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Silver piece from Samuel Kirk and Son were centerpieces for this dinner. Mrs. Betty Ford wore a dress designed by Halston for this event.
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51759240
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State Dinners - 10/2/75 - Japan (2)
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51759240
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document
title
State Dinners - 10/2/75 - Japan (2)
description
Silver piece from Samuel Kirk and Son were centerpieces for this dinner. Mrs. Betty Ford wore a dress designed by Halston for this event.
citationUrl
collections
Sheila R. Weidenfeld Files (Ford Administration)
Sheila Weidenfeld's State Visits Files
subjects
Japan
President (1974-1977 : Ford). Office of the First Lady. 1974-1977
Clothing and dress
Dinners and dining
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51759240
coverageEndDate
logicalDate
1975-10-31
month
10
year
1975
coverageStartDate
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1975-10-01
month
10
year
1975
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nara-archive
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1
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0
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b16e1873f2f4a3fc
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The original documents are located in Box 32, folder "State Dinners - 10/2/75 - Japan
(2)" of the Sheila Weidenfeld Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
Copyright Notice
The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of
photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald Ford donated to the United
States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections.
Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public
domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to
remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid
copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
Digitized from Box 32 of the Sheila Weidenfeld Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library
THE STATE VISIT
OF
THEIR MAJESTIES
THE EMPEROR AND THE EMPRESS
OF JAPAN
TO
THE UNITED STATES
OCTOBER 1975
DETAILED SCENARIO
MEMBERS OF THE OFFICIAL JAPANESE PARTY
His Majesty the Emperor of Japan
Her Majesty the Empress of Japan
His Excellency Takeo Fukuda
Deputy Prime Minister
His Excellency Takeshi Yasukawa
Ambassador of Japan to the United States
Mrs. Yasukawa
His Excellency Takeshi Usami
Grand Steward, Imperial Household Agency
His Excellency Sukemasa Irie
Grand Chamberlain to His Majesty the Emperor
His Excellency Morio Yukawa
Grand Master of Ceremonies to His Majesty
the Emperor
His Excellency Naraichi Fujiyama
Ambassador, Press Secretary to His Majesty
the Emperor
The Honorable Yoshihiro Tokugawa
Vice-Grand Chamberlain to His Majesty the Emperor
Mrs. Sachiko Kitashirakawa
Chief Lady-in-Waiting to Her Majesty the Empress
His Excellency Hiroshi Uchida
Ambassador, Chief of Protocol, Ministry of
Foreign Affairs
Delegation -1-
MEMBERS OF THE OFFICIAL JAPANESE PARTY (CONT'D)
The Honorable Shigetaka Nishino
Chief Physician to His Majesty the Emperor
His Excellency Hideki Masaki
Interpreter to His Majesty the Emperor
MEMBERS OF THE ACCOMPANYING JAPANESE PARTY
Mr. Yoshiro Yasui
Vice-Grand Master of Ceremonies to His Majesty
the Emperor
Mr. Naoru Tanaka
Chamberlain to His Majesty the Emperor
Mr. Takashi Kosaka
Director, General Affairs Division,
Imperial Household Agency
Mr. Iwao Yamamoto
Chamberlain to His Majesty the Emperor
Mr. Yasuo Nakamura
Counselor of the Security Bureau, National
Police Agency
Mrs. Kikue Ichimura
Lady-in-Waiting to Her Majesty the Empress
Mr. HirQaki Fujii
Director, First North America Division,
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Mrs. Kimiko Kubo
Lady-in-Waiting to Her Majesty the Empress
Mr. Jutaro Sakamoto
Director, Press Division, Ministry of Foreign
Affairs
Mr. Shoji Katsuta
Director, Escort Division, Imperial Guard
Mrs. Setsuko Suyama
Lady-in-Waiting to Her Majesty the Empress
Delegation -2-
MEMBERS OF THE ACCOMPANYING JAPANESE PARTY (CONT'D)
Mr. Ikuo Yokote
Private Secretary to the Deputy Prime Minister
Mr. Hiroshi Yasuda
Counselor to the Prime Minister's Office
Consul General of Japan
Wife of Consul General of Japan
* * *
Mr. Toraichi Kodama
Official, Finance Division, Ministry of
Foreign Affairs
Mr. Kyosaburo Morioka
Official, Board of the Chamberlains, Imperial
Household Agency
Mr. Akira Hayashi
Official, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Mr. Kisaku Anzai
Official, Personal Staff, Imperial Household Agency
Mr. Hideo Goto
Official, Board of the Chamberlains, Imperial
Household Agency
Mr. Masayuki Nakaya
Official, Board of the Ceremonies, Imperial
Household Agency
Mr. Daisuke Honda
Official, Board of the Ceremonies, Imperial
Household Agency
Mr. Katsue Hirasawa
Imperial Guard, Escort Division
Miss Matsuno Hashimoto
Official, Personal Staff, Imperial Household Agency
Mr. Akiyoshi Oshitani
Official, Accounting Division, Imperial Household
Agency
Delegation -3-
MEMBERS OF THE ACCOMPANYING JAPANESE PARTY (CONT'D)
Mr. Makoto Abe
Official, Pharmacist, Imperial Household Agency
Mr. Morisuke Makino
Official, Personal Staff, Imperial Household Agency
Mr. Shiro Ikeda
Official, Board of the Ceremonies, Imperial
Household Agency
Mr. Seiichi Tsuchiya
Official, Board of the Ceremonies, Imperial
Household Agency
Mrs. Kiyoko Aihara
Hair Dresser
Mr. Tatsuo Ota
Official, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Mr. Moriyama
Official, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Mr. Yabunaka
Official, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
MEMBERS OF THE EMBASSY OF JAPAN ACCOMPANYING PARTY
Mr. Mitsuro Donowaki
Counselor, Embassy of Japan
Mr. Masao Tachibana
First Secretary, Embassy of Japan
Mr. Ryuichiro Yamazaki
Second Secretary, Embassy of Japan
Delegation -4-
MEMBERS OF THE ACCOMPANYING AMERICAN PARTY
The Honorable Henry E. Catto, Jr.
Chief of Protocol of the United States
Mrs. Catto
The Honorable James D. Hodgson
American Ambassador to Japan
Mrs. Hodgson
Mr. J. Owen Zurhellen, Jr.
Deputy Assistant Secretary of State,
Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs
Mrs. Zurhellen
Mr. William R. Codus
Assistant Chief of Protocol
Mr. James J. Wickel
Press Officer, Bureau of East Asian and
Pacific Affairs
Mr. Warren Magruder
Press Officer, Bureau of East Asian and
Pacific Affairs
Mr. Roger W. Wallace
Protocol Officer
Miss Cynthia Wayland
Press Officer, Office of Press Relations
Mr. Joseph Pinto
Official Photographer, United States Information
Agency
Miss Mary Masserini
Protocol Press Assistant
Miss Judy D. Knowles
Protocol Secretary
Mr. James T. Payne
Protocol Logistics Officer
Delegation -5-
SUMMARY SCHEDULE
TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 30, 1975
10:40am
Their Majesties the Emperor and Empress
of Japan arrive Patrick Henry International
Airport, Newport News, Virginia via a
Special Imperial Flight.
10:50am
DEPART airfield enroute Colonial Williamsburg.
11:15am
ARRIVE Colonial Williamsburg.
noon
Private lunch at Williamsburg Inn.
Free afternoon.
pm
Private dinner at Williamsburg Inn.
Overnight: Williamsburg Inn
WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 1, 1975
Free day.
THURSDAY, OCTOBER 2, 1975
9:00am
DEPART Colonial Williamsburg enroute
Patrick Henry International Airport.
9:25am
ARRIVE Patrick Henry International Airport.
9:30am
DEPART Patrick Henry International Airport
via Special Imperial Flight enroute
Washington, D. C.
Flying time: 35 minutes
10:05am
ARRIVE Andrews Air Force Base and
DEPART immediately enroute White House.
10:10am Official Party members
depart via U.S. Helicopter
enroute Ellipse.
10:15am Welcoming Committee arrives
White House, via Southwest
Gate.
Summary Schedule -1-
THURSDAY, OCTOBER 2, 1975
10:23am Members of the Official Party
arrive Ellipse.
10:25am Members of the Official Party
arrive White House via
Southwest Gate and proceed
to their assigned places on
the South Lawn.
10:28am
President and Mrs. Ford proceed to
platform area.
10:29am
Their Majesties arrive White House and
are greeted by President and Mrs. Ford.
10:30am
White House Arrival Ceremony.
11:20am
DEPART White House enroute Blair House.
(approx.)
11:23am
ARRIVE Blair House.
(approx.)
12:20pm
DEPART Blair House enroute Embassy of Japan
Residence, 2516 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W.
12:30pm
ARRIVE Residence.
12:40pm
Informal lunch at the Residence.
2:00pm
DEPART Embassy of Japan enroute Smithsonian
Institution, National Museum of Natural
History, Constitution Avenue at 10th Street,
N.W.
2:10pm
ARRIVE National Museum of Natural History.
2:11pm Her Majesty proceeds to Freer
Gallery of Art, 12th and
Jefferson Drive, S.W.
3:25pm Her Majesty returns to
National Museum of Natural
History.
3:30pm
DEPART National Museum of Natural History
enroute Blair House.
3:35pm
ARRIVE Blair House.
Summary Schedule -2-
THURSDAY, OCTOBER 2, 1975
7:40pm Members of the Official Party
depart Blair House enroute
White House via Southwest Gate.
7:59pm
DEPART Blair House enroute White House.
8:00pm
President and Mrs. Ford give a dinner in
honor of Their Majesties.
Dress: White Tie
11:00pm
DEPART White House enroute Blair House.
Overnight: Blair House
FRIDAY, OCTOBER 2, 1975
9:52am
DEPART Blair House enroute Arlington
National Cemetery.
10:00am
Wreathlaying ceremony at Tomb of the
Unknown Soldier.
10:20am
DEPART Arlington National Cemetery enroute
American National Red Cross, 17th Street
between D and E Streets.
10:27am
ARRIVE American National Red Cross.
10:47am
DEPART American National Red Cross
enroute Blair House.
10:50am
ARRIVE Blair House.
11:55am
DEPART Blair House for sightseeing of
Washington, D.C. enroute "Sequoia",
Washington Navy Yard.
12:45pm
ARRIVE "Sequoia".
1:00pm
Informal luncheon on the Presidential
Yacht "Sequoia" cruising down the Potomac
River to Mount Vernon.
2:45pm
ARRIVE Mount Vernon.
3:40pm
DEPART Mount Vernon enroute Blair House.
Summary Schedule -3-
FRIDAY, OCTOBER 3, 1975
4:05pm
ARRIVE Blair House.
5:15pm
DEPART Blair House enroute Embassy of Japan
Residence, 2516 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W.
5:30pm
ARRIVE Embassy of Japan Residence.
Reception at the Embassy of Japan Residence.
Dress: Business Suit
6:00pm
DEPART Embassy of Japan enroute Blair House.
6:10pm
ARRIVE Blair House.
7:10pm
Members of the Official Party
depart Blair House enroute
Smithsonian Castle, 1000
Jefferson Drive, S.W.
7:40pm
DEPART Blair House enroute Smithsonian
Castle.
7:50pm
ARRIVE Smithsonian Castle, East Entrance.
7:59pm
President and Mrs. Ford arrive, East Entrance.
8:00pm
Their Majesties give a dinner in honor
of President and Mrs. Ford at Smithsonian
Castle, "Commons" room.
Dress: White Tie
11:00pm
President and Mrs. Ford depart Smithsonian
Castle, North Entrance.
11:02pm
DEPART Smithsonian Castle enroute Blair
House.
11:07pm
ARRIVE Blair House.
Overnight: Blair House
Summary Schedule -4-
SATURDAY, OCTOBER 4, 1975
12:10pm
DEPART Blair House enroute Andrews Air
Force Base.
12:25pm
ARRIVE Andrews Air Force Base.
12:30pm
DEPART Andrews Air Force Base via USAF
VC-9 Flight enroute Otis Air Force Base,
Massachusetts.
Flying time: 1 hour 5 minutes
1:35pm
ARRIVE Otis Air Force Base.
1:40pm
DEPART airfield enroute Woods Hole.
1:40pm Her Majesty departs airfield
enroute Sandwich.
2:06pm
ARRIVE Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
2:00pm Her Majesty arrives Sandwich
Glass Museum.
2:30pm
Her Majesty departs Sandwich
Glass Museum enroute Daniel
Webster Inn.
2:32pm Arrive Daniel Webster Inn.
2:55pm
DEPART Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
enroute Marine Biological Laboratory.
3:00pm Her Majesty departs Daniel
Webster Inn enroute Falmouth.
3:30pm Her Majesty arrives Falmouth
Artists' Guild, Inc.
4:00pm Her Majesty departs Falmouth
Artists' Guild, Inc. enroute
Otis Air Force Base.
2:57pm
ARRIVE Marine Biological Laboratory.
4:06pm
DEPART Marine Biological Laboratory enroute
Otis Air Force Base.
4:26pm Her Majesty arrives Otis AFB.
4:32pm
ARRIVE Otis Air Force Base.
SERALD
FORM
wwait
Summary Schedule -5-
SATURDAY, OCTOBER 4, 1975
4:40pm
DEPART Otis Air Force Base via USAF VC-9
Flight enroute New York.
Flying time: 50 minutes.
5:30pm
ARRIVE New York, LaGuardia Airport.
5:40pm
DEPART airfield enroute Waldorf Towers.
6:02pm
ARRIVE Waldorf Towers.
Private dinner.
Overnight: Waldorf Towers
SUNDAY, OCTOBER 5, 1975
10:00am
DEPART Waldorf Towers for sightseeing
of New York City and Hudson River Valley
enroute Pocantico Hills, New York.
10:55am
ARRIVE Pocantico Hills (Japanese House).
Vice President and Mrs. Rockefeller
escort Their Majesties on tour of
Japanese House.
11:30am
DEPART Japanese House enroute Fieldwood Farm.
11:41am
ARRIVE Fieldwood Farm.
Mr. and Mrs. John D. Rockefeller III give
an informal luncheon in honor of Their
Majesties.
1:40pm
DEPART Fieldwood Farm enroute Shea Stadium.
2:45pm
ARRIVE Shea Stadium.
3:35pm
(approx.)
DEPART Shea Stadium enroute Waldorf Towers.
3:45pm
ARRIVE Waldorf Towers.
7:26pm
DEPART Waldorf Towers enroute Residence
of the Consul General of Japan, 4 East
67th Street.
Summary Schedule -6-
SUNDAY, OCTOBER 5, 1975
7:30pm
ARRIVE Residence of Consul General.
Informal Dinner.
9:00pm
DEPART Residence of Consul General
enroute Waldorf Towers.
9:04pm
ARRIVE Waldorf Towers.
Overnight: Waldorf Towers
MONDAY, OCTOBER 6, 1975
9:27am
DEPART Waldorf Towers enroute United Nations.
9:35am
ARRIVE United Nations.
Meeting with Secretary-General and Mrs.
Waldheim.
9:55am
Tour of United Nations Building.
10:15am
DEPART United Nations enroute New York
Botanical Gardens, Bronx.
10:45am
ARRIVE New York Botanical Gardens.
Tour of Gardens.
11:15am
DEPART New York Botanical Gardens.
11:45am
ARRIVE Waldorf Towers.
12:50pm
DEPART Waldorf Towers enroute Gracie
Mansion.
1:00pm
Mayor and Mrs. Beame give a luncheon in
honor of Their Majesties.
3:00pm
DEPART Gracie Mansion enroute Waldorf
Towers.
Summary Schedule -7-
MONDAY, OCTOBER 6, 1975
4:54pm
DEPART Waldorf Towers enroute the Japan
House, 333 East 47th Street.
5:00pm
ARRIVE the Japan House.
5:25pm
DEPART the Japan House enroute Waldorf
Astoria.
5:30pm
ARRIVE Waldorf Astoria, Grand Ballroom.
5:40pm
Reception in honor of Their Majesties
given by representatives of Japanese-
Americans and Japanese in New York.
6:05pm
DEPART Grand Ballroom enroute Waldorf
Towers.
ARRIVE suite.
Private dinner.
Overnight: Waldorf Towers
TUESDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1975
9:05am
DEPART Waldorf Towers enroute JFK
International Airport.
9:40am
ARRIVE JFK International Airport.
9:50am
DEPART New York via Special Imperial
Flight enroute Chicago.
Flying time: 1 hour 50 minutes
11:00am
ARRIVE Chicago, O'Hare International Airport.
11:05am
DEPART airfield enroute Drake Hotel.
11:45am
ARRIVE Drake Hotel.
12:15pm
DEPART Drake Hotel enroute Conrad Hilton
Hotel.
12:30pm
ARRIVE Conrad Hilton Hotel.
Summary Schedule -8-
TUESDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1975
12:30pm
Mayor and Mrs. Daley give a luncheon in
honor of Their Majesties at Conrad Hilton
Hotel, Grand Ballroom.
2:20pm
DEPART Conrad Hilton Hotel enroute Drake
Hotel.
2:27pm
ARRIVE Drake Hotel.
3:00pm
DEPART Drake Hotel enroute Joliet, Illinois.
3:10pm Her Majesty departs Drake
Hotel enroute Wyler Childrens'
Hospital, 950 E. 59th Street.
3:40pm
Her Majesty arrives Wyler
Childrens' Hospital.
4:05pm
Her Majesty departs Wyler
Childrens' Hospital enroute
Art Institute of Chicago,
Michigan and Adams Street.
4:20pm
Her Majesty arrives Art
Institute of Chicago.
4:20pm
ARRIVE Baltz Farm, Joliet, Illinois.
5:10pm
Her Majesty departs Art
Institute of Chicago enroute
Drake Hotel.
5:20pm
DEPART Baltz Farm enroute Drake Hotel.
5:25pm Her Majesty arrives Drake
Hotel.
6:40pm
ARRIVE Drake Hotel.
7:10pm
Reception in honor of Their Majesties by
representatives of Japanese-Americans
and Japanese in Chicago in Parkside Room,
Drake Hotel.
7:20pm
DEPART reception enroute suite.
Private dinner.
BERALD
R.
FORD
Overnight: Drake Hotel
Summary Schedule -9-
WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 8, 1975
8:15am
DEPART Drake Hotel enroute O'Hare
International Airport.
8:55am
ARRIVE O'Hare International Airport.
9:00am
DEPART Chicago via Special Imperial
Flight enroute Los Angeles.
Flying time: 4 hours 5 minutes
11:05am
ARRIVE Los Angeles International Airport,
FAA Terminal.
11:15am
DEPART airfield enroute Los Angeles Music
Center, Dorothy Chandler Pavilion.
11:45am
ARRIVE Los Angeles Music Center, Dorothy
Chandler Pavilion, and proceed to "Founders."
12:15pm
Presentation of key to city followed by
welcoming acknowledgement to community
from balconv. accompanied by Mayor and
Mrs. Bradley.
12:35pm
Mayor and Mrs. Bradley give a luncheon in
honor of Their Majesties in the Grand Hall.
2:00pm
DEPART Grand Hall and proceed to "Founders."
2:40pm
DEPART Los Angeles Music Center enroute
Disneyland.
3:20pm
ARRIVE Disneyland.
Tour of Disneyland.
4:30pm
DEPART Disneyland enroute Beverly Wilshire
Hotel.
5:40pm
ARRIVE Beverly Wilshire Hotel.
6:40pm
Reception in honor of Their Majesties
by representatives of Japanese-Americans
and Japanese in Los Angeles at the Beverly
Wilshire Hotel,
7:00pm
DEPART reception and return to suite.
Private dinner.
Overnight: Beverly Wilshire
Summary Schedule -10-
THURSDAY, OCTOBER 9, 1975
9:25am
DEPART hotel enroute Los Angeles
International Airport.
9:55am
ARRIVE Los Angeles International Airport.
10:00am
DEPART Los Angeles via Special Imperial
Flight enroute San Diego.
Flying time: 35 minutes
10:35am
ARRIVE San Diego Airport.
10:40am
DEPART airfield enroute San Diego
National Zoo.
10:48am
ARRIVE San Diego National Zoo.
Tour of Zoo.
11:30am
DEPART San Diego National Zoo enroute
Sea Lodge Hotel, La Jolla.
11:47am
ARRIVE Sea Lodge Hotel.
Private lunch.
1:05pm
DEPART Sea Lodge Hotel enroute Scripps
Institution of Oceanography.
NOTE: Her Majesty remains at hotel
for rest.
1:07pm
ARRIVE Scripps Institution.
3:05pm
DEPART Scripps Institution enroute Sea
Lodge Hotel.
3:07pm
ARRIVE Sea Lodge Hotel.
3:42pm
DEPART Sea Lodge Hotel enroute San Diego
Airport.
4:00pm
ARRIVE San Diego Airport.
4:05pm
DEPART San Diego via Special Imperial
Flight enroute San Francisco.
Flying time: 1 hour 20 minutes
Summary Schedule -11-
THURSDAY, OCTOBER 9, 1975
5:25pm
ARRIVE San Francisco Airport.
5:35pm
DEPART airfield enroute St. Francis Hotel,
Union Square.
6:00pm
ARRIVE St. Francis Hotel.
Private dinner.
Overnight: St. Francis Hotel
FRIDAY, OCTOBER 10, 1975
10:00am
DEPART St. Francis Hotel enroute Strybing
Arboretum, Golden Gate Park, passing by
Japan Center.
10:20am
ARRIVE Strybing Arboretum.
Reception in honor of Their Majesties
by the representatives of Japanese-
Americans and Japanese in San Francisco.
10:50am
DEPART Strybing Arboretum enroute Kanrin
Maru Monument, passing by Lincoln Park.
11:00am
ARRIVE Kanrin Maru Monument.
11:10am
DEPART Kanrin Maru Monument enroute Vista
Point of Golden Gate Bridge.
11:20am
ARRIVE Vista Point.
11:35am
DEPART Vista Point enroute St. Francis
Hotel.
11:55am
ARRIVE St. Francis Hotel.
1:00pm
Mayor and Mrs. Alioto give a luncheon in
honor of Their Majesties at the St. Francis
Hotel, Grand Ballroom.
2:45pm
DEPART Grand Ballroom and return to suite.
3:25pm
DEPART St. Francis Hotel enroute San
Francisco Airport.
Summary Schedule -12-
FRIDAY, OCTOBER 10, 1975
3:50pm
ARRIVE San Francisco Airport.
4:00pm
DEPART San Francisco via Special Imperial
Flight enroute Honolulu, Hawaii.
Flying time: 4 hours 15 minutes
(Dinner will be served during flight.)
6:15pm
ARRIVE Honolulu International Airport.
6:25pm
DEPART airfield enroute Kahala Hilton Hotel.
6:50pm
ARRIVE Kahala Hilton Hotel.
Overnight: Kahala Hilton Hotel
SATURDAY, OCTOBER 11, 1975
10:45am
DEPART Kahala Hilton Hotel enroute
Honolulu International Center Hall.
11:00am
ARRIVE Honolulu International Center Hall.
Welcoming program by the citizens of
Honolulu.
11:40am
DEPART Honolulu International Center Hall
enroute Residence of Governor and Mrs.
Ariyoshi.
11:45am
ARRIVE Residence of Governor and Mrs.
Ariyoshi.
12:00noon
Governor and Mrs. Ariyoshi give a luncheon
in honor of Their Majesties at the Residence.
1:45pm
DEPART Residence enroute Kahala Hilton Hotel.
2:00pm
ARRIVE Kahala Hilton Hotel.
3:15pm
DEPART Kahala Hilton Hotel enroute Bishop
Museum.
3:30pm
ARRIVE Bishop Museum.
Tour of Museum.
Summary Schedule -13-
SATURDAY, OCTOBER 11, 1975
4:05pm
DEPART Bishop Museum enroute Residence
of Consul General of Japan,
4:25pm
ARRIVE Residence of Consul General.
Reception in honor of Their Majesties
by representatives of Japanese-Americans
and Japanese of Hawaii.
5:20pm
DEPART Residence of Consul General
enroute Kahala Hilton Hotel, passing
along Waikiki.
5:50pm
ARRIVE Kahala Hilton Hotel.
6:50pm
DEPART Kahala Hilton Hotel enroute
Honolulu International Airport.
7:15pm
ARRIVE Honolulu International Airport.
7:25pm
DEPART Honolulu via Hawaiian Airlines DC-9
aircraft enroute Kona.
Flying time: 30 minutes
7:55pm
ARRIVE Kona Airport.
8:00pm
DEPART airfield enroute Mauna Kea Beach
Hotel.
8:42pm
ARRIVE Mauna Kea Beach Hotel.
Private dinner.
Overnight: Mauna Kea Beach Hotel
SUNDAY, OCTOBER 12, 1975
Rest.
MONDAY, OCTOBER 13, 1975
10:43am
DEPART Mauna Kea Beach Hotel enroute
Kona Airport.
11:25am
ARRIVE Kona Airport.
Summary Schedule -14-
MONDAY, OCTOBER 13, 1975
11:30am
DEPART Kona via Hawaiian Airlines DC-9
aircraft enroute Honolulu.
Flying time: 30 minutes
12:00noon ARRIVE Honolulu International Airport.
12:55pm
DEPART the United States via Special
Imperial Flight enroute Tokyo.
Summary Schedule -15-
TUESDAY
SEPTEMBER 30, 1975
10:40am
Their Majesties the Emperor and the Emploss
of Japan arrive Patrick Henry International
Airport, Newport News, Virginia, via a
Special Imperial Flight.
Welcoming Committee
The Honorable Henry E. Catto, Jr.
Chief of Protocol of the United States
(Amb. Catto proceeds onto plane to
escort Their Majesties down to the
Welcoming Committee.)
Mrs. Catto
The Honorable Mills E. Godwin
Governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia
Mrs. Godwin
The Honorable Harry F. Byrd, Jr.
Senator from Virginia
The Honorable Vernon M. Geddy, Jr.
Mayor of the City of Williamsburg
Mrs. Geddy
The Honorable Kazuo Chiba
Consul General of Japan in Atlanta
Mrs. Chiba
Mr. J. Owen Zurhellen, Jr.
Deputy Assistant Secretary of State,
Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs
Mrs. Zurhellen
Mr. William R. Codus
Assistant Chief of Protocol
The Honorable Carlisle H. Humelsine
President, Colonial Williamsburg
Foundation
Mrs. Humelsine
Mr. Roger W. Wallace
Protocol Officer
September 30 -1-
WITHDRAWAL SHEET (PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARIES)
FORM OF
CORRESPONDENTS OR TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
DOCUMENT
Doc.
Motorcade assignments / 44 Pages
B
10/2/75
File Location:
Shelia Weidenfeld Files, Box 32, State Visits File: 10/2/75 - Japan (2)
RESTRICTION CODES
JJO 01/30/17
(A) Closed by applicable Executive order governing access to national security information.
(B) Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the document.
(C) Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in the donor's deed of gift.
NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION
NA FORM 1429 (1-98)
DEPARTMENT OF STATE
WASHINGTON, D.C.
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF PROTOCOL
WHITE HOUSE ARRIVAL CEREMONY - INCLEMENT WEATHER SCENARIO
One-half hour before
Members of the Welcoming Committee arrive
ceremony
at the Southwest Gate of the White House.
They are escorted to the Diplomatic Entrance
and upstairs to the East Room to take their
places to the right of the platform.
Secretary of State (and Mrs.) and Representa-
tive of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (and Mrs.)
arrive via the Southwest Gate and are escorted
upstairs to take their places on the North
Portico (see XXX on Diagram 1).
Five minutes before
Members of the Visitor's Official Party arrive
ceremony
at the North Portico entrance (via the North-
west Gate) and are escorted to their places
in the East Room, in front of the Welcoming
Committee. (see diagram 2)
Two minutes before
President and Mrs. Ford arrive at the North
ceremony
Portico entrance.
Ruffles and Flourishes
Hail to the Chief
Time of Ceremony
Motorcade carrying visitor (and Mrs.) arrives
Northwest Gate and proceeds towards North
Portico.
Trumpet Fanfare
Motorcade arrives at North Portico.
Chief of Protocol introduces visitor (and Mrs.)
to President and Mrs. Ford.
The President introduces Secretary of State
(and Mrs.) and representative of the Joint
Chiefs of Staff (and Mrs.).
President Ford and visitor position themselves
on the red carpet, facing Pennsylvania Avenue.
(see diagram 1).
Mrs. Ford and visitors wife position themselves
to the side of the red carpet (see #1 and #2
on diagram 1).
Inclement Weather
Page 2
Ruffles and Flourishes
National Anthem of Visitor's Country
National Anthem of the United States
President and Mrs. Ford escort visitor (and Mrs.)
into the East Room.
Secretary of State (and Mrs.) and representa-
tive of Joint Chiefs of Staff (and Mrs.)
follow and position themselves to the left
of the platform (see XXX on diagram 2).
Chief of Protocol positions himself at #4
on diagram 2. .
President Ford and visitor proceed onto platform.
Mrs. Ford and visitor's wife position themselves to
left on platform (see #1 and #2 on diagram 2).
Wife of the Chief of Protocol positions herself at
#3 on diagram 2.
Welcoming Remarks by President Ford.
Response by visitor.
President and Mrs. Ford escort visitor (and Mrs.)
from the East Room, through the Green Room, into
the Blue Room. (see diagram 2)
Secretary of State (and Mrs.) and repre-
sentative of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
(and Mrs.) are escorted into Blue Room.
Receiving line is formed.
President Ford
Visitor
Mrs. Ford
Visitor's wife
Secretary of State
Wife
Representative of JCS
Wife
Members of the Official Party and the Welcoming
Committee are escorted into the Blue Room and
presented to the receiving line.
Coffee is served.
One half hour
following the
President Ford escorts Visitor to the Oval Office
start of
for meeting.
Ceremony
Following coffee, visitors wife departs.
RED CARPET
-Chief of Protocol
JOINT COLORS
-SecState
X-Mrs.
X-JCS Rep
X Mrs.
PRESS
HERALD TRUMPETS
XX Mrs. Ford
Wife of
Visiting Dignitary
VISITING DIGNITARY
PRESIDENT
DIAGRAM #1
27
BAND
DOOR OPENERS
Y
Y
T
T
++0
Y
GERALD ? FORD
Y
HERALD TRUMPETS LEADER
CORDON
WITHDRAWAL SHEET (PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARIES)
FORM OF
CORRESPONDENTS OR TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
DOCUMENT
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Diagram / 1 Pages
B
10/2/75
File Location:
Shelia Weidenfeld Files, Box 32, State Visits File: 10/2/75 - Japan (2)
RESTRICTION CODES
JJO 01/30/17
(A) Closed by applicable Executive order governing access to national security information.
(B) Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the document.
(C) Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in the donor's deed of gift.
NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION
NA FORM 1429 (1-98)
DEPARTMENT OF STATE
WASHINGTON, D. C.
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF PROTOCOL
WHITE HOUSE ARRIVAL CEREMONY
One-half hour
Members of the Welcoming Committee
before ceremony
arrive White House via Southwest
Gate and are escorted to their
assigned places on the South Lawn.
One-half hour
Members of the Official Party not
before ceremony
arriving by helicopter arrive
White House via Southwest Gate and
are escorted to their assigned
places on the South Lawn.
Five minutes before
Members of the Official Party
ceremony
traveling by helicopter
arrive White House via Southwest
Gate and are escorted to their
assigned places on the South Lawn.
Two minutes before
President and Mrs. Ford arrive
ceremony
Diplomatic Entrance of White House.
Ruffles and Flourishes
Announcement
Hail to the Chief
One minute before
President and Mrs. Ford arrive
ceremony
platform area in front of Diplomatic
Entrance and position themselves at
the beginning of red carpet.
Time of Ceremony
Motorcade carrying visitor (and Mrs.)
arrives Diplomatic Entrance via
Southwest Gate.
Trumpet Fanfare
-2-
President and Mrs. Ford are
introduced to visitor (and Mrs.)
by the Chief of Protocol.
(Photo Opportunity)
President Ford then introduces
visitor (and Mrs.) to Secretary
of State (and Mrs.) and representaive
of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (and Mrs.)
The President escorts visitor onto
the platform.
Mrs. Ford escorts visitor's wife,
accompanied by wife of Chief of
Protocol, to a position to the right
of the platform, in front of the
Official Party. Visitor's wife stands
to Mrs. Ford's right with wife of
Chief of Protocol directly behind.
Present Arms
Ruffles and Flourishes
National Anthem of Visitor's Country
National Anthem of the United States
(19 or 21-gun salute)
Order Arms
President Ford escorts visitor toward
the Commander of the Troops, who
takes his place at visitor's right.
The Inspection Party turns in front of
the band, and the President takes a
position to the right of the visitor.
Inspection begins at the right front
of the band and proceeds along front
rank of troops. Members of the
Inspection Party render salutes when
passing in front of the Colors.
-3-
At the left flank of troops, the
Party turns and proceeds toward
the platform.
President Ford escorts visitor onto
the platform.
Troops in Review
Marine Drum and Bugle Corps
pass in front of the platform
Present Arms
Order Arms
President Ford and visitor move to
the microphone and face the press area.
Remarks by President Ford.
Remarks by visitor.
President Ford and visitor face the
troops and the Commander of Troops
indicates that the ceremony has
concluded.
President and Mrs. Ford escort visitor
(and Mrs.) to the South Portico Balcony.
(Photo Opportunity at
South Portico Balcony)
The Party enters the Blue Room and
a receiving line is formed in the
following order:
President Ford
Visitor
Mrs. Ford
Visitor's Wife
Secretary of State
Wife of Secretary of State
Representative of Joint Chiefs of
Staff
Wife of Representative
-4-
Members of the Official Party and
the Welcoming Committee are escorted
into the Blue Room and are presented
to the receiving line.
Coffee is served.
One-half hour
President Ford escorts visitor to
after start of
the President's Office for meeting.
Ceremony
Mrs. Ford and wife of visitor
remain in the Blue Room for
coffee.
Following coffee, wife of
visitor departs from North
Portico via motorcade.
* * *
Members of Official Party depart
North Portico via motorcade.
Members of Welcoming Committee
depart via Southwest Gate
(Diplomatic Entrance).
Following meeting with President Ford,
visitor departs from South Lawn Driveway
via motorcade.
* * * *
Attached are three diagrams showing:
#A - The President's Park (Ellipse) showing positioning
of the two helicopters and motorcade to the White
House Arrival Ceremony.
#B - Overall view of the White House South Lawn during
White House Arrival Ceremony.
#C - View of the Platform Area during White House Arrival
Ceremony.
WITHDRAWAL SHEET (PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARIES)
FORM OF
CORRESPONDENTS OR TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
DOCUMENT
Doc.
Diagram / 3 Pages
B
10/2/75
File Location:
Shelia Weidenfeld Files, Box 32, State Visits File: 10/2/75 - Japan (2)
RESTRICTION CODES
JJO 01/30/17
(A) Closed by applicable Executive order governing access to national security information.
(B) Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the document.
(C) Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in the donor's deed of gift.
NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION
NA FORM 1429 (1-98)
background
notes
Japan
department of state
*
august 1975
OFFICIAL NAME: Japan
GEOGRAPHY
About four-fifths of the country is
southern Maine). Most of Japan is
covered by hills and mountains, a
dominated by the Asiatic monsoon,
Japan, a chain of rugged, mountain-
number of which are inactive or active
which brings a pronounced summer
ous islands, lies in a 2,000-mile-long
volcanoes. Japan's unstable geological
rainy season (most intense in early
arc off the east coast of Asia. It com-
position beside the Pacific deeps
July) and mild, sunny winters. Rainfall
prises four main islands-Hokkaido,
accounts for the earthquakes it
throughout the country is more than
Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu-and
experiences.
40 inches per year and greater than
more than 3,300 smaller islands,
Climate ranges from subtropical on
this amount in certain areas. During
at about the same latitude as the
Okinawa (similar to southern Florida)
late summer and early fall Japan is
United States.
to cool on Hokkaido (like that of
often buffeted by torrential rains
accompanying Pacific typhoons.
PROFILE
Economy
PEOPLE
GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT (GNP):
Geography
$457 billion (1974 est.). REAL GROWTH
Japan ranks among the most dense-
RATE: -1.8% (1974); 10.6% (1960-70).
ly inhabited nations in the world. A
AREA: 143,000 sq. mi. (slightly smaller
PER CAPITA GNP: $4,100 (1974 est.).
growth rate which fell to 0.8 percent
than Calif.). CAPITAL: Tokyo (pop. 11.5
AGRICULTURE: Land 19%. Labor
in the late 1950's has stabilized at
million). OTHER CITIES: Osaka (2.8 mil-
12%. Products-rice, wheat, barley, vege-
lion), Yokohama (2.6 million), Nagoya (2
about 1.2 percent in recent years. The
tables, fruits.
million, Kyoto (1.4 million).
government encourages birth control
INDUSTRY: Labor 36%. Products-
and family planning. In 1971 Japan's
machinery and equipment, metals and metal
productive age population reached an
People
products, textiles, autos, chemicals, elec-
all time high of 73 million, as the
trical and electronic equipment.
POPULATION: 110 million (1974). AN-
NATURAL RESOURCES: Negligible
postwar "baby boom" joined the labor
NUAL GROWTH RATE: 1.2%. DENSITY:
mineral resources, fish.
force. The rate of increase is tapering
762 per sq. mi. ETHNIC GROUPS: 0.6%
Trade: Exports-$55.8 billion (1974):
off, and indications are the nation will
Korean. LANGUAGE: Japanese. RELI-
machinery and equipment, metals and metal
eventually have a stable labor force
GIONS: Shintoism and Buddhism; 0.8%
products, textiles. Partners-US 23%, EC
perhaps followed at a later date by a
Christian. LITERACY: 98%. LIFE EX-
11%, Far East 23%, Communist countries
stable population.
PECTANCY: Male 69.3 yrs., female 74.7
6%. Imports-$62.1 billion (1974): fossil
The Japanese are a Mongoloid
yrs.
fuels, metal ore, raw materials, foodstuffs,
machinery and equipment. Partners-US
people, closely related to the major
20%, EC 6%, Far East 20%, Communist
groups of east Asia. However, there is
Government
countries 5%.
some evidence of admixture with
TYPE: Parliamentary democracy. DATE
OFFICIAL EXCHANGE RATE (float-
Malayan and Caucasoid strains. There
OF CONSTITUTION: May 3, 1947.
ing): 296 yen=US$1 (July 1975).
are about 600,000 Koreans and much
BRANCHES: Executive-Prime Minister
ECONOMIC AID EXTENDED: Total
smaller groups of Chinese and Cauca-
(Head of Government). Legislative-
official and private resource flow
sian residents.
bicameral Diet (House of Representatives
(1974)-$2.962 billion (0.66% of GNP);
and House of Councillors). Judicial-Civil
official development assistance
Religion
law system with Anglo-American influence.
(1974)-$1.126 billion (0.25% of GNP).
POLITICAL PARTIES: Liberal Demo-
MEMBERSHIP IN INTERNATIONAL
Buddhism occupies an important
cratic Party (LDP), Japan Socialist Party
ORGANIZATIONS: U.N. and its specialized
(JSP), Democratic Socialist Party (DSP),
place in Japan's religious life. It has
agencies, International Court of Justice
Komeito (Clean Government Party), Japan
(ICJ), International Monetary Fund (IMF),
exerted profound influence on fine
Communist Party (JCP). SUFFRAGE: Uni-
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
arts, social institutions, and thought,
versal over 20. POLITICAL SUB-
(GATT), Organization for Economic Co-
and most Japanese still consider them-
DIVISIONS: 47 Prefectures.
operation and Development (OECD), Inter-
selves members of one of the major
FLAG: Red sun on white field.
national Energy Agency (IEA).
Buddhist sects.
3
2
Shintoism is an indigenous religion
comparable to those in the advanced
adopted the Chinese script. During the
which is founded on myths, legends,
industrial nations of the West. The
6th century Buddhism was introduced
and ritual practices of the early
mass media are highly competitive
into Japan from China. These two
136
144
Japanese people. It was recognized by
even though dominated to a consider-
events revolutionized Japanese culture
Wakkanai
0
the Meiji government in the latter 19th
able extent by three national dailies
and were the beginning of a long series
JAPAN
century as the official state religion
with circulations of 7-9 million copies
of cultural borrowings from China that
Khanka
and was cultivated by the government
(combined, morning and evening):
have resulted in a strong feeling of
International boundary
U.S.S.R.
HOKKAIDO
Abashir
as a spur to patriotic and nationalistic
Asahi, Mainichi, and Yomiuri. These
affinity for China by the Japanese
+
National capital
CHINA
feelings. Under the Allied occupation
major newspapers and several smaller
people.
Railroad
Road
(1946-52), state support was removed
ones publish weekly magazines and
From the establishment of the first
Sapporo
Kushiro
ladivostok
from "State Shinto," and the Emperor
have interests in commercial radio and
fixed capital at Nara in 710 until
Nakhodka
disavowed divinity. Shintoism con-
television. There are many other
1867, the Emperors of the Yamato
0
50
100
150
Miles
,
tinues to draw participation by many
national and prefectural newspapers of
dynasty were the nominal rulers, but
0 50 100 150 Kilometers
Hakodate
people, particularly in the more rural
significance and five English-language
actual power was usually held by
areas of the country, at times of
dailies.
powerful court nobles, regents, or
marriage, death, local festivals, and
The Japanese publishing industry
shoguns (military governors).
Aomor
other observances.
brings out more new titles each year
NORTH
Contact With the West
KOREA
Neither Buddhism nor Shintoism
than its American counterpart.
Radio and television follow the
The first contact with the West
Akita
are exclusive religions. Most Japanese
Nonsan
SEA
OF
JAPAN
Kamaishi
observe both Buddhist and Shinto
British or Canadian pattern, with a
occurred about 1542 when a Portu-
yöngyang
nationwide government-owned net-
guese ship was blown off course and
rituals.
Demarcation
work competing with commercial net-
landed in Japan. It was followed by
Line
Confucianism is more an ethical
Sendai
system than a religion. The Confucian
works. Almost all Japanese homes
Portuguese traders; Jesuit, Dominican,
SADO
SEOUL
Niigata.
Inch'on
philosophic tradition is an important
have radios. As of 1970 about 95
and Franciscan missionaries; and
Fukushima
strand in Japanese thought.
percent of Japanese households had
Dutch, English, and Spanish traders.
Christianity has about 750,000
TV, placing Japan second in the world
During the early part of the 17th
SOUTH
KOREA
HONSHU
adherents.
after the United States. The Japanese
century growing suspicion that the
Nagano
Kanazawa
motion picture industry similarly
traders and missionaries were fore-
Taegu?
Fukui
TOKYO
Education
ranks as one of the largest in the
runners of a military conquest caused
Yokohama
Japan provides free public school-
world.
the Shogunate to place successively
Tottori
NORTH
EMokp'o
greater restrictions on foreigners,
Pusan
Kyoto
Nagoya
Shimizu
0
PACIFIC
ing for all children through 6 years of
elementary school and 3 years of
Social Welfare
culminating in 1638 with the ex-
Okayama
TSUSHIMA
Hiroshima
Kobe
>Osaka
pulsion of all foreigners and the
KOREA
OCEAN
junior high school. Most students go
In Japan, as in other parts of Asia,
STRAIT
Kitakyüshu
Tokušhima
severing of all relations with the out-
0
Matsuyama
on to 3-year senior high schools, and
the care of the sick, aged, and infirm
side world, except severely limited
CHEJU-DO
Kochi
those able to pass the difficult
has been, until recently, the responsi-
commercial contacts with Dutch and
Sasebo
Oital
SHIKOKU
SHOTO
entrance examinations enter the 4-year
bility of the family, employers, or
Chinese merchants at Nagasaki. This
Nagasaki
universities or 2-year junior colleges.
private organizations. To meet the
isolation persisted until 1854 when
32
32-
KYUSHU
There are public and private high
needs of an urbanized, modern
Commodore Matthew Perry of the
EAST
CHINA
schools, colleges, and universities, but
industrial society, this system has
U.S. Navy "opened" Japan by negoti-
SEA
Kagoshima
public institutions, as well as private,
changed greatly, and the government is
ating the convention of Kanagawa.
require tuition.
conducting a very broad range of
Renewed contact with the West
The rapidly rising standard of living
modest but successful social welfare
contributed to a breakdown of
and growing job opportunities for
programs. These include health
feudalism and led to industrialization
well-educated youth have placed a
insurance, old-age pensions, a
and the rapid achievement of the
severe burden on overcrowded institu-
minimum wage law, and the operation
status of a modern power. In 1868 the
ISLANgS.
tions of higher learning. Competition
of a variety of hospitals and social
Shogun was forced to resign and
for entry into the handful of partic-
welfare institutions for orphans, the
Emperor Meiji was restored to
ularly prestigious universities-such as
physically handicapped, and the
temporal power. The feudal system
Tokyo University, Kyoto University,
elderly. All major political parties are
RYUKYU
0
was subsequently abolished, and in
BONIN
Waseda, and Keio-is very intense.
firmly committed to providing
1889 a constitutional government,
PHILIPPINE
SEA
15LANDS
Between 1965 and 1970 there was
increased and more effective social
parliamentary in form, was estab-
an increase in student protests. A num-
welfare services.
lished. During this period Japan sought
Naha
OKINAWA
ber of universities, including Tokyo
to utilize Western technology to
University, were at times paralyzed or
HISTORY
strengthen and modernize the state
closed down entirely for as long as a
and the economy. The "Meiji constitu-
VOLCANO
ISLANDS
year. The student movement is now
Traditional Japanese records
tion," promulgated during this time,
JIMA
divided into a number of mutually
two
embody the legend that the empire
instituted many needed reforms. The
24
24-
antagonistic factions, but the level of
was founded in 660 B.C. by the
success of the carefully controlled
tension has decreased considerably.
Emperor Jimmu, a direct descendant
revolution of the Meiji leaders was
Names and boundary representation
of the Sun Goddess and ancestor of
tremendous. In a few decades these
128
136
are not necessarily authoritative
144
Mass Communications
the present ruling dynasty. About 405
leaders achieved their goal of a strong
517568 3-75
Mass communications in Japan are
A.D. the Japanese court officially
Japan.
5
4
ister and the Ministers of State, all of
Construction-Tadao Kariya
leader to obtain a position of power in
Japan proceeded to establish itself
in the ruling of Japan during this time.
stronger. The post-treaty period has
whom must be civilians. The Prime
Education-Michio Nagai
the Cabinet or party. The factional
on an equal basis with the leading
Japan invaded Manchuria in 1931
also been marked by tremendous
Minister, who must be a member of
Finance-Masayoshi Ohira
organization is sufficiently tight and
nations of the West. Along with the
and established the puppet state of
economic growth.
the Diet, is appointed by the Emperor
Foreign Affairs-Kiichi Miyazawa
the factional leaders' control of funds
introduction of modern transporta-
Manchukuo. In 1933 Japan resigned
on designation by the Diet. He has the
Health and Welfare-Masami Tanaka
and appointments is sufficiently strong
tion, steps were taken to build an
from the League of Nations. The
GOVERNMENT
power to appoint and remove his
Home Affairs-Hajime Fukuda
to maintain factional unity. A shared
up-to-date army and navy, modernize
Japanese invasion of China in 1937
Japan's parliamentary govern-
Ministers, the majority of whom must
International Trade and Industry-
interest in sustaining conservative
education, adopt some Western cus-
followed Japan's signature of the
ment-a constitutional monarchy-
be from the Diet.
Toshio Komoto
control of the government has main-
toms, and create a modern industry.
so-called "anti-Comintern pact" the
operates within the framework of a
Of prime psychological importance
In addition to its general executive
Justice-Osamu Inaba
tained the unity of these factions in
previous year and was one of a chain
Constitution which became effective
was the introduction of a Western sys-
functions, the Cabinet is responsible
Labor-Takashi Hasegawa
the LDP since the party's founding in
of developments which culminated in
on May 3, 1947. Sovereignty, pre-
for the conduct of foreign affairs, the
Posts and Telecommunications-Isamu
1955.
tem of justice, thus enabling Japan to
the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
viously embodied in the Emperor, is
remove in 1898 the last of the "un-
conclusion of treaties (with the
Murakami
The largest of the four opposition
on December 7, 1941. After 3 years
now vested in the Japanese people,
equal treaties" which were particularly
approval of the Diet), the submission
Transport-Mutsuo Kimura
parties is the Japanese Socialist Party
and 9 months of warfare, which re-
and the Emperor is defined as the
galling to the Japanese.
of a budget, and the enactment of
Chief Cabinet Secretary-Ichitaro Ide
(JSP). That party, torn by ideological
sulted in the loss of hundreds of
symbol of the state. Japan has uni-
Cabinet orders to execute provisions
conflict between the Marxist class
thousands of lives on both sides and
Directors General
Wars With China and Russia
versal adult suffrage with a secret
of the Constitution and the law.
struggle approach of its predominate
included the atomic bombing of
ballot for all elective offices. The
The Cabinet must resign en masse:
Administrative Management Agency-
left wing and the more pragmatic
The Japanese leaders of the late
Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan signed
government has an executive, respon-
(1) when it no longer enjoys the
Yuzo Matsuzawa
approach of the right wing, appears to
19th century, alert to internal and
an instrument of surrender on the
sible to the legislature, and an inde-
confidence of the House of Represent-
Environmental Agency-Tatsuo Ozawa
have stabilized its position after a
Western "power politics," regarded the
U.S.S. Missouri on September 2, 1945.
pendent judiciary.
atives, unless the House is dissolved
Japan Defense Agency-Michita Sakata
period of decline maintaining the
Korean peninsula as "a dagger pointed
As a result of World War II, Japan
The bicameral Diet is constitu-
within 10 days after the no-confidence
National Land Agency-Shin
support of 20-25 percent of the elec-
at the heart of Japan." It was over
lost all of its recently acquired posses-
tionally designated as the highest
vote; (2) when the prime ministership
Kanemaru
torate. Its main support comes from
Korea that Japan became involved in
sions and retained only the home
organ of state power and is the sole
is vacant; (3) upon the first convoca-
Prime Minister's Office-Mitsunori
the 4.5 million-member General Fed-
war with the Chinese Empire in
islands. Manchukuo was dissolved, and
lawmaking body of the government. It
tion of the Diet after a general election
Ueki
eration of Trade Unions (Sohyo).
1894-95 and with Russia in 1904-05.
Manchuria was returned to China;
consists of the House of Representa-
for the House of Representatives.
Science and Technology Agency-
The Komeito (Clean Government
As a result of the war with China,
Japan renounced all claims to
tives (Lower House)-491 members
Judicial power is vested in the
Yoshitake Sasaki
Party), the political arm of the
Japan acquired a part of southern
Formosa; Korea was granted
elected for a maximum 4-year term-
Supreme Court and in such courts as
Ambassador to the U.S.-Takeshi
Buddhist sect Soka Gakkai, has
Manchuria, the Pescadores Islands, and
independence; southern Sakhalin and
and the House of Councillors, (Upper
are established by law. These include
Yasukawa
recently attempted to broaden its
Formosa. Japan defeated Russia in the
the Kuriles were occupied by the
House)-252 members elected for a
district courts and high courts (courts
Ambassador to the U.N.-Shizuo Saito
base. The party grew rapidly in its
war of 1904-05, and the resulting
U.S.S.R.; and the United States
6-year term (one-half elected every 3
of appeal). The Chief Justice is
became the sole administering au-
appointed by the Emperor upon
Japan maintains an Embassy in the
early years but representation in the
Treaty of Portsmouth awarded Japan
years). One hundred members of the
thority of the Ryukyu, Bonin, and
designation by the Cabinet. All other
U.S. at 2520 Massachusetts Ave., NW.,
Diet declined in the 1972 elections.
certain rights in Manchuria and
House of Councillors are elected from
southern Sakhalin (Russia had received
Volcano Islands. (The United States
Washington, D.C. 20008. There are
The Komeito appears essentially con-
the nation at large and the remainder
members of the Supreme Court are
southern Sakhalin in 1875 in exchange
had returned control of all the islands
by prefecture.
appointed directly by the Cabinet.
Consulates General in Atlanta,
servative and opposed to communism
for the Kurile Islands). These two wars
to Japan by 1972 with the reversion of
Appointments are reviewed by the
Chicago, Honolulu, Houston, Los
but has joined the other opposition
The Emperor, with the advice and
gave Japan a free hand in Korea, which
Okinawa.)
approval of the Cabinet, may dissolve
people at the next general election and
Angeles, New Orleans, New York City,
parties in parliamentary maneuvers
it formally annexed in 1910.
the House of Representatives in which
again after 10 years.
San Francisco, Seattle, Portland, and
against the Liberal Democrats.
Japan was placed under the inter-
national control of the Allied Powers
The Constitution requires that
Guam; a Consulate in Anchorage;
No longer stridently revolutionary,
World War I to Present
case a general election must be held
through the Supreme Commander for
regulations for the organization and
honorary Consulates General in
the Japanese Communist Party (JCP)
within 40 days. The House of Repre-
administration of local governments be
Boston, Denver, Miami, Detroit,
has rejected close ties with either
World War I permitted Japan, the
the Allied Powers (SCAP), Gen.
sentatives may force the resignation of
only Asian member of the Allies, to
Douglas MacArthur. U.S. objectives
Minneapolis, Kansas City, St. Louis,
Moscow or Peking and now espouses a
the Cabinet by passing a motion of
"in accordance with the principle of
local autonomy." Japan, however,
Cleveland, Philadelphia, and San Juan;
parliamentary road to power like the
expand its influence in Asia and its
were to insure that Japan would
no-confidence, unless the House of
become a peaceful nation and to
does not have a federal system, and its
and honorary Consulates in San Diego,
major West European Communist
territorial holdings in the Pacific and
Representatives is dissolved within 10
establish democratic self-government
Mobile, and American Samoa.
parties. It portrays itself as a "lovable"
brought unprecedented prosperity to
days of the motion.
47 Prefectures are not sovereign
party, using nationalistic posters and
the country. It went to the peace
supported by the freely expressed will
Bills, which may be submitted by
entities in the sense that American
POLITICAL CONDITIONS
an approach focusing on popular
conference at Versailles in 1919 as one
of the people. Reforms were intro-
the government or by individual
States are. Most of them are not
duced in the political, economic, and
financially self-sufficient but depend
Japan is one of the most politically
issues-pollution, prices, and deficien-
of the great military and industrial
members of the Diet, become law on
stable of all postwar democracies. It
cies in public services, schools, hospi-
powers of the world and received
social spheres. The method of ruling
passage by a simple majority of both
on the central government for sub-
has been ruled for more than 25 years
tals, and roads.
official recognition as one of the "Big
through Japanese officials and a freely
Houses. Should the House of Council-
sidies. Governors of Prefectures,
by a shifting coalition of moderate
The Democratic Socialist Party
Five" of the new international order.
elected Japanese Diet (legislature)
lors exercise a legislative veto on bills
mayors of municipalities, prefectural
passed by the House of Representa-
and municipal assemblymen are
conservative political interests.
(DSP) is a moderate Socialist party
It joined the League of Nations and
afforded a progressive and orderly
received a mandate over the Pacific
transition from the stringent controls
tives, such a veto may be overridden
elected by the people for 4-year terms.
The usually close cooperation be-
patterned after the European Social
tween politicians, the highly efficient,
Democrats. Its membership broke
islands north of the Equator that were
immediately following the surrender
by a two-thirds vote of the House of
Principal Government Officials
dedicated bureaucracy, and the busi-
away from the JSP in 1958. It is
formerly held by Germany.
to the restoration of full sovereignty
Representatives. When the House of
Councillors disagrees with the House
Head of State-The Emperor Hirohito
ness community has given cohesion to
supported by Japan's second largest
During the 1920's Japan made
when the treaty of peace with Japan
labor federation, the Japanese Con-
progress toward establishing a demo-
went into effect on April 28, 1952.
Prime Minister-Takeo Miki
national policymaking. The political
of Representatives on budgetary
Since the peace treaty Japan has
Deputy Prime Minister; Director Gen-
organization representing Japanese
federation of Labor (Domei), but its
cratic system of government. However,
matters or on Diet approval of treaties,
parliamentary government was not
been ruled by conservative govern-
eral, Economic Planning Agency-
moderate conservatism is the Liberal
strength has declined in recent years.
the decision of the House of Repre-
ments whose policy has been to main-
Takeo Fukuda
Democratic Party (LDP). The party is
While Japanese politics are still
deeply enough rooted to weather the
sentatives prevails if the disagreement
pressures in the 1930's from economic
tain a close orientation to the West.
actually a coalition of 8-10 well-
characterized by stability, the LDP's
cannot be resolved within 30 days.
Other Ministers
and political forces. Military leadership
The institutions of parliamentary
organized factions whose fortunes rise
position is not completely assured. In
Executive power is vested in a
played an increasingly influential role
democracy have become progressively
Agriculture and Forestry-Shintaro Abe
or fall with the ability of the factional
national elections for the lower house,
Cabinet composed of the Prime Min-
6
7
popular support for the LDP-endorsed
During the last House of Represent-
with a bare majority of 129 out of the
and facilities provided by Japan are
there remains in the minds of the
and foreign trade have resulted in the
candidates has declined an average of
atives elections in December 1972,
252 seats. Their opposition included
especially important to the U.S. ability
Japanese people a strong antipathy
development of a mature industrial
about 2 percent per election from a
LDP-endorsed candidates wen 271
the JSP-63 seats, Komeito-24 seats,
to maintain its commitments to its
toward all things military and partic-
economy. Japan, along with North
high of 76 percent to a point where in
seats. With the subsequent affiliation
JCP-20 seats, DSP-10 seats, and
other allies in the Far East, as well as
ularly toward military uses of nuclear
America and Western Europe, is one of
the last elections (1972) it fell to
of independents and victories in by-
others. The LDP's percentage of the
for the security of Japan. U.S. military
energy, stemming from their prewar
the three major industrial complexes
about 47 percent. Consequently, the
elections, the LDP controlled 284
vote in the prefectural constituency
assistance to Japan was terminated at
and wartime experience with Japanese
among the market economies. Japan is
LDP counts on the inability of its
seats out of 491 seats. The JSP gained
races declined from 44 percent in
the end of FY 1967. Since 1952 U.S.
militarism and their unique position as
also the world's second largest foreign
opponents to unite and on its own
29 seats to increase to 119 seats after
1971 to 40 percent in 1974, an indica-
military forces in Japan have decreased
the only people in the world who have
aid donor.
proven ability to take advantage of the
falling to 90 seats in the 1969 elec-
tion that the long-term decline in the
from more than 260,000 to the
suffered from nuclear warfare.
unique Japanese elections system to
tions. The Komeito dropped from 47
LDP's popular vote in the national
present level of about 54,000,
Current Situation
maximize its Diet representation and
to 29 seats and the DSP from 31 to 19
elections was continuing. The next
including 35,000 on Okinawa.
seats. The JCP increased their repre-
The United States continues to
ECONOMY
In mid-1975 Japan finds itself in
remain in power. The LDP's perform-
Upper House elections will be in 1977.
the midst of the longest and most
ance in the economic field, one of its
sentation from 14 to 38 and for the
maintain its essential military facilities
Japan's waters are rich in aquatic
severe business slump in its postwar
strong points, has undeniably im-
first time since the late 1940's polled
on Okinawa under the terms of the
DEFENSE
life; however, the country is poor in
history. In 1974 real GNP declined by
proved the lot of the people in the
over 10 percent of the vote. Lower
Treaty of Cooperation and Mutual
land and other natural resources. Only
an estimated 2 percent over 1973,
postwar era, and déspite recent eco-
House elections must be held before
After World War II Japan was
Security, which will apply without
19 percent of the total land is pres-
when the economy grew 10.5 percent.
nomic difficulties the LDP is still the
December 1976 but may occur earlier.
completely disarmed by the Allies.
change to Okinawa.
ently suitable for cultivation. With
Japanese economic analysts believe
only party which the public trusts to
In the House of Councillors elec-
Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution
great ingenuity and technical skill,
that the recession has reached its
Japanese Self-Defense Forces
manage the economy.
tions in June 1974, the LDP emerged
provides that "land, sea, and air forces
which result in per-acre crop yields
nadir, but unemployment is still at
as well as other war potential, will
The Japanese Armed Forces have
among the highest in the world,
unprecedented levels. Consumer de-
never be maintained." In 1950 during
an authorized strength of 260,000
farmers produce on less than 13 mil-
mand is slack, and business investment
the Korean hostilities this position was
men. Their ground forces are organ-
lion acres under cultivation about 70
is in a prolonged slump. Even if
READING LIST
modified by the establishment of the
ized in 13 divisions, their naval forces
percent of the food needed by the
recovery occurs during the second half
National Police Reserve. Before the
have destroyers and submarines, and
present population, including all rice
of the year, as has been predicted,
These titles are provided as a general
Emmerson, John. Arms, Yen and
end of the Allied occupation in April
their air force has F-104's and F4's
requirements. The rest must be
little or no economic growth is antici-
indication of the material currently
Power. New York: Dunellen,
1952 the first steps had been taken to
coproduced in Japan.
imported.
pated for the year as a whole.
being published on Japan. The Depart-
1971.
expand and transform it into a self-
As U.S. forces were withdrawn,
Natural resources to meet the needs
ment of State does not endorse the
The recession is due in part to the
Gibney, Frank. Japan: The Fragile
defense force. At the same time, the
Japanese self-defense forces assumed
specific views in unofficial publications
of modern industry are few. Hydro-
government's preoccupation during
Superpower. New York: W.W.
as representing the position of the U.S.
Japanese Government derived from
their responsibilities. In 1958 the
electric power, although highly de-
the past 2 years with the problem of
Norton, 1975.
Government.
Article 51 of the U.N. Charter the
ground defense of Japan was assumed
veloped, generates less than half of the
inflation. In 1974 the consumer price
Ike, Nobutaka. Japan: The New
doctrine that each nation has the right
by the Japanese Ground Self-Defense
total supply of electricity, and Japan
index rose about 25 percent-the high-
Superstate. New York: Scribner,
of self-defense against armed attack
Force. Air defense responsibilities,
relies increasingly on thermal power to
est among the developed countries.
Abegglen, James C. Management
1974.
and that this right is consistent with
formerly undertaken by some U.S. Air
satisfy its rapidly growing energy re-
The inflationary spiral was stimulated
and Worker: The Japanese Solu-
Japan: The Official Guide. Tokyo:
Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution
Force units, have been assumed by the
quirements. Coal, found principally on
in large part by the quadrupling of oil
tion. New York: Harper and
Japan Travel Bureau.
In 1954 the National Defense
Japanese Air Self-Defense Force. The
Hokkaido and Kyushu, is plentiful,
prices and by large wage hikes averag-
Row, 1973.
Langdon, Frank C. Japan's Foreign
Agency was created with the specific
Japanese are continuing to make
but only 25 percent of the amount
ing over 30 percent in 1974. Since its
American University. Area Hand-
Policy. Vancouver: University of
mission of defending Japan against
modest technical and qualitative
mined is suitable for industrial
accession to power in November, the
book for Japan. Washington,
British Columbia Press, 1973.
external aggression. Ground, maritime,
improvements in their defense capabil-
purposes. Chromite, copper, gold,
Miki administration has placed pri-
D.C.: U.S. Government Printing
Mainichi Newspapers. Japan and
and air self-defense forces were estab-
ities, without acquiring any capability
magnesium, silver, and zinc meet cur-
mary emphasis in economic policy on
Office, 1974.
the Japanese. San Francisco:
lished, with a Joint Chiefs of Staff
for projecting their military power
rent minimum requirements, but
achieving price stability. In recent
Baereald, Hans. Japan's Parliament:
Japan Publications Trading Co.,
organization patterned after that of
beyond Japan's immediate vicinity.
Japan is dependent on foreign sources
months the rate of inflation has
An Introduction. New York:
1973.
the United States.
While the absolute cost for self-defense
for many of the minerals essential to
dropped off to less than 15 percent.
Cambridge University Press,
Minami, Hiroshi. Psychology of the
has increased rapidly, it still remains
modern industry. Iron, petroleum, and
Organized labor was induced to accept
1974.
Japanese People. Toronto: Uni-
U.S.Japan Security Relations
less than one percent of Japan's gross
coking coal head the list of Japan's
wage settlements averaging increases at
Beasley, William G. The Modern
versity of Toronto Press, 1972.
The United States and Japan are
national product. Japan is party to no
mineral needs.
about this level during the important
History of Japan. London:
Monroe, Wilbur F.Japan: Financial
allied under the terms of the 1960
military alliance save that with the
Although some two-thirds of the
spring negotiations recently con-
Praeger Publishers, 1974.
Markets and the World Econ-
Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and
United States.
total land area is forested, Japan can-
cluded. Nevertheless, Japanese policy-
Borton, Hugh. Japan's Modern
oTy. New York: Praeger
Security. Our security relationship
Although political, economic, and
not meet its rapidly growing require-
makers remain deeply concerned
Century. 2nd ed. New York:
Publishers, 1973.
dates from the period of the early
psychological factors have constrained
ments for lumber and wood pulp.
about a possible resurgence of infla-
William Morrow and Co., 1971.
Morley, James W., ed. Prologue to
1950's when Japan was virtually
the rate of development of the self-
Japan's exports earn only about 10
tion and have delayed taking signifi-
Brzezinshi, Zbigniew K. The Fragile
the Future: The U.S. and Japan
defenseless and a 1952 Security
defense forces, the proportion of the
percent of its GNP, much less than the
cant expansionary measures despite
Blossom: Crisis and Change in
in the Post-Industrial Age.
Treaty was negotiated at the same
public at large that acknowledges the
percentages of other "traditional"
pressure from industry.
Japan. New York: Harper and
Lexington, Mass.: Lexington
time as the Peace Treaty. The present
need for these forces has grown. Still,
trading nations. Although small in
The bright side of the economic
Row, 1971.
Books, 1974.
treaty, revised on a broader basis of
an important minority in Japan con-
terms of GNP, this trade is essential
picture is in trade. Although its oil
Bureau of Statistics. Japan Statis-
Ohkawa, Kazushi, and Henry
equality, came into force on June 23,
tinues to advocate strict interpretation
for earning the foreign exchange Japan
imports more than tripled in 1975,
tical Yearbook. Tokyo: Govern-
Rosovsky. Japanese Economic
1960, and became subject to abroga-
of Article 9 of the Constitution, and
needs to purchase the raw materials
Japan managed to run a small surplus
ment of Japan.
Growth. Stanford: Stanford
tion by either party at 1 year's notice
the government's freedom of action is
essential to its advanced economy.
on its trade balance through aggressive
Cohen, Jerome, ed. Pacific Partner-
University Press, 1973.
in June 1970. Both governments at the
seriously restricted. Competing de-
Japan's reservoir of industrial lead-
export marketing. In 1974 exports
ship: U.S.-Japan Trade. Lexing-
Varley, H. Paul. Japanese Culture:
time declared their intention to extend
mands of popular social welfare pro-
ership and technicians, its intelligent
rose almost 50 percent in value.
ton, Mass.: Lexington Books,
A Short History. New York:
the treaty for an indefinite future.
grams also serve to limit the percent-
and industrious working force, its high
During the first quarter of 1975 im-
1972.
Praeger Publishers, 1973.
The treaty has served its purposes
age of the overall budget devoted to
investment rate, and its intensive
ports dropped off markedly as the
well; for the United States the bases
the defense establishment. Above all,
promotion of industrial development
economic downturn became more
9
8
pervasive, and the trade surplus
investment. Only a few sectors are
Labor
exempted from automatic approval.
2.3 million. Domei, moderate and
Asia. While continuing to see their
questions of normalization of relations
increased. Japan's foreign exchange
Japan's labor force is estimated at
reserves stand at about $14 billion.
The United States and Japan coop-
non-Marxist, is the principal source of
national interests as lying primarily in
between Japan and the People's Re-
more than 60 million, an increase of
erate closely in multilateral efforts to
support for the DSP. It has been
Asia, the Japanese have also moved to
public of China is no longer a domestic
about 17 million since 1960. Less than
Trade and Investment With the U.S.
resolve global economic problems such
growing while Sohyo's membership
bolster their worldwide economic ties
political issue within Japan, and the
1.2 percent of the labor force is
as energy, barriers to trade, food secu-
has stagnated.
through greater diplomatic attention
United States and Japan have no prob-
Trade between the United States
unemployed, and the shortage of labor
rity, monetary reform, and North/
Churitsu Roren, a loose amalgam of
to the advanced nations of Europe and
lems over their respective approaches
and Japan, our largest overseas trading
is keenly felt in certain sectors of the
industrial workers who decline affilia-
South economic relations. Japan is an
the oil-producing nations of the
to China. The U.S.-Japan security rela-
partner, has prospered over the past 5
economy.
active and constructive participant in
tion with either Sohyo or Domei,
Middle East.
tionship, which has caused difficulties
years, rising from $10 billion in 1970
Japanese trade unionism in its pres-
the International Energy Agency, the
came into existence in January 1961.
in the past, is not now a divisive issue
to the current $24 billion annual level.
ent form is largely a post-World War
multilateral trade negotiations
It has a total membership of approxi-
U.S.JAPAN RELATIONS
in our relations. Some aspects of it
This unprecedented growth was
II phenomenon. The peak prewar
(MTN's), and the OECD. We welcome
mately 1.4 million drawn mostly from
remain potential friction points but
accompanied by a reduction in the
union membership (1936) was
Japan's commitment to a liberal trade
the Electrical Manufacturing Workers
"We consider our security treaty
both countries value highly the on-
420,000, or 7 percent of Japan's non-
with Japan the cornerstone of
United States persistent bilateral trade
and workers in the various construc-
deficit, which had been slashed from a
policy, as evidenced by its unilateral
agricultural labor force. At present an
stability in the vast reaches of
going consultations and coordination
tion trades.
import liberalization and its active
Asia and the Pacific. Our relations
regarding security questions in this
record of $4.1 billion in 1972 to $1.8
estimated 12.4 million workers, or 34
involvement in the MTN's, but never-
are crucial to our mutual well-
new era of détente. Both the United
billion by 1974 (about $500 million
percent of the nonagricultural labor
theless we believe that further liber-
FOREIGN RELATIONS
being. Together, we are working
States and Japan recognize the need
higher than 1973). Major U.S. experts
force, belong to about 68,000 unions.
energetically on the international
for a reduction and consolidation of
alization in certain sectors, for ex-
are food and feedgrains, business ma-
More than 8 million union members
ample, automobiles and computer
Japan today is a major power not
multilateral agenda-in trade,
the U.S. military presence on Japan
chines, aircraft, and coal; major im-
are organized in three major union
only in Asia but in the world; an
energy, and food. We will con-
and have been working together to-
ports from Japan are automobiles, iron
equipment, is needed.
federations. Consequently, labor is the
advanced industrialized country, it
tinue the process of strengthening
ward that end.
and steel products, and household
largest organized group in Japan.
ranks third in terms of GNP. Its
our friendship, mutual security,
Transportation
Both governments recognize the
appliances.
Sohyo (General Federation of
and prosperity."
foreign policy since 1952 has sought
seriousness of current international
U.S. investment in Japan about $3
Japan has a well-developed inter-
Trade Unions), the largest (4.5 million
to promote peace and the prosperity
President Ford's address
economic problems and seek to coor-
billion. The book value of Japanese
national and domestic transportation
members) and most powerful organiza-
of its people through support of the
before a joint session of
dinate and cooperate in their respec-
investment in the United States is said
system, although highway develop-
tion in the Japanese labor movement,
United Nations, close ties with the
Congress, April 10, 1975
tive efforts to resolve the energy prob-
to be about $300 million, but actual
ment still lags. The ports of Yoko-
was established in 1950 in protest
West, and a special recognition of its
Relations between the United
lem, liberalize world trading rules,
value is believed to be in the range of
hama, Kobe-Osaka, and Nagoya and
against the JCP's domination of the
status as an Asian nation. Japan has
States and Japan are solidly based on a
reform international monetary
$1.5-$2 billion. Since 1967, and par-
the Tokyo International Airport are
then-leading union federation. No
diplomatic relations with almost all
common commitment to the goals of a
arrangements, and create new
ticularly since 1973, partly in response
important terminals for sea and air
sooner had the new organization been
independent countries, including the
stable peace and economic growth and
approaches to food and raw materials
to U.S. prodding, Japan has moved to
traffic in the western Pacific, with
founded, however, than the Com-
People's Republic of China, the Soviet
prosperity for all nations. Together we
problems. We are confident that with-
dismantle controls on foreign direct
modern facilities for passengers and
munist element left the old federation
Union, and the East European bloc
have developed a wide range of ties in
in a large framework of common and
freight. Japan Air Lines began round-
(which quickly went out of existence)
countries. It has economic but not
the political, economic, cultural, and
complementary interests, the general
the-world flights through New York in
and joined Sohyo en masse. Non-
TRAVEL NOTES
diplomatic relations with the Republic
scientific fields. The security and gen-
policies of the United States and Japan
1967.
Communist elements have been in
of China on Taiwan. A member of the
eral welfare of the American and
can work in harmony.
The domestic transportation system
control of Sohyo since 1957, although
Climate and Clothing-Tokyo has rela-
United Nations since December 1956,
Japanese peoples have become increas-
tively mild winters with little or no
is heavily dependent on the govern-
the Communists have increased their
Japan is also an active member of all
ingly interdependent.
Okinawa Reversion Treaty
snowfall and hot, humid summers. A
ment-owned rail network. This is
influence on some unions affiliated
the U.N. specialized agencies and seeks
In addition to the Treaty of Peace
An historic example of U.S.-Japan
four-season wardrobe is recommended
supplemented by private railways in
with Sohyo in recent years. Even the
a permanent seat on the Security
of 1951, the U.S.-Japan relationship is
cooperation was the return to Japa-
for travel throughout Japan.
and near the large cities, a developing
non-Communist wing of Sohyo is
Council. Although the Constitution
formally defined by the Treaty of
nese administration of the Ryukyu
highway system, coastwise shipping,
Marxist in orientation, however, and
Customs-All visitors must have the
and government policy deny Japan a
Mutual Cooperation and Security of
Islands on May 15, 1972. In November
appropriate Japanese visa for entry.
and several airlines. The rail system is
endorses concepts such as class warfare
military role, Japanese cooperation
1960 and many other agreements and
1969 President Nixon and Prime
Smallpox is the only immunization for
well distributed throughout the coun-
and tactics such as the political general
through the U.S.-Japan Security
understandings. The United States
Minister Sato agreed to begin negotia-
visitors arriving directly from the U.S.
try, well maintained, and offers effi-
strike. Since 1960 Sohyo has appeared
Treaty and American security
frequently consults with Japan on
tions for the return of the islands,
cient service, moving more passengers
to move in the direction of modera-
Health-Sanitary conditions in Japan are
arrangements with other countries in
various governmental levels regarding
which had been under U.S. administra-
more miles than any other rail system
tion, placing greater emphasis on eco-
the best in Asia; in general, food and
the area has been very important to
matters of mutual concern. Coopera-
tion since the end of World War II, in
water are safe throughout Japan. Well
in the world. The new super expresses,
nomic "struggles" and objectives and
the peace and stability of the region.
tion with Japan is facilitated by the
accordance with the longstanding U.S.
qualified Japanese doctors, many of
the fastest trains in the world, now
somewhat less on political agitation.
All Japanese governments in the
operation of a number of intergovern-
recognition of Japan's residual sover-
whom speak English, practice in the
take as little as 3 hours between
Sohyo is the major organizational and
postwar period have relied on a close
mental and private committees and
eignty and the commitment reaffirmed
larger cities.
Tokyo and Osaka, a distance of 325
financial prop of the Japan Socialist
relationship with the United States as
conferences.
by every President since President
miles. In the spring of 1975, service to
Party, and its position on international
Telecommunications-Telegraph facili-
the foundation of their foreign policy
Broadly speaking, there has been a
Eisenhower for their eventual return.
Fukuoka by the super express was
questions parallels that of the party.
ties are excellent. Long distance calls,
and on the Mutual Security Treaty
shift in recent years within U.S.-Japan
Reversion thus removed what had
inaugurated, thus linking all of Japan's
either international or within Japan, can
Two-thirds of its membership are
with the United States for Japan's
relations away from an emphasis on
become an important political issue in
be placed with little difficulty.
major urban centers by a single high-
national and local public service
strategic protection. Within the con-
bilateral issues toward increased con-
Japan.
speed inter-urban rail line.
workers, including railwaymen, postal
text of this alliance with the United
sideration of common multilateral
Although the United States relin-
Transportation-The major cities have
In recent years there have been
workers, teachers, and municipal and
States, the Japanese Government has
problems. Considerable progress has
subways, interurban surface and elevated
quished its administrative rights over
increasing appropriations for highway
prefectural government employees.
trains, buses, and taxis. The national
moved in recent years to diversify and
been achieved in the resolution of past
Okinawa, it retains essential military
building and maintenance in an effort
Domei (Japan Confederation of
railway system serves most of Japan and
expand its foreign relations by estab-
points of difference between the two
bases there under the provisions of the
to bring the road system abreast of the
Labor) consists almost entirely of
is widely used by foreigners. Japan is
lishing diplomatic relations with the
countries. The Japanese Government
1960 Treaty of Mutual Cooperation
served by a number of international
rapidly increasing numbers of cars and
unions in the private enterprise sector.
P.R.C., seeking to improve relations
has taken a number of important
and Security and its related arrange-
airlines and steamship companies and has
trucks. A modern 325-mile expressway
It was formed in 1964 by the union of
with the Soviet Union, and expanding
economic policy measures which go a
ments, which apply to Okinawa with-
several domestic airlines.
between Tokyo and Kobe was opened
Zenro and Sodomei labor federations
trade and cultural relations with other
long way toward restoring balance to
out change. The United States, how-
in 1969.
and at present claims a membership of
Communist nations, particularly in
our bilateral economic relations. The
ever, released some of its facilities and
10
areas which were no longer required,
mutual cooperation in economic,
Minister-Counselor for public
and Japan acquired a number of civil
social, and scientific areas in which we
Affairs-William D. Miller
assets.
share common concern.
Counselor of Embassy for Political
Affairs-Richard W. Petree
President Ford's Visit
Counselor of Embassy for Political/
The Department of State BULLETIN
On November 18 through 22, 1974,
The Emperor's Visit
Military Affairs-Howard M.
President Ford journeyed to Japan,
McElroy
Published weekly, the Department of State Bulletin provides infor-
the first such visit to that country by
On September 26, 1971, President
Counselor of Embassy for Economic
mation on developments in foreign relations and on the work of the De-
an American president while in office.
Nixon
journeyed
to
Anchorage,
Alaska
Affairs-William Piez
Counselor of Embassy for Commercial
partment and Foreign Service. It contains statements and addresses made
He met with the Emperor, then-Prime
Affairs-John E. Mellor
by the President, the Secretary of State, the U.S. Representative to the
Minister Tanaka, and various Japanese
political leaders. Both in Tokyo and
Counselor of Embassy for Administra-
United Nations, and other principal officers of the government, together
Kyoto, where he visited historic and
tive Affairs-Charles W. Falkner
with selected press releases on foreign policy issued by the White House
cultural sites, the President was
ever history stopover the of to During Japan welcome first left that Japanese time en to President the route American a in reigning all Emperor territory. to of Europe. Japan's Ford's soil Emperor and during recorded This Empress visit their had was to
Consul General, Tokyo-Lewis E.
and the Department. Information is included on treaties and international
warmly greeted by the Japanese.
Crosson
agreements to which the United States is or may become a party.
In recent years, following the rever-
Consul General, Osaka-Kobe-William
sion of Okinawa, relations between the
Japan in 1974, the Emperor accepted
H. Bruns
United States and Japan have been
the President's invitation to visit the
Consul General, Naha-John Sylvester,
How To Obtain
moving into a new stage, characterized
United States. The Emperor and
Jr.
by a greater sense of equality, breadth
Empress plan to visit the United States
Consul, Fukuoka-Karl S. Richardson
The Bulletin is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S.
of common purpose, and mutual com-
in October 1975. In addition to meet-
Consul, Sapporo-Lawrence F. Farrar
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402: 52 issues, domestic
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fully highlighted the strength and
Empress will spend 2 weeks touring
Chief, Mutual Defense Assistance
Room 4831, Department of State, Washington, D.C. 20520.
closeness of this new relationship.
various American cities, and marine
Office-Capt. Charles W. Cole, USN
The joint communique issued at the
research institutes in both Massachu-
Defense Attaché-Capt. Marvin L.
conclusion of the President's visit
setts and California.
Duke, USN
reaffirmed the importance both Japan
and the United States attach to this
Principal U.S. Officials
relationship and placed a sharpened
Ambassador-James D. Hodgson
The U.S. Embassy in Tokyo is
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DEPARTMENT OF STATE PUBLICATION 7770, Revised August 1975
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