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5/14/75 - Mayaguez Seizure (2)
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7552137
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5/14/75 - Mayaguez Seizure (2)
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John O. Marsh Files (Ford Administration)
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The original documents are located in Box 122, folder "5/14/75 - Mayaguez Seizure (2)" of the John Marsh Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Copyright Notice The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald R. Ford donated to the United States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Digitized from Box 122 of The John Marsh Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library [5/13/75] SECRET SENSITIVE TALKING POINTS FOR CONGRESSIONAL NOTIFICATION I am calling to inform you on a classified basis, of certain developments with regard to the seizure of an American merchant vessel by Cambodian naval vessels off the coast of Cambodia yesterday. The United States has demanded the immediate release of the ship and its crew. There has been no Cambodian response to this demand. As a precautionary measure, the President has ordered the U. S. military forces to take certain actions: -- to prevent the American seamen from being transferred from the vessel or the nearby island to the Cambodian mainland, placing their lives in jeopardy and restricting our ability to rescue them. -- to prevent reinforcement from the Mainland of the Cambodian forces detaining the American vessel and crew. With these objectives in mind, the President has directed that U. S. aircraft should attempt to stop the movement of Cambodian boats between the ship or the island and the Cambodian mainland, and to prevent movement of the ship itself. Our military commanders have been directed to use the minimum force required to achieve these objectives. FYI - You may draw on, but not go beyond, the attached fact sheet in answering questions on this subject. DECLASSIFIED Authority Open in Buchen (W.H.Guidelines) FORD A. RALD LIBRARY GE By KBH NLF Date 1/29/98 Status of the U. S. Merchant Ship Seized by Cambodians The S. S. Mayaguez, seized by Cambodian Communist forces, May 12, is now about 20 miles outside the port of Kompong Som, just north of Koh Tang Island. The ship is dead in the water, and there is reason to believe that most or all of its crew has been transferred to the island. The ship is being kept under surveillance by U. S. reconnaissance aircraft. As a precautionary measure, several U. S. Navy combat vessels have been ordered to proceed to the general area of Koh Tang Island. The U. S. has requested that Phnom Penh authorities have the ship released immediately. We have, so far, received no reply. An NSC meeting was convened this morning. RALD GE R. FORD NERANT CONGRESSIONAL CONTACTS OF May 13, 1975 MEMBER TIME LOCATION COMMENTS Price, Mel 5:50 pm Home in DC "Fine thanks you. IT (Bennett) McFall, John 11:00 pm Home in DC "President should keez (Bennett) going. He's doing the right thing. Fine, than 1: you. Cederberg, Al 5:55 pm Office "Can't allow it to happe (Bennett) we must do what it take. to get the ship back - FORD A LIBRARY RALD otherwise we may as wel GE GERALD put the Navy in Mothbal Thank you. If O'Neill, Tip 6:14 pm Office "Where's the ship. Where (Leppert) is the crew/ Do we have ships there? Those bastards, we can't let them get away with this They 11 harrass us for ever." Morgan, Doc 6:08 pm Wayne Hays party on Hill "No, that's exactly what (Leppert) Isthink he should have done." Michel, Bob 5:59 pm Office "That's fine, do we know (Leppert) where the crew is? That is the least we can do. I'm for doing more. We can't let these birds horse us around." Broomfield, Bill 5:55pm Office "Good, good. I'm all (Loen) for it. Thanks for the report. " Rhodes , John 5:50 pm Rep. Bob "Are the marines being Wilson's sent in? Thanks for Office the report." (Loen) Mahon, George 6:05 pm Office "Good. I think he shoul (Loen) do that. I appreciate this report very much." Speaker albert 5:47p.m. (capital) mike Reid "What dip lomatic channils am (Friedardof) you gaing Statements by Chairman Olin Teague: May 13, 1975 "A nation with power that does not have sufficient intelligence to use it does not have power. President Ford has said that he is taking immediate steps to obtain release of the U.S. merchant ship seized by the Cambodians. I hope he succeeds; however, if diplomatic efforts fail to return the ship and its crew within the next few days, I believe our military should take immediate steps to retaliate because we need to show the world that the United States is not a paper tiger to be humiliated at the whim of an irrational foreign government." May 14, 1975 When the Cambodians captured the U.S. merchant ship I said that we should try to get the ship and the men back through diplomatic means if possible, and if not, we should retaliate militarily. Now that our planes have been fired upon and the President has responded by sinking the Cambodian vessels, I must say that I support the President's actions 100%. The President has full authority to proceed as he has and I am pleased that he has taken the initiative and used his legal authority. We must not allow the piracy of our ships by any nation. The President has used his power intelligently and effectively." These statements were dictated by the Chairman's secretary, after which, the Chairman personally said that he is convinced that the President is "playing with his helmut on." FORD & RALD THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON May 14, 1975 MEMORANDUM FOR: MAX L. FRIEDERSDORF FORD a RALD LIBRARY BE FROM: WILLIAM T. KENDALL SUBJECT: Notification of action regarding S.S. Mayaquez SENATOR TIME PLACE STAFF COMMENT Mansfield 5:55 Office WK O.K., thanks for calling. Case 6:00 Office WK Pleased to have informa- tion. Asked if crew mem- bers were on ship or island. Appreciated call. Byrd 6:10 Home WK for Good initial steps. Thinks (W. Va.) POD President should give them deadline and then go in and get them. Scott (Pa.) 6:15 Home WK That's good. Keep me informed. Young 6:30 Home WK Good. Are we sure crew is on either island or ship? Stennis 6:35 Press WK Senator approves of steps. Club Will back President all the way. Griffin 6:05 Office POD Thank you. What are Chinese doing? Keep me informed. SENATOR TIME PLACE STAFF COMMENT Thurmond 6:08 Office POD They are testing us. President must be firm. Public will back him 100%. Sparkman 6:30 Home POD Thank you. Sure is a sticky situation. I hear the boat is now moving. McClellan 7:20 Home POD I support the President's actions. We must be tough with these people and resort to bombing if necessary. Eastland 8:20 Office WK for The American people POD would support action. The quicker the better. "Blow the Hell out of them. 11 RALD 'GIT A. FORD [5/14/75] SECRET/SENSITIVE DISCUSSION PAPER As a follow-up to our telephone call to you last night concerning the seizure of an American vessel in the Gulf of Thailand, I want to provide you in advance and on a private basis the following information which will be announced by the Department of Defense shortly after noon today. Beginning at 8:30 p.m. EDT yesterday, there were indications that the Cambodians appeared to be attempting to move U. S. captive crewmen from the ship to the mainland. After giving warning and taking precautions to avoid injury to Americans, U.S. aircraft began efforts to block this movement. Three Cambodian patrol craft were destroyed and four others were damaged and immobilized. One boat succeeded in reaching Kompong Som, possibly with some U.S. captives aboard. The MAYAGUEZ is still anchored off Koh Tang Island. The first U.S. Navy surface vessel, the destroyer escort HOLT, arrived in the area this morning. In the meantime, a Swedish refrigerator cargo ship, the MS HIRADO, was reportedly attacked by a patrol boat off Panjang Island, which is also claimed by Cambodia. Radio contact has been lost and the fate of this ship is unknown. The NSC held a second meeting yesterday at 10: 30 p.m. EDT and will meet again today. We will keep you informed. FORD is LIBRA DECLASSIFIED GE Authority Open in Friedersdorf files( unmarked) By KBH NLF Date 1/29/98 ***A107 B LQTCZZCEBSA WX FURGENT TUES CAMBODIAN 035 LEAD +BY KENNETH J. FREED ASSOCIATED PRESS WRITER WASHINGTON (AP) - SENATE REPUBLICAN LEADER HUGH SCOT SAIDSTODAY EXPECT ECTING THE SEIZED MERCHANT SHIP MAYAGUEZ WITHIN: THE NEXT 24 HOURS OF "MININUM NECESSAR MEASURES'' TO 39 MAN CREW. SPEAKING TO REPORTERS: SCOTT DEFINED THOSE MEASURES AS THE ''MINIMUM FORCE NECESSARY, SHOULD FORCE BE NECESSARY. " HE DID NOT ELABORATE. "THE PRIMARY CONCERN IS THE RECOVERY OF THE CREW SCOTT SAID, ADDING THAT "HE MAY REACH A SITUATION WHICH MAY REQUIRE THE USE OF MINIMUM NECESSARY MEASURES TO BRING THAT ABOUT. " "I HOULD EXPECT THAT WITHIN THE NEXT 24 HOURS THERE HOULD BE SOME DEVELOPMENTS AFFECTING THE VESSEL!" HE SAID, SCOTT'S STATEMENTS CAME AS THE FORD ADMINISTRATION HAD LITTLE EXPECTATION OF A DIPLOMATIC END TO THE CAMBODIAN SHIP CRISIS, HOPING INSTEAD FOR A COMMUNIST CAVE-IN TO THE IMPLIED THREAT OF U.S. MILITARY ACTION. *PRESIDENT: 2ND GRAF A035 Po1015aeo MAY 14 GE GERALD RALD LIBRARY A. FORD 7 REQUEST/RECEIPT FOR LDX TRANSMISSION 138 ADDRESSEE: PLSE ENTER STATION, TOR, V.CC STATION SERIAL NUMBER OPERATORS SIGNATURE AND RETURN TO NMCC: TIME PROCESSED AT NMCC FROM: 14 NAY 75 1355 TOR: 75 THE 14 PA 2:07 NAME: a TO BE FILLED IN BY REQUESTER FROM: Cal Finkelstein OFFICE/DESK: OCJCS PHONE NR: 71309 TO: X WHITE HOUSE mr Counsel to the Resident Philip Buchen DIA (PENT) X your MONTON Leig h STATE DEPT DIA (ARL HALL) CIA Rm 64 632-9598 25 DNA NSA NPIC (NAYY YARD) ANMCC SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS acts — CLASSIFICATION PAGES 2 P. FORD LIE. RALD Dear Mr. Speaker: On 12 May 1974, I was advised that the SS Mayaquez, a merchant vessel of United States registry with a US citizen crew, was fired upon, stopped, boarded, and seized by the Armed Forces of Cambodia in international waters in the vicinity of Poulo Wai Island. The seized vessel was then forced to proceed to Koh Tang Island where it remains at anchor. This hostile act was in clear violation of international law. In view of this illegal and dangerous act, I order United States military forces to conduct the necessary reconnaissance and to be ready to respond if diplomatic efforts to acquire the return of the vessel failed. A Panamanian ship, the had been detained by the Cambodians on but had been released on Appropriate demands for the return of the Mayaquez were made, both publicly and privately. No response has been received except that United States reconnaissance aircraft seeking to loacte the Mayaquez were fired upon, and two such aircraft were hit by small arms fire. In accordance with my desire that the Congress be fully informed on this matter and taking note of Section 4(a) (1) of the War Powers Resolution, I wish to report to you that in order to stablize the situation and to preclude removal of the American crew of the Mayaquez to the mainland, I directed that the United States Armed Forces isolate the island and interdict any movement between the island and the mainland. Notwithstanding visual warnings and warning shots, at 8:30 PM EDT on May 13, A FORD -2- a Cambodian patrol boat attempted to leave the island, was taken under fire by US aircraft and was sunk. Subsequently, a few other small craft which also ignored the warnings were destroyed of immobilized. A total of three Cambodian patrol craft have been destroyed and four others were damaged and immobilized. One boat succeeded in reaching Kompong Som, possibly with some U.S. captives aboard, after efforts to turn it around without injury to the passengers failed. Although I hope that the ship and its crew will be returned without further use of the Armed Forces of the United States, it may be necessary to take further action to achieve that objective. The destroyer escort HOLT with a small complement of marines arrived in the area at 12 noon EDT today; marines augmentation forces will be put aboard later this afternoon; the carrier CORAL SEA and a task force including marines and helicopters will arrive in the area early tomorrow morning. It is not possible to advise you at this time as to when US involvement in this situation will terminate. This operation was ordered and conducted pursuant to the President't Executive Power and his Constitutional authority as Commander-in-Chief of the United States Armed Forces. OF A. FORD LIBE FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE MAY 14, 1975 Office of the White House Press Secretary THE WHITE HOUSE TEXT OF A MESSAGE TO THE CAMBODIAN AUTHORITIES FROM THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT We have heard radio broadcast that you are prepared to release the S. S. Mayaguez. We welcome this development, if true. As you know, we have seized the ship. As soon as you issue a statement that you are prepared to release the crew members you hold unconditionally and immediately, we will promptly cease military operations. ### RALD LIB A. FORD A FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE MAY 14, 1975 Office of the White House Press Secretary THE WHITE HOUSE STATEMENT BY THE PRESS SECRETARY In further pursuit of our efforts to obtain the release of the SS MAYAGUEZ and its crew, the President has directed the follow- ing military measures, starting this evening Washington time: -- U.S. Marines to board the SS MAYAGUEZ. -- U.S. Marines to land on Koh Tang Island, in order to rescue any crew members as may be on the Island. -- Aircraft from the carrier "Coral Sea" to undertake associated military operations in the area in order to protect and support the operations to regain the vessel and members of the crew. # # # FORD is RALD in TOP SECRET THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON May 14, 1975 MEMORANDUM FOR: JACK MARSH FROM: PHILIP BUCHEN T.W.B. SUBJECT: The Mayaguez Situation in Connection with the War Powers Resolution Following are the critical times as reported to me by Marty Hoffman: Monday, May 12 at 9:16 p.m. edt A Navy P-3 aircraft used for reconnaissance was shot at by rifle fire from the deck of the Mayaguez. Tuesday, May 13 at 6:15 a.m. edt Combat aircraft began action to interdict vessels leaving the Island of Koh Tang. Tuesday, May 13 at 8:30 p.m. edt The first of the Cambodian vessels was sunk. Under the War Powers Resolution, the President is required to make his submission within 48 hours of the time when U. S. Armed Forces are introduced either: (1) into hostilities or into situations were imminent involvement in hostilities is clearly indicated by the circumstances, or (2) into the air space of a foreign nation while equipped for combat. HORE ROO F. FORD DECLASSIFIED Authority MR 89-15,#4 (Buchen) TOP SECRET By KBH NLF Dria 1/29/98 TOP SECRET - 2 - In this case, it could be argued that the reconnaissance plane was introduced into a situation of imminent hostility when it got close enough to the ship at 9:16 p.m., Monday, to be the target for rifle power. Even if this event did not start the running of the 48 hour period, it would certainly have started about 6:15 a.m. on Tuesday when air- craft equipped for combat was undoubtedly entering the air space of the Cambodian Island and over the Cambodian territorial waters. Marty Hoffman concurs in having the report filed before the close of business today based on what information is available at the time of the drafting. He is preparing a draft to submit to us about noon today. The report should, of course, include the events of last night in and around the Island of Koh Tang, but it also must include "the estimated scope and duration of the hostilities or involvement." This requirement immediately raises the issue as to whether the decision contemplated by the President to involve B-52's from Guam in bombing of Cambodian mainland should be dis- closed when the "estimated scope" is reported on. Marty tells me that the flight line at the air-field in Guam has been closed to the public but is easily viewable from a nearby hotel. This situation will likely bring press speculation sometime soon, if it has not already come out, that use of B-52's is being contemplated, even if the decision hasn't been finally made. Marty also tells me that there has been a radio intercept to the effect that a Swedish ship has been fired upon or seized by the Cambodians. & FORD ALD TOP SECRET THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON May 14, 1975 MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT FROM: MAX L. FRIEDERSDORF SUBJECT: Congressional Consultations on the Mayaguez Situation Attached are logs of calls to the Senate and House of Representatives made in advance of the Department of Defense release of information on the Mayaguez situation us RALD GERALD R. 917 FORD mm CONGRESSIONAL CONTACTS OF May 13, 1975 MEMBER TIME LOCATION COMMENTS Price, Mel 5:50 pm Home in DC "Fine thanks you. " (Bennett) McFall, John 11:00 pm Home in DC "President should keep (Bennett) going. He's doing the right thing. Fine, that 11 you. Cederberg, Al 5:55 pm Office "Can't allow it to happe (Bennett) we must do what it take to get the ship back - otherwise we may as we. put the Navy in Mothbal Thank you. " O'Neill, Tip 6:14 pm Office "Where's the ship. Where (Leppert) is the crew/ Do we have ships there? Those bastards, we can't let them get away with thi: They 11 harrass us for ever. " Morgan, Doc 6:08 pm Wayne Hays party on Hill "No, that's exactly wha (Leppert) Isthink he should have done." Michel, Bob 5:59 pm Office "That's fine, do we kno (Leppert) where the crew is? Tha is the least we can do I'm for doing more. We can't let these birds horse us around." Broomfield, Bill 5:55pm Office "Good, good. I'm all (Loen) for it. Thanks for th report." Rhodes, John 5:50 pm Rep. Bob "Are the marines being Wilson's sent in? Thanks for Office the report." " (Loen) Mahon, George 6:05 pm Office "Good. I think he shou (Loen) do that. I appreciate this report very much. A FORD OF Senator Time Place Staff Comment Stennis 11:55 Office BK We are doing the right thing protecting our men. Situation getting sticky. Case 12:00 For. Rel. BK Fine, boy. Thank you. Committee Sparkman 11:45 For. Rel. PO'D Thanks. I wonder what Committee those Pacifist Swedes are going to do about their vessel. Thurmond 11:50 Office PO'D Thank you. How and why did the one boat get through to the mainland. McClellan 11:50 Office PO'D What's the story on the boat that got through. Eastland 11:50 Office PO'D Thank you. Looks like things are getting serious. Mansfield 11:10 Dem. Policy RW OK. How many boats Mtg. destroyed again? Thank you. Scott 11:15 Rules Comm. RW They won't even let the Swedes alone. This process is continuing. I wish you would keep me advised. Griffin 11:42 Rules Comm. RW Have you talked to Sen. Scott already? Byrd 11:45 Senate RW Said "Good" on being Rules told that 3 Cambodian boats were destroyed. Young 11:55 RW Was concerned about the boat that got back to mainland. Thank you. A FORD 40 LIBRAR 5/14 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES MEMBER TIME WHERE WHO COMMENT The Speaker 11:15 am Capitol Speaker No Comment (Frieders- dorf) Tip O'Neill 11:20 am Capitol O'Neill "This is getting (Frieders- more serious. " dorf) John McFall 11:25 am Capitol McFall "Good, good. (Frieders- Thanks." dorf) John Rhodes 11:30 am Capitol Rhodes "Are there other (Frieders- craft on the way? dorf) What orders is the HOLT under?" Bob Michel 11:32 Capitol Michel No Comment (Frieders- dorf) George Mahon 11:41 am Capitol Mahon "I'm sorry. Thanks (Frieders- for calling.' " dorf) "Doc" Morgan 11:18 am Capitol Morgan No Comment (Leppert) Bill Broomfield 11:25 am Capitol Broomfield "All for what the (Leppert) President is doing and support his strong actions." " Mel Price 11:35 am Capitol Price No Comment (Leppert) Al Cederberg 11:40 am Capitol Cederberg "Keep us informed. (Leppert) What is the U.S. HOLT to do?" Bob Wilson 11:59 am Capitol Wilson "Do we know if any (Leppert) crew of the U.S. ship were aboard the three boats RALD R. FORD sunk?" [ca 5/14/75] THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON Vern Loen called and talked personally to Reps. Rhodes, Bob Wilson, Mahon and Broomfield. All reactions were good, all supported actions as indicated in talking paper read to them. FORD & LIBRARY RALD "> FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE MAY 15, 1975 OFFICE OF THE WHITE HOUSE PRESS SECRETARY THE WHITE HOUSE STATEMENT BY THE PRESIDENT ON THE SS MAYAGUEZ THE BRIEFING ROOM 12:27 A.M. EDT At my direction, the United States forces tonight boarded the American merchant ship SS MAYAGUEZ and landed at the Island of Koh Tang for the purpose of rescuing the crew and the ship, which had been illegally seized by Cambodian forces. They also conducted supporting strikes against nearby military installations. I have now received information that the vessel has been recovered intact and the entire crew has been rescued. The forces that have successfully accomplished this mission are still under hostile fire, but are preparing to disengage. I wish to express my deep appreciation and that of the entire Nation to the units and the men who participate in these operations for their valor and for their sacrifice. END (AT 12:29 A.M. EDT) FORD A LIBRARY OERALD RALD THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON May 15, 1975 MEMORANDUM FOR: MAX FRIEDERSDORF THRU: VERN LOEN VL FROM: CHARLES LEPPERT, JR. Cay SUBJECT: S.S. Mayaguez Incident - Report to Congress War Powers Resolution The report to the Congress on the S.S. Mayaguez incident were delivered on May 15, 1975 to the following Members of the U.S. House of Representatives. Member Recipient Time Place Speaker Albert (VL) left under door 2:04 a. m. Capitol Office 11 " (CL) Mike Reed 2:20 a.m. Reed's home Rep. O'Neill (CL) Rep. O'Neill 11:09 a. m. Capitol office Rep. McFall (CL) Rita Herald 11:12 a. m. Capitol office Rep. Rhodes (CL) Lee Prouty 11:15 a. m. Capitol office Rep. Michel (CL) Ralph Vinovich 9:58 a. m. Office Rep. Mahon (DB) Pers. secy 11:43 a. m. Office Rep. Price (DB) Pers. secy 11:40 a.m. Office Rep. Morgan (CL) Connie Yesh 10:59 a.m. Office Rep. Wilson(Bob) (DB) Pers. secy 11:42 a.m. Office Rep. Broomfield (CL) Rep. Broomfield 10:55 a.m. Rayburn HOB Rep. Cederberg (DB) Pers. secy 11:44 a.m. Office RALD A. FORD THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON May 15, 1975 Dear Mr. President: On 12 May 1975, I was advised that the SS Mayaguez, a merchant vessel of United States registry enroute from Hong Kong to Thailand with a U. S. citizen crew, was fired upon, stopped, boarded, and seized by Cambodian naval patrol boats of the Armed Forces of Cambodia in international waters in the vicinity of Poulo Wai Island. The seized vessel was then forced to proceed to Koh Tang Island where it was required to anchor. This hostile act was in clear violation of international law. In view of this illegal and dangerous act, I ordered, as you have been previously advised, United States military forces to conduct the necessary reconnaissance and to be ready to respond if diplomatic efforts to secure the return of the vessel and its personnel were not success- ful. Two United States reconnaissance aircraft in the course of locating the Mayaguez sustained minimal damage from small firearms. Appropriate demands for the return of the Mayaguez and its crew were made, both publicly and privately, without success. In accordance with my desire that the Congress be informed on this matter and taking note of Section 4 (a) (1) of the War Powers Resolution, I wish to report to you that at about 6:20 A.M., 13 May, pursuant to my instructions to prevent the movement of the Mayaguez into a mainland port, U. S. aircraft fired warning shots across the bow of the ship and gave visual signals to small craft approaching the ship. Subsequently, in order to stabilize the situation and in an attempt to preclude removal of the American crew of the Mayaguez to the mainland, where their rescue would be more difficult, I directed the United States Armed Forces to isolate the island and interdict any movement between the ship or the island and the main- land, and to prevent movement of the ship itself, while still taking all possible care to prevent loss of injury to the U. $ captives. During the evening O 13 May, a Cambodian patrol boat attempting to leave the LIBRARY BRAR 30 - 2 - island disregarded aircraft warnings and was sunk. There- after, two other Cambodian patrol craft were destroyed and four others were damaged and immobilized. One boat, suspected of having some U. S. captives aboard, succeeded in reaching Kompong Som after efforts to turn it around without injury to the passengers failed. Our continued objective in this operation was the rescue of the captured American crew along with the retaking of the ship Mayaguez. For that purpose, I ordered late this afternoon an assault by United States Marines on the island of Koh Tang to search out and rescue such Americans as might still be held there, and I ordered retaking of the Mayaguez by other marines boarding from the destroyer escort HOLT. In addition to continued fighter and gunship coverage of the Koh Tang area, these marine activities were supported by tactical aircraft from the CORAL SEA, striking the military airfield at Ream and other military targets in the area of Kompong Som in order to prevent reinforcement or support from the mainland of the Cambodian forces detaining the American vessel and crew. At approximately 9:00 P.M. EDT on 14 May, the Mayaguez was retaken by United States forces. At approximately 11:30 P.M., the entire crew of the Mayaguez was taken aboard the WILSON. U. S. forces have begun the process of disengage- ment and withdrawal. This operation was ordered and conducted pursuant to the President's constitutional Executive power and his authority as Commander-in-Chief of the United States Armed Forces. Sincerely, Geod R. For The Honorable James O. Eastland President Pro Tempore of the Senate United States Senate Washington, D. C. 20510 A FORD A LIBRARY GERALD RALD 30 THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON May 15, 1975 Dear Mr. Speaker: On 12 May 1975, I was advised that the SS Mayaguez, a merchant vessel of United States registry enroute from Hong Kong to Thailand with a U. S. citizen crew, was fired upon, stopped, boarded, and seized by Cambodian naval patrol boats of the Armed Forces of Cambodia in international waters in the vicinity of Poulo Wai Island. The seized vessel was then forced to proceed to Koh Tang Island where it was required to anchor. This hostile act was in clear violation of international law. In view of this illegal and dangerous act, I ordered, as you have been previously advised, United States military forces to conduct the necessary reconnaissance and to be ready to respond if diplomatic efforts to secure the return of the vessel and its personnel were not success- ful. Two United States reconnaissance aircraft in the course of locating the Mayaguez sustained minimal damage from small firearms. Appropriate demands for the return of the Mayaguez and its crew were made, both publicly and privately, without success. In accordance with my desire that the Congress be informed on this matter and taking note of Section 4 (a) (1) of the War Powers Resolution, I wish to report to you that at about 6:20 A.M., 13 May, pursuant to my instructions to prevent the movement of the Mayaguez into a mainland port, U. S. aircraft fired warning shots across the bow of the ship and gave visual signals to small craft approaching the ship. Subsequently, in order to stabilize the situation and in an attempt to preclude removal of the American crew of the Mayaguez to the mainland, where their rescue would be more difficult, I directed the United States Armed Eorces to isolate the island and interdict any movement between the ship or the island and the main- land, and to prevent movement of the ship itself, while still taking all possible care to prevent loss of life or injury to the U. captives. During the evening of 13 May, a Cambodian patrol boat attempting to leave the FORD & RALD on - 2 - island disregarded aircraft warnings and was sunk. There- after, two other Cambodian patrol craft were destroyed and four others were damaged and immobilized. One boat, suspected of having some U. S. captives aboard, succeeded in reaching Kompong Som after efforts to turn it around without injury to the passengers failed. Our continued objective in this operation was the rescue of the captured American crew along with the retaking of the ship Mayaguez. For that purpose, I ordered late this afternoon an assault by United States Marines on the island of Koh Tang to search out and rescue such Americans as might still be held there, and I ordered retaking of the Mayaguez by other marines boarding from the destroyer escort HOLT. In addition to continued fighter and gunship coverage of the Koh Tang area, these marine activities were supported by tactical aircraft from the CORAL SEA, striking the military airfield at Ream and other military targets in the area of Kompong Som in order to prevent reinforcement or support from the mainland of the Cambodian forces detaining the American vessel and crew. At approximately 9:00 P.M. EDT on 14 May, the Mayaguez was retaken by United States forces. At approximately 11:30 P.M., the entire crew of the Mayaguez was taken aboard the WILSON. U. S. forces have begun the process of disen- gagement and withdrawal. This operation was ordered and conducted pursuant to the President's constitutional Executive power and his authority as Commander-in-Chief of the United States Armed Forces. Sincerely, Health R. 70ml The Honorable; The Speaker United States House of Representatives Washington, D. C 20515 ALD A. 17 FORD May 16, 1975 Chronology of Events of the Mayaguez Incident MONDAY, MAY 12, 1975 The following events took place in the early morning hours between 3:18 a.m. and 7:40 a. m. (1) Mr. John Neal of theDelta Exploration Col. in Jakarta, Indonesia received a Mayday call from the Mayaguez. Message stated "Have been fired upon and boarded by Cambodian armed forces at 9 degrees 48 minutes north/102 degrees 53 minutes east. Ship is being towed to unknown Cambodian port. " (2) Mr. Neal gave up trying to reach the ship and informed the U.S. Embassy of the incident. (3) U. S. Embassy in Jakarta informed Washington of the incident. (4) General Scowcroft briefed the President. 7:35 a. m. The President to the Oval Office. 7:40 a.m. General Scowcroft to the Oval Office. 8:00 a.m. General Scowcroft out. 9:23 a.m. Secretary Kissinger to the Oval Office. 9:30 a.m. General Scowcroft to the Oval Office. 10:35 a.m. Secretary Kissinger and General Scowcroft out. 12:05 p.m. The President to the Cabinet Room for NSC Meeting. At this NSC meeting, the President asked for more information on forces available, location of the ship and diplomatic initiatives. 1:50 p.m. Press briefing and statement. BALD LIBA R. FORD - 2 - MONDAY, MAY 12, 1975 (cont. ) 7:08 p.m. The President to the Residence. 9:16 p.m. Using reconnaissance aircraft made a positive identification of the ship and observed it being escorted by Cambodian gunboats. The aircraft was fired at and hit, sustaining minor damage. 10:29 p.m. PHONE CALL: Incoming call from General Scowcroft. 10:32 p.m. PHONE CALL terminated. TUESDAY, MAY 13, 1975 2:21 a. m. PHONE CALL: Incoming from General Scowcroft. 2:23 a. m. PHONE CALL terminated. 6:52 a.m. PHONE CALL: Incoming from Secretary Schlesinger. 6:54 a. m. Press briefing and statement. 7:00 a. m. PHONE CALL terminated from Secretary Schlesinger. 7:03 a. m. PHONE CALL: Incoming from Secretary Schlesinger. 7:06 a. m. PHONE CALL terminated. 7:42 a. m. The President to the Oval Office. 7:45 a.m. General Scowcroft to the Oval Office. 8:08 a.m. General Scowcroft out. 9:53 a.m. Press briefing and statement. & FORD RALD - 3 - TUESDAY, MAY 13, 1975 (cont. ) 10:22 a.m. The President to the Cabinet Room for NSC Meeting. Out of that the President orders that the boats between the island and the mainland as well as between the ship and the mainland be intercepted with minimal force. 11:17 a. m. The President returns to the Oval Office. 12:15 p.m. Press briefing and statement. 12:46 p.m. PHONE CALL: Outgoing to Secretary Kissinger in Kansas City, Missouri. 12:58 p.m. PHONE CALL terminated. 1:26 p.m. PHONE CALL: Incoming from Secretary Schlesinger. 1:34 p.m. PHONE CALL terminated. 1:53 p.m. General Scowcroft to the Oval Office. 2:00 p.m. General Scowcroft out. 6:11 p.m. PHONE CALL with Secretary Schlesinger. 6:14 p.m. PHONE CALL terminated. 7:08 p.m. The President to the Residence. 8:10 p.m. PHONE CALL: Incoming from General Scowcroft. 8:12 p.m. PHONE CALL terminated. Approx. 8:30 p.m. Sinking of Cambodian patrol craft. 9:41 p.m. PHONE CALL: Incoming from General Scowcroft. 9:51 p.m. PHONE CALL terminated. 9:59 p.m. The President returned to the Oval Office. RALD A. FORD - 4 - TUESDAY, MAY 13, 1975 (cont. ) 10:30 p.m. NSC Meeting. Out of this the President orders the military forces that might be used to be placed on a one hour alert. WEDNESDAY, MAY 14, 1975 12:25 a.m. The President to the Oval Office. 12:35 a. m. The President in the Residence. 7:40 a. m. The President to the Oval Office. 7:44 a. m. General Scowcroft to the Oval Office. 8:05 a. m. The above out. 9:35 a. m. Secretary Kissinger to the Oval Office. 9:40 a.m. General Scowcroft to the Oval Office. 10:15 a. m. The above out. 10:33 a. m. Secretary Kissinger to the Oval Office 10:37 a.m. Secretary Kissinger out. 11:50 a. m. Press briefing and statement. 12:13 p.m. Secretary Kissinger to the Oval Office. 12:19 p.m. Secretary Kissinger out. 3:52 p.m. The President to the Cabinet Room for NSC Meeting. 4:45 p.m. Orders are issued, emanating from an NSC meeting, to begin the military operations for the recovery of the SS Mayaguez and crew. & FORD GIT - 5 - WEDNESDAY, MAY 14, 1975 (cont.) 5:14 p.m. to U.S. assault forces take off from stations. 5:20 p.m. 5:42 p.m. The President to the Oval Office. 5:45 p.m. JCS orders to the Pacific Command. 6:03 p.m. Instruction issued by CINCPAC Headquarters for supporting strikes on selected targets near Kom Pong Som. 6:09 p.m. Secretary Kissinger to the Oval Office. 6:11 p.m. Secretary Kissinger out. 6:40 p.m. The President to the Cabinet Room for Bipartisan Leadership Meeting. 6:58 p.m. to Marine assault force arrives at USS Holt and is 7:22 p.m. taken on board. 7:07 p.m. to Phnom Penh domestic radio service carries a 7:26 p.m. broadcast in Cambodian that states that the Cambodian Government will order the Mayaguez to withdraw from Cambodian territorial waters. No mention of release of crew. 7:09 p.m. Assault force arrives at Koh Tang Island and receives fire. 7:20 p.m. First Helo approaches Koh Tang Island. 7:47 p.m. The President to the Oval Office. 7:47 p.m. General Scowcroft and Senator Stennis to the Oval Office. 7:49 p.m. The above out. 7:49 p.m. The President to the residence. FORD is LIBRA 10 - 6 - WEDNESDAY, MAY 14, 1975 (cont. ) 8:06 p.m. The Cambodian broadcast, monitored by the Foreign Broadcast Information Service and translated into English, was carried on the FBIS wire. 8:15 p.m. The FBIS wire report is delivered to Secretary Kissinger, who immediately informs the President. 8:20 p.m. USS Holt came alongside SS Mayaguez. 8:23 p.m. The President to the Red Room. 8:29 p.m PHONE CALL: Incoming from Secretary Kissinger. 8:30 p.m. to Marines from the USS Holt board and take control 9:05 p.m. of the SS Mayaguez. They find evidence that the vessel had been occupied until just before their arrival. 8:30 p.m. Press briefing and statement. 8:37 p.m. PHONE CALL with Secretary Kissinger terminates. 8:41 p.m. The President to the State Dining Room. 8:45 p.m. Support aircraft begin passes over targets at military installations near Kom Pong Som. 8:50 p.m. PHONE CALL: Incoming from Secretary Kissinger. 8:52 p.m. PHONE CALL terminated. 8:55 p.m. PHONE CALL with Senator Mansfield. RALD R. FORD 8:57 p.m. PHONE CALL terminated. 8:57 p.m. PHONE CALL: Incoming from Secretary Kissinger. 9:01 p.m. PHONE CALL terminated. 9:15 p.m. Statement by Ron Nessen and Message to Cambodian Authorities regarding SS Mayaguez. 9:30 p.m. After thorough search of the ship, Marines raised American flag over Mayaguez. - 7 - WEDNESDAY, MAY 14, 1975 (cont. ) 10:10 p.m. The President to the Red Room. 10:23 p.m. A boat was reported near Koh Tang Island flying a white flag. 10:45 p.m. USS Wilson observed small boat approaching. 10:57 p.m. Aircraft from USS Coral Sea struck Ream Airfield. 11:00 p.m. The President to the Oval Office. 11:03 p.m. Secretary Kissinger to the Oval Office. 11:05 p.m. General Scowcroft and Mr. McFarland to the Oval Office. 11:06 p.m. Mr. Rumsfeld to the Oval Office. 11:07 p.m. The USS Wilson takes aboard the occupants of that boat. The occupants were determined to be the entire crew of the SS Mayaguez. 11:08 p.m. PHONE CALL: Incoming from Secretary Schlesinger. 11:10 p.m. PHONE CALL terminated. 11:11 p.m. PHONE CALL: Incoming from the Vice President. 11:13 p.m. PHONE CALL terminated. 11:13 p.m. USS Wilson reports entire Mayaguez crew on small boat. 11:15 p.m. PHONE CALL: Incoming from Secretary Schlesinger. 11:16 p.m. The order was given to cease all offensive operation and begin to withdraw. The Commander of the for ces on the island requests additional ground forces to provide security for a successful withdrawal. A. FORD BALD 217 - 8 - WEDNESDAY, MAY 14, 1975 (cont. ) 11:18 p.m. PHONE CALL with Secretary Schlesinger terminated. 11:27 p.m. General Scowcroft out. 11:29 p.m. All out. 11:30 p.m. The President to the Residence to change clothes for statement to the Press. 11:44 p.m. The President to the Oval Office. 11:44 p.m. PHONE CALL: Outgoing to Secretary Schlesinger. 11:56 p.m. PHONE CALL terminated. 11:46 p.m. Messrs. Rumsfeld and Nessen to the Oval Office. 11:49 p.m. Secretary Kissinger and General Scowcroft to the Oval Office. 11:50 p.m. Mr. Marsh to the Oval Office. 11:50 p.m. Second strike from Coral Sea hit POL tanks in Kom Pong Som area near port facilities. 11:51 p.m. Mr. Hartmann to the Oval Office. THURSDAY, MAY 15, 1975 12:14 a. m. PHONE CALL: Outgoing to Congressman Rhodes, talked. 12:14 a.m. General Scowcroft out. 12:15 a.m. Mr. Marsh out. RALD 717 R. FORD 12:18 a. m. General Scowcroft to the Oval Office. 12:20 a.m. Mr. Marsh to the Oval Office. 12:20 a.m. PHONE CALL: Outgoing to Senator Scott, talked. 12:23 a.m. PHD NE CALL: Outgoing to Senator Case, no answer, did not talk. - 9 - THURSDAY, MAY 15, 1975 (cont.) 12:25 a.m. The Mayaguez crew is returned to its vessel. 12:27 a. m. Statement by President on SS Mayaguez. 12:30 a. m. President in the West Wing Press Room for statement. 12:31 a. m. The President to the Oval Office. 12:33 a. m. The President to the Residence. 12:35 a.m. PHONE CALL: Incoming from Secretary Schlesinger, talked. 12:45 a.m. News Conference by Ron Nessen on Mayaguez. 3:30 a. m. Secretary of Defense Schlesinger issue S statement and briefed the press. 4:40 a. m. SS Mayaguez underway under her own power. 7:13 a. m. Helo rescured 25 Marines and L Aircrew from beach. 7:45 a. m. The President to the Oval Office 7:45 a. m. General Scowcroft to the Oval Office. 8:11 a.m. General Scowcroft out. 9:10 a.m. Last Helo off Koh Tang to the Coral Sea. 9:50 a.m. Secretary Kissinger to the Oval Office. 10:20 a. m. The above out. 11:58 a.m. Press briefing and statement. FORD IN LIBRAR # # # 7511043 [5/30/75] MEMORANDUM FOR LIEUTENANT GENERAL BRENT SCOWCROFT THE WHITE HOUSE Subject: Chronology on the Mayaguez Incident The offices of Senator Nelson and Congressman Zablocki have requested that the State Department provide them a chronology of the Mayaguez incident. Attached is a chronology of State Department ac- tions. We understand that it will be used to pre- pare an integrated report with contributions by other agencies to furnish to the Congress. George S. Springsteen Executive Secretary Attachment: Chronology Drafted:EA/LC:JBroh-Kahn:dtm x23133:5/30/75 Clearances: EA - Mr. Zurhellen L - Mr. Leigh H - Mr. Goldberg ALD 717 TI. FORD D - Mr. Duemling S - Mr. Egan P - Mr. Martinez S/S - Mr. Ealum FOR RELEASE TO CONGRESS CHRONOLOGY State Department Participation in the Mayaguez Affair Monday, May 12 0515 Department informed of seizure of ship. 0600- Senior officers of the Depart ent were alerted 0800 and the matter was discussed at the Secretary's staff meeting. 1300 Following a National Security Council meeting, attended by the Deputy Secretary, the Depart- ment requested that the Chief of the People's Republic of China Liaison Office call on the Deputy Secretary. 1431 The Secretary departed for St. Louis. 1630 The PRCLO Chief refused to accept a message from the Acting Secretary to pass to the Cam- bodian authorities demanding the return of the Mayaguez and its crew. 1800 Senior legal officers in the Department, White House and Defense Department discussed possible need for report by President under War Powers Resolution. 2000 The Department sent a message to our Liaison Office in Peking reporting the refusal of the PRCLO to accept a message here and instructing our Liaison Office to deliver a message to the Cambodian Embassy and Chinese Ministry of For- eign Affairs. The message requested that they pass a message to the authorities in Phnom Penh demanding the return of the Mayaguez and its crew. Tuesday, May 13 0100 The USLO in Peking reported that the messages had been delivered. 0930 During the Kennedy Subcommittee hearing on LBH. FORD LIT - 2 - Vietnamese refugees, when Senator Kennedy ex- pressed the hope that appropriate committees of Congress would be informed about diplomatic efforts on the Mayaguez, a Department official responded that he was sure that this could be done. 1200 Instructions were given in the Department to prepare messages to the US Mission at the UN to instruct it to deliver letters to the UN Secretary General and Security Council. (See below under May 14 1230 and 2215.) 1300 The Department informed the Minister of the Japanese Embassy, Washington, that the US was moving one battalion of marines from Okinawa to an undisclosed destination. Wednesday, May 14 0330 The Embassy in Tokyo requested the Department to confirm, if asked, the statement that the Japanese government planned to make that our actions connected with the Mayaguez operation did not violate understandings with the Japan- ese. 0715 The Liaison Office in Peking reported that the PRC had stated that it was not in a position to pass our message to the Cambodian authori- ties and was therefore returning it. 0845 The Embassy in Bangkok reported the text of a Thai aide memoire objecting to any US ac- tion which would involve Thailand in the Maya- guez incident. 1015 The Embassy in Bangkok reported that the Charge notified the Thai Prime Minister of the arrival of marines in Thailand. He was told that they must leave immediately. 1230 The Department telephoned the US Mission at the UN, instructing it to deliver a letter to the Secretary General requesting his assistance to obtain the release of the Mayaguez through & FORD RATOR RALD 3 diplomatic channels and reserving the right of self-defense in accordance with Article 51 of the UN Charter. 1300 The Department sent a message instructing the Mission at the UN along the above lines. 1300 The letter was delivered to the Secretary General. 1400 The Mission to the UN informed the Department that the Secretary General promised to contact the Cambodian authorities. 1500- Department officials briefed members of the 1700 House International Relations Committee, Senate Foreign Relations Committee and House Armed Services Committee. 1800 Following an NSC meeting, instructions were given in the Department that, as soon as the Defense Department reported that military ac- tion had begun to obtain the release of the Mayaguez and its crew, the Department should take the following actions: 1. Send a message to all diplomatic posts to inform other governments of the US decision to take military action to secure the release of the Mayaguez and its crew; 2. Have senior officials inform key embassies in Washington of this action. 1930 After being informed by the Defense Department of the beginning of the operation, senior of- ficials in the Department began calling key embassies. 2000 The US Mission at the UN reported the Secre- tary General's written reply to the letter from the US Mission. Earlier, at 1900, the Secre- tary General's spokesman at the UN told the press that he was making all possible efforts to achieve a solution to the problem by peace- ful means. For this purpose, he had communicated FORD - 4 - with the US and Cambodian governments, offered them his good offices, and appealed to them to refrain from further acts of force to facili- tate a peaceful settlement. 2004 The Department was notified of a Phnom Penh broadcast announcing the decision to release the Mayaguez and senior officials were immed- iately informed. 2215 The Department instructed the US Mission to deliver a message to the President of the UN Security Council on US actions to secure the release of the Mayaguez and its crew under Article 51 of the UN Charter. 2250 The Liaison Office in Peking reported that the message to the Cambodian embassy had been re- turned. 2330 The US Mission to the UN reported that the Se- curity Council had authorized distribution of the letter from the US Mission. Thursday, May 15 0030 The Department instructed all posts to inform host governments of the circumstances surround- ing the President's decisions with regard to the seizure of the Mayaguez. 0300 A message was sent to our Embassy in Bangkok informing it that we were using Thai bases for the Mayaguez operation and instructing the Embassy to tell the Thai that we would remove the marines from Thailand when the operation was completed. R. FORD 1181 January 14, 1976 MEMORANDUM FOR: BILL SEIDMAN FROM: JACK MARSH SUBJECT: Mayagues Log The President would very much like to have the log described in the attached. He would like for you to follow-up, and if you could obtain the log and present it to him, he would be very grateful. Many thanks. JOM/dl RALD ? 717 FORD RJR JAN 12 1976 R.J. Reynolds Industries, Inc. Winston-Salem, N. C. 27102 J. Paul Sticht President December 22, 1975 Honorable William Seidman Assistant to The President for Economic Affairs The White House Washington, D. C. Dear Bill: Rather than try to reach you on the telephone this busy season I thought this note would take care of the two questions that I had to raise. At the time we gave the President the Mayaguez wheel, some mention was made about his receiving copies of Captain Miller's entries in the Mayaguez log, as well as charts, etc. We have been able to get copies made (Captain Miller made them himself) and I was wondering what the President's wishes might be about them -- would he still be interested in receiving copies, and what procedure should we take if he does? The second question has to do with contributions to the President's reelection campaign. Now that Dave Packard has been replaced, what group in Washington, if any, is the most appropriate to receive voluntary contributions, or should we look to a North Carolina organization? I will be guided by your suggestions in these matters. All the best for the holidays. Sincerely, R. FORD LICENSE JPS-1v Pail