saddam's bullying with a
station in the Persian Gulf.
in the New York Post, one of Israel's truest
withdrawal it can return to demands for the Rumaila
sympathy and an acquiescence that could only be
No one had envisioned this mistake, which
supporters, said war, Israel's favored solution,
oil fields, Bubiyan Island, a chunk of the Kuwaiti
taken as encouragement. Saddam concluded, reason-
delayed the brigade getting on station by almost
might be avoided by emulating President Kennedy
treasury and a say in Kuwait's government.
ably, that swallowing Kuwait would elicit no Ameri-
in the 1962 Cuban missile crisis. That would mean
one month, but there have been others. When
But surely after its aggression, Iraq can have no
can response. An administration with such a sorry
Gen. H. Norman Schwarzkopf ordered the Navy
getting Iraq out of Kuwait, imposing rigorous
more claims against Kuwait than Germany can have
history of signal-sending should be more careful
control over Iraqi armaments and permitting Sad-
to program cruise missiles on the battleship
against the Sudetenland. On the contrary. Kuwait now
about creating linkages it later denies.
dam, like Fidel Castro, to retain power,
Wisconsin to take out key Iraqi targets, the Navy
has serious claims against Iraq. Otherwise, how have
If this week's signal was wrong, the timing was
said it would take about a month: CIA and
Presidential aides deny any change in policy,
we deterred the next thug from invading, withdrawing
worse. Just a week earlier, Soviet Foreign Minister
but insiders trace a subtle shift to several
Defense Intelligence Agency spy cameras. had
from, then negotiating with his neighbor?
Eduard Shevardnadze had delivered a stern warning
sources. The Soviet Union has alarmed the Unit-
failed to take the photographs needed to compose
Bush went on to offer Saddam another reward for
to Saddam to get out of Kuwait or else. The Security
ed States with a warning that it wants a non-war
electronic tertain "maps" to guide the missiles to
good behavior. Iraqi withdrawal, he declared, would
Council had voted an air blockade. Under American
Photocopy-Preservation
solution and will go to the mat in the United
their targets.
create the (opportunity to settle the Arab-Israeli
direction, the world was closing in on Saddam.
Nations against Bush if he starts war without
Such mishaps baffled and angered senior plan-
conflict. For two months Saddam had been trying to
Throughout the crisis all the players have taken
clear provocation and without U.N. approval.
ners. They also alerted Bush's men to the fact
lend legitimacy to his seizure of Kuwait by linking it
their lead from the United States. Our message, up
Moscow's smart initial support of Bush in the
that in the actual prosecution of war, similar
to Israel's occupation of the West Bank. For two
to then consistent. had been that Saddam had two
Gulf crisis gives it leverage. It gets more from
mistakes would probably be unavoidable and pos-
months Bush had resisted the linkage. Now he is
choices-withdrawal or war. It is an important
France and other European powers that have
sibly a lot worse. That multiplies presidential
sending a signal to Saddam that playing his cards
message, because only if it is believed is there any
backed the United States against Saddam with
doubts about the quick, bloodless victory predict-
right could, with American assistance, make him a
chance that Saddam will choose withdrawal.
money (but few troops). They support the Mos-
ed by some of America's Arab allies and Pentagon
hero of Palestine.
Now that Bush has wavered, others are following
cow warning. If Bush moved alone, he might face
advocates of the efficacy of air power
The linkage between Iraq's occupation of Kuwait
suit. Tuesday, the Saudi foreign minister delivered a
a blast from the United Nations.
Bush's caution is matched by a stream of warn-
and Israel's occupation of the West Bank is fraudu-
speech at the U.N. that was one long linkage between
Bush is also said to be painfully aware that
ings from top-level, military players no longer in
lent. The correct analogy is between the two victims
Kuwait and Palestine. On the same day, the chief of
hopeful, early predictions of Saddam's vulnerability
office. One warning, known to be under close study
of aggression, Kuwait in 1990 and Israel in 1967,
the Soviet General Staff delivered a firm warning to
to political enemies in Baghdad have not yet been
by some of Gen. Powell's key aides, was written by
both victims of war begun by powerful neighbors
the United States against contemplating war.
borne out. In addition, cautious Pentagon brass led
retired Lt. Gen. William Odom, who played a major
explicitly intent on wiping them off the map. The
Wall Street got the message too. In two days after
by Gen. Colin Powell, chairman of the Joint Chiefs;
role in setting up former President Carter's Rapid
only difference is that Kuwait lost the war and is
the president's speech, the price of oil fell $5.50 on
never did agree with the ousted Air Force chief,
Deployment Force for the Gulf. Odom compares
indeed being eradicated. Israel fought and won.
rising hopes of a "diplomatic" solution.
Gen. Michael Dugan, that surgical bombing would
the forecasts of quick, bloodless victory over Sad-
To compare the resulting unsought Israeli occupa-
Were they overreading the president? Hardly. In
produce quick, bloodless victory.
dam to the spirit of Union forces just before their
tion of the West Bank to Iraq's deliberate and
the Middle East all communication is by signal and
To the contrary, Bush is known to have been
rout by the Confederates at Bull Run.
unprovoked seizure of Kuwait is pure "cynicism.
code word. The Middle East is a semiotic minefield
warned to expect a possibly high body-bag count.
"It was going to be a turkey shoot," Odom
Saddam is engaged in systematically pillaging, depop-
where a misplaced nuance can break a policy or bring
That is increasing pressures from his political
wrote. In his new mood, George Bush is going to
ulating and destroying Kuwait as a society. Israel
down a government. This administration, we are
advisers to go easy in stepping into a war that
be mighty careful about buying any 1990-style
controls the West Bank, but has left it socially,
told, is composed of big boys who know this well. If
could undermine his presidency.
"turkey shoot."
economically and culturally intact.
so, they should watch their language. If they don't
The slippery terrain of what had been consid-
c 1990, Creators Syndicate Inc.
After his speech, President Bush denied that he
mean what they say, they shouldn't say it.
INTERNA
Black Humor and Dreams of Baseball
Help Hostages Pass the Time in Iraq
By TONY HORWITZ
could, including the 1976 World Series.
Staff Reporter of THE WALL STREET JOURNAL
"I would have been at this one, too," he
BAGHDAD, Iraq-Vernon Nored settles
sighs, watching the Reds pile up runs in
deep into the sofa, cracks a Tuborg beer
game one. Another video atop the TV Is of
and switches on the television just as Eric
his daughter's first birthday party back in
Davis steps to the plate in game one of
Ohio, Iraqi TV isn't SO entertaining. "Nor-
the World Series.
mally, all we see is Saddam," he says,
The Cincinnati Reds' hitter swats a ball
Early in the crisis, there also was a nightly
deep to center field. "It's outta there!"
Iraqi show called "guest news," which
Mr. Nored shouts, spilling his beer. "No
showed interviews with the hostages and
doubt about it!"
focused on the comfortable quarters in
The home run was hit three weeks ago.
which they live.
But Mr. Nored, an avid Reds fan and U.S.
Like most hostages, Mr. Nored spends
engineer held hostage in Iraq, has just re-
hours mulling over the circumstances that
ceived a tape of the Series from his wife in
landed him here, and "what ifs" that
Ohio. "I'm pretending I don't know who
might have landed him elsewhere. He ar-
won," he says. Outside, an armed guard
rived in Kuwalt in mid-June, on temporary
patrols the high wall around the compound
assignment, and was due to leave In Au-
that Mr. Nored shares with a dozen other
gust, soon after Iraq invaded. He speaks
hostages. "I can identify with Pete Rose
no Arabic, isn't particularly interested in
this year," he says of the former Reds'
the Middle East, and can't make much
manager, who watched the Series from a
sense of his predicament. "That's just the
prison in Illinois.
way things go down," he says.
The three-month-old Persian Gulf crisis
He cracks another Tuborg and turns his
is starting to take a toll on the estimated
gaze to the TV. By the seventh-inning
2,500 foreign hostages in Iraq. In the weeks
stretch, the score is 7-0. Mr. Nored has
just after Iraq's Invasion of Kuwait, many
scheduled his viewing of the other three
assumed their release was imminent. "I
games for the rest of November.
had my bags packed, waiting for the phone
"The Reds are gonna take this Series,"
call, says a British oil worker. Now, he
he says, "no doubt about It."
and 60 other hostages living in tents at the
British Embassy are digging trenches that
they hope will offer protection against
stray shrapnel.
"If the bombs come, we're sitting at
What most hostages find hardest to
ground zero," the oil worker says of the
bear is their isolation. Foreign newspapers
embassy, which straddles the Tigris River
are unavailable; overseas phone calls take
at Baghdad's center. As a bit of black hu-
hours to place and usually are limited by
mor, the hostages have propped plastic
operators to 10 minutes. Hostages listen
machine guns before each trench. And
hourly to short-wave radio broadcasts, for
with characteristic British pluck, they hold
any hint that freedom-or fireworks-is
cricket matches each Friday on the em-
imminent: Morale is SO low that many say
bassy's wide lawn, clapping politely as
even war is preferable to the limbo they'r
white-uniformed batsmen pock balls into
now In. "If it's going to happen, let it hap-
the bougainvillea.
pen," says an Italian oil consultant, Paolo
The hostages in Baghdad know they are
Palazzotto; "I can't read. I can't concen-
the lucky ones. More than 600 others are
trate. I feel like a frozen vegetable.
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL TUESDAY. NOVEMBER 1990
being held at strategic. sites outside the
Mr. Nored keeps sane by filling his days
city, as human shields against U.S. bombs.
with small chores. He does a bit of mainte-
Photocopy-Preservation
The rules governing exactly who is seized
nance around the embassy. He tries to
and who isn't remain unclear, so many de-
keep a diary but finds "there's nothing to
tainees In Baghdad don't leave their com-
put In It." He writes to his uncle, whom he
pounds for fear of being picked up. "I'm
hopes can unearth documents about a 19th
taking this in flve-minute stretches,' says
century forebear from Saudi Arabia.
a hollow-eyed man from Colorado. "How
Americans who can prove Arab ancestry
can I fill the next five minutes? And the
generally have been released, though em-
five after that?" His latest time-killer is a
bassy officials say Mr. Nored-black, Ro-
frayed copy of "Clear and Present Dan-
man Catholic, and a longtime employee of
ger," a fat novel he's read before. Asked
the Army Corps of Engineers-Isn't Ilkely
what he craves most, the Coloradan an-
to be granted his freedom.
swers: Eleven convenience stores.
Mr. Nored also spends hours answering
"They have Haagen-Dazs Ice cream
dozens of letters sent by his aunt's fourth-
and Doritos and newspapers and tele-
grade class in Cincinnati. "I have a dog
phones," he says with a dreamy smile. "In
and a brother, 10 fish, two parents and a
one stop you can do all the things you can't
boyfriend," writes a nine-year-old girl. "I.
do here."
hope you are free soon. Thinking of you.
Sincerely, Molly."
In fact, physical privation is the least of
Most letters mention the Reds, a matter
the hostages' problems. Most are billeted
of keen personal Interest to Mr. Nored. "I
at diplomatic quarters and luxury hotels,
used to live in the ballpark," says the
with swimming pools, tennis courts and
heavy-set 45-year-old, who sold lemonade
ample supplies of food and alcohol. The ho-
tel-bound hostages find themselves eating
and peanuts at the ballpark as a young-
ster, and later parked cars there. As an
breakfast beside journalists and govern-
adult, he went to as many games as he
ment delegations who are free to leave
when they please. "Are you a visitor or a
long-term guest?" inquires the check-in re-
Montedison Asset Swap
ceptionist at the five-star Al Rasheed,
MILAN, Italy-Italian chemicals con-
which has an ironie-advertising motto stat-
cern Montedison S.p.A. said Its Ausimont
ing: "It is more than a hotel
N.V. unit completed a previously an-
In the cramped diplomatic quarters,
nounced asset swap with Atochem S.A., a
middle-aged men must share bedrooms
unit of France's state-controlled oil group
and kitchen duties with strangers. "It's
Elf Aquitaine S.A.
like being at summer camp, with Saddam
Under the terms of the swap, Atochem's
as counselor," says the Coloradan. Even
North American unit will give Auslmont its
so, hostages have, for the most part, hung
fluoropolymers facility located In Thoro-
together. When Iraqi President Saddam
fare, N.J., as well as unspecified techno-
Hussein said five of nine Finns could go
logical and marketing rights connected
home, the group drew lots to decide who
with the plant. In return, Atochem will
stayed and who went. And when 14 U.S.
gain control of Ausimont's organic perox-
hostages were released In October, many.
Ides production unit located near the Ital-
others gathered at the embassy to see
ian town of Marengo.
them off, saving their tears and cries of
anger until waiting cars left for the air-
port.