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The original documents are located in Box D16, folder "Republican Women's Conference,
Sheraton Park Hotel, April 26, 1963" of the Ford Congressional Papers: Press Secretary
and Speech File at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
Copyright Notice
The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of
photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. The Council donated to the United
States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections.
Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public
domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to
remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid
copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
Digitized from Box D16 of the Ford Congressional Papers: Press Secretary and Speech File at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library
Address by Rep. Gerald R. Ford
Republican Womens' Conference - Sheraton Park Hotel
Friday, April 26, 1963
Today I want to discuss two important issues being faced by the Republicans
in the House of Representatives. One has to do with minority staffing of Committees
and the other with the withholding of vital information from the Congress by the
Executive Branch of the Government.
Republicans in the House have moved ahead on several fronts in the early
months of this Congress. The Republican Conference has been put to new and
potentially significant uses. We have appointed a special Subcommittee on Nuclear
Test Ban Negotiations under Congressman Craig Hosmer of California, the ranking
Republican on the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy. The Test Ban Committee has
received position papers from such distinguished experts as Edward Teller, former
AEC Chairman Lewis Strauss, and Chief U. S. disarmament negotiator William C. Foster -
and its reports have been given wide press coverage. We have also set up a
Subcommittee on Increased Minority Staffing under Congressman Fred Schwengel of Iowa.
At the opening of the Congress the Conference adopted a package of "fair
play" amendments including a demand for "equal time" for the minority in debating
Conference Committee reports. We didn't win that fight but we did put the Democratic
leadership on notice that the minority was going to play a more active role in the
future.
The Republicans on the House Appropriation Committee under a special committee
headed by Congressman Bow of Ohio have reviewed the President's budget in detail
with the assistance of former Budget Director Maurice Stans. The Republicans on
Education and Labor and Judiciary have developed alternative Republican proposals in
important legislative fields. The House Republican Policy Committee under the able
leadership of Cong. John Byrnes of Wisconsin has been doing an excellent job on the
vital issues before us.
Yes, this has been a period of new Republican activity--of hard work in reviewing
the Kennedy administration's proposals and in developing Republican alternatives.
Our batting average has not been 100% but we expect to improve our percentage of
success in the months ahead.
-2-
One of the most important problems we have tackled is the issue of minority
staffing. All the rest of the work we are attempting to accomplish presupposes
adequate professionally competent committee staff. There is a limit--a real limit--
to how much an individual Congressman or group of Congressmen working in cooperation
can accomplish in a given twenty-four hour period. Each of us has his constituency
and its interests to serve. Just keeping abreast of our committee work--preparing
for hearings, interrogating witnesses, drafting legislation and reports, handling
bills on the floor is a full-time job. And then there are the inevitable social and
political obligations of life in the Nation's Capital as well as in the home district.
Time is a Congressman's most precious commodity. Staff assistance is essential to
us if we are to function effectively.
One of the most serious limitations the Republican minority in Congress has
been faced with has been inadequate committee staff. Last year Roscoe Drummond wrote
a series of columns which you may have read dramatizing our position to the nation.
Drummond estimated that we Republicans in the House were being shortchanged 12 to 1
on committee staff although the Democratic-Republican ratio in House membership was
closer to 3 to 2. Some readers misunderstood him to mean that there were 12 Democrats
on committee staffs to every Republican. This is not the case--most of our committees
have professional staff that have served for many years. Some are Republicans that
were hired during the early years of the Eisenhower administration. The point that
Drummond was making was that the great bulk of the professional staff on our
committees were under the control and responsible to the Democratic majority or
Democratic Chairman. Only a small fraction work exclusively for the minority. This
has meant that in too many instances minority views were not being written when bills
were reported, that committee investigations were being carried out almost exclusively
from the majority point of view. I might add that the worst partisan abuse of the
concept of professional nonpartisan staff--as set out in the Legislative Reorgani-
zation Act of 1946--has come on a few committees with large budgets for investigatory
staff, such as the Education and Labor Committee. Without minority staff we have
not been in a position on certain committees to draft Republican alternatives or to
initiate legislation where the administration has faltered.
Because of the central importance of staffing, the Republican Conference
unanimously endorsed a proposal by Congressman Fred Schwengel of Iowa which would
have given the minority 40% of the committee staff on committees where the majority
of the Republicans were dissatisfied with the staff assistance they were getting.
Congressman Schwengel is now chairing our Conference Subcommittee on Increased
Minority Staffing. He and his committee have been performing yeomen's service in
-3-
gathering data on the staffing problem, in pressing for more staff at the committee
level, in arguing our case before the House Administration Committee which approves
all committee budgets, and in planning future strategy in the staffing fight.
Congressman Schwengel estimates that we shall have 30 more minority staff members
this year than we had in the last Congress, largely as a result of his committee's
work. Furthermore the Majority Leader, Carl Albert, as a result of the fight for
more minority staff has pledged his party to eliminate partisan abuse in staffing
and to abide by the spirit of the Reorganization Act. We intend to hold him to his
word.
On the Senate side our big guns have begun to swing into action although I
might add after our foot soldiers launched the offensive. We welcome their assistance.
You may have seen Senator Goldwater's column a few Sunday's ago. Senator Goldwater
said that:
"Insufficient minority staffing makes legislation more dependent than ever
upon the statistics, the witnesses, the proposals of the Democratic adminis-
tration as transmitted through the majority. I would make this point just
as emphatically if the situation were reversed and the proper committee staffing
denied to the Democrats. The need is for proper policies, properly researched,
properly arrived at and understood above and beyond the desires of the particular
Administration running the Executive Branch."
Senator Dirksen has recently urged all ranking minority members on the standing
committees of the Senate to press for more staff assistance to service the needs of
the minority.
I have been discussing the problem of minority staff but this is only a
part of a much larger problem that the staffing fight has dramatically illustrated.
The Congress at large just does not have the staff resources it needs if it is to
perform its proper role in our Constitutional system. We have seen the gradual and
continuing erosion of power from the legislature to the executive in the past thirty
years. One of the major intents of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 was
to reestablish balance to provide Congress with professional staff for its legislative
committees. This was a real gain for effective Congressional government but we have
not kept pace with the times. There are numerous specific examples in both the
House and Senate right today and the country is the loser because of this deficiency.
Most members of Congress would agree on how crucial the staffing issue is
not only to a vigorous and constructive opposition but also for the survival of
Congress as a meaningful participant in our processes of government.
A good part of the minority staffing problem would be solved with the correction
of this broader problem. There is a clear need for a selective increase in the
professional nonpartisan staff of the committees in areas of deficiency such as I
have just noted. Ultimately we may be moving toward the kind of staffing arrangement
-4-
that Congressman Tom Curtis has suggested--a "three-part staff" with the bulk of
the staff professional and nonpartisan (i.e. available to all members regardless
of party affiliation) with a few staff members, also professional qualified, under the
direct control of the majority and minority respectively--for the purpose of drafting
majority and minority reports and assisting the members on issues of a more immediate
party political nature.
What, you ask, can I or my club do to help solve these problems? You can help
by writing your Congressman and Senators be they Democrat or Republican and asking
them how they stand on the staffing issue. Congressmen don't vote by weighing their
mail but they will certainly sit up and take notice of an issue on which they receive
intelligent letters. Particularly in a case such as this where we are discussing
a problem peculiar to Congress, its methods of operation, and its public image.
Congressmen are especially sensitive to the views and judgments of their constituents.
Write and ask your Congressman if he feels that Congress is meeting its responsibilities
in reviewing and considering executive proposals for new spending and legislation.
Is Congtess adequately overseeing the executive agencies? The Billie Sol Estes
case is only one example--albedt an extreme one-- of how the system can get out of
order. Is Congress showing the leadership that the times demand? And within this
broader context can Congress function at all without a mature responsible opposition
that has the staff resources to perform its role as critic and to assume that more
than one side of the issue is considered? These are mighty important questions. We
are not dealing in petty partisan politics but in issues that effect the course of
our democracy.
I want to move now to another issue affecting the basic principles of our
democratic way of life and our constitutional system of government.
One of the least dramatic, but most serious problems which has come up during
the last two years concerns the very foundation of our ideals of representative
government. It affects me personally, and through me it affects the 462,000 residents
of Michigan I represent. But as a matter of fact the principle involved affects all
members of Congress and all their constituents. I am speaking of a little-publicized
idea called "executive privilege." This is how I came up against it several weeks
ago:
General Maxwell D. Taylor, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, was testifying
before our defense appropriations subcommittee about the Cuban situation. We were
asking him some important and searching questions about the Bay of Pigs invasion--
which I might say will be looked on as one of the darkest pages in the history of
American foreign policy and a page written exclusively by the Kennedy Administration.
-5-
Our committee had a right and a need to know how our government handled that mess,
for we pass on all the money spent by the Defense Department, and if they don't use
it properly, we have the right and responsibility to know so any corrective action
can be taken.
I had been disturbed by some news stories which had been appearing just before
our meeting with General Taylor which you may remember--these had to do with
what went wrong at the time of the invasion and whether or not the United States
ever promised any air cover for the Cuban refugee invaders. I wanted to clear that
matter up and to get into some other obvious problems connected with that fiasco
which would help our committee decide how to vote when it came time to appropriate
money for the Department of Defense and related agencies.
General Taylor was one of the best men in the country to answer these important
questions. He had been appointed by President Kennedy to head a four-man board to
investigate the ill-fated Bay of Pigs invasion and find out what went wrong. The
investigation was made and the board informed the President what it found out. Then,
according to testimony to us and other public statements, the four were told by the
President to say nothing about the investigation.
So what happened? Three of the members of the board did follow instructions.
Admiral Arleigh Burke, former Chief of Naval Operations did, Allen dulles, former
CIA Chief did, and General Taylor did. But Bobby Kennedy, the fourth member didn't.
In one of the classic examples of news management we have seen in this country, Bobby
told his version of the invasion to reporters from U. S. News and World Report and
the Knight Newspapers. He was in Palm Beach at the time.
Now like all good elephants, we Republicans have long memories. I would like
you to recall with me here today some of Mr. Kennedy's own words and compare them
with his performance in this very important incident.
First of all, let me read you a section out of the Democratic platform which
bears directly on this subject. (Not that the platform makes any difference, you
understand, to the Democrats. Its greatest value over the years has been to Republicans
who are constantly able to show how hypocritical they are about saying one thing and
doing another.) The 1960 platform said: "We reject the Republican contention that the
workings of the government are the special private preserve of the Executive. The massive
wall of secrecy erected between the Executive Branch and the Congress as well as the
citizen, must be torn down. Information must flow freely, save in those areas in
which the national security is involved."
So on the basis of this strongly worded
platform, Senator Kennedy campaigned. As a candidate he gave us lots of words about how
under his administration the public would be well informed and how their representatives
in Congress would never be denied information they needed to pass the laws of the land.
-6-
At one point he said---very eloquently, I think "The President--who himself bears much
of the responsibility for the preservation of American Democracy--has the affirmative
duty to see to it that the American People are kept fully informed. It is true that in
today's world of peril some government information must be kept secret--information
whose publication would endanger the national security. The people of the United States
are entitled to the fullest possible information about their government and the
President must see that they receive it."
Also on the campaign he referred specifically to executive privilege. He said
that whenever information is not restricted by specific statute, security needs, or the
Cons titution, "there is no justification for using the doctrine of executive privilege
to keep that information from the Congress and the public."
I hurry to add that in the
case of General Taylor's refusal, no specific statute would prohibit him from testifying,
no security is involved, and the Constitution gives no justification for his position at
all. Continuing down "memory lane," I recall that in his first State of the Union
message, Mr. Kennedy made every Congressman's ard.newspaperman's heart warm with this
statement:
"For my part, I shall withhold from neither the Congress nor the people
any fact, or report, past, present or future, which is necessary for an
informed judgment of our conduct and hazards."
The fact of the matter, from my own personal experience with General Taylor and the
Bay of Pigs, is that the President is keeping the Congress and the public in the dark;
he is managing the news; he is preventing the lawfully elected representatives of the
people from making informed judgments of the past conduct of our government and therefore
the future hazards which we face. This, I submit, is contrary to everything representa-
tive government stands for, to everything we Republicans stand for, and if we can believe
their platform--everything the Democrats themselves stand for.
Address by Rep. Gerald R. Ford, Republican Womens' Conference, Sheraton Park Hotel,
April 26, 1963.
Today I want to discuss two important issues being faced by the Republicans in the
House of Representatives. One has to do with minority staffing of Committees
and the other with the withholding of vital information from the Congress by the
Executive Branch of the Government.
Republicans in the House have moved ahead on several fronts in the early months
of this Congress. The Republican Conference has been put to new and potentially
significant uses. We have appointed a Special Subcommittee on Nuclear Test Ban
Negotiations under Congressman Craig Hosmer of California, the ranking Republi-
can on the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy. The Test Ban Committee has re-
ceived position papers from such distinguished experts as Edward Teller, former
AEC Chairman Lewis Strauss, and Chief U.S. disarmament negotiator William C.
Foster -- and its reports have been given wide press coverage. We have also set
up a Subcommittee on Increased Minority Staffing under Congressman Fred Schwengel
of Iowa.
At the opening of the Congress the Conference adopted a package of "fair play"
amendments including a demand for "equal time" for the minority in debating Con-
ference Committee reports. We didn't win that fight but we did put the Demo-
cratic leadership on notice that the minority was going to play a more active role
in the future.
The Republicans on the House Appropria tion Committee under a special committee
headed by Congressman Bow of Ohio have reviewed the President's budget in detail
with the assistance of former Budget Director Maurice Stans. The Republicans
on Education and Labor and Judiciary have developed alternative Republican pro-
posals in important legislative fields. The House Republican Policy Committee
under the able leadership of Cong. John Byrnes of Wisconsin has been doing an
excellent job on the vital issues before us.
Yes, this has been a period of new Republican activity -- of hard work in re-
viewing the Kennedy administration's proposals and in developing Republican al-
ternatives. Our batting average has not been 100% but we expect to improve our
per-centage of success in the months ahead.
One of the most important problems we have tackled is the issue of minority staff-
ing. All the rest of the work we are attempting to accomplish presupposes ade-
quate professionally competent committee staff. There is a limit -- a real limit --
to how much an individual Congressman or group of Congressmen working in coopera-
tion can accomplish in a given twenty-four hour period. Each of us has his con-
stituency and its interests to serve. Just keeping abreast of our committee work --
preparing for hearings, interrogating witnesses, drafting legislation and reports,
handling bills on the floor is a full-time job. And then there are the inevitable
social and political obligations of life in the Nation's Capitol as well as in the
home district. Time is a Congressman's precious commodity. Staff assistance is
essential to us if we are to function effectively.
One of the most serious limitations the Republican minority in Congress has been
faced with has been inadequate staff. Last year Roscoe Drummond wrote a series of
columns which you may have read dramatizing our position to the nation. Drummond
estimated that we Republicans in the House were being shortchanged 12 to 1 on
committee staff although the Democratic-Republican ratio in House membership was
closer to 3 to 2. Some readers misunderstood him to mean that there were 12 Demo-
crats on committee staffs to every Republican. This is not the case -- most of
our committees have professional staff that have served for many years. Some are
Republicans that were hired during the early years of the Eisenhower administration.
The point that Drummond was making was that the great bulk of the professional staff
on our committees were under the control and responsible to the Democratic majority.
This has meant that in too many instances minority views were not being written
when bills were reported, that committee investigations were being carried out al-
most exclusively from the majority point of view. I might add that the worst
partisan abuse of the concept of professional nonpartisan staff -- as set out in
the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 -- has come on a few committees with &
large budgets for investigatory staff, such as the Education and Labor Committee.
Without minority staff we have not been in a position on certain committees to
draft Republican alternatives or to initiate legislation where the administration
has faltered.
Because of the central importance of staffing, the Republican Conference unanimous-
ly endorsed a proposal by Congressman Fred Schwengel of Iowa which would have given
the minority 40% of the committee staff on committees where the majority of the
Republicans were dissatisfied with the staff assistance they were getting. Con-
- 2 -
gressman Schwengel is now chairing our Conference Subcommittee on Increased
Minority Staffing. He and his committee have been performing yeomen's service in
gathering data on the staffing problem, in pressing for more staff at the commit-
tee level, in arguing our case before the House Administration Committee which ap-
proves all committee budgets, and in planning future strategy in the staffing fight.
Congressman Schwengel estimates that we shall have 30 more minority staff members
this year than we had in the last Congress, largely as a result of his committee's
work. Furthermore the Majority Leader, Carl Albert, as a result of the fight for
more minority staff has pledged his party to eliminate partisan abuse in staffing
and to abide by the spirit of the Reorganization Act. We intend to hold him to his
word.
On the Senate side our big guns have begun to swing into action although I might
add after our foot soldiers launched the offensive. We welcome their assistance.
You may have seen Senator Goldwater's column a few Sundays ago. Senator Goldwater
said that:
"Insufficient minority staffing makes legislation more dependent than ever
upon the statistics, the witnesses, the proposals of the Democratic adminis-
tration as transmitted through the majority. I would make this point just
as emphatically if the situation were reversed and the proper committee
staffing denied to the Democrats. The need is for proper policies, properly
researched, properly arrived at and understood above and beyond the desires
of the particular Administration running the Executive Branch."
Senator Dirksen has recently urged all ranking minority members on the standing
committees of the Senate to press for more staff assistance to service the needs
of the minority.
I have been discussing the problem of minority staff but this is only a part of a
much larger problem that the staffing fight has dramatically illustrated. The
Congress at large just does not have the staff resources it needs if it is to
perform its proper role in our Constitutional system. We have seen the gradual
and continuing erosion of power from the legislative to the executive in the past
thirty years. One of the major intents of the Legislative Reorganization Act of
1946 was to reestablish balance to provide Congress with professional staff for its
legislative committees. This was a real gain for effective Congressional govern-
ment but we have not kept pace with the times. There are numerous specific exam-
ples in both the House and Senate right today and the country is the loser be-
cause of this deficiency.
Most members of Congress would agree on how crucial the staffing issue is not only
to a vigorous and constructive opposition but also for the survival of Congress
as a meaningful participant in our processes of government.
A good part of the minority staffing problem would be solved with the correction
of this broader problem. There is a clear need for a selective increase in the
professional nonpartisan staff of the committees in areas of deficiency such as I
have just noted. Ultimately we may be moving toward the kind of staffing arrange-
ment that Congressman Tom Curtis has suggested -- a "three-part staff" with the
bulk of the staff professional and nonpartisan (i.e. available to all members re-
gardless of party affiliation) with a few staff members, also professional quali-
fied, under the direct control of the majority and minority respectively -- for the
purpose of drafting majority and minority reports and assisting the members on is-
sues of a more immediate party political nature.
What, you ask, can I or my club do to help solve these problems? You can help by
writing your Congressmen and Senators be they Democrat or Republican and asking
them how they stand on the staffing issue. Congressmen don't vote by weighing
their mail but they will certainly sit up and take notice of an issue on which they
receive intelligent letters. Particularly in a case such as this where we are dis-
cussing a problem peculiar to Congress, its methods of operation, and its public
image. Congressmen are especially sensitive to the views and judgments of their
constituents. Write and ask your Congressman if he feels that Congress is meeting
its responsibilities in reviewing and considering executive proposals for new
spending and legislation. Is Congress adequately overseeing the executive agencies?
The Billie Sol Estes case is only one example -- albeit an extreme one -- of how the
system can get out of order. Is Congress showing the leadership that the times de-
mand? And within this broader context can Congress function at all without a mature
responsible opposition that has the staff resources to perform its role as critic
and to assume that more than one side of the issue is considered? These are mighty
important questions. We are not dealing in petty partisan politics but in issues
that affect the course of our democracy.
- 3 -
I want to move now to another issue affecting the basic principles of our demo-
cratic way of life and our constitutional system of government.
One of the least dramatic, but most serious problems which has come up during the
last two years concerns the very foundation of our ideals of representative govern-
ment. It affects me personally, and through me it affects the 462, residents
of Michigan I represent. But as a matter of fact the principle involved affects
all members of Congress and all their constituents. I am speaking of a little-
publicized idea called "executive privilege." This is how I came up against it
several weeks ago:
General Maxwell D. Taylor, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff was testifying
before our defense appropriations subcommittee about the Cuban situation. We were
asking him some important and searching questions about the Bay of Pigs invasion --
which Might say will be looked on as one of the darkest pages in the history of
American foreign policy and a page written exclusively by the Kennedy Administra-
tion. Our committee had a right and a need to know how our government handled that
mess, for we pass on all the money spent by the Defense Department, and if they
don't use it properly, we have the right and responsibility to know so any cor-
rective action can be taken.
I had been disturbed by some news stories which had been appearing just before our
meeting with General Taylor which you may remember . these had to do with what
went wrong at the time of the invasion and whether or not the United States ever
promised any air cover for the Cuban refugee invaders. I wanted to clear that
matter up and to get into some other obvious problems connected with that fiasco
which would help our committee decide how to vote when it came time to appropriate
money for the Department of Defense and related agencies.
General Taylor was one of the best men in the country to answer these important
questions. He had been appointed by President Kennedy to head a four-man board
to investigate the ill-fated Bay of Pigs invasion and find out what went wrong.
The investigation was made and the board informed the President what it found out
Then, according to testimony to us and other public statements, the four were told
by the President to say nothing about the investigation.
So what happened? Three of the members of the board did follow instructions.
Admiral Arleigh Burke, former Chief of Naval Operations did, Allen Dulles, former
CIA Chief did, and General Taylor did. But Bobby Kennedy, the fourth member
didn't. In one of the classic examples of news management we have seen in this
country, Bobby told his version of the invasion to reporters from U.S. News and
World Report and the Knight Newspapers. He was in Palm Beach at the time.
Now like all good elephants, we Republicans have long memories. I would like you
to recall with me here today some of Mr. Kennedy's own words and compare them with
his performance in this very important incident.
First of all, let me read you a section out of the Democratic platform which bears
directly on this subject. (Not that the platform makes any difference, you under-
stand, to the Democrats. Its greatest value over the years has been to Republicans
who are constantly able to show how hypocritical they are about saying one thing
and doing another.) The 1960 platform said: "We reject the Republican contention
that the workings of the government are the special private preserve of the Execu-
tive. The massive wall of secrecy erected between the Executive Branch and the
Corgress as well as the citizen, must be torn down. Information must flow freely,
save in those areas in which the national security is involved." So on the basis
of this strongly worded plattorm, Senator Kennedy campaigned. As a candidate he
gave us lots of words about how under his administration the public would be well
- 4 -
informed and how their representatives in Congress would never be denied informa-
tion they needed to pass the laws of the land.
At one point he said -- very eloquently, I think -- "The President -- who him-
self bears much of the responsibility for the preservation of American Democracy --
has the affirmative duty to see to it that the American People are kept fully
informed. It is true that in today's world of peril some government information
must be kept secret - information whose publication would endanger the national
security. The people of the United States are entitled to the fullest possible
information about their government and the President must see that they receive
it.
Also on the campaign he referred specifically to executive privilege. He said
that whenever information is not restricted by specific statute, security needs,
or the Constitution, "there is no justification for using the doctrine of exeuc-
tive privilege to keep that information from the Congress and the public." I hurry
to add that in the case of General Taylor's refusal, no specific statute would
prohibit him from testifying, no security is involved, and the Constitution gives
no justification for his position at all. Continuing down "memory lane," I re-
call that in his first State of the Union message, Mr. Kennedy made every Con-
gressman's and newspaperman's heart warm with this statement:
"For my part, I shall withhold from neither the Congress nor the people
any fact, or report, past, present or future, which is necessary for an
informed judgment of our conduct and hazards."
The fact of the matter, from my own personal experience with General Taylor and
the Bay of Pigs, is that the President is keeping the Congress and the public in
the dark; he is preventing the lawfully elected representatives of the people
from making informed judgments of the past conduct of our government and there-
fore the future hazards which we face. This, I submit, is contrary to every-
thing representative government stands for, to everything we Republicans stand
for, and if we can believe their platform -- everything the Democrats themselves
stand for.
From the Desk of
THOMAS B. CURTIS
2nd DISTRICT, MISSOURI
For Your Information
FORD
1963
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
A2919
But, as Life magazine accurately observes,
The forecast comes from Wesley McCune
GEL] in leading the effort to bring fair
they almost all agree that the Presi-
of Group Research, Inc., an agency that keeps
staffing to the Congress.
dent's program is wrong. What unites most
tab on rightist activity.
This speech makes some excellent
critics of that program is their feeling that
It is notable, too, that rightwing money
a tax cut must be earned by a correspond-
evidently is being spent these days with more
points and I am taking this opportunity
ing control of expenditures."
concentrated effect than before. There are
to expand its audience by placing it in the
Administration spokesmen have said there
persistent reports that powerful assaults are
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD:
is no possibility of an overall reduction in
being leveled against a number of moderate
ADDRESS BY REPRESENTATIVE GERALD R. FORD,
Federal spending-that, indeed, it may go
to liberal politicians in the Mountain
REPUBLICAN WOMEN'S CONFERENCE, SHERA-
up. But thoughtful studies have been made
States-where a dollar may go a long way.
TON PARK HOTEL, APRIL 26, 1963.
of the budget, and specific areas for heavy
Furthermore, the rightist movement is at-
Today I want to discuss two important
cuts, which would not touch the national
tracting more prestige leadership than ever
issues being faced by the Republicans in the
security, and would not reduce or eliminate
in its history. Ezra Taft Benson, former Sec-
House of Representatives. One has to do.
any really essential Federal duty or obliga-
retary of Agriculture under Dwight Eisen-
with minority staffing of committees and the
tion, are delineated.
hower, leads an organization called "Ye, the
other with the withholding of vital informa-
To take one, the Chamber of Commerce
People." Benson's son, Reed, is active in the
tion from the Congress by the executive
of the United States has a program for a
John Birch Society in western areas. Re-
branch of the Government.
$9.1 billion cut. Senator PROXMIRE thinks
tired generals and admirals are joining up
Republicans in the House have moved
that $2 billion in subsidies can be elimi-
in larger numbers.
ahead on several fronts in the early months
nated. The House Appropriations Commit-
Rightists often have been concerned over
of this Congress. The Republican conference
tee proposes a reduction of just under $93
a public image given some of them as "freaks
has been put to new and potentially signi-
million in funds for the Interior Department
and oddities." In recent months they have
ficant uses. We have appointed a Special
alone. And so it goes.
managed more and more to dispel this image
Subcommittee on Nuclear Test Ban Negotia-
To quote Life again: "The control of un-
by gaining audiences among business and
tions under Congressman CRAIG HOSMER of
necessary expenditure is one of the most
professional groups of long standing-farm
California, the ranking Republican on the
serious problems facing modern democracy.
bureaus, and the like.
Joint Committee on Atomic Energy. The
Government has grown so huge and complex
Robert Welch, head of the Birch Society,
test ban committee has received position
that no individual Congressman can grasp
who labels Eisenhower a Communist or a
papers from such distinguished experts as
the full dimensions of any budget. But
Red dupe, won warm response from a top
Edward Teller, former AEC Chairman Lewis
Congress can have a knowledgeable impres-
business club in Chicago.
Strauss, and Chief U.S. Disarmament
sion of White House budgetmaking, and the
Nor is the rightwing discouraged by talk
Negotiator William C. Foster-and its reports
current impression is one of carelessness."
it is a fly-by-night thing which took severe
have been given wide press coverage. We
And carelessness, of this unbelievably ex-
lickings in 1962 voting and is declining.
have also set up a Subcommittee on In-
pensive kind, is one thing the Nation simply
Four John Birch candidates for Congress
creased Minority Staffing under Congress-
cannot afford. We aren't that rich.
lost in 1962. But two got more than 45
man FRED SCHWENGEL, of Iowa.
percent of the vote and all got at least
At the opening of the Congress the con-
40 percent. If New York's new Conserva-
ference adopted a package of fair play
tive Party could duplicate later the 141,000
amendments including a demand for equal
Activities of Rightwing Groups
votes it got for Governor last year. it could
time for the minority in debating conference
decide a close election.
committee reports. We didn't win that fight
Researcher McCune points out also that
but we did put the Democratic leadership
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
aggressive rightist activity did not start with
on notice that the minority was going to
OF
President Kennedy's election in 1960. A
play a more active role in the future.
whole host of organizations trace their his-
HON. GALE W. McGEE
The Republicans on the House Appropria-
tory back to the 1940's and even 1930's. Even
tion Committee under a special committee
OF WYOMING
Gerald L. K. Smith is still flourishing in the
headed by Congressman Bow, of Ohio, have
field.
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
reviewed the President's budget in detail
Rightwingers may be on the fringe in
with the assistance of former Budget Direc-
Thursday, May 9, 1963
terms of relative numbers. But, by a good
tor Maurice Stans. The Republicans on
Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, the ex-
many other measures, they are right in the
Education and Labor and Judiciary have de-
thick of the Nation's political combat.
tremists on the right wing of our political
veloped alternative Republican proposals in
important legislative fields. The House Re-
spectrum have been much in the news
publican Policy Committee under the able
as of late, perhaps in some relationship
leadership of Congressman JOHN BYRNES of
to their increased activity in the political
Republican Women Hear Representative
Wisconsin, has been doing an excellent job
arena.
on the vital issues before us.
As a representative of a State which
Ford Discuss Staffing, Managed News
Yes, this has been a period of new Re-
apparently has been chosen as a target
publican activity-of hard work in reviewing
by the rightwing groups, I have watched
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
the Kennedy administration's proposals and
in developing Republican alternatives. Our
their activities with growing concern.
OF
batting average has not been 100 percent but
These people are dedicated to their ends
HON. THOMAS B. CURTIS
we expect to improve our percentage of suc-
and unfortunately not too concerned
cess in the months ahead.
about the methods used to obtain them.
OF MISSOURI
One of the most important problems we
The Rawlins Daily Times published an
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
have tackled is the issue of minority staff-
editorial on May 3 pointing out the vigor
ing. All the rest of the work we are at-
Thursday, May 9, 1963
of these groups in spite of their small
tempting to accomplish presupposes ade-
Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Speaker, late last
quate professionaly competent committee
numbers. I ask unanimous consent that
this editorial be printed in the RECORD.
month, Republican women from
staff. There is a limit-a real limit-to how
throughout the country came to Wash-
much an individual Congressman or group
There being no objection, the editorial
of Congressmen working in cooperation can
ington to attend the annual Republican
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
accomplish in a given 24-hour period. Each
Women's Conference. One of the high-
as follows:
of us has his constituency and its interests
lights of this year's conference was the
to serve. Just keeping abreast of our com-
From the Daily Times, Rawlins, Wyo., May 3,
speech by the gentleman from Michigan,
mittee work-preparing for hearings. inter-
1963]
the chairman of the House Republican
rogating witnesses, drafting legislation and
DON'T COUNT OUT THE RIGHTWINGERS
conference, Mr. FORD. In his speech,
reports, handling bills on the floor is a full-
Militant rightists in this country are not
the gentleman directed attention to two
time job. And then there are the inevitable
troubled over the argument that they con-
items of special importance to the group:
social and political obligations of life in the
stitute a very small minority of the voting
Nation's Capitol as well as in the home dis-
the inadequacy of minority staffing in
population. They believe, with good reason,
trict. Time is a Congressman's precious
Congress and the management of news
that they have a lot going for them.
commodity. Staff assistance is essential to
by the administration.
us if we are to function effectively.
From the past record, few could doubt
that they have ample money resources.
GERRY FORD made it quite clear that
One of the most serious limitations the
But a rather startling prediction that
it is the American people who suffer when
Republican minority in Congress has been
the Congressional minority is handi-
faced with has been inadequate staff. Last
rightwingers will spend more in 1964 than
year Roscoe Drummond wrote a series of col-
both major party national committees com-
capped by inadequate staff help. He
umns which you may have read dramatizing
bined may cast the rightwing effort in a
called attention to the excellent work of
our position to the Nation. Drummond es-
somewhat new light.
the gentleman from Iowa [Mr. SCHWEN-
timated that we Republicans in the House
A2920
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
May 9
were being shortchanged 12 to 1 on com-
power from the legislative to the executive
darkest pages in the history of American for-
mittee staff although the Democratic-Re-
in the past 30 years. One of the major in-
eign policy and a page written exclusively by
publican ratio in House membership was
tents of the Legislative Reorganization Act
the Kennedy administration. Our commit-
closer to 3 to 2. Some readers misunder-
of 1946 was to reestablish balance to provide
tee had a right and a need to know how
stood him to mean that there were 12 Demo-
Congress with professional staff for its legis-
our Government handled that mess, for we
crats on committee staffs to every Republi-
lative committees. This was a real gain for
pass on all the money spent by the Defense
can. This is not the case-most of our
effective congressional government but we
Department and, if they don't use it prop-
committees have professional staff that have
have not kept pace with the times. There
erly, we have the right and responsibility to
served for many years. Some are Republi-
are numerous specific examples in both the
know so any corrective action can be taken.
cans that were hired during the early years
House and Senate right today and the coun-
I had been disturbed by some news stories
of the Eisenhower administartion. The point
try is the loser because of this deficiency.
which had been appearing just before our
that Drummond was making was that the
Most Members of Congress would agree on
meeting with General Taylor which you may
great bulk of the professional staff on our
how crucial the staffing issue is not only to a
remember-these had to do with what went
committees were under the control and re-
vigorous and constructive opposition but
wrong at the time of the invasion and
sponsible to the Democratic majority. This
also for the survival of Congress as a mean-
whether or not the United States ever
has meant that in too many instances minor-
ingful participant in our processes of
promised any air cover for the Cuban refu-
ity views were not being written when bills
government.
gee invaders. I wanted to clear that matter
were reported. that committee investigations
A good part of the minority staffing prob-
up and to get into some other obvious prob-
were being carried out almost exclusively
lem would be solved with the correction of
lems connected with that flasco which would
from the majority point of view. I might
this broader problem. There is a clear need
help our committee decide how to vote when
add that the worst partisan abuse of the con-
for a selective increase in the professional
it came time to appropriate money for the
cept of professional nonpartisan staff-as set
nonpartisan staff of the committees in areas
Department of Defense and related agencies.
out in the Legislative Reorganization Act of
of deficiency such as I have just noted.
General Taylor was one of the best men
1946-has come on a few committees with
Ultimately we may be moving toward the
in the country to answer these important
large budgets for investigatory staff, such as
kind of staffing arrangement that Congress-
questions. He had been appointed by Presi-
the Education and Labor Committee. With-
man TOM CURTIS has suggested-a "three-
dent Kennedy to head a four-man board to
out minority staff we have not been in a
part staff" with the bulk of the staff pro-
investigate the ill-fated Bay-of-Pigs invasion
position on certain committees to draft Re-
fessional and nonpartisan (1.e., available to
and find out what went wrong. The investi-
publican alternatives or to initiate legisla-
all Members regardless of party affiliation)
gation was made and the board informed the
tion where the administration has faltered.
with a few staff members, also professional
President what it found out. Then, accord-
Because of the central importance of staf-
qualified, under the direct control of the
ing to testimony to us and other public
fing. the Republican Conference unani-
majority and minority respectively-for the
statements, the four were told by the Presi-
mously endorsed a proposal by Congressman
purpose of drafting majority and minority
dent to say nothing about the investigation.
FRED SCHWENGEL of Iowa which would have
reports and assisting the Members on issues
So what happened? Three of the mem-
given the minority 40 percent of the com-
of a more immediate party political nature.
bers of the board did follow instructions.
mittee staff on committees where the ma-
What, you ask, can I or my club do to
Adm. Arleigh Burke, former Chief of Naval
jority of the Republicans were dissatisfied
help solve these problems? You can help by
Operations did, Allen Dulles, former CIA
with the staff assistance they were getting.
writing your Congressmen and Senators be
Chief did, and General Taylor did. But
Congressman SCHWENGEL is now chairing our
they Democrat or Republican and asking
Bobby Kennedy, the fourth member didn't.
Conference Subcommittee on Increased
them how they stand on the staffing issue.
In one of the classic examples of news man-
Minority Staffing. He and his committee
Congressmen don't vote by weighing their
agement we have seen in this country, Bobby
have been performing yeomen's service in
mail but they will certainly sit up and take
told his version of the invasion to reporters
gathering data on the staffing problem, in
notice of an issue on which they receive
from U.S. News and World Report and the
pressing for more staff at the committee
intelligent letters. Particularly in a case
Knight newspapers. He was in Palm Beach
level, in arguing our case before the House
such as this where we are discussing a prob-
at the time.
Administration Committee which approves
lem peculiar to Congress, its methods of
Now like all good elephants, we Republi-
all committee budgets, and in planning
operation, and its public image. Congress-
cans have long memories. I would like you
future strategy in the staffing fight.
men are especially sensitive to the views and
to recall with me here today some of Mr.
Congressman SCHWENGEL estimates that
judgments of their constituents. Write and
Kennedy's own words and compare them
we shall have 30 more minority staff mem-
ask your Congressman if he feels that Con-
with his performance in this very important
bers this year than we had in the last Con-
gress is meeting its responsibilities in re-
incident.
gress, largely as a result of his committee's
viewing and considering executive proposals
First of all, let me read you a section out of
work. Furthermore the majority leader, CARL
for new spending and legislation. Is Con-
the Democratic platform which bears di-
ALBERT, as a result of the fight for more
gress adequately overseeing the executive
rectly on this subject. (Not that the plat-
minority staff has pledged his party to elimi-
agencies? The Billie Sol Estes case is only
form makes any difference, you understand,
nate partisan abuse in staffing and to abide
one example-albeit an extreme one-of how
to the Democrats. Its greatest value over
by the spirit of the Reorganization Act. We
the system can get out of order. Is Congress
the years have been to Republicans who are
intend to hold him to his word.
showing the leadership that the times de-
constantly able to show how hypocritical
On the Senate side our big guns have
mand? And within this broader context can
they are about saying one thing and doing
begun to swing into action although I might
Congress function at all without a mature
another.) The 1960 platform said: "We re-
add after our foot soldiers launched the
responsible opposition that has the staff
ject the Republican contention that the
offensive. We welcome their assistance.
resources to perform its role as critic and
workings of the Government are the special
You may have seen Senator GOLDWATER'S col-
to assume that more than one side of the
private preserve of the Executive. The mas-
umn a few Sundays ago. Senator GOLD-
issue is considered? These are mighty im-
sive wall of secrecy erected between the ex-
WATER said that:
portant questions. We are not dealing in
ecutive branch and the Congress as well as
"Insufficient minority staffing makes leg-
petty partisan politics but in issues that
the citizen, must be torn down. Informa-
islation more dependent than ever upon the
affect the course of our democracy.
tion must flow freely, save in those areas in
statistics, the witnesses, the proposals of the
I want to move now to another issue
which the national security is involved."
Democratic administration as transmitted
affecting the basic principles of our demo-
So on the basis of this strongly worded plat-
through the majority. I would make this
cratic way of life and our constitutional sys-
form, Senator Kennedy campaigned. As a
point just as emphatically if the situation
tem of government.
candidate he gave us lots of words about
were reversed and the proper committee
One of the least dramatic, but most serious,
how under his administration the public
staffing denied to the Democrats. The need
problems which has come up during the
would be well informed and how their Repre-
is for proper policies, properly researched,
last 2 years concerns the very foundation
sentatives in Congress would never be denied
properly arrived at and understood above and
of our ideals of representative government.
information they needed to pass the laws of
beyond the desires of the particular admin-
It affects me personally, and through me it
the land.
istration running the executive branch."
affects the 462,000 residents of Michigan I
At one point he said-very eloquently, I
Senator DIRKSEN has recently\ urged all
represent. But as a matter of fact the
think: "The President-who himself bears
ranking minority members on the standing
principle involved affects all Members of
much of the responsibility for the preserva-
committees of the Senate to press for more
Congress and all their constituents. I am
tion of American democracy-has the affirm-
staff assistance to service the needs of the
speaking of a little publicized idea called
ative duty to see to it that the American
minority.
"executive privilege." This is how I came
people are kept fully informed. It is true
I have been discussing the problem of
up against it several weeks ago:
that in today's world of peril some Govern-
minority staff but this is only a part of a
Gen. Maxwell D. Taylor, Chairman of the
ment information must be kept secret-in-
much larger problem that the staffing fight
Joint Chiefs of Staff, was testifying before
formation whose publication would endanger
has dramatically illustrated. The Congress
our defense appropriations subcommittee
the national security. The people of the
at large just does not have the staff re-
about the Cuban situation. We were asking
United States are entitled to the fullest pos-
sources it needs If it is to perform its proper
him some important and searching questions
sible information about their Government
role in our constitutional system. We have
about the Bay of Pigs invasion-which I
and the President must see that they receive
seen the gradual and continuing erosion of
might say will be looked on as one of the
it.
1963
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
A2921
Also on the campaign he referred spe-
formative letter back to the Nonpareil so
wish to include in the Appendix of the
cifically to Executive privilege. He said that
readers and neighbors could learn of
RECORD several of his recent columns
whenever information is not restricted by
their progress and their observations.
which I am sure will delight his fol-
specific statute, security needs, or the Con-
stitution, "there is no justification for using
I was pleased to read comments about
lowers:
the doctrine of Executive privilege to keep
places and experiences that matched my
[From the San Francisco Chronicle,
information from the Congress and the pub-
own recollections about some places.
Apr. 23, 1963]
lic." I hurry to add that, in the case of
Thus, I feel I am dutybound to share
EYEBALL TO EYEBALL WITH BIRTH CONTROL
General Taylor's refusal, no specific statute
with all the views Mrs. Ungar included
(By Arthur Hoppe)
would prohibit him from testifying, no se-
in her final letter, after making an east
curity is involved, and the Constitution gives
I'm sorry, I mentioned the other day that
to west trip through Japan, Taiwan,
no justification for his position at all. Con-
Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy had separate bedrooms
tinuing down "memory lane," I recall that in
Hong Kong, southeast Asia, India, Iran,
merely to point out that the richer you get,
his first state of the Union message Mr.
Turkey, Austria, Italy, and Spain.
the farther away from your wife you get.
Kennedy made every Congressman's and
It is significant to note that the Ungars
And the fewer children you have. I noted
newspaperman's heart warm with this state-
were in the Far East when the Clay Com-
that this was geographical birth control-
ment:
mission report on foreign aid came out;
"the only system," I said flatly, "that really
"For my part, I shall withhold from nei-
worked."
yet, in her direct and to-the-point cri-
ther the Congress nor the people any fact, or
So Mr. Kennedy promptly announced he
tique on the present value of foreign aid,
report-past, present, or future-which is
was going ot Europe in June. Great. And
necessary for any informed judgment of our
Alice Ungar states in a few words the
then Mrs. Kennedy announced she was-
conduct and hazards."
essential conclusions covered in thou-
Well, it's all my fault. I suppose I
The fact of the matter, from my own per-
sands of words by that illuminating
should've given more detailed instructions.
sonal experience with General Taylor and
document.
But that's the whole trouble with all our
the Bay of Pigs, is that the President is keep-
Mrs. Ungar's letter excerpt follows:
present complex methods. They require
ing the Congress and the public in the dark;
precise directions which you've got to follow
In the April 22 international issue of Life
he is preventing the lawfully elected repre-
to the letter. And in the proper sequence.
magazine we read that American aid to
sentatives of the people from making in-
Or else. Which is why love often conquers
116 foreign countries would pass the $100
formed judgments of the past conduct of our
all.
Government and therefore the future haz-
billion mark this year.
But our scientists, thank goodness, are
ards which we face. This, I submit, is con-
In only two countries we have visited-
Turkey and Spain-have we heard our aid
working on it. And I'm deliriously happy
trary to everything representative govern-
to learn that Dr. Carl G. Heller, who's what
ment stands for, to everything we Repub-
acknowledged. Our money has been spent
is called "a reproductive physiologist" at the
licans stand for and, if we can believe their
in accordance with the point 4 policy;
Pacific Northwest Research Foundation, has
platform, everything the Democrats them-
that is, everyone in the world should have
healthy living conditions, be educated, live
made a smashing technological breakthrough.
selves stand for.
in freedom and be provided with the op-
He's come up with a pill for gentlemen
portunity to work.
that's cheap, safe, harmless to your maleness
Each country we visited was clean and
and guaranteed obsolutely 100 percent effec-
prosperous, and thousands of apartment
tive. It even tastes good. In fact, says Dr.
Mrs. Ungar, World Traveler, Gives Her
houses and new buildings were everywhere.
Heller, tests show it's got only one teensy
little drawback:
Impression of Foreign Aid
In Hong Kong real estate values were as high
as New York City. In Thailand the news-
If you take a single drink while on the
papers pointed out they did not want for-
pills, your eyeballs turn bright red.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
eign help or military entanglements. They
Thus his new pills, the good doctor told
OF
prefer to help themselves.
the American Chemical Society sadly, "prob-
In India, we remember a traffic ticup that
ably would not be acceptable to men in the
HON. BEN F. JENSEN
Western World." And back he went to the
lasted 2 hours because 6 Indians lay down
in the middle of the street and pretended
old drawing board.
OF IOWA
they were dead. They had been notified
Nonsense. Here we are, faced with a pop-
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
the slum area in which they lived was to be
ulation explosion and our faint-hearted
Thursday, May 9, 1963
razed, and they were protesting.
scientists are willing to scrap our salvation.
In Vienna, the city is still building spa-
All because of one tiny little flaw. Shades
Mr. JENSEN. Mr. Speaker, as you
cious housing units for factory workers al-
of Thomas Alva Edison. Is this what made
know, I have consistently voted against
though they now have 170,000 such flats.
America great? No.
the huge appropriations for foreign aid
The oldest of these may be rented for $4
I say we've got to get out there and sell.
since the end of the shooting war.
to 88 a month.
For example, we could sell men on the idea
The record shows that I have been on
We saw no suburban shopping centers.
of giving up drinking because *. Well,
the losing side; that this country has
Old areas in the cities were being torn down
we could at least sell them on wearing dark
and rebuilt. As a result, all the cities we
work wouldn't cure. Ads: "Are your eye-
lavished a hundred billion dollars on
saw were beautiful, and their property values
balls pale, tired, colorless?" Drinks: "The
friends and erstwhile friends all over the
had increased a hundredfold.
new red eye highball." Contests: "Mr. red-
globe, notwithstanding what I consider
In each place I have visited, I have thought
blooded American eyeball."
clear evidence that the gain achieved by
of the city in which I live and which I love
Actually, when you stop to think about it,
these expenditures is not nearly so posi-
and I think it is time to stop sending help
there's nothing inherently wrong with red
tive as the condition of our Treasury is
abroad.
eyeballs. Not that a little good promotion
negative.
It is time, and past, to do something about
work wouldn't cure. Ads: "Are Your Eye-
I will not belabor you at this time with
our own streets and housing needs and in-
balls Pale, Tired, Colorless?" Drinks: "The
dustrial development. I think it is time
New Red Eye Highball." Contests: "Mr. Red-
my own often-expressed views gathered
on personal trips to foreign-aid coun-
to turn the fruit of our work to our own
Blooded American Eyeball."
benefit, where we can see and enjoy and
Of course, the ladies would take a bit of
tries. But I would like to have printed
appreciate the results.
convincing. You know how they are. We
in the RECORD at this point an excerpt
might start by planting a few pointed arti-
from a letter written to the Council
cles in the ladies' magazines. Such as True
Bluffs (Iowa) Nonpareil by a constitu-
Confessions: "There we were, eyeball to
ent of mine, Mrs. Alice Ungar of Council
Arthur Hoppe's Columns
eyeball-and his were white."
Bluffs.
Eventually, I'm sure, we'd convince them
Mrs. Ungar, accompanied by her hus-
of the undeniable advantages of such a
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
band Leo, has just returned from a 75-
method. I mean there you are, an attractive
OF
day air trip around the world. This is
young lady. You walk into a cocktail party
just another in a series of trips this
HON. J. ARTHUR YOUNGER
crowded with handsome young bachelors.
Half have red eyeballs, half don't. Which
perceptive couple has made. I mention
OF CALIFORNIA
Well, I don't want to go into details.
this so that the House will know they
But we'd soon separate the ladies from the
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
are experienced travelers, ones who have
girls. And most bachelors will, I know, agree
visited and revisited many lands and
Thursday, May 9, 1963
that's an undeniable advantage right there.
thus have been able to make compari-
Mr. YOUNGER. Mr. Speaker, now
Oh, I can hear you saying you don't care.
sons.
You still don't like red eyeballs. Well let me
that Art Hoppe has hopped back to Cali-
tell you this is no time for petty aesthetic
Periodically during their globe-girdling
fornia after visiting Washington and
prejudices. All present methods require dill-
trip, Mrs. Ungar wrote a chatty and in-
other geographical points of interest, I
gence or sacrifice. Join your local red eye-