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    "title": "JL 1-1: Pardon - Tokyo Rose (Iva Toguri) (3)",
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    "ocrText": "The original documents are located in Box 20, folder \"JL 1-1: Pardon - Tokyo Rose\n(Iva Toguri) (3)\" of the Kenneth Lazarus Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential\nLibrary.\nCopyright Notice\nThe copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of\nphotocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald R. Ford donated to the United\nStates of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections.\nWorks prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public\ndomain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to\nremain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid\ncopyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.\nSome items in this folder were not digitized because it contains copyrighted\nmaterials. Please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library for access to\nthese materials.\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nFrom: Robert T. Hartmann RTA\nTo:\nPhilip Buchen\na.m.\nDate:\nDecember 2, 1976 Time:\np.m.\nPer our telephone conversation.\nThanks!\nFORD is LIBRARY GERALD\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nDecember 2, 1976\nDear Dr. Uyeda:\nThank you for sending to me the correspondence\nand background on the Mrs. Iva Toguri d'Aquino\ncase.\nI have forwarded the package of material to\nMr. Philip Buchen, Counsel to the President,\nwho handles these matters.\nWith kind regards.\nSincerely,\nROBERT T. HARTMANN\nCounsellor to the President\nDr. Clifford I. Uyeda\nChairman\nJapanese American Citizens League\n1765 Sutter Street\nSan Francisco, California 94115\nCC: Mr. Wayne Horiuchi\nFORD is LIBRARY GERALD\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nNovember 18, 1976\nMr. Hartmann:\nWayne Horiuchi of the Japanese\nAmerican Citizens League called.\n223-1240.\nHe would like to have an appointment\nwith you (along with David Ushio,\nNational Director of the organization)\nthe week after Thanksgiving to discuss\na Presidential pardon for Tokyo Rose.\n(see attached correspondence).\nGail\nFORD & LIBRARY GERALD\nCOMMITTEE FOR IVA TOGURI\nOF THE\nJAPANESE AMERICAN CITIZENS LEAGUE\nJACL Headquarters Bldg.\n1765 Sutter Street\nSan Francisco, California 94115\nAttorney Wayne M. Collins,\nClifford I. Uyeda, M.D.\nConsultant\nChairman\nPartial Listing -\nIndividual Endorsements:\nNovember 18, 1976\nGov. George A. Ariyoshi, Hawaii\nMayor Tom Bradley, Los Angeles\nRep. Yvonne B. Burke, California\nLt Gov. Melvyn Dymally, California\nSecretary of State March Fong Eu, Calif.\nRep. Donald M. Fraser, Minnesota\nMr. Robert T. Hartmann,\nProf. S.I. Hayakawa, S.F. State Univ.\nRep. Spark M. Matsunaga, Hawaii\nCounsellor to the President\nRep. Abner J. Mikva, Illinois\nThe White House\nAssemblyman S. Floyd Mori, California\nMayor George R. Moscone, San Francisco\n1600 Pennyslvania Ave., N.W.\nRep. B.F. Sisk, California\nWashington, D.C. 20500\nAtty Gen. Evelle J. Younger, California\nOrganizational Endorsements:\nDear Mr. Hartmann:\nAmerican Civil Liberties Union,\nNo. Calif. Chapter\nAmericans for Democratic Action,\nEnclosed please find copy of a letter forwarded\nNo. Calif. Chapter\nto President Ford.\nCalifornia State Legislature\nNational Council of the\nChurches of Christ\nYesterday, the official petition for presidential\nSan Francisco Board of Supervisors\nSan Francisco Commission on\npardon was mailed from the San Francisco post office to\nthe Status of Women\nthe Pardon Attorney, Lawrence M. Traylor, as called for\nWillard Anderson Post #2471,\nVFW, Dalles, Oregon\nin the protocol.\nMedia Editorial Endorsements:\nDayton Daily News (Ohio)\nWe would greatly appreciate your assistance in\nDenver Post\nbringing this matter up to the President.\nHonolulu Advertiser\nLos Angeles Times\nMinneapolis Tribune\nThank you.\nSan Francisco Chronicle\nSan Francisco Examiner\nSan Francisco KFRC-Radio\nSincerely yours,\nSeattle Post Intelligencer\nWashington Star (D.C.)\nSupporting Articles:\nClifard Ungela\nChicago Daily News\nChicago Tribune\nClifford I. Uyeda, M.D.\nChristian Science Monitor\nChairman.\nHonolulu Star-Bulletin\nNational Observer\nWall Street Journal\nWashington Post\nFORD & LIBRARY GERALD\nCOMMITTEE FOR IVA TOGURI\nOF THE\nJAPANESE AMERICAN CITIZENS LEAGUE\nJACL Headquarters Bldg.\n1765 Sutter Street\nSan Francisco, California 94115\nAttorney Wayne M. Collins,\nClifford I. Uyeda, M.D.\nConsultant\nChairman\nNovember 17, 1976\nPartial Listing -\nIndividual Endorsements:\nGov. George A. Ariyoshi, Hawaii\nMayor Tom Bradley, Los Angeles\nRep. Yvonne B. Burke, California\nHon. Gerald R. Ford\nLt Gov. Melvyn Dymally, California\nPresident of the United States\nSecretary of State March Fong Eu, Calif.\nRep. Donald M. Fraser, Minnesota\nThe White House\nProf. S.I. Hayakawa, S.F. State Univ.\nRep. Spark M. Matsunaga, Hawaii\nWashington, D.C. 20500\nRep. Abner J. Mikva, Illinois\nAssemblyman S. Floyd Mori, California\nDear Mr. President:\nMayor George R. Moscone, San Francisco\nRep. B.F. Sisk, California\nAtty Gen. Evelle J. Younger, California\nThe petition for pardon for Mrs. Iva Toguri d'Aquino\nOrganizational Endorsements:\nwas filed this morning by her attorney, Wayne M. Collins.\nAmerican Civil Liberties Union,\nNo. Calif. Chapter\nAmericans for Democratic Action,\nSenator-elect Dr. S. I. Hayakawa had earlier brought\nNo. Calif. Chapter\nto your office informations pertaining to the case. As\nCalifornia State Legislature\nNational Council of the\nyou know Mrs. d'Aquino was convicted of treason as \"Tokyo\nChurches of Christ\nRose\" in 1949 following the most incredible chain of\nSan Francisco Board of Supervisors\ncircumstances.\nSan Francisco Commission on\nthe Status of Women\nWillard Anderson Post #2471,\nResearchers, including the media, have concluded that\nVFW, Dalles, Oregon\nit was the \"legend of Tokyo Rose\" and not an individual\nMedia Editorial Endorsements:\nthat was convicted.\nDayton Daily News (Ohio)\nDenver Post\nHonolulu Advertiser\nMrs. d'Aquino has served her time and has paid her fine.\nLos Angeles Times\nMinneapolis Tribune\nIn spite of over 30 years of suffering, abuse and humiliation,\nSan Francisco Chronicle\nshe has remained steadfastly loyal to the United States.\nSan Francisco Examiner\nSan Francisco KFRC-Radio\nSeattle Post Intelligencer\nIn this bicentennial year when we are celebrating the\nWashington Star (D.C.)\nglories of our nation conceived in justice and fair play for\nSupporting Articles:\nall, we urge you to pardon Mrs. d'Aquino with a statement of\nChicago Daily News\nher innocence and restore her cherished American citizenship.\nChicago Tribune\nChristian Science Monitor-\nHonolulu Star-Bulletin\nNational Observer\nWe witheld the filing of the petition for pardon until\nWall Street Journal\nafter election because we did not want you to be confronted\nWashington Post\nwith the problem during your busy election campaign.\nSincerely yours,\nClifford\nClifed Uyeda, M.D. Unyda\nFORD & LIBRARY GERALD\nMRS. IVA TOGURI d'AQUINO\n\"TOKYO ROSE\"\nCONTENT:\n1) Cover letter.\n2) List of supporters - a) Media editorials.\nFORD & GERALD LIBRARY\nb) Individuals.\nc) Organizations.\n3) List of recent (1976) editorials and articles.\n4) Copies of articles and editorials:\na) Wall Street Journal: - \"The Case of 'Tokyo Rose!\"\n- Letter to the editor by former CIC\ninvestigating officer.\nb) Denver Post: \"Clemency Due Tokyo Rose Case\"\nc) Honolulu Advertiser: \"Case of 'Tokyo Rose'\"\nd) San Francisco Chronicle: - \"Afterthought on 'Tokyo Rose'\"\n- \"'Tokyo Rose' Juror Urges Pardon\"\ne) Washington Star (D.C.): \"'Tokyo Rose,' echo of history\"\nf) San Francisco Examiner: \"Strange Case of Tokyo Rose\"\ng) Los Angeles Times: \"A War with a Legend\"\nh) Chicago Tribune: \"Tokyo Rose Accusers: We were forced to lie\"\ni) Los Angeles Times: \"A plea that should be heard\"\nj) Minneapolis Tribune: \"'Tokyo Rose' should be pardoned\"\nk) San Francisco Examiner: \"Pardon Tokyo Rose\"\n1) Jungleer (publication of the 41st Infantry Division Association)\n5) Copies of letters of endorsements from (chronological order)\na) Governor George R. Ariyoshi of Hawaii.\nb) Dr. E. Rae Hudspeth, former Public Health Service officer\nat the Federal Reformatory for Women, Alderson, West Virginia,\nwhere Mrs. d'Aquino was imprisoned.\n-2-\nc) Congressman John Krebs (Fresno, Calif.)\nd) Congressman B. F. Sisk (Fresno, Calif.)\nē) Congressman Spark M. Matsunaga (Senator-elect) (Hawaii)\nf) Calif. State Assemblyman Paul T. Bannai (Gardena).\ng) Secretary of State March Fong Eu of Calif.\nh) National Council of the Church of Christ (N.Y.)\ni) Congressman Donald M. Fraser (Minnesota).\nj) Willard Anderson Post No. 2471, VFW, Dalles, Oregon.\nk) Professor (Senator-elect) Samuel I. Hayakawa (Calif.)\n1) Lieut. Governor Melvyn Dymally of Calif.\nm) San Francisco Board of Supervisor president, Quenton L. Kopp.\nn) Mayor George R. Moscone of San Francisco.\no) Resolution of the City and County of Honelulu.\np) Mayor Tom Bradley of Los Angeles.\nq) Congresswoman Yvonne B. Burke (Inglewood, Calif.)\nr) VFW Nisei Post 89585, Sacramento, Calif.\ns) VFW Nisei Memorial Post 1629, Monterey Peninsula, Calif.\nt) American Veterans Committee.\n6) Documents from Justice Department obtained thru Freedom of\nInformation Act.\nFORD & LIBRARY GERALD\n-1-\nSUPPORTERS OF PRESIDENTIAL PARDON\nFOR IVA TOGURI d'AQUINO.\nMedia (Editorials): :\n01/08/76 - Denver Post.\n02/06/76 - Honolulu Advertiser.\n02/09/76 - San Francisco Chronicle.\n02/15/76 - Washington Star (D.C.)\n02/19/76 - Valley News (San Fernando, Calif.)\n03/02/76 - Seattle Post Intelligencer.\n03/04/76 - San Francisco Examiner.\n03/07/76 - Los Angeles Times.\n03/29/76 - San Francisco KFRC-Radio.\n04/22/76 - Los Angeles Times.\n06/03/76 - San Francisco Examiner.\n06/27/76 - Dayton Daily News (Ohio).\nIndividuals (statements made):\n02/18/76 - Governor George R. Ariyoshi, Hawaii.\nFORD is LIBRARY GERALD\n02/24/76 - Congressman John Krebs, California.\n03/20/76 - Dr. S. I. Hayakawa.\n03/22/76 - Congressman Spark M. Matsunaga, Hawaii.\n03/25/76 - Assemblyman Paul T. Bannai, California.\n04/08/76 - Congressman B. F. Sisk, California.\n04/09/76 - Secretary of State March Fong Eu, California.\n05/04/76 - Congressman Abner J. Mikva, Illinois.\n-2-\n05/12/76 - Congressman Donald M. Fraser, Minnesota.\n05/20/76 - Assemblyman S. Floyd Mori, California.\n05/23/76 - Attorney General Evelle J. Younger, California.\n06/01/76 - City and County Supervisor Quenton L. Kopp, San Francisco.\n06/ /76 - County Supervisor Kenneth Hahn, Los Angeles.\n06/02/76 - State Senator Milton Marks, California.\n06/29/76 - Lieut. Governor Melvyn Dymally, California.\n07/10/76 - Mayor George Moscone of San Francisco.\n08/06/76 - Mayor Tom Bradley of Los Angeles.\n08/19/76 - Congresswoman Yvonne B. Burke, California.\n10/04/76 - Assemblyman Vic Fazio, California.\nOrganizations:\n03/09/76 - San Francisco Commission on the Status of Women.\n03/11/76 - American Civil Liberties Union, Northern Calif. Chapter.\n04/22/76 - Americans for Democratic Action (ADA), Northern Calif. Chapter.\n05/05/76 - National Council of the Churches of Christ.\n05/12/76 - Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States (VFW),\nWillard Anderson Post #2471, Dalles, Oregon.\n06/24/76 - California State Legislature: Assembly 60-0, Senate 22-0.\n07/06/76 - San Francisco Board of Supervisors.\n07/09/76 - 41st Infantry Division Association.\n07/14/76 - Council of the City and County of Honolulu, Hawaii.\nFORD i LIBRARY GERALD\n09/16/76 - Los Angeles City Council.\n3/\n-3-\n09/28/76 - San Jose (Calif.) City Council.\n09/28/76 - Human Relations Commission of the County of Santa Clara, Calif.\n10/01/76 - VFW Nisei Memorial Post #1629, Monterey Peninsula, Calif.\n10/05/76 - VFW Nisei Post #8985, Sacramento, Calif.\n11/13/76 - American Veterans Committee.\nFORD is LIBRARY GERALD\nCASE OF \"TOKYO ROSE\"\nRECENT PRESS NOTES\nDENVER POST (Robert Pattridge, editorial page editor)\n01/08/76 - \"Clemency Due in 'Tokyo Rose' Case\"\n\"It is time for clemency. It is past time Iva\nToguri d'Aquino, victim of a legend, has paid a\nprice deserving of renewed American citizenship.\"\nSAN FRANCISCO CHRONICLE (Jerry Carroll & Keith Power)\n02/04/76 - \"Was 'Tokyo Rose' Really a Patriot?\"\n02/05/76 - \"How the Tokyo Rose Myth was Created\"\n02/06/76 - \"The Trial of 'Tokyo Rose'--A Tragedy of Error?\"\n02/09/76 - Editorial: \"The Afterlight on Tokyo Rose\"\n\"In the light of the facts shown in the Chronicle review\nof this sorry case, President Ford should grant her pardon.\nShe will be 60 years old on the Fourth of July.\"\n02/16/76 - \"'Tokyo Rose' Juror Urges a Pardon\"\nFORD & GERALD LIBRARY\nWALL STREET JOURNAL (Edwin McDowe11)\n02/06/76 - \"The Case of 'Tokyo Rose¹\"\n\"Convicted of treason 20 years ago, she still maintains\nher innocence. And she's probably right.\"\n\"...a presidential pardon would be tacit acknowledgement\nthat in singling her out, the government was punishing a\nlegend rather than the human being who stood in the dock of\njustice.\"\nHONOLULU ADVERTISER\n02/06/76 - Editorial: \"...a valuable service, both real and symbolic,\nwould be done by restoring to Mrs. Iva Toguri d'Aquino her\nAmerican citizenship.\"\n03/09/76 - \"'Tokyo Rose' case. Ariyoshi calls for pardon\" (Peter Rosegg)\nWASHINGTON STAR (D.C.)\n02/15/76 - Editorial: \"After reading Mr. McDowell's article, we are\npersuaded that the case of 'Tokyo Rose' does merit official\nconsideration.\n\"It is consonant with our sense of justice to re-examine\nwhether injustice was done. Acknowledging error is a mark\nof maturity, in nations as in individuals.\"\n...2/\nSAN FRANCISCO EXAMINER (Dexter Waugh)\n02/23/76 - \"Clemency at Last for Tokyo Rose? Young Collins Will Try\"\n03/04/76 - Editorial: \"The Strange Case of Tokyo Rose\"\n\" this country should look once more at the strange\ncase of Tokyo Rose. If the facts are what they seem to\nbe, a presidential pardon should be granted\nAnd it\nwould be a tacit acknowledgement that the government\nsingled her out and punished a legend, rather than a\nhuman being.\"\nSEATTLE POST INTELLIGENCER\n03/02/76 - Editorial: \"The Strange Case of Tokyo Rose\"\n(Identical to the San Francisco Examiner editorial)\nCHICAGO TRIBUNE (Linda Witt)\n02/23/76 - \"Was Tokyo Rose ally or enemy?\"\n02/24/76 - \"Was Tokyo Rose mocking the Japanese?\"\n02/25/76 - \"Pardon for Tokyo Rose?\"\nCHICAGO DAILY NEWS (Lois Wille)\n02/23/76 - \"The saga of Tokyo Rose: Was she really a traitor?\"\nCHICAGO SUN-TIMES (Michael Miner)\n02/26/76 - \"Japanese Americans take up fìght to clear Tokyo Rose\"\nLOS ANGELES TIMES (Harriet Stix)\n02/24/76 - \"Tokyo Rose: Propagandist or Pawn?\"\n03/07/76 - Editorial: \"At War With a Legend\"\n\"Iva Toguri d'Aquino was convicted of treason under perhaps\nthe most widely misunderstood set of circumstances that ever\nbrought any American into court on that charge.\"\n\"A presidential pardon would be an act of grace by the\ngovernment.\"\nSAN FRANCISCO BAY GUARDIAN (Dean Lipton)\n03/05/76 - \"The Press and 'Tokyo Rose'\nGERALD FORD LIBRARY\nHow a trumped-up journalistic scoop led to three decades\nof injustice\"\n-3-\nWASHINGTON POST (Nicholas von Hoffman)\n03/10/76 - \"Trial with Error? Sleep Tight Tokyo Rose\"\nNEWSWEEK\n03/22/76 - \"Pardon for Tokyo Rose?\"\nREGISTER AND IBUNE SYNDICATE (S. I. Hayakawa)\n03/20/76 \"The Woman Who was Not 'Tokyo Rose!\"\n\"None of the 27 prisoners of war who broadcast on Radio\nTokyo was punished by his government. In fact, Captain\nLIBRATA GERALD R. FORD\nInce had been promoted to Major immediately after his\nliberation, apparently for doing the same kind of work at\nRadio Tokyo for which Mrs. d'Aquino was tried for treason.\"\n03/27/76 - \"A Pardon for Iva Toguri d'Aquino\"\n\"I believe that a pardon is long overdue for Iva Toguri\nd'Aquino, a loyal American throughout, despite the injustices\nshe has suffered.\"\nCHICAGO TRIBUNE (Ronald Yates, Tribune Far East correspondent in Tokyo)\n03/22/76 - \"Tokyo Rose's accusers claim U.S. forced them to lie\"\n\"!We had no choice,\" said one of the witnesses whose damaging\ntestimony helped send Iva Toguri d'Aquino to prison for six\nyears and two months. \"U.S. Occupation Army police came and\ntold me I had no choice but to testify against Iva, or else.\"\n\"We were told what to say and what not to say two hours\nevery moring for a month before the trial started.\"\n\"Even though I was a government witness against her, I can\nsay today that Iva Toguri d'Aquino was innocent--she never did\nanything treasonable.\"\n\"I've heard Iva is very bitter about our testimony. I\nunderstand her bitterness and I feel she has a right to feel that\nway. I just wish I had the opportunity to talk with Iva and\ntell her why we had to do it.\"\n\"We were told that if we didn't cooperate, Uncle Sam might\narrange a trial for us too So we cooperated and we did\nwhat we were told and now many of us have guilty conscience\nbecause of it.\"\n03/23/76 - \"Tokyo Rose 'just a scapegoat': husband\"\n-4-\nUPI, TOKYO (Leslie Nakashima)\n03/26/76 - \"Tokyo Rose said war fantasy victim\"\nCHICAGO TRIBUNE (Linda Witt)\n04/01/76 - \"'Tokyo Rose' decides to talk\"\n\"After being slapped around for 30 years, what am I\nsuppose to think when they suddenly discover I was\ninnocent after all?\"\n\"I didn't abandon this country. Wayne Collins used to\nsay it abandoned me\nBut it's been a lonely and solitary\nlife.\"\nLOS ANGELES HEARLD-EXAMINER (AP)\n03/07/76 - \"The Strange Case of Tokyo Rose\"\nSAN JOSE NEWS\n03/05/76 - Duplicate of article from Chicago Sun-Times.\nCHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR (Robert M. Press)\n03/26/76 - \"'Tokyo Rose' conviction brought under scrutiny.\"\nWASHINGTON POST (Joel D. Weisman)\n03/28/76 - \"Voice From Out of the Past\"\n\"I had faith in the system. And even after what happened\nto me I believe in this country. If the trial were held\nagain today, I'm sure I would be found innocent.\"\nNEVADA STATE JOURNAL (Jack Stevenson)\n04/04/76 - \"Iva d'Aquino: Wash She a Traitor or Scapegoat?\"\nNATIONAL OBSERVER (Bruce Koon)\n04/03/76 - \"'Tokyo Rose,' Three Decades Later\"\nFORD i LIBRARY 9ERALD\n-5-\n\"Perhaps the President will have the courage to review\nher case and restore her American citizenship. Then we\ncan witness whether there are residual feelings of sick-\nness and weariness in this country; or whether there is\nenough moral resilience to grant a tiny bit of respect for\nthis woman.\"\n\"I think there's a little magic left in this country. Maybe\njust enough to bury Tokyo Rose and recognize and honor Iva\nToguri d'Aquino.\"\nnorthwest access (Assoc. Students of the University of Washington, Seattle)\nMarch/April 1976 - \"'Tokyo Rose' - The Estranged American\" (Mary Parker)\nROCKY MOUNTAIN NEWS (Denver, Colorado)\n4/11/76 - \"Tokyo Rose: 30 years later, the possibility of a pardon\"\nThis Linda Witt's article originally appeared in Chicago\nTribune, 4/1/76, under the title: \"'Tokyo Rose' decides to talk\"\nLOS ANGELES TIMES (Editorial)\n4/22/76 - \"A Plea That Should be Heard\"\n\"It is evident that Mrs. d'Aquino was convicted unfairly by\nprejudicial wartime sentiment that still prevailed at the\ntime of her trial. That justice can be alleviated by\ngranting her the pardon she seeks, to restore her citizenship.\"\nHONOLULU ADVERTISER\n4/23/76 - \"Matsunaga says pardon d'Aquino\"\n\"On the basis of evidence which has come to light in recent\nmonths, her conviction of 1949 of the crime of treason\nrepresented a serious miscarriage of justice.\"\n\"Her years of suffering cannot be obliterated, but that\nsuffering can be partially assuaged by restoring to her\nthat which she has always prized above all else--her\nU.S. citizenship.\"\nFORD j LIBRARY GERALD\nCINCINNATI ENQUIRER\n5/5/76 - Linda Witt and Ronald Yates articles from the Chicago\nTribune reprinted.\n-6-\nPORTLAND SCRIBE (Oregon) (Sue Sargent)\n5/20/76 - \"Tokyo Rose: legend/victim\"\nMINNEAPOLIS TRIBUNE (Editorial)\n5/25/76 - \"'Tokyo Rose' should be pardoned\"\nSAN FRANCISCO EXAMINER (Editorial)\n6/3/76 - \"Pardon Tokyo Rose\"\n\"Of all the petitions for pardons on President Ford's\ndesk, none perhaps is more deserving than that for Iva\nToguri d'Aquino\n\"As noted before in this space, she apparently was not\na turncoat but a scapegoat, the victim of postwar hysteria.\n\"The Japanese American Citizens League has tried to keep\nits campaign in behalf of Mrs. d'Aquino out of presidential\npolitics. It would be fitting indeed, though, if Mr. Ford\npardoned Mrs. d'Aquino now, restoring her citizenship\nbefore her 60th birthday, which falls on July 4.\"\nHONOLULU STAR-BULLETIN\n6/17/76 - (Hank Sato) \"Tokyo Rose called victim of hysteria;\nPresidential pardon sought this year.\"\n6/18/76 - \"California Secretary of State backs d'Aquino pardon\"\nVALLEY NEWS, San Fernando, Calif. (Editorial)\n2/29/76 - \"Tokyo Rose revew warrented\"\nSAN FRANCISCO EXAMINER (Dexter Waugh)\n2/24/76 - \"New evidence that Tokyo Rose was framed\"\n(Based on documents obtained from U.S. Justice Dept and\nFBI files under the Freedom of Information Act.)\nBERALD FORD LIBRARY\nHONOLULU ADVERTISER (Peter Rosegg)\n\"Tokyo Rose and me. Norman Reyes' story\"\n6/27/76 - \"FBI coercion at d'Aquino trial?\n\"Jury didn't hear witness' story of Iva d'Aquino.\n\"The story behind Reyes-d'Aquino story.\"\n\"A case for justice\" (Editorial)\n-7-\n6/28/76 - \"Trying to outwit radio censors - under the gun in\nwartime Japan.\n\"d'Aquino trial and the overeager judge.\"\n6/29/76 - \"Trapped inside hostile Japan and his duties at\nRadio Tokyo\"\nDAYTON DAILY NEWS (Ohio) (Editorial)\n6/27/76 - \"Free Tokyo Rose\"\nSAN JOSE MERCURY (Aramando Acuna)\n9/7/76 - \"Tokyo Rose: Is 27 Years Enough?\"\nJUNGLEER (publication of the 41st Infantry Drivision Association)\nJuly 1976 - \"41sters: Tokyo Rose should be pardoned\"\n\"If it were in the power of the 41sters, Mrs. d'Aquino--\n'Tokyo Rose' would be pardoned as promptly as Washington's\nbureaucratic tape would allow. In fact, there isn't a\nsingle man in the 41st Infantry Division who thinks she\nshould have been tried and punished in the first place.\nThe case is considered a travesty on justice and a blot on\nour postwar behavior.\"\n\"When the question of pardon was brought up at the annual\nAssociation meeting in Dearborn (Michigan) a few weeks ago\n(July 8-9; more than 500 41sters attended), it was unanimously\nagreed to put the Association on the record as being in favor\nof an immediate pardon.\"\nGERALD\nFORD & LIBRARY\nThe Case of 'Tokyo Rose'\nBy EDWIN McDowell\nzona (where her mother died soon after- acts of treason, opened in July 1949, lasted\nTHE WALL STREET JOURNAL, FRIDAY, FEB. 6, 1976\nmoney, and in any case her family had\njury.\nMr. McDowell is a member of the Jour-\nbeen relocated to a detention camp in Ari-\nThe trial, charging her with eight overt nal's aditorial page staff.\nTHE WALL STREET JOURNAL, Monday, Feb. 23, 1976\nLetters to the Editor of the Journal\nMore on Tokvo Rose\nEditor. The Wall Street Journal:\nGuysi; Intelligence Corps officer in charge\nof investigations of Mrs. Iva Toguri d'Aquino after the war.'\nGeorge S.\nBERALD R FORD LIBRARY\nGEORGE S. Gryst\nOklahoma City, Okla.\nTHE WALL STREET JOURNAL, Monday, Feb. 23, 1976\nLetters to the Editor of the Journal\nMore on Tokvo Rose\nEditor. The Wall Street Journal:\nBERALD R FORD LIBRARY\nGEORGE S. GUYST\nOklahoma City, Okla.\n24 THE DENVER POST Thurs., Jan. 8, 1976\nLIBRARY\nTHE DENVER POST\nFORD\ni\nGERALD\nClemency Due in 'Tokyo Rose' Case\nBy ROBERT PATTRIDGE\n\"And earthly power doth then show likest\nguilty on one count. The jury found you guilty of\nGod's,\nThis opinion column is by the editorial page\none overt act: \"That on a day during October\nWhen mercy seasons justice.\" -WILLIAM\neditor of The Denver Post.\n1944, the exact date being to the Grand Jurors\nSHAKESPEARE\nunknow, defendant in the offices of the Broad-\ncasting, Corporation of lenan did sponk into\nДЗДИЗА PS. ERE CH\nMon., Feb. 9, 1976\nSan Trancisco Chronicle\nTHE VOICE OF THE WEST\nFounded 1865 by Charles and M. H. de Young\nGeorge T. Comeron, Publisher 1925-55\nCharles de Young Thieriot\nEditor and Publisher\nGordon Pates\nRichard Thieriot\nManaging Editor\nAssociate Editor\nTempleton Peck\nEditorial Page Editor\nEditorials\nThe Afterlight\nOn Tokyo Rose\nGERALD\nBRARY\nSan Francisco Chronicle\nThe Largest Daily Circulation in Northern California\nMONDAY, FEB. 16, 1976\n777-1111\n'Tokyo Rose' Juror\nLIBRARY\nFORD\nUrges a Pardon\nis\nGERALD\nBy Jerry Carroll and Kèith Power\nbeen whipped up during World\nBack Page Col. 2\n'TOKYO ROSE' JUROR URGES PARDON\nFrom Page 1\nThe host of a bland chatter-\n\"The Army forbade any of its despite the Army findings, and\nand-nlatters program on Radio To- officers or men to come to the brought Ivo to trial 1+ was to he\nLIBRARY\nFORD\ni\nGERALD\nPage 16\nSan Francisco Chronicle\nMonday, February 16, 1976\nThe Washington Star\nJOEL ALLERITTON. Publisher\nJAMES G. BELLOWS. Editor SIDNEY EPSTEIN, Managing Editor EDWIN M. YODER JR., Associate Editor\nSUNDAY, FEBRUARY 15, 1976\nGERAL Form\n\"Tokyo Rose,' echo of history\nIdentical editorial\nOPINION\nin Seattle Post Intelli-\ngencer, 3/2/76.\nSan Francisco Examiner\nPage 28 * Thursday, Mar. 4, 1976\nT)\nStrange Case\nof Tokyo Rose\nLIBERA GERALD FORD\nOTIS CHANDLER, Publisher\nDos Angeles Times\nROBERT D. NELSON\nExecutive Vice President and General Manager\nHARRISON GRAY OTIS, 1882-1917\nWILLIAM F. THOMAS\nHARRY CHANDLER, 1917-1944\nExecutive Vice President and Editor\nNORMAN CHANDLER, 1944-1960\nCHARLES C. CHASE, Vice President-Production\nROBERT L FLANNES, Vice President and Assistant to the Publisher\nFORD is CERALD LIBRARY\nROBERT C. LOBDELL, Vice President and General Counsel\nVANCE L STICKELL, Vice President-Sales\nJAMES BASSETT, Associate Editor\nANTHONY DAY, Editor of the Editorial Pages\nROBERT J. DONOVAN, Associate Editor\nFRANK P. HAVEN, Managing Editor\nJEAN SHARLEY TAYLOR, Associate Editor\nSUNDAY MORNING, MARCH 7, 1976\nAt War With a Legend\n2-PART IX\nChicago THE WORLD'S\nTribune\nLIBRARY\nFORD\n&\nGREATEST NEWSPAPER\n7StárFinal\nMonday, March 22, 1976\n6 Sections 15°\nTokyo Rose\naccusers:\nWe were\nforced to lie\nPage 15\nChicago Tribune, Monday, March 22, 1976 Section\n1\n15\nShe was innocent, they say\nTokyo Rose's accusers claim\nR.\nBERALD\nFORD\nU.S. forced them to lie\nLIBRARY\nAmong the American-born witnesses at\nKey Japanese witnesses in the Tokyo\nand agonizing plunge into infamy began.\nthe trial were Kenichi Oki. 63, who was\n\"Iva never made a treasonable broad-\nRose trial, interviewed by Tribune\nproduction manager of the \"Zero Hour,\"\ncast in her life,\" asserted one of her\nTokyo Correspondent Ronald Yates,\nand George Mitsushio, 71, who was pro-\nformer superiors, whose testimony nev-\ntold him they had never talked with\ngram director for Radio Tokyo's English-\nertheless helped nail down the prosecu-\nthe press about their roles in her\nlanguage broadcasts. They provided\ntion's case 27 years ago. \"She got a raw\nconviction. This is the first of two\nsome of the most damaging testimony\ndeal-she was railroaded into jail:\"\nstories on Tokyo Rose.\nagainst Mrs. d'Aquino.\nSuch statements are 180 degrees away\nBOTH OKI AND Mitsushio, who were\nfrom those made by the same men at\nBy Ronald Yates\nborn in California and who eventually\nMrs. d'Aquino's trial, however.\nFar East correspondent\nbecame Japanese citizens, live today in\nBoth Mitsushio and Oki, for example,\nTokyo and are successful businessmen.\ntestified not only that they saw Mrs.\nChicago Tribune Press Service\nof\nthe\nd'Aquino commit overt acts of treason\nChicago Tribune, Tuesday, March 23, 1976\nfor a mammoth country like the United\nStates to crucify a Japanese-American--\nall we had to do was look at Iva,\" he\nR.\ncontinued. \"So we 'cooperated' and we\ndid what we were told and now many of\nus have guilty consciences because of\nGERALD\nit.\"\nFORD TREATY\nTERUO OZASA, 54, who worked as\nA Plea That Should Be Heard\n-LATIMES 4-22-76\nL.A. Times Editorial\n4/22/76\nLIBRARY GERALD ? FORD\nMinneapolis Tribune\nEstablished 1867\nCharles W. Bailey Editor\nWallace Allen Managing Editor\nLeonard Inskip Editorial Editor\n6A\nTuesday, May 25, 1976\n'Tokyo Rose' should be pardoned\nFORD s GERALD LIBRARY\nOPINION\nSan Trancisco Examiner\nPage 28 * Thursday, June 3, 1976\nPardon Tokyo Rose\nALD R. FORD =\nSUPPORT BY THE 41st INFANTRY DIVISION ASSOCIATION\nThe 41st Infantry Division was a National Guard division\nfrom the States of Oregon, Washington, Idaho and Montana.\nIt was called to active duty in September 1940. It was\nthe first American division to be sent overseas in World War II.\nIt fought its way up from Australia through numerous\nPacific islands to the Philippines.\nIt was one of the first American units sent to Japan for\nthe occupation.\nThe Association has 3,000 active members, and has held\nannual conventions since 1948.\nLIBRARY GERALD R. FORD\nJUNGLEER\nVOL. XXVII, NO. 2\nJULY, 1976\n41sters: Tokyo\nMichigan 41sters score\nRose should\nbe pardoned\nbig with '76 reunion\nunchanged. Noel It. Nobby 0 Brien\nCecil Ovenfelt\nwise you may not get that big post-\nbecame the immediate past president.\nBozeman, Montana\nreunion issue. and that would be\nContinued on back page\n(See Russo's acceptance speech on page 3.)\na great shame.\nTokyo Rose pardon\nWartime poetry\nContinued from page one\nby a 41st man\nIt's hard to believe they would parden\nHAWAII\nE\nnew\nTHE\nEXECUTIVE CHAMBERS\nHONOLULU\nGEORGE R. ARIYOSHI\nGOVERNOR\nFebruary 18, 1976\nR.\nThe President\nGEEAT\nFORD\nThe White House\nWashington, D.C.\nLIBRARY\nDear Mr. President:\nA.\nDuring World War II, as you know, many Japanese-American in our\nNation suffered shocking injustices involving seizure of property and virtual\nincarceration and suffered unwarranted calumny and abuse resulting from\nofficial policies. As one with some first hand experience, I believe that every\nindividual was at least in some way affected by wave of hostile racism that\nswept over the Country.\nThose dark days are past now and for the most part, they remain only\nin the memory of us, the older generation, and I suspect that our children\nregard them as horror stories that could never happen again. Many outstand-\ning Americans have expressed the deepest regret that such things could have\noccurred.\nThe whole nightmarish experience might be pushed permanently into\nthe limbo except for one piece of unfinished business--the case of \"Tokyo Rose. \"\nThe name evokes memories among all of us who were involved in WW II\nfor it reminds us of a legend that has since proved, like many other legends,\nalmost certainly false in most aspects. We do know that one woman, Iva Toguri\nd'Aquino, an American citizen, bore the brunt of the emotional hostility that\naccrued to that legend. Mrs. d'Aquino lost her freedom, her citizenship, and\nalmost any future except basic survival.\nNow, evidence has been gathered and compiled which seems to cast\ngrave doubt that Mrs. d'Aquino was ever anything but a loyal American citizen\nand that she was and remains the victim of miscarriage of justice created in\npart by the after effect of the same wave of hostility and prejudice against\nJapanese-Americans that I mentioned above.\nThe President\nPage 2\nI do not pretend to have conclusive evidence in this case, but I do\nbelieve current representations carry weight enough to merit a thorough\ninvestigation by you, Mr. President, with a view toward consideration of\na pardon for Mrs. d'Aquino.\nI ask that you institute such an investigation. If current representa-\ntions about this case are valid, the cause of American justice may best be\nserved by sympathetic and humane consideration, no matter how tardy.\nWith warm personal regards, I remain,\nYours very truly,\nGeorge R. Ariyoshi\nLIBRARY GERALD R. OF\n:\nSTATE\nHAWAII\nUN\nTHE\nSEAL\nEXECUTIVE CHAMBERS\nHONOLULU\nGEORGE R. ARIYOSHI\nGOVERNOR\nFebruary 20, 1976\nClifford I. Uyeda, M.D.\nChairman, National JACL\nIva Toguri Committee\nNational Headquarters\n1765 Sutter Street\nSan Francisco, California 94115\nDear Dr. Uyeda:\nThank you very much for your letter of\nJanuary 14, 1976, regarding the case of Iva\nToguri d'Aquino.\nI am in wholehearted agreement that the\ncase of this unfortunate woman should be\ninvestigated by the President with a view\ntoward considering a Presidential pardon.\nToward that end, I have written President Ford.\nA copy of my letter is enclosed for your interest.\nWith warm personal regards, I remain,\nYours very truly,\nGeorge R. Ariyoshi\nEnclosure\nFORD a OERALD LIBRARY\nXXXXXXXXXXXXX\nXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX\nXXXXXXX\nFebruary 20, 1976\nMr. Gerald Ford\nPresident of the United States\nWhite House\nWashington, D. C.\nDear Mr. President:\nI am writing in support of the petition to pardon\nMrs. Iva Toguri d'Aquino.\nWhile in the Public Health Service, I was closely\nassociated with Mrs. d'Aquino at the Federal Reformatory\nfor Women, Alderson, V. Va. I found her faithful, cooperative,\nand helpful. She seemed, even during her incarceration to\nbe a loyal American.\nYours truly,\nE. Rae Hudspeth, M.D.\nERH/cf\nCCI Mrs. d'Aquino\nJapanese-American Citizens League\nR.\nGERALD\nFORD\nLISEARY\n17th Discrict, Co.\nWASHINGTON OFFICE\n$35 CANHON Mixiss OFFICE BUILDING\nWASHINGTON DC 20515\n(202) 225-334)\nCongress of the United States\nDISTRICT OFFICES\nRoom 41:4 FEDERAL BUILDING\nDouse of Representatibes\n1130 0\" STREET\nCALIFORNIA 93721\n(209) 487-5487\nMashington, D.C. 20515\n210 SOUTH MONEY BOULEVARD\nSurre P\nCOMMITTEE BUSINESS\nVISALIA CALIFORNIA 93277\nFebruary 24, 1976\n(209) 733-5036\nENERGY ENVIRONMENT\nand NORTH TRAIN STREET\nGOVERNMENT REMENT AND\nMANCORD CALIFORNIA 93230\nTRACE\n(209) 582-2896\nMr. Fred Y. Hirasuna\nP. 0. Box 11801\nFresno, California 93775\nDear Mr. Hirasuna:\nThank you for your letter of February 19, 1976, with\nreference to Mrs. Iva Toguri.\nI read the excellently written pamphlet which you\nwere kind enough to enclose and wish you every success\nin your attempts to petition for a presidential pardon.\nYou may rest assured that I shall do whatever I properly\ncan to see that justice is done.\nThank you for bringing this matter to my attention, and\nif I may be of further assistance, please do not hesitate\nto call on me.\nSincerely,\nJohn Kaha\nJOHN KREBS\nMember of Congress\nJK:J\nFORD a. DERALO LIBRARY\nANTENNIA\nTHIS STATIONERY PRINTED ON PAPER MADE WITH RECYCLED FIBERS\nWESTEIN UNION\nTelegram\nNO. WDS.- CL. OF SVC.\nPD. OR COLL.\nCASH NO.\nCHARGE TO THE ACCOUNT OF\nTHIS MESSAGE WILL BE SENT\nPRESS\nOVER NIGHT\nAS A TELEGRAM UNLESS IT IS\nDPR\nNPR\nTELEGRAM\nGWAO 84664\nOTHERWISE INDICATED.\nSend the following message, subject to the Telegraph Company's conditions, rules and regulations, which are on file with regulatory authorities.\nMr. David E. Ushio\nNational Executive Director\nJapanese American Citizens League\n5415 North Clark Street\nChicago, Illinois\nAS A MEMBER OF CONGRESS, I FULLY SUPPORT THE GROWING\nNATIONWIDE EFFORT TO SEEK A PRESIDENTIAL PARDON FOR IVA\nTOGURI d'AQUINO. ON THE BASIS OF EVIDENCE WHICH HAS COME TO\nLIGHT IN RECENT MONTHS, HER CONVICTION IN 1949 OF THE CRIME OF\nTREASON REPRESENTED A SERIOUS MISCARRIAGE OF JUSTICE.\nSINCE HER CONVICTION, HOWEVER, MRS. d'AQUINO HAS NOT ONLY\nPAID HER FINE AND SERVED A PRISON TERM, BUT SHE HAS LIVED FOR\nYEARS IN MENTAL ANGUISH WHILE STEADFASTLY MAINTAINING HER\nINNOCENCE.\nHER YEARS OF SUFFERING CANNOT BE OBLITERATED, BUT THAT\nSUFFERING CAN BE PARTIALLY ASSUAGED BY RESTORING TO HER THAT WHICH\nSHE HAS ALWAYS PRIZED ABOVE ALL ELSE--HER U.S. CITIZENSHIP. IN\nTHIS BICENTENNIAL YEAR OF OUR NATION, THE GRANTING OF A PRESIDENTIAL\nPARDON AND THE RESTORATION OF U.S. CITIZENSHIP TO MRS. d'AQUINO\nWOULD DRAMATICALLY SERVE AS A SYMBOLIC ACT ON THE PART OF OUR\nGOVERNMENT TO DEMONSTRATE THAT OUR SYSTEM'S GREATNESS LIES IN PART\nIN ITS FLEXIBILITY TO RECTIFY ITS OWN ERRORS. AS A PEOPLE WHO\nARE COMMITTED TO SERVING THE ENDS OF JUSTICE, ALL AMERICANS OUGHT\nTO JOIN IN A CONCERTED EFFORT TO SERVE JUSTICE, ONCE DENIED AND TOO\nLONG DELAYED IN THE CASE OF IVA TOGURI d'AQUINO.\nR.\nGERALD\nFORD\nSPARK MATSUNAGA\nLIBRARY\nWU 1211 (RI-70) UNITED STATES CONGRESSMAN\nSTATE CAPITOL\nCOMMITTEES:\nDACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA 95814\nFINANCE. INSURA\nAND\nTEL.: (916) 445-0965\nCOMMERCE\nDISTRICT OFFICE\nJUDICIARY\n1919 W. REDONDO BEACH BLVD.\nAssembly\nREVENUE AND TAXATION\nSUITE 107\nCOMMISSION FOR\nGARDENA. CALIFORNIA 90247\nECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT\nTEL.: (213) 327-5920\nJOINT COMMITTEE ON\nJOB DEVELOPMENT\nCalifornia Hegislature\nCOMMISSION OF THE\nCALIFORNIA'S\nPAUL T. BANNAI\nASSEMBLYMAN, FIFTY-THIRD DISTRICT\n13\nMarch 25, 1976\nHonorable Gerald Ford\nPresident, United States of America\nWhite House\nWashington, D.C.\nMy dear Mr. President:\nI have written you on various matters of concern in the past and\nappreciate the assistance you have given me. NOW I write to ask\nthat you look into a matter which I believe by your actions could\nhelp in righting a wrong committed many years ago.\nKnowing that you are a fair person, I will give you what I feel\nare my thoughts relative to a miscarriage of justice in the case\nof Iva Toguri d'Aquino, who had the misfortune of being one of\nthose identified as \"Tokyo Rose\".\nAfter reading over much of what has been published about her, I\nfeel that Mrs. d'Aquino is entitled to a full pardon and restoration\nof her rights as a citizen of the United States, which I am sure\nshe cherishes so very much. Having served in the South Pacific\nduring World War II, and having heard \"Tokyo Rose\", I still can't\nthink of anything in my memory which would have singled out this\none person, Mrs. d'Aquino, as someone to be convicted of treason.\nThe only count of which Mrs. d'Aquino was convicted was to undermine\nAmerican morale during war time, which I do not think was the case.\nAt the very worst, I believe that she has paid any debt to society\nduring all these years that she has maintained that she was not\nguilty of the things of which she was accused. I am sure that you\npersonally do not have all the time to read of all the details of\nthis case, but I am sure that with your large staff adequately\nresearching this matter, you will find through their indepth study\nFORD\nCARSON, HAWTHORNE, GARDENA, LAWNDALE, LENNOX AND PORTIONS OF LOS ANGELES CITY AND COUNTY\nHonorable Gerald Ford\n2\nMarch 25, 1976\nPresident, United States of\nAmerica\nof the case, that Mrs. d'Aquino should be given clemency and that\n:\nyou could right atremendous wrong to this one individual who wants\nnothing more than to be a United States citizen.\nIn this year of 1976 when we are celebrating our Bicentennial and\nhave reviewed also 200 years of true American justice, I, and many\nother Americans, believe that your actions of clemency for Mrs.\nd'Aquino would not only be the just thing to do, but would also\nrestore the faith of many Americans in our great American way of\nlife, liberty and honor.\nSincerely, Paner famol\nPAUL T. BANNAI\nAssemblyman, 53rd District\nState of California\nPTB:aj\nGERALD FORD\nB.F. SISK\nDISTRICT OFFICES\nBETTY L. CORNELIUS\n19th DISTRICT. CALIFORNIA\n,\nFIRLD REPRESENTATIVE\n157\nRoom 2001. FEDERAL Suilding\nCOMMITTEE ON RULES\nCONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES\n1130 o STREET\nHOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES\nFREEND. CALIFORNIA $3721\nHouse OFFICE Business\n808-467-8004\nWASHINGTON, D.C. 20018\nWASHINGTON, D.C. 20515\nSHIRLEY G. GIBBON\nTOMY COSLHO\nADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT\nRoom 20A. FEDERAL BUILDING\nApril 8, 1976\n1128 \"1\" STREET\nMentato. CALIFORNIA 00304\n808-627-1914\nMr. Fred Y. Hirasuna\nPost Office Box 11801\nFresno, California 93775\nDear Fred:\nThank you for your note and enclosed copy of\na booklet published by the National Committee for Iva\nToguri, Japanese American Citizens League.\nI have read the booklet and certainly feel that\nthe case of Iva Toguri is a most tragic one. I personally\nbelieve that she 15 deserving of a full presidential\npardon and restoration of her American citizenship, but\nas you know, Fred, the President and only the President\nhas pardon authority under the Constitution.\nI understand that the pardon petition has not as\nyet been presented. presumably to avoid conflict with\nthe forthcoming Presidential election. I have every\nconfidence that at such time as 11 15 presented it will\nbe accorded the most careful and sympathetic consideration\nby the President.\nwith kind personal regards,\nSincerely,\nBeinie B. F. SISK\nMEMBER OF CONGRESS\na\nAMERICAN MINDLUTION )\n1778-1873\nGERALD R. FORD TRANTY\nExecutive Office\n(916) 445-6371\nCertification\n(916) 445-1430\nGREAT THE STATE\nCorporation Index\n(916) 445-2900\nOffice of the Secretary of State\n111 Capitol Mall\nCorporation Records\n(916) 445-1768\nElection Division\n(916) 445-0820\nOF\nMarch Fong Eu\nSacramento, California 95814\nLegal Division (Corp.)\n(916) 445-0620\nNotary Public Division\n(916) 445-6507\nCALIFORNIA\nState Archives\n(916) 445-4293\nUniform Commercial Code (916) 445-8061\nApril 9, 1976\nClifford I. Uyeda, M.D.\nChairman\nNational Iva Toguri Committee\nJapanese American Citizens League\n1765 Sutter Street\nSan Francisco, CA 94115\nDear Dr. Uyeda:\nPlease count me among the supporters of Japanese\nAmerican Citizens League's efforts in behalf of\nIva Toguri d'Aquino.\nPlease also accept my congratulations for a fine\njob.\nSincerely,\nmanh 7mgEn\nMARCH FONG EU\nMFE:gsw\nR.\nGEART\nFORD\nNATIONAL COUNCIL OF THE\nCHURCHES OF CHRIST IN THE\nU.S.A.\nCOMMISSION ON JUSTICE, LIBERATION\n& HUMAN FULFILLMENT\n475 Riverside Drive, New York, N.Y. 10027 Room 824 (212) 870-2915\nWilliam P. Thompson\nPresident\nClaire Randall\nGeneral Secretary\nJovelino Ramos\nAsst. Gen. Sec.\nM. William Howard\nChairman\nMay 5, 1976\nMr. Gerald Ford\nThe President of the United States\nWashington, DC 20001\nDear Mr. President:\nThe Commission on Justice; Liberation and Human Fulfillment of the\nNational Council of Churches has gone on record in support of the\ncampaign of Amnesty for Iva Toquri.\nConvicted 20 years ago as an accomplice in the \"Tokyo Rose\" incident,\nshe has always claimed her innocence on the basis of a respectable\nvolume of evidences.\nIn the light of the facts and present historical circumstances, this\nCommission urges you to use your presidential powers to grant her a\npardon and to renew her American citizenship.\nSincerely yours,\nGovil Ramos\nJovelino Ramos\nExecutive Director\nCJLHF\n/dr\nGERALD R. FORD THENTY\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nMay 12, 1976\nDear Congressman Fraser:\nThe President has asked me to reply to your letter of\nApril 23, 1976, recommending that he grant a pardon to\nIva Toguri D'Aquino.\nIva Toguri D'Aquino filed a petition for pardon after\ncompletion of sentence in November 1968. The petition\nwas denied in October 1969. Like any other person who\nhas been convicted of a Federal felony, has served the\nsentence and been a law-abiding member of the community\nfor several years subsequent to the completion of the\nsentence, she is eligible to reapply for a pardon if she\nchooses. However, she has not done so. If she should\nreapply, her petition would receive the same consideration\naccorded to other eligible petitioners.\nYour interest in this matter is appreciated.\nSincerely,\nKenneth A. Lazarus\nAssociate Counsel\nto the President\nThe Honorable Donald M. Fraser\nHouse of Representatives\nWashington, D. C. 20515\nLIBRARY GERALD R. FORD\nV.F.W.\nWILLARD ANDERSON POST NO. 2471\nThe Dalles, Oregon 97058\nMay 12, 1976\nThe Honorable Bob Packwood\nUnited States Senate\n1317 Dirksen Building\nWashington, D. C. 20510\nDear Senator Packwood:\nWe of V. F. W. Post #2471 strongly urge you to urge President\nFord to give Iva Toguri (known as Tokyo Rose) a full pardon on\nJuly 4, 1976.\nWis Lay\nform Pymete\nnuclice Hiffman\nferan m Hutaon\n9.7.20e\nin Tepson.\nIn Pay Ryan\nWm e Jones\nKoe Dichimat\nOrnalle Cram\nLIBRARY GERALD R. FORD\nVETERANS OF FOREIGN WARS OF THE UNITED STATES\nS.I. I.Hayakawa\n225 ELDRIDGE AVENUE\nP.O. Box 100\nMILL VALLEY, CALIFORNIA 94941\n415. 383:6695\nJune 28, 1976\nThe President\nThe White House\nWashington, D.C. 20500\nMy Dear Mr. President:\nAs you are no doubt aware, both houses of the California legislature have now\nasked you to pardon Iva Toguri d'Aquino and to restore her American citizenship.\nHaving been born an American, she neither wants nor is entitled to citizenship in\nany other country.\nAfter examining the history of her trial and reviewing the evidence on which\nMrs. d'Aquino was tried and convicted of treason in 1949, the following newspapers\nhave urged a pardon for her: Denver Post, San Francisco Chronicle, Wall Street\nJournal, Honolulu Advertiser, Washington Star, San Francisco Examiner, Seattle\nPost-Intelligencer, Los Angeles Times, Chicago Tribune, Chicago Daily News, Wash-\nington Post Syndicate (Nicholas von Hoffman), Register and Tribune Syndicate\n(S. I. Hayakawa). Other publications, including National Observer, Christian\nScience Monitor, and Newsweek have published stories that seriously question the\njustice of her conviction. My own columns on the subject are enclosed, as is the\nsummary of the case prepared by the National Committee for Iva Toguri of the Japa-\nnese-American Citizens League.\nI am sure that others have recommended that Mrs. d'Aquino's pardon be issued\non her 60th birthday, which happens to fall on July 4, 1976. Since the basic rea-\nson for her conviction was that she fell into jeopardy because she refused to give\nup her American citizenship and to take refuge in declaring herself a Japanese\nnational, recognition of her stubborn patriotism would be especially appropriate\non this day. I hope you agree.\nYou were kind to receive the Republican candidates for the U.S. Senate in\nyour office on the morning of June 16. It is an occasion that I shall always\nremember with pleasure.\nRespectfully yours,\nS. . Hayakawa\nS. I. Hayakawa\nSIH/ka\nEnclosures\nCC: The Honorable Barry M. Goldwater, Jr.\nThe Honorable Hiram Fong\nLIBRARY GERALD R. FORD\nDr. Clifford Uyeda\n(916)445-9533\nJune 29, 1976\nThe Nonorable Gerald R. Ford\nThe White House\nWashington, D.C. 20500\nDear President Ford:\nAs Lieutenant Governor of the State of California, I am\nurging you to speedily grant a full and unconditional\npresidential pardon to Iva Toguri d'Aquino, alleged\n\"Tokyo Rose\" of World War II.\nThere could be no better way and no better time to show\nthis nation's greatness and sense of compassion than to\ngrant such a pardon on the July 4 observance of our\n200th birthday.\nI am convinced that Ms. Toguri's conviction on one count\nof treason, and her subsequent loss of citizenship, were\nbased on falsified and misconstrued evidence. Not only\nhave the men who provided the most critical testimony at\nher trial admitted they lied; her actual broadcasts\nindicate there was no propaganda designed to reduce the\nmorale of American troops in the Pacific. In fact, Iva\nToguri, a U.S. citizen by birth, was in Japan to visit\na sick aunt when the war broke out, and only took the\nbroadcasting position at the urging of American POWs who\nconvinced her that she would be able to reduce the effect\nof Japanese propaganda in her new job. If anything, Iva\nToguri was an aid to American soldiers.\nFORD\nThe Honorable Gerald R. Ford\nJune 29, 1976\nPage Two\nI believe that by restoring full citizenship to this\nnative Californian, who was falsely accused, falsely\ntried, and falsely convicted of a crime she did not\ncommit, we will be correcting a serious miscarriage of\njustice, a miscarriage of justice that is so unfortunate\nin this time of national celebration in honor of the\n200th anniversary of our Independence.\nSincerely,\nMERVYN M. DYMALLY\nMMD:cw\npayable\nCTTT\nJUL 12 1976\nQUENTIN L. KOPP\n\"\nCITY HALL\nTHE\nPRESIDENT\nSan Francisco CA 94102\nBoard of Supervisors\nTelephone 558-2338 and 981-0245\nJuly 7, 1976\nMr. David Ushio\nNational Executive Director\nJapanese American Citizens League\n1765. Sutter St.\nSan Francisco, CA 94115\nDear Dave:\nThe Board of Supervisors adopted at yesterday's Board\nmeeting the Resolution urging the President of the United States\nto pardon Iva Toguri d'Aquino.\nI have directed the Clerk of the Board to request that\nthe Mayor sign this Resolution at once, so that San Francisco\nmay be the first city in the United States to pass such a\nResolution.\nIt was gratifying for me to be a part of the effort\nto seek a pardon for Mrs. d'Aquino. I sincerely hope that\nthe effort is successful.\nSincerely yours,\nQueston QUENTIN L. KOPP\nQLK:kb\nLIBRARY GERALD R. FORD\nOFFICE OF THE MAYOR\nSAN FRANCISCO\nGEORGE R. MOSCONE\nJuly 16, 1976\nClifford I. Uyeda, M.D.\nChairman, Iva Toguri Committee\nJapanese American Citizens League\n1765 Sutter Street\nSan Francisco, CA 94115\nDear. Dr. Uyeda:\nThank you for your letter of July 12 regarding the\nconviction of Iva Toguri d'Aquino in 1949, and your\nconcern that she be exonerated by way of Presidential\npardon.\nI want you to know that I share your interest in this\nissue, and for the reason signed into law the resolution\nto which you refer last Friday, July 10, 1976. I am\nhopeful that President Ford will see fit to grant a full\npardon to Iva Toguri d'Aquino.\nThank you again for your letter and expression of concern.\nSincerely\nGeorge R. Moscone\nMayor\n-\nLIBRARY GERALD R. FORD\nOFFICE OF THE CITY CLERK\nONLY 7611111 AND\nCITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU\nHONOLULU, HAWAII 96813 / TELEPHONE 523-4291\nNAWAII\nEILEEN K. LOTA. CITY CLERK\nJOHN M. kamana. JR. DEPUTY CITY CLERK\nAugust 2, 1976\nThe National Committee for Iva Toguri\n1765 Sutter Street\nSan Francisco, CA 94115\nEnclosed for your information is a Resolution which was\nadopted by the Council of the City and County of Honolulu.\nK. Lotan\nEILEEN K. LOTA\nCity Clerk\nenclosure\nMed\nFORD & GERALD LIBRE\nRESOLUTION\n18,\nPETITIONING GERALD R. FORD, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, TO GRANT A PARDON TO\nIVA IKUKO TOGURI d'AQUINO.\nWHEREAS, we, the members of the Council of the City and County of Honolulu, as the\nelected representatives of a diverse ethnic community, have dedicated ourselves to\nthe democratic principles of liberty, justice and the pursuit of happiness, without\nregard to race, religion or creed that are the cornerstones of our great American\nrepublic; and\nWHEREAS, this Council believes the denial of justice and freedom for one is the\nabnegation of these God-given rights for all Americans; and\nWHEREAS, this Council feels that Iva Ikuko Toguri d'Aquino was a victim of wartime\nhysteria and post-war hysteria in her conviction, fine and imprisonment on a charge\nof treason as the mythical \"Tokyo Rose,\" a conviction which since has been found to\nbe undeserving and unjust; and\nWHEREAS, Iva Ikuko Toguri d'Aquino served six (6) years in prison and continues to\nsuffer immeasurably from humiliation and the loss of her citizenship as the result\nof her highly questionable and unjust conviction; now, therefore,\nBE IT RESOLVED by the Council of the City and County of Honolulu that Gerald R. Ford,\nPresident of these United States, be, and he is, hereby petitioned to proceed\nforthwith to grant a pardon to Iva Ikuko Toguri d'Aquino and to bestow all executive\nand other remedies available under the law as justice demands; and\nBE IT FINALLY RESOLVED that the Clerk be, and she is, hereby directed to transmit\ncopies of this resolution to The Honorable Gerald R. Ford, President of the United\nStates; The Honorable Edward H. Levi, Attorney General, U. S. Department of Justice;\nMr. Lawrence M. Traylor, Esq., Office of the Pardon Attorney, U. S. Department of\nJustice; Members of the Hawaii Congressional Delegation; and The National Committee\nfor Iva Ikuko Toguri d'Aquino.\nINTRODUCED BY:\nMaulyn Bornkout\nW. Sandy Nofch\nDATE OF INTRODUCTION:\nJuly 14, 1976\nHonolulu, Hawaii\nTorake Gatermeto\nCOUNCILMEN\nCITY COUNCIL\nADOPTED\nCITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU\nHONOLULU, HAWAII\nas amended\nMeeting Held\nI hereby certify that the foregoing RESOLUTION was adopted'by\nthe COUNCIL of the City and County of Honolulu, by the vote and on\nJUL 28 1976\nReference:\nthe date indicated on the right margin hereof.\nAYE\nNO\nA/E\nBORNHORST\nReport No. IGR CR 1151\nATTEST:\nCLEMENT\nE\nHOLCK\nKAAPU\nE\nKOGA\nE\nLOTA CHAIRMAN GEORGE & PRESIDING G. AKAHANE OFFICER\nLOO\nResolution No.\nMATSUMOTO\nPACARRO\n(As Amended) 273\nDated JUL 28 1976\nAKAHANE\n603\nof\nTHE\nCELL\nAMERICA\nAngeles\nFOUNDED\n1781\nCITY HALL\nLOS ANGELES. CALIFORNIA 90012\nOFFICE OF THE MAYOR\nToM BRADLEY\n(213) 485-3311\nMAYOR\nAugust 6, 1976\nThe Honorable Gerald Ford\nPresident of the United States of America\nThe White House\n1600 Pennsylvania Avenue\nWashington, D. C. 20500\nDear Mr. President:\nI am writing to ask that a full presidential pardon be granted\nto Iva Toguri d'Aquino, who was convicted of treason in 1949 as\nthe legendary \"Tokyo Rose\" when public feeling against Japan\nand the Japanese was running high.\nAs Mayor of Los Angeles, where we have the largest concentra-\ntion of Japanese Americans on the mainland of America, I have\nseen them rebound from the injustices of racial bigotry and\nbecome some of our outstanding citizens.\nThe passions of war have cooled, and as your invitation to the\nEmperor and Empress of Japan to visit here last year indicates,\nmuch has been forgiven. We have had an opportunity to examine\nMrs. d'Aquino's trial dispassionately and see that it was not\njustice's finest hour.\nThe great irony was that her conviction was possible because\nshe clung tenaciously to her American citizenship, while key\nwitnesses against her in similar circumstances renounced their\nU. S. citizenship to escape prosecution. Much of the evidence\nagainst her was questionable, and U. S. and Allied POW's who\nwrote her material in the alleged treasonable radio broadcasts\nwere never prosecuted.\n- over -\nLIBRARY GERALD R. FORD\n- 2 -\nIva Toguri d'Aquino has served her prison sentence and has paid\nher fine. She even lost her citizenship which she had refused\nto give up in the face of harassment by Japanese police when\nshe was stranded in Japan without funds during World War II.\nMrs. d'Aquino is a native of Los Angeles and was 60 years old\non July 4, 1976. I join the Japanese American Citizens League,\nwith nearly 100 chapters throughout the United States, in urging\nyour compassionate pardon and full restoration of citizenship\nto a woman who was a victim of her times.\nA presidential pardon at this time would be \"an act of grace\",\nas the Los Angeles Times pointed out in an editorial in March\nthis year.\nSincerely,\nDom TOM BRADLEY Burdly\nMayor\nTB/gb\nBERALD R. FORD TRUST\nYVONNE BRATHWAITE BURKE\nWASHINGTON OFFICE:\n28TH DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA\n336 CANNON HOUSE OFFICE BUILDING\nWASHINGTON, D.C. 20515\nCOMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS\n(202) 225-7084\nSUSCOMMITTEES:\nHUD-INDEPENDENT AGENCIES\nCongress of the United States\nWENDELL M. HOLLOWAY\nADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT\nDEPARTMENTS OF STATE. JUSTICE,\nCOMMERCE, THE JUDICIARY AND\nhouse of Representatives\nDISTRICT OFFICE:\nRELATED AGENCIES\nINGLEWOOD CITY HALL\n1 MANCHESTER BOULEVARD\nChashington, D.C. 20515\nINGLEWOOD, CALIFORNIA 90301\n(213) 678-5424\nMARGUERITE J. ARCHIE\nAugust 19, 1976\nDISTRICT ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT\nMr. Tsuneishi\nJapanese American Citizens League\n125 Weller Street, Room 310\nLos Angeles, CA 90012\nDear Mr. Tsuneishi:\nIn response to your letters seeking my support for a\nPresidential pardon for Ms. Iva Toguri, your organization\nmay use my name as one of your supporters.\nAfter reviewing the materials you sent me and the recent\nremarks in the Congressional Record of my colleague, the\nHonorable Spark Matsunaga, I recognize the tragedy of\ndiscrimination and post-war hysteria which confronted\nthis American citizen. It is based, as always, on igno-\nrance.\nRecognizing the delicate political climate at this time,\nI will be happy to contact the President with my support\nat whatever appropriate time you advise.\nVery truly yours,\nUm Benk\nYVONNE BRATHWAITE BURKE\nMEMBER OF CONGRESS\nYBB: CLF: ba\nLIBRARY GERALD R. FORD\nNISEI POST 8985\nVETERANS OF FOREIGN WARS OF THE UNITED STATES\nDEPARTMENT OF CALIFORNIA\nSACRAMENTO. CALIFORNIA\nOctober 5, 1976\nHonorable Gerald R. Ford\nPresident of the United States\nof America\nCapitol Building\nWashington, D.C. 20013\nDear President Ford:\nVFW Post 8985, Sacramento, unanimously passed a motion recently to sup-\nport the movement to obtain a Presidential pardon for Mrs. Iva Toguri\nd'Aquino who was convicted for treason in 1949. Our investigation dis-\ncloses she was tried under the most adverse conditions and convicted of\nmany acts for which she was not responsible. We now learn that all the\nchips were stacked against her, even to the extent that witnesses were\ncoerced into giving false testimonies.\nIn spite of all the prejudice and unfair treatment she has received,\nMrs. d'Aquino has remained faithful and loyal to the United States of\nAmerica. And she is trying to live out her life as best as she can.\nPost 8985 currently has a membership of 275 veterans of foreign wars.\nAnd we are united in making this request for the pardon which only you\nare able to give. We believe that her behavior as an alien living in\nthe enemy's country in time of war did not constitute treason, but her\nactions clearly show that she did her best to work for her country and\npeople as a loyal American. She should not be held responsible for the\nactions committed by others whose identities are not known.\nPlease give this matter your earliest attention in order that Mrs. d'Aquino\nmay be exonerated from the crimes and regain her citizenship which is\nrightfully hers.\nVery truly yours,\nGeorgen Monta\nGeorge Morita\nCommander\nFORD i GERALD LIBRARY\ncc Mr. Clifford I. Uyeda\nJapanese American Citizens League\nAn Association of Men Who Have Fought America's Wars on Land and Sea\nJapanese American Citizens League\nMONTEREY PENINSULA CHAPTER\nP.O. Box 664\nMONTEREY, CALIFORNIA 93940\nOctober 9, 1976\nDr. Clifford Uyeda\nNational Headquarters\nJapanese American Citizens League\n1765 Sutter Street\nSan Francisco, California 94115\nDear Dr. Uyeda:\nOn October 1, 1976 at their monthly post meeting, the Nisei Memorial\nPost 1629 VFW of the Monterey Peninsula did in fact support the JACL\neffort for a Presidential Pardon on behalf of Iva Toguri D' Aquino.\nThe Post Commander, James Suzuki handed me 2 petition sheets containing\na total of 27 names of post members and wives who have gone on record\nin favor of the pardon for Iva Toguri.\nWhen I am so notified that petitions are to be forwarded for submission\nto the President, I will send Post 1629's along with the rest that we\nhave from our chapter.\nI hope that this information will be an incentive to the other Nisei\nVFW posts in California to rally to the cause.\nDr. Uyeda, I will keep you informed of our progress on this issue here\non the Monterey Peninsula. I am also enclosing herewith a copy of the\neditorial that ran earlier this year on the Monterey Peninsula. We\nspoke with the editor and he promised us another updated editorial in\nthe near future. Thank you for the booklets that you sent for our use.\nSincerely,\nLorefacole Doug Jacobs\nencl\nChapter President\nLIBRARY GERALD ? FORD\nMEMBER NORTHERN CALIFORNIA WESTERN NEVADA DISTRICT COUNCIL - NATIONAL COUNCIL\nwestern union\nTelegram\nSFA111(1028) (2-012252E322) PD 11/17/76 1028 1976 NOV 17 AM 7: 34\nICS IPMMTZZ CSP\n3012295671 TDMT BETHESDA MD 212 11-17 1028A EST\nPMS DON HAYASHI ACTING NATIONAL DIRECTOR, JAPANESE AMERICAN CITIZENS\nLEAGUE, FONE 9AM PST, 921-5225 AND DLR IMMY AFTER, DLR\n1765 POST) ST SUTTER\nSAN FRANCISCO CA 94115\nTHE AMERICAN VETERANS COMMITTEE (AVC) WHICH WAS FOUNDED DURING WORLD\nWAR II BY AMERICAN SERVICEMEN AND SERVICEWOMEN, AT IT'S FALL\nNATIONAL BOARD MEETING HELD IN WASHINGTON DC ON NOVEMBER 13 1976,\nPASSED A RESOLUTION \"REQUESTING THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES\nTO GRANT A PARDON TO IVA TOGURI SO THAT HER AMERICAN CITIZENSHIP MAY\nBE RESTORED\".\nTHE AMERICAN VETERANS COMMITTEE WHOSE VETERAN-MEMBERS LOCATED ALL\nSF-1201 (R5-69)\nOVER THE COUNTRY AND WHO SERVED IN FOUR WARS, WORLD WAR II, WORLD\nWAR I, KOREA AND VIET-NAM, IS A HIGHLY RESPECTED ESTABLISHED\nVETERANS ORGANIZATION WITH A UNIQUE MOTTO \"CITIZENS FIRST, VETERANS\nSECOND\". THE AVC DEDICATED ITSELF \"TO ACHIEVE A MORE DEMOCRATIC AND\nPROSPEROUS AMERICA AND MORE STABLE WORLD\".\nTHE FIRST TRULY INTEGRATED VETERANS ORGANIZATION, AVC, SINCE IT'S\nFOUNDING HAS BEEN IN THE FOREFRONT IN THE STRUGGLE FOR RACIAL\nJUSTICE CIVIL RIGHTS AND CIVIL LIBERTIES, EQUAL RIGHTS AND EQUAL\nOPPORTUNITY FOR ALL AMERICANS. AVC WAS ONE OF THE FOUNDERS OF THE\nWORLD VETERANS FEDERATION DURING THE EARLY '50'S. THE AVC NATIONAL\nHEADQUARTERS ARE IN WASHINGTON DC. AMONG AVC HONORARY MEMBERS HAVE\nBEEN: HARRY S TRUMAN, MRS ELEANOR ROOSEVELT, RALPH BUNCH AND SENATOR\nPAUL DOUGLAS.\nSAUL ROSEN, NATIONAL CHAIRMAN, AMERICAN VETERANS COMMITTEE\nSF-1201 (R5-69)\n&\nFORD\n1333 CONNECTICUT AVE NORTHWEST WASHINGTON DC 20036\nNNNN\nGERALD\nLIBRARY\nCAMOARD\nFORM\nNO.\nOfice Memorandum\nUNITED STATES GOVERNMENT\nThe Attorney General\nDATE: September 24, 1946\nROM : Theron L. Caudle, Assistant Attor\nTLC:SCE:DTJ\nOFFICE OF THE\n146-28-1941\nOBJECT: IVA IKUKO TOGURI, with aliases\nTokyo Rose, Orphan Annie, An;\nSEP\nTreason\n25\n1945\nAMOUNT\nThis subject mas born\nGreate\nCalifornia, on\nJuly 4, 1916. She went to Japan in the Summer of 1941 for the\npurpose of caring for an invalid aunt and mas unable to return\nto the United States prior to the outbreak of the war. In\nNovember, 1943 she obtained employment as an announcer on a\nprogram known as the Zero Hour over Radio Tokyo.\nToguri was taken into custody by our military authori-\nties in Jacan and has been identified in newspaper accounts as\n\"Tokyo Rose. it This was the name given by American troops to a\nwoman broadcaster over Radio Tokyo whose program consisted of\npopular American music, interspersed with news broadcasts, remarks\ninferring that the soldiers' loved ones at home were unfaithful\nand amouncements concerning the movements of our land, sea and\nair forces. These broadcasts were intended, of course, to cause\ndiscontent among our soldiers and to convey the impression that\nthe Japanese had advance knowledge of our war strategy. It appears\nfurther that no broadcaster over Radio Tokyo was announced as\n\"Tokyo Rose\" and that several women announcers of programs of this\ntype were given that name indi Iscrimirately by the American troops.\nConsiderable investigation has been conducted in this\ncase and it appears that the identification of Toguri as \"Tokyo\nRose\" is erroneous, or, at least, that her activity consisted of\nnothing nore than the announcing of musical selections. She has\ndenied making any other type of broadcasts and radio technicians\nand fellow broadcasters also stated that this TT2S the extent of her\nactivity, with the exception of two cr three who said that remarks\non her broadcasts were anti-United States. They did not reveal in\nwhat respect her statements were anti-United States, however, or\ngive any specific remarks or specific or approximate dates that\nthey were made. A few recording cylinders of her broadcasts and\na large number of her scripts were located, and they, as well as\nthe transcripts of the only two broadcasts of her program which\nwere monitored by the Federal Communications Commission, do not\ndisclose that shs did anything more than introduce musical records.\nIn addition, it appears that \"Tokyo Rose\" mas broadcasting to-\nthe date of Toguri's employment.\n146-28-1941\nIt is my opinion that Toguri's activities, particularly JUSTICE\nin view of the innocuous nature of her broadcasts, are'not 1 1948\nsufficient to warrant her prosecution for treason. ThelDrited RECORDS\nCRIM-INTERNAL SECURITY SEQ\nStates Attorney at Los Angeles concurs in this opinion. I\nbelieve that the case should be closed, subject, of course,\nto being reopened in the event more information is received\nat a later date, and that the War Department should be advised\nthat we no longer desire her retention in custody.\nCowpbell\nMemorandum\nUNITED STATES GOVERNMENT\n20\n:\nThe Attorney General\nDATE: December 2, 1948\nFROM\n:\nAlexander M. Campbell, Assistant Attorney General,\nAMC:WEF:lr\nCriminal Division\nSUBJECT: IVA IKUKO TOGURI D'AQUINO\n146-28-1941\nTreason\nRECEIVED\nLED\nSMB\ntand\n17 1949\nI wined dam The\nDivision\nThe witness Yagi whom Harry Brundidge produced as a\nresult of his trip to Japan last spring was, it now appears,\nconfront\nguilty of perjury in his testimony before the grand jury in\nthe Toguri case. He has finally confessed to a CIC officer\nin Japan that he falsely stated that another witness, whom\nhe identified as a result of persuasion by Harry Brundidge,\nwas present at the broadcast.\nwith\nitc\nYagi had told Mr. Hogan in Japan that he witnessed\none broadcast by the defendant Toguri while in the company of\na Japanese friend whose identity he refused to disclose on the\nground that the friend would not testify because of fear. Mr.\nBrundidge assured Mr. Hogan at that time that the unidentified\nfriend was at that moment in Brundidge's room but would not talk.\nYagi testified to the same effect before the grand jury but his\nevasiveness aroused the suspicions of the FBI who questioned him\nmany times in San Francisco. Finally, after consulting with Mr.\nBrundidge in Monterey, Yagi identified his friend as one Kodaira.\nThe CIC Agent who escorted the Japanese witnesses from\nand to Tokyo was requested by Messrs. Hogan and DeWolfe to conduct\ncertain investigations in Japan upon his return, including the\nlocating and interrogating of Kodaira. The CIC report which has\njust been received shows that Kedaira emphatically denies having\nattended any broadcast at Radio Tokyo with Yagi. Yagi stuck to\nFORD\nhis original story until confronted with Kodaira's denial, after\nwhich he asserted that a friend had told him not to reveal his\ntrue identity. Finally, on November 5, 1948, the following occurred:\n\"At approximately 1515 hours, questioning of\nYagi continued. Yagi appeared more nervous than\npreviously mentioned. When advised that it was\nthe intent of the writer to confront Yagi with\nFill\namezord\nKodaira in an effort to resolve the conflicting\nict!\nstatements, Yagi begged the writer not to do so\nstating, \"I will tell you the truth this time'\n146-28-1911\nYagi then advised, 'My friend, Harry T. Brundidge,\ncame to Japan in March or April 1943. He asked me\nJAN 12 1949\nto go to the United States of America as a witness\nDIVISION\nRECERD\nCRDI. INTERNAL SECURITY SEC.\nagainst Toguri. I told him I never seen Toguri\nbroadcasting. He stated, \"If you tell the story\nto Mr. Hogan then you will make a trip to the\nUnited States and we will have a nice time to-\ngether. 11 At this point of the interview, Yagi\nseemed to regain his composure. In response to\na question by the writer as to whether he would\nmake a sworn statement to the above, he replied,\nYes, I want to tell the truth now even though it\ngets me in lots of trouble.' Yagi continued, \"The\nstatement I signed (that is the statement given to\nHogan in Tokyo in March or April 1948) was not the\ntruth. in\nGERALD R. FORD 11 Visit\nlawffell\nMemorandum\nUNITED STATES GOVERNMENT\n20\n:\nThe Attorney General\nDATE: December 2, 1948\nFROM\n:\nAlexander M. Campbell, Assistant Attorney General,\nAMC:WEF:lr\nCriminal Division\nSUBJECT: IVA IKUKO TOGURI D'AQUINO\n146-28-1941\nTreason\nRECEIVED\nLED\nSMB\ntead\n17 1949\nI wored dam withing caupoly\nDivision\nThe witness Yagi whom Harry Brundidge produced as\na\nresult of his trip to Japan last spring was, it now appears,\ncaprent\nguilty of perjury in his testimony before the grand jury in\nthe Toguri case. He has finally confessed to a CIC officer\nBrundie\nin Japan that he falsely stated that another witness, whom\nhe identified as a result of persuasion by Harry Brundidge,\nwas present at the broadcast.\nwith\nitc\nPhotocopy from Gerald R Ford Library\nYagi had told Mr. Hogan in Japan that he witnessed\none broadcast by the defendant Toguri while in the company of\na Japanese friend whose identity he refused to disclose on the\nground that the friend would not testify because of fear. Mr.\nBrundidge assured Mr. Hogan at that time that the unidentified\nfriend was at that moment in Brundidge's room but would not talk.\nYagi testified to the same effect before the grand jury but his\nevasiveness aroused the suspicions of the FBI who questioned him\nmany times in San Francisco. Finally, after consulting with Mr.\nBrundidge in Monterey, Yagi identified his friend as one Kodaira.\nThe CIC Agent who escorted the Japanese witnesses from\nand to Tokyo was requested by Messrs. Hogan and DeWolfe to conduct\ncertain investigations in Japan upon his return, including the\nlocating and interrogating of Kodaira. The CIC report which has\njust been received shows that Kedaira emphatically denies having\nattended any broadcast at Radio Tokyo with Yagi. Yagi stuck to\nhis original story until confronted with Kodaira's denial, after\nwhich he asserted that a friend had told him not to reveal his\ntrue identity. Finally, on November 5, 1948, the following occurred:\n\"At approximately 1515 hours, questioning of\nYagi continued. Yagi appeared more nervous than\npreviously mentioned. When advised that it was\nthe intent of the writer to confront Yagi with\nFill\namegra\nKodaira in an effort to resolve the conflicting\nit!\nstatements, Yagi begged the writer not to do so\nstating, \"I will tell you the truth this time'.\n146-28-19111\nYagi then advised, 'My friend, Harry T. Brundidge,\ncame to Japan in March or April 1943. He asked me\nJAN\n12\n19493\nto go to the United States of America as a witness\nDIVISION RECERD\nCRDI. INTERNAL SECURITYSEC\nagainst Toguri. I told him I never seen Toguri\nbroadcasting. He stated, \"II you tell the story\nto Mr. Hogan then you will make a trip to the\nUnited States and we will have a nice time to-\ngether.\" At this point of the interview, Yagi\nseemed to regain his composure. In response to\na question by the writer as to whether he would\nmake a sworn statement to the above, he replied,\n\"Yes, I want to tell the truth now even though it\ngets me in lots of trouble.' Yagi continued, \"The\nstatement I signed (that is the statement given to\nHogan in Tokyo in March or April 1948) was not the\ntruth.\"\nPhotocopy from Gerald R, R.Ford Library\nLIGHT right GERALD FREE.\nOffice Memorandum\nUNITED STATES GOVERNMENT\nTO\nThe Attorney General\nDATE: June 8, 1949\nFROM : Alexander H. Campbell, Assistant Attorney General,\nALC:JBH:mmv\nCriminal Division\n146-28-1941\nSUBJECT: United States V. Iva Toguri D'Aquino - Treason\nYou will recall that by memorandum dated December 2,\non\nBY\n1948, we informed you that, then prospective Government trial\nwitness, Yagi had given a statement to the Counterintelligence\nCorps in Japan to the effect that his testimony before the Grand\nDEC\nJury in San Francisco was false and that he had given this testi-\nmony, as well as his previous statement, to an attorney of the\n8\nRR\nCriminal Division at the suggestion and urging of witness Harry\nBrundidge. You will also recall that witness Brundidge when con-\n1933\nfronted with this statement simply denied it in toto.\nWe are now in receipt of a statement by Yagi made in Japan\nto an FBI agent reiterating his accusation in somewhat greater. detail.\nWe also have a statement from another Japanese, Toshikatsu Kodaira,\nwhich states in effect that he, Kodaira, as also requested and urged\nby Brundidge and Yagi to give a similar false statement.\nThe defendant's attorney, who was in Japan obtaining deposi-\ntions for and on behalf of the defendant, is aware of the recent revela-\ntions made by Yagi and Kodaira, and will cross examine Brundidge in that\nregard when and if he takes the stand as a Government witness at the\ntrial on the merits herein. The testimony expected of Brundidge at the\ntrial of this cause will be corroborated by evidence from other credible\nsources.\nThe trial of the instant case is scheduled to begin at San\nFrancisco on July 5, 1949.\nGERALD\nFORD\nIn considering the possibility of instituting prosecution\nagainst Brundidge for subornation of perjury, we believe that such\naction taken prior to the completion of the litigation involving Iva\nToguri D'Aouino would completely destroy any chance of a conviction in\nher case. We further believe that it would be unwise to initiate such\nprosecution of Brundidge at any time because the chance of convicting a\nwhite man upon the testimony of two Japanese, particularly in California,\nis very slight. We also feel that the fairly close friendship which existed\nbetween witness Yagi and newspaper nan Brundidge for a considerable number\nof years would probably result in Yagi's refusal to testify against Brundidge\non grounds of self-incrimination.\nIn view of the foregoing, it is strongly recommended that at the\npresent juncture no federal crininal proceedings of any sort be initiated\nagainst Harry Brundidge for any alleged Federal statutory offense arising\nout of the facts hereinbefore discussed. This Division is likewise firmly\nof the view that there is no reasonable expectation from a factual stand-\npoint of a successful ensuing Federal criminal prosecution subsequently\nagainst Brundidge based on the facts which are the subject matter of\nthis memorandum.\nIV\n1857\nADDRESS REPLY TO\nUNITE\nTITES ATTORNEY\nDRIVER TO\nand\nSAND NUMBER\nC.C.\nDEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE\nUNITED STATES ATTORNEY\nOFFICE OF THE\nRECEIVED\nJMC:JM\nSOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA\nLOS ANGELES\nDEC 1947\nDecember 5, 1947\nATTORNEY GENERAL\nAIR MAIL\n116-28-1941\nHonorable Tom C. Clark\nAttorney General\nDepartment of Justice\nWashington, D. C.\nMLT =\nthe\nRe: Tokyo Pose and Walter Winchell\nMy dear Mr. Clark:\nOn December 4th, I talked with Harry Brand, Assistant to\nJoseph Schenck at 20th Century-Fox studios, and told him trat if\nit could be arranged I would appreciate an appointment with Walter\nWinchell; that I did not want to ask any favors or make any complaints,\nbut to make available to Mr. Winchell certain facts if he did not\nalready have them.\nI cleared the matter through Mr. Peyton Ford, after putting\nthrough 2 call to you to find you were out of the city. Mr. Brand\nthen made an appointment for me to talk to Walter Winchell on Thursday\nafternoon, December 4th.\nI arrived at 20th Century-Fox studios and met Harry Brand; he\nR\nstated that there were very few people wão could talk to Winchell and\nthat Mr. Joseph Schenck was one of these and one of Winchell's good\nBEART\nas\nfriends.\nAND\nHe went to Mr. Schenck's office and there met Mr. Schenck and\nCharles Carr. I explained to Mr. Schenck our purpose in talking to\nWinchell was to endeavor to see that he understood the facts of the\ncase and that I did not seel: to ask any favors of Winchell. Mr. Schenck\nsaid he W?S & good friend of Winchell and that Mr. Carr was also a good\nfriend of both Winchell and Schenck and that he (Nr. Schenck) would be\nElad to have Mr. Carr go along to the conference. ire then proceeded\nto Winchell's office.\nI was introduced to Winchell and stated that I W23 there not\nfor the nurpose of attempting to influence him in any of his activities,\nor to ask any favors, but nerely to make available to hin the facts.\nFORYICTORY\nBUY\nThis lir. andswered by a PERSONAL and CONFIDENTIAL note from Mr. Peyton\nLYITED\nSTATES\nWAR\nFord 12-9-47 (no copy for our files).\nBONDS\nSTAMPS\nFile\nHon. Tom C. Clark\nDec. 5. 1947\nI stated to Mr. Winchell that there were about six women\nwho broadcast from the Radio Tokyo, only one of whom was an American\ncitizen, to-wit, Pose Toguri. Winchell said he knew the facts and\nproceeded to make a long, eloquent and interesting speech. In the\ncourse of these comments by Winchell I received the impression there\nnight have been, in the past, some differences between you and Winchell.\nVinchell made the following points:\n(1) That it was the duty of the Attorney General and the Department\nof Justice to propose legislation to ice used against such persons 23\n\"Tokyo Pose\" and to \"do something about it.\"\n(2) He mentioned 2 luncheon which had been held at 20th Century-\nFox some time in the past, in which he intimated that you had not\ngiven him a correct answer when asked = whether you were to be the new\nAttorney General. Ee stated that you were appointed within the next\nfew days.\n(3) He claimed he had been plugging you for Attorney General\npart of that time and intimated he had never received proper thanks.\n(4) Mr. Carr sooke uo and said that he knew of his own knowledge\nthat you did not know at the time of the luncheon that you were to be\nAttorney General; that you were planning on going back to Texas to\npractice law. Mr. Carr presented this in his vigorous manner and I\nbelieve it had considerable effect upon Mr. Winchell.\n(5) He complained about the failure of the Justice Department to\nreprosecute the Washington Sedition case, and though conceding there\nwere too many defendants, he believed they should have been prosecuted\nin the verious districts throughout the country.\n(6) Mention W?.S made of John Rosse - Winchell spoke in an approving\nand not critical Janner.\n(7) He talked at length about his various libel suits and the\nproblems he had in connection with being a radio broadcaster.\n(8) At 2. break in his conversation, I exhibited to hin 2. copy of\nthe press release released in Washington concerning Tokyo Pose\" and\ntold him it was a complete copy of the release. Ee read it with in-\nterest, and stated he was =lad to see that \"Tokyo Pose\" WSS not to be\nallowed to come back to the United States; he intimated he was going\nto use the release, or part of it, 0. his Sunday night brondenst. Ke\ncommented that the release did not say that it had been brought about\nby his previous broadcast.\nR.\nGERALD\nFORD\nLIBRARY\nHon. Tom C. Clark\n-3-\nDec. 5. 1947\n(9) I repeated that I was not defending \"Tokyo Pose\" and\nwished him more power in his activities in exposing American\ncitizens who engaged in harmful and unpatriotic conduct, at\nhome and abroad, but stated that as 2. lawyer I was not going to\nrecommend 2 prosecution unless we had some kind of Γ. case against\nthe defendant.\n(10) Mr. Carr mentioned letters he had received as United States\nAttorney from G Is all over the world, criticizing Mr. Carr for his\nannounced intention of prosecuting \"Tokyo Pose\" and claiming that the\n\"Tokyo Zose\" broadcast, instead of being zorale breakers were corale\nbuilders. Winchell replied that these people were probably communists,\nbut Mr. Carr continued with the argument and I think made some in-\npression on Winchell.\n(11) I emplained to him the innocuous character of the \"Orohan\nAnnie\" broadcasts, and offered to erhibit to him translations of the\n\"Orphan Annie\" broadcasts which were put out over the air by Rose\nToguri. Ee stated that he was familiar with the fact that many of\nthem were innocuous.\nIn general, I would report that Winchell opened uo and talked\nquite friendly and freely towards the close of the conversation. I\nthink that the presence of some of our good friends at 20th Century-Fox\nhad a great deal to do with this. His telephone was ringing constantly\nuntil he cut off calls, and I know he makes very few appointments to\nsee people.\nI received the distinct impression and feeling that if there\nwere any hostile attitude on the part of Winchell towards the Department,\nit could be broken down, and that any differences are not unsurmountable.\nI received also the impression that somewhere along the line\nhis priče had been injured, and I am of the opinion that you could go\na long wey towards smoothing things out, should you have 2 personal\nchat with Mr. Winchell.\nHe is leaving for the east on Sunday night December 7th or\nMonday, December 8th, going either to New York or to Washington.\nSEALE\nYORD\nHon. Tom C. Clark\n1\nDec. 5. 1947\nAs we left Mr. Winchell's office to 50 to our cars,\nthe question of \"Tokyo Pose\" care up again, and I suggested to\nhim the bad situation which would occur should the Government\nseek 2 prosecution without having a proper case, and if the\ntrial resulted in a dismissal or acquittal. He agreed readily\nthat this would be worse than having no prosecution, and :fe\nparted in a very friendly manner.\nTrusting the foregoing meets with your approval, and\nthat the corference and this report on it may be of some assistance\nto you the Department, I an\nSincerely\nJAMES M. CARTER\nUnited States Attorney\ncc: Monorable Peyton Ford\nActing the Assistant to\nThe Attorney General\nDepartment of Justice\nWashington, D. C.\nGERAL FORD TRUSTY\nUNITED STATES ATTORNEY\nAND REFER TO INITIALS AND NUMBER\nDEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE\n-\nUNITED STATES ATTORNEY\nNORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA\nSAN FRANCISCO 1\nRe Iva Togun Wagnino\n12 naturberr\n46-28-1941\n\\\nFILED\n3Y\nGMB\nKCV 17 1040\n4 NOV 13 1348\nRay\nCL\n1 widustood my instructions we its the\nQs to was Two of inDictment\nTogriease - valed against are to practically\ngroud jurals for we n in arder\nmake To was a necessary speeed\nto abtain are these edecustances we 7 BElIEVE up\nwill under wish to Back the to\nthe and Ag immediately requestible SA\nDirector. to much send Benefit to the course Case\ngauldresult from such R.FORD\nFILE of action n. Regards law\nPh\nLIBRARY GERALD\nDepartment of Justice\nDEPARTMENT*OF JUSTICE\nDIVISION OF RECORDS\nTelegram\nTELEGRAPH OFFICE\n1946 SP 13 PM 2:10\nBU Q129 GOVT DL PD\nNUX WASHINGTON DC SEP 13 1945 131P\nATTORNEY GENERAL DEPT OF JUST\nRE YOUR WIRE IVA TOGURI FURTHER INVESTIGATION MENTIONED IN\nSEP 13 3 326 26 PM \"46\nRECEIVED\nCORRESPONDENCE HAS NOT STRENGTHEN THIS CASE PD WE FEEL\nEVIDENCE IMADEQUATE PD RECOMMEND TREASON PROSECUTION BE\nDECLINED PD END\nU S ATTORNEY LOSA CALIF 131700Z\n208P.\nUL 28-194 19\n131700Z.\nDEPARTMENT OF 1!!- RE\nSEP 13 1946\nP.R.C\nDIVISI\n(RM-INTER) SECURITY SEC\nPN\nRECOR\nFenuc.\nFILE - JSH\nR Q128-129 DJ\nHoyes\nGERALD FORD LIBRARY\nOffice Memorandum\nUNITED STATES GOVERNMENT\nTO\nTheron L. Caudle, Assistant Attorney General,\nDATE: September 19, 1946\nCriminal Division\nNTE:JBH:vng\nFROM\n=\nNathan T. Elliff, Chief, Internal Security Section\n146-28-1941\nSUBJECT: IVA IKUKO TOGURI, with aliases\nTokyo Rose, Orohan Annie, Ann - Treason\nReference is made to ny memorandum to you dated May 15, 1946, in\nwhich I analyzed the available evidence and expressed my conclusion\nthat that this is not a casa for prosecution for treason. Inasmuch as\nthat memorandum mas rather complete I will not repeat it here. It need\nmerely be stated that the evidence will undoubtedly prove the subject's\nAmerican citizenship and the fact that she broadcast for the Japanesa\nfor 2 salary. However, the available scripts and the testimony of\nthe majority of witnesses indicate that her broadcasts were innocuous,\nand could not be considered giving aid and comfort to the enemy.\nThe Har Department has been irquiring at intervals as to what\ndisposition is to be made of this case. Before communicating, with\nthe Mar Department, it was decided to solicit the opinion of the\nUnited States Attorney at Los Angeles because he has been studying\nthis matter since its inception. By a telegram dated September 13;\n1946, he has advised that he does not feel the evidence is adequate\nto recommend a treason prosecution. he concur in his opinion and\nsuggest that this mattor be considered closed at this time, and that\nthe War Department be advised that T18 no longer desire that the\nsubject be retained in custody. Of course, if additional information\nis received at a later date, the entire case can be reconsidered.\n146-28-1941 OF JUSTICE\nTHE\nOCT T-2 1948\nDIVISION OF RECORDS\nRITERNAL SECURITY SEC.\nLDM\nT\nT7Q:JBH:vng\n145-28-1941\nOctober 24, 1947\nEAT\nis\nis\nBY\nThe Honorable\nThe Secretary of State\nas OCT 31 1947\nWashington 25, D. C.\nMy dear Hrs Secretary:\nAttentions Mrs. PL B. Shipley,\nChief, Passport Division\nThis will acknowledge receipt of your lotter of October 20,\n1947, your file F130-Aquino, Izuko D', concerning Mrs. D'Acuino's\napplication for a passport to return to the United States.\nAfter a caraful analysis of the available evidence, this\nDepartment concluded that prosecution of this individual for\ntresson was not varranted, and 78 50 informed the Mar Decart-\nment. Therafore, this Department will have no objection to\nthe issue of a passport to Hrs. D'Aquino.\nRespectfully,\nFor the Attornay General\nyest\nT. VINCENT QUINN,\nAssistant Attorney General\nPM\nGC: Records\nChron.\nMr. Hogan\nSENT OCT 23 B7 Masseng JGLON\nGERALD A\nHE\n12-5-4\nf,\nC,Fire Memorandum :\nUNITED STATES GOVERNMENT\nJAN 11 1949\nZO\nThe Attorney Genera ATTORNEY GENERAL\nJard\n:\nDATE: January 2949\nFROM : Alexander M. Campbell, Assistant\nGeneral\nAMC:mab\nFILED\nSUBJECT: Iva Ikuko Toguri D'Aquino\nBY\nRC\n146-28-1941\nTreason\nRoseJokya\nOn APR 5 1954\nWith reference to a memorandum of December 2, 1948 submitted\nto the Attorney General in the above captioned matter and on the basis\nof information contained in said memorandum to the effect that witness\nYagi had repudiated his testimony before the Grand Jury in San Francisco,\nhad repudiated a statement which he gave to Mr. John Hogan of the\nCriminal Division to the effect that he witnessed one broadcast by the\ndefendant Toguri, and that the reason he made the original statements\nto the said Hogan and to the Grand Jury was as a result of persuasion\nby one Harry Brundidge, I today conferred with said Brundidge in the\npresence of Hugh Fisher, Special Assistant to the Attorney General and\nDean Schedler, Director of Public Information, the latter having known\nBrundidge for several years and having had contact with him previously\nin the Department before the said Brundidge went to Japan.\nWhen confronted with the substance of the memorandum of\nDecember 2, 1948, heretofore referred to, Mr. Harry Brundidge stated\nthat he could give no reason as to why Yagi had now changed his story\nand could give no suggestions to the Department which may be helpful\nin clarifying the situation except that he may have been stricken with\nfear since his return to Japan.\nMr. Brundidge denied that he persuaded witness Yagi to so\ntestify before the Grand Jury in the Toguri case.\nThe interview lasted from 2:30 p.m. until 3:15 D.M.\nThe Criminal Division on December 23, 1948 recuested the\nBureau to contact Yagi in Jápan again for the purpose of ascertaining\nwhat promoted him to make the last statement repudiating his Grand Jury\ntestimony and his statement to John Hogan. As you know, Special Agent\nFrederick Tillman departed for Japan on December 23, in connection with\nthe Provoo, D'Aquino, Ince and Streeter cases.\n146-28-1941\nGeneral- we\nthe ease according\nHagsh my information 26 the\nP\nTokyo Rose.\n12-5-47\nveral FBI reports received since the Department's press release in\nDecember tend to confirm the previous opinion held in this Division that\nIVA TOGURI, now held in custody in Japan, did broadcast over the Japanese\nradio from late in 1943 until the capitulation. She always called herself\nOrphan Annie or Anne and broadcast on a program written by captured American\nand Australian army officers known ES the \"Zero Eour Broadcast\". Eer\nstatements were limited to the introduction of musical selections and\ncomparatively inocuous references to thentroops being homesick. None of\nthe statements commonly attributed to \"Tokyo Rose\" regarding trocp movements\nor actions of the troops' wives at home and other statements intended to break\ndown morale, has been attributed to Iva Toguri. In fact the most competent\nwitnesses clearly distinguish between Ive Toguri, socalled Orphan Annie, and\nthe women broadcasters generally referred to as \"Tokyo Rose\".\nThe investigation is continuing and no determination regarding grand jury\nproceedings, if she is allowed to return to the United States, will be made\nuntil the investigation is completed.\nIva Toguri is E. native born citizen of the United Statetes\nState Dest in holding fish basis for x her at one\nlumisty. but comflife. -\nM &\n146-28-144\nUS\nFeb b A/S iv\nMAR 2.\nFile B\nFARD\n03\nFEDERAL BUREAUTOR INVESTIGATION\nForm: No. 1\nTHIS CASE CR GINATED AT\nSAX\nFRINCILCO\nFILE NO.\n:=AP\n31 Pace, Texas\n4-20-49\n4-1/49\nA. JOHNS\nadl\nTITLE\nCHARACTER CF C.SE\nINA IMMO TOURI Sac,\nTREASCH\nSYNCPSIS CF FACTS:\nFBI, Special loyee LAVID I. GILMICRE identified voice on\nRecord Cuts 270. 2 and in 33 that C-2 Crohen Annie. In signed\nstatement GILMORE advited that Cruhen Annie conducted the\nZero Hour program which he heard in the Marianna Islands\nduring 1944 while he was with L. S. Marine Corps. This\nprogram featured popular American SOUTS and comments by\nCrohan Annio describing the pleasant life end good times\nback in the United States. GELMORE advised that zoice -\nCrohan 13 not that C2 +:- announcer re knew 35 TOWO\nRCE, who conducted 3 radio Guring -he same period\nfeaturing uro-Jananess DOWS broadcasts and COMMISS from\nand about U. S. Prischers of Her telling how well they were\ntreated. GILMORE stated voice on Record Cut No. 1 was the\nvoice of ToKyc ROSE. >\nP -\nBureau File\nSen Francisco teletype to El Paso dated 4-15-49.\nLos Angeles letter to Director dated 8-11-48.\nDETAILS:\nThe phonograph records described in the referenced letter\nfrom Los Angeles to the Bureau were played to SE DAVID I.\nGILMORE in the E1 Paso Office. After listening to these\nrecords GILMORE furnished the following information in the\nform of a signed statement:\n\"April 19, 1949\nEl Paso, Texas\"\n\"I, David I. Gilmore, made the following statement to\nPrincipal FORD LIBRARY\nEP\n\"Fredorick 4. Johns, who has identified himself to me\nas a Special Agent of the Federal Surcau of\" Investigation.\nI make this statement froely and willingly.\n\"I have just finished listcning to a phonograph record\ncontaining 3 scparate cuts. For identification purposes I\nhave marked this record with =y initials, D.I.G. and the date\n4-19-49.\n\"I recognize the voice on cuts two and thrce as the radio\nvoice I knew as Crphan Annic. The woman who identified hersclf\nas Orphan Annic during 1944 conducted a radio program from\nTokyo known as the \"Zoro Hour\". To the bost of my recollection.\nthe \"Zero Hour\" was heard by me at approximately 7:30 PM\nMarianna Islands time from July of 1944 to Cctober of 1944.\nAt this time I was the radio opcrator on combat duty with the\nrank of Corporal with the Sccond Marino Division, Second Joint\nBeach Assault Force. I first became acquainted with this\nprogram during the strugglo for Tinian, H.I. I listened to\nthis program irrogularly. During the first month I listened\nnearly every night and afterwards only once or twice a month.\nThe \"Zoro Hour\" consisted of songs popular in the United States\nbefore World :ar II, together with comments by the announcer,\nOrphan Annic. I recall one specific program, broadcast shortly\nafter the Tinian Campaign began, in which Orphan Annic, in a\nfriendly mannor, said that she was going to play the following\nrecord for the boys on Tinian. The record was ontitled \"Moon\nOver Miami\". After saying this Orrhan Annic asked \"How's the\nmoon over Tinian tonight, boys?\" She then went on to say\nbefore the rocord was played that the boys and girls back in\nMiami were enjoying the bcautiful Miami moón and warm brooze.\nI also definitely recall that Orphan Annie, on other occasions\nplayed \"Deep in the Hcart of Texas\" and \"Star Dust\".\n\"I do not recall that this person ever described herself\nin any other way than as Orphan Annic.\n\"As to the \"Zero Hour\" programs, I recall that Orphan\nAnnic's comment repeatedly described the pleasant life back\nhome in the United States and the fun peoplo were having there\nwhilo WC were fighting in the Pacific.\n\"I have read this and two other pages, understand it and\nit is truc.\n/s/ DAVID I. GILMONE\nFORD\nWitnessed:\n/s/ Frodcrick A. Johns'\nSpecial Agent, FBI, El Paso.\nWHRALD\nLIBRARY\n- 2\nIt should be noted that the voice on Cuts No. 2 and 3, on the phonograph\nrecords identifies itself as IVA TOGUMI and OREHAN ANTE.\nSE DAVID I. CILMORE further advised that the voice on Cut No. 1 of the\nabove montioned thoncorrath record was that of TOKYO ROSE an entircly\ndifferent person from the one whose voico was recorded in Cuts 2 and\n3 of this record.\nSE GILMORE furnished the following information in the form of a signed\nstatement regarding TOKYO ROSE:\n\"April 19, 1949\nEl Paso, Toxas\n\"I, David I. Gilmore, make the following statement to\nFroderick 1-. Johns who has identified himself to me as a\nSpecial Agent of the Federal Euronu of Invostigation. I make\nthis staten It freely and willingly.\n\"I have just finished listening to 3 phonograph record\ncontaining 3 scparate cuts. For the purposes of identification\nI have marked this record with my initials, D.I.G. and the date,\n4-19-49.\n\"Cut #1 was recognized by me as the voice I knew as that of\nTOKYO ROSE.\n\"I have previously listened to radio news broadcasts by a\nwoman's voico. This individual identified herself as Tokyo Rose.\nThese broadcasts were heard by me at approximately 4:45 PM, local\ntime, Marianna Islands, irregularly from Junc, 1944 to March, 1945.\nAt this time I was a radio operator with rank of Corporal on duty\nwith the Second Marine Division, Second Joint Beach Assault Force.\nDuring this period I listoned to the Tokyo Rose broadcasts irregular.\nSometimes I would liston to the program cveryday for a week, then nc\nlisten for a month and then resume listening for several days.\n\"In all the broadcasts I heard, this announcer identified her-\nsolf only as Tokyo Ross. I recall that her voice impressed me as\nbeing that of a person who spoke perfect English with no trace of a\nforcign accont.\n\"In addition to nows broadcasts, Tokyo Rosc also broadcast\"\n- 3\nGERALD'S LIBRARY FORD\n\"messages supposedly coming from American prisoners of war.\nAt other times, men's voiccs supposedly those of the prisoncrs\nof war themsolves were heard. At the time I wrote down the\nnames and addresses none of which I now recall of the American\nMar prisoners intending to write to thcir familios. However,\nI nover got around to so writing. Later on this list of names\nand addresses was lost.\n\"In these broadcasts, Tokyo Rose never made any romarks\nderogatory to the Japanesc. In general she and the supposed\nAmerican prisoners of war, said that the American prisoncrs\nwere in good hcalth and being treated very kindly.\n\"Tho voice I know as Tokyo Rose frequently exaggerated and\ndi storted military engagements taking place at that time. As\nan example of this, I personally witnessed an acrial dogfight\nbetween Amorican and Japanese planes on the evening of June 15,\n1944 over the harbor at the Island of Saipan. I recall the\ndate because it was my first night in combat and was D Day\nat Saipan. I\"later heard Tokyo Rose describe over the radio the\nabove montioned acrial combat and sho said that the Japanese\nplancs had destroyed 40 odd American planes and had sunk several\nships in the harbor. To the best of my knowledge, this acrial\ncombat resulted in the Japanose planos bcing driven off and with\nno casulties to either sido.\n\"I have read the above on this and three other pages,\nunderstand it and it is truc.\n/8/ DAVID I. GILMORE\nWITNESSED:\n/s/ FREDERICK A. JOHNS\nSpecial Agent, FBI, E1 Paso, Texas.\nThe phonograph record referred to above and initialed by SE GILMORE\nis being retained in the El Paso Office.\nIncl. to San Francisco:\nOne signed statement by SE DAVID I. GILMORE,\nregarding Orphan Annic;\nOne signed statement by SE DAVID I. GILMORE,\nGERALD P FORD\nrogarding Tokyo Roso.\n-PENDING-\nde 4 -\n32\n1\n\"Q. Any statement made as to the reasons why she broad-\n2\ncast?\n3\n\"A. She said she broadcast because the job paid more than\n4\ni\nher typist Job. And it was more interesting. She enjoyed\n5\nthe contacts and her surroundings, and she thought she\n6\nmight be able to find a'future in radio work.\"\n7\nShe also, in her interview with Mr. Kinney, discussed the\n8\nquestion of \"Tokyo Rose.\" [I don't think the element of \"Tokyo\n9\nRose,\" or \"Who is Tokyo Rose?\" is of any importance in this\n10\ncase. Nobody broadcast from Radio Tokyo under the name of\n11\nTokyo Rose. Apparently it was simply a name given, facetiously,\n12\nby the GIs to some woman announcer of Radio Tokyo.\nBut this\n13\ndefendant seems to have accepted the appellation. Covernment's\n14\nExhibit No. 2, the yen note which she gave to Eisenhart, a\n15\nguard in the Yokohama prison, bears her signature, \"Iva Ikuko\n16\nToguri D Aquino, Tokyo Rose.\" Other souvenirs that she gave\n17\naway in the fórm of script, she invariably added the words\n18\n\"Tokyo Rose.\" She said she did 1t at the request of the donee,\n19\nto whom she was giving the script. Well, even so, even if a\n20\ndonee requested her to sign \"Tokyo Rose,\" if she didn't feel\n21\nthat she was the person referred to as Tokyo Rose, it isn't\n22\nlikely that she would sign 1ts.\n23\n[we are more concerned in this case with \"Orphan Annie,\"\n24\nladies and gentlemen, than with Tokyo Rose. And there is only\n25\none Orphan Annie broadcasting from Radio Tokyo, and that was\nGERALD FORD LIBRARY\nFEDERAL COURT REPORTERS\nOfficial Reporters\nUnited States District Court\nNorthern District of California\nOffice Memorandum\nUNITED STATES GOVERNMENT\nTO\n: Raymond P. Whearty, Esquire\nDATE: May 25, 1948\nFROM : Tom DeNolfe\nTED'LA\nSUBJECT:\nIva Toguri\n146-28-1941\nSTATEMENT OF CASE\nReference is made to the abovs-entitled prospective treason\nprosecution, presently panding in the Department. Subject is not\nunder restraint or in custody, and no criminal proceedings have\never bsen instituted against her in the United States.\nSubject will be 32 years of aga on 4 July next. She is a\nNisei, having been born in California of Japanese non-United States-\ncitizen parentage. She graduated from the University of California,\nLos Angeles Branch, in 1940.\nHer aunt was ill in Tokyo and subject's mother, being of U.l.e\nsound health, requested subject in the summer of 1941 to proceed\nto the Orient for the purpose of nursing subject's aunt. In July\n1941, lacking a passport but provided with a certificate of\nTHE\nidentification, subject sailed from southern California to the\nOrient. Having mada the voyago without 2. passport and wishing to\nsecure one, she visited the American Embassy in Tokyo and executed\nthe appropriate application. In the latter part of November 1941\nshe wished to return to the United States. She again visited the\nAmerican Embassy for the purpose of obtaining a passport and vas\nadvised by American Fabassy officials that they had received no\nauthorization from Washington to issue her a passport. However;\nthe Embassy furnished her with a letter at that time stating that\nan application had been made for a passport. With this letter an\nattempt was mada by subject to book passage on a ship scheduled\nto sail for the United States on 2 December 1941. She then learned\nthat a permit was necessary from the Japanese Finance Ministry\nauthorizing and empowering her to take out of Japan the money she\nhad brought with her there from the United States. Before this per-\nmit was obtainable the ship had sailed and subject was left in\nJapan'at the beginning of the war on 8 December 194T.\nSeen pm\n146-28-1941\nFinding it difficult to adjust herself among the citizenry\nof Tokyo through her inability to speak the Japanesa language\nsubject enrolled in the School of Jananese Language and Culture\n1948\nin Tokyo shortly after her arrival and continued to attend this\nschool until December 1942. Early in 1942 she was advised that\nUnited States citizens desiring evacuation to the-United States\nI.D\nshould make application at the Swiss Legation. She was advised\nFiLE\nthat the passage would cost approximately $400 and that it would\nbe necessary for her to pay the cost of the passage either before\nshe left Japan or for someone in the United States to guarantee\npayment on her arrival in this country. Furthermore, she was\ntold by the Swiss Legation that because of the fact that she was\nwithout a passport there was little chance that she would be\nevacuated to America on the first repatriation ship. In September\n1942 she again went to the Swiss Legation in an endeavor to secure\npassage to New York on the Gripsholm out was unable to raise the\namount of money required for the passage. After this occurrence\nshe registered at a Japanese ward police station as an alien and\ncontinuously thereafter until the fall of Japan was under the\nsurvsillance and scrutiny of the Japanese police.\nWith her funds becoming exhausted in July 1942 she obtained\nemployment with the Japanese Domei News Agency as a typist in the\nmonitoring section. In August 1943 subject obtained a part-\ntime position as a typist with Radio Tokyo, in which type of work\nshe was engaged until November 1943. In November 1943, at the\ninstigation of one Major Charles Cousens, an Australian prisoner\nof war, subject was selected through the medium of a voice test\nto participate as an announcer on Radio Tokyo's program called\n\"Zero Hour\". She worked in this capacity approximately five days\na week until 13 August 1945.\nThree prisoners of war, to wit, Lieutenant Norman Reyes\n(Filipino), Major Wallace E. Ince (American), Major Charles Cousens\n(Australian), were in charge of the production of Radio Tokyo's\n\"Zero Hour\" broadcasting activities for the Japanese Government.\nThese three men have all been cleared by their respective govern-\n? ments of any charge of treasonous activity in connection with\ntheir alleged broadcasting work. They will be the three most in-\nportant witnesses against subject if an indictment should be re-\nturned against her by 2 grand jury in a United States court. They\nwill testify that subject broadcast no information of military or\nintelligence value and at no time beaned anything to troops in the\nsouthwest Pacific of a propagandistic nature. Her sole work,\naccording to these witnesses, consisted of introducing musical\nrecordings which were beaned to Allied troops in the southwest\nPacific. They will testify that they selected subject as an an-\nnouncer because she was the only woman available, white or Misei,\nwhom they could trust not to betray to the Japanese their efforts\nto sabotage any propaganda which the Japanese might and would at-\ntempt to broadcast to American trocps then fighting in the Asiatic\nTheater. The three men above mentioned will testify that subject\nwas likewise selected by them because she possessed a masculine\nRAID -2- FORD LIBRARY\nvoice which it was thought would not be attractive to Allied\nsoldiers and fighting men in the Pacific. They will testify that\nsubject never worked at the radio station more than two hours a\nday in the afternoon for five days a week in connection with her\npreparation for and actual broadcasting of the introductions to\nthe musical recordings aforesaid. In order to earn 2 living to\nsustain herself subject was forced at the conclusion of her 20en\nminute portion of the program in question to work at the Danish\nLegation in Tokyo. The witnesses above mentioned will likewise\ntestify that subject on some occasions made every endeavor to see\nthat propagandistic matter was not inserted in or utilized by the\n\"Zero Hour\" program. Sha frequently expressed pro-American\nsentiments in the presence of many witnesses and often evinced\nthe wish and desire, when Japanese officials were not present,\nthat the war would end soon and that the United States, her native\nland, would emerge victorious therefrom.\nThe three prisoners of war above mentioned who were instru-\nmental in carrying out the program known as the \"Zero Eour\" and\nothers will testify that subject aided American prisoners of\nwar and often brought them food and sustenance. The three\nprisoners of war above mentioned were, during a major portion of\ntheir broadcasting activity, housed in a rather luxurious Japanese\nhotel and were not under any more police surveillance than subject.\nThey seem just as much, or more, culpable than she, The scripts of\nher programs seem totally innocuous and might be said to have\nlittle, if any, entertainment value. The scripts containing the\nintroductions to musical recordings, which scripts subject read over\nthe air, were for the most part written for her in their entirety\nby Major Cousens (Australian prisoner of war).\nThe evidence at hand discloses that the appellation \"Tokyo\nRose\" was never used by subject but was one indiscriminately given\nto subject or any one of five female announcers working at Radio\nTokyo.\nTHERE IS INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE TO MAZE OUT\nA PRIMA FACIE CASE.\nIf an indictment is returned against subject by Federal grand\nvenire men in the appropriate Federal judicial district the three\nAllied prisoners of war, Major Charles Cousens (Australian), Major\nWallace E. Incs (American), and Lieutenant Norman Reyes (Filisino).\nwill be necessary and material witnesses for and on behalf of the\nUnited States against subject at the trial on the merits before a\npetit jury. These witnesses have all been cleared of any charge\nof treasonable activity in connection with their work for Padio\nFORD LIBRARY\nTokyo. According to the available facts they were under 20 more\nduress or compulsion than was subject. As Government witnesses\nthe Government will as a matter of law be forced to vouch for the\ntruth of their testimony. They will tastify to facts which will\ndisclose as a part of the Government's case in chief that defendant\nlacked the requisite intent to betray. It must be proved that the\naccused acted with an intention and purcose to betray or there ia\nno treason. Cramer V. United States, 325 U. S. 1, 32,\nHere, anticipating the interposition of a motion for judgment of\nacquittal and assuming the verity of the testimony of the Government\nwitnesses and all reasonable inferences that may be drawn therefrom,\nstill the Government's case must fail as a matter of law because the\ntestimony of the Government will disclose that subject did not adhers\nto the enemy or 0033933 the requisite disloyal state of mind.\nCramer V. United States, 325 J. S, 1, 30. If the situation vors such\nthat witnesses were available to testify that defendant actually\nbroadcast propaganda to American troops in an endeavor to lower their\nmorale and hinder and impede the American war effort and the defense\nproduced evidence to combat said Government testimony, then a jury\nquestion would be presented but that is not the situation here.\nThe Government witnesses, almost to a man, will testify to facts\nwhich show that subject was pro-imerican, wished to return to the United\nStates and tried so to do prior to Pearl Harbor, attempted unsuccess-\nully to return to the United States in 1942, and beaned to American\ntroops only the introduction to innocuous musical recordings. The\nGovernment's evidence likewise will show that subject was a trusted\nand selected agent of the Allied prisoners of war, yes selected her\nas the one they could trust not to sabotage their efforts against the\nsuccess of the Jananese propaganda machine. In other words, the\ntestimony which the Government will offer will not males out a case\nsufficient as a matter of law to withstand a mation for an instructed\nverdict.\nIt is also believed that the two overt acts against subject which\nare presently available, i.e. proof from Reyes and Ince, prisoners\nof war, that subject broadcast two scripts in March 1944, are from\na factual and trial standpoint insufficient as a matter of law. The\ntwo overt acts adverted to refer to broadcasts by subject which are\nnothing but introductions to musical recordings. There i3 no proof\navailable that when subject committed said acts she intended to\nbetray the United States by means of said acts. Cramer 7, United\nStates, 325 U. S. 1, 31. Such proof is a vital element of the\nGovernment's case before submission of the same to a trial jury is\nwarranted. The available proof on the overt acts committed by sub-\nject, i.e. broadcasting of two introductions to musical recordings\nin 1944, will rot from a trial standpoint SAOW that said acts were acts\nin furtherance of the Japanese war effort. In the treason trials\nGERALD\nFORD\nrecently successfully concluded in Boston, Federal Judge Ford\nheld as a matter of law that in order for an overt act to be suf-\nficient to warrant submission of the same to the jury the proof\nthereon must show that the same was actually committed for the\npurpose of furthering the enemy's war effort.\nThere is no available evidence unon which 3 reasonable mind\nmight fairly conclude guilt beyond 2 reasonable doubt and con-\nsequently a motion for 2 judgment of acquittal under F.R. Crim. 2.\n29(a) would probably be granted by the trial court. Curley T.\nUnited States, 160 F. (2d) 229, cert. den. 67 S. Ct. 1511,\nThe statement of defendant given to Bureau Agent Tillman might\nnot be admissible in evidence due to the fact that subject was\nin military custody at the time and had been for some time without\nany military or civil charges ever having been brought against\nher. United States 7. Bayer, 331 U. S. 532. Similar statements\ngiven to Department of Justice lawyers under similar circumstances\nwers ruled out in recent treason trials in the Federal Judicial\nDistrict of Massachusetts, although their admissibility was\nstrenuously urged by the Government. The proof available on the\nmerits in the treason cases successfully concluded during the past\nyear in Boston showed that the defendants in those cases expressed\npro-German and anti-American sentiments, broadcast propaganda from\nBerlin over the German Radio, intended to dissuade American\ncitizenry from supporting the American war effort, and broadcast\nmilitary information and information concerning the maritime losses\nof the Allied merchant marine, all obviously calculated and intended\nto imeda and hamper the American war effort and lower the morals of\nAmerican citizens. The type and quantum of the proof available in\nthe case against subject is the direct antithesis of that available\nand utilized in the Boston litigation aforesaid.\nThe so-called \"confession\" or \"admission against interest\"\ngiven by subject to newspaper men Lee and Brundidge was given only\nafter those gentlemen offered subject $2,000 for exclusive rights\nfor subject's story, which was to be given to the Cosmopolitan\nMagazine, which journalistic enterprise said newspaper men represented.\nOf course, Lee and Brundidge at the time were not acting under the\nauthorization of the Department of Justice but were acting in their\nprivate capacity. Any inducements held out by 3. private person who\nis not occupying a position of authority to secure a confession do\nnot per se render the same inadmissible. United States T. Stone,\n8 Fed. 232, Stelmer To United States, 134 F. (2d) 931 (C.C.A. 5),\ncert. den. 319 U. S. 774, 87 L. Ed. 1721. Howsver, the methods by\nLIBRARY GERALD ? FORD\n-5-\nwhich these newspaper men obtained the so-called \"admission against\ninterest\" or \"confession\" from subject appear at least questionable\nand of doubtful propriety and would, no doubt, be submitted to the\ntrial jury by the court for the purpose of enabling the petit venire\nmen to determine whether or no the same was voluntarily obtained and\nwas given by the defendant of her own free will.\nRECOMMERDABION\nShould the Department disagree with the views herein expressed\nand desire the case against subject to 08 presented to a Federal\ngrand jury it is recomended that a => true bill be cought. Should\nan indictment be returned against subject under the applicable orom\nvisions of Title 18 U.S.C. Sec. 1 (treason) and the cause oushed for\ntrial on its merits before a petit jury it is recommended that every\npossible effort be made to secure Federal Communications Commission\nrecords of monitorings 01 subject's broadcasts, which were until\nrecently in the possession of the Federal Bureau of Investigation,\ntogether with the Naval sound track film and also the Naval Government\nrecordings made of subject's voice in Guan, which matters are fre-\nquently mentioned in the numerous reports of the Bureau, which will\nbe found scattered throughout the various sections of the file in this\ncasa.\nLIBRARY RALD FORD\n:-6-\nAIR MAIL\nNovember 12, 1948.\nPERSONAL AID CONFIDENTIAL.\nAlexander H. Cambell. Esn..\nAssistant Attorney Genoral,\ncopy seed Merity\nDepartment of Justice,\nlast\nWashington, D. C.\nRo: United States V. Ive Toguri D'Aquino\n146-28-1941\nYour ref: 146-23-1941\n17\n1940\nRo: Wallace Elwell Ince\nYour ref: 146-23-2001.\nCRIM\nINTERNAL\nLy dear Alex:\nIn the first Case above nontioned, a treason indictment was\nreturned against defendent here last month. In the second case above\nmentioned, an investigation is under way against subject who is a treason\nsuspect, and who for some time has been n regular United States Army officer.\nI heard today that the Foderal Bureau of Investigation is not\nin a position to corply with our request for an immediate investigation in\nthe Orient of the Incto in these cases,\nI presented the D'Amuino case to the grand jury here end Pro vince\npersonally explained to the complement of the same their functions, provisions\nand prerogatives.\nI think in retrospect that I personally presented the evidence in\nthe case against the D' \"Aguino woman here before the panel of Federal Grand\nveniromen in a rather forceful manner. I told the grind talemen that the\ncase AC to Colonel Ince, Drs. D'Anuino's superior on Radio Hokyo, would be\npresented to a Federal frand jury here in the imedinte future, after an ex-\nhaustive, factual investigntion of the same in the Crient had been undertaken.\nIf the above action had not been taken by no. I believe that the\ngrand jury would have returned a no true bill against Mrs. D'Aquino.\nI personally believe that if General Tom Clark and General Ford\nwere cognizant 02 the facts above mentioned, they. or either of them. would\nimmodiately request Director Hoover to Isanch a factual investi sation on\nthe nerits in the above mentioned matters in the Oricnt.\nLIBRARY GERALD FORD\nAloxander H. Campbell, Esq.\nPage $2.\nNovember 12, 1948\nI have written a separate letter concerning this natter\nofficially to the Department under separate cover, directing the same to\nthe attention of the First Assistant, Reymond ?. thearty.\nyour\nWith kind personal regards, I renain\nRespectfully,\nTOM DE WORKS\nBERALD R. FORD LIBRANT\nADDP ALL COMMUNICATIONS TO\nUNIT STATESATTORNEY\nAND REFER TO INITIALS AND NUMBER\nDEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE\neil Pr\nUNITED STATES ATTORNEY\nRECEIVED\nNORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA\nSAN FRANCISCO 1\n17 1949\nDivision\nJanuary 12, 1949\nAlexander M. Campbell, Esq.,\nAssistant Attorney General,\n146-28-1941\nDepartment of Justice,\nPOSTICE\nWashington, D. C.\nJAN 17 1949\nSir:\nCRIM.-INTERNAL\nRe: United States V. Iva Toguri D'Aquino\nSECURITY\nSEC.\n(Your Ref: 146-38-1941)\nB.V.\nReference is made to the above entitled treason prosecution\npresently pending in this jurisdiction.\nOn page 5, Exhibit 20 of the confidential report of the\nCounter-Intelligence Corps, Department of the Army, which report was\nforwarded to the Department of Justice by War Department letter dated\nFORD\n6 June, 1945, we find the following pertinent paragraph which is quoted\nverbatim:\nGERALD\n\"The file contains a memorandum dated October 22,\n1943, prepared by Mrs. Ruth Shipley, Chief, Passport Division,\nState Department, pointing out that on December 8, 1941,\nIkuko Toguri had applied for a passport in Tokyo, having\nleft the United States in July 1941 without an American\npassport. No instructions were sent to Ikuko Toguri 2s to\nher status due to the outbreak of war, but the Department\nhad ruled that she was entitled to a passport to return to\nReify\nthe United States. This memorandum concludes as follows:\nThe presumption of having ceased to be an American citizen\nis now resting against her under provisions of Section 402\nof the Nationality Act of 1940. H\nIt is believed that it would be well for the Department\nto have Mr. Hogan or some other person proceed immediately to the\nDepartment of State for the purpose of reviewing their file in this matter,\nand conferring with experts at the Department of State concerning the\nquestion of any presumption of expatriation that may exist in defendant's\nfavor. An explanation and interpretetion by qualified experts from the\nState Department as to the portion of the memorandum above quoted would\nbe beneficial and helpful. There is, of course, plenty of evidence\navailable that during the time that she broadcast, defendant was not\nserving in the armed forces of the Imperial Japanese Government, and\nHopen\nAlexander M. Campbell, Esq.\n-2-\nJamiary 12, 1949.\nthat she did not occupy any position for which only Japanese nationals\nwere eligible. Time being of the essence, I should, of course, be\nadvised immediately as to the result of the research and interview\nabove suggested.\nThe Department's attention is called to the provisions of\nTitle 8 U.S.C. Sec. 802, which is the applicable statutory provision\nconcerning the legal presumption of expatriation referred to in the\nState Department memorandum above quoted. The Justice Department's\nlegal visws on the question herein discussed are likevise desired.\nThe Department will be kept advised as to all material\ndevelopments that ensue herein.\nRespectfully,\nFRANK J. HENNESSY\nUnited States Attorney\nLIBRARY GERALD P FORD\nFORM NO. 34\nOffice Memorandum\nUNITED STATES GOVERNMENT\nTO\n: The Files\nDATE: May 26, 1949\nFROM : John 3n Hogan\nJBH:nnv\n146-28-1941\nSUBJECT: United States is Iva Toguri D'Aquino\nThis afternoon, Harry T. Brundidge telephoned me from\nNew York and advised that the information he was about to give he\nhad received in confidence but falt that the Government should have\nit.\nClark Lee prepared and submitted to International News\nService for publication a series of six articles. The title and\nthe general subject matter of these articles were unknown to Mr.\nBrundidge. He stated that among other things the series included\na most bitter and vitriolic demunication of the Government for\nhaving even considered a prosecution of the defendant in this case.\nThe language of the article was 30 bitter against the Government\nthat Mr. Barry Ferris, Editor and Chief of INS, returned it to Lee\nrefusing to have anything to do with his publication. It was Mr.\nFerris who gave this information to Mr. Brundidge. The conclusion\nwhich Mr. Brundidge draws from the above facts is that Lee will most\nlikely be extramely sympathetic to the defendent if called to the\nstand by the Government.\nMr. Brundidge told me in addition that he had seen a\nnewspaper clipping which stated that Clark Lee and his wife will\nleave Monterey, California, on June 2, 1949, for 2 trip to Europe.\nBERALD FORD LIBRARY\nNores ay jury foreman\nJohn mann 1949\n\"hese we were to have around everytime wa left the building, Court stayed in\nsession, recessing but reconvening for each request the jury had for testimony\nC-2' evidence. The crowd stayed on: On Monday night at 11:00 p.m when we\nreturned to the courtroom prior to adjourning to the hotel for the night, there\nwas a fully packed courtroom\n/ All Monday afternoon and all day Tuesday we vent through the judge's\nlengthy instructions, especially the essential elements as listed in relation\nto each of the overt acts, There was at considerable feeling in the jury that\nR.\nquestion toiled down to the sixth essential element which provided that she\nthere were grounds for acquittal Insofar as most of the overt acts were CODEO GERAL\nFORD\ncerned, there was a general opinion that they had been committed, but the\nmust have had intent to betray the United States, It was decided on Monday\nLIBRARY\nthat we would eliminate all overt acts except five and six, which alleged that\nshe wrote the script and brcadcast about the loss of ships / As the essential\nelements were progressive in character, we started with No 1 and agreed usen.\ninously all the way up through No. 5 and into No, ó where we divided over the\nmatter of intent which is of importance in any crininal case Nos, 7 and 3\nwere readily agreed to provided we could decide on No: 6.,\nBy Tuesday evening we had made little progress beyond a point reached\non Tuesday a,n, at 9:30 when a ballot resulted in 9 to 3 for convictiony Means\nwhile we had requested much of the testimony and mary exhibits and for each\nrequest we were recalled to the courtroom and cur request transmitted to attornies\nfor both sides to stipulate agreement to our request It was very difficult to\nrequest specific testimory without divulging to the courtrcom the nature c= our\núeliterations,\nOn Tuesday evening it was decided to notify the Court that we were\nhopelessly deadlocked, This was done and the judge culled us in and notified us\nonce again of the importance of the case, the terrific expense already insurred\nend the fact that another three months' trial was impending if we went undecided.\nHe told us the instructions given the United States Marshalls were that ve should\nbe permitted to deliberate at any time we chose to go to meals at any tice and\nto retire when we chose, tut for us to go back to the jury room and make every\nattempt possible to reach a verdict,\nThe Marshalls were extremely careful with us. We could speak to no\none, telephones were cut off in our hotel rooms, radios removed: we could not\nread any papers or get in touch ith our families except through the Marshall's\nOffice I had brought 2 razor along but by Wednesday I requested the Marshall\nto phone a young lady in our office requesting she purchase e at change of\nclothes. This she did most satisfactorily and a very welcome change arrived,\nTon Wednesday we argued and debated with little progress, although at\ntires some of the jurors waivered tempcrari.y, but lines were pretty well drawn\nwith nine for conviction and three of us for acquittal. Most of the response.\nbility for the acquittal arguments depended cn a lady jurer and E, with if\ncatching the brunt of it,\nCur contentions for acquittal were based on those instructions which said\nthe defendant was presured innocent until proven guilty and that it was up to\nthe prosecution to make that proof beyond any reasorable doubt. Added to that\nwas the statement in essential element No, 6 that aiding the enery was not\ntreason in itself unless there was intent to tetray the United States.\nInrues were becoming heated xents were hold and 11 VIS\npretty JUIT that retired on Todnebuay : did not $200 to pleap\nmtil almost 1:00 S.A.\nThursday started out where TO 1:15 off on Kednapday, Ve 11d request\nfurther trinscripts of testinomy but DCC with much have as 1t ves metter MM-\ncult DOV to change any opinions. At 5000 р,д, VP = misted clarificati from\nthe judge on intent definitions L3 contained in the insuructions. At 6:00 ,=,\nhe called is into court and answered the comest by saying that we should\neider the instructions as St whole and not pick any intervidual parts for as use,\nHe then suggested that we retire for disnor or for the evening.\nWe returned to the juryruce and feeling timt the dge's comments vere\nin the nature of at denial of clarification 0: the case CT signttal, the Noses\nof us decided to acquiesce and make a quilty verdict\nWe voted on each of the overt acts and there was & unanizous\nvote on Overt Act No. 6, the wondcast about the supposed loss of all Aurican\nships and the fact that the G.:, S could not get houe, On all of the CTARMS\nthere was unanimity on a \"not guilty\" Vardiet,\nGERALD\nFORD\nAs foreman of the jury I imote the verdict and signed :- and\nthen on ar individual verdict for each overt 20% duly inserted \"I.O\" :: 20-\ndicate the jury's vote except on To, 6 where \"yes was inserted. I signed this\nand then at very solem and was jury sent word to the Judge that we Mi greed\nfinally,\nThe drams in the Courtrons bad increased Ath Book of CUD return trips\nto court as each trip was a possible resided. : V10 under the ampression THE\nES jury fureman I mut read the werding; and in = of the tense situation, 1-;\nwas certain that IC sound would be forthresing MAST : opened = mouth.\nFortunately the courtroom was particlly noty when returned, as\nzost of the people had assumed the jury bei retired. AS we filed 1n no 55\nlooked at the defendant, the counsel tables, the press table = the audience.\nFace the Judge's request, : rose and book the verdicts from If 17.\nside coat pocket. My relief was tremendous when :- asked that = hand it to the\nclerk who, in turn, passed 1± 00 to the Judge, who with on implicable COMPLA\nnance looked through the several pages. E: then returned it to the clark with\nthe request that he advise the court of the jury's lecision, The clerk's voice\nfaltered slightly == the very silent recm as he read, \"Cuilty.\"\nImmediately 2 rather disappointed \"oh\" ran through the court and the\nMarshalls quieted the room with some difficulty, The verdict on each of the\neight overt acts Was read and then 23c: :: the jurcrs yas polled '6' rate to\nenswer is the verdict so reached was his wish,\nThe Judge then advised the jry that :e Ind been artrenely patient and\nable in the longest trial in San Francisco thanked US and dismosed us into the\nkands of the reporters and photographers, Attempts to get a.ay without an inter\nview were impossible, and although we were non-commital, the papers and the\ndie very shortly cad a rather accurate account,\ntecluding who ware the hald\nouts. info mation which all purors had agreed no\nrulge Information since\ndetained indicated that the reporters, lawyers and\nablachos had already\nonde it fungly good analysis of each jurcr They\ninticipated that I would ice\nthe foreman bad figured that two others and I words for had bloked\nthe that would stand for conviction and had for\n:\nvould\nfollow\nthe\nmajornty\nthe of the jurers they could not figure The\nICT\n23.1\nbeen\nclassed\nas for accuittal and the press and the infense\nthat\nsie\nwould\nbe\ncalled 12 50 serve for that reason The arazing == all this 1.3 that they\nwere for shead of the members of the jung who 02 .0.200 had third similar\nanalysis Also amzing 13 the fact that as for all I had DOG inde up my\nmind until after the Judge S instructions and so 126 not 200W regarding myself.\nThroughout the entire trial the jurcrs were non consitted and apparently Very\nimpartial in their attitudes. All of us were very annoyed 52 times by the de\nlaying and time consuming tactics of the defense All 348 the highest admiration\nand respect for the father sister and brother of the defaniant, who were in\ncourt daily and in every manner and movement acted as refined, reserved and\nrespected folks.\nThe chief prosecuting attorney was 2 very able chap, quite wise 10\njury handling and used to making every nove and word count I&t many prose\ncution witnesses actually did more for the defense and 'cy the same token the\nactions of some defense witnesses were of considerable assistar to the prosecu-\ntion\nThe entire trial was an education to those who listened Our legal\nunderstanding is ruch advanced. our knowledge of Capan and its people is greater\nour Pacific Geography is extanded. we know more of our Government, the Army and\nthe State snd Justice Departments. We have seen and listened to people of fame,\nwe have heard much of the inside of radio broadeasting, the use and methods of\npropaganda we saw admitted to evidence = range * items from yen notes. to\nmilitary maps, to radio beam charts, CO at photostated copy of 3 treaty mde by\nthe Swiss Covernment between Japan and the United States wherein it, was mutually\nagreed to abide by the Geneva Convention in respect to prisoners of :25 It 13\ndifficult to describe the dram of = acternational treason trial,\nSome of the jurors were naturally unhappy with the verdict, It W2C felt\nthat is the interests of strict justice alone as == is ideally held in the\nAmerican mind, and free from emotion and prejudice that the prosecution 8+d\nnot Drove gift beyond a reasonable doubt The cress table had voted 9 to I\nis\nthat the defendant would be acquitted, A22 personnel WHO handled her during\nFORD\nyear in the County Jail were extremaly sympathetic to her, See counsel who\nwere acting without fee: were acting as crusaders in pursuit of what they be,\nGERADD\nlieved was justice,\nLIBRARY\nThe newspapers even in view of the personal opinions of the press who\ncovered the trial, were very fair in comment and editorials. it have seen such\nitems from various parts of the country and have been surprised at the general\nfairness of their statements I made cne statement following the verdict to the\neffect that although there is a desire 00 the part of a large cortion of the\njury towards acquittal. it :- difficult to do other than WE did in VISW of the\nCourt's instructions. This quoted considerably It is a very truthful state,\nment and I believe it explains clearly the action of the jury/\nOn Cotober 6, Judge Roche sentenced the defendant to ten years and a\n$10,000 fine The defense has appealed\nAlthough it was as: interesting and educational experience I am glad it\nis over and would not want. to do it again,"
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