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1974/10/26 S3234 Solar Energy Research Development
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1974/10/26 S3234 Solar Energy Research Development
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The original documents are located in Box 11, folder "1974/10/26 S3234 Solar Energy
Research Development and Demonstration" of the White House Records Office:
Legislation Case Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
Copyright Notice
The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of
photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald R. Ford donated to the United
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Exact duplicates within this folder were not digitized.
Digitized from Box 11 of the White House Records Office Legislation Case Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
APPROVED OCT
OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20503
OCT 2 3 1974
MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT
Subject: Enrolled Bill S. 3234 - Solar Energy Research,
Posted
Development and Demonstration
Sponsors - Sen. Humphrey (D) Minnesota and 11 others
80/01
Last Day for Action
Jo aschie 10/29
October 29, 1974 - Tuesday
Purpose
S. 3234 establishes a Solar Energy Coordination and Management
Project to conduct research, and to demonstrate the commercial
use of several solar energy technologies.
Agency Recommendations
Office of Management and Budget
Approval
Federal Power Commission
Approval
Atomic Energy Commission
Approval
Federal Energy Administration
Approval
National Science Foundation
No objection
Department of Housing and Urban
GERALD ? FORD
Development
No objection
Department of the Interior
No objection
Department of Commerce
No objection
National Aeronautics and Space
Administration
No objection
Discussion
Solar energy is broadly defined in the bill as energy recently
originating from the sun including: direct and indirect solar
radiation and intermediate forms of energy such as wind, sea
thermal gradients (differentials in ocean temperatures)
photosynthetic processes (converting light to other forms of
2
energy), and conversion of organic wastes to synthetic fuels.
In the findings portion of the bill, it states that research,
demonstration and development of clean, renewable, and econo-
mically feasible energy alternatives are particularly important
in this period of depleting supplies of conventional energy
resources. The findings portion of the bill further states
that the Federal investment in developing clean and renewable
energy alternatives may reach or exceed $1 billion.
Recognition of the growing interest in solar energy research
and development was reflected in the recent enactment of the
Solar Heating and Cooling Demonstration Act of 1974, which
authorized a coordinated program to develop and demonstrate
economically feasible solar heating and cooling systems.
S. 3234 would go beyond heating and cooling to much broader
applications. To carry out its broad purposes, the enrolled
bill would establish a Solar Energy Coordination and Manage-
ment Project (Project) -- whose functions would be transferred
to the Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA)
within 60 days of the effective date of the Act establishing
that agency. The bill would also authorize the Project to
conduct demonstrations of new categories of solar or solar-
related energy.
The Project would be comprised of six members -- one at the
assistant secretary or comparable level from each of five
agencies plus one member appointed by the President. The
President would be authorized to designate any member to serve
as Chairman. The Project -- and ultimately ERDA -- would have
the authority to determine the extent of resources available,
to conduct research, and to develop and demonstrate new
technologies.
The enrolled bill provides that the Project shall establish over-
all management and coordination for a national solar energy re-
search and development and demonstration program, and that in
carrying out the program the Project shall cooperate with other
Federal agencies which shall specialize in particular areas
including:
-- NSF - research
-- NASA - management and development of technologies
-- AEC - development of technologies
3
-- HUD - heating and cooling of buildings
-- FPC - generation of electricity and production of
synthetic fuels
More specifically, the bill would provide that the Chairman
shall, acting in cooperation with or acting through other
agencies:
-- prepare a comprehensive program definition of
an integrated effort for developing solar energy.
$2 million is authorized to be appropriated to
NSF to be made available during fiscal year 1975
for this purpose
-- initiate a program to assess the state of
solar energy resources on both a national
and a regional basis. This would include
developing advanced instruments for col-
lecting, evaluating, and disseminating
data as well as predicting future resource
availability. A part of the program would
involve developing an inventory of as many
forms of solar energy resources as possible
-- initiate a research and development program
designed to make commercial use of various
forms of solar energy technically feasible
in the United States. The problems and the
forms of technology shall include:
(1) direct solar heating for industrial use
(2) thermal energy conversion to electricity
(3) cellulose and organic waste conversion
to electricity
(4) photovoltaic energy and other direct con-
version processes
(5) windpower energy
(6) energy storage
4
initiate a target program to design, construct,
and demonstrate solar energy facilities or power
plants to produce both electricity (on the order
of one to ten megawatts each) in each technological
area and commercial quantities of synthetic fuels.
The bill would authorize the Chairman to either
contract through appropriate Federal agencies or
to act alone to develop, construct, and operate
demonstration plants under certain specified
criteria. The bill would further authorize the
respective agencies to dispose by sale or lease of
their financial interests in such plants at the
conclusion of the demonstration phases of the
projects
establish and operate a Solar Energy Informa-
tion Data Bank. A less extensive bank was
established under the Solar Heating and Cooling
Demonstration Act in HUD, but the transfer of
this responsibility under that Act to ERDA was
unclear and this bill will assure transfer of
that function to ERDA
support programs of science and engineering
education in the solar technology area through
fellowships, technical training programs, and
summer institute programs
establish a Solar Energy Research Institute to
perform research and development functions
related to this Act. Such institute could be
part of existing Federal laboratories and
encourage international agreements for scienti-
fic cooperation by cooperating or participating
jointly with other nations in research, infor-
mation exchange, and other such related activities.
The bill would authorize appropriations of $75 million for fiscal
year 1976. Whether or not this authorization will be utilized
will necessarily depend on the budgetary planning for all ERDA
programs.
While individual agencies would be responsible operationally for
particular projects, the enrolled bill would establish an overall
coordinating and managing body for a national solar energy re-
search, development, and demonstration program with the objective
of initiating an aggressive and comprehensive program to develop
economically and technically feasible applications of solar energy.
5
The enactment of law on October 11, 1974 establishing ERDA makes
much of this bill moot although there are specific program
responsibilities which would be created by this bill and would
be taken into account as the ERDA structure is developed. The
ERDA law takes effect within 120 days of enactment, and the
functions vested in Federal agencies under this bill are to
be transferred to ERDA not later than 60 days after that.
Although this bill is effective when signed, with one exception,
all of the funds for the Project are authorized for fiscal year
1976. The exception is NSF which would be authorized $2 million
for the comprehensive program definition referred to above. The
effect'of the timing of the appropriation would be to have the
transfer to ERDA effected before any funds are authorized for
the Project beyond the NSF research funds.
The enrolled bill had been intended to focus attention on and
increase efforts directed toward the solar energy field in
anticipation of the establishment of the more comprehensive
energy program contemplated by ERDA. With the enactment of
ERDA, this bill has only marginal effect on already existing
authority combined with the ERDA authority.
Neefred H. Ronemel
Assistant Director for
Legislative Reference
Enclosures
THE WHITE HOUSE
ACTION
WASHINGTON
Last Day - October 29
October 25, 1974
MEMORANDUM FOR:
THE PRESIDENT
FROM:
KEN COLE
SUBJECT:
Enrolled Bill S. 3234
Solar Energy Research, De-
velopment and Demonstration
Attached for your consideration is Senate bill, S. 3234,
sponsored by Senator Humphrey, which establishes a Solar
Energy Coordination and Management Project to conduct
research, and to demonstrate the commercial use of
several solar energy technologies.
Roy Ash recommends approval and provides you with addi-
tional background information in his enrolled bill report
(Tab A).
The Counsel's office (Chapman), Bill Timmons and Domestic
Council all recommend approval.
RECOMMENDATION
That you sign Senate bill, S. 3234 (Tab B).
FEDERAL POWER COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20426
OCT 18 1974
ENROLLED BILL
S. 3234 - 93d Congress
Honorable Roy L. Ash
Director, Office of Management and Budget
Executive Office of the President
Washington, D. C. 20503
Attention: Mrs. Louise Garziglia
Legislative Reference Division
Room 7201, New Executive Office Building
Dear Mr. Ash:
This is in response to Mr. Rommel's request of October 15,
1974, for this Commission's views on S. 3234, an Enrolled Bill,
the "Solar Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration
Act of 1974".
The Commission is in agreement with the basic goals and the
structural framework for the management of solar research and
development provided in this bill. In light of its assessment
of the shortages which exist in gas and electric supplies, the
Commission has long advocated the need for development and
utilization of solar energy as one of the new environmentally
acceptable energy forms, for the coordination of solar research
within the Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA),
and for the commercial utilization of the results of solar
research.
On July 30, 1974, before the Subcommittee on Energy, of
the House Committee on Science and Astronautics, I commented
more specifically on a similar proposal, H.R. 15612 (statement
enclosed).
REVOLUTION
AMERICAN
BICENTENNIAL
1776-1976
Honorable Roy L. Ash
- 2 -
Section 17 of the Enrolled Bill limits the amount of
expenditures to be appropriated through the fiscal year
ending June 30, 1976, after which subsequent sums are to be
authorized by Congress. This provision allows the priorities
for solar research to be defined so that before extremely
large financial outlays are appropriated, government expendi-
tures can be concentrated in areas which will warrant
eventual private involvement.
The Commission has no objection to having one of its
members serve on the Solar Energy Project or in any other
similar capacity to assist the Project in carrying out its
responsibilities as long as the participation of FPC personnel
is within the Commission's discretion. This Commission is
small and our workload is intense. It is essential that
the use of our vital manpower be consistent with the
Commission's statutory responsibilities.
Accordingly, the Commission supports the enactment of
the Enrolled Bill.
Sincerely,
John N. Nassikas
Chairman
Enclosure:
Statement before the
Subcommittee on Energy,
House Committee on Science and
Astronautics, July 30, 1974
STATEMENT OF JOHN N. NASSIKAS
CHAIRMAN, FEDERAL POWER COMMISSION
BEFORE THE
SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENERGY
COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND ASTRONAUTICS
UNITED STATES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
JULY 30, 1974
Mr. Chairman, I am pleased to present my comments
on your pending proposal, H. R. 15612, the "Solar Energy
Research, Development and Demonstration Act of 1974.'
As noted in your letter of July 18, 1974, the objective
of the program this bill would establish is "to bring
to commercial demonstration as soon as possible a broad
spectrum of solar energy technologies." I share your
view of the importance and the urgency of this proposal.
Our current reliance on non-renewable fossil fuel
resources must be displaced by new, inexhaustible,
environmentally acceptable energy forms and technologies.
Solar energy is among the most promising of these new
energy forms and I support this legislation's
emphasis on its expedited development and
- 3 -
- 2 -
Power Commission, an Associate Administrator of the
commercial utilization.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the
Your letter of invitation to appear at this hearing
General Manager of the Atomic Energy Commission. The
specifically requested my views on (1) the administrative
purpose of the Project would be to carry out the
structure provided for in the bill to implement solar
Congressional policy of a "vigorous and adequately
R&D efforts; (2) the adequacy of the bill's approach to
funded program of resource assessment, research and
the funding of solar R&D; and (3) the steps necessary to
development, and demonstrations, with the objective of
achieve the bill's emphasis on commercial utilization of
utilizing solar energy as a major source for our national
the results of solar research. I will, therefore, con-
energy needs." ($3) The Project would have the exclusive
centrate on these aspects of the bill.
authority to establish programs or projects under the Act,
Administrative Structure
but the programs would be carried out by the National
H. R. 15612 would establish a Solar Energy Coordination
Science Foundation, NASA and the AEC. Upon establishment
and Management Project, composed of the Administrator of
of the Energy Research and Development Administration, or an
the Federal Energy Administration (who would act as
equivalent agency, the National Science Foundation,
Chairman of the Project), an Assistant Director of the
NASA and AEC functions would be transferred to it.
National Science Foundation, an Assistant Secretary of
I am in basic agreement with the bill's framework
Housing and Urban Development, a member of the Federal
for the management of solar research and development,
- 4 -
- 5 -
especially the placing of ultimate management responsibility
R&D bills, should go forward on an expedited basis.
in the Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA)
Therefore, I endorse your proposal to create without further
if and when it is created. In testimony before this Committee
delay a Solar Energy Coordination and Management Project
in May of 1973 and again in my February 6, 1974 state-
under the leadership of a policy group of Federal officials
ment to this Committee on geothermal legislation, 2/ I
intimately familiar with the energy and energy research
emphasized that it is essential that we unify the presently
needs of the Nation. I also support the bill's selection
fragmented energy related activities of the Federal govern-
of the National Science Foundation, NASA and the AEC as
ment. In the area of energy research and development, I
the agencies best equipped to move forward on solar R&D
believe the Administration's proposal to establish ERDA
projects under the management leadership of the Federal
should be enacted and that that agency should manage
officials designated as the members of the Project. These
and coordinate all energy R&D programs.
agencies have the facilities, the experience, and the
In the interim, however, pending the creation of
staff expertise to devise and implement necessary solar
ERDA I share your belief, Mr. Chairman, that action on
R&D programs.
essential R&D programs, such as your geothermal and solar
In effect, the bill provides for management by a
1/ Hearings before the Subcommittee on Energy, Committee
committee of officials with full time responsibilities
on Science and Astronautics, House of Representatives
on the Assessment of the Energy Problem and Implications
in other agencies of Government. Were it not for the
for Energy R&D, May 17, 1973.
interim nature of this management arrangement (pending
Hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy Committee on
Science and Astronautics, House of Represnetatives on
HR 11212 "Geothermal Energy Research, Development and
Commercial Demonstration Act of 1973," February 6, 1974.
- 6 -
- 7 -
Also, during the period when the Project is exercising
creation of ERDA) I would not endorse this aspect of the
the management responsibilities under the bill it should
bill because I do not believe that effective policy can
be clear on the face of the legislation that the collective
be formulated and administered in this manner on a per-
management responsibilities specified in §5 are in fact
manent basis. A matter as important as energy R&D requires
being exercised on a collective basis. Sections 12, 13,
full time administration such as ERDA will provide.
14, 15, 17 and 18 depart from the earlier provisions of the
While the bill expressly states in §16 that the
bill in that they appear to delegate extensive individual
functions of the National Science Foundation and NASA will
responsibilities to the Chairman of the Project independent
be transferred to ERDA within sixty days of the date
of the collective membership of the Project. Since presumably
on which ERDA is established, it is silent with respect
these sections are not intended to depart from the explicit
to the continued existence of the management group, the
designation of a management committee in $5, they should
Solar Energy Coordination and Management Project. I
be clarified to indicate that the functions and responsi-
believe it should be expressly provided that the Project
bilities prescribed in those sections are the collective
will be terminated upon ERDA's assumption of the solar
responsibility of the Project membership.
R&D responsibilities of the National Science Foundation,
I would like to offer one final point with respect to
NASA and the AEC. It would, in my view, be inconsistent
the bill's administrative structure. Section 5(d) (1)
with the fundamental purpose of centralizing energy R&D
specifies that the Project shall discharge its responsi-
authority in ERDA to retain the Project and its management
bilities in cooperation with five specific agencies,
oversight responsibilities.
3/ Similarly, while I. support the provision in §13 for the
creation of a Solar Energy Information Data Bank I think
it should be clearly provided that if a centralized Energy
Data Bank is established as now proposed the Solar Data
Bank would be incorporated within it.
- 9 -
- 8 -
Chairman of the FPC to determine when such delegation of
including the Federal Power Commission. Subsection 5(d) (2)
staff is consistent with our statutory responsibilities
states that "[u]pon request of the Project, the head of
and priorities.
any such agency [including the FPC] shall detail or assign,
Funding Solar R&D
on a reimbursable basis or otherwise, any of the personnel
It is well recognized that the cost of solar energy
of such agency to the Project to assist it in carrying
R&D, particularly its adaptation to the commercial pro-
out its responsibilities under this Act." This provision
duction of electric power, will require extremely large
could be construed to deny the head of an affected agency
financial outlays. Dr. Dixy Lee Ray's R&D report recommends
such as the FPC of the right to exercise discretion in the
a Federal expenditure of $200 million for solar R&D for FY
assignment of personnel to the Project. It should be made
1975-1979, 4/ and the National Science Foundation budget for FY
clear in the bill that the assignment of personnel is with-
1975 provides $50 million for solar research.
in the discretion of the agency involved. The workload on
The Technical Advisory Committee on R&D of the FPC's
our Commission, for example, is intense and I believe I
current National Power Survey has recommended the ex-
must have the discretion to decide when and on what
penditure of $885 million for solar energy R&D over the
terms we can spare our staff members for other activities.
next ten years. Table 1 contains the Advisory Committee's
I hasten to add that I would cooperate with the Project
specific solar R&D funding recommendations by program
to the fullest extent possible in all respects, including
priorities, funding sources, total program costs, duration
the delegation of FPC personnel to assist in the Project's
The Nation's Energy Future, A Report to Richard M. Nixon,
President of the United States, submitted by Dr. Dixy
work, but it is essential to my responsibilities as
Lee Ray, Chairman AEC, 1 December 1973.
- 11 -
- 10 -
be concentrated in those areas where the amount of required
and end product.
investment is so large or the risks of commercial success
In addition, as you noted in your June 27, 1974
are so speculative so as not to warrant substantial private in-
statement to the Senate Interior Committee on S.3234,
vestment as a matter of management responsibility. For example,
the Solar Energy Research Act of 1974, the $600 million
there are areas of solar R&D that are long-range in scope,
figure for an initial six-year solar R&D effort provided
such as central-station solar power generation. Therefore,
for in that bill is also a reasonable estimate of the
the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), the electric
level of funding required.
utility industry's R&D organization, has thus far not
Ultimately, I believe hundreds of millions will be
concentrated its efforts in this area. On the other hand, the
well invested in solar R&D programs. For the moment,
application of solar energy to space heating and cooling
however, I support your concept in H.R. 15612 to provide
is a fairly well-proven technology and because commercial
for an initial $2 million appropriation for the preparation
utilization is a strong near-term possibility private
of a comprehensive solar R&D program definition in fiscal
enterprise can and should be expected to provide a sub-
1975 with future funding levels contingent on the results
stantial portion of the funds necessary to bring the
of that evaluation.
technology to the market place.
An evaluation of necessary funding levels for solar
Therefore, in order to resolve the appropriate
R&D should include an assessment of the contribution
source and level of solar R&D funding I support your con-
that should be made by the private sector. In general,
cept in H.R. 15612 in defining our goals and priorities
it is my belief that Federal R&D expenditures should
- 12 -
- 13 -
before specifying the level of Federal commitment.
too inflexible. It would appear to me' that in keeping
Commercial Utilization
with the bill's emphasis on expediting those solar
I concur in H.R. 15612's emphasis on "resolving the major
technologies most likely to achieve commercial success and
technical problems inhibiting commercial utilization of
environmental acceptability that the language of $10(a)
solar energy in the United States." ($9(a)) We are most
should be discretionary in order to allow those charged
in need of practical, workable energy alternatives to our
with management responsibilities to concentrate more of the
current unavoidable preoccupation with the supply of
Project's talent and funds in areas most likely to result
fossil fuel resources. Therefore, I also agree with
in successful commercial applications in the near future.
the directive in $10(B)(5) of the bill that "[i]n
In fact, the prospect of successful commercial de-
selecting solar energy technologies for demonstration
velopment of some aspects of solar research is so
under this section, preference shall be given to those
promising that I would recommend that a priority for these
with the best opportunity for commercial success and
projects be included in the bill itself. Specifically,
environmental acceptability."
the use of solar energy for space heating, hot water heating
In this regard, I would like to suggest, Mr. Chairman,
and air conditioning of buildings is technologically
that the mandatory language of $10(a) to the effect that
feasible and, in most areas of the country, economically
the Project shall initiate a demonstration project for
justifiable. There are no major technical problems
each specific solar energy technology listed in §9 may be
precluding the adoption of solar energy for these
- 14 -
- 15 -
purposes. Moreover, the quantity of primary fuel which
acceptance of solar energy systems, especially for heating
could be saved by applying solar energy to these serv-
and cooling systems for homes, where drastic changes in
ices is immense. For example, hot water heating in
architectural design will almost certainly be required.
residences and commercial buildings uses more than four
This concludes my formal comments, Mr. Chairman.
times as much fuel as all the aluminum refining done in
I will be pleased to respond to any questions.
the U. S., and it may be feasible to provide 50 percent
or so of our national hot water requirement through
solar energy. I would, therefore, recommend that the
application of solar energy to space heating, hot water
heating and air conditioning receive especially strong
emphasis in this legislation.
I would like to stress another point in this respect.
One of the essential prerequisites to commercial success
of a technological innovation is public acceptance. I
would suggest, therefore, that this legislation provide
for a public information program to promote market
TABLE 1 *
TAC-R&D RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SOLAR ENERGY, 1975-1984
(Millions of 1973 Dollars)
Funding
Total Program Cost,
Priority
Sources
1975-79
1980-84
Duration, and End Product
IMPROVEMENT OF PRESENT
TECHNOLOGY
Solar Space Heating and
A
1
50
-
Commercial introduction in 1979
Cooling
DEVELOPMENT OF FUTURE
ENERGY SOURCES
Solar Thermal Electric
B
1
41
183
Central station pilot plant,
Conversion
1989; $1150 M/15 yrs.
Photovoltaic Conversion
B
1
47
130
Central station pilot plant,
1989; $315 M/15 yrs.
Photosynthesis of Organics
and Hydrogen
C
1
89
176
Pilot plant, 1989; $370 M/15 yrs.
Effluent Control
C
1,2,3
24
20
Wind Power Generator
D
1
25
-
Exp. development
Ocean Delta T
D
1
25
75
Pilot plant; $100 M/10 yrs.
TOTALS
301
584
Allocation: U. S. Government
285
571
Elec. Util. Industry
6
5
Other Industry
10
8
GRAND TOTAL:
885
KEY
Funding Sources:
1 - U. S. Government
Priority:
2 - Electric Utility Industry
A - Potentially high impact on the energy system if
3 - Other Industry
successful and most worthy of R&D support.
B - Potentially lower impact but should be included
* Research and Development for the
in a balanced R&D program.
Electric Utility Industry,
C - Could contribute to the achievement of R&D goals
Final Draft of the Report to the
and merits R&D support if funds are available.
Federal Power Commission of the
D - Marginal worth for R&D support.
TAC on R&D, April 1974, page 2.6.
FEDERAL POWER COMMISSION
Biographical Release of
John N. Nassikas, Chairman
Federal Power Commission
February 1974
John N. Nassikas, Republican, of New Hampshire
Took Office: First term, August 1, 1969; Second term, May 21, 1970
Term Expires: June 22, 1975
John N. Nassikas was born in Manchester, New Hampshire
on April 29, 1917. He attended public schools in Manchester, and
received his A. B. degree (with distinction in his major subject of
sociology) from Dartmouth College in 1938. He then attended the
Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration where he
received his M. B. A. degree in 1940.
He entered the U.S. Naval Reserve in June 1942 as an Ensign
and served until January of 1946. He held the rank of Lt. senior grade,
when he returned to inactive duty. Mr. Nassikas then entered Harvard
Law School in 1946, receiving his J.D. degree in 1948. He received
an Honorary Doctor of Laws degree from Notre Dame College in
Manchester, New Hampshire, in June 1972.
He entered private law practice in 1948, and from July of 1950
to September of 1953 served as Assistant and Deputy Attorney General
of the State of New Hampshire. He was a senior partner of Wiggin,
Nourie, Sundeen, Nassikas & Pingree from 1953 to 1969. Mr. Nassikas
served as chief counsel for the Republican Minority of the U.S. Senate
Committee on Commerce from March 1968 to February 1, 1969.
Mr. Nassikas' specialized public utility experience includes:
State's Counsel in litigated rate cases before New Hampshire Public
Utilities Commission and New Hampshire Supreme Court, 1950-53;
special counsel to the New Hampshire Public Utilities Commission
in 1961 and 1962 on telephone rates; and special counsel for the
State of New Hampshire in 1958 and 1959 on electric power rates; trial
and appellate practice, State and Federal Regulatory Agencies and
Courts.
He is admitted to practice in New Hampshire, Massachusetts,
Supreme Court of the U.S., U.S. District Courts of New Hampshire,
Vermont, and the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia,
First Circuit Court of Appeals.
-2-
He is a member of the New Hampshire, Massachusetts and
American Bar Associations. He also is a member of the Newcomen
Society in North America, Ahepa, Bald Peak Colony Club,
Congressional Country Club, and the Prouts Neck Country Club.
A Republican, Mr. Nassikas' nomination as a member and
Chairman of the Federal Power Commission was announced by
President Nixon on May 19, 1969. The nomination was sent to the
Senate on May 20 where it was confirmed on June 17. He took office
on August 1, 1969, for the term expiring June 22, 1970. President
Nixon nominated Chairman Nassikas for reappointment to a full five-
year term on March 23, 1970. The nomination was confirmed by the
Senate on April 30, and he took the oath of office on May 21, 1970.
Chairman Nassikas is a member of the Water Resources Council
(serving as Vice Chairman from July 1, 1970 to June 30, 1971); member
of the Board of Directors, U.S. National Committee of the World Energy
Conference; member of the Administrative Conference of the United
States and also serves on its Rulemaking Committee; and a member of the
Executive Committee of the National Association of Regulatory Utility
Commissioners. He served on the President's Cabinet Task Force on
Oil Import Control (1969-1970); is a member of the Energy Subcommittee
of the Domestic Council; a member of the President's Joint Board on Fuel
Supply and Fuel Transport; Member of the Energy-Related Regulatory
Agency Study Committee; a member of the Council of the Greek Orthodox
Archdiocese of North and South America (1970-1972); and serves as a
member of the Executive Advisory Council of Junior Achievement of
Metropolitan Washington. He also is a member of the Council of the
National Harvard Law School Association, and a member of the Board of
Directors of The Madeira School.
Mr. Nassikas is married to the former Constantina Andreson of
Worcester, Massachusetts. They have four children: Constance (Mrs.
John J. Hohenadel, Jr. ) of Woodside, California; Mary (Mrs. Robert C.
Hall) of McLean, Virginia; and Elizabeth, age 20, and John N. III, age 15,
of the home address. Mr. Nassikas is currently a resident of McLean,
Virginia.
-FPC-
ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION
UNITED STATES
ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20545
UNITED STATES OF MEMBER
00T ? 1974
Mr. Wilfred H. Rommel
Assistant Director for
Legislative Reference
ATTN: Mrs. Louise Garziglia
Legislative Reference Division
Office of Management and Budget
Dear Mr. Rommel:
The Atomic Energy Commission is pleased to respond to your request for
our views on Enrolled Bill S. 3234, the "Solar Energy Research, Develop-
ment, and Demonstration Act of 1974."
The AEC recommends approval of S. 3234. While the bill is not essential
to initiation of a broad solar program in view of the enactment of
H.R. 11510 establishing the Energy Research and Development Administration,
the solar project contemplated by S. 3234 would in essence be taken over
by ERDA in the near future and would provide a base for going forward
effectively with a program.
The bill (Section 4) would establish the Solar Energy Coordination and
Management Project, composed of six members, five of whom would be high
officials of Federal agencies. The President would appoint the remaining
member, and would designate a member as Project Chairman.
The Project would be responsible for the management and coordination of
a national solar energy research, development, and demonstration program,
in cooperation with the National Science Foundation, the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Atomic Energy Commission, the
Department of Housing and Urban Development, and the Federal Power
Commission. The Project would have exclusive authority respecting the
establishment or approval of programs or projects initiated under the
Act, while the agency involved would operate and administer the particular
project.
Section 5 of the bill would require initiation by the Project Chairman
of a solar energy resource determination and assessment program,
utilizing such agencies as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration.
Section 6 would mandate a solar energy research and development program,
under which the Project Chairman would conduct scientific, economic,
Mr. Wilfred H. Rommel
-2-
social, and environmental studies. Eight specified solar energy
technologies would have to be addressed in the research and development
program. Other technologies, however, would not be precluded.
Under Section 7 of S. 3234, the Project Chairman would be authorized to
initiate a program to demonstrate specific solar energy technologies.
Demonstration projects would be carried out through appropriate Federal
agencies, and could involve cooperative agreements with either Federal
agencies or non-Federal organizations.
Section 8 would require the establishment of a Solar Energy Information
Data Bank, for use by interested Federal and other governmental agencies,
educational institutions, and the private sector.
Section 9 deals with the support, through the National Science Foundation,
of relevant educational programs in the sciences and engineering.
A Solar Energy Research Institute would be established by Section 10, to
carry out research, development, and other functions under the bill, as
determined by the Project Chairman.
Section 11 would authorize the Chairman to cooperate with other nations
in both solar energy projects and information exchange. The National
Science Foundation would encourage international participation in the
educational programs authorized under Section 9.
Sections 12, 13, and 14 deal, respectively, with the issuance of
implementing regulations, annual reports to Congress, and the furnishing
of information to the appropriate committees of the House and the Senate.
Section 15 would require the Project Chairman to prepare a comprehensive
program definition of an integrated effort and commitment for effectively
developing solar energy resources. An interim report on the program
definition would have to be sent to the President and to each House of
Congress by March 1, 1975, with the program definition to follow no later
than June 30, 1975.
Section 16 of S. 3234 provides for the transfer of authorities and
functions to the permanent Federal agency for energy research and
development, within sixty days after the effective date of the law
creating that agency. (By virtue of the President's approval of
H.R. 11510 on October 11, 1974, the described agency will come into
being no later than February 8, 1975, as the Energy Research and
Development Administration.) All of the authorities of the Project,
Mr. Wilfred H. Rommel
-3-
all of the research and development functions, and other functions
except those related to scientific and technical education, to be
vested in Federal agencies under S. 3234, along with related records,
documents, personnel, obligations, and other items, to the extent
necessary or appropriate, would under regulations prescribed by the
Office of Management and Budget be transferred to and vested in ERDA.
Finally, Section 17 of S. 3234 would authorize appropriations to carry
out the bill's purposes. Specific amounts authorized are $75,000,000
for FY 1976, and not to exceed $2,000,000 to the National Science
Foundation for FY 1975 for use in the preparation of the comprehensive
program definition under Section 15.
The Atomic Energy Commission recommends approval of S. 3234. It is
much more comprehensive in scope than the recently approved Solar
Heating and Cooling Demonstration Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-409). There
is no question as to the desirability of the broad objectives of
S. 3234. While its enactment is not essential to the initiation of
a broadly based, meaningful solar energy program, in view of the
treatment of that subject in the ERDA legislation, the various aspects
of the solar program dealt with in S. 3234 present a base on which
ERDA, soon after coming into being, can go forward effectively.
Sincerely,
Chairman
FEDERAL ENERGY ADMINISTRATION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20461
October 17, 1974
MEMORANDUM TO: Wilfred H. Rommel
Assistant Director
for Legislative Reference
Office of Management and Budget
Washington, D.C. 20503
ATTN:
William V. Skidmore
FROM:
Robert E. Montgomery, Jr.
General Counsel
SUBJECT:
Enrolled Bill S. 3234 "To authorize a vig-
orous Federal program of research, develop-
ment, and demonstration to assure the util-
ization of solar energy as a viable source
for our national energy needs, and for oth-
er purposes. "
This responds to your request for the views of the Federal
Energy Administration on the subject enrolled bill.
S. 3234 would establish a Solar Energy Coordination and Man-
agement Project to exercise central responsibility for man-
aging and coordinating a national solar energy research, de-
velopment, and demonstration program. In carrying out its
general functions, the project would utilize the services of
NASA, NSF, AEC, HUD, FPC, and other cognizant Federal agencies.
Sixty days after the effective date of the Energy Reorganiza-
tion Act of 1974, all authorities, functions, and duties of
the project would be transferred to the Energy Research and
Development Administration.
FEA recommends that the President sign S. 3234 into law.
NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20550
nsf
October 17, 1974
OFFICE OF THE
DIRECTOR
Mr. Wilfred H. Rommel
Assistant Director for
Legislative Reference
Office of Management and Budget
Washington, D. C. 20503
Dear Mr. Rommel:
This is in reply to your communication of October 15, 1974,
requesting the views of the National Science Foundation on Enrolled
Bill S. 3234, the Solar Energy Research, Development, and
Demonstration Act of 1974.
The Foundation has no objection to approval by the President of
Enrolled Bill S. 3234.
Sincerely yours,
LISEARY GERALD B. FORD
H. Guyford Stever
Director
DEPARTMENT
OF
HOUSING
*
THE GENERAL COUNSEL OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT
AND
URBAN
WASHINGTON, D. C. 20410
OCT 22 1974
Mr. Wilfred H. Rommel
Assistant Director
Legislative Reference
Office of Management and Budget
Washington, D. C. 20503
Attention: Mrs. Garziglia
Dear Mr. Rommel:
Subject: S. 3234, 93d Congress, Enrolled Enactment
This is in response to your request for our views on the
enrolled enactment of S. 3234, the proposed "Solar Energy
Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1974".
The enrolled enactment would establish a Solar Energy
Coordination and Management Project composed of representa-
tives of NSF, HUD, The Federal Power Commission, NASA, AEC
and a member designated by the President. The Project
would be responsible under the enactment for providing
effective management and coordination of a national solar
energy research development and demonstration program in
cooperation with the Federal agencies whose members
constitute the Project. It would have exclusive authority
for establishment or approval of programs or projects
initiated under the enactment, but the agency involved in
any particular program or project would be responsible for
its operation or administration.
In this connection, the enactment would require initiation
of programs for (1) determining, inventorying, and assessing
solar energy resources -- emphasizing identification of pro-
mising areas for commercial exploration and development
and (2) research and development to resolve major inhibitions
of a technical nature to commercial utilization of solar
2
energy. It would authorize the design, construction and
operation of demonstration facilities in specific solar
energy techologies.
The enactment would require establishment of a Solar Energy
Information and Data Bank and a Solar Energy Research
Institute, and the preparation of a comprehensive program
definition for effectively developing solar energy resources
to be transmitted to the President and Congress by June 30,
1975, with an interim report to be transmitted by March 1.
Significantly, the Project's authority and the research and
development functions vested in other Federal agencies under
the enactment would, "to the extent necessary or appropriate",
be transferred within three months to the new Energy Research
and Development Administration created under the recently
enacted "Energy Reorganization Act of 1974" (H. R. 11510).
The transfer would be accomplished in accordance with OMB
regulations.
HUD's potential contribution under the enactment represents
only a single aspect of the total research and development
effort to be undertaken under the bill. We would defer to
TORO
other Federal agencies specified in the bill as to the
desirability of those provisions which directly affect them
or involve matters within their larger expertise and juris-
diction.
As to those provisions affecting this Department, Section 4(c)
of the enactment specifically includes "fostering the utili-
zation of solar energy for the heating and cooling of buildings,
pursuant to the Solar Heating and Cooling Demonstration Act of
1974 (P. L. 93-409)' as part of HUD's responsibilities under
the enactment. While we are unclear as to what is actually
intended by this provision, we would not, in any event,
interpret the enactment as providing for the transfer of these
functions to the Energy Research and Development Administration,
since they are vested in HUD under the P. L. 93-409 rather than
under the enactment.
Also of interest to this Department is the Solar Energy
Information Data Bank discussed above. Under P. L. 93-409,
3
this Department is directed to undertake a program to
disseminate information concerning solar heating and cooling
of buildings, including the establishment and operation of a
Solar Heating and Cooling Information Data Bank. We feel,
however, that any potential duplication of efforts in this
regard under P. L. 93-409 and the enactment could be avoided.
Section 8 (a) (4) of the enactment requires utilization of the
existing data base of information in Federal agencies, and
coordination or merging of the data bank under the enactment
with other Federal energy information data banks as necessary
to insure efficient and effective operation.
In view of the above, the Department has no objection to the
approval of S. 3234 by the President.
Sincerely,
Robert R. Elliott
FORD
LIBRARY
OF THE INTERIOR
United States Department of the Interior
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY
March
1849
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20240
3,
OCT
1974
Dear Mr. Ash:
This responds to your request for our views concerning S. 3234,
an enrolled bill "To authorize a vigorous Federal program of
research, development, and demonstration to assure the utilization
of solar energy as a viable source for our national energy needs,
and for other purposes", which is before the President for approval.
We do not object to Presidential approval of the bill.
S. 3234 would provide for a program of solar energy research,
development and demonstration. By virtue of the enactment of
H.R. 11510, the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974, on October 11,
1974, the Energy Research and Development Administration would
be responsible for the Solar Energy Coordination and Management
Project which the bill would establish. Among other matters,
the bill would require the development of a "comprehensive
program definition", with an interim report to the President
and Congress being due March 1, 1975 and the final definition
being prepared not later than June 30, 1974. It would also
require ERDA to develop a solar energy data bank and to
establish a solar energy research institute. The bill authorizes
$2 million for the National Science Foundation to prepare the
definition. In addition, $75 million is authorized to carry
out provisions of the Act for FY 1976, and the bill specifically
reserves for later authorization amounts for subsequent fiscal
years and for major demonstration projects.
In view of the consolidation of the bill's solar energy program with
other ERDA programs, we would anticipate that several problems of
coordination and efficient use of resources which might otherwise
arise in the implementation of S. 3234 can be satisfactorily dealt
with. Thus, we would expect that the bill's directive in section
5(b) that the Project undertake solar resource assessment and,
specifically, that it make recommendations for legislation to
CONSERVE
AMERICA'S
ENERGY
Save Energy and You Serve America!
establish policies for solar resources involving Federal lands
and waters would be implemented through and in coordination with
this Department, particularly the Geological Survey, the Bureau
of Land Management and the Bureau of Mines. Similarly, the
Department of the Interior's synthetic fuels, conversion of
organic materials for energy uses, and metallurgical research
programs should be utilized in solar energy programs and should
not be duplicated by ERDA.
Notwithstanding the long-range potential of solar energy, the
funding and scope of the bill's program are greater than is
currently desirable. Current energy priorities preclude
appropriation of the $75 million FY 1976 appropriation provided
by the bill or current planning for a possible $1 billion solar
energy program called for by section 2 of the bill. Despite
the breadth of the program envisaged by the bill and the fact
that the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 appears to provide
adequate authority to carry out needed solar research, we believe
that S. 3234 is sufficiently flexible so that its enactment would
not have seriously objectionable results from the standpoint of
this Department's direct responsibility or with respect to overall
energy policy.
Sincerely yours,
Assistant Jack Secretary WCarlson of the Interior
Honorable Roy L. Ash
Director
Office of Management and Budget
Washington, D. C. 20503
EFORA
2
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
GENERAL COUNSEL OF THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Washington, D.C. 20230
OCT 21 1974
Honorable Roy L. Ash
Director, Office of Management
and Budget
Washington, D. C. 20503
Attention: Assistant Director for Legislative Reference
Dear Mr. Ash;
This is in reply to your request for the views of this Department
concerning S. 3234, an enrolled enactment
"To authorize a vigorous Federal program of research,
development, and demonstration to assure the utiliza-
tion of solar energy as a viable source for our national
energy needs, and for other purposes, 11
to be cited as the "Solar Energy Research, Development, and
Demonstration Act of 1974. 11
Subject to the comments below concerning sections 4 and 16, this
Department would have no objection to approval by the President
of S. 3234.
Section 4 establishes a Solar Energy Coordination and Management
Project. The Management Project is composed of six members:
an Assistant Director of NSF; an Assistant Secretary of HUD; a
member of the FPC; an Associate Administrator of NASA; a General
Manager of AEC; and a member to be designated by the President.
It is our opinion that this section creates an unwieldy organizational
structure and would be difficult to administer effectively.
Section 16 requires that all authorities of the Management Project
and of the research and development functions vested in Federal
agencies under this Act, along with related records, documents,
personnel, obligations, and other items, to the extent necessary or
appropriate in accordance with regulations prescribed by OMB, be
transferred to and vested in ERDA.
It is our opinion that section 16 is unclear in its impact on the Manage-
ment Project set out in section 4.
2.
If section 16 is interpreted so as to abolish the Management Project
and place its functions in the Administrator of ERDA, we have no
objection. Under such an interpretation, in effect throughout S. 3234,
the words "Administrator of ERDA" would be substituted for the words
"Solar Energy Coordination Management Project" and "Chairman of
the Project. 11
However, if section 16 is not so interpreted and the Management
Project remains in existence as an independent organization, it
would be incompatible with the responsibilities of the Administra-
tor of ERDA and present an unworkable situation. Accordingly,
if this is the effect of section 16, we believe a veto of S. 3234
would be warranted.
Finally, we interpret section 16 as only providing for the transfer
of functions which are specifically vested in Federal agencies
pursuant to the Act and that functions and authorities of agencies
preexisting by virtue of other authorities would not be transferred.
The authorities and functions of this Department, for example,
those relating to meteorological and oceanographic survey work
referred to in section 5(b) which we have traditionally carried out,
would not be transferred but would continue to be performed by this
FORD
Department. If section 16 is not so interpreted, we would urge this
as warranting a veto since, if interpreted otherwise, it would foster
fragmentation and dispersal of agencies' preexisting authorities
and functions with attendant inefficiencies.
Section 8 of the Act directs the Chairman of the Management Project
to utilize the capabilities of this Department to establish and operate
a Solar Energy Information Data Bank for the purpose of collecting,
reviewing, processing, and disseminating information and data in all
of the solar energy technologies referred to in the Act. In view of
the fact that the Chairman is also directed to utilize other Federal
agencies, we are unable to determine the extent of the responsibilities
to be placed upon this Department and, therefore, cannot estimate
the cost of such a program to this Department.
Sincerely,
Karl E. Bakke
General Counsel
AND
SPACE
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20546
NATIONAL
U.S.A
OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR
OCT 17 1974
Director
Office of Management and Budget
FORD
Executive Office of the President
Washington, DC 20503
Attention: Assistant Director
for Legislative Reference
Subject: Enrolled Enactment Report on S. 3234, 93rd Congress.
This is an Enrolled Enactment report on S. 3234, "To authorize
a vigorous Federal program of research, development, and
demonstration to assure the utilization of solar energy as a
viable source for our national energy needs, and for other
purposes." It is submitted pursuant to Mr. Wilfred H. Rommel's
memorandum of October 15, 1974.
The Enrolled Bill would establish the Solar Energy Coordination
and Management Project. The Project would be composed of six
members: the Assistant Director of the National Science
Foundation (NSF) ; an Assistant Secretary of Housing and Urban
Development (HUD) ; a member of the Federal Power Commission
(FPC) ; an Associate Administrator of the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration (NASA) ; the General Manager of the
Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) ; and a sixth appointed by the
President. The President would also designate one member to
serve as Chairman.
The functions of the Project would be to manage and coordinate
the nation's research, development, and demonstration program
in solar energy. This program would include a determination
and evaluation of the resource base in solar energy, research
and development in eight listed technologies, and demonstra-
tions of those technologies as they are appropriate. In
addition, the Project is to cooperate and participate jointly
with other nations in solar energy research and to facilitate
information exchange on solar energy resources and technologies.
2
The Enrolled Bill would establish the Solar Energy Research
Institute to perform such research, development and related
functions as the Project may determine are necessary. The
Institute may be located at any new or existing Federal or
Federally-contracted laboratory as designated by the Project.
The Project would accomplish its objectives by assigning
various management, research, development and demonstration
roles in the program to NASA, HUD, AEC, NSF and FPC. The
agencies themselves would be responsible for the operation
and administration of programs and projects assigned to them
by the Project.
To get the program underway, the Project is first directed
to prepare a comprehensive program definition of an inte-
grated effort for effectively developing solar energy
resources. The conferees on the Bill said that, "the Project
member agencies as well as the Federal Energy Administration,
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and any
other appropriate agencies, should cooperate in the compre-
hensive program definition." The Project would be required
to submit this program plan to the President and to the
Congress no later than June 30, 1975.
The Enrolled Bill contains provisions requiring the transfer
of R&D functions vested in Federal agencies under the Bill
(excluding the education programs) to the Energy Research
and Development Administration (ERDA) within sixty days
after the "effective date" of the law creating that Adminis-
tration, and as provided for by regulations prescribed by
the Office of Management and Budget. The President approved
the ERDA legislation on October 11, 1974, and that law provides
that it "shall take effect one hundred and twenty days after
the date of its enactment" unless the President prescribes
an earlier date. It therefore appears that legally the trans-
fer of functions of the Project to ERDA would have to take
place at the latest within one hundred and eighty days from
the date the ERDA legislation was approved, although as a
practical matter, we assume that the specific functions of
the Bill (e.g., the establishment of a Solar Energy Informa-
tion Data Bank) would be taken into account in the initial
organization of ERDA.
Assigning NASA the responsibility to provide management
capability and to participate in the development of technologies,
as the Enrolled Bill provides, would draw upon NASA's experience
and capabilities. During the past year or more, NASA has
3
actively supported National energy planning, with such efforts
as last year's initial Solar Energy Report, jointly supported by
NSF and NASA. Last fall, NASA provided technical support to the
formulation of the President's Five-Year Energy R&D Plan prepared
under the leadership of Chairman Ray of the Atomic Energy Com-
mission. In addition, NASA has been working for some time in
cooperation with NSF to assist them in broad areas of their solar
energy programs. Using funds transferred from NSF, NASA already
has initiated work in the conversion of wind energy to power.
We also are working actively with the NSF to define
appropriate NASA project responsibilities in the areas of low
cost' solar cell systems and solar heating and cooling technology.
An additional number of project proposals have been submitted
to NSF for inclusion in the President's Five-Year Program Plans
for the solar energy program area.
In a related area, NASA, in cooperation with the AEC, has been
defining possible energy storage research projects as part of
the President's Five-Year Program Plan in Energy Storage. Energy
storage is a very critical element in the eventual success and
commercial viability of most solar energy-use concepts.
NASA and HUD, in consultation with other agencies, are now
in the process of formulating a comprehensive program plan to
demonstrate the use of solar energy for the heating and cooling
of residential buildings under the Solar Heating and Cooling
Demonstration Act of 1974. Under section 7 of that Act such a
plan must be transmitted to the Congress by January 1, 1975.
NASA, in consultation with other agencies, is also developing a
program plan under that Act for the heating and cooling of
commercial buildings.
Finally, NASA, on its own, has several active projects related
to solar energy. This work includes both the terrestrial
applications of our technology base in energy conversion and
environmental control and the examination of critical tech-
nologies related to satellite power systems.
The Enrolled Bill would authorize to be appropriated to NSF
$2,000,000 for FY 1975 to be used by the Project for the
specific purpose of preparing the comprehensive program defi-
nition; $75,000,000 has been authorized for FY 1976 without
specific direction for its use.
4
As you know, no funds for the NASA functions under this
Enrolled Bill are provided in either the Special Energy Research
and Development Appropriations Act of 1974 (PL 93-322) or in
the FY 1975, HUD, Space, Science, Veterans Appropriations Bill
(PL 93-414). Thus, if the Enrolled Bill is approved and NASA
were assigned responsibilities under the Bill, NASA would require
additional funding and manpower to accomplish the tasks assigned
to it.
The Enrolled Bill was under consideration by the Congress con-
currently with its consideration of the ERDA legislation, and
many of the functions authorized in the Bill could be carried
out under the broad authority conferred upon ERDA. From NASA's
viewpoint, both the Enrolled Bill and the ERDA legislation contem-
plate that NASA's R&D capabilities will be employed in the
National energy R&D program. For example, the Senate Report
accompanying the ERDA bill, in explaining the intent of what is
now section 104 (i) of the Act, specifically mentioned NASA's
capabilities in solar energy. We believe that these capabilities
can and should be effectively utilized by ERDA in carrying out
the functions which would be transferred to it under the Enrolled
Bill.
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration has no objection
to approval of the Enrolled Bill S. 3234.
Sincerely,
George w Low
FORD
for
James C. Fletcher
Administrator
ACTION
Last Day - October 29
October 25, 1974
MEMORANDUM FOR:
THE PRESIDENT
FROM:
KEN COLE
SUBJECT:
Enrolled Bill 8. 3234
Solar Energy Research, De-
velopment and Demonstration
Attached for your consideration is Senate bill, S. 3234,
sponsored by Senator Humphrey, which establishes a Solar
Energy Coordination and Management Project to conduct
research, and to demonstrate the commercial use of
several solar energy technologies.
Roy Ash recommends approval and provides you with addi-
tional background information in his enrolled bill report
(Tab A).
The Counsel's office (Chapman), Bill Timmons and Domestic
Council all recommend approval.
RECOMMENDATION
That you sign Senate bill, 8. 3234 (Tab B).
GLEATE FORD VIBRAGA
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
October 24, 1974
MEMORANDUM FOR:
MR. WILLIAM WARREN E. TIMMONS HENDRIKS
FROM:
SUBJECT:
Action Memorandum - Log No. 698
Enrolled Bill S. 3234 - Solar Energy Research,
Development and Demonstration
The Office of Legislative Affairs concurs in the attached
proposal and has no additional recommendations.
Attachment
FORD is LIBRARY 07V830
THE WHITE HOUSE
ON MEMORANDUM
WASHINGTON
LOG NO.: 698
Date:
October 23, 1974
Time:
6:00 p.m.
FOR ACTION:
Michael Duval
CC (for information):
Warren K. Hendriks
Phil Buchen
Jerry Jones
Bill Timmons
Paul Theis
Glenn Schleede
FROM THE STAFF SECRETARY
DUE: Date: Friday, October 25, 1974
Time:
2:00 p.m.
SUBJECT:
Enrolled Bill S. 3234 - Solar Energy Research,
Development and Demonstration
ACTION REQUESTED:
For Necessary Action
XX For Your Recommendations
Prepare Agenda and Brief
Draft Reply
For Your Comments
Draft Remarks
REMARKS:
Please return to Kathy Tindle - West Wing
PLEASE ATTACH THIS COPY TO MATERIAL SUBMITTED.
If you have any questions or if you anticipate a
delay in submitting the required material, please
Warren K. Hendriks
telephone the Staff Secretary immediately.
For the President
THE WHITE HOUSE
ACTION MEMORANDUM
WASHINGTON
LOG NO.: 698
Date:
October 23, 1974
Time:
6:00 p.m.
FOR ACTION: Michael Duval
CC (for information): Warren K. Hendriks
Phil Buchen
Jerry Jones
Bill Timmons
Paul Theis
Glenn Schleede
FROM THE STAFF SECRETARY
DUE: Date: Friday, October 25, 1974
Time: 2:00 p.m.
SUBJECT:
Enrolled Bill S. 3234 - Solar Energy Research,
Development and Demonstration
ACTION REQUESTED:
For Necessary Action
XX For Your Recommendations
Prepare Agenda and Brief
Draft Reply
For Your Comments
Draft Remarks
REMARKS:
OK
Wile Dwal 10/24
Please return to Kathy Tindle - West Wing
PLEASE ATTACH THIS COPY TO MATERIAL SUBMITTED.
If you have any questions or if you anticipate a
delay in submitting the required material, please
Warren K. Hendriks
telephone the Staff Secretary immediately.
For the President
THE WHITE HOUSE
ACTION MEMORANDUM
WASHINGTON
LOG NO.: 698
Date:
October 23, 1974
Time:
6:00 p.m.
FOR ACTION:
Michael Duval
CC (for information): Warren K. Hendriks
Phil Buchen
Jerry Jones
Bill Timmons
Paul Theis
Glenn Schleede
FROM THE STAFF SECRETARY
DUE: Date: Friday, October 25, 1974
Time:
2:00 p.m.
SUBJECT:
Enrolled Bill S. 3234 - Solar Energy Research,
Development and Demonstration
ACTION REQUESTED:
For Necessary Action
XX
For Your Recommendations
Prepare Agenda and Brief
Draft Reply
For Your Comments
Draft Remarks
REMARKS:
Please return to Kathy Tindle - West Wing
No objection
D.C.
PLEASE ATTACH THIS COPY TO MATERIAL SUBMITTED.
If you have any questions or if you anticipate a
delay in submitting the required material, please
Warren K. Hendriks
telephone the Staff Secretary immediately.
For the President
MEMORANDUM
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
ACTION
Last Day - October 29
MEMORANDUM FOR:
THE PRESIDENT
FROM:
KEN COLE
SUBJECT:
Enrolled Bill S. 3234
Solar Energy Research,
Development and Demonstration
Attached for your consideration is Senate bill, S. 3234,
sponsored by Senator Humphrey, which establishes a Solar
Energy Coordination and Management Project to conduct
research, and to demonstrate the commercial use of several
solar energy technologies.
Roy Ash etc.
cDan C-
The Counsel's office (Chapman) and Bill Timmons both recommend
approval.
RECOMMENDATION
That you sign Senate bill, S. 3234 (Tab B).
GREATO 8.FORD VIDRAGE
THE WHITE HOUSE
ACTION MEMORANDUM
WASHINGTON
LOG NO.: 698
Date:
October 23, 1974
Time:
6:00 p.m.
FOR ACTION: Michael Duval
CC (for information): Warren K. Hendriks
Phil Buchen
Jerry Jones
Bill Timmons
Paul Theis
Glenn Schleede
FROM THE STAFF SECRETARY
DUE: Date: Friday, October 25, 1974
Time: 2:00 p.m.
SUBJECT:
Enrolled Bill S. 3234 Solar Energy Research,
Development and Demonstration
ACTION REQUESTED:
For Necessary Action
XX For Your Recommendations
Prepare Agenda and Brief
Draft Reply
For Your Comments
Draft Remarks
REMARKS:
Please return to Kathy Tindle - West Wing
PLEASE ATTACH THIS COPY TO MATERIAL SUBMITTED.
If you have any questions or if you anticipate a
delay in submitting the required material, please
K.R. COLE, JR.
telephone the Staff Secretary immediately.
For the President
Handride
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20503
OCT 23 1974
MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT
Subject: Enrolled Bill S. 3234 - Solar Energy Research,
Development and Demonstration
Sponsors - Sen. Humphrey (D) Minnesota and 11 others
Last Day for Action
October 29, 1974 - Tuesday
Purpose
S. 3234 establishes a Solar Energy Coordination and Management
Project to conduct research, and to demonstrate the commercial
use of several solar energy technologies.
Agency Recommendations
Office of Management and Budget
Approval
Federal Power Commission
Approval
Atomic Energy Commission
Approval
Federal Energy Administration
Approval
National Science Foundation
No objection
Department of Housing and Urban
Development
No objection
Department of the Interior
No objection
Department of Commerce
No objection
National Aeronautics and Space
Administration
No objection
Discussion
Solar energy is broadly defined in the bill as energy recently
originating from the sun including: direct and indirect solar
radiation and intermediate forms of energy such as wind, sea
thermal gradients (differentials in ocean temperatures) ,
photosynthetic processes (converting light to other forms of
93D CONGRESS
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
REPORT
2d Session
No. 93-1428
SOLAR ENERGY RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND
DEMONSTRATION ACT OF 1974
OCTOBER 4, 1974.-Ordered to be printed
FORD
Mr. TEAGUE, from the committee of conference,
submitted the following
CONFERENCE REPORT
[To accompany S. 3234]
The committee of conference on the disagreeing votes of the two
Houses on the amendments of the House to the bill (S. 3234) to
authorize a vigorous Federal program of research, development, and
demonstration to assure the utilization of solar energy as a viable
source for our national energy needs, and for other purposes, having
met, after full and free conference, have agreed to recommend and
do recommend to their respective Houses as follows:
That the Senate recede from its disagreement to the amendment
of the House to the text of the bill and agree to the same with an
amendment as follows:
In lieu of the matter proposed to be inserted by the House amend-
ment insert the following:
That this Act may be cited as the "Solar Energy Research, Develop-
ment, and Demonstration Act of 1974".
DECLARATION OF FINDINGS AND POLICY
SEC. 2. (a) The Congress hereby finds that—
(1) the needs of a viable society depend on an ample supply of
energy;
(2) the current imbalance between domestic supply and de-
mand for fuels and energy is likely to persist for some time;
(3) dependence on nonrenewable energy resources cannot be
continued indefinitely, particularly at current rates of consump-
tion;
(4) it is in the Nation's interest to expedite the long-term de-
velopment of renewable and nonpolluting energy resources, such
as solar energy;
(5) the various solar energy technologies are today at widely
differing stages of development, with some already near the stage
of commercial application and others still requiring basic research;
38-006 o
2
3
(6) the early development and export of viable equipment
(E) the General Manager of the Atomic Energy Commission;
utilizing solar energy, consistent with the established preeminence
and
of the United States in the field of high technology products, can
(F) a member to be designated by the President.
make a valuable contribution to our balance of trade;
(2) The President shall designate one member of the Project to
(7) the mass production and use of equipment utilizing solar
serve as Chairman of the Project.
energy will help to eliminate the dependence of the United States
(3) If the individual designated under paragraph (1) (F) is an
upon foreign energy sources and promote the national defense;
officer or employee of the Federal Government, he shall receive no
(8) to date, the national effort in research, development, and
additional pay on account of his service as a member of the Project.
demonstration activities relating to the utilization of solar energy
If such individual is not an officer or employee of the Federal Govern-
has been extremely limited; therefore
ment, he shall be entitled to receive the daily equivalent of the annual
(9) the urgency of the Nation's critical energy shortages and
rate of basic pay in effect for level IV of the Executive Schedule
the need to make clean and renewable energy alternatives com-
(5 U.S.C. 5315) for each day (including traveltime) during which he
mercially viable require that the Nation undertake an intensive
is engaged in the actual performance of duties vested in the Project.
research, development, and demonstration program with an
(c) The Project shall have overall responsibility for the provision
estimated Federal investment which may reach or exceed
of effective management and coordination with respect to a national
$1,000,000,000.
solar energy research, development, and demonstration program,
(b) The Congress declares that it is the policy of the Federal
including-
Government to—
(1) the determination and evaluation of the resource base, in-
(1) pursue a vigorous and viable program of research and
cluding its temporal and geographic characteristics;
resource assessment of solar energy as a major source of energy
(2) research and development on solar energy technologies;
for our national needs; and
and
(2) provide for the development and demonstration of prac-
(3) the demonstration of appropriate solar energy technologies.
ticable means to employ solar energy on a commerical scale.
(d) (1) The Project shall carry out its responsibilities under this
section in cooperation with the following Federal agencies:
DEFINITIONS
(A) the National Science Foundation, the responsibilities of
which shall include research;
SEC. 3. For the purposes of this Act-
(B) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the
(1) the term "solar energy" means energy which has recently
responsibilities of which shall include the provision of manage-
originated in the Sun, including direct and indirect solar radia-
ment capability and the development of technologies;
tion and intermediate solar energy forms such as wind, sea thermal
(C) the Atomic Energy Commission, the responsibilities of
gradients, products of photosynthetic processes, organic wastes,
which shall include the development of technologies;
and others;
(D) the Department of Housing and Urban Development, the
(2) the term "byproducts" includes, with respect to any solar
responsibilities of which shall include fostering the utilization of
energy technology or process, any solar energy products (includ-
solar energy for the heating and cooling of buildings, pursuant
ing energy forms) other than those associated with or constitut-
to the Solar Heating and Cooling Demonstration Act of 1974
ing the primary product of such technology or process;
(P.L. 93-409; 88 Stat. 1069); and
(3) the term "insolation" means the rate at which solar energy
(E) the Federal Power Commission, the responsibilities of
is received at the surface of the Earth;
which shall include fostering the utilization of solar energy for
(4) the term "Project" means the Solar Energy Coordination
the generation of electricity and for the production of synthetic
and Management Project; and
fuels.
(5) the term "Chairman" means the Chairman of the Project.
(2) Upon request of the Chairman, the head of any such agency is
SOLAR ENERGY COORDINATION AND MANAGEMENT
authorized to detail or assign, on a reimbursable basis or otherwise, any
PROJECT
of the personnel of such agency to the Project to assist it in carrying
out its responsibilities under this Act.
SEC. 4. (a) There is hereby established the Solar Energy Coordina-
(e) The Project shall have exclusive authority with respect to the
tion and Management Project.
establishment or approval of programs or projects initiated under this
(b) (1) The Project shall be composed of six members as follows:
Act, but the agency involved in any particular program or project
(A) an Assistant Director of the National Science Founda-
shall be responsible for the operation and administration of such pro-
tion;
gram or project.
(B) an Assistant Secretary of Housing and Urban Develop-
(f) The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is author-
ment;
ized to undertake and carry out those programs assigned to it by the
(C) a member of the Federal Power Commission;
Project.
(D) an Associate Administrator of the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration;
4
5
RESOURCE DETERMINATION AND ASSESSMENT
(c) The specific solar energy technologies to be addressed or dealt
SEC. 5. (a) The Chairman shall initiate a solar energy resource deter-
with in the program shall include-
mination and assessment program with the objective of making a
(1) direct solar heat as a source for industrial processes, in-
regional and national appraisal of all solar energy resources, includ-
cluding the utilization of low-level heat for process and other
ing data on insolation, wind, sea thermal gradients, and potentials
industrial purposes;
for photosynthetic conversion. The program shall emphasize identifi-
(2) thermal energy conversion, and other methods, for the gen-
cation of promising areas for commercial exploitation and develop-
eration of electricity and the production of chemical fuels;
ment. The specific goals shall include-
(3) the conversion of cellulose and other organic materials (in-
(1) the development of better methods for predicting the avail-
cluding wastes) to useful energy or fuels;
ability of all solar energy resources, over long time periods and
(4) photovoltaic and other direct conversion processes;
by geographic location;
(5) sea thermal gradient conversion;
(2) the development of advanced meteorological, oceano-
(6) windpower conversion;
graphic, and other instruments, methodology, and procedures
(7) solar heating and cooling of housing and of commercial
necessary to measure the quality and quantity of all solar resources
and public buildings; and
on periodic bases;
(8) energy storage.
(3) the development of activities, arrangements, and proce-
DEMONSTRATION
dures for the collection, evaluation, and dissemination of informa-
tion and data relating to solar energy resource assessment.
SEC. 7. (a) The Chairman is authorized to initiate a program to de-
(b) The Chairman, acting through the National Aeronautics and
sign and construct, in specific solar energy technologies (including,
Space Administration, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad-
but not limited to, those listed in section (6) (c)), facilities or power-
ministration, and other appropriate agencies, shall-
plants of sufficient size to demonstrate the technical and economic
(1) develop and carry out a general plan for inventorying all
feasibility of utilizing the various forms of solar energy. The specific
forms of solar energy resources associated with Federal lands
goals of such programs shall include-
and (where consistent with property rights) non-Federal lands;
(1) production of electricity from a number of powerplants, on
(2) conduct regional surveys based upon such general plan,
the order of one to ten megawatts each;
using innovative meteorological, oceanographic, and space-related
(2) production of synthetic fuels in commercial quantities;
techniques, in sufficient numbers to lead to a national inventory
(3) large-scale utilization of solar energy in the form of direct
of solar energy resources in the United States;
heat;
(3) publish and make available maps, reports, and other docu-
(4) utilization of thermal and all other byproducts of the solar
ments developed from such surveys to encourage and facilitate the
facilities;
commercial development of solar energy resources; and
(5) design and development of hybrid systems involving the
(4) make such recommendations for legislation as may appear
concomitant utilization of solar and other energy sources; and
to be necessary to establish policies for solar resources involving
(6) the continuous operation of such plants and facilities for
Federal lands and waters, consistent with known inventories of
a period of time.
various resource types, with the state of technologies for solar
(b) For each of the technologies for which a successful and appro-
energy development, and with evaluation of the environmental
priate development program is completed, the Chairman shall make
impacts of such development.
a determination to proceed to demonstration based on criteria includ-
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
ing, but not necessarily limited to, the following:
(1) the technological feasibility of the project;
SEC. 6. (a) The Chairman shall initiate a research and development
(2) the costs and benefits of the project, as determined by an
program for the purpose of resolving the major technical problems
economic assessment;
inhibiting commercial utilization of solar energy in the United States.
(3) the immediate and the potential uses of the solar energy
(b) In connection with or as a part of such program, the Chairman
utilized in the project;
shall-
(4) long-term national need for the technology;
(1) conduct, encourage, and promote scientific research and
(5) environmental impact;
studies to develop effective and economical processes and equip-
(6) potential for technology transfer to other applications;
ment for the purpose of utilizing solar energy in an acceptable
and
manner for beneficial uses;
(7) the nature and extent of Federal participation, if any, in
(2) carry out sustems economic, social. and environmental
the project.
studies to provide a basis for research, development and demon-
(c) In carrying out his responsibilities under this section, the
stration planning and phasing; and
Chairman, acting through the appropriate Federal agencies, may
(3) perform or cause to be performed technology assessments
provide for the establishment of one or more demonstration projects
relevant to the utilization of solar energy.
utilizing each form of solar energy, which shall include, as appro-
6
7
priate, the specific research, development, pilot plant construction and
reviewing, processing, and disseminating information and data in all
operation, demonstration plant construction and operation, and other
of the solar energy technologies referred to in section 7(c) in a timely
facilities and activities which may be necessary to show commercial
and accurate manner in support of the objectives of this Act.
viability of the specific solar technology.
(2) Information and data compiled in the bank shall include-
(d) The Chairman, acting through the appropriate Federal agen-
(A) technical information (including reports, journal articles,
cies, is authorized to investigate and enter into agreements for the
dissertations, monographs, and project descriptions) on solar en-
cooperative development of facilities to demonstrate solar technologies.
ergy research, development, and applications;
The responsible Federal agency may consider-
(B) similar technical information on the design, construction,
(1) cooperative agreements with non-Federal entities for con-
and maintenance of equipment utilizing solar energy;
struction of facilities and equipment to demonstrate solar energy
(C) general information on solar energy applications to be
technologies; and
disseminated for popular consumption;
(2) cooperative agreements with other Federal agencies for the
(D) physical and chemical properties of materials required for
construction of facilities and equipment and operation of facilities
solar energy activities and equipment; and
to produce energy for direct Federal utilization.
(E) engineering performance data on equipment and devices
(e) The Chairman, acting through appropriate Federal agencies
utilizing solar energy.
is authorized to construct and operate demonstration projects without
(3) In accordance with regulations prescribed under section 12, the
entering into cooperative agreements with respect to such projects, if
Chairman shall provide retrieval and dissemination services with re-
the Chairman finds that—
spect to the information described under paragraph (2) for-
(1) the nature of the resource, the geographical location, the
(A) Federal, State, and local government organizations that
scale and engineering design of the facilities, the techniques of
are active in the area of energy resources (and their contractors) ;
production, or any other significant factor of the specific demon-
(B) universities and colleges in their related research and con-
stration project offers opportunities to make important contribu-
sulting activities; and
tions to the general knowledge of solar resources, the techniques
(C) the private sector upon request in appropriate cases.
of its development, or public confidence in the technology; and
(4) In carrying out his functions under this subsection, the Chair-
(2) there is no opportunity for cooperative agreements with
man shall utilize, when feasible, the existing data base of scientific and
any non-Federal entity witting and able to cooperate in the
technical information in Federal agencies, adding to such data base
demonstration project under subsection (d) (1), and there is no
any information described in paragraph (2) which does not already
opportunity for cooperative agreements with other Federal agen-
reside in such base. He shall coordinate or merge this data bank with
cres under subsection (d) (2).
other Federal energy information data banks as necessary to assure
(f) If the estimate of the Federal investment with respect to con-
efficient and effective operation.
struction and operation costs of any demonstration project proposed
(b) In carrying out his functions under this Act the Chairman
to be established under this section exceeds $20,000,000. no amount may
shall perform or cause to be performed studies and research on incen-
be appropriated for such project except as specifically authorized by
tives to promote broader utilization and consumer acceptance of solar
legislation hereafter enacted by the Congress.
energy technologies.
(g) (1) At the conclusion of any demonstration project established
(c) The Chairman shall enter into such arrangements and take such
under this section, or as soon thereafter as may be practicable, the
other steps as may be necessary or appropriate to provide for the effec-
responsible Federal agencies shall, by sale, lease, or otherwise, dispose
tive coordination of solar energy technology utilization with all other
of all Federal property interests which they have acquired pursuant
technology utilization programs within the Federal Government.
to this section in accordance with existing law and the terms of the
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION
cooperative agreements involved.
(2) The agency involved shall, under appropriate agreements or
SEC. 9. The Chairman, acting through the National Science Foun-
other arrangements, provide for the disposition of electricity, syn-
dation, is authorized and directed to support programs of education
thetic fuels, and other byproducts of the project administered by such
in the sciences and engineering to provide the necessary trained per-
agency.
sonnel to perform the solar energy research, development, and dem-
onstration activities required under this Act. Such support may
SOLAR ENERGY TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION
include fellowships, traineeships, technical training programs, tech-
SEC. 8. (a) (1) In carrying out his functions under this Act the
nologist training programs, and summer institute programs.
Chairman, utilizing the capabilities of the National Science Founda-
tion, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Depart-
SOLAR ENERGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
ment of Commerce, the Atomic Energy Commission, and other appro-
Sec. 10. (a) There is established a Solar Energy Research Insti-
priate Federal agencies to the maximum extent possible, shall establish
tute, which shall perform such research, development, and related
and operate a Solar Energy Information Data Bank (hereinafter in
functions as the Chairman may determine to be necessary or appro-
this subsection referred to as the "bank") for the purpose of collecting,
8
9
priate in connection with the Project's activities under this Act or to
mitment for effectively developing solar energy resources. The Chair-
be otherwise in furtherance of the purpose and objectives of this Act.
man, in preparing such program definition, shall utilize and consult
(b) The Institute may be located (as designated by the Chairman
with the appropriate Federal agencies, State and local government
at any new or existing Federal laboratory (including a non-Federal
agencies, and private organizations.
laboratory performing functions under a contract entered into with
(b) The Chairman shall transmit such comprehensive program
the Project or with any of the agencies represented in the Project as
definition to the President and to each House of the Congress. An
well as a laboratory whose personnel are Federal employees).
interim report shall be transmitted not later than March 1, 1975. The
comprehensive program definition shall be transmitted as soon as
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
possible thereafter, but in any case not later than June 30, 1975.
SEC. 11. (a) The Chairman, in furtherance of the objectives of this
TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS
Act, is authorized to cooperate and participate jointly with other
nations, especially those with agreements for scientific cooperation
SEC. 16. Within sixty days after the effective date of the law creat-
with the United States, in the following activities:
ing a permanent Federal organization or agency having jurisdiction
(1) interinstitutional. bilateral, or multilateral research proj-
over the energy research and development functions of the United
ects in the field of solar energy; and
States (or within sixty days after the date of the enactment of this
(2) agreements and programs which will facilitate the exchange
Act if the effective date of such law occurs prior to the date of the
of information and data relating to solar energy resource assess-
enactment of this Act), all of the authorities of the Project and all of
ment and solar energy technologies.
the research and development functions (and other functions except
(b) The Natinal Science Foundation is authorized to encourage, to
those related to scientific and technical education) vested in Federal
the maximum extent practicable and consistent with the other objec-
agencies under this Act along with related records, documents, per-
tives of this Act, international participation and cooperation in the
sonnel, obligations, and other items, to the extent necessary or appro-
development and maintenance of programs of education to carry out
priate, shall, in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Office
the policy set forth in section 9.
of Management and Budget, be transferred to and vested in such orga-
nization or agency.
REGULATIONS
AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS
SEC. 12. The Chairman in consultation with the heads of the Federal
agencies having functions under this Act and with other appropriate
SEC. 17. To carry out the provisions of this Act, there are authorized
officers and agencies, shall prescribe such regulations as may be neces-
to be appropriated-
sary or appropriate to carry out this Act promptly and efficiently.
(1) for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1976, $75,000,000;
Each such officer or agency, in consultation with the Chairman, may
(2) for subsequent fiscal years, only such sums as the Congress
prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry
hereafter may authorize by law;
out his or its particular functions under this Act promptly and
(3) such amounts as may be authorized for the construction of
efficiently.
demonstrations pursuant to section 7(f) of this Act; and
ANNUAL REPORTS
(4) to the National Science Foundation for the fiscal year end-
ing June 30, 1975, not to exceed $2,000,000 to be made available
SEC. 13. The Chairman shall report, on an annual basis, to the Presi-
for use in the preparation of the comprehensive program defini-
dent and the Congress all actions taken under the provisions of this
tion under section 15.
Act, all action planned for the ensuing year, and, to the extent practi-
And the House agree to the same.
cal, a projection of activities and funding requirements, for the en-
That the House recede from its amendment to the title of the Senate
suing five years. The Chairman also shall recommend. as he deems
bill.
appropriate, any legislation or reorganization which might further the
OLIN E. TEAGUE,
purposes of this Act.
MIKE McCormack,
DON FUQUA,
INFORMATION TO CONGRESS
JAMES W. SYMINGTON,
Sec. 14. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Chairman
CHARLES A. MOSHER,
(or the head of any agency which assumes the functions of the Project
BARRY M. GOLDWATER, Jr.,
pursuant to section 16) shall keep the appropriate committees of the
JOHN W. WYDLER,
House of Representatives and the Senate fully and currently informed
Managers on the Part of the House.
with respect to all activities under this Act.
HENRY M. JACKSON,
J. BENNETT JOHNSTON, Jr.,
COMPREHENSIVE PROGRAM DEFINITION
FLOYD K. HASKELL,
SEC. 15. (a) The Chairman is authorized and directed to prepare
PAUL FANNIN,
a comprehensive program definition of an integrated effort and com-
JAMES McCLURE,
Managers on the Part of the Senate.
JOINT EXPLANATORY STATEMENT OF THE
COMMITTEE OF CONFERENCE
The managers on the part of the House and the Senate at the con-
ference on the disagreeing votes of the two Houses on the amendments
of the House to the bill (S. 3234) to authorize a vigorous Federal
program of research, development, and demonstration to assure the
utilization of solar energy as a viable source for our national energy
needs, and for other purposes, submit the following joint statement
to the House and the Senate in explanation of the effect of the action
agreed upon by the managers and recommended in the accompanying
conference report:
The House amendment to the text of the bill struck out all of the
Senate bill after the enacting clause and inserted a substitute text.
The Senate recedes from its disagreement to the amendment of the
House with an amendment which is a substitute for the Senate bill
and the House amendment. The differences between the Senate bill,
the House amendment, and the substitute agreed to in conference are
noted below, except for clerical corrections, conforming changes made
necessary by agreements reached by the conferees, and minor drafting
and clarifying changes.
SHORT TITLE
Senate bill
The Senate bill provided that this legislation may be cited as the
"Solar Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of
1974".
House amendment
The House amendment was the same as the Senate bill.
Conference substitute
The conference substitute is the same as the Senate bill.
FINDINGS AND POLICY
Senate bill
Section 2(a) of the Senate bill made the following findings: (1)
dependence on nonrenewable energy resources cannot be continued in-
definitely; (2) renewable energy resources, such as solar energy, should
be developed; (3) research and development with respect to solar
energy has been extremely limited; and (4) the Nation should under-
take a 5-year, $1 billion research, development, and demonstration
program with respect to energy alternatives.
Section 2(b) of the Senate bill provided that it is the policy of the
Federal Government to (1) pursue a solar energy research and devel-
opment program; and (2) develop and demonstrate methods for the
commercial use of solar energy.
(11)
12
13
House amendment
1. The term "solar energy" was defined to mean energy which has
Section 2 of the House amendment was essentially the same as sec-
recently originated in the Sun, including direct and indirect solar
tion 2(a) of the Senate bill, except that the House amendment made
radiation and various intermediate solar energy forms.
the following additional findings: (1) society depends on an ample
2. The term "byproduct" was defined to include, with respect to
supply of energy; (2) the imbalance between the supply and de-
solar energy technologies and processes, any solar energy products
mand for fuels and energy probably will persist; (3) solar energy
other than those associated with or constituting the primary product
technologies presently are at widely differing stages of development;
of such technologies or processes.
(4) the United States balance of trade would be improved by the
3. The term "insolation" was defined to mean the rate at which
export of viable equipment utilizing solar energy; and (5) mass
solar energy is received at the surface of the earth. Such term covered
production and use of equipment utilizing solar energy would make
both direct and scattered solar radiation.
the United States less dependent upon foreign energy sources.
4. The term "Project" was defined in the same manner as in the
Section 3 of the House amendment was essentially the same as sec-
Senate bill.
tion 2(b) of the Senate bill.
Conference substitute
Conference substitute
The conference substitute is the same as the House amendment, ex-
The conference substitute is the same as the Senate bill, with the
cept that the conference substitute incorporates the definition of
following changes:
"Chairman" contained in the Senate bill.
1. The conference substitute incorporates the 5 findings of the House
amendment which were not contained in the Senate bill.
COORDINATION AND MANAGEMENT PROJECT
2. The conference substitute changes the second finding made by
Senate bill
the Senate bill in order to stress that development of renewable and
nonpolluting energy resources shold be expedited.
Section 4(a) of the Senate bill established the Solar Energy Co-
3. The conferees agree that the objective of this legislation is to
ordination and Management Project (hereinafter in this statement
achieve, at the earliest possible date, the commercial viability of
referred to as the "Project").
various applications of solar energy technology. They also agree that
Section 4(b) provided that the Project would be composed of 6
suggesting a specific time period, within which this goal could be
members as follows: (1) an Assistant Director of the National Science
reached for any particular technology or group of technologies, is
Foundation (hereinafter in this statement referred to as "NSF")
premature. The conference substitute, therefore, omits reference to a
(2) an Assistant Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (here-
5-year period in the fourth finding made by the Senate bill.
inafter in this statement referred to as "HUD") (3) a member of
Consistent with this, the conferees agree to alter the Senate language
the Federal Power Commission (hereinafter in this statement referred
which estimated a need for a Federal investment of $1 billion over 5
to as "FPC") (4) an Associate Administrator of the National Aero-
years to carry out the provisions of this legislation. They agree that,
nautics and Space Administration (hereinafter in this statement re-
while an outlay of this magnitude or more may well be required, it is
ferred to as "NASA") ; (5) the General Manager of the Atomic En-
too early to define the necessary level of expenditures. They therefore
ergy Commission (hereinafter in this statement referred to as
agree to qualify the $1 billion figure by stating that the financial needs
"AEC") ; and (6) a member designated by the President.
of the program may "
reach or exceed
"
that
amount.
The
Section 4(b) also provided that the President shall designate one
conferees agree that these changes from the Senate bill are not meant
member of the Project to serve as Chairman of the Project.
to contravene the intent of proceeding expeditiously toward achieving
Section 4(c) provided that the Project shall be responsible for the
the purpose of the legislation.
management and coordination of a national solar energy research,
development, and demonstration program.
DEFINITIONS
House amendment
Senate bill
Section 5(a) of the House amendment was the same as section 4(a)
Section 3 of the Senate bill contained the following definitions:
of the Senate bill. Section 5(b) of the House amendment was essen-
1. The term "utilization of solar energy" was defined to mean
tially the same as section 4(b) of the Senate bill.
various advanced technology applications of solar energy.
Section 5(c) of the House amendment was essentially the same as
2. The term "Project" was defined to mean the Solar Energy Co-
section 4(c) of the Senate bill, except that the House amendment
ordination and Management Project.
provided that the solar energy research, development, and demonstra-
3. The term "Chairman" was defined to mean the Chairman of the
tion program shall include (1) determination and evaluation of
Project.
the resource base; (2) research and development on solar energy
House amendment
technologies; and (3) demonstration of appropriate solar energy
technologies.
Section 4 of the House amendment contained the following defini-
Section 5(d) of the House amendment provided that the Project
tions:
shall cooperate with NSF, NASA, AEC, HUD, and FPC, in carrying
14
15
out its responsibilities under section 5. Such subsection also provided
sources; (3) developing proposed agreements and programs with other
for the responsibilities of each such agency and authorized the head of
countries with respect to solar energy resources assessment; and (4)
each such agency to detail personnel to the Project.
developing arrangements for the flow of information and data with
Section (e) of the House amendment provided that the Project
respect to solar energy resources assessment.
shall have overall authority with respect to programs and projects
Section 6(b) of the House amendment required the Chairman, act-
initiated under this legislation. The agencies involved, however, shall
ing through NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad-
be responsible for the operation and administration of each such pro-
ministration, to (1) develop a plan for inventorying solar energy
gram or project.
resources associated with Federal lands and, to the extent consistent
Section 5(f) of the House amendment authorized NASA to under-
with property rights, with non-Federal lands; (2) conduct regional
take and carry out-programs assigned to it by the Project.
surveys leading to a national inventory of solar energy resources; (3)
Conference substitute
make available maps and reports developed from such surveys to en-
The conference substitute is the same as the House amendment, with
courage commercial development of solar energy resources; and (4)
make recommendations for legislation with respect to Federal leasing
the following changes:
1. The conference substitute provides that if the member of the
policies for solar energy resources.
Project designated by the President is an officer or employee of the
Conference substitute
Federal Government, he shall receive no additional salary. If he is
The conference substitute is the same as the House amendment, ex-
not an officer or employee of the Federal Government, he shall receive
cept that the conference substitute omits the provision relating to
the daily equivalent of the annual rate of pay for level IV of the
developing proposed agreements and programs with other countries
Executive Schedule for each day during which he serves as a member.
with respect to solar energy resources assessment, since provisions re-
2. The conference substitute specifies that the responsibilities of
lating to international cooperation are contained in a new section
HUD shall be carried out pursuant to the Solar Heating and Cooling
added by the conference substitute.
Demonstration Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-409 88 Stat. 1069).
The conference substitute also authorizes NSF to encourage inter-
3. The conference substitute provides that the responsibilities of
national participation and cooperation in developing and maintaining
NSF are altered with regard to overall funding. Presently, NSF is
programs of technical and scientific education.
the lead agency for solar energy R. & D. It is consistent with the in-
tent of the conferees for appropriations to the Project to be made
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
through NSF in fiscal year 1976 and beyond. The deletion of "basic
Senate bill
and applied" in describing NSF research responsibilities is consistent
Section 5 of the Senate bill provided that the Chairman shall initiate
with the conferees' desire to not change the character of NSF
a research and development program to resolve technical prob-
programs.
lems with respect to commercial utilization of solar energy. Sec-
4. Section 5 (c) (1) of the House amendment, as incorporated by the
tion 5 also provided that such program shall include (1) scientific
conference substitute, refers to a general survey of the solar resource
research and studies to develop solar energy processes and equipment;
base. It is anticipated that detailed assessments will be made in spe-
(2) systems, economic, social, and environmental studies with respect
cific geographical areas, in addition to the general surveys, in con-
to use of solar energy; (3) technical assessments with respect to use of
junction with demonstrations.
solar energy; and (4) cooperation with other nations in interinstitu-
The conferees intend that the Project should, whenever applicable,
tional, bilateral, or multilateral research projects with respect to solar
cooperate with and make use of the expertise of other Federal agen-
energy.
cies not included as members of the Project, such as the Federal En-
Section 5 also provided that the program shall deal with specific
ergy Administration and the National Oceanic Atmospheric Admin-
solar energy technologies, including (1) direct solar heat as a source
istration.
for industrial processes; (2) thermal energy conversion; (3) conver-
RESOURCE DETERMINATION AND ASSESSMENT
sion of cellulose and other organic materials to useful energy or fuels;
Senate bill
(4) photovoltaic and other direct conversion processes; (5) sea ther-
mal power conversion; and (6) windpower conversion.
No provision.
House amendment
House amendment
Section 7(a) of the House amendment required the Chairman to
Section 6(a) of the House amendment required the Chairman to
initiate a research and development program to facilitate commercial
initiate a solar energy resource determination and assessment pro-
utilization of solar energy resources. Section 7(b) provided for the
gram. This program, which shall emphasize the identification of prom-
conduct of (1) basic research in all aspects of solar energy resources;
ising areas for commercial exploitation and development, shall have
(2) various environmental and other studies to provide a basis for
the following goals: (1) developing methods to predict the avail-
research and development planning and phasing; (3) technology
ability of solar energy resources; (2) developing instrumentation,
assessments; and (4) development of means to use the solar energy
methodology and procedures necessary to measure solar energy re-
resource base, with specific attention directed to (A) improving the
16
17
capability to predict environmental impacts of solar energy resources
of any demonstration programs authorized by the Congress. Section
development; (B) identifying social, legal, and economic problems
9(b) provided that if, on the date of submission of the report required
associated with solar energy resources development; and (C) develop-
by section 7(b) of the Senate bill, ERDA has not been established,
ment of agreements with other countries to exchange information and
then the President shall designate an appropriate agency to carry out
support cooperative research.
the functions of section 9(a).
Section 7(c) was essentially the same as those provisions of section
5 of the Senate bill which required the program to deal with specific
House amendment
solar energy technologies, except that the House amendment also in-
Section 8(a) of the House amendment authorized the Chairman
cluded (1) solar heating and cooling of housing and of commercial
to initiate a program to design and operate facilities or powerplants
and public buildings; and (2) energy storage.
to demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing solar energy. Section 8(a)
Conference substitute
also established various goals of such program.
Section 8(b) authorized the Chairman to establish one or more
The conference substitute is the same as the House amendment, ex-
demonstration projects utilizing each form of solar energy. The Chair-
cept that the conference substitute adopts the approach of the Senate
man was given authority to obtain, through appropriate Federal agen-
bill with respect to the requirement of scientific research and studies
cies, plants and other real property used in any demonstration project.
to develop solar energy processes and equipment.
Any agency designated by the Chairman to conduct a demonstra-
tion project shall provide for the disposal of electric energy and other
DEMONSTRATION
byproducts of such project. Such disposition, to the maximum extent
Senate bill
possible, shall be achieved through the sale of such electric energy
Section 6 of the Senate bill required the Chairman to (1) solicit
or other byproducts.
proposals for demonstration plants with respect to each technology
Section 8(c) authorized the Chairman, acting through appropriate
described in section 5(c) of the Senate bill; such proposals shall in-
Federal agencies, to enter into agreements with non-Federal entities
clude a description of (A) the proposed plant or facility; (B) an eco-
for the development of solar demonstration facilities.
nomic assessment of costs and benefits of the project; (C) an assess-
Section 8(d) required the responsible Federal agencies, at the con-
ment of uses of solar energy utilized in the project; and (D) the nature
clusion of the program established under section 8, to dispose of Fed-
and extent of any anticipated Federal participation; (2) select pro-
eral property interests which have been acquired pursuant to such
posals for demonstration, based upon (A) economic costs and feasibil-
program. Such disposition shall be on such terms and conditions as the
ity; (B) national interest considerations with respect to the techno-
agency determines to be reasonable, or in accordance with the terms of
logy; (C) environmental impact; (D) potential for technology
any cooperative agreement which is involved.
transfer to other applications; and (E) likelihood of success for com-
Section 8(e) provided that preference shall be given to solar
mercial application; and (3) conduct feasibility studies for a full-
energy technologies with the best opportunity for commercial suc-
scale demonstration program for each of the specific selected proposals.
cess and environmental acceptability in selecting technologies for
Section 8(a) of the Senate bill provided that the Chairman, in co-
demonstration.
operation with the AEC, may initiate small-scale demonstration pro-
Conference substitute
grams involving a total Federal investment of not more than $20
The conference substitute authorizes the Chairman to initiate a
million. Section 8 (b) provided that the AEC shall be directly respon-
sible for administering construction contracts and agreements with
program to construct demonstration facilities or powerplants for the
non-Federal participants in the small-scale demonstrations.
development and use of solar energy. The goals of such program
Section 8(c) authorized the AEC to enter into agreements with non-
include (1) production of electricity from a number of powerplants,
Federal utilities, industries, and governmental entities for the con-
ranging from 1 to 10 megawatts each; (2) production of synthetic fuels
struction and operation of small-scale demonstration programs.
in commercial quantities; (3) use of solar energy in the form of
Section 8(d) provided that no agreement shall be entered into
direct heat; and (4) use of thermal and all other byproducts; (5)
under section 8 unless the Chairman determines that (1) the nature of
design and development of hybrid systems; and (6) continuous opera-
the resource, location, and facilities involved, offers an opportunity to
tion of the facilities or powerplants for a period of time.
contribute to the development of solar energy; (2) the potential non-
The conference substitute provides that, with respect to each solar
Federal participants are willing and capable to make contributions to-
energy technology for which a development program is completed,
the Chairman shall determine whether to proceed to demonstration.
ward the capital cost of the program; and (3) the development of
His determination shall be based, in part, upon consideration of the
benefits under the program is unlikely to be accomplished without
Federal assistance.
following criteria: (1) technological feasibility of the project; (2)
Section 9(a) of the Senate bill provided that, after establishment of
costs and benefits of the project; (3) uses of the solar energy to be
the Energy Research and Development Administration (hereinafter
utilized in the project; (4) long-term national need for the technology
in this statement referred to as "ERDA"), the Administrator of
involved in the project; (5) environmental impact; (6) potential
of technology transfer to other applications; and (7) the nature and
ERDA shall administer contracts for the construction and operation
extent of any Federal participation in the project.
18
19
The conference substitute also provides that the Chairman, acting
required to utilize the existing scientific and technical information
through the appropriate Federal agencies, may establish one or more
data base of Federal agencies, and to coordinate or merge the data
demonstration projects utilizing each form of solar energy. The con-
bank established under section 11 (a) with other Federal energy in-
ference substitute authorizes the Chairman, acting through the appro-
formation data banks as necessary to assure efficient operation.
priate Federal agencies, to investigate and enter into agreements for
Section 11(b) required the Chairman to establish a solar energy
the cooperative development of facilities to demonstrate solar energy
incentives task force. The functions of such task force are as follows:
technologies. The responsible Federal agencies may consider (1) co-
(1) report to the President and to the Congress with respect to pro-
operative agreements with non-Federal entities; and (2) cooperative
grams to accelerate commercial application and consumer utilization
agreements with other Federal agencies for production of energy for
of solar energy technology; (2) conduct a program of research and
direct Federal utilization.
investigation concerning problems in developing and utilizing solar
The conference substitute also authorizes the Chairman, acting
energy; and (3) carry on a program of research and investigation con-
through the appropriate Federal agencies, to operate demonstration
cerning social, legal, and economic barriers to public acceptance and
projects without entering into any cooperative agreements with respect
use of solar energy.
to such projects, if the Chairman finds that (1) the nature of the
Section 11 (c) required the Chairman to make arrangements to co-
resource, location, and facilities involved, offers an opportunity to
ordinate solar energy technology utilization with other Federal tech-
contribute to the development of solar energy; and (2) there is no
nology utilization programs.
opportunity for agreements with non-Federal entities or with other
Conference substitute
Federal agencies.
The conference substitute provides that if the estimate of Federal
The conference substitute is the same as the House amendment, with
investment in a demonstration project exceeds $20 million, then no
the following changes:
amount may be appropriated for such project except as specifically
1. The conference substitute specifically requires the data bank to
authorized by legislation hereafter enacted by the Congress.
compile information and data on solar energy applications which
The conference substitute also provides that, at the conclusion of
would be appropriate for popular consumption.
a demonstration project, the responsible Federal agencies shall dispose
2. The conference substitute omits the provision of the House amend-
of all Federal property interests in the project in a manner consistent
ment which required establishment of a solar energy incentives task
with existing law and the terms of the cooperative agreements in-
force. In place of such provision, the conference substitute includes a
volved. The conference substitute also provides that the Federal
provision which requires the Chairman to perform studies and re-
agency involved shall dispose of electricity, synthetic fuels, and other
search on incentives to promote broader use and consumer acceptance
byproducts of the project administered by such agency.
of solar energy technologies.
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION
SOLAR ENERGY TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION
Senate bill
Senate bill
Section 12 of the Senate bill authorized the Chairman, acting
Section 10 (a) of the Senate bill authorized and directed the Chair-
through NSF, to support education programs to provide the neces-
man to collect and disseminate information and data with respect to
sary trained personnel to perform solar energy research, development,
applications of solar energy developed under this legislation, includ-
and demonstration activities required under this legislation. Section 12
ing (1) technical information resulting from research and demonstra-
provided that such support may include fellowships, traineeships,
tion programs specified under sections 5, 6, and 8 of the Senate bill;
technical training programs, technologist training programs. and
and (2) general information on solar energy applications.
summer institute programs.
Section 10(b) provided that the Chairman shall encourage develop-
House amendment
ment of agreements and programs with other countries to exchange
Section 9 of the House amendment provided that it is the policy of
information relating to solar energy resource assessment.
the Congress to encourage programs to provide trained personnel to
Section 11 of the Senate bill provided that the Chairman shall take
carry out solar energy research, development, and demonstration
necessary steps to coordinate solar energy technology utilization with
activities. NSF was authorized to support educational programs de-
all other technology utilization programs of the Federal Government.
signed to effectuate such policy. NSF was required to coordinate its
House amendment
activities with the Project or any permanent Federal organization or
Section 11 (a) of the House amendment required the Chairman to
agency having jurisdiction over Federal research and development
establish a Solar Energy Information Data Bank to collect and dis-
functions. NSF also was authorized to encourage, to the maximum
seminate information and data with respect to solar energy technol-
extent possible and consistent with other objectives of this legislation,
ogies. The Chairman was required to provide retrieval and dissemina-
international participation and cooperation with respect to educa-
tion services for Federal, State, and local governmental organizations,
tional programs.
universities and colleges, and the private sector. The Chairman was
20
21
Conference substitute
Conference substitute
The conference substitute is the same as the Senate bill, except that
The conference substitute is the same as the House amendment.
the conference substitute authorizes and directs the Chairman to sup-
port such education programs, instead of allowing such support to be a
ANNUAL REPORTS
matter of discretion.
Senate bill
Section 13 of the Senate bill required the Chairman to report on an
SOLAR ENERGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
annual basis to the President and to the Congress with respect to (1)
Senate bill
actions taken under this legislation; (2) actions planned for the
Section 14 of the Senate bill established a Solar Energy Research
ensuing year; and (3) to the extent practical, activities and funding
Institute, which shall perform functions assigned to it by the Chair-
requirements for the ensuing 5 years. The Chairman was required to
man. The Chairman may locate such Institute at any Federal labora-
recommend, as he deems appropriate, any legislation or reorganization
tory or any non-Federal laboratory if such laboratory is under con-
which may further the purposes of this legislation.
tract with the Project, or any Federal agency represented in the
House amendment
Project, if the personnel of such laboratory are Federal employees.
Section 12 of the House amendment required each Federal agency
House amendment
with functions under this legislation to report to the President and to
Section 10 of the House amendment was the same as section 14 of
the Congress with respect to the activities of such agency. The
the Senate bill.
Chairman was required to transmit an annual special report to the
Conference substitute
President and to the Congress summarizing all activities under this
The conference substitute is the same as the Senate bill.
legislation.
Conference substitute
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
The conference substitute is the same as the Senate bill.
Senate bill
Section 5 of the Senate bill required the Chairman to seek cooper-
INFORMATION TO CONGRESS
ation with other nations regarding various solar energy research
Senate bill
projects. Section 10(b) of the Senate bill required the Chairman to
No provision.
encourage agreements with other countries regarding exchange of
House amendment
information relating to solar energy resource assessment.
Section 15 of the House amendment required the Chairman, or any
House amendment
organization or agency which assumes the functions of the Project
Sections 6, 7, and 9 of the House amendment contained provisions
under section 14 of the House amendment, to inform the appropriate
relating to international cooperation which were similar to the pro-
committees of the Congress with respect to activities under this
visions of the Senate bill.
legislation.
Conference substitute
Conference substitute
The conference substitute combined the provisions of the Senate
The conference substitute is the same as the House amendment.
and House versions into one single section specifically addressed to
international cooperation. The conferees agree that the development
COMPREHENSIVE PROGRAM DEFINITION
of solar energy will be enhanced by cooperation with other nations in
Senate bill
the research projects established by this legislation and in the mutual
Section 7 of the Senate bill required the Chairman to report to the
exchange of information and data.
President and to the Congress, no later than one year after the date
of the enactment of this legislation, on the results of feasibility studies
REGULATIONS
conducted under section 6(c) of the Senate bill. Such reports were
Senate bill
required to contain, as appropriate, requests for authorization for the
No provision.
construction of demonstration plants to be pursued to full-scale
House amendment
application.
Section 13 of the House amendment required the Chairman, together
House amendment
with Federal agencies with functions under this legislation and other
Section 16(a) of the House amendment required the Chairman, in
appropriate officers and agencies, to prescribe such regulations as may
consultation with the Federal Energy Administration, NSF, HUD.
be necessary or appropriate to carry out this legislation.
22
23
FPC, NASA, AEC, other appropriate Federal agencies, State and
House amendment
local government agencies, and private organizations, to prepare
Section 17 (a) of the House amendment authorized the appropria-
a comprehensive program definition for the development of solar
tion of not more than $2 million to NSF for fiscal year 1975 for use in
energy resources.
preparing the program definition under section 16 of the House
Section 16 (b) required the Chairman to transmit interim reports to
amendment.
the President and to the Congress with respect to such program defini-
Section 17 (b) authorized the appropriation of such sums as the
tion no later than December 31, 1974, and January 31, 1975. The com-
Congress may hereafter authorize by law for fiscal years beginning
pleted program definition shall be transmitted no later than June 30,
after June 30, 1975.
1975.
Conference substitute
Conference substitute
The conference substitute is the same as the Senate bill, with the
The conference substitute is the same as the House amendment,
following changes:
except that the conference substitute requires only one interim report,
1. The conference substitute reduces the authorization of appropria-
which shall be transmitted no later than March 1, 1975.
tions for fiscal year 1976 to $75 million.
The conferees agree that the final report should be transmitted no
2. The conference substitute includes the provision of the House
later than June 30, 1975. They agree that the urgent need to develop
amendment relating to the $2 million authorization of appropriations
an integrated solar energy research, development, and demonstration
to NSF for fiscal year 1975 for use in preparing the program definition.
program warrants accelerating the completion of this program
The conferees adopted the $75 million authorization of appropria-
definition.
tions for fiscal year 1976 SO as to be more in line with the projected
The conferees intend that the project member agencies as well as
budget figure under consideration by the Administration. The con-
the Federal Energy Administration, the National Oceanic and Atmos-
ferees agree that reducing the authorization of appropriations for
pheric Administration, and any other appropriate agencies, should
fiscal year 1976 from the Senate figure of $100 million to $75 million
cooperate in the comprehensive program definition.
is not meant to contravene the intent to supply adequate Federal
financial resources for carrying out the vigorous program established
TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS
by this legislation. It is the intent of the conferees that, if additional
Senate bill
funds are needed to carry out the provisions of this legislation during
Section 4(d) of the Senate bill provided that, within 60 days after
fiscal year 1976, authorization of additional funds through the appro-
the date of the énactment of legislation establishing ERDA, the func-
priate committees of the Congress would be warranted and in order.
tions and authorities of the Project shall be transferred to ERDA,
Results of the program definition should be a major consideration in
vested in the Administrator of ERDA, and implemented through the
determining the need for further funding.
Assistant Administrator for Solar, Geothermal, and Advanced En-
It is the understanding of the conferees that authorizations for
ergy Systems.
appropriations made by this legislation are separate from any author-
House amendment
izations made by the Solar Heating and Cooling Demonstration Act of
Section 14 of the House amendment provided that, upon the estab-
1974 (P.L. 93-490; 88 Stat. 1069).
lishment of a permanent Federal organization or agency having juris-
OLIN E. TEAGUE,
diction over the energy research and development functions of the
MIKE McCormack,
United States, the authorities of the Project and the research, develop-
DON Fuqua,
ment, and other functions (other than those related to scientific and
JAMES W. SYMINGTON,
technical education) vested in Federal agencies under this legislation,
CHARLES A. MOSHER,
shall be transferred to and vested in such permanent Federal organi-
BARRY M. GOLDWATER, Jr.,
zation or agency.
JOHN W. WYDLER,
Managers on the Part of the House.
Conference substitute
HENRY M. JACKSON,
The conference substitute is the same as the House amendment.
J. BENNETT JOHNSTON, Jr.,
FLOYD K. HASKELL,
AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS
PAUL FANNIN,
Senate bill
JAMES MCCLURE,
Section 15 of the Senate bill authorized to be appropriated (1) $100
Managers on the Part of the Senate.
million for fiscal year 1976; (2) such amounts as may be authorized
by annual authorization measures in subsequent years; and (3) such
O
amounts as may be authorized for construction of full-scale demon-
strations under section 9(a) of the Senate bill.
Calendar No. 1101
93D CONGRESS
SENATE
REPORT
2d Session
No. 93-1151
SOLAR ENERGY RESEARCH ACT OF 1974
SEPTEMBER 12, 1974.-Ordered to be printed
Mr. JACKSON, from the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs,
submitted the following
REPORT
[To accompany S. 3234]
The Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, to which was
referred the bill (S. 3234) to authorize a vigorous Federal program
of research and development to assure the utilization of solar energy
as a major source for our national energy needs, to provide for the
development of suitable incentives for rapid commercial use of solar
technology and to establish an Office of Solar Energy Research in the
United States Government, having considered the same, reports favor-
ably thereon with amendments and recommends that the bill as
amended do pass.
The amendments are as follows:
1. Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the following
language:
That this Act may be cited as the "Solar Energy Research, Development, and
Demonstration Act of 1974".
DECLARATION OF FINDINGS AND POLICY
SEC. 2. (a) The Congress hereby finds that-
(1) dependence on nonrenewable energy resources cannot be continued
indefinitely, particularly at current rates of consumption;
(2) it is in the Nation's interest to begin to expedite the long term
development of renewable energy resources, such as solar energy ; and
(3) to date, the national effort in research, development, and demonstra-
tion activities relating to the utilization of solar energy has been extremely
limited; therefore
(4) the urgency of the Nation's critical energy shortages and the need to
make clean and renewable energy alternatives commercially viable requires
that the Nation undertake, at a minmum, a five-year $1,000,000,000 research,
development, and demonstration program.
(b) The Congress declares that it is the policy of the Federal Government
to-
(1) pursue a vigorous and viable program of research and development
into the utilization of solar energy as a major source of energy for our
national needs; and
38-010
3
2
(4) photovoltaic and other direct conversion processes;
(2) provide for the development and demonstration of practicable means
(5) sea thermal power conversion and
to employ solar energy on a commercial scale.
(6) windpower conversion.
DEFINITIONS
FULL-SCALE DEMONSTRATIONS
SEC. 3. For the purposes of this Act-
SEC. 6. The Chairman shall-
(1) utilization of solar energy means advanced technology applications
(a) for each of the technologies specified in subsection 5(c), solicit spe-
of solar energy including, but not necessarily limited to, solar thermal and
cific proposals for full-scale demonstration plants. Such proposals shall be
photovoltaic power generation for terrestrial applications, whether situated
for facilities or powerplants of sufficient size to demonstrate the technical
on the ground or in space, wind energy conversion, ocean thermal gradient
and economic feasibility of utilizing the various forms of solar energy, and
conversion, solar stimulated bioconversion, and solar production of synthetic
shall include, at a minimum, a detailed description of
gases and hydrogen;
(1) the proposed plant or facility, including plant site and proposed
(2) the term "Project" means the Solar Energy Coordination and Man-
technology
agement Project and
(2) an economic assessment of the costs and benefits of proposed
(3) the term "Chairman" means the Chairman of the Project.
project
(8) an assessment of both the immediate and potential future uses
MANAGEMENT PROJECTS
for the solar energy utilized in the proposed program and
SEC. 4. (a) There is hereby established the Solar Energy Coordination and
(4) the nature and extent of Federal participation, if any, anticipated
in carrying out the proposal.
Management Project.
(b) (1) The Project shall be composed of six members as follows:
(b) for each of the technologies specified in subsection 5(c), select one or
(A) an Assistant Director of the National Science Foundation;
more specific proposals solicited pursuant to subsection (a), to be pursued
(B) an Assistant Secretary of Housing and Urban Development;
to the point of full-scale demonstration. Such selection shall be made pur-
(C) a member of the Federal Power Commission;
suant to an evaluation of the potential success of each proposal, giving full
(D) an Associate Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space
consideration to the following matters:
Administration:
(1) economic costs and feasibility
(E) the General Manager of the Atomic Energy Commission and
(2) long-term national interest in the technology
(F) a member to be designated by the President.
(3) environmental impact;
(2) The President shall designate one member of the Project to serve as
(4) potential for technology transfer to other applications; and
(5) likelihood of success for commercial application.
Chairman of the Project.
(c) The Project shall have overall responsibility for the provision of effective
(c) conduct feasibility studies for a full-scale demonstration program for
each of the specific selected proposals, identifying any engineering and
management and coordination with respect to a national solar energy research,
technical work (such as the design, construction, and testing of pilot plants,
development, and demonstration program.
modules, or other scaled-down operations), that must be completed prior
(d) Within sixty days from the date of enactment of legislation establishing
to developing processes and plant design concepts to the point of full-scale
a Federal Energy Research and Development Administration, the functions and
demonstration.
authorities of the Project shall be transfered thereto, vested in the Administator
REPORTS
thereof, and implemented through the Assistant Administrator for Solar, Geo-
thermal, and Advanced Energy Systems, to achieve the purposes of this Act.
SEC. 7. (a) Not later than one year after the date of enactment of this Act, the
Chairman shall report to the President and the Congress, on the results of the
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
feasibility studies conducted pursuant to subsection 6(c), together with a re-
quest for authorization for the construction of the demonstration plants to be
SEC. 5. The Chairman shall-
pursued to full-scale application.
(a) Initiate a research and development program for the purpose of resolv-
ing the major technical problems inhibiting commercial utilization of solar
SMALL-SCALE DEMONSTRATION PROGRAMS
energy in the United States.
(b) In connection with or as a part of such program-
SEC. 8. (a) If the Chairman determines that the available level of technology
(1) conduct, encourage, and promote basic scientific research and
and knowledge of the proposal warrants immediate initiation of a small-scale
fundamental studies to develop effective and economical processes and
demonstration involving a total Federal investment of not greater than
equipment for the purpose of utilizing solar energy in an acceptable man-
$20,000,000, the Chairman, in cooperation with the Atomic Energy Commission,
ner for beneficial uses;
is authorized to initiate such demonstrations.
(2) carry out systems, economic, social, and environmental studies to
(b) The Commission shall be the agency directly responsible for the adminis-
provide a basis for research and development planning and phasing; ;
tration of construction contracts and agreements with non-Federal participants
(3) perform or cause to be performed technology assessments relevant
in such demonstrations.
to the utilization of solar energy ; and
(c) The Commission is authorized to investigate, negotiate, and enter into
(4) cooperate and participate jointly with other nations, especially
cooperative agreements with non-Federal utilities, industries, and governmental
those with agreements for scientific cooperation with the United States,
entities for the construction, operation, and maintenance of demonstration de-
in interinstitutional, bilateral or multilateral research projects in the
velopments for the production of electric or heat energy using solar energy
field of solar energy.
technologies.
(c) The specific solar energy technologies to be addressed or dealt with in
(d) No agreement shall be entered into under the authority granted by this
the program shall include-
section unless the Chairman determines that-
(1) direct solar heat as a source for industrial processes, including
(1) the nature of the resource, the geographical location, the scale and
the utilization of low-level heat for process and other industrial
engineering design of the facilities, the techniques of production, or other
purposes;
significant factors of the proposal offer opportunities to make important
(2) thermal energy conversion, and other methods, for the generation
contributions to the general knowledge of solar energy, the techniques of its
of electricity and the production of chemical fuels;
development, or public confidence in the technology;
(3) the conversion of cellulose and other organic materials (including
(2) the potential non-Federal cooperating entities are willing and capable
wastes) to useful energy or fuels;
to make contributions toward the capital cost of the development, to operate
S.R. 1151
S.R. 1151
4
5
the power generation or other commercial facilities, and to provide a market
for any energy produced
2. Amend the title so as to read
(3) the development or the practical benefits of the development as set
An Act to authorize a vigorous Federal program of re-
forth in clause (1) of this subsection are unlikely to be accomplished with-
out Federal assistance.
search, development, and demonstration to assure the utiliza-
tion of solar energy as a viable source for our national energy
ADMINISTRATION OF DEMONSTRATION PROGRAMS
needs, and for other purposes.
SEC. 9. (a) Subsequent to the establishment of the Energy Research and
Development Administration, the Administrator of the Energy Research and
I. PURPOSE OF THE MEASURE
Development Administration, acting through the Assistant Administrator for
Solar, Geothermal, and Advanced Energy Systems shall perform the necessary
The purpose of S. 3234, the "Solar Energy Research Development
contract administration for the construction and operation of any demonstra-
and Demonstration Act of 1974", is to provide for research, develop-
tion programs authorized by the Congress, including contracts for the construc-
tion and operation of pilot plants, modules, and other scaled-down operations
ment and demonstration activities relating to the utilization of ad-
deemed necessary to establish the feasibility of authorized projects.
vanced solar energy technologies. As reported by the Senate Interior
(b) If, on the date of submission of the report specified in subsection 7(b),
Committee, the measure is designed to initiate an aggressive and com-
there has not been established a Federal Energy Research and Development
prehensive program with the administrative framework and financial
Administration, the President shall designate an appropriate agency to carry
out the functions specified in this section and in section 13 of this Act.
support needed to make the widespread use of solar energy econom-
ically and technologically practical. The measure has the following
INFORMATION
major parts:
SEC. 10. (a) The Chairman is authorized and directed to collect, analyze,
1. Astatement of the pressing need of the U.S. to expand and accel-
process, and disseminate information and data on the applications of solar
eratè the development of solar energy, among other of our renewable
energy developed pursuant to this Act. Such data and information shall include:
energy sources, and a declaration of Federal policy to establish an'ade-
(1) technical information resulting from and related to the research and
quately funded national program of research, development and dem-
demonstration programs specified under sections 5, 6, and 8 of this Act;
onstration to ensure the early commercial viability of advanced solar
and
(2) general information on solar energy applications to be disseminated
energy technologies.
for popular consumption.
2. An interim organizational arrangement to coordinate and con-
(b) The Chairman shall encourage the development of agreement and pro-
duct the solar energy research, development and demonstration ac-
grams with other countries, to facilitate the exchange of information and data
tivities established under this measure pending the formal reorgani-
relating to solar energy resource assessment.
zation of Federal energy agencies.
PROGRAM COORDINATION
3. Authorization of appropriations in the amount of $100 million
for fiscal year 1976 to accelerate Federal support for solar energy re-
SEC. 11. The Chairman shall enter into such arrangements and take such
other steps as may be necessary or appropriate to provide for the effective
search and development.
coordination of solar energy technology utilization with all other technology
4. Authority and direction to solicit and evaluate proposals for full-
utilization programs within the Federal Government.
scale demonstration projects for a number of specified solar tech-
nology applications and to report to the Congress recommendations as
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION
to which proposed demonstration facilities should be authorized for
SEC. 12. The Chairman is authorized to support programs of education in the
construction.
sciences and enegineering to provide the necessary trained peronnel to perform
5. Authority to have constructed small scale pilot or demonstration
the solar energy research, development, and demonstration activities required
under this Act. Such support may include fellowships, traineeships, technical
plants if the status of a technology warrants its immediate applica-
training programs, technologist training programs, and summer institute
tion and if the cost for such a plant would not exceed $20,000,000.
programs.
In its entirety, the measure will provide the Congressional initiative
ANNUAL REPORTS
and direction for a coordinated Federal effort in research, develop-
SEC. 13. The Chairman, acting through the Office, shall report, on an annual
ment and demonstration of advanced solar energy technologies. It will
basis, to the President and the Congress all actions taken under the provisions
recognize the need for a Federal commitment to a level of financial
of this Act, all action planned for the ensuing year, and, to the extent practical,
a projection of activities and funding requirements, for the ensuing five years.
support of at least $1 billion over the next 5 years.
Further, he shall recommend, as he deems appropriate, legislation and/or reor-
ganizations which might further the purposes of this Act.
II. BACKGROUND
AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS
The Senate Committee on Interior and Insular ffairs has long been
SEC. 14. (a) To carry out the provisions of this Act, there are authorized to
concerned with the potential uses of solar energy. As early as 1959,
be appropriated-
a measure introduced by Senator Bible, S. 2318, 86th Congress, a bill
(1) for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1976, $100,000,000;
to provide for research and development of practical means for the
(2) such amounts as may be provided by annual authorization measures
in subsequent years and
utilization of solar energy, was referred to the Committee. When the
(3) such amounts as may be authorized for the construction of full-scale
Committee was directed, pursuant to Senate Resolution 45, 92d Con-
demonstrations pursuant to section 9(a) of this Act.
gress, to conduct the National Fuels and Energy Policy Study, it ad-
S.R. 1151
S.R. 1151
6
7
dressed the consideration of solar energy as a viable energy source as
Energy on a similar solar energy bill, S.2819, which was originally
an early part of its investigations. During Committee hearings in
sponsored by Senator Humphrey.
June of 1972 on "Energy Research Policy Alternatives," testimony
S. 3234, as ordered reported unanimously by the Interior Committee
was received on a variety of solar energy applications.
meeting in markup session September 10, was amended to reflect the
The Committee's awareness of the potential contribution of solar
findings of the June 27th hearings and the views of Committee
energy to the achievement of energy self-sufficiency has been evi-
members.
denced by its favorable deliberations involving several solar-related
The cosponsors of S. 3234 are as follows: Mr. Humphrey, Mr. Bible,
bills during the 93d Congress. S. 1283, the National Energy Research
Mr. Church, Mr. Cook, Mr. Fannin, Mr. Haskell, Mr. Hatfield, Mr.
and Development Policy Act, was introduced by Senator Jackson on
Jackson, Mr. Johnston, Mr. Metcalf, Mr. Nelson, Mr. Brock, Mr. Dole,
March 19, 1973, and referred to the Interior Committee for its con-
Mr. Gravel, Mr. Williams, Mr. Pell, Mr. Mondale, Mr. Tower, Mr. Mc-
sideration. This measure includes considerable emphasis on solar
Govern, Mr Montoya, and Mr. Schweiker.
energy opportunities in terms of setting forth a general national re-
search strategy aimed at hastening the commercial application of a
III. NEED FOR THE MEASURE
wide range of non-nuclear energy sources. After being reported fa-
vorably from the Interior Committee, S. 1283 passed the Senate on
The current energy shortage has made it quite clear that we can no
December 7, 1973, and it was approved by the House with amend-
longer rely solely on conventional fuel sources to meet our growing
ments on September 11, 1974.
energy needs. In order to attain the capability of national energy self-
To further accelerate the wide-scale application of solar heating and
sufficiency, a serious Federal commitment must be made to advance
cooling technology the Congress passed H.R. 11864, the Solar Heating
the development and foster the commercial application of our alterna-
and Cooling Demonstration Act of 1974. The Act authorizes the ap-
tive energy sources.
propriation of $60 million over a five-year period to HUD and NASA
The solar radiation which impacts upon the earth is an enormous
for the purpose of achieving the commercial demonstration of solar
potential energy source. For example, the amount of energy from solar
heating and cooling systems in residences and commercial buildings.
radiation falling upon 400 square miles (20 miles by 20 miles) is
The Interior Committee, which held hearings on this bill on June 5th,
equivalent to total present annual U.S. electrical consumption. Dr.
strongly endorsed the final version of the measure which was signed
Alfred J. Eggers, Jr., of the National Science Foundation, noted in
into law by the President on September 3, 1974.
a recent solar report given to the Chairman of the Atomic Energy
Also pending before the Committee is S. 2636, a bill introduced by
Commission that through widespread application of advanced solar
technologies, it is estimated that 10 to 30 percent of the Nation's re-
Senator McGovern, which would authorize appropriations to the Na-
quired input BTU's can be provided by solar energy by the year 2000
tional Science Foundation to carry out research into solar, hdrogen
and as much as 50 percent by the year 2020.
and geothermal resources.
Until quite recently, the idea of harnessing the sun's energy on a
On March 26, 1974, Senator Humphrey introduced S. 3234, the
large-scale was treated more as a curiosity, than as a viable energy
Solar Energy Research Act of 1974, which was referred to the Interior
option. Federal funding for the development of this potentially clean
Committee. Several members of the Committee had joined Senator
and abundant energy source was extremely limited: In fiscal year 1974,
Humphrey as coponsors of the bill.
solar energy was commanding less than 2 percent of the Federal energy
As introduced, S. 3234 established an Office of Solar Energy Re-
R. & D. budget. Although the fiscal year 1975 Federal authorization
search, to be located on an interim basis, in the Atomic Energy Com-
for solar energy is $50,000,000, a substantial increase over the preced-
mission. The Office was to be transferred into the Energy Research and
ing year, a sustained effort requiring expanded government coordina-
Development Administration (ERDA) as soon as that entity, or
tion, participation and financial assistance will be necessary to resolve
another such energy organization would come into being.
the technological and economic problems currently inhibiting the com-
The Office, in cooperation with other Federal agencies actively
mercial utilization of this energy alternative in the United States.
involved in solar energy conversion, would be empowered to undertake
a $600 million, 5-year R. & D. program to accelerate the commercial
IV. SECTION-BY-SECTION ANALYSIS
readiness of solar energy systems. Hearings on S. 3234 were held on
June 27, 1974. The witnesses discussed the background of solar energy
SHORT TITLE
and described the status of national and international research and
development efforts in this field. They also addressed the current and
The short title of this measure is the Solar Energy Research, De-
projected future capability of U.S. and foreign industry in the area
velopment and Demonstration Act of 1974.
of solar energy conversion. They commented on the policy and orga-
nizational aspects of S. 3234. A consensus between Committee members
SECTION 2. DECLARATION OF FINDINGS AND POLICY
and the witnesses was evidenced by the expressed agreement that there
is a pressing need for an intensified Federal program of solar energy
Section 2(a) sets forth the Congress' findings that faced with a de-
In considering S. 3234, the Committee also made use of and built
pleting supply of conventional energy resources, the nation must ac-
upon May 7 and 8 hearings held by the Joint Committee on Atomic
celerate and expand its development of such clean and renewable
R. & D. which could hasten its commercial viability.
S.R. 1151
S.R. 1151
8
9
energy alternatives as solar energy. The section estimates that to make
activies of the Act and to engage in solar energy research agreements
solar energy commercial viable will require at least a five-year $1 bil-
and projects with other nations.
lion research, development and demonstration program and it/declares
A great deal of testimony was received at the Committee's June 27th
(2(b)) it to be the policy of the Federal government to pursue. a
hearings in support of the mutual benefits which could accrue from
program. The Committee's estimate that to make solar energy com-
international cooperation in solar research and development activities.
mercially viable will require a five-year $1 billion program is derived
The language in this section makes clear that to the fullest extent
from a variety of private and Federal agency sources, including the
possible the accumulated expertise of scientists in other nations in the
National Science Foundation and the Fedeal Energy Administration.
field of solar energy should be utilized and not needlessly duplicated
by U.S. scientists.
SECTION 3. DEFINITIONS
Section 5 also delineates the specific advanced solar energy tech-
nologies to be covered by this Act, namely
This section defines utilization of solar energy for purposes of this
1. Solar heat for industrial purposes;
Act as being limited to advanced technology applications. The reason
2. Thermal energy conversion for electric powerplant generation;
for this limiting definition is to avoid any overlap, conflict or duplica-
3. Conversion of organic materials to energy
tion of the scope of this measure with the Solar Heating and Cooling
4. Photovoltaic conversion;
Demonstration Act, which was signed into law on September 3, 1974.
5. Sea thermal power conversion; and
The scope of the present bill encompasses all applications of solar
6. Windpower conversion.
energy not contained in the previous legislation.
SECTION 6. FULL-SCALE DEMONSTRATIONS
SECTION 4. MANAGEMENT PROJECTS
This section provides for active solicitation and careful evaluation
Section 4 establishes an interagency Solar Energy Coordination and
by the Chairman of any proposals for full-scale demonstration of the
Management Project to coordinate and administer the provisions of
advanced solar energy technologies. It requires that feasibility studies
the Act. The Project is to be composed of six members, as follows
be conducted on selected proposals for full-scale demonstrations to
(1) One Assistant Director of the National Science Founda-
determine what further work is needed prior to full-scale application.
tion;
The purpose of this section is to lay further groundwork for, and
(2) One Assistant Secretary of Housing and Urban Develop-
develop to the demonstration stage, at least one specific proposal for
ment;
each of the advanced solar technologies covered by the Act.
(3) One member of the Federal Power Commission;
(4) One Associate Administrator of the National Aeronautics
SECTION 7. REPORTS
and Space Administration;
(5) The General Manager of the Atomic Energy Commission;
This section requires that, not later than one year after the date of
and
enactment, the Chairman submit to the President and to the Congress
(6) One member designated by the President.
a report on the feasibility studies conducted on specific advanced solar
The President shall designate one of the members as Chairman
technology proposals, together with recommendations and requests
of the Project.
for authorization for the construction of the selected demonstration
The section requires that the functions and authorities of the Proj-
activities. The purposes of this provision are twofold: (1) to provide
ect are to be transferred to the Federal Energy Research and De-
a timely impetus to actual full-scale demonstration of the advanced
velopment Administration within 60 days after that agency is estab-
solar technologies; and (2) to afford the opportunity for Congres-
lished. Once ERDA is created, it will be the most appropriate agency
sional oversight of the program.
to carry out the objectives of the Act, consistent with its mandate is to
oversee and coordinate all energy research and development activities
SECTION 8. SMALL-SCALE DEMONSTRATION PROGRAMS
involving the Federal Government.
This section provides that the Chairman may proceed with the con-
SECTION 5. RESEACH AND DEVELOPMENT
struction of a small-scale demonstration plant if the status of a tech-
nology warrants its immediate application and if the Federal cost
This section authorizes and directs the Chairman of the Project to
outlay for such a plant would not exceed $20,000,000. The Atomic
initiate research and development programs fundamental to the com-
Energy Commission is designated as the agency which will be respon-
mercial development of advanced solar energy technologies. These
sible for the administration of advanced design and construction
activities are intended to lay the groundwork for the full-scale dem-
contracts and agreements with non-Federal participants in such dem-
onstration programs provided for in Section 6 of this Act. The Chair-
onstrations. It is also authorized by this section to enter into coopera-
man is directed to carry out economic, environmental, and social
tive agreements with non-Federal entities for the construction,
studies relevant to the planning, development and demonstration
operation and maintenance of demonstration developments for the
S.R. 1151
S.R. 1151
10
11
production of electric or heat energy using solar energy technologies,
No agreements shall be authorized under this section unless the Chair-
jected activities carried out under the Act and recommending the
man determines that
funding requirements needed for carrying out those activities.
(1) The demonstration will offer opportunities to make important
The report shall also include any recomendations by the Project
contributions to achieving objectives of the Act;
which might serve, through structural or functional revisions or
(2) The non-Federal participants will be willing and able to make
additions to the program, to further the objectives of the Act.
some contribution in the form of funds, rights in property, services
or some other valuable consideration; and
SECTION 14. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS
(3) The practical benefits to the development of solar energy of the
proposed demonstration are unlikely to be accomplished without the
This section authorizes the following to be appropriated to carry
Federal assistance authorized by this Act.
out the provisions of the Act:
(1) For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1976, $100,000,000;
(2) Such amounts as may be provided by annual authorization
SECTION 9. ADMINISTRATION OF DEMONSTRATION PROGRAMS
measures in subsequent years; and
It is herein provided that the contracts for the construction and
(3) Such amounts as may be authorized for the construction of
operation of the full-scale demonstration projects will be administered
full-scale demonstrations pursuant to section 9 of the Act.
by the Assistant Administrator for Solar, Geothermal and Advanced
Because of the lack of experience, it is difficult to predetermine the
Energy Systems of the Energy Research and Development Adminis-
schedule of requirements for capital investments in full-scale demon-
tration (or an appropriate alternative to be designated by the Presi-
strations, the amounts which would be authorized beyond fiscal year
dent if ERDA has not been established).
1976, therefore, are not specified in the bill.
SECTION 10. INFORMATION
V. ESTIMATE OF Cost
This section provides for the collection and analysis of data and
In accordance with Section 252(a) of the Legislative Reorganiza-
dissemination, on both a technical and popular level, relating to the
tion Act of 1970 (Public Law 91-150, 91st Cong.) the Committee pro-
applications of advanced solar technologies covered by this Act. It
vides the following estimate of cost of this measure.
also directs the Chairman to encourage the development of agree-
(1) To be authorized for appropriation in fiscal year 1976,
ments and programs with other countries to facilitate the exchange
$100,000,000.
of information and data relating to solar energy resource assessment.
(2) Such amounts as may be provided by annual authorization
The purpose of this section is to assure a more rapid advance of solar
measures in subsequent years to further carry out the provisions of this
energy utilization in all sectors, to facilitate replication of successfully
Act. It is estimated that an authorization of at least $1 billion over a
demonstrated applications, and to increase public understanding of
5-year period would be necessary to achieve the objectives of the Act.
the potential beneficial uses of solar energy.
VI. COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATION
SECTION 11. PROGRAM COORDINATION
The Senate Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs in open
This section requires that the Chairman coordinate the efforts of
markup session on September 10, 1974, by unanimous vote of a
the Project with other Federal agencies engaged in similar activities.
quorum present, recommends that S. 3234 be enacted with the amend-
ments set forth herein.
SECTION 12. SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION
VII. EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS
Financial assistance is authorized by this section to train personnel
to perform the solar energy research, development and demonstration
The comments of appropriate Executive agencies on S. 3234 were
activities required by this Act. The provision recognizes that, because
requested but had not been received as of the date of this report.
solar energy R & D has hitherto been extremely limited, there are in-
sufficient personnel trained in the field to carry out the kind of large-
VIII. CHANGES IN EXISTING LAW
scale program envisions by the Act. It will therefore be necessary to
train a significant number of persons in the requisite skills. The broad
Subsection (4) of Rule XXIX of the Standing Rules of the Senate
phrasing of the language in this section permits significant leeway
requires a statement of any changes in existing law made by the bill
for innovative support programs as well as for more traditional
as ordered reported. S. 3234 as reported makes no amednment to or
assistance.
changes in existing laws.
SECTION 13. ANNUAL REPORTS
This section requires that an annual report be submitted by the
Chairman to the President and the Congress on the ongoing and pro-
S.R. 1151
S.R. 1151
S. 3234
Ainety-third Congress of the United States of America
AT THE SECOND SESSION
Begun and held at the City of Washington on Monday, the twenty-first day of January,
one thousand nine hundred and seventy-four
An Act
To authorize a vigorous Federal program of research, development, and demon-
stration to assure the utilization of solar energy as a viable source for our
national energy needs, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled, That this Act may
be cited as the "Solar Energy Research, Development, and Demonstra-
tion Act of 1974".
DECLARATION OF FINDINGS AND POLICY
SEC. 2. (a) The Congress hereby finds that—
(1) the needs of a viable society depend on an ample supply of
energy;
(2) the current imbalance between domestic supply and demand
for fuels and energy is likely to persist for some time;
(3) dependence on nonrenewable energy resources cannot be
continued indefinitely, particularly at current rates of consump-
tion;
(4) it is in the Nation's interest to expedite the long-term devel-
opment of renewable and nonpolluting energy resources, such
as solar energy;
(5) the various solar energy technologies are today at widely
differing stages of development, with some already near the stage
of commercial application and others still requiring basic
research;
(6) the early development and export of viable equipment
utilizing solar energy, consistent with the established preeminence
of the United States in the field of high technology products, can
make a valuable contribution to our balance of trade;
(7) the mass production and use of equipment utilizing solar
energy will help to eliminate the dependence of the United States
upon foreign energy sources and promote the national defense;
(8) to date, the national effort in research, development, and
demonstration activities relating to the utilization of solar energy
has been extremely limited; therefore
(9) the urgency of the Nation's critical energy shortages and
the need to make clean and renewable energy alternatives com-
mercially viable require that the Nation undertake an intensive
research, development, and demonstration program with an
estimated Federal investment which may reach or exceed
$1,000,000,000.
(b) The Congress declares that it is the policy of the Federal Govern-
ment to-
(1) pursue a vigorous and viable program of research and
resource assessment of solar energy as a major source of energy
for our national needs; and
(2) provide for the development and demonstration of prac-
ticable means to employ solar energy on a commercial scale.
DEFINITIONS
SEC. 3. For the purposes of this Act-
(1) the term "solar energy" means energy which has recently
originated in the Sun, including direct and indirect solar radia-
tion and intermediate solar energy forms such as wind, sea thermal
gradients, products of photosynthetic processes, organic wastes,
and others;
S. 3234-2
(2) the term "byproducts" includes, with respect to any solar
energy technology or process, any solar energy products (includ-
ing energy forms) other than those associated with or constitut-
ing the primary product of such technology or process;
(3) the term "insolation" means the rate at which solar energy
is received at the surface of the Earth;
(4) the term "Project" means the Solar Energy Coordination
and Management Project; and
(5) the term "Chairman" means the Chairman of the Project.
SOLAR ENERGY COORDINATION AND MANAGEMENT PROJECT
SEC. 4. (a) There is hereby established the Solar Energy Coordina-
tion and Management Project.
(b) (1) The Project shall be composed of six members as follows:
(A) an Assistant Director of the National Science Foundation;
(B) an Assistant Secretary of Housing and Urban Develop-
ment;
(C) a member of the Federal Power Commission;
(D) an Associate Administrator of the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration;
(E) the General Manager of the Atomic Energy Commission;
and
(F) a member to be designated by the President.
(2) The President shall designate one member of the Project to
serve as Chairman of the Project.
(3) If the individual designated under paragraph (1) (F) is an
officer or employee of the Federal Government, he shall receive no
additional pay on account of his service as a member of the Project.
If such individual is not an officer or employee of the Federal Govern-
ment, he shall be entitled to receive the daily equivalent of the annual
rate of basic pay in effect for level IV of the Executive Schedule
(5 U.S.C. 5315) for each day (including traveltime) during which he
is engaged in the actual performance of duties vested in the Project.
(c) The Project shall have overall responsibility for the provision
of effective management and coordination with respect to a national
solar energy research, development, and demonstration program,
including-
(1) the determination and evaluation of the resource base,
including its temporal and geographic characteristics;
(2) research and development on solar energy technologies;
and
(3) the demonstration of appropriate solar energy technologies.
(d) (1) The Project shall carry out its responsibilities under this
section in cooperation with the following Federal agencies:
(A) the National Science Foundation, the responsibilities of
which shall include research;
(B) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the
responsibilities of which shall include the provision of manage-
ment capability and the development of technologies;
(C) the Atomic Energy Commission, the responsibilities of
which shall include the development of technologies;
(D) the Department of Housing and Urban Development, the
responsibilities of which shall include fostering the utilization of
solar energy for the heating and cooling of buildings, pursuant
to the Solar Heating and Cooling Demonstration Act of 1974
(P.L. 93-409; 88 Stat. 1069) ; and
(E) the Federal Power Commission, the responsibilities of
which shall include fostering the utilization of solar energy for
S. 3234-3
the fuels. generation of electricity and for the production of synthetic
(2) Upon request of the Chairman, the head of any such agency is
authorized to detail or assign, on a reimbursable basis or otherwise, any
of the personnel of such agency to the Project to assist it in carrying
out its responsibilities under this Act.
(e) The Project shall have exclusive authority with respect to the
establishment or approval of programs or projects initiated under this
Act, but the agency involved in any particular program or project
shall be responsible for the operation and administration of such pro-
gram or project.
(f) The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is author-
ized Project. to undertake and carry out those programs assigned to it by the
RESOURCE DETERMINATION AND ASSESSMENT
SEC. 5. (a) The Chairman shall initiate a solar energy resource deter-
mination and assessment program with the objective of making a
regional and national appraisal of all solar energy resources, includ-
ing data on insolation, wind, sea thermal gradients, and potentials
for photosynthetic conversion. The program shall emphasize identifi-
cation of promising areas for commercial exploitation and develop-
ment. The specific goals shall include-
(1) the development of better methods for predicting the avail-
ability of all solar energy resources, over long time periods and
by geographic location;
(2) the development of advanced meteorological, oceano-
graphic, and other instruments, methodology, and procedures
necessary to measure the quality and quantity of all solar resources
on periodic bases;
(3) the development of activities, arrangements, and proce-
dures for the collection, evaluation, and dissemination of informa-
tion and data relating to solar energy resource assessment.
(b) The Chairman, acting through the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin-
istration, and other appropriate agencies, shall-
(1) develop and carry out a general plan for inventorying all
forms of solar energy resources associated with Federal lands
and (where consistent with property rights) non-Federal lands;
(2) conduct regional surveys based upon such general plan,
using innovative meteorological, oceanographic, and space-related
techniques, in sufficient numbers to lead to a national inventory
of solar energy resources in the United States;
(3) publish and make available maps, reports, and other docu-
ments developed from such surveys to encourage and facilitate the
commercial development of solar energy resources; and
(4) make such recommendations for legislation as may appear
to be necessary to establish policies for solar resources involving
Federal lands and waters, consistent with known inventories of
various resource types, with the state of technologies for solar
energy development, and with evaluation of the environmental
impacts of such development.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
SEC. 6. (a) The Chairman shall initiate a research and development
program for the purpose of resolving the major technical problems
inhibiting commercial utilization of solar energy in the United States.
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(b) In connection with or as a part of such program, the Chairman
shall-
(1) conduct, encourage, and promote scientific research and
studies to develop effective and economical processes and equip-
ment for the purpose of utilizing solar energy in an acceptable
manner for beneficial uses;
(2) carry out systems, economic, social, and environmental
studies to provide a basis for research, development and demon-
stration planning and phasing; and
(3) perform or cause to be performed technology assessments
relevant to the utilization of solar energy.
(c) The specific solar energy technologies to be addressed or dealt
with in the program shall include-
(1) direct solar heat as a source for industrial processes,
including the utilization of low-level heat for process and other
industrial purposes;
(2) thermal energy conversion, and other methods, for the gen-
eration of electricity and the production of chemical fuels;
(3) the conversion of cellulose and other organic materials
(including wastes) to useful energy or fuels;
(4) photovoltaic and other direct conversion processes:
(5) sea thermal gradient conversion;
(6) windpower conversion;
(7) solar heating and cooling of housing and of commercial
and public buildings; and
(8) energy storage.
DEMONSTRATION
SEC. 7. (a) The Chairman is authorized to initiate a program to
design and construct, in specific solar energy technologies (including,
but not limited to, those listed in section (6) (c), facilities or power-
plants of sufficient size to demonstrate the technical and economic
feasibility of utilizing the various forms of solar energy. The specific
goals of such programs shall include-
(1) production of electricity from a number of powerplants, on
the order of one to ten megawatts each;
(2) production of synthetic fuels in commercial quantities;
(3) large-scale utilization of solar energy in the form of direct
heat;
(4) utilization of thermal and all other byproducts of the solar
facilities;
(5) design and development of hybrid systems involving the
concomitant utilization of solar and other energy sources; and
(6) the continuous operation of such plants and facilities for
a period of time.
(b) For each of the technologies for which a successful and appro-
priate development program is completed, the Chairman shall make
a determination to proceed to demonstration based on criteria includ-
ing, but not necessarily limited to, the following:
(1) the technological feasibility of the project;
(2) the costs and benefits of the project, as determined by an
economic assessment;
(3) the immediate and the potential uses of the solar energy
utilized in the project;
(4) long-term national need for the technology;
(5) environmental impact;
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(6) potential for technology transfer to other applications;
and
(7) the nature and extent of Federal participation, if any, in
the project.
(c) In carrying out his responsibilities under this section, the
Chairman, acting through the appropriate Federal agencies, may
provide for the establishment of one or more demonstration projects
utilizing each form of solar energy, which shall include, as appro-
priate, the specific research, development, pilot plant construction and
operation, demonstration plant construction and operation, and other
facilities and activities which may be necessary to show commercial
viability of the specific solar technology.
(d) The Chairman, acting through the appropriate Federal agen-
cies, is authorized to investigate and enter into agreements for the
cooperative development of facilities to demonstrate solar technol-
ogies. The responsible Federal agency may consider-
(1) cooperative agreements with non-Federal entities for con-
struction of facilities and equipment to demonstrate solar energy
technologies; and
(2) cooperative agreements with other Federal agencies for the
construction of facilities and equipment and operation of facilities
to produce energy for direct Federal utilization.
(e) The Chairman, acting through appropriate Federal agencies
is authorized to construct and operate demonstration projects without
entering into cooperative agreements with respect to such projects, if
the Chairman finds that-
(1) the nature of the resource, the geographical location, the
scale and engineering design of the facilities, the techniques of
production, or any other significant factor of the specific demon-
stration project offers opportunities to make important contribu-
tions to the general knowledge of solar resources, the techniques
of its development, or public confidence in the technology; and
(2) there is no opportunity for cooperative agreements with
any non-Federal entity willing and able to cooperate in the
demonstration project under subsection (d) (1), and there is no
opportunity for cooperative agreements with other Federal agen-
cies under subsection (d) (2).
(f) If the estimate of the Federal investment with respect to con-
struction and operation costs of any demonstration project proposed
to be established under this section exceeds $20,000,000, no amount may
be appropriated for such project except as specifically authorized by
legislation hereafter enacted by the Congress.
(g) (1) At the conclusion of any demonstration project established
under this section, or as soon thereafter as may be practicable, the
responsible Federal agencies shall, by sale, lease, or otherwise, dispose
of all Federal property interests which they have acquired pursuant
to this section in accordance with existing law and the terms of the
cooperative agreements involved.
(2) The agency involved shall, under appropriate agreements or
other arrangements, provide for the disposition of electricity, syn-
thetic fuels, and other byproducts of the project administered by such
agency.
SOLAR ENERGY TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION
SEC. 8. (a) (1) In carrying out his functions under this Act the
Chairman, utilizing the capabilities of the National Science Founda-
tion, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Depart-
ment of Commerce, the Atomic Energy Commission, and other
appropriate Federal agencies to the maximum extent possible, shall
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establish and operate a Solar Energy Information Data Bank (here-
inafter in this subsection referred to as the "bank") for the purpose of
collecting, reviewing, processing, and disseminating information and
data in all of the solar energy technologies referred to in section 7(c)
in a timely and accurate manner in support of the objectives of this
Act.
(2) Information and data compiled in the bank shall include-
(A) technical information (including reports, journal articles,
dissertations, monographs, and project descriptions) on solar
energy research, development, and applications;
(B) similar technical information on the design, construction,
and maintenance of equipment utilizing solar energy;
(C) general information on solar energy applications to be
disseminated for popular consumption;
(D) physical and chemical properties of materials required for
solar energy activities and equipment; and
(E) engineering performance data on equipment and devices
utilizing solar energy.
(3) In accordance with regulations prescribed under section 12, the
Chairman shall provide retrieval and dissemination services with
respect to the information described under paragraph (2) for-
(A) Federal, State, and local government organizations that
are active in the area of energy resources (and their contractors) ;
(B) universities and colleges in their related research and con-
sulting activities; and
(C) the private sector upon request in appropriate cases.
(4) In carrying out his functions under this subsection, the Chair-
man shall utilize, when feasible, the existing data base of scientific and
technical information in Federal agencies, adding to such data base
any information described in paragraph (2) which does not already
reside in such base. He shall coordinate or merge this data bank with
other Federal energy information data banks as necessary to assure
efficient and effective operation.
(b) In carrying out his functions under this Act the Chairman
shall perform or cause to be performed studies and research on incen-
tives to promote broader utilization and consumer acceptance of solar
energy technologies.
(c) The Chairman shall enter into such arrangements and take such
other steps as may be necessary or appropriate to provide for the effec-
tive coordination of solar energy technology utilization with all other
technology utilization programs within the Federal Government.
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION
SEC. 9. The Chairman, acting through the National Science Foun-
dation, is authorized and directed to support programs of education
in the sciences and engineering to provide the necessary trained per-
sonnel to perform the solar energy research, development, and dem-
onstration activities required under this Act. Such support may
include fellowships, traineeships, technical training programs, tech-
nologist training programs, and summer institute programs.
SOLAR ENERGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
SEC. 10. (a) There is established a Solar Energy Research Insti-
tute, which shall perform such research, development, and related
functions as the Chairman may determine to be necessary or appro-
priate in connection with the Project's activities under this Act or to
be otherwise in furtherance of the purpose and objectives of this Act.
(b) The Institute may be located (as designated by the Chairman)
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at any new or existing Federal laboratory (including a non-Federal
laboratory performing functions under a contract entered into with
the Project or with any of the agencies represented in the Project as
well as a laboratory whose personnel are Federal employees).
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
SEC. 11. (a) The Chairman, in furtherance of the objectives of this
Act, is authorized to cooperate and participate jointly with other
nations, especially those with agreements for scientific cooperation
with the United States, in the following activities:
(1) interinstitutional, bilateral, or multilateral research proj-
ects in the field of solar energy; and
(2) agreements and programs which will facilitate the exchange
of information and data relating to solar energy resource assess-
ment and solar energy technologies.
(b) The National Science Foundation is authorized to encourage, to
the maximum extent practicable and consistent with the other objec-
tives of this Act, international participation and cooperation in the
development and maintenance of programs of education to carry out
the policy set forth in section 9.
REGULATIONS
SEC. 12. The Chairman, in consultation with the heads of the Federal
agencies having functions under this Act and with other appropriate
officers and agencies, shall prescribe such regulations as may be neces-
sary or appropriate to carry out this Act promptly and efficiently.
Each such officer or agency, in consultation with the Chairman, may
prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry
out his or its particular functions under this Act promptly and
efficiently.
ANNUAL REPORTS
SEC. 13. The Chairman shall report, on an annual basis, to the Presi-
dent and the Congress all actions taken under the provisions of this
Act, all action planned for the ensuing year, and, to the extent practi-
cal, a projection of activities and funding requirements, for the
ensuing five years. The Chairman also shall recommend, as he deems
appropriate, any legislation or reorganization which might further
the purposes of this Act.
INFORMATION TO CONGRESS
SEC. 14. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Chairman
(or the head of any agency which assumes the functions of the Project
pursuant to section 16) shall keep the appropriate committees of the
House of Representatives and the Senate fully and currently informed
with respect to all activities under this Act.
COMPREHENSIVE PROGRAM DEFINITION
SEC. 15. (a) The Chairman is authorized and directed to prepare
a comprehensive program definition of an integrated effort and com-
mitment for effectively developing solar energy resources. The Chair-
man, in preparing such program definition, shall utilize and consult
with the appropriate Federal agencies, State and local government
agencies, and private organizations.
(b) The Chairman shall transmit such comprehensive program
definition to the President and to each House of the Congress. An
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interim report shall be transmitted not later than March 1, 1975. The
comprehensive program definition shall be transmitted as soon as
possible thereafter, but in any case not later than June 30, 1975.
TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS
SEC. 16. Within sixty days after the effective date of the law creat-
ing a permanent Federal organization or agency having jurisdiction
over the energy research and development functions of the United
States (or within sixty days after the date of the enactment of this
Act if the effective date of such law occurs prior to the date of the
enactment of this Act), all of the authorities of the Project and all of
the research and development functions (and other functions except
those related to scientific and technical education) vested in Federal
agencies under this Act along with related records, documents, per-
sonnel, obligations, and other items, to the extent necessary or appro-
priate, shall, in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Office
of Management and Budget, be transferred to and vested in such orga-
nization or agency.
AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS
SEC. 17. To carry out the provisions of this Act, there are authorized
to be appropriated—
(1) for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1976, $75,000,000;
(2) for subsequent fiscal years, only such sums as the Congress
hereafter may authorize by law;
(3) such amounts as may be authorized for the construction of
demonstrations pursuant to section 7(f) of this Act; and
(4) to the National Science Foundation for the fiscal year end-
ing June 30, 1975, not to exceed $2,000,000 to be made available
for use in the preparation of the comprehensive program defini-
tion under section 15.
Speaker of the House of Representatives.
Vice President of the United States and
President of the Senate.
HH
1
October 17, 1974
Dear Mr. Director:
The following bills were received at the White House on
October 17th:
S.J. Res. 236
S. 2840
H.R. 7768
H.R. 14225
S.J. Res. 250
S. 3007
H.R. 7780
H.R. 14597
S.J. Res. 251
S. 3234
H.R. 11221
H.R. 15148
S. 355
S. 3473
H.R. 11251
H.R. 15427
S. 605
S. 3698
H.R. 11452
H.R. 15540
S. 628
S. 3792
H.R. 11830
H.R. 15643
S. 1411
S. 3838
H.R. 12035
H.R. 16857
S. 1412
S. 3979
H.R. 12281
H.R. 17027
S. 1769
H.R. 6624
H.R. 13561
S. 2348
H.R. 6642
H.R. 13631
Please let the President have reports and recommendations
as to the approval of these bills as soon as possible.
Sincerely,
Robert D. Linder
LIBRARY GERALD : FORD
Chief Executive Clerk
The Honorable Roy L. Ash
Director
Office of Management and Budget
Washington, D. C.