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Aging, 1967-72 (2)
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Gerald R. Ford Congressional Papers
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The original documents are located in Box D58, folder "Aging, 1967-72 (2)" of the Gerald
R. Ford Congressional Papers at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
Copyright Notice
The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of
photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald R. Ford donated to the
United States of America her copyrights in all of her husband's unpublished writings in National
Archives collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official
duties are in the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or
organizations are presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed
in the PDF is subject to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential
Library.
Some items in this folder were not digitized because it contains copyrighted
materials. Please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library for access to
these materials.
Communications Division
Oderly
REPUBLICAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE 310 FIRST STREET, SOUTHEAST, WASHINGTON, D.C. 20003 Sept. 4, 1972
TALKING
PAPER
***OLDER AMERICANS**
President Nixon has demonstrated in his proposals and programs that the
nation's responsibilities to older Americans have been too long neglected. He
is aware of the wealth of diversity and talent in this generation, and he is
aware, too, of the special problems older Americans encounter in today's fast
changing society.
President Nixon last year called the White House Conference on Aging and,
in his special message to Congress in March 1972, he pledged a "year of action"
on behalf of older Americans.
Fifty-two percent of older Americans must live on Social Security and pensions.
The President has increased Social Security benefits 51 percent since 1969. In
addition he has:
-- Provided automatic cost of living increases in benefits;
-- Proposed that windows receive 100 percent of their deceased husbands'
federal benefits (they now receive 82 percent); and
-- Proposed tax incentives to encourage broader coverage by private
pension plans and laws to guarantee sound administration of pension funds.
One part of President Nixon's welfare reform package would provide an income
floor for older Americans that would substantially eliminate poverty in this
group. Although the proposal has been pending for 3 years, the Democrat-controlled
Congress has not acted.
Congress also has not acted upon President Nixon's Revenue Sharing proposal
which would relieve fiscal pressures on states and localities, allowing them to
provide property tax relief -- a matter of concern to all Americans, but especially
those living on fixed incomes.
President Nixon also has made proposals to Congress to allow a single
person 65 or over to receive up to $5,100 in tax free income. A married
couple, both 65 or over, would be allowed to receive about $8,000 in tax
free income under the President's tax reform plan.
The quality of nursing home care for our nation's elderly also is of
concern to the President. One year ago he initiated an eight-point program
to upgrade nursing home care and insure enforcement of standards necessary
for older Americans to spend their retired years in comfort and health.
President Nixon does not believe that people must or should end their
contributions to society just because they are 65 or over. He has proposed
legislation to open federal volunteer programs to older Americans and he has
doubled the funding for several public service job projects for the elderly.
In the area of private employment President Nixon has proposed broadened
coverage of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act to include state and
local governments, and has directed the Secretary of Labor to expand
employment opportunities for persons 65 or over.
These actions constitute a positive momentum toward a better life for older
persons in this country -- a momentum the President intends to sustain.
###
(NOTE: Utilize local offset printers, mimeograph machines or xerox machines
to reproduce this Talking Paper for further distribution during the campaign.)
Communications Division
REPUBLICAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE, 310 FIRST STREET, SOUTHEAST, WASHINGTON, D.C. 20003 Sept. 4, 1972
TALKING
PAPER
***REVENUE SHARING*
For the past 40 years there has been a one-way flow of power to Washington
in terms of federal control and tax dollars. The federal budget alone has
grown from $4.6 billion in 1933 to almost $250 billion in fiscal 1973.
Revenue sharing is President Nixon's answer to this one-way flow of power
away from states and cities. The idea is to put federal resources into more
hands and give others more chance to innovate and create new ways to solve problems.
Revenue sharing also is the President's answer to the plea from local
authorities for more funds. Our cities and states are facing a fiscal crisis
which local tax sources can no longer meet. Between 1948 and 1969, for example,
state and local debt rose from $19 billion to $135 billion.
President Nixon would institute revenue sharing in two forms - General and
Special Revenue Sharing.
General Revenue Sharing -- now passed by the House and awaiting Senate action--
would distribute $5.3 billion in the first full year of operation and increase
as states made greater efforts to utilize their existing tax sources. By 1977
this fund would amount to nearly $30 billion in money returned to states and cities
over the five-year period.
General Revenue Sharing meets the two immediate problems facing state and
local governments. First, it provides funds virtually immune from complicated
and restricted federal requirements that have so long plagued programs offered
from Washington.
The money may be used for any purpose states or localities designate -- from
public safety and transportation to environmental protection and sewage collection.
Second, General Revenue Sharing will provide immediate tax relief.
States and localities will be able to supplement their own revenue sources
or reform their tax systems with these added funds.
Through Special Revenue Sharing, President Nixon has proposed a revamping
of the government's myriad of grant programs that restrict states and localities
in meeting often unigue local problems. He proposes that the federal government
replace 130 federal categorical grant programs with more than $12 billion
in six defined areas. States and local governments could then determine how
best to use federal funds to tackle their problems.
The six areas in Special Revenue Sharing are:
Elementary and secondary education ($3.2 billion);
Transportation ($2.8 billion);
Urban development ($2.3 billion);
Manpower training ($2 billion);
Rural development ($1.1 billion); and
Law enforcement ($900 million).
Congress has yet to act on these six Special Revenue Sharing bills.
Taken together, General and Special Revenue Sharing can help right the
inbalance that has existed for too long in the federal system. They would help
restore power to the people where they need it most -- at the local level.
Much of the inefficiency, duplication and delay connected with federal programs
would be eliminated. And the $8 billion "revenue gap" at the state and local
level that existed in 1971 would be narrowed.
In short, President Nixon's Revenue Sharing plan would revitalize government
and strenghten the federal system.
###
(NOTE: Utilize local offset printers, mimeograph machines or xerox machines to
reproduce this Talking Paper for further distribution during the campaign.)
ORDER FORM FOR RNC ISSUE PAMPHLETS
ERIC
the to
The 1972 presidential campaign will be waged on the
issues and the voters demand to know where the
candidates stand.
A series of issue pamphlets, prepared by the Republican
National Committee, is available that gives President
Nixon's record on the vital foreign and domestic con-
cerns before the country in the '70s. These two-color,
one-page, legal-size publications are designed for easy,
inexpensive reproduction by any local, offset printer.
You can also order copies in bulk from the Republican
National Committee's printer in Washington, D.C.
Check the pamphlet and quantity desired below and
mail your order to:
Fontana Lithographers
1937 47th Avenue, NE
Washington, D.C. 20027
Ith. ations Help. ations TH PRESII Agriculture
lder h.Young Revenue Shai solvi Welfa G FOR
lealth Environment People.
Cost includes postage and handling, and checks must
accompany order. Expect delivery within two weeks
of the time orders are received.
PLEASE SEND COPIES OF THE FOLLOWING ISSUE PAMPHLETS TO:
ADDRESS:
STATE
ZIP
A check or money order made out to Fontana Lithograph for $
is enclosed. I understand price includes postage
and handling and that delivery can be expected within two weeks of receipt of this order.
COST: 100 - 499 copies @ 0.05; 500 - 999 copies @ 0.034; 1000 & over @ 0.028
PAMPHLET
QUANTITY REQUESTED
COST
AGRICULTURE
$
BLACK AMERICANS
$
CONSUMERISM
$
NATIONAL DEFENSE
$
THE DRAFT
$
DRUG ABUSE
$
ENVIRONMENT
$
FOREIGN POLICY
$
GOVERNMENT REORGANIZATION
$
HIGHER EDUCATION
$
NATION'S HEALTH
$
OLDER AMERICANS
$
REVENUE SHARING
$
SPANISH SPEAKING AMERICANS
$
HISPANO AMERICANOS
$
WAR ON CRIME
$
WOMEN
$
TOTAL
$
EE-10
RNC RESEARCH DIVISION
September 1, 1972
FACTBOOK UPDATE:
OLDER AMERICANS
Elderly
SOCIAL
SECURITY
On July 1, 1972, President Nixon signed into law a 20 percent increase
in social security benefits, adding $6 billion to the incomes of older
Americans during calendar 1973. Although the President felt that the
bill "threatens dangerously to escalate the rate of inflation," he signed
the legislation because he felt older Americans "both need and deserve
a significant increase in social security benefits." He also welcomed
the passage of inflation-proof social security benefits as called for
in his welfare reform proposal, H.R. 1.
FOOD
ASSISTANCE
HEW Secretary Elliot Richardson announced in August the regulations
to implement a low-cost hot meal nutritional program for older Americans.
Administered by the Administration on Aging, the program is designed
not only to feed older Americans living alone, but also to reduce
their isolation from community activities. For the first year, $100
million has been authorized.
In a statement issued August 2, the President launched Project FIND,
which will seek out those older persons who are eligible for Federal
food assistance programs, but who are not participating. A nationwide
volunteer network, managed by the American Red Cross, will help older
persons enroll.
EE-11
HEW
Also in June Secretary Richardson announced the appointment of sixteen
members to the Technical Advisory Committee on Aging Research. They
will devise a plan to bring together the total research resources
available to the Federal government in such areas as biomedical research,
transportation systems, management science and economic research into
a comprehensive strategy that could improve the way of life for senior
citizens.
Another study that has been granted funds by HEW is the "day hospital"
concept. As a possible alternative to long-term care of the elderly
in nursing homes, this study has been granted $294,000 to explore the
feasibility of granting day care to aged who are still well enough
to live at home.
HOUSING
Under way in HUD is a program to finance 82,000 units specifically
designed for the elderly in fiscal 1973. Under the President's
recommendation, HUD hopes to subsidize more housing and community
space projects specifically for senior citizens, and will investigate
home ownership eligibility for older Americans.
KEY FACTS ON AGING
I.
The President pledged at the White House Conference on
Aging to make 1972 a year of action on behalf of the nation's
elderly. The message sent to Congress in March began
that action.
II.
President Nixon's program is comprehensive - 5 major points:
A. The President has improved the income position of older
Americans -
1.
51% increase in Social Security benefits since 1969.
2.
H.R. 1 proposes a national income floor for the
elderly and elimination of the $5.80 Medicare
monthly premium.
B. The President has upgraded the quality of nursing homes -
through an 8-point plan announced by the President in
August 1971.
C. The President has increased the independence of older
Americans - increasing the Administration on Aging
budget to $200 million for 1973 - to provide homemaker,
transportation, nutrition and community services.
D. The President has expanded opportunities for older
Americans to make meaningful contributions to all
facets of society -
1.
Doubled funding for the Foster Grandparents Pro-
gram and tripled it for the Retired Senior Volunteer
Program (RSVP).
2.
Proposed legislation to broaden the coverage of the
Age Discrimination in Employment Act to include
state and local government.
E. The President has organized the Executive Branch to
meet the needs of older Americans -
1.
Formed the Domestic Council Cabinet-level committee.
2.
Appointed a Special Assistant on Aging and a Special
Consultant on Aging.
hae
UPI-22
(AGED
WASHINGTON--SPURNING THE ADMINISTRATION'S ADVICE, THE SENATE FINANCE
COMMITTEE HAS VOTED TO BROADEN -- RATHER THAN KILL -- A PROPOSAL UNDER
WHICH 20 MILLION ELDERLY PEOPLE COULD BUY DRUGS FOR THE TREATMENT OF
COMMON CHRONIC DISEASES FOR $1 PER PERSCRIPTION.
THE ADMINISTRATION ASKED THE PANEL TO DROP THE PROVISION FROM ITS
BILL TO REVISE SOCIAL SECURITY AND WELFARE PROVISIONS. INSTEAD, THE
COMMITTEE DECIDED TUESDAY TO ADD THREE DISEASES TO THE LIST OF 12 FOR
WHICH MEDICARE WOULD PAY MOST OF THE COST.
IT ADDED PARKINSON'S DISEASE, EPILEPSY AND MYASTHENIA GRAVIS, A
MUSCULAR DISEASE WHICH RESULTS IN NEAR PARALYSIS, TO THE ORIGINAL
LIST -- CANCER, HEART, RESPIRATORY AND KIDNEY DISEASES, DIABETES,
HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE, ARTHRITIS, GOUT, RHEUMATISM, TUBERCULOSIS,
GLAUCOMA AND THYROID DISEASE.
9/20--GE950A
U.S. SENATOR
NEWS
FROM
Robert P. Griffin
353 SENATE OFFICE BLDG.
202-225-6221
FOR RELEASE:
IMMEDIATE
WASHINGTON, aging
9-22-72
GRIFFIN PROVISION PROVIDING REDUCED
AIR FARES FOR SENIOR CITIZENS PASSES SENATE
WASHINGTON, D.C.
---
The Senate has passed legislation, co-
sponsored by U.S. Senator Robert P. Griffin (R-Mich.) that would authorize the
airlines to offer reduced fares on a space-available basis to senior citizens.
The provision, which passed by a voice vote, now goes to the House of
Representatives for further action. It would, if it becomes law, apply the same
reduced fare policy on a standby basis to senior citizens that many airlines now
make available to youthful passengers.
Griffin told the Senate that authorizing the reduced fares would be bene-
ficial both to senior citizens and the airlines. He noted that persons over 65 now
account for only five per cent of all airlines passengers, and added that many
airlines are operating at far less than capacity on many routes, especially on
weekdays, and can use a new source of revenue.
"It is an unfortunate fact of life," Griffin said, "that many of our senior
citizens are virtually imprisoned because economical transportation is not
available. For example, in 1970 only one million of our 20 million senior
citizens crossed a state line.
"Until our senior citizens are provided with adequate retirement income,
including increased social security payments and better private pension security,
they should not be denied basic services, such as transportation, which are
available to the rest of our society.
"This amendment will provide a fair and reasonable opportunity for the
elderly to travel across the country as well as overseas. It is an opportunity
they richly deserve."
######
HOLD FOR RELEASE UNTIL aging (EST),
THURSDAY, MARCH 23, 1972
Office of the White House Press Secretary
THE WHITE HOUSE
TO THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES:
When I addressed the White House Conference on Aging
last December, I pledged that I would do all I could to
make 1972 a year of action on behalf of older Americans.
This message to the Congress represents an important step
in fulfilling that promise.
Many of the actions which are outlined in this message
have grown out of concerns expressed at the White House
Conference and at related meetings across the country. The
message also discusses a number of steps that have already
been taken or that were announced at an earlier date. All
of these actions are part of our comprehensive strategy for
helping older Americans.
The momentum which has been generated by all these
steps -- old and new -- will move us toward the great
national objectives which the White House Conference set
forth. I pledge that this momentum will be sustained as
we follow through on these initiatives and as we keep other
recommendations of the White House Conference at the top of
our agenda, under continuing review.
This message, then, does not represent the last word I
will have to say on this important subject. It does, however,
identify those administrative steps which we are taking im-
mediately to help older Americans, along with a number of
legislative initiatives which should be of highest priority
on this year's Congressional agenda.
We often hear these days about the "impatience of youth."
But if we stop to think about the matter, it is the elderly
who have the best reason to be impatient. As so many older
Americans have candidly told me, "We simply do not have time
to wait while the Government procrastinates. For us, the
future is now." I believe this same sense of urgency should
characterize the Government's response to the concerns of
the elderly. I hope and trust that the Congress will join
me in moving forward in that spirit.
A COMPREHENSIVE STRATEGY FOR
MEETING COMPLEX PROBLEMS
The role of older people in American life has changed
dramatically in recent decades. For one thing, the number
of Americans 65 and over is more than six times as great
today as it was in 1900 -- compared to less than a 3-fold
increase in the population under 65. In 1900, one out of
every 25 Americans was 65 or over; today one in ten has
reached his 65th birthday.
While the number of older Americans has been growing so
rapidly, their traditional pattern of living has been severely
disrupted. In an earlier era, the typical American family
was multigenerational. -- grandparents and even great-
grandparents lived in the same household with their children
and grandchildren, or at least lived nearby. In recent years,
however, the ties of family and of place have been loosened --
with the result that more and more of our older citizens must
live apart or alone. The rapid increase in mandatory retire-
ment provisions has compounded this trend toward isolation.
more
2
Under such conditions, other problems of older persons such
as ill health and low income have become even more burdensome.
And all of these difficulties are intensified, of course, for
members of minority groups and for those who are blind or
deaf or otherwise handicapped.
The sense of separation which has characterized the lives
of many older Americans represents a great tragedy for our
country. In the first place, it denies many older citizens
the sense of fulfillment and satisfaction they deserve for
the contributions they have made throughout their lifetimes.
Secondly, it denies the country the full value of the skills
and insights and moral force which the older generation is
uniquely capable of offering.
The major challenge which confronts us, then, as we
address the problems of older Americans is the new genera-
tion gap which has emerged in this country in recent decades
between those who are over 65 and those who are younger. The
way to bridge this gap, in my judgment, is to stop treating
older Americans as a burden and to start treating them as a
resource. We must fight the many forces which can cause
older persons to feel dependent or isolated and provide
instead continuing opportunities for them to be self-reliant
and involved.
If we can accomplish this goal, our entire Nation will
reap immense benefits. As I put it in my speech to the
White House Conference on Aging, 11 any action which enhances
the dignity of older Americans enhances the dignity of all
Americans, for unless the American dream comes true for our
older generation, it cannot be complete for any generation."
From its very beginnings, this Administration has worked
diligently to achieve this central objective. To assist me
in this effort, I established a special task force on aging
in 1969. In that same year, I elevated the Commissioner on
Aging, John Martin, to the position of Special Assistant to
the President on Aging, the first such position in history.
Later, I created a new Cabinet-level Committee on Aging,
under the leadership of the Secretary of Health, Education,
and Welfare, to ensure that the concerns of the aging were
regularly and thoroughly considered by this Administration
and that our policies to help older persons were effectively
carried out. To provide greater opportunity for older
Americans to express their own concerns and to recommend
new policies, I convened the White House Conference on
Aging -- which met last December and which was proceeded
and followed by many other meetings at the grassroots level.
I asked the Cabinet-level Committee on Aging to place the
recommendations of the Conference at the top of its agenda.
And I also asked the Chairman of the Conference, Arthur
Flemming, to stay on as the first Special Consultant to the
President on Aging, so that the voice of older Americans
would continue to be heard at the very highest levels of the
Government.
One dimension of our efforts over the last three years
is evident when we look at the Federal budget. If our
budget proposals are accepted, overall Federal spending for
the elderly in fiscal year 1973 will be $50 billion, nearly
150 percent of what it was when this Administration took
office. One particularly important example of increased
concern for the elderly is the fact that overall Federal
spending under the Older Americans Act alone has grown from
$32 million in fiscal year 1969 to a proposed $257 million
in fiscal year 1973 -- an eight-fold increase. This figure
includes the $157 million I originally requested in my 1973
budget, plus an additional $100 million which I am requesting
in this message for nutrition and related services.
more
3
How much money we spend on aging programs is only one
part of the story, however. How we spend it is an equally
important question. It is my conviction that the complex,
interwoven problems of older Americans demand, above all
else, a comprehensive response, one which attacks on a
variety of fronts and meets a variety of problems.
This message outlines the comprehensive strategy which
this Administration had developed for bridging the new
generation gap and enhancing the dignity and independence
of older Americans. That strategy has five major elements:
1. Protecting the income position of the elderly;
2. Upgrading the quality of nursing home care;
3. Helping older persons live dignified, independent
lives in their own homes or residences -- by
expanding and reforming service programs,
4. Expanding opportunities for older people to
continue their involvement in the life of the
country; and
5. Reorganizing the Federal Government to better
meet the changing needs of older Americans.
A SUMMARY OF MAJOR INITIATIVES
In addition to discussing important actions which have
been taken in the past or are now underway, this message
focuses attention on the following major items of new and
pending business.
1. To protect the income position of older Americans,
The Congress should:
-- enact H.R. 1 as soon as possible, thus providing
older Americans with $5-1/2 billion of additional annual
income. H.R. 1 would increase social security benefits by
5 percent, make social security inflation-proof, increase
widow, widower and delayed retirement benefits, liberalize
earnings tests, and establish a floor under the income of
older Americans for the first time;
-- repeal the requirement that participants in
part B of Medicare must pay a monthly premium which is
scheduled to reach $5.80 this July. This step would make
available to older persons an additional $1.5 billion --
the equivalent of roughly another 4 percent increase in
social security benefits for persons 65 and over;
-- strengthen the role played by private pension
plans by providing tax deductions to encourage their expan--
sion, requiring the vesting of pensions, and protecting the
investments which have been made in these funds;
---- enact revenue sharing proposals designed to
provide the opportunity for significant property tax relief;
and
-- enact my proposed consumer protection legisla-
tion which deals with problems which are especially acute
for older citizens.
The Administration will:
-- continue its investigation of alternative
methods for financing public education in such a manner
as to relieve the present heavy reliance on property taxes;
more
4
--- propose major improvements in the military
retirement system, including a one-time recomputation of
retired pay;
-- continue the battle against price inflation,
with special emphasis in the health care field;
-- develop a program to foster greater awareness
among older citizens of their legal rights under the Inter-
state Land Sales Full Disclosure Act; and
- develop a program designed to help each State
create consumer education programs for older citizens.
2. To upgrade the quality of nursing home care,
The Congress should:
-- make it possible for the Federal Government to
assume the entire cost of State inspection of homes receiving
payments under the Medicaid program; and
-- approve my request for additional funds for
training nursing home personnel.
The Administration will:
-- continue to strengthen and expedite other portions
of my 8-point program for upgrading nursing homes, including
my commitment to withdraw Federal funds from those homes
that refuse to meet standards and to make adequate alter-
native arrangements for those who are displaced from sub-
standard homes; and
-- develop proposals for protecting older persons
in the purchase of nursing home services.
3. To help older persons live dignified, independent
lives in their own homes or residences,
The Congress should:
-- appropriate the $100 million I requested for
the Administration on Aging in my 1973 budget;
-- appropriate an additional $100 million for
nutritional and related purposes;
-- appropriate $57 million for other programs under
the Older Americans Act, bringing total spending under this
act to $257 million -- an eight-fold increase over fiscal
year 1969;
-- renew and strengthen the Older Americans Act,
which so many older persons rightly regard as landmark
legislation in the field of aging -- extending it for an
indefinite period rather than for a specified period of
years;
-- create a new, coordinated system for service
delivery under this act, so that the Administration on
Aging can help develop goals for such services, while State
and area agencies create specific plans for achieving these
goals; and
-- allow States and localities to use some of the
funds now in the Highway Trust Fund to finance their mass
transit programs, including special programs to help the
elderly.
more
5
The Administration will:
-- ensure that Departments and agencies involved in
the field of aging identify the portion of their total
resources that are available for older persons and ensure
that use of these resources is effectively coordinated all
across the Government;
--- strengthen the role already played by local
officials of the Social Security Administration and other
agencies in providing information about Federal services
to older persons and in receiving their complaints;
--
launch this summer a new Project FIND -- a
program which will enlist the services of Government workers
at the grassroots level in an outreach effort to locate
older persons who are not involved in Federal nutrition
programs and who should be;
-- step up efforts to meet the special transporta-
tion needs of older Americans, giving priority to community
requests for capital grants that aid the elderly from the
Urban Mass Transportation Fund;
--
provide more and better housing for older
Americans by issuing new guidelines for two HUD programs
to make them more readily applicable to the elderly, by
extending the mortgage maturity for the FHA-insured nursing
home program, by drawing upon research of the Law Enforcement
Assistance Administration to reduce crime, by encouraging
the provisions of more space for senior centers within
housing projects for the elderly, and by developing training
programs in the management of housing for older persons.
4. To expand opportunities for older persons to continue
their involvement in the life of our country,
The Congress should:
--- appropriate the funds I have requested for such
action programs as Retired Senior Volunteers and Foster
Grandparents;
-- authorize the ACTION agency to expand person-to-
person volunteer service programs, helping more older
Americans to work both with children and with older persons
who need their help; and
-- broaden the Age Discrimination in Employment
Act of 1967 to include State and local governments.
The Administration will:
-- work with 130 national voluntary groups across
the country in a special program to stimulate volunteer
action; and
--- develop a national program to expand employment
opportunities for persons over 65, through programs such as
Senior Aides and Green Thumb, by urging State and local
governments to make job opportunities available under the
Emergency Employment Act of 1971, by working through the
public employment offices to open part-time job opportunities
in both the public and private sector, and by reaffirming
Federal policy against age discrimination in appointment to
Federal jobs.
5. To improve Federal organization for future efforts,
The Administration will:
-- strengthen the Secretary of Health, Education,
6
and Welfare's Advisory Committee on Older Americans --
providing it with permanent staff capability to support its
increased responsibilities;
-- arrange for the Commissioner of Aging, in his
capacity as Chairman of the Advisory Committee on Aging, to
report directly to the Secretary of Health, Education, and
Welfare;
--- create a Technical Advisory Committee on Aging
Research in the Office of the Secretary of Health, Education,
and Welfare to develop a comprehensive plan for economic,
social, psychological, health and education research on
aging.
PROTECTING THE INCOME POSITION OF OLDER AMERICANS
Perhaps the most striking change in the lives of most
Americans when they turn 65 is the sudden loss of earned
income which comes with retirement. The most important
thing we can do to enhance the independence and self-
reliance of older Americans is to help them protect their
income position. I have long been convinced that the best
way to help people in need is not by having Government pro-
vide them with a vast array of bureaucratic services but by
giving them money so that they can secure needed services
for themselves. This understanding is fundamental to my
approach to the problems of the aging.
The success of this income-oriented strategy depends in
turn on giving effective attention to two factors: first,
where older Americans' money comes from and second, what it
is used for.
Where the Money Comes From: Reforming and Expanding
Government Income Programs
The most important income source for most older Americans
is social security. Accordingly, improvements in social
security have been the centerpiece of this Administration's
efforts to assist the elderly. Today, approximately 85
percent of all Americans over 65 receive regular cash
benefits from social security, while 93 percent of those
now reaching age 65 are eligible to receive such benefits
when they or their spouses retire.
Since 1969, social security cash benefits have been
increased twice --- a fifteen percent increase in January of
1970 and another ten percent increase one year later. These
increases represent a $10 billion annual increase in cash
income for social security beneficiaries. As I suggested,
however, in my 1969 message to the Congress concerning social
security reform, bringing benefit payments up to date alone
is not enough. We must also make sure that benefit payments
stay up to date and that all recipients are treated fairly.
My specific proposals for achieving these ends are
presently contained in the bill known as H.R. 1 -- legislation
which is of overwhelming importance for older Americans.
This bill passed the House of Representatives in the first
session of the 92nd Congress and is presently pending before
the Senate Finance Committee. I continue to believe firmly
that H.R. 1 is the single most significant piece of social
legislation to come before the Congress in many decades.
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Let us consider the several ways in which this legisla-
tion would help the elderly:
1. An Additional Increase in Social Security. Under
H.R. 1, social security benefits would be increased by an
additional 5 percent effective in June of 1972. This
increase would provide $2.1 billion in additional income
for older Americans during the first full year that it is
effective. It would mean that social security benefits
would be one-third higher after this June than they were
just 2-1/2 years ago. This represents the most rapid rate
of increase in the history of the social security program.
2. Making Social Security "Inflation Proof. " Under
H.R. 1, social security payments would, for the first time,
be automatically protected against inflation. Whenever the
Consumer Price Index increased by 3 percent or more, benefits
would be increased by an equal amount. Payments that keep
pace with the cost of living would thus become a guaranteed
right for older Americans -- and not something for which
they have to battle again and again, year after year.
3. Increased Widows' Benefits. About 58 percent of the
population age 65 and over are women, most of whom depend
primarily on social security benefits earned by their
husbands. Under the present law, however, widows are eligible
for only 82-1/2 percent of the retirement benefits which would
be paid to their late husbands if they were still alive.
H.R. 1 would correct this situation by increasing widows'
benefits to 100 percent of the benefits payable to their late
husbands. It would similarly expand the eligibility of a
widower for benefits payable to his late wife. Altogether,
this provision would mean that about 3.4 million widows and
widowers would receive increased benefits totaling almost
three quarters of a billion dollars in the first full year.
4. Increased Benefits for Delayed Retirement. Under
present law, those who choose not to retire at age 65 for-
feit their social security benefits for the period between
the time they are 65 and the time they finally retire.
H.R. 1 would allow retirees to make up a portion of these
lost benefits through higher payments after retirement.
Benefits would increase by one percent for each year that
a person had worked between the ages of 65 and 72.
5. Liberalized Earnings Tests. Like the increased
benefit for delayed retirement, the liberalized earnings
tests contained in H.R. 1 would encourage more of our older
citizens to remain active in the economic life of our
country. This is a step which I promised to take in the
1968 campaign and for which I have been working ever since.
It is high time this step was taken. Those who can
work and want to work should not be discouraged from
working -- as they often are under the present law. By
reducing the barriers to work, we can increase the sense
of participation among older citizens and at the same time
tap their energies and experience more effectively.
Under H.R. 1, the amount that a beneficiary could earn
without losing any social security would be increased from
$1,680 a year to $2,000 a year. That ceiling, in turn,
would be automatically increased each time there was a cost
of living benefit increase in social security. In addition,
for those who earn in excess of $2,000, the potential
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reduction in social security payments would also be lessened.
Under the present law, benefits are reduced by $1 for each
$2 of extra earnings, but this rate applies only to the first
$1,200 earned above the exempt amount. Additional earnings
beyond that level now cause benefits to be reduced on a $1
for $1 basis. Under H.R. 1, benefits would be reduced on
a $1 for $2 basis for all earnings above $2,000 -- no matter
how much more a person earned.
6. Adult Assistance Reform. One of the most important
elements of H.R. 1 -- and one of the most under-publicized --
is its provision to place a national floor under the income
of every older American. H.R. 1 would replace the present
Old Age Assistance program with a single, federally-financed
program which would provide a monthly income of $150 for an
individual and $200 for a couple when fully effective.
This program would assist 4.5 million elderly persons
instead of the 2.1 million currently reached. It would
also eliminate the practice of placing liens on homes as a
condition of eligibility. Eligibility for assistance would
be determined on the basis of need without regard to the
income or assets of relatives. Relative-responsibility
rules would not be a part of this new program.
I believe this reform is particularly important since
it channels massive resources -- some $2.8 billion in addi-
tional annual benefits -- to those whose needs are greatest.
7. Special Minimum Benefits. H.R. 1 would also provide
special minimum benefits for people who have worked for 15
years or more under social security. The guaranteed minimum
benefit would range from $75 a month for a person who had
worked 15 years under social security to $150 a month for
a person with 30 years of such work experience. At maturity,
this provision would increase overall benefit payments to
$600 million.
H.R. 1: The Need for Prompt Action
In addition to all of these benefits for older people,
H.R. 1 would have enormous benefits for many younger
Americans as well. Clearly the passage of this bill is a
matter of the very highest priority. I have made that state-
ment repeatedly since I first proposed this far-reaching
program in 1969. As I make that statement again today, I
do so with the conviction that further delay is absolutely
inexcusable. To delay these reforms by even one more year
would mean a loss for older Americans alone of more than
$5 billion.
It is my profound hope that the Senate will now carry
forward the momentum which has been generated by the passage
of H.R. 1 in the House of Representatives, thus seizing an
historic opportunity -- and meeting an historic obligation.
Where the Money Comes From: Military, Veterans and
Federal Employee Benefits
We are also making significant progress toward improving
the retirement income of career military personnel, veterans
and Federal employees.
1. To improve military benefits, I will soon submit
legislation to the Congress for recomputing retirement pay
on the basis of January 1, 1971 pay scales, thus liberalizing
annuities for current retirees. I will also submit legisla-
tion to. provide -- for the first time -- full annuities for
retired reservists at an earlier age, and to revise benefit
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payments so that retirees receive their full annuities when
they are most needed, at the conventional age of full retire-
ment. I hope these proposals will receive favorable
consideration.
In addition, I support legislation to provide military
retirees with a less expensive survivor annuity plan -- one
which is similar to that now provided to retired civil servants.
2. Benefits for veterans are also improving. Our
efforts to improve both the quality of care and the number
of patients treated in Veterans Administration hospitals will
have a major impact on older veterans, since more than one-
fourth of all VA patients are over 65. The staff to patient
ratio at VA hospitals will be increased to 1.5 to 1, an
all-time high, if our budget proposals are accepted.
The fiscal year 1973 budget also provides for further
increases in nursing home care with the result that the
authorized number of VA-operated nursing beds will have
doubled since 1969 and the number of community contract
beds and State home beds built and operated with VA subsidies
will have increased by one-third over the same period.
In addition, I have signed into law significant improve-
ments in pensions for elderly veterans which relate benefits
more closely to need and protect recipients from income loss
because of increases in the cost of living. In January of
1971, pensions were increased by an average of 9.6 percent.
One year later, they went up an additional 6.5 percent and
a new formula was adopted relating benefits more closely
to need for the first time.
3. Federal Employee Benefits are also up. Retirement
benefits for Federal employees have been liberalized in
several instances, and -- under a more generous formula
for determining cost of living increases -- annuities have
gone up nearly 16 percent in the last 2-1/2 years. In
addition, the Government's contribution to Federal health
benefit premiums of current and retired employees has been
substantially increased.
Where the Money Comes From: Reforming the Private
Pension System
Only 21 percent of couples now on our social security
rolls and only 8 percent of non-married beneficiaries are
also receiving private pensions. While this picture will
improve somewhat as workers who are now younger reach
retirement, nevertheless -- despite the best efforts of
labor and management -- only half the work force is presently
covered by private pension plans. As the White House
Conference on Aging pointed out, the long-range answer to
adequate income for the elderly does not lie in Government
programs alone; it also requires expansion and reform of
our private pension system.
Late last year, I submitted to the Congress a five-point
program to achieve this goal. It includes the following
items:
1. Tax deductions to encourage independent savings
toward retirement. Individual contributions to group or
individual pension plans should be made tax deductible up
to the level of $1500 per year or 20 percent of earned
income, whichever is less. Individuals should also be
able to defer taxation of investment earnings on these
contributions.
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2. More generous tax deductions for pension contribu-
tions by self-employed persons. The annual limit for
deductible contributions to pension plans by the self-
employed - on their own behalf and for those who work
for them --- should be raised from $2,500 or 10 percent of
earned income, whichever is less, to the lesser of $7,500
or 15 percent of earned income.
3. Requiring the vesting of pensions. Persons who have
worked for an employer for a significant period should be
able to retain their pension rights even if they leave or
lose their jobs before retirement. Unfortunately, many
workers do not now have this assurance -- their pensions
are not vested. To change this situation, I have proposed
a new law under which all pensions would become vested as
an employee's age and seniority increased. Under this law,
the share of participants in private pension plans with
vested pensions would rise from 31 percent to 47 percent
and the overall number of employees with vested rights
would increase by 3.6 million. Most importantly, among
participants age 45 and older, the percentage with vested
pensions would rise from 60 percent to 92 percent.
4. The Employee Benefits Protection Act. This legisla-
tion was first proposed to the Congress in March of 1970;
it was strengthened and resubmitted in 1971. It would
require that pension funds be administered under strict
fiduciary standards and would provide certain Federal
remedies when they are not. It would also require that
plans provide full information to employees and beneficiaries
concerning their rights and benefits.
5. A study of pension plan terminations. In my
December message, I also directed the Departments of Labor
and the Treasury to undertake a one-year study concerning
the extent of benefit losses which result from the termina-
tion of private pension plans. This study will provide the
information we need in order to make solid recommendations
in this field, providing needed protection without reducing
benefits because of increased costs.
Where the Money Goes: The Burden of Health Costs
Growing old often means both declining income and
declining health. And declining health, in turn, means
rising expenditures for health care. Per capita health
expenditures in fiscal year 1971 were $861 for persons 65
and older, but only $250 for persons under 65. In short,
older Americans often find that they must pay their highest
medical bills at the very time in their lives when they are
least able to afford them.
Medicare, of course, is now providing significant assis-
tance in meeting this problem for most older Americans. In
fiscal year 1971, this program accounted for 62 percent of
their expenditures for hospital and physicians services
and 42 percent of their total health payments. In addi-
tion, an estimated 40 percent of Medicaid expenditures go
to support the health costs of the elderly, while other
programs provide significant additional assistance.
But serious problems still remain. Accordingly, this
Administration has been working in a number of ways to
provide even more help for the elderly in the health-care
field. One of our most important proposals is now pending
before the Congress. I refer to the recommendation I made
more than a year ago that the Congress combine part B of
Medicare -- the supplementary medical insurance program,
with part A -- the hospital insurance program, thus
eliminating the special monthly premium which older persons
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must pay to participate in part B ---- a premium which will
reach $5.80 per month by July. I have reaffirmed my com-
mitment to this important initiative on other occasions and
today I affirm it once again. Elimination of the premium
payment alone would augment the annual income of the elderly
by approximately $1.5 billion, the equivalent, on the average,
of almost a 4 percent increase in social security for persons
65 and over. I hope the Congress will delay no longer in
approving this important proposal.
Our concern with health costs for older Americans pro-
vides additional reasons for the prompt approval of H.R. 1.
Under that bill:
- Provision is made for extending Medicare to many of
the disabled (about 60 percent of whom are age 55 and over)
who are drawing social security benefits and who have had
to give up work before reaching regular retirement age;
--- Medicare beneficiaries would have the opportunity to
enroll in Health Maintenance Organizations -- organizations
which I strongly endorsed in my special message on health
policy because of my conviction that they help to prevent
serious illness and also help to make the delivery of health
care more efficient;
-- Provision is made for removing the uncertainties
relative to coverage under Medicare when a person needs to
use extended care facilities after hospitalization.
In my recent message to Congress on health policy, I
indicated a number of other measures which will help reduce
the cost of health care. I spoke, for example, of the
special attention we have been giving under Phase II of
our New Economic Policy to the problem of sky-rocketing
health costs, through the special Health Services Industry
Committee of the Cost of Living Council. I indicated that
a number of cost control features would be introduced into
the Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement processes -- with
the overall effect of reducing health costs. I have also
called for new research efforts in fields such as heart
disease, cancer, and accident prevention --- initiatives
which also promise to reduce health problems --- and health
bills --- for older persons.
Where the Money Goes: Inflation
Inadequate retirement incomes are strained even further
when inflation forces older persons to stretch them to meet
rising costs. Because older persons are uniquely dependent
on relatively fixed incomes, they are uniquely victimized by
the ravages of inflation. While my proposals for making
social security benefits inflation-proof will provide signi-
ficant help in defending the elderly against this menace, it
is also important that we take on this enemy directly --- that
we curb inflationary pressures.
This goal has been a central one of this Administration.
When I came to office this country was suffering from a
massive wave of price inflation -- one which had resulted in
large measure from the methods chosen to finance the Vietnam
War. The problem of reversing this wave by conventional
methods was a more stubborn problem, frankly, than I
expected it to be when I took office. By the summer of
1971, it became clear that additional tools were needed if
inflation was to be quickly and responsibly controlled.
Accordingly, I announced last August a New Economic Policy --
one which has received the strong support of the Congress and
the American people.
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I have been especially gratified that older Americans --
whose stake in the battle against inflation is so high --
have rallied to support this new economic program. With
their continued support -- and that of all the American
people -- we can carry this battle forward and win a
decisive victory.
One key element in that battle, of course, is to be sure
that Government spending programs, including those which help
the elderly, are responsibly financed. If they are not, then
inflation will merely be reignited and Government policy will
merely be robbing older Americans with one hand of the aid it
gives them with the other.
Where the Money Goes: Property Taxes
Two-thirds of all older citizens -- and 78 percent of older
married couples -- own their own homes. For these Americans ---
and for many younger Americans as well -- the heavy and growing
burden of property taxes constitutes one of the most serious
of all income-related problems. Even those who rent their
homes often bear an unfair burden since property tax increases
are frequently passed along in the form of higher rents. The
reason these burdens are so onerous, of course, is that the
income from which property taxes must be paid by the elderly
is usually going down at the very time the taxes are going up.
Property taxes in the United States have more than doubled
in the last ten years. The problems which this fact implies
are felt by Americans of all ages. But elderly Americans
have a special stake in their solution.
I am committed to doing all I can to relieve the crushing
burden of property taxes. I have been proceeding toward this
end in two ways. First, I am continuing to push for passage
of our General and Special Revenue-Sharing proposals, legis-
lation which would channel some $17 billion into State and
local budgets and thus provide a significant opportunity for
property tax relief. At the same time, as I indicated in my
recent State of the Union Address, I am also moving to change
the system through which we finance public education. In
developing a new approach, I will draw on the recommendations
of the President's Commission on School Finance, the Advisory
Commission on Inter-governmental Relations, and other analyses
such as those which are being performed under the direction
of the Secretaries of the Treasury, and of Health, Education,
and Welfare. The purpose of this intensive investigation is
to develop ways of putting this Nation's educational system
on a sounder financial footing while helping to relieve the
enormous burden of school property taxes.
Reducing Income Tax Burdens
Recently approved and pending changes in the income tax
laws also provide special help to older persons. Under these
provisions, a single person age 65 or over would be able to
receive up to $5,100 of income without paying any Federal
income taxes, while a married couple with both husband and
wife 65 or over would be able to receive up to $8,000 of such
tax-free income.
Where the Money Goes: Protecting Elderly Consumers
The quality of life for older Americans depends to a
large extent upon the responsiveness of the marketplace to
their special needs. It is estimated that elderly persons
now spend over $60 billion for goods and services every
year -- and they will be able to spend billions more if
my proposals for increasing their income are enacted. Our
economy should be responsive to the needs of older Americans;
they have a high stake in advancing consumer protection.
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Through organizational changes, administrative actions
and legislative recommendations, this Administration has
been working to provide needed protection for the American
consumer in general -- and for the older consumer in particular.
The several pieces of consumer legislation which I have sub-
mitted to the Congress are designed to reduce dangers which
are especially acute for older consumers -- and I again urge
their enactment.
In addition, I am asking my Special Assistant for
Consumer Affairs, in cooperation with the Secretary of
Housing and Urban Development, to develop a program for
helping to enforce the Interstate Land Sales Full Disclosure
Act by fostering greater awareness among older citizens of
their legal rights under this legislation.
Recognizing that the complexity of today's marketplace
demands great sophistication by the individual consumer, our
primary and secondary schools have stepped up their programs
for consumer education. Unfortunately, many older Americans
have never had the opportunity to benefit from such programs.
The Office of Consumer Affairs is therefore developing guide-
lines for adult consumer education programs with particular
emphasis on the needs of the elderly. To carry out these
guidelines, I am asking my Special Assistant for Consumer
Affairs, working in cooperation with the Secretary of Health,
Education, and Welfare, to develop a program of technical
assistance to help the States create consumer education
programs specifically designed for older citizens.
A Comprehensive Effort for Improving Income
The key characteristic of my strategy for protecting the
income position of older Americans is its comprehensiveness.
For it would help to augment and protect the income older
persons derive from social security, adult assistance,
Federal military, veterans and civilian benefits, and private
pensions, while at the same time curbing the cruel drain on
those incomes from rising health costs, inflation, taxes
and unwise consumer spending. I hope now that the Congress
will respond promptly and favorably to these proposals. If
it does, then the purchasing power of the elderly can be
enhanced by billions of dollars a year - an achievement
which could do more than anything else to transform the
quality of life for Americans over 65.
UPGRADING THE QUALITY OF NURSING HOME CARE
Income related measures can help more older Americans to
help themselves; they build on the strong desire for indepen
dence and self-reliance which characterizes the older generation.
We must recognize, however, that some older Americans --
approximately five percent by recent estimates - cannot be
primarily self-reliant. These older men and women require
the assistance provided by skilled nursing homes and other
long-term care facilities. For them, a dignified existence
depends upon the care and concern which are afforded them in
such settings.
In June of 1971, at a regional convention of the National
Retired Teachers Association and the American Association of
Retired Persons, I pledged to meet the challenge of upgrading
nursing home care in America. I expressed my determination
that nursing homes, for those who need them, should be
shining symbols of comfort and concern. I noted that many
such facilities provide high quality care, but that many
others fall woefully short of this standard. I observed
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that those who must live in such facilities are virtual
prisoners in an atmosphere of neglect and degradation.
Following that speech, I directed the development of an
action plan to improve nursing home care and I announced that
8-point plan in August of 1971. I am pleased to be able to
report that we have made significant progress in carrying
out that plan. We have delivered on all of the eight
promises implied in that program. Let us look at each of
them:
1. Training State Nursing Home Inspectors - Through
February of 1972, almost 450 surveyors had been trained in
federally-sponsored programs at three universities. Contract
negotiations are underway to continue ongoing programs and to
establish new ones at two university training centers.
2. Complete Federal Support of State Inspections Under
Medicaid - Legislation to raise the level of financial parti-
cipation by the Federal Government in this activity to 100
percent was submitted to the Congress on October 7, 1971, as
an amendment to H.R. 1. This proposal is awaiting Congressional
action.
3. Consolidation of Enforcement Activities - A new Office
of Nursing Home Affairs has been established in the Office of
the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare. This unit is
directly responsible for coordinating all efforts to meet our
July 1, 1972, deadline for inspections of skilled nursing
homes and for certification of these facilities in accordance
with proper procedures.
4. Strengthening Federal Enforcement - 142 new positions
have been allocated to the Medical Services Administration to
enforce Medicaid standards and regulations. Added emphasis
is being placed on the audit process as a tool for enforce-
ment; 34 additional positions are being added in HEW's Audit
Agency to perform audits of nursing home operations.
5. Short-term Training for Professional and Para-
professional Nursing Home Personnel - This program is cur-
rently funded at the $2.4 million level and is scheduled to
train 20,000 persons. The fiscal year 1973 budget which I
submitted to the Congress contains $3 million to train an
additional 21,000 persons.
6. Assistance for State Investigative Units - A program
to develop and test investigative-ombudsman units to respond
to individual complaints and to other problems in the nursing
home area has also been initiated. As an interim mechanism,
nearly 900 social security district and branch offices have
been designated as listening posts to receive and investigate
complaints and suggestions about nursing home conditions.
7. Comprehensive Review of Long-term Care - The Office of
Nursing Home Affairs is now carrying out a comprehensive analysis
of issues related to long-term care.
8. Cracking Down on Substandard Nursing Homes - Progress
is also being made on this important front. Last December
I signed legislation which, among other things, authorizes
Federal quality standards for intermediate care facilities,
thus giving us additional authority to guarantee a decent
environment for those who live in long-term care facilities.
Every State providing nursing home care under the Medicare
and Medicaid programs has now installed systems for surveying
and certifying nursing homes. In the area of fire-safety and
other safety guidelines, a coordinated set of standards for
homes providing care under these programs is being put into
effect.
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Medicaid compliance activities have also been stepped up.
Onsite Federal reviews of State Medicaid certification pro-
cedures have been carried out. Deficiencies in those procedures
were found in 39 States. These deficiencies were publicly
announced by the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare
on November 30, 1971, along with a timetable for correcting
them. Since that time, 38 of the 39 States have made the
necessary corrections. We have determined that every facility
receiving Medicaid funds must have been inspected and cor-
rectly certified by July 1, 1972.
While we prefer to upgrade substandard homes rather than
shut them down, we will not hesitate to cut off money when
that is necessary. As of February 11, 1972, in fact, 13
extended care facilities had been decertified for participa-
tion in Medicare. In such cases, as I have often pledged
before, we are firmly committed to seeing that adequate
alternative arrangements are made for those who are displaced.
In fiscal year 1971, the Federal Government contributed
$1.2 billion to the cost of nursing home care. We should
also remember, however, that more than 40 percent of the
annual expenditure for nursing homes is borne by private
sources. In addition to seeing that Federal tax dollars
are properly spent in this area, it is also important that
private individuals are protected when they purchase nursing
home services. I have asked the Secretary of Health,
Education, and Welfare to develop proposals to deal with
this dimension of the nursing home challenge.
SPECIAL SERVICES TO FOSTER INDEPENDENCE
Improving the income position of older Americans and
upgrading nursing homes -- these are two concerns which
have been of highest priority for this Administration in
the past and which will continue to be central in the future.
As we work to develop a truly comprehensive strategy, however,
other agenda items have also been emerging as areas of special
emphasis, particularly those involving public and private
services which can help older persons live dignified, inde-
pendent lives in their own homes for as long as possible.
Increased Resources for the Administration on Aging
Since the passage of the Older Americans Act in 1965,
the Administration on Aging has had the lead Federal role
in developing and coordinating such services. While that
office has accomplished many significant things, the im-
portance and urgency of its mission have outstripped its
financial resources.
It was to help remedy this situation that I announced at
the White House Conference on Aging last December that I would
call for a five-fold increase in the budget of the Administra-
tion on Aging ----- from $21 million to $100 million. As I will
discuss below in greater detail, I am now requesting an
additional $100 million for nutritional and related purposes,
money which would also be spent through the Administration on
Aging.
With this substantial increase in funds, we would be able
to step up significantly our efforts to develop and coordinate
a wide range of social and nutritional services for older
Americans. Our central aim in all of these activities will
be to prevent unnecessary institutionalization -- and to
lessen the isolation of the elderly wherever possible.
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Extending the Older Americans Act
Since its passage in 1965, the Older Americans Act has
served as an important charter for Federal service programs
for the elderly. Unless the act is promptly extended, however,
the grant programs it authorizes will expire on June 30th.
This must not happen. I therefore urge that this landmark
legislation be extended -- and that the extension be indefinite,
rather than limited to a specific period of time.
Strengthening the Planning and Delivery of Services
In addition, I am asking that the Older Americans Act be
amended to strengthen our planning and delivery systems for
services to the elderly. Too often in the past, these
"systems" have really been "non-systems," badly fragmented,
poorly planned and insufficiently coordinated. My proposed
amendments are designed to remedy these deficiencies.
We should begin by helping to develop and strengthen
the planning capacities of the State agencies on aging and
of new area agencies on aging which would be established
within each State. Up to 75 percent of the administrative
costs of these new area planning agencies would be funded by
the Administration on Aging, which would also establish
general goals to which activities at the State and local
levels would be directed. One of the major priorities would
be to enhance and maintain the independence of older citizens.
The State and area planning agencies would plan for the
mobilization and coordination of a wide range of resources --
public and private -- to meet such goals. The Administration
on Aging would be authorized to fund up to 90 percent of the
cost of social and nutritional services provided under plans
developed by the area planning agencies. In fiscal year 1973,
$160 million would be allocated in formula grants for nutritional
and social services. An additional $40 million would be allocated
in special project assistance to develop new and innovative
approaches and to strengthen particularly promising area plans.
By establishing overall objectives and by providing both
money and mechanisms for a stronger planning and coordination
effort, we can ensure that resources and energies which are
now widely scattered and fragmented can be pulled together in
ways which will notably increase their impact.
Coordinating Federal Efforts
Even as we strengthen coordination at grassroots levels,
SO we must do a better job of coordinating Federal programs.
As this message makes clear, efforts are being made all across
our Government to help older citizens. But if there was one
clear message at the White House Conference on Aging, it was
that this wide range of Federal resources must be better
coordinated. To help achieve this important objective, I
have directed my Special Consultant on Aging to work with
all these agencies in an intense new effort to develop
coordinated services.
As the first step in this effort, I have directed those
agencies whose programs have a major impact on the lives of
older persons to provide the Cabinet-level Committee on Aging,
within sixty days, with the amounts they identify as serving
the needs of the elderly. In addition, I am directing that
each agency identify, within the total amount it expects to
spend for its aging programs, a sum that will be available to
the States and localities for purposes related to the Older
Americans Act. The Administration on Aging will then provide
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this information to the States so that it can be utilized in
the State and local planning process. State aging agencies
will also be able to transmit their views on proposed Federal
programs, thereby furthering the interchange of information
and strengthening overall coordination.
Under these procedures, we can ensure that all resources
for helping the elderly are fully marshalled and coordinated,
in a way which is responsive to the special needs of every
State and locality in our land.
Establishing Information and Complaint Centers
We must also work to improve communications between the
Federal Government and older Americans and to alert the Govern-
ment to areas of special need. Because older persons often
have some difficulty moving about conveniently, and because
services are often fragmented and channeled through complex
bureaucratic mechanisms, it is especially important that the
elderly have one place to turn where they can obtain needed
information and let their views be heard.
As I have already noted, we have been moving in this
direction under my program to upgrade the quality of nursing
home care. Following the directive which I announced at the
White House Conference on Aging, Social Security offices have
also been expanding their information and referral services for
the elderly. District and branch offices are now handling more
than 200,000 such inquiries each month -- and that number is
expected to increase. A task force is now at work within the
Social Security Administration to examine ways of improving
this service.
As another step in this direction, I have directed the
Cabinet-level Committee on Aging to examine ways in which we
.can use other Government offices --- such as the General
Services Administration's Federal Information Centers and
the Agricultural Extension Service's local offices -- in further
expanding and improving our information and complaint services.
Fighting Hunger and Malnutrition
In addition to our overall funding and coordination
proposals concerning Federal services, we are also moving
ahead in a variety of specific service areas. One of the
most important is the fight against hunger and malnutrition
among the elderly.
The thought that any older citizens - after a lifetime
of service to their communities and country -- may suffer
from hunger or malnutrition is intolerable. Happily, since
I submitted my message on hunger and nutrition to the
Congress in May of 1969, we have made significant strides
toward eliminating this problem among all age groups in
America. Our efforts to increase incomes have been central
to this endeavor, of course. But our special food
assistance programs have also been substantially augmented.
If my budget proposals for fiscal year 1973 are accepted,
overall spending for food stamps will have increased nine-
fold since 1969. In the coming fiscal year, an estimated
2 million elderly participants in the Food Stamp Program
will receive benefits of $343.5 million, compared with only
$45.8 million in fiscal year 1969. Virtually every county
in the Nation now offers either the Food Stamp or the Food
Distribution Program; in early 1969, nearly 500 counties
offered neither. In all, 2.5 million older Americans benefit
from at least one of these programs.
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Food assistance is important to the elderly. They
benefit not only from nutritious food but also from the
activity of preparing meals and sharing mealtimes with
others. To maximize these benefits, the Department of
Agriculture in January revised its regulations to improve
the nutrition program and expand participation.
But more needs to be done. Many older persons who are
entitled to food stamps or to surplus commodities are still
not receiving them. Why is this the case? In many instances,
older Americans do not realize they are eligible for partici-
pation. The agencies which provide assistance are often unaware
of older persons who need their services. Some older persons
choose not to participate -- out of pride or out of fear that
accepting food assistance may subject them to the arbitrary
treatment they associate with the present welfare system.
In some cases, older persons want to participate but find
that necessary transportation is unavailable.
To overcome the barriers which keep older Americans
from full participation in food assistance programs, we
are launching this year a major outreach campaign called
Project FIND. This campaign will be conducted through
a senior citizen awareness network made up of federally
operated or funded field offices and outreach workers.
It is my hope that Federally-supported personnel will be
augmented in this effort by volunteers from State local
government offices and from the private sector. For ninety
days, all these workers will go out across our country to
find those who should be participating in nutrition programs
but who are not yet involved.
Last night, I signed into law S. 1163, a new national
nutrition program for the elderly. This program will
provide prepared meals in a group setting and delivered
meals for those who are confined to their homes. I welcome
this effort. Because of my strong feeling that this area
should be one of priority action, I will submit to the
Congress -- as I suggested above --- an amendment to my
1973 budget to provide an additional $100 million for
nutritional and related services. My proposed amendments to
the Older Americans Act would further strengthen this effort
by ensuring that the Food Stamp Program is planned as part
of a more comprehensive service effort.
Other steps will also be taken in this area. In some
areas, for example, space at federally-assisted housing
projects will be utilized for feeding older persons. The
support of State and local governments, of civic and
religious organizations and of the food services industry
will also be solicited. Maximum use will be made of existing
technical resources, including skilled personnel who have
worked with the school lunch program and other special
programs of the Department of Agriculture. The time has
come for marshalling all of our resources in a comprehensive
campaign to meet the nutrition needs of older Americans.
Providing Better Transportation for the Elderly
For many older Americans, lack of mobility means poor
access to friends and relatives, to government services and
to meaningful participation in the community. Unless we
meet the challenge of providing better transportation for
older persons, our efforts in other fields will not be as
effective as they should be. This is why I told the delegates
to the White House Conference on Aging that I would, by
administrative action, require that Federal grants which
provide services for older persons also ensure that the
transportation needed to take advantage of these services
is available.
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In addition, the Department of Transportation is sig-
nificantly increasing its program for developing new ways
to meet the public transportation needs of older persons.
The approaches which are being tested include special new
transportation services to take elderly citizens from
housing projects and other residential areas to hospitals,
senior citizen centers, social service agencies, employment
opportunities and the like; and demand-responsive services
whereby the elderly are picked up at their doorsteps and
taken to specific desired destinations.
Once new ways have been developed for meeting the
transportation needs of the elderly, we must also make
them generally available. One proposal which could help
significantly in this effort is the recommendation recently
submitted to the Congress by the Secretary of Transportation
under which some of the funds now in the Highway Trust
Fund could be used by States and localities to augment
resources in the mass transportation area.
I hope the Congress will give prompt approval to this
important plan. The flexibility it provides would allow
State and local officials -- who know best the transportation
needs of the elderly within their own jurisdictions -- to
give special consideration to meeting those needs. I am
asking the Secretary of Transportation to develop specific
suggestions for assisting the States and localities in these
undertakings.
In addition, the Department of Transportation is ready
to give priority attention to community requests for helping
older Americans through capital grants from the Urban Mass
Transportation Fund and is willing to commit significant
resources to this end. I urge the States and localities
to move immediately to take advantage of these resources.
Meeting the Housing Needs of Older Citizens
This Administration has also worked hard to respond to the
very special housing needs of older Americans. It is expected,
for example, that an all-time record in producing subsidized
and insured housing and nursing homes for the elderly will
be achieved this year by the Department of Housing and
Urban Development. In the current fiscal year, nearly
66,000 units of subsidized housing for the elderly will be
funded under HUD's housing assistance programs -- a figure
which should rise to over 82,000 in fiscal year 1973. In
addition, accommodations for over 14,000 people, mostly
elderly, will be provided this fiscal year under HUD's
nursing and intermediate care facility programs -- and
nearly 18,000 such accommodations will be provided next
year. Finally, a large number of elderly citizens will
benefit from other housing funded by this year's record
number of nearly 600,000 subsidized housing unit reserva-
tions. Clearly, we are making substantial progress in
this important area.
A number of other administrative steps have also been
taken to ensure that this new housing is responsive to the
special needs of the elderly. For example, Secretary Romney
recently announced new guidelines for the Section 236 sub-
sidized rental program for lower income elderly tenants.
These guidelines will help ensure greater variety in
building types, including highrise structures, and more
flexibility in their locations. As a result of these guide-
lines, older persons will find such housing arrangements
even better suited to their particular needs.
The Department of Housing and Urban Development has also
issued initial guidelines for the new Section 106 (a) program
which will provide technical assistance to non-profit
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sponsors of low and moderate income housing -- including
housing which is specially designed for the elderly.
In addition, the Department will extend the mortgage
maturity for its Federal Housing Administration insured
nursing home program up to a maximum of 40 years. This
decision will not only reduce monthly occupancy charges to
patients, but it will also enable sponsors of residential
housing to "package" residential and nursing home complexes
more easily. The proximity of these facilities will permit
elderly persons temporarily to vacate their residential
units for short term nursing care -- and at the same time
remain close to family, friends, and the environment to
which they are accustomed.
I have also directed the Secretary of Housing and Urban
Development to work with the Administration on Aging in
developing training programs dealing with the management
of housing for the elderly.
The Law Enforcement Assistance Administration has
undertaken an intensive research effort to determine factors
which encourage or inhibit crime in residential settings and
to develop total security systems to reduce crime in housing
projects. The Department of Housing and Urban Development
plans to use the results of this effort in its housing
programs. I have also made grant funds available through
the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration for reducing
crime in areas housing older persons. Already, in two cities,
funds have been granted specifically for this purpose.
Crime is an especially serious problem for our older
citizens. Through these and other measures, we will continue
our strong effort to meet this challenge.
Two years ago my task force on aging observed that "older
persons would make greater use of many of the services society
intends them to receive if these services were made more
accessible to them. One reason that the number of senior
centers has increased so fast is because centers facilitate
the packaging, marketing, and delivery of services." The task
force also noted that, "although the number of senior centers
has rapidly grown in recent years, centers are still too
limited in number to reach more than a fraction of the older
population." In my judgement, a natural location for a
senior center is a housing facility occupied primarily by
older persons.
The Department of Housing and Urban Development administers
two housing programs under which such facilities can be made
available to older persons living in the project and in the
surrounding neighborhood: the Section 236 Program and the
Public Housing Program. Both of these programs provide
specially designed housing for lower income older persons.
The law under which these programs are administered contains
language which allows the financing of facilities designed
primarily for use by older persons including "cafeteria or
dining halls, community rooms, workshops, infirmaries
and other essential service facilities."
To increase the supply of well located senior centers,
I have instructed the Department of Housing and Urban
Development to encourage greater provision of community
space for senior centers within subsidized housing projects
for the elderly. The Department will consider the com-
munity's overall need for these centers in determining the
appropriate scale of centers within such housing projects.
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21
On other fronts, the Farmers Home Administration in the
Department of Agriculture is taking steps to meet the housing
needs of elderly persons who live in rural areas. Under the
Section 502 program, for example, thousands of elderly families
have received millions of dollars in loans for home ownership
and repair. The Section 515 program, which provides favorable
interest loans with repayment periods of up to 50 years to
stimulate the development of rental housing in rural areas,
has also moved forward. Rental units financed under this
program have tripled from 1969 to 1973.
EXPANDING OPPORTUNITIES FOR INVOLVEMENT
It is important that we give sufficient attention to the
things our Nation should be doing for older Americans. But it
is just as important that we remember how much older Americans
can do for their Nation. For above all else, what our older
citizens want from their country is a chance to be a part of
it, a chance to be involved, a chance to contribute.
I am determined that they will have that chance. For as I
told the White House Conference, "we cannot be at our best if
we keep our most experienced players on the bench. 17 This
Administration is deeply committed to involving older citizens
as actively as possible in the life of our Nation -- by enhancing
their opportunities both for voluntary service and for regular
employment.
Improving Voluntary Service Programs
Voluntary social action has long been recognized as one of
the great distinguishing characteristics of America, a force
which has helped to unite and focus our diverse people in the
pursuit of common goals. And even as the voluntary spirit has
helped our country move forward more effectively, it has also
provided those who have volunteered for service with a greater
sense of fulfillment.
The voluntary spirit is particularly relevant to the lives
of older Americans. The White House Conference on Aging, for
example, called attention to "ways in which older Americans
could fulfill themselves by giving service to one another and
to their communities." Delegates to the Conference called for
"a national policy to encourage older adults to volunteer,"
and urged "that existing national older adult voluntary pro-
grams should be expanded and funded at adequate levels in
order to serve extensive numbers of volunteers." They urged
a mobilization of public and private organizations to strengthen
the volunteer movement.
I agree completely with these judgments. That is why, at
the time of the White House Conference, I pledged to move suc-
cessful voluntary programs from demonstration status to full
operation on the national level, an expansion effort that is
rapidly moving forward.
I requested, for example, that the Foster Grandparent
program be doubled to $25 million, providing for 11,500 foster
grandparents to serve 23,000 children each day -- 50,000 children
in all each year -- in some 450 child care institutions through-
out the country. I also asked that ACTION's Retired Senior
Volunteer Program (RSVP) be tripled to $15 million SO that
as many as 75,000 senior volunteers could be involved in
community services.
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When the RSVP program has developed to the full extent
permitted by the new appropriations, as many as 11,000
volunteers will be serving older persons in nursing homes and
other extended care facilities, bringing companionship and
personal assistance to some 45,000 residents who might other-
wise be lonely and isolated. At the same time, as many as
13,000 part-time RSVP volunteers will be serving as homemaker
and health aids, enabling thousands of older persons to con-
tinue to live in their own homes. By.using senior volunteers in
a variety of programs, we can foster that human contact which
brightens the lives both of those who are served and those
who volunteer.
But other new steps are also needed in this area.
As one such step, the Congress should enact legislation
which would enable the ACTION agency to expand person-to-
person volunteer service programs for older Americans. These
efforts would build on the successful experience of the
Foster Grandparent program. One important characteristic
of such programs is that so much good can be accomplished,
so many people helped, for a relatively small dollar invest-
ment. It would indeed be tragic if we did not capitalize
on this opportunity.
Measures are also needed to improve coordination among
the many Federal and non-Federal volunteer activities which
affect the aging. As one important step in this direction,
the Administration on Aging and the National Center for
Voluntary Action have enlisted the cooperation of 130
national voluntary organizations in a program to help older
men and women in 300 communities live dignified lives in
the familiar settings of their own homes. Too often, older
Americans are displaced from such settings simply because
small problems such as simple home repairs, shopping and
trips to obtain health care have become too difficult. And
yet, with only minimal assistance from volunteers, these
problems could easily be met.
I have directed the ACTION agency to work in every possible
way to help provide such assistance. Already, the RSVP program
is moving forward in this area. I am confident that other
ACTION program volunteers can also make a major impact in
this field. It is my hope, too, that communities will
consider the elderly residents of federally assisted housing
projects as a source of volunteer manpower for serving other
older persons.
As we move ahead with this entire program, we should take
encouragement from successes of the past. One which is
particularly noteworthy is the program in Mount Vernon and
Edmunds, Washington, where local citizens have designed a
unique bridge across the generation gap called STEP -- Service
To Elderly Persons. Under this program, volunteers from the
local high schools have undertaken, on a regular basis, to
assist elderly persons in performing small tasks, while at
the same time providing them with companionship and renewed
hope. Everyone gains from a program of this sort. If leaders
at every level are alert to such possibilities, our progress
can be enormous.
Often in quiet ways, the people of the United States
have been responding to the challenges of our society with
compassion and resourcefulness. Now it is for those of us
who have the responsibility for national leadership to
provide the Federal assistance which can help such voluntary
efforts go even further and accomplish even more.
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Employment Opportunities for Older Citizens
Discrimination based on age - what some people call
"age-ism" -- can be as great an evil in our society as
discrimination based on race or religion or any other
characteristic which ignores a person's unique status as
an individual and treats him or her as a member of some
arbitrarily-defined group. Especially in the employment
field, discrimination based on age is cruel and self-
defeating; it destroys the spirit of those who want to
work and it denies the Nation the contribution they could
make if they were working.
We are responding to this problem in a number of ways.
The Department of Labor, for example, has filed over 80 suits
under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 --
30 of which have been successfully concluded. I will soon
propose to the Congress that this act be broadened to include
what is perhaps the fastest growing area of employment in our
economy -- the State and local governments. I will also
send a directive to the heads of all Federal departments and
agencies reaffirming and emphasizing our policy that age
shall be no bar to a Federal job which an individual is
otherwise qualified to perform.
The Age Discrimination in Employment Act relates to persons
between the ages of 45 and 65. I recognize that persons
falling within this age group are confronted with special
problems in the employment area and that we should do every-
thing we can to resolve these problems. It is also important,
however, that we help open employment opportunities for
persons over 65. To this end, I have requested the Secretary
of Labor to urge the States and local communities to include
older persons in the opportunities provided by the Emergency
Employment Act of 1971, and to work with our public employment
offices so that they will be in a position to help open job
opportunities for the over 65 group, including opportunities
for part-time employment in both the public and private sectors.
I also asked last fall that funds be doubled for special
Operation Mainstream projects for low-income older workers -
such as Green Thumb and Senior Aides. This measure can mean
that as many as 10,000 older persons will be employed in
activities that provide useful community service.
ORGANIZING FOR FUTURE ACTION
One of the important concerns of the White House Conference
on Aging was the way in which the Government is organized to
deal with the problems of older Americans. It was because I
share this concern that I established my original task force
on aging, appointed the first Special Assistant to the
President on Aging and the first Special Consultant to the
President on Aging, set up a new Cabinet-level Committee on
Aging and called the White House Conference.
In a similar manner, the Secretary of Health, Education,
and Welfare has taken steps to ensure that the voice of
older Americans speaks loud and clear within that Department.
He has informed me that he will strengthen the Department's
Advisory Committee on Older Americans and provide it with
staff capability to support its increased responsibilities.
The Commissioner of Aging, in his capacity as Chairman of the
Advisory Committee, will report directly to the Secretary.
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Another important organizational concern involves
Government research activities which concern the process and
problems of aging. It is important that the same scientific
resources which have helped more people live longer lives
now be applied to the challenge of making those lives full
and rewarding for more Americans. Only through a wise invest-
ment in research now, can we be sure that our medical triumphs
of the past will not lead to social tragedies in the future.
What we need is a comprehensive, coordinated research
program, one which includes disciplines ranging from biomedical
research to transportation systems analysis, from psychology
and sociology to management science and economics. To co-
ordinate the development of such a program, a new Technical
Advisory Committee for Aging Research will be created in the
office of the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare.
A GENERATION NO LONGER FORGOTTEN
We all grow old; the younger generation today will be the
older generation tomorrow. As we address the needs of older
Americans, therefore, we are truly acting in the best interest
of all Americans. The actions and proposals which have been
outlined in this message are designed to address those needs
and meet those interests.
When I spoke about the problems of the elderly back in
1968, I described our older citizens as "an entire generation
of forgotten Americans." But since that time, as this message
clearly demonstrates, that situation has sharply changed.
Today, it can truly be said that at all levels of Government
and in all parts of the country, "the aging have come of age."
Much work still remains, to be sure, but we can conclude with
assurance that the aging are forgotten no longer.
Just before the First World War, one of the brilliant young
writers of that day penned a line which has since become a
hallmark of the period: "It is the glory of the present age,"
he wrote, "that in it one can be young.
Since that time, the generation of which he wrote has
come through a troubled and challenging time -- through two
World Wars and a Great Depression, through the difficult
experiences of Korea and Vietnam. The members of that same
generation have led this country through a time of social and
economic change unparalleled in world history. And they have
come through all of these challenges "with colors flying."
Because of their success, we now have the opportunity to
complete their quest for peace and justice at home and
around the world.
At such a moment, one obligation should be very high
on our list of priorities: our obligation to this older
generation. Let us work to make ours a time of which it
can be said, "the glory of the present age is that in it
men and women can grow old" -- and can do so with grace
and pride and dignity, honored and useful citizens of
the land they did so much to build.
RICHARD NIXON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
March 23, 1972.
#####
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
FROM: State of Michigan
Commission on Aging
Suite 700, Commerce Center Bldg.
300 South Capitol Avenue
Lansing, Michigan 48926
Phone: 517-373-0590
Frances J. Sims
Public Information Specialist
ACTION Grant
WASHINGTON, D. C.--ACTION, the citizens service corps, has awarded
$93,628 to the Michigan Commission on Aging to develop Retired Senior
Volunteer Programs throughout Michigan, according to ACTION Director
Joe Blatchford.
The Retired Senior Volunteer Program (RSVP) provides opportunities
for retired persons age 60 and over to serve on a regular basis in a
variety of volunteer activities in their own communities.
The two-year development grant to the state agency in Lansing will
provide salaries and support services for two resource specialists who will
assist communities across the state in developing RSVP programs. The
resource specialists will give technical assistance to local community
organizations, develop community support and involvement, and establish
means for the interchange of Information among varied programs and
organizations.
This grant is a result of President Nixon's request to Congress last
fall, following the White House Conference on the Aging, to greatly expand
opportunities for meaningful volunteer service for older Americans.
-MORE-
ACTION Grant
First and last add
RSVP was started in 1969 by the U. S. Department of Health, Education
and Welfare and became operational last July when it became part of ACTION.
RSVP is planned, organized and operated on the local level. It is
developed under the auspices of an established community-service organization
or agency. Any retired person age 60 and over can become a RSVP volunteer;
there are no education, income or experience requirements.
Volunteers serve in a variety of organizations, agencies and institu-
tions such as courts, schools, libraries, day care centers, hospitals, nursing
homes, scout offices, economic development agencies and other community
service centers.
RSVP volunteers serve without compensation, although they may be
reimbursed for such expenses as transportation and meals.
Other ACTION programs are the Peace Corps, Volunteers in Service to
America (VISTA), Foster Grandparent Program, Service Corps of Retired
Executives (SCORE), Active Corps of Executives (ACE) and University Year
for ACTION.
MCA/FJS
Series 341
7/25/72
92D CONGRESS
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
REPORT
2d Session
No. 92-1026
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGING
APRIL 27, 1972.-Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the
State of the Union and ordered to be printed
Mr. STAGGERS, from the Committee on Interstate and Foreign
Commerce, submitted the following
REPORT
[To accompany H.R. 14424]
The Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, to whom was
referred the bill (H.R. 14424), to amend the Public Health Service Act
to provide for the establishment of a National Institute of Aging, and
for other purposes, having considered the same, report favorably
thereon without amendment and recommend that the bill do pass.
PURPOSE OF THE LEGISLATION
The reported bill provides for the establishment in the National
Institutes of Health of a new institute to be known as the National
Institute of Aging, to serve as a focal point for the activities of the
National Institutes of Health which relate to the olderly, including the
aging process and diseases which affect primarily the aged. The bill also
provides for the establishment of an Advisory Council similar to the
other advisory councils in the National Institutes of Health, but with
the additional duties of advising the Secretary of Health, Education,
and Welfare on programs relating to the aged which are administered
by him, and reporting to the President for transmittal to the Congress
an evaluation of those programs. The legislation also amends the
Community Mental Health Centers Act to provide a 1-vear program
of matching grants for construction and staffing of facilities for the
mental health of the aged. The bill was reported to the House by a
voice vote. No amendments were offered to the bill during committee
consideration.
HEARINGS-COST
The Subcommittee on Public Health and Environment held hear-
ings on March 14, 15, 16, 1972, on bills establishing a National Institute
of Aging, and a number of other bills establishing a National Geron-
65-081 o
2
3
tology Institute. Following the hearings and executive session
consideration, a clean bill was introduced at the request of the sub-
expectancy by over 3 years for persons 65 years of age. If major ad-
committee by Mr. Springer, the sponsor of the original legislation in
vances in the control of intrinsic aging influences were achieved,
1960, for himself and members of the Subcommittee on Public Health
increases in life expectancy in the later years of up to 25 years would
and Environment. The clean bill was then considered by the full
be possible.
committee and ordered reported to the House.
Research on retirement and the retired has focused attention on the
The bill authorizes a total of $20 million in appropriations for fiscal
health and economic status of older people. Poor health is a major
year 1973 for programs under the Community Mental Health Centers
reason for retirement. Of every 10 persons age 65 or over, eight have at
relating to mental health of the aged. The costs associated with the
least one chronic health problem, and four have some limitation on
establishment of a new institute cannot be ascertained, since no new
activity as compared to earlier years.
authority is granted to the National Institutes of Health by the legis-
As a result of declining health, persons age 65 and over are twice
lation. The bill merely consolidates the authorities of a variety of
as likely as younger ones to be physically disabled and to require
institutes, primarily the National Institute of Child Health and
hospitalization. Once hospitalized, they usually remain in the hospital
Human Development, which relate to the aging process and problems
twice as long as younger persons. The cost of health care to older
of the aged, into a new institute.
persons, consequently, is over twice the costs to younger persons.
The committee is convinced that the existing programs of the
WHITE HOUSE CONFERENCE ON AGING
National Institutes of Health have not given sufficient emphasis to
the problem of aging and the problems of the aged. During the hearings
Public Law 90-526 called for a White House Conference on Aging,
it was repeatedly pointed out that we understand very little about the
to be held in 1971. The conference was held November 28, to Decem-
aging process, and means to slow it or arrest it. It has been discovered
ber 2, 1971, involving 3,400 delegates from every State in the Union.
that the average lifespan of a number of strains of mice can be
The recommendations of that conference were printed as Senate
significantly increased by the addition of one of a number of relatively
Document 92-53. That conference made a substantial number of
common chemicals called antioxidants to the daily diet. In some
recommendations, including recommendations for the establishment
cases these increases in average lifespan have been as much as 25 to 45
of a National Institute on Aging, and also for the establishment of
percent and it may be that this could be done in human beings as
adequate staffed and programed comprehensive mental health diag-
well. We seem to be near the practical limit of our ability to increase
nostic and treatment centers. This legislation would carry out these
the average lifespan through conventional means. The average life-
recommendations.
span has remained essentially constant at around 70 years for the past
NEED FOR LEGISLATION
20 years. It is now time therefore to seriously consider to try and
slow the aging process. If this can be accomplished, the result will be
The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
significant increases in the years of useful healthy life.
was established pursuant to legislation recommended to the House
The major problem of the aged is the maintenance of functional
by this committee in 1962. This institute today covers the process
capabilities, both mental and physical, to the maximum extent SO as
of development of the young, the adult population, and the elderly.
to make life worth living for as long as possible. An important function
Approximately 11 percent of the budget of the National Institute
of the new Institute will be to actively expand current and future
of Child Health and Human Development, since 1964, has been
research leading to the accomplishment of this goal.
devoted to aging. The remainder of the funds appropriated to that
The committee feels that the importance of this goal is such that
institute have been devoted primarily to child health (approximately
an institute should be created with the function of concentrating its
58 percent) and population research (approximately 31 percent.)
efforts in this area, rather than continuing the existing situation in
The number of older people in the United States is growing faster
which the problems of the aged are required to compete within the
than the population is growing as a whole. At present rates of growth,
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development with
the population of the United States age 65 and over will number
other problems covered by that Institute.
about 28 million persons by the end of this century, and will account
for between 11 and 16 percent of the population, depending upon the
MENTAL HEALTH OF THE AGED
birth rate in the United States over the next three decades. For men
who reach age 65, the expected number of remaining years of life—
The bill adds a new part G to the Community Mental Health
13-has risen by less than 2 years since 1900; for women it has risen
Centers Act authorizing a program of grants to public or nonprofit
by 4 years, or to an expected age of 82. The greater increase in the
private agencies and organizations for construction of facilities for the
life expectancy of women increases the ratio of older women to older
mental health of the aged, the cost of professional and technical
men: it is already 139 to 100 and will soon be higher.
personnel in new facilities for the mental health of the aged or in new
Changes in mortality rates could have significant effects upon the
services in existing facilities, and for training and program evaluation.
composition of the population of the United States. Reduction in
The section in essence parallels the provisions for specialized programs
mortality, currently attributable to major cardiovascular-renal
for alcoholics, drug abusers and children already authorized by the
disease by 50 percent would have the potential of increasing life
Centers Act. A grant may be made only to a facility that is part of or
H. Rept. 92-1026
affiliated with a community mental health center or, if there is no
H. Rept. 92-1026
4
5
such center, to a facility with respect to which provision has been made
and section 2 amending the Community Mental Health Centers Act
for appropriate utilization of existing community resources. An
to establish a program for the mental health of the aged.
applicant for a grant must also assure that a full range of treatment,
The first section adds a new part H to title IV of the Public Health
liaison, and followup services and, if requested, consultation and
Service Act consisting of three sections, sections 461, 462, and 463.
education services will be provided. The committee authorized, for
Section 461 provides for the establishment of the National Institute
fiscal year 1973, $5 million for construction and $15 million for staffing,
of Aging to conduct and support (1) research on the aging process,
training, and evaluation. Continuation staffing grants through fiscal
(2) research on preventive measures with respect to the special health
year 1980 are also authorized.
problems and requirements of the aged, and (3) research on treatment
While all centers funded under the Community Mental Health
and cures for the other special health problems and requirements of
Centers Act may provide services for the aged, few have provided
the aged.
comprehensive specialized programs targeted to meet the needs of
The proposed new section 462 establishes a National Advisory
this group. This legislation will provide the incentives necessary to
Council on Aging which shall be appointed in the same fashion as other
develop comprehensive programs and will stimulate services responsive
advisory councils of the National Institutes of Health, except that
to the needs of this new target population which, under existing
the Secretary may include on the Advisory Council such ex-officio
authorities, has been sadly neglected. This population group currently
members as he deems necessary. The Advisory Council is also given
constitutes the largest age group in our mental hospitals; and the
the duty of advising, consulting with, and making recommendations
incidence of psychiatric disturbances is highest among the elderly. The
to the Secretary on all programs relating to aged which are adminis-
Special Concerns Session on Mental Health Care Strategies and Aging
tered by him. The Council also shall monitor such programs and the
of the 1971 White House Conference on Aging noted that among this
programs conducted by the Institute, and submit to the President
age group "[m]ental impairment and a wide variety of functional
annually for transmittal to the Congress an evaluation of the efficacy
disorders are common," and also noted the widespread "[d]epressive
of such programs, together with recommendations for improvements.
reaction to the changes in role, status, appearance, and to decrements
The proposed new section 463 provides for the transfer to the Insti-
of function or ill health" characteristic of this age group. Other prob-
tute of the functions of other institutes of the National Institutes of
lems specific to the aged include feelings of worthlessness, uselessness,
Health which relate to the functions of the new National Institute of
isolation and loneliness, feelings helped in no small part by accom-
Aging, and provides the same authority for the new Institute as other
panying physical deterioration. The challenges presented by these
Institutes now have.
very real and pressing needs are great; yet the Senate Special Commit-
Section 2 of the bill would add a new part G to the Community
tee on Aging has noted that "progress during the past decade has
Mental Health Centers Act relating to mental health of the aged, con-
been sporadic and, in some ways, perhaps even retroagressive. In
sisting of two new sections, sections 281 and 282.
addition, committee inquiry has produced information which tends
The proposed new section 281 authorizes grants for the cost of con-
to confirm the overall impression of limited achievement." This
legislation clearly is needed to end an intolerable situation.
struction of facilities to provide mental health services for the aged,
and a portion of the costs of compensation of professional and tech-
A large number of the aged are treated in inappropriate custodial
nical personnel for the operation of a facility for mental health of the
settings. Alternatives to institutionalization, emphasizing outpatient
aged.
treatment and reliance on community resources, must be encouraged.
Grants may be made only with respect to facilities which are part
This is what this bill does. The community mental health center, the
of or affiliated with a community mental health center, or where there
focus of support, is the logical resource of choice. Already widespread
is no such center, satisfactory provision must be made for appropriate
geographically, these facilities offer a variety of treatment programs,
authorization of existing community resources needed for an adequate
ranging from emergency and day care to extended care, and including
program of prevention and treatment of mental health problems of the
a full range of intermediate, alternative services. The centers' links
aged.
with community services, moreover, offer a great potential for com-
This section authorizes for the fiscal year 1973 $5 million for grants
munity involvement with the concerns of the aged.
for construction, and $15 million for grants for compensation of pro-
The bill's concern not merely with the proliferation of facilities for
fessional and technical personnel and for training and evaluation
the aged but for the total needs of the aged is underscored by the
grants.
emphasis on staffing assistance, training, and education. The bulk
The proposed new section 282 authorizes grants for specialized
of the funds authorized are for the provision of services, not con-
training programs relating to the mental health of the aged, and sur-
struction. The bill specifically attempts to encourage better ways of
veys and field trials to evaluate the adequacy of programs for the
responding to the particular needs of the aged and to help orient staff's
mental health of the aged within the United States.
special attention to those needs.
AGENCY REPORTS
DESCRIPTION OF LEGISLATION
H.R. 14424 is a clean bill, introduced after the close of the hearings,
The bill consists of two sections; the first amending the Public
and no agency reports have been received on it.
Health Service Act to establish a new National Institute of Aging,
H. Rept. 92-1026
H. Rept. 92-1026
6
The report of the Office of Management and Budget on H.R. 188
CHANGES IN EXISTING LAW MADE BY THE BILL, AS REPORTED
and H.R. 3336 is included for the information of members.
In compliance with clause 3 of rule XIII of the Rules of the House
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT,
of Representatives, changes in existing law made by the bill, as re-
OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET,
ported, are shown as follows (existing law proposed to be omitted is
Washington, D.C., April 25, 1972.
enclosed in black brackets, new matter is printed in italic, existing law
Hon. HARLEY O. STAGGERS,
in which no change is proposed is shown in roman):
Chairman, Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, House of
Representatives, Rayburn House Office Building, Washington, D.C.
TITLE IV OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE ACT
DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: This is in response to your requests of
TITLE IV-NATIONAL RESEARCH INSTITUTES
February 8, 1971, and February 17, 1971, for the views of this Office
on H.R. 188 and H.R. 3336, identical bills, "To amend the Public
Health Service Act to provide for the establishment of a National
PART H-NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGING
Institute of Gerontology," and your request of December 15, 1971,
for our views on H.R. 12308, a bill "To amend the Public Health
ESTABLISHMENT OF NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGING
Service Act to provide for the establishment of a National Institute
of Aging, and for other purposes.
SEC. 461. For the purpose of conducting and supporting (1) research on
In testimony before your Committee on March 14, 1972, the
the aging process, (2) research on preventive measures with respect to the
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare stated its objections
special health problems and requirements of the aged, and (3) research on
to legislation that would establish a new National Institute to conduct
treatment and cures for the other special health problems and requirements
and support research on the health problems of the aged. The Depart-
of the aged, the Secretary shall establish in the Public Health Service an
ment noted that responsibility for conducting research on the bio-
institute to be known as the National Institute of Aging (hereinatter in
logical medical and behavioral aspects of aging was assigned to the
this part referred to as the "Institute").
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development of the
National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the legislation that established
NATIONAL ADVISORY COUNCIL ON AGING
the Institute (P.L. 87-838). Under that authority, the Institute con-
ducts studies of the aging process as it occurs during the entire period
Sec. 462. (a) The Secretary shall establish a National Advisory
of the adult years, as well as studies that relate the events of childhood
Council on Aging to advise, consult with, and make recommendations to
to the events of health and disease in the later years.
him on programs relating to the aged which are administered by him
Among its objections to the provisions of bills which would estab-
and on those matters which relate to the Institute. The Advisory Council
lish a new institute, the Department stated that disease-oriented re-
shall monitor such programs and the programs conducted by the Institute
search which is presently conducted by the individual institutes
and shall submit to the President annually for transmittal to the Congress
within NIH is more appropriately concerned with diseases as they
an evaluation of the efficacy of such programs of the Institute and the
affect persons at all age levels. It would be impractical and duplicative
Secretary and suggestions and recommendations for improvements,
to consider diseases only as they affect the aged. Moreover, the es-
(b) The provisions relating to the composition, terms of office of members,
tablishment of a new institute would of necessity increase the propor-
and reappointment of members of advisory councils under section 432(a)
tionate administrative costs of conducting research on aging, without
shall be applicable to the Advisory Council established under this section,
necessarily increasing the productivity of the research area.
except that the Secretary may include on such Advisory Council such
With respect to the mental health provisions in H.R. 12308, the
additional ex officio members as he deems necessary.
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare notes that the mental
(c) Upon appointment of such Advisory Council, it shall assume all,
health services the bill would authorize for the aged are already
or such part as the Secretary may specify, of the duties, functions, and
authorized and conducted under the Community Mental Health
powers of the National Advisory Health Council relating to programs
Centers program.
for the aged with which the Advisory Council established under this part
We concur in the views expressed by the Department that creation
is concerned and such portion as the Secretary may specify of the duties,
of a separate gerontological institute is both unnecessary and un-
functions, and powers of any other advisory council established under
desirable. Accordingly, we recommend against enactment of H.R.
this Act relating to programs for the aged.
188, H R. 3336, and H.R. 12308.
FUNCTIONS
Sincerely,
WILFRED H. ROMMEL,
SEC. 463. The Secretary shall, through the Institute, carry out the
Assistant Director for Legislative Reference.
purposes of section 301 with respect to research, investigations, experi-
ments, demonstrations, and studies related to the diseases and the special
health problems and requirements of the aged, except that the Secretary
shall determine the areas in which and the extent to which he will carry
H. Rept. 92-1026
H. Rept. 92-1026
8
9
out such purposes of section 301 through the Institute or another institute
(c) Grants made under this section for costs of compensation of profes-
established by or under other provisions of this Act, or both of them, when
sional and technical personnel may not exceed the percentages of such
both such institutes have functions with respect to the same subject matter.
costs, and may be made only for the periods, prescribed for grants for such
The Secretary may also provide training and instruction and establish
costs under section 242.
traineeships and fellowships, in the Institute and elsewhere, in matters
(d) (1) There are authorized to be appropriated for the fiscal year ending
relating to the study and investigation of the diseases and the special
June 30, 1973, (A) $5,000,000 for grants under this section for construc-
health problems and requirements of the aged. The Secretary may provide
tion, and (B) $15,000,000 for initial grants under this section for com-
trainees and fellows participating in such training and instruction or in
pensation of professional and technical personnel and for training and
such traineeships and fellowships with such stipends and allowances
evaluation grants under section 282.
(including travel and subsistence expenses and dependency allowances) as
(2) There are authorized to be appropriated for the fiscal year ending
he deems necessary and, in addition, provide for such training, instruction,
June 30, 1974, and for each of the next six fiscal years such sums as may
traineeships, and fellowships through grants to public or other nonprofit
be necessary to continue to make grants with respect to any project under
institutions.
this section for which an initial staffing grant was made from appropria-
tions under paragraph (1) (B) for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1973.
COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH CENTERS ACT
TRAINING AND EVALUATION
PART G-MENTAL HEALTH OF THE AGED
SEC. 282. The Secretary is authorized, during the period beginning
July 1, 1972, and ending with the close of June 30, 1973, to make grants
GRANTS FOR FACILITIES AND STAFFING
to public or nonprofit private agencies or organizations to cover part or
all of the cost of (1) developing specialized training programs or materials
SEC. 281. (a) Grants may be made to public or nonprofit private agencies
relating to the provision of services for the mental health of the aged, or
and organizations (1) to assist them in meeting the costs of construction
developing inservice training or short-term or refresher courses with re-
of facilities to provide mental health services for the aged within the States,
spect to the provision of such services; (2) training personnel to operate,
and (2) to assist them in meeting a portion of the costs (determined pur-
supervise, and administer such services; and (3) conducting surveys and
suant to regulations of the Secretary) of compensation of professional and
field trials to evaluate the adequacy of the programs for the mental health
technical personnel for the operation of a facility for mental health of the
of the aged within the United States with a view to determining ways and
aged constructed with a grant made under part A of this section or for the
means of improving, extending, and expanding such programs.
operation of new services for mental health of the aged in an existing
facility.
(b) (1) Grants may be made under this section only with respect to (A)
facilities which are part of or affiliated with a community mental health
center providing at least those essential services which are prescribed by
the Secretary, or (B) where there is no such center serving the community
in which such facilities are to be situated, facilities with respect to which
satisfactory provision (as determined by the Secretary) has been made for
appropriate utilization of existing community resources needed for an
adequate program of prevention and treatment of mental health problems
of the aged.
(2) No grant shall be made under this section with respect to any facility
unless the applicant for such grant provides assurances satisfactory to
the Secretary that such facility will make available a full range of treat-
ment, liaison, and follow-up services (as prescribed by the Secretary)
for the aged in the service area of such facility who need such services,
and will, when so requested, provide consultation and education for
personnel of other community agencies serving the aged in such area.
(3) The grant program for construction of facilities authorized by
subsection (a) shall be carried out consistently with the grant program
under part A, except that the amount of any such grant with respect to
any project shall be such percentage of the cost thereof, but not in excess
of 66½ per centum (or 90 per centum in the case of a facility providing
services in an area designated by the Secretary as an urban or rural
poverty area), as the Secretary may determine.
H. Rept. 92-1026
H. Rept. 92 1026
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Union Calendar No. 527
Insurancent doncosor (ε) bas ,bogs odt to алиэшэтіпрэт birs s
92D CONGRESS
-этівр SESSION amele H.R. 14424 29TU0 bas 8
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InnoitsИ odt 88 aword ad of etutitagi (LB and a
orlt 88 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTA TIVES a
3
APRIL 17, 1972
('etutitaal'
T
Mr. SPRINGER (for himself, Mr. ROGERS, Mr. SATTERFIELD, Mr. KYROS, Mr.
PREYER of North Carohna, Mr. SYMINGTON, Mr. Roy, Mr. NELSEN, Mr.
CARTER, and Mr. HASTINGS) introduced the following bill; which was
Insureferred to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce
e
birts dtiw ,esivbs APRIL 110 Common ViozivbA or
Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union
odt of gaitsler amstrand ordered to be printed пэмплоэт 926m II
stettem по bas mid vd 9T6 doidw bogs SI
Heda Common утогіуб AT BILL of states doidw 81
To amend the Public Health Service Actito provide for the
-811613 101
establishment of a National Institute.ofrAging and for other
purposes.
dona 10 усвоїне adj to noitsuleve ПВ газтдпоО edt of lettina at
1
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
anoiteeggua brre odt birs otutitant odt to amergorg TI
2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
not bas 81
3 That title IV of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C.
amriet odt of gaitslor edT (d)
er
4 ch. 6A, subch. III) is amended by adding at the end thereof
to to bus to esitto to OS
5 the following new part:
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6
"PART H-NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGING
taxes ,noitoos aidt тэбап bedaildetes lionno V10zivbA off of SS
7 "ESTABLISHMENT OF NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGING
Common vioaivbA dous по obuloai Vsm odt tedt ES
8
"SEC. 461. For the purpose of conducting and support-
amoob od 88 oioifto X9 Innoitibbe dona AS
9 ing (1) research on the aging process, (2) research on pre-
ji ,lienuo vroivb dona to themtnioqqs noqU (0) with
VI-0
2
3
1 ventive measures with respect to the special health problems
1 shall assume all, or such part as the Secretary may specify,
2
and requirements of the aged, and (3) research on treatment
2 of the duties, functions, and powers of the National Advisory
3 and cures for the other special health problems and require-
3 Health Council relating to programs for the aged with which
4 ments of the aged, the Secretary shall establish in the Public
4 the Advisory Council established under this part is concerned
5 Health Service an institute to be known as the National
5 and such portion as the Secretary may specify of the duties,
6 Institute of Aging (hereinafter in this part referred to as the
6 functions, and powers of any other advisory council estab-
7 'Institute').
7 lished under this Act relating to programs for the aged.
8
"NATIONAL ADVISORY COUNCIL ON AGING
8
"FUNCTIONS
9
"SEC. 462. (a) The Secretary shall establish a National
9
"Sec. 463. The Secretary shall, through the Institute,
10 Advisory Council on Aging to advise, consult with, and
10 carry out the purposes of section 301 with respect to
11. make recommendations to him on programs relating to the
11 research, investigations, experiments, demonstrations, and
12 aged which are administered by him and on those matters
12 studies related to the diseases and the special health problems
13 which relate to the Institute. The Advisory Council shall
13 and requirements of the aged, except that the Secretary
14 monitor such programs and the programs conducted by the
14 shall determine the areas in which and the extent to which
15 Institute and shall submit to the President annually for trans-
15 he will carry out such purposes of section 301 through the
16 mittal to the Congress an evaluation of the efficacy of such
16 Institute or another institute established by or under other
17 programs of the Institute and the Secretary and suggestions
17 provisions of this Act, or both of them, when both such
18 and recommendations for improvements.
18 institutes have functions with respect to the same subject
19
(b) The provisions relating to the composition, terms
19 matter. The Secretary may also provide training and
20 of office of members, and reappointment of members of
20 instruction and establish traineeships and fellowships, in the
21 advisory councils under section 432 (a) shall be applicable
21 Institute and elsewhere, in matters relating to the study and
22 to the Advisory Council established under this section, except
22 investigation of the diseases and the special health problems
23 that the Secretary may include on such Advisory Council
23 and requirements of the aged. The Secretary may provide
24 such additional ex officio members as he deems necessary.
24 trainees and fellows participating in such training and in-
(S)
25
(c) Upon appointment of such Advisory Council, it
25 struction or in such traineeships and fellowships with such
4
5
1 stipends and allowances (including travel and subsistence
110 tary, or (B) where there is no such center serving the com-
2 expenses and dependency allowances) as he deems necessary
120 munity in which such facilities are to be situated, facilities
3 and, in addition, provide for such training, instruction,
3 with respect to which satisfactory provision (as determined
4 traineeships, and fellowships through grants to public or
thriby the Secretary) has been made for appropriate utilization
5 other nonprofit institutions.Brood пойтод dons bas
C
5 of existing community resources needed for an-adequate pro-
6
SEC. 2. The Community Mental Health Centers Act
6 gram of prevention and treatment of mental health problems
7 is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new
171 of the aged. (A) ETEI ,0E gribne 169Y Isoan odt
8 part:
8
-8000,618 (2)) No grant shall be made under this section with
9
"PART G-MENTAL HEALTH OF THE AGED
Q
19 urespect to any facility unless the applicant for such grant pro-
10
"GRANTS FOR FACILITIES AND STAFFING
or
10 vides assurances satisfactory to the Secretary that such facil-
11
"SEC. 281. (a) Grants may be made to public or non-
11 ity will make available a full range of treatment, liaison, and
12 profit private agencies and organizations (1) to assist them
12 followup services (as prescribed by the Secretary) for the
13 in meeting the costs of construction of facilities to provide
13 aged in the service area of such facility who need such serv-
14 mental health services for the aged within the States, and
14 ices, and will, when SO requested, provide consultation and
15 (2) to assist them in meeting a portion of the costs (deter-
15 education for personnel of other community agencies serving
16 mined pursuant to regulations of the Secretary) of compen-
16 the aged in such area. Jasrg guiftste Isitiai IIB doidw an
17 sation of professional and technical personnel for the opera-
17 (3) The grant program for construction of facilities
18 tion of a facility for mental health of the aged constructed
18 authorized by subsection (a) shall be carried out consistently
19 with a grant made under part A of this section or for the
19 with the grant program under part except that the
20 operation of new services for mental health of the aged in
20ᵀ amount of any such grant with respect to any project shall
21 an existing facility.
21 be such percentage of the cost thereof, but not in excess of
22
(b) (1) Grants may be made under this section only
22 66² per centum (or 90 per centum in the case of a facility
23 with respect to (A) facilities which are part of or affiliated
23 providing services in an area designated by the Secretary
24 with a community mental health center providing at least
24 as an urban or rural poverty area) as the Secretary may
25 those essential services which are prescribed by the Secre-
25 determine. odt TOT to moisivorq odt of guitslet GS
6
1
" (c) Grants made under this section for costs of com-
1 of the aged, or developing inservice training or short-term
2 pensation of professional and technical personnel may not
2 or refresher courses with respect to the provision of such
3 exceed the percentages of such costs, and may be made only
3 services; (2) training personnel to operate, supervise, and
4 for the periods, prescribed for grants for such costs under
4 administer such services; and (3) conducting surveys and
5 section 242.
5 field trials to evaluate the adequacy of the programs for
6
(d) (1) There are authorized to be appropriated for
6 the mental health of the aged within the United States
7 the fiscal year ending June 30, 1973, (A) $5,000,000 for
7 with a view to determining ways and means of improving,
8 grants under this section for construction, and (B) $15,000,-
8 extending, and expanding such programs."
are
9 000 for initial grants under this section for compensation of
%
10 professional and technical personnel and for training and
11 evaluation grants under section 282.
12
(2) There are authorized to be appropriated for the
13 fiscal year ending June 30, 1974, and for each of the next
14 six fiscal years such sums as may be necessary to continue to
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15 make grants with respect to any project under this section for
16 which an initial staffing grant was made from appropriations
17 under paragraph (1) (B) for the fiscal year ending June 30,
18 1973.
19
"TRAINING AND EVALUATION
20
"SEC. 282. The Secretary is authorized, during the
21 period beginning July 1, 1972, and ending with the close of
22 June 30, 1973, to make grants to public or nonprofit private
23 agencies or organizations to cover part or all of the cost of
24 (1) developing specialized training programs or materials
25 relating to the provision of services for the mental health
Union Calendar No. 527
92D CONGRESS
2D SESSION
H. R. 14424
[Report No. 92-1026]
A BILL
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To amend the Public Health Service Act to pro-
vide for the establishment of a National
Institute of Aging, and for other purposes.
By Mr. SPRINGER, Mr. ROGERS, Mr. SATTERFIELD,
Mr. KYROS, Mr. PREYER of North Carolina,
Mr. SYMINGTON, Mr. Roy, Mr. NELSEN, Mr.
CARTER, and Mr. HASTINGS
The Secretary is the
APRIL 17, 1972
Referred to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign
Commerce
beginning July close of
the State of the Union and ordered to be printed
June 30, 1973, to to or
or organizations of
(1) developing specialized or
to the for the health
APRIL 27, 1972
Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on
10
11
16
18
20
A MESSAGE
aging
FROM THE PRESIDENT
D
ESPITE THE DEMOCRATIC
certainly do all we can to push this
Thomas G. Walters say the 20 percent
and Republican Convention re-
action along.
Social Security increase has changed
cesses of Congress this summer, Capi-
Shortly after approval of the 20
the situation, and they will demand
tol Hill's legislative schedule shows
percent increase in Social Security
equal treatment for government re-
promise of action on legislation to
benefits, Representative Jerome R.
tirees."
benefit our members. As is often true,
Waldie, Chairman of the House Sub-
Predicting the outcome of the hear-
from now until the adjournment of
committee on Retirement, Insurance
ings, Mr. Causey went on to say:
the 92nd Congress, the legislative
and Health Benefits issued a press re-
"Ton tederal officials the
4
RETIREMENT LIFE, AUGUST 1972
(105) WEEKLY LETTER FROM CHARLES THONE
For further information, contact:
Congressman Charles Thone or Bill Palmer
ADVANCE (aging) 1972
1531 Longworth
Phone:202/225-
Washington, D.C. 20515
4806
NEBRASKA TO UTILIZE MAJOR RESOURCE, RETIRED CITIZENS,
CONGRESSMAN CHARLES THONE REPORTS
"Nebraska and the nation have thrived on developing natural resources. Our state
and the United States are making progress in taking advantage of one of its most ne-
glected resources--the abilities and skills of its senior citizens.
"The House of Representatives has passed the Comprehensive Older Americans Service
Amendments Act of 1972, which I supported. This bill, if passed by the Senate also,
will carry out the thrust of the major proposals of last December's White House Con-
ference on Aging.
"Unlike so many federal programs that are tightly Washington-controlled, this bill
will strengthen state and local programs for the elderly. Current federal programs in
the field will be modified to encourage more state and local planning and develop-
ment of programs to assist the elderly.
"The bill will provide for establishing community programs where elderly citizens
can obtain one nutritiously balanced hot meal per day. It also provides for grants to
aid in establishing multi-purpose community centers for the elderly. Such a center
will serve many purposes. It will be used for the hot meal program and for social and
recreational purposes. It will also be a place where a senior citizen can get imme-
diate aid or information about local, state and national programs. This will prove to
be a tremendous boost for elderly people who now must travel about town, or from
town-to-town, seeking help from various agencies. Such a center will cut through the
maze of red tape in which so many government programs are shrouded.
"These centers will allow many senior citizens to maintain their independence in
their own homes or apartments. The money to support these programs will be far less
than the cost of supporting these senior citizens in nursing homes.
"The bill passed will provide for expansion of the older Americans volunteer pro-
grams under ACTION, the agency created in 1971 to combine all federal programs deal-
ing with volunteers. Director of the older Ameridans program is Victor E. Hruska,
brother of Senator Hruska. Vic recently retired as national director of claims for
the Prudential Service Company of America. A native of David City, Vic participated
in the first White House Conference on Aging in 1961 and has long been active in voi-
unteer organizations.
"One of the programs he directs is SCORE, Service Corps of Retired Executives. Re-
tired personnel with experience in managing businesses donate their time to help
small businesses which are just getting started. SCORE works through the Small Bus-
iness Administration and last year doubled the number of helping assignments under-
taken.
"Two of Nebraska's four SCORE chapters are in the First Congressional District. Dr.
Alan Burkhardt heads the Norfolk chapter, consisting of 11 retired executives and
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(105) WEEKLY-ADVANCE FOR AUGUST 3, 1972-CONGRESSMAN CHARLES THONE
PAGE 2
regarded as one of the most active chapters in the Midwest. Leon W. Murphy heads
the six-member Lincoln chapter. These SCORE executives perform such tasks as showing
small town businessmen how to cut costs in order to stay in business.
"Under the bill just passed by the House, another program, RSVP, Retired Senior
Volunteer Programs, will triple in size during the next year. Federal grants pay
part of the administration costs of local centers which enlist the volunteer services
of people over 60 and coordinate their service to such agencies as courts, schools,
libraries, hospitals, nursing homes and civic and charitable agencies. The State Com-
mission on Aging; directed by Ron Jensen, is now working with Nebraska cities that
have shown an interest in establishing RSVP programs.
"The bill also provides for the Foster Grandparents program to become more than
twice its present size. In July, Nebraska received approval for its first participa-
tion in this program. Sixty-five low-income men and women will be hired at $1.60 per
hour to work at the Beatrice State Home for the Mentally Retarded.
"Will you be my grandma?' is the kind of heart-warming greeting that the workers
at Beatrice will receive. Applications are now being taken at the home for Foster
Grandparent positions. 'Grandparents' will work 20 hours a week and never with more
than one or two children at a time. Working on a one-to-one personal basis has pro-
duced great results in other locations. For example, one Foster Grandparent discov-
ered that a boy who had spent two years in an institution for the retarded had a nor-
mal intelligence but was totally deaf.
"Dr. Maria Piers, director of the Erickson Institute for Early Childhood Education,
declared, 'As a preventive program, Foster Grandparents is the best thing known to
combat the pernicious influence of neglect. Every institution or agency caring for
children could benefit from the work of a Foster Grandparent in every child care
unit.'
!
"The Older Americans bill, which ! co-sponsored in the House, will make senior
citizens feel needed and wanted. It will give them opportunities to serve. I agree
with President Nixon's assertion: 'Old age should not be a time for endings, but a
time of new beginnings--not a time for stopping, but a time for new starts."
(SIGNED) Charley Thone
aging
WASHINGTON REPORT by Congressman Marvin L. Esch
VOL. VI. NO 30
Second District of Michigan
July 20, 1972
FOR RELEASE BEGINNING WEEK OF JULY 24
All too often, we think of the needs of senior citizens only in terms of increasing
Social Security benefits. To be sure, poverty is more prevalent among senior citizens
than any other age group and inflation hits hardest at those on fixed incomes. The
recent Social Security increase was, therefore, vital in improving living conditions for
older Americans.
However, our concern for senior citizens must not stop there. There are a broad
range of other services and programs which also deserve attention. I was pleased, there-
fore, when the House passed the Older Americans Act of 1972 which I originally introduced
more than a year ago. This is an omnibus bill which covers numerous federal programs
for senior citizens.
Perhaps the most important provision of the legislation is the creation of a
President's Committee on Aging and the elevation of the Office on Aging to a full Sub-
cabinet status in the Department of Health, Education and Welfare. This insures that
senior citizens will have an active advocate for their concerns at the highest levels
of government.
Additionally, the legislation greatly expands research on the problems of aging,
through the new National Institute of Aging in the National Institute of Health. Partic-
ular attention will be devoted to making the retirement years more rewarding both mentally
and physically,
One of the best programs for senior citizens in recent years has been the Foster
Grandparents Program through which senior citizens serve as assistants in childrens
wards at hospitals, mental health centers, etc. This program has been expanded by my
bill. Another equally vital program for seniors was also an out-growth of legislation
I introduced in 1966, which established an Institute on Gerontology at the University of
Michigan. This has developed into a competent state agency and has proven invaluable.
I firmly believe that it is legislation such as these which will help us meet our
to-create an atmosphere in which senior citizens can continue to lead contributing
and fulfilling lives. This latest bill is a further step which moves us well along
toward that goal.
CONGRESSMAN
MARV ESCH
SECOND DISTRICT-MICHIGAN
NEWS
412 CANNON HOUSE OFFICE BUILDING
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20515 PHONE: 202/225-4401
PRINTED
AT
GOVERNMENT
EXPENSE)
SECOND DISTRICT:
Lenawee County
Livingston County
Monroe County
Washtenaw County
In Wayne County-
aging(Geen Thumb Prog.)
Plymouth
Plymouth Township
July 19, 1972
Northville Township
Contact: George Stevens
(202) 225-4401
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Congressman Marvin L. Esch (R-Ann Arbor) today announced the approval of a
Green Thumb Program for the state of Michigan by the U. S. Department of Labor.
"The new Green Thumb Program," said Esch, "will provide employment for 42 elderly,
low-income, rural people in the counties of Lenawee, Monroe and Washtenaw.
The Green Thumb Program, which started this month is sponsored by the
National Farmers Union and funded by the U. S. Department of Labor. It is now
operating in 24 states and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, providing job opportunities
for over 3,500 elderly, low-income, rural people 55 years and above. The average
age of the Green Thumb enrollees is 70 and range in age from a minimum of 55 to 96
and have an average income of $900 a year per couple prior to employment by Green
Thumb. The enrollees work an average of three days a week and may earn up to $1600
per year.
"Green Thumb enrollees," said Esch, "will be employed on beautification, con-
servation and ecological projects resulting in development of new parks, construction
of new campgrounds and hiking trails, improvement of public facilities or areas,
restoration of historical sites and many other community betterment projects."
Esch said that persons interested in employment on the program should contact
their local employment service office or the State Green Thumb Program Director,
Mary Pratt in the Green Thumb field office located at Municipal Airport Building,
4300 South State Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
# # #
Congressman
ageng
Clarence J. Brown-Ohio
NEWS
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
PH: WASH.. D.C. 202-225-4324
WASHINGTON. D.C. 20515
SPRINGFIELD 513-325-0474
"REPORT FROM WASHINGTON"
For Release Tuesday, July 25, 1972
Last week the House of Representatives passed the Comprehensive
Older Americans Services Amendments Act of 1972, which I supported.
These Amendments are intended to strengthen and improve the programs of
the Older Americans Act of 1965.
The White House Conference on Aging, held near the end of last year
to study the problems and needs of the elderly, made many recommendations
to expand governmental services for America's elder citizens. This Act
is attempting to carry out the major thrust of the Conference proposals.
Unlike so many past and present federal programs that are tightly
Washington-controlled, the Older Americans Amendments are designed to
strengthen state and local government programs for the elderly. Current
grant-in-aid programs and volunteer services will be modified to encourage
more state and local planning and development of programs to assist the
elderly. The requirement for a single Agency on Aging in each state is
reasserted in the Act, and the state agency is also required to designate
local Agencies on Aging. In addition, funds are made available to the
state to establish state information and referral services for the elderly
This would enable senior citizens to receive immediate aid or information
concerning any local, state, or federal program or service for the elderly
instead of having to seek such aid on their own in the maze of federal
red tape.
At the federal level, a National Advisory Council on Aging will
be created to advise the President on matters relating to the special
needs of the elderly. The role of the Administration on Aging as a focal
point of federal concern for the elderly within H.E.W. has been upgraded.
Also, a National Information and Resource Center for the Aging is to be
established in order to develop the network of information and referral
services in the states and communities. The research, demonstration, and
training programs of the Older Americans Act is also expanded, and es-
tablishment and support of multidisciplinary centers for the study of
gerontology is authorized.
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Page Two
Authority is also provided in the legislation to lease, renovate
and construct multipurpose senior citizen centers through grants, con-
tracts cr mortgage insurance. Support staffing grants for the initial
operation of such centers and the delivery of social services is also
included. The National Older Americans Volunteer programs (including
Foster Grandparents and the Retired Senior Volunteer Programs) are also
to be expanded. The total expenditure for these comprehensive reforms
for FY 1973 is estimated at $335 million if full funding is carried
out. By Fl 1975, the total would increase to $682.9 million.
The U.S. population of persons over the age of 65 is growing
faster than the population as a whole and will number approximately 28
million by the end of this century (11-16% of the population). From
1950 to 1970 the population of older people in Ohio increased by over
40%. During this same period the total population of the State increased
by only 34%. By 1980 Ohio's population over 65 will be 1,140,000, an
increase of more than 140,000 persons in 10 years.
Thus, on both the state and national level, the expanded availabilit
of comprehensive services and programs for our older citizens will be
needed. These Amendments are an important stride in fulfilling our re-
sponsibility to elderly Americans, and in decreasing state and local de-
pendence on Washington for the solutions to problems that must be designed
closer-to-home if they are to better serve senior citizens. Only in that
manner can millions of elderly citizens be genuinely a part of the Amer--
ican mainstream where it counts: in their own communities.
-30-
HOLD FOR RELEASE UNTIL 1.00
aging (EST),
THURSDAY MARCH 23, 1972
Office of the White House Press Secretary
THE WHITE HOUSE
FACT SHEET
MESSAGE ON OLDER AMERICANS
In his message, the President outlines a comprehensive
strategy for the complex problems faced by older Americans.
There are 5 major elements:
1. Improving the income position of older Americans.
2. Upgrading the quality of nursing homes.
3. Helping older Americans lead dignified, independent
lives in their own homes.
4. Expanding opportunities for the involvement of older
persons in community life.
5. Organizing the Government to meet the changing needs
of older Americans.
In 1973, the Federal Government will spend an estimated
$50 billion on behalf of older Americans, nearly 50% more than
in 1969. One example of increased concern for the elderly is
the increase in overall Federal spending under the Older
Americans Act; spending under this Act has risen from $32
million in 1969 to a proposed $157 million as announced in the
1973 budget. The President is recommending a further increase
of $100 million for nutrition and related services. This will
bring total spending in 1973 to $257 million -- an eight fold
increase.
1. IMPROVING THE INCOME
POSITION OF OLDER AMERICANS
The President has signed into law social security
increases amounting to more than a 26 percent rise
since 1969 --- a $10 billion annual increase in in-
come for the elderly. When the proposed 5% benefit
increase in H.R. 1 is enacted, the increase in a
2 1/2 year period would be one-third, the largest
such increase in the history of social security.
In his message the President urges Congress to
enact the new income benefits for older Americans
contained in H.R. 1, which would total $5 1/2 billion
when fully effective. This includes $3 billion in
increased social security benefits and $2 1/2 billion
in new benefits for the needy elderly.
Other important reforms contained in H.R. 1 include
the first national income floor for older Americans;
guaranteed inflation-proof social security benefits;
a modified retirement earnings test to allow an
individual to earn more after retirement without
losing social security benefits; increased benefits
for delayed retirement; and special minimum benefits
for people who have worked for 15 or more years under
social security.
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2
The President will propose a program to increase
the incomes of military retirees and improve the
military retirement system. This includes re-
computing retired pay on the basis of January, 1971
military pay scales, and improving the protection
of survivors of retired personnel.
Older veterans are benefiting from improved medicare
care for veterans. In fiscal year 1973, 844,000
veterans will be treated in VA hospitals, and ap-
proximately one-fourth of these veterans will be
over age 65. Veterans' pensions were increased by
an average of 10 percent in calendar year 1971
and are being increased by another 6 1/2 percent
in 1972.
Benefits for retired Federal employees and their
families have been improved by increasing annuities
as the cost of living rises, and by liberalizing
health and other retirement benefits.
The President has submitted a program to reform and
expand private pension programs, through:
-- tax deductions to encourage independent savings
toward retirement;
-- more generous tax deductions for self-employed
persons;
---- vesting of pensions to insure that persons who
have worked for an employer for a significant
period will retain their pension rights;
-- management of pension funds exclusively in the
interest of beneficiaries; and
-- a one-year study of pension plan terminations
by the Departments of Labor and Treasury.
The President announced (August 1971) a New Economic
Policy to help reduce inflationary pressures that
are so harmful to older Americans receiving relatively
fixed incomes.
The President reaffirmed his commitment to relieve
the burden of property taxes.
Recent and pending changes in income tax laws would
provide special help to older persons (a single
person aged 65 or older would be able to receive up
to $5,100 of income without paying any Federal in-
come taxes, while a married couple with both husband
and wife 65 or older would be able to earn up to
$8,000 of such tax free income.)
The President directs his Office of Consumer Affairs
to develop recommendations for further action to
make older citizens aware of their legal rights
under the Interstate Land Sales Full Disclosure Act
and to help the States develop consumer education
programs specifically designed for older citizens.
The President's comprehensive health proposals also
can reduce the burden of health costs on the elderly:
He has:
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3
--- Requested that the monthly $5.80 Medicare
supplementary premium fee be eliminated,
yielding older persons $1.5 billion.
--- Urged several measures contained in H.R. 1
to reduce health costs for older Americans,
including extending Medicare to many of the
disabled who have been forced to retire early,
enabling Medicare beneficiaries to enroll in
Health Maintenance Organizations, and clarifying
coverage for extended care facilities after
hospitalization.
2. UPGRADING THE QUALITY
OF NURSING HOMES
The President announced an 8-point plan to upgrade the
quality of nursing homes in August of 1971. The Administration
has:
Trained almost 450 State nursing home inspectors
in Federally-sponsored programs;
Submitted legislation to provide 100 percent
Federal funding of State Medicaid inspections of
nursing homes;
Established an Office of Nursing Home Affairs in
the Office of the Secretary of Health, Education
and Welfare;
Increased Medical Services Administration personnel
by 142 positions to enforce Medicaid standards and
regulations;
Funded a short-term training program for nursing
home personnel (20,000 in fiscal year 1972; 21,000
in fiscal year 1973.);
Designated Social Security district offices to receive
and investigate nursing home complaints;
Initiated a comprehensive analysis of the issues
related to long-term care; and
Improved the enforcement of nursing home standards,
including the decertification of 13 substandard
nursing homes.
3. ENHANCING THE INDEPENDENCE
OF OLDER AMERICANS
To help older Americans lead dignified, independent lives
in their own homes, the President:
Increased the 1972 budget of the Administration on
Aging to $100 million for 1973 ----- to provide home-
maker, transportation, nutrition and community
services. He will request an additional $100 million
for funding of increased nutrition and related services.
Called for indefinite extension of the Older Americans
Act and proposed amendments to strengthen service
delivery:
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4
--- HEW would increase its financial support for
the State Agencies on Aging and fund up to
90% of services costs and up to 75% of the
administrative costs of new Area Planning
Agencies on Aging.
--- State and Area Planning Agencies would plan to
mobilize wide range resources -- public and
private -- to enhance the independence of older
citizens.
Announced new procedures for interagency coordination
of Federal resources which aid older persons. Under
these procedures Federal agencies will identify each
year that portion of their resources they expect to
spend the next year to help older persons meet their
needs. State Agencies on Aging will use this infor-
mation for more effective planning and delivery of
services.
Set up a system whereby nearly 900 Social Security
district offices will provide information on benefits
available to the elderly;
Asked the Domestic Council Committee on Aging to
examine ways to use other government offices -- such
as the General Services Administration's Federal In-
formation Centers and the Agricultural Extension
Service's local offices -- to expand the information
and complaint centers;
Will launch an outreach campaign (Project FIND) to
increase the participation of eligible older persons
in the food assistance programs of the Department of
Agriculture (i.e., food stamps and surplus commodities).
The campaign will be conducted through a network of
existing Federally operated or funded field offices
and outreach workers;
Urged action on the recent legislative proposal of the
Secretary of Transportation that some of the Highway
Trust Fund be used to finance mass transportation and
asked the Secretary of Transportation to develop
specific suggestions for helping States and localities
use a portion of these resources for the elderly.
Announced that the Department of Transportation will
give priority to community requests for capital grants
that aid the elderly from the Urban Mass Transportation
Fund. The President urges States and localities to
move immediately to take advantage of available
resources.
Made housing money more readily available for older
Americans. In fiscal year 1972 and fiscal year 1973
HUD will reach an all-time record in producing
specially designed, subsidized and insured housing
and nursing homes.
-- 66,000 units of HUD-subsidized housing units
specially designed for the elderly are planned
for fiscal year 1972 and an estimated 82,000
for fiscal year 1973.
-- 14,000 units under the Nursing Home and Inter-
mediate Care Facility Program, are planned in
fiscal year 1972 and an estimated 18,000 in
fiscal year 1973.
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5
HUD has also issued guidelines to make the
Section 236 subsidized rental program more
responsive to the needs of the elderly and
to provide technical assistance to non-profit
sponsors under the Section 106 (a) program.
Announced that HUD will extend the mortgage
maturity for the FHA insured nursing home
program to a maximum of 40 years -- enabling
sponsors to "package" residential and nursing
home complexes more easily.
Requested HUD to work with the Administration
on Aging to develop training programs in the
management of housing for the elderly.
Directed the Secretary of HUD to encourage more
space for senior centers in subsidized housing
projects for the elderly.
4. EXPANDING OPPORTUNITIES
FOR INVOLVEMENT
To expand opportunities for more older Americans to make
meaningful contributions in all facets of society, the President:
Proposed legislation to expand ACTION's person-to-
person volunteer programs to permit low-income
elderly persons to work with children of special
need in community settings and with older Americans
in nursing homes and in the community.
Supported a national effort of volunteer organizations
designed to help the elderly to remain in their own
homes.
Tripled the Retired Senior Volunteers Program, to
$15 million, to involve 75,000 volunteers.
Doubled the Foster Grandparents Program to $25 million,
providing for 11,500 foster grandparents to serve
23,000 children per day.
Doubled the special job projects for older persons,
such as Green Thumb and Senior Aides, to $26 million,
to involve as many as 10,000 older persons.
Will propose legislation to broaden the coverage of
the Age Discrimination in Employment Act to include
the fastest growing area of employment -- the State
and local governments.
Directed the Secretary of Labor to work on expanding
employment opportunities for persons over 65 by
urging the States and local communities to include
older Americans in jobs provided by the Emergency
Employment Act of 1971 and working with public em-
ployment offices to help open job opportunities
in both the public and private sectors.
Will send a directive to heads of Federal departments
and agencies to emphasize the policy that age shall
be no bar to a Federal job which an individual is
otherwise qualified to perform.
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6
5. ORGANIZING THE GOVERNMENT
To better coordinate present and future efforts for older
Americans, the President has:
Created a new Domestic Council cabinet level
committee on aging, chaired by HEW Secretary
Richardson.
Created the position of Special Assistant on
Aging, John Martin.
Appointed a Special Consultant on Aging,
Arthur Flemming.
To augment these efforts the Administration will:
Strengthen the Secretary of HEW's Advisory Com-
mittee on Older Americans -- providing it with
permanent staff to support its increased
responsibilities.
Arrange to have the Chairman of the Advisory
Committee report directly to the Secretary of
Health, Education and Welfare.
Create a Technical Advisory Committee on Aging
Research reporting to the Advisory Committee to
develop a comprehensive plan of social,
psychological, health, education, and economic
research in HEW affecting the aged.
####
HOLD FOR RELEASE UNTIL
THURSDAY, MARCH 23, 1972
Aging-Ellerly
Office of the White House Press Secretary
THE WHITE HOUSE
TO THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES:
When I addressed the White House Conference on Aging
last December, I pledged that I would do all I could to
make 1972 a year of action on behalf of older Americans.
This message to the Congress represents an important step
in fulfilling that promise.
Many of the actions which are outlined in this message
have grown out of concerns expressed at the White House
Conference and at related meetings across the country. The
message also discusses a number of steps that have already
been taken or that were announced at an earlier date. All
of these actions are part of our comprehensive strategy for
helping older Americans.
The momentum which has been generated by all these
steps -- old and new -- will move us toward the great
national objectives which the White House Conference set
forth. I pledge that this momentum will be sustained as
we follow through on these initiatives and as we keep other
recommendations of the White House Conference at the top of
our agenda, under continuing review.
This message, then, does not represent the last word I
will have to say on this important subject. It does, however,
identify those administrative steps which we are taking im-
mediately to help older Americans, along with a number of
legislative initiatives which should be of highest priority
on this year's Congressional agenda.
We often hear these days about the "impatience of youth."
But if we stop to think about the matter, it is the elderly
who have the best reason to be impatient. As so many older
Americans have candidly told me, "We simply do not have time
to wait while the Government procrastinates. For us, the
future is now." I believe this same sense of urgency should
characterize the Government's response to the concerns of
the elderly. I hope and trust that the Congress will join
me in moving forward in that spirit.
A COMPREHENSIVE STRATEGY FOR
MEETING COMPLEX PROBLEMS
The role of older people in American life has changed
dramatically in recent decades. For one thing, the number
of Americans 65 and over is more than six times as great
today as it was in 1900 -- compared to less than a 3-fold
increase in the population under 65. In 1900, one out of
every 25 Americans was 65 or over; today one in ten has
reached his 65th birthday.
While the number of older Americans has been growing so
rapidly, their traditional pattern of living has been severely
disrupted. In an earlier era, the typical American family
was multigenerational -- grandparents and even great-
grandparents lived in the same household with their children
and grandchildren, or at least lived nearby. In recent years,
however, the ties of family and of place have been loosened --
with the result that more and more of our older citizens must
live apart or alone. The rapid increase in mandatory retire-
ment provisions has compounded this trend toward isolation.
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2
Under such conditions, other problems of older persons such
as ill health and low income have become even more burdensome.
And all of these difficulties are intensified, of course, for
members of minority groups and for those who are blind or
deaf or otherwise handicapped.
The sense of separation which has characterized the lives
of many older Americans represents a great tragedy for our
country. In the first place, it denies many older citizens
the sense of fulfillment and satisfaction they deserve for
the contributions they have made throughout their lifetimes.
Secondly, it denies the country the full value of the skills
and insights and moral force which the older generation is
uniquely capable of offering.
The major challenge which confronts us, then, as we
address the problems of older Americans is the new genera-
tion gap which has emerged in this country in recent decades
between those who are over 65 and those who are younger. The
way to bridge this gap, in my judgment, is to stop treating
older Americans as a burden and to start treating them as a
resource. We must fight the many forces which can cause
older persons to feel dependent or isolated and provide
instead continuing opportunities for them to be self-reliant
and involved.
If we can accomplish this goal, our entire Nation will
reap immense benefits. As I put it in my speech to the
White House Conference on Aging,
11
any action which enhances
the dignity of older Americans enhances the dignity of all
Americans, for unless the American dream comes true for our
older generation, it cannot be complete for any generation."
From its very beginnings, this Administration has worked
diligently to achieve this central objective. To assist me
in this effort, I established a special task force on aging
in 1969. In that same year, I elevated the Commissioner on
Aging, John Martin, to the position of Special Assistant to
the President on Aging, the first such position in history.
Later, I created a new Cabinet-level Committee on Aging,
under the leadership of the Secretary of Health, Education,
and Welfare, to ensure that the concerns of the aging were
regularly and thoroughly considered by this Administration
and that our policies to help older persons were effectively
carried out. To provide greater opportunity for older
Americans to express their own concerns and to recommend
new policies, I convened the White House Conference on
Aging -- which met last December and which was proceeded
and followed by many other meetings at the grassroots level.
I asked the Cabinet-level Committee on Aging to place the
recommendations of the Conference at the top of its agenda.
And I also asked the Chairman of the Conference, Arthur
Flemming, to stay on as the first Special Consultant to the
President on Aging, so that the voice of older Americans
would continue to be heard at the very highest levels of the
Government.
One dimension of our efforts over the last three years
is evident when we look at the Federal budget. If our
budget proposals are accepted, overall Federal spending for
the elderly in fiscal year 1973 will be $50 billion, nearly
150 percent of what it was when this Administration took
office. One particularly important example of increased
concern for the elderly is the fact that overall Federal
spending under the Older Americans Act alone has grown from
$32 million in fiscal year 1969 to a proposed $257 million
in fiscal year 1973 -- an eight-fold increase. This figure
includes the $157 million I originally requested in my 1973
budget, plus an additional $100 million which I am requesting
in this message for nutrition and related services.
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3
How much money we spend on aging programs is only one
part of the story, however. How we spend it is an equally
important question. It is my conviction that the complex,
interwoven problems of older Americans demand, above all
else, a comprehensive response, one which attacks on a
variety of fronts and meets a variety of problems.
This message outlines the comprehensive strategy which
this Administration had developed for bridging the new
generation gap and enhancing the dignity and independence
of older Americans. That strategy has five major elements:
1. Protecting the income position of the elderly;
2. Upgrading the quality of nursing home care;
3. Helping older persons live dignified, independent
lives in their own homes or residences --- by
expanding and reforming service programs,
4. Expanding opportunities for older people to
continue their involvement in the life of the
country; and
5. Reorganizing the Federal Government to better
meet the changing needs of older Americans.
A SUMMARY OF MAJOR INITIATIVES
In addition to discussing important actions which have
been taken in the past or are now underway, this message
focuses attention on the following major items of new and
pending business.
1. To protect the income position of older Americans,
The Congress should:
-- enact H.R. 1 as soon as possible, thus providing
older Americans with $5-1/2 billion of additional annual
income. H.R. 1 would increase social security benefits by.
5 percent, make social security inflation-proof, increase
widow, widower and delayed retirement benefits, liberalize
earnings tests, and establish a floor under the income of
older Americans for the first time;
-- repeal the requirement that participants in
part B of Medicare must pay a monthly premium which is
scheduled to reach $5.80 this July. This step would make
available to older persons an additional $1.5 billion --
the equivalent of roughly another 4 percent increase in
social security benefits for persons 65 and over;
-- strengthen the role played by private pension
plans by providing tax deductions to encourage their expan--
sion, requiring the vesting of pensions, and protecting the
investments which have been made in these funds;
--- enact revenue sharing proposals designed to
provide the opportunity for significant property tax relief;
and
-- enact my proposed consumer protection legisla-
tion which deals with problems which are especially acute
for older citizens.
The Administration will:
-- continue its investigation of alternative
methods for financing public education in such a manner
as to relieve the present heavy reliance on property taxes;
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--- propose major improvements in the military
retirement system, including a one-time recomputation of
retired pay;
-- continue the battle against price inflation,
with special emphasis in the health care field;
-- develop a program to foster greater awareness
among older citizens of their legal rights under the Inter-
state Land Sales Full Disclosure Act; and
-- develop a program designed to help each State
create consumer education programs for older citizens.
2. To upgrade the quality of nursing home care,
The Congress should:
-- make it possible for the Federal Government to
assume the entire cost of State inspection of homes receiving
payments under the Medicaid program; and
-- approve my request for additional funds for
training nursing home personnel.
The Administration will:
-- continue to strengthen and expedite other portions
of my 8-point program for upgrading nursing homes, including
my commitment to withdraw Federal funds from those homes
that refuse to meet standards and to make adequate alter-
native arrangements for those who are displaced from sub-
standard homes; and
-- develop proposals for protecting older persons
in the purchase of nursing home services.
3. To help older persons live dignified, independent
lives in their own homes or residences,
The Congress should:
-- appropriate the $100 million I requested for
the Administration on Aging in my 1973 budget;
-- appropriate an additional $100 million for
nutritional and related purposes;
-- appropriate $57 million for other programs under
the Older Americans Act, bringing total spending under this
act to $257 million --- an eight-fold increase over fiscal
year 1969;
-- renew and strengthen the Older Americans Act,
which so many older persons rightly regard as landmark
legislation in the field of aging -- extending it for an
indefinite period rather than for a specified period of
years;
--- create a new, coordinated system for service
delivery under this act, so that the Administration on
Aging can help develop goals for such services, while State
and area agencies create specific plans for achieving these
goals; and
-- allow States and localities to use some of the
funds now in the Highway Trust Fund to finance their mass
transit programs, including special programs to help the
elderly.
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The Administration will:
--- ensure that Departments and agencies involved in
the field of aging identify the portion of their total
resources that are available for older persons and ensure
that use of these resources is effectively coordinated all
across the Government;
--- strengthen the role already played by local
officials of the Social Security Administration and other
agencies in providing information about Federal services
to older persons and in receiving their complaints;
-- launch this summer a new Project FIND -- a
program which will enlist the services of Government workers
at the grassroots level in an outreach effort to locate
older persons who are not involved in Federal nutrition
programs and who should be;
-- step up efforts to meet the special transporta-
tion needs of older Americans, giving priority to community
requests for capital grants that aid the elderly from the
Urban Mass Transportation Fund;
-- provide more and better housing for older
Americans by issuing new guidelines for two HUD programs
to make them more readily applicable to the elderly, by
extending the mortgage maturity for the FHA-insured nursing
home program, by drawing upon research of the Law Enforcement
Assistance Administration to reduce crime, by encouraging
the provisions of more space for senior centers within
housing projects for the elderly, and by developing training
programs in the management of housing for older persons.
4. To expand opportunities for older persons to continue
their involvement in the life of our country,
The Congress should:
--- appropriate the funds I have requested for such
action programs as Retired Senior Volunteers and Foster
Grandparents;
-- authorize the ACTION agency to expand person-to-
person volunteer service programs, helping more older
Americans to work both with children and with older persons
who need their help; and
-- broaden the Age Discrimination in Employment
Act of 1967 to include State and local governments.
The Administration will:
-- work with 130 national voluntary groups across
the country in a special program to stimulate volunteer
action; and
-- develop a national program to expand employment
opportunities for persons over 65, through programs such as
Senior Aides and Green Thumb, by urging State and local
governments to make job opportunities available under the
Emergency Employment Act of 1971, by working through the
public employment offices to open part-time job opportunities
in both the public and private sector, and by reaffirming
Federal policy against age discrimination in appointment to
Federal jobs.
5. To improve Federal organization for future efforts,
The Administration will:
-- strengthen the Secretary of Health, Education,
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and Welfare's Advisory Committee on Older Americans --
providing it with permanent staff capability to support its
increased responsibilities;
-- arrange for the Commissioner of Aging, in his
capacity as Chairman of the Advisory Committee on Aging, to
report directly to the Secretary of Health, Education, and
Welfare;
-- create a Technical Advisory Committee on Aging
Research in the Office of the Secretary of Health, Education,
and Welfare to develop a comprehensive plan for economic,
social, psychological, health and education research on
aging.
PROTECTING THE INCOME POSITION OF OLDER AMERICANS
Perhaps the most striking change in the lives of most
Americans when they turn 65 is the sudden loss of earned
income which comes with retirement. The most important
thing we can do to enhance the independence and self-
reliance of older Americans is to help them protect their
income position. I have long been convinced that the best
way to help people in need is not by having Government pro-
vide them with a vast array of bureaucratic services but by
giving them money so that they can secure needed services
for themselves. This understanding is fundamental to my
approach to the problems of the aging.
The success of this income-oriented strategy depends in
turn on giving effective attention to two factors: first,
where older Americans' money comes from and second, what it
is used for.
Where the Money Comes From: Reforming and Expanding
Government Income Programs
The most important income source for most older Americans
is social security. Accordingly, improvements in social
security have been the centerpiece of this Administration's
efforts to assist the elderly. Today, approximately 85
percent of all Americans over 65 receive regular cash
benefits from social security, while 93 percent of those
now reaching age 65 are eligible to receive such benefits
when they or their spouses retire.
Since 1969, social security cash benefits have been
increased twice -- a fifteen percent increase in January of
1970 and another ten percent increase one year later. These
increases represent a $10 billion annual increase in cash
income for social security beneficiaries. As I suggested,
however, in my 1969 message to the Congress concerning social
security reform, bringing benefit payments up to date alone
is not enough. We must also make sure that benefit payments
stay up to date and that all recipients are treated fairly.
My specific proposals for achieving these ends are
presently contained in the bill known as H.R. 1 -- legislation
which is of overwhelming importance for older Americans.
This bill passed the House of Representatives in the first
session of the 92nd Congress and is presently pending before
the Senate Finance Committee. I continue to believe firmly
that H.R. 1 is the single most significant piece of social
legislation to come before the Congress in many decades.
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Let us consider the several ways in which this legisla-
tion would help the elderly:
1. An Additional Increase in Social Security. Under
H.R. 1, social security benefits would be increased by an
additional 5 percent effective in June of 1972. This
increase would provide $2.1 billion in additional income
for older Americans during the first full year that it is
effective. It would mean that social security benefits
would be one-third higher after this June than they were
just 2-1/2 years ago. This represents the most rapid rate
of increase in the history of the social security program.
2. Making Social Security "Inflation Proof." Under
H.R. 1, social security payments would, for the first time,
be automatically protected against inflation. Whenever the
Consumer Price Index increased by 3 percent or more, benefits
would be increased by an equal amount. Payments that keep
pace with the cost of living would thus become a guaranteed
right for older Americans -- and not something for which
they have to battle again and again, year after year.
3. Increased Widows' Benefits. About 58 percent of the
population age 65 and over are women, most of whom depend
primarily on social security benefits earned by their
husbands. Under the present law, however, widows are eligible
for only 82-1/2 percent of the retirement benefits which would
be paid to their late husbands if they were still alive.
H.R. 1 would correct this situation by increasing widows'
benefits to 100 percent of the benefits payable to their late
husbands. It would similarly expand the eligibility of a
widower for benefits payable to his late wife. Altogether,
this provision would mean that about 3.4 million widows and
widowers would receive increased benefits totaling almost
three quarters of a billion dollars in the first full year.
4. Increased Benefits for Delayed Retirement. Under
present law, those who choose not to retire at age 65 for-
feit their social security benefits for the period between
the time they are 65 and the time they finally retire.
H.R. 1 would allow retirees to make up a portion of these
lost benefits through higher payments after retirement.
Benefits would increase by one percent for each year that
a person had worked between the ages of 65 and 72.
5. Liberalized Earnings Tests. Like the increased
benefit for delayed retirement, the liberalized earnings
tests contained in H.R. 1 would encourage more of our older
citizens to remain active in the economic life of our
country. This is a step which I promised to take in the
1968 campaign and for which I have been working ever since.
It is high time this step was taken. Those who can
work and want to work should not be discouraged from
working -- as they often are under the present law. By
reducing the barriers to work, we can increase the sense
of participation among older citizens and at the same time
tap their energies and experience more effectively.
Under H.R. 1, the amount that a beneficiary could earn
without losing any social security would be increased from
$1,680 a year to $2,000 a year. That ceiling, in turn,
would be automatically increased each time there was a cost
of living benefit increase in social security. In addition,
for those who earn in excess of $2,000, the potential
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reduction in social security payments would also be lessened.
Under the present law, benefits are reduced by $1 for each
$2 of extra earnings, but this rate applies only to the first
$1,200 earned above the exempt amount. Additional earnings
beyond that level now cause benefits to be reduced on a $1
for $1 basis. Under H.R. 1, benefits would be reduced on
a $1 for $2 basis for all earnings above $2,000 -- no matter
how much more a person earned.
6. Adult Assistance Reform. One of the most important
elements of H.R. 1 -- and one of the most under-publicized --
is its provision to place a national floor under the income
of every older American. H.R. 1 would replace the present
Old Age Assistance program with a single, federally-financed
program which would provide a monthly income of $150 for an
individual and $200 for a couple when fully effective.
This program would assist 4.5 million elderly persons
instead of the 2.1 million currently reached. It would
also eliminate the practice of placing liens on homes as a
condition of eligibility. Eligibility for assistance would
be determined on the basis of need without regard to the
income or assets of relatives. Relative-responsibility
rules would not be a part of this new program.
I believe this reform is particularly important since
it channels massive resources -- some $2.8 billion in addi-
tional annual benefits - to those whose needs are greatest.
7. Special Minimum Benefits. H.R. 1 would also provide
special minimum benefits for people who have worked for 15
years or more under social security. The guaranteed minimum
benefit would range from $75 a month for a person who had
worked 15 years under social security to $150 a month for
a person with 30 years of such work experience. At maturity,
this provision would increase overall benefit payments to
$600 million.
H.R. 1: The Need for Prompt Action
In addition to all of these benefits for older people,
H.R. 1 would have enormous benefits for many younger
Americans as well. Clearly the passage of this bill is a
matter of the very highest priority. I have made that state-
ment repeatedly since I first proposed this far-reaching
program in 1969. As I make that statement again today, I
do SO with the conviction that further delay is absolutely
inexcusable. To delay these reforms by even one more year
would mean a loss for older Americans alone of more than
$5 billion.
It is my profound hope that the Senate will now carry
forward the momentum which has been generated by the passage
of H.R. 1 in the House of Representatives, thus seizing an
historic opportunity -- and meeting an historic obligation.
Where the Money Comes From: Military, Veterans and
Federal Employee Benefits
We are also making significant progress toward improving
the retirement income of career military personnel, veterans
and Federal employees.
1. To improve military benefits, I will soon submit
legislation to the Congress for recomputing retirement pay
on the basis of January 1, 1971 pay scales, thus liberalizing
annuities for current retirees. I will also submit legisla-
tion to provide -- for the first time -- full annuities for
retired reservists at an earlier age, and to revise benefit
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payments so that retirees receive their full annuities when
they are most needed, at the conventional age of full retire-
ment. I hope these proposals will receive favorable
consideration.
In addition, I support legislation to provide military
retirees with a less expensive survivor annuity plan -- one
which is similar to that now provided to retired civil servants.
2. Benefits for veterans are also improving. Our
efforts to improve both the quality of care and the number
of patients treated in Veterans Administration hospitals will
have a major impact on older veterans, since more than one-
fourth of all VA patients are over 65. The staff to patient
ratio at VA hospitals will be increased to 1.5 to 1, an
all-time high, if our budget proposals are accepted.
The fiscal year 1973 budget also provides for further
increases in nursing home care with the result that the
authorized number of VA-operated nursing beds will have
doubled since 1969 and the number of community contract
beds and State home beds built and operated with VA subsidies
will have increased by one-third over the same period.
In addition, I have signed into law significant improve-
ments in pensions for elderly veterans which relate benefits
more closely to need and protect recipients from income loss
because of increases in the cost of living. In January of
1971, pensions were increased by an average of 9.6 percent.
One year later, they went up an additional 6.5 percent and
a new formula was adopted relating benefits more closely
to need for the first time.
3. Federal Employee Benefits are also up. Retirement
benefits for Federal employees have been liberalized in
several instances, and -- under a more generous formula
for determining cost of living increases -- annuities have
gone up nearly 16 percent in the last 2-1/2 years. In
addition, the Government's contribution to Federal health
benefit premiums of current and retired employees has been
substantially increased.
Where the Money Comes From: Reforming the Private
Pension System
Only 21 percent of couples now on our social security
rolls and only 8 percent of non-married beneficiaries are
also receiving private pensions. While this picture will
improve somewhat as workers who are now younger reach
retirement, nevertheless -- despite the best efforts of
labor and management -- only half the work force is presently
covered by private pension plans. As the White House
Conference on Aging pointed out, the long-range answer to
adequate income for the elderly does not lie in Government
programs alone; it also requires expansion and reform of
our private pension system.
Late last year, I submitted to the Congress a five-point
program to achieve this goal. It includes the following
items:
1. Tax deductions to encourage independent savings
toward retirement. Individual contributions to group or
individual pension plans should be made tax deductible up
to the level of $1500 per year or 20 percent of earned
income, whichever is less. Individuals should also be
able to defer taxation of investment earnings on these
contributions.
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2. More generous tax deductions for pension contribu-
tions by self-employed persons. The annual limit for
deductible contributions to pension plans by the self-
employed -- on their own behalf and for those who work
for them --- should be raised from $2,500 or 10 percent of
earned income, whichever is less, to the lesser of $7,500
or 15 percent of earned income.
3. Requiring the vesting of pensions. Persons who have
worked for an employer for a significant period should be
able to retain their pension rights even if they leave or
lose their jobs before retirement. Unfortunately, many
workers do not now have this assurance --- their pensions
are not vested. To change this situation, I have proposed
a new law under which all pensions would become vested as
an employee's age and seniority increased. Under this law,
the share of participants in private pension plans with
vested pensions would rise from 31 percent to 47 percent
and the overall number of employees with vested rights
would increase by 3.6 million. Most importantly, among
participants age 45 and older, the percentage with vested
pensions would rise from 60 percent to 92 percent.
4. The Employee Benefits Protection Act. This legisla-
tion was first proposed to the Congress in March of 1970;
it was strengthened and resubmitted in 1971. It would
require that pension funds be administered under strict
fiduciary standards and would provide certain Federal
remedies when they are not. It would also require that
plans provide full information to employees and beneficiaries
concerning their rights and benefits.
5. A study of pension plan terminations. In my
December message, I also directed the Departments of Labor
and the Treasury to undertake a one-year study concerning
the extent of benefit losses which result from the termina-
tion of private pension plans. This study will provide the
information we need in order to make solid recommendations
in this field, providing needed protection without reducing
benefits because of increased costs.
Where the Money Goes: The Burden of Health Costs
Growing old often means both declining income and
declining health. And declining health, in turn, means
rising expenditures for health care. Per capita health
expenditures in fiscal year 1971 were $861 for persons 65
and older, but only $250 for persons under 65. In short,
older Americans often find that they must pay their highest
medical bills at the very time in their lives when they are
least able to afford them.
Medicare, of course, is now providing significant assis-
tance in meeting this problem for most older Americans. In
fiscal year 1971, this program accounted for 62 percent of
their expenditures for hospital and physicians services
and 42 percent of their total health payments. In addi-
tion, an estimated 40 percent of Medicaid expenditures go
to support the health costs of the elderly, while other
programs provide significant additional assistance.
But serious problems still remain. Accordingly, this
Administration has been working in a number of ways to
provide even more help for the elderly in the health-care
field. One of our most important proposals is now pending
before the Congress. I refer to the recommendation I made
more than a year ago that the Congress combine part B of
Medicare --- the supplementary medical insurance program,
with part A -- the hospital insurance program, thus
eliminating the special monthly premium which older persons
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must pay to participate in part B --- a premium which will
reach $5.80 per month by July. I have reaffirmed my com-
mitment to this important initiative on other occasions and
today I affirm it once again. Elimination of the premium
payment alone would augment the annual income of the elderly
by approximately $1.5 billion, the equivalent, on the average,
of almost a 4 percent increase in social security for persons
65 and over. I hope the Congress will delay no longer in
approving this important proposal.
Our concern with health costs for older Americans pro-
vides additional reasons for the prompt approval of H.R. 1.
Under that bill:
- Provision is made for extending Medicare to many of
the disabled (about 60 percent of whom are age 55 and over)
who are drawing social security benefits and who have had
to give up work before reaching regular retirement age;
-- Medicare beneficiaries would have the opportunity to
enroll in Health Maintenance Organizations -- organizations
which I strongly endorsed in my special message on health
policy because of my conviction that they help to prevent
serious illness and also help to make the delivery of health
care more efficient;
-- Provision is made for removing the uncertainties
relative to coverage under Medicare when a person needs to
use extended care facilities after hospitalization.
In my recent message to Congress on health policy, I
indicated a number of other measures which will help reduce
the cost of health care. I spoke, for example, of the
special attention we have been giving under Phase II of
our New Economic Policy to the problem of sky-rocketing
health costs, through the special Health Services Industry
Committee of the Cost of Living Council. I indicated that
a number of cost control features would be introduced into
the Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement processes -- with
the overall effect of reducing health costs. I have also
called for new research efforts in fields such as heart
disease, cancer, and accident prevention --- initiatives
which also promise to reduce health problems --- and health
bills -- for older persons.
Where the Money Goes: Inflation
Inadequate retirement incomes are strained even further
when inflation forces older persons to stretch them to meet
rising costs. Because older persons are uniquely dependent
on relatively fixed incomes, they are uniquely victimized by
the ravages of inflation. While my proposals for making
social security benefits inflation-proof will provide signi-
ficant help in defending the elderly against this menace, it
is also important that we take on this enemy directly -- that
we curb inflationary pressures.
This goal has been a central one of this Administration.
When I came to office this country was suffering from a
massive wave of price inflation -- one which had resulted in
large measure from the methods chosen to finance the Vietnam
War. The problem of reversing this wave by conventional
methods was a more stubborn problem, frankly, than I
expected it to be when I took office. By the summer of
1971, it became clear that additional tools were needed if
inflation was to be quickly and responsibly controlled.
Accordingly, I announced last August a New Economic Policy --
one which has received the strong support of the Congress and
the American people.
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I have been especially gratified that older Americans --
whose stake in the battle against inflation is so high --
have rallied to support this new economic program. With
their continued support -- and that of all the American
people -- we can carry this battle forward and win a
decisive victory.
One key element in that battle, of course, is to be sure
that Government spending programs, including those which help
the elderly, are responsibly financed. If they are not, then
inflation will merely be reignited and Government policy will
merely be robbing older Americans with one hand of the aid it
gives them with the other.
Where the Money Goes: Property Taxes
Two-thirds of all older citizens -- and 78 percent of older
married couples -- own their own homes. For these Americans ---
and for many younger Americans as well -- the heavy and growing
burden of property taxes constitutes one of the most serious
of all income-related problems. Even those who rent their
homes often bear an unfair burden since property tax increases
are frequently passed along in the form of higher rents. The
reason these burdens are so onerous, of course, is that the
income from which property taxes must be paid by the elderly
is usually going down at the very time the taxes are going up.
Property taxes in the United States have more than doubled
in the last ten years. The problems which this fact implies
are felt by Americans of all ages. But elderly Americans
have a special stake in their solution.
I am committed to doing all I can to relieve the crushing
burden of property taxes. I have been proceeding toward this
end in two ways. First, I am continuing to push for passage
of our General and Special Revenue-Sharing proposals, legis-
lation which would channel some $17 billion into State and
local budgets and thus provide a significant opportunity for
property tax relief. At the same time, as I indicated in my
recent State of the Union Address, I am also moving to change
the system through which we finance public education. In
developing a new approach, I will draw on the recommendations
of the President's Commission on School Finance, the Advisory
Commission on Inter-governmental Relations, and other analyses
such as those which are being performed under the direction
of the Secretaries of the Treasury, and of Health, Education,
and Welfare. The purpose of this intensive investigation is
to develop ways of putting this Nation's educational system
on a sounder financial footing while helping to relieve the
enormous burden of school property taxes.
Reducing Income Tax Burdens
Recently approved and pending changes in the income tax
laws also provide special help to older persons. Under these
provisions, a single person age 65 or over would be able to
receive up to $5,100 of income without paying any Federal
income taxes, while a married couple with both husband and
wife 65 or over would be able to receive up to $8,000 of such
tax-free income.
Where the Money Goes: Protecting Elderly Consumers
The quality of life for older Americans depends to a
large extent upon the responsiveness of the marketplace to
their special needs. It is estimated that elderly persons
now spend over $60 billion for goods and services every
year -- and they will be able to spend billions more if
my proposals for increasing their income are enacted. Our
economy should be responsive to the needs of older Americans;
they have a high stake in advancing consumer protection.
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Through organizational changes, administrative actions
and legislative recommendations, this Administration has
been working to provide needed protection for the American
consumer in general --- and for the older consumer in particular.
The several pieces of consumer legislation which I have sub-
mitted to the Congress are designed to reduce dangers which
are especially acute for older consumers -- and I again urge
their enactment.
In addition, I am asking my Special Assistant for
Consumer Affairs, in cooperation with the Secretary of
Housing and Urban Development, to develop a program for
helping to enforce the Interstate Land Sales Full Disclosure
Act by fostering greater awareness among older citizens of
their legal rights under this legislation.
Recognizing that the complexity of today's marketplace
demands great sophistication by the individual consumer, our
primary and secondary schools have stepped up their programs
for consumer education. Unfortunately, many older Americans
have never had the opportunity to benefit from such programs.
The Office of Consumer Affairs is therefore developing guide-
lines for adult consumer education programs with particular
emphasis on the needs of the elderly. To carry out these
guidelines, I am asking my Special Assistant for Consumer
Affairs, working in cooperation with the Secretary of Health,
Education, and Welfare, to develop a program of technical
assistance to help the States create consumer education
programs specifically designed for older citizens.
A Comprehensive Effort for Improving Income
The key characteristic of my strategy for protecting the
income position of older Americans is its comprehensiveness.
For it would help to augment and protect the income older
persons derive from social security, adult assistance,
Federal military, veterans and civilian benefits, and private
pensions, while at the same time curbing the cruel drain on
those incomes from rising health costs, inflation, taxes
and unwise consumer spending. I hope now that the Congress
will respond promptly and favorably to these proposals. If
it does, then the purchasing power of the elderly can be
enhanced by billions of dollars a year -- an achievement
which could do more than anything else to transform the
quality of life for Americans over 65.
UPGRADING THE QUALITY OF NURSING HOME CARE
Income related measures can help more older Americans to
help themselves; they build on the strong desire for indepen=
dence and self-reliance which characterizes the older generation.
We must recognize, however, that some older Americans --
approximately five percent by recent estimates -- cannot be
primarily self-reliant. These older men and women require
the assistance provided by skilled nursing homes and other
long-term care facilities. For them, a dignified existence
depends upon the care and concern which are afforded them in
such settings.
In June of 1971, at a regional convention of the National
Retired Teachers Association and the American Association of
Retired Persons, I pledged to meet the challenge of upgrading
nursing home care in America. I expressed my determination
that nursing homes, for those who need them, should be
shining symbols of comfort and concern. I noted that many
such facilities provide high quality care, but that many
others fall woefully short of this standard. I observed
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that those who must live in such facilities are virtual
prisoners in an atmosphere of neglect and degradation.
Following that speech, I directed the development of an
action plan to improve nursing home care and I announced that
8-point plan in August of 1971. I am pleased to be able to
report that we have made significant progress in carrying
out that plan. We have delivered on all of the eight
promises implied in that program. Let us look at each of
them:
1. Training State Nursing Home Inspectors - Through
February of 1972, almost 450 surveyors had been trained in
federally-sponsored programs at three universities. Contract
negotiations are underway to continue ongoing programs and to
establish new ones at two university training centers.
2. Complete Federal Support of State Inspections Under
Medicaid - Legislation to raise the level of financial parti-
cipation by the Federal Government in this activity to 100
percent was submitted to the Congress on October 7, 1971, as
an amendment to H.R. 1. This proposal is awaiting Congressional
action.
3. Consolidation of Enforcement Activities - A new Office
of Nursing Home Affairs has been established in the Office of
the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare. This unit is
directly responsible for coordinating all efforts to meet our
July 1, 1972, deadline for inspections of skilled nursing
homes and for certification of these facilities in accordance
with proper procedures.
4. Strengthening Federal Enforcement - 142 new positions
have been allocated to the Medical Services Administration to
enforce Medicaid standards and regulations. Added emphasis
is being placed on the audit process as a tool for enforce-
ment; 34 additional positions are being added in HEW's Audit
Agency to perform audits of nursing home operations.
5. Short-term Training for Professional and Para-
professional Nursing Home Personnel - This program is cur-
rently funded at the $2.4 million level and is scheduled to
train 20,000 persons. The fiscal year 1973 budget which I
submitted to the Congress contains $3 million to train an
additional 21,000 persons.
6. Assistance for State Investigative Units - A program
to develop and test investigative-ombudsman units to respond
to individual complaints and to other problems in the nursing
home area has also been initiated. As an interim mechanism,
nearly 900 social security district and branch offices have
been designated as listening posts to receive and investigate
complaints and suggestions about nursing home conditions.
7. Comprehensive Review of Long-term Care - The Office of
Nursing Home Affairs is now carrying out a comprehensive analysis
of issues related to long-term care.
8. Cracking Down on Substandard Nursing Homes - Progress
is also being made on this important front. Last December
I signed legislation which, among other things, authorizes
Federal quality standards for intermediate care facilities,
thus giving us additional authority to guarantee a decent
environment for those who live in long-term care facilities.
Every State providing nursing home care under the Medicare
and Medicaid programs has now installed systems for surveying
and certifying nursing homes. In the area of fire-safety and
other safety guidelines, a coordinated set of standards for
homes providing care under these programs is being put into
effect.
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Medicaid compliance activities have also been stepped up.
Onsite Federal reviews of State Medicaid certification pro-
cedures have been carried out. Deficiencies in those procedures
were found in 39 States. These deficiencies were publicly
announced by the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare
on November 30, 1971, along with a timetable for correcting
them. Since that time, 38 of the 39 States have made the
necessary corrections. We have determined that every facility
receiving Medicaid funds must have been inspected and cor-
rectly certified by July 1, 1972.
While we prefer to upgrade substandard homes rather than
shut them down, we will not hesitate to cut off money when
that is necessary. As of February 11, 1972, in fact, 13
extended care facilities had been decertified for participa-
tion in Medicare. In such cases, as I have often pledged
before, we are firmly committed to seeing that adequate
alternative arrangements are made for those who are displaced.
In fiscal year 1971, the Federal Government contributed
$1.2 billion to the cost of nursing home care. We should
also remember, however, that more than 40 percent of the
annual expenditure for nursing homes is borne by private
sources. In addition to seeing that Federal tax dollars
are properly spent in this area, it is also important that
private individuals are protected when they purchase nursing
home services. I have asked the Secretary of Health,
Education, and Welfare to develop proposals to deal with
this dimension of the nursing home challenge.
SPECIAL SERVICES TO FOSTER INDEPENDENCE
Improving the income position of older Americans and
upgrading nursing homes --- these are two concerns which
have been of highest priority for this Administration in
the past and which will continue to be central in the future.
As we work to develop a truly comprehensive strategy, however,
other agenda items have also been emerging as areas of special
emphasis, particularly those involving public and private
services which can help older persons live dignified, inde-
pendent lives in their own homes for as long as possible.
Increased Resources for the Administration on Aging
Since the passage of the Older Americans Act in 1965,
the Administration on Aging has had the lead Federal role
in developing and coordinating such services. While that
office has accomplished many significant things, the im-
portance and urgency of its mission have outstripped its
financial resources.
It was to help remedy this situation that I announced at
the White House Conference on Aging last December that I would
call for a five-fold increase in the budget of the Administra-
tion on Aging -- from $21 million to $100 million. As I will
discuss below in greater detail, I am now requesting an
additional $100 million for nutritional and related purposes,
money which would also be spent through the Administration on
Aging.
With this substantial increase in funds, we would be able
to step up significantly our efforts to develop and coordinate
a wide range of social and nutritional services for older
Americans. Our central aim in all of these activities will
be to prevent unnecessary institutionalization -- and to
lessen the isolation of the elderly wherever possible.
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Extending the Older Americans Act
Since its passage in 1965, the Older Americans Act has
served as an important charter for Federal service programs
for the elderly. Unless the act is promptly extended, however,
the grant programs it authorizes will expire on June 30th.
This must not happen. I therefore urge that this landmark
legislation be extended --- and that the extension be indefinite,
rather than limited to a specific period of time.
Strengthening the Planning and Delivery of Services
In addition, I am asking that the Older Americans Act be
amended to strengthen our planning and delivery systems for
services to the elderly. Too often in the past, these
"systems" have really been "non-systems," badly fragmented,
poorly planned and insufficiently coordinated. My proposed
amendments are designed to remedy these deficiencies.
We should begin by helping to develop and strengthen
the planning capacities of the State agencies on aging and
of new area agencies on aging which would be established
within each State. Up to 75 percent of the administrative
costs of these new area planning agencies would be funded by
the Administration on Aging, which would also establish
general goals to which activities at the State and local
levels would be directed. One of the major priorities would
be to enhance and maintain the independence of older citizens.
The State and area planning agencies would plan for the
mobilization and coordination of a wide range of resources --
public and private -- to meet such goals. The Administration
on Aging would be authorized to fund up to 90 percent of the
cost of social and nutritional services provided under plans
developed by the area planning agencies. In fiscal year 1973,
$160 million would be allocated in formula grants for nutritional
and social services. An additional $40 million would be allocated
in special project assistance to develop new and innovative
approaches and to strengthen particularly promising area plans.
By establishing overall objectives and by providing both
money and mechanisms for a stronger planning and coordination
effort, we can ensure that resources and energies which are
now widely scattered and fragmented can be pulled together in
ways which will notably increase their impact.
Coordinating Federal Efforts
Even as we strengthen coordination at grassroots levels,
so we must do a better job of coordinating Federal programs.
As this message makes clear, efforts are being made all across
our Government to help older citizens. But if there was one
clear message at the White House Conference on Aging, it was
that this wide range of Federal resources must be better
coordinated. To help achieve this important objective, I
have directed my Special Consultant on Aging to work with
all these agencies in an intense new effort to develop
coordinated services.
As the first step in this effort, I have directed those
agencies whose programs have a major impact on the lives of
older persons to provide the Cabinet-level Committee on Aging,
within sixty days, with the amounts they identify as serving
the needs of the elderly. In addition, I am directing that
each agency identify, within the total amount it expects to
spend for its aging programs, a sum that will be available to
the States and localities for purposes related to the Older
Americans Act. The Administration on Aging will then provide
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this information to the States so that it can be utilized in
the State and local planning process. State aging agencies
will also be able to transmit their views on proposed Federal
programs, thereby furthering the interchange of information
and strengthening overall coordination.
Under these procedures, we can ensure that all resources
for helping the elderly are fully marshalled and coordinated,
in a way which is responsive to the special needs of every
State and locality in our land.
Establishing Information and Complaint Centers
We must also work to improve communications between the
Federal Government and older Americans and to alert the Govern-
ment to areas of special need. Because older persons often
have some difficulty moving about conveniently, and because
services are often fragmented and channeled through complex
bureaucratic mechanisms, it is especially important that the
elderly have one place to turn where they can obtain needed
information and let their views be heard.
As I have already noted, we have been moving in this
direction under my program to upgrade the quality of nursing
home care. Following the directive which I announced at the
White House Conference on Aging, Social Security offices have
also been expanding their information and referral services for
the elderly. District and branch offices are now handling more
than 200,000 such inquiries each month -- and that number is
expected to increase. A task force is now at work within the
Social Security Administration to examine ways of improving
this service.
As another step in this direction, I have directed the
Cabinet-level Committee on Aging to examine ways in which we
can use other Government offices -- such as the General
Services Administration's Federal Information Centers and
the Agricultural Extension Service's local offices -- in further
expanding and improving our information and complaint services.
Fighting Hunger and Malnutrition
In addition to our overall funding and coordination
proposals concerning Federal services, we are also moving
ahead in a variety of specific service areas. One of the
most important is the fight against hunger and malnutrition
among the elderly.
The thought that any older citizens -- after a lifetime
of service to their communities and country --- may suffer
from hunger or malnutrition is intolerable. Happily, since
I submitted my message on hunger and nutrition to the
Congress in May of 1969, we have made significant strides
toward eliminating this problem among all age groups in
America. Our efforts to increase incomes have been central
to this endeavor, of course. But our special food
assistance programs have also been substantially augmented.
If my budget proposals for fiscal year 1973 are accepted,
overall spending for food stamps will have increased nine-
fold since 1969. In the coming fiscal year, an estimated
2 million elderly participants in the Food Stamp Program
will receive benefits of $343.5 million, compared with only
$45.8 million in fiscal year 1969. Virtually every county
in the Nation now offers either the Food Stamp or the Food
Distribution Program; in early 1969, nearly 500 counties
offered neither. In all, 2.5 million older Americans benefit
from at least one of these programs.
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Food assistance is important to the elderly. They
benefit not only from nutritious food but also from the
activity of preparing meals and sharing mealtimes with
others. To maximize these benefits, the Department of
Agriculture in January revised its regulations to improve
the nutrition program and expand participation.
But more needs to be done. Many older persons who are
entitled to food stamps or to surplus commodities are still
not receiving them. Why is this the case? In many instances,
older Americans do not realize they are eligible for partici-
pation. The agencies which provide assistance are often unaware
of older persons who need their services. Some older persons
choose not to participate -- out of pride or out of fear that
accepting food assistance may subject them to the arbitrary
treatment they associate with the present welfare system.
In some cases, older persons want to participate but find
that necessary transportation is unavailable.
To overcome the barriers which keep older Americans
from full participation in food assistance programs, we
are launching this year a major outreach campaign called
Project FIND. This campaign will be conducted through
a senior citizen awareness network made up of federally
operated or funded field offices and outreach workers.
It is my hope that Federally-supported personnel will be
augmented in this effort by volunteers from State local
government offices and from the private sector. For ninety
days, all these workers will go out across our country to
find those who should be participating in nutrition programs
but who are not yet involved.
Last night, I signed into law S. 1163, a new national
nutrition program for the elderly. This program will
provide prepared meals in a group setting and delivered
meals for those who are confined to their homes. I welcome
this effort. Because of my strong feeling that this area
should be one of priority action, I will submit to the
Congress -- as I suggested above -- an amendment to my
1973 budget to provide an additional $100 million for
nutritional and related services. My proposed amendments to
the Older Americans Act would further strengthen this effort
by ensuring that the Food Stamp Program is planned as part
of a more comprehensive service effort.
Other steps will also be taken in this area. In some
areas, for example, space at federally-assisted housing
projects will be utilized for feeding older persons. The
support of State and local governments, of civic and
religious organizations and of the food services industry
will also be solicited. Maximum use will be made of existing
technical resources, including skilled personnel who have
worked with the school lunch program and other special
programs of the Department of Agriculture. The time has
come for marshalling all of our resources in a comprehensive
campaign to meet the nutrition needs of older Americans.
Providing Better Transportation for the Elderly
For many older Americans, lack of mobility means poor
access to friends and relatives, to government services and
to meaningful participation in the community. Unless we
meet the challenge of providing better transportation for
older persons, our efforts in other fields will not be as
effective as they should be. This is why I told the delegates
to the White House Conference on Aging that I would, by
administrative action, require that Federal grants which
provide services for older persons also ensure that the
transportation needed to take advantage of these services
is available.
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In addition, the Department of Transportation is sig-
nificantly increasing its program for developing new ways
to meet the public transportation needs of older persons.
The approaches which are being tested include special new
transportation services to take elderly citizens from
housing projects and other residential areas to hospitals,
senior citizen centers, social service agencies, employment
opportunities and the like; and demand-responsive services
whereby the elderly are picked up at their doorsteps and
taken to specific desired destinations.
Once new ways have been developed for meeting the
transportation needs of the elderly, we must also make
them generally available. One proposal which could help
significantly in this effort is the recommendation recently
submitted to the Congress by the Secretary of Transportation
under which some of the funds now in the Highway Trust
Fund could be used by States and localities to augment
resources in the mass transportation area.
I hope the Congress will give prompt approval to this
important plan. The flexibility it provides would allow
State and local officials --- who know best the transportation
needs of the elderly within their own jurisdictions --- to
give special consideration to meeting those needs. I am
asking the Secretary of Transportation to develop specific
suggestions for assisting the States and localities in these
undertakings.
In addition, the Department of Transportation is ready
to give priority attention to community requests for helping
older Americans through capital grants from the Urban Mass
Transportation Fund and is willing to commit significant
resources to this end. I urge the States and localities
to move immediately to take advantage of these resources.
Meeting the Housing Needs of Older Citizens
This Administration has also worked hard to respond to the
very special housing needs of older Americans. It is expected,
for example, that an all-time record in producing subsidized
and insured housing and nursing homes for the elderly will
be achieved this year by the Department of Housing and
Urban Development. In the current fiscal year, nearly
66,000 units of subsidized housing for the elderly will be
funded under HUD's housing assistance programs --- a figure
which should rise to over 82,000 in fiscal year 1973. In
addition, accommodations for over 14,000 people, mostly
elderly, will be provided this fiscal year under HUD's
nursing and intermediate care facility programs -- and
nearly 18,000 such accommodations will be provided next
year. Finally, a large number of elderly citizens will
benefit from other housing funded by this year's record
number of nearly 600,000 subsidized housing unit reserva-
tions. Clearly, we are making substantial progress in
this important area.
A number of other administrative steps have also been
taken to ensure that this new housing is responsive to the
special needs of the elderly. For example, Secretary Romney
recently announced new guidelines for the Section 236 sub-
sidized rental program for lower income elderly tenants.
These guidelines will help ensure greater variety in
building types, including highrise structures, and more
flexibility in their locations. As a result of these guide-
lines, older persons will find such housing arrangements
even better suited to their particular needs.
The Department of Housing and Urban Development has also
issued initial guidelines for the new Section 106 (a) program
which will provide technical assistance to non-profit
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sponsors of low and moderate income housing -- including
housing which is specially designed for the elderly.
In addition, the Department will extend the mortgage
maturity for its Federal Housing Administration insured
nursing home program up to a maximum of 40 years. This
decision will not only reduce monthly occupancy charges to
patients, but it will also enable sponsors of residential
housing to "package" residential and nursing home complexes
more easily. The proximity of these facilities will permit
elderly persons temporarily to vacate their residential
units for short term nursing care --- and at the same time
remain close to family, friends, and the environment to
which they are accustomed.
I have also directed the Secretary of Housing and Urban
Development to work with the Administration on Aging in
developing training programs dealing with the management
of housing for the elderly.
The Law Enforcement Assistance Administration has
undertaken an intensive research effort to determine factors
which encourage or inhibit crime in residential settings and
to develop total security systems to reduce crime in housing
projects. The Department of Housing and Urban Development
plans to use the results of this effort in its housing
programs. I have also made grant funds available through
the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration for reducing
crime in areas housing older persons. Already, in two cities,
funds have been granted specifically for this purpose.
Crime is an especially serious problem for our older
citizens. Through these and other measures, we will continue
our strong effort to meet this challenge.
Two years ago my task force on aging observed that "older
persons would make greater use of many of the services society
intends them to receive if these services were made more
accessible to them. One reason that the number of senior
centers has increased so fast is because centers facilitate
the packaging, marketing, and delivery of services." The task
force also noted that, "although the number of senior centers
has rapidly grown in recent years, centers are still too
limited in number to reach more than a fraction of the older
population." In my judgement, a natural location for a
senior center is a housing facility occupied primarily by
older persons.
The Department of Housing and Urban Development administers
two housing programs under which such facilities can be made
available to older persons living in the project and in the
surrounding neighborhood: the Section 236 Program and the
Public Housing Program. Both of these programs provide
specially designed housing for lower income older persons.
The law under which these programs are administered contains
language which allows the financing of facilities designed
primarily for use by older persons including "cafeteria or
dining halls, community rooms, workshops, infirmaries
and other essential service facilities."
To increase the supply of well located senior centers,
I have instructed the Department of Housing and Urban
Development to encourage greater provision of community
space for senior centers within subsidized housing projects
for the elderly. The Department will consider the com-
munity's overall need for these centers in determining the
appropriate scale of centers within such housing projects.
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On other fronts, the Farmers Home Administration in the
Department of Agriculture is taking steps to meet the housing
needs of elderly persons who live in rural areas. Under the
Section 502 program, for example, thousands of elderly families
have received millions of dollars in loans for home ownership
and repair. The Section 515 program, which provides favorable
interest loans with repayment periods of up to 50 years to
stimulate the development of rental housing in rural areas,
has also moved forward. Rental units financed under this
program have tripled from 1969 to 1973.
EXPANDING OPPORTUNITIES FOR INVOLVEMENT
It is important that we give sufficient attention to the
things our Nation should be doing for older Americans. But it
is just as important that we remember how much older Americans
can do for their Nation. For above all else, what our older
citizens want from their country is a chance to be a part of
it, a chance to be involved, a chance to contribute.
I am determined that they will have that chance. For as I
told the White House Conference, "we cannot be at our best if
we keep our most experienced players on the bench. This
Administration is deeply committed to involving older citizens
as actively as possible in the life of our Nation -- by enhancing
their opportunities both for voluntary service and for regular
employment.
Improving Voluntary Service Programs
Voluntary social action has long been recognized as one of
the great distinguishing characteristics of America, a force
which has helped to unite and focus our diverse people in the
pursuit of common goals. And even as the voluntary spirit has
helped our country move forward more effectively, it has also
provided those who have volunteered for service with a greater
sense of fulfillment.
The voluntary spirit is particularly relevant to the lives
of older Americans. The White House Conference on Aging, for
example, called attention to "ways in which older Americans
could fulfill themselves by giving service to one another and
to their communities. " Delegates to the Conference called for
"a national policy to encourage older adults to volunteer,"
and urged "that existing national older adult voluntary pro-
grams should be expanded and funded at adequate levels in
order to serve extensive numbers of volunteers." They urged
a mobilization of public and private organizations to strengthen
the volunteer movement.
I agree completely with these judgments. That is why, at
the time of the White House Conference, I pledged to move suc-
cessful voluntary programs from demonstration status to full
operation on the national level, an expansion effort that is
rapidly moving forward.
I requested, for example, that the Foster Grandparent
program be doubled to $25 million, providing for 11,500 foster
grandparents to serve 23,000 children each day -- 50,000 children
in all each year -- in some 450 child care institutions through-
out the country. I also asked that ACTION's Retired Senior
Volunteer Program (RSVP) be tripled to $15 million so that
as many as 75,000 senior volunteers could be involved in
community services.
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When the RSVP program has developed to the full extent
permitted by the new appropriations, as many as 11,000
volunteers will be serving older persons in nursing homes and
other extended care facilities, bringing companionship and
personal assistance to some 45,000 residents who might other-
wise be lonely and isolated. At the same time, as many as
13,000 part-time RSVP volunteers will be serving as homemaker
and health aids, enabling thousands of older persons to con-
tinue to live in their own homes. By.using senior volunteers in
a variety of programs, we can foster that human contact which
brightens the lives both of those who are served and those
who volunteer.
But other new steps are also needed in this area.
As one such step, the Congress should enact legislation
which would enable the ACTION agency to expand person-to-
person volunteer service programs for older Americans. These
efforts would build on the successful experience of the
Foster Grandparent program. One important characteristic
of such programs is that so much good can be accomplished,
so many people helped, for a relatively small dollar invest-
ment. It would indeed be tragic if we did not capitalize
on this opportunity.
Measures are also needed to improve coordination among
the many Federal and non-Federal volunteer activities which
affect the aging. As one important step in this direction,
the Administration on Aging and the National Center for
Voluntary Action have enlisted the cooperation of 130
national voluntary organizations in a program to help older
men and women in 300 communities live dignified lives in
the familiar settings of their own homes. Too often, older
Americans are displaced from such settings simply because
small problems such as simple home repairs, shopping and
trips to obtain health care have become too difficult. And
yet, with only minimal assistance from volunteers, these
problems could easily be met.
I have directed the ACTION agency to work in every possible
way to help provide such assistance. Already, the RSVP program
is moving forward in this area. I am confident that other
ACTION program volunteers can also make a major impact in
this field. It is my hope, too, that communities will
consider the elderly residents of federally assisted housing
projects as a source of volunteer manpower for serving other
older persons.
As we move ahead with this entire program, we should take
encouragement from successes of the past. One which is
particularly noteworthy is the program in Mount Vernon and
Edmunds, Washington, where local citizens have designed a
unique bridge across the generation gap called STEP -- Service
To Elderly Persons. Under this program, volunteers from the
local high schools have undertaken, on a regular basis, to
assist elderly persons in performing small tasks, while at
the same time providing them with companionship and renewed
hope. Everyone gains from a program of this sort. If leaders
at every level are alert to such possibilities, our progress
can be enormous.
Often in quiet ways, the people of the United States
have been responding to the challenges of our society with
compassion and resourcefulness. Now it is for those of us
who have the responsibility for national leadership to
provide the Federal assistance which can help such voluntary
efforts go even further and accomplish even more.
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Employment Opportunities for Older Citizens
Discrimination based on age - - what some people call
"age-ism" -- can be as great an evil in our society as
discrimination based on race or religion or any other
characteristic which ignores a person's unique status as
an individual and treats him or her as a member of some
arbitrarily-defined group. Especially in the employment
field, discrimination based on age is cruel and self-
defeating; it destroys the spirit of those who want to
work and it denies the Nation the contribution they could
make if they were working.
We are responding to this problem in a number of ways.
The Department of Labor, for example, has filed over 80 suits
under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 --
30 of which have been successfully concluded. I will soon
propose to the Congress that this act be broadened to include
what is perhaps the fastest growing area of employment in our
economy --- the State and local governments. I will also
send a directive to the heads of all Federal departments and
agencies reaffirming and emphasizing our policy that age
shall be no bar to a Federal job which an individual is
otherwise qualified to perform.
The Age Discrimination in Employment Act relates to persons
between the ages of 45 and 65. I recognize that persons
falling within this age group are confronted with special
problems in the employment area and that we should do every-
thing we can to resolve these problems. It is also important,
however, that we help open employment opportunities for
persons over 65. To this end, I have requested the Secretary
of Labor to urge the States and local communities to include
older persons in the opportunities provided by the Emergency
Employment Act of 1971, and to work with our public employment
offices so that they will be in a position to help open job
opportunities for the over 65 group, including opportunities
for part-time employment in both the public and private sectors.
I also asked last fall that funds be doubled for special
Operation Mainstream projects for low-income older workers --
such as Green Thumb and Senior Aides. This measure can mean
that as many as 10,000 older persons will be employed in
activities that provide useful community service.
ORGANIZING FOR FUTURE ACTION
One of the important concerns of the White House Conference
on Aging was the way in which the Government is organized to
deal with the problems of older Americans. It was because I
share this concern that I established my original task force
on aging, appointed the first Special Assistant to the
President on Aging and the first Special Consultant to the
President on Aging, set up a new Cabinet-level Committee on
Aging and called the White House Conference.
In a similar manner, the Secretary of Health, Education,
and Welfare has taken steps to ensure that the voice of
older Americans speaks loud and clear within that Department.
He has informed me that he will strengthen the Department's
Advisory Committee on Older Americans and provide it with
staff capability to support its increased responsibilities.
The Commissioner of Aging, in his capacity as Chairman of the
Advisory Committee, will report directly to the Secretary.
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Another important organizational concern involves
Government research activities which concern the process and
problems of aging. It is important that the same scientific
resources which have helped more people live longer lives
now be applied to the challenge of making those lives full
and rewarding for more Americans. Only through a wise invest-
ment in research now, can we be sure that our medical triumphs
of the past will not lead to social tragedies in the future.
What we need is a comprehensive, coordinated research
program, one which includes disciplines ranging from biomedical
research to transportation systems analysis, from psychology
and sociology to management science and economics. To co-
ordinate the development of such a program, a new Technical
Advisory Committee for Aging Research will be created in the
office of the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare.
A GENERATION NO LONGER FORGOTTEN
We all grow old; the younger generation today will be the
older generation tomorrow. As we address the needs of older
Americans, therefore, we are truly acting in the best interest
of all Americans. The actions and proposals which have been
outlined in this message are designed to address those needs
and meet those interests.
When I spoke about the problems of the elderly back in
1968, I described our older citizens as "an entire generation
of forgotten Americans.¹ But since that time, as this message
clearly demonstrates, that situation has sharply changed.
Today, it can truly be said that at all levels of Government
and in all parts of the country, "the aging have come of age."
Much work still remains, to be sure, but we can conclude with
assurance that the aging are forgotten no longer.
Just before the First World War, one of the brilliant young
writers of that day penned a line which has since become a
hallmark of the period: "It is the glory of the present age,"
he wrote, "that in it one can be young.
Since that time, the generation of which he wrote has
come through a troubled and challenging time through two
World Wars and a Great Depression, through the difficult
experiences of Korea and Vietnam. The members of that same
generation have led this country through a time of social and
economic change unparalleled in world history. And they have
come through all of these challenges "with colors flying."
Because of their success, we now have the opportunity to
complete their quest for peace and justice at home and
around the world.
At such a moment, one obligation should be very high
on our list of priorities: our obligation to this older
generation. Let us work to make ours a time of which it
can be said, "the glory of the present age is that in it
men and women can grow old" and can do so with grace
and pride and dignity, honored and useful citizens of
the land they did so much to build.
RICHARD NIXON
THE WHITE HOUSE,
March 23, 1972.
#####
Radio
aging
Elderly VOL. V. NO. 47
WASHINGTON REPORT by Congressman Marvin L. Esch
Second District of Michigan
December 1, 1971
FOR RELEASE BEGINNING WEEK OF DECEMBER 6
The 1971 White House Conference on Aging was held in Washington last week. It
is the second such conference in the last ten years, the first having been called by
President Eisenhower and convened in Washington in early January, 1961.
This conference raised important and far reaching questions, at a time when
millions of older Americans are experiencing the feeling that society has failed them.
The goals are obvious. We must do more to providin our Senior Citizens with better
income, better housing, far more adequate transportation and much more needs to be done to
greater employment opportunities.
As the 1971 conference got underway, there were 20 million Americans over 65,
which is one in every ten persons in the nation. This number grows at the rate of 900 a
day or over 300,000 a year. It is a sad commentary that in the wealthiest nation in the
world our older citizens have the feeling that society has placed them in an inferior
position, that they have been promised more by society than what has been delivered. One
thing. that comes through to me as a result of my trips throughout the district is that
senior citizens do not want to be put on the shelf. They want an opportunity to live in
dignity and to share and contribute to the abundance and growth of our nation.
I have had this in mind in a series of legislative steps that I have taken over
the years: for instance, I have repeatedly introduced bills to end the earnings limitation.
In my view, there are few single steps that the Congress could take that would be more
meaningful to the elderly. At this moment, I am preparing a bill which would authorize
a $5,000 exemption for these persons. Additionally, I am a strong supporter of H.R. 1
which contains Social Security Welfare Reform amendments and has been passed by the House
of Representatives. In addition to making major reforms in the Social Security program,
such as full*benefits for widows at äge 65, cost of living adjustments, special
minimum benefits, this bill would establish for the first time a new federal income floor
for the elderly.
I am pleased to note that probably by the time this report reaches you, the
House Appropriations Committee will very likely have acted favorably on a proposal which
I made last spring to fund some 21 nutrition projects under Title Four of the Older
Americans Act. These programs had been on a demonstration basis only but as a result of
the effort of my colleagues in both the House and Senate who share my view that we can
make no better investment then in programs that assure our people have a proper diet,
we succeeded in an expansion of this effort and a broadening of these activities.
Additionally, I have sought a recognition of the fact that an overwhelming
majority of the millions of older Americans who are now unemployed do in fact possess
extraordinary skills that can be easily and quickly adapted by both public and private
non-profit groups in communities across the nation. I have long félt that Congress
ought to assess the possibility of a federal program in cooperation with local agencies
which would put these older Americans into the many available para-professional jobs.
In the space that I have here I can not touch on all the critical changes
that ought to be made as we confront the problem of the aged. It has been too easy for
too many of us to literally forget this segment of our society. It is my hope that
the White House Conference on Aging, just concluded, where no subject was taboo, can
address itself to the simple fact that we as a society have not done enough and get on
with the task of setting immediate and long-range goals that can be met. It would
be a pity for the White House Conference on Aging to become a political battle ground
and anything less than the constructive instrument that is so urgently needed.
Congressman
aging
Clarence J. Brown-Ohio
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
PH: WASH.. D.C. 202-225-4324
NEWS
WASHINGTON. D.C. 20515
springfield 513-325-0474
IMMEDIATE RELEASE
WASH,, D.C.--Legislation to establish a National Institute of Aging
to provide special research on the aging process and on the prevention,
treatment and cure of special health problems of the elderly has been
supported by Congressman Clarence J. Brown.
Brown voted with the majority of the House Committee on Interstate
and Foreign Commerce to send the bill to the House floor for action. He
said the new national institute would be established within the Public
Health Service and would be augmented by a National Advisory Council on
Aging which would report annually to the President and to Congress its
findings and recommendations in the field of physical and mental health
problems of the elderly.
Brown said the legislation provides for grants for studying the
special health problems of the aged, training of personnel and :for the
construction of local mental health facilities for the elderly in
conjunction with community mental health centers. Staffing and opera-
tional grants to assist the local centers expand into services speciali-
zing in mental health problems of the elderly would also be provided.
The Ohio Congressman emphasized that improved physical and mental
health for America's elderly will save significantly on the nation's
health bill and interrelated costs now being incurred to provide what
too often amounts to custodial care.
"But even that is secondary to what must be the nation's commitment
to provide our aged citizens with a greater promise of more enjoyment
of their past labors and more usefulness to the mainstream of society
during their senior years," he said. "Too many of them find these
years filled with the agony and hopelessness of deterriorating health
and mental alertness that cuts them off from the real world and makes
them inactive wards of society."
A total of $20 million would be authorized under the bill for the
1973 fiscal year, beginning July 1st, Brown said. It would provide
$5 million in construction grant funds and $15 million for professional
and technical personnel and for training and evaluation programs.
10
AT GOVERNMENT EXPENSE)
-30-
Republican
National
Committee.
Elderly (Spersing Homes)
August 19, 1971
Honorable Gerald R. Ford, Jr.
House of Representatives
Washington, D. C.
Dear Congressman Ford:
Recently President Nixon issued a forceful and
comprehensive program to insure that no Senior
Citizen would reside in a substandard nursing
home. His action was hailed across the country
by Senior Citizens and all concerned Americans.
His statement and the contemplated action will, I
am sure, be of the utmost interest to you and to
many of your Senior Citizen constituents. I am,
therefore, enclosing a copy of the full text of the
President's statement and a background fact sheet
for such use as you may care to make of them.
With all good wishes.
Sincerely,
Boursed S. Yan Renselver
Bernard S. Van Rensselaer
Director, Senior Citizens Division
map
Enclosures
Dwight D. Eisenhower Republican Center: 310 First Street Southeast, Washington, D.C. 20003. (202) 484-6500.
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE ON DELIVERY
AUGUST 6, 1971
(Estimated at 3:30 p.m. EDT)
Office of the White House Press Secretary
(Nashua, New Hampshire)
THE WHITE HOUSE
STATEMENT BY THE PRESIDENT
The vast majority of Americans over 65 years of age are eager and able
to play a continuing role as active, independent participants in the life of
our country. Encouraging them to play this role -- and providing greater
opportunities for them to do so -- is a cornerstone of this administration's
policy concerning older Americans.
For almost one million of our 20 million senior citizens, however, a
dignified and humane existence requires a degree of care from @thers that
can usually be found only in a nursing home or extended care facility. For
those who need them, the nursing homes of America should be shining
symbols of comfort and concern.
Many of our nursing homes meet this standard most admirably. Day after
day and year after year they demonstrate the capacity of our society to
care for even the most dependent of its elderly citizens in a decent and
compassionate manner. It is the goal of this administration to see that all
of our nursing homes provide care of this same high quality.
Unfortunately, many facilities now fall woefully short of this standard.
Unsanitary and unsafe, overcrowded and understaffed, the substandard
nursing home can be a terribly depressing institution. To live one's later
years in such a place is to live in an atmosphere of neglect and degradation.
In my speech to the regional convention of the National Retired Teachers
Association and the American Association of Retired Persons in Chicago on
June 25th, I pledged action to meet this challenge. Members of my
administration have been vigorous in their development of specific plans to
carry out that pledge. Today I am announcing certain decisions which we
have already made in this important area.
A Plan For Action
Nursing homes presently receive over $1 billion or 40 percent of their total
income from the Federal Government -- most of it through Medicare and
Medicaid payments. (An additional $700 million comes from the States and
localities and $900 million comes from private sources.) As I emphasized
in my Chicago speech, "I do not believe that Medicaid and Medicare funds
should go to substandard nursing homes in this country and subsidize them."
This is not only a matter of personal belief, it is also the law of the land --
and has been since 1965.
The reason that many substandard facilities have often continued to
receive such payments are many and complex. It has been difficult to
enforce the law that requires participant homes to meet certain standards.
In the final analysis, however, there can be no excuse for lax law enforcement
-- and I therefore am taking a number of steps to improve enforcement
efforts.
(MORE)
-2-
1.
I am ordering that the Federal program for training State nursing home
inspectors be expanded so that an additional 2, 000 inspectors will be trained
over the next 18-month period. The major responsibility for surveillance and
regulation in the field is now carried out by State governments and this action
will enable them to increase their effectiveness most significantly.
One of three places in the country where such training is now provided is the
W.K. Kellogg Center for Continuing Education at the University of New Hampshire
in Durham. This program trains people not only to inspect nursing homes but
also to provide technical assistance and consultative services which can help
improve these facilities. This New Hampshire program is funded through a
grant from Department of Health, Education and Welfare and it is our intention
to establish similar programs in other areas of the country. This expansion
effort will cost approximately $3 million.
2.
Toward this same end, I am asking theCongress to authorize the Federal
Government to assume 100% of the necessary costs of these State inspection
teams under the Medicaid program. This will bring the Medicaid law, which
now requires the States to pay from 25 to 50 percent of these costs, into line
with the Medicare law, under which the Federal Government pays the entire
cost for such inspections. Again, State enforcement efforts would be significantly
enhanced by this procedure.
3.
I am ordering that all activities relating to the enforcement of such stan-
dards activities which are now scattered in various branches of the Department
of Health, Education and Welfare be consolidated within the Department into
a single, highly efficient program. This means that all enforcement responsi-
bility will be focused at a single point -- that a single official will be accountable
for success or failure in this endeavor. I am confident that this step alone
will enormously improve the efficiency and the consistency of our enforcement
activities.
4.
I am requesting funds to enlarge our Federal enforcement program by
creating 150 additional positions. This will enable the Federal Government
more effectively to meet its own responsibilities under the law and to support
State enforcement efforts.
5.
I have directed the Department of Health, Education and Welfare to
institute a new program of short-term courses for physicians, nurses, dieticians,
social workers and others who are regularly involved in furnishing services to
nursing home patients. Appropriate professional organizations will be
involved in developing plans and course materials for this program and
the latest research findings in this complex field will also be utilized.
In too many cases, those who provide nursing home care -- though they
be generally well prepared for their profession have not been adequately
trained to meet the special neede of the elderly. Our new program will
help correct this deficiency.
6.
I have also directed the Department of Health, Education and Welfare to
assist the States in establishing investigative units which will respond in a
responsible and constructive way to complaints made by or on behalf of
individual patients. The individual who is confined to an institution and
dependent upon it is often powerless to make his voice heard. This new program
will help him deal with concerns such as accounting for his funds and other
personal property, protecting himself against involuntary transfers from one
nursing home to another or to a mental hospital, and gaining a fair hearing
for reports of physical and psychological abuse.
MORE
-3-
7.
I am also directing the Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare to
undertake a comprehensive review of the use of long-term care facilities
as well as the standards and practices of nursing homes and to recommend
any further remedial measures that may be appropriate. Such a review is
badly needed. Study after study tells us -- compellingly that many things
are wrong with certain nursing home facilities, but there is not yet a clear
enough understanding of all the steps that must be taken to correct this picture.
Of course, I am also looking to the White House Conference on Aging, which
meets this December, to offer specific recommendations regarding this same
difficult question.
8.
Finally, I would emphasize my earnest hope that all these efforts will
bring about the improvement of existing substandard homes rather than their
abolition. The interests of the elderly are far better served when a home
is reformed and renewed than when a home is eliminated. But let there be no
mistaking the fact that when facilities fail to meet reasonable standards, we
will not hesitate to cut off their Medicare and Medicaid funds.
We are particularly hopeful that our efforts will bring reform, since any
reasonable expenses incurred as a result of improving care can often be
financed under the existing Medicare and Medicaid programs. We are fully
prepared to budget the necessary funds to meet reasonable cost increases
which result from such improvements.
The Federal Government stands ready to help in this great reform effort in
other ways as well. Under the Hill Burton Act, for example, we are able to
provide loan guarantees and direct loans for the modernization of old nursing
home facilities and the construction of new ones. The Federal Housing
Administration also provides help in this field by insuring mortages to finance
construction or rehabilitation of nursing homes and intermediate care facilities.
And the Small Business Administration also guarantees loans and makes direct
loans to assist proprietary nursing homes in constructing, expanding or
converting their facilities, in purchasing equipment or materials, and in
assembling working capital.
In addition to all of these efforts, the administration is working in a number of
other ways to improve the life of all older Americans -- whatever their place
of residence. Some of our strongest initiatives to help older people -- including
major reforms in both the welfare and social security systems -- are contained
in the legislation designated H. R. 1 which is now pending in the Senate. I
would emphasize again the passage of this legislation could make a major
impact for good in the lives of older Americans, including those who need
to live in nursing homes and extended care facilities.
As we work to improve the quality of life for the elderly -- and especially for
those who must rely on the care provided in the nursing homes of our country--
we should not expect overnight miracles. The problems we face have developed
in too many places over too long a time. But we can expect that our efforts
will result in significant and continuing progress. With the cooperation of
the Congress, the State governments, and the nursing home industry, we can
truly transform substandard nursing homes so that the very best nursing
homes of today will be the typical nursing homes of tomorrow.
#
#
#
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE ON DELIVERY
(Estimated at 3:30 p.m. EDT)
August 6, 1971
Office of the White House Press Secretary
THE WHITE HOUSE
FACT SHEET
Background
In Chicago on June 25, 1971, in remarks at a Joint Conference of the
National Retired Teachers Association and the American Association of
Retired Persons, the President referred to the "depressing" nature of
some nursing homes and said:
"I think we should take notice of this problem. I am confident that
our Federal, State and local governments, working together with
the private sector, can do much to transform the nursing home --
for those who need it, and of course, there are those who do not
need it or want it transform it into an inspiring symbol of com-
fort and hope.
"I have asked the White House Conference to give particular attention
to it. One thing you can be sure, I do not believe that Medicaid and
Medicare funds should go to substandard nursing homes in this
country and subsidize them."
President's Plan for Action
Although the President continues to expect to receive recommendations from
the White House Conference on Aging when it meets in December, he has
today:
1. Ordered that the Federal program for training state nursing home
inspections be expanded BO that an additional 2, 000 inspectors will be trained
over the next 18-month period. [One of three places in the country where
such training is now provided is at the University of New Hampshire in
Durham.
2. Announced his intention to ask the Congress to authorize the Federal
Government to assume 100% of the cost of state inspection of nursing homes
to significantly enhance enforcement efforts.
3. Ordered that all activities relating to the enforcement of nursing home
standards now scattered in various branches of the Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare be consolidated within the Department into a single,
highly efficient program. This action will place all enforcement responsi-
bility at a single point so that a single official will be accountable for success
or failure in this endeavor.
4. Announced intention to request funds to enlarge the Federal enforcement
program by creating 150 additional positions to enable the Federal Govern-
ment to more effectively support State efforts to enforce the law and to
upgrade nursing homes.
5. Directed the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare to institute
short-term training of health workers who are regularly involved in furnishing
services to nursing home patients so that they can meet the specific needs of
the elderly.
more
2
6. Directed the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare to assist
the states in establishing investigative units which will respond in a
responsible and constructive way to complaints made by or on behalf of
individual nursing home patients.
7. Directed the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare to undertake
a comprehensive review of the use of long-term care facilities as well as
standards and practices of nursing homes and to recommend further
measures that may be needed.
8. Has restated his intention that Medicare and Medicaid funds will be cut
off to those nursing homes that fail to meet reasonable standards.
Some Facts on Nursing Homes
Number of Institutions for the Aged
23,000
Type of Ownership:
Proprietary for profit
77%
Private Non-profit
15%
Governmental (State and Local)
8%
Number of Discharges
661,089
Number of Employees (total)
505,031
Number of Employees
(per 100 residents)
68
Average monthly charge per resident
In nursing homes
$295
In personal care homes
$210
Number of persons 65 and over
20 million
% of population
9%
(In New Hampshire 11. 2% of
population is over 65)
Number of persons 65 and over
in nursing homes
900,000
Federal support of nursing home
patient care, 1970
Over 1 billion dollars
State and local governments spend
$700 million
Private sources spend over
$900 million
Nursing home "industry" is close to
$2. 6 billion
more
TYPES OF NURSING HOMES PRESENTLY RECEIVING FEDERAL FUNDS
Extended Care Facilities
Skilled Nursing Homes
Intermediate Care Facility
[Receive Medicare payments]
Title XIX
(State Option)
[Receive Medicaid payments]
[Receive Welfare payments]
Types of
Extended Care Facilities
Skilled Nursing Homes
As defined by the State Plan:
Facilities
Extended Care wings of
Infirmary Sections of homes
Homes for the aged
Involved
hospitals
for the aged
Rest homes
Skilled Nursing Homes
Skilled nursing home wings
Personal Care homes
of hospitals
Other homes for those not
requiring skilled
nursing care
Minimum Facility
Facility must have State
Facility must meet State
State licensing, sanitation,
Standards for
license; meet Federal
licensing requirements:
and safety standards applicable
Federal Financial
standards for staffing,
meet Federal standards
to State nursing home licensure
Participation
safety, and quality of
and any other standards set by
patient care
State
more
Review of
Visit by physician at
Monthly visit by physician.
Independent review and evalua-
Patient's Needs
least once every 30 days
Independent medical review
tion by physician and case
and evaluation of care and
worker of care and services
services received in rela-
received in relation to patient's
tion to patient's needs at
needs at least annually
least annually
Eligibility in
Those eligible for Medicare
Those eligible for medical
In the 32 States including inter-
Federal or Federal-
under Title XVIII of the
assistance under Title XIX
mediate care in their assistance
State Programs
Social Security Act
of the Social Security Act
plans, those eligible for financial
assistance under federally supported
programs for old age assistance,
aid to the blind, aid to the disabled
more
Extended Care Facilities
Skilled Nursing Homes
Intermediate Care Facility
[Receive Medicare payments]
Title XIX
(State Option)
[Receive Medicaid payments]
[Receive Welfare payments]
Est. No.
4,200
7,000
12,000
Facilities
Est. Expenditures
$320 million
$1.3 billion
$307 million
FY 70
(State and Federal)
Est. No. People
472,500 admissions
450,000
146,000
Served FY 70
Focus
Post-hospital skilled nursing
Long-term skilled care and
Long-term supportive care in
care in an institutional
services as defined by
an institutional setting
#
setting
Federal regulations in an
#
4
institutional setting
#
Typical patients
Those able to leave acute
Those requiring skilled
Those needing more care than
and services
care wings in a hospital
nursing services on a con-
is available at home but not
#
but not yet ready to go
tinuous basis; long-term
requiring skilled nursing
home; continues and
patients with little
services
completes course of hospital
potential of rehabilitation
treatment prior to complete
to the point of discharge
discharge
march
27, 1972
Elderly
FIVE GOAL PROGRAM FOR OLDER
AMERICANS CALLS FOR ACTION NOW
In his senior citizen message to Congress last week,
President Nixon outlined a bold, constructive, five-
goal program which is now-and will continue even
more in the future-to assist this Nation's 20 mil-
lion older Americans:
Improving the income position of older Americans;
Upgrading the quality of nursing homes;
Helping older Americans lead dignified, independ-
end lives in their own homes;
Expanding opportunities for the involvement of
older persons in community life;
Organizing the Government to meet the changing
needs of older Americans.
President's Actions
As a result of President Nixon's actions, the Federal
Government will spend an estimated $50 billion on
behalf of older Americans in 1973, nearly 50 percent
more than it spent in 1969.
Just one example of increased concern for the elderly
is the increase in overall' spending under the Older
Americans Act. Spending under this act has risen
from $32 million in 1969 to a proposed $157 million
as announced in the 1973 budget. The President is
now recommending a further increase of $100 mil-
lion for nutrition and related services, bringing spend-
ing under the act to $257 million-an eight-fold in-
crease since 1969.
Monday, Ma
REGISTER-BY-MAIL SCHEME
(Continued from previous page)
Fifth, it would change radically our traditional and
well-established voter registration systems;
Increased Chance for Fraud
Sixth, it would multiply the opportunities for fraud
in elections;
Seventh, it would impose Federal registration costs
in excess of a hundred million dollars per Presidential
election year; and
Eighth, it would have serious, adverse implications
on our entire system of elections and our system of
government.
The opportunity for fraud under the legislation-
called "Daley's Delight" by Sen. GOP Leader Hugh
Scott-was explained in detail by Sen. Fong;
No Registering in Person
"At present, except in very unusual circumstances,
voter registration procedures by most States require
the individual desiring to register to sppear in person
before a registrar at the time of registration. This bill
allows prospective voters to register by mail for Fed-
eral elections. No personal appearances before any
government official are necessary until the time of
voting.
"In view of the fact that the residency requirement
under the bill is only 30 days before election day and
registration is accomplished by mail, the opportuni-
ties for fraud are increased tremendously. The time
allowed for checking registration rolls is cut to a
Elderly
WASHINGTON REPORT by Congressman Marvin L. Esch
VOL. V, NO. 34
Second District of Michigan
August 31, 1971
FOR RELEASE BEGINNING WEEK OF SEPTEMBER 6
Congress regularly passes increased Social Security Benefits and makes other
adjustments so that the golden years can be truly meaningful for our Senior Citizens.
Even with such action millions of our elderly Americans continue to live on the
borderline of poverty. A great majority are employable in constructive jobs and
desire the psychological and financial rewards that come from holding such positions.
It is high time that Congress recognized that a piecemeal approach to the problems
of our Senior Citizens is no longer acceptable. We must find new methods which
will no longer say to them, you must be dependant on your children, on private
charity, and on public welfare. This is the time to move in new directions and
create a national employment policy for the elderly so that those who are able and
still desire to use their skills and talents can do so.
Recent statistics indicate that of the 40 million Americans, 55 and over,
there are several million who are capable of full time or part time employment
opportunities. Previous studies also point to several employment possibilities
that are available in most communities where an elderly person in need of add-
itional income could provide a needed service. Some of these openings are
available with public and private nonprofit groups and include positions as
teacher aides, hospital aides, recreation workers, and jobs in day-care centers,
senior citizen centers, and in nursing homes. This type of job does not require
a long and sustained period of training, but in most cases it is possible for on
the job training. The fact remains that an overwhelming majority of the millions
of older Americans seeking such positions would bring to them the necessary back-
ground and skills that would enable them to quickly adjust and provide these
necessary community services.
The need for such paraprofessional workers in a wide variety of community
jobs has long been evident. Congress should immediately assess the possibility
of some type of Federal program in cooperation with the local community agencies
to provide such community service jobs. By creating this kind of partnership, I
believe both the elderly and the communities across the nation would profit.
S 7264
Aging RECORD SENATE
May 4, 1972
privileges of their masters [with certain
vulnerability to suit requires this Court to
in the cases of Moss V. Laird, and Fisher V.
minimal limitations] but by the 3rd section
afford complete satisfaction of plaintiff's dis-
Department of Defense, D.D.C., Civil Actions
of the 10th Geo. III., the privilege of mem-
covery requests when such discovery is spe-
No. 1254-71 and 1865-71, and is reprinted in
bers to be free from arrest upon all suits, au-
cifically barred by a Senate resolution" (slip
the appendix to this brief.
thorized by the Act, was expressly reserved;
op. 4). But the court did not explicitly rest on
22a Transcript of Proceeding, September 10,
while no such reservation was introduced
the Speech or Debate Clause; it did not hold
1971 (Dr. Rodberg's Motion to Quash Grand
in reference to their servants. And thus,
that Congress can immunize employees from
Jury Subpena), p. 52.
without any distinct abrogation of the priv-
all inquiry in civil suits, much less than one
23 The Court could not have been referring
ilege, it was, in fact, put an end to, as execu-
member of Congress can immunize his own
to corrupt or improperly motivated inter-
tions were not to be stayed in their favor, and
employee from all inquiry in a criminal in-
cessions only, since, if intercessions are
their freedom from arrest was not reserved."
vestigation.
Speech or Debate, they would be protected,
May, Treatise On The Law, Privileges, Pro-
16 Respondents in Dombrowski, in a brief
whether they are innocent or corrupt, United
ceedings, And Usage of Parliament (7th ed.
signed by the Solicitor General (No. 118, Oct.
States V. Johnson, supra.
1873) 130.
Term, 1966), had suggested such coverage,
24 Under this statute, all criminal and civil
11 The American Colonial experience in
Doe V. McMillan, No. 71-1027, C.A. D.C., de-
proceedings against persons for publication
large measure tracked the English back-
cided January 20, 1972, petition for certiorari
of papers printed by order of a house of
ground including the protection of servants
pending, No. 71-6356, does apparently adopt
Parliament were stayed upon the filing of
from arrest. See generally, Clarke, Parlia-
such a construction of the Clause (see slip,
an affidavit reciting such order. See Wittke,
mentary Privilege in The American Colo-
op. 17-19). Since the decision in Doe turns
op. cit., supra, 155.
(1943). This protection was cut back
substantially on the court's finding that the
May, Parliamentary Practice (16th ed.,
after the federal constitution was adopted
non-members were, in contrast to the situa-
1957) 58.
until today only Virginia maintains the privi-
tion in Kilbourn, "acting pursuant to valid
26 Methodist Foundation for Social Action
lege on behalf of servants. See Va. Code
legislative authorization" (slip. op. at 17),
V. Eastland, 141 F. Supp. 731 (D.D.C.), upon
(1950), § 30-4 to 30-8. For a collection of
it is unclear what view the court would have
which Senator Gravel relies (Pet. No. 1017,
the relevant state Constitutional provisions
taken had their acts been wrongful. In any
pp. 14, 16), involved an attempt to enjoin
see Tenney V. Brandhove, 341 U.S. 367, 374-
event, the case involves a civil suit and the
the printing as a Senate document of a sub-
376.
result is fully consistent with the interpre-
committee document whose printing the
James Wilson stated the purpose of the
tation of the Clause urged here, not only be-
Senate had authorized. The court ruled (p.
speech or debate privilege as follows: "In
cause the challenged acts of publishing and
731) that "nothing authorizes anyone to
order to enable and encourage a representa-
distributing the report of a House Committee
prevent Congress from publishing any state-
tive of the public to discharge his public
on the District of Columbia school system
ment"; it decided nothing on whether the
trust with firmness and success, it is indis-
was proper, but also because the officials
Speech or Debate Clause covers republica-
pensably necessary, that he should enjoy the
sued were protected by an official immunity
tion.
fullest liberty of speech, and that he should
independent of the Speech or Debate Clause
Although the court's ruling on legisla-
be protected from the resentment of every
(see slip, op. 20-25).
tive privilege in terms covered only Senator
one, however powerful, to whom the exercise
17 We, of course, agree with the opinion in
Gravel, the extension of such immunity by
of that liberty may occasion offence." II
Dombrowski V. Eastland that legislative em-
implication to his aide seems the only basis
Works of James Wilson (Andrews ed. 1896)
ployees do enjoy immunity, but one that is
for the court's prohibition against question-
38, quoted in Tenney V. Brandhove, 341 U.S.
less absolute than that of legislators. Nor do
ing Dr. Rodberg about the republication of
367, 373.
we question that the presence of the Speech
the Pentagon Papers, in view of the court's
The American case law on the constitu-
or Debate Clause is relevant to the deter-
holding that the Speech or Debate Clause
tional immunity from arrest does not ad-
mination whether legislative employees are
does not cover republication.
vance the inquiry because. the clause has
privileged; it was also relevant to the deter-
been involved in little litigation. This is in
mination of immunity of state legislators
large measure due to the inherent limita-
under the federal civil rights statute in
NATIONAL
SENIOR
CITIZENS
tions in the wording of the clause. From the
Tenney v. Brandhove, 341 U.S. 367. Our sub-
MONTH-A TIME FOR ACTION
earliest assertions of the privilege, "treason,
mission is that the Clause itself does not
felony and breach of the peace" were excep-
confer immunity on employees.
Mr. BROOKE. Mr. President, May is
tions (see Note 7, supra). Essentially the im-
18 This court, in reviewing the decision, ex-
a joyous month for most Americans.
munity has been merely one from civil arrest
plicitly indicated that it was not passing
Warm weather, with blossoming trees
(Williamson V. United States, 207 U.S. 425).
on this third-party issue. United States V.
and flowers, lure us all from our onerous
And even in civil case a Congressman may be
Johnson, 383 U.S. 169, 172-173, n. 3.
cares. May is a youthful month filled
served with process (Long V. Ansell, 293 U.S.
The privilege of executive officers not to
with youthful pleasures. Yet for some 20
76). While civil arrest was common in Eng-
give evidence which would jeopardize na-
million of our citizens, May offers no
land and in America at the time of the adop-
tional security (United States V. Reynolds,
tion of the Constitution, it is no longer so.
bright promise of better times. These 20
345 U.S. 1) or diplomatic relations (cf. Tot-
Thus, as the court observed in Long V. Ansell,
million Americans are over 65 years of
ten V. United States, 92 U.S. 105) is strictly
69 F. 2d 386, 388 (C.A. D.C.)
"limited by its underlying purpose" (Hal-
age, and they have learned, in their re-
That which at the time of the adoption of
pern V. United States, 258 F. 2d 36, 44 (C.A.
tirement years, that they lack a fair share
the Constitution was of substantial benefit
2)). No executive official is exempt from sub-
of the abundance which they produced
to a Member of Congress has been reduced
poena. See e.g., Marbury V. Madison, 1 Cranch
through their own years of toil. Ironical-
almost to a nullity.
137, 143-144; United States v. Burr, 25 Fed.
ly, May is their month-Senior Citizens
14 Mr. Justice Stewart, dissenting, consid-
Cas. 30, 34; United States V. Smith, 27 Fed.
Month. But under our present system the
ered the case moot. 395 U.S. at 559.
Cas. 1192; Thompson V. German Valley R.
observance mocks its basic promise.
15 In Tenney V. Brandhove, 341 U.S. 367, 378,
Co., 22 N.J. Eq. 111, 113 (State Governor).
in which state legislators were held not liable
If after appearing the executive official as-
One quarter of the elderly Americans
serts the privilege, the court must weigh the
are presently living in poverty, yet most
under a federal civil rights statute, the Court
had affirmed the vitality of Kilbourn.
claim of privilege against the need for the
were not poor until they became old. And
For a recent lower court case following Kil-
evidence, and assure itself that the claim is
unfortunately the older they grow the
bourn and Powell, see Stamler V. Willis, 415 F.
made in good faith (United States V. Reyn-
poorer they grow.
2d 1365, in which the Court of Appeals for the
olds, supra, 345 U.S. at 7-11). No court has
When we add to their poverty the
Seventh Circuit reversed the dismissal of an
recognized for executive officers a privilege
problems of ill health, isolation, and in-
action for injunctive and declaratory relief
such as that claimed by the Senator's aides,
adequate housing and services, our elder-
challenging the House Un-American Activi-
to refuse to answer any questions at all con-
cerning their official duties.
ly suffer, indeed, from our neglect.
ties Committee, and remanded to permit the
But their attitude of quiet suffering is
joinder of "appropriate [non-Member] agents
20 The court below does not make it celar
of the House Committee" (415 F. 2d at 1368)
whether the aide enjoys protection of the
a thing of the past. We are entering a
so that effective relief might be granted if
Speech or Debate Clause simply because of
new era in which "senior power" is be-
plaintiffs succeeded on the merits. See also
his status or only because his Senator has
coming a reality. Three thousand, four
Hentoff V. Ichord, 318 F. Supp. 1175 (D. D.C.).
intervened on his behalf.
hundred strong, the delegates to the
Uinted States Servicemen's Fund V. East-
21 It is no answer to say that the innocent
White House Conference on Aging con-
land, Civil No. 1474-70 (D. D.C., decided Octo-
Senator will have no reason to protect guilty
demned the status quo and provided a
ber 21, 1971) in which the court, in an in-
third parties or aides. He may well not wish
full and compelling agenda for change.
junctive action, declined to order a subcom-
it to be established that he used forged pa-
These delegates, and millions more of the
mittee's counsel to answer certain questions
pers, even innocently, and he might also fear
elderly throughout the Nation, are deter-
posed by plaintiff seeking pretrial discovery,
that any branding of his aide as a criminal
may reflect unfavorably on him.
mined that the report of the Conference
is not inconsistent with the basic principle
of Kilbourn and Powell, or the position of the
22 The conditions under which the material
will not gather dust on our shelves or
government in this case. The court did refer
was supplied to Congress are stated in an
serve solely as a basis for more empty
to a Senate resolution authorizing counsel to
affidavit of J. Fred Buzhardt, General Coun-
rhetoric. The Conference-and the 20
testify only as to matters of public record, de-
sel of the Department of Defense and the
million older Americans which it repre-
claring that there was no authority for the
attachments thereto. The affidavit was filed
sents-rightly demand an end to our long
May 4, 1972
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE
7263
supports the claim here, is weightier than
who have dealt with Senator Gravel or his
113. Given the availability of the more gen-
the private interest of persons seeking fi-
aides. The judgment should be reversed in-
eral and open-ended language concerning
nancial redress for torts that government of-
sofar as it restricts the questions that may
speech and debate of the English Bill of
ficers allegedly committed against them.
be asked of Dr. Rodberg and other witnesses.
Rights and the Articles of Confederation,
Although this Court has long recognized
Respectfully submitted.
and the specific colonial coverage of certain
the immunity of members of the judicial
ERWIN N. GRISWOLD,
nonmembers in the related privilege against
and executive branches of the government
Solicitor General.
arrest, the precise words of the present Clause
from tort liability for official acts (Bradley
ROBERT C. MARDIAN,
can hardly be assigned to caprice or inatten-
V. Fischer, supra, 13 Wall. 335 (judge); Spald-
Assistant Attorney General.
tive draftsmanship.
ing V. Vilas, 161 U.S. 483 (Postmaster Gen-
JEROME M. FEIT,
The case of Thomas Haxey (1397) has
eral)) we know of no case in which the im-
ALLAN A. TUTTLE,
sometimes been cited as an early assertion of
munity has been extended to excuse them
Assistants to the Solicitor General.
the privilege of freedom of speech, and Haxey
from testifying before a grand jury. There
ROBERT L. KEUCH,
may not have been a voting member of Par-
is no reason why a different rule should be
WILLIAM M. PIATT,
liament but a representative of the clergy
created for employees of the legislative
Attorneys.
attending Parliament, see Wittke. The His-
branches, for whom this Court only recently
April 1972.
tory of English Parliamentary Privilege, 26
suggested there may be a similar immunity
FOOTNOTES
Ohio State Univ. Bull., No. 2, p. 24 (1921).
from tort and injunctive liability (see Wheel-
1 The references in this brief to "Pet. App."
Haxey was charged with treason and con-
din V. Wheeler, supra, 373 U.S. 647; Dombrow-
are to the petition in No. 71-1026.
victed for introducing a bill in the House
ski V. Eastland, supra, 387 U.S. 82)
The facts and procedural history of this
of Commons criticizing expenditures of the
In sum, there is no sound reason to create
case are set out in the opinion of the court
royal household. With the accession of Henry
an immunity apart from the Speech or De-
of appeals (Pet. App. A, pp. 18-19) and the
IV, Haxey successfully petitioned the King
bate Clause that would permit employees of
opinion of the district court (Pet. App. D,
in Parliament to reverse the judgment as be-
the legislative branch to avoid the normal
pp. 38-39, 41-42).
ing against the law and custom of Parlia-
duty of all citizens to testify before the grand
2a The grand jury was investigating the
ment. Several commentators have rejected
jury about any matter of which they have
following possible crimes: the retention of
the idea that the petition represented a claim
knowledge.
public property or records with intent to
of parliamentary privilege. J. E. Neale in The
E. Any Possible Privilege That Legislative
convert (18 U.S.C. 641), the gathering and
Commons' Privilege of Free Speech in Par-
Aides Might Have not to Give Grand Jury
transmitting of national defense information
liament (Tudor Studies, 1924) 259, in
Testimony About Republication of Protected
(18 U.S.C. 793), the concealment or removal
"lay[ing] the ghost of Haxey's case, which
Speech or Debate Does not Extend to Third
of public records or documents (18 U.S.C.
has troubled us too long," observed:
Persons who Participate in Such Republica-
2071), and conspiracy to commit such of-
"In the first place privilege of free speech
tion.
fenses and to defraud the United States (18
covers members alone Moreover, priv-
Even if, contrary to our submission, either
U.S.C. 371) (Pet App. A, p. 19).
ilege was never a plea' against a charge of
the Speech or Debate Clause or a legislative
Initially the court held that Senator Gra-
treason; and in reality the petition in favour
immunity permits legislative aides to avoid
vel as an intervenor could properly appeal
of Haxey was either grounded upon the ir-
testifying before a grand jury about republi-
from the refusal to quash the subpoenas di-
regularity of the trial or it was
cation of protected speech or debate, the im-
rected to Rodberg and Webber, on the ground
grounded upon the contention that the of-
munity does not extend to third persons
that he would have no other method of test-
fence was not treason."
whose only possible connection with the leg-
ing the validity of the subpoenas and that
See also Taswell-Langmead, English Con-
islative process is that they were negotiating
compliance with the subpoenas would irrep-
stitutional History (11th ed., Plucknett,
for or handling the republication.
arably injure him (Pet. App. A, pp. 19-20).
1960), 175. In any event, even if, contrary
The language of the Clause, no matter
Mr. Justice Brennan granted on January
to this interpretation, Haxey's case does have
how broadly it is construed, cannot fairly
24, 1972, a stay sought by Senator Gravel,
some bearing on the Parliamentary privilege
be read to cover such third persons. Those
thus leaving in effect the folowing order
of freedom of speech, it seems apparent that,
persons are not performing essential aspects
entered by the court of appeals on Novem-
whatever his precise formal status, by intro-
of the legislative process on behalf of "Sen-
ber 29, 1971:
ducing the bill he functioned much like a
ators or Representatives," so that making the
"It is ordered that the grand jury may pur-
member of Commons; and his case has little
immunity of the latter effective requires that
sue its inquiry into crimes relating to the
relevance for those who do not propose leg-
it be extended to the former. Neither Mr.
so-called Pentagon Papers, provided that
islation, vote, or debate, but instead assist
Webber, the editor of the Massachusetts In-
neither Senator Mike Gravel nor any mem-
legislators in the performance of their duties.
stitute of Technology Press with whom Sen-
ber of his stafl or of the staff of the Sub-
See Barrington, Observation on The More
ator Gravel or Dr. Rodberg had unsuccessful
committee on Buildings and Grounds shall
Ancient Statutes (4th ed. 1775) 375.
negotiations, nor officials of the Beacon Press,
be subpoenaed to testify, and no witness
As in our Constitution, "treason, felony
which ultimately handled the republication,
shall be questioned concening the acquisi-
and surety [breach] of the peace" have al-
were performing or effectuating the perform-
tion, use, publication, or republication of the
ways been exceptions to the immunity, May,
ance of any legislative function in their ne-
Pentagon Papers by Senator Mike Gravel or
Parliamentary Practice (16th ed. 1957) 68.
gotiations for the republication. Rather they
by any member of the staff as above defined,
Generally the immunity was limited to im-
were merely carrying on the private business
until further order of this court. The re-
munity from civil arrest, Williamson V.
of their own publishing organizations. Their
straining order entered October 29, 1971 shall
United States, 207 U.S. 425.
activities were neither Congressional "Speech
remain in full force in all other aspects until
Thus Wittke, op. cit., supra, 41 n. 75 ob-
or Debate," nor a part of the legislative proc-
further order of this court."
serves: "One writer on this period came to
ess.
5 The language of the English Bill of Rights
the following conclusion: 'It has to be ad-
Nor can it be said that Senator Gravel is
of 1689, 1 Wm. & Mary Sess. 2, c. 2, which this
mitted that for no purpose was parliamen-
"being questioned" when third persons are
Court has recognized several times as an im-
tary privilege more valued than for escaping
questioned about their dealings with him or
portant source for the Speech or Debate
from payment of lawful debts' A. S. Turber-
his aide. The questioning that the Clause
Clause (see, e.g., Kilbourn V. Thompson, 103
ville, The House of Lords in the Reign of
prohibits is questioning of the Senator or
U.S. 168, 202; Tenney V. Brandhove, 341 U.S.
William III, 77 (Oxford Historical and Liter-
Representative, not questioning of other per-
367, 372; United States V. Johnson, 383 U.S.
ary Studies, 1913).'
sons about their dealings with him.
169, 177-178) is much less precise about the
See Wittke, op. cit., supra, 41-43: Tas-
The extension of immunity to such third
persons to whom it reaches: "That the Free-
well-Langmead, English Constitutional His-
persons is not necessary to make the Speech
dom of Speech, and Debates or Proceedings
tory (11 ed. Plucknett, 1960) 321-322, 580-
or Debate Clause privilege effective. It is far
582.
in Parliament ought not to be impeached or
fetched to suggest that a member of Com-
questioned in any Court or Place out of Par-
The nature of the problem and the solu-
gress is likely to be deterred from doing
tion afforded by this statute have been notèd
liament." Similarly, Article V of the Articles
his job properly because of the possibility
by an eminent commentator: "Members and
of Confederation, an obvious possible model
that some third person with whom he has
their servants had formerly enjoyed im-
for the writers of the Constitution, is much
contact may be questioned by a grand jury
munity from the distress of their goods, and
about the matter.
less specific. It provides:
from all civil suits during the periods of
"Freedom of speech and debate in Con-
If, as the court of appeals held in the
privilege. Such monstrous privileges had been
gress shall not be impeached or questioned in
Johnson case, 337 F. 2d 180 (C.A. 4), third
flagitiously abused; and few passages in
any court, or place out of Congress, and the
persons may be criminally prosecuted for
Parliamentary history are more discreditable
members of Congress shall be protected in
their dealing with a Congressman involving
than the frivolous pretexts under which pro-
the performance of his legislative function,
their persons from arrest and imprisonments,
tections were claimed by members of both
a fortiori they may be required to testify
during the time of their going to and from,
Houses, and their servants." 1 May, The
before a grand jury about such dealings.
and attendance on Congress, except for trea-
Constitutional History of England (1912),
son, felony, and breach of the peace."
358. The same commentator has written:
Conclusion
Most of the colonies enacted specific legis-
"By the 10th Geo. III, c. 50, a very im-
The judgment of the court of appeals
lation extending the related privilege of free-
portant limitation of the freedom of arrest
should be affirmed insofar as it permits in-
dom from arrest to servants. Clarke, Parlia-
was effected. Down to that time the servants
quiry of Dr. Rodberg, and of private persons
mentary Privilege in The American Colonies,
of members had been entitled to all the
May 4, 1972
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
7265
neglect. Older citizens demand action.
the Social Security Administration. At
line. Under such a provision they would
The time for it is now. For senior citizens
present the average OAA monthly pay-
receive annual incomes of $1,920 for in-
have no time to wait.
ments vary significantly among the
dividuals and $2,400 for couples. Federal
Last year the House passed H.R. 1, the
States, ranging from a low of $50 in Mis-
payment of this minimum is contained
Social Security Amendments of 1971.
sissippi to a high of $168 in New Hamp-
in Senator CHURCH'S amendment No. 998
This bill was a beginning, a base from
shire, with a nationwide average of $78. I
to H.R. 1, which was introduced prior to
which to work. The Senate Finance Com-
am pleased to note that Massachusetts is
the committee's action on the guaranteed
mittee has been revising it for many
on the high end of the OAA payment
income levels, and which I have also co-
months, and through its efforts we can
spectrum with average monthly pay-
sponsored. The 1971 White House Con-
be certain that some Social Security
ments of $130. In addition, our Common-
ference on Aging endorsed the federali-
Legislation will pass the Congress this
wealth is one of seven States-Alaska,
zation of such minimum payments, and
year.
Idaho, Illinois, Massachusetts, Nebraska,
their administration by the Social Se-
As a member of the Special Committee
North Dakota, and Washington-which
curity Office. I concur with this recom-
on Aging, I have explored for some time
guarantees a monthly income of at least
mendation, and it, too, has my support.
the problems and prospects of security,
$180 for an individual receiving social se-
Even if the Senate should support
health, housing, and service for our elder-
curity benefits.
these proposals-a minimum monthly
ly. In the context of the compelling re-
The Finance Committee's action on the
floor guaranteeing all aged, blind, and
port of the White House Conference on
guaranteed minimum income parallels
disabled individuals incomes above the
Aging, I considered what could and
these State programs to a large extent.
poverty level; and the social security and
should be done in this session of Con-
On April 5 the committee announced its
other income set asides approved by the
gress. I have developed a list of musts
approval of provisions which would as-
Finance Committee-we shall still fall
that I will strive to enact into law.
sure most aged, blind, or disabled welfare
short of the goal of the 1971 Conference
First, I believe that our elderly cannot
recipients a combined monthly income
on Aging. The Conference urged a mini-
endure a rise in social security benefits
from social security and welfare of at
mum income of $4,500 for an elderly cou-
of less than 20 percent, and I am a co-
least $180 for an individual and $245 for
ple, which is equal to the intermediate
sponsor of Senator CHURCH'S amendment
a couple.
budget prepared by the Bureau of Labor
No. 999 to provide such an across-the-
At the same time, the provisions ap-
Statistics. While it seems unlikely that
board increase. This amendment would
proved by the Finance Committee pro-
we shall reach this goal during this ses-
raise the monthly benefits for the typical
vide those aged, blind, and disabled with
sion of Congress, we must not slack in
retired couple from $222 to $269. The in-
no other source of income a monthly
our efforts. We cannot be satisfied with
come of the average retired single person
payment of only $130 a month for in-
merely lifting the elderly out of poverty.
would be raised from $133 to $162.
dividuals and $195 a month for couples.
We must strive to provide a level of se-
The 15-percent increase in benefits
This minimum level of assistance leaves
curity in which all can live in dignity.
approved in 1970, and the subsequent 10-
some 2.4 million aged, blind, and dis-
Third, we must boost the retirement
percent increase effective in March of
abled persons, who receive no social se-
test above the $2,000 level contained in
1971, have almost been negated by infla-
curity or other income, below the poverty
H.R. 1 to at least $2,400 this year and
tion. A 20-percent increase in benefits
level of $1,852 and $2,328 for aged in-
next, and $3,000 beginning in 1974. I am
now is a must if we are going to provide
dividuals and couples, respectively.
pleased to cosponsor Senator PERCY'S
any real economic gains for older Amer-
Overall these provisions would lift
amendment to this effect. I believe such
icans. The prospects for enactment of
from poverty 4 million aged, blind and
a phased increase, with a study of the
such a substantial raise have been im-
disabled persons who receive social se-
feasibility of eliminating the earnings
proved by the fact that the chairman of
curity or have other sources of income.
limitation altogether, is the most practi-
the House Ways and Means Committee,
This would be accomplished by disre-
cal approach towards reaching the goal
Representative WILBUR MILLS, concurs
garding each month the first $50 of social
recommended by the Conference on
in the need for the 20-percent across-
security or other income. The disregard,
Aging.
the-board benefits increase and in the
added to the minimum, would insure that
I am also pleased that the House of
inadequacy of the 5-percent increase
those aged, blind and disabled recipients
Representatives eliminated altogether
now contained in H.R. 1.
with some social security or other income
the dollar-for-dollar reduction. which
But across-the-board increases do not
would receive a minimum monthly in-
now begins at $2,880 and provided in-
always benefit those who need help the
come of $180 and $245 for individuals
stead a flat 50 percent benefit reduction
most: The people at the bottom of the
and couples respectively. Annually this
across the board for earnings above
scale. For this reason I was particularly
would mean incomes for individuals of
$2,000. Our elderly must have alternatives
heartened by the Senate Finance Com-
$2,160, and for couples of $2,960, which in
to full retirement, and we should not dis-
mittee's adoption of the special mini-
both instances exceeds the poverty level.
courage those who wish and are able to
mum cash benefit schedule, which pro-
Further disregarding of $50 of earned in-
work
vides a minimum benefit of $10 per year
come, plus one-half of any earnings
Regrettably few Americans in the 65
for each year of covered employment in
above $50, also approved by the commit-
plus age category presently are working.
excess of 10 years. Some 40,000 addition-
tee, will significantly aid those who work
Only 15.3 percent of the elderly have jobs,
al people who had worked in covered em-
part-time.
and those are usually part-time and low-
ployment at low wages for many years,
The Finance Committee's approach
paying positions. Yet all older Americans
will benefit immediately. For those who
would result in payments to the aged,
want a meaningful role in society, and
had so worked for 30 years, this new spe-
blind, and disabled of $5.7 billion in
they have valuable talents and the time
cial minimum will provide a payment of
1973-an increase of $3.5 billion over ex-
to contribute richly to the welfare of
$200 a month for an individual and $300
isting law-and would approximately
their fellow citizens. We must seek sig-
a couple. Many who have toiled all their
double the number of aged, blind, and
nificant ways to utilize the services of our
lives only to find themselves living in
disabled welfare recipients from the
elderly citizens. We cannot afford to
poverty in their retirement will, under
present 3 million to 6 million.
waste their considerable talents. The Ad-
this provision, be accorded the security
Mr. President, while I welcome the
ministration on Aging programs provide
they deserve.
committee's significant steps to remove
a start, but there is much more that needs
But this is only a first step. We must
4 million Americans from poverty, I am
to be done and I shall continue to do all
lift every older American, as well as every
concerned about the 2.4 million aged,
I can to provide our elderly citizens with
blind and disabled American, out of
blind, and disabled persons who will re-
wider opportunities for continuing serv-
poverty once and for all. In H.R. 1, the
main entrapped in poverty. They must
ice.
House has moved to replace the existing
be helped. If the Senate were to adopt a
Fourth, we must go forward, not back-
"adult" assistance programs for the
guaranteed minimum income of $160 for
ward, in expanding the coverage of medi-
elderly, blind, and disabled-OAA, AB,
individuals and $200 for couples, for
care, which now pays only 43 percent of
and APTD-with a new Federal income
those who have received neither social
the elderly's health care expenses.
floor of $130 a month for an individual
security or other sources of income, we
H.R. 1, as approved by the House, of-
and $195 for a couple, with the new,
would succeed in lifting all the aged,
fers some improvements in the medicare
unified program to be administered by
blind, and disabled above the poverty
program. It includes the automatic en-
S 7266
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
May 4, 1972
rollment of eligible individuals in part
Out-of-hospital prescription drugs
need to be overhauled and redirected as
B-the supplementary medical insurance
with a minimal or no copayment must be
we develop a new financing method that
program. At the present time, while 96
a top priority in our consideration of H.R.
insures each and every American the
percent of those eligible enroll, 4 percent
1. I am hopeful the Finance Committee
right to good health.
somehow fail to take advantage of this
will act to include such a provision in
Mr. President, I have touched on some
vital coverage.
the bill. "Miracle" drugs can provide no
of the musts for meeting the health care
While we move to merge part A-hos-
miracles if patients cannot afford them.
needs of the elderly. But better health
pital insurance-and part B in regard to
We should also review carefully the
care and minimum benefit payments
enrollment, I believe the time has also
inadequacy of medicare coverage in the
alone, welcome as they may be, are only
come to eliminate the part B premium al-
areas of foot care, eye examinations, eye
part of the answer to the needs of elderly
together and finance the program en-
refractions, eye glasses, hearing aids,
Americans.
tirely through general revenues. This is
dental care, and false teeth, and seek to
As a member of the Committee on
part of the administration's overall
broaden medicare's coverage in these
Banking, Housing, and Urban Develop-
health strategy, and provisions to elimi-
areas.
ment, housing for all Americans has
nate this premium are contained in Sen-
I commend the committee for remov-
been among my top priorities. An amend-
ator WILLIAMS' amendment No 1103, of
ing in part the restrictions on the cov-
ment which I introduced and which was
which I am pleased to be a cosponsor.
erage of treatment of beneficiaries by
passed in 1969 provided some relief for
When medicare began 6 years ago, the
speech therapists and clinical psycholo-
the elderly in public housing by insuring
part B premium was $3. It is now $5.60
gists, by eliminating the current provi-
that no tenant over 65 would be required
and scheduled to go to $5.80 on July 1.
sion that such services must be rendered
to pay more than 25 percent of his or her
This 94-percent increase in premiums
only in a physician-directed clinic or out-
adjusted gross income for rent. This pro-
has inflicted severe hardships on im-
patient hospital. However, the services
vided considerable relief to elderly ten-
poverished older Americans. By eliminat-
would still have to be provided in an or-
ants with small fixed incomes, and the
ing the premium payments, each older
ganized setting under a plan of care or
Housing and Urban Development Act of
American will have an additional $69.20
treatment established by a physician. I
1972, which passed the Senate on
a year-at the July 1 premium rate-to
am not convinced that such supervision
March 2, contains an expansion of the
spend on the other necessities of life. The
is necessary. I also regret that this mini-
Brooke amendment to federally subsi-
cost to the Government of $1.5 billion
mal change was not accompanied by a
dized private housing projects as well. It
can be justified by the immediate impact
realistic upward adjustment in the $250
is my hope that House will concur in
on millions of older Americans' incomes.
annual limitation on out-patient treat-
this proposal so that the rent ceiling will
The House, in H.R. 1, sought to in-
ment of mental illnesses. The mental
extend to the elderly-indeed to all ten-
crease the part B deductible from $50 to
health needs of elderly citizens cannot
ants-of federally assisted housing.
$60. I am hopeful the Committee on Fi-
adequately be met within this limit.
But only one-third of our Nation's el-
nance will delete this provision. Due to
The inadequacy of medicare coverage
derly are tenants. Two-thirds of our
the soaring cost of medical care, aged
for rehabilitation services must be fur-
older citizens own their own homes, and
beneficiaries are spending almost as
ther corrected as well, and I believe Sen-
their greatest burden of home-ownership
much out of pocket today for health
ator STEVENSON'S amendment, No. 955,
is the property tax. The burden is so
care as they did prior to medicare, for
of which I am a cosponsor, is an essen-
great that many elderly Americans are
the 20-percent coinsurance they must pay
tial remedy to these current medicare
forced to sell their lifelong homes and
is being paid on substantially higher
deficiencies. This amendment would pro-
leave the communities where their roots
charges today than those of 1965.
vide coverage under medicare of up to
have grown SO deep.
I believe that we must not only roll
100 visits to an authorized posthospital
Last year the Senate passed an amend-
back this increase in the part B deduc-
rehabilitation facility. Services to be cov-
ment which would have provided relief
tible, but begin gradually to eliminate
ered under part A would include: Physi-
for elderly homeowners. This year, Sen-
it. I am pleased to co-sponsor Senator
cal and occupational therapy; speech
ators PEARSON and EAGLETON have intro-
PELL'S amendment, No. 1093, which would
pathology and audiology; medical social
duced a similar amendment of which I
provide a gradual phaseout with a com-
services; and services related to the use
am pleased to be a cosponsor. This
plete end to the deductible by January 1,
of prosthetic and orthotic devices. This
amendment No. 895 would allow persons
1975.
amendment would benefit the 100,000
65 years of age and older a tax credit up
The Finance Committee has already
older Americans who are released from
to $300 per year for property taxes paid
rejected the increase in the hospital co-
hospitals and extended care facilities
on their residence. For the one-third of
payment as proposed in H.R. 1. The
cured, but not rehabilitated.
the olderly who are tenants rather than
House-passed copayment of $8.50 a day
Some of the most vexing problems of
homeowners, there would be a tax credit
from the 31st to 60th days of hospitaliza-
the elderly stem from the requirements
equal to 25 percent of the annual rent,
tion would have cost a seriously ill pati-
for extended care and home health serv-
not to exceed $300. In both instances the
ent who was hospitalized for 60 days or
ices. The elderly have been plagued by
tax credit would be reduced dollar for
more an additional $255. Yet such seri-
retroactive denials of eligibility for such
dollar of adjusted gross income in excess
ously ill elderly patients are the ones who
services. We must include in H.R. 1 pro-
of $3,250 for an individual and $6,500 for
could least afford this. But while I wel-
visions for prospective determinations of
a couple filing jointly. This amendment is
come the committee's deletion of this co-
eligibility for extended care and home
essential to insure that elderly home-
payment increase, I am concerned that
health services. At the same time we must
owners will not be forced to sell their
the committee rejected the commendable
eliminate the 3-day in-patient hospital
homes, and to provide those who are ten-
House-passed increase in the number of
stay requirement for medicare coverage
ants some economic relief or a chance
lifetime reserve days from 60 to 120.
of extended care services, while expand-
to move into more suitable housing. I
While the committee correctly points out
ing the number of posthospital home
am confident the Senate will again adopt
that such an increase would affect very
health visits from 100 to 200. Senator
this essential amendment and I am hope-
few beneficiaries, I would suggest that
PELL'S amendments Nos. 1093 and 1097,
ful that this year the House will accept
these seriously ill beneficiaries are the
propose such revisions of current law,
it.
ones that suffer the most severe financial
and I am pleased to cosponsor his pro-
Mr. President, my remarks have fo-
burdens in their protracted illnesses. This
posals.
cused on the needs of the elderly as I
increase in lifetime reserves must be re-
However, such revisions to title XVIII
understand them. My suggestions have
included in H.R. 1 by the Senate.
will not provide the answer to the un-
been directed to what the Social Secur-
It is not enough that we relieve medi-
availability of suitable extended care fa-
ity Amendments of 1971, H.R. 1, should
care beneficiaries from the excessive bur-
cilities. Clearly, as the White House Con-
contain if those needs are to be met.
dens of premiums, deductibles, and co-
ference on Aging suggests, the elderly as
But H.R. 1 as presently constituted is
insurance. We must also expand the cov-
well as all Americans need a comprehen-
not a bill solely for those over 65. It con-
erage of medicare and simply medicare
sive new health strategy which provides
tains important provisions relating to
procedures for the provision of care
access to quality health care for all
title V of the Social Security Act-grants
needed.
Americans. Our medical "nonsystem"
to States for maternal and child wel-
S 7268
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
May 4, 1972
dustry so that the Nation's basic energy
a useful course of action for other States
love it," Gilbert said. As chef he is in charge
needs can be safely and economically
to follow in stimulating job opportuni-
of the kitchen. "On Sundays we prepare 150-
met from secure sources under the con-
ties for middle-aged and older persons.
160 pounds baron of beef."
A recent article in the Idaho States-
Five days of work each week at Sir Rich-
trol of this Nation.
ard's doesn't seem to be enough for Gilbert.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
man describes these activities in greater
He cooks dinners once a week for two Masonic
sent that the Evening Star article be
detail.
lodges on his "off work" days.
printed in the RECORD.
Mr. President, I commend this article
His chief experience includes 21 years at
There being no objection, the article
to Members of the Senate and ask
clubs in Reno. He was working as chef for
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
unanimous consent that it be printed in
one of Albertson's delicatessens in Reno and
as follows:
the RECORD.
was transferred to the chef position at Al-
bertson's Sixteenth and State delicatessen in
GOP SENATORS ASK REROUTING OF OIL PIPE-
There being no objection, the article
Boise.
LINE
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
"I like to work," Gilbert said. "Restaurant
A dozen Republican senators from the
as follows:
work is hard work, but I want to keep on
Midwest and East have challenged the pro-
STATISTICS, PERSONAL VIEWS BOLSTER APRIL
working as long as my health holds out. We
posed Alaskan oil pipeline, calling for seri-
(By Carrie Ewing)
will have the work organized on my job soon,
ous consideration of a cross-Canada route
to the U.S. Midwest.
April is special emphasis month to appeal
then I can put in shorter hours. I don't want
to quit work abruptly. That makes too much
Led by Asst. Senate GOP Leader Robert
to employers to hire the older worker, ages
time on my hands."
Griffin of Michigan, they echoed arguments
45 and up.
Mrs. Elizabeth Krutzfeldt, 420 North Pa-
made earlier by many Democrats that a
The joint announcement was issued by the
Canadian line would be cheaper, less costly
Idaho Office on Aging, with Wil Overgaard as
cific, though officially a retired practical
nurse, finds it impossible to retire, because
to maintain and operate, more secure from
deputy director, and the Governor's Com-
mittee on Employment of the Handicapped
"My patients keep recommending me to
earthquakes, less potentially harmful to the
someone else who needs home care, and I go.
environment and safer from a national-se-
and Older Worker, George N. Stoops, execu-
I have a feeling for my patients. I like to be
curity viewpoint.
tive director.
Of the 30,090 unemployed insured workers
good to them."
So it is, when one case terminates, Mrs.
seeking employment in Idaho during the
Krutzfeldt is faced with another as a result of
ONE MILLION MIDDLE-AGED AND
first quarter of 1972, 11,537 are in the 45 and
satisfied customers spreading the word. She
OLDER WORKERS UNEMPLOYED
older age bracket, according to Department
is happy to "work on call." She maintains the
of Employment reports.
home and gardens and raises flowers to keep
Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, jobless-
During that period, the total number of in-
busy during off-duty intervals.
ness continues to remain at an unaccept-
sured unemployed persons in Idaho increased
She is another older worker who found
ably high level for persons 45 and older.
by less than two per cent over the corre-
placement originally with Retirement Jobs
More than 1 million individuals in this
sponding period of 1971. But the over-45
of Idaho, Inc.
worker in the same category for the same
age bracket are now unemployed, nearly
Acclaimed by George Stoops of the Gover-
period increased by 14 per cent.
75 percent higher than in January 1969.
nor's committee as a "shining example" of the
Hidden in these statistics is the fact that
And once he loses his job, the older
energetic older worker is George H. Hill, 3621
one out of every 3.3 persons 65 or older had
Patricia Lane.
worker is likely to be without employ-
an income of $3,000 or less for 1971.
Hill retired last August from a building
ment for a substantial period of time.
Overgaard called attention to a startling
maintenance position with KTVB Channel 7,
Today 466,000 have been searching un-
fact that accounts for some of the unem-
"after trying to retire for four years." But
successfully for work for 15 weeks or
ployment among older workers.
complete retirement was not for Hill. He pres-
"One farm worker was required to pro-
longer, more than three times as great as
ently is occupied changing and installing new
duce enough food for 11 persons 30 years ago.
in January 1969. During this same
locking units in federal government build-
Today, with mechanization and improved
period their very long term unemploy-
ings.
techniques, one person produces enough to
Hill said he is willing to accept part-time
ment-27 weeks or longer-has jumped
feed 45 persons," he said.
employment, and will not refuse a full-time
by an alarming 362 percent, from 48,000
Using the adjectives skilled, competent, de-
occupation. However, he prefers the part-
to 222,000.
pendable energetic and dedicated, the two
time setup, for, at 69, he would like "to kick
In my own State of Idaho, older work-
directors offer "living proof" for their opin-
around a bit-work and have fun, too. Can't
ions.
ers and their families have also felt the
just sit down and do nothing."
They gleaned the examples from Retire-
harsh effects of the economic slowdown
An ardent skier since he was 10, Hill said
ment Jobs of Idaho, Inc. and the Governor's
during the past 3 years.
he has slowed down now, going about four
committee. Retirement Jobs was a dream,
times a season.
Persons 45 and older, for example, ac-
then a reality for Mrs. Agatha Pallister, a re-
"My wife skied until five years ago. We
count for almost 40 percent of the total
tired worker who decided to do something
both belong to two bowling leagues."
insured unemployment in Idaho.
about her leisure and that of other retirees.
In the 1950s, Hill managed the Bogus Basin
However, action has been initiated in
Serving many years in employment offices
Ski area for four years. He served nine years
Idaho on a number of key fronts to cre-
in Utah, Mrs. Pallister moved to Boise on her
on the Volunteer Ski Patrol, which eventu-
ate a more favorable climate for the em-
retirement. As leisure time weighed so
ally became connected with the Pacific
heavily upon her she conceived the non-
ployment of mature workers.
Northwest Ski Association. Through this as-
profit employment agency for older workers.
One outstanding example is the retire-
sociation Hill was acclaimed Ski Patrolman
From a humble beginning in a small trailer
of the Year for the 1960-61 season.
ment jobs program which has helped to
in February of 1970, to offices in the Im-
"I also have been a member of the Ava-
place older persons in gainful and satis-
manuel Methodist Church, to more adequate
lanche Patrol Special Unit, where we trained
fying employment. Under the skillful di-
quarters at 3314 Americana Terrace, she now
in outdoor survival. This unit developed into
rection of Mrs. Agatha Pallister, this
is able to render service to nearly 700 regis-
the Mountain Rescue Unit," he recalled.
trants.
program now renders valuable sup-
Not only has Hill been active, though re-
A representative also is stationed at 706
portive services for nearly 700 regis-
tired, Mrs. Hill, a licensed practical nurse
East First, Meridian, to serve the Treasure
trants.
from 1950-1967 at St. Luke's Hospital, also
Valley area. Retirement Jobs is an entity of
portrayed the willing older worker by being
For many older persons these jobs have
Model Cities and the Idaho Office on Aging.
subject for four years to call after her re-
provided more than just a means of
Proving the case for the older worker is
tirement "until back trouble caused me to
earning income. In numerous cases, the
George Gilbert, who, after 48 years of follow-
quit."
employment has provided a most reward-
ing the culinary arts, adheres to the philos-
Leaving the hubbub of San Francisco after
ing and fulfilling experience.
ophy of "once a chef, always a chef." He
30 years as a secretarial worker, Miss Avice
just "couldn't resign" himself to doing
Additionally, April was proclaimed as
Annett, 1713 Resseguie, returned to Boise in
nothing.
1969.
a special emphasis month to encourage
Gilbert, Overland Road, Route 2, Meridian,
"I have to keep going at something," she
the employment of individuals 45 and
rebelled at being cooped up during the bad
said. "I'm too lively to sit around. I'm happy
older. Recently a joint statement to carry
weather this winter when "I couldn't get out
to work at something to supplement my re-
out this policy was issued by Wil Over-
and work on my place."
tirement income."
gaard, deputy director of the Idaho Of-
Though pushing 71 years, Gilbert went to
She is a resident representative on a part-
Retirement Jobs of Idaho, Inc. to inquire
fice on Aging, and George N. Stoops, ex-
time basis with the staff of the Citizen Par-
of employment possibilities.
ecutive director of the Governor's Com-
ticipation Department of Model Cities. Her
Sir Richard's, a new business, had just
task is to contact fellow residents in the
mittee on Employment of the Handi-
opened at Nampa.
Model Neighborhood to determine the needs
capped and Older Worker.
"I've been there for nearly three months
of the citizens and to learn what programs
These efforts, it seems to me, provide
now, working from nine to 11 hours a day and
they desire.
May 4, 1972
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
S 7267
fare-and a total revision of title IV-
The editorial also endorsed the amend-
make their intentions on this point explicit
grants to States for aid to families with
ment which I intend to offer to that
in the floor debate. The next question is who
needy children. The welfare reform pro-
legislation. Since the debate on my
shall be the judge. The present bill suggests
visions as passed by the House are a
amendment has been postponed until
a three-seat panel, with one seat filled by the
person bringing the complaint, one by the
modification of President Nixon's fam-
next week, I hope that all Senators will
Department, and one by agreement or fail-
ily assistance program, first proposed in
take the opportunity to review the favor-
ing agreement by the Court of Appeals here.
August of 1969.
able comments of the editorial before
In this instance, Senator Bayh's amendment
At the time the FAP program was ini-
debate begins. I ask unanimous consent
seems preferable. He proposes filling all three
tially unveiled, I welcomed its concepts,
that the editorial be printed in the
seats with proféssional arbitrators.
for I recognize the failure of our cur-
RECORD.
The malaise in the Department goes a
rent welfare system. However, the family
There being no objection, the editorial
great deal deeper than the personnel rules.
The Department is, in fact, going through
assistance program as passed by the
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
one of its periodic bad times, and bad times
House is unacceptable; it fails to protect
as follows:
for the Department are bad times for the
the rights and benefits of present welfare
A GRIEVANCE LAW FOR DIPLOMATS
men and women who have committed their
recipients and of future participants in
The Foreign Service continues to be Wash-
careers to it. Many of their traditional re-
FAP. The Committee on Finance has
ington's most troubled bureaucracy, and its
sponsibilities have been carried off to Dr.
approved an even more regressive and
troubles are now being brought, once again,
Kissinger's office at the White House, or to
degrading workfare system. Under this
to the floor of the Senate. The immediate
the Treasury. The Vietnam war has churned
issue is legislation to establish a new and
up all of the basic questions of foreign
system any welfare recipient who does
policy, and the organizations that deal with
not have children under the age of 6 ac-
independent grievance procedure for For-
tually living in the home, would be re-
eign Service officers and the other employees
it. But the Department and its sister agen-
of the foreign relations agencies. The De-
cies have an unusual proportion of first rate
quired to accept domestic or public serv-
partment of State strongly opposes this legis-
people, highly trained and highly specialized.
ice employment at the unbelievably low
lation, arguing, with considerable justice,
They are not dispensable to this country's
rate of $1.20 per hour.
that it has already corrected the worst abuses
central purposes. At a time when policy dis-
The Senate is deeply divided on the
of the recent past. Unfortunately, the temper
putes are profound and vehement, grievance
welfare issue, and a lengthy public de-
within the Foreign Service has become suf-
legislation can reassure these valuable people
ficiently distrustful and bitter that admin-
that their own superiors will deal with them
bate is certain to ensue. However, our eld-
istrative reorganization by the State De-
equitably in their personal careers.
erly cannot endure a further delay in
the enactment of H.R. 1. And welfare
partment alone cannot cure it. What the
Department has given, some of its employees
families, present and future, cannot and
fear, the Department can take away. These
THE CANADIAN OIL PIPELINE
should not endure the diminution of their
employees are entitled to legislation guaran-
Mr. BELLMON. Mr. President, the
rights and benefits that could result from
teeing that the Department will apply its
Washington Evening Star of May 3 re-
either the House-passed welfare reform
rules fairly, and will provide a right of ap-
or the workfare plan adopted by the Fi-
peal to an impartial referee. Both the Amer-
ported that a dozen Republican Senators
ican Foreign Service Association and the
from the Midwest and East have chal-
nance Committee.
American Federation of Government Em-
lenged the proposed Alaskan oil pipeline
Therefore I suggest that the Senate
ployees, the two chief organizations repre-
and are calling for the construction of
abandon the welfare reform provisions
senting these employees, support the legis-
a trans-Canadian pipeline in the interest
of H.R. 1, and proceed promptly with the
lation now before the Senate. It is high time
of lower costs, the environment, and na-
other essential provisions of this meas-
for Congress to enact it.
tional security.
ure.
Grievances mainly involve, as one might
I am pleased to note that these Sena-
It is with some reluctance that I sug-
expect, promotions and firings. These mat-
ters can be handled fairly smoothly in a
tors, who have in the past taken a non-
gest an abandonment of welfare reform
this session. But I would prefer no change
corps of stable size and rank. But the State
commital and often negative attitude
Department has been cut back about 20
toward the Nation's energy crisis, despite
in the present system to changes which
per cent over the past five years, resulting in
the fact that they came from heavily
are reforms in name only.
many firings of officers well into middle age,
populated areas, are now taking an active
Our Nation's elderly, some 4.7 million
too old to change careers easily but to young
interest in this matter.
of whom now live in poverty, deserve our
for pensions. Mr. Macomber, the deputy
secretary of state for management, has put
Unfortunately, their proposal is
closest attention during Senior Citizens
Month and during every month of the
a stop to the wholesale purges of people in
plagued with the same kind of ill-con-
year. Their needs compel not only a re-
mid-career. But the White House apparently
ceived logic that they apply to opposi-
vision of our laws, but a rethinking of
believes that too many officers are clustered
tion to offshore drilling, deep water port
in the upper ranks of the Foreign Service,
facilities, and realistic energy pricing
our society's attitudes as well.
suggesting that there will be few promo-
Our youth-oriented culture has too long
policies.
tions in coming years. The cuts in both
ignored the plight of its 20 million eld-
The fact remains that a trans-Ca-
positions and promotions has exacerbated
erly citizens. We must measure up, fully
all the familiar questions of fair play. The
nadian pipeline would be three times as
and promptly, to the needs and expecta-
Foreign Service, like most other American
long, twice as costly and by the simple
tions of those who have served us far
institutions, is divided over questions of the
distances involved, more environmentally
better than we have served them.
proper limits to dissent. And those ques-
damaging than the Alaskan pipeline.
tions have a special edge in an organization
Further, the Canadian line would un-
whose business involves political analysis.
doubtedly be under the control of the
WASHINGTON POST FAVORS THE
What one man considers creativity may seem
Canadian Government and would most
GRIEVANCE PROCEDURES
insubordination to another, and personnel
disputes often revolve around precisely that
likely operate as a common carrier for
Mr. BAYH. Mr. President, I invite at-
distinction.
Canadian crude. This would effectively
tention to an excellent editorial pub-
The Department, under Mr. Macomber,
imperil U.S. operational control and sub-
lished in yesterday's Washington Post
has made a series of important improvements
ject the line to United States-Canadian
which offered a carefully considered
in the personnel system recently. A grievance
diplomatic fluctuations.
analysis of the present debate surround-
panel has been set up under a professional
In the face of a mounting domestic
arbitrator. Mr. Simkin, former head of the
ing the Foreign Service's personnel sys-
petroleum shortage, sharply rising costs
Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service.
tem and grievance procedures.
Employees are now given access to their
of imported oil, and ever-increasing de-
As the editorial puts it:
personnel files. The old up-or-out firing sys-
pendency on foreign reserves, *the need
Unfortunately, the temper within the
tem, which works well in the military serv-
to encourage expanded domestic explora-
Foreign Service has become sufficiently dis-
ices but badly in diplomacy, has been sus-
tion and production is imperative. We
trustful and bitter that administrative re-
pended. The Department says that it is
must get on with the task of constructing
organization by the State Department alone
prepared, in principle, to support grievance
the Alaskan oil pipeline so that this criti-
cannot cure it.
Both the American For-
legislation.
cally needed source of energy may be-
eign Service Association and the American
But it argues that the bill before the
come available to U.S. consumers.
Federation of Government Employees, the
Senate is much too broad. The bill's support-
two chief organizations representing these
ers, in contrast, say that it is limited to
In addition, Congress, it is hoped
employees, support the legislation now be-
issues of due process, and would only require
with the active support of these same 12
fore the Senate. It is high time for Congress
the Department to follow its own rules. The
consumer-State Senators, should pro-
to enact it.
senators sponsoring the bill can perhaps
vide needed incentives to the energy in-
S 3242
CONGRESSIONAL SENATE Aging March
Elberly-
3, 1972
thing, more money is needed for more
continuing testing are likely to under-
the committee in this "state of the aging"
shots like these, and for other vital U.S.
mine our security, as other nations learn
message. In a few moments, I will give
space projects like the space shuttle,
of these discoveries. The possibility of a
my position on several of the key recom-
which would not only increase our capa-
truly cheap bomb is a most significant
mendations related to income, health
bility in space but which would be of
possibility of this kind. The richest na-
care, long-term care, and housing.
invaluable benefit to millions of Ameri-
tion in the world-armed already with
But I would like to deal first with what
cans here at home. The contributions
thousands of weapons-does not need it.
I, as chairman of the Subcommittee on
of the space program to the fields of com-
But poorer countries, unable to invent
Retirement and the Individual, have de-
munications, medicine, weather fore-
such a weapon themselves, might well
scribed as a "retirement revolution."
casting, and even day-to-day living are
learn it from us. They might then aim
That revolution is already well under-
monumental. The opportunities for fur-
the weapons at us.
way. It is already altering the living pat-
ther such contributions are practically
Also the test ban can complement the
terns of a nation.
unending-if only we have the will to
SALT talks. As is known, the SALT talks
That revolution, however, is only be-
persevere. Pioneer 10 is a tremendous
are concentrating on numerical limits—
ginning to demonstrate Just how far-
step in the right direction; let us hope
limits on numbers of launchers. Each side
reaching it will be.
it is the first of many.
is evidently going to be free to make
What is happening-or beginning to
"qualitative" improvements in each
happen-can be described in a very few
launcher. But these improvements, in-
words.
EXTENSION OF NUCLEAR TEST BAN
cluding MIRVed warheads, can be of
Retirement is now affecting more peo-
TREATY TO INCLUDE UNDER-
dramatic significance The total test ban
ple for more years in their lifetime than
GROUND TESTING
would inhibit the development of ever
ever before. And if present trends con-
Mr. MATHIAS. Mr. President, Senate
smaller-and more numerous-warheads
tinue, more than a third of our lifetimes
Resolution 273, which the Senator from
by prohibiting tests of them. This is a
will be spent in what is now called retire-
Michigan (Mr. HART) and I have sub-
concrete way in which the test ban can
ment.
mitted, calls upon the President to pro-
slow the arms race and help close a loop-
And yet, despite this clear trend, most
pose an extension of the Nuclear Test
hole in anticipated SALT agreements.
persons today are unprepared for re-
Ban Treaty of 1963 to include under-
There are other compelling arguments.
tirement when it overtakes them. Some
ground testing. This proposal merits the
The test ban will encourage the effort
are overwhelmed by a condition which
close examination of the Senate, for it
to prevent proliferation. It will prevent
has been described as "retirement shock."
could provide the President with the
the expense and pollution associated
Physicians have told my subcommittee
support he needs for a bold new approach
with underground nuclear tests. And it
that the sudden transition from full-
for his meeting with Soviet leaders at
will serve as another step toward wider
time work to full-time leisure actually
the end of May.
agreements-just as did the partial test
can result in deteriorating health. A
The United States is committed to seek
ban treaty.
combination of sharply reduced income,
a comprehensive, total, and complete ban
If the executive branch reopens the
a loss of role in life usually defined in
on nuclear tests. In October 1963, the
question of the test ban, I believe that
terms of the job held by the person, and
United States ratified the partial test
it will conclude that the case is strong
adjustments that so often must be made
ban treaty which indicated we are "seek-
for reaching comprehensive agreement.
in living arrangements can take a dev-
ing to achieve the discontinuance of all
I believe it will decide that onsite inspec-
astating toll.
test explosions of nuclear weapons for
tion is of only marginal significance to-
If retirement begins earlier, the shock
all time, determined to continue negotia-
day and that verification has ceased to
may be even greater.
tions to this end."
be the important obstacle to agreement.
If retirement extends into the seven-
This commitment, reaffirmed on July
But our resolution does not require that
ties, eighties, and nineties of a person's
1, 1968, in the Nonproliferation Treaty,
this latter conclusion be reached. We call
life-as is increasingly the case-even
has not been fulfilled. Neither the United
only for reopening the question. We em-
adjustments will be necessary as the
States nor the Soviet Union has nego-
phasize today the commitments that
"young elderly" become the "old elderly."
tiated determinedly to extend the partial
exist-and the technical background that
Looking ahead, we always talk of the
test ban treaty to a comprehensive test
has changed. These alone justify a new
year 2000 as a faraway milestone sepa-
ban treaty. Indeed, the negotiating posi-
look, after 9 years, at this entire ques-
rated from the present by a comfortable
tions of the two sides have remained es-
tion. The meaning of our proposal is this:
time buffer. But it's only 28 years away,
sentially what they were in 1963 when a
The administration and Congress have
or only two White House Conferences on
gap between three onsite inspections of-
an obligation, afters years of unchang-
Aging away. It's as near in the future
fered, and seven requested, deadlocked
ing negotiating posit to reconsider the
as the start of World War II is recent in
the talks.
total test ban and new proposals.
the past.
During the 9 years which have passed
What is going to happen to the dimen-
since that deadlock, there have been am-
STATE OF THE AGING: THE
sions of retirement as an institution in
ple technical reasons for the updating of
RETIREMENT REVOLUTION
those 28 years?
our negotiating position. Seismological
As a recent Committee on Aging report
capabilities have increased substantially.
Mr. MONDALE. Mr. President, the
pointed out:
Underground testing above 10 or 20 kilo-
White House Conference on Aging took
tons can be made extremely risky for the
place eight weeks ago, and we on the
Approximately 42 million Americans are
now between their 45th and 65th birthdays.
tester by the use of seismic monitoring
Senate Special Committee on Aging
Since each year 1.4 million persons have their
alone. Meanwhile, reconnaissance ca-
have good reason to thank the delegates.
65th birthday, between 45 and 50 million
pabilities have also improved enormously.
They have produced a challenging body
middle-aged persons of today will reach that
These capabilities make it possible for
of recommendations on matters of im-
age by 2000. Compare that figure with today's
mediate and long-range concern to older
65+ total of 20 million.
the United States to identify otherwise
suspicious events. Many experts believe
Americans of today and those who will
In many ways, new retirees will differ
that these methods, together with other
be the older Americans of the future.
markedly from the majority of today's retire-
And so it is not only appropriate but
ment group. They will have more education.
intelligence methods, can provide a firm
almost mandatory that the Senate Com-
They will be more accustomed to higher rates
basis for the negotiation of a suitable
treaty using national inspection alone.
mittee on Aging should give comment on
of pay and will want greater income security
in retirement. And they will probably be more
But, in any case, no experts will deny
the conference recommendations.
able-bodied at the time of retirement and
that these technical advances deserve an
After all, the committee called for
will be less likely to settle for what is so aptly
updating of our negotiating position.
such a conference.
described as "enforced idleness."
And, as noted, our treaty commitments
After all, many of the recommenda-
A third of today's elderly are under 70 and
demand such revision.
tions are similar or identical to those
the median age is under 70. Only 1.3 million-
sought by the committee in recent re-
one out of every fifteen-are 85 or older. By
The test ban is not just unfinished
2000 more persons will be at the end of the
business. It is an important part of our
ports.
age spectrum. Nearly 2 out of 3-a number
national security requirements. Any dra-
Therefore, it is a duty as well as a
equivalent to the entire 20 million 65 gen-
matic new improvements arising from
pleasure to join with other members of
eration of 1971-will be over age 75.
March 3, 1972
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
3241
put big business in bad repute about one
don't deny us an hour before the leadership
portant to know if, and under what con-
century ago. The excesses of big business,
of the American labor movement to state
ditions, a spacecraft could be crippled or
and the disregard for the average man,
our case. We are fighting for the right and
destroyed while passing through the as-
we deserve to be heard.
brought about tough antitrust legisla-
"According to my estimates," Trbovich
teroid belt, either by radiation or by de-
tion.
said in his letter to Meany, "we had about
bris.
Today it is big labor that is guilty of
$65 million to $75 million in our treasury
The spacecraft will be the first man
the excesses.
when our nationwide strike started last Oc-
made object to escape the solar system
Our labor laws allow the union lead-
tober 1. Though we were out for more than
by eventually passing beyond the orbit
ers to become dictators. Many union
six weeks not one nickel of this money was
of Pluto. This will be accomplished by
leaders have no respect for democratic
paid to us in strike benefits."
having the spacecraft use the orbital ve-
Meaney has ignored Trbovich's letter, as
processes.
locity and powerful gravity of Jupiter to
he has ignored previous appeals from the
It is time that we rein in these labor
mine workers for his help in giving attention
propel it further out into the solar sys-
leaders and supply the same antitrust
and recognition to their cause. They are up
tem.
controls to them that we apply to our
against the bosses and the bosses seem to
This will be the first NASA spacecraft
business community.
have stepped right out of an old book of
to draw its electrical power entirely from
Mr. President, a column written by
Fitzpatrick cartoons-men with large
nuclear generators, in this case four ra-
Tom Braden this week pointed up how
paunches and dollar signs on their vests.
dioisotope thermo-electric generators de-
little regard certain union leaders have
But the captions have been switched. The
veloped by the Atomic Energy Commis-
for their members. I ask unanimous con-
men are not labeled "capitalists." They are
sion.
labeled "labor leaders."
sent that the column be printed in the
"I don't talk to the janitor," Meany once
Pioneer 10 will travel at a greater speed
RECORD.
said. He was referring to the Secretary of
than any other previous spacecraft. The
There being no objection, the article
Labor, but somehow the choice of epithet is
journey to the Moon, heretofore meas-
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
revealing. A Judge Gary or a Tom Girdler
ured in days, will take only 11 hours and
as follows:
might have said the same.
the entire one-half million mile journey
UNION LEADERS IGNORE WORKERS
to Jupiter will take only 639 days, ar-
There were a few titters in Miami when it
PIONEER 10 SPACE SHOT
riving in December 1973.
was revealed that George Meany had raised
The selection of Jupiter as the next
his own salary to $90,000 per year just after
Mr. GURNEY. Mr. President, last
focal point in the exploration of outer
the wage-price freeze went into effect. But
night the U.S. space program took an-
space is very logical, both from the
nobody in the labor movement made an issue
other giant step forward-another step
standpoint of finding out what confronts
of it. And nobody will make an issue of the
toward the world of the future, outer
future space exploration and from the
fact that Meany's son-in-law, who is law
space. The near perfect launching of
standpoint of what out there might be of
partner to the AFL-CIO general counsel, has
just gone on the board of the United Mine
Pioneer 10 marks another first in space
use to those of us back here. Recent re-
Workers-controlled Washington National
exploration, the first attempt to venture
search has suggested that Jupiter, which
Bank.
beyond Mars and to penetrate the aster-
is 75 percent hydrogen and thus may not
Somebody ought to. Because this is the
oid belts between the orbits of Mars and
have a solid surface, produces the same
bank that robbed the miners who own it-
Jupiter. The ultimate goal of this mis-
chemical reactions which are believed to
robbed them, according to a district court
sion, the initial exploration of the planet
have preceded the appearance of life on
judge, of $11.5 million that ought to have
Jupiter, will begin to answer some of
Earth. The fact that conditions on Ju-
been paid to old pensioners.
the centuries old questions about the
piter "could allow the planet to produce
At times, the judge found, United Mine
Workers president, Tony Boyle, kept on de-
largest planet in our universe. More im-
living organisms despite the fact that it
posit in Washington National as much as
portant, it will also contribute to the
receives only one-twenty-seventh of
$140 million in union funds. The money
development of American scientific and
the solar energy received by Earth" is
was in three accounts, a general account
technological know-how.
reason enough for further investigation.
which at one time reached $90 million, an
If America is to continue to remain
However, there are other reasons that
administrative account which reached $40
one of the great nations on earth-in-
fully justify Pioneer 10 and the similar
million and a pension account which reached
$10 million. In order to pay the pensions—
deed, if it is going to remain a free na-
mission that is to follow in early April
tion-it must not let its technology,
1973.
which was what the accounts were for-$5
million to $8 million in ready cash would
scientific and military, lag. This is the
These are the so-called spinoffs that
have sufficed. Yet all this money was kept
real significance of Pioneer; not only
have proved SO invaluable, in so many
in checking accounts. No interest was ever
are we taking another necessary step for-
ways, to earthbound technology. In the
paid.
ward in exploring outer space but we are
case of Pioneer 10, the possible spinoffs
A lot of things are coming to a head in the
also opening the way for additional
include such things as: First, an in-
affairs of the United Mine Workers. Presi-
dent Boyle has been indicted for embezzling
scientific spinoffs of great value to those
creased knowledge of collisionless plas-
funds, funds contributed to the 1968 cam-
of us here on Earth.
mas of the solar wind, something that
paign of Hubert Humphrey who once said he
Pioneer, while having a new design,
bears directly on what might be the ulti-
was "proud to rub shoulders with this truly
is another in a series of probes intended
mate clean system for electric power pro-
great leader of labor." Boyle will go to trial
to explore outer space. The last four
duction-controlled hydrogen fusion;
this month.
Pioneer satellites are still in orbit, Pio-
second, a better understanding of the
Another trial to upset Boyle's election on
neer 6 having been aloft for 7 years. But,
Earth's weather cycles and atmospheric
the ground that it was fixed is now taking
circulation; and third, a possible indica-
place in Washington after a finding by the
still, this 2 month mission represents a
new departure. The 570-pound space-
tion of the resources of Jupiter that
Secretary of Labor that probable cause exists
for his removal from office.
craft which was launched by the Atlas-
might eventually be made available for
And in Pennsylvania, Silous Huddleston, a
Centaur rocket last night, at the highest
use on Earth-such as petrochemicals.
United Mine Workers' local president, will
velocity yet reached by a manmade
Any one of these advances would more
go on trial sometime this spring accused of
than justify the cost of the effort in-
space vehicle, will provide, through a
paying for the murder of Boyle's one-time
volved; the possibility of all three is
opponent, Joseph Yablonski. The prosecu-
series of 13 experiments, new knowledge
indication anew of why America cannot
tor, Richard Sprague, thinks it will not end
about Jupiter and many aspects of the
solar system and will have, as a prime
afford to lose her scientific curiosity, her
there. "In my opinion," he once said, "he
objective, studying the feasibility of an-
impulse for discovery, and her interest
(Boyle) is not out of it."
in the future.
Yet Meany permits his son-in-law to go on
other spacecraft exploring and possibly
the board of Boyle's bank and refuses to hear
orbiting Jupiter.
So while we can be thankful that,
the case of those who want to make their
after all the weather delays, things went
union democratic.
Pioneer 10 will, for the first time, test
SO well on this launch, and while con-
out the hazards of the cosmic debris and
"Mr. Meany, Mr. President of the labor
gratulations are certainly in order to
movement," wrote Mike Trbovich, chairman
the intense radiation in the asteriod belt.
NASA for another in a long string of
of the group which met in the church after
The radiation in this belt is 1 million
successful spaceshots, we must look to
Yablonski's funeral and organized "miners
times more intense than that found in
the future and realize that, with the
for democracy," "from the grimy pits we ap-
the Earth's Van Allen radiation belts.
potentials involved, we cannot afford to
peal to you for equity in life. We are fight-
Since one of our major objectives is the
slacken our efforts and let the Russians
ing for an honest, democratic union
further exploration of Jupiter, it is im-
move ahead in this vital area. If any-
March 3, 1972
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
3243
And there will be more women and more
Federal Government could be a model.
Myopic as it may seem, the planners
single persons. Today's ratio of elderly women
And here again, S. 1393 can be particu-
do not consult those they are planning
to men is 139 to 100. By 2000 it will be 150 to
larly helpful. It would, for example, es-
for.
100.
tablish a comprehensive program of pre-
As for life expectancy, this is certainly the
But models already exist for greater
least predictable factor of the future older
retirement counseling and assistance for
participation by the elderly. The Boston
American. The Subcommittee has been told
all Federal employees who are eligible for
Council of Elders, for example, has pro-
that dramatic gains are possible, and there is
or approaching retirement. As a model
vided the elderly a voice in public pro-
room for debate here. But, it does seem cer-
employer, the Federal Government is
grams that serve them. The council has
tain that more people will be in better health
ideally situated to provide the necessary
been incorporated; it now is the con-
during the retirement years than is now the
impetus for other employers to institute
tracting agency for several useful gov-
case.
such helpful practices for their employ-
ernmentally supported projects.
Overwhelming as the statistics of
ees. And with such a national approach,
In some model city neighborhoods,
future retirement may be, sheer num-
older Americans can be much better pre-
consultation with the elderly and par-
bers define only part of the challenge.
pared for the crucial adjustments in re-
ticipation by the elderly is much more
We should be at least as concerned
tirement.
advanced than in typical Federal pro-
about the well-being-the quality of
Educational opportunities: Once in re-
grams. The Committee on Aging has
life-of future retirees as we are about
tirement, a man or woman should be a
received fragmentary reports on other
projected increases in their numbers.
likely candidate for renewed, organized
impressive experiments in self-advocacy
The White House conferees were con-
education.
and self-direction by the elderly. I be-
cerned, and many of their recommenda-
But the White House conferees made
lieve the committee should gather more
tions have meaning for the future as well
it clear that most of the educational re-
information on this subject. As Senator
as the present.
sources of the United States are inappro-
CHURCH has suggested, incentives should
CONFERENCE RECOMMENDATIONS
priate, inhospitable, or downright un-
be provided for the development of com-
First and foremost, the conferees, said
interesting to most older Americans. Two
munity or regional councils of elderly
that life in old age must be more than
conference recommendations are worthy
citizens for a direct voice in govern-
merely bearable.
of special consideration:
mental and perhaps cooperative public-
Their calls for more adequate retire-
For older persons to participate in educa-
private efforts.
ment income and for better housing and
tional programs, agencies, organizations, and
Multiple jeopardy of minorities: At
health care reflect that conviction.
government must provide incentives. These
first, it appeared that the White House
But even these essential improve-
incentives should be aimed at eliminating
Conference on Aging was going to ignore
specific barriers to the availability and ac-
ments are not enough.
or minimize the harsh problems en-
cessibility of educational services for older
There must be satisfaction as well
persons including transportation, free at-
countered by elderly persons who hap-
as security in retirement years, and
tendance, subsistence auditing privileges, re-
pen to be members of minority groups.
there must be alternatives to present
laxed admission requirements, flexible hours,
But, as protests intensified, conference
patterns of work and retirement.
conventent locations and subsidies to spon-
chairman Arthur Flemming announced
In this brief summary I can discuss
sors and removal of legal barriers.
that "special concerns" sessions would
only a few of the conference recommen-
Emphasis should be given at every level
be held on problems encountered by
dations that, in my judgment, will help
of education to implement and expand the
aging and aged blacks, Indians, Mexi-
expressed educational objective of "worthy
develop greater retirement satisfaction
can-Americans, and Asian-Americans.
use of leisure". Education must be directed
and more flexibility in work patterns.
toward an acceptance of the dignity and
Those sessions centered, understand-
The following-and others-are receiving
worth of non-work pursuits as well as toward
ably, on critical issues related to low-
careful subcommittee attention:
development of leisure skills and apprecia-
income, limited access to health facili-
tions.
Arbitrary retirement age: As the sec-
ties and housing, inequities in social
tion on employment and retirement put
The conferees have made a number of
security coverage, and appalling defi-
it:
specific recommendations for changes in
ciencies in research activity and knowl-
Our society presently equates employ-
existing programs and several innovative
edge about minority elders.
ability with chronological age rather than
approaches. Each is receiving subcom-
But participants at each minority spe-
with ability to perform the job.
mittee scrutiny.
cial concern session also voiced a com-
In addition, the Senator from Idaho
mon complaint which is at the root of
The section participants called for a
flexible policy based upon workers' de-
(Mr. CHURCH), chairman of the full Sen-
many of their other difficulties. They felt
sires and capabilities, job opportuni-
ate Committee on Aging, and I, as sub-
that Government programs too often are
ties for people 65 and up; and-on the
committee chairman, have agreed that a
unresponsive or even unaware of the spe-
other hand, opportunities for gradual
committee study on educational oppor-
cial problems which exist when a person
or trial retirement before age 65.
tunity for the elderly should soon be
is old and out of the majority main-
In my view, a great deal of thought
released.
stream. Mexican Americans, for ex-
ample, are acutely aware of the language
and hard questioning must be directed
"Advocates of our own cause": One of
barrier that so often comes between them
at many of our attitudes and practices
the most challenging statements at the
and services or benefits-including so-
related to age 65 as a sole criterion for
Conference was made by the section on
cial security and medicare.
retirement. Business, labor, and retirees
retirement roles and activities.
Blacks made a strong statement asking
of today should work out new arrange-
Participants declared:
for more adequate representation at all
ments. As I have said before, the im-
Twenty million older people with talents,
levels and throughout policy-level bodies
mense Federal Establishment should be-
skills, experience, and time are an inex-
and program groups. Asian Americans
come a model employer in terms of de-
haustible resource in our society. We rep-
resent all segments of the population; our
challenged the "myth" that their elderly
vising new work-life patterns. But prog-
abilities, our education, our occupational
are taken care of by families and there-
ress is still slow. However, my Federal
Employees Preretirement Assistance Act,
skills, and our cultural backgrounds are as
fore do not need or want participation
diverse as America itself.
in well-designed Government programs.
S. 1393, would be a major step forward
Given proper resources, opportunities, and
Indians described the "unique relation-
in overcoming this inertia at the Federal
motivation, older persons can make a valu-
ships between our people and the Fed-
level. Briefly, this measure would pro-
able contribution. We are also capable of
vide the operating framework for new
eral Government" and asked for adjust-
being effective advocates of our own cause
work-lifetime patterns, such as phased
and should be included in planning, in
ments in administration of programs for
retirement, trial retirement, sabbaticals
decisionmaking, and in the implementation
the elderly.
and new types of part-time employment
of programs."
To the older person in a minority
for older persons. Once again, I urge
Mr. President, I am convinced that
group, the "retirement revolution" may
early and favorable action on this legisla-
this statement was made largely because
be a bitter joke. Many do not live long
tion.
the conferees felt that the elderly are
enough to become eligible for medicare
Preretirement education: Many con-
often talked about, but not consulted
or social security. Many feel excluded
ference recommendations dealt with the
often enough when Government and
from programs which appear to have
need for more widespread and accessible
private agencies try to work on their
been designed by the middle class for the
preretirement training. Here again, the
behalf.
middle class.
S 3244
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
March 3, 1972
There can be no real satisfaction in the
Here, it seems to me, is a sensible way
understood. In some respects our thinking is
later years of life for all until the needs
of providing limited Government help
not ahead of that of Thomas Hobbes, who in
of minority groups are really understood
that would have multiplier effect. The
the 17th Century regarded the heart as a
and met. The Senate Committee on
idea is for Government to provide appro-
spring and the failing heart as a worn-out
Aging has already done some work with
spring. Much research remains to be done
priatê incentives or help, but not to dic-
to discover what happens to the aged heart
minority groups; it should do far more.
tate or dominate.
muscle fiber which causes it to fail in-
Rural older people: A particularly
Another channel of potential activity
dependent of the disease.
forceful statement was issued by another
was described at the special concerns ses-
sion on the elderly poor:
Such research would be greatly
"special concerns" session, one dealing
stimulated by enactment of the National
with the rural elderly. Sheer distances
Voluntary agencies and church groups in
between people, their report said, com-
particular are called upon to serve as enablers
Heart, Lung and Blood Act of 1972, which
plicate all other problems: transporta-
for the elderly, to encourage and assist them
I introduced on January 20.
tion, delivery of services, and loneliness.
in developing new roles in self-help, social
Another distinguished member of the
In addition, a large proportion of persons
action, and political action.
Gerontological Society reported to the
in rural America are old:
Whenever possible that "self-enabling"
committee that all evidence indicates
function should become part of Govern-
that only 2 few mililon dollars per year
Nationally, one out of every ten of our
citizens is old; in rural counties that ratio
ment activity, such as a model cities pro-
is spent throughout the Nation on social
is often one in five. As the younger people
gram. Here, again, there lies an oppor-
behavioral research on aging. He calls
are forced to leave to find jobs, they gave
tunity for direct cooperation between
for an increase in research support to five
a shrinking tax base and a growing scarcity
public and private resources.
times the current level, about $45 mil-
of services. Rising property and sales taxes
lion.
in rural areas are becoming increasingly op-
Such alliances have already been ex-
pressive to older rural people. Retirement
amined in a few Committee on Aging
How can sound public policy be de-
income is lower in rural areas, too. Few
hearings dealing with sources of com-
veloped on a foundation of inadequate
workers in rural areas are covered by private
munity support for programs serving old-
information? We must have working
pension plans. Income in their later years
er Americans. Testimony has been posi-
arrangements by which research findings
must come from Social Security, from sav-
tive and encouraging in some cases, but
can be translated as they become avail-
ings, from continued employment or from
too often the committee has been told of
able into developing social programs. But
welfare.
Federal policies or attitudes which balk
we simply are not yet geared to that con-
Participants in the rural special con-
real cooperation. Nonprofit sponsors of
cept in this Nation, and this is partic-
cerns session were particularly con-
housing for the elderly, for example, were
ularly true in aging.
cerned about "a critical shortage of paid
dismayed at the delays and rising costs
A good start toward correcting this
jobs for those who wish to work." Rural
caused by the transition from the section
situation could be made by enacting
areas have one-third of the poverty in
202 direct loan housing program to the
S. 887, a bill which would establish a Na-
this Nation, yet they get only 16 percent
section 236 interest subsidy program. Pri-
tional Institute of Gerontology to con-
of the Federal manpower funds. As the
vate agencies, often working with church
duct and support biomedical, social, and
conferees said:
organizations, have launched successful
behavioral research and training related
National programs designed to provide
pilot programs to help provide much
to aging. My Subcommittee on Retire-
part-time community service work for older
needed services, such as meals on wheels
ment and the Individual, I know, would
rural people, such as Green Thumb and
or home health care. But the project too
have a large number of questions to put
Green Light (funded under Operation Main-
often is dismantled just when the need
to such an institute.
stream) have found the opportunity to serve
has been proven.
Planning for the future: On other occa-
and also earn is eagerly welcomed by rural
It seems to me that the committee
sions I have talked about the, need for
older folk.
should continue its investigations into
establishment of a Council of Social Ad-
Fortunately, the means to upgrade
sources of community support, and that
visers to help develop a system of social
those two programs and others-such as
it should identify the most common de-
indicators and other guides to help us
foster grandparents, and senior aides—
terrents to genuine participation by pri-
arrive at more rational public policy on
is at hand. S. 555, the national older
vate organizations. Many national orga-
programs to serve the people of this
American community employment bill,
nizations participated in the White House
Nation.
would bring such pilot programs into a
conference and in the planning for the
The White House conferees took a
broader, ongoing effort. At first the ad-
conference. They have been encouraged
similar view. They warned that planning
ministration opposed that bill. Now
to maintain that interest, and I hope that
must not be confused with delay; it must
President Nixon has indicated that he
they do.
never be used as an excuse for inaction.
sees the light, and that more funds
Research deficiencies: As I indicated
They said:
should go to service programs for the
earlier, there is a great deal of guessing
Our Nation is constantly setting goals for
elderly. As a sponsor of S. 555, I hope
about future trends in life expectancy
itself in all areas of national concern. In the
that he gives a clear, unmistakable sig-
for older Americans. One reason for the
field of aging, as in other areas of concern,
nal of support for that particular bill.
uncertainty is that funding for research
the priorities which we as a Nation set are
Churches and private agencies: Gov-
on gerontology-the biological process,
most important. Indeed the very place that
ernment has an essential role to play in
as well as related social issues-is SO low.
we give to the needs of our elderly today and
helping to make retirement more satis-
Just before the White House Confer-
in the future will be determined by the ac-
tion we take now. Planning without action
fying. But government would be short-
ence, members of the Gerontological
would be a cruel hoax. Action without plan-
sighted indeed if it were to ignore the rich
Society prepared a report for the Com-
ning would be an expensive exercise in
resources that can be found in our
mittee on Aging. Their findings were
futility.
churches, national organizations, and
startling and significant.
private agencies.
For example, at the National Institute
Adequate planning on aging will never
White House conferees recognized this
of Child Health and Human Develop-
become a reality as long as the Admin-
fact often in their report. For example,
ment-now the major center for aging
istration on Aging remains in its present
the section on spiritual well-being said:
research-there has been no growth in
low place within the Department of
Health, Education, and Welfare. The
Government should cooperate with reli-
research programs since 1966. An
NICHHD gerontology branch in Balti-
Older Americans Act of 1965, which es-
gious organizations and concerned social and
educational agencies to provide research and
more has only 120 employees as com-
tablished AOA, expressed a noble hope
professional training in matters of spiritual
pared to the original projected staff of
that this agency could be a focal point
well-being to those who deliver services to
272.
for the Federal effort on aging. How on
the aging.
As for medical research in the care of
earth is that possible when the present
The section members recommended
the aging, the committee was told that
Commissioner of AOA must report first
that the Government provide financial
a number of urgent medical problems
to the Director of the Social and Re-
assistance for the training of clergy, pro-
that particularly affect the elderly are in
habilitation Service and then to an As-
fessional workers, and volunteers to de-
urgent need of indepth research. The
sistant Secretary and Under Secretary?
velop special understanding and com-
committee was told, for example:
Should the Secretary of Labor or the
petency in satisfying the spiritual needs
The cause of heart failure, the end point
Secretary of Transportation pay heed to
of the aging.
of so many aging hearts, is not completely
the tiny voice that comes down deep from
March 3, 1972
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE
3245
the recesses of the Department of Health,
provements, which I am hopeful can be
sential if we are to combat hunger and
Education, and Welfare?
added to H.R. 1. First, it provides a 15-
malnutrition among the aged. With
An advisory council to the Senate
percent increase, instead of only 5 per-
markedly reduced incomes, it is no won-
Committee on Aging has offered a plan
cent as in H.R. 1. And this raise would be
der today that millions of older Ameri-
calling for establishment of an office on
retroactive to January 1 of this year,
cans go to bed hungry every night. But
aging at the White House level and es-
rather than making the elderly wait until
enactment of the Nutrition Program for
tablishment of the position of assistant
June to receive an urgently needed in-
the Elderly Act can help provide nutri-
secretary on aging in appropriate agen-
crease in their social security benefits.
tious meals for nearly 600,000 elderly per-
cies. That plan should be the subject of
The chairman of the Senate Commit-
sons throughout the Nation. And in my
intensive legislative hearings early in
tee on Aging (Mr. CHURCH) has already
own State of Minnesota about 11,000
1972, in time for adequate discussion be-
provided compelling arguments for a
aged individuals would be benefited by
for the present authority for the Older
more substantial increase in social se-
this legislation.
Americans Act expires in June.
curity benefits. And I have only one fur-
This measure, along with other pro-
Youth and aging: Still another special
ther point to add what he has said. An-
posals I have outlined earlier, can help
concerns session at the White House Con-
other stop-gap proposal is just not going
make the later years a time for fulfill-
ference made the following statement:
to solve the mounting retirement income
ment and meaning. Once again, I urge
One of the major aims of the White House
gap which continues to deepen for the
prompt and favorable consideration of
Conference on Aging should be to harness
elderly. Poverty has already increased
these bills.
the activity and energy of youth and link it
by 100,000 for the aged during the past 2
to the solution of the problems confronting
years. And this fact alone underscores
the aging. Three areas of youth volunteer
TRAGEDY AT BUFFALO CREEK
the need for major increases in social se-
activity suggest themselves for immediate ac-
tion:
curity benefits this year.
HOLLOW, LOGAN COUNTY, W. VA.
1. Provide information to senior citizens
Additionally, S. 923 would make other
Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, just a
regarding existing social services and finan-
far-reaching improvements in medicare.
few days ago natural disaster struck
cial resources.
First, it would eliminate the $5.60 month-
Buffalo Creek Hollow in Logan County,
2. Render direct service to senior citizens.
ly premium payment for the aged under
W. Va. Some 14 communities dotted this
3. Act as advocates in behalf of the eld-
part B of medicare. This change alone
narrow valley, which was densely popu-
erly.
would be almost equivalent to a 5-percent
lated by sturdy Americans who have long
The participants in that session also
increase in social security benefits for
been the object of official neglect. The
described the need for what has been
the average recipient. And it would also
flood which swept through their com-
called "life cycle education" as a man-
provide welcome relief because this pay-
munities brought death and injury to
datory component of all educational in-
ment now costs an elderly couple about
many, and left thousands homeless. The
stitutions. In other words, information
$135 per year.
depth of this tragedy is dramatically
about aging should not be held off until a
Second, it would extend medicare cov-
seen in the misery and anguish etched
person is aged. He should be aware, from
erage to include out-of-hospital prescrip-
in the faces of those survivors who have
his earliest school days, that all of a life-
tion drugs. This protection was one of
crossed our television screens in recent
time is one unit; development continues
the major recommendations at the re-
days.
throughout a person's existence. It should
cent White House Conference on Aging.
I desire to express my deep personal
not stop after education ends or employ-
Several other noted authorities-in-
sympathy and concern for the victims in
ment becomes a fixed habit.
cluding the 1971 Social Security Advisory
Buffalo Creek Hollow-a sympathy
It happens that I am also chairman of
Council-have supported this coverage.
which I share with millions of our fellow
the Subcommittee on Children and Youth
And now is the time for the Congress to
citizens. It saddens me, however, that a
in the Senate Committee on Labor and
extend this overdue protection for the
body of evidence is developing which sug-
Public Welfare. I will explore the pos-
aged.
gests that the tragedy of this valley may
sibilities for early cooperative action be-
Prompt action is also needed on two
have been unnecessary if enough of those
tween the subcommittee there and the
employment proposals, which I have
in high places-particularly in the coal
Subcommittee on Retirement and the In-
sponsored with other members of the
industry of the area-had been more con-
dividual.
Committee on Aging, to increase employ-
cerned about the people who live in the
CONCLUSION
ment and service opportunities for older
valley and the potential for disaster.
Mr. President, I have dealt primarily
persons. I have already made reference to
Hopefully, the efforts now underway-
in this address with issues related direct-
one of these measures earlier, S. 555,
both governmental and private-will
ly to the work of the Subcommittee on
which would utilize the skill and expe-
bring speedy relief to the people of Buf-
Retirement.
rience of older Americans by establishing
falo Creek Hollow. And diligent and
I feel, however, that I should make
a national senior service corps. A num-
urgent efforts must be made, as well, to
some comment on bills which I have in-
ber of demonstration projects, such as
prevent new human disasters in West
troduced or cosponsored. I feel that early
Green Thumb and Senior Aides, have
Virginia and elsewhere in our land.
action on these measures can help to
shown beyond any doubt that these pro-
produce the kind of security and well-
grams work. Now, it is time to convert
these prototypes into permanent, on-
GENOCIDE AND OUR POSITION IN
being that will make all facets of retire-
going national programs.
THE WORLD
ment more satisfying.
Heading the list, in my judgment, is
Another key proposal is the Middle-
Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, it
my comprehensive proposal S. 923 for
Aged and Older Workers Employment
must be puzzling to our friends around
major improvements in social security
Act, which would for the first time estab-
the world that we were not the first to
and medicare. Several provisions in this
lish a comprehensive national manpower
ratify the United Nations Convention
measure have already been incorporated
policy for the mature worker. Today per-
outlawing genocide, especially as we were
in H.R. including:
sons 45 and older are being shortchanged
instrumental in its drafting. Our posi-
Significant increases in minimum
by our existing employment and man-
tion of leadership in the world in the
monthly benefits for persons with long
power programs. What is needed now is
fight against man's inhumane and cruel
periods or covered employment;
a comprehensive midcareer development
treatment of his fellow man is in serious
One hundred percent benefits for wid-
services program to provide the broad
question. Around the world we have
OWS, instead of only 82½ percent as un-
range of employment services to enable
traditionally thought of ourselves as
der present law:
unemployed or underemployed older
showing the way to less enlightened
Liberalization of the retirement test:
workers to move into new or more pro-
countries in the area of humanitarian
Cost-of-living adjustments to protect
ductive employment.
causes. For the past 20 years, however,
the elderly from inflation;
Equally significant, I am hopeful that
we have lagged far behind in condemning
An age 62 computation point for men;
the House will act soon on the Nutrition
what is probably the most odious of
Extension of medicare coverage to in-
Program for the Elderly Act, a bill which
crimes possible.
clude disabled; and
has already passed the Senate by a vote
An argument against ratification of
Several other proposals.
of 89 to 0. A national hot meals program
the Convention has been that it has no
However, S. 923 makes other major im-
for persons 60 and over is absolutely es-
force and is therefore useless. Here I
S 3246
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD
March 3, 1972
would like to quote a section of a bill
"This is like being sentenced before trial,"
retary of Defense by January 31, 1972, with
for the implementation of the Genocide
he said. "It's unbelievable."
a final report to be transmitted to the Sec-
Convention which has been submitted
The government, seeking to nullify the
retary of Defense by August 31, 1973. A copy
contract and fine A. & P. and the union
by Mr. SCOTT.
of that letter was formally transmitted to
$2,500 each, said that the wage increase in
the chairman of the House and Senate Armed
The offenses defined in this section where-
the 16-month contract amounted to 22 per
Services Committees by letter dated Septem-
ver committed, shall be deemed to be of-
cent a year. Mr. Menapace placed the figure
ber 24, 1971.
fenses against the United States.
at 15.8 per cent.
"The Secretary of Defense states that the
Anyone who argues that this bill would
JUST "CATCHING UP"
NAS interim report can be submitted to the
be useless is thus saying that anyone
While this was still clearly well above the
Congress by March 1, 1972, and the final
may commit an offense against this coun-
board's standard 5.5 per cent guideline, he
report by September 30, 1973. He concluded
try in contradiction with our laws and
said it could be justified because the Hale-
by stating that, in view of the arguments set
the Congress with impunity. Certainly
thorpe group was the last in the area to sign
forth by the National Academy of Sciences,
contracts with the major supermarkets, and
he plans to accept their time schedule for
this is not the case.
was merely "catching up" with wage in-
the reports."
Therefore, I again urge that this
creases for similar groups.
In addition to that statement, I also com-
United Nations Convention and its im-
Since A.&P. has been paying the wages
mented that in my view, the requirements
plementation bill be immediately ratified
since it signed the contract and then pro-
of section 506(c), Public Law 91-441, with
so that we might regain the respect that
tested to the Pay Board, the employees could
the exception of the need to extend the time
be faced with a demand that they give up
for reporting the results of the study, are
has been lost through our delay.
$25 a week in pay already received, Mr. Men-
being implemented by the Secretary of De-
apace said.
fense with the cooperation of the National
VIOLATION OF ECONOMIC STABI-
"Those guys aren't giving back $25," he
Academy of Sciences in a highly exemplary
said. "And I don't blame them."
manner. I stated further that these agencies
LIZATION ACT
The government's choice of this case put
should be recognized for the completely
Mr. MATHIAS. Mr. President, on Feb-
it at odds with the union that has been most
satisfactory manner in which they are pro-
ruary 24 of this year, the Cost of Living
militantly opposed to wage-price controls.
ceeding with this work. In closing at that
Council announced that it was filing a
The meatcutters' national leadership urged
time, I indicated that as further progress
suit against A. & P. Food Stores and
a general strike to protest Phase I, the 90-
is reported, I would make it a point to keep
day freeze, and recommended at the AFL-
the members of the Senate advised of all
against Local 117 of the Amalgamated
CIO convention in November that labor walk
of the significant details.
Meat Cutters & Butcher Workmen of
off the Pay Board.
I have received a copy of the interim re-
North America-AFL-CIO. The Cost of
Government sources said, however, that the
port of the National Academy of Sciences
Living Council apparently alleges that a
suit was a logical one since the company had
covering the period December, 1970, through
contract between this local union and
protested, a small number of workers were
December, 1971. This interim report was
the local management of A. & P. Food
involved and the contract was, in its opinion,
transmitted to the President of the Senate
Stores violates the Economic Stabiliza-
clearly illegal.
by letter dated March 1, 1972. The report
is consistent with the intent of the language
tion Act.
of the law and is informative with respect
As this is one of the first court cases
THE EFFECT OF HERBICIDES
to the numerous efforts that have been made
brought by the Cost of Living Council
IN VIETNAM
during 1971. I attach a letter of transmittal
under the Economic Stabilization Act, I
and attachments.
believe all of us should be interested in
Mr. BENTSEN. Mr. President, I ask
I will continue to monitor this effort and
unanimous consent to have printed in
will advise the members of the Senate of
its progress.
I ask unanimous consent that an arti-
the RECORD a statement by the distin-
all significant events as they are reported.
cle relating to this case be printed in
guished Senator from New Hampshire
the RECORD.
(Mr. MCINTYRE), together with an in-
THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE,
Washington, D.C., March 1, 1972.
There being no objection, the article
sertion which he wishes to have printed
Hon. JOHN C. STENNIS,
in the RECORD.
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
Chairman, Committee on Armed Services,
as follows:
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C.
objection it is so ordered:
DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: Enclosed is a copy of
A. & P. SUIT AMONG MANY PHASE II PROBES,
UNITED STATES SAYS
PROGRESS REPORT ON NATIONAL ACADEMY OF
the Interim Report of the National Academy
SCIENCES ON EFFECTS OF HERBICIDES IN
of Sciences Committee on the Effects of
(By Paul Jablow)
VIETNAM
Herbicides in Vietnam, which is being trans-
A spokesman for the Cost of Living Coun-
(Statement by Senator MCINTYRE)
mitted today to the President of the Senate
cil said yesterday that the suit filed Thurs-
and to the Speaker of the House of Repre-
day against A. & P. Food Stores and a local
Section 506(c), Public Law 91-441, the
sentatives. This is an interim report, as the
union was "one of many cases being investi-
fiscal 1971 Military Procurement Authoriza-
title indicates, and represents about 25 per-
gated" that involve wage agreement allegedly
tion Act, provided that the Secretary of De-
cent of the total effort to be accomplished.
in violation of Phase 2 guidelines.
fense would make arrangements with the
Through informal coordination with your
The spokesman and other sources involved
National Academy of Sciences (NAS) for
Committee staff, we understand you intend
in the wage-price enforcement machinery
that organization to conduct a study on the
effects of herbicides in Vietnam.
to make this report a part of the permanent
said there was no particular significance in
Congressional Record at an early date. Due
the choice of the contract involving A. & P.'s
It also required the Secretary of Defense to
to the great public interest in this subject,
warehouse in Halethorpe and 77 members
request the Academy to submit a final re-
this is a desirable course of action. Both the
of local 117, Amalgamated Meatcutters and
port with results of the study not later
National Academy of Sciences and the De-
Butcher Workmen.
than January 31, 1972, for transmittal to
partment of Defense also wish to make this
They indicated that several other labor
the Congress by March 1, 1972.
contract suits would soon follow this one,
I would call to the attention of the Sen-
report available to the public, subsequent
ate the statement which I made on the floor
to your release, through their normal dis-
the first such court action under President
Nixon's economic program.
on October 6, 1971, which appears in the
tribution channels. We would therefore ap-
preciate being advised of your time schedule
Jerry Menapace, president of the local, said
Congressional Record of that date on pages
when it is available.
yesterday that he was "amazed at this
S 15995-S 16001. At that time I covered in
MELVIN R. LAIRD.
flabbergasted," but that he had asked the
detail all of the actions of the Department of
men to remain at work. They did, although
Defense which had been taken pursuant to
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF THE NATIONAL ACAD-
Mr. Menapace described them as "wild" over
the law and included copies of various letters
EMY OF SCIENCES INTERIM REPORT ON THE
the suit.
and documents which provided the full de-
EFFECTS OF HERBICIDES IN VIETNAM
The local president said that he had pre-
tail of these actions.
viously been told by the Internal Revenue
At that time I stated as follows:
INTRODUCTION
Service, investigating arm of the Pay Board,
"NAS, by letter dated September 15, 1971,
Section 506(c) of Public Law 91-441 re-
that the wage agreement signed last Novem-
advised the Director of Defense Research and
quired the Department of Defense (DoD) to
ber 21 was considered a violation.
Engineering of its conclusion that, because
contract with the National Academy of Sci-
of the long-range nature and the complexity
ences (NAS) for a study of the physiological
"SENTENCED BEFORE TRIAL"
of the study required by Public Law 91-441,
and ecological effects of the military use of
But he said he had also been told that
the final report date specified in the law,
herbicides in Vietnam. PL 91-441 was signed
the union would get a chance to protest this
January 31, 1972, is unrealistic and cannot
on 7 October 1970 and on 15 October 1970
finding to the Pay Board or to a special
be realized if the work required is to be com-
DoD requested NAS to consider such a con-
three-judge panel that hears Board appeals
pleted. NAS stated that it will provide an
tract. The NAS responded affirmatively on 26
before any legal action was taken.
interim report to be transmitted to the Sec-
October 1970, DoD issued a letter of intent
March 7, 1972
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
3471
Percent
State allocations
Percent
State allocations
Age
distribution
Age
distribution
60-plus
of 60-plus
Fiscal year
Fiscal year
60-plus
of 60-plus
Fiscal year
Fiscal year
population
population
1973
1974
population
population
1973
1974
Total
28,936,791
100
$100,000,000
$150,000,000
28. Nebraska
250,396
0.87
$833,212
$1,249,818
29. Nevada
48,844
.17
500,000
750,000
1. Alabama
475,203
1.64
1,570,652
2,355,978
30. New Hampshire
110,272
.38
500,000
750,000
2. Alaska
12,197
.04
500,000
750,000
31. New Jersey
1,011,034
3.49
3,342,422
5,013,633
3. Arizona
233,729
.81
775,748
1,163,622
32. New Mexico
105,158
.36
500,000
750,000
4. Arkansas
334,603
1.16
1,110,948
1,666,422
33. New York
2,813,580
9.72
9,308,986
13,963,479
5. California
2,571,747
8.89
8,514,078
12,771,117
34. North Carolina
614,180
2.12
2,030,354
3,045,531
6. Colorado
266,890
.92
881,096
1,321,644
35. North Dakota
93,813
32
500,000
750,000
7. Connecticut
414,991
1.44
1,379,108
2,068,662
36. Ohio
1,426,582
4.93
4,721,530
7,082,295
8. Delaware
63,815
.22
500,000
750,000
37. Oklahoma
421,310
1.46
1,398,262
2,097,393
9. District of Columbia
103,713
.36
500,000
750,000
38. Oregon
321,207
1.11
1,063,062
1,594,593
10. Florida
1,344,185
4.65
4,453,370
6,680,055
39. Pennsylvania.
1,831,564
6.33
6,062,330
9,093,495
11. Georgia
543,299
1.88
1,800,502
2,700,753
40. Rhode Island
147,164
.51
500,000
750,000
12. Hawaii
67,488
.23
500,000
750,000
41. South Carolina
286,272
.99
948,136
1,422,204
13. Idaho
97,963
.34
500,000
750,000
42. South Dakota
109,740
.38
500,000
750,000
14. Illinois
1,571,497
5.43
5,200,388
7,800,582
43. Tennessee
555,977
1.92
1,838,810
2,758,215
15. Indiana
701,393
2.42
2,317,668
3,476,502
44. Texas
1,436,955
4.97
4,759,838
7,139,757
16. Iowa
477,392
1.65
1,580,228
2,370,342
45. Utah
112,540
.39
500,000
750,000
17. Kansas
367,545
1.27
1,216,296
1,824,444
46. Vermont
66,453
.23
500,000
750,000
18. Kentucky
476,224
1.65
1,580,228
2,370,342
47. Virginia
538,034
1.86
1,781,348
2,672,022
19. Louisiana
449,386
1.55
1,484,456
2,226,684
48. Washington
460,089
1.59
1,522,766
2,284,149
20. Maine
165,124
.55
526,742
790,113
49. West Virginia
278,969
.96
919,406
1,379,109
21. Maryland
443,561
1.53
1,465,302
2,197,953
50. Wisconsin
661,349
2.29
2,193,166
3,289,749
22. Massachusetts
888,972
3.07
2,940,182
4,410,273
51. Wyoming
43,730
.15
500,000
750,000
23. Michigan
1,089,225
3.76
3,601,004
5,401,506
52. American Samoa
1,029
250,000
375,000
24. Minnesota
564,373
1.95
1,867,542
2,801,313
53. Guam
2,550
01
250,000
375,000
25. Mississippi
320,336
1.11
1,063,062
1,594,593
54. Puerto Rico
258,661
.89
852,366
1,278,549
26. Missouri
783,632
2.71
2,595,406
3,893,109
55. Trust Territory
045
.02
250,000
375,000
27. Montana
97,171
.34
500,000
750,000
56. Virgin Islands
3,630
.01
250,000
375,000
Mr. EAGLETON. Mr. President, I have
I know that the principal sponsor of
I want to reaffirm that position today.
spoken in the past of the plight of older
S. 1163, the very distinguished senior
Because of the concern caused by the
Americans who go hungry, either be-
Senator from Massachusetts (Mr. KEN-
House amendment, we have sought and
cause of the inadequacy of their finan-
NEDY) will join with me in pledging to
received assurances from the Department
cial resources or, of equal seriousness,
do all within our power to secure ade-
of Health, Education, and Welfare that
because their social isolation or physi-
quate funding for the program. But there
no income limitation or means test will
cal incapacities are so debilitating that
is no substitute for administration sup-
be imposed and, further, we have had the
they lack the motivation or ability to
port in the area of funding and I call
benefit of the Department's judgment
shop and prepare food for themselves.
upon the President to match his words on
that the language of the House amend-
This bill is designed to meet their needs
behalf of all senior citizens with a com-
ment will not create difficulties in the
by authorizing Federal payment of up to
mitment of administration backing for
administration of the act. In reliance on
90 percent of the cost of establishing
full funding of this bill.
these assurances we are prepared to ac-
nutrition projects to provide meals—
Turning to the details of the House
cept the House amendment.
either at group dining sites or through
amendments, I wish to associate myself
I want to clarify a question that has
delivery of meals to the homebound-
with the remarks in this area of the bill's
been raised by some interested in this
for those aged 60 or over and their
sponsor, the Senator from Massachusetts
bill regarding the interpretation of sec-
spouses.
(Mr. KENNEDY). The principal House
tion 706(a) (3). That subsection requires
The need of so many of America's
amendment relates to the eligibility of
recipients of grants or contracts:
elderly citizens for the nutritional as-
participants in nutrition projects. S. 1163,
To furnish a site for such nutrition project
sistance provided in this bill has been
as passed by the Senate, in section 706
in as close proximity to the majority of eligi-
amply documented. The burning ques-
(a) (2) defines "eligible individuals" as
bie individuals' residences as feasible, such
tion now is whether sufficient funds will
those aged 60 or over and their spouses.
as a school or a church, preferably within
To this provision, the House added lan-
walking distance where possible and, where
be provided to fully implement the pro-
appropriate, to furnish transportation to
gram or whether it will become but an-
guage to provide that such individuals
such site or home-delivered meals to eligible
other fulfilled promise. The bill au-
shall also fall within one of the general
individuals who are homebound. [Emphasis
thorizes appropriations of $100 mil-
categories set out in section 701(a), the
added.]
lion in fiscal year 1973 and an addi-
findings and purposes section. The cate-
Some have read this to mean that
tional $150 million in fiscal year 1974.
gories mentioned in section 701(a) are
These figures are fully supported by the
very general and are merely intended to
projects may either furnish participants
testimony and other data considered by
be descriptive of those to be served by
with transportation to and from the site
this bill. They are certainly not suitable
of group meals or deliver meals to the
our Subcommittee on Aging in passing
homebound-but not both. This inter-
on this legislation. I urge the President,
as standards of qualification for partici-
pation in the program and raise the con-
pretation is not correct. The word "or"
who has repeatedly expressed his com-
cern that the inclusion by reference of
in the last phrase of this subsection is
mitment to the welfare of older Amer-
icans in recent months, to send to Con-
such language in the eligibility section
not used in the disjunctive but rather to
might lead to the imposition of a means
distinguish between the two forms of
gress a supplemental budget request for
the full amount authorized for fiscal year
test of some kind. Such a test would
transportation. As the committee report
clearly be inconsistent with the goals ex-
clearly shows, project operators may
1973.
pressed by the committee in reporting
transport individuals and may also
Since passage of the Senate bill, there
has been extraordinary interest in this
out this bill. The committee report-
transport food to the homebound.
legislation. It has emanated from State
No. 92-515-states:
Finally, Mr. President, at a recent hear
ing of the Subcommittee on Aging held in
offices of aging, from public and private
The nutrition program established by this
bill is neither designed as, nor intended to be,
Kansas City, Mo., we received disquieting
groups concerned with the needs of older
an income maintenance program. In addi-
reports from the directors of State offices
citizens, and from the elderly themselves
tion to providing nutritious meals for the
of aging who had just returned from a
who look forward to sharing in the bene-
elderly, it aims at overcoming problems re-
conference in Washington that the ad-
fits authorized by the bill. Their hopes
lated to social isolation and bringing the
ministration had announced its intention
have been raised by the congressional
elderly persons into contact with a wide va-
to turn the nutrition program over to the
action in support of S. 1163. We cannot
riety of other social services which are al-
States entirely after 3 years of Federal
ready available but which many older per-
let those hopes be dashed by failing to
sons lack the initiative and knowledge to
support. Mr. President, we all know too
appropriate the funds necessary to make
draw upon. Accordingly, no income limitation
well the financial distress in which city
the nutrition program a reality.
is established in the bill.
and State governments across the Na-
3472
CONGRESSIONAL Agring RECORD - SENATE
March program 7, 1972
tion find themselves. The surest way to
income plagues the Nation's aged. For
forces able men and women into early re-
kill this program is to inform responsible
they are the victims as well of other con-
tirement and the frustration of feeling
local officials that they are going to have
ditions that our Nation has permitted to
useless.
to pick up the full burden of its cost after
accompany old age.
Passage of this legislation is a bold
a relatively brief period of Federal sup-
The elderly, particularly the single el-
move to shatter the circle of isolation,
port. If the reports that we received in
derly, lack the physical mobility to make
malnutrition, deteriorating health, in-
our subcommittee hearing are correct,
the weekly trips to the market. Many of
stitutionalization, and death that sur-
they constitute a major disincentive to
them live in rented rooms with inade-
rounds our elderly citizens.
the States to undertake the operation of
quate kitchen facilities. And most have
I urge the Senate to approve this
a nutrition program.
little nutritional education which would
measure.
Whatever may be the administration's
permit them to prepare a balanced diet,
Mr. President, briefly, let me note cer-
intentions, Mr. President, I want to as-
even if there were no other obstacles in
tain of the amendments added by the
sure those concerned with this bill that
their way.
House of Representatives. None of them
I intend to exert every effort to provide
Finally, the isolation, the loneliness,
is major. However, I believe at least
for continued Federal support for this
the lack of friends or community remove
certain changes should be discussed for
program. I have every confidence that,
the incentive to go to the trouble to pre-
the record.
if adequately funded, the value of nutri-
pare nutritious meals. In the end, it is a
First, on page 18, the words "and
tion projects for the elderly will be so
way of life which is almost destined to
members of minority, Indian, and
conclusively demonstrated during their
yield malnutrition, illness, and despair.
limited English-speaking groups," have
initial years of operation that any at-
For all of these reasons, the Senate, and
been deleted from section 701(b). Now,
tempt to take action that would be de-
now the House of Representatives as
it is important to realize that this in no
structive of the program will raise such
well, has determined that the Federal
way lessens the responsibility of the
a chorus of opposition that it will quickly
Government must assume a primary ob-
State and Federal agencies in the admin-
be struck down.
ligation to provide decent nutrition for
istration of this program to continue to
Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, I am
every elderly person.
provide those groups with their rightful
pleased to be able to speak in favor of
It is a recommendation that was en-
share of this program. The House merely
S. 1163 which was passed by the Senate
dorsed by the 1969 White House Confer-
acted in this way so as to remove from
89 to 0 on November 30 and with several
ence on Food, Nutrition, and Health, by
the purpose clause any discussion of a
minor amendments was passed 350 to 23
the President's Task Force on Aging in
group other than the generic group of
by the House on February
1970, and by the White House Confer-
older Americans with low incomes.
Today, I believe that we can take the
ence on Aging last year.
This can be demonstrated by noting
final step in the legislative process by
And it will be done in a manner that
that the House retained section 705(a)
agreeing to the minor amendments added
prudent governance demands. For we
(4) which states "to the extent feasible,
by the House, thereby sending this meas-
have had a demonstration program cov-
grants will be awarded to projects op-
ure to the President. It is my under-
ering some 23 projects for several years.
erated by and serving the needs of mi-
standing that the administration no
And the evaluation of these programs has
nority, Indian, and limited English-
longer opposes this measure so, hope-
been overwhelmingly positive. Now, in
speaking eligible individuals in propor-
fully, it will be signed into law quickly
this legislation, we are using the success-
tion to their numbers in the State."
by the President.
ful model to create a permanent program
Second, the House in section 706(a) (2)
This also will permit action by the Ap-
that can provide a basic necessity to
has included in its definition of eligible
propriations Committees of both Houses
elderly Americans-nutritious meals and
individuals a reference to the four
during the consideration of the Presi-
an incentive to become part of a new
clauses of section 701(a) describing the
dent's budget and enable the benefits of
community.
general class of persons for whom this
this program to be made available to the
The legislation establishes a new title
program is designed.
Nation's elderly citizens at the start of
VII in the Older Americans Act of 1965
Any of the four specifications would
the new fiscal year.
and authorizes $250 million over a 2-year
suffice for qualification but it is our un-
Essentially, this measure, which I in-
period for allocations to State offices of
derstanding that there will in no way be
troduced early in the first session of this
aging which then will make grants to
an effort made, nor was the House at-
Congress with some 20 other Senators as
local public or private non-profit organ-
tempting to do so by this language, to
cosponsors, will provide a permanent na-
izations, The Administration on Aging
establish any means test as a qualifica-
tionwide nutrition program for the
will administer the program. Allocations
tion for entrance into the program.
elderly, a program that will offer nutri-
to the States will be on a 90-10 Federal-
tious meals in settings where the elderly
State-matching basis.
We have received assurances, and a
can come together in social activities and
States will submit a plan to assure that
letter from HEW is being prepared, which
in a setting where they will have access
the purposes of the program are met and
spells out clearly that there is no such
to other social services. On the House
there will be a preference in seeking to
intent nor such view of this language by
reach those most in need-the poor, the
the Department.
side, Congressman PEPPER played a lead-
ing role in this area, along with Con-
minority, the Indian and the elderly who
Obviously it would be impossible to es-
gressman BRADEMAS and Congressman
have limited English-speaking abilities.
tablish any rigid standards that would
PERKINS.
The bill also provides that:
determine a particular elderly person
First, each program must provide at
suffers "feeling of rejection and loneli-
As my colleagues know, the older
ness which obliterate the incentive nec-
American in the United States remains
least one hot meal a day, 5 days a week
one of our most oppressed minorities. One
Each meal also must contain a minimum
essary to prepare and eat a meal alone."
of every four older Americans lives in
one-third the recommended daily
The intent of the House merely was to
poverty. And despite the total reduction
dietary needs for elderly persons.
emphasize in very general terms the class
in the number of persons living in pov-
Second, the meals will be served in sites
of persons at whom the legislation was
erty over the past decade, the plight of
accessible to the majority of elderly
aimed. And we believe that it is clear
the elderly has been virtually unchanged.
within the community. Schools, senior
from the legislative history that no strict
If anything, it has gotten worse in rela-
citizen centers, churches, and other pub-
standards of eligibility would be devised,
tion to other groups in the society.
lic and nonprofit locations can be used.
which could not only frighten away indi-
A decade ago, elderly Americans com-
Third, out-reach services to locate the
viduals for whom the program was in-
prised 15 percent of the Nation's poor.
isolated elderly will be part of each pro-
tended but which would make it impossi-
Yet today, our senior citizens represent
grom so that those who most need the
ble to administer at the local level by
20 percent of the Nation's citizens who
program will be aware of
community and other groups.
must exist on incomes below the poverty
Fourth, the sponsor will provide a set-
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
line.
ting conducive to the inclusion of other
move that the Senate concur in the
The restrictions placed on elderly
social services as a correlary to the meal
amendment of the House.
Americans by their meager incomes
itself.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
makes it easy to understand why they
Fifth, preference for staffing will go to
pore. The question is on agreeing to the
have difficulty providing themselves with
the elderly. The talents of elderly are
motion of the Senator from Montana.
adequate diets. But more than inadequate
often wasted as a youth-oriented society
The motion was agreed to.
RECYCLING LABOR'S THROWAWAYS
AN EXPERIENCE REPORT ON EMPLOYMENT OF THE ELDERLY
CONDUCTED
BY
NATIONAL RETIRED TEACHERS ASSOCIATION
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF RETIRED PERSONS
SENIOR COMMUNITY SERVICE AIDES PROJECT
FOR
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR -- OPERATION MAINSTREAM
UNDER CONTRACTS NUMBERED M9-9031-99 AND 1602-99
SUBMITTED SEPTEMBER 23, 1971
PREPARED
BY
EDWIN C. DOULIN
NATIONAL PROJECT DIRECTOR
NRTA - AARP
RECYCLING LABOR'S THROWAWAYS
THE U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR HAS BEEN PURSUING THE
IDEA OF PREPARING UNEMPLOYED OLDER WORKERS FOR RE-ENTRY INTO THE
LABOR MARKET SINCE 1947-48 WHEN IT FIRST BEGAN TO CONSIDER WHAT
WAS TO BE DONE WITH THOSE OLDER PEOPLE WHO WERE BEING RELEASED BY
INDUSTRY AFTER HAVING BEEN RECALLED FROM RETIREMENT DURING WORLD
WAR II. IT HAD HOPED THAT THE MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING
AcT OF 1962 AND ITS MANY AMENDMENTS MIGHT AFFECT A SOLUTION TO
THE PROBLEM. FOR A VARIETY OF REASONS THIS WAS FOUND NOT TO BE
THE ANSWER. THE PASSAGE OF THE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY AcT IN
1964 AND THE DELEGATION OF ITS NEW OPERATION MAINSTREAM TO DOL
OPENED THE DOOR TO A POSSIBLE SOLUTION AND CERTAINLY A WAY TO
FIND OUT IF IT WAS FEASIBLE TO TRAIN OR RETRAIN OLDER WORKERS.
SINCE 0EO MONEY WAS INVOLVED IN THIS VENTURE IN SOCIAL SCIENCE,
THE EXPERIMENT WAS TO BE CONFINED TO THE OLDER POOR, CHRONICALLY
UNEMPLOYED.
IN 1968 THE NATIONAL COUNCIL OF SENIOR CITIZENS WAS
GIVEN A CONTRACT, WHICH HAS BEEN RENEWED OR EXTENDED TO THE
PRESENT TIME, TO CONDUCT A SERIES OF S.C.S.A.P. PROJECTS IN 19
CITIES OF ITS OWN CHOICE IN WHICH IT INTENDED TO DEMONSTRATE THAT
THE IDEA OF RECRUITING, TRAINING, AND PLACING IN COMMUNITY AND
PUBLIC SERVICE OLDER POOR PEOPLE MIGHT BE FEASIBLE. LATER THE
NATIONAL COUNCIL OF AGING UNDERTOOK A SIMILAR OBLIGATION IN 11
CITIES. IN 1969 VIRGINIA STATE COLLEGE WAS GIVEN A SIMILAR
CONTRACT AT ITS PETERSBURG, VIRGINIA SITE.
ON JUNE 30, 1969, THE NATIONAL RETIRED TEACHERS
ASSOCIATION AND THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF RETIRED PERSONS
ACCEPTED A CONTRACT FROM THE U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR MANPOWER
ADMINISTRATION OPERATION MAINSTREAM IN WHICH IT AGREED TO
DEMONSTRATE FURTHER AND IN A MORE NOVEL MANNER THAT IT WAS
POSSIBLE TO RECRUIT, TRAIN AND PLACE PERSONS 55 YEARS OF AGE
AND OVER IN COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC SERVICE EMPLOYMENT. THOSE
TO BE ENROLLED IN THE PROJECT WERE TO COME FROM THE RANKS OF
THE CHRONICALLY UNEMPLOYED DISADVANTAGED IN SIX LARGE CITIES
SELECTED BY DOL AND THE OPERATION WAS ALSO TO BE CALLED A
SENIOR COMMUNITY SERVICE AIDES PROJECT. A TOTAL OF 313 JOB
TRAINING SLOTS WAS AUTHORIZED AT THAT TIME. THE UNUSUAL FEATURE
IN THIS CONTRACT WAS THAT IT PROVIDED FOR A LIMITED TRAINING
PERIOD OF 40 WEEKS AT 20 HOURS PER WEEK FOR EACH ENROLLEE. THE
WAGE RANGE WAS TO BE FROM $1.60 TO $3.00 PER HOUR, DEPENDING UPON
ABILITY AND LENGTH OF SERVICE. IT WAS HOPED THAT IN THIS LENGTH
OF TIME ENROLLEES SHOULD BE SUFFICIENTLY RETRAINED OR RESKILLED
TO WARRANT HAVING THEIR TRAINING AGENCIES HIRE THEM ON A PART-
TIME BASIS ON THEIR OWN PAYROLLS. WHILE EVERY EFFORT WAS MADE
TO COMPLY WITH THIS 40 WEEK PROVISION, EXCEPTIONS HAD TO BE MADE.
WHEN DOL RETAINED KIRSCHNER ASSOCIATES, AN ALBUQUERQUE,
NEW MEXICO BASED PROFESSIONAL RESEARCH FIRM, TO MAKE AN EVALUATION
OF ITS CONTRACT DEMONSTRATION AIDES PROJECTS UNDER OPERATION
MAINSTREAM IN 1970, IT DEVELOPED THAT WHILE ALL FOUR CONTRACTORS
WERE USING 55 AND OLDER PEOPLE IN VARIOUS PHASES OF THE COMMUNITY
AND PUBLIC SERVICE IN FURTHERANCE OF THEIR DEMONSTRATIONS, ONLY
NRTA-AARP HAD ACTUALLY CARRIED THEIRS FORWARD TO THE POINT WHERE
PROJECT ENROLLEES WERE REALLY BEING MOVED OFF THE PROGRAM, AFTER
A SUITABLE TRAINING PERIOD, INTO JOBS WHERE SALARIES WERE BEING
- 2 -
PAID WITH NON-GOVERNMENT FUNDS.
IN JUNE 1970, AFTER ALMOST A FULL YEAR OF OPERATION UNDER
ITS CONTRACT WITH DOL, NRTA-AARP PRODUCED AN INTERIM REPORT WHICH
IT CALLED AN "Overview". THIS PAPER EXPLAINED IN SOME DETAIL
WHAT IT HAD DONE so FAR IN CARRYING ON THE DEMONSTRATION. IN IT,
IT REPORTED THAT THERE HAD BEEN CONSIDERABLE TURNOVER IN THE PROJECT
AND THAT 449 TO DATE HAD BEEN ENROLLED, SOME FOR AS SHORT A PERIOD
AS ONE DAY, ALTHOUGH 1,776 HAD INQUIRED. THE OLDER WORKERS EN-
ROLLED UP TO THAT TIME HAD ALL BEEN GIVEN PHYSICALS AND CLEARED
BY LOCAL STATE EMPLOYMENT SECURITY OFFICES AS BEING 55 OR OVER
AND POOR BY 0E0 DEFINITION; 196 COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC SERVICE AGENCIES
HAD BEEN TRAINING SITES FOR THESE ENROLLEES; 337 WERE STILL EM-
PLOYED IN WORK-TRAINING SITUATIONS ON THE PROJECT AND 92 HAD
REALLY "GRADUATED" INTO EITHER FULL OR PART-TIME JOBS. MOST
AMAZINGLY, 65 OTHER PEOPLE WHO HAD EITHER IMMEDIATELY MARKETABLE
SKILLS OR WERE INELIGIBLE FOR 0E0 FUNDED PROGRAMS WERE PLACED IN
JOBS BY NRTA-AARP IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR, MANY OF THIS LATTER
GROUP WERE SENT IN BY SES OFFICES OR HAD JUST WALKED IN OFF THE
STREET IN RESPONSE TO NEWS MEDIA ANNOUNCEMENTS. ALL WERE 55 OR
OVER, HOWEVER.
WITH THE EXPERIENCE AND EXPERTISE OF ANOTHER YEAR IN THE
RECYCLING OF SOME OF THE THROWAWAYS IN THE LABOR MARKET BEHIND IT,
NRTA-AARP CONTINUED ON INTO 1970-71 WITH ANOTHER MAINSTREAM GRANT
IN WHICH 353 ENROLLEE SLOTS WERE AUTHORIZED. AT THE TERMINATION
OF THIS CONTRACT A RESTUDY WAS MADE OF THE ALMOST 27 MONTHS THE
ASSOCIATIONS WERE INVOLVED IN BOTH PROJECTS, THE RESULTS OF THIS
AND OBSERVATIONS ARE PRESENTED HEREIN.
- 3 -
THE RESULTS OF THIS SUPPOSEDLY FINAL REPORT MADE AS OF
SEPTEMBER 22, 1971, SHOWED THAT BY THAT TIME 881 OLDER PERSONS
HAD BEEN ENROLLED IN THE DEMONSTRATION AT ONE TIME OR ANOTHER
DURING THE PREVIOUS 27 MONTHS. AGAIN, AS PREVIOUSLY REPORTED,
MANY OF THESE PERSONS REMAINED ON THE PROJECT FOR ONLY A VERY
LIMITED TIME. ONE CLEVELAND MAN, AFTER BEING ON A JOB FOR THE
FIRST TIME IN 10 YEARS, BECAME so ELATED OVER THE PROSPECT OF
REALLY WORKING AGAIN THAT HE QUIT AFTER 2 HOURS TO RETURN TO HIS
OLD TRADE AS A FURRIER AT $5.00 PER HOUR. HE HAD BEEN ORIGINALLY
RETIRED FOR DISABILITY. ONE KANSAS CITY MAN, 72 YEARS OLD, RE-
MAINED A WHILE LONGER, ALTHOUGH AS A FORMER CIRCUS ACROBAT WITH
BARNUM & BAILEY, HE WAS NOT TOO HAPPY WITH SUCH MUNDANE AND UN-
EXCITING TASKS AS WE COULD PROVIDE.
WHILE PROBLEMS OF JOB READJUSTMENT WERE ENCOUNTERED
FROM TIME TO TIME AMONG PROJECT ENROLLEES, FOR THE MOST PART THE
TRANSITION FROM ONE TRADE OR SKILL TO ANOTHER WAS NO GREAT PROBLEM.
A 58 YEAR OLD LADY CHICKEN PLUCKER, RETIRED BECAUSE OF AUTOMATION
IN ATLANTA, WAS EASILY RECYCLED AS A TEACHER'S AIDE IN A DAY CARE
CENTER. FUNCTIONALLY ILLITERATE FEMALE BLACK AGRICULTURAL WORKERS
IN FLORIDA AND GEORGIA, VICTIMS OF AUTOMATION IN AGRICULTURE, WERE
FOUND TO HAVE THE UNTIRING PATIENCE SO VITALLY NEEDED AS AIDES
WORKING WITH MENTALLY RETARDED CHILDREN. A 67 YEAR OLD FORMER
MAID AND FIELD WORKER WITH A 9TH GRADE EDUCATION IS NOW ON THE
JOB EVERY DAY IN CHARGE OF A RURAL CLINIC NEAR STONE MOUNTAIN,
GEORGIA. THESE ARE ONLY RANDOM EXAMPLES OF THE WAYS OLDER PEOPLE
ON THE PROJECT HAVE BEEN ABLE TO PICK UP NEW SKILLS.
- 4 -
MORE WOMEN THAN MEN
ALMOST ALL STUDIES OF THIS TYPE HAVE REPORTED THAT WOMEN
ARE DEFINITELY IN THE MAJORITY IN THE AGE GROUP BEYOND 55. THIS
REPORT IS NO EXCEPTION. OF THE 881 PERSONS COVERED HERE, 660 WERE
WOMEN AND ONLY 221 WERE MEN. ALMOST TRAGICALLY IT HAS BEEN NOTED
THAT OF THE 660 WOMEN, 400 WERE WIDOWS, AND A LARGE PROPORTION OF
THESE (96), WERE THOSE BETWEEN 55 AND 62 WHO HAD NO INCOMES AT
ALL. Too MANY OF THIS GROUP (49) HAD NO SKILLS OF ANY DESCRIPTION
OTHER THAN KEEPING HOUSE, THEY HAD NEVER WORKED BEFORE. IN ALL,
159 ENROLLEES HAD NO INCOMES BEFORE JOINING THE PROJECT. IN-
CLUDING THE 219 MARRIED ENROLLEES -- MANY OF WHOM WERE WOMEN SUPPORTING
SICK HUSBANDS THE AVERAGE ANNUAL INCOME PER ENROLLEE, INCLUDING
SOCIAL SECURITY, BEFORE JOINING THE PROJECT WAS $1,138.50, BARELY
$22.00 A WEEK. ONLY 30% OR 293, HAD THIS COVERAGE, WHILE 29 MORE
RECEIVED DISABILITY PAYMENTS. STRANGELY, so FEW RECEIVED OLD AGE
ASSISTANCE THAT NO RECORD WAS KEPT OF THIS.
EDUCATION, OR THE LACK OF IT, SEEMS TO HAVE BEEN ANOTHER
FACTOR, IN ADDITION TO AGE, ATTRIBUTABLE TO UNEMPLOYMENT AMONG THIS
AGING GROUP, ABOUT 8% OR 70 HAD NEVER BEEN TO SCHOOL AT ALL.
ALMOST 26% OR 229 HAD GONE AS FAR AS THE 8TH GRADE. THE HIGH
SCHOOL GRADUATES MADE UP 30% OR 300 AND 92 HAD BEEN TO COLLEGE.
COLLEGE GRADUATES WITH AT LEAST 1 DEGREE NUMBERED 47 AND ANOTHER
130 HAD BEEN TO BUSINESS SCHOOL OR HAD VOCATIONAL TRAINING.
WE HAVE PREVIOUSLY MENTIONED THE LARGE PROPORTION OF
WOMEN vs. MEN IN THIS PROJECT AND WE FOUND THAT THEY COMPRISED
THE GREATER PART OF THE 381 PERSONS IN THE 55-64 AGE GROUP. IN THE
- 5 -
NEXT AGE STEP 65 TO 74 -- THERE WERE 434 PERSONS, 70% WOMEN,
AND FINALLY IN THE OVER 75 COLUMN, THEY MADE UP 80% OF THE 65
ENROLLED.
THE OVERALL AVERAGE AGE OF OUR ENROLLEES WAS 65.7 YEARS,
WITH ONE MAN STILL WORKING AT 90 AND ANOTHER SIDELINED AT THE
SAME AGE NOW WITH BLINDNESS, THE LADIES SEEMED TO ESCHEW WORK
GENERALLY AFTER 80. THERE HAVE BEEN SEVERAL NOTABLE EXCEPTIONS,
HOWEVER, ONE OF WHICH WAS A LADY OF 85 WHO FINALLY RETIRED "TO
MAKE A GARDEN" AND ASKED THAT HER 67 YEAR OLD DAUGHTER BE EN-
ROLLED TO REPLACE HER. HER REQUEST WAS GRANTED.
A SUBSTANTIAL NUMBER OF PEOPLE IN THE 55-64 AGE BRACKET
WHO CAME TO US AS CHRONICALLY UNEMPLOYED FROM LOCAL SES OFFICES
HAD PROBLEMS OF VARIOUS KINDS. THERE WERE 86 IN THIS GROUP, AND
OF THESE 59 WERE DISABLED IN ONE WAY OR ANOTHER. LACK OF AN EYE
OR PARTIAL BLINDNESS KEPT MANY OFF REGULAR JOBS, EPILEPTICS WERE
INCLUDED IN THIS CATEGORY AS WERE ARTHRITICS AND THOSE WITH MENTAL
ILLNESS HISTORIES. ONLY 4 AMPUTEES -- ONE A DOUBLE -- WERE EN-
ROLLED. ONE, MINUS HIS LEFT ARM, WORKS EVERY DAY AS A TYPIST AND
CALCULATING MACHINE OPERATOR, ANOTHER VERY UNUSUAL FACT DISCOVERED
WAS THAT ALMOST ALL OF THE 59 DISABLED WERE NOT HARD TO PLACE IN
PRIVATE EMPLOYMENT AFTER A TRAINING PERIOD. BECAUSE OF THEIR
HANDICAPS THEY "TRIED HARDER" AND MADE GOOD.
AT FIRST WE WERE GREATLY ENCOURAGED WITH OUR SUCCESS
IN WORKING WITH THE 23 ALCOHOLICS WE ENROLLED. WITH THE HELP OF
ALCOHOLICS ANONYMOUS AND THE CLERGY WE WERE ABLE TO RETAIN A 50%
BATTING AVERAGE. A HARD CORE OF ABOUT 8 RESISTED ALL EFFORTS TO
RECLAIM THEM. NOT ONE TOOK ADVANTAGE OF GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS --
STATE OR FEDERAL.
- 6 -
HELPING EX-OFFENDERS FIND JOBS
IN THE EARLY PART OF 1971 WE BEGAN EXPERIMENTING WITH
A VERY SMALL GROUP OF PAROLED CONVICTS, THIS CAME ABOUT AT FIRST
WHEN WE ENLISTED DISMAS HOUSE IN LOUISVILLE AS A COOPERATING
COMMUNITY SERVICE AGENCY. A PAROLEE WITH A HISTORY OF 12 YEARS
OF INCARCERATION WAS ENROLLED AS A COOK TO HELP HIM ADJUST TO
HIS RETURN TO SOCIETY. HE GOT MARRIED, BOUGHT A HOME, ON A HUD
PROGRAM, AND IS NOW EMPLOYED OFF THE PROJECT ON HIS OWN. As THIS
IS BEING WRITTEN AN ELDERLY BLACK PAROLED MURDERER IS BEING
GROOMED ON OUR LOUISVILLE PROJECT FOR A POSITION ON THE MAINTEN-
ANCE FORCE OF A LOCAL BANK. WE THINK THAT WITH 20 YEARS OF EX-
PERIENCE OPERATING FLOOR POLISHING EQUIPMENT IN PRISON HE WILL
DO WELL. HIS BIGGEST PROBLEM IS COPING WITH TODAY'S STYLE AND
SPEED OF LIVING. AT JACKSONVILLE A TWO-TIME 67 YEAR OLD LADY EX-
OFFENDER WHO WAS AN ENROLLEE FOR 6 MONTHS WHILE SHE BRUSHED UP HER
TYPING IS NOW A FULL TIME CIVIL SERVANT IN CHARGE OF A SMALL MUNI-
CIPAL BUREAU. WITH THE PATIENCE OF JOB SHE IS TRAINING ONE OF
OUR EPILEPTIC ENROLLEES WHO HAS BEEN UNEMPLOYED SINCE 1948 TO BE
ONE OF HER ASSISTANTS. DUE TO THE FACT THAT THE NATIONAL AGE LEVEL
OF OUR PRISON POPULATION IS BELOW 30, WE DO NOT ANTICIPATE BEING
ABLE TO EXPAND THIS PHASE VERY GREATLY. AN ATLANTA FORMER ENROLLEE
IS TO BE RE-ENROLLED AFTER SERVING A SHORT MANSLAUGHTER SENTENCE
AND A JOLIET GRADUATE, A FORMER CONFIDENCE MAN, IS ALSO WORKING
ON THIS PROJECT AS A SECURITY GUARD!
- 7 -
ENROLLEE ETHNIC BREAKDOWN
AT NO TIME ON THE NRTA PROJECT WAS ANY EFFORT MADE TO LIMIT
THE NUMBER OF WHITE OR BLACKS ENROLLED. As THE ENROLLEES CAME IN
FROM SES OFFICES THEY WERE INTERVIEWED, EXAMINED, AND PLACED
WHEREVER IT WAS FELT THEY COULD PERFORM THE BEST. COOPERATING
AGENCIES DID NOT EXPRESS ANY COLOR PREFERENCE AND THEY DID NOT
GET ANY. OUR LOCAL PROJECT DIRECTORS MADE IT DEFINITE IN THE VERY
BEGINNING TO THEM THAT WE WERE DEALING WITH THE ELDERLY POOR ONLY
AS FAR AS PROJECT ENROLLMENT WAS CONCERNED AND THAT REFERRALS
WOULD BE MADE ON A "MOST NEED" BASIS. PLACEMENTS MADE OF EN-
ROLLEES IN PRIVATE EMPLOYMENT RECEIVED THE SAME TREATMENT. THE
NON-ENROLLED WERE PLACED IN JOBS IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR THE SAME
WAY.
THE ETHNIC BREAKDOWN BY PROJECT SITES IS AS FOLLOWS:
WHITE
BLACK
CUBAN
ATLANTA, GEORGIA
74
87
1
CLEVELAND, OHIO
63
66
0
JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA
68
54
0
KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI
123
67
1
LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY
77
5L
0
ST. PETERSBURG, FLORIDA
117
30
0
TOTAL
523
356
2
ENROLLEE TRAINING AND PLACEMENT
IT WAS ONE OF THE ORIGINAL HOPES OF NRTA, AS WE HAVE
PREVIOUSLY MENTIONED, THAT AFTER A COOPERATING AGENCY HAD AN
ENROLLEE IN ON-THE-JOB TRAINING FOR AS LONG AS 40 WEEKS IT WAS
- 8 -
REASONABLE TO ASSUME THAT EVERY EFFORT WOULD BE MADE TO RETAIN
THE ENROLLEES AND MEET SALARY COSTS FROM AGENCY BUDGETS, IT WAS
UNDERSTOOD THAT MOST COMMUNITY SERVICE AGENCIES OPERATED ON
ANNUAL BUDGETS THAT WERE FUNDED AS THE RESULT OF UNITED APPEAL OR
RED FEATHER CAMPAIGNS, Too OFTEN THESE EFFORTS DID NOT MAKE
THEIR QUOTAS, AND AS A RESULT, QUITE FREQUENTLY IT DEVELOPED THAT
AFTER AN ENROLLEE HAD WORKED FAITHFULLY FOR 40 WEEKS THE AGENCY
WAS NOT IN A POSITION FINANCIALLY TO OFFER A PERMANENT PART-TIME
JOB.
IT WAS ALSO UNDERSTOOD FROM THE START THAT THE COOPERATING
AGENCIES, OF WHICH THERE WERE 301, WERE PERFORMING AN INVALUABLE
SERVICE FOR THE PROJECT BY MAKING OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABLE FOR BOTH
RETRAINING AND TRAINING ENROLLEES. MANY HOURS AND DAYS WERE
PATIENTLY DEVOTED BY AGENCY SUPERVISORS IN BRINGING ABOUT HUNDREDS
OF TRANSITIONS FROM ONE SKILL TO ANOTHER AS WELL AS SHARPENING UP
AN OLD SKILL. THEY GAVE THE SAME ASSISTANCE TO THOSE WHO HAD TO
BE COMPLETELY PREPARED FOR THE LABOR MARKET. ALL WAS NOT A "FREE
RIDE" AS FAR AS THE AGENCIES WERE CONCERNED. THEY WERE ACTUALLY
PREPARING OLDER POOR PEOPLE FOR EMPLOYMENT!
IN MANY INSTANCES ENROLLEES WERE CONTINUED WITH AGENCIES
WELL BEYOND THE ORIGINAL 40 WEEK TRAINING PERIOD, IT OFTEN
HAPPENED THAT THE AGENCY, WHILE NOT IN A POSITION TO PLACE THE
ENROLLEE ON ITS PAYROLL AT THAT TIME, WOULD BE IN A POSITION TO DO
so IN A FEW MORE WEEKS. RATHER THAN BREAK OFF THE CONTINUITY OF
EMPLOYMENT, PERMISSION WAS GRANTED BY THE NATIONAL PROJECT DIRECTOR
TO RETAIN THE ENROLLEE UNTIL SUCH TIME AS THE AGENCY COULD MAKE
THE PAYROLL TRANSFER.
- 9 -
WITH ABOUT 25% OF THE ENROLLEES BEING AT OR BELOW THE 8TH
GRADE EDUCATIONAL LEVEL, AND A GOOD PERCENTAGE OF THIS GROUP BEING
FUNCTIONALLY ILLITERATE, MANY EXCEPTIONS HAD TO BE MADE IN THE
40 WEEK STIPULATION IN ORDER THAT THESE ENROLLEES MIGHT NOT BE
TURNED OFF BEFORE THEY REALLY PROVED THEMSELVES, IN SOME INSTANCES,
TOO, PERMISSION WAS GIVEN TO RETAIN MENTAL OUT-PATIENTS WHERE IT
WAS KNOWN THAT A TURN OFF FOR THEM WOULD RESULT IN A RETURN TO
INSTITUTIONAL CARE. COMPLETELY ILLITERATE ENROLLEES COULD NOT BE
EXPECTED TO LEARN, FOR INSTANCE, THE RUDIMENTS OF READING AND
WRITING NEEDED TO HOLD DOWN A JOB, PARTICULARLY WHEN OVER 65, IN
SUCH A SHORT TIME AS 40 WEEKS. EACH ENROLLEE WAS GIVEN INDIVIDUAL
ATTENTION.
AMONG THE 301 COOPERATING AGENCIES WERE NON-PROFIT NURSING
HOMES, HOSPITALS, SCHOOL SYSTEMS; MUNICIPAL, COUNTY, STATE AND
FEDERAL AGENCIES. THE YMCA-YWCA, Boys CLUB, SALVATION ARMY, ST.
VINCENT DE PAUL, AMERICAN RED CROSS, CHURCH SPONSORED NEIGHBORHOOD
ORGANIZATIONS, PROVIDED MANY TRAINING SITES AND PERMANENT JOBS.
OFFICE OF ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY, MODEL CITIES AND HOUSING AUTHORITY
OPERATIONS DID LIKEWISE. WHILE PUBLIC SERVICE AGENCIES TRAINED
MANY, THE AGE AND CIVIL SERVICE LIMITATIONS PRECLUDED THEIR PLACING
OUR PEOPLE, EVEN THOUGH THEY WERE FULLY QUALIFIED IN OTHER WAYS.
BELOW, WE LIST THE TYPES OF JOBS FOR WHICH WE TRAINED ENROLLEES:
WORK-TRAINING SITUATIONS
TYPISTS
HOME ECONOMIC AIDES
FILE CLERKS
SOIL CONSERVATION AIDES
BOOKKEEPERS
CONSUMER EDUCATION INSTRUCTORS
BI-LINGUAL AIDES
LABORATORY TECHNICIANS
RECEPTIONISTS
MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
PBX OPERATORS
Fix-IT MECHANICS
- 10 -
DESK CLERKS
PERSONAL HYGIENE AIDES
SECURITY GUARDS
SCHOOL LIBRARIANS
NEIGHBORHOOD HEALTH AIDES
LIBRARY ASSISTANTS
CLINIC AIDES
DIETICIAN'S AIDES
WELFARE CASEWORK AIDES
RECREATION AIDES
TEACHER'S AIDES
EDUCATIONAL ASSISTANTS
BUILDING MAINTENANCE MEN
PHYSICIAN'S ASSISTANTS
RESEARCH AIDES
MUSEUM GUIDES AND INDEX CLERKS
HOME VISITORS
DAY CARE CENTER AIDES
HOUSEMOTHERS
MENTALLY RETARDED CHILDREN'S AIDES
MESSENGERS
TUMOR CLINIC TECHNICIANS
INTERVIEWERS
ADULT MENTALLY RETARDED INSTRUCTORS
TUTORS
ARTS AND CRAFTS INSTRUCTORS
TRANSPORTATION AIDES
ATHLETIC AIDES
RECAPITULATION OF JOB PLACEMENTS
PERMANENT PLACEMENTS IN PUBLIC SERVICE AGENCIES
34
PERMANENT PLACEMENTS IN COMMUNITY SERVICE AGENCIES
105
PERMANENT PLACEMENTS IN PRIVATE SECTOR
104
TOTAL PLACEMENTS MADE TO DATE OF ENROLLEES
243
IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE, WE MAINTAINED AT EACH SITE AN
EMPLOYMENT SERVICE FOR ALL PERSONS 55 OR OVER WHO MIGHT EITHER NOT
BE ELIGIBLE FOR THE PROJECT DUE TO HAVING AN INCOME BEYOND 0E0
GUIDELINES OR HAVE A SKILL IMMEDIATELY MARKETABLE, EVEN THOUGH
THEY WERE ELIGIBLE FOR THE PROJECT. IT IS INTERESTING TO NOTE
THAT MANY OLDER PEOPLE CAME TO INQUIRE ABOUT THE POSSIBILITIES OF
FINDING A JOB AND TOOK OFF ON THEIR OWN JUST AS SOON AS THEY LEARNED
THAT AGE WAS NOT THE HANDICAP THEY THOUGHT IT WAS, AFTER BEING
COUNSELLED AND MOTIVATED, 70 OF THIS GROUP AFTERWARDS REPORTED THEY
HAD FOUND JOBS ON THEIR OWN.
- 11 -
NON-ENROLLEE JOB PLACEMENT RECORD
ATLANTA, GEORGIA
38
CLEVELAND, OHIO
177
JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA
34
KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI
6
LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY
5
ST. PETERSBURG, FLORIDA
27
TOTAL
287
Do-IT-YourseLF JOB HUNTING
WHILE IT MAY DETRACT FROM THE NRTA JOB FINDING RECORD
TO MENTION THE FACT THAT IT DID NOT FIND ALL THE JOBS BEING
FILLED BY FORMER ENROLLEES, CONSIDERABLE CREDIT APPEARS TO BE DUE
IT FOR GETTING A MODERATE SIZED GROUP OF THESE PEOPLE so MOTIVATED
THAT THEY FOUND THEMSELVES JOBS. MANY WERE LIKE THE FURRIER
MENTIONED FROM CLEVELAND AND A RETIRED KANSAS CITY WELDER WHO WAS
GLAD TO ACCEPT A $1.60 PER HOUR JOB AS A REPAIRMAN UNTIL HE DIS-
COVERED THAT HE STILL HAD THE STAMINA TO WORK AT HIS OLD TRADE.
MANY ENROLLEES SEEMED TO HAVE DEVELOPED A DEFEATIST NEUROSIS AFTER
RETIREMENT AND BECOME FIRMLY CONVINCED THAT THEY HAD REACHED THE
END OF THE EMPLOYMENT ROAD. JUST AS SOON AS MANY OF THESE PEOPLE
FOUND THEMSELVES PUNCHING A TIME CLOCK AGAIN THEY BEGAN TO WONDER
WHY THEY COULDN'T DO BETTER THAN THE 20 HOURS A WEEK WE WERE
OFFERING AT THE $1.60 STARTING HOURLY RATE BY JOB HUNTING ON THEIR
OWN. WANT ADS WERE SCANNED, OLD UNION HALLS REVISITED AND FORMER
EMPLOYERS CONTACTED AS PART OF THE DO-IT-YOURSELF JOB HUNTING EFFORT.
- 12 -
A SURPRISING NEED FOR SKILLED HELP IN PART-TIME JOBS WAS FOUND.
THE RAPIDLY EXPANDING PRIVATE SECURITY FIRMS IN ALL OF OUR CITIES
WERE FOUND TO BE ANXIOUS TO TALK TO ANY HEALTHY, ABLE-BODIED MALE
REGARDLESS OF AGE. DEPARTMENT STORES, OFFICES, BANKS, HOTELS,
AND RESTAURANTS WERE JUST AS INTERESTED IN OLDER WOMEN. IN
CLEVELAND ALONE, NINE NATIONALLY KNOWN PRIVATE EMPLOYMENT AGENCIES
WERE WELCOMING OLDER PERSONS AT THE NORTHERN OHIO PERSONNEL AND
EXECUTIVES CONFERENCE WE TOOK PART IN IN JANUARY 1971.
As FAR AS WE HAVE BEEN ABLE TO DETERMINE, 70 FORMER
ENROLLEES MADE THEIR OWN JOB FUTURES WITHOUT EVEN A TIP OF THE
HAT TO US. WE ARE HAPPY TO HAVE GOTTEN THEM STARTED. THEIR
ACTIONS INDICATE THAT A GREAT MANY OLDER AMERICANS ARE STILL ABLE
TO FEND FOR THEMSELVES WITHOUT FEDERAL HELP, OTHER THAN TO MAKE
THEM AWARE OF THE FACT THAT THEY ARE NOT THROWAWAYS EITHER.
WHAT HAPPENED TO THE UNPLACED ENROLLEES
NOT EVERY STORY HAS A HAPPY ENDING NOR DO ALL DEMON-
STRATIONS INVOLVING PEOPLE -- POOR OR OTHERWISE -- ALWAYS PRESENT
AN IDEAL PICTURE, THE RESULTS OF THIS PROJECT ARE NO EXCEPTION.
OF THE 881 PERSONS ENROLLED TO DATE, 243 OR 28% WENT
DIRECTLY INTO JOBS, EITHER FULL OR PART-TIME. THERE ARE 265
PRESENTLY AT WORK IN TRAINING SITUATIONS. WE HAVE ALREADY MENTIONED
THE 70 "Do-IT-Yourself" JOB HUNTERS. FINALLY, OUR RECORDS SHOW
THAT OF THE 303 OTHER PERSONS WHO WERE ENROLLED AT ONE TIME OR
ANOTHER, ONLY 44 ARE STILL AVAILABLE FOR WORK AND AWAIT PLACEMENT.
OUR JOB DEVELOPERS HAVE THEIR FILES AND THEY ARE BEING REFERRED OR
TAKEN TO PROSPECTIVE EMPLOYERS OR NEW AGENCIES IN HOPES OF PLACEMENT.
- 13 -
A BREAKDOWN OF THE 249 FORMER ENROLLEES NOT NOW AVAILABLE
FOR JOBS DISCLOSES THE FOLLOWING:
ATLANTA
CLEVELAND
JACKSONVILLE
KANSAS CITY
LOUISVILLE
ST. PETERSBURG
TOTALS
AVAILABLE FOR WORK AND UNPLACED
18
5
0
4
12
5
44
DECEASED
0
1
1
7
5
3
17
MOVED - UNABLE TO LOCATE
21
2
3
7
3
5
41
ADVANCED AGE HINDERS PLACEMENT
0
3
0
4
4
0
11
DISCHARGED FOR CAUSE
0
0
0
3
1
0
4
UNABLE TO ADJUST TO EMPLOYMENT
1
1
3
2
4
7
18
POOR HEALTH - PHYSICAL OR MENTAL
19
19
4
13
9
11
75
VOLUNTARY RESIGNATION (Too MUCH
INCOME, ETC.)
7
9
11
5
8
8
48
FAMILY PROBLEMS
250560
18
IN PRISON
2
0
0
0
0
0
2
ALCOHOLICS
1
1
3
1
1
1
8
TOTAL UNPLACED
73
48
31
54
53
44
303
- 14 -
RECAPITULATION
FORMER
FORMER
TOTAL
ENROLLEES
ENROLLEES
UNPLACED
AVAILABLE
NOT AVAIL-
FOR JOBS
ABLE FOR
JOBS
ATLANTA
18
54
73
CLEVELAND
5
43
48
JACKSONVILLE
0
31
31
KANSAS CITY
4
50
54
LOUISVILLE
12
42
53
ST. PETERSBURG
5
29
44
TOTAL
44
249
303
FROM THE FOREGOING IT DOES APPEAR THAT THERE IS STILL A
VERY DEFINITE JOB FUTURE FOR THOSE PERSONS OVER 55 IN FAIRLY GOOD
HEALTH WHO STILL SEEK EMPLOYMENT.
- 15 -
Thursday, April 6, 1972-TH
Senate unit approves hike
in income for the elderly
WASHINGTON - (AP) - recipients who would remain states with payments varying
The Senate Finance Commit-
below the poverty level.
widely between states.
STEREOLAND
tee has taken a major step in The committee proposal
The average cash payments
its drive to increase income would more than double the
to aged welfare recipients is
92D CONGRESS
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
REPORT
1st Session
No. 92-726
or Aging
NUTRITION PROGRAM FOR THE ELDERLY UNDER THE
OLDER AMERICANS ACT OF 1965, AS AMENDED
DECEMBER 9, 1971.-Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the
State of the Union and ordered to be printed
Mr. PERKINS, from the Committee on Education and Labor,
submitted the following
REPORT
[To accompany S. 1163]
The Committee on Education and Labor, to whom was referred the
bill (S. 1163) to amend the Older Americans Act of 1965 to provide
grants to States for the establishment, maintenance, operation, and
expansion of low-cost meal projects, nutrition training and education
projects, opportunity for social contacts, and for other purposes, hav-
ing considered the same, report favorably thereon with an amendment
and recommend that the bill as amended do pass.
The amendment is as follows:
Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert in lieu thereof a
substitute text which appears in italic type in the reported bill.
BACKGROUND
In the 91st Congress, H.R. 17763 was introduced by Representative
Claude Pepper on May 21, 1970. Hearings on this legislation were
held on July 20, September 16, 17, 19 and 24, 1970, by the Select Sub-
committee on Education. In the 92nd Congress, an identical bill, H.R.
5017, was introduced by Representative Pepper on February 25, 1971.
Hearings were held on this bill by the Select Subcommittee on Educa-
tion on September 22, 24, October 1, November 2, 20 and 22, 1971. On
November 30, S. 1163, a bill similar to H.R. 5017, was passed by the
Senate on a unanimous vote of 89-0. The bill was referred to the Com-
mittee on Education and Labor on December 1. On December 8, 1971,
the Committee on Education and Labor ordered reported S. 1163 as
amended, unanimously by voice vote.
SUMMARY OF THE BILL
This legislation amends the Older Americans Act of 1965, as
amended, by creating a new title to authorize grants to the States for
65-081 o
2
3
the purpose of paying up to ninety percent of the cost of establishing
Utilize methods of outreach that will insure the maximum num-
and operating nutrition projects to provide low cost, nutritionally
ber of eligible individuals will have an opportunity to participate.
sound meals and related services to individuals sixty years of age or
Provide special menus, where feasible and appropriate, to meet
older and their spouses ("eligible individuals").
particular dietary needs arising from the health requirements, re-
The bill authorizes $100 million in fiscal year 1973 and $150 million
ligious requirements, or ethnic backgrounds of eligible individ-
in fiscal year 1974 for grants to States submitting acceptable State
uals.
plan and provides for administration of the program by the Secretary
Comply with such other standards as the Secretary may pre-
of Health, Education, and Welfare through the Administration on
scribe and make available to the Secretary and the Comptroller
Aging. Funds SO appropriated are allotted to the States on the basis
General or their representatives all books, records, etc., for audit
of each State's proportionate share of the Nation's population aged
and examination.
sixty and older, except that each State (defined to include Puerto
Nutrition projects operated under this title are eligible to receive
Rico and the District of Columbia) shall receive at least one-half of
surplus commodities donated by the Secretary of Agriculture and
one percent of the sums appropriated and Guam, American Samoa,
shall use such commodities in the nutrition program insofar as prac-
the Virgin Islands, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific shall re-
ticable. At the request of one or more nutrition projects, the State
ceive at least one-fourth of one percent of the sums appropriated.
agency may purchase and distribute agricultural commodities and
Participating States must designate a single State agency having
other foods, in lieu of money, to such projects in order to achieve
responsibility for administering the nutrition program within the
economies through large volume purchases. Projects are also au-
State and for coordinating the program with other agencies provid-
thorized to contract with profit making organizations, subject to the
ing services to the elderly. The State agency shall be the agency pri-
approval of the State agency, to purchase meals or other services.
marily responsible for administering other provisions of the Older
Americans Act unless the Governor, with the approval of the Secre-
STATE ALLOCATIONS
tary, designates some other agency. States may utilize up to ten percent
of their allotment for administrative costs, which amount is subject
The following table shows the allocation, by State, of the funds au-
to the matching requirements of the bill.
thorized, in accordance with the formula provided in the bill.
Funds allotted to States are to be dispersed, by grant or contract,
to public or private non-profit institutions, organizations, agencies,
Percent
State allocations
Age
distribution
or policical subdivisions of the State which agree to establish a nutri-
60-plus
of 60-plus
Fiscal year
Fiscal year
tion project. In making grants or awarding contracts, States must give
population
population
1973
1974
preference to projects serving primarily low income individuals and
Total
28,936,791
100
$100,000,000
$150,000,000
the State plan must assure that, to the extent feasible, grants will be
1.64
awarded to projects operated by and serving the needs of minority,
1. Alabama
475,203
1,570,652
2,355,978
2. Alaska
12,197
.04
500,000
750,000
Indian, and limited English-speaking eligible individuals in propor-
3. Arizona
233,729
.81
775,748
1,163,622
4. Arkansas
334,603
1.16
1,110,948
1,666,422
tion to their numbers in the State. Recipients of a grant or contract
5. California
2,571,747
8.89
8,514,078
12,771,117
6. Colorado
266,890
.92
881,096
1,321,644
must agree to-
7. Connecticut
414,991
1.44
1,379,108
2,068,662
Establish a nutrition project with the advice of persons compe-
8. Delaware
63,815
.22
500,000
750,000
9. District of Columbia
103,713
.36
500,000
750,000
tent in the fields of nutrition and services to the elderly and of
10. Florida.
1,344,185
4.65
4,453,370
6,680,055
elderly persons who will participate in the project. Each such
11. Georgia
543,299
1.88
1,800,502
2,700,753
12. Hawaii
67,488
.23
500,000
750,000
project must provide at least one hot meal per day, five or more
13. Idaho
97,963
.34
500,000
750,000
14. Illinois
1,571,497
5.43
5,200,388
7,800,582
days per week, and each such meal must assure a minimum of one-
15. Indiana
701,393
2.42
2,317,668
3,476,502
16. Iowa
477,392
1.65
1,580,228
2,370,342
third of the daily recommended dietary allowances as established
17. Kansas
367,545
1.27
1,216,296
1,824,444
by the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of
18. Kentucky.
476,224
1.65
1,580,228
2,370,342
19. Louisiana,
449,386
1.55
1,484,456
2,226,634
Sciences, National Research Council.
20. Maine
165,124
.55
526,742
790,113
1,465,302
2,197,953
Furnish a site for the nutrition project to be located, where
21. Maryland
443,561
1.53
22. Massachusetts
888,972
3.07
2,940,182
4,410,273
feasible, in areas having a concentration of eligible individuals
23. Michigan
1,089,225
3.76
3,601,004
5,401,506
24. Minnesota
564,373
1.95
1,867,542
2,801,313
and preferably within walking distance.
25. Mississippi
320,336
1.11
1,063,062
1,594,593
Where appropriate, provide home-delivered meals to eligible
26. Missouri
783,632
2.71
2,595,406
3,893,109
27. Montana
97,171
.34
500,000
750,000
individuals who are homebound and supply transportation be-
28. Nebraska
250,396
.87
833,212
1,249,818
29. Nevada
48,844
.17
500,000
750,000
twen the project site and the residences of eligible individuals
30. New Hampshire
110,272
.38
500,000
750,000
who would otherwise be unable to participate.
31. New Jersey.
1,011,034
3.49
3,342,422
5,013,633
32. New Mexico
105,158
.36
500,000
750,000
Provide participants with supportive services such as recre-
33. New York
2,813,580
9.72
9,308,986
13,963,479
34. North Carolina
614,180
2.12
2,030,354
3,045,531
ational activities, health and welfare counselling, and informa-
35. North Dakota
93,813
.32
500,000
750,000
36. Ohio
1,426,582
4.93
4,721,530
7,082,295
tional and referral services, where they are not otherwise avail-
37. Oklahoma
421,310
1.46
1,398,262
2,097,393
able.
38. Oregon
321,207
1.11
1,063,062
1,594,593
39. Pennsylvania
1,831,564
6.33
6,062,330
9,093,495
40. Rhode Island
147,164
.51
500,000
750,000
4
5
2. Undertake permanent funding programs of daily
Percent
State allocations
Age
distribution
meal delivery service, initially consisting of at least one
60-plus
of 60-plus
Fiscal year
Fiscal year
population
population
1973
1974
meal for all the aged needing this service and desiring it,
in both urban and rural locations emphasizing the impor-
4
41. South Carolina
286,272
.99
948,136
1,422,204
tance of the values of eating in group settings where pos-
42. South Dakota
109,740
.38
500,000
750,000
3. Tennessee
555,977
1.92
1,838,810
2,758,215
sible. This service may be provided in restaurants, insti-
44. Texas
1,436,955
4.97
4,759,838
7,139,757
45. Utah
112,540
.39
500,000
750,000
tutions or other suitable sites for the well aged or at home
46. Vermont
66,453
.23
500,000
750,000
for the homebound.
47. Virginia
538,034
1.86
1,781,348
2,672,022
48. Washington
460,089
1.59
1,522,766
2,284,149
49. West Virginia
278,969
.96
919,406
1,379,109
Similarly, the report of President Nixon's Task Force on Aging
50. Wisconsin
661,349
2.29
2,193,166
3,289,749
(April, 1970) concluded that:
51. Wyoming
43,730
.15
500,000
750,000
52. American Samoa
1,029
250,000
375,000
In examining the incidence of malnutrition among the
53. Guam
2,550
.01
250,000
375,000
54. Puerto Rico
258,661
.89
852,366
1,278,549
elderly, the Task Force concluded that insufficient income was
55. Trust Territory
5,045
.02
250,000
375,000
56. Virgin Islands
3,630
01
250,000
375,000
only one of several causes. The lonely older person who can
afford an adequate diet but does not eat properly; the older
person who finds going to the store too great a burden: the
NEED FOR THE BILL
older person who is nutritionally ignorant; the chronically ill
Hunger and malnutrition in America result generally from an in-
older person unable to prepare a hot meal-all are part of the
adequate income and/or a lack of nutritional knowledge. Among the
problem. The Task Force believes that programs can be de-
aged, 25 to 30 percent of whom live in poverty, these factors are im-
signed which, not only provide adequate nutrition to older
portant contributors to malnutrition.
persons, but equally important combat their loneliness, chan-
But the aged also face other problems. Lack of physical mobility or
nel them into the community, educate them about proper
of transportation may impair their ability to shop for food. Those
nutrition, and afford some of them an opportunity for paid
who live in rented rooms may not have cooking and refrigeration fa-
community service.
cilities. And there are important social and psychological considera-
The President's Task Force recommended that
tions. Those elderly people who live alone and are isolated from fam-
We, therefore, recommend that the President direct the
ily and friends simply may lack the motivation to prepare adequate
Administration on Aging and the Department of Agriculture
meals for themselves. The loneliness and sense of alienation of single
to develop a program of technical assistance and, when neces-
elderly persons removes the incentive to plan and prepare nutritious
sary, financial assistance, to local groups SO that such groups
meals. These factors combine to produce a way of life which incor-
can provide daily meals to ambulatory older persons in group
porates malnutrition and persistent physical and mental deterioration.
settings and to shut-ins at home.
In recognition of these conditions, the Panel on Aging of the White
House Conference on Food, Nutrition, and Health recommended in
While there is a scattering of nutrition programs for the elderly
1969 that:
across the country conducted by private groups, these efforts fall far
short of the measures recommended by the White House Conference
The U.S. government, having acknowledged the right of
on Food. Nutrition, and Health and the President's Task Force on
every resident to adequate health and nutrition, must now ac-
Aging. For example, Dr. Douglas Holmes, director of the Center for
cept its obligation to provide the opportunity for adequate
Community Research in New York, conducted a survey of meal pro-
nutrition to every aged resident. Immediate attention must
grams serving the elderly homebound throughout the United States
be given to developing a new system of food delivery based on
and discovered some 349 programs serving only 10,000 to 12,000 per-
modern technical capability by which meals supplying a sub-
sons. Dr. Holmes testified as follows with respect to the problems of
stantial proportion of nutrient requirements can be distrib-
reliance on private groups with private funding for the operation of
uted to the aged through restaurants, institutions and private
such programs:
homes when this is necessary. Regional, urban and cultural
differences in the United States will require that a variety of
Experience has shown that programs for the aged are defi-
systems may be necessary to accomplish this goal.
cit operations. This is particularly true in such as nutrition
The Administration on Aging within the Department of
programs, in which there are considerable costs associated
Health, Education, and Welfare and the Department of Agri-
with the delivery of services. Despite many efforts to develop
culture should begin at once to implement a variety of meal
local, private support for nutrition programs, it appears most
delivery systems in the following ways:
doubtful that such programs can be maintained by most agen-
cies without public support. Objective research data vali-
dates the utility of such programs; yet their continuation is
unlikely within the budgetary framework of most private
agencies.
6
7
The beginnings of a permanent national nutrition program for the
The provision of meals in group setting is a highly de-
elderly, funded largely by the Federal Government, can be traced to
sirable approach because it fosters social interaction, facili-
1968, when Congress first earmarked funds appropriated under title IV
tates the delivery of other services and meets emotional needs
of the Older Americans Act for a special research and demonstration
of the aged, while improving their nutrition.
program to improve nutritional services for our older citizens. The
Cost estimates based on the current title IV nutrition projects vary
Administration on Aging complied with the congressional directive by
considerably. The Administration on Aging calculates that, on an av-
establishing a total of 32 group meal projects which, at their peak,
erage, each meal costs about $1.52 in an urban area, including the cost
served an average of 49,000 meals per month to an average of 3,200
of food preparation and administration, and the cost of supportive
persons each month.
services raises the total per meal cost to $2.32. One New York project
Twenty-one of the research and demonstration projects were in op-
reported a cost of $1.10 to $1.15 per meal.
eration as of the time of the hearings on this bill in September 1971
For the most part, participants in the title IV projects made some
(three of them continuing solely on private funds after the expiration
payment for each meal, generally $0.50 to $0.65. The bill reported by
of the Federal grant), the remainder having concluded the 3-year
the committee permits such a charge to be made, both to lessen the
course originally allotted them or having otherwise been terminated.
cost of the program and because it has been found desirable from the
Despite the appeals of the participants in the remaining programs,
standpoint of elderly participants to make some contribution toward
committee was pleased at the administration's announcement that
they too were scheduled to end in the latter part of 1971; hence, the
the cost of the meal, wherever possible, to enhance feelings of inde-
pendence and remove the stigma of charity. Under the Committee
the 21 existing projects would be continued for another year, at a cost
bill, if in a local project it is desired to levy such charges, then these
of $1.7 million. It is unfortunate, however, that no new funds for an
charges must be in line with guidelines of the Secretary.
additional year of operation were requested in the budget, nor were
any appropriated, and the necessary amount was siphoned off by the
PRINCIPAL PROVISIONS
administration from other items in the Social and Rehabilitation
Services research and training appropriations.
AUTHORIZATION
The title IV nutrition projects were established as pilot projects,
were designed to serve small numbers of individuals, and have had
A two-year authorization is provided by the Committee SO as to
limited budgets. Because of their research and demonstration charac-
permit an opportunity for evaluation of the nutrition projects by the
ter, their operations (and costs) have varied from one to another in
Congress at an early date. Section 706(a) (9) requires that the nutri-
some degree. Nevertheless, all of the projects have certain common
tion projects provide an opportunity for evaluation of the effective-
features, all of which have been incorporated in S. 1163:
ness, feasibility, and cost of the projects and the Committee expects
(1) A vigorous outreach program aimed at locating elderly
that the Administration on Aging and the appropriate state agencies
citizens who might benefit from nutrition services, informing
will work with the project operators to acquire the necessary data and
them of the availability of the project, and assisting them in
analyses for this purpose SO that they will be available to Congress.
The authorization covers fiscal years 1973 and 1974. Based on testi-
taking advantage of it.
(2) Group meals in a social setting at sites located at schools,
mony given at the hearings on the bill and data obtained from the
churches, senior centers, and so forth, within 1 mile or less from
title IV research and demonstration projects, the Committee has de-
the residences of 65 percent of all participants, and within three
termined that substantial funding for this program is warranted.
blocks of a third of them, according to a national survey of such
Accordingly, the authorization figures have been set at $100 million
in fiscal year 1973 and $150 million in fiscal year 1974.
projects. (3) Nutrition education, ranging from informal discussions
following meals to individual dietary counseling and assistance
ALLOCATION FORMULA
in shopping.
S. 1163 as reported contains an equitable allocation formula which
(4) Ancillary services, whether services conducted directly
insures a fair minimum for small states. Under the formula the basic
within the project such as recreation, or referral to other agencies
distribution of funds is according to population aged sixty and over,
for health services, counseling services, and SO forth.
but no state (including Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia)
(5) Evaluation of the impact of project activities on partici-
will receive less than one-half of one percent of the sums appropri-
pant's lives and the cost of providing meals and other services
ated.
under a variety of arrangements.
ELIGIBILITY
The data obtained from the research and demonstration projects
over the last 3 years weighs heavily in favor of the conclusion that
Any minimum age limitation applied to participants is perforce
the projects have been enormously successful. Although the Adminis-
arbitrary. Nonetheless, the Committee determined on the basis of evi-
tration on Aging has yet to complete a final report on these projects,
dence before it with respect to this bill, and other evidence that it has
its preliminary evaluation reports that:
considered relating to the problems of the elderly, that an age limit
9
8
DELIVERY OF MEALS AND TRANSPORTATION OF PARTICIPANTS
of sixty is more reasonable than age sixty-five. The establishment of
this lower age limit recognizes a trend toward earlier retirement, and
The bill authorizes nutrition projects, where appropriate, to furnish
the existence of age discrimination which imposes early retirement
home delivered meals to eligible individuals. There is ample evidence
upon those who might otherwise be willing to work. Since the typical
of need for greatly expanded nutrition services for the home-bound,
age for qualifying for pensions is sixty-five, the inclusion of the group
and the benefits of such programs have been well demonstrated. To the
between sixty and sixty-five in this program extends the coverage to
extent that elderly persons can maintain themselves in their own homes
many people who are not able to work, for any one of a number of
with such supportive services-including nutrition-as may be neces-
reasons, but who have not yet qualified for a pension. From 1968 to
sary, they can lead happier lives as near self-sufficient persons without
1970, poverty among persons aged 60 to 64 increased by 100,000 ac-
the great costs and individual trauma involved in confinement to an
cording to a recent report of the Senate Special Committee on Aging.
institution.
This group of so-called "younger" aged persons includes a large num-
By the same token, many elderly persons are capable of leaving their
ber of widows many of whom live alone, who have never worked, and
homes to obtain the benefits of participation in a nutrition project but
who have neither the desire nor the skills with which to compete in the
cannot obtain transportation to do so. For this reason, the bill provides
labor market.
that such projects shall be located within walking distance of a concen-
Accordingly the bill provides for participation in nutrition projects
tration of older persons where feasible. The Committee recognizes that
of individuals who are aged 60 or over and who meet one or more of a
such a convenient location may not always be possible, especially in
number of conditions described in the Statement of Purpose of the
rural areas, and has therefore also authorized the projects to transport
bill. Under the bill, spouses of such individuals are also eligible for
participants between their residences and the project site.
participation in the nutrition project. The Committee wishes to make
In the case of both the delivery of meals to the home and the trans-
clear that such spouses' eligibility is not conditioned on age or upon
portation of participants, the Committee has left the decision to the
meeting the conditions set forth in the Statement of Purpose and
project operators as to the extent to which the limited funds available
Findings.
shall be devoted to these purposes. It may be that a particular nutri-
VOLUNTARY PARTICIPATION
tion project can most efficiently use its resources by providing meals at
a central location without any delivery or transportation. On the other
The Committee believes that widespread local involvement in the
hand, some projects, and especially those in rural areas, may find that
various nutrition projects to be funded under this new program is de-
the needs of elderly persons in their communities can best be met
sirable. Such voluntary participation on the part of local citizens will
through a larger emphasis on delivering meals to the homebound and/
bring the elderly into contact with members of the community of dif-
or transporting individuals to a central site for meals.
ferent age groups. Accordingly, the Committee amended the bill to
encourage voluntary participation by persons in the community, in-
SPECIAL DIETARY NEEDS AND HABITS
cluding high school and college students.
The experience of the pilot nutrition projects conducted by the Ad-
PREFERENCES IN ESTABLISHING PROJECTS
ministration on Aging demonstrates the difficulties involved in at-
tempting to change the well established dietary habits of older persons.
The nutrition program established by this bill is neither designed
It is unreasonable to expect an older person to accept enthusiastically
as, nor intended to be, an income maintenance program. In addition to
a nutrition program which sets before him foods that are totally for-
providing nutritious meals for the elderly, it aims at overcoming prob-
eign to him. Moreover older persons commonly have physical condi-
lems related to social isolation and bringing to the elderly a variety
tions which dictate the kinds of foods that they may eat-or can chew.
of other related social services. Accordingly, no income limitation is
Accordingly, the bill requires nutrition projects, where feasible and
established in the bill.
appropriate, to meet the particular dietary needs arising from the
However, all of these problems are particularly acute among elderly
health requirements, religious requirements, or ethnic backgrounds of
persons who have low incomes or whose racial or ethnic backgrounds
participants.
accentuate their isolation from society. Therefore, the bill provides
It is not intended that special menus be prepared for each individual.
that the States, in awarding grants for nutrition projects, must give
But there are broad categories of personal preference and individual
preference to those serving primarily low income individuals and, to
need that can be accommodated feasibly, even in a group meal setting.
the extent feasible, grants are to be awarded to projects operated by
Further, projects are expected to include a nutrition education com-
and serving the needs of minority, Indian, and limited English-speak-
ponent to inform the participants of the importance of a nutritionally
ing individuals in proportion to their numbers in the state. This is not
adequate diet and to encourage them to adopt more beneficial eating
to say any exact mathematical formula must be applied to the making
habits.
of grants or the allocation of funds within a state. It is intended, how-
ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS
ever, that special attention be given to eligible individuals with low
incomes and that the members of the particular groups named are to
Too often, the limited funds available for programs of this kind are
be given a reasonable opportunity to participate in the program.
eaten up by excessive administrative costs. The bill allows the States
H. Rept. 92-726 0-2
10
11
to retain funds from the State allocation for such costs but encourages
COST ESTIMATES
the States to minimize administrative costs and, in any case, limits
the States to using a maximum of ten percent of the State's allotment
In accordance with Clause 7 of Rule 13 of the Rules of the House,
for this purpose (unless the Secretary specifically authorizes a larger
the committee estimates that the costs which would be incurred in
amount). Section 703 provides that the State's allotment be avail-
carrying out this bill in fiscal years 1973 and 1974 would be $100 mil-
able for "grants to pay up to ninety percent of the costs of projects."
lion and $150 million, respectively.
The Committee intends that the cost of administration of the State
plan under this title be considered to be one of the "costs of the proj-
SECTION-BY-SECTION ANALYSIS
ects" within the meaning of that phrase as used in section 703 (c) of
the bill, as reported, and that these funds from its allotment be matched
Section 1. Amends the Older Americans Act of 1964 by redesignat-
by ten percent, or more, from non-Federal sources, just as funds from
ing Title VII as Title VIII and by redesignating Section 701 through
its allotment which are used for project grants are required to be
705 of that Act as Section 801 through 805, respectively.
matched.
Section 2. Adds new Title VII to the Older Americans Act of 1965
as follows:
DISTRIBUTION OF FOOD BY STATE AGENCIES
FINDINGS AND PURPOSES
Section 703 (e) provides that a State agency designated to adminis-
ter the nutrition program may, upon the request of "one or more
SEC. 701. Congress finds that demonstration nutrition projects con-
recipients of a grant or contract, purchase agricultural commodities
ducted under Title IV of the Older Americans Act have demon-
and other foods to be provided to such nutrition projects" assisted
strated the need for permanent nationwide nutrition projects to meet
under Section 703. The Committee intends that the cost of such agri-
the nutritional needs of older citizens of age sixty and more who suf-
cultural commodities and other foods be paid out of the amount which
fer from poor nutrition and/or social isolation because of a number
the recipient is entitled to receive under its grant or contract. For
of factors inhibiting their consumption of nourishing and well bal-
example, if one or more grantees requests that the State agency pur-
anced meals.
chase certain foods and/or agricultural commodities in bulk for their
These established needs give rise to this legislation to provide older
nutrition projects, the cost of such foods would be deducted from the
Americans, (particularly those with low incomes) with low cost, nu-
amount which the recipients would otherwise have received as cash
tritionally sound meals served in strategically located centers such as
payments. The Committee emphasizes that the State agencies may not,
schools, churches, community centers, senior citizen centers, and other
of their own initiative, determine that funds received as a part of the
public or private non-profit institutions where participants can also ob-
State's allotment shall be used to purchase agricultural commodities
tain other social and rehabilitative services in addition to meals.
for nutrition projects. Such purchases and distribution may be made
only at the request of one or more nutrition projects within the state
ADMINISTRATION
seeking to take advantage of the State's buying power and the econ-
omies of volume purchasing. Moreover, the Secretary is authorized to
SEC. 702.-Authorizes and requires the Secretary of Health, Educa-
monitor such purchases by requiring reports, as he may prescribe,
tion, and Welfare to administer the nutrition program provided herein
covering them.
through the Administration on Aging; to consult and cooperate with
AUTHORITY OF THE SECRETARY
other agencies of the federal government; to use the services person-
nel, and facilities of other agencies on a mutually agreeable basis; and
Language throughout the bill gives the Secretary broad authority to
to provide consultation, technical assistance and short term training
monitor and regulate the operation of nutrition projects. Thus, Section
to agencies eligible to operate nutritional projects; and to prepare and
703(c) provides that the allotment to a State shall be available to pay
publish information related to such projects.
up to ninety percent of the cost of nutrition projects operated in the
State, "but only to the extent that such costs are both reasonable and
ALLOTMENT OF FUNDS
necessary for the conduct of such projects, as determined by the Secre-
tary in accordance with criteria prescribed by him in regulations." The
SEC. -Establishes a formula for allotment of appropriated
Secretary is further authorized, in Section 706 (11) to prescribe
funds to the states on the basis of each state's proportionate share of
standards "to assure the high quality of the nutrition project and its
the nation's population aged sixty and older, except that each state
general effectiveness in attaining the objections of this title." Both the
(defined to include Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia) shall
Secretary and Comptroller General are granted authority to examine
receive at least one-half of one percent of the sums appropriated and
books and records of a nutrition project for the purpose of review and
Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, and the Trust Territory
audit. And the Secretary is further authorized, as a part of his general
of the Pacific shall receive at least one-fourth of one percent of the
authority with respect to State plans, to review any agreements with
sums appropriated.
profit-making organizations that may be made by nutrition projects.
12
13
(b).-Provides for reallotment of any portion of a state's allotment
and limited English-speaking eligible individuals in proportion
which the Secretary determines will not be required for that state
to their numbers in the state.
during the year.
(b).-Requires the Secretary to approve state plans meeting the
(c).-Makes funds allotted to the states available to pay up to
requirements and purposes of this Act.
ninety percent of the cost of nutrition projects operated within the
).-Authorizes the Secretary, subject to reasonable notice and
state to the extent that the Secretary determines that such costs are
opportunity for hearing to the state agency, to terminate payments
reasonable and necessary for the conduct of such projects and pro-
to such agency, in whole or in part, when the Secretary finds that
vides that any allotment to a state must be matched by ten percent, or
the state plan no longer conforms to the requirements of this title or
more, as the case may be, from funds or in-kind resourecs from non-
when, in the administration of the plan, there has been a failure to
federal sources.
comply with requirements established by the Secretary or by law.
(d).-Authorizes the Secretary, in case any state fails to qualify
(d).-Grants a state the right of judicial review in the event of the
under the state plan requirements, to disperse that state's allotment
Secretary's disapproval of its state plan or the termination of pay-
directly to any public or private non-profit institution or organization,
ments under a previously approved plan.
agency, or political subdivision of such state submitting an approved
plan.
NUTRITION AND OTHER PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS
(e).-Authorizes states to purchase and distribute agricultural com-
modities and other food to nutrition projects within the state, in lieu
Section 06(a).-Provides for dispersal by the state agency of
of funds, upon the request of such projects.
funds allotted to it to recipients of grants or contracts who agree-
(1) To establish a nutrition project which provides at least
PAYMENT OF GRANTS
one hot meal per day, five or more days per week, each of which
assures a minimum of one-third of the recommended daily dietary
Section 704.-Set out the manner in which the Secretary shall pay
allowances;
grants to the states.
(2) To provide such nutrition projects for eligible individuals
STATE PLANS
described in one or more of the clauses in Section 701 and defined
as those aged sixty or over and their spouses.
Section 5(a).-Requires an approved state plan, which plan
(3) To furnish a site for such project to be located, where
shall-
feasible, in areas having a concentration of eligible individuals
(1) Designate a single state agency to administer the nutrition
and preferably within walking distance and, when appropriate,
program, which agency shall be the agency designated pursuant
to furnish transportation to such site or deliver meals to eligible
to Title III of this Act unless the Governor, with the approval
home-bound individuals.
of the Secretary, designates another agency.
(4) To authorize methods of outreach that will assure the
(2) (A) Establish policies and procedures to assure that funds
maximum number of eligible individuals will have an opportun-
allotted to the state will be used to pay up to ninety percent of the
ity to participate.
cost of providing meals and related services, including trans-
(5) To provide special menus, where feasible and appropriate,
portation, to persons aged sixty or older, for which a per meal
to meet the particular dietary needs arising from the health re-
charge to participants may be imposed pursuant to guidelines
quirements, religious requirements or ethnic backgrounds of eligi-
established by the Secretary.
ble individuals.
(B) Provide for the administration of the state plan at the
(6) To provide participants with supportive services such as
least possible cost, not to exceed ten percent of the state's allotment
recreational activities, health and welfare counseling, and infor-
(which amount is subject to the ten percent matching require-
mational and referral services, where they are not otherwise
ments) and further provides for such reports and records as the
available.
Secretary may require, including assurances that such fiscal con-
(7) To provide necessary training of personnel.
trol and accounting procedures will be adopted as may be neces-
(8) To utilize the advice of persons competent in the fields of
sary to assure proper dispersement of, and accounting for, federal
nutrition and services to the elderly.
funds paid to the state, and by the state to nutrition projects.
(9) To provide an opportunity to evaluate the project.
(3) Limits the Secretary's authority with respect to the selec-
(10) To give preference to persons aged sixty or older in em-
tion, tenure of office, and compensation of any individual em-
ployment.
ployed in accordance with a merit system.
(11) To comply with such other standards as the Secretary
(4) Provide that preference shall be given in awarding grants
may prescribe.
to projects serving primarily low-income individuals and pro-
(b).-Gives the Secretary and the Comptroller General or their
vide assurances that, to the extent feasible, grants will be awarded
representatives access to all pertinent books, papers, etc. for audit and
to projects operated by and serving the needs of minority, Indian,
examination.
14
15
SURPLUS COMMODITIES
psychological, social, and economic changes that occur with aging
result in a pattern of living, which causes malnutrition and further
Section 707.-Makes nutrition projects eligible recipients of surplus
physical and mental deterioration.
commodities donated by the Secretary of Agriculture under terms
(b) In addition to the food stamp program, commodity distribution
and conditions prescribed by the Secretary of Agriculture and re-
systems and old-age income benefits, there is an acute need for a na-
quires the use of such commodities insofar as practicable.
tional policy which provides older Americans, particularly those with
low incomes, with low cost, nutritionally sound meals served in strate-
APPROPRIATIONS AUTHORIZED
gically located centers such as schools, churches, community centers,
senior citizen centers, and other public or private nonprofit institu-
Section 708.-Authorizes the appropriation of $100 million for
tions whereby they can obtain other social and rehabilitative services.
fiscal year 1973 and $150 million for fiscal year 1974 and, in addition,
Besides promoting better health among the older segment of our
such sums as may be necessary for the administrative expenses under
population through improved nutrition, such a program would reduce
this title of the Administration on Aging; makes all such sums avail-
the isolation of old age, offering older Americans an opportunity to
able for expenditure in the fiscal year succeeding the year for which
live their remaining years in dignity.
they were appropriated.
ADMINISTRATION
RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER LAWS
Sec. 702. (a) In order to effiectively carry out the purposes of this
title, the Secretary shall-
Section 709.-Provides that benefits received under this program
(1) administer the program through the Administration on
shall not be treated as income for purpose of any other program or
Aging; and
provisions of state or Federal law.
(2) consult with the Secretary of Agriculture and make full
utilization of the Food and Nutrition Service, and other existing
MISCELLANEOUS
services of the Department of Agriculture.
Section 710.-Authorizes nutrition projects to enter into agreements
(b) In carrying out the provisions of this title, the Secretary is au-
with profit-making organizations to carry out the provisions of this
thorized to request the technical assistance and cooperation of the De-
title, subject to the approval of the state agency.
partment of Labor, the Office of Ecomonic Opportunity, the Depart-
ment of Housing and Urban Development, the Department of Trans-
CHANGES IN EXISTING LAW MADE BY THE BILL, As REPORTED
portation, and such other departments and agencies of the Federal
Government as may be appropriate.
In compliance with clause 3 of Rule XIII of the Rules of the House
(c) The Secretary is authorized to use, with their consent, the serv-
of Representatives, changes in existing law made by the bill, as re-
ices, equipment, personnel, and facilities of Federal and other agencies
ported, are shown as follows (existing law proposed to be omitted is
with or without reimbursement, and on a similar basis to cooperate
enclosed in black brackets, new matter is printed in italics, existing
with other public and private agencies and instrumentalities in the
law in which no change is proposed is shown in roman)
use of services, equipment, personnel, and facilities.
(d) In carrying out the purposes of this title, the Secretary is au-
OLDER AMERICANS ACT OF 1965
thorized to provide consultative services and technical assistance to
any public or private nonprofit institution or organization, agency, or
political subdivision of a State; to provide short-term training and
technical instruction; and to collect, prepare, publish, and disseminate
TITLE VII-NUTRITION PROGRAM FOR THE ELDERLY
special educational or informational materials, including reports of the
FINDINGS AND PURPOSE
projects for which funds are provided under this title.
SEC. 701. (a) The Congress finds that the research and development
ALLOTMENT OF FUNDS
nutrition projects for the elderly conducted under title IV of the Older
Sec. 703. (a) (1) From the sums appropriated for any fiscal year
Americans Act have demonstrated the effectiveness of, and the need
under section 708, each State shall be allotted an amount which bears
for, permanent nationwide projects to assist in meeting the nutritional
the same ratio to such sum as the population aged 60 or over in such
and social needs of millions of persons aged sixty or older. M any
State bears to the population aged 60 or over in all States, except that
elderly persons do not eat adequately because (1) they cannot afford to
(A) no State shall be allotted less than one-half of 1 per centum of
do so; (2) they lack the skills to select and prepare nourishing and
the sum appropriated for the fiscal year for which the determination is
well-balanced meals; (3) they have limited mobility which may impair
made; and (B) Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, and the
their capacity to shop and cook for themselves; and (4) they have
feelings of rejection and loneliness which obliterate the incentive nec-
Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands shall each be allotted an amount
essary to prepare and eat a meal alone. These and other physiological,
equal to one-fourth of 1 per centum of the sum appropriated for the
fiscal year for which the determination is made. For the purpose of the
16
17
exception contained in this paragraph, the term "State" does not in-
STATE PLANS
clude Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, and the Trust
Territory of the Pacific Islands.
Sec. 705. (a) Any State which desires to receive allotments under
(2) The number of persons aged 60 or over in any State and for all
this title shall submit to the Secretary for approval a State plan for
States shall be determined by the Secretary on the basis of the most
purposes of this title which, in the case of a State agency designated
satisfactory data available to him.
pursuant to section 303 of this Act, shall be in the form of an amend-
(b) The amount of any State's allotment under subsection (a) for
ment to the State plan provided in section 303. Such plan shall-
any fiscal year which the Secretary determines will not be required for
(1) establish or designate a single State agency as the sole
that year shall be reallotted, from time to time and on such dates during
agency for administering or supervising the administration of
such year as the ,Secretary may fix, to other States in proportion to the
the plan and coordinating operations under the plan with other
original allotments to such States under subsection (a) for that year,
agencies providing services to the elderly, which agency shall be
but with such proportionate amount for any of such other States being
the agency designated pursuant to section 303 (1) of this Act,
reduced to the extent it exceeds the sum the Secretary estimates such
unless the Governor of such State shall, with the approval of the
State needs and will be able to use for such year; and the total of such
Secretary, designate another agency;
reductions shall be similarly reallotted among the States whose propor-
(2) sets forth such policies and procedures as will provide satis-
tionate amounts were not so reduced. Such reallotments shall be made
factory assurnace that allotments paid to the State under the
on the basis of the State plan so approved, after taking into considera-
provisions of this title will be expended-
tion the population aged sixty or over. Any amount realloted to a State
(A) to make grants in cash or in kind to any public or pri-
under this subsection during a year shall be deemed part of its allot-
vate nonprofit institution or organization, agency, or political
ment under subsection (a) for that year.
subdivision of a State (referred to herein as 'recipient of a
(c) The allotment of any State under subsection (a) for any fiscal
grant or contract)
year shall be available for grants to pay up to 90 per centum of the
(i) to carry out the program as described in section 706.
costs of projects in such State described in section 706 and approved
(ii) to provide up to 90 per centum of the costs of the
by such State in accordance with its State plan approved
purchase and preparation of the food; delivery of the
under section 705, but only to the extent that such costs are both reason-
meals; and such other reasonable expenses as may be in-
able and necessary for the conduct of such projects, as determined by
curred in providing nutrition services to persons aged
the Secretary in accordance with criteria prescribed by him in regula-
sixty or over. Recipients of grants or contracts may
tions. Such allotments to any State in any fiscal year shall be made
charge participating individuals for meals furnished pur-
upon the condition that the Federal allotment will be matched during
suant to guidelines established by the Secretary, taking
each fiscal year by 10 per centum, or more, as the case may be, from
into consideration the income ranges of eligible individ-
funds or in kind resources from non-Federal sources.
uals in local communities and other sources of income of
(d) If the Secretary finds that any State has failed to qualify
the recipients of a grant or a contract.
under the State plan requirements of section 705, the Secretary shall
(iii) to provide up to 90 per centum of the costs of
withhold the allotment of funds to such State referred to in subsection
such supporting services as may be necessary in each
(a). The Secretary shall disburse the funds so withheld directly to
instance, such as the costs of related social services and,
any public or private nonprofit institution or organization, agency,
where appropriate, the costs of transportation between
or political subdivision of such State submitting an approved plan
the project site and the residences of eligible individuals
in accordance with the provisions of section 705, including the require-
who could not participate in the project in the absence
ment that any such payment or payments shall be matched in the
of such transportation, to the extent such costs are not
proportion specified in subsection (c) for such State, by funds or in
through other Federal, State, or local programs.
kind resources from non-Federal sources.
(B) to provide for the proper and efficient administration
(e) The State agency may, upon the request of one or more recipients
of the State plan at the least possible administrative cost, not
of a grant or contract, purchase agricultural commodities and other
to exceed an amount equal to 10 per centum of the amount
foods to be provided to such nutrition projects assisted under this
allotted to the State unless a greater amount in any fiscal year
part. The Secretary may require reports from State agencies, in such
is approved by the Secretary. In administering the State
form and detail as he may prescribe, concerning requests by recipients
plan, the State agency shall-
of grants or contracts for the purchase of such agricultural commodi-
(i) make reports, in such form and containing such
ties and other foods, and action taken thereon.
information, as the Secretary may require to carry out
his functions under this title, including reports of par-
PAYMENT OF GRANTS
ticipation by the groups specified in subsection (4) of
Sec. 704. Payments pursuant to grants or contracts under this title
this section; and keep such records and afford such access
may be made in installments, and in advance or by way of reimburse-
thereto as the Secretary may find necessary to assure the
ment, with necessary adjustments on account of overpayments or un-
correctness and verification of such reports and proper
derpayments, as the Secretary may determine.
disbursement of Federal funds under this title, and
18
19
(ii) provide satisfactory assurance that such fiscal
Secretary may thereupon make new or modified findings of fact and
control and fund accounting procedures will be adopted
may modify his previous action, and shall certify to the court the rec-
as may be necessary to assure proper disbursement of, and
ord of the further proceedings. Such new or modified findings of fact
accounting for, Federal funds paid under this title to the
shall likewise be conclusive if supported by substantial evidence.
State, including any such funds paid by the State to the
(3) The court shall have jurisdiction to affirm the action of the
recipient of a grant or contract.
Secretary or to set it aside, in whole or in part. The judgment of the
(3) provide such methods of administration (including methods
court shall be subject to review by the Supreme Court of the United
relating to the establishment and maintenance of personnal stand-
States upon certiorari or certification as provided in section 1254 of
ards on a merit basis, except that the Secretary shall exercise no
title 28, United States Code.
authority with respect to the selection, tenure of office, and com-
pensation of any individual employed in accordance with such
NUTRITION AND OTHER PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS
methods) as are necessary for the proper and efficient operation of
SEC. 706. (a) Funds allotted to any State during any fiscal year
the plan.
pursuant to section 703 shall be disbursed by the State agency to
(4) provide that preference shall be given in awarding grants
recipients of grants or contracts who agree-
to carry out the purposes of this title to projects serving primarily
(1) to establish a project (referred to herein as a "nutrition
low-income individuals and provide assurances that, to the extent
project") which, five or more days per week, provides at least one
feasible, grants will be awarded to projects operated by and serv-
hot meal per day and any additional meals, hot or cold, which the
ing the needs of minority, Indian, and limited English-speaking
recipient of a grant or contract may elect to provide, each of which
eligible indivuals in proportion to their numbers in the State.
assures a minimum of one-third of the daily recommended dietary
(b) The Secretary shall approve any State plan which he deter-
allowances as established by the Food and Nutrition Board of the
mines meets the requirements and purposes of this section.
National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council;
(c) Whenever the Secretary, subject to reasonable notice and oppor-
(2) to provide such nutrition project for individuals aged
tunity for hearing to such State agency, finds (1) that the State plan
sixty or over who meet the specifications set forth in clauses (1),
has been so changed that it no longer complies with the provisions of
(2), (3), or (4) of section 701 (a) and their spouses (referred to
this title, or (2) that in the administration of the plan there is a fail-
herein as "eligible individuals");
ure to comply substantially with any such provision or with any re-
(3) to furnish a site for such nutrition project in as close prox-
quirements set forth in the application of a recipient of a grant or
imity to the majority of eligible individuals' residences as feasible,
contract approved pursuant to such plan, the Secretary shall notify
such as a school or a church, preferably within walking distance
such State agency that further payments will not be made to the State
where possible and, where appropriate, to furnish transportation
under the provisions of this title (or in his discretion, that further
to such site or home-delivered meals to eligible individuals who
payments to the State will be limited to programs or projects under the
are home-bound:
State plan, or portions thereof, not affected by the failure, or that the
(4) to utilize methods of administration, including outreach,
State agency shall not make further payments under this part to speci-
which will assure that the maximum number of eligible individ-
fied local agencies affected by the failure) until he is satisfied that there
uals may have an opportunity to participate in such nutrition
is no longer any such failure to comply. Until he is so satisfied, the
project;
Secretary shall make no further payments to the State under this title,
(5) to provide special menus, where feasible and appropriate,
or shall limit payments to recipients of grants or contracts under, or
to meet the particular dietary needs arising from the health re-
parts of, the State plan not affected by the failure or payments to the
quirements, religious requirements or ethnic backgrounds of
State agency under this part shall be limited to recipients of grants
eligible individuals;
or contracts not affected by the failure, as the case may be.
(6) to provide a setting conducive to expanding the nutrition
(d) (1) If any State is dissatisfied with the Secretary's final action
project and to include, as a part of such project, recreational ac-
with respect to the approval of its State plan submitted under subsec-
tivities, informational, health and welfare counseling and referral
tion (a), or with respect to termination of payments in whole or in
services, where such services are not otherwise available;
part under subsection (c), such State may, within sixty days after
(7) to include such training as may be necessary to enable the
notice of such action, file with the United States court of appeals for
personnel to carry out the provisions of this title;
the circuit in which such State is located a petition for review of that
(8) to establish and administer the nutrition project with the
action. A copy of the petition shall be forthwith transmitted by the
advice of persons competent in the field of service in which the
clerk of the court to the Secretary. The Secretary thereupon shall file
nutrition program is being provided, of elderly persons who will
in the court the record of the proceeding on which he based his action,
themselves participate in the program and of persons who are
as provided in section 2112 of title 28, United States Code.
knowledgeable with regard to the needs of elderly persons;
(2) The findings of fact by the Secretary, if supported by substan-
(9) to provide an opportunity to evaluate the eff ectiveness,
tial evidence, shall be conclusive; but the Court, for good cause shown,
feasibility, and cost of each particular type of such project;
may remand the case to the Secretary to take further evidence, and the
20
21
(10) to give preference to persons aged sixty or over for any
MISCELLANEOUS
staff positions, full- or part-time, for which such persons qualify
SEC. 710. None of the provisions of this title shall be construed
and to encourage the voluntary participation of other groups,
to prevent a recipient of a grant or a contract from entering into an
such as college and high school students, in the operation of the
agreement, subject to the approval of the State agency, with a profit-
project; and
making organization to carry out the provisions of this title and of
(11) to comply with such other standards as the Secretary may
the appropriate State plan.
by regulation prescribe in order to assure the high quality of the
nutrition project and its general effectiveness in attaining the ob-
TITLE [VII] VIII-GENERAL
jectives of this title.
(b) The Secretary and the Comptroller General of the United
ADVISORY COMMITTEES
States or any of their duly authorized representatives shall have ac-
cess for the purpose of audit and examination to any books, documents,
SEC. [701] 801. (a) (1) For the purpose of advising the Secretary
papers, and records that are pertinent to a grant or contract received
of Health, Education, and Welfare on matters bearing on his respon-
under this title.
sibilities under this Act and related activities of his Department,
SURPLUS COMMODITIES
there is hereby established in the Department of Health, Education,
Sec. 707. (a) Each recipient of a grant or contract shall, insofar
and Welfare an Advisory Committee on Older Americans, consisting
as practicable, utilize in its nutrition project commodities designated
of the Commissioner, who shall be Chairman, and fifteen persons not
from time to time by the Secretary of Agriculture as being in abun-
otherwise in the regular full-time employ of the United States, ap-
dance, either nationally or in the local area, or commodities donated
pointed by the Secretary without regard to the civil service laws.
by the Secretary of Agriculture. Commodities purchased under the
Members shall be selected from among persons who are experienced
authority of section 32 of the Act of August 24, 1935 (49 Stat. 774),
in or have demonstrated particular interest in special problems of the
as amended, may be donated by the ,Secretary of Agriculture to the
aging.
recipient of a grant or contract, in accordance with the needs as deter-
(2) Each member of the Committee shall hold office for a term of
mined by the recipient of a grant or contract, for utilization in the
three years, except that (A) any member appointed to fill a vacancy
nutritional program under this title. The ,Secretary of Agriculture is
occurring prior to the expiration of the term for which his predeces-
authorized to prescribe terms and conditions respecting the use of com-
sor was appointed shall be appointed for the remainder of such term,
modities donated under section 32 as will maximize the nutritional
and (B) the terms of office of the members first taking office shall
and financial contributions of such donated commodities in such public
expire, as designated by the Secretary of Health, Education, and
or private nonprofit institutions or organizations, agencies, or political
Welfare at the time of appointment, five at the end of the first year,
subdivisions of a State.
five at the end of the second year, and five at the end of the third year
(b) The ,Secretary of Agriculture may utilize the projects author-
after the date of appointment.
ized under this title in carrying out the provisions of clause (2) of
(b) The Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare is author-
section 32 of the Act approved August 24, 1935, as amended (49 Stat.
ized to appoint, without regard to the civil service laws, such technical
744, 7 U.S.C. 612c).
advisory committees as he deems appropriate for advising him in
carrying out his functions under this Act.
APPROPRIATIONS AUTHORIZED
(c) Members of the Advisory Committee or of any technical advisory
Sec. 708. For the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this
committee appointed under this section, who are not regular full-time
title there are hereby authorized to be appropriated $100,000,000 for
employees of the United States, shall, while attending meetings or con-
the fiscal year ending June 30, 1973, and $150,000,000 for the fiscal
ferences of such committee or otherwise engaged on business of such
year ending June 30, 1974. In addition, there are hereby authorized
committee be entitled to receive compensation at a rate fixed by the
to be appropriated for such fiscal years, as part of the appropriations
Secretary, but not exceeding $100 per diem, including travel time, and,
for salaries and expenses for the Administration on Aging, such sums
while so serving away from their homes or regular places of business,
as Congress may determine to be necessary to carry out the provisions
they may be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of
of this title. Sums appropriated pursuant to this section which are
subsistence, as authorized by section 5 of the Administrative Expenses
not obligated and expended prior to the beginning of the fiscal year
Act of 1946 (5 U.S.C. 73b-2) for persons in the Government service
succeeding the fiscal year for which such funds were appropriated
employed intermittently.
shall remain available for obligation and expenditure during such
(d) The Commissioner is authorized to furnish to the Advisory
succeeding fiscal year.
Committee such technical assistance, and to make available to it such
secretarial, clerical, and other assistance and such pertinent data avail-
RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER LAWS
able to him, as the Committee may require to carry out its functions.
SEC. 709. No part of the cost of any project under this title may be
treated as income or benefits to any eligible individual for the pur-
pose of any other program or provision of State or Federal law.
22
ADMINISTRATION
SEC. [702] 802. (a) In carrying out the purposes of this Act, the
Secretary is authorized to provide consultative services and technical
assistance to public or nonprofit private agencies, organizations, and
institutions; to provide short-term training and technical instruction;
to conduct research and demonstrations; and to collect, prepare, pub-
lish, and disseminate special educational or informational materials,
including reports of the projects for which funds are provided under
this Act and to provide staff and other technical assistance to the
President's Council on Aging.
(b) In administering his functions under this Act, the Secretary is
authorized to utilize the services and facilities of any agency of the
Federal Government and of any other public or nonprofit private
agency or institution, in accordance with agreements between the Sec-
retary and the head thereof, and to pay therefor, in advance or by way
of reimbursement, as may be provided in the agreement.
AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS
SEC. [703]803. The Secretary shall carry out titles IV and V of this
Act during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1966, and each of the six
succeeding fiscal years. There are hereby authorized to be appropriated
$1,500,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1966, $3,000,000 for the
fiscal year ending June 30, 1967, $6,400,000 for the fiscal year end-
ing June 30, 1968, $10,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30,
1969, $12,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1970, $15,000,000
for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1971, and $20,000,000 for the fiscal
year ending June 30, 1972.
EVALUATION OF PROGRAMS
SEC. [704] 804. Such portion of any appropriation under title III or
VI or section 703 for any fiscal year ending after June 30, 1969, as the
Secretary may determine, but not exceeding 1 per centum thereof,
shall be available to the Secretary for evaluation (directly or by grants
or contracts) of the programs authorized by this Act and, in the case
of allotments from such an appropriation, the amount available for
such allotments (and the amount deemed appropriated therefor) shall
be reduced accordingly.
JOINT FUNDING OF PROJECTS
SEC. [705] 805. Pursuant to regulations prescribed by the President,
where funds are advanced for a single project by more than one
Federal agency to an agency, organization, institution, or person as-
sisted under this Act, any one Federal agency may be designated
to act for all in administering the funds advanced. In such cases,
a single non-Federal share requirement may be established according
to the proportion of funds advanced by each Federal agency, and
any such agency may waive any technical grant or contract require-
ment (as defined by such regulations) which is inconsistent with the
similar requirements of the administering agency or which the admin-
istering agency does not impose.
Elerly
Senior
Citizens
Campaign
Manual
1972
The time has come for a new attitude
toward old age in America. The time has
come to close the gap between our older
citizens and those who are not old. The way
to do this, I believe, is to stop regarding
older Americans as a burden and start
regarding them as a resource for America.
Bob Dole, Chairman Republican National Committee 310 First Street, S.E., Washington, D.C. 20003
WHY YOU NEED TO READ THIS MANUAL
YOU MAY BE NEGLECTING 20 PERCENT OF YOUR POTENTIAL VOTE.
Although Youth has received more political publicity, Senior Citizens have
developed the real voting clout. The unique, special problems of growing old
in "The Country of the Young" have sparked the emergence of the over sixty
generation into a strong political block with the power to make or break a
campaign.
Consider these facts:
21 percent of all votes cast in 1970 were by people over 60.
The Senior Citizen population has increased seven times since
1900, the total population has increased three times.
Over six million people already belongs to one of four major Senior
Citizen organizations.
The Senior Citizen is the most reliable voter in America. 70 percent
vote regularly. 84 percent are registered voters. In the past, the Republican
Party could rely upon a large percentage of the elderly vote. Not today. We
have dropped from 61 percent of their vote in 1956 to 47 percent in 1968. In
1970 neither party appealed to the Senior Citizen. Our most reliable group
only voted 57 percent.
We must turn out the Senior Citizen vote in 1972. Senior Citizens are
favorably disposed to Republican candidates, but they must be approached as a
special group with special problems. We must appeal to them in a special way.
Beyond technique and specific issues, this manual is the product of a
deep conviction that the Republican Party is committed to the generations that
have built our country and are now pushed out of the mainstream, and can offer
the most dignified and realistic solutions to the problems of Senior Citizens.
You can't reach Senior Citizens two weeks before elections. Begin now to
build a strong base. That is what this manual will help you do. It could mean
the margin between victory and defeat.
- 1 -
SECTION A
WHO IS THE SENIOR CITIZEN
The Issues - - Why There Is Senior Citizen Group Identity
- 2 -
WHO IS THE SENIOR CITIZEN?
He is every tenth American.
There are twenty million Americans over sixty-five and another nine million
over sixty. There are 139 women to every 100 men.
He owns his own home.
About 70 percent of the older people own their own homes.
He did not finish High School.
The Senior Citizen grew up with the transition from horse to automobile, often in
a rural area. Half never went to high school. Only 5 percent went to college.
He receives half the income of a younger family.
The median income for Senior Citizen couples is $5,500 yearly. If the Senior
Citizen is single, his income is under $2,000. The gap between the income of
Seniors and younger people is growing wider.
He is married. She is a widow.
There are four times as many widows as widowers.
He lives in a family unit.
Seven out of ten older persons live in families; about one quarter live alone
or with non relatives. Only one in twenty lives in an institution.
- 3 -
THE ISSUES -- WHY SENIOR CITIZENS HAVE A GROUP IDENTITY
POVERTY threatens him.
One quarter of the Senior Citizens fall below the poverty line. In fact, of
ten people who are poor in America, four of those people are Senior Citizens.
THE COST OF LIVING is eating away his savings.
The fixed incomes of Senior Citizens have been eaten away by rising prices.
Social Security benefits and public assistance programs -- from which Senior
Citizens receive over 50 percent of their income - in the past have not kept
up with inflation.
THE COST OF STAYING HEALTHY is more than many can afford.
Senior Citizens see their doctors more often and are hospitalized longer. Despite
Medicare and Medicaid, rising health costs of 170 percent in ten years have hit
older people especially hard. Senior Citizens still carry the burden of about
25 percent or $200 of their yearly health bill.
TRANSPORTATION has become a problem.
Lack of means to move around a community can isolate a healthy and physically
mobile person as completely as if she were bedridden. Most older people don't
drive. Taxis are too expensive. Public transportation is often difficult to
use; and it, too, grows more expensive daily.
THE QUALITY OF HIS LIFE has declined.
Older people, pushed by enforced retirement out of the work force, unable to
afford the cost of "leisure living", separated from their families in our mobile
society, feel useless, isolated, and neglected. For many, the golden years of
retirement have become a tarnished myth. In fact, the suicide rate for elderly
men is higher than any other group.
HOUSING is hard to find or difficult to maintain.
About 30 percent of Senior Citizen homes are classified substandard. Most older
people can't afford needed repairs. Often old people are forced to sell their
homes because they can't pay rising property taxes. Those who don't own their
own homes find apartments difficult to locate, too expensive, and poorly designed
for Senior Citizen needs including linkage with public transportation.
INSTITUTIONALIZATION has become a dreaded possibility.
Older people live in fear of being put away in substandard nursing homes, insti-
tutions President Nixon termed "warehouses for the unwanted." Until a recent
Presidential directive, many state regulations for nursing homes were poorly
enforced.
- 4 -
SECTION B
A SENIOR CITIZEN CAMPAIGN
A GUIDE ON HOW TO REACH THE SENIOR CITIZENS
Part One:
Locating Senior Citizens
Part Two:
Major Senior Citizen Organizations
Part Three:
Preparing a Senior Citizen Platform
and Establishing a Positive Image with
Senior Citizen Leadership
Part Four:
Selecting a Senior Citizen Campaign
Chairman - - What He Should Accomplish
Part Five:
Senior Citizen Meetings - How to
Arrange and Conduct Them
Part Six:
Campaign Techniques for Senior Citizens
- 5 -
PART ONE: LOCATING THE SENIOR CITIZENS IN YOUR COMMUNITY
H
0
W
T
0
Aging has become a profession for many sociologists, administrators,
and others in the last ten years. Over 500 organizations interested in Senior
R
Citizens will be represented at the White House Conference on Aging in 1971.
E
In your community or district, a large number of Senior Citizens should be
A
reachable through the following sources:
C
H
1. The Senior Citizen Clubs and National membership organi-
zation are an excellent means of contacting active older
T
people. On the following page is a run-down of the major
H
national organizations.
E
2. Your state has an Administration on Aging reporting to the
S
parent AoA in Washington, a part of Health, Education, and
E
Welfare. Each AoA should have a list of all HEW funded
N
Senior Centers and state supervised Senior Centers. Every
I
candidate should establish contact with his state's AoA
0
and Senior Center.
R
3. In each city, the Department of Recreation is generally in
C
charge of coordinating Senior Citizen Centers and clubs. For
I
example, in Baltimore, Maryland, there are 92 Senior Centers
T
coordinated by the department with memberships running from
I
25 to 4,000 people. Contact your local department for
Z
information, names, and addresses.
E
N
4. Find out if anyone from your area was a Delegate to the
White House Conference on Aging. If so make sure you
contact them. They will have developed a great deal of
expertise in the field of aging and will be valuable
opinion makers in the Senior Citizen community. The State
Administration on Aging should be able to supply you with a
list of Delegates from your state.
- 6
PART TWO: SENIOR CITIZEN ORGANIZATIONS
H
0
W
T
There are four major national membership organizations with an aggregate
0
total of over six million members. All of them are expanding rapidly. In the
early stages of a campaign, it is important to contact the leadership of each
R
organization, express your interest in developing a substantial Senior Citizen
E
platform with their advice, and always keep them informed of any activities
A
that would affect their members. Remember that the Senior Citizen press,
C
basically the publications published by each of the major organizations, reaches
H
more readers than does TIME magazine. A good story in their state news letters
will ge a great boon to any campaign. A bad story can mean defeat. The major
T
membership groups are:
H
E
1. American Association of Retired Persons - three million dues-
paying members, headquartered in Washington, regional repre-
S
sentatives and state officers in each state. AARP maintains a
E
six-man lobbying force in Washington, distributes a monthly
N
bulletin and two bi-monthly magazines, and increased its member-
I
ship by 780,000 new members last year alone.
0
R
The members of the AARP tend to be sympathetic to Republican
principles and will respond to a candidate with a solid
C
platform for Senior Citizens. In 1971 President Nixon addressed
I
their midwest regional convention. The organization is dis-
T
tributing a film of his speech to all their local chapters.
I
The RNC has a copy of this film.
Z
E
2. National Retired Teachers Association - an affiliate of AARP,
N
has 290,000 members, maintains the same national headquarters
and lobbying force as AARP, but has their own state chapters and
officers. NRTA publishes a monthly newsletter and bimonthly
magazine.
3. National Council of Senior Citizens - Headquartered in Washington,
NCSC claims 3,000 affiliated clubs of about three million
members. NCSC is very issue-oriented and the National leader-
ship is rarely sympathetic to Republican candidates probably due
to strong union influences. However, the state organizations and
the local clubs can be very helpful to a Republican candidate if
they are convinced that he is the best man for the Seniors in
their group. NCSC publishes a monthly newspaper.
4. National Association of Retired Federal Employees Headquartered
in Washington, NARFE has 148,000 members but exerts strong
influence on the Hill. It, too, has local chapters in many parts
of the country. NARFE publishes a monthly magazine.
There are other Senior Citizen organizations that are strong in certain local-
ities. Do not forget to contact leaders in such groups as the Telephone Pioneers
and other major industry and union retiree groups.
- 7 -
PART THREE: SOMETHING TO SELL
H
0
PREPARING A SENIOR CITIZEN PLATFORM
W
AND ESTABLISHING A POSITIVE IMAGE
T
0
Senior Citizens have become a very issue-oriented special group. You
cannot sell them on yourself if you have not made a serious attempt to learn about
R
their problems and address yourself to them.
E
A
The Senior Citizen Platform should be your first step in a campaign.
C
H
Your first step toward the development of a good platform should be a
MEETING between the candidate and key Senior Leadership in the area. The
T
results of such a meeting should be two-fold:
H
E
1. A good Senior Citizen Platform responsive to the special
problems of older people in your area will result.
S
E
2. A positive image will be established early among Senior
N
Citizen leadership, an image that will filter down to the
I
Senior Citizens.
0
R
Prior to the meeting, have your staff explain to those who will attend
that the candidate would like to learn from them what they believe should be
C
done for Senior Citizens. Ask them to have their views down on paper.
I
T
Invite to that first meeting all the Senior Citizen Leadership in your
I
community whether they are sympathetic to you and the Party or not. Remember
Z
that the vast majority of Senior Citizen leaders are committed to Senior Citizens
E
first and politicians second. If they are convinced that you are genuinely
N
interested in and concerned with older people's problems, they may not support
you, but they probably won't actively oppose you. You will have opened some new
avenues and neutralized potential opposition.
Make your Platform simple, concise, and earnest. Once it is prepared,
release it with full publicity. Make sure that every Senior organization and
center receives copies and that every leader receives a personal letter and
copy from the candidate.
Now that you have something to sell, you are ready for serious campaigning.
Your next step is to select the right person to help you do that, a good Senior
Citizen Chairman.
- 8 -
PART FOUR: THE SENIOR CITIZEN CHAIRMAN
H
0
W
Select a vigorous and retired Senior Citizen to lead your campaign. Make
sure he is good on details, a self-starter, and a person with the time to handle
T
a thorough Senior Citizen Campaign.
0
Make him a part of your regular campaign organization, and make it clear
R
to your staff, especially your press secretary and your scheduling man, that his
E
advice is to be sought and heeded.
A
C
Demand the following from your Senior Citizen Chairman:
H
1. Supervise the development of a comprehensive mailing list of
T
Senior Citizens including as many telephone numbers as possible.
H
E
The Senior Citizens Division of the RNC can also supply contacts
for purchasable Senior Citizen lists.
S
E
2. Establish contacts in the Senior Citizen community in every
N
area. Have volunteers available for campaigning and distributing
I
material.
0
R
3. Create a flow of handbills and news items on the candidate and
Senior Citizens. Be responsible for developing the means of
C
distributing information for the least expense.
I
T
4. Work closely with the candidate's scheduler to make sure that
I
the candidate appears at Senior Centers and Senior Citizen
Z
events and that the candidate receives invitations to speak
E
to Senior Citizen groups.
N
5. Develop the manpower for the final phase telephone and door-to-
door campaigns.
(Put your Senior Citizen Chairman in touch with the Director of the
Senior Citizens Division at the RNC for suggestions and guidance.)
- 9 -
PART FIVE: SENIOR CITIZEN MEETINGS
H
0
W
Nothing can replace the impact of seeing the candidate in person. With
good press coverage, advertising, and advance publicity, a meeting between
T
the candidate and Senior Citizens in his area will prove more effective with
0
Senior Citizens than any other campaign tool. Schedule as many meetings as
possible across your district.
R
E
1. The Place: a federal courtroom, school auditorium, and public
A
meeting place near public transportation.
C
H
The Time: between 10 am and 4 pm. Do not exceed two hours in
length.
T
H
3. The Invitations: Send as many personal invitations as possible.
E
Contact all clubs and churches. Preadvertise inexpensively on
radio and in the newspapers. (Remember that Seniors read the
S
papers more thoroughly than any other group.)
E
N
4. The Staging: Check the acoustics in your meeting place. Make
I
sure everyone can hear. Set up the forum in a way that makes
0
it easy for the candidate to interact with the Senior Citizens.
R
Avoid a stiff, formal program.
C
5. The Social Hour: Mingle after the program, and make it fun.
I
Serve refereshments, (coffee, tea, soft drinks, cake). Explore
T
the possibilities of entertainment. In rural areas some people
I
have found Senior Citizen string bands or Barber Shop Quartets
Z
in the city.
E
N
THE PROGRAM
If you are an incumbent, the Senior Citizen Forum has been very effective.
The candidate will have assembled a small panel of experts from different
government agencies who administer programs for Senior Citizens such as Social
Security, Housing, Medicare, transportation. At the opening of the meeting,
the candidate will give a brief talk about bringing government to the people
and urge Senior Citizens to ask questions and register complaints. Make sure
that the candidate maintains tight control over the panel, does not allow
speeches, and keeps the questions moving briskly. It is very prudent to have
a series of questions already drawn up in case the audience is slow warming up.
Make sure the panel is available at tables after the forum to distribute
information and answer individual questions.
If you have not held office, try the Senior Citizen Hearing. Form your
panel with vocal Senior Citizens from your area. Invite them to testify about
Senior Citizen Problems. Act as moderator and approach the meeting as a time
to get to know and understand the problems of Senior Citizens. After intro-
ducing yourself, begin the testimony. Ask questions yourself and open discussion
to the audience. Newsmen love these sessions.
(Contact the Senior Citizens Division of the Republican National Committee
for more details and suggestions for Senior Citizen Meetings.)
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PART SIX: CAMPAIGN TECHNIQUES
H
0
W
Senior Citizens are one of the easiest special groups to reach in a
campaign. They congregate in Senior Centers, tend to live in certain areas,
T
belong to special clubs.
0
Because they have time on their hands, they can be utilized easily for
R
volunteer work. A well-organized Senior Citizen campaign will find the Seniors
E
organizing themselves.
A
C
Among the effective means of reaching Senior Citizens are:
H
1. Telephone Campaign: A good telephone campaign in which
T
Senior Citizens call each other on behalf of the candidate,
H
will have tremendous impact. Make sure that each sympathetic
E
person called is asked to call five of his friends.
S
2. Direct Mail: Senior Citizens respond more positively to
E
mail than any other group, especially a personal letter from
N
the candidate. One interesting technique is the neighbor
I
letter, especially effective in Senior Citizen housing complexes.
0
A Senior Volunteer writes all her neighbors on behalf of a
R
candidate, explaining that this probably her first political
letter but she feels so strongly that Mr. Doe will do a wonderful
C
job that she has been stirred to write to her friends and
I
neighbors on his behalf and hopes they will do the same.
T
I
3. Newspaper Advertising: Don't forget ads in weeklies and small
Z
local papers. Senior Citizens read the papers thoroughly.
E
Print ads are an especially good way of getting across detailed
N
positions.
4. Radio: Radio is particularly good during weak television periods,
early in the morning, late at night, and Sunday daytime.
5. Television: Always good and very effective during TV's cheapest
time spots if you pre-advertise for a major talk. Always make
sure that Senior Citizen appeals have been integrated into the
total media campaign.
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SECTION C
SENIOR CITIZEN SOURCE MATERIAL
The President Speaks to Older Americans - Quotes
Administrative Initiatives for the Senior Citizens
Index of the Senior Citizen Population by State
Senior Citizens Division, RNC, Services Available to You
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- QUOTES -
THE PRESIDENT SPEAKS TO OLDER AMERICANS
"Old Age should not be a time of endings, but a time of new beginnings--
not a time for stopping, but a time for new starts."
"I call today for a new alliance in this country between Americans who
are under 65 and those who are over 65.
The American community will be incomplete without the full participation
of every American. For each generation has its unique role to play in the
unfolding drama of America.
Let us then put aside the things which would divide us--suspicion,
condescension, resentment and indifference. Let us join together across the
Nation
and make ourselves an even greater America as we move forward together."
"What we must build in this country--among all of our people--is a new
attitude toward old age; an attitude which insists that there can be no retire-
ment from living, no retirement from citizenship."
"We have to stop discrimination in this country against older people who
want to work. The time has come to raise the ceiling on how much a person
can earn while receiving Social Security. The time has come to increase the
amount of Social Security he can keep when his earnings exceed that ceiling."
11
if there is any single institution in this country that symbolizes
the tragic isolation and shameful neglect of older Americans, it is the
substandard nursing home, and there are some. Some are unsanitary. Some are
ill-equipped. Some are overcrowded. Some are understaffed
=
"Only through revenue sharing, where the Federal Government shares its
revenues with the States, are we going to stop the rise in local property
taxes in this country, which is eating into the budget of every retired person
who owns his own home."
=
we have proposed that the Federal Government place a floor under the
income of every senior citizen in America. We have proposed that Social
Security benefits for widows be raised. We have called for an automatic cost
of living increase in Social Security to make certain that monthly payments
will keep up with inflation.
The fact that many older people may not be active members of the labor
force does not mean that they should be denied a fair share of our growing
productivity."
"The ancient Greeks said that we could count no man's life happy until
the end of it. For if any man is to live a good life in the most complete
sense, then his later years must also be years of fulfillment. As we pursue
this goal and break away the barriers to full participation for those who are
old today, we will also break them away for those who will be old tomorrow."
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ADMINISTRATIVE INITIATIVES FOR THE SENIOR CITIZENS
(By early 1972 it is likely that the following list will be outdated.
During and after the White House Conference on Aging, President Nixon will
probably announce new legislation to make life more livable for the older
generation. You will receive an updated list.)
Total spending for the elderly has increased under President Nixon from
$29.6 billion in 1968 to $46.6 billion estimated for 1972, a rise of 57 per
cent in four years.
A. Programs to Improve Income
1. Social Security: Social Security benefits are now one-third
more than in 1968.
President Nixon has proposed in HR I automatic adjustments in
Social Security benefits as the cost of living rises, a proposal
designed to take politics out of the benefits. (Automatic
increases have been part of the GOP program since 1966. Demo-
crats have consistently opposed it.)
2. Guaranteed Annual Income: The new program would reform the
present welfare system and providenational standards for the
needy aged of $130 monthly, rising to $150 monthly over two years.
The proposals when fully effective would increase benefits for
a couple to $200 a month.
3. Other Income Improvements: The President has improved Civil
Service retirement rules, increased railroad retirement by
25 percent since 1968, and increased veterans pensions and
service-connected injury compensation by 10 percent.
B. Programs to Improve Health
1. Nursing Homes: The President has cracked down on substandard
nursing homes which he termed "dumping grounds for the dying."
He has increased the number of federal inspectors by 150,
requested from Congress funds to train an additional 2,000
inspectors over the next eighteen months, and warned states and
homes that he will cut off Medicaid and Medicare funds from homes
that are substandard.
2. New Health Partnership Proposals: The President has proposed
extensive legislation to reform the Medicare-Medicaid system.
The Health Partnership program would eliminate the monthly
Medicare premium of $5.60 a month for supplemental medical
insurance, a savings for Senior Citizens that is equivalent to
a 5 percent Social Security increase. The proposals would also
allow Medicare beneficiaries to receive care from Health Main-
tenance Organizations emphasizing preventive care and treatment
for chronic conditions.
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C. Programs to Reinvolve Senior Citizens in Service Opportunities
1. The President has launched ten Retired Senior Volunteer Projects
(RSVP), one in each federal region, aimed at utilizing the skill
of Senior Citizens in public service jobs.
2. The President has transferred the RSVP and Foster Grandparent
Programs to the new ACTION Agency with the pledge that the
programs will receive new emphasis. (Foster Grandparent places
low income Senior Citizens as companions four days a week with
children in orphanages and institutions. It pays the "Grandparent"
minimum wage.)
3. The President has funded fourteen projects to study and demonstrate
special transportation facilities for the elderly and handicapped.
4. The President has continued for a fourth year demonstration
Nutrition projects for Senior Citizens costing $1.8 million.
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BREAKDOWN OF POPULATION OF SENIOR CITIZENS
AGE SIXTY AND OVER IN THE UNITED STATES 1970-71
Percent of total
Male
Female
Total
Population
UNITED STATES
12,434,932
16,230,844
28,665,776
14.1
ALABAMA
203,962
271,241
475,203
13.8
ALASKA
6,845
5,352
12,197
4.1
ARIZONA
108,290
125,439
233,729
13.2
ARKANSAS
151,187
183,416
334,603
17.4
CALIFORNIA
1,107,609
1,464,138
2,571,747
12.9
COLORADO
117,183
149,707
266,890
12.1
CONNECTICUT
175,893
239,098
414,991
13.7
DELAWARE
27,224
36,591
63,815
11.6
FLORIDA
601,677
742,508
1,344,185
19.8
GEORGIA
321,437
319,326
640,763
14.0
HAWAII
36,045
31,443
67,488
8.8
IDAHO
46,750
51,213
97,963
13.7
ILLINOIS
676,415
895,082
1,571,497
14.1
INDIANA
302,668
398,725
701,393
13.5
IOWA
207,104
270,288
477,392
16.9
KANSAS
158,580
208,965
367,545
16.4
KENTUCKY
210,271
265,953
476,224
14.8
LOUISIANA
193,697
255,689
449,386
12.3
MAINE
68,883
91,241
160,124
16.1
MARYLAND
189,076
254,485
443,561
11.3
MASSACHUSETTS
358,266
530,706
888,972
15.6
MICHIGAN
489,636
599,589
1,089,225
12.3
MINNESOTA
252,291
312,082
564,373
14.8
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MISSISSIPPI
141,938
178,398
320,336
14.4
MISSOURI
335,821
447,811
783,632
16.8
MONTANA
46,380
50,791
97,171
14.0
NEBRASKA
109,986
140,410
250,396
16.9
NEVADA
24,719
24,125
48,844
10.0
NEW HAMPSHIRE
46,845
63,427
110,272
15.0
NEW JERSEY
433,012
578,022
1,011,034
14.1
NEW MEXICO
49,044
56,114
105,158
10.4
NEW YORK
1,200,369
1,613,211
2,813,580
15.5
NORTH CAROLINA
260,559
353,621
614,180
12.1
NORTH DAKOTA
44,947
48,866
93,813
15.2
OHIO
615,285
811,297
1,426,582
13.4
OKLAHOMA
182,764
238,546
421,310
16.5
OREGON
146,012
175,195
321,207
15.4
PENNSYLVANIA
786,201
1,045,363
1,831,564
15.5
RHODE ISLAND
60,518
86,646
147,164
15.5
SOUTH CAROLINA
118,362
167,910
286,272
11.1
SOUTH DAKOTA
50,779
58,961
109,740
16.5
TENNESSEE
240,503
315,474
591,977
15.1
TEXAS
627,394
827,061
1,454,455
13.0
UTAH
50,924
61,616
112,540
10.6
VERMONT
28,471
37,992
66,463
15.0
VIRGINIA
229,493
308,541
538,034
11.6
WASHINGTON
206,396
253,693
460,089
13.5
WEST VIRGINIA
125,894
153,075
278,969
16.0
WISCONSIN
297,182
364,167
661,349
15.0
WOMING
21,016
22,714
43,730
13.2
D.C.
40,693
63,020
103,713
13.7
17
SENIOR CITIZENS DIVISION, RNC
From the Director:
There is no doubt in my mind that, if the 1972 election is close, we
must not only have a clear majority of the older vote as defined by Gallup
(fifty and over), but the President must run at least 4 percentage points
better with that group than he does among the total electorate. This is
predicated upon a two-party contest; and we have evidence in past elections
to support this conclusion. Our endeavors among Senior Citizens must be
well organized and pushed to the limit. We must begin to do this now. We
cannot wait until next year. I hope each party worker and every potential
candidate will make a sustained and concerted effort to win the confidence
and the support of the older people in his community. The Senior Citizen
vote in 1972 will mean the margin of victory for the President and the Party.
SERVICES AVAILABLE TO YOU
1. Research: We will be glad to supply information on the
the Republican position on respective issues, statistics,
facts about older people, information on pertinent issues
that concern older people and their concensus on them.
2. Political Support: We will assist the candidate in any
way possible. We have information on various old-age
groups across the country, population distribution, etc.
3. Field Work: At your request, we will be glad to advise you
in setting up a Senior Citizen Campaign in your district.
This has proved very successful in the past.
SENIOR CITIZENS STAFF
Director.
BERNARD S. VAN RENSSELAER,
Special Assistant to the Chairman
Political Assistant
RUTH NOBLE GROOM
Telephone
(202) 484-6677
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