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Boy Scouts, February 8, 1958
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Boy Scouts, February 8, 1958
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The original documents are located in Box D15, folder "Boy Scouts, February 8, 1958" of
the Ford Congressional Papers: Press Secretary and Speech File at the Gerald R. Ford
Presidential Library.
Copyright Notice
The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of
photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. The Council donated to the United
States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections.
Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public
domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to
remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid
copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
40th annuersary Troop R. ,ORD 15.
RALD LIBRARY
4). W hat is The Challenge Itdy
Our Smokens are Thom of
1). Honor to attend
Science
Those who were members four
service
FORD & LIBRARY GERALD
Tromp. from 1924-1929
a]. Scratmasters chuch Tan till
Throughou fthe greatest ena
1]. Engla twin, Cd Flank, Pat Lash,
of Scientific advancement in
2) In These lays when all 2
bistory of man.
pea are So premaryied with
young in men ner here balaratones are muld
appropriate to see in companen
what progress has been made
from those days 30 yrs ap
The mapanum benefits we must
However if we are to denie
have Thomas who will serve in The
3). W hat does This prove ?
Inonter of America
Under a goot that grandor
Service 4 in " grot The charch
protects the mights fther includerela,
=
:
our schools
#
where opportunity throto In compane,
A
livic organizations.
PROGR 555 and is made.
Digitized from Box D15 of The Ford Congressional Papers: Press Secretary and Speech File at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library
speech : By Scot
Fet 8,1958
R. FORD E
D.W hat is The Challenge study
to the Trop 15
Our Smontine are Thom of
Science
D. Honor to attend of represent
service
Those who were members for
Tromp. from 1824-1929
Threathold The greatest lia
a] Scratmasters chuch Tan lill
of Scientific advancement in
bisting 2 man.
i]. Enga twin, Cd fink, Pathers,
young in men rer here balaratoris are muld
2) In These lays when all
Ma are So premaried with
appropriate to see in comparen
However if we are to denie
what propess has been made
The mapanism benefits we must
have Thoras who will serve the
from Those days 30 you ago
Ironter of America
Service 4 in " grot the charch
3). W hat does This prove ?
"
"
our school
Under a grat that gradon
s
livic organizations.
protects the nights fthe
PROGR 655 and is made.
where opportunity shoots for example,
speech: By Scout
Fet 8,1958
FORD & LIBRARY OFRALD
SCIENCE-SUPPLEMENT
SCIENCE NEWS
Science Service, Washington, D. C.
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS DURING 1925
found by Professor Ernest W. Brown, of Yale University,
Agriculture
to have been four seconds late, due partly to uncertainty
as to the moon's actual position in space.
Chemical analysis of the cotton plant, and discovery
The puzzling shadow bands which appear before and
that trimethylamine is the odorous substance that attracts
after total eclipses of the sun were traced to rising warm
the boll weevil, was reported by scientists of the United
air currents by Dr. Charles Clayton Wylie, of Iowa Uni-
States Department of Agriculture.
versity.
Studies based on this eclipse showed that the sun's
Anthropology
corona is approximately 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit, or
A prehistoric skull, which may be another link in the
only half as hot as earlier calculations had indicated.
chain of human evolution, was found at Taungs in South
The total eclipse of the sun, which was visible along a
Africa. It is said to be older than the ape man of Java
path from Buffalo, through Ithaca, Poughkeepsie, New
and half way between the higher apes and man.
Haven and Nantucket, was observed by more than
Excavations in Florida revealed human remains closely
20,000,000 people, more than ever before observed such a
associated with the bones of mammoth under circum-
phenomenon. For the first time in history such an
stances thought to indicate that prehistoric elephants sur-
eclipse was observed from a dirigible balloon, the Los
vived in America longer than previously supposed.
Angeles, of the U. S. Navy, by a party of astronomers
The Gobi Desert expedition of the American Museum
from the U. S. Naval Observatory. Astronomers from the
of Natural History discovered in Mongolia abundant
Harvard College Observatory, Mt. Wilson Observatory,
traces of Old Stone Age culture. Among other things,
Sproul Observatory of Swarthmore College, Allegheny
they learned that ancient man made ornaments out of the
Observatory, Lowell Observatory and others went to
still more ancient dinosaur eggs.
points along the path of totality to photograph it, while
Human remains of prehistoric times were found in a
astronomers at Cornell University, Vassar College, Yale
cave in Crimea together with skeletons of mammoths, cave
University and Wesleyan University observed it from
hyenas and cave bears, characteristic of the later days
their own observatories.
of the Old Stone Age.
Many spectrum lines, indicating the presence of oxygen
The skull of a hitherto unknown race of the Neander-
and other chemical elements, were photographed at the
thal type of ancient cave men was discovered near Caper-
eclipse for the first time by Dr. H. D. Curtis, of the Alle-
naum in Galilee.
gheny Observatory at Pittsburgh. These photographs
A French-American expedition explored northern
were of the flash spectrum, which can be seen just before
Africa and found evidences of prehistoric men similar to
and after a total eclipse, and of the corona, which is seen
those of southern Europe.
during totality. They were made by red and infra red
Dr. Edward Sapir, Canadian anthropologist, announced
light.
that he had discovered striking resemblances between
Astronomers from the Naval Observatory at Washing-
American Indian dialects and the ancient Chinese lan-
ton, the Sproul Observatory at Swarthmore College, the
guage.
Allegheny Observatory at Pittsburgh, the Mt. Wilson
Ten prehistoric stone tombs containing valuable relics
Observatory in California, Harvard University, the U. S.
were unearthed from an ancient Indian mound near
Bureau of Standards and institutions in Europe, sailed
Cartersville, Georgia.
for Sumatra to prepare for the observation of a total
A hoard of valuable pearls was discovered in a pre-
eclipse of the sun which will be seen there on January
historic Indian mound in Ohio.
14, 1926.
Photographs made by Dr. Edwin P. Hubble, of the Mt.
Archeology
Wilson Observatory, California, with the great 100-inch
An expedition to excavate Armageddon, famous ancient
telescope showed that the spiral nebulae, and certain ir-
battleground in central Palestine, was organized by the
regular nebulae, consisted of great swarms of stars at
Oriental Museum of the University of Chicago.
vast distances. The nearest are so far away that their
The Russian Geographical Society's expedition to Tibet
light takes about a million years to reach us, and they
returned with an extensive collection of ancient relics,
were therefore shown to be "island universes," similar
some of which indicate that 2,000 years ago a Mongolian
to our own stellar system of which the sun and the other
civilization flourished which had contact with Hellenic
stars in the Milky Way and also those seen in other
culture.
parts of the sky are parts.
The antiquity of the Phoenician alphabet was set back
Eleven comets, an unprecedented number for one year,
from 850 B. C. to the fifteenth century B. C. by discovery
were discovered; two by American astronomers, Professor
of old inscriptions.
George Van Biesbroeck, of the Yerkes Observatory, and
Leslie C. Peltier, an amateur of Delphos, Ohio; two others
Astronomy
by amateur astronomers in South Africa and two in Rus-
"The total eclipse of the sun on January 24, 1925, was
sia. Some of the eleven were old friends returning on
xii
SCIENCE-SUPPLEMENT
one of their periodic visits, while others were new ones.
A new method of killing protozoa, the minute animals
A "nova," or new star, was discovered in the constella-
that inhabit the digestive tracts and blood systems of man,
tion of Pictor, the "Painter," in the southern skies on
animals and insects, by an overdose of oxygen, has been
May 25 by an amateur astronomer in South Africa,
discovered by Dr. L. R. Cleveland, of the Johns Hopkins
named Watson.
University. While these minute animals are often harm-
The sun's present mass will supply light and heat for
less and sometimes helpful, there are some that are the
the next fifteen trillion years, and, as the sun may gather
cause of such diseases as malaria, sleeping sickness and
up more matter as it passes among the stars, it may con-
dysentery.
tinue longer, according to reports made to the American
Success in preserving the last herds of American bison
Mathematical Society. Study of sunspots in relation to
from extinction was reported from Canada.
weather continued, and Dr. H. H. Clayton, former head
For the first time, male sex glands were successfully
of the forecasting department of the Argentine Weather
transplanted in animals and made to persist in normal
Service, predicted that other nations would follow Argen-
condition.
tina's example in applying observations of solar radiation
A scientific survey of America's fresh water food re-
to forecasting.
sources was inaugurated by the National Research
The craters on the moon were caused by the explosions
Council.
of millions of meteors, after hitting the moon with a
speed as high as 50 miles a second, according to a new
Chemistry
theory proposed by A. C. Gifford, of New Zealand. The
Mercury was transmuted into gold. Professor A.
theory that the moon is made of material that was once
Miethe, of the Berlin Technical High School, found that
part of the earth's crust and that was peeled off by
mercury vapor lamps became obscured after long usage
attraction of the sun was advanced by Dr. R. H. Rastall,
by a sooty substance which on analysis proved to be
at Cambridge University.
partly gold. Artificial production of gold from mercury
A branch of the Harvard College Observatory was es-
by the application of strong electrical forces was also an-
tablished in the nitrate desert of northern Chile, the high-
nounced by Professor Nagaoka, of Tokyo.
est driest desert in the world, to aid in the observation
Dutch scientists claimed to have transmuted lead into
of stars too far south to be seen from Cambridge. A
mercury and thallium.
branch of the Yale University Observatory was estab-
Methods of reclaiming old automobile oil were reported
lished in South Africa with the completion of a 26-inch
by several investigators.
refracting telescope. This observatory will supplement
Vitamin C, the preventive of scurvy, was obtained for
the work done at New Haven, Conn., by Dr. Frank Schles-
the first time concentrated into crystalline form.
inger, director of the observatory, in finding the distances
Two missing chemical elements, numbers 43 and 75,
of the stars.
were discovered by means of spectra obtained by passing
Aviation and Aeronautics
a beam of X-rays through concentrated solutions of rare
minerals. Dr. Walter Noddack, of Berlin, the discoverer,
The U.S. dirigible Shenandoah was wrecked by a storm
named them masurium and rhenium.
in Ohio, with great loss of life.
Production of methanol, or wood alcohol, from coal,
An attempt was made by U. S. airplanes to fly to the
was invented and developed in Germany. Experiments
Hawaiian Islands, but it was not successful.
with this German synthetic methanol, at the Harvard
A new type of airplane, the autogiro, invented in Spain,
Medical School, showed it to be as poisonous as wood or
was tested and praised by the British Air Ministry. It
methyl alcohol.
obtains its lift in part by large propeller-like rotating
A new process by which "pure" aluminum-contain-
wings.
ing less than two one hundredths of one per cent. of im-
Biology
purity-can be made commercially, was reported.
A chemical test by which the sex of plants or animals
Rare elements, such as lithium, vanadium and nickel,
can be determined from a few drops of plant juices or
were found in petroleum ash in quantities sufficient to
blood was worked out in Russia and applied by scientists
warrant their extraction from the ashes of petroleum
of the Carnegie Institution of Washington.
cokes and to be used as future sources of these substances.
Evidence that a severed optic nerve can reunite and at
least partially recover its function was obtained by study
Evolution
of rats at the University of Chicago.
The state of Tennessee passed a law forbidding the
The pituitary gland was completely removed from dogs
teaching of evolution in public schools and universities.
by surgeons of Johns Hopkins Hospital without killing
The testing of this law, by the trial of John T. Scopes,
the animals, an operation previously considered as pro-
of Dayton, Tennessee, in July, was one of the most dra-
ductive of certain death.
matic events of the year. The verdict of the lower court
Star-fish and sea urchins were developed from unfer-
was conviction. The constitutionality of the law will be
tilized eggs at the University of Chicago with only ultra-
tested before the Supreme Court of the state in Janu-
violet light for a father.
ary, 1926.
Silkworms were successfully vaccinated against a bac-
Life existed on the earth when the oldest known rocks
terial disease by Dr. R. W. Glaser, of the Rockefeller In-
were formed. Dr. John W. Gruner, of the University of
stitute for Medical Research.
Minnesota, found fossil remains of blue-green algae in
xiv
SCIENCE-SUPPLEMENT
Archaean rocks which were once believed to have been
The rotor ship, which uses wind power by means of
formed by the direct cooling of a molten earth.
rotating cylinders instead of by sails, was invented in
The biggest lot of dinosaur bones ever found in one
Germany by Dr. Flettner.
place was unearthed in Tanganyika, formerly German
r
C. Francis Jenkins, of Washington, D. C., reported that
East Africa.
he had successfully sent moving pictures by radio from
Chemical affinities between the blood of apes and man,
one room of his laboratory to another and that long range
much closer than that between the tailed monkeys and
radio movies had been proved practicable.
man, was shown by serological tests at the Rockefeller
Synthetic "wool" was commercially produced from
Institute.
wood by processing similar to that used in making rayon
Evidence of the process of evolution actively going on
or artificial silk.
was discovered in snails of the South Seas. The di-
A gas mask effective against all poisonous gases, pro-
vergencies shown did not produce distinct species, but the
vided they are not too strongly concentrated, was devel-
existence of divergent individuals of adult growth showed
oped by the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
"that mutation is a real and contemporaneous process."
Medioine and Physiology
Geography
The Maud, Captain Amundsen's ship, returned after
The use of delicate electric needles to replace the sur-
three years of drifting in Arctic ice and Dr. Harald
geon's knife and render surgery less painful and danger-
Sverdrup reported tidal observations that indicate there
ous was announced by Dr. Howard A. Kelly, of Johns
is no land in the unexplored Arctic area.
Hopkins University.
A great submarine current which runs from the North
A new chemical substance composed partly of arsenic
Atlantic and comes to the surface again 2,000 miles
and bismuth was found effective in the treatment of syph-
south of the equator was discovered by the German ship,
ilis by scientists of the Pasteur Institute in Paris.
Meteor.
Successful use of radium in the treatment of leprosy
Experiments to see whether ships could detect hidden
was reported by the Kalihi Leper Receiving Hospital at
icebergs by the sonic depth recorder were made by U.S.
Honolulu.
Coast Guard cutters.
Eggs from hens deprived of sunlight were found to
Perfection of a new sounding device especially designed
lack vitamin which prevents rickets in children, while the
for speedy mapping of the ocean floor by means of echoes
eggs of hens receiving sunlight had this important food
from the sea bottom was announced.
factor.
Eggs do not have to be fresh to retain their vitamins,
Geology
because nine-year-old eggs were still found rich in vitamin
The City of Santa Barbara, California, was badly dam-
A, in experiments conducted by the U. S. Bureau of
aged by a heavy earthquake in June; another earthquake
Chemistry.
shook Montana and neighboring states at the same time.
The parathyroid gland, one of the ductless glands
New England and eastern Canada were shaken by an
situated in the throat in the region of the Adam's apple,
earthquake on February 28.
secretes a hormone that prevents tetany, a condition of
The U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, the Jesuit Seis-
spasms and stiffening of the muscles.
mological Association and Science Service of Washington,
A new dietary factor that prevents pellagra has been
cooperating with seismological observatories in the United
found in fresh milk, brewers' yeast and fresh beef, by
States and foreign countries, have perfected a method of
scientists of the U. N. Public Health Service.
quickly and accurately locating the epicenters, or points
(To be continued.)
of greatest motion, of earthquakes.
Foot prints of animals that lived twenty-five million
ITEMS
years ago were found in primitive rocks 950 feet below
the top of the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River.
A CAREFUL analysis of cancer statistics gathered by the
They are believed to have been crustaceans and am-
U.S. Census Bureau over a period of about twenty years
phibians.
in ten Eastern states reveals definitely that cancer mor-
Rich deposits of platinum have been found in the
tality is from 25 to 30 per cent. higher than it was about
Transvaal.
twe ty years ago. This is the claim of Dr. J. W.
Inventions
Schereschewsky, of the U. S. Public Health Service, who
A boiler in which the flame burns in direct contact with
made the statistical analysis and reported it to the Amer-
water, thereby eliminating much of the heat loss common
ican Medical Association. "There has been a pronounced
in other boilers, was invented by a Belgian scientist.
increase in the observed death rate from cancer in persons
An airplane gasoline tank which can be completely rid-
forty years old and over in the ten states comprising the
dled by explosive bullets without bursting into flames or
original death registration area," Dr. Schereschewsky
leaking was developed in Vienna.
said. "Part of this increase is due to greater precision
A system of musical stenography by which the full
and accuracy in the filling out of death returns, but the
orchestrated score can be taken down as it is played was
remainder is an actual increase in the mortality of the
devised by M. Henry Raymond in Switzerland.
disease."
SCIENCE-SUPPLEMENT
SCIENCE NEWS
Science Service, Washington, D. C.
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS DURING 1925
so that countries of the world might be kept informed of
(Continued)
disease conditions, and warned of alarming changes in the
plague areas of the Far East.
Medicine
Complications from scarlet fever, such as inflammation
The causal organism of one type of cancer was isolated
of the joints, infections of the ear, nose and throat, can
and photographed by means of the ultramicroscope, ac-
be avoided by early use of the antitoxin perfected by Dr.
cording to the claim of English workers.
G. F. Dick and Dr. Abraham Zingher, according to re-
The germ which causes distemper in dogs was discov-
ports made by them.
ered by Professor Robert C. Green, of the University of
Milk, olive oil and some other foods which had been
Minnesota.
exposed to ultra-violet light were found to have the same
Certain soil bacteria were found to have the same ef-
curative effects on children suffering from rickets as
fect on plant growth as vitamins have on animal growth,
doses of cod-liver oil or exposure of the patients them-
by Dr. Florence A. Mockeridge, of Swansea, England.
selves to ultra-violet rays.
A vaccine made from infected cattle ticks was found
Researches at the Carnegie Institution's Department of
an effective protection against Rocky Mountain spotted
Genetics showed that determination of sex must be con-
fever.
sidered from a physiological, chemical and biological
Chicago bacteriologist found bacteria living in oil wells
standpiont, and that changes in the rate of living of the
more than 1,000 feet deep. This is a record depth for
organism may be even more fundamental in determining
living organisms on land.
sex than the make up of the cell itself.
Hoof and mouth disease of cattle was fought in Den-
A new and powerful antiseptic, derived from the coal-
mark with serum treatment instead of by slaughtering
tar product resorcinol and called "hexyl-resorcinol," was
the herds.
made by Dr. Veader Leonard, of Johns Hopkins.
Dr. A. Besredka, a Russian scientist working at the
A new X-ray machine, in which the photographic plate
Pasteur Institute in Paris, discovered that deadly germs
is exposed only when the heart is quiet between beats,
may be entirely harmless if planted in tissue on which
made it possible to take clearer X-ray pictures of condi-
they are not accustomed to prey.
tions in the lungs, was developed at the University of
An extract obtained from the liver of animals was
Pennsylvania.
found to be effective in lowering high blood pressure of
A new cure for hookworm, as effective as carbon tetra-
human subjects and may prove to be as effective in its
chloride, was discovered by Drs. Maurice C. Hall and J. F.
field as insulin is in treating diabetes.
Shillinger, of the U. S. Department of Agriculture.
Extract from the parathyroid glands was found to be
useful in speeding up the healing of broken bones.
The causative organism of sleeping sickness, encepha-
Physics
litis lethargica, was, according to claims, identified as a
Penetrating radiation of cosmic origin was discovered
minute filter passing organism.
by Dr. R. A. Millikan to be made up of "ultra X-rays"
A new synthetic substitute for cocaine which can be
a thousand times shorter than the shorter and hitherto
used as a local anesthetic, has been discovered in Ger-
most powerful rays known. It is believed they are evi-
many. It was named "totokain" and is prepared from
dences of the formation of matter throughout all space.
some of the intermediate products in the manufacture
Cathode rays, shot through a metallic window in a
of artificial rubber.
vacuum tube, were found to kill bacteria and insects and
The thymus gland, an obscure ductless gland in the
produce other striking physiological and physical effects.
neck, was found to have influence on egg production in
Professor Gilbert N. Lewis announced a new theory of
the case of pigeons.
radiation based on the Einstein view of time, which
Rats from which the thyroid gland has been removed,
makes a distant star and the eye-ball of an observer come
and which were suffering from cretinism as a result, were
into virtual contact.
made to grow normally again by extra doses of pituitary
A method for making sheets of steel so thin that they
extract.
could be seen through like glass was invented by Dr.
Propylene, a gas closely related to ethylene, was found
Karl Mueller, of Berlin.
to possess important anesthetic powers.
Hafnium, one of the latest discovered chemical ele-
Vitamin E, the presence of which in foods is necessary
ments, has been found to be of practical value in the
for reproduction of offspring, was shown to be present in
making of filaments in electric lights.
a large variety of vegetable and animal substances.
An ether drift experiment, by Professors A. A. Michel-
A process of quantitatively measuring the flow of the
son and H. G. Gale, of the University of Chicago, in
blood, sought for during the past two centuries, was dis-
which the speed of two beams of light, one traveling east
covered at Yale University.
and the other west, when compared, indicated that the
The League of Nations established the broadcasting of
ether is not appreciably dragged along with the earth in
health reports from a radio station in French Indo-China,
its rotation, confirming Einstein's theory.
Science Mag., V. 63, n. S., Jan. - June, 1926
x
SCIENCE-SUPPLEMENT
SCIENCE NEWS
Science Service, Washington, D. C.
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES DURING 1927
stitution. Many large sunspots were observed, and mag-
ASTRONOMY
netic storms on the earth took place in apparent con-
junction with them.
An amateur astronomer named Blathwayt, at Braam-
The possibility that stars may be liquid was advanced
fontein, South Africa, discovered a new comet on Janu-
by Professor J. H. Jeans, English astronomer.
ary 13.
Basalt, a rock common on the earth, is not present on
An amateur astronomer, William Reid, of Rondebosch,
the surface of the moon, Dr. Fred E. Wright, of the
South Africa, discovered a new comet on January 26.
Carnegie Institution, told members of the National Acad-
The Pons-Winnecke comet, which made one of its
emy of Sciences.
sexennial visits to the earth's neighborhood, was detected
"The sun and the near-by stars may be in a vast cloud
on March 3 by Dr. George Van Biesbroeck, of the
of cosmic 'dust,''' said Professor Edward S. King, of
Yerkes Observatory, Williams Bay, Wis. It came within
the Harvard Observatory, thus causing the more distant
3,500,000 miles of the earth on June 27, closer, with one
stars to appear redder than the nearer ones," an effect
exception, than any comet had been known to come in the
that has actually been observed.
past.
The radius of the universe was estimated as one hun-
A new comet was discovered on March 10 by Dr. Carl
dred million light years by Professor E. T. Whitaker,
L. Stearns, of the Van Vleck Observatory of Connecticut
of Edinburgh University, in a report to the British Asso-
Wesleyan University.
ciation for the Advancement of Science.
The Grigg-Skjellerup comet was discovered on March
In the hands of amateur astronomers in all parts of
30 by Dr. George Van Biesbroeck, of the Yerkes Obser-
the world, his invention of the spectrohelioscope may
vatory.
go far towards solving outstanding solar mysteries, Dr.
An Australian justice of the peace and amateur
George Ellery Hale, honorary director of the Mt. Wilson
astronomer, Walter F. Gale, discovered a new comet on
Observatory, declared.
June 7.
A 60-inch reflecting telescope, the largest in the south-
Schaumasse's periodic comet was observed on its re-
ern hemisphere and the third largest in the world, was
turn on October 4 by Professor Van Biesbroeck, of the
ordered for the new South African station of the Har-
Yerkes Observatory, and possibly by Gerald Merton, of
vard College Observatory, which will replace the former
the British Royal Observatory, a little earlier.
station at Arequipa, Peru.
Encke's comet, a periodic visitor, was found on Novem-
The solar wave-lengths in the unexplored regions of
ber 12 as it came near the earth again, by Professor
the spectrum were mapped by the U. S. Bureau of Stand-
George Van Biesbroeck, of the Yerkes Observatory.
ards in cooperation with Allegheny Observatory.
A naked-eye comet visible in both the northern and
The largest disk of optical glass ever cast in the
southern hemispheres was discovered on December 3 by
United States was made by the U. S. Bureau of Stand-
J. F. Skjellerup, Australian amateur, and was visible
ards, the reflecting telescope blank being of borosilicat
just before Christmas.
crown glass, 70 inches in diameter and 121/2 inches thick.
A new star was located in the Milky Way by Dr.
Max Wolf, of the Heidelberg Observatory in Germany.
PHYSICS
A comet and a nova, or new star, were discovered
A new theory of the mechanics of atoms was enunci-
within three days by two German astronomers, Drs. A.
ated by the Swiss physicist, Schrodinger, which, in brief,
Schwassman and Wachmann.
holds that electrons and other units of matter are wave
Professor Joel Stebbins, of the University of Wiscon-
systems like ordinary light and X-rays.
sin, announced the discovery that the satellites of Jupiter
The 1927 Nobel prize for physics was awarded jointly
always keep the same side turned toward their parent
to Professor Arthur H. Compton, of the University of
planet, just as the moon does toward the earth.
Chicago, and Dr. C. T. R. Wilson, of the University of
An eclipse of the sun on June 29, visible in England
Cambridge, for their researches on X-rays and radium
and Norway, was seen at certain points along the path of
radiation.
totality by astronomers from the British Royal Observa-
The tercentennial of the death of Isaac Newton was
tory and the Hamburg Observatory in Germany, though
celebrated by scientists all over the world.
American astronomers in Norway were unable to see
Dr. Dayton C. Miller, of the Case School of Applied
any of it on account of cloudy weather.
Science, at Cleveland, Ohio, repeated experiments that
The aid of the Canadian Mounted Police, Catholic mis-
may show that the earth is drifting through the ether.
sionaries to the Eskimoes, fur trappers and others was
Sound-waves vibrating far too rapidly to be heard
asked by Dr. Willard J. Fisher, of the Harvard College
produced such curious effects as the emulsion of a candle
Observatory, in observing the total eclipse of the moon
in water, Professor R. W. Wood, of the Johns Hopkins
on June 15.
University said, in describing to the National Academy
Discovery of just how the solar radiation varies was
of Sciences work which he had performed in collabora-
announced by Dr. C. G. Abbot, of the Smithsonian In-
tion with Alfred L. Loomis.
xii
SCIENCE-SUPPLEMENT
Cathode rays from the tube recently invented by Dr.
growth of certain plants and had other effects on life.
W. D. Coolidge, of the Research Laboratory of the
That the germs of tuberculosis contain a previously
General Electric Company, have been found to be like
unknown compound, a phosphorous-containing fat, was
sunlight in their power to give certain substances the
discovered by Professor R. J. Anderson, of Yale Uni-
quality of preventing rickets.
versity.
An instrument known as the thermionic microammeter,
Making of synthetic rubber from coal on a commer-
able to measure one five-billionth of an ammeter, was
cial scale was announced by the German chemical trust.
developed by the laboratory of the General Electric Co.,
Electroplating of rubber from latex or colloidal solu-
at Lynn, Mass.
tions of rubber was developed upon an industrial scale.
The grid glow relay, invention of D. D. Knowles,
Hydrogenation of coal to produce liquid fuels resem-
Westinghouse engineer, which operates on a billionth of
bling petroleum reached the point of commercial appli-
a watt of electrical power, was demonstrated.
cation.
Discovery of a new electrical insulator was announced
Progress in the further synthesis of chemicals from
by Dr. Abram Joffe, a Russian scientist visiting the
cheap raw materials was made.
United States.
Cornstalks were utilized experimentally as a source of
A highly successful process of television, by wire and
cellulose for paper and artificial silk.
radio, the development of the Bell Laboratories under
New denaturants for alcohol were developed, some of
the direction of Dr. Herbert E. Ives, was demonstrated
them being produced by synthesis from petroleum
on April 7.
products.
The televox, an apparatus by which the telephoned
The U. S. Bureau of Standards discovered that
note of a tuning-fork can be used to extinguish lights,
duralumin can be protected against corrosion by coating
start and stop electric fans, and operate other devices,
with pure aluminum.
was exhibited by its inventor, R. J. Wensley.
The non-magnetic ship Carnegie was overhauled pre-
ENGINEERING
paratory to a lengthy scientific cruise to begin next year.
The U. S. Army developed a new fire-control instru-
Metal shrinks when it is magnetized, Professor S. R.
ment for anti-aircraft artillery, which makes it possible
Williams, of Amherst College, stated.
for one man to aim any desired number of guns.
The conclusion that nebulium, the strange "element"
A new 3-inch anti-aircraft gun firing 15-pound shells
supposed to exist in such bodies as the great cloud of
at the rate of about one every two seconds was developed
glowing gas in the star group of Orion, is merely oxygen
by the U. S. Army.
and nitrogen was reached by Dr. I. S. Bowen, of the
The six-mile Moffat tunnel under James Peak, Colo.,
Norman Bridge Laboratory of Physics.
was completed.
Dr. Paul R. Heyl, of the U. S. Bureau of Standards,
The Holland vehicular tunnel between New Jersey and
announced the determination after three years' work of
New York City was opened to traffic.
the Newtonian constant of gravitation as the fraction
The United States Steel Corporation inaugurated an
6.664 over a hundred million; a value ten times more
extensive program of research into the fundamental prob-
accurate than the previously accepted value.
lems of the industry.
The "quantum," the "atom" of which modern
A device for detecting one part of mercury in 20,000,-
physicists suppose that light and other radiations con-
000 parts of the atmosphere was developed by the Gen-
sist, may be divided was indicated by experiments by
eral Electric Company.
Dr. A. J. Dempster, of the University of Chicago.
Diphenyl oxide, a white chemical with a powerful odor
The wind velocity of the hurricane that wrecked Miami
like geraniums, was experimented with as a substitute
on September 18, 1926, was determined as 132 miles an
for water in steam boilers, in an endeavor to increase
hour, which was stated to be the highest on record, by
their efficiency.
Benjamin C. Kadel of the U. S. Weather Bureau.
More durable paper currency resulting from tests of
the U. S. Bureau of Standards resulted in estimated sav-
CHEMISTRY
ings of one million dollars a year.
An acoustical plaster which absorbs most of the sound
Experiments by H. S. Cooper, of Cleveland, Ohio,
falling upon it was developed by the U. S. Bureau of
showed that the light-weight metal beryllium or its alloys
Standards.
is suitable for airship frames and light-weight pistons.
Methods of making low-cost roads of gravel, sand
The new chemical element rhenium was obtained in
and clay were developed.
pure form by its original discoverers, Drs. Walter and
Ida Noddack.
GEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY
Metallic vanadium was obtained for the first time by
Scientists of twenty-five nations, meeting at Prague,
J. W. Marden and M. N. Rich, of the Westinghouse
passed resolutions recommending an international co-
Lamp Co.
operative study of "ocean deeps.''
A record making deposit of borax, in the form of a
Floods in the lower Mississippi Valley and in New
new mineral called rasorite, was discovered in California
England were the worst that had ever been recorded.
by C. M. Rasor.
That the Mississippi floods may be due to the gradual
Professor David I. Macht, of the Johns Hopkins Uni-
sinking of the lower valley of the river, closer and closer
versity, announced that polarized light speeded the
to sea-level, was suggested by Dr. David E. White, geolo-
xiv
SCIENCE-SUPPLEMENT
gist of the National Research Council and the U. S.
X-rays applied to the reproductive cells of animals and
Geological Survey.
plants were found to speed up the rate of evolutionary
Disastrous tornadoes struck Louisiana, Mississippi,
change over a thousand per cent. This work was done
Texas, Oklahoma, Illinois, Arkansas, Kansas and Mis-
on fruit flies by Professor H. J. Muller, of the University
souri; St. Louis was particularly damaged.
of Texas, and on tobacco plants by Professor T. H.
Large quantities of oil may be deposited below the
Goodspeed and Professor A. R. Olson, of the University
bottom of the sea, said Dr. Parker D. Trask, of the
of California.
American Petroleum Institute.
Natural evolutionary changes in shell-fish within sixty
Discoveries of potash salts in Texas and New Mexico
years, producing distinctly recognizable animal varieties
thick and rich enough for mines were discovered through
in a lake in Wisconsin, were reported by Dr. Frank C.
test borings made by the U. S. Geological Survey.
Baker, curator of the museum of natural history of the
Seven thousand square miles in southeastern Alaska
University of Illinois.
were surveyed by aerial mapping through the cooperation
Chemical affinities between the milks of related animals
of the Navy and the U. S. Geological Survey.
were discovered by Professor H. R. Marston, of the Uni-
Two large areas in Alaska, totaling 7,800 square miles,
versity of Adelaide.
were explored by scientists of the U. S. Geological Sur-
Eggs of the marine worm, Nereis, were fertilized with-
vey, discovering and mapping a high mountain region
out fathers, by the use of an electric current, by Ware
hitherto unknown and finding a volcano in eruption.
Cattell, of Memorial Hospital, New York City.
A great earthquake on May 22 in the Kansu province
Dr. Barnett Sure, of the University of Arkansas, has
in interior China was announced to the world on the
shown by experiments with rats that a poorly nourished
following day by Science Service, in cooperating with
mother, whose bodily stock of vitamin B is subnormal,
the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey and the Jesuit
becomes unable to pass along this necessary food element
Seismological Association, though it was not for many
to her nursing offspring.
weeks later that actual reports from the devastated
The female sex hormone, or gland essence that causes
region reached civilization.
typically feminine reactions and development in animals,
Other severe earthquakes during the year that were
was discovered in male animals as well as female, by
immediately located by the cooperation of these three
Dr. Otfried O. Fellner, of Vienna.
bodies included those in Chile on April 14 and Novem-
The tuberculin testing of fowls to weed out avian
ber 14; Japan, March 27; Alaska, on October 24, and
tuberculosis was advocated by Dr. John R. Mohler, chief
California on November 4.
of the U. S. Bureau of Animal Industry, at the Third
The heat of Kilauea, the world's largest volcano, was
International Poultry Contest held at Ottawa, Canada.
measured by means of borings made in its floor by Dr.
Mathematic studies of athletic records show that the
T. A. Jaggar, director of the Hawaii Volcano Obser-
one for the 880-yard run should be most easily broken,
vatory.
according to the statement of Dr. Earle R. Hedrick, of
the University of California.
Dr. Raymond Pearl, director of the Institute for Bio-
BIOLOGY
logical Research at the Johns Hopkins University, an-
A ten-million dollar war was waged against the Euro-
nounced a theory based on laboratory observation of
pean corn borer in the Corn Belt states by the Depart-
yeast, bacteria and fruit flies, that biological and human
ment of Agriculture and declared successful.
populations rise and fall in accordance with a universal
Three botanists, Dr. A. B. Stout, Dr. Ralph McKee and
law.
E. J. Schreiner, announced the development of a fast-
Congress passed a bill to provide for the collection and
growing hybrid poplar to meet the demands for wood
care of a herd of the nearly extinct Texas longhorn cattle
pulp.
in the Wichita National Forest, Oklahoma.
Cells, usually assumed to be short-lived, were found
A program for the scientific study and administration
still living in the heartwood of redwood trees a century
of the great elk herds of the Yellowstone region was
old, it was reported by Dr. D. T. MacDougal, of the
planned by a cooperative committee of the national, state
Carnegie Institution of Washington, and Dr. G. M.
and private bodies interested.
Smith, of Stanford University.
The First International Congress of Soil Science was
Small amounts of copper were found to make low-
held in Washington in June and attracted scientists from
grade muck lands highly productive, according to E. L.
many foreign countries.
Felix, of Cornell University.
A serious plague of mice occurred in Kern County,
The Tennessee State Supreme Court, in a decision on
Calif., during January and February.
the appeal in the famous Scopes case, declared the anti-
A new mosquito poison based on formaldehyde and
evolution law constitutional, but so worded its decision
said to be the most efficient yet devised, was announced
as virtually to nullify the law. John Scopes was excused
by E. Boubaud, of the Pasteur Institute, of Paris.
from paying the fine levied against him for violating the
Rediscovery of the straight-billed reed runner, a bird
statute, because of an error on the part of the judge
of Uruguay first noted by Darwin in 1831, of which all
presiding at his trial.
trace had been lost for nearly one hundred years, was
Efforts made in thirteen states to pass anti-evolution
made by C. C. Sanborn, of the Captain Marshall Field
statutes were unsuccessful.
South American Expedition of the Field Museum.
Science Mag., V. 66, July-Dec., 1827
FORD is LIBRARY
SCIENCE-SUPPLEMENT
SCIENCE NEWS
Science Service, Washington, D. C.
SCIENTIFIC EVENTS OF 1926
1925 Nobel physics prize and Professor Jean Baptiste
PHYSICS
Perrin, of the Sorbonne, Paris, was awarded the 1926
DR. W. D. COOLIDGE, of the General Electric Company,
Nobel prize for physics.
demonstrated 8 new cathode ray tube, with which these
Professor Niels Bohr, physicist, received the Franklin
rays are for the first time obtained in quantity outside
Medal from the Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, for his
the tube. The effect of the tube is estimated to be equiva-
work on the structure of the atom.
lent to a ton of radium.
Dr. W.D. Coolidge, inventor of the type of X-ray tube
Professor A. A. Michelson, of the University of Chi-
now almost universally used in hospitals and laboratories,
was awarded the Howard N. Potts Medal of the Franklin
cago, announced his new determination of the speed of
light as 299,786 km. or 186,284 miles per second.
Institute for his invention which "has simplified and
Helium was prepared in solid form at a temperature of
revolutionized the production of X-rays."
457 degrees below zero Fahrenheit by Professor W. H.
CHEMISTRY
Keeson, of the University of Leyden, Holland.
Magnetism of hydrogen atom was measured by Drs.
Hydrogen was transmuted into helium by Professor F.
J. B. Taylor and T. E. Phipps, of the University of
Paneth and Dr. Peters, of the University of Berlin.
Illinois.
Gold was claimed to have been transmuted to mercury
The penetrating cosmic rays vary daily with the aspect
by Dr. A. Gaschler, of the Berlin Technical High School.
of the heavens according to Dr. Werner Kolhoerster,
Nitrogen is changed to fluorine and then to hydrogen
German physicist.
and oxygen when hit by the nucleus of an atom of helium,
Experiments made by means of midnight balloon ascen-
Dr. William D. Harkins, of the University of Chicago,
sions in Belgium showed no ether drift, thus substan-
told the National Academy of Sciences.
tiating the Einstein relativity theory.
Professor S. B. Hopkins, of the University of Illinois,
Dr. Roy J. Kennedy, of the California Institute of
discovered a new chemical element, No. 61 in the periodic
Technology, repeated the Michelson-Morley experiment
table, and named it illinium.
and obtained no evidence of ether drift.
Elements 75 and 43, reported discovered by Professor
Experiments by Dr. Carl T. Chase, of the Norman
Walter Noddack, of Berlin, in 1925, have been relegated
Bridge Laboratory of Physics, at Pasadena, gave support
to the limbo of still undiscovered metals, by experiments
to the Einstein theory of relativity in opposition to Dr.
at the Platinum Institute of the Russian Academy of
Dayton C. Miller's results.
Sciences which failed to substantiate the German results.
Experiments by Dr. Rudolph Tomaschek, of the Uni-
A synthetic drug called plasmochin, more powerful than
versity of Heidelberg, Germany, fail to confirm the ether
quinine, was made in the Elberfelder Farbenfabriken.
drift indicated by experiments of Dr. Miller at Mt. Wil-
Compounds analogous to chaulmoogra oil were made in
son, California.
the laboratory by Dr. Roger Adams, of the University of
Dr. G. M. B. Dobson and Professor F. A. Lindemann,
Illinois, and were found to act as an effective germicide
of Oxford University, showed that the temperature 50
against leprosy.
miles above the earth is as high as that of a warm sum-
The valuable constituent of insulin was prepared in
mer day.
crystalline form by Dr. John J. Abel, of the Johns Hop-
A vacuum switch which stops immense electrical cur-
kins University.
rents safely was dévised in the new high-tension labora-
The first enzyme, one of an important class of sub-
tory of the California Institute of Technology.
stance involved in digestion, to be isolated was made in
A new kind of vacuum tube with which electric cur-
a crystallized form by Dr. James E. Sumner at the Cor-
rents can be amplified million times was developed
nell University Medical School.
by Dr. Albert W. Hull and H. N. Williams working in
An extract of the parathyroid gland, which controls the
the research laboratory of the General Electric Company.
lime content of the blood, was prepared successfully from
The sound of a single atom of radium was made
animal glands by A. M. Hjort and H. B. North, Detroit
audible to radio broadcast listeners when Dr. H. P. Cady,
chemists.
chemist of the University of Kansas, amplified minute
Luminous flames radiate more heat than non-luminous
electric currents 700 billion times.
flames, according to tests made by Professor R. T. Has-
The proposition that beats of a master pendulum of
lam and M. W. Boyer, of the Massachusetts Institute of
great precision might be signalled throughout the world
Technology.
by radio, so that all telegraphic, astronomical and radio
A new method of welding pieces of metal together was
instruments would be in exact tune with each other was
announced by Dr. Irving Langmuir, of the General Elec-
urged by Albert Einstein before the League of Nations
tric Company, by which hydrogen molecules are broken
Committee on Intellectual Cooperation.
into atoms and recombined to give an intensely hot flame.
Dr. James Franck, of the University of Göttingen, and
Methods for liquefying coal and obtaining motor fuel
Dr. Gustav Hertz, of the University of Halle, divided the
and other valuable products from coal were perfected by
xii
SCIENCE-SUPPLEMENT
Dr. Friedrich Bergius and Dr. Franz Fischer, of Ger-
Great increase in sunspot activity was marked on earth
many, and by General Georges Patart, of Paris.
by auroral displays and magnetic storms, which caused
A process for making sugar from wood was developed
much disturbance in radio and telegraphic communication.
by Professor Friedrich Bergius, of Heidelberg University.
Eight comets, two of which were new, were discovered
Tests made by government chemists showed that a thin
during the year. One of the new ones was discovered
film of metallic chromium electroplated upon printing
in January by an amateur astronomer named Blathwayt
plates of finished steel or copper-nickel would make the
in South Africa. The second was discovered by Dr. J.
plates wear longer than plates of hardest steel.
Coma-Sola, of Fabra Observatory, at Barcelona, Spain,
A world famine in rubber by 1930 was predicted by the
in November.
U. S. Department of Commerce.
A new star was found in a spiral nebula in the con-
Commercial application of carbon dioxide ice for re-
stellation Virgo by Professor Max Wolf, of Heidelberg.
frigeration purposes has reached the practical stage.
A telescope with a 41-inch lens, to be the largest re-
The wide-spread supplanting of cotton by rayon and
fractor in the world, was ordered by the Russian govern-
similar fabries made from wood began a revolution in
ment from the Parsons firm in England.
American agriculture.
A project was set on foot to produce levulose sugar in
BIOLOGY
large quantities from the roots of dahlias.
Dr. James B. Sumner, of Cornell Medical College, iso-
A system of zoning was evolved at the International
lated and crystallized the first enzyme, urease.
Conference on Oil Pollution in an attempt to solve the
A death whisper" consisting of highly intense
problems arising from the discharge of waste oil by ves-
"beams" of sound-waves too short to be audible, at fre-
sels at sea.
quencies as high as 300,000 per second, was shown by
A set of world standards for gasoline and other liquid
Professor R. W. Wood and A. L. Loomis to be capable
fuels was proposed at the meeting of the International
of killing certain small animals and plants and to have
Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
other strange biological effects.
Professor Richard Zsigmondy, of the University of
The human body grows in three distinct spurts, Dr.
Göttingen, Germany, received the 1925 Nobel prize for
Charles B. Davenport, of the Carnegie Institution of
chemistry and Professor Theodor Svedberg, of the Uni-
Washington, told the National Academy of Sciences.
versity of Uppsala, Sweden, was awarded the 1926 prize.
Eyes of an embryo chicken removed from the egg and
Poland elected as its president Professor Ignatz Mos-
planted in a culture medium continued to grow and de-
cicki, well-known in the field of chemical engineering.
velop in "a surprisingly normal way" according to two
The American Chemical Society celebrated the fiftieth
British physiologists, Dr. H. B. Fell and T. S. P.
anniversary of its foundation.
Strangeways.
A meeting of the International Union of Pure and Ap-
The theory that vitamins have opposites, "toxamins,"
plied Chemistry was held at Washington, from September
which occur in certain foods and prevent proper bone for-
13 to 15.
mation and cause serious nervous diseases, was advanced
ASTRONOMY
by Professor Edward Mellanby, of the University of
Observable region of space was shown by Dr. Edwin
Sheffield, England.
Hubble, of Mount Wilson Observatory, to be a sphere of
An eleven-day-old human embryo, the youngest human
140 million light years' radius, including some 2,000,000
specimen ever available for observation, was studied and
nebulae, all of them embryo or grown stellar systems.
described by Dr. George L. Streeter, embryologist of the
Mars came closer to earth than it will come again until
Carnegie Institution of Washington.
1939.
The mystery of the giant cells in the blood, which are
The temperature of the moon was found to be above
present in tubercular conditions and some other patho-
boiling point when the sun is shining directly on it, by
logical cases, was solved by Dr. W. H. Lewis, of the Car-
Dr. Donald H. Menzel, of the University of Iowa, as a
negie Institution of Washington, who announced that
result of observations at the Lowell Observatory in
these cells are formed by the fusion of a number of white
Arizona.
blood cells.
New evidence that our sun is a variable star was ob-
An international school of fisheries was inaugurated at
tained by Dr. Charles G. Abbot, of the Smithsonian In-
stitution, by means of a new system he devised for mea-
the University of Washington.
suring and recording the changes in the energy reaching
A fly imported from Europe to help save New England
the earth from the sun.
shade trees from two insect pests was found to be an
American astronomical expeditions traveled to Sumatra
enemy to 92 other insects as well.
to observe a total eclipse of the sun on January 14.
White pine blister rust, which has for several years
Some 125,000-mile long sunspots, the largest seen in
been devastating the pine forests of the East, was discov-
years, were observed by Professor George H. Peters, of
ered to be threatening the white pine stands of the West.
the U. S. Naval Observatory, in September.
New corn-harvesting machinery was invented to combat
An unusual display of sunspots, the largest being
the spread of the European corn borer.
45,000 miles in diameter and the largest group 150,000
Individual cells that have lived as long as two centuries
miles long, was observed in October. Some of the spots
were discovered in Arizona cacti by Dr. D. T. Mac-
could be seen with the naked eye through smoked glass.
Dougal.
xiv
SCIENCE-SUPPLEMENT
That plants will respond to strong light if it is flashed
The Pasteur Institute claimed that babies may be pro-
on them for as little as one one thousandth of a second
tected from tetanus infection by giving prenatal doses of
was demonstrated by Dr. F. A. F. C. Went, of Utrecht.
tetanus anatoxin to mothers.
Suction powers in vegetable growth as high as 500
Indications were found that trachoma, a disease of the
pounds per square inch were demonstrated by Dr. A.
eye for which immigrants have been barred from enter-
Ursprung, of the University of Freiburg, Switzerland.
ing the United States, is due to a deficient diet, by Dr.
The discovery that plants, as well as animals, have in
B. Franklin Royer, medical director of the National
their cells the special bits of living matter known as the
Committee for the Prevention of Blindness.
sex chromosomes, was announced by Dr. Kathleen B.
Two Prague scientists discovered & way of using
Blackburn, British botanist.
washed animal blood in human transfusions.
The popular idea that big seeds are better than small
By coating them with gold, Professor H. Bechold,
ones was exploded by the experiments of Dr. Felix
German scientist, made visible minute bacteria formerly
Kotowski, of the College of Agriculture at Warsaw, who
beyond the power of any microscope.
showed that size of seed has no effect on the size of
Polonium, the radioactive element isolated by Mme.
vegetables.
Curie, was declared to be of possible use in treating
The relationship that plants bear to each other as
syphilis as a result of preliminary tests made at the
branches of the evolutionary family tree was demon-
Pasteur Institute.
strated by means of serum chemistry by Professor Karl
Mez and Dr. H. Zeigenspeck, German botanists.
The theory that some diseases may be the result of a
Luther Burbank died on April 11.
partnership of two kinds of germs was advanced by Dr.
Plants living for months in hermetically sealed glass
Aldo Castellani, internationally known for his studies of
bulbs were exhibited to the National Academy of Sei-
tropical diseases.
ences by Raymond H. Wallace, of Columbia University.
Protection against typhoid fever by swallowing vaccine
Anti-evolution bills were defeated in Louisiana and
was tried out experimentally in bacteriological labora-
Kentucky.
tories at the State College of Washington.
Mississippi enacted an anti-evolution law.
Discovery of the chemical compound in tuberculin that
causes the skin reaction in persons that have tuberculosis
MEDICINE
was announced by Dr. Florence B. Seibert, of the Univer-
Partial immunization to measles, by means of injec-
sity of Chicago, as a new step toward understanding the
tions of blood serum from persons who have had the dis-
chemistry of tuberculosis.
ease and recovered, was claimed in a report to the League
of Nations Health Committee.
The belief that the adrenal glands play an important
The germ of oroya fever, or Peruvian fever, was iso-
part in the production of body heat was advanced by Dr.
lated at the Rockefeller Institute by Drs. Hideyo Noguchi
Charles Sajous, professor of endocrinology at the Uni-
and T. S. Battistini.
versity of Pennsylvania.
Dr. E. B. Krumbhaar, of Philadelphia, announced the
It was shown that ultra-violet light is necessary for
discovery that the spleen is an important source of the
the formation of vitamin B, which prevents beri-beri and
anti-bodies in the blood, which aid the body in resisting
similar diseases, and of the growth-promoting vitamin A,
bacterial infection.
at least to a certain extent.
A skin test for susceptibility to infantile paralysis was
Nickel and cobalt were shown to be necessary to the
originated by Dr. Edward C. Rosenow, of the Mayo
proper functioning of the pancreas, which prevents
Foundation.
diabetes, by Gabriel Bertrand, of the Pasteur Institute
Bacteriophage, the enemy of germs, discovered by Dr.
of Paris.
F. d'Herelle, was declared by him to be a living parasite
of parasites and not just a chemical factor.
The Health Organization of the League of Nations
Cause of creeping eruption was found to be a small
built up an epidemiological service to check the spread
parasitic thread worm by experts at U. S. Bureau of
of infectious diseases between countries.
Entomology.
A drive for full birth and death registration through-
Mrs. Margaret R. Lewis, of the Carnegie Institution,
out the United States was inaugurated by the American
and Howard B. Andervont, a Johns Hopkins University
Medical Association.
graduate student, discovered that a form of cancer occur-
Tetraethyl lead "anti-knock" gasoline was declared
ring in chickens is the result of the white blood cells run-
not unduly dangerous to health by the U. S. Public
ning wild.
Health Service.
Experiments on 50,000 mice by Dr. Maud Slye, of the
University of Chicago, showed that resistance as well as
A movement to secure uniform milk ordinances for all
susceptibility to cancer in mice is hereditary.
the states was instigated by the U.S. Public Health Ser-
Virus from chicken sarcoma was found to be absolutely
vice at a conference of health authorities from the dif-
resistant to X-rays by workers at Cancer Research Lab-
ferent states.
oratory at Middlesex, England.
Berlin established a matrimonial bureau where candi-
Rat bite fever was found to be an effective cure for
dates for marriage can receive medical and genetical
general paralysis or paresis.
advice.
Science Mag., July-Dec., 1926
FORD & LIBRARY GERALD