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Flag Day Ceremonies, Grand Haven, MI, June 14, 1951
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Flag Day Ceremonies, Grand Haven, MI, June 14, 1951
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The original documents are located in Box D14, folder "Flag Day Ceremonies, Grand
Haven, MI, June 14, 1951" of the Ford Congressional Papers: Press Secretary and Speech
File at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
Copyright Notice
The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of
photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. The Council donated to the United
States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections.
Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public
domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to
remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid
copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
Digitized from Box D14 of The Ford Congressional Papers: Press Secretary and Speech File at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library
SPEECH BY REPRESENTATIVE GERALD R. FORD, JR. AT FLAG DAY CEREMONIES
IN GRAND HAVEN, MICHIGAN - JUNE 14, 1951
as you know
4
This is Flag Day throughout America. On June 14, 1777 - 178 years
ago today - the Continental Congress adopted a resolution which I quote:
"RESOLVED, that the flag of these 13 United States be 13 stripes, alternate
red and white; that the Union be 13 stars, white in a blue field, represent-
ing a new constellation."
Today we again reaffirm our respect and our allegiance to that flag.
We honor its one hundred and seventy-third fourth birthday.
The story of the origin of Old Glory parallels the origin of our
country. Just as our country received its birthright from the peoples of
many lands who gathered on these shores to found a new Nation, so did the
pattern of the Stars and Stripes arise from diverse origins back into the
mists of antiquity to become emblazoned on the standard of our infant
Republic.
The star long has been a symbol of the heavens, of the divine goal
to which man has aspired from time immemorial; while the stripes have been
symbolical of the rays of light emanating from the sun.
Henry Ward Beecher once said, "A thoughtful mind when it sees a
nation's flag, sees not the flag, but the nation itself. Whatever may be
its symbols, its insignia, he reads chiefly in the flag, the government,
the principles, the truths, the history that belong to the nation that it
sets forth. The American flag has been a symbol of liberty, and man rejoiced
in it.' II
FORD & LIBRARY GERALD
Page Two
"The stars upon it were like the bright moTring stars of God,
and the stripes upon it were beams of morning light. As at early dawn
the stars shine forth even while it grows Nght, and then as the sun
advances that light breaks into banks and streaming lines of color, the
glowing red and the intense white striving together and ribbing the horizon
with bars effulgent, so, OD the American flag, stars and beams of many
colored lights shine out together."
Our annual commemoration of Flag Day, first celebrated as such on
June 14, 1916, was inaugurated by a proclamation by our then President,
Woodrow Wilson, reading as follows:
"My fellow countryman: Many circumstances have recently conspired
to turn our thoughts to a critical examination of the conditions of our
national life, of the influences which have seemed to threaten to divide us
in interest and sympathy, of forces within and forces without that seemed
likely to draw us away from the happy traditions of united purpose and action
of which we have been so proud. It has, therefore, seemed to me fitting that
I should call your attention to the approach of the anniversary of the day
upon which the flag of the United States was adopted by the Congress as the
emblem of the Union, and to suggest to you that it should this year and in
the years to come be given special significance as a day of renewal and reminder,
a day upon which we should direct our minds with a special desire of renewal
to thoughts of the ideals and principles of which we have sought to make our
great Government the embodiment.
"I therefore suggest and request that throughout the Nation and, if
possible, in every community the 14th day of June be observed as Flag Day,
with special patriotic exercises, at which means shall be taken to give signi-
FORD & LIBRARY GERALD
ficant expression to our thoughtful love of America, or comprehension of the
Page Three
great mission of liberty and justice to which we have devoted ourselves
as a people, our pride in the history and our enthusiasm for the political
program of the Nation, our determination to make it greater and purer with
each generation, and our resolution to demonstrate to all the world its
vital union and sentiment and purpose, accepting only those as true com-
patriots who feel as we do the compulsion of this supreme allegiance. Let
us on that day rededicate ourselves to the Nation 'one and inseparable,'
from which every thought that is not worthy of our father's first vows
of independence, liberty, and right shall be excluded and in which we shall
stand with united hearts, for an America which no man can corrupt, no
influence draw away from its ideals, no force divide against itself - a
nation signally distinguished among all the nations of mankind for its
clear, individual conception alike of its duties and its privileges, its
obligations and its rights."
That proclamation was signed by President Woodrow Wilson on May
13, 1916.
Every year since then our country's President has issued a similar
proclamation calling upon Americans to commemorate June 14 as Flag Day.
What significance does Flag Day have for us this year, 34 years after
the original Flag Day in 1916? Our flag is now again a battle flag, the
symbol of our unity in the fight of our country and its allies, to resist,
leaders Ja
their
and finally to crush, the wanton aggression of an atheistic nation and its
have
satellites that has violated all international law and agreements in order
to try to take, treacherously and ruthlessly, what They is wanted from others.
FORD & LIBRARY GERALD
Page Four
If the efforts of the Soviet leaders in the Kremlin to enforce
their will upon others should unfortunately succeed, then our own safety
and freedoms would be in peril. Americans may disagree among themselves as
to policy for the preservation and protection of our freedoms but there is a
united front against those who would take these privileges from us.gt imperil
our safety It
is unthinkable to permit the rule of force to be substituted
for justice, to permit might to supplant right, to permit rigid regimentation
to replace collective cooperation, to permit complete censorship, to squeeze
out freedom of the press, to permit dictatorship to drive our democracy.
These drastic methods of government, with the complete loss of our prized
freedoms, and of our individual opportunities to work for the well-being and
happiness of ourselves and our children, would immediately follow under the
domination of dictatorships.
Our red, white, and blue flag is now the bright symbol of the
determination of all good Americans to protect America, to crush its enemies
from within and without, to perpetuate Americanism and all that Americanism
includes, and to assist other the "four freedoms" - freedom
throughout peoples to the globe attain
from fear, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and freedom from want.
Flag Day is deeply significant to all of us as an opportunity to
renew our faith in our own representative form of government, and to renew
our mutual determination to protect and to perpetuate our American freedoms.
The Revolutionary War won us our existence as a nation; the Civil
War ratified and confirmed it in blood; the Spanish-American War proved that
we were willing to fight for the extension of the principles of freedom to
the oppressed peoples of the American Hemisphere; the two world wars emphasized
FORD & LIBRARY GERALD
Page Five
the purity of these motives, and evidenced to the world that Americans
were willing to die that our ideals and principles in Government based on
the doctrine of human dignity might be disseminated throughout the globe.
It is to the credit and glory of this country that we have ne ver
willingly sought war. We have never entered war for the purpose of commercial
advantage nor of national expansion. Neither greed nor selfishness has ever
motivated America's entrance into war. Always this Nation was impelled to
enter war for the sake of preserving the freedom of our people and the freedom
of others. As a result of this unselfish American spirit our Nation is at
the very pinnacle in world affairs.
Although we have fought and won two wars in the last 35 years and
are now involved in another, in the long view war at best does not help
civilization. Every war sets civilization back for generations. The toll
of war is inestimable. Fundamentally money which is spent for weapons to
saughter the people of other nations is money ill spent. Money which is
spent to build ships to wage battles on the seven seas could better be used
to foster the commercial and the cultural growth of our people. Money spent
to teach the youth of our land to kill the youth of other lands is money
squandered. I do not deny that military action for defense of our way of
life has been essential in the past. It may be necessary in the future
despite our hopes and plans for peace. Nevertheless we must continue to set
our ultimate goal as peace, not war, for only through peace can civilization
march forward.
FORD i LIBRARY GERALD
Page Six
In this crucial hour of the world's history it is important to
remind ourselves that we are not resisting merely a century-old concept
labeled Communism, or a revolutionary state dating from 1917. What we are
really combating both at home and overseas are forces of military aggression
and tyranny, evil under whatever banner. We are struggling against the
police state which would deny free inquiry, free religion, free art, free
music, free thinking-all the liberties and rights of man. What we are
opposing in America and elsewhere throughout the world is not just Communism,
but treason and subversion and sabotage. For the future well-being of
mankind our best efforts must be dedicated to the destruction of these
diabolical evils.
To destroy these insidious forces and for the preservation of
our freedoms, the citizens of this great Republic must act collectively at
home. Abroad we must act collectively with our allies if the treacherous
forces of totalitarianism are to be contained and eventually destroyed.
To be successful at home or abroad our policies must be based on
sound and righteous principles. We cannot and must not sacrifice principle
for expediency. If the United States and its allies are to have the respect
and support of the 800 million people of Asia and others behind the Iron
Curtain, we must convince them by our actions that our intentions are above
reproach.
It seems appropriate on this occasion to call your attention to
a letter from a retired Army captain who recently lost his son in the
battlefields of Korea. This father well expresses what many of our citizens
have felt over the past months. It reads as follows:
FORD & LIBRARY GERALD
Page seven
"I have just buried my son at Arlington, a boy who in dying
earned the award next in rank to the Medal of Honor, the Navy Cross.
"My son was killed by a piece of metal; a piece of metal shipped
to the enemy in all likelihood by our so-called allies whose continuing
recognition and support of our enemy will long live in infamy.
"He was killed by a piece of metal brought down over supply lines
we were forbidden to bomb, and made into ammunition by power from Korean
dams we were forbidden to destroy; a piece of metal whose transportation
was protected by Red planes we were forbidden to pursue and shoot down.
"The name for the reason this and other bits of metal were
transported and protected until they could kill this boy and other thousands
of American boys is a justly hated and dishonorable one--it is appeasement.
"Our leaders prefer to call it by another name and they excuse
it on the grounds of expediency. It has, they say, given us more time--
which is but a paraphrase of, 'peace in our time.' It has, they say, kept
us out of a big war. Those excuses are but echoes of the words of the man
with the umbrella at Munich.
"This boy, these boys, fought and died without hope or chance
for victory. When before in our history has America ever committed such a
crime against its fighting sons? Appeasement tied one of their hands; the
Reds tied the other, and so shackled they died.
"The reasons for paying blackmail are always compelling, and the
alternative to paying it is always horrible. Pay or have your house burned
down; pay or have your child murdered. The reasons today are no less
compelling-pay or have World War III, pay or have Washington atomic-bombed
FORDO & LIBRARY GERALD
Page eight
"Nevertheless, appeasement or paying blackmail is wrong and does
not work. The child held for ransom has already been killed; the decision
to burn your house down has been made no matter how much blackmail you pay.
Today the Russian decision as to whether and when to attack will not be
altered by our hand-tying appeasement.
"We are paying with beloved human lives to buy time that we
might have for nothing. Our blackmail payments in American blood purchase
neither time nor security." End quote.
The words of that fine father seem to express the long pent-up
feeling of many of our citizens, particularly those who have loved ones on
the battlefields in far off lands. It has seemed paradoxical that American
G.I.'s and a limited number of fighting men from our allies should be
valiantly battling the enemy in Korea while less than all-out opposition
to the Chinese Reds and their objectives has prevailed in high diplomatic
and commercial circles.
It is encouraging to report that in recent weeks there has been
a stiffening determination and a straightening of our collective policies
in the struggle against Communist aggression in Korea and elsewhere. The
United Nations through collective action is now acting to prevent the flow
of war materiel to the Communists in the Far East. The United States is
now staunchly committed diplomatically and militarily to the preservation
of Formosa's status quo. The Red China government is not to be admitted to
the United Nations under our present policies. We are assured that the
Chinese Communists cannot "shoot their way" into the United Nations.
FORD & LIBRARY GERALD
Page nine
These recent developments on the diplomatic front have undoubtedly
encouraged our troops on the battlefields and bolstered the morale of our
citizens at home. Let us hope and pray that we will not again fall into
the trap of fence straddling and the sacrifice of principles for expediency.
The lessons of history teach us that, while the circumstances
of human conduct may vary in scope or intensity, the fundamental principles of
human behavior remain the same throughout the ages.
The man who always takes counsel of his fears invites attack.
The nation which proclaims its own weakness and allows its dread
of war to be construed as a fear of war will find itself engaged in war
because that's the signal for an aggressor to fling his challenge.
America is today the most powerful nation in the world in
resources and industrial organization.
But mere machines do not win wars or prevent them.
It is only the spirit of a nation which, if indomitable and
courageous, can win victory for all mankind, now and in the future. America
has this spirit. Our flag represents that spirit and drea not the fear in the
minds of some. We, as Americans, must staunchly maintain this spirit for
the benefit of the free worldand ourselves.
At this perilous hour in the history of our nation we must have
a program for action, a plan that will maintain the strength and productivity
of our domestic economy and at the same time prevent further Communist
aggression against ourselves and our allies. I strongly suggest and recommend
the following:
FORD i LIBRARY GERALD
Page ten
First, our military strength in combination with that of our
allies must be of sufficient physical force to stop Communist aggression against
the free peoples of the world. American military strength is vital and
essential but it must be closely coordinated and correlated with the ability
of our economy to sustain such unproductive drains On our natural resources.
A point of equilibrium-not too big, not too small--is a necessity, for our
Armed Forces of the requisite size may have to be mobilized for a considerable
period during the struggle between freedom and totalitarianism.
Second, the soundness of our domestic economy must be preserved
at all costs. The gravest danger to the United States today may well be
inflation rather than communism. Upon the stability of the American economy
depends the stability of the free world. We have lost much ground to
inflation in the past months. Some losses can be regained if all our people
are sufficiently resolute and unselfish and our leaders assume the
statesmanship which the times require.
Third, there must be a higher standard of public service in
executive, legislative and judicial offices throughout America. The decline
in public morals must be checked. It can be checked if there is a sufficient
public awakening to the inherent danger. This can result by exposure and
analysis, and a long-needed resurgence of over-all morality.
Fourth, the United Nations must be strengthened and improved.
In 1945 it was founded in a hope that it would solve all international
problems and be the means of achieving an everlasting world peace. The
FORD is LIBRARY GERALD
Page eleven
organization has been successful to a degree in the past. It is still the
best hope for future international security. Obviously revisions are
desirable in its basic structure. However, mere changes in the charter
will not alone achieve the desired results. Substantial and certain
success for the United Nations will inevitably come to pass only when all
the people and the governments of the free world subdue selfish aims for
the common good.
Fifth, last but not least, we must proclaim and clarify to
ourselves, to all the citizens of the free world, and to those unfortunates
behind the Iron Curtain the spiritual significance of the free system, as
the true and liberating revolution of human history. With the highest
motives this must be set forth in very practical terms; it must bring hope of
relief and comfort to the suffering masses in backward nations who through
all their history have not had the benefits of our system of government
which is avowedly dedicated to human dignity.
Tonight we have honored the one hundred and seventy-third fresth birthday
of Old Glory and those valiant sons of our land who are and have been
gallantly defending our nation. In heartfelt appreciation to them and in
respect to our flag let us repeat quietly, reverently, the pledge of
allegiance to the flag, written by Francis Bellamy, who died August 23, 1931:
"I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America
and to the Republic for which it stands, one nation, indivisible, with
liberty and justice for all."
FORD i LIBRARY GERALD
SPERCH BY refresentative GERALD R. FORD, JR. AT FLAG DAY CHREMONIES
IN GRAND HAVEN, MICHIGAN - JUNE 14, 1951
4
This is ring Day throughout America. On June 14, 1777 - 173 years
ago today - the Continental Congress adopted a resolution which I quote:
"RESOLVED, that the flag of these 13 United States be 13 stripes, alternate
red and white: that the Union be 13 stars, white in a blue field, represent-
ing a nov constellation."
Today 1/0 again reaffirm our respect frunth and our allegience to that flag.
We honor its one hundred and seventy-third Mrthday.
The story of the origin of old Glory parallels the origin of our
country. Just as our country received its birthright from the peoples of
many lands who gathered on these shores to found a now Nation, 00 did the
pattern of the Stare and Stripes arise from diverse origins back into the
mists of antiquity to become emblasoned on the standard of our infant
Republic.
The star long has been a symbol of the heavens, of the divino goal
to which man has aspired from time innomorial; while the stripes have been
symbolical of the rays of light emanating from the mm.
Henry Word Beacher once said, "A thoughtful mind when it sees &
nation's flae, sees not the flag. but the nation itself. Whatever may be
its synbols, its insignia, he reads chiefly in the flag. the government,
the principles, the truths, the history that belong to the nation that it
sets forth. The American flag has been a nymbol of liberty, and man rejoiced
in it."
FORD i LIBRARY GERALD
Page Two
"The stars upon it were like the bright morning stars of God,
and the stripes upon 1t vere beens of morning light. As at early dawn
the stars shine forth even while it grows light, and then as the sun
advances that light breaks into banks and streaming lines of color, the
gloving red and the intense white striving together, and ribbing the horizon
with hars effulgent, so, on the American flag. stars and beams of many-
colored lights shine out together."
Our annual commemoration of Flag Day, first celebrated as such on
June 14, 1916, was inaugurated by a proclemation by our then President,
Noodrov Wilson, reading as follows:
"My fellow countryman: Many circumstances have recently conspired
to turn our thoughts to a critical emunination of the conditions of our
national life, of the influences which have seemed to threaten to divide us
in interest and sympathy, of forces within and forces without that seemed
likely to draw us every from the happy traditions of united purpose and action
of which we have been 30 proud. It has, therefore, seened to no fitting that
I should call your attention to the approach of the anniversary of the day
upon which the flag of the United States Mile adopted by the Congress as the
emblem of the Union, and to suggest to you that it should this year and in
the years to come be given special significance as a day of renewal and reminder,
a day upon which we should direct our minds with a special desire of reneval
to thoughts of the ideals and principles of which we have sought to make our
great Government the embodiment.
"I therefore suggest and request that throughout the Nation and, if
possible, in every community the 14th day of June be observed as Flag Day,
with special patriotic exercises, at which means shall be taken to give signi-
GERALD LIBRARY R. FORD
ficant expression to our thoughtful love of America, or comprehension of the
Page Three
great mission of liberty and justice to which 1/0 have devoted ourselves
as a people, our pride in the history and our entimalasm for the political
program of the Nation, our determination to make it greater and purer with
each generation, and our resolution to demonstrate to all the world its
vital union and sentiment and purpose, accepting only those as true com-
patriots who feel as we do the compulsion of this suprome allegiance. Let
us on that day rededicate ourselves to the Nation one and inseperable,
from which every thought that is not vorthy of our father's first vows
of independence, liberty, and right shall be excluded and in which we shall
stand with united hearts, for an America which no man can corrupt, no
influence drew away from its ideals, no force divide against itself - a
nation signally distinguished among all the nations of mankind for its
clear, individual conception alike of its duties and its privileges, its
obligations and its rights."
That proclemation vas signed by President Voodrov Wilson on May
13, 1916.
Every year since then our country's President has issued a similar
proclamation calling upon Americans to commenorate June 24 as not Day.
What significance does Flag Day have for us this year, 34 years after
the original Plag Day in 1916? Our fing is nov again & battle flag. the
symbol of our unity in the fight of our country and its allies, to resist,
and finally to crush, the wanton aggression of an atheistic nation and its
satellites that has violated all international law and agreements in order
to try to take, treacherously and ruthlessly, what it wanted from others.
FORD i LIBRARY GERALD
Page Four
If the efforts of the Soviet leaders in the Kremlin to enforce
their will upon others should unfortunately succeed, then our own safety
and freedoms would be in peril. Americans may disagree among themselves as
to policy for the preservation and protection of our freedoms but there is &
united front against those who would take these privileges from us.
It is unthinkable to permit the rule of force to be substituted
for justice, to permit might to supplant right, to permit rigid regimentation
to replace collective cooperation, to permit complete consorship, to aqueese
out freedom of the pross, to permit dictatorship to drive our democracy.
These drastic methods of government, with the complete loss of our prised
freedoms, and of our individual opportunities to work for the well-being and
happiness of ourselves and our children, would immediately follow under the
domination of dictatorships.
Our red, white, and blue flag is now the bright symbol of the
determination of all good Americans to protect America, to crush its enemies
from within and without, to perpetuate Americanium and all that Americanium
includes, and to assist other peoples to attain the "four freedoms" - freedom
from fear, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and freedom from want.
Flag Day is deeply significant to all of us as an opportunity to
renew our faith in our own representative form of government, and to renew
our mutual determination to protect and to perpetuate our American freedoms.
The Revolutionary Mar von us our existence as a nation; the Civil
Your ratified and confirmed it in blood; the Spenish-American Was proved that
1/0 were willing to fight for the extension of the principles of freedom to
the oppressed peoples of the American Henisphere; the two world were emphasized
FORD is LIBRARY GERALD
Page Five
the purity of these motives, and evidenced to the world that Americans
vere villing to die that our ideals and principles in Government based on
the doctrine of human dignity might be dissominated throughout the globe.
It is to the credit and Clory of this country that we have nover
villingly sought war. We have never entered VEF for the purpose of commercial
advantage nor of national expansion. Neither greed nor selfishmess has ever
notivated America's entrance into MAP. Always this Nation was impelled to
enter war for the salte of preserving the freedom of our people and the freedom
of others. As a result of this unselfish American spirit our Nation is at
the very pinnacle in world affairs.
Although ve have fought and von two wars in the last 35 years and
are now involved in another, in the long view var at best does not help
civilization. Every var sets civilisation back for generations. The toll
of var is insetimable. Fundamentally money which is spent for veapons to
daughter the people of other nations is money ill spent. Money which is
spent to build ships to vage battles on the seven seas could better be used
to foster the commercial and the cultural growth of our people. Money spent
to teach the youth of our land to kill the youth of other lands is money
squandered, I do not deny that military action for defense of our way of
life has been essential in the past. It may be necessary in the future
despite our hopes and plans for peace, Nevertheless we must continue to set
our ultimate goal as peace, not war, for only through peace can civilisation
march forward.
FORD i LIBRARY GERALD
Page Six
In this crucial hour of the world's history it is important to
remind ourselves that we are not resisting merely a century-old concept
labeled Communism, or a revolutionary state dating from 1917. What we are
really combating both at home and overseas are forces of military aggression
and tyranny, evil under whatever banner. We are struggling against the
police state which would deny free inquiry, free religion, free art, free
music, free thinking-all the liberties and rights of man. What we are
opposing in America and elsewhere throughout the world is not just Communism,
but treason and subversion and sabotage. For the future well-being of
mankind our best efforts must be dedicated to the destruction of these
diabolical evils.
To destroy these insidious forces and for the preservation of
our freedoms, the citizens of this great Republic must act collectively at
home. Abroad we must act collectively with our allies if the treacherous
forces of totalitarianism are to be contained and eventually destroyed.
To be successful at home or abroad our policies must be based on
sound and righteous principles. We cannot and must not sacrifice principle
for expediency. If the United States and its allies are to have the respect
and support of the 800 million people of Asia and others behind the Iron
Curtain, we must convince them by our actions that our intentions are above
reproach.
It seems appropriate on this occasion to call your attention to
a letter from a retired Army captain who recently lost his son in the
battlefields of Korea. This father well expresses what many of our citizens
have felt over the past months. It reads as follows:
GERALD FORD LIBRARY
Page seven
"I have just buried my son at Arlington, a boy who in dying
earned the award next in rank to the Medal of Honor, the Navy Cross.
may son was killed by a piece of metal; a piece of metal shipped
to the enemy in all likelihood by our so-called allies whose continuing
recognition and support of our enemy will long live in infamy.
"He was killed by a piece of metal brought down over supply lines
we were forbidden to bomb, and made into ammunition by power from Korean
dams we were forbidden to destroy; a piece of metal whose transportation
was protected by Red planes we were forbidden to pursue and shoot down.
"The name for the reason this and other bits of metal were
transported and protected until they could kill this boy and other thousands
of American boys is a justly hated and dishonorable one-it is appeasement.
"Our leaders prefer to call it by another name and they excuse
it on the grounds of expediency. It has, they say, given us more time--
which is but a paraphrase of, 'peace in our time. It has, they say, kept
us out of a big war. Those excuses are but echoes of the words of the man
with the umbrella at Munich.
"This boy, these boys, fought and died without hope or chance
for victory. When before in our history has America ever committed such a
crime against its fighting sons? Appeasement tied one of their hands; the
Reds tied the other, and so shackled they died.
"The reasons for paying blackmail are always compelling, and the
alternative to paying it is always horrible. Pay or have your house burned
down; pay or have your child murdered. The reasons today are no less
compelling-pay or have World War III, pay or have Washington atomic-bombed
GERALD LIBRARY
Page eight
"Nevertheless, appeasement or paying blackmail is wrong and does
not work. The child held for ranson has already been killed; the decision
to burn your house down has been made no matter how much blackmail you pay.
Today the Russian decision as to whether and when to attack will not be
altered by our hand-tying appeasement.
"We are paying with beloved human lives to buy time that we
might have for nothing. Our blackmail payments in American blood purchase
neither time nor security."
The words of that fine father seem to express the long pent-up
feeling of many of our citizens, particularly those who have loved ones on
the battlefields in far off lands. It has seemed paradoxical that American
GI's and a limited number of fighting men from our allies should be
valiantly battling the enemy in Korea while less than all-out opposition
to the Chine Reds and their objectives has prevailed in high diplomatic
and commercial circles.
It is encouraging to report that in recent weeks there has been
a stiffening determination and a straightening of our collective policies
in the struggle against Communist aggression in Korea and elsewhere. The
United Nations through collective action is now acting to prevent the flow
of war materiel to the Communists in the Far East. The United States is
now staunchly committed diplomatically and militarily to the preservation
of Formosa's status quo. The Red China government is not to be admitted to
the United Nations under our present policies. We are assured that the
Chinese Communists cannot "shoot their way" into the United Nations.
FORD i LIBRARY GERALD
Page nine
These recent developments on the diplomatic front have undoubtedly
encouraged our troops on the battlefields and bolstered the morale of our
citizens at home. Let us hope and pray that we will not again fall into
the trap of fence straddling and the sacrifice of principles for expediency.
The lessons of history teach us that, while the circumstances
of human conduct may vary in scope or intensity, the fundamental principles of
human behavior remain the same throughout the ages.
The man who always takes counsel of his fears invites attack.
The nation which proclaims its own weakness and allows its dread
of war to be construed as a fear of war will find itself engaged in war
because that's the signal for an aggressor to fling his challenge.
America is today the most powerful nation in the world in
resources and industrial organization.
But mere machines do not win wars or prevent them.
It is only the spirit of a nation which, if indomitable and
courageous, can win victory for all mankind, now and in the future. America
has this spirit. Our flag represents that spirit and not the fear in the
minds of some. We, as Americans, must staunchly maintain this spirit for
the benefit of the free world.
At this perilous hour in the history of our nation we must have
a program for action, a plan that will maintain the strength and productivity
of our domestic economy and at the same time prevent further Communist
aggression against ourselves and our allies. I strongly suggest and recommend
the following:
FORD & LIBRARY GERALD
Page ten
First, our military strength in combination with that of our
allies must be of sufficient physical force to stop Communist aggression against
the free peoples of the world. American military strength is vital and
essential but it must be closely coordinated and correlated with the ability
of our economy to sustain such unproductive drains in our natural resources.
A point of squilibrium-not too big, not too small-is a necessity, for our
Armed Forces of the requisite size may have to be mobilized for a considerable
period during the struggle between freedom and totalitarianism.
Second, the soundness of our domestic economy must be preserved
at all costs. The gravest danger to the United States today may well be
inflation rather than communism. Upon the stability of the American economy
depends the stability of the free world. We have lost much ground to
inflation in the past months. Some losses can be regained if all our people
are sufficiently resolute and unselfish and our leaders assume the
statesmanship which the times require.
Third, there must be a higher standard of public service in
executive, legislative and judicial offices throughout America. The decline
in public morals must be checked. It can be checked if there is a sufficient
public awakening to the inherent danger. This can result by exposure and
analysis, and a long-needed resurgence of over-all morality.
Fourth, the United Nations must be strengthened and improved.
In 1945 it was founded in a hope that it would solve all international
problems and be the means of achieving an everlasting world peace. The
FORD & LIBRARY 074870
Page eleven
organization has been successful to a degree in the past. It is still the
best hope for future international security. Obviously revisions are
desirable in its basic structure. However, mere changes in the charter
will not alone achieve the desired results. Substantial and certain
success for the United Nations will inevitably come to pass only when all
the people and the governments of the free world subdue selfish aims for
the common good.
Fifth, last but not least, we must proclaim and clarify to
ourselves, to all the citizens of the free world, and to those unfortunates
behind the Iron Curtain the spiritual significance of the free system, as
the true and liberating revolution of human history. With the highest
motives this must be set forth in very practical terms; it must bring hope of
relief and comfort to the suffering masses in backward nations who through
all their history have not had the benefits of our system of government
which is avowedly dedicated to human dignity.
Tonight we have honored the one hundred and seventy-third birthday
of Old Glory and those valiant sons of our land who are and have been
gallantly defending our nation. In heartfelt appreciation to them and in
respect to our flag let us repeat quietly, reverently, the pledge of
allegiance to the flag, written by Francis Bellamy, who died August 23, 1931:
"I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America
and to the Republic for which it stands, one nation, indivisible, with
liberty and justice for all."
FORD & LIBRARY GERALD
Speekly Representative Jard Jr at May Day
Crimmers in Hand Haven, Michyan Jude 14,7951
FLAG DAY
throughtmic
0+4
This is Flag Day On June 14, 1777 - 173 years ago today - the
Continental Congress adopted a resolution which I quote: "RESOLVED, that
the flag of these 13 United States be 13 stripes, alternate red and white;
that the Union be 13 stars, white in a blue field, representing a new
constellation."
Today we again reaffirm our respect and our allegiance to that flag.
We honor its one hundred and seventy-third birthday.
The story of the origin of Old Glory parallels the origin of our country,
for just as our country received its birthright from the peoples of many
lands who gathered on these shores to found a new Nation, so did the
pattern of the Stars and Stripes arise from diverse origins back into the
mists of antiquity to become emblazoned on the standard of our infant Republic.
The star long has been a symbol of the heavens, of the divine goal to which
man has aspired from time immemorial; while the stripes have been symbolical
of the rays of light emanating from the sun.
Henry Ward Beecher once said, "A thoughtful mind when it sees a nation's flag,
FORD d LIBRARY GERALD
sees not the flag, but the nation italex itself. Whatever may be its symbols,
-2-
its insignia, he reads chiefly in the flag, the government, the principles,
the truths, the history that belong to the nation that sets it forth. The
American flag has been a symbol of liberty, and man rejoiced in it."
"The stars upon it were like the bright morning stars of God, and the stripes
upon it were beams of morning light. As at early dawn the stars shine forth
even while it garn grows light, and then as the sun advances that light breaks
into banks and streaming lines of color, the glowing red and the intense
white striving together, and ribbing the horizon with bars effulgent, so, on
the American flag, stars and beams of many-colored lights shine out together."
Our annual commemoration of Flag Day, first celebrated as such on
June 14, 1916, was inaugurated by a proclamation by our then President, Woodrow
Wilson, reading as follows:
"My fellow countrymen: Many circumstances have recently conspired
to turn our thoughts to a critical examination of the conditions of our national
life, of the influences which have seemed to threaten to divide us in interest
and sympathy, of forces within and forces without that seemed likely to draw
us away from the happy traditions of united purposes and action of which we
GERALD FORD IBRARD
have been so proud. It has, therefore, seemed to me fitting that I should call
-3-
your attention to the approach of the anniversaby of the day upon which the
flag of the United States was adopted by the Congress as the emblem of the
Union, and to suggest to you that it. should this year and in the years to
come be given special significance as a day of renewal and reminder, a day
upon which we should direct our minds with a special desire of renewal to
thoughts of the ideals and principles of which we have sought to make our
great Government the embodiment.
"I therefore suggest and request that throughout the Nation and, if
possible, in every community the 14th day of June be observed as Flag Day,
with special patriotic exercises, at which means shall be taken to give
significant expression to our thoughtful love of America, or comprehension
of the great mission of liberty and justice to which we have devoted ourselves
as a people, our pride in the history and our enthusiasm for the political
program of the Nation, our determination to make it greater and purer with
each generation, and our resolution to demonstrate to all the world its vital
union and sentiment and purpose, accepting only those as true compatriots who
FORD
feel as we do the compulsion of this supreme allegiance. Let us on that day
rededicate ourselves to the Nation 'one and inseparable, from which every
4
thought that is not worthy of our father's first YOURS VOWS of independence,
liberty, and right shall be excluded and in which we shall stand with united
hearts, for an America which no man can corrupt, no influence draw away from
its ideals, no force divide against itself - a nation signally distinguished
among all the nations of mankind for its clear, individual conception alike of
its duties and its privileges, its obligations and its rights."
That proclamation was signed by President Woodrow Wilson on May 13,1916.
Every year since then our country's President has issued a similar
proclamation calling upon Americans to commemorate June 14 as Flag Day.
What significance does Flag Day have for us this year, 34 years after
the original Flag Day in 1916? Our flag is now again a battle flag, the symbol
of our unity in the fight of our country and its allies, to resist, and finally
to crush, the wanton aggression of an ankh atheistic nation and its satellites
that has violated all international law and agreements in order to try to take,
treacherously and ruthlessly, what it wanted from others.
the
of the Arivet leaders in the Kremlen
FORD is LIBRARY 078330
If their efforte to enforce their will upon others should unfortunately
be in peril.
succeed - but it won't - then our own safety and freedoms would become for-
americans feitable at any may time. desagree among themselves as to policy for the
those who would tabe these pringes from Mr.
regeration + protection our freedomy but there is a united front against
-5-
It is unthinkable to permit the rulé of force to be substituted for
justice, to permit might to supplant right, to permit rigid regimentation
to replace collective cooperation, to permit complete censorship, to
squeeze out freedom of the press, to permit dictatorship to drive out democracy.
These drastic methods of government, with the complete loss of our prized
freedoms, and of our individual opportunities to work for the well-being
pender
and happiness of ourselves and our children, would immediately follow the
domination of dictatorships.
Our beautiful red, white, and blue flag is now the bright symbol of
the determination of all good Americans to protect America, to crush its
from within + without
enemies, to perpetuate Americanism and all that Americanism includes, and to
assist other peoples to attain the "four freedoms" - freedom from fear,
freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and freedom from want.
deeply
Flag Day, my fellow Americans, is significant to all of us as an
opportunity to renew our faith in our own representative form of government,
and to renew our mutual determination to protect and to perpetuate our American
freedoms.
FORD & LIBRARY GREATO
-6-
The Revolutionary War won us our existence as a nation; the Civil War
ratified and confirmed it in blood; the Spanish-American War proved that we were
willing to fight for the extension of the principles of freedom to the oppressed
peoples of the American Hemisphere; the two world wars emphasized the purity of the se
motives, and evidenced to the world that Americans were willing to die that our ideals
and principles in Government based on the doctrine of human dignity might be dis-
seminated throughout the globe.
It is to the credit and glory of this country that we have never willing-
ly sought war. We have never entered war for the purpose of commercial advantage
nor of national expansion. Neither greed nor selfishness has ever motivated America's
entrance into war. Always this Nation was impelled to enter war for the sake of
preserving the freedom of our people and the freedom of others. As a result of
this unselfish American spirit our Nation is at the very pinnacle in world affairs.
Although we have fought and won two wars in the last 35 years and are now
involved in another, in the long viewwar at best does not help civilization. Every
war sets civilization back for generations. The toll of war is inestimable. Funda-
mentally money which is spent for weapons to slaughter the people of other nations
is money ill spent. Money which is spent to build ships to wage battles on the
FORD & LIBRARY GERALD
seven seas could better be used to foster the commercial and the cultural growth of
-7-
our people. Money spent to teach the youth of our land to kill the youth
of other lands is money wquandered. I do not deny that military action for
defense of our way of life has been essential in the past. It may be nec-
essary in the future despite our hopes and plans for peace. Nevertheless
we must continue to set our ultimate goal as peace, not war, for only
through peace can civilization march forward.
In this crucial hour of the World's history it is important to
remind ourselves that we are not resisting merely a century-old concept
labeled Communism, or a revolutionary state dating from 1917. What we are
really combating both at home and overseas are forces of military aggression
and tyranny, evil under whatever banner. We are struggling against the police
state which would deny free inquiry, free religion, free art, free music,
free thinking - all the liberties and rights of man. What we are opposing
in America and elsewhere throughout the world is not just Communism, but
treason and subversion and sabotage. For the future well being of mankind
our best efforts must be dedicated to the destruction of these diabolical
evils.
08.00 is LIBRARY GERALD
-8-
To destroy these insidious forces and for the preservation of
our freedoms, the citizens of this great Republic must act collectively at
home. Abroad we must act collectively with our allies if the treacherous
forces of totalitarianism are to be contained and eventually destroyed.
To be successful at home or abroad our policies must be based on
sound and righteous principles. We cannot and must not sacrifice principle
for expediency. If the United States and its allies are to have the respect
and support of the 800 million p& ple of Asia and others behind the Iron
Curtain, we must convince them by our actions that our intentions are above
reproach.
It seems appropriate on this occasion to call your attention to a
letter from a retired Army Captain who recently lost his son in the battle-
fields of Korea. This father well expresses what many of our citizens have
felt over the past months. It reads as follows:
"I have just buried my son at Arlington, a boy who in dying earned
the award next in rank to the Medal of Honor, the Navy Cross.
"My son was killed by a piece of metal; a piece of metal shipped
FORD LIBRARY
to the enemy in all likelihood by our so-called allies whose continuing recog-
'nition and support of our enemy will long live in infamy.
-9-
"He was killed by a piece of metal brought down over supply lines we
were forbidden to bomb, and made into ammunition by power from Korean dams we
were forbidden to destroy; a piece of metal whose transportation was protected
by Red planes we were forbidden to pursue and shoot down.
"The name for the reason this and other bits of metal were transported
and protected until they could kill this boy and other thousands of American boys
is a justly hated and dishonorable one - it is appeasement.
"Our leaders prefer to call it by another name and they excuse it on
the grounds of expediency. It has, they say, given us more time which is but a
paraphrase of, 'peace in our time.' It has, they say, kept us out of a big war.
Those excuses are but echoes of the words of the man with the umbrella at Munich.
"This boy, these boys, fought and died without hope or chance for victory.
when before in our history has America ever committed such a crime against its
fighting sons? Appeasement tied one of their hands; the Reds tied the other,
and so shackled they died.
"The reasons for paying blackmail are always compelling, and the alterna-
tive to paying it is always horrible. Pay or have you house burned down; pay
GERALD FORD LIBRARY
or have your child musdered. The reasons today are no less compelling - pay or
have World War III, pay or have Washington atomic-bombed.
-10
Nevertheless, appeasement or paying blackmail is wrong and does not
work. The child held for ransom has already been killed; the decision to
burn your house down has been made no matter how much blackmail you pay.
Today the Russian decision as to whether and when to attack will not be
altered by our hand-tying appeasement.
"We are paying with beloved human lives to buy time that we might
have for nothing. Our blackmail payments in American blood purchase neither
time nor security."
The words of that fine father seem to express the long pent up feeling
of many of our citizens, particularly those who have loved ones on the battlefields
in far off lands. It has seemed paradoxical that American G.I.s and a limited
number of fighting men from our allies should be valiantly battling the enemy in
Korea while less than all and out opposition to the Chinese Reds and their ob-
jectives has prevailed in high diplomatic and commercial circles.
It is encouraging to report that in recent weeks there has been a stiffen-
ing determination and a straightening of our collective policies in the struggle
against Communist aggression in Korea and elsewhere. The United Nations through
collective action is now acting to prevent the flow of war materiel to the Communists
GERALD
LIBRARY
-11-
in the Far East. The United States is now staunchly committed diplomatically and
militarily to the preservation of Formosa's status quo. The Red China government is
not to be admitted to the United Nations under our present policies. We are assured
that the Chinese Communists cannot "shoot their way" into the United Nations. These
recent developments on the diplomatic front have undoubtedly encouraged our troops
on the battlefields and bolstered the morale of our citizens at home. Let us hope
and pray that we will not again fall into the trap of fence straddling and the
sacrifice of principles for expediency.
insert
At this perilous hour in the history of our Nation we must have a pro-
gram for action, a plan that will maintain the strength and productivity of our
domestic economy and at the same time prevent further Communist aggression against
ourselves and our allies. I strongly suggest and recommend the following:
First, our military strength in combination with that of our allies
must be of sufficient physical force to stop Communist aggression against the free
peoples of the world. American military strength is vital and essential but it
must be closely coordinated and correlated with the ability of our economy to
sustain such unproductive drains in our natural resources. A point of equilibrium -
not too big, not too small - is a necessity, for our Armed Forces of the requisite
GERALD
size CIBRARY may have to be mobilized for a considerable period during the struggle between
freedom and totalitarianism.
-12-
Second, the soundness of our domestic economy must be preserved at
all costs. The gravest danger to the United States today may well be inflation
rather than communism. Upon the stability of the American economy depends the
stability of the free world. We have lost much ground to inflation in the past
months. Some losses can be regained if all our people are sufficiently resolute
and unselfish and our leaders assume the statesmanship which the times require.
Third, there must be a higher standard of public service in executive,
legislative and judicial offices throughout America. The decline in Public morals
must be checked. It can be checked if there is a sufficient public awakening to the
inherent danger. This can result by exposure and analysis, and a long needed resur-
gence of over-all morality.
Fourth, the United Nations must be skrangahk strengthened and improved.
In 1945 it was founded in a hope that it would solve all international problems and
be the means of achieving an everlasting world peace. The organization has been
successful to a degree in the past. It is still the best hope for future international
security. Obviously revisions are desirable in its basic structure. However, mere
changes in the charter will not alone achieve the desired results. Substantial and
FORD
certain LIBE success for the United Nations will inevitably come to pass only when all the
14
people and the governments of the free world subdue selfish aims for the common good.
-13-
Fifth, last but not least, we must proclaim and clarify to ourselves,
to all the citizens of the free world, and to those unfortunates behind the Iron
Curtain the spiritual significance of the free system, as the true and liberating
revolution of human history. With the highest motives this must be set forth in
very practical terms; it must bring hope of relief and comfort to the suffering
masses in backward nations who through all their history have not had the benefits
of our system of government which is avowedly dedicated to human dignity.
Tonight we have honored the one hundred and seventy-third birthday of
and those valiant sons four land who are of have been reverently,
Old Glory and so will you repeat with me now, quietly,/the pledge of allegiance to
the flag, written by Francis Bellamy, who died August 23, 1931: "I pledge allegiance
to the flag of the United States of America and to the Repubic for which it stands,
one nation, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all."
to them & in respect to our Flay let us
gallanthy defenling our natur. In hearthelt appreciation repeat
FORD i LIBRARY GERALD
(This page presents the opinion of the Editor. The news pages are written by other staff members independently of these editorial views.)
OLD PRINCIPLES NEVER DIE
BY DAVID LAWRENCE
T
HE LESSONS of history teach us that, while the cir-
to visit the territory beyond the 38th parallel? Are na-
cumstances of human conduct may vary in scope or
tions which become aggressors to go scot free so that
intensity, the fundamental principles of human be-
they can at their convenience regroup and reorganize
havior remain the same throughout the ages.
and begin anew their aggressions?
The man who always takes counsel of his fears in-
vites attack.
Admiral Sherman, Chief of Naval Operations,
The nation which proclaims its own weakness and
spoke last week in a somewhat different voice from that
allows its dread of war to be construed as a fear of war
which we have been hearing from his colleagues in the
will find itself engaged in war because that's the signal
Joint Chiefs of Staff. He drew attention to an old, old
for an aggressor to fling his challenge.
principle of international law-the economic blockade.
America is today the most powerful nation in the
He showed how it could be effective if the United Na-
world in resources and industrial organization.
tions proclaimed it. The basic principle always has
But mere machines do not win wars or prevent them.
been to deprive the enemy of supplies. That's one of
It is only the spirit of a nation which, if indomitable
the very things which General MacArthur has advo-
and courageous, can win victory.
cated. Why has it taken so long for this age-old prin-
ciple to be brought into public discussion among the
What is this strange defeatism that seems to
U.N. members?
have become the voice of America today? What official
Tons upon tons of valuable war materials have been
counsels have persuaded the President of the United
shipped, primarily in British ships, to aid Red China-
States to emphasize in public speeches not only our al-
as disclosed by Admiral Sherman's testimony. This is
leged unreadiness to fight but our fear of a fight? It
a record which cannot be brushed aside by our allies.
implies a willingness to accept peace at any price lest
The British Minister of Trade offered last week the
we face the horrors of war.
technical excuse against blockade that Britain and
If this means that we have become pacifists in doc-
China are still "not at war." Let him tell that to the
trine, then we are dishonoring the men who have fought
British troops in Korea! Fidelity in alliances is one of
for the United States in the past.
the oldest principles of international behavior.
If we are afraid to risk fighting a war to win vic-
We are engaged in a war in the Far East, but we
tory, then we never should have ordered our troops into
seem to be timid about fighting it vigorously to an
Korea. To the American boys fighting in Korea, war is
early conclusion. We seem to be waiting for the enemy
just as horrible already as it would be to the civilians in
to take over Asia and then to attack us in Europe.
American cities that might be bombed.
As far back as 432 B.C., just before the Peloponne-
To tell the American people repeatedly that, because
sian War, Thucydides narrates that Corinth, appealing
their cities may be bombed, they should refrain from
to her ally, Lacedaemon, stated her case thus:
pursuing to its victorious conclusion a war in which we
"And so we have met at last, but with difficulty! And
are already engaged, is to tell them, in effect, that in-
even now we have no definite object.
The aggressor
evitably they must accept any "settlement" which our
is not now threatening, but advancing. He has made up
potential enemies shall dictate.
his mind, while we are resolved about nothing. And we
What has come over some of our military men who
know too well how by slow degrees and with stealthy
now testify that to win is not the object of war and that
steps the Athenians encroach upon their neighbors.
a stalemate in Korea is a "victory"?
While they think that you are too dull to observe them,
Have our military men been ordered to speak the
they are more careful, but when they know that you
"party line" of a vacillating Administration? Other-
wilfully overlook their aggressions, they will strike and
wise, what is the meaning of these statements we are
not spare.
hearing that, if the Red Chinese aggressors will oblige
"Of all Hellenes, Lacedaemonians, you are the only
us by making peace at the 38th parallel, this will be ac-
people who never do anything: on the approach of an
cepted as a "victory"?
enemy you are content to defend yourselves against
Does this mean that our 140,000 casualties incurred
him, not by acts, but by intentions, and seek to over-
since June 26, 1950, have been wasted, and that we are
throw him, not in the infancy but in the fulness of his
FOR
to be satisfied with a return to the situation then exis-
strength. How came you to be considered safe?"
GRAPLO
tent-when a U.N. commission was not even permitted
Old principles never die!
U.S. NEWS & WORLD REPORT
JUNE 8, 1951
as americans must machtain this spirt for the benefit 4th free world,
Flay represents that Agent and not the few in the mends we
What It Takes to Fire a Howitzer Barrage
DANGER
EXPLOSIVES
EXPLOSIVES
+
+
+
+
DANGER
+
TNT
I
EXPLOSIVES
EXPLOSIVES
ROWDER
TNT
Steel
Men
Brass
Smokeless Powder
Civilian Manhours
500 lbs.
2600 lbs:
7
600 lbs:
300 lbs.
1400 hrs.
$2800.00 An Hour and worth every penny of it! Even
privileges as free men and women.
though the cost of freedom might seem staggering in
Skill and speed in our work keep freedom a part-
terms of a single howitzer barrage-in terms of civilian
time job enable us to enjoy a richer spiritual and
effort, our freedom is the biggest bargain in the history
material life. But even if freedom were a full-time job,
of mankind. On an average, we work less than two
it would be well worth the effort as millions of en-
hours a day to pay the cost of defending our rights and
slaved people would testify if they could.
Above figures are given with due regard to security.
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