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5/14/75 - Mayaguez Seizure (2)
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5/14/75 - Mayaguez Seizure (2)
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The original documents are located in Box 122, folder "5/14/75 - Mayaguez Seizure (2)" of
the John Marsh Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
Copyright Notice
The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of
photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald R. Ford donated to the United
States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections.
Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public
domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to
remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid
copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
Digitized from Box 122 of The John Marsh Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library
[5/13/75]
SECRET SENSITIVE
TALKING POINTS FOR CONGRESSIONAL NOTIFICATION
I am calling to inform you on a classified basis, of certain developments
with regard to the seizure of an American merchant vessel by Cambodian
naval vessels off the coast of Cambodia yesterday. The United States
has demanded the immediate release of the ship and its crew. There has
been no Cambodian response to this demand.
As a precautionary measure, the President has ordered the
U. S. military forces to take certain actions:
-- to prevent the American seamen from being transferred
from the vessel or the nearby island to the Cambodian mainland,
placing their lives in jeopardy and restricting our ability to rescue
them.
-- to prevent reinforcement from the Mainland of the Cambodian
forces detaining the American vessel and crew.
With these objectives in mind, the President has directed that U. S.
aircraft should attempt to stop the movement of Cambodian boats between
the ship or the island and the Cambodian mainland, and to prevent movement
of the ship itself. Our military commanders have been directed to use the
minimum force required to achieve these objectives.
FYI - You may draw on, but not go beyond, the attached fact sheet in
answering questions on this subject.
DECLASSIFIED
Authority Open in Buchen (W.H.Guidelines)
FORD A. RALD LIBRARY
GE
By KBH
NLF Date 1/29/98
Status of the U. S. Merchant Ship Seized by Cambodians
The S. S. Mayaguez, seized by Cambodian Communist forces, May 12,
is now about 20 miles outside the port of Kompong Som, just north of Koh
Tang Island. The ship is dead in the water, and there is reason to believe
that most or all of its crew has been transferred to the island. The ship
is being kept under surveillance by U. S. reconnaissance aircraft.
As a precautionary measure, several U. S. Navy combat vessels
have been ordered to proceed to the general area of Koh Tang Island.
The U. S. has requested that Phnom Penh authorities have the ship
released immediately. We have, so far, received no reply.
An NSC meeting was convened this morning.
RALD GE R. FORD NERANT
CONGRESSIONAL CONTACTS OF May 13, 1975
MEMBER
TIME
LOCATION
COMMENTS
Price, Mel
5:50 pm
Home in DC
"Fine thanks you. IT
(Bennett)
McFall, John
11:00 pm
Home in DC
"President should keez
(Bennett)
going. He's doing the
right thing. Fine, than
1:
you.
Cederberg, Al
5:55 pm
Office
"Can't allow it to happe
(Bennett)
we must do what it take.
to get the ship back -
FORD A LIBRARY RALD
otherwise we may as wel
GE GERALD
put the Navy in Mothbal
Thank you. If
O'Neill, Tip
6:14 pm
Office
"Where's the ship. Where
(Leppert)
is the crew/ Do we have
ships there? Those
bastards, we can't let
them get away with this
They 11 harrass us for
ever."
Morgan, Doc
6:08 pm
Wayne Hays
party on Hill "No, that's exactly what
(Leppert)
Isthink he should have
done."
Michel, Bob
5:59 pm
Office
"That's fine, do we know
(Leppert)
where the crew is? That
is the least we can do.
I'm for doing more. We
can't let these birds
horse us around."
Broomfield, Bill
5:55pm
Office
"Good, good. I'm all
(Loen)
for it. Thanks for the
report.
"
Rhodes , John
5:50 pm
Rep. Bob
"Are the marines being
Wilson's
sent in? Thanks for
Office
the report."
(Loen)
Mahon, George
6:05 pm
Office
"Good. I think he shoul
(Loen)
do that. I appreciate
this report very much."
Speaker albert 5:47p.m. (capital) mike Reid
"What dip lomatic
channils am
(Friedardof)
you gaing
Statements by Chairman Olin Teague:
May 13, 1975
"A nation with power that does not have sufficient intelligence
to use it does not have power. President Ford has said that he
is taking immediate steps to obtain release of the U.S. merchant
ship seized by the Cambodians. I hope he succeeds; however, if
diplomatic efforts fail to return the ship and its crew within
the next few days, I believe our military should take immediate
steps to retaliate because we need to show the world that the
United States is not a paper tiger to be humiliated at the whim
of an irrational foreign government."
May 14, 1975
When the Cambodians captured the U.S. merchant ship I said that
we should try to get the ship and the men back through diplomatic
means if possible, and if not, we should retaliate militarily.
Now that our planes have been fired upon and the President
has responded by sinking the Cambodian vessels, I must say that
I support the President's actions 100%. The President has full
authority to proceed as he has and I am pleased that he has taken
the initiative and used his legal authority. We must not allow
the piracy of our ships by any nation. The President has used
his power intelligently and effectively."
These statements were dictated by the Chairman's secretary,
after which, the Chairman personally said that he is convinced
that the President is "playing with his helmut on."
FORD
&
RALD
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
May 14, 1975
MEMORANDUM FOR:
MAX L. FRIEDERSDORF
FORD a RALD LIBRARY
BE
FROM:
WILLIAM T. KENDALL
SUBJECT:
Notification of action regarding S.S. Mayaquez
SENATOR
TIME
PLACE
STAFF
COMMENT
Mansfield
5:55
Office
WK
O.K., thanks for calling.
Case
6:00
Office
WK
Pleased to have informa-
tion. Asked if crew mem-
bers were on ship or
island. Appreciated call.
Byrd
6:10
Home
WK for
Good initial steps. Thinks
(W. Va.)
POD
President should give them
deadline and then go in and
get them.
Scott (Pa.)
6:15
Home
WK
That's good. Keep me
informed.
Young
6:30
Home
WK
Good. Are we sure crew
is on either island or ship?
Stennis
6:35
Press
WK
Senator approves of steps.
Club
Will back President all the
way.
Griffin
6:05
Office
POD
Thank you. What are
Chinese doing? Keep
me informed.
SENATOR
TIME
PLACE
STAFF
COMMENT
Thurmond
6:08
Office
POD
They are testing us.
President must be firm.
Public will back him 100%.
Sparkman
6:30
Home
POD
Thank you. Sure is a
sticky situation. I hear
the boat is now moving.
McClellan
7:20
Home
POD
I support the President's
actions. We must be
tough with these people
and resort to bombing if
necessary.
Eastland
8:20
Office
WK for
The American people
POD
would support action.
The quicker the better.
"Blow the Hell out of
them. 11
RALD 'GIT A. FORD
[5/14/75]
SECRET/SENSITIVE
DISCUSSION PAPER
As a follow-up to our telephone call to you last night concerning the
seizure of an American vessel in the Gulf of Thailand, I want to provide
you in advance and on a private basis the following information which will
be announced by the Department of Defense shortly after noon today.
Beginning at 8:30 p.m. EDT yesterday, there were indications
that the Cambodians appeared to be attempting to move U. S. captive
crewmen from the ship to the mainland. After giving warning and
taking precautions to avoid injury to Americans, U.S. aircraft began
efforts to block this movement. Three Cambodian patrol craft were
destroyed and four others were damaged and immobilized. One boat
succeeded in reaching Kompong Som, possibly with some U.S. captives
aboard.
The MAYAGUEZ is still anchored off Koh Tang Island. The first
U.S. Navy surface vessel, the destroyer escort HOLT, arrived in the
area this morning. In the meantime, a Swedish refrigerator cargo ship,
the MS HIRADO, was reportedly attacked by a patrol boat off Panjang
Island, which is also claimed by Cambodia. Radio contact has been lost
and the fate of this ship is unknown.
The NSC held a second meeting yesterday at 10: 30 p.m. EDT and
will meet again today. We will keep you informed.
FORD is LIBRA
DECLASSIFIED
GE
Authority Open in Friedersdorf files( unmarked)
By
KBH
NLF Date 1/29/98
***A107
B LQTCZZCEBSA WX
FURGENT
TUES CAMBODIAN 035 LEAD
+BY KENNETH J. FREED
ASSOCIATED PRESS WRITER
WASHINGTON (AP) - SENATE REPUBLICAN LEADER HUGH SCOT SAIDSTODAY
EXPECT ECTING THE SEIZED MERCHANT SHIP
MAYAGUEZ WITHIN: THE NEXT 24 HOURS
OF "MININUM NECESSAR MEASURES'' TO 39 MAN CREW.
SPEAKING TO REPORTERS: SCOTT DEFINED THOSE MEASURES AS THE ''MINIMUM
FORCE NECESSARY, SHOULD FORCE BE NECESSARY. " HE DID NOT ELABORATE.
"THE PRIMARY CONCERN IS THE RECOVERY OF THE CREW SCOTT SAID, ADDING
THAT "HE MAY REACH A SITUATION WHICH MAY REQUIRE THE USE OF MINIMUM
NECESSARY MEASURES TO BRING THAT ABOUT. "
"I HOULD EXPECT THAT WITHIN THE NEXT 24 HOURS THERE HOULD BE SOME
DEVELOPMENTS AFFECTING THE VESSEL!" HE SAID,
SCOTT'S STATEMENTS CAME AS THE FORD ADMINISTRATION HAD LITTLE
EXPECTATION OF A DIPLOMATIC END TO THE CAMBODIAN SHIP CRISIS, HOPING
INSTEAD FOR A COMMUNIST CAVE-IN TO THE IMPLIED THREAT OF U.S. MILITARY
ACTION.
*PRESIDENT: 2ND GRAF A035
Po1015aeo MAY 14
GE GERALD RALD LIBRARY A. FORD
7
REQUEST/RECEIPT FOR LDX TRANSMISSION
138
ADDRESSEE: PLSE ENTER STATION, TOR,
V.CC STATION SERIAL NUMBER
OPERATORS SIGNATURE AND RETURN TO NMCC:
TIME PROCESSED AT NMCC
FROM:
14 NAY 75 1355
TOR:
75 THE 14 PA 2:07
NAME:
a
TO BE FILLED IN BY REQUESTER
FROM: Cal Finkelstein OFFICE/DESK: OCJCS
PHONE NR: 71309
TO:
X
WHITE HOUSE mr Counsel to the Resident
Philip Buchen
DIA (PENT)
X
your MONTON Leig h
STATE DEPT
DIA (ARL HALL)
CIA
Rm 64 632-9598 25
DNA
NSA
NPIC (NAYY YARD)
ANMCC
SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS
acts
—
CLASSIFICATION
PAGES 2
P. FORD LIE.
RALD
Dear Mr. Speaker:
On 12 May 1974, I was advised that the SS Mayaquez, a merchant vessel
of United States registry with a US citizen crew, was fired upon, stopped,
boarded, and seized by the Armed Forces of Cambodia in international waters
in the vicinity of Poulo Wai Island. The seized vessel was then forced
to proceed to Koh Tang Island where it remains at anchor. This hostile
act was in clear violation of international law.
In view of this illegal and dangerous act, I order United States
military forces to conduct the necessary reconnaissance and to be ready
to respond if diplomatic efforts to acquire the return of the vessel
failed. A Panamanian ship, the
had been detained by the
Cambodians on
but had been released on
Appropriate demands for the return of the Mayaquez were made, both
publicly
and
privately.
No response has been received except that
United States reconnaissance aircraft seeking to loacte the Mayaquez
were fired upon, and two such aircraft were hit by small arms fire.
In accordance with my desire that the Congress be fully informed
on this matter and taking note of Section 4(a) (1) of the War Powers
Resolution, I wish to report to you that in order to stablize the
situation and to preclude removal of the American crew of the Mayaquez
to the mainland, I directed that the United States Armed Forces isolate
the island and interdict any movement between the island and the mainland.
Notwithstanding visual warnings and warning shots, at 8:30 PM EDT on May 13,
A
FORD
-2-
a Cambodian patrol boat attempted to leave the island, was taken under
fire by US aircraft and was sunk. Subsequently, a few other small
craft which also ignored the warnings were destroyed of immobilized.
A total of three Cambodian patrol craft have been destroyed and four
others were damaged and immobilized. One boat succeeded in reaching
Kompong Som, possibly with some U.S. captives aboard, after efforts
to turn it around without injury to the passengers failed.
Although I hope that the ship and its crew will be returned
without further use of the Armed Forces of the United States, it
may be necessary to take further action to achieve that objective.
The destroyer escort HOLT with a small complement of marines
arrived in the area at 12 noon EDT today; marines augmentation forces
will be put aboard later this afternoon; the carrier CORAL SEA and
a task force including marines and helicopters will arrive in the
area early tomorrow morning. It is not possible to advise you at this
time as to when US involvement in this situation will terminate.
This operation was ordered and conducted pursuant to the
President't Executive Power and his Constitutional authority as
Commander-in-Chief of the United States Armed Forces.
OF A. FORD LIBE
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
MAY 14, 1975
Office of the White House Press Secretary
THE WHITE HOUSE
TEXT OF A MESSAGE TO THE CAMBODIAN AUTHORITIES
FROM THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT
We have heard radio broadcast that you are prepared to release
the S. S. Mayaguez. We welcome this development, if true.
As you know, we have seized the ship. As soon as you issue a
statement that you are prepared to release the crew members
you hold unconditionally and immediately, we will promptly
cease military operations.
###
RALD LIB A. FORD
A
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
MAY 14, 1975
Office of the White House Press Secretary
THE WHITE HOUSE
STATEMENT BY THE PRESS SECRETARY
In further pursuit of our efforts to obtain the release of the
SS MAYAGUEZ and its crew, the President has directed the follow-
ing military measures, starting this evening Washington time:
-- U.S. Marines to board the SS MAYAGUEZ.
-- U.S. Marines to land on Koh Tang Island, in order to rescue
any crew members as may be on the Island.
-- Aircraft from the carrier "Coral Sea" to undertake associated
military operations in the area in order to protect and support the
operations to regain the vessel and members of the crew.
#
#
#
FORD is RALD
in
TOP SECRET
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
May 14, 1975
MEMORANDUM FOR:
JACK MARSH
FROM:
PHILIP BUCHEN T.W.B.
SUBJECT:
The Mayaguez Situation in
Connection with the War Powers
Resolution
Following are the critical times as reported to me by
Marty Hoffman:
Monday, May 12 at 9:16 p.m. edt
A Navy P-3 aircraft used for reconnaissance was shot
at by rifle fire from the deck of the Mayaguez.
Tuesday, May 13 at 6:15 a.m. edt
Combat aircraft began action to interdict vessels
leaving the Island of Koh Tang.
Tuesday, May 13 at 8:30 p.m. edt
The first of the Cambodian vessels was sunk.
Under the War Powers Resolution, the President is required
to make his submission within 48 hours of the time when
U. S. Armed Forces are introduced either:
(1) into hostilities or into situations were
imminent involvement in hostilities is
clearly indicated by the circumstances, or
(2) into the air space of a foreign nation while
equipped for combat.
HORE ROO F. FORD
DECLASSIFIED
Authority MR 89-15,#4 (Buchen)
TOP SECRET
By KBH
NLF Dria 1/29/98
TOP SECRET
- 2 -
In this case, it could be argued that the reconnaissance
plane was introduced into a situation of imminent hostility
when it got close enough to the ship at 9:16 p.m., Monday,
to be the target for rifle power. Even if this event did
not start the running of the 48 hour period, it would
certainly have started about 6:15 a.m. on Tuesday when air-
craft equipped for combat was undoubtedly entering the
air space of the Cambodian Island and over the Cambodian
territorial waters.
Marty Hoffman concurs in having the report filed before
the close of business today based on what information is
available at the time of the drafting. He is preparing
a draft to submit to us about noon today. The report
should, of course, include the events of last night in
and around the Island of Koh Tang, but it also must include
"the estimated scope and duration of the hostilities or
involvement."
This requirement immediately raises the issue as to whether
the decision contemplated by the President to involve B-52's
from Guam in bombing of Cambodian mainland should be dis-
closed when the "estimated scope" is reported on. Marty
tells me that the flight line at the air-field in Guam
has been closed to the public but is easily viewable from
a nearby hotel. This situation will likely bring press
speculation sometime soon, if it has not already come out,
that use of B-52's is being contemplated, even if the
decision hasn't been finally made.
Marty also tells me that there has been a radio intercept
to the effect that a Swedish ship has been fired upon or
seized by the Cambodians.
&
FORD
ALD
TOP SECRET
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
May 14, 1975
MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT
FROM:
MAX L. FRIEDERSDORF
SUBJECT:
Congressional Consultations on the Mayaguez
Situation
Attached are logs of calls to the Senate and House of
Representatives made in advance of the Department of
Defense release of information on the Mayaguez situation
us RALD GERALD R. 917 FORD
mm
CONGRESSIONAL CONTACTS OF May 13, 1975
MEMBER
TIME
LOCATION
COMMENTS
Price, Mel
5:50 pm
Home in DC
"Fine thanks you. "
(Bennett)
McFall, John
11:00 pm
Home in DC
"President should keep
(Bennett)
going. He's doing the
right thing. Fine, that
11
you.
Cederberg, Al
5:55 pm
Office
"Can't allow it to happe
(Bennett)
we must do what it take
to get the ship back -
otherwise we may as we.
put the Navy in Mothbal
Thank you. "
O'Neill, Tip
6:14 pm
Office
"Where's the ship. Where
(Leppert)
is the crew/ Do we have
ships there? Those
bastards, we can't let
them get away with thi:
They 11 harrass us for
ever.
"
Morgan, Doc
6:08 pm
Wayne Hays
party on Hill "No, that's exactly wha
(Leppert)
Isthink he should have
done."
Michel, Bob
5:59 pm
Office
"That's fine, do we kno
(Leppert)
where the crew is? Tha
is the least we can do
I'm for doing more. We
can't let these birds
horse us around."
Broomfield, Bill
5:55pm
Office
"Good, good. I'm all
(Loen)
for it. Thanks for th
report."
Rhodes, John
5:50 pm
Rep. Bob
"Are the marines being
Wilson's
sent in? Thanks for
Office
the report." "
(Loen)
Mahon, George
6:05 pm
Office
"Good. I think he shou
(Loen)
do that. I appreciate
this report very much.
A
FORD
OF
Senator
Time
Place
Staff
Comment
Stennis
11:55
Office
BK
We are doing the right
thing protecting our
men. Situation getting
sticky.
Case
12:00
For. Rel.
BK
Fine, boy. Thank you.
Committee
Sparkman
11:45
For. Rel.
PO'D
Thanks. I wonder what
Committee
those Pacifist Swedes
are going to do about
their vessel.
Thurmond
11:50
Office
PO'D
Thank you. How and
why did the one boat
get through to the
mainland.
McClellan
11:50
Office
PO'D
What's the story on
the boat that got
through.
Eastland
11:50
Office
PO'D
Thank you. Looks like
things are getting
serious.
Mansfield
11:10
Dem. Policy RW
OK. How many boats
Mtg.
destroyed again?
Thank you.
Scott
11:15
Rules Comm. RW
They won't even let
the Swedes alone. This
process is continuing.
I wish you would keep
me advised.
Griffin
11:42
Rules Comm.
RW
Have you talked to
Sen. Scott already?
Byrd
11:45
Senate
RW
Said "Good" on being
Rules
told that 3 Cambodian
boats were destroyed.
Young
11:55
RW
Was concerned about
the boat that got back
to mainland. Thank you.
A
FORD
40
LIBRAR
5/14
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
MEMBER
TIME
WHERE
WHO
COMMENT
The Speaker
11:15 am
Capitol
Speaker
No Comment
(Frieders-
dorf)
Tip O'Neill
11:20 am
Capitol
O'Neill
"This is getting
(Frieders-
more serious. "
dorf)
John McFall
11:25 am
Capitol
McFall
"Good, good.
(Frieders-
Thanks."
dorf)
John Rhodes
11:30 am
Capitol
Rhodes
"Are there other
(Frieders-
craft on the way?
dorf)
What orders is the
HOLT under?"
Bob Michel
11:32
Capitol
Michel
No Comment
(Frieders-
dorf)
George Mahon
11:41 am
Capitol
Mahon
"I'm sorry. Thanks
(Frieders-
for calling.' "
dorf)
"Doc" Morgan
11:18 am
Capitol
Morgan
No Comment
(Leppert)
Bill Broomfield
11:25 am
Capitol
Broomfield
"All for what the
(Leppert)
President is doing
and support his
strong actions." "
Mel Price
11:35 am
Capitol
Price
No Comment
(Leppert)
Al Cederberg
11:40 am
Capitol
Cederberg
"Keep us informed.
(Leppert)
What is the U.S.
HOLT to do?"
Bob Wilson
11:59
am
Capitol
Wilson
"Do we know if any
(Leppert)
crew of the U.S.
ship were aboard
the three boats
RALD R. FORD
sunk?"
[ca 5/14/75]
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
Vern Loen called and talked personally
to Reps. Rhodes, Bob Wilson, Mahon
and Broomfield.
All reactions were good, all supported
actions as indicated in talking paper
read to them.
FORD & LIBRARY RALD
">
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
MAY 15, 1975
OFFICE OF THE WHITE HOUSE PRESS SECRETARY
THE WHITE HOUSE
STATEMENT BY THE PRESIDENT
ON THE
SS MAYAGUEZ
THE BRIEFING ROOM
12:27 A.M. EDT
At my direction, the United States forces
tonight boarded the American merchant ship SS MAYAGUEZ
and landed at the Island of Koh Tang for the purpose
of rescuing the crew and the ship, which had been
illegally seized by Cambodian forces. They also conducted
supporting strikes against nearby military installations.
I have now received information that the vessel
has been recovered intact and the entire crew has been
rescued. The forces that have successfully accomplished
this mission are still under hostile fire, but are
preparing to disengage.
I wish to express my deep appreciation and that
of the entire Nation to the units and the men who
participate in these operations for their valor and for
their sacrifice.
END (AT 12:29 A.M. EDT)
FORD A LIBRARY OERALD RALD
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
May 15, 1975
MEMORANDUM FOR:
MAX FRIEDERSDORF
THRU:
VERN LOEN VL
FROM:
CHARLES LEPPERT, JR. Cay
SUBJECT:
S.S. Mayaguez Incident - Report to Congress
War Powers Resolution
The report to the Congress on the S.S. Mayaguez incident were delivered on
May 15, 1975 to the following Members of the U.S. House of Representatives.
Member
Recipient
Time
Place
Speaker Albert
(VL)
left under door
2:04 a. m.
Capitol Office
11
"
(CL)
Mike Reed
2:20 a.m.
Reed's home
Rep. O'Neill
(CL)
Rep. O'Neill
11:09 a. m.
Capitol office
Rep. McFall
(CL)
Rita Herald
11:12 a. m.
Capitol office
Rep. Rhodes
(CL)
Lee Prouty
11:15 a. m.
Capitol office
Rep. Michel
(CL)
Ralph Vinovich
9:58 a. m.
Office
Rep. Mahon
(DB)
Pers. secy
11:43 a. m.
Office
Rep. Price
(DB)
Pers. secy
11:40 a.m.
Office
Rep. Morgan
(CL)
Connie Yesh
10:59 a.m.
Office
Rep. Wilson(Bob) (DB)
Pers. secy
11:42 a.m.
Office
Rep. Broomfield (CL)
Rep. Broomfield
10:55 a.m.
Rayburn HOB
Rep. Cederberg
(DB)
Pers. secy
11:44 a.m.
Office
RALD A. FORD
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
May 15, 1975
Dear Mr. President:
On 12 May 1975, I was advised that the SS Mayaguez, a
merchant vessel of United States registry enroute from
Hong Kong to Thailand with a U. S. citizen crew, was
fired upon, stopped, boarded, and seized by Cambodian
naval patrol boats of the Armed Forces of Cambodia in
international waters in the vicinity of Poulo Wai Island.
The seized vessel was then forced to proceed to Koh Tang
Island where it was required to anchor. This hostile
act was in clear violation of international law.
In view of this illegal and dangerous act, I ordered, as
you have been previously advised, United States military
forces to conduct the necessary reconnaissance and to be
ready to respond if diplomatic efforts to secure the
return of the vessel and its personnel were not success-
ful. Two United States reconnaissance aircraft in the
course of locating the Mayaguez sustained minimal damage
from small firearms. Appropriate demands for the return
of the Mayaguez and its crew were made, both publicly
and privately, without success.
In accordance with my desire that the Congress be informed
on this matter and taking note of Section 4 (a) (1) of the
War Powers Resolution, I wish to report to you that at
about 6:20 A.M., 13 May, pursuant to my instructions to
prevent the movement of the Mayaguez into a mainland port,
U. S. aircraft fired warning shots across the bow of the
ship and gave visual signals to small craft approaching
the ship. Subsequently, in order to stabilize the
situation and in an attempt to preclude removal of the
American crew of the Mayaguez to the mainland, where their
rescue would be more difficult, I directed the United
States Armed Forces to isolate the island and interdict
any movement between the ship or the island and the main-
land, and to prevent movement of the ship itself, while
still taking all possible care to prevent loss of
injury to the U. $ captives. During the evening O
13 May, a Cambodian patrol boat attempting to leave the
LIBRARY
BRAR
30
- 2 -
island disregarded aircraft warnings and was sunk. There-
after, two other Cambodian patrol craft were destroyed and
four others were damaged and immobilized. One boat,
suspected of having some U. S. captives aboard, succeeded
in reaching Kompong Som after efforts to turn it around
without injury to the passengers failed.
Our continued objective in this operation was the rescue
of the captured American crew along with the retaking of
the ship Mayaguez. For that purpose, I ordered late this
afternoon an assault by United States Marines on the island
of Koh Tang to search out and rescue such Americans as
might still be held there, and I ordered retaking of the
Mayaguez by other marines boarding from the destroyer
escort HOLT. In addition to continued fighter and gunship
coverage of the Koh Tang area, these marine activities
were supported by tactical aircraft from the CORAL SEA,
striking the military airfield at Ream and other military
targets in the area of Kompong Som in order to prevent
reinforcement or support from the mainland of the
Cambodian forces detaining the American vessel and crew.
At approximately 9:00 P.M. EDT on 14 May, the Mayaguez was
retaken by United States forces. At approximately 11:30
P.M., the entire crew of the Mayaguez was taken aboard the
WILSON. U. S. forces have begun the process of disengage-
ment and withdrawal.
This operation was ordered and conducted pursuant to the
President's constitutional Executive power and his
authority as Commander-in-Chief of the United States Armed
Forces.
Sincerely, Geod R. For
The Honorable James O. Eastland
President Pro Tempore of the Senate
United States Senate
Washington, D. C. 20510
A
FORD A LIBRARY GERALD RALD 30
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
May 15, 1975
Dear Mr. Speaker:
On 12 May 1975, I was advised that the SS Mayaguez, a
merchant vessel of United States registry enroute from
Hong Kong to Thailand with a U. S. citizen crew, was
fired upon, stopped, boarded, and seized by Cambodian
naval patrol boats of the Armed Forces of Cambodia in
international waters in the vicinity of Poulo Wai Island.
The seized vessel was then forced to proceed to Koh Tang
Island where it was required to anchor. This hostile
act was in clear violation of international law.
In view of this illegal and dangerous act, I ordered, as
you have been previously advised, United States military
forces to conduct the necessary reconnaissance and to be
ready to respond if diplomatic efforts to secure the
return of the vessel and its personnel were not success-
ful. Two United States reconnaissance aircraft in the
course of locating the Mayaguez sustained minimal damage
from small firearms. Appropriate demands for the return
of the Mayaguez and its crew were made, both publicly
and privately, without success.
In accordance with my desire that the Congress be informed
on this matter and taking note of Section 4 (a) (1) of the
War Powers Resolution, I wish to report to you that at
about 6:20 A.M., 13 May, pursuant to my instructions to
prevent the movement of the Mayaguez into a mainland port,
U. S. aircraft fired warning shots across the bow of the
ship and gave visual signals to small craft approaching
the ship. Subsequently, in order to stabilize the
situation and in an attempt to preclude removal of the
American crew of the Mayaguez to the mainland, where their
rescue would be more difficult, I directed the United
States Armed Eorces to isolate the island and interdict
any movement between the ship or the island and the main-
land, and to prevent movement of the ship itself, while
still taking all possible care to prevent loss of life or
injury to the U. captives. During the evening of
13 May, a Cambodian patrol boat attempting to leave the
FORD
&
RALD
on
- 2 -
island disregarded aircraft warnings and was sunk. There-
after, two other Cambodian patrol craft were destroyed and
four others were damaged and immobilized. One boat,
suspected of having some U. S. captives aboard, succeeded
in reaching Kompong Som after efforts to turn it around
without injury to the passengers failed.
Our continued objective in this operation was the rescue
of the captured American crew along with the retaking of
the ship Mayaguez. For that purpose, I ordered late this
afternoon an assault by United States Marines on the island
of Koh Tang to search out and rescue such Americans as
might still be held there, and I ordered retaking of the
Mayaguez by other marines boarding from the destroyer
escort HOLT. In addition to continued fighter and gunship
coverage of the Koh Tang area, these marine activities
were supported by tactical aircraft from the CORAL SEA,
striking the military airfield at Ream and other military
targets in the area of Kompong Som in order to prevent
reinforcement or support from the mainland of the
Cambodian forces detaining the American vessel and crew.
At approximately 9:00 P.M. EDT on 14 May, the Mayaguez was
retaken by United States forces. At approximately 11:30
P.M., the entire crew of the Mayaguez was taken aboard
the WILSON. U. S. forces have begun the process of disen-
gagement and withdrawal.
This operation was ordered and conducted pursuant to the
President's constitutional Executive power and his
authority as Commander-in-Chief of the United States
Armed Forces.
Sincerely,
Health
R.
70ml
The Honorable;
The Speaker
United States House of Representatives
Washington, D. C 20515
ALD A. 17 FORD
May 16, 1975
Chronology of Events of the Mayaguez Incident
MONDAY, MAY 12, 1975
The following events took place in the early morning hours between
3:18 a.m. and 7:40 a. m.
(1)
Mr. John Neal of theDelta Exploration Col. in Jakarta, Indonesia
received a Mayday call from the Mayaguez. Message stated "Have
been fired upon and boarded by Cambodian armed forces at 9 degrees
48 minutes north/102 degrees 53 minutes east. Ship is being towed
to unknown Cambodian port. "
(2)
Mr. Neal gave up trying to reach the ship and informed the
U.S. Embassy of the incident.
(3)
U. S. Embassy in Jakarta informed Washington of the incident.
(4)
General Scowcroft briefed the President.
7:35 a. m.
The President to the Oval Office.
7:40 a.m.
General Scowcroft to the Oval Office.
8:00 a.m.
General Scowcroft out.
9:23 a.m.
Secretary Kissinger to the Oval Office.
9:30 a.m.
General Scowcroft to the Oval Office.
10:35 a.m.
Secretary Kissinger and General Scowcroft out.
12:05 p.m.
The President to the Cabinet Room for NSC Meeting.
At this NSC meeting, the President asked for more
information on forces available, location of the
ship and diplomatic initiatives.
1:50 p.m.
Press briefing and statement.
BALD LIBA R. FORD
- 2 -
MONDAY, MAY 12, 1975 (cont. )
7:08 p.m.
The President to the Residence.
9:16 p.m.
Using reconnaissance aircraft made a positive
identification of the ship and observed it being
escorted by Cambodian gunboats. The aircraft
was fired at and hit, sustaining minor damage.
10:29 p.m.
PHONE CALL: Incoming call from General Scowcroft.
10:32 p.m.
PHONE CALL terminated.
TUESDAY, MAY 13, 1975
2:21 a. m.
PHONE CALL: Incoming from General Scowcroft.
2:23 a. m.
PHONE CALL terminated.
6:52 a.m.
PHONE CALL: Incoming from Secretary Schlesinger.
6:54 a. m.
Press briefing and statement.
7:00 a. m.
PHONE CALL terminated from Secretary Schlesinger.
7:03 a. m.
PHONE CALL: Incoming from Secretary Schlesinger.
7:06 a. m.
PHONE CALL terminated.
7:42 a. m.
The President to the Oval Office.
7:45 a.m.
General Scowcroft to the Oval Office.
8:08 a.m.
General Scowcroft out.
9:53 a.m.
Press briefing and statement.
&
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TUESDAY, MAY 13, 1975 (cont. )
10:22 a.m.
The President to the Cabinet Room for NSC Meeting.
Out of that the President orders that the boats
between the island and the mainland as well as
between the ship and the mainland be intercepted
with minimal force.
11:17 a. m.
The President returns to the Oval Office.
12:15 p.m.
Press briefing and statement.
12:46 p.m.
PHONE CALL: Outgoing to Secretary Kissinger in
Kansas City, Missouri.
12:58 p.m.
PHONE CALL terminated.
1:26 p.m.
PHONE CALL: Incoming from Secretary Schlesinger.
1:34 p.m.
PHONE CALL terminated.
1:53 p.m.
General Scowcroft to the Oval Office.
2:00 p.m.
General Scowcroft out.
6:11 p.m.
PHONE CALL with Secretary Schlesinger.
6:14 p.m.
PHONE CALL terminated.
7:08 p.m.
The President to the Residence.
8:10 p.m.
PHONE CALL: Incoming from General Scowcroft.
8:12 p.m.
PHONE CALL terminated.
Approx. 8:30 p.m.
Sinking of Cambodian patrol craft.
9:41 p.m.
PHONE CALL: Incoming from General Scowcroft.
9:51 p.m.
PHONE CALL terminated.
9:59 p.m.
The President returned to the Oval Office.
RALD A. FORD
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TUESDAY, MAY 13, 1975 (cont. )
10:30 p.m.
NSC Meeting. Out of this the President orders
the military forces that might be used to be placed
on a one hour alert.
WEDNESDAY, MAY 14, 1975
12:25 a.m.
The President to the Oval Office.
12:35 a. m.
The President in the Residence.
7:40 a. m.
The President to the Oval Office.
7:44 a. m.
General Scowcroft to the Oval Office.
8:05 a. m.
The above out.
9:35 a. m.
Secretary Kissinger to the Oval Office.
9:40 a.m.
General Scowcroft to the Oval Office.
10:15 a. m.
The above out.
10:33 a. m.
Secretary Kissinger to the Oval Office
10:37 a.m.
Secretary Kissinger out.
11:50 a. m.
Press briefing and statement.
12:13 p.m.
Secretary Kissinger to the Oval Office.
12:19 p.m.
Secretary Kissinger out.
3:52 p.m.
The President to the Cabinet Room for NSC Meeting.
4:45 p.m.
Orders are issued, emanating from an NSC meeting,
to begin the military operations for the recovery
of the SS Mayaguez and crew.
&
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WEDNESDAY, MAY 14, 1975 (cont.)
5:14 p.m. to
U.S. assault forces take off from stations.
5:20 p.m.
5:42 p.m.
The President to the Oval Office.
5:45 p.m.
JCS orders to the Pacific Command.
6:03 p.m.
Instruction issued by CINCPAC Headquarters
for supporting strikes on selected targets near
Kom Pong Som.
6:09 p.m.
Secretary Kissinger to the Oval Office.
6:11 p.m.
Secretary Kissinger out.
6:40 p.m.
The President to the Cabinet Room for Bipartisan
Leadership Meeting.
6:58 p.m. to
Marine assault force arrives at USS Holt and is
7:22 p.m.
taken on board.
7:07 p.m. to
Phnom Penh domestic radio service carries a
7:26 p.m.
broadcast in Cambodian that states that the Cambodian
Government will order the Mayaguez to withdraw
from Cambodian territorial waters. No mention
of release of crew.
7:09 p.m.
Assault force arrives at Koh Tang Island and
receives fire.
7:20 p.m.
First Helo approaches Koh Tang Island.
7:47 p.m.
The President to the Oval Office.
7:47 p.m.
General Scowcroft and Senator Stennis to the
Oval Office.
7:49 p.m.
The above out.
7:49 p.m.
The President to the residence.
FORD is LIBRA 10
- 6 -
WEDNESDAY, MAY 14, 1975 (cont. )
8:06 p.m.
The Cambodian broadcast, monitored by the
Foreign Broadcast Information Service and
translated into English, was carried on the FBIS wire.
8:15 p.m.
The FBIS wire report is delivered to Secretary
Kissinger, who immediately informs the President.
8:20 p.m.
USS Holt came alongside SS Mayaguez.
8:23 p.m.
The President to the Red Room.
8:29 p.m
PHONE CALL: Incoming from Secretary Kissinger.
8:30 p.m. to
Marines from the USS Holt board and take control
9:05 p.m.
of the SS Mayaguez. They find evidence that the
vessel had been occupied until just before their
arrival.
8:30 p.m.
Press briefing and statement.
8:37 p.m.
PHONE CALL with Secretary Kissinger terminates.
8:41 p.m.
The President to the State Dining Room.
8:45 p.m.
Support aircraft begin passes over targets
at military installations near Kom Pong Som.
8:50 p.m.
PHONE CALL: Incoming from Secretary Kissinger.
8:52 p.m.
PHONE CALL terminated.
8:55 p.m.
PHONE CALL with Senator Mansfield.
RALD R. FORD
8:57 p.m.
PHONE CALL terminated.
8:57 p.m.
PHONE CALL: Incoming from Secretary Kissinger.
9:01 p.m.
PHONE CALL terminated.
9:15 p.m.
Statement by Ron Nessen and Message to Cambodian
Authorities regarding SS Mayaguez.
9:30 p.m.
After thorough search of the ship, Marines raised
American flag over Mayaguez.
- 7 -
WEDNESDAY, MAY 14, 1975 (cont. )
10:10 p.m.
The President to the Red Room.
10:23 p.m.
A boat was reported near Koh Tang Island flying
a white flag.
10:45 p.m.
USS Wilson observed small boat approaching.
10:57 p.m.
Aircraft from USS Coral Sea struck Ream Airfield.
11:00 p.m.
The President to the Oval Office.
11:03 p.m.
Secretary Kissinger to the Oval Office.
11:05 p.m.
General Scowcroft and Mr. McFarland to the
Oval Office.
11:06 p.m.
Mr. Rumsfeld to the Oval Office.
11:07 p.m.
The USS Wilson takes aboard the occupants of
that boat. The occupants were determined to be
the entire crew of the SS Mayaguez.
11:08 p.m.
PHONE CALL: Incoming from Secretary Schlesinger.
11:10 p.m.
PHONE CALL terminated.
11:11 p.m.
PHONE CALL: Incoming from the Vice President.
11:13 p.m.
PHONE CALL terminated.
11:13 p.m.
USS Wilson reports entire Mayaguez crew on
small boat.
11:15 p.m.
PHONE CALL: Incoming from Secretary Schlesinger.
11:16 p.m.
The order was given to cease all offensive operation
and begin to withdraw. The Commander of the for ces
on the island requests additional ground forces to
provide security for a successful withdrawal.
A.
FORD
BALD
217
- 8 -
WEDNESDAY, MAY 14, 1975 (cont. )
11:18 p.m.
PHONE CALL with Secretary Schlesinger terminated.
11:27 p.m.
General Scowcroft out.
11:29 p.m.
All out.
11:30 p.m.
The President to the Residence to change clothes
for statement to the Press.
11:44 p.m.
The President to the Oval Office.
11:44 p.m.
PHONE CALL: Outgoing to Secretary Schlesinger.
11:56 p.m.
PHONE CALL terminated.
11:46 p.m.
Messrs. Rumsfeld and Nessen to the Oval Office.
11:49 p.m.
Secretary Kissinger and General Scowcroft to the
Oval Office.
11:50 p.m.
Mr. Marsh to the Oval Office.
11:50 p.m.
Second strike from Coral Sea hit POL tanks in Kom
Pong Som area near port facilities.
11:51 p.m.
Mr. Hartmann to the Oval Office.
THURSDAY, MAY 15, 1975
12:14 a. m.
PHONE CALL: Outgoing to Congressman Rhodes, talked.
12:14 a.m.
General Scowcroft out.
12:15 a.m.
Mr. Marsh out.
RALD 717 R. FORD
12:18 a. m.
General Scowcroft to the Oval Office.
12:20 a.m.
Mr. Marsh to the Oval Office.
12:20 a.m.
PHONE CALL: Outgoing to Senator Scott, talked.
12:23 a.m.
PHD NE CALL: Outgoing to Senator Case, no answer,
did not talk.
- 9 -
THURSDAY, MAY 15, 1975 (cont.)
12:25 a.m.
The Mayaguez crew is returned to its vessel.
12:27 a. m.
Statement by President on SS Mayaguez.
12:30 a. m.
President in the West Wing Press Room for
statement.
12:31 a. m.
The President to the Oval Office.
12:33 a. m.
The President to the Residence.
12:35 a.m.
PHONE CALL: Incoming from Secretary Schlesinger,
talked.
12:45 a.m.
News Conference by Ron Nessen on Mayaguez.
3:30 a. m.
Secretary of Defense Schlesinger issue S statement
and briefed the press.
4:40 a. m.
SS Mayaguez underway under her own power.
7:13 a. m.
Helo rescured 25 Marines and L Aircrew from beach.
7:45 a. m.
The President to the Oval Office
7:45 a. m.
General Scowcroft to the Oval Office.
8:11 a.m.
General Scowcroft out.
9:10 a.m.
Last Helo off Koh Tang to the Coral Sea.
9:50 a.m.
Secretary Kissinger to the Oval Office.
10:20 a. m.
The above out.
11:58 a.m.
Press briefing and statement.
FORD IN LIBRAR
#
#
#
7511043 [5/30/75]
MEMORANDUM FOR LIEUTENANT GENERAL BRENT SCOWCROFT
THE WHITE HOUSE
Subject: Chronology on the Mayaguez
Incident
The offices of Senator Nelson and Congressman
Zablocki have requested that the State Department
provide them a chronology of the Mayaguez incident.
Attached is a chronology of State Department ac-
tions. We understand that it will be used to pre-
pare an integrated report with contributions by
other agencies to furnish to the Congress.
George S. Springsteen
Executive Secretary
Attachment:
Chronology
Drafted:EA/LC:JBroh-Kahn:dtm
x23133:5/30/75
Clearances: EA - Mr. Zurhellen
L - Mr. Leigh
H - Mr. Goldberg
ALD 717 TI. FORD
D - Mr. Duemling
S - Mr. Egan
P - Mr. Martinez
S/S - Mr. Ealum
FOR RELEASE TO CONGRESS
CHRONOLOGY
State Department Participation in the Mayaguez Affair
Monday, May 12
0515
Department informed of seizure of ship.
0600-
Senior officers of the Depart ent were alerted
0800
and the matter was discussed at the Secretary's
staff meeting.
1300
Following a National Security Council meeting,
attended by the Deputy Secretary, the Depart-
ment requested that the Chief of the People's
Republic of China Liaison Office call on the
Deputy Secretary.
1431
The Secretary departed for St. Louis.
1630
The PRCLO Chief refused to accept a message
from the Acting Secretary to pass to the Cam-
bodian authorities demanding the return of the
Mayaguez and its crew.
1800
Senior legal officers in the Department, White
House and Defense Department discussed possible
need for report by President under War Powers
Resolution.
2000
The Department sent a message to our Liaison
Office in Peking reporting the refusal of the
PRCLO to accept a message here and instructing
our Liaison Office to deliver a message to the
Cambodian Embassy and Chinese Ministry of For-
eign Affairs. The message requested that they
pass a message to the authorities in Phnom Penh
demanding the return of the Mayaguez and its
crew.
Tuesday, May 13
0100
The USLO in Peking reported that the messages
had been delivered.
0930
During the Kennedy Subcommittee hearing on
LBH. FORD LIT
- 2 -
Vietnamese refugees, when Senator Kennedy ex-
pressed the hope that appropriate committees
of Congress would be informed about diplomatic
efforts on the Mayaguez, a Department official
responded that he was sure that this could be
done.
1200
Instructions were given in the Department to
prepare messages to the US Mission at the UN
to instruct it to deliver letters to the UN
Secretary General and Security Council.
(See
below under May 14 1230 and 2215.)
1300
The Department informed the Minister of the
Japanese Embassy, Washington, that the US was
moving one battalion of marines from Okinawa
to an undisclosed destination.
Wednesday, May 14
0330
The Embassy in Tokyo requested the Department
to confirm, if asked, the statement that the
Japanese government planned to make that our
actions connected with the Mayaguez operation
did not violate understandings with the Japan-
ese.
0715
The Liaison Office in Peking reported that the
PRC had stated that it was not in a position
to pass our message to the Cambodian authori-
ties and was therefore returning it.
0845
The Embassy in Bangkok reported the text of
a Thai aide memoire objecting to any US ac-
tion which would involve Thailand in the Maya-
guez incident.
1015
The Embassy in Bangkok reported that the Charge
notified the Thai Prime Minister of the arrival
of marines in Thailand. He was told that they
must leave immediately.
1230
The Department telephoned the US Mission at
the UN, instructing it to deliver a letter to
the Secretary General requesting his assistance
to obtain the release of the Mayaguez through
&
FORD
RATOR
RALD
3
diplomatic channels and reserving the right of
self-defense in accordance with Article 51 of
the UN Charter.
1300
The Department sent a message instructing the
Mission at the UN along the above lines.
1300
The letter was delivered to the Secretary
General.
1400
The Mission to the UN informed the Department
that the Secretary General promised to contact
the Cambodian authorities.
1500-
Department officials briefed members of the
1700
House International Relations Committee,
Senate Foreign Relations Committee and House
Armed Services Committee.
1800
Following an NSC meeting, instructions were
given in the Department that, as soon as the
Defense Department reported that military ac-
tion had begun to obtain the release of the
Mayaguez and its crew, the Department should
take the following actions:
1. Send a message to all diplomatic posts to
inform other governments of the US decision to
take military action to secure the release of
the Mayaguez and its crew;
2. Have senior officials inform key embassies
in Washington of this action.
1930
After being informed by the Defense Department
of the beginning of the operation, senior of-
ficials in the Department began calling key
embassies.
2000
The US Mission at the UN reported the Secre-
tary General's written reply to the letter from
the US Mission. Earlier, at 1900, the Secre-
tary General's spokesman at the UN told the
press that he was making all possible efforts
to achieve a solution to the problem by peace-
ful means. For this purpose, he had communicated
FORD
- 4 -
with the US and Cambodian governments, offered
them his good offices, and appealed to them to
refrain from further acts of force to facili-
tate a peaceful settlement.
2004
The Department was notified of a Phnom Penh
broadcast announcing the decision to release
the Mayaguez and senior officials were immed-
iately informed.
2215
The Department instructed the US Mission to
deliver a message to the President of the UN
Security Council on US actions to secure the
release of the Mayaguez and its crew under
Article 51 of the UN Charter.
2250
The Liaison Office in Peking reported that the
message to the Cambodian embassy had been re-
turned.
2330
The US Mission to the UN reported that the Se-
curity Council had authorized distribution of
the letter from the US Mission.
Thursday, May 15
0030
The Department instructed all posts to inform
host governments of the circumstances surround-
ing the President's decisions with regard to
the seizure of the Mayaguez.
0300
A message was sent to our Embassy in Bangkok
informing it that we were using Thai bases for
the Mayaguez operation and instructing the
Embassy to tell the Thai that we would remove
the marines from Thailand when the operation
was completed.
R. FORD 1181
January 14, 1976
MEMORANDUM FOR: BILL SEIDMAN
FROM:
JACK MARSH
SUBJECT:
Mayagues Log
The President would very much like to have the log described
in the attached. He would like for you to follow-up, and if you
could obtain the log and present it to him, he would be very
grateful.
Many thanks.
JOM/dl
RALD ? 717 FORD
RJR
JAN 12 1976
R.J. Reynolds Industries, Inc.
Winston-Salem, N. C. 27102
J. Paul Sticht
President
December 22, 1975
Honorable William Seidman
Assistant to The President
for Economic Affairs
The White House
Washington, D. C.
Dear Bill:
Rather than try to reach you on the telephone this
busy season I thought this note would take care of
the two questions that I had to raise.
At the time we gave the President the Mayaguez wheel,
some mention was made about his receiving copies of
Captain Miller's entries in the Mayaguez log, as well
as charts, etc. We have been able to get copies made
(Captain Miller made them himself) and I was wondering
what the President's wishes might be about them --
would he still be interested in receiving copies, and
what procedure should we take if he does?
The second question has to do with contributions to
the President's reelection campaign. Now that Dave
Packard has been replaced, what group in Washington,
if any, is the most appropriate to receive voluntary
contributions, or should we look to a North Carolina
organization?
I will be guided by your suggestions in these matters.
All the best for the holidays.
Sincerely,
R. FORD LICENSE
JPS-1v
Pail