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1968: Unidentified Flying Objects - Information (folder B131-27)
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1968: Unidentified Flying Objects - Information (folder B131-27)
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Gerald R. Ford Congressional Papers
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The original documents are located in Box B131, folder "1968: Unidentified Flying Objects
(folder 27)" of the Gerald R. Ford Congressional Papers at the
Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
Copyright Notice
The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of
photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald Ford donated to the
United States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives
collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in
the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are
presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject
to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
1968: Unidentified Flying Objects - Information (folder B131-
27)
Gerald R. Ford Congressional Papers
Page 8
UFO INVESTIGATOR
THE
MEMBERSHIP CONTEST
AF PROJECT
U.F.O.
Investigator
REPORT
REPORTS
NICAP's summer campaign to enlarge its membership proved to be
ineffective. With only one per cent of the membership entering the prize
FACTS ABOUT UNIDENTIFIED FLYING OBJECTS
contest, less than a hundred new members were recruited.
The NICAP disclosure of long-hidden AF UFO reports, in our recent
Entries averaged a scant three a day, including renewals, which were
publication, "U.S. Air Force Projects Grudge and Blue Book reports,"
Published by the National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena
also eligible. Speculation on the cause centered on the distractions of an
continues to have a powerful impact, convincing numerous skeptics who
election year, which tend to take much of the time and interest an
formerly rejected charges of AF-UFO secrecy.
Vol. IV, No. 8
September-October, 1968
individual might otherwise give to nonpolitical activities.
Favorable mention of this NICAP publication during the recent
Five kinds of prizes were offered, but some went begging. No
Congressional UFO hearings brought it to the attention of legislators,
contestant, except two of the top prize winners, was able to secure ten
scientists, members of the press and others present who learned of it for
entries, the requirement for one of the fourth prizes. Only three
the first time.
THE COMING BATTLE OVER UFOs
contestants were able to get the five entries required for the other
Beside numerous AF-recorded cases, still bearing the original "Secret"
fourth prize.
or "Confidential" stamps, the publication pictures the puzzling and often
The one positive note was that all winners were affiliated with
contradictory situation before the new "dark age" of official debunking,
NICAP, either as members or investigators or some other kind of
which began early in 1953.
NICAP Preparing for Crucial Year of 1969
representative. The membership drive was open to all persons except paid
The contradictory views held by some of the AF project members are
staff members but very few outside NICAP chose to enter. Here are the
seen in salty comments on Dr. Menzel's views-disparaging the astron-
The Pentagon's national publicity campaign to exploit the forth-
winners:
omer's attempted explanations of UFOs-and also in some unusual
coming Condon UFO report is certain to set off a heated battle involving
THANK YOU
First Prize: S. J. Larsen, Chicago, Ill.; Second Prize: R. S. Carr,
official comments on the effects of ridicule.
hundreds of opposing scientists, members of Congress, and many of the
Clearwater, Fla.; Third Prize: H. M. Gross, Harrisburg, Pa.; Fourth Prize:
press and public already convinced that the AF-financed Colorado
We are very grateful to the members whose response to our
P. J. Rozich, Alliance, Ohio; R. P. Toczek, Chicago, III.; Mrs. E. R. Zott,
project was a fiasco, its leaders biased from the start.
financial-emergency message saved us from suspending operations.
Montvale, N.J.
CONCEALED CASES
In an unprecedented debunking plan, the AF is permitting Condon
It was a close call-we hope it will never happen again.
Winners have been notified by NICAP, and prizes are being prepared
and Colorado University to publish the report in a hard-cover book and
We are sorry that this issue and the "UFOs-A New Look'
for shipment. The first prize winner will receive an original color painting
The once-secret AF project cases include reports by highly-rated
in a paperback edition by Bantam Books. It has not been disclosed
publication were unavoidably delayed while we waited for
of the UFO sighting of his choice, a ten-year NICAP membership and
whether the project and the university are to keep the royalties-in
sufficient funds.
observers whose sightings never were explained, such as an incident
three autographed NICAP publications.
at Odessa, Washington, where an F-94 pilot had visual and radar
addition to the half-million dollars paid by the AF-or whether the
At first, all the money received had to go into paying overdue
Even though the contest did not produce the hoped-for results,
university and the AF will split the money-or if the AF will take the
taxes and back bills for printing and other vital services, all of
contact with a rapidly maneuvering UFO-larger than any known
NICAP wishes to thank those of you who took the trouble of entering.
royalties.
which had to be paid quickly if we were to keep on operating.
aircraft-which for 15 minutes eluded the jet pilot's attempts to close
We sincerely appreciate your interest and support.
The AF publicity campaign will use extracts from the Condon
In regard to "UFOs-A New Look," the printer's first estimate
in
A UFO reported by a military and a civilian observer at Colorado
report. A series of news releases, magazine articles and TV and radio
was increased more than 50%, and as previously announced we>
Springs. Seen in midday, the UFO was described as a fast, round
MEMBERSHIP CARDS
metallic-looking object, shaped "like two soup bowls put together." The
programs is being designed to flood the country.
had to wait for enough orders to cover costs. However, the
unknown object, only 10 to 15 feet above the ground, was so close that
Reports to us from usually well-informed sources indicate Condon's
publication is now at the printer's, and to make up for the
In the last Investigator, we announced we would enclose new
conclusions will be, as expected, completely negative. It is said to evade
unfortunate delay we will pay to have all fourth-class book-rate>
the witnesses-listed by the AF as "reliable observers"-could see lighted
membership cards with this issue. The purpose was to send cards to
most of the detailed, verified reports given the project-reports by
mailings speeded up by "Special Handling," which the post office
ports or openings.
members who had renewed but still had their old cards. We had tried to
astronomers and other scientists, veteran military and airline pilots,
For over six years, NICAP tried to obtain the hidden AF Project
states is not much longer than first-class mail. (All those who paid
send new cards to renewing members, but the loss of part of the staff,
reports. Since there was definitely one AF project report-Special Blue
aerospace engineers, astronauts, missile and satellite trackers, and many
for first-class mailing will of course receive this service.) We
causing an overload on the rest, made it impossible to keep it up.
Book Report 14-we knew there must be earlier ones, though the AF
hundreds of other competent, reliable observers.
sincerely appreciate your patience.
The fact that memberships expire throughout the year has created a
constantly denied this. Finally, with the aid of the Moss Committee, we
Relatively few of the hundreds of high-quality reports were checked
During the wait, other timely "new look" material was added:
difficult problem. The plan to send new cards to everyone, with this
were able to get the reports. (They had been technically "declassified" in
in the field by the project-and none by Dr. Condon. Coordinator Robert
to the manuscript, which we believe will increase readers' interest.
issue, was a stopgap step, but it meant also sending new cards to the
1960-but not made available until the Moss Committee forced their
J. Low admitted to NICAP, in a Washington conference, that Condon
Again, our fervent thanks-for the many encouraging letters
majority of members who do not now need them. The added printing
had never interviewed any witnesses-except a few "contactees" claiming
urging us to hang on," and for the contributions and orders which
release.)
and mailing (matching each card with the right envelope) meant an
The NICAP publication contains photocopies of the official reports,
to have met spacemen-and that he had no plans for any field
made it possible.
additional charge at a time when we have to hold down expenses.
still bearing their classifications of "Secret" or "Confidential."
investigations or interviews, even with top-rated observers.
We are attempting to find an early solution. We may possibly get some
volunteer help-until we can afford to add to the staff-who can check
The following steps have been taken to mobilize scientific and
SUPER DEBUNKING
each renewer's record and put new individual code symbols on each
specialized talent to investigate UFOs: Start has been made on a National
renewal membership card. It may be we can devise a new type of card
NICAP PRAISED
In summing up, the Condon report was described as a super-
Medical Panel, doctors to provide medical examinations for UFO
which will eliminate the renewal problem. In case no perfect solution can
debunking job, accepting typical AF explanations for UFO reports and
witnesses claiming physiological effects; later to advise on witness-
be found, we probably will have to send newly coded cards to everyone,
In the July 29 Congressional hearings, Dr. J. E. McDonald, one of the
rejecting even multiple-witness daylight sightings fully confirmed by FAA
screening techniques. Includes psychologists and hypnotists (Colorado
which entails an expensive mass processing job besides matching the
panel scientists, called this publication "One of the most significant and
or military radar. The report is said not only to reject all such capable
Project made only one hypnotic test of a witness.) National network of
name and address on each card with the corresponding addressed
certainly one of the most fascinating of the recent additions to the UFO
testimony but to attempt to discredit and ridicule the observers involved
engineers and physicists to suggest improved methods for investigation of
envelope.
literature," adding that it confirmed the authenticity of the case material
and also serious UFO research organizations-especially NICAP (in spite
E-M (Electromagnetic) interference reports, also general instrumentation
We apologize for not sending renewal cards at this time. Please bear
upon which NICAP's director and Capt. E. J. Ruppelt (former Blue Book
of previous high praise for NICAP evidence and its investigations).
plans. New NICAP-D.C. Subcommittee includes an astronomer, psychol-
with us and we shall try to find a satisfactory solution before the
chief) had drawn for their discussions.
If all this is true-and our long experience with Dr. Condon and
ogist, other scientists, and engineers. Because of nearness to NICAP
following issue.
Just after the hearings were adjourned, Congressman J. Edward
Coordinator Low indicates a completely biased report-then an explosive
headquarters, they will serve as special Headquarters advisers.
Roush, the presiding officer, told the director that he fully agreed with
reaction is inevitable.
Early next year, we expect to have over 400 such advisers-since
REPRINT (Cont. from page 7)
Dr. McDonald as to the value of the publication.
It is our sober opinion that an AF attempt to pressure the country
hundreds already have offered their aid and the establishment of new
charge for reprint editions has gone up, as well as postage, the price for
We are enclosing an order form for this 240-page book, which is
into acceptance of such a report will backfire disastrously, by bringing
panels is underway. Subjects to be studied are: reports of UFO radiation;
members in the United States will remain $5.00. This includes the charge
printed in the same format as "The UFO Evidence," with a blue cover.
some little-known details of the AF-Colorado project into the spotlight.
possible methods of propulsion; questions of possible communication;
for special expedited fourth-class handling, which NICAP will absorb to
The price is $5.00 for U.S. members, and delivery will be expedited
The criticism most likely to upset the AF-Condon publicity campaign
E-M "blackout" reports; and others to be announced. An overall search
cut down long delays in delivery. The price for members in Canada and
by "book rate special handling," for which NICAP will absorb the extra
will come from scientists disturbed over the Colorado project. In the last
for overlooked clues, aspects, is being planned, with attention to possible
Mexico, including the special handling, will be $5.50; for foreign
charge. This quicker delivery will do away with most of the previous
few months, a rapidly increasing number of scientists and engineers have
patterns or cycles.
members, $7.00, for first-class mailings, since other mailings often take
fourth-class mail delays. Therefore the previous first-class rate of $6.00 is
offered us their help and support, agreeing to serve as advisers and on
Many, if not all, of these scientific-technical advisers will be asked to
months. ALL OTHER FIRST-CLASS MAILINGS-IN THE U.S.,
discontinued.
panels to evaluate NICAP evidence with true scientific methods.
evaluate the Condon Report. We shall report their reactions-individually
CANADA, AND MEXICO, HAVE BEEN DISCONTINUED.
Prices for members in Canada and Mexico will be $5.50 (including
One of the first results has been a Joint Statement by Scientists and
if they wish, or in an approved joint statement-as soon as they have had
An order form is enclosed with this issue, for members unable to
special handling), and for members in other foreign countries, $7.00
Engineers calling for a Congressional probe and pledging support for a
time to study the long report.
secure copies while the "Evidence" was out of print. We also suggest that
(first-class mail, to avoid long delays.)
scientific study. (We lack space here, but the statement and the first
Even if the AF all-out debunking campaign leads to a violent
a copy would make a good Christmas present for an interested relative or
Sufficient copies are on hand and a new mailing service company is
group of names appears in "UFOs-A New Look." We shall give some of
controversy, we intend to concentrate on provable facts and documented
friend.
prepared to mail out copies promptly, on receipt of orders.
the details in the next issue.)
records in any necessary corrections of Condon report statements.
Page 2
UFO INVESTIGATOR
UFO INVESTIGATOR
Page 3
THE UFO INVESTIGATOR
ASTRONAUT REPORTS
RECENT SIGHTINGS REPORTED
Published by
The National Investigations Committee
SEEING UFOs
on Aerial Phenomena
1536 Connecticut Avenue, N. W.
Col. James A. McDivitt, command pilot for the forthcoming Apollo 9
Washington, D. C. 20036
Sightings by automobile executive Henry Ford II and a helicopter
"sweeping the area," reflecting off the surface of the lake. Then the UFO
lunar test mission, has recently confirmed sighting three UFOs while in
Copyright, 1968, National Investigations Committee on Aerial
pilot in Vietnam highlight UFO reports of the past several months, which
righted itself and disappeared.
Phenomena (NICAP) All rights reserved, except that up to
space.
occurred in at least six states and four foreign countries. Characteristics
A pilot and his four passengers also saw an object that emitted light
"They're there without a doubt," the astronaut stated at a press
300 words may be quoted by daily and weekly newspapers,
include plane and vehicle pacings, light beams, an alleged photograph,
beams between midnight and 2 a.m., September 30.
news-wire services andnews broadcasters, provided NICAP
conference in Dallas, Oct. 5. "But what they are is anybody's guess."
and an object seen as a "fiery wheel."
Dodgie Stockmar reported to NICAP that he was piloting his Piper
is credited. No material may be reprinted by any book or
The three UFOs were spotted during McDivitt's orbital flight on June
A sighting by a group of Ford Motor Company executives reportedly
Aztec over Louisville, Kentucky, on a flight from Columbus, Ohio, to
magazine publishers without written permission from NICAP
5, 1965.
took place on a recent flight from the Hemisfair in San Antonio, Texas,
Nashville, Tennessee, when he and his passengers saw a UFO with a beam
NICAP Editors: Maj. Donald E. Keyhoe, Director, and
"The first was simply a dot of light
that
moved
on
a
parallel
to Detroit, Michigan. Among the witnesses was Henry Ford II, grandson
shining downward. The unknown object dropped to the plane's level and
Gordon I. R. Lore, Jr., Assistant Director.
course," McDivitt said. "The second was a white tubular device with a
of the automotive genius most responsible for the development of the
began pacing the aircraft. Exhibiting a pulsating light, it descended to a
Trademark "NICAP" Registered
long pole sticking out of the end, and the third defied description.'
automobile.
restricted area near Louisville and then disappeared as a delta-wing jet
During the second sighting, as the Gemini spacecraft was making its
"We saw something round and white," Mr. Ford stated, as reported
approached the area. The witnesses reported that the UFO sent two or
20th orbit over Hawaii, Col. McDivitt photographed the unknown object.
by Bob Irvin of The Detroit News. "I don't know what it was, but it
three beams toward the ground.
BOARD OF GOVERNORS
After the first public NASA report of the sighting, the AF said the object
definitely wasn't a plane."
On the evening of Aug. 19, three observers saw the same or similar
was an orbiting Pegasus satellite. This explanation was widely rejected
The Ford Company's Jetstar was cruising at 40,000 feet when a
object at two different times, from a housing development about two
Dr. Marcus Bach: Author & playwright, member of American Academy
because the distances between the Pegasus satellite and the Gemini
dish-like object was seen pacing the plane. Ford instructed the pilot to
miles east of Phelps Corner, Maryland (southeast of Washington, D.C.).
of Political & Social Sciences. PhD, University of Iowa.
spacecraft were too great.
contact the Air Force to send up an interceptor, but "he [the pilot]
At approximately 8:20 p.m., Mr. and Mrs. James H. Harper, Jr., were
Rev. Albert H. Baller: Congregational Minister, Clinton, Massachusetts.
In NASA's annual publication, "Astronautics and Aeronautics," the
didn't want to because he was afraid they would think he was a kook."
sitting at their dining-room table watching a lightning display following
a
Graduate Nebraska Wesleyan University and Boston University School
agency stated that the witness "was unable to identify the
object,
Mr. Ford estimated that the UFO paced the plane more than 30 minutes.
thunderstorm.
of Theology.
and other NASA statements have confirmed that it remained unidenti-
Military personnel in every major U.S. conflict since the First World
"I saw a moving light upon the horizon," Harper told a NI
Col. J. Bryan III, USAFR (Ret.): Writer & author, Richmond, Va.
fied.
War have reported UFOs. The Vietnam war is no exception.
investigator. "[It was] over the trees and
when it got to about
Former special assistant to Secretary of Air Force (1952-3), assigned
According to Beverly Deepe, Special Correspondent of The Christian
vicinity of Rosecroft Racetrack, it started to hover
We
went
to
the
to staff of Gen. Lauris Norstad, NATO (1959), editorial staff of
Science Monitor, an unidentified helicopter pilot and co-pilot kept a
balcony and watched it
"
national magazines.
fast-moving UFO in view for 20 minutes over the U.S. Marine base at
According to the witnesses, the object was oval with a center band
Col. Robert Emerson, USAR: Research chemist, Emerson Testing Lab.,
Dong Ha, Vietnam.
that had four or five red and white flashing lights.
Baton Rouge, La. Member American Chemical Society Speaker's
"It stopped and hovered over Dong Ha," the pilot stated, "and then it
Through binoculars, Harper said, lightning flashes seemed toube
Bureau, graduate Chemical Warfare School, Edgewood Arsenal, Gen-
started flying backward, and finally it elevated like a rocket and zoomed
"playing around" the object.
eral Staff Colonel (Fort Leavenworth), and other military schools.
away. All we could see was a white misty object with two green lights on
"Long
fingers
of
lightning
seemed
to
be
actually
striking all
Mr. Dewey J. Fournet: Former Major, USAF (Intelligence). Monitor of
it. My gunners were scared to death and radioed let's get out of here
around it," Harper reported, "illuminating [it] for quite a while
official UFO program; Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
never believed in these UFO stores before, but I do now."
He said he watched through the binoculars as the UFO ascended-on
Mr. J. B. Hartranft, Jr.: President, Aircraft Owners & Pilots Association,
an angle and disappeared into a cloud cover.
Former Army Air Corps Lt. Col., founder of U.S. Air Guard (now
Three hours later, a neighbor, Mrs. Gwen E. Donovan, saw a UFO
Civil Air Patrol), graduate University of Pennsylvania.
from the same apartment complex. She first noticed helicopter activity
Rear Admiral H. B. Knowles, USN (Ret.): Eliot, Maine. Veteran of both
LIGHT BEAMS
the area and counted seven of the aircraft.
World War I and World War II. Held important submarine commands.
"It struck me as kind of funny," she said, "because I had never seen
Graduate U.S. Naval Academy.
UFOs that emitted light beams were seen in three states and an Iron
so many in the sky at one time Also, I noticed an object
I
don't
Dr. Charles P. Olivier: President American Meteor Society, Narbeth, Pa.
know
Curtain country.
what
it
was
I couldn't believe it
Professor Emeritus of Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania. Former
An international news service in Bucharest reported that, recently, "a
She stated the UFO had "flashing, circular lights." It remained
Director of Flower & Cook Observatory. Contributor to Encyclopedia
group of excursionists" in Cluj, Rumania, saw over a forest a round ob-
stationary in the sky, then disappeared.
Britannica & Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory reports on
UFO photographed by Astronaut McDivitt
ject "that rapidly changed its position and direction." It also "emitted
meteors.
a powerful white light."
Dr. Bruce A. Rogers: Emeritus Professor of Mechanical Engineering,
During the several minutes that the UFO was in view, pictures
FIERY WHEEL
A&M College of Texas. PhD (Physics & Metallurgy), Harvard
TRANSFERS IN SPACE
reportedly were obtained. The photographs were said to resemble those
University; M.S. (Physics), University of Chicago. Member, American
taken by Rex Heflin in Santa Ana, California, on August 3, 1965. The
The following is a recent case, as reported to NICAP.
Nuclear Society; American Institute of Mining, Metallurgy &
The Apollo 9 mission is scheduled for launching in February, 1969.
Petroleum Engineering; & Electrochemical Society.
The flight will be the first test of a lunar landing module linked to an
Cluj Astronomic Observatory stated that it had received UFO reports
At about 6:35 a.m., August 15, Leonard B. Bartlett stepped outside
Apollo spacecraft. The Apollo 9 is scheduled to be boosted by a Saturn V
from other witnesses in the vicinity.
his home in St. Petersburg Beach, Florida, to retrieve the morning paper,
A panel of Special Advisors, experts in fields of science, engineering,
rocket into an orbit 270 miles above the earth. The astronauts will spend
At 6:30 a.m., June 10, Miss Mavis Strickland saw four objects moving
when he heard a "humming noise" and looked up. He saw a huge "fiery
aviation, and other technical and specialized disciplines, assists with
nearly 11 days conducting maneuvers and engineering projects, and
over Surfside Beach, Freeport, Texas. The first UFO, she said, flew at a
wheel" UFO, with the outside revolving around a "deep blue center."
evaluations of UFO reports:
"terrific
rate
of
testing the lunar landing module.
speed
stopped, then zig-zagged
stopped
again,
Bartlett estimated the object to be between 125 and 150 feet in
The first main operation will be to separate the Apollo 9 from the
then disappeared over the horizon.
diameter.
rocket's third stage and the module, after three orbits of the earth.
The second object was the "brightest and closest." It was zig-zagging
As the witness called to his son-in-law and daughter, Rev. and Mrs.
"We will dock the Apollo with the lunar module and release it from
south. Then it "straightened," zig-zagged again and stopped for about 15
Charles Blanck, "the UFO apparently flipped over and went straight up,
Please help us publicize NICAP's name and address. Often persons
the third stage of the rocket," McDivitt explained. "The two vehicles
minutes. During this time it emitted a red beam of light, then moved
leaving a vapor ring
away.
"Then it hung in the sky for a few minutes and simply appeared
interested in joining NICAP are delayed in doing so because they do not
lock together in orbit."
know our address.
While orbiting at 18,000 m.p.h., McDivitt and his astronaut crew will
The third and fourth UFOs also followed approximately the same
to 'fuzz out,' Mrs. Blanck said in her report to NICAP, "the outline
experiment in transferring from the Apollo 9 to the module. This will be
zig-zagging pattern.
getting more and more indistinct until it was no longer there."
We are grateful to those members who send us newspaper clips of
achieved in two ways, through the outer escape hatches and also through
On the night of Aug. 16, Green Briar Lake, between Somerville and
Reports of fiery-wheel objects date back to antiquity. The Japanese
sightings or other interesting developments pertaining to UFOs. Fre-
quently we fail to learn promptly of sightings reported only in local
a connecting transfer tunnel in the nose of the spacecraft. The astronauts
Collinsville, Ohio, was the scene of an object that emitted light beams
Kamakura scroll (12th-15th Century) depicts a wheel with eight spokes
papers, or on local newscasts.
have been training for two years to accomplish this mission.
from its underside. The witnesses were Deputy Sheriff E. V. Asher, his
centered within a fiery ball. Objects with wheels were seen during the
The Dallas Times Herald science writer, Bill Case, paraphrases a
son, two daughters and his mother-in-law; Mr. and Mrs. Harold
great airship mystery of 1896-7 and well into this century.
In sending us such information, please note the name of the
question put to Col. McDivitt: What comes after Apollo 9-which
McGhehey; Tucker Barnhardt; Jim and Elsa Stephenson; and Craig
A sharply defined disc paced a busload of tourists between Terracina
newspaper(s) and also the dates. The same applies to broadcasting station
reports, and in addition a postcard or brief note with the names of
obviously is the final dress rehearsal of both men and equipment for an
Stephenson, a member of the Green Berets special forces stationed in
and Naples, Italy, during the latter part of the summer, according to the
Vietnam.
wife of a U.S. Air Force member stationed in Ramstein, Germany.
witnesses, sighting location, and key points of the sighting will be greatly
attempted moon landing?
appreciated.
"The possibilities are fantastic," McDivitt answered. "We're learning
The white, oval object, with a black spot at one end, was first seen
"We were about two hours from Terracina at 12:25 p.m., on August
more from every mission-and the results from Apollo 9 could open
coming from the southwest toward the lake. As it reached the dam at the
22," stated Mrs. Kenneth W. Collins. "It [the disc] was flying parallel to
Please inform us promptly of any change of address, so you will not
doors we've never dreamed of."
southern end of the lake, it stopped, "flipped over," and showed "five
our bus, over a field. It was metallic gray and had a dome top. It was
miss the next issue.
brilliant white beams of light emanating.
from
beneath.
The
beams,
moving in a slow, straight line. The underside had square windows
all
which appeared to merge at the bottom "into one large beam," began
around it and a small, round darker [spot] in the middle."
Page 4
UFO INVESTIGATOR
UFO INVESTIGATOR
Page 5
European Airlines Network
NEW PROGRAM FOR
Panel to Study
"UFOs:
An impressive network of English and European airlines for reporting
PLANETARY OBSERVATION
UFO sightings to NICAP is now in operation. Called EURONET, the
Occupant Reports
A New Look"
network's founder and director is Julian J. A. Hennessey, member of
NICAP's European Subcommittee. About 20 airlines thus far have agreed
A strong recommendation in favor of increased planetary observation
to participate in the NICAP project.
and exploration has been made by the Space Science Board of the
As a new approach to the problem of UFO "occupant" claims,
As explained on page 1, NICAP's latest publication-" New
Among the participants are: British Overseas Airways Corporation
National Academy of Sciences, in a report titled "Planetary Exploration
NICAP has organized a panel of scientists to evaluate such reports. Cases
Look"-is now at the printer's. As soon as it is off the press, copies will
(BOAC), British European Airways, Lufthansa, KLM-Royal Dutch
1968-1975," issued in July 1968.
submitted to the panel, or being prepared for evaluation, are mostly
be mailed by expedited "special handling" first-class, if so ordered.
Airlines, British United Airways Limited, Invicta Airways Limited,
In spite of budgetary problems, the Space Science Board panel stressed
reports of sighting or briefly encountering alien beings, with no claims of
For our newest members, who did not receive the previous issue, and for
Caledonian Airways, Alitalia, Irish International Airlines, British Eagle
that more ground-based opportunities for the study of the planets are
communication.
others who may now wish to order copies, here is the table of contents,
International Airlines Limited, Icelandair and Iberian Air Lines.
necessary if the spacecraft exploration program is continued.
However, to cover a wide range, the scientists have also been given
by sections.
Over 700 aircraft crews are participating in the project. The air route
The panel concluded that the application of new technologies now
some of the more fantastic reports, the type rejected by most people as
area covered is over half a million miles.
devoted to the study of the stars be "beefed up and turned toward the
ridiculous hoaxes or delusions.
I. The UFO Revolution. II. Extraterrestrials-Suggested Motives and
The panel has been asked to give all these stories a fair examination.
Origins. III. Vehicle Pacings and Encounters. IV. Close-Range Sightings;
planets." It singled out the availability of newer and more sophisticated
Even if they finally reject the more bizarre claims, their evaluations will
Structural Details. V. Scientific Support; Congressional Hearings. VI.
high-resolution radar and high-powered computers as two means of
be of value, especially for the psychologists on the panel. It should be
Landings; Physical Traces. VII. Are There UFO Occupants? VIII. The
focusing more attention on planetary questions. The panel specifically
SIGHTINGS (Cont. from page 3)
possible to work up guides for the recognition of ordinary errors,
Colorado Project.
recommended that:
NASA initiate now a program of Pioneer/IMP-class spinning
delusions and deliberate fabrications.
"UFOs-A New Look" includes recent important developments>and
Search For
spacecraft to orbit Venus and Mars at every opportunity and for
A complete section in "UFOs-A New Look," covers typical occupant
trends; scientists' discussions of possible origins and motives, an
exploratory missions to other targets.
reports, some in full detail, which the panel is evaluating. They include:
examination of selected "occupant reports" by reputedly religble
Hidden Sightings
NASA planetary program planning should be closely coordinated
A 1968 report of two supposed alien beings seen inside the dome of a
observers with no claims of contact, and a few more bizarre claims being
with Earth-orbital telescopes being designated for the 1970s and with
low-hovering disc-shaped device; two New Zealand reports of similar
evaluated along with the others by a NICAP panel of scientists; selected
We are aware that many good sighting reports-some of them cases
infrared aircraft telescopes now under construction.
beings, one a low-altitude sighting by a missionary, Father W. B. Gill, and
close-range and close-approach cases with sketches by witnesses; U.S and
with new, possibly significant angles-are not being publicized. Some
Larger missions to Mars should include a Mariner orbiter mission
members of his mission; a close-range report from a reputable New
foreign reports of "machine-like" devices, E-M interference effects and
reports by military pilots and personnel are withheld as a matter of
in 1971, and a Mariner-type orbiter and lander mission, based on a
England witness, describing two strange figures moving inside a hovering
physiological aspects; interesting parts of the 1968 Congressional OFO
Titan-Centaur, in 1973.
UFO
other simple encounter reports, and a few detailed, bizarre
official policy. Some sightings and UFO encounters by airline pilots often
hearings; and a discussion of the Colorado University UFO project,
Priorities be accorded to Mariner-Class Venus-Mercury fly-bys in
claims in a separate group.
are kept quiet because airline executives usually are uneasy about
NICAP-submitted evidence, and the expected negative report by Dr. E.U.
1973 or 1975, a multiple drop-sonde mission to Venus in 1975, and a
Almost from the beginning of NICAP, we have been faced with the
possible passenger reactions.
Condon.
There are still many business exeuctives, scientists, lawyers, and other
major lander-type mission on Mars in 1975.
question of whether alien beings from a more advanced civilization have
citizens in various fields who keep quiet because they fear that ridicule
Steps should be taken to facilitate analysis of data secured by the
actually been seen by people on earth.
photographic planetary patrol.
FASTER MAILING
may hurt them, their business or their standing in their communities.
Though the number who speak out is increasing, there are un-
The NASA program of ground-based optical astronomy should
doubtedly hundreds-more likely thousands-of reputable, competent
continue to receive strong support, and opportunities for planetary
THE TWO GROUPS
For members desiring copies of this publication, an order form is
UFO witnesses who are waiting for a drastic change, a wide and serious
observation be implemented by: construction of an intermediate-sized
enclosed with this issue. Originally, the publication was announced at
acceptance of UFO reality, and an end to the ridicule.
telescope in the Southern Hemisphere and construction of an infrared
Our general policy on this subject was stated in "The UFO Evidence"
introductory prices of $2.00 (Fourth class to U.S. and Canada), $2.50
Encouraging such reluctant observers to report UFO sightings publicly
telescope with a very large collecting area at a dry site in the Northern
as follows: "As long as it is considered a reasonable hypothesis that some
(First class to U.S. and Canada), and $3.00 (First class to other
is one of the most important services NICAP members can perform to
Hemisphere.
UFOs are space ships, it is logical to suppose that some form of contact
countries). These prices were based on the printer's first estimate, which
with extraterrestrial beings is possible
Our
policy
has
been
to
help speed a breakthrough. If you know of such witnesses, ask if they
quietly
has since been increased by about 50%; the addition of other material in
investigate the controversial cases to the best of our ability
We
will agree to join with a group of reputable UFO observers in a joint
the report has also added to the production cost.
statement and details of their sightings. If they still are reluctant, ask if
THE CORRESPONDENCE
readily concede that cases of claimed contact with, or close observation
of, beings in landed [or hovering] vehicles demand the closest scrutiny
Accordingly, we are regretfully forced to increase the prices as
they will give NICAP their reports on condition that their names are kept
These cases should not be used to imply either that NICAP
follows: U.S., $3.00; Canada and Mexico, $3.50; other countries $4.00.
confidential. Often, confidential reports have filled in gaps in cases, or
accepts them at face value, or that we are gullible
We
do
have enabled us to search for other witnesses, once we know of the
BACKLOG
not
With the use of the enclosed form the increased prices apply. A
hidden facts.
uncritically accept all reports rather, when reports come from
change in the postage rates used by NICAP will also take effect now. We
We know of several powerful cases which, if combined in a joint
seemingly reputable people and are made with reasonable objectivity, we
will use first-class mail only for orders shipped to foreign countries other
public statement, would jolt the skeptics and also official debunkers. We
We should like to answer personally every letter we receive, but this
believe only that they deserve serious attention and far more thorough
than Canada and Mexico. All other orders will be mailed Fourth Class
has been impossible for several years. We dislike form letters as much as
investigation."
Book Rate, Special Handling. This will simplify the clerical work at
shall keep on trying to persuade such witnesses to speak out. Meantime,
NICAP of sending out publications, and we are informed by the post
we urge that all NICAP members join in this search for hidden reports.
you undoubtedly dislike to receive them, but using them is unavoidable
Occupant reports can be divided roughly into two groups:
office that Special Handling ensures much quicker delivery than Book
because of the flood of mail and our small staff.
(1) The typical "contactee" story, usually claiming meetings with
Rate alone. The Special Handling fee will be absorbed by NICAP.
The amount of NICAP mail varies considerably. During one peak
period, we received over 2200 letters the first day, about 1800 the next,
space beings and conversations or telepathic communications. Often the
Of course if you have already ordered the New Look at the original
BRAZIL GROUP CONCLUDES
and on down to some 600 a day at the end of a week. It took another
discussions are alleged to have a salvationist theme-the "visitors" being
price and under the previous postage arrangements, your order is being
week just to process this mail (not answer it)-while more came in-and
concerned over our problems on earth and hoping to save us from
processed according to those arrangements.
even the most urgent letters were snowed under by this huge backload.
destruction.
UFOs ARE SPACE DEVICES
As a result, the director, assistant director and two of the staff have
letters absolutely requiring detailed answers which have been delayed so
(2) The non-contactee occupant reports, often made by persons
long that the writers have naturally become annoyed at what seemed
known 'in their localities as intelligent and reliable. Frequently, these
alleged "spaceship," and also refused to explain discrepancies in his
A semi-confidential Brazilian Colloquium on UFOs, reportedly
simple neglect.
supposed observers avoid publicity-whereas the typical "contactee"
claims of meeting space beings and flying with them.)
attended by official military and intelligence personnel, has promulgated
Several times, we have put most of the staff to work on answering
seeks it via newspapers, lectures and TV and radio programs.
As a result of our steadily accumulating occupant reports, and
a resolution that declares UFOs to be of extraterrestrial origin.
mail, in turn causing important projects to be delayed.
investigating wherever possible, we have acquired enough data for review
Led by the president of the Brazilian Institute of Astronautics and
The only practical answer is, of course, a large enough staff to keep
by the new scientific panel. The members include psychologists,
Space Sciences, the Colloquium resolved that "a critical, scientific study
up with all the mail. We always hope this will come about, and if our
CASES FOR EVALUATION
anthropologists, aerospace authorities, astronomers, physicists, and other
over a period of nearly twenty years allows us to come to the
application for tax-exempt status is granted we should have a sizable
scientists. The panel's evaluations will be confidential, and we have
conclusion that flying saucers exist (and) are extraterrestrial objects."
increase in income, enough for a moderate staff increase.
In earlier years, even a hint of evaluating occupant reports seriously
promised not to name members or quote them individually without their
Noting that the UFO phenomenon is global in nature and inexplicable
Meantime, starting with the next issue, we are trying out a
was likely to bring ridicule, because the press and the public often
approval. We expect, however, that many of them will agree to be
by current scientific standards, the Brazilian group recommended that
question-and-answer column. We shall reply to as many questions as
lumped even a simple encounter report with the wildest "contactee"
quoted, at least jointly, in reporting the panel's conclusions.
the scientific community and the public give it increased attention.
space permits, selecting those which we think will have the widest
claims.
The new scientific panel may not be able to prove that certain reports
Government representatives at the Colloquium said there will be a
interest and appeal.
In spite of this, NICAP has regularly examined both types of reports,
are valid-nor to disprove completely other reports. But we believe it will
constant exchange of information between private researchers and
We shall continue to work on the backlog; meanwhile, we sincerely
some in full detail such as the George Adamski stories (although Adamski
be able to decide the probabilities and guide us in our future
official agencies.
appreciate your patience and understanding.
refused to let NICAP photographic advisers examine the negatives of his
investigations of the steadily increasing occupant reports.
National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena
THE UFO EVIDENCE, Vol. I
1536 Connecticut Avenue
Washington, D.C. 20036
El
This is one of the few standard reference works on UFOs. Bringing together data on all basic facets
of the subject, this book covers sightings throughout the world from the early 1900s to 1964. Pre-
sented are detailed reports from pilots, policemen, scientists, engineers, and many other witnesses,
Zip Code
plus special material on photographs, radar sightings, physical and physiological effects, EM inter-
ference cases, sightings involving sound, and other elements of the UFO phenomenon. Also discussed
are: patterns, Congressional interest, the Air Force program, scientific questions, and UFO history.
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National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena
1536 Connecticut Avenue
Washington, D.C. 20036
UFOs: A NEW LOOK
NICAP are extraterrestrial presents: A special report on close-range UFO sightings that support the hypothesis
NL
mal reactions-UF0s: electromagnetic effects, physiological reactions, vehicle pacings, physical as structural ani- fea-
tures, devices. Emphasizing cases of unusually good detail-such that UFOs
cluded A New Look covers selected sightings in the United States, 1964-68. traces, and
its historic are excerpts UFO from testimony given before the House Science and Astronautics Committee Also in-
Symposium of July 29, 1968-plus a section of sighting sketches by eye-witnesses. during
U.S. 3.00
PHOTOCOPY FROM GERALD FORD I BRARY
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1536 Connecticut Avenue
Washington, D.C. 20056
Now available, after years of official concealment-13 U.S. Air Force documents on UFOs, with case
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histories, charte, and special material. Classified until the 1960s, these documents were secured
for publication by NICAP with the help of the Congressional "Freedom of Information" Subcommittee.
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They include sighting reports from pilots, radar technicians, scientists, military personnel, and
other important witnesses. Also described are behind-the-scenes investigations by the Air Force--
including investigations made during the unprecedented, and still unequaled, 1952 sighting "flap".
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Page 8
UFO INVESTIGATOR
THE
Ludicrous Errors In Klass Book
electrified dust particles, under no matter what freak conditions,
could continue, despite wind or air currents, to give such an im-
U.F.O.
To the would-be explainer of UFOs, nothing is SO useful as a rare
pression, with never the slightest change of configuration to indi-
Investigator
natural phenomenon, little studied or imperfectly understood, to
cate that it was really nothing but a dust cloud-is merely absurd.
which he can attribute an endless variety of normal or freakish
Klass's interpretation of the Socorro, N.M. sighting (one of the
three that he discusses in detail) is of considerable interest to
behavior comparable (in his opinion) to that of UFOs.
In UFOs-Identified, Philip J. Klass, Aviation Week magazine
illustrate his method. Here he concludes that the egg-shaped
FACTS ABOUT UNIDENTIFIED FLYING OBJECTS
editor, exploits such phenomena to argue for his "plasma-UFOs"
craft seen by Zamora was a "freak flying plasmas" that dropped
from the scattered clouds that were over Socorro that day, or was
Published by the National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena
theory, which he developed with injudicious speed read-
ing Incident at Exeter, by John Fuller. Fuller reported a number
triggered by corona discharge from the power line a mile away;
of UFOs were sighted near high-voltage lines. To Klass this was
that the two small figures seen beside the object were "moving
Vol. IV, No. 6
May-June, 1968
the clue and he was off like an alert bloodhound, via ball lightning
wisps of whitish plasma"; and that the reported legs of the object
and corona discharges, to claim that most UFOs can be explained
were the dark branches of bushes in the gully. As for the landing-
as highly ionized gases, or as one of their "distant cousins."
gear imprints, Klass speculates that the marks might have been
NICAP BREAKS WITH COLORADO PROJECT
Numerous serious defects in this theory have been pointed out
caused if the plasma, with its stored electrical energy, had "shot
out four miniature lightning bolts."
by Dr. James McDonald, senior atmospheric physicist at the Uni-
versity of Arizona; in a careful analysis before scientists at a
New Evaluation-System, Expanded Network, To Offset Project Failure
Muddled Thinking
Montreal meeting he demolished most of the Klass theories. Below
After a long struggle to insure a full, objective investigation, NICAP has severed all relations with the University of Colorado UFO
A particularly disturbing feature of this book consists of the
are some of his major criticisms.
Project, which was financed by the Air Force. This followed a warning to project heads after a partial break in September, 1967, when
Klass says a plasmoid will trail an airplane if the latter has
author's use of what McDonald describes as "argumentation by
NICAP ceased transmitting UFO reports.
acquired, from snow, rain or dust particles, a charge opposite to
concatenation." Noticing some vague relation between concept A
To aid project scientists still trying for a fully impartial approach, this semi-break was not made public. As a further aid, NICAP
and concept B, Klass next goes on to observe another remote
that of the plasmoid. Analyzing this with applicable formulae,
subcommittees were instructed to continue helping project field teams in the hope that some new, indisputable evidence might cause a
McDonald demonstrated that the Coulomb attraction cited by Klass
relation between B and C. Then C may have something or other
change in general policies.
would not draw the plasmoid behind the plane "even at the pace of
in common with D-and soon Klass is asserting that A and D are
In the contract signed in 1966, the AF and the University of Colorado promised an objective, scientific investigation. NICAP was
related. After tracing out several such tenuous chains of reason-
a very slow walk." He also disproved the Klass explanation of
listed as a source of information-the only private UFO organization named in the contract-and our full cooperation was requested by
ing, McDonald comments, "If in approaching problems of meteo-
why jets fail to overtake UFOs-that the plasmoid and the plane
Dr. E. U. Condon, project head, and Coordinator Robert J. Low.
rology and geophysics, scientists customarily employed that kind
carried opposite charges and therefore repelled each other.
To have refused, because of our doubts of an AF-financed study, would have put NICAP in a bad light. We would have been sharply
of concatenative logic, so casually ignored scale considerations,
criticized, first by skeptics claiming we had no real evidence to submit, and second by many citizens (including NICAP members who
Mirror-Image Error
and rested everything on verbal arguments almost wholly devoid
believed the Colorado project would reveal all known facts and reach important conclusions.
of quantitative considerations, they could easily show that vol-
Despite our misgivings, we pledged our assistance. After working with most of the project staff, we began to hope for a majerity-
As McDonald points out, Klass often shows an astonishing failure
canoes are related to hurricanes and earthquakes to blizzards."
controlled impartial study-a hope shared by many of the Congress, the press and the public. Unfortunately, this hope steadily dwindled.
to understand scientific principles. To explain reports of UFOs
Argument by juxtaposition is another device-the specious as-
Its final deathblow was the firing of two top scientists, and the resultant resignation of the administrative secretary.
causing failure of car ignition, he mistakenly uses the scientific
sembly of what may appear to the readera clever series of related
To offset the project's failure, NICAP is greatly expanding its investigation-evaluation system. New subcommittees and special
term "mirror image" to create a mirror image of a plasma inside
deductions. Equally unpalatable is the use of argument by innuendo,
investigators will be added. Steps have been taken to speed transmission of UFO reports to headquarters. We are starting an entirely
the hood of a car. In McDonald's words, this is a "a puzzling
as when failure of a correspondent to reply to the author's letters
new and greatly enlarged evaluations plan to make full use of the knowledge and experience of our numerous scientific and technical
erroneous misconception to be held by an electrical engineer."
is mentioned as if it had something to do with the validity of the
advisers. We intend to do all that the Colorado Project was supposed to do. This will be a big job-the biggest we have ever had!- We
As elsewhere in the book, the author obviously does not know what
ask the help of all NICAP members in carrying out this vitally important new program.
sighting itself.
he is talking about.
Despite its sometimes uncritical reception in the press, this is
The inside story of the Colorado UFO Project broke on April
Among the questions were
Other errors cited by McDonald: Klass confuses "voltage" and
a superficial book, and its pretentions to scientific authority dis-
30, 1968, when NICAP and LOOK Magazine joined in disclosing the
queries about the reported lack
"voltage gradient." His description of how a gyroscope reacts to
solve upon inspection. Some very muddled thinking, and a great
developments behind Dr. Condon's firing of two project scientists.
of Condon investigations, the
external force is incorrect. His chapter on UFOs and radar does
deal of speculation, has gone into the construction of the plasma-
At a Washington press conference, NICAP revealed additional
evidence negative bias and the
not show a clear understanding of radar principles.
PHOTOG
UFO theory. The theory lacks anything resembling rigorous
facts it had known for months but had not made public in the hope
apparent disregard of most
In regard to the seemingly "inquisitive" UFOs attraction to
scientific proof, and the author's arguments are riddled with
that project difficulties could be straightened out. The following
NICAP-submitted cases. An-
moving or stationary objects on the ground, Klass stretches his
scientific misconceptions. Mr. Klass's claims to have explained
points were given the press by NICAP's director:
'theory' to the outer limits-creating the "charged pedestrian.
other vital query was whether
"most, if not all" of the strongest UFO reports are, as Dr.
1. In the AF-Colorado contract Dr. Condon was named as a
Dr. Condon and Low would agree
According to Klass, a person may acquire a "very light charge"
McDonald has demonstrated, simply absurd.
principal investigator. According to a statement to NICAP by
to detailed examinations of the
and if he encounters a low-altitude UFO he may find it drawn slowly
Coordinator Low, in October, 1967, Dr. Condon had not made a
verified evidence.
toward him or that it backs off as he approaches, depending on
single field investigation since the project began in November,
5. Both Dr. Condon and Low
whether the person and the plasmoid are carrying the same or
1966, nor did he plan any field investigations. At the same time
refused to answer the questions.
opposite charges. One would like to ask whether the charge on
the person can reverse itself twice during a sighting as Klass in-
Hynek Asks For Old Reports
Coordinator Low stated that Dr. Condon had never interviewed
The signed refusals are in
any of the known, responsible witnesses listed by NICAP at the
NICAP records.
dicates in one case. (pages 46-47.)
The 19th-century period of "airship" sightings has caught the
project's request, including many military and airline pilots,
6. Drs. David Saunders and
curiosity of Dr. J. Allen Hynek, long-time consultant to the Air
scientists, tower-operators, radar experts and other highly quali-
Norman Levine were fired by
The Stretched Theory
Force on UFOs. Hynek has issued a public appeal for all people
fied observers.
Condon on February 9, 1968, "for incompetence," he said in a
Klass seems so little aware of the basic weaknesses of his
who witnessed the strange cigar-shaped objects of the 1890s to
2. In 1966, Mr. Low proposed, in written suggestions to high
press release. According to the two scientists, they were dis-
theory that he insists on stretching it to cover a most astonishing
come forward and provide written reports in the interest of
Colorado University officials, that the project be made to appear-
charged for revealing Low's 1966 proposals.
range of UFO events, and on applying it to the strongest and most
historical and scientific research. The appeal comes as something
to the public-as totally objective, whereas it would actually be
Dr. Condon has stated he never knew of the Low proposals until
significant sightings. These, of course, are the daylight sightings
of a surprise, for these sightings have long been known to UFO
"conducted almost exclusively by nonbelievers, who, although they
early February, 1968. When he did learn of them he did not fire
of solid, structured objects with clearly defined edges, often with
researchers, and the Air Force has questioned their authenticity.
couldn't possibly prove a negative result, could and probably would
Low but the two scientists who, with others, had opposed Low's
unmistakable structural details-domes, fins, apertures, append-
The sightings began in November, 1896, on the West Coast and
add an impressive body of evidence that there is no reality to the
suggestions.
ages-seen by reliable observers, at close range, for prolonged
developed into a wave that swept across the U.S. during the fol-
observations."
One quick result of the NICAP-LOOK disclosures was a blast
periods. It is when he tackles cases in this category that Klass
lowing five months. For want of a better term, the press referred
Bulletin: Mr. Robert Low has been taken off the Colorado
from Congressman J. Edward Roush. Congressman Roush, already
must go far afield for his hypotheses: to dust devils which might
to the UFOs as "airships," for they displayed characteristics
Project. Full details, learned just before press time,
concerned about the UFO problem after examining NICAP evidence,
sometimes be able to detach themselves from the ground, to ice
that suggested an artificial device rather than a natural body and
on page 4.
asked for a Congressional investigation. (See page 4 for detailed
crystals forming "cold plasmas," to micro-tornadoes, to charged
they moved through the air with apparent control and purpose.
dust particles forming a silhouette, and the like.
3. NICAP made a partial, unpublicized break with the project
Colorado Project story.)
Lights were common on the objects, and they had a dirigible
Yet even granting, for the moment, that electrified dust par-
in September, 1967, after frequent press interviews and a lecture
shape but no dirigibles were then in operation.
ticles could assume the shape of a structured object, where are
to scientists indicated Dr. Condon was strongly biased, scoffing
Hynek asked that witnesses contact him at Northwestern Uni-
at UFO believers. In addition, NICAP was told by project mem-
Membership Drive Prize
we? What about those structural objects' details? Klass has an
versity, Evanston, Illinois.
answer of sorts:
bers that Condon and Low appeared headed for a negative conclu-
NICAP is launching an all-out membership drive, with a grand
"The amorphous nature of the plasma-UFO encourages the
sion, ignoring most of the powerful, documented evidence.
NICAP Assistant Director Gordon Lore has co-authored a book
prize for the largest number of new memberships secured, and
observer's mind to supply spurious details that his eyes do not
At this time NICAP ceased transmitting UFO reports but per-
on the historical aspects of UFOs. Entitled Mysteries the Skies;
other important prizes. Details on another page.
really see." Unfortunately for this glib dismissal of the prob-
mitted NICAP "Early Warning Net" members to keep on phoning
UFOs in Perspective, it's been published by Prentice-Hall, Inc.,
If your membership card bears the symbol IV-6 your member-
lem, the details in question are not in the least "amorphous."
local sighting reports to the project. Subcommittees also were
Englewood Cliffs, N.J., (see UFO Investigator, Vol. IV, No. 4,
ship expires with this issue. We shall appreciate it if you will
Furthermore, these objects hover, rise, move about, emit sound,
allowed to aid scientist field teams in checking certain cases.
page 6). The price is $5.95 and copies may be obtained directly
renew early, without waiting for a renewal notice. This will insure
and dart into the sky after being observed for periods of half an
4. Both Dr. Condon and Low urged NICAP to resume transmitting
from the publisher or from your localbookstore. The work treats
your receiving the July-August issue without a possible delay
hour or more. To maintain, as Klass does, that any cloud of
reports. The director sent them a list of questions, with a promise
from a last-minute renewal.
some of the "airship" reports in detail.
to resume if answers were satisfactory.
Please notify us promptly of any change of address.
Page 2
UFO INVESTIGATOR
UFO INVESTIGATOR
Page 3
FORMERLY SECRET AF REPORTS SECURED
THE UFO INVESTIGATOR
Twelve formerly secret AF project reports, including over 80
French General, Scientists, Report UFOs
Published by
documented sightings, have been obtained by NICA Pafter weeks of
The National Investigations Committee
work with the "Freedom of Information" (Moss) Committee of
In recent months, close approaches have dominated reports
Five nights later, another UFO encounter West-
on Aerial Phenomena
Congress. All the reports are stamped "SECRET" or "CON-
of UFOs, but several other cases by specially qualified observers
hill, Pa. The details were given to NICAP in a signed report by
1536 Connecticut Avenue, N. W.
FIDENTIAL," with warnings against divulging the contents, under
also have added important evidence.
Mr. Karl E. Will, a chemical engineer.
Washington, D. C. 20036
provisions of the Espionage Laws. Although the cases occurred
On the night of April 12, two UFOs were observed in the Wash-
Mr. and Mrs. Will had just left Westhill for their home in
in the early 50's, they form an important, little-known part of the
ington, D.C., area by two men, one a zoologist, the other an
Copyright, 1968, National Investigations Committee on Aerial
Carlisle, Pa., when they spotted a brilliant object approaching
UFO official records.
astronomer. In a signed report to NICAP, the first witness de-
Phenomena (NICAP) All rights reserved, except that upto
from the west.
These AF-UFO official Project Reports include verified jet
scribed the objects as dull orange globes. They appeared at
300 words may be quoted by daily and weekly newspapers,
"It was somewhat oval in shape, with a foreshortened tail
chases and other encounters with unknown flying objects. Wit-
11:40 p.m., he said, and moved swiftly across the sky, SSE to
news-wire services news broadcasters, provided
end," Mr. Will reported. "The rear of the object had a fin or
nesses include AF and Navy pilots, radar and air-base tower
NNW, disappearing in about five seconds.
is credited. No material may be reprinted by any book or
antenna tipped with a red light. The underside. sported two red
operators, CAA (now FAA) personnel. Atomic Energy Base ob-
An earlier report, recently received, confirmed an encounter
magazine publishers without written permission from
lights, one on either side and somewhat forward of the center."
servers, etc. In many cases, the AF admitted the objects were
by General Paul Stehlin, a top-level pilot in the French Air Force.
NICAP Editors: Maj. Donald E. Keyhoe, Director, and
As a jet aircraft flew in the vicinity of the UFO, he added, the
unexplained-though public statements indicated they were con-
On an afternoon in September, 1967, General Stehlin was piloting
Gordon I. R. Lore, Jr., Assistant Director.
object's red lights "seemed to dim near to extinction" but
ventional objects.
a plane over Villacoublay, a military airfield near Paris, when
Trademark "NICAP" Registered
brightened after the plane left the area.
he saw a silvery cigar-shaped object flying parallel to his aircraft.
"In the meantime," Will continued, "I had removed the spot-
SECRET
SECURITY
The UFO paced the general's plane for several minutes, then
light from the trunk of my auto and tried to signal the object by
INFORMATION
New Moon Findings
accelerated and rapidly went out of sight.
blinking the light. As soon as I did, the lights went out. I sighted
UNCLASSIFIED
Several 1968 reports describe EM (electromagnetic) inter-
the object no more."
ference effects from nearby UFOs. One case occurred on Jan. 2,
Scientists are no longer sure the moon is dead. Some are now
in Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada. About 4 p.m. Tom Banks and Errol
PHYSICAL-EFFECT REPORT
even prepared to say that it is an active body with a hot, volcanic
STATUS REPORT
Smyth were cruising in their snowmobiles when they spotted a
Possible physiological effects from UFOs have been reported
interior. Data from Surveyor VII, the last of America's soft-
pulsating orange-yellow UFO just over the treetops. Its radiance,
in increasing numbers. One example is described in a signed
landing lunar probes, indicates that at least some of the moon's
they said, was brighter than the sun. Banks reported that his
NICAP report by Nicholas Sgouris of Syracuse, N. Y.
mountains are made of the kind of granite rock that is common on
snowmobile stopped and he felt an unusual heat-both effects
At 6:15 p.m. on March 4, Sgouris was driving outside of Syca-
Earth, rock that is known to result from violent, high-temperature
supposedly from the UFO. The strange object quickly disappeared,
cuse when he saw a solid object "with flashing multicolored
processes within our planet. If the lunar highlands were formed by
PROJECT BLUE BOOK REPORT NO. 7
after which the snowmobile functioned normally.
lights" which were steadily blinking. Its altitude was about 200
such processes, the probability arises that the origins of the
feet.
Earth and moon may be more closely linked than has been
FORMERLY PROJECT GRUDGE
TV INTERFERENCE
"My car started running funny," the witness reported.
believed.
Shortly before midnight on Jan. 8, according to the Trenton
looked out the left window and saw an object approaching from-the
Surveyor VII landed in an area unlike that where previous
Times, an orange-red, bowl-shaped object was sighted at Jackson,
left. It passed over (the) highway in front of me
Surveyors touched down. The site was mountainous, whereas the
N. J. The witnesses were Mr. and Mrs. Robert LeChance and
Sgouris said his car slowed almost to a stop after he had
earlier locations were plainlands (maria). Scientists assigned to
a neighbor, Mrs. Gertrude Gifford.
sighted the object and that he experienced a "funny feeling' and
the Surveyor program did not expect to find anything in the
PROJECT NO. 10073
Just prior to spotting the object, LeChance said, the colors in
couldn't move until the UFO headed away.
mountains that was substantially different from what had been
31 MAY 1952
his TV picture faded out. Mrs. Gifford reported that her TV set
Another Syracuse sighting was reported on March 8 by three
found on the maria, but Surveyor VII's camera disclosed an
"went out completely, and my lights dimmed. It (the UFO)
citizens. The UFO at first appeared to be ball-shaped, but as
inordinate amount of rocks. According to Dr. Eugene Shoemaker,
went down behind tree line, then came up and went down again.
AIR TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE CENTER
changed position it was seen to be a large disc with a domed telp.
the geologist who interprets Surveyor's photographs, "There
WRIGHT-PATTERSON AIR FORCE BASE
until it finally disappeared." She told police she was badly
Other logged reports, with few details: March 27, 77 miles east
were many small pebbles and a greater variety of rocks, some of
DAYTON.OHIO
scared by the incident.
of Anchorage, Alaska, a large, silvery, rectangular object seer
which appeared coarse-grained and banded." One of the pebbles
An unusual wind effect was reported on Jan. 30 by a number of
11 witnesses; April 8, Toronto, Canada, a hovering object with a
was scooped up by the surface-sampling device on the spacecraft,
Venezuelans. The sighting was described by witnesses on the
ring of orange-red lights and three white beams which lit up the
and was subjected to chemical analysis by the on-board system
UNCLASSIFIED
Punto Solo ranch in the Palo Seco area. A spokesman for the
area; April 12, Cape Neddick, Maine, an oval domed object with a
designed for that purpose. The analysis led to the discovery of
COPY NO. 33
group, ranch-owner Prudencio Salzar, said a silvery object
cluster of red blinking lights and a pulsating white light in front.
the granite.
T52-11949
emitting red lights landed near a corral. As it took off, he said,
Despite the clues afforded by the presence of granite, the origin
INCLASSIFIED
it made a sound "and the trees around the site were shaken
SUBMERGING UFO CASE
of the moon remains uncertain. However, in light of the data from
violently by blasts of wind."
Since publishing "The Question of Submerging UFOs," (Vol.IV,
Surveyor, three theories appear most reasonable. As Dr. Shoe-
No. 5) we have received other reports of objects on or near bodies
maker explains, "Earth and moon formed within 200 million
One of AF reports now available.
CLOSE APPROACH IN CANADA
of water. One case is described by Barry A. Nason, New Bruns-
years after the sun. The moon may have condensed from the same
The existence of these hidden early reports has been known to
A disturbing UFO sound was also linked with a sighting on
wick, Canada. Nason was fishing in rout Brook Lake when a small
patch of dust and gas as Earth, in which case they are sister
NICAP for years, but efforts to get them were fruitless. We knew
Feb. 19, near Bengough, Saskatchewan, Canada. The witness,
UFO, estimated three feet in diameter, hit the water about 15
planets. The moon may have condensed separately and been
there was a Blue Book Special Report 14, published in 1955. It
Mrs. Martha Heggs, said the sound was a high-pitched whining
yards away.
captured by Earth early in its history. Or the moon once may
seemed obvious there must be previous project reports, but AF
noise which caused "a tingling sensation throughout her body,"
"It was traveling in: spinning fashion," Nason said. "It sprayed
have been part of Earth and separated from it while the latter
Headquarters and project spokesmen denied this repeatedly.
according to a report submitted by NICAP member D. F. Clausen.
water seven or eight feet high. and made a terrible, loud
was still fluid. We are not going to find out which is correct until
After passage of the Freedom of Information" Act, new efforts
Looking out her window, Mrs. Heggs saw a clearly outlined
sound." Nason crouched, fearing the UFO might come his way.
we can get some men up there. We should get all the information
were made, and finally the Moss Committee succeeded in forcing
UFO. Its lower portion, she said, was like "two shallow plates
The object then left the water and went into a clump of bushes,
needed on the maria in two flights. By the third trip, I hope we
the AF to cease withholding the reports. It developed that Project
placed lip to lip." It also had an "inverted bowl" superstructure
making "an awful commotion." It then flewback ove the lake and
can land in the highlands."
Blue Book had stamped the reports "Unclassified" in 1960, which
and a smaller, dome-like structure on top of this. An aerial-like
submerged at one edge. Nason said he saw a big cloud of steam
permitted them to state UFO sightings were not classified. Ac-
section supporting a small sphere could be seen at the extreme
and heard a gurgling sound. For some time afterward, he stated,
Another Surveyor scientist has also made a discovery that
tually these official records were made available for nearly
top. Around the superstructure, Mrs. Heggs reported, were six or
the water was covered with small waves.
supports the revised context in which the moon is presently
eight years, and only after Moss Committee pressure.
seven arch-shaped ports, and she could see what looked like
A second 1967 Canadian case, investigated by NICAP member
being considered. Dr. Jack Green, aerospace specialist at
The 12 AF Project reports have been combined for printing by
riveted seams around the lower part.
D. F. Clausen, involved a close approach to a school bus. The
McDonnell Douglas Corp., and consultant the Surveyor program,
NICAP. The publication will contain approximately 200 pagesand
The UFO was first seen circling "about one foot" above a
report was made by Mrs. Evelyn Brown, the driver. On June 1,
has detected areas on the lunar surface that may contain life-
will be 8-1/2 by 11 inches in size, the same as Vol. 1 of "The
35-foot power pole mounting a transformer. It circled the pole
1967, Mrs. Brown was headed toward Shauvavon, Saskatchewan,
bearing moisture. Using a special telescope to study the crater
UFO Evidence."
to the left four times, then moved over the witness' farmyard,
when she glimpsed a strange object over her left shoulder. She
Aristarchus, Green has found dark sections that suggest the
Though it was merely proposed in the preceding issue, the pub-
descending to "three feet off the ground" and hovering for about
stopped the bus and the UFO also stopped, hovering for several
presence of sulphur, an element that on Earth is associated with
lication has been ordered by about 175 members, and we are now
five minutes, "directly in front of three wrecked cars." It
seconds. It was a round device, with a "dull aluminum" appear-
water-containing minerals. If the relationship between sulphur and
accepting definite orders, at $5.00, mailed at book-rate. For
ascended to about 20 feet circled four storage bins. The object
ance. Above the main body she said, was a superstructure with
hydrous rocks holds true on the moon, reports Green, there may
quicker delivery, you may add $1.00 for first-class mailing.
then moved northeast over three morebins and circled two nearby
portholes and atop this was a "glass-like" dome.
be relatively warm, moist places near craters, where small
tractors and continued onward seemingly to survey two parked
After about 15 seconds, the UFO lifted, passed over the bus, then
organisms might live, Terrestrial bacteria, for example, are
trucks, two elevated fuel storage tanks and an electric water
hovered again, to the right of the vehicle, finally moving to a
known to survive in such environments as hot springs.
pump. It then headed toward some trees, leaving the farmyard.
position "dead ahead."
Green agrees with the new findings from Surveyor regarding
similar nonvolcanic events. He foresees craters as useful sites
Mrs. Heggs reported that, during the sighting, her "dog was
"At this moment Mrs. Brown turned on the headlights," Mr.
the possible volcanic activity beneath the moon's exterior. He is
for manned bases, because if there are hydrous minerals nearby,
cowering, lying on the snow and trying to cover its ears with its
Clausen reports. "The object stopped immediately. She then
persuaded that protrusions such as craters were probably formed
as his observations indicate, the rocks could be processed to
front feet.' Her cattle also reportedly "took flight when she first
switched the headlights off and nthree or four times. The 'object'
by subsurface processes rather than by the impact of meteors or
yield their water for use by the astronauts.
saw the object running into their sheds. They did not emerge
rocked three or four times. stopped rocking, hovered for about
until after the UFO had left the area.
two seconds, then rose very fast, straight up out of sight."
Page 4
UFO INVESTIGATOR
UFO INVESTIGATOR
Page 5
THE INSIDE STORY OF THE COLORADO PROJECT
outcasts
admitting such possibilities
puts
us
beyond
the
According to the Denver Post, May 2, 1968, Roush told its
pale, and we would lose more in prestige in the scientific com-
Washington Bureau that the Colorado probe was an AF "trick"
munity than we could possibly gain by undertaking the investiga-
rigged from the start with the conclusion reached before the in-
When plans for the Colorado Project first became known to
When we saw the press story we phoned Dr. Saunders and an-
tion
vestigation had even begun.
NICAP, before the 1966 contract signing, several Board Members,
nounced we were breaking off. He asked us to wait, then went to
Under the heading "Comments," Low made his personal pro-
Weeks before this, NICAP had realized the project's failure
advisers and also the director were extremely skeptical. It
Condon and told him the project could not go on without NICAP's
posal:
could be misconstrued, causing many people to think all UFO
appeared this might be mainly an attempt to take the heat off the
help. After a discussion with Saunders and other scientists, Dr.
"Our study would be conducted almost exclusively by non-
investigations had ended. Even the AF, awaiting the Condon report,
AF after the backfire of their incredible "marsh gas" story-a
Condon apologized to NICAP by phone, said he was badly mis-
believers, who, although they couldn't possibly prove a negative
had made little pretense of checking UFO reports.
hasty UFO sighting explanation which brought nationwide ridicule
quoted, and urged us to continue our "valuable cooperation."
result, could and probably would add an impressive body of evi-
To fill the void, and quickly, two alternate NICAP plans were
and rejection.
The director told him we were taking a serious risk, that NICAP
dence that there is no reality to the observations. The trick would
worked out.
After discussions with Dr. Condon, Mr. Low and project
could be called blind or stupid to help a biased project. Condon
be, I think, to describe the project so that, to the public, it would
On April 30, NICAP wrote President Johnson, enclosing the Low
scientists, we promised to cooperate-with a frank warning that
denied any bias. After 30 minutes of blunt discussion, Dr. Condon
appear a totally objective study, but, to the scientific community,
proposals and other evidence and urging that he create a new,
this would depend entirely on the project's impartiality. Dr.
said he would not make any more speeches or public statements
would present the image of a group of nonbelievers trying their
absolutely unbiased UFO Commission to replace the wrecked
Condon and Mr. Low fully agreed.
on UFOs. He agreed to put this in writing.
best to be objective but having an almost zero expectation of find-
project-a commission completely independent of any military or
For weeks before the official start on November 1, we briefed
For a man as determined as Condon, this was a major conces-
ing a saucer. One way to do this would be to stress investigation,
civilian Government agency. As one safeguard for a truly impartial
project members and helped plan the investigation. Most of the
sion. It seemed temporarily at least, there might still be hope
not of the physical phenomena, but rather the people who do the
evaluation we suggested that all important decisions be by majority
group-men like Dr. David Saunders, an experienced psychologist,
for full-scale evaluations.
observing-the psychology and sociology of persons and groups
vote. We also suggested that the Commission members, selected
later head of the computer section-seemed to take the problem
For several months, this uneasy truce continued. Then early in
who report seeing UFOs
by the President, be recognized authorities on astronomy, aero-
seriously.
September it ended.
Even though we were partly prepared, this was a shock. Our
space operations, electronics and other fields related to UFO in-
On October 4, 1966, the University of Colorado gave the AF a
In a speech before scientists at an Atomic Spectroscopy Sym-
first impulse was to show Low's proposals to the press and
vestigations-scientists of high stature, convinced that the UFO
detailed proposal, No. 66.1.253, which was incorporated into the
posium, Dr. Condon concentrated on humorous contactee stories.
announce a complete break with the project. But the memo, though
situation is serious enough to require total evaluation of all reports
contract as the basic policy. The main points, confirmed by a
According to one of the audience, Dr. WilliamS. Bickel, a Univer-
not marked restricted by Low, had been shown to us confidentially
by responsible observers.
photo-copy of the contract, included these provisions:
sity of Arizona scientist, the talk was funny-but devoid of any
and we were asked to wait for a final showdown between Condon
"The work will be conducted under conditions of the strictest
hint of a serious problem, or a serious investigation. To Dr.
and project scientists.
ANSWER FROM THE AIR FORCE
objectivity by investigators who, as carefully as can be determined,
Bickel and others present, it seemed likely the Project report
On Dec. 12, 1967, a copy of the memo was given to Dr. James E.
have no predilections or preconceived positions on the UFO ques-
McDonald, senior atmospheric physicist at the University of
Whether the President was shown the evidence, or his AF
would be in the same vein.
tion. This is essential if the public, the Congress, the Executive
Arizona, who for some 18 months had been intensively investigat-
took over, is not known. Regardless, the answer came from the
and the scientific community are to have confidence in the study."
THE FIRST BREAK
ing UFOs, under a university grant. McDonald, shocked we had
Office of the Secretary of the AF, signed by Col. B. M. Ettenson
A quick NICAP call to a project member brought more bad news,
been, urged Saunders and Levine to let him tell Low he had the
Without the slightest mention of the bias evidence, Ettenson wrot
"I GUESS I'M AN AGNOSTIC"
Against protests by most of the scientists, a search for negative
memo. It was his belief that Lowand Condon would be badly upset
"Dear Major Keyhoe:
The first jolt came on October 8, after the contract was signed.
evidence was now being emphasized.
and would quickly change the project policies. To insure this,
"President Johnson has asked that I reply to your recent letter
The New York Times, the Denver Post and other papers ran stories
Within ten minutes we gave the project official notice: Trans-
McDonald also asked permission to inform the National Academy
regarding allegations pertaining to the Air Force contract with
quoting Condon:
mission of NICAP's UFO reports was ended.
of Sciences-which was to review the project's report.
University of Colorado for the investigation of unidentified flying
"I guess I'm an agnostic it is highly improbable they
This action, we learned later, had a stronger impact than we
objects.
(UFOs) exist the view that many UFO sightings are hallu-
expected-almost a shock effect. One suggested possible reason
"The Air Force awarded the unidentified flying object contra
FURY OF THE SCIENTISTS
cinatory will be a subject of our investigation, to discover
concerned the university's request for more AF funds-over
to the University of Colorado in October, 1966, convinced that
what it is that makes people think they see things." On October 9,
$200,000 to extend the investigation. Examination of important
The scientists' group finally agreed, but the results were dis-
impartial, open-minded, independent and objective scientific report
in the Denver Post, Condon was quoted as hoping "to learn why
UFO information from NICAP was cited in this request.
astrous. Condon and Low were furious. It was reported later that
would be forthcoming and we expect that Dr. Condon will fulfill
astronomers, satellite trackers, FAA radar operators, etc., don't
Whatever the reason, Dr. Condon sent Low to Washington to
Condon fiercely denounced Saunders and said he should be pro-
the terms of the agreement.
report
UFOs
(NICAP: Many such reports are official rec-
urge that we reconsider. During a somewhat tense session with
fessionally destroyed. Dr. Levine received similar harsh treat-
Since the report was not completed, Ettenson said the AF would
"early reports are so old and vague they are no good."
the director and Assistant Director Gordon Lore, Low admitted
ment. Both were fired the next day charged with "incompetence."
not comment further.
ords.)
On October 9, the Post also quoted Low as saying the UFO
the split in the project and Condon's "present" disbelief in UFOs,
The administrative secretary, Mrs. Mary Lou Armstrong,
About this time, Coordinator Low was taken off the project
project came close to being unacceptable, but "when you're asked
which he said might still be changed by good evidence. He was
courageously defended the scientists and told Condon the project
Low had been assigned to write the final report, a job that would
to do something, you don't say no-not to the Air Force." Next
reminded they already had many strong NICAP cases. Low ex-
had been "gravely misdirected." Condon told her to put her
take all summer according to official statements. But he was
day, after defending Low, Dr. Condon said, again in the Post:
plained they needed the rest of our reports SO they could not be
complaints in writing. When she did, he demanded she keep the
suddenly transferred to other duties, with a claim that his project
95% of the UFO reports are relatively easily identified
accused of reaching a verdict without all of NICAP's evidence.
letter confidential. Ina stormy session she refused, then resigned.
work was done.
as
well-known natural phenomena (which) indicates an
Before we could resume, Low was told, he and Condon would
Following this, Condon wrote Dr. McDonald and demanded he
To some, it appeared the university was "running scared" and
appalling lack of public understanding
have to give satisfactory written answers to some important
return the copy of Low's proposals, calling the memo "stolen
might even try to revamp the project to avoid further criticism.
During a phone call from NICAP's director, Mr. Low said he
questions. Low said he would try to persuade Condon to reply.
papers." McDonald refused, on the basis of an earlier Low state-
But this faint hope ended when a Low replacement named Gilmore
and Condon were incorrectly quoted, that Condon was an honest
Most of the questions sent to Condon and Low concerned guaran-
ment that project records should be in open files, none of them
was named. It was announced he would live with the Condons while
agnostic, willing to be convinced by true evidence-suchas NICAP
tees that all NICAP-submitted cases would be fully investigated,
classified.
doing "editorial work" on the report. His UFO knowledge, if any,
had already outlined. NICAP delayed its intended break pending
that Dr. Condon would personally examine these cases, would make
About this time, author John Fuller approached Levine and
was not mentioned.
word from Condon. In a November 8 letter, Dr. Condon again
field investigations and interview witnesses in major cases.
Saunders in regard to an article for LOOK to give the matter
It is not impossible that Condon could be persuaded to change
pledged an objective study, listing these ground rules:
Condon also was asked if he considered all the reporting pilots,
nationwide publicity. NICAP agreed to delay its UFO Investigator
course, admit the existence of unexplained reports from highly-
The main guide would be "whatever appears to us
most
scientists, tower operators, radar experts, etc., to be deluded,
story, provided our part in the struggle was fully covered and a
qualified observers, and recommend an enlarged investigation.
clearly to serve the national interest.' Existing facts, sighting
incompetent or hoaxers.
NICAP box statement was included.
But those of us who worked with the project expect a completely
reports would be as fully tested as possible
These guidelines
negative report, rejecting all verified evidence, ridiculing veteran
are required by the very process of research. No proper investi-
QUESTIONS REJECTED
pilots, scientists, and other responsible witnesses-and changing
CONGRESSIONAL CONCERN
gator would approach his work otherwise."
In replying, Condon and Low refused to answer these key ques-
from high praise of NICAP to a bitter attack.
tions, but both praised NICAP highly. Condon: "We deeply appre-
At our Washington press conference, the day LOOK came out,
However, several explosive developments are due to become
THE DECISION
ciate the (NICAP) cooperation
the
help
you
have
given
us
so
we stated we did not accuse Condon Low of dishonesty. Strange
known, and a negative Condon report is certainto ignite the worst
After a long conference at the University of Colorado, NICAP
far has been of great importance
Low: "NICAP's assistance
as it might seem, both appeared to believe their approach was
UFO controversy ever. Instead of being a disaster, the Colorado
decided the number of unbiased scientists, evaluating the massive
has
been
invaluable
Your files, because of the high caliber of
correct and fully justified since they were convinced (from lack
fiasco will turn out to be a badly-needed jolt, setting off powerful
factual evidence and making field checks, might reverse nega-
the field investigations NICAP has conducted, are of very good
of examining the massive evidence) that UFO reports were non-
actions which cannot be stopped.
tive approach-or at least offset any biased conclusions with a
quality
Our working relationships
have
been
excellent
sense. NICAP strongly rejected such an approach as improper
strong majority dissent.
It would be a great pity if they were terminated
Dr. Condon
for the heads of an announced "objective" study.
On this basis, NICAP told its subcommittees to aid project
has said to you that our study is being done objectively. It is."
General public reactions to the disclosures ranged from shock
NEW OPPORTUNITY
field teams; we submitted several hundred representative reports,
Because of the evadedquestions, NICA ban remained in effect.
and indignation to an increased disgust by those who have never
But NICAP does not intend to wait for the Condon report-or the
including many-but by no means all-of our strong, hard-core
About one month later, a far different Low statement was given
believed in the project. Some broadcasts quoted NICAP and
backfire.
cases.
to the director by a project member. Dated August 9, 1966, ad-
LOOK without comment. Some stations, like KLAC, Los Angeles,
THIS IS OUR BIG CHANCE.
Early in '67, we learned from some project members that they
dressed to University officials E. James Arthur and Thurston E.
blasted the project. In Congress, Reps. EdwardRoush (D. Ind.),
To offset the Colorado Project's failure, we have already started
were thoroughly testing the extraterrestrial hypothesis, using the
Manning (U. of C. vice president), it summed up some officials'
Jack Brotzman, (R. Colo.) and others demanded a Congressional
a new nationwide operations plan. The key points:
strongest evidence. But our cautious optimism was soon jolted
views:
investigation. Roush, a member of the House Science and Astro-
1. A greatly enlarged reporting network, with a speed-up of
again.
"In order to undertake such a project, one has to approach it
nautics Committee, asked the AF Secretary to look into the pub-
factual information to NICAP headquarters.
On January 25, Dr. Condon made a speech at Corning, N.Y.
objectively. That is, one has to admit the possibility that such
lished charges. Also, as a member of the Government Operations
2. An expanded evaluation system involving more than 20 times
Press reports indicated he had already decided on a negative
things (UFOs) exist. It is not respectable to give serious con-
Committee, which delves into claims of misuse of Federal funds,
as many scientists and engineers as the Colorado Project had at
report.
sideration to such a possibility. Believers, in other words, remain
Roush asked the Comptroller General to investigate.
its peak. (Full details on next page.)
Page 6
UFO INVESTIGATOR
UFO INVESTIGATOR
Page 7
NICAP EXPANDS INVESTIGATIONS-
The results will be far-reaching. Many more significant reports
NICAP MEMBERSHIP CONTEST
not submit stamps, coins, or foreign money.
will be submitted when observers can expect a serious and truly
6. Please make all checks and money orders payable to NICAP.
scientific evaluation. Members will receive not only more inter-
7. The judges of the contest will be the members of NICAP's
EVALUATION SYSTEM
esting information, on important cases, but also scientific dis-
As announced on the first page, NICAP is launching, with this
Executive Staff, and their decisions will be final. Correspondence
cussions of various angles and theories.
issue of the UFO Investigator, a special membership contest to
cannot be entered into with individual contestants about their
All this is bound to have a powerful impact, when these evalua-
allow us to serve our members better and to obtain the financial
entries, unless NICAP considers it necessary.
The expansion of NICAP operations, now underway, has two
tions reach Congress, the press and the public. They will greatly
backing to expand our scientific operations. NICAP members have
8. Winners will be notified individually by mail, and their names
major goals:
offset the fraudulent claims and hoaxes which have caused ridicule,
long worked on an informal basis to help secure new members,
will be announced in the September/October, 1968, issue of the
1. The largest UFO reporting and investigating network in the
hampered serious investigations, and aided the official and self-
but now, for the first time in our history, we are conducting an
UFO Investigator. This will be the only official announcement,
world. (We already have the largest unofficial network.)
appointed debunkers.
all-out organized effort to encourage fresh interest and support
and no other lists will be offered or sent out.
2. A redesigned evaluations system with more than 20 times the
To get this job started, wehave temporarily reduced other work
and to build our membership. We have selecteda number of prizes
number of scientists and engineers in the Colorado Project at its
until we can get extra help. We will need real support to carry
we believe will have special appeal for members and supporters
NETWORK TO REPORT SIGHTINGS
peak. (The ratio is already eleven to one.)
out this vitally important program.
of NICAP. To aid you in entering the contest, a special form is
New aid in evaluating and investigating UFO reports has been
enclosed with this issue.
A nationwide UFO reporting network, composed of amateur
But it will NOT take any half-million dollars, such as was given
offered NICAP by scientists, engineers, and various technical
to the Colorado Project. (As an ironic sidelight, one former
First Prize-awarded to the person who submits the highest
radio operators, is being organized by Wayne Green, veteran
specialists seriously disturbed by the Colorado Project failure.
Project member was quoted as saying it became embarrassing
number of orders for new memberships and/or renewals-will
"ham" operator and publisher of "73 Magazine." NICAP has
The NICAP reporting-investigating network will be enlarged to
include: 1) An original color painting approximately 18" ,by
offered full cooperation and is asking all its "ham" members to
sitting around and trying to think how to spend the money.)
include at least one Subcommittee in each of the 50 states, with
NICAP artist Ted Thoben, of a major UFO sighting, as selected
communicate with Mr. Green and help speed up the operation.
There may be a better chance of securing a research grant from
several such units in the more densely populatedareas (Present
a foundation when our enlarged scientific operations are well
by the winner; 2) A ten-year NICAP membership; and 3) Three
Mr. Green has agreed to relay all network-reported sightings to
U.S. Subcommittees number 35.)
underway. But before then we will need your help-and the help
autographed NICAP publications.
NICAP, and to help in alerting our Subcommittees in the areas
To improve the evaluations system, scientists and engineerso
of non-members who see the need for this NICAP drive.
Second Prize-awarded to the person securing the second highest
concerned, SO that prompt investigations can be made.
number of new memberships and/or include: 1) An
If fully carried out, this UFO network system will fill a long-
the Panel of Advisers and Subcommittees are being grouped ac-
One way you can help speed this program is to secure new
cording to their specialties, to insure maximum evaluation of any
members for NICAP. For the first time in our history, we are
autographed copy of one of the UFO books by NICAP's Director,
recognized need. In our earlier years, we tried to set up such a
Major Donald Keyhoe; 2) A color photographic enlargement of one
system, but there was not sufficient interest. With today's wide
aspect of UFO evidence.
launching a full-scale membership drive, with prizes which we
New offers for the use of laboratories have been received, mak-
hope you will find a worthwhile incentive. Details are given on
of the paintings specially prepared for NICAP by Ted Thoben; 3)
interest in UFOs, the plan should succeed.
ing possible added photo analyses, evaluation of soil samples
the opposite page.
A five-year NICAP membership; and 4) Two NICAP publications.
There are some 265,000 licensed radio amateurs in the
In previous years, unavoidable delays in publishing the UFO
Third Prize-awarded to the person submitting the third largest
plus more than a million users of mobile radios in taxis, polic
reportedly linked with UFO landings, etc.
number of memberships and/or renewals-will include: 1) A
cars, trucks, Civil Air Patrol and other vehicles. With all these
Typical of the comments triggered by the LOOK disclosures was
Investigator caused many members to hesitate in urging friends
this statement by a university atmospheric physicist:
to join. Though some may not realize it, we have been on schedule
color-photograph enlargement of one of TedThoben's special UFO
available sources, a UFO reporting system could be set updo
paintings; 2) A three-year NICAP membership; and 3) One NICAP
blanket the country.
"I was shocked and dismayed at the attitudes displayed
since the end of 1967. The preceding number was accidentally
This scientist, who salsoa pilot, offered fu assistance to NICAP,
called the March issue, instead of "March-April," but the present
publication.
Mr. Green has outlined his network plan.
along with two other scientists at the university.
issue makes the third in 1968, and three more will be published
As added incentive, NICAP offers special prizes to individuals
"If we were to establish a net frequency on 80, 40 and
Another offer came from a computer analyst and programmer,
making substantial contributions to the contest but failing to win
meters for UFO reporting we couldarrange for a single tone to
in '68. The July-August number is scheduled for the first part of
with detailed suggestions for computer analysis of UFO reports
August-possibly sooner if important developments require it.
any of the three main prizes. These special prizes are: Any con-
transmitted, when an alert came along, which would turn on
and promise of help in setting up such a program.
We expect the coming issues to contain increasingly interesting
testant who submits five to nine orders for membership will
of the loudspeakers of participating stations. Thus all of us could
news. We are also making strong efforts to secure important
receive a free one-year NICAP membership (or renewal, if the
have a receiver set up on a net channel all the time, running
NICAP Subcommittees whenever possible have included at least
one professional scientist, such as an astronomer or a physicist.
contestant is already a member). Any contestant who submits ten
silently. Amateurs in every community. .could ask their local
sighting reports we know are being withheld by airline pilots and
Other existing subcommittee members include aerospace engi-
other responsible observers not under official orders.
or more membership orders will receive a free one-year NICAP
police, Civil Defense, etc., to call them immediately if any sight
neers, pilots, meteorologists, radar experts, photographers,
We ask every member to make the utmost effort to build up
membership (or renewal) plus a color photograph of one of the
ings are reported.
former Intelligence officers and other trained analyists, and other
NICAP membership-not only to finance our expanded operations
Ted Thoben paintings.
"When something is reported anywhere the local amateur star
tion would call in on the net andnet control would send the tone
persons whose background and experience are of value in UFO
but to increase our prestige and influence.
The painting to be awarded as part of First Prize will depict
alert the entire network. Once the area of contact was establishe
investigations and interviewing witnesses. The increase in Sub-
Another way in which you can help NICAP and at the same time
any UFO sighting of the winner's choice, provided NICAP considers
amateurs in the area toward which the UFO was headed could
committees will add even wider fields of experience.
learn about long hidden UFO information is to order the special
the sighting genuine and NICAP's file on the sighting is adequate.
The fields covered by the previous Scientific and Technical
NICAP publication of AF Project Reports, containing formerly
The photographs to be awarded as part of Second and Third
alert their police and others. (This could include alerting the
Panel members and the new advisers include space technology,
"Secret" or "Confidential" sightings. Details on this $5.00 pub-
Prizes will be selected by the winners from a list of the Thoben
nearest NICAP Subcommittee or special investigator)."
astrophysics, communications, rocket and missile engineering and
paintings already in NICAP's possession. These will be extra
Mr. Green suggests that interested "hams" start operations
lication are given on page 2. In the previous issue, we mentioned
large (the exact dimensions have not yet been determined) and
on 14250 kHz, and he offers his station - W2NSD, Peterborough,
control systems, anthropology, psychology and numerous other
this proposed publication, intending to print it ifthere was enough
subjects linked with UFO report evaluations.
interest. Some members sent in orders, but we have held their
will be made by a professional photo laboratory.
New Hampshire-as the control station. Alternate calls, if an
The color photographs to be awarded as special prizes will be
operator cannot get on 14250, are 7250 or 3000 kHz.
With a UFO report involving reported EM (electromagnetic)
checks until we were sure of proceeding. We now have almost
interference with car ignition, a charred spot from a supposed
enough orders for a first run and we expect to mail copies about
selected by NICAP.
touch-landing, and a photograph, the procedure would be as fol-
the last of June. (If you wish faster delivery than book-rate mail,
CONTEST RULES
SOVIET SCIENTISTS SPLIT ON UFOs
lows: Sample of the charred surface would be secured, also the
you may add $1.00 for first-class postage.)
1. The purpose of the contest is to securenew NICAP member-
A sharp attack on the USSR's recently announced UFO project
original of the photograph; the car's electrical system would be
If the response to our membership drive and the special AF
ships and renewals. Each order for one of these will count, with
has been launched by the Soviet Academy of Sciences, raising
examined; the witness or witnesses would be thoroughly ques-
Projects publication is large enough, it will not only expedite our
equal weight, toward a prize. A sample of the order form to be
several questions about the official policy on UFOs.
tioned, and Subcommittee reports on background and reputation
expansion but speed completion of Volume II, The UFO Evidence.
used by contestants is enclosed with this issue of the UFO Investi-
The split between scientist groups was revealed in a late
would be drawn up.
This will probably be the most impressive material we have ever
gator. The sample may be copiedby the contestant, or copies may
February edition of Pravda, Communist Party newspaper. The
All this evidence and the investigator's opinions would be
published, containing numerous important sightings and develop-
be obtained from NICAP. Entries that do not supply the informa-
relatively new UFO Section of Moscow's All-Union Cosmonautics
forwarded to NICAP headquarters, where copies would be sent to
ments since January 1, 1964. Details will be given in an early
tion on the sample order form may have to be disqualified. Only
Committee was denounced by the Academy of Sciences as
appropriate scientific-technical groups such as electrical engi-
issue, when we can announce the publication date and accept orders.
new renewals, submitted during the contest period, will count
"sensational and unscientific." The Academy also rejected the
neers, photographic experts, and chemists (for evaluating the
There are some official and self-appointed UFO debunkers who
toward contest prizes.
reports of huge crescent-shaped objects, sighted by Soviet
charred material.) Individual opinions and conclusions would be
still hope the Condon report will be widely accepted in spite of the
2. The contest is open to all interested persons, regardless of
astronomers and publicized by Dr. Felix Zigel, an eminent
weighed at NICAP headquarters, with additional scientific dis-
LOOK-NICAP revelations.
whether they are NICAP members. If a contestant chooses to join
scientist on the UFO Project's staff. (See UFO Investigator, Vol.
cussions on unsolved points or differences of opinion.
Dr. James E. McDonald recently summed up the debunker's
NICAP during the contest period, his new membership may be
IV, No. 4, p. 1.) According to the Academy, its physics division
In important cases involving detailed examinations a summary
expectations prior to the LOOK disclosures:
used as a contest entry in addition the other orders he submits.
had studied the reports and found them to have a "well-known
of experts' opinions, with dissents and the majority conclusion if
there was every reason to believe that Condon was about to
If a contestant is already a NICAP member and chooses to renew
origin" with "no scientific base."
any, would be made public.
quietly bury the UFO problem, his report providing a heavy tomb-
his membership during the contest period, his renewal can be used
The possibility of such an attack was hinted by Dr. Zigel when
Previously, the lack of a sufficient office staff kept us from
stone to keep the corpse from rising to bother the United States
as a contest entry in addition to the other orders he submits.
he disclosed the remarkable sightings. "Unfortunately," he said,
making full use of all our advisers' talents. During our attempted
Air Force."
3. The contest opens on June 15, 1968, and closes on August 31,
"certain scientists, both in the Soviet Union and in the United
cooperation with the Colorado Project, it was impossible to take
Judging from the AF letter evading any mention of the evidence
1968. All entries must be submitted during this period. Entries
States, deny the very existence of the problem."
on additional work.
sent to the President, officials still plan on having a deep grave
postmarked later than the closing date of the contest will be treated
The Academy's published blast seems to indicate a shift in
But the failure of the Colorado Project tocarry out a full-scale
ready.
as normal, noncontest orders and will not count toward any contest
high Soviet policy since the UFO Project was announced. If this
scientific evaluation has left us no choice.
But after 11 years of such tactics, wehave had enough. We will
prize. All entries become the property of NICAP, and none will
is so, then a cancellation of the project may be forthcoming.
WE HAVE TO DO THIS JOB!
fight any such attempt to the last ditch.
be returned.
This still would not explain the abrupt turn-around, and it would
NICAP is the only full-time private organization large enough
If you resent the Colorado fiasco-if youare indignant, too, then
4. All entries must be accompanied by full payment for the
leave another question unanswered: What will happen to the book
to do it. We have the foundation for rapid expansion. We can call
help us as best you can,
orders being submitted.
on extraterrestrial life reportedly being prepared by the Academy
upon authorities in any necessary field-experts whose reputations
With your backing, we can-and will-block any trick to bury the
5. All payments submitted with contest orders should in U.S.
of Sciences? According to Dr. Zigel, the book was to contain a
and experiences will command respect.
UFO problem.
funds. Currency, checks, and money orders are acceptable. Do
sizable section on UFOs.
-
NATIONAL INVESTIGATIONS COMMITTEE
ON AERIAL PHENOMENA
1536 CONNECTICUT AVENUE, N.W.
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20036
June 21, 1968
Dear Congressman Ford;
Please find enclosed a copy of our latest
bulletin, for your information.
r Madmill Gordon I. R. Lore he
Assistant Director
PHOTOCOPY FROM GERALD FORD I |BRARY
GIRL/gh
Onlder
MINORITY LEADER
United States
house of Representatives
These are the
only copres
me have. sf
used, be sure
to run off a
copy and beep
these originals
Scientists Tell Congress
Press 7-30'
It's Time to Stop Laughing
At UFOs-Must Study Them
WASHINGTON (UPI) In
understand them.
Physics at the University of
Northern California, two high-
Those appearing at the
Arizona and Dr. Robert M. L.
way patrolmen report watching
symposium included Dr. J.
Baker Jr., from the Computer
a glowing cigar-shaped craft
Allen Hynek, director of North-
Sciences Corp., El Segundo,
with red and white lights drop
western University's Dearborn
Calif.
from the sky, swiftly reverse its
Observatory; Dr. James E.
The scientists agreed that too
direction, hover, finally disap-
McDonald, senior physicist with
many sightings have defied
pear.
the Institute of Atmospheric
analysis to rule out the
From around the world in
possibility of surveillance by
recent years come reports of
beings from outer space.
similar sightings of disc-shaped
Cites Blackout
or elongated objects-including
some that seem to respond to
"This is a possibility I take
lights flashed from the ground
very seriously," McDonald said.
by flashing back in the same
"If there is even a chance of
pattern.
surveillance, we should explore
it."
Visitors From Space?
McDonald said if the earth
A group of prominent scien-
was being watched, it was being
tists told Congress Monday
done by a society SO advanced
these unidentified flying objects
that its technology "would be
(UFOs) may be visitors from
indistinguishable from magic"
other worlds, natural phenome-
to earthmen. He also said many
na such as electrical disturban-
UFO sightings were reported up
1
ces, or hallucinations.
and down the Eastern Seaboard
Whatever they are, the six
around the time of the
scientists at a symposium
Northeast power blackout late
PHOTOCOPY FROM GERALD FORD I BRARY
sponsored by the House Science
in 1965-precipitated by a power
Committee agreed it is time to
pulse the cause of which has
stop laughing off the "hard
never been identified.
core" group of unexplained
"There is a puzzling and
UFOs and start long-term,
slightly disturbing coincidence
government-backed programs to
here," he said.
Detroit Free Press
Feature Page
MONDAY, APRIL 17, 1967
By Roscoe Drummond
At Last, Real Study
Of Flying Saucers
BOULDER, Colo. - The U.S. Govern-
I feel you can dismiss the belief that the UFO
ment is at last really trying to find out if
investigation could be the captive of the un-
critical doubters or the uncritical believers or
those flying saucers are real.
just a sly gesture by the Air Force to get the
The UFO's are being taken seriously in a
UFO thing off its back.
resourceful and open-minded investigation to
The most reassuring fact is that Dr. Condon
get the facts--regardless of where they lead.
and his staff are.not going to be satisfied just
This means that "The Case of the Flying
to sift through old reports and try to glean new
Saucers: Real or Myth?' is going to have its
clues. They are going to do that - and more.
day in the court of objective inquiry and I am
They are going to exhaust all reasonable pos-
persuaded that the new investigators are not
sibilities of getting new evidence capable of
going to be deterred by the cynics who like
proving the existence of flying bjects for
to dismiss all sightings and find explanations
which no conventional explanation is adequate.
later or trapped by the hoaxers who make the
work of thorough study SO difficult.
THE CONDON TEAM is not closing its mind
to the possibility that the source of UFO's
THE BEST GUARANTEE that it is a hard-
could be outer space. In fact, the most refresh-
headed, no-nonsense investigation which the
ing thing about the whole project is the spirited
University of Colorado is
objectivity of its approach.
carrying out for the Air
There are both believers and non-believers
Force is the man who runs
on the team-and that is as it should be-but
it-the nuclear scientist, Dr.
the evident mood which, I am sure, is in large
PHOTOCOPY FROM GERALD FORD IBRARY
Edward U. Condon, tough-
part generated by Dr. Condon himself, is in-
minded head of UC's De-
tense curiosity and one of "let's get at the
partment of Physics and As-
facts whatever they may show."
trophysics.
Robert H. Hall, the assistant director of the
Dr. Condon fought off the
National Investigations Committee on Aerial
politicians and the know-
Phenomena, a competent and balanced private
nothings when he headed the
group which has long been gathering and sift-
U. S. Bureau of Standards in Dr. Condon
ing UFO information, speaks highly of "the
Washington in the '40s and he is not one to
truly scientific attitudes of the Colorado sci-
be intimidated by that breed of scientist who
entists."
cringes professionally at the very thought of
This seems to me to be a needed and trust-
taking UFO's seriously or by those in the mili-
worthy attempt to get new and significant in-
tary who in the past have been far more
formation on the UFO mystery. The reason
interested in burying the facts than looking
such an authoritative investigation is needed
at them.
is that there are too many sightings by re-
If you are an agnostic on flying saucers as
sponsible observers - the minimum is more
I am - that is, don't know but willing to be
than 650 in all - for which there is absolutely
shown - you have reason to be satisfied that
no satisfactory explanation.
the Condon investigation, under a $300,000
This investigation comes none too soon. For
Pentagon contract, is being undertaken by a
too long the public has been battered by the
good team at the right time.
extremists on both sides and the Air Force's
From my conversations in Boulder with Dr.
back-of-the-wrist dismissal of the evidence has
Condon and Robert J. Low, who left his po-
only fed speculation by its own unreliability.
sition as assistant dean of the Graduate School
Let's cease speculation for a year and wait
here to devote full time as project co-ordinator,
for the Condon report.
TIMES, SUNDAY, APRIL 10, 1907
PHOTOCOPY FROM GERALD FORD BRARY
On the Trail of the UFO
By WALTER SULLIVAN
others who have tried the same
Robert J. Low, executive direc-
ing to sources in Boulder, and the
trick, have also stirred up the Fed-
"elves and hobgoblins." People, he
Two weekends ago the head-
tor of the project, is a veteran of
discoloring agent has been identi-
quarters of the government-spon-
eral Aviation Agency. It fears
said, "have been seeing things for
the last-named center. The prob-
fied as human urine.
that pilots approaching a runway
a long time." Anyone today who
sored effort to assess the "flying
lem seems to be a lack of evidence
Another form of material evi-
saucer" phenomenon was itself
could become confused by such
explained a puzzling observation
-so far, at least-that can be put
dence consists of photographs pur-
subjected to a perplexing flying
glowing balloons, even if they did
as a hobgoblin would be laughed
to an impartial scientific test. The
porting to show UFO's. These are
not hit them. It is reported that
at, but to many the flying saucer
objects, or UFO's.
files are filled with accounts of
being studied with densitometers
similar balloons were made in Ore-
idea is plausible. The current in-
The invasion occurred over the
what people think they saw, but
and other devices capable of de-
town of Boulder, home of the Uni-
gon, using highway emergency
quiry, he said, is unlikely to throw
Boulder's own UFO experience has
tecting where a picture has been
flares instead of candles. One is
any new light on the problem. "It
versity of Colorado and seat of the
raised basic questions as to the
altered or double-exposed. The re-
said to have set a house on fire.
will not silence those who have
18-month study initiated by the
reliability of such accounts.
sults of these studies have not been
made either a religion or a busi-
Air Force five months ago, It was
The Boulder affair has provided
Natural Phenomena
made public, but it is obvious that
ness of UFO's."
inevitable that those who suspect
the investigators with a particu-
the investigators so far have not
Despite the scorn with which
UFO's are piloted by exotic visi-
larly well-documented example of
Furthermore that experience has
been greatly impressed by the
tors from another world should as-
much in common with many other
most scientists look upon the UFO
a UFO episode. Of particular in-
photographs.
reports, there are a few who would
sume that thse creatures knew
terest was its demonstration of
episodes. As with the Air Force
The Condon investigation was
of the investigation and the loca-
the unreliable nature of human ob-
inquiries, most UFO's have readily
have them taken seriously. Among
instigated at the request of the
servation. Despite the great num-
been identified as natural or man-
them is Dr. J. Allen Hynek, direc-
tion of its headquarters.
Air Force, whose handling of the
made phenomena-planets, bal-
tor of the observatory at North-
ber of witnesses-some of them
UFO's had been questioned. Some
experienced scientists and astrono-
loons, earth satellites and SO forth.
western University in Evanston,
Accounts Vary
said the Air Force did not take
III. Dr. Hynek has been an advi-
mers-it was only toward the end
It is also evident that the phenom-
them seriously enough. Others sus-
sor to the Air Force in its UFO
Indeed, the peculiar lights move
of the investigation (shortly be-
ena leading to such reports are
pected that the truth was being
investigations. Another is Dr.
fore the students confessed) that
very diverse. There is no simple
past the 10-story tower of the
withheld. The Air Force is respon-
James E. McDonald, Professor of
Joint Institute for Laboratory
the true explanation began to be-
explanation for UFO's as a whole.
sible for checking on possible in-
come evident.
Any one type of phenomenon ac-
Meteorology and Climatology at
Astrophysics. It is from the top
trusions into American air space.
the University of Arizona and a
floor of that tower that Dr. Ed-
Dr. Condon himself is reluctant
counts for only a small percentage
to discuss the over-all project un-
of the total number of explained
Some Predict Whitewash
leading authority on cloud physics.
ward U. Condon, professor of phys-
til its official report has been pre-
episodes.
He has been conducting his own
ics and former head of the National
The fact that the Air Force is
investigation of UFO's and seems
Bureau of Standards, directs the
pared. It is to be reviewed by the
The experts here are prepared to
financing Dr. Condon's inquiry has
prepared to consider the possibili-
investigation.
National Academy of Sciences and
use a variety of tests on any con-
led some of those who take the
ty that they are vehicles from
For two days his investigators
may not be made public until a
crete evidence that comes to hand.
reports seriously to prophesy that
another world.
interviewed witnesses. The ac-
year from next summer. However,
For example they can tell from the
his report would be a "whitewash."
While there have been a number
counts varied remarkably, particu-
many details of the investigation
radioactivity of an object whether
There are UFO believers on the
of UFO reports from other coun-
larly with regard to the distance
are known on the university cam-
or not it has recently been in space
campus at Boulder, as there are
and, if so, for how long. The tech-
tries, no government-sponsored in-
of the objects and their size. It
pus and it appears that no solid
in other such communities, and Dr.
was reported by at least one source
evidence has yet been found to sup-
nique has been used extensively in
vestigations are under way abroad,
Condon has been asked at student
so far as could be learned last
port the view that any UFO's are
meteorite studies.
that, after snooping around for a
gatherings whether his mind was
week.
while, the UFO's "whizzed off at
piloted by visitors from beyond the
However the specialists apparent-
not closed on the subject. He has
earth.
tremendous speed." This is typical
ly have not had much to work on. A
vehemently denied this, arguing
The Condon inquiry has grown
of many UFO accounts.
Specialists on Hand
national magazine recently pub-
that the mind of a scientist should
out of the demand by many Amer-
not be closed to anything.
icans for an authoritative assess-
Then a sheepish group of stu-
lished a photograph of an irregu-
The University of Colorado was
ment. They have been fed so many
dents confessed. They had suspend-
lar patch of discolored sand which
The Air Force has obviously
chosen because it lies in a com-
was described as claw-like in shape
accounts of sightings, landings and
ed birthday candles below a num-
hoped that the prestige of Dr.
munity rich in the specialists need-
even voyages on board such craft
ber of plastic bags of the type
The magazine quoted a young cou-
Condon, a former president of the
ed for such an inquiry. Apart from
ple as saying they were in a parked
that they want to know the truth.
used for packaging dry-cleaned
American Association for the Ad-
the university, which has a strong
car near by when a saucer-like
If the one common denominator
garments. Hot air from the can-
vancement of Science, will counter-
physics department, there are lab-
dles inflated and lifted the bags.
craft landed at this spot and then
act any charges that he is a party
of such reports is the frailty of
oratories of the Environmental Sci-
The candles were part of a device
took off. While police were investi-
to a conspiracy to hide the truth.
the human mind, as an observing
ence Services Administration with
and remembering device, then they
attached to the bags and they pro-
gating the landing site, the girl,
A few days ago the University
experts in upper air and electrical
duced the mysterious lights. They
according to this account, screamed
of Utah made public a speech by
will want such peculiarities of the
phenomena. There are the astrono-
and said a monstrous creature
Dr. Elie A. Shneour, a molecular
mind documented. The trouble is
burned for 20 minutes-long
mers of the High Altitude Observ-
emerged from the woods and
enough to stir up a good deal of
biologist on its faculty, attacking
that the science of cognition is in
atory and specialists in weather
threatened her.
excitement.
the Condon project as fruitless.
its infancy and its findings are
freaks at the National Center for
The discolored sand has been sub-
His theme was that UFO's rep-
not widely known, even among
The student pranksters and
Atmospheric Research.
jected to careful analysis, accord-
resent the modern counterpart of
otherwise well-informed scientists.
THE
WASHINGTON
POST
Tuesday,
June
27,
1967
R
A3
Force's UFO Expert Meets the Man From S.A.U.C.E.R.S.
Willard Clopton Jr.
reached Jim Moseley, the convention
tube." Moseley responded. "We've got
biological warfare and other technologi-
crews have been transported to an-
osity, and who is able to conduct him-
hington Post Staff Writer
chairman.
to pack the hall."
cal hazards.
other planet for study by "somebody
self in a civilized manner."
)RK, June 26-Seeing Dr.
Moseley-36, a lean, intense man
Pack it they did. They were four pub-
They want to help, he speculated,
taking samples of our technology and
People under 25 appeared to pre-
Condon at the Congress of
with a Princeton education, head of
lic sessions during the five-day Con-
but may be fearful that if they tell
manpower."
dominate among those at the public
Ifologists was like running
the Saucer and Unexplained Celestial
gress, which ended yesterday, and each
us everything they know at one time,
A less flamboyant presentation was
meetings, and a sizable number were
0 at a convention of house
Events Research Society (S.A.U.C.
drew between 1500 and 2000 people.
it could produce "drastic cultural
that of James Randi, a New Yorker
in their teens. At one point, the audi-
E.R.S.), the host organization-inter-
They paid $2 apiece to see and hear a
shock'
and professional magician, who said:
ence was asked how many had seen a
rupted the proceedings to announce
variety of speakers, most of them
Unless they are able to communicate
"Let's not fool ourselves. There are
UFO, and about half raised their
> was - Condon, eminent
ormer head of the National
Condon's presence. The burly, 64-year-
bright or rising stars in the ufological
their wisdom to us gradually, he sug-
some garden variety liars involved in
hands. Most were from the New York
old scientist arose and gave a quick
firmament.
gesetd, it may be that within 50 years,
all this. But in among all the trash
area, but there was representation
Standards, the man picked
direct an Air Force-financed,
wave.
One was Gordon Evans, an associate
earth "will become a protectorate, in
and nonsense perpetrated in the name
from Florida, the Midwest and what
which political and economic power
of ufology, I think there is a small
one UFO researcher called the "South-
udy at the University of
They gave him polite applause,
professor of economics at the New
are taken away from the human race
grain of truth."
ern California surfooard set."
nd come up with some once-
though there was a mild groan when
York State University College at New
and turned over to an extraterrestrial
Moseley let it be known that
answers about Unidentified
Moseley mentioned the Air Force,
Paltz, N.Y., who makes a hobby of
Just outside the ballroom was a
UFOs.
species."
.U.C.E.R.S did not sanction all the
ects.
which is to most ufologists what cloudy
large exhibit area. featuring models
The Rev. Richard Basile of Wana-
goings-on at the gathering, but also
of saucers and material on reported
0. were the Ufologists-100
days must have been to the ancient
He presented his "openly specula-
massa, N.J., of the Assemblies of God
made it clear that he wasn't going
sightings of "moth men" and 3-foot
gates, joined by some 1500
worshippers of Ra. the sun god.
tive" notions that UFOs are manned
denomination, said the appearance of
to censor anybody.
high "humanoids. A number of
siasts from the general pub-
At intermission, Moseley came charg-
by a far more highly evolved species
the saucers is "one of the signs of the
In between the open meetings, the
booths were doing a brisk trade in-
ned into the grand ballroom
ing down from the podium to shake
than men of earth and that their fre-
end time." signifying the imminence
delegates attended closed "business"
UFO books, records and other memo-
modore Hotel for the first
Condon's hand and ask what he
quent visits to this planet are part
of Christ's second coming.
sessions. no word of which leaked out.
rabilia.
aucer convention ever held
thought of the meeting.
of "a long-range developmental plan"
Art Ford. an East Coast radio and
The delegates, according to a special
"Very interesting." the scientist said.
of "transferring their science to us in
convention issue of Saucer News-the
Dr. Condon sat poker-faced through
television figure, told of his research
seated with his wife, re-
After a moment, he added: "Some of
a hidden way."
official publication of S.A.U.C.E.R.S.-
it all.
into the mysterious disappearance of
onymous through the first
these fellows [the lecturers] have a way
They recognize, he said, that people
six Navy planes in December, 1945,
"may include anyone who can demon-
"It's very interesting," he observed
sion, but midway through
of sliding over the evidence."
on earth are in danger of self-extermi-
while on a training flight near Florida.
strate an interest in the subject of
inscrutably, showing a crinkle of
word that he was on hand
"Well, we can't run this in a test
nation through the means of H-bombs,
He wondered if the craft and their
UFOs above the level of simple curi-
smile.
PHOTOCOPY GERALD FORD
THE WASHINGTON POST Tuesday, June 27, 1967
A3
Air Force's UFO Expert Meets the Man From S.A.U.C.E.R.S.
By Willard Clopton Jr.
reached Jim Moseley, the convention
tube." Moseley responded. "We've got
biological warfare and other technologi-
crews have been transported to an-
osity, and who is able to conduct him
Washington Post Staff Writer
chairman.
to pack the hall."
cal hazards.
other planet for study by "somebody
self in a civilized manner."
NEW YORK, June 26-Seeing Dr.
Moseley-36, a lean, intense man
Pack it they did. They were four pub-
They want to help, he speculated,
taking samples of our technology and
Edward U. Condon at the Congress of
with a Princeton education, head of
lic sessions during the five-day Con-
manpower."
People under 25 appeared to pre-
but may be fearful that if they tell
Scientific Ufologists was like running
the Saucer and Unexplained Celestial
gress, which ended yesterday, and each
us everything they know at one time,
A less flamboyant presentation was
dominate among those at the public
into Pieasso at a convention of house
Events Research Society (S.A.U.C.
drew between 1500 and 2000 people.
it could produce "drastic cultural
that of James Randi, a New Yorker
meetings, and a sizable number were
painters.
E.R.S.), the host organization-inter-
They paid $2 apiece to see and hear a
shock"
and professional magician, who said:
in their teens. At one point, the audi-
There he was - Condon, eminent
rupted the proceedings to announce
variety of speakers, most of them
Unless they are able to communicate
"Let's not fool ourselves. There are
ence was asked how many had seen a
physicist, former head of the National
Condon's presence. The burly, 64-year-
bright or rising stars in the ufological
their wisdom to us gradually, he sug-
UFO, and about half raised their
some garden variety liars involved in
old scientist arose and gave a quick
firmament.
hands. Most were from the New York
Bureau of Standards, the man picked
gesetd, it may be that within 50 years,
all this. But in among all the trash
wave.
earth "will become a protectorate, in
area, but there was representation
last fall to direct an Air Force-financed,
One was Gordon Evans, an associate
and nonsense perpetrated in the name
They gave him polite applause,
professor of economics at the New
which political and economic power
from Florida, the Midwest and what
$300,000 study at the University of
of ufology, I think there is a small
one UFO researcher called the "South-
Colorado and come up with some once-
though there was a mild groan when
York State University College at New
are taken away from the human race
grain of truth."
and turned over to an extraterrestrial
ern California surfboard set."
and-for-all answers about Unidentified
Moseley mentioned the Air Force,
Paltz, N.Y., who makes a hobby of
Moseley let it be known that
Flying Objects.
which is to most ufologists what cloudy
UFOs.
species."
S.A.U.C.E.R.S did not sanction all the
Just outside the ballroom was a
There, too, were the Ufologists-100
days must have been to the ancient
The Rev. Richard Basile of Wana-
He presented his "openly specula-
goings-on at the gathering. but also
large exhibit area, featuring models
or so delegates, joined by some 1500
worshippers of Ra, the sun god.
massa, N.J., of the Assemblies of God
tive" notions that UFOs are manned
made it clear that he wasn't going
of saucers and material on reported
UFO enthusiasts from the general pub-
At intermission, Moseley came charg-
by a far more highly evolved species
denomination, said the appearance of
to censor anybody.
sightings of "moth men" and 3-foot-
lic, all jammed into the grand ballroom
ing down from the podium to shake
than men of earth and that their fre-
the saucers is "one of the signs of the
In between the open meetings, the
high "humanoids." A number of
of the Commodore Hotel for the first
Condon's hand and ask what he
end time," signifying the imminence
quent visits to this planet are part
delegates attended closed "business"
booths were doing a brisk trade in
big flying saucer convention ever held
thought of the meeting.
of Christ's second coming.
of "a long-range developmental plan"
sessions, no word of which leaked out.
UFO books, records and other memo-
in this city.
Art Ford, an East Coast radio and
"Very interesting," the scientist said.
of "transferring their science to us in
The delegates, according to a special
rabilia.
Condon, seated with his wife, re-
After a moment, he added: "Some of
television figure, told of his research
a hidden way."
convention issue of Saucer News-the
Dr. Condon sat poker-faced through
mained anonymous through the first
these fellows [the lecturers] have a way
into the mysterious disappearance of
official publication of S.A.U.C.E.R.S.-
it all.
public session, but midway through
They recognize, he said, that people
of sliding over the evidence."
six Navy planes in December, 1945,
"may include anyone who can demon-
the second, word that he was on hand
on earth are in danger of self-extermi-
"It's very interesting," he observed.
"Well, we can't run this in a test
while on a training flight near Florida.
strate an interest in the subject of
inscrutably, showing a crinkle
a
nation through the means of H-bombs,
He wondered if the craft and their
UFOs above the level of simple curi-
smile.
PHOTOCOPY FROM GERALD FORD
The Washington Merry-Go-Round
THE WASHINGTON POST
Tuesday, June 27, 1967
B11
UFOs High Among Thant's Worries
By Drew Pearson and
rael win its amazing victory.
diplomatic relations and set
per cent higher than they do
The Arab people still believe
fire to American buildings.
local wines.
Jack Anderson
the Nasser broadcasts.
Meanwhile, only one Israeli
In addition, Colorado, Dela-
In the very middle of the
But what the diplomats and
was training in the United
ware, New Jersey and Rhode
Near East crisis U.N. Secre-
the public don't know is that
States during the Near East
Island have imposed licensing
tary General Thant took time
while Nasser was making his
crisis, and he was graduated
fees for both wholesalers and
to do a very significant thing.
charge a tremendous number
on June 1, four days before
out-of-state wineries which are
He arranged to have one of
of Arab pilots were being
war started.
so high that they prevent
the top advocates of the theory
trained in the United States,
Despite the break in diplo-
smaller California wineries
that flying saucers-UFOs-
presumably to fight against Is-
matic relations, Arab pilots
from distributing in those
are from another planet, speak
rael. The total number of Arab
have continued to study here
states. Fees paid by retailers
before the Outer Space Af-
pilots trained in this country
undisturbed by any demonstra-
in these states are also high.
fairs Committee of the United
between 1964 and 1967 was
tions or resentment by the
Finally New York, which
Natións.
812. In the same period only
American people.
produces a good wine of its
The Middle East war broke
39 Israeli pilots trained at U.S.
own, has slapped what amounts
on June 5. On June 7 Dr.
Air Force bases.
Flouting the Constitution
to a tariff on wines from other
James E. McDonald of the
Morocco, for instance, sent
Back when the Founding
states. If you're selling wine
University of Arizona, a firm
Fathers were putting this Na-
in New York, you have to pay
363 pilots to learn to fly at
believer in UFOs, spoke be-
tion together, one of their big
$550 a year to advertise-that
U.S. bases. And after Nasser
fore the U.N. outer space com-
put across the Big Lie regard-
debates was whether tariffs
is, if you produce wine in Cali-
mittee. Dr. McDonald believes
ing U.S. planes, Moroccans
could be levied by one state
fornia or elsewhere. If you
that UFOs are extra-terrestrial
stormed and burned the Amer-
against the products of an-
produce wine in New York,
spaceships on reconnaissance
can Library and other U.S.
other.
you don't have to pay the $550.
missions to explore the earth.
buildings.
Some wanted to put up a
Ethics Is Honesty
He has also addressed the
Libya sent 119 pilots to train
tariff against the manufac-
American Society of Newspa-
in the United States. Libya
tured goods of New England.
The Nation's Business,
per Editors and the Washing-
has now broken off relations
There was quite a battle over
spokesman for the U.S. Cham-
ton Meteorology Society on
with the United States and de-
this, but in the end the Found-
ber of Commerce, has taken
this subject.
manded the evacuation of
ing Fathers ruled that if this
issue with spokesmen for Sen.
Interesting fact is that U
Wheelus Air Force base, even
country was going to be homo-
Tom Dodd, who claim the U.S.
Thant has confided to friends
though an additional number
geneous it must not discrim-
Senate has never adopted a
that he considers UFOs the
of Libya pilots were studying
inate against the products of
code of ethics. Says Nation's
most important problem facing
there free.
any state. There could be no
Business: "Honesty is not dif-
the United Nations next to the
Saudi Arabia sent 112 pilots
tariff barriers.
ficult to define. Perhaps the
war in Vietnam. U Thant
to train in the United States.
This wise policy is one im-
Senate needs a dictionary.
made this statement before the
There were demonstrations
portant factor in making the
"The depth of the difference
war in the Near East, so it's
against Americans in Saudi
United States the greatest eco-
in standards for the ins, com-
not known how he rates this
Arabia after Nasser's Big Lie.
nomie power in the world to-
pared with the outs, is illus-
last international incident
Jordan sent 103 pilots to
day.
trated in a quip by Sen. Ste-
compared with UFOs.
train here; the Sudan sent 39
phen M. Young, a merry old
Believe it or not, however,
pilots and has now broken off
gentleman from Ohio whose
some states have now junked
Arab Pilots in U.S.A.
relations; Iraq sent 28 pilots
honesty is as unquestioned as
this and no one has called
The diplomatic world is still
and has viciously attacked
his wit is sharp. He said he
them on the carpet. Specific-
Americans.
had placed a $5 maximum
marveling at the success of
ally, Georgia, Arkansas, Mich-
value on acceptable gifts, and
President Nasser in putting
Egypt sent six pilots, Syria
igan, Washington and South
added: 'I declare every bottle
across the Big Lie-that U.S.
two and Tunisia one. The first
Carolina are taxing out-of-state
of bourbon worth $4.99."
and British planes helped Is-
two countries have broken
wines at rates of 500 to 1500
© 1967, Bell-McClure Syndicate, Inc.
The Washington Merry-Go-Round
THE WASHINGTON POST Tuesday, June 27, 1967
B11
UFOs High Among Thant's Worries
By Drew Pearson and
rael win its amazing victory.
diplomatic relations and set
per cent higher than they do
The Arab people still believe
fire to American buildings.
local wines.
Jack Anderson
the Nasser broadcasts.
Meanwhile, only one Israeli
In addition, Colorado, Dela-
In the vèry middle of the
But what the diplomats and
was training in the United
ware, New Jersey and Rhode
lear East crisis U.N. Secre-
the public don't know is that
States during the Near East
Island have imposed licensing
ary General Thant took time
while Nasser was making his
crisis, and he was graduated
fees for both wholesalers and
0 do a very significant thing.
charge a tremendous number
on June 1, four days before
out-of-state wineries which are
Ie arranged to have one of
of Arab pilots were being
war started.
so high that they prevent
he top advocates of the theory
trained in the United States,
Despite the break in diplo-
smaller California wineries
hat flying saucers-UFOs-
presumably to fight against Is-
matic relations, Arab pilots
from distributing in those
re from another planet, speak
rael. The total number of Arab
have continued to study here
states. Fees paid by retailers
efore the Outer Space Af-
pilots trained in this country
undisturbed by any demonstra-
in these states are also high.
airs Committee of the United
between 1964 and 1967 was
tions or resentment by the
Finally New York, which
lations.
812. In the same period only
American people.
produces a good wine of its
The Middle East war broke
39 Israeli pilots trained at U.S.
own, has slapped what amounts
n June 5. On June 7 Dr.
Air Force bases.
Flouting the Constitution
to a tariff on wines from other
ames E. McDonald of the
Morocco, for instance, sent
Back when the Founding
states. If you're selling wine
Iniversity of Arizona, a firm
363 pilots to learn to fly at
Fathers were putting this Na-
in New York, you have to pay
eliever in UFOs, spoke be-
U.S. bases. And after Nasser
tion together, one of their big
$550 a year to advertise-that
ore the U.N. outer space com-
debates was whether tariffs
is, if you produce wine in Cali-
put across the Big Lie regard-
nittee. Dr. McDonald believes
could be levied by one state
fornia or elsewhere. If you
ing U.S. planes, Moroccans
hat UFOs are extra-terrestrial
stormed and burned the Amer-
against the products of an-
produce wine in New York,
paceships on reconnaissance
other.
you don't have to pay the $550.
can Library and other U.S.
hissions to explore the earth.
buildings.
Some wanted to put up a
[e has also addressed the
Ethics Is Honesty
Libya sent 119 pilots to train
tariff against the manufac-
merican Society of Newspa-
in the United States. Libya
tured goods of New England.
The Nation's Business,
er Editors and the Washing-
has now broken off relations
There was quite a battle over
spokesman for the U.S. Cham-
on Meteorology Society on
with the United States and de-
this, but in the end the Found-
ber of Commerce, has taken
his subject.
manded the evacuation of
ing Fathers ruled that if this
issue with spokesmen for Sen.
Interesting fact is that U
Wheelus Air Force base, even
country was going to be homo-
Tom Dodd, who claim the U.S.
'hant has confided to friends
though an additional number
geneous it must not discrim-
Senate has never adopted a
hat he considers UFOs the
of Libya pilots were studying
inate against the products of
code of ethics. Says Nation's
nost important problem facing
there free.
any state. There could be no
Business: "Honesty is not dif-
he United Nations next to the
Saudi Arabia sent 112 pilots
tariff barriers.
ficult to define. Perhaps the
ar in Vietnam. U Thant
to train in the United States.
This wise policy is one im-
Senate needs a dictionary.
PHOTOCOPY FROM GERALD FORD I BRARY
hade this statement before the
There were demonstrations
portant factor in making the
"The depth of the difference
ar in the Near East, SO it's
against Americans in Saudi
United States the greatest eco-
in standards for the ins, com-
ot known how he rates this
Arabia after Nasser's Big Lie.
nomic power in the world to-
pared with the outs, is illus-
ast international incident
Jordan sent 103 pilots to
day.
trated in a quip by Sen. Ste-
ompared with UFOs.
train here; the Sudan sent 39
phen M. Young, a merry old
Believe it or not, however,
pilots and has now broken off
gentleman from Ohio whose
Arab Pilots in U.S.A.
some states have now junked
relations; Iraq sent 28 pilots
honesty is as unquestioned as
this and no one has called
The diplomatic world is still
and has viciously attacked
his wit is sharp. He said he
them on the carpet. Specific-
harveling at the success of
Americans.
had placed a $5 maximum
ally, Georgia, Arkansas, Mich-
'resident Nasser in putting
value on acceptable gifts, and
Egypt sent six pilots, Syria
igan, Washington and South
cross the Big Lie-that U.S.
added: 'I declare every bottle
two and Tunisia one. The first
Carolina are taxing out-of-state
of bourbon worth $4.99.'
nd British planes helped Is-
two countries have broken
wines at rates of 500 to 1500
© 1967, Bell-McClure Syndicate, Inc.
Detroit Dree Press
Feature Page
MONDAY, APRIL 17, 1967
11-A
By Roscoe Drummond
At Last, Real Study
Of Flying Saucers
BOULDER, Colo. The U.S. Govern-
I feel you can dismiss the belief that the UFO
ment is at last really trying to find out if
investigation could be the captive of the un-
critical doubters or the uncritical believers or
those flying saucers are real.
just & sly gesture by the Air Force to get the
The UFO's are being taken seriously in a
UFO thing off its back.
resourceful and open-minded investigation to,
The most reassuring fact is that Dr. Condon
get the facts--regardless of where they lead.
and his staff are not going to be satisfied just
This means that The Case of the Flying
to sift through old reports and try to glean new
Saucers: Real or Myth?' is going to have its
clues. They are going to do that and more.
day in the court of objective inquiry and I am
They are going to exhaust all reasonable pos-
persuaded that the new investigators are not
sibilities of getting new evidence capable of
going to be deterred by the cynics who like
proving the existence of flying objects for
to dismiss all sightings and find explanations
which no conventional explanation is adequate.
later or trapped by the hoaxers who make the
work of thorough study so difficult.
THE CONDON TEAM is not closing its mind
PHOTOCOPY FROM GERALD FORD I BRARY
to the possibility that the source of UFO's
THE BEST GUARANTEE that it is a hard-
could be outer space. In fact, the most refresh-
headed, no-nonsense investigation which the
ing thing about the whole project is the spirited
University of Colorado is
objectivity of its approach.
carrying out for the Air
There are both believers and non-believers
Force is the man who runs
on the team-and that is as it should be but
it-the nuclear scientist, Dr.
the evident mood which, I am sure, is in large
Edward U. Condon, tough-
part generated by Dr. Condon himself, is in-
minded head of UC's De-
tense curiosity and one of "let's get at the
partment of Physics and As-
facts whatever they may show.'
trophysics.
Robert H. Hall, the assistant director of the
Dr. Condon fought off the
National Investigations Committee on Aerial
politicians and the know-
Phenomena, a competent and balanced private
nothings when he headed the
group which has long been gathering and sift-
U. S. Bureau of Standards in Dr. Condon
ing UFO information, speaks highly of "the
Washington in the '40s and he is not one to
truly scientific attitudes of the Colorado sci-
be intimidated by that breed of scientist who
entists."
cringes professionally at the very thought of
This seems to me to be a needed and trust-
taking UFO's seriously or by those in the mili-
worthy attempt to get new and significant in-
tary who in the past have been far more
formation on the UFO mystery. The reason
interested in burying the facts than looking
such an authoritative investigation is needed
at them.
is that there are too many sightings by re-
If you are an agnostic on flying saucers as
sponsible observers - the minimum is more
I am that is, don't know but willing to be
than 650 in all - for which there is absolutely
shown you have reason to be satisfied that
no satisfactory explanation.
the Condon investigation, under a $300,000
This investigation comes none too soon. For
Pentagon contract, is being undertaken by a
too long the public has been battered by the
good team at the right time.
extremists on both sides and the Air Force's
From my conversations in Boulder with Dr.
back-of-the-wrist dismissal of the evidence has
Condon and Robert J. Low, who left his po-
only fed speculation by its own unreliability.
sition as assistant dean of the Graduate School
Let's cease speculation for a year and wait
here to devote full time as project co-ordinator,
for the Condon report.
PHOTOCOPY FROM GERALD FORD I BRARY
THE NEW YORK TIMES, SUNDAY, APRIL 16, 1967
On the Trail of the UFO
By WALTER SULLIVAN
others who have tried the same
Robert J. Low, executive direc-
ing to sources in Boulder, and the
"elves and hobgoblins." People, he
trick, have also stirred up the Fed-
tor of the project, is a veteran of
discoloring agent has been identi-
said, "have been seeing thirigs for
Two weekends ago the head-
eral Aviation Agency. It fears
the last-named center. The prob-
fied as human urine.
a long time." Anyone today who
quarters of the government-spon-
that pilots approaching a runway
lem seems to be a lack of evidence
Another form of material evi-
explained a puzzling observation
sored effort to assess the "flying
could become confused by such
-50 far, at least-that can be put
dence consists of photographs pur-
as a hobgoblin would be laughed
saucer" phenomenon was itself
glowing balloons, even if they did
to an impartial scientific test. The
porting to show UFO's. These are
at, but to many the flying saucer
subjected to a perplexing flying
not hit them. It is reported that
files are filled with accounts of
being studied with densitometers
idea is plausible. The current in-
objects, or UFO's.
similar balloons were made in Ore-
what people think they saw, but
and other devices capable of de-
quiry, he said, is unlikely to throw
The invasion occurred over the
gon, using highway emergency
Boulder's own UFO experience has
tecting where a picture has been
any new light on the problem. "It
town of Boulder, home of the Uni-
flares instead of candles. One is
raised basic questions as to the
altered or double-exposed. The re-
will not silence those who have
versity of Colorado and seat of the
said to have set a house on fire.
reliability of such accounts.
sults of these studies have not been
made either a religion or a busi-
18-month study initiated by the
made public, but it is obvious that
ness of UFO's."
The Boulder affair has provided
Air Force five months ago. It was
Natural Phenomena
the investigators so far have not
the investigators with a particu-
Despite the scorn with which
inevitable that those who suspect
larly well-documented example of
Furthermore that experience has
been greatly impressed by the
most scientists look upon the UFO
UFO's are piloted by exotic visi-
a UFO episode. Of particular in-
much in common with many other
photographs.
reports, there are a few who would
tors from another world should as-
terest was its demonstration of
episodes. As with the Air Force
The Condon investigation was
have them taken seriously. Among
sume that thse creatures knew
the unreliable nature of human ob-
inquiries, most UFO's have readily
instigated at the request of the
them is Dr. J. Allen Hynek, direc-
of the investigation and the Ioca-
servation. Despite the great num-
been identified as natural or man-
Air Force, whose handling of the
tor of the observatory at North-
tion of its headquarters.
ber of witnesses-some of them
made phenomena-planets, bal-
UFO's had been questioned. Some
western University in Evanston,
experienced scientists and astrono-
loons, earth satellites and so forth.
said the Air Force did not take
III. Dr. Hynek has been an advi-
Accounts Vary
mers-it was only toward the end
It is also evident that the phenom-
them seriously enough. Others sus-
sor to the Air Force in its UFO
of the investigation (shortly be-
ena leading to such reports are
pected that the truth was being
investigations. Another is Dr.
Indeed, the peculiar lights move
fore the students confessed) that
very diverse. There is no simple
withheld. The Air Force is respon-
James E. McDonald, Professor of
past the 10-story tower of the
the true explanation began to be-
explanation for UFO's as a whole.
sible for checking on possible in-
Meteorology and Climatology at
Joint Institute for Laboratory
come evident.
Any one type of phenomenon ac-
trusions into American air space.
the University of Arizona and a
Astrophysics. It is from the top
counts for only a small percentage
leading authority on cloud physics.
Dr. Condon himself is reluctant
floor of that tower that Dr. Ed-
of the total number of explained
Some Predict Whitewash
He has been conducting his own
ward U. Condon, professor of phys-
to discuss the over-all project un-
episodes.
The fact that the Air Force is
investigation of UFO's and seems
ics and former head of the National
til its official report has been pre-
pared. It is to be reviewed by the
The experts here are prepared to
financing Dr. Condon's inquiry has
prepared to consider the possibili-
Bureau of Standards, directs the
National Academy of Sciences and
use a variety of tests on any con-
led some of those who take the
ty that they are vehicles from
investigation.
may not be made public until a
crete evidence that comes to hand.
reports seriously to prophesy that
another world.
For two days his investigators
For example they can tell from the
his report would be a "whitewash."
While there have been 2 number
year from next summer. However,
interviewed witnesses. The ac-
many details of the investigation
radioactivity of an object whether
There are UFO believers on the
of UFO reports from other coun-
counts varied remarkably, particu-
are known on the university cam-
or not it has recently been in space
campus at Boulder, as there are
tries, no government-sponsored in-
larly with regard to the distance
in other such communities, and Dr.
pus and it appears that no solid
and, if so, for how long. The tech-
vestigations are under way abroad,
of the objects and their size. It
nique has been used extensively in
Condon has been asked at student
50 far as could be learned last
evidence has yet been found to sup-
was reported by at least one source
port the view that any UFO's are
meteorite studies.
gatherings whether his mind was
week.
that, after snooping around for a
However the specialists apparent-
not closed on the subject. He has
piloted by visitors from beyond the
The Condon inquiry has grown
while, the UFO's "whizzed off at
ly have not had much to work on. A
vehemently denied this, arguing
earth.
out of the demand by many Amer-
tremendous speed." This is typical
national magazine recently pub-
that the mind of a scientist should
icans for an authoritative assess-
of many UFO accounts.
Specialists on Hand
lished a photograph of an irregu-
not be closed to anything.
ment. They have been fed so many
Then a sheepish group of stu-
The University of Colorado was
lar patch of discolored sand which
The Air Force has obviously
accounts of sightings, landings and
dents confessed. They had suspend-
chosen because it lies in a com-
was described as claw-like in shape
hoped that the prestige of Dr.
even voyages on board such craft
ed birthday candles below a num-
munity rich in the specialists need-
The magazine quoted a young cou-
Condon, a former president of the,
that they want to know the truth.
ber of plastic bags of the type
ed for such an inquiry. Apart from
ple as saying they were in a parked
American Association for the Ad-
If the one common denominator
used for packaging dry-cleaned
the university, which has a strong
car near by when e saucer-like
vancement of Science, will counter-
of such reports is the frailty of
garments. Hot air from the can-
physics department, there are lab-
craft landed at this spot and then
act any charges that he is aparty
the human mind, as an observing
dies inflated and lifted the bags.
oratories of the Environmental Sci-
took off. While police were investi-
to a conspiracy to Kide the truth.
and remembering device, then they
The candles were part of a device
ence Services Administration with
gating the landing site, the girl,
A few days ago the University
attached to the bags and they pro-
experts in upper air and electrical
of Utah made public a speech by
will want such peculiarities of the
according to this account, screamed
duced the mysterious lights. They
phenomena. There are the astrono-
and said a monstrous creature
Dr. Elie A. Shneour, a molecular
mind documented. The trouble is
burned for 20 minutes-long
mers of the High Altitude Observ-
emerged from the woods and
biologist on its faculty, attacking
that the science of cognition is in
enough to stir up a good deal of
atory and specialists in weather
threatened her.
the Condon project as fruitless.
its infancy and its findings are
sand
has
been
sub-
His theme was that UFO's rep-
not widely known, even among
UFO SIGHTING, PRESQUE ISLE STATE PARK, ERIE, Pennsylvania, JULY 31, 1966
There is no apparent correlation between the four phases of this
sighting: the lights and the alleged black monster observed on the
night of July 31, 1966, and the indentations and damp sandy area found
on the beach on the morning of August 1, 1966.
As yet, there is no explanation of the lights that were observed.
The Smithsonian Institution at Cambridge, Massachusetts, was contacted
for information on any meteors that might have been observed at this time nd
place; their answer was negative. The Park Police and nearby United State
Coast Guard base were contacted for information on any unusual lights over
the area at that time; they also gave a negative report.
Raccoons and bears are known to be in the woods in that area. There
is no evidence to substantiate the presence of a black monster.
PHOTOCOPY FROM GERALD FORD I BRARY
With regard to the three indentations found on the beach, there
is no evidence which indicates that a landing of any type occurred.
This was verified by the Flight Dynamics Laboratory at Wright-Patterson
Air Force Base, Ohio. There vas nothing unusual in the soil sample
except urine. This was verified by the Air Force Materiel Laboratory,
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio.
OFFICE OF THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (PUBLIC AFFAIRS)
WASHINGTON, D, C. 20301
NO. 388-66
OXford 7-5131 (Info.)
IMMEDIATE RELEASE
May 9, 1966
OXford 7-3189 (Copies)
AIR FORCE TO CONTRACT WITH SCIENTISTS
FOR UFO INVESTIGATIONS
The Air Force is taking steps to strengthen scientific investigations
of reports it receives on unidentified flying objects (UFO).
The help of more individuals within the scientific community will be
sought through contracts calling for prompt, in depth investigation of
selected UFO reports. Air Force officials are now discussing the project
informally with university and other scientific leaders to determine their
interest.
The decision to award the contracts was based on a recommendation
by the Air Force Scientific Advisory Board which reviewed the resources,
methods. and findings of Project Blue Book - the Air Force program to
investigate and evaluate UFO reports.
PHOTOCOPY FROM GERALD FORD I BRARY
In its report, which was submitted to the Air Force in March, the
investigating committee recommended expanding the program to include
investigation of selected sightings by independent scientists, The committee
also concluded that there has been no evidence that unidentified flying objects
are a threat to national security, and complimented the Air Force on the
organization of Project Blue Book.
The Air Force is preparing work statements for the new contracts
now. Funds for them will be requested from FY 67 and FY 68 budgets.
- END-
RAVENNA, OHIO
April 17, 1966
Police Chief Gerald Buchert of Mantua, Ohio, and Sheriff
Dale Spaur of Ravenna, Ohio, reported to the Air Force that
they had observed an unidentified flying object at approximately
5:00 on the morning of April 17, 1966.
Mr. Buchert took a picture of the object he observed. He
submitted the negative of the photograph to the Air Force for
analysis. Photoanalysis of the negative indicates that the object
which he tried to photograph does not appear as an image. The two
images which appear on the negative are probably the result of
processing defects due to old fogged film and poor handling.
Mr. Spaur reported that he chased the object for some
PHOTOCOPY FROM GERALD FORD I IBRARY
distance. Since there were no aircraft or balloons in the area
and since no unidentified objects were tracked on radar, the most
probable cause of the sighting was the passage of a satellite over
northeastern Ohio and the planet Venus. As the satellite approached
the southeast portion of the sky, it disappeared, and Mr. Spaur
focused his eyes on the planet Venus. Venus was rising in the
southeast and was at a magnitude of -3.9 which would be brighter
than any star in the sky.
EXETER, NEW HAMPSHIRE
3 SEPTEMBER 1965
One observer (Muscarello) was hitch-hiking on Route 150 at 0200 hours
when a group of five bright red lights appeared over a house about 100 feet
from where he was standing. The lights were in a line at about a 60° angle
and they were so bright they lit up the area. Only one light would be on at
a time. Observer watched these lights for approximately 15 minutes when
they finally disappeared behind some trees and seemed to go into a field. At
one time the objects came so close that observer jumped into a ditch to keep
from being hit. Observer caught a ride to Exeter Police Station and reported
what he had seen.
Second observer (Bertrand) arrived at Police Station after consoling a
PHOTOCOPY FROM GERALD FORD I BRARY
lady in a car who claimed a light had been following her and stopped over her
car. Bertrand and Muscarello left for the area where Muscarello had seen
lights. After arriving in the area a group of five bright lights came from
behind a group of trees. These lights were extremely bright and flashed one
at a time. The lights started to move around over the field. At one time the
lights came so close Bertrand fell to the ground and started to draw his gun.
The lights were so bright Bertrand was unable to make out any distinct form.
There was no sound or vibration but the farm animals nearby were upset and
making a lot of noise. When the lights started coming near again, Muscarello
and Bertrand ran for the car.
Third observer (Hunt) arrived after having been called by Bertrand.
Hunt also observed the lights which were still over the field but not so close
as before. The lights moved out across the field at an estimated altitude
of 100 feet and finally disappeared in the distance at the same altitude.
The lights were always in line at about 60° angle. When the object moved
the lower lights were always forward of the others. Total time that the
lights were in the area was approximately two hours.
COMMENTS
The general description of flashing lights is consistent with previous
reports of aircraft, refueling operations or low level photographic missions.
An investigation was made as to the possibility of aircraft in the area at the
time of the observation. Results of the investigation indicated that an 8th
Air Force operation "Big Blast" was conducted in the New England area and B-47
aircraft from Pease AFB between 0044 and 0135 local time. The crews were
PHOTOCOPY FROM GERALD FORD I BRARY
questioned and they reported no unusual sightings during the time period of
the unidentified flying object report. Although several reports were noted,
the only report submitted to the Air Force for evaluation, was the observation
made by the police officers and Muscarello.
The preliminary impression was that an aircraft from "Big Blast" was
the cause of the lights. These aircraft were in the traffic pattern over
Exeter between 0044 and 0135, which does not correspond to the time of the
observation. Since no aircraft can be placed in the area at 0200 hours the
case is listed as unidentified by the Air Force.
2
BROOKSVILLE, FLORIDA
2 MARCH 1965
The alleged landing of a spacecraft at Brooksville, Florida,
on 2 March 1965, was apparently a hoax according to information
obtained by Air Force investigators from MacDill AFB, Florida,
and by Dr. C. W. Bemiss, Pan American Airways technical staff
member of the Eastern Test Range, who conducted an additional
investigation.
The report submitted to the Air Force investigators by the
alleged eyewitness contained several statements which cannot be
confirmed as facts.
1. The spacecraft allegedly took off straight up at 5000
miles per hour and was out of sight in ten seconds. It is
extremely doubtful that a twenty to thirty-foot object could
have been seen for more than five seconds at which time the
object would have reached an altitude of 36,430 feet.
2. The blast-off from a vehicle taking off at this speed
would have disturbed the sand and soil in the immediate area.
There was no evidence of any abnormal disturbance in the area.
3. The sketch of the alleged spacecraft showed four stilt
poles which protruded at an angle as the landing gear. The holes
which were purportedly caused by the landing gear were straight
and appeared to have been scooped or dug as opposed to indentations
caused by an object of any sizeable weight. See attachment 1.
PHOTOCOPY FROM GERALD FORD I BRARY
4. There was no radioactivity in the area.
5. Two papers which contained unreadable hieroglyphics were
reported dropped by an occupant of the spacecraft. An analysis
of the papers was made by the Institute of Paper Chemistry in
Appleton, Wisconsin. This analysis indicated that the paper is
composed of fibers which are common worldwide. The fiber composition
corresponds to that used in lens and stencil papers.
6. The hieroglyphics on one of the papers was deciphered by
means of simple substitution and was determined to be the work of
an amateur. The deciphered hieroglyphics reads as follows: "Planet
Mars - Are you coming home soon - We miss you very much - Why did you
stay away too long". See attachment 2.
Since no other implications were apparent, it was not feasible
for the Air Force to expend further time and money in deciphering the
second sheet. Based on the above, it is the opinion of the Air Force
that an attempt was made to perpetrate a hoax.
103
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PHOTOCOPY FROM GERALD FORD I BRARY
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PHOTOCOPY FROM GERALD FORD I BRARY
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Note decipherment of this sheet.
PHOTOCOPY FROM GERALD FORD I BRARY
UNIDENTIFIED FLYING OBJECT REPORT
SOCORRO, NEW MEXICO, 24 APRIL 1964
On April 24, 1964, a Socorro, New Mexico policeman, Mr Lonnie Zamora, reported
sighting an object about a mile south of the town at approximately 5:45 pm, in an
unpopulated area full of hills and gullies and covered with sagebrush. Following
is a summary of his report to Air Force investigators:
Mr Zamora reported that while chasing a speeding car north on US 85, he heard a roar
and saw flames in an area where a dynamite shack was known to be located. He aban-
doned chase of the auto and proceeded to where he believed an explosion had occurred.
After traveling a little-used road and experiencing considerable difficulty in trying
to drive his car up a gravel-covered hill, he said he then observed what he thought
was an overturned car standing on end. At this point he was about 800 ft distant
from the object and his car was at the crest of a hill with the object ahead of him
in a gully. He reported that during this first glance he saw one or two figures in
coveralls whom he assumed to be occupants of the object. This is the only time he
saw these figures; he did not see them again. After radioing to Police Headquarters
at Socorro that he was proceeding to investigate what he believed to be an auto
accident, he drove to a point about 150 ft from the gully where the object rested
and stopped the car to proceed on foot. He said the object was white, egg or oval-
shaped and apparently supported on girderlike legs. He said he heard a roar and saw
smoke and flame coming from the bottom of the object. At this point, Mr Zamora be-
lieved that the object was about to explode and he became frightened, turned, and
PHOTOCOPY FROM GERALD FORD I BRARY
ran to shield himself behind the police car, bumping his leg and losing his glasses
on the way. He said that he crouched down, shielding his eyes with his arm while the
noise stopped and he glanced up. He reported that the object had risen to a point
about 15-20 ft above the ground and the flame and smoke had ceased. At this point, he
reported, he noted a design on the object which he described as markings in red about
1 to 1 & ft in height, shaped like a crescent with a vertical arrow and horizontal line
underneath. He stated that the object remained stationary for several seconds and
then flew off in a southerly direction following the contour of the gully.
Within moments afterward, Sgt Chavez of the New Mexico State Police arrived on the
scene in response to Mr Zamora's earlier radio call. He observed no object, but he
reported that there were some slight depressions in the ground and apparently burned
brush in the area where Mr Zamora had reported seeing the object. The brush was
cold to the touch. Sgt Chavez reported the incident to local military authorities
who conducted the initial investigation.
The Air Force sent investigators from their project office at Wright-Patterson AFB,
Ohio. The investigation disclosed the following facts:
No other witnesses to the object reported by Mr Zamora could be located.
There were no unidentified helicopters or aircraft in the area.
Observers at radar installations had observed no unusual or unidentified blips.
There was no unusual meteorological activity; no thunderstorms. The weather
was windy but clear.
There was no evidence of markings of any sort in the area other than the
shallow depressions at the location where Mr Zamora reported sighting the
object.
Laboratory analysis of soil samples disclosed no foreign material or radiation
above normal for the surrounding area.
Laboratory analysis of the burned brush showed no chemicals which would
indicate a type of propellant.
There was no evidence presented that the object was extraterrestrial in origin
or represented a threat to the security of the United States.
The Air Force is continuing its investigation and the case is still open.
For several days following this report, other sightings were reported in the New
Mexico area. In each case the sighting was determined to be a known object or
natural phenomena. Two of the reports were determined to be hoaxes.
PHOTOCOPY FROM GERALD FORD I BRARY
2
UFO SIGHTING OVER PENNSYLVANIA
Captain P W Killian
24 February 1959
Departing Newark 1910 arriving Detroit 2252.
It was approximately 2045 when I noticed these three lights off my left wing
in the vicinity of Bradford, Pennsylvania. I was flying 8,500 VFR on top of
broken clouds. Visibility was unlimited with no upper clouds observed. It
was extremely difficult to ascertain the distance of the lights. The color
of the lights was from a yellow to a light orange. The intensity of the lighter
also changed from dim to a bright brilliant. Sometimes the interval of the
three lights was identical to the Belt in the constellation Orion. Occasion-
ally the rear lights lagged somewhat behind. Also changed altitudes. During
the 40 minutes of observation, the three lights occasionally came forward from
a 9 o'clock position to an 11 o'clock position and then fell back to the ori-
ginal 9 o'clock position. Also, occasionally the lights extinguished complete
ly alternating from one to another, sometimes the whole three were extinguished
and during this whole operation, as I mentioned before, the lights changed in
intensity. This action was not only seen by myself but four crew members and
passengers on board and also by two other airplanes in the area.
The only possible explanation, other than flying saucers, could be a jet tanker
refueling operation. Never having witnessed refueling operations at night, I
PHOTOCOPY FROM GERALD FORD I BRARY
am not aware of the lighting of the jet tanker.
My air speed during this complete flight was 250 knots indicated. I also do
not know the air speed of tankers during operation if this could be SO. I
contacted ATC to find out if they had any airplanes on a clearance and no three
airplanes were given.
In summary it was difficult for me to believe they were jets because of low
speed and configuration. If they weren't jets I still don't know anymore than
I did before, even though I watched them for 40 minutes before. Due to the
dark and strong lights I was not able to ascertain any size or shape. The alti-
tude of the objects was 30 degrees above my horizon. Distance away is unknown.
A check was made with the aircraft support systems project office, Wright-
Patterson AFB, to determine the characteristics of a night refueling operation.
The tanker has several groups of lights which at a distance would appear to be
one or more lights. The time duration of a refueling operation varies, can last
well over an hour, depending upon the type of operation. Refueling would take
place at approximately 17,000 feet and approximately 230 knots true.
During the investigation the Air Force determined that there were three B-47's
in the area of Capt Killian's flight path during the hour of the sighting.
These B-47's were on a night refueling mission.
All evidence indicates that Capt Killian probably saw a B-47 refueling operation.
THE KINROSS INCIDENT
23 November 1953
This incident was not reported to ATIC as a UFO sighting and
therefore we have no case file. Due to the great amount of
public interest in this incident ATIC contacted the Flying Safety
Division at Norton AFB, California for information pertaining to
this aircraft accident. It was determined from Norton AFB that
the F-89 was scrambled to intercept an unidentified aircraft
which was successfully accomplished. The aircraft was reported
in as a Dakota (Canadian C-47). From the time that the F-89
started to return to base nothing of what happened is definitely
known. It is presumed by the officials at Norton AFB that the
pilot probably suffered from vertigo and crashed into the lake.
The wreckage has never been recovered.
This case is carried in Air Force Aircraft Accident Records.
PHOTOCOPY FROM GERALD FORD I BRARY
WASHINGTON, D C SIGHTINGS
19/20 and 26/27 July 1952
On 19/20 and 26/27 July 1952, a great amount of excitement was generated
in the Nation's Capitol due to sightings of unidentified flying objects,
both visually and on radar. Most of the sightings occurred between mid-
night and dawn. The objects were picked up by more than one radar in
the Washington area and were reported to have speeds on the order of
7500 miles per hour. Jet intercepts were unsuccessfully attempted.
FTD reports contained unconfirmed information that the President of the
United States had taken an active interest in the sightings.
Visual sightings were reported by both ground and airborne witnesses.
The descriptions by the witnesses were generally the same. The objects
were described as changing from orange to green and back to red. The
numbers varied from one to six, with no apparent set formation. Three
objects were reported to have left trails. The motions of the objects
for the most part appeared erratic. In some instances the objects were
described as meteors.
Unfortunately the only day for which weather data was obtained was for
26 July 1952. The data on this day showed that there was a temperature
inversion at 800 feet and at 4000 feet.
The radar porition of this report was analyzed by the Electronic Division
of FTD. It was concluded that the radar sightings were probably due
to anomalous propagation; sometimes referred to as "bending", "ducting,"
"guided propagation," "tapping" or "super refraction" of the radar
PHOTOCOPY FROM GERALD FORD I BRARY
electromagnetic wave; the inversions and moisture conditions being re-
sponsible for the unusual functioning of the radar. The "ducting,"
"tapping," etc, being responsible for detecting ground targets which
are not normally seen. Bending of the radar waves, 50 that ground tar-
gets were not giving "solid" returns for every antenna sweep, thereby
caused the misinterpretation that what were probably stationary ground
targets were in motion.
As to the visual sightings, these individuals were probably experiencing
the same effects as the radar (mirage), and were seeing objects normally
beyond their range of vision. There is also the possibility of incon-
sistencies in the layers of air of different temperature causing lenses
of air which resulted in distortion of some of the lower stars. It is
significant to note that all instances where it could be determined the
altitude of the airborne witnesses was approximately 4000 feet, the level
of the higher inversion layer. Sightings of meteors coupled with the normal
excitement of the witnesses also contributed to this sighting.
The FTD conclusion is that the radar and visual sightings on 26 July 1952
were due to the mirage effects created by a double inversion. It is also
concluded that since the circumstances of 19/20 and 27 July 1952 parallel
to those of 26 July 1952, that similar conditions existed and that the
sightings were due to the same cause.
THE MANTELL CASE
7 January 1948
On 7 January 1948, at 1320 (1:20 pm) hours, the tower crew at
Godman Field, Kentucky sighted 8 bright disc shaped object which
they were unable to identify. The presence of this object was
brought to the attention of the Base Operations Officer, Base
Intelligence Officer, and eventuallythe Base Commander, but the
object remained unidentified. At 1445 (2:45 pm), a flight of
five P-51's flew over Godman Field. The object was still visible,
and the Flight Commander was requested to investigate and attempt
to determine the nature of the UFO if his mission allowed. The
Flight Commander, Captain Mantell, stated he was on a ferry mission,
but would investigate. Captain Mantell then started a spiraling
climb to 15,000 feet, then continued to climb on a heading of 220°,
the approximate direction of the UFO from Godman Field. At 15,000
feet the wing men turned back because they were not completely
outfitted for flights requiring oxygen. The wing men attempted
to contact Captain Mantell by radio but were unsuccessful. Captain
Mantell made a transmission at 15,000 feet to the effect that he
had the object in sight, and was still climbing to investigate.
The 15,000 foot transmission was the last known of Captain Mantell.
It is the ATIC opinion that Captain Mantell lost consciousness due
PHOTOCOPY FROM GERALD FORD I BRARY
to oxygen starvation, the aircraft being trimmed continued to climb
until increasing altitude caused a sufficient loss of power for it
to level out. The aircraft then began a turn to the left due to torque
and as the wing dropped 80 did the nose until the aircraft was in a
tight diving spiral. The uncontrolled descent resulted in excessive
speed causing the aircraft to disintegrate. It is believed that
Captain Mantell never regained consciousness. This is borne out
by the fact that the canopy lock was still in place after the crash,
discounting any attempt to abandon the aircraft. The UFO was in no
way directly responsible for this accident. However, it is probable
that the excitement caused by the object was responsible for this
experienced pilot conducting a high altitude flight without the
necessary oxygen equipment.
There were two conceptions as to the identity of the object; Verrus, one
of the brightest objects in our heavens, or a large balloon used for
high altitude experimental flights and known as "sky hooks". These
balloons fly at altitudes in excess of 60,000 feet and reach dismeters
of approximately 100 feet.
During the period of this sighting the Navy was conducting a program
utilizing "sky hook" balloons. The Navy program was classified at this
time and therefore these balloon flights were known only to those with
a "need-to-know". It was subsequently determined that on the date of
the Godman sighting a balloon was released by the Navy from Clinton
County airport in Ohio. The release time of the balloon was related to
a wind plot for 7 January 1948, and it revealed that the balloon would
have been in the area of Godman at the time of the sighting.
On 7 January 1948, at the time of the sighting, Venus was also in a
directional position which coincided with that of the UFO. This planet's
angular distance from the sun was rather small, but bright enough to
be seen in the daytime. It is possible that Venus was also a cause to
this sighting, and was observed by some of the witnesses on the ground.
However, the prime culprit is believed to have been the sky hook balloon
released by the Navy. Captain Mantell was attempting to close in on this
balloon which was still more than 40,000 ft above him.
It is the Air Force conclusion in this case that Venus was probably the
original cause of the sighting since the object remained in the area for
a long period of time and was relatively stationary. Theobject pursued
by Captain Mantell is believed to have been the sky hook balloon, and
this object was probably seen by other witnesses who described the object
as pear shaped and metallic.
PHOTOCOPY FROM GERALD FORD I BRARY
2
MT RANIER, WASHINGTON
24 June 1947
On 24 June 1947 at 1400 Mr. Kenneth Arnold took off from the Chehalis, Washington
Airport in his personal plane and headed for Yakima, Washington. Mr. Arnold's trip
was delayed for an hour in search of a large marine transport that supposedly went
down near or around the southwest side of Mt. Ranier. After take-off Mr. Arnold
flew directly toward Mt. Ranier at an altitude of approximately 9,500 feet, which
is the approximate elevation of the high plateau from which Mt. Ranier rises. He
made one sweep of this high plateau to the westward, searching all of the various
ridges for the marine ship and flew to the west near the ridge side of the canyon
where Ashford, Washington is located. Unable to see anything that looked like the
lost plane, Mr. Arnold made a 360 degree turn to the right above the town of
Mineral, starting again toward Mt. Ranier and climbing to an altitude of 9,200 feet.
Mr. Arnold reported that the air was so smooth that it was a real pleasure flying,
and, as most pilots do when the air is smooth and they are at a higher altitude,
he trimmed out the aircraft and simply sat in his plane observing the sky and terrain.
Mr. Arnold reported that there was a DC-4 to his left and rear at approximately
14,000 feet. The sky was reported to be as clear as crystal. He hadn't flown more
than two or three minutes on his course when a bright flash reflected on his air-
plane. He couldn't find where the reflection came from, but to the left and north
of Mt. Ranier he did observe a chain of nine peculiar looking objects flying from
north to south at approximately 9,500 feet. They were approaching Mt. Ranier very
rapidly, and he assumed that they were jet aircraft. Every few seconds two or three
of the objects would dip or change course slightly, just enough for the sun to strike
them at an angle and reflect brightly. The objects being quite far away, he was unable
to make out their shape or formation. As they approached Mt. Ranier he observed their
outline quite clearly. Mr. Arnold stated that he found it very peculiar that he
couldn't find their tails but assumed they were some type of jet aircraft. The objects
PHOTOCOPY FROM GERALD FORD BRARY
were observed to pass the southern edge of Mt. Ranier flying directly south to south-
east down the hog's back of a mountain range. The elevation of the objects was
estimated to have varied approximately one thousand feet one way or another but
remained very near the horizon, which would indicate that they were near the same
elevation as the witness. Mr. Arnold stated that the objects flew like geese, in a
rather diagonal chain-like line as if they were linked together. They seemed to hold
a definite direction but swerved in and out of the high mountain peaks. The witness
estimated the distance between him and the objects to be approximately 25 miles. Using
a Zeus fastener, or cowling tool, he estimated the size of the objects to be approxi-
mately two thirds that of a. DC-4. He observed the UFO's passing a high snow covered
ridge in between Mt. Ranier and Mt. Adams and reported that as the first object was
passing the south crest of this ridge the last one was entering the northern crest of
the ridge. Later measurement of length of this particular ridge revealed it was
approximately five miles, so it was estimated the chain of objects was five miles long.
Mr. Arnold timed the objects between Mt. Ranier and Mt. Adams and determined they
crossed this 47 miles in one minute and forty-two seconds. This is equivilant to
1656.71 miles per hour.
In a subsequent interview Mr. Arnold described the objects as appearing like
saucers skipping on water. This description was shortened to "Flying Saucers" by
newspaper men and resulted in the popular use of this term.
It is the Air Force conclusion that the objects of this sighting were due to a
mirage. Mr. Arnold's statement concerning how smooth and crystal clear the air
was is an indication of very stable conditions which are associated with inversions,
and increase the refraction index of the atmosphere.