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Amnesty - Presidential Clemency Board Press Kit
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1562807
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Amnesty - Presidential Clemency Board Press Kit
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John O. Marsh Files (Ford Administration)
John Marsh's General Subject Files
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President (1974-1977 : Ford). Presidential Clemency Board. 9/16/1974-9/15/1975
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The original documents are located in Box 2, folder "Amnesty - Presidential Clemency Board Press Kit" of the John Marsh Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Copyright Notice The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald R. Ford donated to the United States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Digitized from Box 2 of The John Marsh Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library JAN 6 1974 THE WHITE HOUSE washington 12/6/74 Russ: For your information pit is being distributed and Jack March's - Then at Charlie Hoodle 's press conference this morning. Ruk Tropp s GERALD q. FORD LIBRARY PRESIDENTIAL CLEMENCY BOARD PRESS KIT 202-456-6476 PRESIDENTIAL CLEMENCY BOARD THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON, D.C. 20500 FORD & SERALD LIBRAR January 6, 1975 Dear Public Service Director: The Presidential Clemency Board at the White House heeds your help. Our request is a matter of urgency. Your station can aid thousands of young Americans of the Vietnam era by letting them know of the President's clemency program--but they must apply prior to January 31. The Clemency Board deals only with those who have already been convicted and punished. For their sake, I ask that you play the enclosed PSA S featuring Father Theodore Hesburgh and General Lew Walt. Your station will provide a valuable public service by conveying the Board's message. We have until the end of the month. The Public Service Announcements are enclosed along with a fact sheet, press release, script and "live" copy. Your coopera- tion in scheduling public service air time during the crucial month of January will help inform the potential applicant of how and where to apply and the deadline. Time for application is short. It must be done prior to January 31. It would be an additional service if your station announcer could do a countdown--i.e,, only 14 days left to apply to the Presidential Clemency Board. Time is running out. We appreciate your help. By donating some of your valuable time, many young Americans can benefit. Sincerely, Clarles so Hookle Charles E. Goodell Chairman Enclosures PRESIDENTIAL CLEMENCY BOARD THE WHITE HOUSE Office of Public Affairs Director - Room 360 Washington, D. C. 20500 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Contact: Joan Vinson 456-2791 January 6, 1975 Nia Nickol as 456-6476 Charles E. Goodell, Chairman, Presidential Clemency Board, today announced a public service campaign directed to Vietnam era young men. The Presidential Clemency Board has made available to the electronic media public service spots directed to potential applicants. The Clemency Board deals only with those who have already been convicted and punished. These spots inform young men of how and where to apply and of the January 31 deadline. Mr. Goodell said, "I urge the media to cooperate in this endeavor. For the sake of the young men who will benefit from the Board's program, help us convey our message. We have until the end of the month. Time is running out. Appli- cations must be in prior to January 31. Many young Americans can benefit from the President's program if they just know about it. 11 The PSAs feature Father Theodore Hesburgh and General Lew Walt. There are Spanish language spots with Mrs. Aida Casanas O'Connor. These individuals serve on the Presidential Clemency Board. General Walt, Ret., commanded our Marines in Vietnam for two years and Father Hesburgh, President of Notre Dame, spoke out against the war. They believe in the fairness and necessity of the program. The Board will continue to deal fairly and compassion- ately with the individuals under its jurisdiction. The Presidential Clemency Board has jurisdiction over persons who have already been convicted for a draft evasion or unauthorized absence, desertion or missing movement offense from the military. A civilian applicant has the possibility of receiving an unconditional pardon or a pardon conditioned upon completion of a specified period of alternate service, thereby, restoring his full civil rights. To the former military applicant, the Board offers a pardon, plus an upgrading of his discharge to at least a clemency discharge, either unconditionally or conditioned upon a specified period of alternate service. So far, applicants before the Board have not been sophisticated. These people did not know how to take advantage of their rights under our legal system. They need help now in applying to the Clemency Board. The President's program offers very real benefits. In making the announcement, Mr. Goodell said, "We want all the individuals who can benefit from the President's program to know of its existence. They can benefit from it. We want to make it easier for young men to integrate themselves fully, with dignity and with pride, as Americans and as members of their community again." PRESIDENTIAL CLEMENCY BOARD THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON, D.C. 20500 THE PRESIDENTIAL CLEMENCY PROGRAM WHAT IS IT? HOW DOES IT WORK? On September 16, 1974, President Ford announced a program of clemency for persons with Selective Service draft violations or desertion or AWOL from the armed services. Why did the President announce the Program? President Ford wishes to heal the divisions caused by the Viet Nam War and to enable persons with draft-evasion or AWOL offenses to gain their way back into society. Who is Eligible? Any person who committed a draft-evasion offense or went AWOL or deserted from the armed forces between August 4, 1964 and March 28, 1973. Who Runs the Clemency Program? Three agencies administer the program: The Presidential Clemency Board administers the program for people who have been tried and convicted for a draft-evasion offense. It also deals with cases of people who have been court-martialed for desertion or AWOL, or who have an undesirable discharge for AWOL. The Department of Defense runs the program for persons who are now absent without authority from the armed services. The Department of Justice runs the program for people who committed a draft-evasion offense but who have not been tried and convicted. How Do You Apply? That depends on your own case. If you are now Absent from the Armed Services - Contact any military base or Fort Benjamin Harrison, Indianapolis, Indiana. (317) 542-3417 If you Think you Violated the Draft Laws but have not been Convicted - Contact any U.S. Attorney's office, or the Department of Justice, Washington, D.C. (202) 456-6476. How Long Do you Have to Apply? You must apply before January 31, 1975, whatever your case. -2- What will Happen? If your case belongs to the Justice Department or Defense Department, you will make an agreement to perform alternative service for up to 24 months. If you were AWOL, you will receive an undesirable discharge. After you satisfactorily perform your alternative service, you will get a clemency discharge. If you have a draft-evasion case, it will be dismissed and you will not be prosecuted after you complete the alternative service. What Happens If you Were Discharged for AWOL or Desertion or Convicted of Draft-evasion? You write to the Presidential Clemency Board, The White House, Washington, D.C., and ask to be considered for clemency. The Board will review your case. It will decide whether to recommend clemency to the President. What Kind of Clemency Can You Get From The Presidential Clemency Board? In special cases, the President can grant an immediate, full and unconditional pardon. In other cases, he will grant Conditional Clemency. This means you will have to perform up to 24 months alternative service before the President grants a full pardon. In some cases, the President may decide not to grant a pardon or conditional clemency. What is Alternative Service? This is not punishment, but a means of earning clemency. It consists of working for qualified employers such as hospitals, charities, and other kinds of public service jobs. Where Can You Find Out More About the Clemency Program? If you have any questions call the Presidential Clemency Board, The White House, Washington, D.C. (202) 456-6476. 12/11/74 PRESIDENTIAL CLEMENCY BOARD THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON, D.C. 20500 PUBLIC SERVICE RADIO ANNOUNCEMENT 30 (Secs.) Date: Jan. 2-31, 1975 RECORDED Title: Father Theodore Hesburgh Father Hesburgh: I have a message for those convicted of draft evasion or given discharges for AWOL offenses. You may deserve clemency. I'm Father Ted Hesburgh of Notre Dame. And I'm working with the President's Clemency Board. It's conceived in the tradition of forgiveness and protects your rights and integrity. You need not contact us personally. A friend, family member or lawyer may inquire for you. If you don't have a lawyer, we'll help you get one. For information, just write or call the Presidential Clemency Board at the White House, Washington, D. C., before January 31. Local Anncr. : A public service message brought to you by this station. PRESIDENTIAL CLEMENCY BOARD THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON, D.C. 20500 PUBLIC SERVICE RADIO ANNOUNCEMENT 60 (Secs.) Date: Jan. 2-31, 1975 RECORDED Title: Father Theodore Hesburgh Father Hesburgh: I have a message for those convicted of draft evasion or given discharges for AWOL offenses. I'm Father Theodore Hesburgh, President of the University of Notre Dame. You may recall that I spoke out for a long time against the Vietnam War. Now I'm also working with the President's Clemency Board. Most important to me as a priest and an educator, our program is con- ceived in the tradition of forgiveness. The best evidence of this is to read the decisions made thus far. It's an honest program that protects your rights and integrity, or I wouldn't be a part of it. If you were convicted of draft evasion or given discharges for AWOL offenses, you may now qualify for a pardon or clemency discharge that will help clear your record. A friend, family member or lawyer may inquire for you. If you don't have a lawyer, we'll help you get one. You will have full access to your files and you may add anything you think is important. For information, just call or write the Presidential Clemency Board, the White House, Washington, D. C. But do it now. You have only until January 31. Local Anncr: A public service message brought to you by this station. PRESIDENTIAL CLEMENCY BOARD THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON, D.C. 20500 PUBLIC SERVICE RADIO ANNOUNCEMENT 30 (Secs.) Date: Jan. 2-31, 1975 RECORDED Title: General Lew Walt, U. S. Marine Corps (Ret) Gen. Walt: I am General Lew Walt, U.S. Marine Corps retired. I commanded the Marines in Viet Nam for two years and I am now with the President's Clemency Board. I want to speak to veterans who went absent without leave and received a punitive or undesirable discharge during the Vietnam era. Many of you served our country well before you went AWOL. And you may deserve clemency. We can help clear your record. Write or call the Presidential Clemency Board, the White House, Washington, D. C., before January 31. Local Anner. : A public service message brought to you by this station. PRESIDENTIAL CLEMENCY BOARD THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON, D.C. 20500 PUBLIC SERVICE RADIO ANNOUNCEMENT 60 (Secs.) Date: Jan. 2-31, 1975 RECORDED Title: General Lew Walt, U. S. Marine Corps (Ret) Gen. Walt: I am General Lew Walt, U.S. Marine Corps retired. I commanded our Marines in Viet Nam for two years. I would like to speak to the veterans of the Vietnam era who went absent without leave and as a result were given a punitive or undesirable discharge. I'm a member of the President's Clemency Board at the White House. I believe that many of you men served our country well before you went AWOL. If you did, I believe you deserve clemency. Here's an opportunity for you to get your less than honorable discharge upgraded to a clemency discharge and help clear your record. The President's Clemency Board has a very fair and honest program. All you have to do is write or call the Presidential Clemency Board at the White House, Washington, D. C. You should act now. To qualify, you must apply before January 31st, 1975. Local Anncr. : A public service message brought to you by this station. PRESIDENTIAL CLEMENCY BOARD THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON, D.C. 20500 PRESIDENTIAL CLEMENCY BOARD 30 (Secs.) Date: Jan. 2-31, 1975 LIVE ANNOUNCER DELIVERED COPY Live Anncr.: If you were convicted of draft evasion or given a discharge for AWOL or desertion between 1964 and 1973, the Presidential Clemency Board could help clear your record. You don't even have to make the first contact yourself. A family member, friend, or lawyer can inquire for you. The Board will even help you get a lawyer. But you must act now. The program ends January 31. Write the Presidential Clemency Board, the White House, Washington, D.C. 20500. Or call 202 456-6476. That's 202 456-6476. A public service message brought to you by this station. PRESIDENTIAL CLEMENCY BOARD THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON, D.C. 20500 PRESIDENTIAL CLEMENCY BOARD 60 (Secs.) Date: Jan. 2-31, 1975 LIVE ANNOUNCER DELIVERED COPY Live Anncr. : If you were convicted of draft evasion or given a discharge for AWOL or desertion between 1964 and 1973, this message may change your life. You've probably heard about the President's Clemency Board. And you probably have some questions about how it works. Well, I have some answers. First of all, the program is conceived in the tradition of forgive- ness. The best evidence of this is the acts of clemency already made. Then, it's an honest program that protects your rights and integrity. You don't even have to make the first contact yourself. A friend, family member or lawyer can inquire for you. If you don't have a lawyer, the Board will even help you get one. You will have full access to your files and you may add anything you think is important. But you have only until January 31 to clear your record. So call or write the Presidential Clemency Board, the White House, Washington, D. C. 20500 today. Or call 202 456-6476. That's the Presidential Clemency Board, the White House, Washington, D. C. 20500. Or call 202 456-6476 ... before January 31. A public service message brought to you by this station. PRESIDENTIAL CLEMENCY BOARD Old Executive Office Building, Room 460 Washington, D. C. 20500 Contact Press Office Contact Public Affairs Office: Nia Nicholas - 202: 456-6476 Joan Vinson - 202: 456-2791 Release #1-75 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: January 6, 1975 FORD & GERALD LIBRARY Washington, D. C Charles E. Goodell, Chairman of the Presidential Clemency Board, today released information on the latest clemency decisions by the President and announced a Public Service Campaign to inform potential applicants of the Board's program. "This marks the first occasion on which the Clemency Board has recommended and the President has gr. nted clemency to military personnel, including 3 outright pardons without alternative service, " Chairman Goodell stated. In addition to the 3 pardons, the President approved 26 cases of alternate service culminating in upgrading to Clemency Discharges with Full Pardons. Of the 18 civilian cases, 9 were unconditional pardons and 9 were pardons conditioned upon the completion of varying terms of alternate ser- - vice. Goodell also commented. "I think it is extremely important that the American people realize the true benefits which can be derived from both civilian and military pardons. A pardon restores a man's civil rights; enables him to clear his record and obtain employment in trades and professions which were previously barred to him. In short, it allows him to re-enter society as a contributing and self-supporting citizen again. " (more) - 2 - The Board's recommendations for alternate service in both instances ranged from 3 to 12 months and the President approved them as submitted. Chairman Goodell released copies of the case summaries and cited several examples from them, as follows: CIVILIAN CASES: Case C-2 053-C PARDON: "Individual applied for conscientious objector status which was denied. Later it was discovered it might have been improperly disapproved. Applicant appeared but refused to submit to induction and was sen- tenced to 3 years in prison, of which he has served 10 months. 11 Case C-14 * 093-C CONDITIONAL PARDON UPON COMPLETION OF ? MONTHS ALTERNATE SERVICE: "Applicant comes from broken home and lived with many relatives. He was tried for 'failure to report for induction' but applicant advises that when he did report, he was told of being under investigation for a felony conviction. Refusal to accept him was based on unsealed juvenile conviction. He has served 3 years of a 4-6 year sentence. 11 MILITARY CASES: Case M-2 251-M PARDON - UPGRADE TO CLEMENCY DISCHARGE: "As a youngster, applicant was adopted by relatives. At age 17, they threatened to turn him out unless he enlisted in Army. He did so and was honorably discharged to effect re-enlistment for Vietnam duty where he served 14 months receiving 2 overseas service bars and 2 medals. He (more) - 3 - later learned identity of his natural mother and went AWOL to find her. He has 22 months of creditable service but received a Bad Conduct Discharge. He has served 8 months in jail. " Case M-6 201-M UPON COMPLETION OF 3 MONTHS ALTERNATE SERVICE, UPGRADE TO CLEMENCY DISCHARGE AND PARDON: "Applicant is one of nine children and a high school graduate. He en- listed in Army and later re-enlisted serving creditably for 4 years. Upon learning of his wife's illness, he went AWOL for a few days to find someone to care for their 4 children. Returned to Army; re- quested leave and was refused whereupon he went AWOL until he later voluntari ly turned himself in. Received Bad Conduct Discharge and entenced to 10 months confinement, 6 months of which he has served. :. In concluding remarks, Chairman Goodell stated. "We are attempting to do everything possible to reach those young men who were convicted and punished for AWOL or draft violations and are now eligible for review by the Presidential Clemency Board. As in the cases of earlier clemency actions, the applicants have continued to be quite dif- ferent from the sterotyped war resisters. For the most part, they come from the lower end of the educational and economic scale making it more difficult to communicate with them. Those applicants to the Board who have graduated from college number only 7% of the civilians and only 1% of the military people. (more) - 4 - To further our efforts in reaching these individuals and because of the urgency of the January 31st deadline, our Board Members, Father Theodore Hesburgh, Retired Marine General Lewis Walt, and Mrs. Aida Casanas O'Connor have participated in the production of Public Service Announcements which are informa- tive but not intended to recruit anyone to the Program. We have today distributed these tapes to Radio and Television stations throughout the Country and requested their assistance in playing them as frequently as possible in order to give potential applicants every opportunity to take advantage of the options available to them under the Presidential Clemency Board's Program. 11 # # # PRESIDENTIAL CLEMENCY BOARD THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON, D.C. 20500 FORD is GERALD LIBRARY LIBR January 6, 1975 Breakdown of attached case summaries approved by the President, Tuesday, December 31, 1974 upon the recommendation of the Presidential Clemency Board: 18 CIVILIAN CASES: 9 Unconditional Pardons 9 Pardons conditional upon completion of the following periods of alternate service: 5 cases, 3 months alternate service 1 case, 6 months alternate service 1 case, 10 months alternate service 2 case, 12 months alternate service 29 MILITARY CASES: 3 Unconditional Pardons 26 Pardons conditional upon completion of the following periods of alternate service: 13 cases, 3 months 6 cases, 6 months 1 case, 7 months 2 cases, 9 months 1 case, 10 months 2 cases, 11 months 1 case, 12 months -1- C-1 051-C This black applicant, in his middle twenties, comes from a large stable home in the South. He was classified as a conscientious objector by his local board, and completed approximately eleven months of alternative service. He was convicted of failing to remain in alternative service when he failed to report to a hospital to which he had been reassigned. The hospital was located a sub- stantial distance from his home and he lacked the financial means to make the trip and set up a residence. The applicant was con- victed and originally sentenced to five years in prison. The appellate court, on appeal, remanded the case for sentence re- duction. The trial judge reduced the sentence only by eleven months. He has completed 12-1/2 months of his sentence. When the applicant was released on bond during his appeal, he performed work in the public interest. Disposition: Pardon C-2 053-C This white applicant, in his middle twenties, was raised in a financially stable home in the Midwest. While attending college he applied for conscientious objector status, which was denied. The local board noted he did not claim conscientious objector status until he no longer qualified for any other kind of deferment. It appears this may have been an improper act by the local board. Selective Service rules allow an individual to apply for conscientious objector until the time he receives his induction notice. When he was ordered to report for induction, he appeared but refused to submit to induction. He was sentenced to three years for failing to submit to induction and has served ten months. When he was in prison, applicant's financee died in an auto accident while re- turning from visiting him. Disposition: Pardon C-3 072-C This applicant, who is white, in his mid-twenties, was raised on the West Coast. His parents were divorced when he was 19. He was a good student in high school and is closely affiliated with the Catholic Church. Applicant was denied conscientious objector status and advised that he would be denied an in-service hearing for non-combatant duty. On advice of his attorney, he refused to submit for induction. He was sentenced to 6 months in prison and a 2-year probation. He was in prison 2 months. This case was reviewed by the Supreme Court of the United States. The Court held against the applicant, but stated that people in his circum- stances are entitled as a matter of right to a hearing while in service. Disposition: Pardon -2- C-4 102-C This applicant is white, in his early twenties and the eldest of several children. Due to a family health problem, applicant's father was forced to leave his job and stay in the home. Conse- quently, the family has been receiving public assistance. The applicant is a high school graduate, and was granted conscientious objector status. Based on his Jehovah Witness belief, applicant. failed to report to the Selective Service System assignment and was sentenced to 5 years in prison. He has served 18-1/2 months. Disposition: Pardon C-5 104-C This applicant is black and grew up in a midwestern city. His father abandoned the family when he was quite young and his mother remarried, divorced and remarried again. He had completed one year of college and had a stable employment record before being sentenced to 3 years imprisonment for refusal to submit to induction. He fled while on bail pending appeal and was subsequently rearrested. He claims he was denied procedural due process and that he was not given a physical disability deferment. Prison records show that he was a model prisoner, and he was recommended for meritorious pay as a result of outstanding performance in prison. He has served 17-1/2 months in jail and was due for parole October 4, 1974. Disposition: Pardon C-6 074-C This applicant is white, single and from the West. He is the product of a broken home. He began to have troubles when he was very young. He started drinking when he was eleven years old. He has attempted to secure help for his drinking but was unable to follow through. After reporting for his pre-induction physical, he was given a break for lunch, after which he was supposed to return for a psychiatric exami- nation. Instead, he got drunk and did not return. According to the applicant, he always intended to go into the military but one day realized that he couldn't handle it. In fact, his records report that on several occasions he attempted to report to the authorities but each time he turned back. He subsequently pled guilty to failure to submit to induction and was given an indeterminate sentence under the Federal Youth Corrections Act. He has served oneyear of his sentence. Disposition: Pardon -3- C-7 030-C Applicant is a black Muslim, the second of four children, who grew up in a large city in the Midwest. He has 14-1/2 years of formal education, but he had to terminate his schooling because of financial problems. After leaving school, applicant began a career in retail sales where he rose to a managerial level. He declined to seek conscientious objector status and subsequently refused to submit to induction. He was convicted and sentenced to 18 months in prison, although he stood ready to perform alternative service if ordered to do so by the judge. His re- ligion forbids him from accepting alternate service from Selective Service because it considers that agency part of the military. Applicant served 11 months of his sentence. Prison authorities commended his attitude, deportment and work per- formance during his incarceration. Disposition: Pardon C-8 071-C This applicant is in his mid-twenties and is white. He was born in the Southwest and was graduated from college. He claimed conscientious objector status based on his moral beliefs and his sincere opposition to the war. However, his claim was denied and he was ordered to report for induction. He refused and was convicted. The judge placed him on probation on condition that he perform alternative service. He worked part-time in his voluntary job and supported himself in a full-time factory job. This factory went on strike and he refused to cross the picket- line. He left his part-time volunteer work because of personal difficulties although he continued to do alternative service on weekends. However, his probation was revoked because he failed to do the service as prescribed. He was sentenced to 3 years in prison. He has now served 8 months. Disposition: Pardon C-9 014-C This applicant, who is white and married, was raised in a Midwestern town in a middle-class family. Following his graduation from college with a degree in accounting, he sub- mitted a request for classification as a conscientious objector. He also attempted to meet his alternative service obligation by first teaching in a public school for 4 months, and later working for a year in a hospital. However, both his application and ap- peals were denied and, after refusing to submit to induction, he was convicted and sentenced to 18 months in prison. Prior to his furlough, he had served approximately 8-1/2 months. Disposition: Pardon -4- C-10 080-C This applicant is white, in his middle twenties, married, and has one child. After his father died, his mother remarried and the family moved to the West Coast. Applicant's formal education stopped at the 11th grade. He has a minor physical disability. In 1969, applicant became interested in farming and moved from the West Coast to Hawaii. Before leaving, appli- cant informed his draft board that he was moving. Living in relative iso- lation, and believing that he was physically disqualified for induction, applicant became oblivious to his legal obligations. He was convicted of failing to report for induction and was sentenced to 4-6 years under the Federal Youth Corrections Act. Applicant has served ten months of his sentence. Disposition: Executive Clemency, three months alternate service. Upon completion of alternate service, Pardon. C-11 095-C This applicant is black, in his mid-twenties and single. He was born and raised in a large Midwestern city. His father died when applicant was seven and his mother, who is in a mental institution, was unable to provide any care for him. Consequently, he was raised by various relatives. He dropped out of school in the 11th grade. He was convicted of failure to re- port for induction, sentenced to three years and placed on immediate pro- bation. After his conviction, he attempted to enlist in the Army but was rejected. He failed to report to his probation officer; thus his probation was revoked and he was sentenced to 4 to 6 years. He has served 19 months and 20 days. Disposition: Executive Clemency, three months alternate service. Upon completion of alternate service, Pardon. C-12 096-C This applicant is black, in his mid-twenties, and was raised in a religious home in New York City. Although he and his numerous brothers and sisters were reared in a ghetto-type setting, his parents always attempted to pro- vide support and guidance. This applicant has no prior criminal record, and, like his parents, is a Jehovah's Witness. He pleaded guilty to failure to report for induction, and was given probation contingent upon 24 months alternate service. Because he did not find the requisite employment, pro- bation was revoked, and an indeterminate sentence, under the Federal Youth Corrections Act, was imposed. He has served over 13 months imprisonment. Disposition: Executive Clemency, three months alternate service. Upon completion of alternate service, Pardon. -5- C-13 097-C This applicant is black and in his mid-twenties. Although his father died when the applicant was an infant, his mother remarried, and he was raised in a stable environment in the South. This applicant is a Jehovah's Witness who was assigned by his local draft board to civilian work. He failed to report. When he agreed subsequently to perform civilian employment he was placed on probation. After performing his required alternate service for over one year, the applicant left his job. The applicant was sentenced to three years in prison of which he has served almost six months. Disposition: Executive Clemency, 3 months alternate service. Upon completion of alternate service, Pardon. C-14 093-C This applicant is in his mid-twenties and comes from a broken home. He lived with many different relatives, in the South and in New York, during his early years. His parents separated when he was 13 and his mother had difficulty supporting him and herself. He was tried for failing to report for induction. He said that, when he reported, he was told that he had a felony conviction which was being investigated. He said that the Marines told him the same thing when he tried to enlist. The refusal to accept him arose from an unsealed juvenile conviction. He was sentenced to an indeterminate term of four to six years and has now served three years. Disposition: Executive Clemency, 3 months alternate service. Upon completion of alternate service, Pardon. -6- C-15 090-C The applicant is white, in his early twenties, and the eldest of four children. He was brought up in a comfortable middle class home, and had no delinquency problems. He attended a Quaker boarding school. He is committed to the Quaker religion and states that he felt a duty to oppose the Vietnam War and the military system in general. He refused to register for the draft and fled to Canada. One of his employers in Canada describes him as industrious, conscientious and capable. When he returned to the United States, he was taken into custody, he pled guilty and was placed on probation with the stipulation that he register for the draft. He again refused to do so; his probation was revoked and a six year indeterminate sentence was imposed. He spent seven months in jail. The applicant states that if faced with the same decision again, he would still refuse to go into the service, but he would accept alternate service if ordered to do so by a court. Disposition: Executive Clemency, 6 months alternate service. Upon completion of alternate service, Pardon. -7- C-16 101-C This applicant is black and in his mid-twenties. He was born and raised in New York City. He left school in the 11th grade and has been employed as a construction worker and mail carrier. He reported for an Armed Forces physical examination and was found acceptable; however, he claimed he was inadequately examined but never submitted any substantive proof of that fact to his local draft board. Later he communicated with his draft board and claimed conscientious objector status which was denied. He failed to report for induction and was declared delinquent. Although for a time he was classified as ineligible for induction, he was subsequently reclassified 1-A and he failed to show up for another physical. Several months later he again requested conscientious objector status; again he was refused. He was convicted of failure to report for induction and sentenced to four months in prison, followed by two years probation. He has served 3-1/2 months. Disposition: Executive Clemency, 10 months alternate service. Upon completion of alternate service, Pardon. -8- C-17 081-C This applicant is Puerto-Rican; his family moved to New York when he was four years old. He dropped out of school in the eighth grade and has four children by his common-law wife. He attempted to enlist in the Army when he was eighteen but was refused. The applicant was charged and pled guilty of failing to report for induction. He expressed remorse for this offense, explaining that he was not refusing induction but just attempting to postpone it in order to settle some personal problems. He has a previous criminal conviction for a minor offense. After being sentenced to a four to six year term under the Federal Youth Corrections Act, he served four months in prison. Disposition: Executive Clemency, twelve months alternate service. Upon completion of alternate service, Pardon. C-18 012-C The applicant is white and came from a broken home in New York State. He was raised under very deprived socio-economic conditions. He left school during the ninth grade when he was sixteen years old. Applicant registered for the draft during a period when he was having difficulty providing for his family which included his wife, his wife's mother, and a daughter burdened with a birth defect. He attempted to obtain a hardship classification but was classified I-A when he failed to submit proof of his claim. He failed to report for induction and shortly thereafter became separated from his wife. He was sentenced to four to six years under the Federal Youth Corrections Act and has served three months in prison. Disposition: Executive Clemency, 12 months alternate service. Upon completion of alternate service, Pardon. -9- M-1 227-M This applicant is white and grew up in an unstable New England family. He has a ninth grade education. He was inducted into the Army despite his disclosure of a congenital birth defect of the spine which caused disability and pain during vigorous physical activity. During basic training, he suffered severe problems because of this physical defect. On leave at home after five months in the Army, he discovered that his father had cancer. He stayed AWOL to tend to his father who died five months later, and he remained AWOL for four years and ten months. In a court-martial, he was sentenced to a Bad Conduct Discharge and imprisonment for six months, four months of which he has served. Disposition: Pardon. Clemency Discharge. M-2 251-M This applicant is white, in his early twenties, and has a 12th grade education. He was adopted at an early age by his aunt and uncle. When he was 17, his stepparents threatened to turn him out unless he enlisted in the Army. He did so, served more than eight months and then was honorably discharged in order to effect his re-enlistment for Vietnam duty. He served there for 14 months as an ammunition specialist and was awarded the Vietnam Service Medal, the Vietnam Campaign Medal and two overseas service bars. In 1972, he learned the identity of his natural mother. He went AWOL in an effort to find her. After 16 months of AWOL, he was sentenced to a Bad Conduct Discharge, and confinement at hard labor for nine months and total forfeitures. He has served more than eight months in jail. He has 22 months of creditable service. Disposition: Pardon. Clemency Discharge. M-3 117-M This applicant is black and grew up in a broken home in the Midwest. He and four other children were raised by his mother, who has become disabled. He dropped out of high school after his freshman year, and two years later enlisted in the Marines. While he was home on leave, his mother lost her eyesight and was hospitalized. He remained to support the family, but he turned himself in when his mother returned from the hospital. While awaiting trial for his four-month AWOL, he learned that his brother had been hospitalized after being hit by a taxi. He again went AWOL. This time he remained absent about two and one- half years before turning himself in. He was sentenced to a Bad Conduct Discharge and 18 months confinement. Prior to his release, he had served almost ten months in prison. Disposition: Pardon. Clemency Discharge. -10- M-4 187-M This applicant is white and grew up in a middle-class midwestern family. After completing the 10th grade, he quit school but has completed his GED. He worked as a truckdriver to help support his family until he was drafted. He served four months in the Army before going AWOL. He left the Army due to his strong family ties and a feeling of responsibility for his family's financial well-being. During his absence, he was gainfully employed and contributed to the support of his family. He was apprehended 3-1/2 years later. In a court-martial, he was sentenced to a Bad Conduct Discharge and five months confinement. He has served three months of that sentence, plus two months pretrial confinement. Disposition: Executive Clemency, 3 months alternate service. Upon completion of alternate service, Clemency Discharge and Pardon. M-5 247-M This applicant, in his middle twenties, is black, single and the youngest of five children. He grew up in the South in a closely-knit family. His father died when he was 15, and he was thereafter raised by his mother. He did not finish the 11th grade. He was then inducted into the Army. He went AWOL twice, but he has fifteen months of creditable service. During his over four years of AWOL, he helped provide for his mother and his blind grandmother. He was given a Dishonorable Discharge and two years of confinement, of which he has served seven months. Disposition: Executive Clemency, 3 months alternate service. Upon completion of alternate service, Clemency Discharge and Pardon. M-6 201-M This applicant is white, in his early thirties, and one of nine children raised in the rural South. He has graduated from high school. He enlisted in the Army in 1965, and later re-enlisted. He served creditably until 1969, when he learned that his wife was ill. He went AWOL for a few days to find someone to help take care of his four children. He returned to the Army and requested leave in order to go back to his family. He was refused and again went AWOL and remained absent for almost 4-1/2 years until he voluntarily turned himself over to military control. In a court- martial, he was given a Bad Conduct Discharge and sentenced to ten months confinement, six months of which he has served. Disposition: Executive Clemency, 3 months alternate service. Upon completion of alternate service, Clemency Discharge and Pardon. -11- M-7 193-M This white applicant in his mid-twenties is the product of a stable home. Having completed high school, he entered a three-year enlistment in the Army, specifying a certain job preference. He was trained in his job preference but nevertheless ordered to a duty assignment unrelated to his skills. He went AWOL four times due to family financial difficulties caused by his father's loss of employ- ment. He lived openly during over two and one-half years of AWOL. He has over a year of creditable service. He was sentenced to a Bad Conduct Discharge and confinement for twelve months. Including pretrial detention, he has served nearly 14 months in jail. While confined, he suffered a hand injury which resulted in permanent disability. Disposition: Executive Clemency, 3 months alternate service. Upon completion of alternative service, Clemency Discharge and Pardon. M-8 167-M This applicant is white, in his early twenties, and one of three children. His father was prevented from working because of a heart condition. Having dropped out of school in the ninth grade, he was the sole support of his father and sister before he was drafted. One month after his induction, he attempted to obtain a weekend pass because of his father's worsening condition. When the pass was refused, he went AWOL. He was absent for over three years, as he worked to support his family and his father. He is married and has two children, but his wife suffers from curvature of the spine and is unable to work. He was sentenced to seven months confinement and a Bad Conduct Discharge. He served nearly six months in prison. Disposition: Executive Clemency, 3 months alternate service. Upon completion of alternate service, Clemency Discharge and Pardon. M-9 129-M This applicant, in his early twenties, is Puerto Rican and is one of 15 children. He was born and raised in New York and completed the 8th grade. He enlisted in the Marine Corps and has 11 months creditable service. He went AWOL twice for a total of three and one-half years. These absences were caused by his drug problem, for which he sought assistance, and by family problems. He received a Bad Conduct Discharge and a seven month sentence of which he has served five months. Disposition: Executive Clemency, 3 months alternate service. Upon completion of alternate service, Clemency Discharge and Pardon. -12- M-10 123-M This applicant is white and was born and raised in the northeastern United States. After the age of twelve, he was reared by his grand- mother. He left high school before graduation, worked for some years for a moving company, and then joined the Marine Corps. He went AWOL three times because he wanted to help his parents reconcile their marriage. He was absent for a total of one year and seven months. During his three and one-half months of creditable service, he accumu- lated good conduct and proficiency reports. The applicant was court- martialed and sentenced to a Bad Conduct Discharge and four months confinement. He has served approximately two months of his sentence and was in pretrial confinement over two months. Disposition: Executive Clemency, 3 months alternate service. Upon completion of alternate service, Clemency Discharge and Pardon. M-11 231-M Applicant is of Spanish surname, is in his late twenties, and he was one of 12 children in a stable but low-income family. He completed nine years in school. Inducted into the Army, applicant completed basic and advanced individual training and was assigned to the Republic of Vietnam. He served as a light vehicle driver in an artillery unit for a full tour in Vietnam, and he returned with his unit to the United States. He had excellent conduct and proficiency ratings and one year and seven months of creditable service. With his father facing prison for vehicular homicide and his girlfriend pregnant, he went AWOL to deal with these problems. He remained absent for nearly three years. In a court-martial, he was sentenced to a Bad Conduct Discharge and imprisonment for six months, two and one-half of which he has served. Disposition: Executive Clemency, 3 months alternate service. Upon completion of alternate service, Clemency Discharge and Pardon. M-12 122-M This white applicant, in his mid-twenties, was born and raised in a small midwestern town. Applicant's father was extremely strict with him and the other children in the family. His parents eventually were divorced. He completed high school by passing the GED test. After enlisting in the Marines in 1969, he volunteered for overseas duty but was rejected because of high blood pressure and bleeding feet. He went AWOL because an automobile rental agent threatened to have him placed in the brig. He was absent from the Marines for three years. At his court-martial, he received a sentence of Bad Conduct Discharge and nine months imprisonment. He has served approximately ten months in prison, including pretrial confinement. He has ten months of cre- ditable service. Disposition: Executive Clemency, 3 months alternate service. Upon completion of alternate service, Clemency Discharge and Pardon. -13- M-13 112-M This applicant is white, in his early twenties, and grew up in an economically-deprived midwestern family. He has completed only two years of high school. He enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps at the behest of his stepfather, but with the reluctant consent of his natural mother. He served honorably for 18 months before going AWOL because of an overwhelming family crisis. During his absence, he became a religious convert. Finding that his religious conscience could no longer cope with his disregard of his legal obligations, he surrendered to the military authorities. He was prosecuted before a general court-martial and sentenced to a Bad Conduct Discharge and imprisonment for five months. The applicant was successful in rehabilitating himself upon release from confinement by finding employment in industry. Disposition: Executive Clemency, 3 months alternate service. Upon completion of alternate service, Clemency Discharge and Pardon. M-14 219-M This applicant is white and the oldest of two children. He has only a 7th grade education. Enlisting in the Army, he was trained as an armor crewman and assigned to Germany. He served for over one year until he went AWOL to attend to some marital problems. His emotional distress caused him to commit two other unauthorized absences. His second and third absences lasted for four years and eight months. After apprehension, he was sentenced by a court- martial, given a Dishonorable Discharge and imprisoned for eight months. He has served over six months of confinement. He has over one year and four months creditable service. Disposition: Executive Clemency, 3 months alternate service. Upon completion of alternate service, Clemency Discharge and Pardon. M-15 242-M This applicant is black, married and has two children. He was born and raised in a large city in the Midwest and is the second of three children. His parents were separated when applicant was ten years old. Because his mother suffered from heart trouble, applicant began working part-time at the age of twelve and eventually quit school after completing the 10th grade to support his family. At the time of his induction into the Army, applicant was married, had a child and was the sole support of his invalid mother. Applicant's AWOL was preci- pitated by the medical and financial problems suffered by his family. He was absent six and one-half years. He was sentenced to a Bad Conduct Discharge, to forfeit all pay and allowances and to be confined at hard labor for five months. He served four months of the sentence. He has five months creditable service. Disposition: Executive Clemency, 3 months alternate service. Upon completion of alternate service, Clemency Discharge and Pardon. -14- M-16 175-M This applicant is black and grew up as one of ten children in a low- income family in the South. His father is a disabled farm laborer. He quit school after the 8th grade to work as a farm laborer also. He was drafted into the Army, where he has received excellent conduct and proficiency ratings. He served over one and one-half years of creditable service, including a full tour of duty in Vietnam. He then went AWOL and he worked as a farm laborer to support his family during his six and one-half year absence. In a court-martial, he was given a Bad Conduct Discharge and sentenced to two and one-half months in confinement. He was confined over four months, including 48 days or pretrial confinement. Disposition: Executive Clemency, 3 months alternate service. Upon completion of alternate service, Clemency Discharge and Pardon. -15- M-17 113-M Applicant is white and the product of a low-income background and family instability; his formal education is limited. He withdrew from school to become self-sustaining because his relatives were unable to help him. After enlisting in the Marine Corps, he volunteered for service in Vietnam. He then married and encountered financial problems. He returned home on emergency leave to discover his pregnant wife could no longer live with her sister. He then absented himself for almost five years to provide her support and a home. After apprehension, he was sentenced to a Dishonorable Discharge and six months confinement. At his trial, numerous associates attested to his outstanding character and reputation in his community. In con- finement, he was a model prisoner. He has served four months of his sentence and has completed approximately six months of creditable service. Disposition: Executive Clemency, 6 months alternate service. Upon completion of alternate service, Clemency Discharge and Pardon. M-18 106-M This black applicant was born and raised in Texas in a stable home environment. He completed one year of college. He is married and has two children. He was drafted into the Marines in 1969. Prior to being drafted he worked as a truck driver. He states that he went AWOL in 1971 to be with his family and help them resolve several serious problems. One of his children died in 1972, and his father is in poor health. He was employed during his unauthorized absence. Apprehended in 1974, he was sentenced to a Bad Conduct Discharge and imprisonment for nine months. He has seven months of creditable service and has served three months of confinement. Disposition: Executive Clemency, 6 months alternate service. Upon completion of alternate service, Clemency Discharge and Pardon. M-19 232-M. Born in a stable midwestern Caucasian family, applicant is the oldest of three children. His formal education is very limited. Inducted into the Army, applicant was trained as an infantryman. On leave, pending assignment overseas, applicant discovered that his wife was contemplating divorce. Emotionally disturbed, he overstayed his leave. Applicant remained AWOL for four years and eleven months. He was court-martialed, sentenced to a Bad Conduct Discharge, and ten months confinement. He has served over three months of that sentence. He has nearly five months of creditable military service. Disposition: Executive Clemency, 6 months alternate service. Upon completion of alternate service, Clemency Discharge and Pardon. -16- M-20 170-M This applicant, who is white and 26 years old, was born and raised in the Northeast in a family of poor financial circumstances. After the 11th grade, he dropped out of school to get a job. The following year he enlisted in the Army and obtained his GED. During his first year he had two lengthy periods of AWOL for which he was sentenced to six months confinement. The third time he remained absent for over seven years. During this time both his father and his brother had health problems and he worked in a factory to help support the family. After turning himself in, he was convicted and sentenced to a Bad Conduct Discharge and three months confinement. Including pretrial detention, he has served four months and ten days in confinement. Disposition: Executive Clemency, 6 months alternate service. Upon completion of alternate service, Clemency Discharge and Pardon. M-21 162-M This applicant is black, in his mid-twenties, and grew up in an intact family with seven children. He dropped out of high school in the 11th grade and thereafter enlisted in the Army. He has nine months, 20 days of creditable military service, during which his conduct and efficiency were rated excellent. He went AWOL after injuring his arm in a parachute jump and being unable to relieve the pain. He married while AWOL and now has three children. He was convicted for two months of AWOL; he received a Bad Conduct Discharge and six months confinement. He has served three months of his sentence. Disposition: Executive Clemency, 6 months alternate service. Upon completion of alternate service, Clemency Discharge and Pardon. M-22 120-M This applicant is white, in his early twenties, and was raised in a stable home environment in the South. After completing nine years of education he went to work for a construction company and later enlisted in the Marine Corps. He has over five months creditable service. During Infantry Training School he experienced back problems, and, unable to obtain satisfactory medical treatment, he went AWOL. Thirteen months later he surrendered but again went AWOL during his trial. He was sentenced in absentia to a Bad Conduct Discharge and six months confinement. He later surrendered and has served two months of his sentence. Disposition: Executive Clemency, 6 months alternate service. Upon completion of alternate service, Clemency Discharge and Pardon. -17- M-23 125-M The applicant is white and lived in a large New England family. His family was on welfare, and he completed only eight years of school. He is now married and has two children. After enlisting in the Marine Corps, he had eight months of creditable service. His two incidents of AWOL totaled almost fifteen months. The first time, he and a friend went on leave, and he was afraid to return when his friend went AWOL. The second offense occurred when he was having marital troubles. At his court-martial he received a Bad Conduct Discharge and a seven month sentence. He has served over five months of that sentence. Disposition: Executive Clemency, seven months alternate service. Upon completion of alternate service, Clemency Discharge and Pardon. M-24 176-M This applicant is black, is the youngest of nine children, and was raised by his mother in a stable but low-income midwestern home. He gradu- ated from high school and worked as a laborer and painter until he was drafted. After almost six months service, he went AWOL rather than report to an overseas replacement station because of his opposition to the Vietnam War. He had never applied for conscientious objector status because he had no religious justification for doing SO. He returned but went AWOL again, making him absent for a total of over four and one- half years. After a court-martial and sentence review, he was given a Bad Conduct Discharge and sentenced to four months confinement. He has served that sentence, plus two months of pretrial confinement. Disposition: Executive Clemency, nine months alternate service. Upon completion of alternate service, Clemency Discharge and Pardon. M-25 221-M This applicant, in his early thirties, is the third of five children born to a stable but low-income white family in the South. He dropped out of school in the 10th grade. After being drafted into the Army, he enlisted for a regular term of service. His total creditable service is two years and four months. He went AWOL shortly before the termination of his enlistment because of frustration about his inability to ascertain his pro- jected date of discharge, his concern for his ailing father, and the finan- cial plight of his family. During his absence he worked in construction. After an absence of five years and nine months, he was sentenced to a Dishonorable Discharge and imprisonment for four months. He has served over three months of that sentence. Disposition: Executive Clemency, nine months alternate service. Upon completion of alternate service, Clemency Discharge and Pardon. -18- M-26 256-M This applicant, in his mid-twonties, is of Hawaiian ancestry. He was drafted into the Army after leaving high school, but he claimed to be unfit for military service because of his bad back. His claim was rejected, and he later went AWOL to get medical treatment for his back problem. After 3 1/2 years of AWOL, he surrendered to civil authorities. He has nine months of creditable service. In a court-martial, he was sentenced to a Bad Conduct Discharge and confinement for ten months. He was incarcerated for nearly six months. Disposition: Executive Clemency, ten months alternate service. Upon completion of alternate service, Clemency Discharge and Pardon. M-27 196-M This applicant is white, in his mid-twenties, and was raised in a large family in the West. Although the family was not well off financially, a very good family relationship existed. This applicant completed one year of college before leaving because of a drug problem. He married and with his wife's help stopped taking drugs. He was subsequently drafted and, due to the avail- ability of drugs in the Army and the pressure that he was under, he began taking them again. To receive treatment for his drug problem and to be with his wife who was eight months pregnant, this applicant went AWOL. After being AWOL for over 2 1/2 years, he was court-martialed and sentenced to a Bad Conduct Discharge with eight months confinement. He has served four months in prison. He has four and a half months creditable service. Disposition: Executive Clemency, eleven months alternate service. Upon completion of alternate service, Clemency Discharge and Pardon. M-28 111-M This applicant, in his early twenties, is white and the third of five children born to a low-income and very unstable family. He only completed the eighth grade. When he was young, his mother divorced his father because of physical cruelty. He continued to live with his natural father, a farm laborer. At the age of twelve, he resumed living with his mother who had remarried. He lived with this family unit until age fifteen when he separated because of conflict with his stepfather. At the age of eighteen, he enlisted in the USMC. Although achieving satisfactory proficiency and conduct ratings during his four months of creditable service, he went AWOL twice for a total of over two years. He was sentenced to a Bad Conduct Discharge and imprisonment for 8 months, two months of which he has served. Disposition: Executive Clemency, eleven months alternate service. Upon completion of alternate service, Clemency Discharge and Pardon. -19- M-29 205-M This applicant, who is white and in his late twenties, was born and raised in New England. He dropped out of high school prior to gradu- ation due to his marriage and the birth of a child, and joined the National Guard. Two years later, he was discharged for failure to attend meetings and, two years after that, was ordered to active duty. In the meantime, he had obtained his GED Certificate and worked as a truckdriver, accountant, salesman, and sales manager. He explains his AWOL was because he was unable to obtain a medical discharge for a back problem. He was apprehended after six months, but three weeks later again went AWOL and this time remained absent over four and one- half years. Part of the time, he was in a Canadian prison for a bigamy conviction, due to his mistaken belief that his first marriage had been annulled. After being released to U. S. authorities, he was convicted and sentenced to ten months confinement and a Bad Conduct Discharge. The applicant has served eight months and twenty days in prison. He has almost ten months creditable service. Disposition: Executive Clemency, twelve months alternate service. Upon completion of alternate service, Clemency Discharge and Pardon.