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Calhoun, John
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1669922
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Calhoun, John
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William J. Baroody Files (Ford Administration)
William Baroody's White House Memoranda
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Republican National Committee (U.S.)
African Americans
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The original documents are located in Box 21, folder "Calhoun, John" of the William
J. Baroody Jr., Files, 1974-77 at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
Copyright Notice
The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of
photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald R. Ford donated to the United
States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections.
Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public
domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to
remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid
copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
Digitized from Box 21 of the William J. Baroody Jr., Files, 1974-77
at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
Mr. Baroody:
Didn't Stan Scott say the
VP had given a definite no
on this?
Loraine
yer
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
January 6, 1975
FORD & GERALD LIBRARY
MEMORANDUM FOR:
WILLIAM J. BAROODY, JR.
FROM:
JOHN CALHOUN G.C.
SUBJECT:
National Newspaper Publishers Speech
Would appreciate your assistance in bringing to the Vice President's
attention an invitation extended to him or the President to address
this group on Friday, January 24 at 7:30 p.m. The time can
probably be adjusted one hour earlier or later. The President's
schedule will not permit his participation.
NNPA represents a majority of the 200 Black oriented newspapers
in the Nation. They will meet at the Mayflower Hotel January 22-24
in what is called their mid-winter workshop.
On January 23 we will have a Cabinet level briefing for them in
the EOB. The President will probably drop-by during this
3 hour briefing.
The Vice President would demonstrate the Administration's interest
and concern for this Nation's 25 million Black citizens should he
consent to be the dinner speaker on Friday. In view of the domestic
scene, we need this message to go out loud and clear.
Other purposes would be:
1) To generate a feeling of mutual respect between the Black
press and the Administration.
2) To gain much needed support of the Black community for
the Administration.
Background: Former RNC Chairman George Bush and the
DNC counterpart addressed NNPA's meetings last year.
Previous Administrations have maintained a close working
relationship with NNPA.
I will be happy to work with members of the Vice President's staff
in furnishing background and preparation of remarks.
NNPA MID-WINTYR WORKSHOP
January 22-25, 1975
Mayflower Hotel
Washington, D. C.
Tentative Program
Wednesday, January 22
2:00 - 5:00
Registration
6:00 P. M.
Board Meeting
President's Suite
8:00 P. M.
Reception
Thursday, January 23
8:15 A. M.
Continental Breakfast
9:00 A. M.
Registration
9:00 A. M.
Newspaper Circulation Seminar
"Ways of Promoting Circulation"
Moderator: Longworth M. Quinn, Michigan Chronicle
Panelists: Robert H. Fentress, Johnson Publications
Joe Lewis, East St. Louis Crusader
Mrs. Lenora Carter, Houston Forward Times
Circulation Director, Wall Street Journal
10:00 A. M.
"Ways of Selling Subscriptions"
Moderator: John H. Murphy III, Afro-American
Panelists: Frederick Sengstacke, Chicago Defender
Mrs. Lancie P. Thomas, Mobile Beacon
Circulation Director, Newsweek
Christopher Bennett, Seattle Medium
11:00 A. M.
"Solving Street Sale and Home Delivery Problems"
Moderator: Garth C. Reeves, Miami Times
Panelists: Mrs. Marjorie B. Parham, Cincinnati Herald
N. A. Sweets, St. Louis American
William A. Scott III, Atlanta Daily World
12:00 Noon
"Importance of Circulation Verification"
Moderator: Krs. Ruth Washington, Los Angeles Sentinel
Panelists: Officials of Audit Bureau of Circulation
12:45 P. M.
Break for Lunch
1:00 P. M.
Luncheon
Presiding: Howard B. Woods, St. Louis Sentinel
NNPA Vice President
Invocation:
Greetings: Mayor Walter Washington of Washington, D. C.
Stanley S. Scott, Special Assistant to the President
Stanford Smith, President, ANPA
Theodore A. Serrill, Executive Vice President, NNA
Address:
Congresswoman Shirley Chisholm or Rep. Yvonne Burke
3:00 P. M.
Executive Session
6:30 P. M.
Reception -- cash bar
7:30 P. M.
Dinner
Presiding: John H. Sengstacke, Sengstacke Newspapers
NNPA Founder
Greetings: Eddie Williams, President, Joint Center
for Political Studies
Dr. Lovinger Bowden, Acting Dean, School
of Communications, Howard University
Introduction of Speaker: Mrs. Dorothy Leavell, Chicago New Crusader
Address: Dr. Carlton B. Goodlett, San Francisco Sun Reporter
NNPA President
2
Friday, January 24
8:15 A. M.
Continental Breakfast
9:00 A. M.
Registration
9:00 A. N.
Advertising Seminar
Mresrator: John L. Procope, New York Amsterdam News
Panelists:
Planning an Advertising Campaign
Kenneth O. Wilson, Afro-American Newspapers
Analyzing the Market
Norman W. Powell, Amalgamated Publishers, Inc.
Developing Sales Approach
Representative of J. Walter Thompson
The Sales Presentation
Ms. Ophelia DeVore, Columbus Daily Times
and National Black Monitor
11:00 A. M.
Special Problems of Publishers
Moderator: William O. Walker, Cleveland Call & Post
Panelists: John A. Saunders, Philadelphia Tribune
John B. Smith, Atlanta Inquirer
Mrs. Mildred Brown, Omaha Star
William H. Lee, Sacramento Observer
George McElroy, Houston Daily Informer
12:45 P. M.
Break for Lunch
1:00 P. M.
Luncheon
Presiding: Mrs. Lenora Carter, Houston Forward Times
NNPA Secretary
Greetings: President of Capital Press Club
Basil Paterson, Vice Chairman, DNC
Arthur Fletcher, GOP National Committee
Introduction of Speaker: William O. Walker
Address:
John H. Powell, Jr., Chairman Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission
3:00 P. M.
FREE TIME
6:30 P. M.
Reception -- cash bar
7:30 P. M.
Dinner
Presiding:
Dr. Carlton B. Goodlett, San Francisco Sun Reporter
NNPA President
Greetings: Berkeley G. Burrell, President, National Business League
Clarence Mitchell, Jr., Director, Washington Bureau
NAACP
Address:
President Gerald R. Ford or Vice President
Nelson Rockefeller
or
Senator Henry M. Jackson
Saturday, January 25
9:00 A. M.
Board Meeting
President's Suite
Bon Voyage
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
March 27, 1975
TO:
KEN LAZERUS
FROM: WILLIAM J. BAROODY, JR.
Ken: What's the White
House policy on something
like the attached?
Attachment
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
MAR.20
Date
TO: BILL BAROODY
FROM: JOHN CALHOUN
PLEASE ADVISE IF YOU THINK
THIS MIGHT NOT BE A
GOOD MOVE.
Carlton Press, Inc.
84 FIFTH AVENUE NEW YORK, N. Y. 10011
CHelsea 3-8800
March 10, 1975
John Calhoun
2816 Hewitt Avenue
Wheaton, MD
20906
Dear Mr. Calhoun:
You will be gratified to know that MASS COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN has
received a responsive reaction from our reader's staff. The folbwing excerpts
from our evaluation and plans for publication demonstrate what may be formulated
for your book.
MASS COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN, by John Calhoun, is a book that is
valuable to anyone doing business in Japan, who plans to visit or live there,
or simply wants to learn more about the cultural life of that nation
In-
cluded in this informative book are commentaries on Japanese customs,
history, how the communications system works, the philosophy of
Japanese attitudes, and a breakdown of the leading radio and TV stations,
newspapers, journals of opinion, magazines, etc., along with practical
information about how Japanese get their news and form their attitudes and
opinions about life and the rest of the world. (Our editor will correct
minor errors in spelling and punctuation along with some judicious pruning
to achieve a book of 96 pages overall.)
Recommended
for
its
valuable
data of useto businessmen, travelers, investors, etc., who want to learn
more about Japan and the potential market there for trade and communicatio
As to production details, the contemplated format and appearance of this
work will prompt extra sales appeal. Design an attractive jacket in color
and have binding cloth harmonize. Editor Warren should sendjacket copy
and biographical sketch to author for suggestions. Print monochromatically
on quality paper using the author's charts and tabular material for reproduc-
tion purposes with ample margins and stylized typography. The Hearthstone
imprint on our forthcoming listis highly recommended.
Beyond the editorial and production considerations, your book offers a variety of
promotional and publicity aspects. Press releases will be sent to radio-TV
stations and national and specialized magazines and newspapers. Copies of the
book will be mailed to reviewers all over the country. Bookstores will be
contacted and reading copies rushed to major distributors for larger orders;
personal interviews and autograph parties will be arranged wherever possible.
Space ads will be reserved in local and national papers. A description of the
book will be included in our next catalog and will be listed in such trade reference
journals as BOOKS IN PRINT, TRADE LIST ANNUAL, etc.
The above quotations taken from our report indicate the merit, the varied
publicity and promotion features, the editorial reaction, and the direct
mail approach on your work that our staff will explore.
It is with distinct pleasure, therefore, that our publishing agreement is
submitted for your signature.
My department heads have already been notified and our efforts will be
directed to review attention -- window displays -- autograph parties --
regional and national advertising -- local radio and TV appearances if
convenient for you -- library orders --- press releases -- and bookstore
and jobber sales coverage. There is a broad and ever-growing market
potential for your book, although it is of course directed to a special
audience. For the protection of you and your heirs, the copyright for
your book will be taken in your name.
In addition, the subsidiary rights market is worthy of exploration. We 'll
aim for negotiations with book clubs, reprint houses, and perhaps foreign
publishers for translation rights. As you will understand, no publisher
can predict how an unpublished book will sell and in fact the range might be
anywhere from one copy to many thousands; much depends on the response
of the reviewers and public, both beyond control. The future alone will tell
whether the sale is moderate, negligible, or highly successful. You may be
sure, however, that our various pledges will be faithfully honored -- that the
promotion, sales and publicity activities clearly specified in our contract for
your protection will be fulfilled and that your book will be an extremely
attractive volume of which you and your family can long be proud.
I have every confidence that our efforts and craftsmanship in production
will measure up to your fullest expectations.
With the new book season approaching, our artist should start planning jacket
sketches for your approval. And, incidentally, the completed questionnaire
and your photo for the back of the jacket will help our promotion campaign.
Everyone here joins me in best wishes for your future success. The original
copy of the enclosed contract is for your file. Please sign and return the
carbon copy to my attention.
Cordially yours,
United Ueedan
M. U. Sheldon
Executive Vice President
MUS:cll
P.S. A memorandum of some details is enclosed for your personal records.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
Date APRIL 28
TO: WAYNE V
FROM: JOHN (ALHOUN
DERALO R % FORD LIBRARY
For your information
For your appropriate handling
For your review and comments
Return to me
Return to central files
Comments: WOULD ADVISE AGAINST ANY
FURTHER COMMUNICATIONS WITH Tom
CURTIS, AT THIS POINT.
-file WV
one
THE WHITE HOUSE
washington
DATE 4/23/75
TO: John Colloun
FROM: WAYNE H. VALIS WN
For your information
Per our conversation
Other:
for WJB
droft response
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
DATE: 4/23/75
TO:
F. DEBACA
PAM POWELL
JEFF EVES
STAN SCOTT
VIRGINIA KNAUER
WAYNE VALIS
PAT LINDH
JOHN VICKERMAN
TED MARRS
DON WEBSTER
FROM: WILLIAM J. BAROODY, JR.
FOR YOUR INFORMATION
FOR APPROPRIATE ACTION
FOR YOUR COMMENTS/
RECOMMENTATIONS
OTHER:
Tom turtis article
UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE
NEWARK.DELAWARE
19711
BLACK STUDIES
april 16,1975
Dear Bill,
I am glad that you found the condensation
of any article, from the Philadelphia Inquirer,
of intast.
Because of your interest in He fullarticle,
there enclosed an advance copy. Hopefully,
you mill find it of interest, as well.
Sincerely,
So om Cartis
The Sober Seventies
by Thomas Curtis
It has become fashionable in some quarters, especially those fre-
quented by the Liberal Establishment, to look back with longing at the
decade of the Sixties, and explain away many a societal shortcoming
by blaming the recession, or recent incumbents of the White House, or
some other existential condition related to the passing of the last
decade. A case in point is a recent speech by Temple University
President Marvin Wachman, which puts forth the thesis that our current
economic problems have "set back race relations in the United States
10 years or more."
Contrasting this decade with the last, Dr. Wachman believes that
the "belief in the reality of brotherhood has dimmed," in our post-
Vietnam era, and that the "worst obstacle to brotherhood today is the
national economy." Such sentiments are not atypical of the nostalgic
unreality of so many Establishment white liberals, who seize upon any
excuse, however transparent and self-serving, to counsel blacks as to
why we must "go slow." I fail to see any reason for blacks' once again
deferring our right to equality of treatment, in order to serve white
liberals' political and economic goals.
From my perspective--that of a black American who as a college
student played an active role in the civil rights sit-in movement of
the Sixties, as a lawyer and Congressional assistant helped to codify
and institutionalize the civil rights gains which the movement had
made, and as an Army Officer fulfilled my commitment under other laws
-2-
of this nation, and fully earned the right to criticize our Southeast
Asian involvement--the Sixties were not all that great and glowing and
meaningful, and the Seventies have much to recommend them.
The sit-in movement gave younger white liberals something to
occupy their time--niggers were the latest fad, somewhere between hula
hoops and planting trees, but way before running around naked. For
liberals of all ages, the marches, the hymn-singing, even for those
who did not believe, gave them a warm feeling deep inside.
This is not to denigrate the genuine efforts of the precious few
who made our cause their personal commitment. It is just to remind the
many for whom our movement was but a media event that we were about
some serious stuff--making the Constitution and laws of the United
States truly meaningful to our kind of people. Behind the tension
and the fervor, and the single moments of pure exultation, that is
what we were about. Becoming wholly American, protections as well
as obligations.
After the white kids had gone home, we had to make our peace with
the mundane facts of our daily existence. And try to preserve some
of the gains that had come our way under the glare of the white man's
publicity apparatus. One of the continuing fears of those of us whose
rights were at stake was that the white liberals, in their ever-regen-
erating adolescence, would misread the transient mood of a particular
time in history, would confuse it, trick themselves into believing
that the millenium had arrived. We knew better. The federal govern-
ment was a reluctant ally, and no part of a deity at all. But the
white liberals were still patronizing, forcing us a bit later on, to
-3-
reward their friendly contempt with the rude shocks of black power.
Lyndon Johnson was president. Magnificent, and caring, and out-
rageous, a rebel who had the soul to make "We Shall Overcome" the
redemption of the Civil War's promise of full voting citizenship, in
the Voting Rights Act of 1965. His was the ultimate cooptation of the
movement, inviting and directing the hitherto separate stream of
protest into the mainstream of American political life. The liberals
who now speak reverently of the federal largess of the Sixties, were
often the very ones who savaged their patron for his accent, and his
manners, and the war which he adopted. One wondered which was the
basic fault for which they blamed him.
After the Great Society we are spending billions more on failing
education than we were before the Great Society was proclaimed. In
view of the mounting parental dissatisfaction with our children's
education, and the mounting functional illiteracy, a good case can be
made that additional monies are a minus factor in the educational
equation. Perhaps, like the billions spent in Southeast Asia, a
good bit of the domestic spending represented the recurring affluent
American illusion that any problem or difficulty can be submerged in
a sea of dollars.
Another distressful result of the illusory affluence of the late
Sixties was the white backlash phenomenon, as recent arrivals on our
middle class treadmill tended to scorn the ever more apparent
casualties of our technological society, especially if they were of
another race or culture. It seems just a while ago that "welfare
bums" was almost respectable political rhetoric, as full payrolls for
-4-
the hardhats and on the assembly lines led all too many to forget the
common fate which all Americans share as a birthright, led all too
many to assume the permanence of their economic and social ascendance
over the "poor," whoever they are. It is such assumptions, born and
bred in times of affluence, which lead to permanent cleavages in the
political and social fabric.
But as in any family, in times of adversity temporary advantages
are forgotten, or at least overlooked. Regrettably, it took the
current recession to make too many of our citizens realize that we
Americans have more in common than some of us had recently thought--
that unemployment compensation, and food stamps, and in extreme cases
even welfare, are reasonable and necessary societal provisions for the
less fortunate. We realize anew that a society can best be judged by
the provision which it makes for its most helpless members.
The Johnsonian effort to bring the civil rights movement into the
front parlor, was effective in setting a broadened set of norms for our
society--acknowledging that the most pervasive effect which laws can
have in the process of social change is to affect the norms which stake
out the permissible bounds of our individual conduct. As the norms
changed, we blacks reacted, and began to get more serious about
defining ourselves in our own terms.
The power of rhetoric in a context of social change is such that
the serious, sober Seventies are more conducive to sensible thought
than the heady atmosphere of that shining historic moment, the movement
-5-
of the Sixties. But even if that were not so, the Sixties are over.
It was good to have been there, because we will not see them again.
If romantics lament their passing, well and good. Let them. But let
the sensible mundane people of this country get on with building on
the past, instead of wasting time reliving it.
(Thomas Curtis teaches Black Studies and Criminal Justice at
the University of Delaware.)
BLACK Curtis STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE
NEWARK, DELAWARE 19711
NEW
RPR1 i 75
10 :
Ms. William I. Baroody, Ir.
Assistant to the President
The W hite House
RECEPTION HOUSE SECURITY
Washington, D.C.
1 Processed APR 18 by: 1975 X
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
June 16, 1975
GERALD LIBRARY R. FORD
MEMORANDUM FOR:
BILL BAROODY
FROM:
JOHN CALHOUN q.S.
SUBJECT:
Congressman Lud Ashley (D-Ohio)
The Toledo Blade's article regarding the assistance requested
by Michael Pickard for his child and her grandmother contains
many inaccuracies and is apparently partisan in Mr. Ashley's
former opponent's favor.
The request was treated as a humane action, and at no time were
any political considerations attached to Mr. Pickard's request or
in any way reflected in my actions.
The circumstances as I recall them are as follows:
Carlton Finkbeiner called and asked for help for Mr. Pickard.
He was advised that Mr. Pickard is the proper person to make
this request.
Mr. Pickard called and was advised to send all details in a
night letter (telegram). Based on his request, I contacted
several persons on the Task Force, State Dept., etc., and
sent out two White House referrals.
I responded to a telephone call from the Toledo Blade reporter
and relayed the efforts made to be of assistance to Mr. Pickard.
It is a fact error and a dramatization to say that the request for
assistance was made "at the direction of the President. 11 The
reporter asked for an explanation of the White House referral
system, and his dramatization apparently came from that.
-2-
Congressman Ashley's complaint would be more appropriately
addressed to his former opponent for parlaying this matter into
a partisan political issue.
I will be happy to talk further about this matter.
cc: Jack Marsh
Charlie Leppert
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
DATE June 16, 1975
FOR: John Calhoun
FROM: WAYNE H. VALIS
For your information
Per our conversation
Other:
is about
Map Freidendorf
the would
like to have your verson
a has gave on
Enclosed are my only
copies of the materials,
THOMAS LUDLOW ASHLEY
2406 RAYBURN BUILDING
9TH DISTRICT, OHIO
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20515
COMMITTEES:
DISTRICT OFFICE:
BUDGET
Congress of the United States
FEDERAL BUILDING
234 SUMMIT STREET
BANKING, CURRENCY AND
TOLEDO, OHIO 43604
HOUSING
MERCHANT MARINE AND
house of Representatives
FISHERIES
Mashington, D.C. 20515
May 13, 1975
Mr. Charles Leppert, Jr.
Special Assistant for Legislative Affairs
The White House
Executive Office Building
Washington, D. C. 20500
Dear Charly:
Attached is a copy of the story from the TOLEDO BLADE
that we discussed a few minutes ago and also a letter to State
in which I asked verification of the contacts made by my
office in behalf of my constituent, Michael Pickard.
Although it would probably be difficult to establish, I
have a strong feeling that it was the efforts made in the
early part of April that made possible the evacuation of the
child and her grandmother. I say this on the basis that
Mr. Calhoon is said to have acted "at the direction of the
President" on April 22 and 4 days later they were in the
Philippines. It is pretty clear that if they hadn't been on
the list of 20 sent by the State Department to Saigon early in
April it would have been extremely difficult to locate the
child and her grandmother and achieve the necessary clearances
in the 4-day period after the White House got involved. If
there's any way of getting an expression on this, needless
to say it would be appreciated.
Let me say again that I have no particular feeling that
Mr. Calhoon exceeded his responsibility. The motives of others
involved, however, as revealed in the BLADE article are
something else again and I think it only fair -- at the very
least -- that the facts be allowed to speak for themselves.
I appreciate your understanding, Charly, and with best
wishes, I am
Sincerely yours,
Thomas Ludlow Ashley, M. C.
AMERICAN REVOLUTION
1778-1976
THIS STATIONERY PRINTED ON PAPER MADE WITH RECYCLED FIBERS
Finkbeiner Intervenes
Child, Grandmother In Philippines,
Toledo Couple Learn After Long Wait
Months of fear and frustration
Pickard telegraph him details
"It is our job to be responsive
for a North Toledo couple have
of, and the whereabouts of, the
to the needs of citizens. It is the
ended after a rapid chain of
child and her grandmother-
events followed an article in The
President's desire that we be re-
Blade that described their ef-
Three hours after receipt of
sponsive," Mr. Calhoun said of
forts to bring their four-year-old
the telegram April 22, Mr. Cal-
the action that followed.
daughter to safety from em-
houn took the information to the
President's office. Within an
In Toledo, the Pickards were
battled Saigon.
hour a White House messenger
so overjoyed at the news that
The child and her grand-
carried to the secretary of de-
they would be reunited with
mother now are in the Philip-
pines with other refugees air-
fense and secretary of state let-
their daughter, Diane, that they
lifted from Vietnam in the
ters requesting that at the "di-
forgot to ask where she was in
American mercy airlift.
rection of the president" all pos-
the Philippines, or when she
would arrive in the United
sible assistance be given in the
Michael Pickard, of 222 Austin
States.
matter, Mr. Calhoun said today.
St.. said the article in The Blade
Received Phone Call
was seen by Carleton Fink-
The results: A phone call in
beiner. The unsuccessful Repu-
the early morning hours of Sat-
The grandmother, Mrs. Ngu-
blican candidate for Congress
urday informing the Pickards
yen Thi Quoi, telephoned them
last fall: brought the matter to
that the child and her grand-
from the Philippines, Mr. Pick-
the attention of a White House
mother were safe in the Philip-
ard said today.
aid, John Calboun.
Lines.
Mr. Pickard said that in the
Mr. Finkbeiner said today
last two months he has spent
Details Sent
that he was gratified that Mr.
more than $100 on long-distance
Mr. Calhoun, deputy special
assistant in the office of White
Calhoun, whom he met in Toledo
calls as worries increased as
North Vietnamese and Viet
House public liaison, had Mr
several months ago when the
White House aid spoke to a busi-
Cong forces closed the ring on
nesswomen's group, was able to
Saigon, where Diane and her
unravel the red tape that pre-
grandmother were living.
viously frustrated Mr. Pickard
The grandmother sold her
and his Vietnamese wife, Luu.
home and belongings and gave
everything to her son, who did
Efforts Fruitless
not come with her in the evac-
Mr. Pickard confirmed that
uation. They brought to the Phil-
personal efforts and contacts
ippines only what they were
with Senators Glenn and Taft,
wearing and what they carried,
Congressman Thomas L. Ash-
Mr. Pickard said.
ley, the State Department, and
Three years have passed since
White House had been fruitless.
Mr. and Mrs. Piekard have seen
Mr. Calhoun said Mr. Fink-
Diane, except in photographs,
beiner had brought to his atten-
and the Pickards are looking
tion the calls to the White House
forward eagerly to the reunion,
by Mr. Pickard.
hopefully within a week.
jc/pag
State Department
May 13, 1975
Monorable Robert J. McCloskey
Assistant Secretary for Congressional
Relations
Department of State
Washington, D. C. 20520
Dear Mr. McCloskey:
This inquiry relates to telephone calls from Mrs.
Clendening of my staff to the State Department Task Force
handling the incoming inquiries from American citizens
about relatives and friends in South Vietnam during the
evacuation period. Specifically, I am concerned about
inquiries made by my office on behalf of Mr. Michael
Pickard, 222 Austin Street, Toledo, Ohio about his
daughter Dianne Dieme Pickard who is 4 years old and
an American citizen.
According to our records, Mrs. Clendening telephoned
the Task Force on April 7, 1975 and talked to Mr. Richman,
the watch officer for that date. Mr. Richman confirmed that
a list of 20 names including the name of Mr. Pickard's child,
had been sent to our Embassy in Saigon confirming American
citizenship and pre-paid flight information, but that no reply
was expected because of the cutback in personnel in our Embassy.
Mrs. Clendening also telephoned the Task Force on April 9
and talked to Mrs. Fort, watch officer for that date, to see if
by chance any reply from the Embassy on Mr. Pickard's child had
been received. Mrs. Fort, who had also talked to Mr. Pickard'
that morning, advised that no response from the Embassy in Saigon
about any of the 20 names was expected and further that the only
way they had to reach Mr. Pickard's mother-in-law was by mail
since no phone number was provided. Mrs. Fort advised that it
would be up to Mr. Pickard's mother-in-law to bring the child
into the Embassy for the required documentation to depart Vietnam.
-2-
I would simply like to have confirmation in writing of
these inquiries and efforts on the part of my staff to assist
Mr. Pickard in having his child brought to the United States.
With best wishes,
Sincerely yours,
Thomas Ludlow Ashley, M. C.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
June 6, 1975
MEMORANDUM FOR:
BILL BAROODY
FROM:
MAX FRIEDERSDORF m.b.
SUBJECT:
Congressman Lud Ashley (D-Ohio)
Bill, I am enclosing some correspondence which we have had
with Congressman Lud Ashley.
If you will please check the TOLEDO BLADE article you will
see that apparently an employee of your office by the name
of John Calhoun played a little politics with the former
opponent of Congressman Ashley.
I have no idea if this information is accurate, however, I would
appreciate if you could check on it for us.
In addition to the correspondence from Ashley he has also
discussed this with Charlie Leppert and is very irate and
has made some very serious threats.
I am sure you are aware of Lud Ashley's stature and importance
to us.
I would appreciate knowing further details about this situation
and if Congressman Ashley's allegations are true, perhaps we
will want to make an apology to him.
I am sure you agree we just simply cannot play politics in
matters involving incumbents.
Many thanks for your help on this
matter.
CC: Jack Marsh
Charlie Leppert
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
July 23, 1975
FORD : 07VR70 LIBRARY
MEMORANDUM FOR:
BILL BAROODY
FROM:
JOHN CALHOUN (If
SUBJECT:
Black Republican Appointees Council
(BRAC)
We officially launched the Black Republican Appointees Council (BRAC)
on Wednesday, July 16, aboard the "Spirit of 76" with a two-hour
(social) cruise on the Potomac. Sorry you missed this very successful
event. I discussed briefly with you the purpose of forming this group.
In general we hope to:
1. bring together as a cohesive force all Black Republican
appointees and Schedule C's to support the President, his
Administration, programs, policies and positions on issues
under the banner of good government;
2. communicate the positive accomplishments of the Admin-
istration affecting Blacks and other minorities to the Black
community;
3. train and furnish Black speakers from BRAC's membership;
4. promote pride in being a Republican and foster better under-
standing of Republicanism and Black history within the Party.
My remarks launching BRAC are attached (Attachment #1) along with
our Membership Badge (Attachment #2) and invitation (Attachment #3).
In attendance were:
- Representatives from the Republican National Committee --
Eddie Mahe, Executive Director of RNC and John Wilks,
Executive Director of Black Republican Council
\"WIB has seen
-2-
- Committee to Elect Ford (Mimi Austin, Executive Assistant
to Chairman Calloway);
- Key Black Republican leaders from Ohio, Illinois, Georgia,
New York, Missouri, California, District of Columbia,
Maryland and North Carolina.
Nearly 50 Black political appointees and Schedule C's, including:
Lowell Perry, Chairman, EEOC
Connie Newman, Vice Chairman, Consumer Product Safety
Commission
Ruth Washington, Chairperson, Benefits Review Board
James Blair, Assistant Secretary for Equal Opportunity, HUD
Samuel Cornelius, Deputy Director, OMBE
Betty Dotson, Assistant Director for Equal Opportunity, ACTION
Curtis Crawford, Member, Pardons and Parole Board, Justice
(All have joined the Council)
At some point in the future, it would be an added incentive to have you
come and give some "straight talk" to the group.
Future Plans:
1. To continue weekly meetings with the Council's coordinating
body.
2.
To conduct a monthly meeting/seminar for training and open
discussion purposes with membership.
3. To develop a speakers bureau.
4. To develop closer ties with the Black Republican leadership
nationwide, Black Schedule C's and appointees.
5. To sharpen political awareness and understanding of laws
affecting government employees.
-3-
I would welcome any comments or recommendations you might
have.
Attachments
(ATTACHMENT #1)
BRAC
BLACK REPUBLICAN APPOINTEES COUNCIL
Remarks by John Calhoun
I have been asked to make a couple of announcements:
1) If you are a Democrat and on board this beautiful cruise
and you can't swim, you're in trouble.
2) There's no truth to the rumor that we tried to get Senator
McGovern to come aboard tonight since we heard he's interested
in testing the water -- some say he might be able to explain this
veto proof Congress the Democrats used as a slogan in 1974.
3) Whenever a group of Democrats (this size) get together in
Washington lately it's either to launch a new investigation or
to announce a new candidate for president.
4) If you are a Republican and support the Administration,
you are among friends tonight. And I would like to welcome
you to a reception with BRAC -- Black Republican Appointees
Council.
BRAC was founded to satisfy a need and to bring together those
of us who are privileged to serve this Administration as political
appointees. We believe that all Schedule C's and appointees who
are Republicans ought to have an organization whose main concern
is good government. Those of us who have traveled throughout the
-2-
country fully realize that there is an information gap which deeply
divides those who serve and those who are served. We feel that
Black Republicans must be the vehicle to bridge the gap and to
open the channels of understanding between government, Republi-
canism and Black America.
We also believe that the man who now heads our government
is the best man for the job and electing him to a full four-year term
is synonymous with good government and, therefore, we will support
the Administration, the President, and his candidacy.
THE WHITE HOUSE
THE WHITE HOUSE
(ATT ACHMENT #2)
K
E
(ATTACHMENT #3)
bres
We request the pleasure of your company
to attend a Gala Bicentennial Cruise on the
Luxurious yacht Spirit of "76"
on
Wednesday, July 16th
Nineteen Hundred Seventy Five
at
Southwest Park Pier Number 3
(Between Hogates and the Channel Inn
foot of 7th Street)
Cruise departure time 7:00 p.m.
R.S.V.P. (limitedspace) space)
Cash Bar
232-2654
This invitation is not transferable
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
August 8, 1975
MEMO FOR:
BILL BAROODY
FROM:
JOHN CALHOUN Is
Please note the cover and Pages 10 and 22, Libbey-
Owens-Ford employees magazine.
Attachments
FORD is LIBRARY 070839
PWIB Fas seen"
twx (810) 442-1750, telex 28-6437
LIBBEY-OWENS-FORD COMPANY
811 MADISON AVENUE, TOLEDO, OHIO 43695
telephone (419) 247-3731
August 6, 1975
Mr. John Calhoun
Deputy Special Assistant to the President
The White House
Washington, D.C.
Dear Mr. Calhoun:
This is further to our correspondence concerning the "Tuesday At the
White House" forum on Law Enforcement Assistance attended by Mrs.
Delive Turner of our company. You will recall our interest in featuring
Mrs. Turner's visit in the LOF employee magazine.
Per your request, we are pleased to enclose copies of our magazine
containing this story.
Thank you once again for your help in providing background information
for this article.
Very truly yours,
Charles E. Kingdom
Charles E. Kingdom
Manager
Employee Communications
CEK/bkp
Enclosures
IN THIS ISSUE
"New"
the Shield LOF
Plant 11
A MAGAZINE FOR LIBBEY-OWENS-FORD EMPLOYEES
Vol. 6 . No. 5
August-September, 1975
I
Telegram
AN INVITATION TO THE WHITE HOUSE see page 10
the
Published by and for Employees of
Shield
LIBBEY-OWENS-FORD COMPANY
August-September, 1975
A "New Plant II" Is In Operation
Vari-Tran Production Takes Giant Step Forward
With Revamping of Glass Filming Factory
Back in 1967, when LOF opened its Rossford glass
The production line is now equipped with two separate
filming plant, it often was a struggle to keep the factory busy.
loading and unloading facilities, one for annealed glass and the
That hasn't been the case since rising energy costs, and
other for tempered glass. This facilitates off-line loading and
Checking details of the Rossford glass filming plant's extensive
story tells how LOF's coated glass production capacity has been
concerns about fuel availability, focused the spotlight on
unloading of both types of glass.
expansion program are Jack Brown (right), plant manager, and Alan
doubled to meet a product demand which has increased many
energy savings available with Vari-Tran coated glass.
"We have made, and are continuing to make, many other
Beatty, plant superintendent. In background is the Vari-Tran glass
times in recent years.
frontage of the new construction which is part of the project. This
Demand for Vari-Tran has increased many times over
mechanical and electronic improvements in our vacuum
1973 levels. The popularity growth stems from the product's
chamber and glass-handling equipment," said Richard E.
ability to reflect a large percentage of the sun's energy,
Warren, group vice president architectural and specialty glass
brief shutdown of the plant in mid-May to put new systems on
e fficiently handling a substantially increased volume of
reducing air-conditioning loads and energy required to operate
products.
stream.
business."
the air-conditioning system (the combination of Vari-Tran and
He also noted that a new semi-clean room has been
"We believe the expansion program puts our equipment
Recent additions to the plant staff include Dennis Csehi,
Thermopane also reduces winter heat loss for fuel savings).
installed over the loading areas on the tempered and annealed
and systems in first class condition to produce large volumes
appointed engineering supervisor, and Charles Barnhart,
To meet this increased demand, LOF has doubled its
lines to further improve product quality.
of quality Vari-Tran products," Mr. Warren said. "At the same
appointed quality control supervisor. Both men had
coated glass pròduction capacity with completion of an
All scheduled improvements are in operation following a
time we have put together a staff and organization capable of
substantial experience with the plant's requirements through
extensive expansion program at plant 11.
The glass filming plant's area has been doubled, and new,
more efficient production equipment has been added.
To persons passing by the plant, located across Dixie
1
2
4
5
Highway from Rossford plant 6, the visible part of the
expansion program is the new construction. The
26,000-square-foot addition is glazed with Vari-Tran, giving it
WASHING ENTRANCE
IONIC CLEANING
HEATING
COATING
COOLING
EXIT
SHIPPING
a mirror-like facade, and the construction brings total plant
area to 52,000 square feet.
However, the bulk of the $2.7-million invested in the
project went into equipment to improve production output
and product quality.
This included installing equipment to put a second
filming line into operation.
In addition, to handle the much larger capacity of the
filming chambers, new and improved handling and packing
facilities have been installed for annealed glass.
A second, separate washer has been installed for
tempered glass.
EDITORIAL STAFF:
COMPANY TRADEMARKS:
Charles E. Kingdom,
Richard L. Cross,
Anthony B. Boeliner,
Parallel-O-Plate®
Tuf-flex® tempered glass,
Editor
Lathrop
Toledo Data Center
plate glass,
This drawing of plant 11's coating system shows glass, suspended
cleaning. The glass moves into chamber 3, and heated. The
J. Alan Beatty,
Vitrolux® spandrel glass,
on an overhead track, moving through the chambers. After
chamber is pumped down from the 35-mile pressure to the
R. W. Bridenbaugh,
John W. Smith,
Parallel-O-Grey®
Plant News Editor
cleaning, the glass moves into chamber 1. Vapor-tight doors close
vacuum found 125 miles in space. In chamber 4, kept constantly
Plant 11
LOF Glass of Canada Ltd.
plate glass,
Electrapane® electrically
as soon as the glass is in, and chamber 1 is pumped down to an
under the 125-mile vacuum, the glass is filmed. In chambers 5
Sara J. Grolemund,
Michael G. Williams,
Mason City
Parallel-O-Bronze®
conducting glass,
atmosphere equal to that found 35 miles above the earth. The
and 6, the pressure is increased to normal atmosphere, and the
Charleston
Gloria Bright,
plate glass,
doors between chambers 1 and 2 open, and the glass moves to
finished glass panel emerges. The man at the end is drawn to
Harry A. Davies,
Marge Gillespie,
Bogardus, Wilson, Ltd.
Mirropane®
chamber 2, which has a constant atmospheric pressure equal to
scale to illustrate the equipment's massiveness.
East Toledo
Liberty Mirror
Thermopane®
transparent mirrors,
35 miles above the earth. Here the glass is subjected to ionic
Janice M. Sterling,
Selma Goswick, Marion
insulating glass, with
Dale G. Ferguson,
VigilPane®
Executive Offices
Gorsuch, Marilyn A.
Ottawa
Miller, Pearle Benton,
Vari-Tran®
safety glass,
2
Richard D. Gallagher,
Jeanne M. Keogh,
Clark C. Ashley,
coated glass, with
Shock Absorber
Rossford
Technical Center
Field Offices
GlasSeal® edge,
windshield.
3
This is the control panel for plant 11's vacuum chamber system for depositing films on glass.
Mike Steele monitors the process for applying the Vari-Tran reflective coating.
A FIVE-MINUTE TEST
CAN BRING A
LIFETIME'S PEACE
OF MIND
"New Plant 11"
chambers. The glass passes by electron beam sources which
(continued)
hold the metal used in the coating; electrical power is applied
to cause the coating substance to evaporate; the molecules of
their previous assignments at Technical Center (Dennis was in
the coating material are bombarded onto the glass and form a
the mechanical engineering department and Charlie was a
very hard, uniform film over the glass. Multiple layers of film
member of research and development's glass filming group).
are applied to the glass during one cycle.
These supervisors' work relieves Jack Brown, plant
Vari-Tran is known as "high performance" glass,
manager, and Alan Beatty, plant superintendent, of detail
meaning glass that is designed to perform as part of a
Why get the facts about sickle cell anemia?
those who carry the trait, are misinformed and unaware of
responsibility in these areas, and enables them to concentrate
building's air-conditioning and heating systems.
The reasons number 2,550,000. Approximately 50,000
both the nature and scope. People with the trait are not sick
on broader management and operating responsibilities. The
The product is available in 52 varieties, including glass
Americans have the disease, while 2,500,000 have the capacity
and never will be sick from the trait, but they could pass on
organizational revamping also has brought improvements in
and coating combinations offering silvery and golden
to pass on the disease (with its pain, crippling and possible
the disease to their offspring.
such administrative functions as ordering raw materials and
reflections as well as reflections in bronze, grey and blue tones.
early death) to their children.
Among the many misconceptions concerning sickle cell
Coatings can be applied that allow from 8 to 50 percent of
Sickle cell anemia is one of the nation's major health
are these points:
scheduling production and shipments.
Plant 11's operation is far more complex than mere
outside light into the building interior, depending on the type
problems, and affects more children than muscular dystrophy.
Sickle cell anemia and sickle cell trait are found
factory size indicates, and Vari-Tran is a highly technical
selected.
Yet most people believe only that sickle cell anemia is a
only in blacks.
product.
disease of the blood found in black people. This unawareness
Sickle cell anemia and sickle cell trait can be
In view of the energy shortages which began to develop
The reflective glass is processed in a massive, highly
in the early 1970's, such performance glass is indeed a product
of the total problem is shared by nearly the entire population
revealed by a standard blood test, such as those used in a
automated vacuum-coating system.
with a built-in market. LOF can supply this market with the
of the United States. Even those who have the disease, or
general physical examination, complete blood count, or to
The diagram on these pages shows how stock sheets of
largest, most sophisticated vacuum deposition facility in the
glass, up to 10 X 12 feet in size, move through a series of six
world.
50,000 AMERICANS
HAVE SICKLE CELL ANEMIA
2,500,000
HAVE SICKLE CELL TRAIT.
Glass is cleaned and inspected several times during the Vari-Tran
The color of each Vari-Tran reflective glass panel must meet
process. Cleaning the glass in this photo is Nelliewese Bunn, one of
exacting specifications. Dave Ruffert uses a paddle and background
the plant 11 employees responsible for producing a high-quality
lights to check the color of a newly coated panel. The paddle
product.
holds two Vari-Tran samples-one with the coating too dark, the
other too light--and the panel's color must be exactly between the
two.
4
5
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT SICKLE CELL
A FIVE-MINUTE TEST
(continued)
What is sickle cell anemia?
Sickle cell trait is not a disease. A person with the trait is
obtain a marriage license.
perfectly healthy. Although some of his blood cells'
These are just two examples of the kind of
Red blood cells float in the blood stream and move
hemoglobin is abnormal, his red blood cells are not shaped like
misinformation we all have regarding sickle cell trait and sickle
continually throughout the body, leaving oxygen along their
sickles. The trait cannot turn into sickle cell anemia.
cell anemia. The following pages provide more data to show
route and picking up waste carbon dioxide. When the cells
It is important to know if you have the trait because
the importance of being tested using electrophoresis---a special
release too much oxygen, and the oxygen left in the cells gets
offspring of persons with the trait can inherit the disease. The
blood test which is the only means of detecting the trait.
too low, the cells take on a shape resembling a sickle (instead
danger will be described later on this page.
This article is one example of how LOF is joining
of the normal doughnut-like shape). The sickle shape makes it
nationwide industries, community service groups, hospitals
hard for the cells to float easily in the blood stream. If large
How does one get sickle cell?
and schools in publicizing the sickle cell problem.
numbers of sickle cells are present, they clog blood vessels,
LOF also has donated money to Toledo's Model
making it difficult or impossible for the blood to circulate.
The only way to get either sickle cell trait or sickle cell
Neighborhood Residents Association to further an education
The blood cells of people with the trait will not sickle until the
anemia is to be born with it. There is absolutely no way for
and testing program conducted in cooperation with St.
blood is drawn and the oxygen is removed.
either the trait or the anemia to spread from one person to
another, like a cold or the measles. Also, the disease definitely
Vincent Hospital.
As part of this program, sickle cell blood testing is being
cannot be passed on in a blood transfusion.
SICKLE CELL ANEMIA IS NOT CONTAGIOUS
made available to all Toledo-area and Lathrop, California
The trait, which helped protect people against malaria, is
(although symptoms of the anemia usually don't appear before
employees in the plants. Rossford will have testing available in
believed to have developed in Africa thousands of years ago.
age 6 months, anemia and trait can be diagnosed at birth).
the main first aid station and the bending first aid station. East
Because of this origin, it is more prevalent in blacks. But
Relatives of someone with sickle cell anemia are more likely to
Toledo plant 4, East Toledo plant 8 and Lathrop will test in
people of Spanish, Greek, Italian or Turkish descent---or
SICKLE
have either the anemia or the trait, and definitely should be
NORMAL
their first aid stations. These voluntary, free-of-charge tests
CELL
CELL
people having ancestors from the Mediterranean or Caribbean
tested.
will be held at Rossford on August 28, at the East Toledo
areas, the Middle East, South America and India--also can
have sickle cell trait or sickle cell anemia.
plants on August 29, and at Lathrop on August 28 and 29.
"The test is quick and simple," explained Mrs. Lou
Fuller, the Model Neighborhood Residents Association's sickle
How do parents pass on sickle cell?
SICKLE CELL
SICKLE CELL
TRAIT
TRAIT
cell representative. "In Toledo, the blood sample is sent to St.
Vincent Hospital for analysis and, within a week, the
The trait can be passed down to one's children at birth,
individual receives a postcard, if the results are negative. Direct
just like such heredity characteristics as color of eyes and hair.
and personal contact is made with people if the test is positive.
When both parents have the trait, the chances are one in four
All information obtained through the testing is held
that the child will have sickle cell anemia; two in four that the
confidential between the person tested and the testing
child will have the trait just like the parents; and one in four
agency."
that the child will have neither the trait nor the disease.
Although LOF's August 28-29 program is for employees
only, families of Toledo employees can receive the same free
Why should a person be tested?
testing at St. Vincent Hospital and Medical Center.
What's the difference between sickle cell anemia and
Information on availability of testing at Charleston, Ottawa,
trait?
It is important for people to know whether they have
Mason City, Brackenridge and Collingwood can be obtained
the trait for purposes of positive, preventative care.
NORMAL
TRAIT
TRAIT
ANEMIA
from the plant industrial relations people at these locations.
Sickle cell anemia is like other kinds of anemia in that
A second good reason for testing is to plan for the health
the body cannot get as much oxygen as it needs to be healthy.
of future children. People should know, before marriage,
The fact that sickle cell anemia cannot be cured is NOT
The condition affects each individual differently. The most
whether they have the trait so that they can get proper
a reason to refrain from testing. Early diagnosis is the key to
common symptoms are periods of severe pain in the chest,
medical advice on family planning.
prevention and comprehensive treatment. Drugs, surgery and
abdomen, arms and legs. Sickle cell anemia can be treated so
Sickle cell specialists recommend that all races,
medicine can help most sickle cell anemia sufferers.
that its victims can lead productive lives, but sickle cell anemia
nationalities and ethnic groups be tested as early as possible.
Knowledge and proper action can curb this life-threatening
cannot be cured.
Each child of people with the trait definitely should be tested
disease's effects on future generations.
6
7
$500
$100
10
10
4. More than $5,000,000 was spent on one category of
12. Supplies costing only a few cents apiece are really a large
$500
glass packing materials last year. Was it
expenditure when purchased in the quantities needed by
(A) Packing cartons and containers?
LOF. Two examples are paper towels and toilet tissue.
$500
$250
(B) Lumber?
In the space below, write what you think was the total
0001$
$250
(C) Paper and stickers?
glass division bill for these two items last year.
$250
$500
$250
5. Nails and bailing wire are a comparatively small part of
07
13. Maintenance and repair work is a major budget item. For
50
50
the overall cost of glass packing materials. Yet in 1974
$500
example, how much do you think we spent for parts for
009$
these "small" items cost the company
Would You
fork lift trucks last year? Write your estimate in the
(A) About $35,000.
005$
005$
(B) More than $76,00
space below.
005$
(C) More than $106,000.
$50
$500
Like to do
(D) About $500,000.
14. Approximately 50 percent of the safety work gloves
001$
$50
purchased for plant employees' use are the white quilted
05$
$250
6. As you might expect, natural gas and fuel oil are a major
LOF's
cotton slip-ons. In 1974, these gloves. cost the company
part of the glass division's budget. How much did we pay
(A) $32,000.
$250
$250
for these two items in 1974?
20
(B) $147,000.
Shopping
(A) $2,446,000
(C) $257,500.
$250
(B) $4,163,000
(D) $196,000.
$250
(C) $12,321,000
100
NAME
15. LOF's average cost of purchasing a new pair of safety
$250
5604
7. Costs of natura gas to fuel our glass furnaces have risen,
$250
particularly in the Toledo area. The 1973 Toledo-area
work gloves was higher during 1974 than it was during
1973. How much higher?
cost per 1,000 cubic feet of natural gas was 62½ cents.
What was the 1974 cost?
(A) 10.3 percent
(A) 75 cents
(B) 18.8 percent
(B) 95½ cents
(C) 29.9 percent
MICHELS
(C) $1.12½
(D) $3.65
16. LOF's total 1974 bill for all Mass division safety clothing
was
8. Even though its cost has risen, natural gas still is much
(A) $515,000.
less expensive than fuel oil, which must be used to fire
(B) $645,000.
the furnaces when natural gas supplies are curtailed. At
(C) $987,000.
the beginning of the 1972-73 heating season, the cost of
fuel oil was 10.9 cents per gallon. How did this fuel oil
17. A new safety shoe program recently went into effect at
TEST YOUR COST AWARENESS
price increase for the 1974-75 heating season?
LOF's five largest glass division plant locations. In the
(A) More than 60 percent
space below, write what the company expects to pay for
(B) More than doubled
this program during 1975.
(C) Nearly tripled
In an era when most price tags know no path but
But no matter what your rating, you might ask yourself,
9. During the six-month period from October, 1974
18. Case cards, used in the plants to label glass shipments,
upward, we've all had to become smarter shoppers. More
"How can I help reduce costs?"
through March, 1975, we spent $698,000 more for fuel
were more expensive in 1974 than in 1973.
selective purchasing, and greater care in using what we've
The cost-increase problem affects all of us. We each can
oil than we spent during the same 1973-74 period. True
proximately how much?
bought, must be the rule when we're paying the bills.
help offset added costs by not wasting time, effort or
or false?
(A) $800
Every bit of our personal buying know-how would be
materials---and by improving our personal contribution to the
(B) $2,500
challenged, however, if we as individuals were to do LOF's
company's business.
10. Now that warmer weather has redu overall natural
(C) $7,000
shopping. Not only does our purchasing department deal in
gas usage, one would think that LOF now is able to
huge quantities, but the company has had to cope with
1. Sand used in glassmaking last year cost the company
obtain all of its natural gas requirements. This is not true
unprecedented cost increases in virtually every material, fuel
(A) More than $1,200,000.
in the Toledo area, however. As of April 1, 1975, LOF's
19. Among the most common office supplies are bond paper
and service needed for operations.
(B) More than $1,500,000.
Toledo-area natural gas supply is still being curtailed by
(for stationery, many reports and reproduction
The quiz on these pages enables you to test your
(C) More than $1,800,000.
(A) 55 percent.
department inting) and the grey wooden pencils
knowledge of costs for the glass division (no subsidiaries are
(B) 35 percent.
imprinted with the company name. How much more did
included). There are 20 questions on the price tags of some of
2. Listed below are three other glass batch ingredients.
(C) 30 percent.
we pay for These two "routine" items in 1974 than in
the hundreds of items the company buys---large purchases, as
Which of the three required the greatest total dollar
(D) 20 percent.
1973?
well as supposedly "small" items which, cost-wise, really aren't
expenditure for LOF last year?
(A) Approximately $3,600
so small at all.
(A) Salt cake
(B) Dolomite
11. Automotive plastic for laminated windshields is one of
(B) Approximately $6,800
Give yourself 5 points for every correct answer. If you
(C) Limestone
LOF's costliest purchased items. From March, 1973 to
(C) Approximately $13,100
score 80 or better, you have an expert's understanding of why
cost increases are a major problem for our company. If you
January, 1975, the cost of this plastic rose
score 70 or better, rate yourself superior; between 60 and 70,
3. LOF spent more for glass packing materials last year
(A) Approximately 3.4 percent.
20. It will cost LOF approximately $13,000 during 1975 to
good; and between 40 and 60, average.
than for all batch materials. True or false?
(B) About 14 percent.
purchase the tabulating cards used in data processing.
(C) Approximately 20 percent.
True or false?
8
9
(Answers on Page 23)
LOF's Delvie Turner was among 85 persons
from throughout the United States invited to
a White House conference on Federal
assistance in local law enforcement programs.
Delvie, who also attended a Washington
We Can Have
meeting on the black aged, is shown
reviewing the trip with her boss, Dick
Modlin, director of traffic. They are
discussing a special pen, engraved with
President Ford's signature and presented to
Delvie by one of Mr. Ford's assistants.
only what we produce
pro-duc-tiv-i-ty (prõ-duk-tiv-e-ti)
n. abundance or richness in output; the
physical output per unit of productive effort.
LOFer's Visit to Nation's Capital
Attending a special White House meeting. "Rapping"
crime most often victimizes the poor and underprivileged
informally with Comedian Dick Gregory and other prominent
members of society, the Federal government's positive
black leaders. And a tour of White House areas normally
approach toward providing help for these people was
The dictionary definition of "productivity" doesn't do justice to the word,
closed to visitors.
particularly gratifying to her.
particularly in this time of economic difficulties. Productivity is a prime factor in
These and many other never-to-be-forgotten experiences
While in Washington, Delvie learned that Federal funding
the economy and our standard of living, and productivity improvement is a basic
highlighted Delvie Turner's recent three-day visit to
is available in a number of categories for formulating
requirement to increasing that standard.
Washington, D.C. Delvie, employed in the Toledo
crime-related prevention and assistance programs.
Productivity, its real meaning and why it is so vital were explored by LOF's
headquarters, is secretary to Dick Modlin, director of traffic.
The LEAA recently announced, for example, that
chief executive officer in a recent conference of Ohio industrialists and journalists.
It all started last winter when John Calhoun, deputy
$8.5-million has been set aside for innovative programs
In this Business Roundtable session on economic issues, Company President R. G.
special assistant to the President, addressed a meeting of
designed to keep juvenile offenders out of detention and
correctional facilities where they often become "hardened
Wingerter emphasized America's critical need to improve productivity before there is
Toledo's Business Ladies in Session, which Delvie serves as
chairwoman of the group's Education Committee.
criminals" before being set free again.
economic collapse.
Soon after Mr. Calhoun's Toledo visit, she received a
Delvie further explained that Congress has authorized
Because the productivity problem must be of major concern to all of us, we
letter from the White House extending her a special invitation
the LEAA to provide communities with Federal assistance
believe the following reprint of his remarks is among the most timely and important
to attend a "Tuesday at the White House" briefing by officials
grants to help local governments set up law enforcement
articles this magazine has published in its six-year existence.
from the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration
programs to benefit minority groups.
(LEAA), an arm of the U.S. Department of Justice.
One such example is a $125,000 grant to the Cleveland,
By coincidence, Delvie's White House invitation
Ohio, police department for development of a court-ordered
coincided perfectly with a separate meeting in Washington
testing procedure designed to give men and women---regardless
which she previously had planned to attend as a representative
of race or national origin--an equal opportunity to receive
of Business Ladies in Session.
promotions within a local police department structure.
"It couldn't have worked out better," said Delvie. "The
"Essentially," Delvie continued, "the LEAA is a liaison
law enforcement meeting at the White House was scheduled
group set up to help provide Federal assistance for public
I am very much aware that the term "productivity
time. Productivity also has been described as the ratio of the
for the afternoon of the last day of a three-day conference of
agencies and community involvement groups concerned not
improvement" can carry different meanings to various people.
value of goods and services produced to the total costs for
The National Caucus on the Black Aged. I already had
only with combating crime, but getting to the 'root'
In its negative connotations, it can be taken to mean a
both direct and indirect dollar input.
arranged to attend this conference, so my first visit to
causes--the social, economic and environmental problems
boss bearing down unconscionably on employees to produce
In a practical business sense, the levels of productivity
Washington proved to be an extremely busy, but productive,
which in many cases can cause a person to resort to violent
more output simply by insisting that they "work harder."
for individuals or groups result from the interaction of
trip."
acts against society."
That is not the meaning of productivity improvement to
numerous factors.
She especially enjoyed the White House meeting and a
Prior to the LEAA sesssion, Delvie attended the third
any enlightened business management to them it means
One of these factors is the availability of highly
subsequent private tour of the historic residence with Mr.
annual conference of The National Caucus on the Black Aged.
developing and providing the right tools, the proper equipment
productive tools that remove burdensome physical effort or
Calhoun serving as a special "guide."
"Aging Black Women and Federal Policies: 1960-2000 A.D."
and the ideal environment to increase the output of goods or
time-consuming mental effort from the individual and place it
"The law enforcement briefing was very interesting and
was the conference theme.
services without requiring an excessive input of physical or
upon machines.
helpful," Delvie continued. "Eighty-five persons from across
Chaired by Mr. Hobart C. Jackson, the three-day caucus
mental work effort.
Other necessary factors are the availability of capital to
the country attended the session to learn how any community
featured appearances by such prominent government and civic
Let's start with the word "productivity" itself and what
buy such productive equipment and a sufficient market
or interest group can apply for Federal funding to initiate
leaders as U.S. Senators Edward M. Kennedy, Henry Jackson
it means.
demand and earnings opportunity for the products being
programs to help fight crime and assist its innocent victims."
and Lloyd Bentson; Congresswoman Barbara Jordan;
In simplest terms, it is a measure of the amount of goods
manufactured.
She explained that New Orleans and Houston, for
Congressman Morris Udall; Pennsylvania Secretary of State C.
or services produced by an individual during a given period of
There must also be reasonable expectations of economic
example, recently were awarded Federal grants to help
Delores Tucker; Mississippi NAACP Chairman Dr. Aaron
identify and quickly prosecute "career" criminals. And since
Henry; and Dick Gregory, civil rights activist and comedian.
10
(continued on page 22)
11
SOUND GROWTH BENEFITS ALL
We Can Have only what we produce (continued)
advantages to justify investment in such equipment. Yet
job. We have spent huge sums of money in nonproductive
another factor affecting productivity is the availability and
pursuits.
cost of fuels and energy. In fact, there are various
The escalating inflation problem we have experienced, I
combinations of factors that have a role in making the
believe, is the end result of a serious overloading of our
individual more efficient and more productive.
productive economic base. The producing segment of the
ECONOMY
The American Economic Foundation sums up the
economy is simply not strong enough to support all of the
meaning of productivity by stating that man's material welfare
here-and-now demands our society has been imposing upon it.
results from the use of natural resources whose form is
We have so heavily mortgaged hoped-for future
changed by the application of muscular and mental energy,
productivity improvements that continually increasing costs
aided by the use of tools. That is a pretty good definition of
and prices of manufactured goods are presently built into our
productivity and its impact on a society's relative standard of
economic outlook.
living.
This must end in economic collapse unless we can
Now it is not my purpose here to argue the pros and
somehow come to our senses before it's too late.
cons of what constitutes an optimum standard of living for our
We have witnessed for many years a declining percentage
citizens. That is a choice that is being continuously expressed
of our nation's total employed population that is engaged in
by society-through the political process and governmental
the production of things holding tangible values, while the
actions, and in the daily marketplace in those economies
percentage engaged in the production of services has grown to
where alternate choices are still available to the individual.
over 60 percent of those employed.
I suggest, however, that the personal physical effort
Those who work in the services and professions, plus the
required for survival in all societies located in reasonably
one in six employed by national, state and local governments,
comparable climates is quite similar. The productivity
can contribute to our total economic strength and producing
efficiency of each society, however, will determine its relative
functions only to the extent that such services increase the
level of material welfare, culture, personal comforts and even
productivity of those producing tangible values.
the health of its people.
We've been adding to this load on our productive base at
In the past two years, in particular, our citizens have
an alarming rate, detracting from our output of goods and
suffered from a social malignancy that has plagued civilizations
increasing their cost. There is no other place to reflect those
periodically from the dawn of history--a continuing decline in
increasing costs except in rising prices.
the purchasing value of our currency.
An answer to our inflation problem is to reorder our
Inflation occurs when the volume of currency is
priorities so that we can bake a bigger economic pie, measured
increased at a faster rate than increases in the production of
in real values, by increasing our productivity.
THE BIGGER THE PIE THE BIGGER THE SHARE
goods and services that hold valid economic values.
My point is that we can have only what we produce,
Our monetary inflation problem and the potential
regardless of what happens to prices or wages, or to the true
terrible economic and social consequences it can create, if left
values of dollars used to measure our Gross National Product
work force is now doing that job, besides exporting a great
The lag in the growth rate of U.S. manufacturing
unchecked, can be parried importantly by the more efficient
output.
amount of the output to other areas of the world.
productivity in recent years is one of the things that has
production of goods and services. As the volume of quality
Gains in real wages are all due to productivity
That achievement is a fine example of the interplay of
weakened the ability of American industry to compete with
output is increased per hour worked and per unit of capital
improvement. Inflationary gains in wages benefit no one, and
the many necessary positive forces that, as I mentioned earlier,
foreign producers both at home and abroad. That recent rate
investment required to provide highly productive facilities,
cause serious distortions in all of our economic calculations.
are required to accomplish productivity improvements.
of growth is behind other major industrial nations.
costs are reduced and so are prices.
Improving productivity per capita carries a lasting
Some of these positive forces were the development of
For the years 1960 through 1973, for example, the
However, as government has increased the currency for
benefit with tremendous cumulative effects to all members of
more productive farm machinery powered first by steam and
annual productivity gains in the United States averaged 3.4
various reasons, little understanding has been visibly devoted
a society.
then the internal combustion engine, better seeds, soil
percent as measured in output per man-hour. That is
to the basic requirement of producing more goods and services
Improvements made next year are added to the
enrichment, crop rotation, the economies of larger scale
significantly behind such average annual productivity
to support the action.
improvements of this year, last year, and all prior years.
farming, the better education of farmers, and a free-enterprise
improvements as 5.8 percent for West Germany, 6 percent for
Our elected representatives, with our consent, have
Boosting productivity annually by a few percent above our
society. All of these forces played important roles in the
France, 7.5 percent for the Netherlands, and 10.5 percent for
found it politically desirable to transfer an ever-increasing
rate of population growth carries remarkable implications for
progress of American agriculture, and progress would have
Japan.
share of our society's assets from the productive to the
our future standard of living as the effect is compounded.
been delayed if any had been missing.
Much has been said and written about the probable
nonproductive sector.
The reason for the difference between our standard of
The great productivity advance on our farms also
causes for our lag in those productivity improvement
We have been frustrating the building of more efficient
living in America and that in underdeveloped countries is that
contributed to America's industrial growth by freeing people
comparisons. I have listed some of the causes earlier in these
productive abilities through inadequate capital recovery
we have steadily improved our productivity over many years
for better-paying jobs in factories. This provided the
remarks.
policies.
and they have not. A dramatic illustration is what happened to
manpower needed for our industrial development that has
An apparent additional cause is that the United States
We have discouraged increasing productivity by laws and
our productivity advances in agriculture.
made the United States the greatest industrial nation in the
has seriously lagged behind the better performing countries in
policies that reward the nonproducer almost as well as they
During the past 100 years, America's productivity
world.
the ratio of investment in new productive facilities to Gross
reward the producer.
improvement in agriculture averaged an increase of about 6
But the big advantage we used to have over the rest of
National Product.
We have permitted restrictive work practices and
percent a year. Whereas the effort of nearly 50 percent of our
the world in industrial productivity has been disappearing.
Our capital recovery policies and investment incentives
featherbedding.
population was required to raise the food needed to feed the
Many of the industrially developed nations are rapidly
compare poorly with the others. We are consuming too great a
We have in various ways protected incompetence on the
entire American population in 1870, only 4 percent of our
catching up, or have caught up.
proportion of what ought to be seed corn in our insistence on
12
13
We Can Have only what we produce (continued)
LOF REPORTS
1975
immediate social programs at the expense of longer-term
better-paid citizens further, while drying up profits and
recession, and especially unemployment, would be severely
greater potentials.
dismissing them as being somewhat immoral anyway.
aggravated by the imposition of artificial constraints on
SECOND QUARTER
Our industrialized foreign competitive governments
The consequences of that philosophy as it affects the
consumption. The plain fact is that we cannot conserve our
(other than the United Kingdom) appear better disciplined
availability of funds for industrial viability or the ability to
way out of the energy problem in either the short run or
SALES AND
than we. There is much closer cooperation between
pay taxes from corporate or employee earnings seem totally
medium term. The economic penalties far outweigh the cost of
government and business in those countries than currently
ignored.
imports."
EARNINGS
exists in the U.S. Those governments also seem to have a good
The planned Federal deficit of some $69-billion or more
Certainly it is important that we use our national energy
understanding of their industries' investment needs.
for fiscal 1976 establishes a new Federal debt level of around
supplies efficiently and prudently. I think industry and our
Here, however, the traditional pursuit of improved
$625-billion (over twice the estimated annual rate of Federal
Libbey-Owens-Ford has reported consolidated
citizens have responded quite well to that need, for economic
sales of $171,752,000 for the 1975 second quarter, an
productivity by U.S. industry and business is being hampered
revenues) and bears testimony to the point, as does the current
cost reasons.
on many fronts.
financial plight of New York City and England.
increase of 1.6 percent from sales of $168,993,000 for
Practically all of the Congressional attention to the
New York City, largely following the example of the
the same period in 1974. Second quarter net earnings
energy problem, however, seems to be directed toward
Federal government, has been borrowing money from
were $12,491,000, including $4,139,000 of gains from
reducing energy usage, while little action is being taken to
privately owned funds for years, with no real expectancy or
the sale of securities, compared to 1974 second quarter
encourage the development of practical alternative energy
plan to ever pay it back. England, supposedly a most advanced
net earnings of $8,839,000 restated for LIFO inventory
sources to replace imported crude oil.
valuation.
welfare state, is drifting into ever-deeper financial troubles.
As a matter of observation, it would appear that it is the
Second quarter earnings per common share after
But beyond those flights from economic realities,
intention of Congress to place roadblocks in the way of such
business and industry efficiencies are being frustrated by a
preferred dividends were $1.01, including a gain of 38
programs as witnessed by its vacillations with atomic power,
cents per share from the sale of Johns-Manville common
hostile attitude of Congress and the Federal bureaucracy.
off-shore drilling, surface mining, counterproductive and
shares. Second quarter 1974 earnings per common share
That hostility is expressed by an endless array of
overly stringent environmental regulations, the repeal of
were 68 cents.
punitive, counterproductive and overly-restrictive legislation
depletion allowances, and the adverse impacts of Federal
Consolidated sales for the first six months of 1975
that burdens us with costly requirements that devour time,
regulatory policies and taxation. Those actions have frustrated
were $328,997,000, 2.8 percent above comparable 1974
labor and capital. Those cost increases have to become
the development and efficient utilization of increased
first half sales of $320,175,000. Net earnings for the
FIGHT
expressed in product or service prices, further depressing what
domestic energy supplies.
1975 first half were $13,533,000, including the second
our discretionary spending can buy and lowering our standard
The irrationality of our current energy debate and the
quarter security gains, compared to net earnings of
ON
of living.
absence of a responsive and responsible national energy
$15,971,000 for the same period in 1974. Six months
ECONOMAN
But the causes and effects of these engines of inflation
program that would provide sorely needed incentives to
earnings per common share after preferred dividends,
are not readily understood by the average citizen, so when
develop domestic energy resources hold worrisome
including the 38 cents from security gains, were 99 cents
some new economic problem appears, our labor leaders, social
implications for our future national productivity trends. I
versus $1.21 in 1974.
IN GOVT
reformers, politicians and bureaucrats quickly disengage
agree with the statement recently made by an American
President Robert G. Wingerter said, "Although our
PRODUCTIVITY
themselves from all blame and accountability by identifying
geologist who said, "Our nation doesn't have an energy
1975 second quarter results showed improvement over
some new whipping boy outside their groups---usually some
problem, it has a mental problem."
the company's poor first quarter, LOF earnings continue
part of private enterprise.
Our productivity outlook is clouded by the numerous
to be affected by manufacturing cost increases that have
Energy is another basic factor of productivity. The
crosscurrents that reflect our present debate on the kind of
not been reflected in current prices and recessions in the
INCREASED
efficient production of manufactured products requires a
America our citizens want.
automotive, furniture, and building construction indus-
reliable source of energy in various forms. Electric power,
The lack of a general consensus and commitment for a
tries. We hold optimism that the recessions in those prin-
BUYING
steam generation, processing fuels, and the internal
continuing highly productive and strong economic society
cipal markets have bottomed out and that a gradual
POWER
combustion engine perform irreplaceable functions in the
seems readily apparent.
recovery is underway."
mechanization and automation concepts which brought about
Links to a Better Life
The alternative of pervasive governmental regulations
Mr. Wingerter said that LOF's glass shipments are
our current high levels of productivity.
and inefficiencies is abhorrent to those who value personal
expected to show moderate improvement in the last half
There is also a vital and direct correlation of energy
freedoms and our standard of living.
of 1975 compared to the same period of 1974 and the
consumption with the GNP and productivity. Marathon Oil
What's needed, I think, is not a renewal of the
first half of 1975. He also noted that the outlook is
Labor's continual demands for wage increases beyond
Company, one of the nation's important oil producers,
old-fashioned work ethic but adoption of a "productivity
improving for the company's plastics operations, which
the rate of productivity improvement is counterproductive for
recently made this observation:
ethic."
have been operating at reduced levels due to automotive
the economy in total, as well as being a basic stimulus to
"Energy consumption relative to real GNP has remained
We need general agreement that improving productivity
and furniture production curtailments. LOF's principal
inflation of the currency.
essentially constant over the last 25 years. We could save a
is necessary, desirable, beneficial and praiseworthy. The person
subsidiary, Aeroquip Corporation, a leading manufac-
Social reformers' demands upon government for vast
little over $4.5-billion in annual import costs by reducing
who grew more corn or built better machines was a public
turer of fluid power components, reported a continuing
sums of money are made with little appreciation of any
crude oil imports by 1,000,000 barrels per day. But studies
benefactor in our parents' day, and he should be so regarded
high level of shipments in the second quarter, although
constraints on the availability of those funds.
have shown that for every 1,000,000 barrels per day of oil or
today.
order backlogs have been reduced by some recent cut-
Constraints of basic economics are replaced by political
its energy equivalent that the nation consumes, we produce
The improvement of productivity is usually a private
backs in capital goods spending.
pressures.
about $38-billion of goods and services in 1974 dollars, and we
action-but I can hardly name anything that's more in the
The solution to date is to simply tax business and
provide employment to nearly 2.4-million people. The current
public interest in these troubled times.
14
15
LOF NEWSMAKERS
AT EACH LOCATION
Howard Lewis Honored
LOFer Meets With President Ford On
By F.G.M.A. and N.G.D.A.
Domestic and Economic Issues
Two national flat glass business organi-
LOF's Jim Palmer was among selected
overall responsibility for LOF's imme-
zations have honored Howard Lewis,
business executives meeting with Presi-
diate and long-range programs to conserve
manager of LOF's Central sales region,
dent Gerald R. Ford in a recent White
such resources as natural gas, fuel oil, pro-
for his many contributions as one of our
House Conference on Domestic and
pane and electrical power.
industry's leading figures.
Economic Affairs.
Jim also is chairman of the Ohio
The Flat Glass Marketing Association
Jim, the company's director of energy
Manufacturers Association's energy
and the National Glass Dealers Associa-
resources committee. In this capacity, he
tion recognized Howard at their national
spearheads presentation of Ohio manufac-
conventions. He'll retire next year after
turers' position on energy resource regula-
completing 41 years with LOF.
tions before governmental boards and
The ceremonies honoring Howard, and
agencies.
plaques recognizing his long service, are
It was through this position as state-
testimony to his ability and the esteem in
wide manufacturers' energy spokesman
which he is held by his customers,
that he received his conference invitation
competitors and associates. F.G.M.A. is
from the White House.
made up of leading flat glass distributors
White House participants in the
and installers, and N.G.D.A. is composed
Cincinnati meeting read like a "who's
of retail dealers in auto and flat glass.
who" in the Federal Government.
Howard started with LOF as an hourly
In addition to President Ford, the
employee at Rossford in 1935. Since join-
group included Frank G. Zarb, adminis-
ing the salaried ranks, he has held sales
trator-Federal energy administration;
and sales management positions in
John T. Dunlop, secretary of labor;
Philadelphia, St. Louis, Minneapolis,
Casper W. Weinberger, secretary of
health, education and welfare; and L.
William Seidman, assistant to the Presi-
Carole and John Kirk, in front of the house in which they have attained
dent for economic affairs.
major heating cost savings.
Jim Palmer
Also Virginia H. Knauer, special
utilization and conservation, was one of
assistant to the President for consumer
20 Ohio industrialists who joined Presi-
affairs; Stanley S. Scott, special assistant
dent Ford and his staff in a special ques-
to the President for minority affairs;
They Lower
tion-and-answer session on national
James T. Lynn, director-office of manage-
issues. Jim also was one of 35 invited to a
ment and budget; William J. Baroody, Jr.,
breakfast meeting with Mr. Ford on
assistant to the President and director,
the Heat to 45 Degrees
domestic and economic problems.
office of public liaison; and William A.
At LOF, Jim heads programs pertain-
Morrill, ass't. secretary for planning and
ing to energy resources for the company's
evaluation, dept. of health, education and
nationwide plants and offices. He has
welfare.
Although it may seem odd to feature snow and cold
heating contractor, replaced some windows with Thermopane
Technical Center
weather in an August magazine, it also serves as a good
and weatherstripped all other windows, replaced cracked
The very best to our two new retirees:
Walfred Humberstone, analytical control
reminder that Old Man Winter---with his high heating costs---is
putty, and installed special thermal drapes around the biggest
The F.G.M.A. plaque honoring Howard
lab-research, and Ken Walters, mechanical
windows. They also added insulation between exterior walls
Lewis (right) is presented by J. R.
just around the corner.
"Scorch" Gardner, F.G.M.A. president
engineering Congratulations to Marv
Carole Kirk, secretary in our Buffalo district sales office,
and inside paneling, under the roof and in the basement
and general manager of glass
Gottschalk, engineer services, on being
and her husband, John, need no such reminder.
ceiling, and closed the vents to unused rooms.
operations for Bennett's, an LOF
elected chairman of IEEE's Toledo
distributor in Salt Lake City.
That's because they're ahead of most of us in doing their
But the most dramatic change was in their use of the
section Among recent University of
"homework" to conserve heat and save money.
thermostat.
Toledo and Chicago. He currently heads
Toledo graduates were Dave Sendi,
the company's non-automotive original
analytical control-research, and Tony
Back in 1968, when heating costs weren't such a
The winter temperature is kept at 62 degrees when the
equipment sales in a 14-state area.
Shaw, civil engineering. Dave received a
problem, Carole and John purchased a three-story,
Kirks are home---and lowered to 45 degrees at night and when
bachelor of science degree and Tony
eleven-room, turn-of-the-century house.
they aren't home.
received a master of science degree in civil
In the winter of 1970-71, they used 1640 gallons of
"It takes 45 minutes to an hour before it gets warm
engineering.
Best wishes to newlywed Candy Hahn,
heating oil for a cost of $352. In the winter of 1973-74, fuel
when we arrive home," Carol explained, "but warm clothing
special services-research, now Mrs. Robert
used in their home's hot air system was down to 1413 gallons,
and keeping busy prevent that from being any problem.
Leland Beard
Heinemann Among latest Red Cross
but the cost had risen to $476.
"At night we use an electric blanket, and in the few
Leland Beard, Ottawa plant retiree and
one-gallon blood donors are engineering's
John Lewis, Bill Klee and Dick Ott
To reverse the trend, the Kirks made major changes in
minutes it takes to get ready for work in the mornings, we use
United Glass & Ceramic Workers union
their use of heating oil last winter. The results were impressive
a small electric heater in the bedroom."
official for many years, recently passed
Wally Oelke and Hans Boehm, both of
away in Columbus, Ohio. He was 72.
glass technology-research, and their
(for example, up to January 30, 1975, they used only 195.3
Although lowering the heat to 45 degrees may seem a bit
Lee joined the Ottawa plant in 1925,
families vacationed together in Germany.
Walfred Humberstone
gallons---in comparison with 663 by that date in 1974).
radical for some of us, the move has proved a major economy
was Local 19 president from 1934
Other vacationers included Harry Conner,
"Toots" McNutt. It also was nice to see
Achieving these results meant taking the conservation
for Carole and John. One thing for sure, the Kirks' experience
through 1943, and then served as the
automotive products development
retirees Arnold Asbury, Laura Heider,
shows that heat-saving techniques, and preparing for winter,
United Glassworkers' international vice-
steps all of us hear about, but too few of us heed.
(Mexico); Jim Blumer, v.p.-R&D
Gene Esling, Bill Hubbard and Bob Leck
president until his 1965 retirement.
(Canada); and Wayne Kohn,
at Walfred Humberstone's retirement
They had their furnace brought into top shape by a
do pay off.
THE SHIELD joins Mr. Beard's many
v.p.-engineering (Canada)
Among
dinner
Approximately 200 LOFers
friends and associates in extending
recent Tech Center visitors were retirees
and family members attended this year's
sincerest sympathy to his wife, Doris.
Dick Walp, Bert Ayers, Ralph Becker and
picnic at Rossford Park.
16
17
LOF NEWSMAKERS
(continued)
David Grod on completing the Officers
LOF Girl Named One of Top U.S. Female Athletes
Executive Offices
Rotary Wing Advanced Course at Ft.
Tennis star Billie Jean King, publisher
in the magazine's June issue as a "Women
Congratulations to Gale Heise on being
grandson is named Jacob Reid
Our
Rucker, Ala. The son of George Grod,
Sacrament School. The youngster won a
of "Women Sports" magazine, has
Sports Athlete of the Year." Her honor
salaried maintenance foreman, was
appointed assistant manager of technical
special scholarship for music classes at the
sympathy to Don Ellis, building sup't., on
selected the daughter of a Rossford
resulted from her outstanding career at
the loss of his father; to Margaret
assigned to the 101st Airborne at Ft.
sales services. Gale previously was
Toledo Museum of Art
LOFer as one of the country's top female
Perrysburg High School.
supervisor of architectural technical
Congratulations also to Ruth Jenkins,
Callahan, legal, on the passing of her
Campbell, Ky. after graduating from the
athletes.
The daughter of Chuck Ferguson,
daughter of salaried administration's Ted,
husband; and to Bob Kwiatkowski,
nine-month helicopter pilot training
services at LOF's Technical Center. The
Patricia Lynne Ferguson was featured
sup't.-automotive edging, set a school
product services, on the loss of his
Bending's Terrence Piriczky placed fifth
University of Toledo
high-jump record with a 5'3" leap in the
mother Dick Keim, supervisor-AGR
among 300 ballplayers in the Los Angeles
electrical engineering
district track meet at Bowling Green
graduate joined the
warehouse delivery service plan, is back
Dodgers' recent tryout camp in Toledo.
State University. She then represented
to work after serious injuries sustained in
The son of edging's Richard Piriczky was
company as an elec-
Perrysburg in the state women's track and
the only catcher among the top five
tronic project
a softball game. Dick required surgery
field events, where she placed second
Lester "Let" McPherson, general plant
engineer in 1969 and
following his collision with another
with another 5'3" jump.
moved to architec-
outfielder while going after a fly ball.
retiree, reports that his grandson, Douglas
Patty received the most-valuable-
Shaffer, is a member of the American
tural technical ser-
Joining in a fishing trip to Alpena,
player awards of the school's league-
Youth Symphony and Chorus touring
vices in 1972
Mich., were office services' Gary Kuhns,
champion basketball and volleyball
Europe this summer. The non-profit
Serving as LOF's
Ken Hanes, Rich Caughhorn and Don
teams. In softball, she paced the team in
organization, dedicated to developing
"loaned executive"
Flory Other recent vacationers
batting average, hits, runs-batted-in and
youth and furthering peace through
in the 1975 United
included Dorothy Albright (Michigan's
fielding, and was named to the all-league
music, selected Doug on the basis of
Upper Peninsula), Dick Eversman
first team.
Way campaign is
musicianship, citizenship and character.
Tom Lenton, direc-
(Arizona, California and Las Vegas),
She also was named the Northern
tor of business
Selma Asbury (Florida), Mary Sue Ostafi
Lakes League's female basketball player
insurance. Tom is
(Texas), Emily Richardson (Canada and
of the year, and she lettered in track,
participating in a
New England), Gary Johnston (Bermuda
basketball and softball and participated in
and New Jersey), Ed Naber (Bermuda),
Bogardus, Wilson
tennis and golf.
pre-campaign
management educa-
Gale Heise
Tom Lenton
Claudia Ogle (Yugoslavia and Italy), Rich
Welcome to John Samways, a new
Patty "lettered" in the classroom
tion program, in
Caughhorn (Tennessee), Beverly
Edmonton staff member who is heading
too-ranking first academically in the
which he is calling on chief executives of
on being named Clay High School's
DiSabatino (Florida), and Lois Berning
that branch's new sealed unit plant
senior class! This fall she plans to enter
various Toledo-area firms to encourage
representative to The Lion Stores Teen
(California).
Welcome also to new employee Dawn
Miami University at Oxford, Ohio and
their companies' support of the United
Board Scott Leeds, son of Dale,
Hall, who is assisting David Blackgrove,
Patty Ferguson
major in physical therapy.
Way effort.
advertising mgr., is quite a soccer player.
office manager in Burnaby Burnaby's
Linda Villarreal, product services
Scott was among all-stars from the
Albert Forshaw, marketing mgr., is quite
Ohio-Michigan-Indiana-Canada area
a yachtsman. Al and his crew powered
competing in a recent Windsor, Ont.,
their new racing sloop to 17th place
tournament Dick Thatcher, admin.
among 125 entries in the classic Straits of
Mahogany Grandfather Clock Handmade by LOFers' Son
director-occupational safety and health,
Georgia yacht race.
recently chaired a special seminar on
Congratulations to John Hays,
In Europe's Black Forest, 18-year-old
Jim Hummel now would be known as
OSHA compliance for small and
Edmonton branch office manager, on his
medium-size business and industry. Dick
new
grandson
John's
daughter,
"der Uhrmacher."
is chairman of the Toledo Area Chamber
Nancy, a famous dancer, currently is with
Here in America, the title is simply
of Commerce's Toledo Industrial Safety
the White Heather Show for a two-month
"the clockmaker," but it certainly
Engineers Council.
tour of Australia and New Zealand
describes his talent for making an
Our best wishes to newlyweds Nancy
Vacationing in Palm Springs, Calif., was
antique-style clock by the old hand-
Szarlip, traffic; Sheila Gladieux,
Ron DeBoer, Burnaby branch
crafted methods.
marketing research; and Linda Taylor,
manager
Our Burnaby office building
The son of Lila Hummel, executive
Linda and Jesse Villarreal
is getting a new paint job and a new sign.
offices, and Dale Hummel, technical
pricing & planning dept. Nancy is the new
bride of William Timmerman, Sheila
A warehouse addition was recently
center, Jim completed a 6'3" grandfather
secretary, and husband Jesse are $5,000
married John Guzdanski, and Linda is
completed there.
clock--fashioned not from a modern "do-
richer---the result of Jesse's winning ticket
now Mrs. Richard Autry Linda
it-yourself" clockbuilding kit, but from
Meet Jim Oathout, new senior
Kinzel, payroll, and husband Terry, East
rough mahogany wood and careful
in the Ohio Lottery's "Lucky Buck"
attorney in the legal department. Jim
drawing. The couple spent part of the
Toledo, announce the arrival of a new
holds a law degree from Boston
construction over a five-month period.
money on a vacation in New Orleans and
daughter, whom they have named
University Law School, from which he
Cutting and processing the mahogany
Florida, and have banked the rest
Joe
Kelly Theresa Konesni, replacement
was graduated cum laude, and an A.B.
planks, hand-tooling the detailed mold-
degree from Dartmouth College. He
Heban, purchasing, is rightfully proud of
safety glass and inventory control, is a
ing, as well as shellacking and lacquering
joined LOF after four years as a
his son, Joe, a second-grader at Blessed
first-time grandmother. The new
partner in a Pittsburgh law firm.
the clock case to a high-quality finish,
were all part of his initial venture in
clockmaking.
Every clock component but the
mechanism and Westminster chimes was
Rossford
made by Jim during Whitmer High School
Happy birthday number 100 to
Eugene, has been honored with a life
bending's Richard. Selected as alternates
shop classes. The top of the case alone
Chester "Jack" Chappell! The former car-
membership in Distributive Education
were Sheryl Wernert, daughter of edging's
required two months of shaping the intri-
Jim Hummel with the grandfather
penter shop employee is LOF's oldest
Clubs of America, a work-study program
Robert, and Pamela Soldenwagner,
cate curves and angles, making sure every
clock he built.
retiree and was the first to retire under
in which students learn about distribution
daughter of wareroom's George.
part fit in perfect square so the clock
clock would cost about $700 if purchased
the company's hourly pension plan
of goods and services in the economy.
Graduating magna cum laude from
works would operate properly.
in the store. His total cash outlay was
Best wishes to new retirees Vince Lorenc,
Mollie, who is The Lion Store's credit
Bowling Green State University was
Preparing the wood involved planing
approximately $160, of which $120 was
tank; Joseph Bakus and Tom Braun,
manager, was among Toledo employers
Kathleen Cajka, daughter of Joseph,
the boards to required thickness, ripping
for the works.
wareroom; Fred Stricker and George
recognized for assisting this program.
machine shop. Kathleen, whose grade
the wood to needed lengths, jointing the
Asked why he undertook such a
Kish, edging; Robert Parker, Walter
William Kibler, son of wareroom's Paul,
average was approximately 3.8, partici-
pieces, and scraping them to a precision
complex project, Jim replied, "I wanted
Badyna and Ted Gembus, general plant;
was among students presenting
pated in the new modular achievement
Charleston's Sam Darnell, packing
smoothness.
to make something which could be
and Robert Granger, brickmasons. Vince
awards Winning $500 scholarships in
program, in which bachelor's degree
dept. retiree, says this is the way to
Finishing the case required filler stain,
handed down, with pride, through future
retired with 45 years service and Joe
Local 9's program were high school
requirements were completed in nine
enjoy retirement life. Sam is relaxing
after a six-week, 5100-mile trip to
two coats of shellac and two applications
generations of my family. This is why I
Bakus had 44.
seniors Karen Gobbell, daughter of bend-
academic quarters instead of the usual
Texas, Florida, North Carolina and
of spray lacquer.
made a handcrafted item, rather than
Mollie Jacubec, wife of wareroom's
ing's James, and Ruth Beard, daughter of
12
Congratulations also to 1st Lt.
Washington, D.C.
Jim estimates that such a grandfather
assemble a clock from a kit."
18
19
LOF NEWSMAKERS
(continued)
Ottawa Youth Receives
maintenance; and Ron Lacchyne and
Jenkins, Gembus Renamed To Chest Budget Group
Many Senior Year Awards
Russell Benson, production Passing
East Toledo
LOF's Ted Jenkins and Joe Gembus
in budget decision-making.
out cigars and announcing the arrival of
Handshakes to assembly's Joe Ball on
one day. Her dad, Francis, assembly, has
Judging by honors in his senior year of
new daughters were Gary Faykosh and
have been reappointed to the Toledo-area
The committee is structured so that
being appointed state council activity
been a school board member for six
high school, Ottawa's Robert Rafalski
production's Mike Wernert Our
Community Chest's budget committee.
each member participates in an in-depth
years Congratulations to Tom Davies,
seems certain to have a successful career
Ted, director of salaried administra-
sympathy to Homer Cofer, production
study of programs, proposals and requests
director for the Knights of Columbus.
Joe, a veteran lodge member, will
son of personnel's Harry, on receiving
at Purdue University.
tion, and Joe, financial secretary of the
foreman, on the passing of his brother
of a specific group of agencies. This helps
Bowling Green State University's
The son of Harold Rafalski, plant 5
United Glass and Ceramic Workers'
Among recent vacationers were Bob
assure that funds pledged in this fall's
promote the "Spirit of 76" program
distinguished service award. A music
electrician, was awarded a full four-year
Toledo Local 9, will be among those
Perry, Sr. (Pennsylvania), Jack Brown
United Way campaign will be channeled
among 276 lodge groups throughout the
state
Among recent U.S. Naval
major, Tom currently is assistant music
scholarship to Purdue under the
determining 1976 allocations to the 44
(North Carolina) and Charles Barnhart
to areas of greatest community need.
director of the West
N.R.O.T.C. program. A look at his record
Chest agencies serving Lucas, Wood and
Also serving on the 62-member
(Florida).
Ottawa counties.
Virginia Arts
shows why.
committee is Mary Hamilton, wife of Bill,
Theater. This fall
Bob received the Sons of the American
They are among volunteers selected
gr.-marketing research, international.
he'll enter the
Revolution medal, awarded to the boy
Lathrop
from throughout the three-county area to
Mrs. Hamilton is senior trust officer at
University of
with most outstanding citizenship
Patrick Grimshaw's daughter, Mary
assure broad community representation
Toledo Trust Co.
Southern California
qualities; a watch presented by the
Ellen, will enter the United States
for graduate
Kiwanis to the senior boy chosen by
Merchant Marine Academy in Kingsport,
study Steve
classmates and faculty for outstanding
N.Y. Mary Ellen, who'll enroll in the fall
Haynes, son of edge-
character and citizenship; and the Rotary
room's Bob, has
Club award, a pen-and-pencil set going to
been elected senior
the senior boy judged by the faculty to
class president at
have performed outstanding service to the
Whitmer High
school.
Liberty Mirror
School. Steve, who
In addition, he received the principal's
Steve Harwig's annual snake hunting
Schicker, plant superintendent, and Gino
is on the Junior
award, a gold key which goes to the boy
trip to Savannah, Ga., didn't net any
is employed in dept. 7 Announcing
Ohio State Fair
maintaining highest scholastic standing
diamondback rattlers this year--but his
the arrival of a new granddaughter is
Board and serving at
while earning at least two varsity athletic
group's catch did include two rare indigo
Cecilia Svitek, dept. 4 Condolences to
the fair this month,
awards as a senior, and a trophy for being
snakes nearly 7 feet long. Indigo snakes
Rose DeBlasio Evans, dept. 4, on the loss
plans a career in
the football player ranking highest
are highly prized by snake fanciers for
of her mother and to George Kurn,
Joe Ball
Randy Avers
business and study
scholastically.
their docile nature, beauty and easy feed-
quality control, on his father's passing
at the University of
Bob, a National Honor Society mem-
ing habits. These two snakes won't be
Recent vacationers included dept. 1's
Academy graduates was Randy Avers, son
Toledo.
ber, played basketball four years, tennis
sold, but their worth is nearly $200 each.
Richard Celecki (New Jersey), dept. 4's
of Earl, bending. He is staying on
Our most recent retirees include Tony
Best wishes to newlyweds Scott and
Irene Porter (Florida) and John Bibza,
temporarily at the academy as an
Zdybek, edgeroom, 42 years service; Lee
Jan Schicker, as well as Gino and
office (Boston).
instructor and member of the coaching
Turk, cutting, 41 years; Stanley Wojton,
Lorraine Lionelli. Scott is the son of Herb
staff. His future assignment will be to the
fabricating, 36 years; Paul Pely, plant 4
Mary Ellen Grimshaw
nuclear power school in Florida.
electrical, 30 years; Bill Aberl, painters,
class as a midshipman plebe, was one of
Bill Richardson, plant 8 labor, is real
29 years; Max DeMuth, plant 4 ware-
35 chosen from 2,300 academy
proud of his son, Ricky, and he should
room, and Walter Kern, plant 8 ware-
candidates Congratulations also to
be. Twelve-year-old Ricky won the state's
room, 25 years; and Otto Masters, tank,
Elaine Dollahite, daughter of tank
90-pound junior olympic boxing
19 years. Best wishes to a fine group
department's Donald, on winning a
championship-beating three opponents
Golf is the king of sports at our plants.
four-year national merit scholarship. The
in Columbus to win the title and a
The hourly league consists of two divi-
graduate of Stockton's Franklin High
beautiful gold medal On Youth
sions and 56 players. Emery Toth, plant 4
School will enter the University of the
Government Day, when high school
labor, is president and Chet Zuchowski,
Pacific as a biochemistry major Holly
seniors assume duties of city and county
plant 4 wareroom retiree, is secretary.
Simpson, daughter of service labor's
executives, Cynthia Grosjean was
The salaried group has 48 players in two
Raymond, is on the dean's honor roll at
superintendent of Lucas County schools.
leagues. Les Cowell, template, is president
California State University in
As Cynthia plans a teaching career, she
and the secretaries are Brud McNutt and
Sacramento, where she is a junior
plant 8 electrical's Dick Hubaker.
The last workday for George Hatalsky
was delighted to "start at the top" for
Robert Rafalski
psychology major. Her brother, Allen,
Anna Augustine (center), new dept. 4
(left) included goodbyes to such dept.
recently received his master's degree in
retiree, shows us the cake presented
5 co-workers as Joseph Napolski and
four years and football three years. He
psychology from Chapman University in
by her co-workers. Anna, who had
Wilbert Schrecongost. George's retire-
has been named to "Who's Who" among
Yuba.
more than 39 years service, plans to
ment plans include gardening and
American high school students, and was
All the best to new retirees Bob
travel, work in her flower garden and
farming on his four acres, as well as
chosen as one of the outstanding teen-
attend bingo games.
travel.
Woehrle and Frank Rockford. Bob
agers of America.
started with LOF in Rossford, where he
was in charge of special optical glass
during World War II, and Frank began at
Participating in the
the Ottawa plant when it was the
gifted and talented
Glass Filming
enrichment pro-
National Plate Glass Company
Don Busdeker, plant 4 main-
Welcome to Bob Stevenson, joining
gram, W hich
tenance, putts for a par in
Celebrating their golden wedding
involves supple-
our production staff from Rossford plant
anniversary were Wendell Trenchick and
mental individual-
the hourly golf league at
Hidden Hills Country Club.
6 shipping Congratulations to Gary
wife Elizabeth. They were married in
ized instruction,
Awaiting their turn are Hugh
Faykosh, operating technician, on
are 9-year-old Brian
Rossford in 1925 and now reside in
completing his associate degree in
Bibza (left) and
Ehrsam, plant 4 wareroom,
Modesto.
and Tom Busdeker, plant 8
first-grader Alan
engineering from the University of
Hooks. Brian, son
labor.
Toledo Handshakes also to John
Pettcoff, operating technician, on
Mason City
of John, office,
attends West Deer
receiving his private pilot's license. John
Our sympathy to Harold Gamble,
Township's Baird-
ford School; Alan,
now plans to continue working toward
furnace no. 2 attendant, and Dave Klinge,
son of dept. 5's
advanced ratings.
organic inspector, on the loss of their
Edward, qualified
Our congratulations to six employees
fathers; to Michael Wolken, utility man,
for the program in
who are newlyweds: Bob Wilson and
on the passing of his mother; and to
the Highlands
School District.
Steve Waldenga, operating technicians;
Dennis Tolzman, tilt hoist operator, on
Lewis McCrory and John Hanley,
the loss of his father-in-law.
20
21
$50
LOF NEWSMAKERS (continued)
Special White House Meeting
Ottawa
Caps LOFer's Visit To
Answers to
$250
$250
The American Legion has presented
Nation's Capital (cont. from page 10)
Charlie Biecker, pattern cutter, with a
$250
Delvie said the conference focused on
lifetime membership card because of out-
problems encountered daily by elderly
standing contribu-
blacks, especially women, in areas of
COST
$250
tions since joining
$250
health care, housing, nourishment,
$250
the organization in
employment and education.
1945. Charlie has
She explained that the problems facing
AWARENESS
bee p S
black aged are numerous, but that hope-
commander, county
fully, meetings such as the one she
commander and the
attended will help focus more attention
county's Chef De
on these problems and initiate action to
Gare Voiture 40/8,
QUIZ
and has served four
help alleviate conditions created by
terms on the board
poverty, governmental red tape, and
Working with leaded church glass is
social and economic discrimination.
of trustees. He also
retiree Henry Schenk's hobby. Shown
"After all," Delvie observed, "we all
(questions on pages 8-9)
has been post,
are some of the lampshades, candle
Charlie Biecker
holders, planters, mini-gardens and
are faced with the prospect of growing
county and district
1. (C) More than $1,800,000. It was back in 1970 that the
31, 1975. Choice B, 35 percent, was the curtailment for
with his American
decorative items he has designed and
old. For those people, especially black
Legion lifetime
children-and-youth
constructed. Henry took up the hobby
women in poverty or near-poverty situa-
cost of batch sand was "only" $1,200,000. The
the month of December, 1974.
membership card.
chairman for the
after retirement, when he bought an
$1,500,000 figure was for the year 1972. We spent
Legion, and the
old lamp with a shade which had to
tions, the problems are compounded. It
poppy chairman for many years.
be completely rebuilt.
promises to be a big challenge, but with
almost $300,000 more for sand in 1974 than in 1972,
11. (C) Approximately 20 percent. The 3.4 percent was a
the information gained during my three
Harry Nangle, property protection
Foltynewicz and Mr. and Mrs. Frank
even though we purchased almost 10,000 more tons of
price hike which went into effect in June, 1973. In June,
days in Washington, I hope to be able to
chief, has been elected commander of
Battistelli (their 25th). Owen and George
better relate these problems to my
sand in 1972. These figures do not include freight costs.
1974, another increase pushed the cost of plastic to
Ottawa VFW Post 2470. Congratulations
retired from the G&P, Jasper is a bending
business associates and friends in Toledo.
about 14 percent above the March, '73 level. Still
to Harry and to these other LOFers
retiree, Eugene is employed in plant 5
wareroom, and Frank is a tank fore-
"Helping others can be the most
2. (B) Dolomite. In 1974 dolomite cost the company about
another increase boosted the cost to approximately 20
elected to VFW Post offices: Lawrence
rewarding experience of all."
$662,000. This was more than $154,000 above our
percent above the March, '73 price. This is for clear
Majerus, senior vice president; Harold
man Our sympathy to the families of
Delvie explained that The National
Hiles, junior vice president; Otha Foley,
these LOFers who passed away: Charles
dolomite cost in 1972. The 1974 figure for salt cake was
plastic plastic with the shaded band now costs 25
Caucus on the Black Aged, Inc., was
three-year trustee; Harold Carrier, two-
Hopp, plant protection; Larry Shallhorn,
more than $445,000. In 1974 we paid more than
percent more than it did in March, 1973!
founded in Philadelphia in 1970 when a
year trustee; and Jesse Leal, one-year
plant 7 labor; John Thrasher, plant 5
booking; and retirees Thomas Bassett,
group of concerned persons, all specialists
$142,000 for limestone.
trustee.
Henry Juergensen, Martin Rice, Jr. and
in the field of aging, committed them-
12. $85,000 was the 1974 cost of paper towels and toilet
The very best to our newest retirees:
William Schmidt.
selves to working for the removal of
3. True. The cost of all batch materials was more than
tissue. We are now paying approximately 25 percent
Wilbur Saager, plant 5 wareroom, 45
social and economic obstacles
$11,700,000 in 1974. But the cost of all packing
more for these items than we were at the beginning of
Representing Ottawa in the Junior
confronting aging and aged blacks.
materials topped the $12,000,000 mark.
1974.
Prep International Basketball Tourna-
A major step toward realization of this
ment in Phoenix were these young
goal, she said, was the opening of the
men-members of the Shepherd Rams
National Center on Black Aged in
4. (A) Packing cartons and containers. The cost of lumber
13. Nearly $632,000. This is the 1974 total for parts alone.
junior high school team. The Rams,
who compiled a 49-1 record over the
Washington in 1973. The center offers a
was more than $2,500,000, whereas the total bill for
No labor costs for fork lift truck repairs are included.
past three years, included Jon
comprehensive program of coordination,
paper and stickers was more than $2,100,000.
Schaefer, son of Mike, ass't. plant
communication, information and consul-
mgr., and Dave Damyen, son of Jack,
14. (B) $147,000. The $32,000 (choice A) was the 1974
plant 5 labor dept. head. Jon (number
tative services to help provide
5. (C) More than $106,000 was spent last year for the nails
professional assistance in implementing
cost of leather gloves. The $196,000 (D) was last year's
52 in back row) was a starting for-
ward, and Dave (front row, left)
and improving meaningful policies and
and bailing wire to pack glass.
bill for latex-coated gloves, and $257,000 (C) was the
managed the team which won the
programs for aging and aged blacks
total cost of all types of cloth gloves, including the
tournament's outstanding citizenship
throughout America.
6. (C) $12,321,000. The $2,446,000 was the cost of fuel
trophy.
quilted slip-ons.
oil alone from October, 1974 through March, 1975. The
years service; Bill Kirkman, production
$4,163,000 was the cost of power, water and steam in
15. (C) 29.9 percent. In 1973, LOF's average cost for a new
mgr., 43 years; Hubert Prentice, plant 5
1974.
R&M, 42 years; Tranquillo Balocchi,
pair of gloves was more than 54 cents. In 1974, it was
assembly, and Louis Devine, edging, 40
more than 70 cents.
years; Walter Mathews, bending, and John
Field Marketing
7. (C) $1.12½ an increase of 80.6 percent in one year!
Meyers, plant 7 wareroom, 26 years;
Retirement best wishes to Helen Gade,
Bernard Donaldson, plant 7 R&M, 25
who was secretary to Bob Drake and
8. (C) Nearly tripled. From November, 1974 through
16. (B) $645,000. This breaks down to more than 4 cents
years; Adone Michelini, plant 7 labor, and
Wayne Foreman in the Toledo sales
March, 1975 we paid 31 cents per gallon of fuel oil. If
for each hour worked by each glass plant employee
Charles Freeman, plant 5 wareroom, 23
office. A retirement dinner, attended by
you selected "A" (more than 60 percent), you chose the
throughout the year, an increase of almost 12 percent
years; and Ralph A. Milano, plant 7 labor,
24 women, was held for Helen at The
mid-November, 1973 price of 17½ cents per gallon. If
over the 1973 cost per man-hour.
19 years.
Willows, and Wayne also hosted a
you selected "B" (more than doubled), you chose the
Best wishes to Sandra Ferguson,
retirement party for her Announcing
daughter of Dale, industrial relations
their engagement are Noreen Bijou, AGR
mid-January, 1974 price of 22.6 cents per gallon.
17. Approximately $160,000.
mgr., on her marriage to Robert Pearse.
secretary in the Fort
Congratulations also to newlyweds
Lee office, and her
9. True. We purchased $1,748,000 worth of fuel oil from
18. (C) $7,000 the result of an 11 percent price increase.
Elizabeth Donahue, senior maintenance
fiance, Richard
October, 1973 through March, 1974. Because of fuel
clerk-PBP, and Jim Miller, plant 5 electri-
Shannon Recent
oil's increased cost, and the need to use more oil due to
19. (C) $13,100 because of a 23 percent increase in the
cian Retiree Ray Miller and wife Iva
vacationers included
spent several weeks in Ottawa visiting
Fort Lee's Connie
natural gas curtailments, the figure for October, 1974
paper price and a 21 percent jump in the pencil price.
Athens (Colombia,
Meet Martin Wenzler, manager of
friends and relatives. The Millers, now
through March, 1975 was up to $2,446,000.
LOF's St. Louis district architectural
living in Arizona, were in town for son
South America),
construction market. Marty joined
20. False. The $13,000 figure is not the total cost, but only
Jim's wedding Wedding anniversary
Toledo's Bob Drake
LOF in 1965 and was assigned to the
10. (C) 30 percent. This is more than the 20 percent (choice
the additional cost resulting from two price increases
congratulations to Mr. and Mrs. Owen
(Hawaii) and Fort
Seattle district. He moved to Los
King (their 65th), Mr. and Mrs. George
Angeles in 1970 as a district architec-
D) the supply was curtailed during the cold-weather
which went into effect during 1974. In May, the price of
Carol
Grandmougin
tural construction market rep, and
month of November, 1974! The 55 percent curtailment
these cards jumped 23 percent, and in September the
Grobe (their 50th), as well as Mr. and
assumed a similar position in St. Louis
Mrs. Jasper Gjerde, Mr. and Mrs. Eugene
Helen Gade
(Florida).
in 1973.
(choice A) was the figure for January 1 through March
cards went up an additional 10 percent.
22
23
THE NEWS IN PICTURES
Current news of South Vietnamese orphans' arrival in the U.S. has stirred
The shattered lens gives an idea of what would have happened to
memories for Ottawa's Hank Schomas, retired plant 5 R&M foreman. Last
Donald Bialecki's eye had these not been safety glasses. Don was
December Hank's daughter, Mrs. Charles Steep, and her husband were
using a sledge hammer to chip brick during a Rossford tank tear-
awaiting a plane from Seoul and the arrival of an adopted Korean child,
down when a piece of brick struck the lens. Don, whose eye was
3-year-old Cheri Lee. Cheri, who has adjusted well to her American home,
not injured, has joined the Wise Owl Club of America, made up of
is shown reviewing a scrapbook with Mrs. Steep, new brother Timmie,
people who know first-hand the value of eye protection.
and grandpa Hank.
INGS BOND
UNITED STATES PAYMPICA
1776 BICENTENNIAL 1976
DOLLARS
ISSUE DATE
To
LIBERTY HEAL
SERIES E
0000 000 000 E
LOFers participating in the payroll savings program are finding a "new look" on their Savings
Bonds. Series E Bonds now feature a bicentennial design--which includes a red, white and
blue color scheme; the Minute Man replacing the eagle as the central figure; and bicentennial
Meet Lisa Martin, who has joined the Toledo
symbols replacing the portraits of Presidents. The $50 Bond shown here uses the Liberty
sales office as automotive glass replacement
Bell, while $25 Bonds feature Independence Hall, $75 Bonds portray the Spirit of '76 and
expediter for the Central region-East. Lisa
$100 Bonds picture Valley Forge.
started with LOF in 1973 as a secretary in
the AGR marketing department at Toledo
headquarters. She is a graduate of the
University of Toledo, where she currently is
studying for a law degree.
theShield
LIBBEY-OWENS-FORD COMPANY
811 MADISON AVENUE
TOLEDO, OHIO 43695
SPECIAL CONSULTANT ON COMMUNITY RELATIONS
AUSTRALIA
TELEPHONE 61 9111
P.O. BOX E280,
TELEX 62002
CANBERRA, A.C.T. 2600
TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS:
COMMUNAL, CANBERRA
BERALD FORD LIBRARY
In reply please quote:
September 16, 1975
Dear Mr. Calhoun,
Following my visit to the United States last year
and my consultations with yourself and your office, I am
pleased to report that the Racial Discrimination Legislation
on which I was working at that time has now passed both the
House of Representatives and the Senate and will shortly be
proclaimed. The attached is a copy of our Act.
2.
I have been appointed Commissioner for Community
Relations for Australia and I am in the process of building
the structure which will have a continuing job to do for a
long time.
3.
The attached paper outlines what I hope will be
our approach to the problems here.
4.
A friend and associate of mine in Community Relations
is Mr. Des Storer of the Centre for Urban Research & Action.
This is situated in the State of Victoria of which Melbourne
is the capital and which has 3 million people and is represent-
ative of the 60 different ethnic groups in the Australian
community. It is also the third largest Greek speaking city in
the world.
5.
He will be visiting the United States shortly to
study some aspects of community relations work there and I hope
you will be able to help him through your office with the
benefit of your guidance and advice.
Every good wish,
Yours sincerely,
(The agglassly
Mr. J. Calhoun,
Office of Staff Assistant to the
President on Minority Affairs,
Room 179,
01d Executive Office Building,
Pennsylvania Avenue,
WASHINGTON,
D.C.
20500
A NEW ERA IN AUSTRALIAN COMMUNITY RELATIONS
by Hon. A.J. Grassby
Australian Commissioner for Community Relations
Australia today is one of the most cosmopolitan
countries in the world 26 percent of the Australian workforce
was born outside Australia 3.1 million people came from 60
different countries and locations around the world in the past
25 years of mass migration.
Compared with the United States in the same period
our per capital intake was 50 to one and even in New York,
considered to be the most cosmopolitan city in the world, today
only 19 percent of the people are born outside the United States.
These great changes can be more readily understood
when we come down to the local level when we find the city
of Melbourne the third largest Greek speaking city in the
world following Athens and Salonika
when some industries are
manned by 80 percent migrants some schools only a minority
would have English as their first language.
It means today that Australia has been transformed
into a multi-cultural society with an exciting future and an
opportunity to show the world what the youngest of all nations
can do in promoting tolerance, peace and unity among all
sections of our population.
It might be thought by some that we should not have
embarked on such an ambitious program; such thoughts are
irrelevant because it has all happened but it is worth while
contemplating an Australia which did not have a postwar migration
program.
Our population would have climbed painfully slowly
to 8 million by about 1980 and then would have steadily declined.
It would mean we would now be a country of the middle aged; a
country with a shortage of active people and unable to even
service our present population and how real this difficulty
would have been can be gathered from the fact that 75 percent
of all our water and sewerage workers in most towns and cities
/2
- 2 -
are young migrant workers.
The fact suburbs have been sewered is due to
migration because we would not have had enough people to go
around and do the jobs if we had relied on our declining
native born population.
But the decision was made and carried on by successive
governments until today we have in Australia the newest people
in the world with half the population soon to be under 25 and
one Australian in three a product one way or another of postwar
migration. This means that Australians who were alive in
Australia at the time of World War II are now in a minority.
Against this background it is vital to have continuing
programs to build national unity and amity and to take advantage
of the wonderful reservoir of cultural and linguistic skills
which are now ours.
There are two ways to proceed. If we take the now
discarded United States 'melting pot' theory we find it has
failed and been a factor in promoting racial and community
tensions. The first generation settler clings to the old, the
next violently rejects the old and the third or the fourth begin
to retreat back to ethnic isolationism.
We can learn from the mistakes of the American and
other migrant receiving countries and the great lesson which
emerges is that to build lasting foundations for a successful
multi-cultural society it is necessary to recognise the cultures
and the languages and to cherish them all equally within the
context of the Australian family of the nation.
More easily said than done perhaps but nevertheless
the greatest challenge facing us as a nation. There has also
to be a recognition of the continuing need to guard against
the bigot or the extremist who would throw a spanner into the
community harmony.
It is an old and too familiar charge that Australians
are racists. I reject this charge. I believe the overwhelming
majority of Australians would reject extremism and racism.
...13
- 3 -
Yet we would be pretending if we did not acknowledge that there
are Australians who are worried by shadows of the past...when
it was a national phobia that somebody was coming from the
north to take over.
This vague fear still exists and it showed up the
other day when there was a survey taken in the Gladstone area
of Queensland by High School students there. The survey showed
that people acknowledged the importance of migration to Australia
but felt we should not have too many migrants. A majority
opposed Asian migration, the biggest group in opposition confessed
it did not know why.
Again this was the vague fear coming out based on lack
of information. How many Australians realise that our nearest
neighbor Indonesia is underpopulated in every one of the 3,000
islands of the republic except one, Java
that every province
seeks transmigrants from Java that there is official opposition
to migration to Australia just as there is in Singapore and
Malaysia. none of these countries wish to lose their people
because they want them at home to build rapidly expanding
economies.
It is the same lack of information and understanding
which so often causes a rift between our original Australians
and the rest. Most Australians have never met an aboriginal
Australian but are often warped in their view of the founding
nations by racist text books.
Because of all these situations a new initiative has
long been needed and the United Nations Convention Against All
forms of Racial Discrimination provides the ideal launching
pad.
This convention was adopted by the United Nations some
10 years ago. Australia signed the convention at that time
through the then Foreign Minister, Mr Paul Hasluck as he was.
We were not able to ratify the convention because we did not
have the legislation enabling us to do so.
/4
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
October 14, 1975
MEMORANDUM FOR: JOHN CALHOUN
JEFF EVES
F. DeBACA
PAT LINDH
PAM POWELL
TED MARRS
WAYNE VALIS
JOHN VICKERMAN
FROM:
BILL BAROODY, JR.
R
SUBJECT:
Daily News Summary
Due to the tight White House budget, the Staff Secretary's
office has notified me that individual news summaries
will no longer be available each morning. A copy will
be sent to my office, and you are all welcome to read it
at any time, or make a copy.
- 4 @
During the 10 years we were considering the necessary
legislation 82 other countries ratified the convention, including
our neighbors in New Zealand and Indonesia; our friends in
Canada, Britain and nearly every European country.
But over the years the legislation in Australia
never rated sufficient priority to have it drafted and presented
to the Parliament. In the past two years three Bills were
drafted. The first two failed to receive priority consideration
and the third considerably amended to place emphasis on education,
information, cultural development and research rather than punitive
measures was passed by the House of Representatives and then went
before the Senate where further extensive amendments were made
designed to remove completely all punitive provisions from the
Bill and to place emphasis on conciliation while leaving the way
clear for the complainant to seek redress from the courts.
Following these amendments the Racial Discrimination
Act 1975 was passed in the autumn session of the Australian
Parliament; it was assented to by the Governor-General within
14 days and preparations were then made for Australia to ratify
the United Nations Convention. After ratification the Act has
the force of law in Australia and October 1 was the date by which
the processes of ratification would be completed and the Act
would be proclaimed.
All of Australia's major political parties have now
subscribed to the principles in the Racial Discrimination Bill
which is designed to prohibit all forms of racial discrimination
in Australia and to pledge the nations to programs designed to
abolish prejudice and promote unity and amity among all ethnic
groups.
In accordance with the United Nations convention the
bill also provides for a Community Relations Commission as a
focal point to coordinate the attack on these problems and to
take initiatives where necessary. The problems will be as
varied as the Australian population itself. It is recognised
that it is not enough just to pass laws prohibiting racial
.../5
- 5 -
discrimination it is necessary to provide for systematic and
effective observance of the law by government bodies, private
industry and by individuals.
Side by side with this aspect and the emphasis will
/ be on conciliation and mediation there is recognised the need
for the promotion of education and research into programs to
change community attitudes if we are to ensure that we have the
reality as well as the theory.
It will come as a surprise to many that up until now
Australia has had no laws which prohibit discrimination and
guarantee fundamental human rights. Until these important gaps
were filled it was impossible for Australia to meet its inter-
national obligations under the convention.
So if we set up the means to identify injustice and
proscribe it we must also set up the means to correct it and
the Act does this. If wrong has been done to a citizen he can
under the Act take his case to the courts which can make an
injunction or issue an order righting the wrong or even providing
damages. A prerequisite is that the Commissioner for Community
Relations should have exhausted the processes of conciliation
without success and issued a certificate enabling court action
to be taken.
But it could well be that no one will have to go to
the courts because the Act has an emphasis on conciliation and
mediation. The Commissioner for Community Relations will have
the responsibility to make the inquiries, arrange the mediation
and attempt to conciliate without leaving it to the courts.
.
The Act outlaws acts of discrimination on the grounds
of race, color, descent or national or ethnic origin and which
deny fundamental rights and freedoms. It provides for equality
before the law and this means some of the blots on Australian
system of justice which have occurred in recent years will be
prevented in future.
The Act ensures there is no discrimination in access
to places and facilities, in providing land, housing. and other
accommodation in the provision of goods and services, the right
.../6
6
to join trade unions and the right to equal consideration in
jobs.
For the Australian who has not encountered the problems
as well to cite some examples of discrimination by failing to do
something, failing to provide proper facilities. Many hospitals
do not have proper interpreter services. In some cases treat-
ment has been detrimental because there was a lack of understanding
of the problem. In another treatment was fatally delayed. In yet
others people have found themselves in a mental asylum not because
they were mad but because they could not make themselves under-
stood.
In other cases before the courts there has been a long
procession of injustice because the man or woman was not provided
with adequate facilities to make himself or herself understood.
An example that came to my notice from Sydney
concerned a man who came to Australia ahead of his family;
he lived alone, had no relatives here and concentrated on
working hard and saving for his wife and family to join him.
One evening he visited some friends travelling by
suburban train. On his return he was pushed out of the carriage
by two larrikans who thought it would be fun to push someone
onto the platform, make him miss the train and wait for the
next one - if there was one.
The middle aged migrant was frightened as he was
roughly bundled out of the railway carriage and he struggled
to get back on board; the stationmaster came up and the
larrikans told him "The old man's mad.' So he helped the
larrikans. His small store of English evaporated in the
emotion of the time. A policeman arrived, the larrikans
disappeared onto the train, the stationmaster told the police-
man the man was mad.
He was taken to the policestation, charged on two
counts, put in the cells, brought to court next day, no one
understood him and he felt they were all mad as well he
might. he was remanded in custody to undergo psychiatric
examination at the State Asylum.
- 7 -
Meanwhile his Australian neighbor noticed he had not
returned home; although there was limited language contact
between them the Australian and the new arrival always chatted
on going and coming.
Worried by his absence his neighbor went to the police,
found he was in an asylum following his arrest, protested he
could not speak English and queried whether he had an inter-
preter. Not satisfied, he found a lawyer and an interpreter.
and, of course, the truth came out, the charges were dropped,
the man set free and apologies offered but the mind boggles
at what would have happened if he had not had a good neighbor.
To make this Act work and to usher in a new era of
community relations it will not only take the cooperation of
the 2,300 ethnic group organizations in Australia but the
help of all Australian community organizations of good will.
I am sure it will be forthcoming in the interests of building
a strong, united independant nation for the generations to
come.
But how will the Community Relations Commission work?
I was appointed Commissioner-designate by the Governor-General
in Council on 29 July 1975. On the proclamation of the Act
the 'designate' is redundant.
Under my authority in conjunction with the Attorney-
General a Community Relations Council is being established of
20 members to advise and recommend on the observance and
implementation of the convention, the promotion of educational
programs of studies and researches, publication and dissemin-
ation of national and all matters designed to promote under-
standing tolerance and friendship.
It is intended to devise forms of consultation with
the community to ensure the council is representative and
broadly based.
It is also intended that supportive sub councils
be established in every State to keep ideas and needs flowing
strongly from the grass roots to the national council.
.../8
- 8 -
Present planning provides for the headquarters of
the Commission to be established in Canberra, with an office
associated with the Attorney-General's Department in each
State.
The Commission will remain small and highly special-
ized and work in support of and with existing agencies at
federal, state and local level to achieve the objectives of
the Act and the United Nations Convention. An Executive Officer
in each state will monitor the community organizations in
relation to their needs and objectives, to service the sub-
councils and above all to ensure a continuing on the spot
link with the grass root levels of the community.
The three major policy areas of the Commission will
be in the areas of institutional education, the need for
education, information research and cultural development in
the community and finally the structure to deal with complaints
of discrimination under the Act, their investigation, the
conciliation required and finally but I hope rarely if ever
the issuing of a certificate which enables the cases to be
taken to the courts of competent jurisdiction.
The priorities for action now being considered
include action research on the origin of prejudice - how can,
Australians of non-Italian origin, in some areas for example,
believe Australians of Italian-origin have a high crime rate
when in fact its one of the lowest and five times less than
most.
Institutional discrimination will also rate priority
attention and I have already made a submission to the Inquiry
into the Australian Public Service on citizenship requirements
which at present are discrimatory at federal, state and local
levels in as much as they do not stipulate Australian citizen-
ship but offer special privileges to the 32 countries of the
Commonwealth of Nations as against the other 30 countries from
which people came.
19
- 9 -
This continues the absurd situation where Idi Amin
of Uganda can be appointed to Public Service positions on
arrival but Hank from Holland waits a minimum of 3 years.
An example of initiatives in community education and
information is the ethnic radio experiment conducted by the
Office of Community Relations which conducted 2 radio stations
in Sydney and Melbourne broadcasting in 8 languages programs
based on culture and information. A further initiative could
be considered in ethnic television.
Above all there will be an early series of initiatives
in the education field spanning the discrimatory base of much
of our cultural tendency or the lack of it, the crippling
inadequacy of school language programs for both those whose
first language is not English and those whose first language
is English and in the community generally to provide information
as to who we are as Australians in the 70's and to ensure the
national tradition of giving a 'fair go' receives a much needed
injection. A typical sin of omission is the omission of
adequate books and newspapers in any language but English in
our public school library and systems. This lack denies us
all access to our new wider culture.
The work of the Commission is not the work of a week,
a month or a year but for a century. It is my personal ambition
to help lay the foundations soundly and well.
AUSTRALIA
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
(As read a first time)
RACIAL DISCRIMINATION BILL 1975
TABLE OF PROVISIONS
PART I-PRELIMINARY
Clause
1. Short title
2. Commencement
3. Interpretation
4. Extension to external Territories
5. Additional operation of Act
6. Act binds Australia and the States
7. Ratification of Convention
PART II-PROHIBITION OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION
8. Exceptions
9. Racial discrimination to be unlawful
10. Rights to equality before the law
11. Access to places and facilities
12. Land, housing and other accommodation
13. Provision of goods and services
14. Right to join trade unions
15. Employment
16. Advertisements
17. Liability of principals and employers
18. Act done for more than one reason
PART III-INQUIRIES AND CIVIL PROCEEDINGS
19. Commissioner for Community Relations
20. Functions of Commissioner
21. Inquiries by Commissioner
22. Compulsory conferences
23. Taking of evidence by prescribed authority
24. Conciliation committees
25. Civil proceedings
26. Powers of court in civil proceedings
2,370/13.2.1975-16953/73
1974-75
TABLE OF PROVISIONS-continued
AUSTRALIA
PART IV-OFFENCES
Clause
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
27. Unlawful acts not offences unless expressly so provided
28. Dissemination of ideas based on racial superiority or hatred
29. Inciting acts of racial discrimination
30. Offences relating to administration of Act
Presented and read a first time, 13 February 1975
PART V-COMMUNITY RELATIONS COUNCIL
31. Establishment and functions of Council
PART VI-ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS
Division 1-Commissioner for Community Relations
(Attorney-General)
32. Appointment of Commissioner
33. Tenure of appointment
34. Remuneration of Commissioner
35. Leave of absence
36. Resignation
37. Termination of appointment
38. Outside employment
39. Acting Commissioner
40. Superannuation
A BILL
41. Staff of Commissioner
42. Officers' Rights Declaration Act
FOR
43. Moneys payable to Commissioner
44. Bank accounts
45. Application of moneys
AN ACT
46. Estimates of expenditure
47. Proper accounts to be kept
48. Audit
Relating to the Elimination of Racial and other
49. Delegation
Discrimination.
Division 2-Community Relations Council
50. Constitution of Council
WHEREAS a Convention entitled the " International Convention on
51. Remuneration of members
the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination " (being the
52. Meetings of Council
Convention a copy of the English text of which is set out in the Schedule)
PART VII-MISCELLANEOUS
was opened for signature on 21 December 1965:
53. Jurisdiction
5
54. Exercise of jurisdiction by Australian Industrial Court
AND WHEREAS the Convention entered into force on 2 January 1969:
55. Legal and financial assistance
AND WHEREAS it is desirable, in pursuance of all relevant powers of
56. Annual report
57. Regulations
the Parliament, including, but not limited to, its power to make laws with
SCHEDULE
respect to external affairs, with respect to the people of any race for whom
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
it is deemed necessary to make special laws and with respect to immi-
10
gration, to make the provisions contained in this Act for the prohibition
of racial discrimination and certain other forms of discrimination and, in
particular, to make provision for giving effect to the Convention:
BE IT THEREFORE ENACTED by the Queen, the Senate and the
House of Representatives of Australia, as follows:-
15
PART I-PRELIMINARY
Short title.
1. This Act may be cited as the Racial Discrimination Act 1975.
2. (1) Sections 1, 2 and 7 shall come into operation on the day on
Commence
ment.
which this Act receives the Royal Assent.
(2) The remaining provisions of this Act shall come into operation on
20 a day to be fixed by Proclamation, being a day not earlier than the day on
which the Convention enters into force for Australia.
2
No.
Racial Discrimination
1975
1975
Racial Discrimination
No.
3
(3) The power of the Governor-General to appoint the Commissioner
" services includes services consisting of the provision of facilities by
or members of the Council or to make regulations under this Act may be
way of banking or insurance or of facilities for grants, loans,
exercised at any time after the day on which this Act receives the Royal
credit or finance;
Assent but any appointment or regulations so made shall not take effect
" Territory does not include Papua New Guinea;
until the date fixed under sub-section (2).
5
5
" Torres Strait Islander means a person who is a descendant of an
indigenous inhabitant of the Torres Strait Islands;
Inter-
3. (1) In this Act, unless the contrary intention appears-
pretation.
" vehicle includes a ship, an aircraft and a hovercraft.
" Aboriginal means a person who is a descendant of an indigenous
inhabitant of Australia but does not include a Torres Strait
(2) A reference in this Act to an Australian ship or aircraft shall be
Islander;
construed as a reference to a ship or aircraft registered in Australia or
" Chairman' means Chairman of the Council;
10
10 belonging to or in the possession of Australia or a State.
" Commissioner " means—
(3) For the purposes of this Act, refusing or failing to do an act shall be
(a) subject to paragraph (b), the person holding office as the
deemed to be the doing of an act and a reference to an act includes a
Commissioner for Community Relations; and
reference to such a refusal or failure.
(b) in relation to the appointment of officers or the engagement
(4) A reference in this Act to the doing of an act by a person includes a
of employees, the receipt, holding or payment of moneys 15
15 reference to the doing of an act by a person in association with other
or the acquisition, holding or disposal of other property-
persons.
the corporation referred to in sub-section 32 (2);
4. This Act extends to every external Territory except Papua New external
Extension to
" conciliation committee means a conciliation committee established
under the regulations;
Guinea.
Territories.
5. Without prejudice to its effect apart from this section, this Act
Additional
" Convention means the International Convention on the Elimination 20
operation
of All Forms of Racial Discrimination that was opened for
20 also has, by force of this section, the effect it would have if-
of Act.
signature on 21 December 1965 and entered into force on
(a) there were added at the end of sections 11 and 13 the words or
2 January 1969, being the Convention a copy of the English text
by reason that that other person or any relative or associate of
of which is set out in the Schedule;
that other person is or has been an immigrant"
" Council means the Community Relations Council established by 25
(b) there were added at the end of sub-sections 12 (1) and 15 (1) the
section 31;
25
words or by reason that that second person or any relative or
associate of that second person is or has been an immigrant
"
Deputy Chairman means Deputy Chairman of the Council;
(c) there were inserted in sub-section 14 (1), before the words " is
" dispose includes sell, assign, lease, let, sub-lease, sub-let, license or
invalid ", the words or by reason that that person is or has been
mortgage, and also includes agree to dispose and grant consent to
an immigrant
the disposal of;
30
30
(d) there were added at the end of sub-section 14 (2) the words " or
" employment' includes work under a contract for services, and
by reason that that other person is or has been an immigrant"
cognate expressions have corresponding meanings;
(e) there were added at the end of sub-section 15 (2) the words or
" member means a member of the Council and includes the
by reason that the person so seeking employment or any relative
Chairman and the Deputy Chairman;
or associate of that person is or has been an immigrant and
35
(f) there were inserted in section 18, after the word " person the
" relative in relation to a person, means a person who is related to 35
words " or by reason that a person is or has been an immigrant"
the first-mentioned person by blood, marriage, affinity or adoption
and includes a person who is wholly or mainly dependent on, or is
6. This Act binds Australia and each State, but nothing in this Act
Act binds
a member of the household of, the first-mentioned person;
Australia
renders Australia or a State liable to be prosecuted for an offence.
and the
States.
" residential accommodation includes accommodation in a dwelling-
7. Approval is given to ratification by Australia of the Convention.
Ratification
house, flat, hotel, motel or boarding-house or on a camping 40
of
ground;
Convention.
4
No.
Racial Discrimination
1975
1975
Racial Discrimination
No.
5
PART II-PROHIBITION OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION
(2) A reference in sub-section (1) to a right includes a reference to a
Exceptions.
8. (1) This Part does not apply to, or in relation to the application of,
right of a kind referred to in Article 5 of the Convention.
special measures to which paragraph 4 of Article 1 of the Convention
(3) Where a law contains a provision that-
applies except measures in relation to which sub-section 10 (1) applies
by virtue of sub-section 10 (3).
(a) authorizes property owned by an Aboriginal or a Torres Strait
5
5
Islander to be managed by another person without the consent
(2) This Part does not apply to-
of the Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander; or
(a) any provision of a deed, will or other instrument, whether made
(b) prevents or restricts an Aboriginal or a Torres Strait Islander from
before or after the commencement of this Part, that confers
terminating the management by another person of property owned
charitable benefits, or enables charitable benefits to be conferred,
by the Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander,
on persons of a particular race, colour or national or ethnic 10
10 not being a provision that applies to persons generally without regard to
origin; or
their race, colour or national or ethnic origin, that provision shall be
(b) any act done in order to comply with such a provision.
deemed to be a provision in relation to which sub-section (1) applies and a
(3) This Part does not apply to distinctions, exclusions, restrictions or
reference in that sub-section to a right includes a reference to a right of a
preferences between Australian citizens and persons who are not Aus-
person to manage property owned by him.
tralian citizens.
15
15
11. It is unlawful for a person-
Access to
(4) In this section, charitable benefits means benefits for purposes
(a) to refuse to allow another person access to or use of any place or
places and
facilities.
that are exclusively charitable according to the law in force in any State
vehicle that members of the public are entitled or allowed to enter
or Territory.
or use, or to refuse to allow another person access to or use of
any such place or vehicle except on less favourable terms or con-
Racial dis-
crimination
9. (1) It is unlawful for a person to do any act involving a distinction,
20
ditions than those upon or subject to which he would otherwise
to be
exclusion, restriction or preference based on race, colour, descent or 20
allow access to or use of that place or vehicle;
unlawful.
national or ethnic origin which has the purpose or effect of nullifying or
(b) to refuse to allow another person use of any facilities in any such
impairing the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on an equal footing, of
place or vehicle that are available to members of the public, or to
any human right or fundamental freedom in the political, economic,
refuse to allow another person use of any such facilities except on
social, cultural or any other field of public life.
25
less favourable terms or conditions than those upon or subject to
(2) The reference in sub-section (1) to a human right or fundamental 25
which he would otherwise allow use of those facilities; or
freedom in the political, economic, social, cultural or any other field of
(c) to require another person to leave or cease to use any such place
public life includes a reference to any right of a kind referred to in Article
or vehicle or any such facilities,
5 of the Convention.
by reason of the race, colour or national or ethnic origin of that other
30 person or of any relative or associate of that other person.
(3) Sub-section (1) does not apply in respect of the employment, or an
12. (1) It is unlawful for a person, whether as a principal or agent- Land,
application for the employment, of a person on a ship or aircraft (not 30
(a) to refuse or fail to dispose of any estate or interest in land, or
housing and
being an Australian ship or aircraft) if that person was engaged, or
other accom-
any residential or business accommodation, to a second person;
modation.
applied, for that employment outside Australia.
(b) to dispose of such an estate or interest or such accommodation
(4) The succeeding provisions of this Part do not limit the generality
35
to a second person on less favourable terms and conditions than
of sub-section (1).
those which are or would otherwise be offered;
(c) to treat a second person who is seeking to acquire or has acquired
Rights to
equality
10. (1) If, by reason of, or of a provision of, a law of Australia or of a 35
such an estate or interest or such accommodation less favourably
before the
State or Territory, persons of a particular race, colour or national or
than other persons in the same circumstances;
law.
ethnic origin do not enjoy a right that is enjoyed by persons of another
40
(d) to refuse a second person the right to occupy any land or any
race, colour or national or ethnic origin, or enjoy a right to a more limited
residential or business accommodation; or
extent than persons of another race, colour or national or ethnic origin,
(e) to terminate any estate or interest in land of a second person or
then, notwithstanding anything in that law, persons of the first-mentioned 40
the right of a second person to occupy any land or any residential
race, colour or national or ethnic origin shall, by force of this section,
or business accommodation,
enjoy that right to the same extent as persons of that other race, colour or
45 by reason of the race, colour or national or ethnic origin of that second
national or ethnic origin.
person or of any relative or associate of that second person.
6
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1975
1975
Racial Discrimination
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7
(2) It is unlawful for a person, whether as a principal or agent, to
16. It is unlawful for a person to publish or display, or cause or Advertise-
impose or seek to impose on another person any term or condition that
permit to be published or displayed, an advertisement or notice that
ments.
limits, by reference to race, colour or national or ethnic origin, the persons
indicates, or could reasonably be understood as indicating, an intention to
or class of persons who may be the licensees or invitees of the occupier
do an act that is unlawful by reason of a provision of this Part.
of any land or residential or business accommodation.
5
5
17. Any act that is done in contravention of a provision of this Part
Liability of
Provision of
13. It is unlawful for a person who supplies goods or services to the
principals
goods and
by a person as the agent or employee of another person shall be deemed, and
services.
public or to any section of the public-
for the purposes of this Act, to be done by that other person as well as
employers.
(a) to refuse or fail on demand to supply those goods or services to
by the first-mentioned person unless that other person did not, either
another person; or
before or after the doing of the act, authorize the first-mentioned person,
(b) to refuse or fail on demand to supply those goods or services to 10
10 either expressly or by implication, to do the act.
another person except on less favourable terms or conditions than
those upon or subject to which he would otherwise supply those
18. A reference in this Part to the doing of an act by reason of the Act done
goods or services,
for more
race, colour or national or ethnic origin of a person includes a reference
than one
by reason of the race, colour or national or ethnic origin of that other
to the doing of an act for two or more reasons that include the first- reason.
person or of any relative or associate of that other person.
15
mentioned reason, whether or not that reason is the dominant reason for
15 the doing of the act.
Right to
14. (1) Any provision of the rules or other document constituting, or
join
trade unions.
governing the activities of, a trade union that prevents or hinders a person
PART III-INQUIRIES AND CIVIL PROCEEDINGS
from joining that trade union by reason of the race, colour or national
19. For the purposes of this Act there shall be a Commissioner for Com-
or ethnic origin of that person is invalid.
missioner
Community Relations.
for
(2) It is unlawful for a person to prevent or hinder another person from 20
Community
joining a trade union by reason of the race, colour or national or ethnic
Relations
origin of that other person.
20. The functions of the Commissioner are-
Functions of
Com-
Employment.
15. (1) It is unlawful for an employer or a person acting or purporting
20
(a) to inquire into alleged infringements of Part II, and endeavour to
missioner.
to act on behalf of an employer-
effect a settlement of the matters alleged to constitute those
(a) to refuse or fail to employ a second person on work of any 25
infringements, in accordance with section 21;
description which is available and for which that second person
(b) where the Commissioner is unable so to effect a settlement of a
is qualified;
matter, to institute a proceeding in a court in accordance with
(b) to refuse or fail to offer or afford a second person the same terms
25
sub-section 25 (1) in relation to the matter;
of employment, conditions of work and opportunities for training
(c) to promote an understanding and acceptance of, and compliance
and promotion as are made available for other persons having the 30
with, this Act; and
same qualifications and employed in the same circumstances on
work of the same description; or
(d) to develop, conduct and foster research and educational pro-
grams and other programs for the purpose of-
(c) to dismiss a second person from his employment,
30
(i) combating racial discrimination and prejudices that lead to
by reason of the race, colour or national or ethnic origin of that second
racial discrimination;
person or of any relative or associate of that second person.
35
(ii) promoting understanding, tolerance and friendship among
(2) It is unlawful for a person concerned with procuring employment
racial and ethnic groups; and
for other persons or procuring employees for any employer to treat any
(iii) propagating the purposes and principles of the Convention.
person seeking employment less favourably than other persons in the
same circumstances by reason of the race, colour or national or ethnic
35
21. (1) Where-
Inquiries by
Com-
origin of the person so seeking employment or of any relative or associate 40
(a) a complaint is made to the Commissioner that a person has done
missioner.
of that person.
an act that is unlawful by reason of a provision of Part II; or
(3) This section does not apply in respect of the employment, or an
(b) it appears to the Commissioner that a person has done an act that
application for the employment, of a person on a ship or aircraft (not
is unlawful by reason of a provision of Part II,
being an Australian ship or aircraft) if that person was engaged, or
40 the Commissioner shall, subject to sub-section (2), inquire into the act
applied, for that employment outside Australia.
45
and endeavour to effect a settlement of the matter to which the act relates.
1975
Racial Discrimination
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9
8
No.
Racial Discrimination
1975
(2) The Commissioner may decide not to inquire into an act, or, if he
23. (1) Where a prescribed authority has reason to believe that a Taking of
has commenced to inquire into an act, decide not to continue to inquire
person is capable of giving evidence or producing documents relating to
evidence by
prescribed
a matter that is the subject of an inquiry under section 21, the prescribed
authority.
into the act, if-
authority may, if the Commissioner so requests, by notice in writing
(a) a period of more than 12 months has elapsed since the act was
5 served on that person, require that person to appear before the prescribed
done;
5
authority at a time and place specified in the notice and give any such
(b) the Commissioner is of the opinion that-
evidence, either orally or in writing, and produce any such documents.
(i) the matter to which the act related was trivial; or
(2) A person served with a notice under this section is entitled to be
(ii) the person alleged to be aggrieved by the act does not
paid out of the moneys of the Commissioner a reasonable sum for the
desire that the inquiry be made or continued, as the case
10 expenses of his attendance before the prescribed authority.
may be; or
10
(3) The prescribed authority may-
(c) in a case where the inquiry results from a complaint to the
(a) require a person appearing before the prescribed authority to give
Commissioner, the Commissioner is of the opinion that-
evidence either to take an oath or make an affirmation; and
(i) the complaint was frivolous or vexatious or was not made
(b) administer an oath or affirmation to a person so appearing before
in good faith;
15
the prescribed authority.
(ii) the complainant does not have a sufficient interest in the 15
(4) The oath or affirmation to be taken or made by a person for the
subject-matter of the complaint; or
purposes of this section is an oath or affirmation that the answers he will
(iii) there is some other remedy that is reasonably available to
give to questions asked him will be true.
the complainant.
(5) Where a person appears before a prescribed authority in accordance
(3) Where the Commissioner decides not to inquire into, or not to
20 with a notice served under this section, either the prescribed authority or
continue to inquire into, an act in respect of which a complaint was made 20
the Commissioner may put to the person such questions relating to the
to him, he shall inform the complainant of his decision and of the reasons
matter that is the subject of the inquiry under section 21 as the prescribed
for that decision.
authority thinks proper.
(6) A person served with a notice under this section to appear before
Compulsory
22. (1) For the purpose of inquiring into an act, or endeavouring to
25 a prescribed authority shall not, without reasonable excuse-
conferences.
settle the matter to which an act relates, in accordance with sub-section
(a) fail to appear as required by the notice; or
21 (1), the Commissioner may direct a person referred to in sub-section (2) 25
of this section to attend, at a time and place specified in the direction, at
(b) fail to appear and report himself from day to day unless excused,
a conference presided over by the Commissioner or by an officer or
or released from further attendance, by the prescribed authority.
employee of the Commissioner.
Penalty: $1,000.
(2) Directions under sub-section (1) may be given to-
30
(7) A person appearing before a prescribed authority shall not-
(a) a person who made a complaint to the Commissioner in relation 30
(a) when required in pursuance of sub-section (3) either to take an
to the act;
oath or make an affirmation-refuse or fail without reasonable
excuse to comply with the requirement;
(b) the person who is alleged to have done the act; and
(c) any other person whose presence at the conference the Com-
(b) refuse or fail without reasonable excuse to answer a question that
missioner thinks is likely to be conducive to the settlement of
35
he is required to answer by the prescribed authority;
the matter to which the act relates.
35
(c) refuse or fail without reasonable excuse to produce a document
that he was required to produce by a notice under this section
(3) A person who has been given a direction under sub-section (1) to
served on him; or
attend a conference shall not, without reasonable excuse-
(d) knowingly give evidence that is false or misleading in a material
(a) fail to attend as required by the direction; or
40
particular.
(b) fail to attend and report himself from day to day unless excused,
Penalty: $1,000.
or released from further attendance, by the person presiding over 40
the conference.
(8) A person is not excused from answering a question or producing
a document in pursuance of this section on the ground that the answer
Penalty: $250.
10
No.
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1975
1975
Racial Discrimination
No.
11
to the question or the document may tend to incriminate him, but any
(4) A person aggrieved by an act that he considers to have been
such answer or document is not admissible in evidence against him in any
unlawful by reason of a provision of Part II may, subject to sub-section (7),
proceeding other than a proceeding for an offence against sub-section (7).
institute a proceeding in relation to the act by way of civil action in a
court of competent jurisdiction for any one or more of the remedies
(9) A prescribed authority has, in the exercise of his powers under
5 specified in section 26.
this Act, the same protection and immunity as a Justice of the High 5
Court.
(5) If the Commissioner is of the opinion that the continuance of a
proceeding instituted under sub-section (4) will affect adversely the per-
(10) A person who has been served with a notice under this section
formance of the functions of the Commissioner under sub-section 21 (1),
to appear before a prescribed authority has the same protection, and is,
he may apply to the court for a stay of that proceeding.
in addition to the penalties provided by this section, subject to the same
liabilities, as a witness in proceedings in the High Court.
10
10
(6) Where an application is made under sub-section (5), if the court is
satisfied that the continuance of the proceeding will adversely affect the
(11) In this section, " prescribed authority" means a person who
performance of the functions of the Commissioner under sub-section 21
holds office as a Judge of the Superior Court of Australia or of the
(1), it shall stay the proceeding but, if not so satisfied, it shall refuse the
Australian Industrial Court.
application.
Conciliation
24. (1) The regulations may make provision for and in relation to the
15
(7) A proceeding may not be instituted under this section in respect
committees.
establishment of conciliation committees for the purposes of this Act.
15
of the doing of an act (other than an act that is unlawful by virtue of
section 16) in relation to-
(2) The function of the Commissioner of endeavouring to effect a
settlement of a matter in accordance with sub-section 21 (1) may, with the
(a) accommodation in a dwelling-house or flat, being accommodation
shared or to be shared, in whole or in part, with the person who
consent of the Commissioner, be performed by a conciliation committee
and, when performed by such a committee, shall be deemed, for the
20
did the act or a person on whose behalf the act was done or with
a relative of either of those persons; or
purposes of the Act, to have been performed by the Commissioner.
20
(b) employment, or an application for employment, in a dwelling-
Civil
25. (1) Where, after inquiry into an act done by a person, the Com-
house or flat occupied by the person who did the act or a person
proceedings.
missioner is unable to effect a settlement in accordance with sub-section
on whose behalf the act was done or by a relative of either of
21 (1), the Commissioner may, subject to sub-section (7), institute a
25
those persons.
proceeding in relation to the act by way of civil action in a court of
competent jurisdiction for any one or more of the remedies specified in 25
26. (1) Where, in a proceeding instituted under section 25, it is Powers
of
section 26.
established to the reasonable satisfaction of the court that a person (in
court in civil
proceedings.
(2) The parties to a proceeding instituted under sub-section (1) are-
this section referred to as the defendant has done an act (in this
(a) the Commissioner;
section referred to as the relevant act ") that is unlawful by reason of a
(b) any person who is joined by the court as a party to the proceeding
30 provision of Part II, the court may grant all or any of the following
in accordance with sub-section (3); and
30
remedies:--
(c) the person who did the act to which the proceeding relates.
(a) an injunction restraining the defendant from repeating the relevant
act, from doing an act of a similar kind or from causing or
(3) Where an application to be joined as a party to a proceeding
permitting others to do acts of the same or a similar kind;
instituted under sub-section (1) is made to the court by a person who-
35
(b) an order directing the defendant to do a specified act, being an act
(a) before the proceeding was instituted, made a complaint to the
directed to-
Commissioner in relation to the act to which the proceeding 35
(i) placing a person aggrieved by the doing of the relevant act
relates;
as nearly as practicable in the position in which he would be
(b) claims to be aggrieved by the act to which the proceeding relates;
if the relevant act had not been done; or
(c) claims to have an interest in the proceeding; or
40
(ii) otherwise avoiding a detriment to such a person resulting
(d) is a member of an organization or association of persons that is
from the doing of the relevant act;
claimed by him to have an interest in the proceeding,
40
(c) if the doing of the relevant act resulted in the making of a contract
the court may, in its discretion, join the person as a party to the proceeding.
or the relevant act was done in pursuance of a contract-an order
12
No.
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1975
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Racial Discrimination
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13
cancelling the contract, varying any of the terms of the contract or
29. A person shall not-
Inciting
requiring the repayment, in whole or in part, of an amount paid in
acts of
(a) incite the doing of an act that is unlawful by reason of a provision
racial dis-
pursuance of the contract;
crimination.
of Part II; or
(d) damages against the defendant in respect of-
(b) assist or promote, whether by financial assistance or otherwise,
(i) loss suffered by a person aggrieved by the relevant act,
5
5
the doing of such an act.
including loss of any benefit that that person might
Penalty: $5,000.
reasonably have been expected to obtain if the relevant act
had not been done; and
30. (1) A person shall not insult, hinder, obstruct, molest or interfere
Offences
(ii) loss of dignity by, humiliation to, or injury to the feelings
relating to
with the Commissioner, an officer or employee of the Commissioner, a
adminis-
of, a person aggrieved by the relevant act; and
10
person presiding over a conference referred to in section 22, a prescribed
tration of
(e) such other relief as the court thinks just.
Act.
10 authority referred to in section 23 or any of the members of a conciliation
(2) Where any damages are awarded against the defendant in accord-
committee in the performance of any functions or the exercise of any
ance with paragraph (1) (d) in respect of loss suffered by, loss of dignity by,
powers under this Act.
humiliation to, or injury to the feelings of, a person aggrieved by the
(2) A person shall not-
relevant act-
15
(a) refuse to employ another person;
(a) in the case where that person instituted the proceeding or, if the
15
(b) dismiss, or threaten to dismiss, another person from his employ-
proceeding was instituted by the Commissioner, that person is a
ment;
party to the proceeding-the damages are payable by the defend-
ant to that person; or
(c) prejudice, or threaten to prejudice, another person in his employ-
ment; or
(b) in any other case-the damages are payable by the defendant to 20
the Commissioner, who shall forthwith pay them to that person.
(d) intimidate or coerce, or impose any pecuniary or other penalty
20
upon, another person,
PART IV-OFFENCES
by reason that the other person-
Unlawful
27. Except as expressly provided by this Part, nothing in this Act makes
(e) has made, or proposes to make, a complaint to the Commissioner;
acts not
offences
it an offence to do an act that is unlawful by reason of a provision of
unless
Part II.
25
(f) has furnished, or proposes to furnish, any information or docu-
expressly so
ments to the Commissioner;
provided.
25
(g) has attended, or proposes to attend, a conference referred to in
Dissemina-
28. A person shall not, with intent to promote hostility or ill-will
section 22; or
tion of ideas
based OD
against, or to bring into contempt or ridicule, persons included in a
(h) has appeared, or proposes to appear, before a prescribed authority
racial
group of persons in Australia by reason of the race, colour or national or
superiority
referred to in section 23 to give evidence or produce documents.
or hatred.
ethnic origin of the persons included in that group-
(a) publish or distribute written matter;
30
Penalty: $500.
(b) broadcast words by means of radio or television; or
(c) utter words in any public place, or within the hearing of persons in
any public place, or at any meeting to which the public are invited
30
PART V-COMMUNITY RELATIONS COUNCIL
or have access,
31. (1) For the purposes of this Act there is established a Community
Establish-
ment and
being written matter that promotes, or words that promote, ideas based 35
Relations Council.
functions of
Council.
on-
(2) It is the function of the Council to advise, and make recom-
(d) the alleged superiority of persons of a particular race, colour or
mendations to, the Attorney-General and the Commissioner, either of
national or ethnic origin over persons of a different race, colour or
35 its own motion or upon request made to it by the Attorney-General or
national or ethnic origin; or
the Commissioner, as the case may be, concerning-
(e) hatred of persons of a particular race, colour or national or ethnic 40
(a) the observance and implementation of the Convention;
origin.
(b) the promotion of educational programs with respect to the
Penalty: $5,000.
observance of the Convention;
14
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1975
1975
Racial Discrimination
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15
(c) the promotion of studies and research programs with respect
35. The Attorney-General may grant leave of absence to the Com- Leave absence.
of
to the observance and implementation of the Convention;
missioner upon such terms and conditions as to remuneration or otherwise
(d) the publication and dissemination of material to assist in the
as the Attorney-General determines.
observance and implementation of the Convention;
(e) the promotion of understanding, tolerance and friendship among
5
36. The Commissioner may resign his office by writing signed by him Resignation.
racial and ethnic groups; and
5 and delivered to the Governor-General.
(f) any other matter related to the observance or implementation of
the Convention.
37. (1) The Governor-General may terminate the appointment of the Termination of
Commissioner by reason of misbehaviour or of physical or mental
appointment.
incapacity.
PART VI-ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS
(2) The Governor-General shall terminate the appointment of the
Division 1-Commissioner for Community Relations
10
10 Commissioner if the Commissioner-
Appointment
32. (1) The Commissioner shall be appointed by the Governor-
(a) is absent from duty, except on leave of absence granted by the
of Com-
missioner.
General.
Attorney-General, for 14 consecutive days or for 28 days in any
period of 12 months; or
(2) The Commissioner-
(a) is a corporation sole by the name of the Commissioner for
(b) becomes bankrupt, applies to take the benefit or any law for the
15
15
relief of bankrupt or insolvent debtors, compounds with his
Community Relations;
creditors or makes an assignment of his remuneration for their
(b) has perpetual succession;
benefit.
(c) shall have an official seal; and
(3) The termination of the appointment of the Commissioner by
(d) is capable, in his corporate name, of acquiring, holding and
reason of physical or mental incapacity shall be deemed, for the purposes
disposing of real and personal property and of suing and being
20 of the Superannuation Act 1922-1974, to be retirement on the ground of
sued.
20
invalidity.
(3) All courts, judges and persons acting judicially shall take judicial
notice of the seal of the Commissioner affixed to a document and shall
38. The Commissioner shall not, except with the approval of the Outside
Attorney-General, engage in paid employment outside the duties of his
employment.
presume that it was duly affixed.
office.
Tenure of
33. (1) Subject to this Part, the Commissioner holds office for such
appointment.
period not exceeding 7 years as is specified in the instrument of his appoint- 25
25
39. (1) The Attorney-General may appoint a person to act in the Acting Com-
ment and on such terms and conditions as the Governor-General deter-
office of Commissioner during any period, or during all periods, when the missioner.
mines, but is eligible for re-appointment.
Commissioner is absent from duty or from Australia or during a vacancy
in that office, but a person so appointed to act during a vacancy shall not
(2) A person who has attained the age of 65 years shall not be appointed
continue so to act for more than 12 months.
or re-appointed as the Commissioner, and a person shall not be appointed
or re-appointed as the Commissioner for a period that extends beyond 30
30
(2) Subject to this section, the Attorney-General may-
the date on which he will attain the age of 65 years.
(a) determine the terms and conditions of appointment of a person
appointed to act in the office of Commissioner; and
Remunera-
34. (1) The Commissioner shall be paid out of the moneys of the
(b) at any time terminate such an appointment.
tion of Com-
Commissioner such remuneration as is determined by the Remuneration
missioner.
Tribunal, but, if no determination of that remuneration by the Tribunal
(3) Where a person is acting in the office of Commissioner in pursuance
is in operation, he shall be paid such remuneration as is prescribed.
35
35 of an appointment under this section otherwise than during a vacancy in
that office and that office becomes vacant while that person is so acting,
(2) The Commissioner shall be paid such allowances as are prescribed.
that person may continue to act in that office until the Attorney-General
(3) This section has effect subject to the Remuneration Tribunals Act
otherwise directs, the vacancy is filled or a period of 12 months from the
1973-1974.
date on which the vacancy occurred expires, whichever first happens.
Racial Discrimination
1975
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Racial Discrimination
No.
17
16
No.
(4) Sections 35, 36 and 38 apply in relation to a person appointed to
44. (1) The Commissioner may open and maintain an account or Bank
act in the office of Commissioner in like manner as they apply in relation
accounts with an approved bank or approved banks and shall maintain accounts.
to the Commissioner.
at all times at least one such account.
(5) While a person is acting in the office of Commissioner in pursuance
(2) The Commissioner shall pay all the moneys of the Commissioner
of an appointment under this section, he has, and may exercise, all the
5
5 into an account referred to in this section.
powers and shall perform all the functions of the Commissioner under
(3) In this section, " approved bank means the Reserve Bank of
this Act or under any other law and, for the purposes of the exercise of
Australia or another bank approved by the Treasurer.
those powers and the performance of those functions, this Act or that
other law has effect as if a reference to the Commissioner included a
reference to a person acting in the office of Commissioner.
10
45. The moneys of the Commissioner shall be applied-
Application
of moneys.
(a) in payment or discharge of the costs, expenses and other obliga-
(6) The validity of anything done by a person appointed to act in the
10
tions of the Commissioner under this Act; and
office of Commissioner shall not be called in question on the ground that
the occasion for his appointment had not arisen or that the appointment
(b) in payment of remuneration and allowances payable to the
had ceased to have effect.
Commissioner, to officers and employees appointed or engaged
by the Commissioner and to members of conciliation committees,
Super-
40. (1) The Commissioner is an approved authority for the purposes 15
and not otherwise.
annuation.
of the Superannuation Act 1922-1974.
(2) For the purposes of sub-sections 4 (3A) and (4) of the Super-
15
46. (1) The Commissioner shall prepare estimates, in such form as
Estimates
of
annuation Act 1922-1974, the Commissioner shall be deemed to be
the Attorney-General directs, of expenditure of the Commissioner for
expenditure.
required, by the terms of his appointment, to give the whole of his time
each financial year and, if the Attorney-General so directs, for any other
to the duties of his office.
20
period specified by the Attorney-General, and shall submit estimates so
prepared to the Attorney-General not later than such date as the Attorney-
Staff of
41. (1) The Commissioner may, with the approval of the Attorney-
Com-
20 General directs.
missioner.
General, appoint such officers and engage such employees as he thinks
necessary for the purposes of this Act.
(2) Moneys of the Commissioner shall not be expended otherwise
(2) The terms and conditions of employment of persons appointed or
than in accordance with estimates of expenditure approved by the
engaged under sub-section (1) shall be such as are, with the approval of 25
Attorney-General.
the Attorney-General, determined by the Commissioner.
47. The Commissioner shall cause to be kept proper accounts and Proper
Officers'
42. If a person appointed as Commissioner or as an officer of the
25 records of the transactions and affairs of the Commissioner and shall do
accounts to
Rights
Declaration
Commissioner was, immediately before his appointment, an officer of the
be kept.
all things necessary to ensure that all payments out of the moneys of the
Act.
Australian Public Service or a person to whom the Officers' Rights
Commissioner are correctly made and properly authorized and that
Declaration Act 1928-1973 applied-
30
adequate control is maintained over the assets of, or in the custody of,
(a) he retains his existing and accruing rights;
the Commissioner and over the incurring of liabilities by the Com-
(b) for the purpose of determining those rights, his service as Com-
30 missioner.
missioner or as an officer shall be taken into account as if it were
service in the Australian Public Service; and
48. (1) The Auditor-General shall inspect and audit the accounts and Audit.
(c) the Officers' Rights Declaration Act 1928-1973 applies as if this 35
records of financial transactions of the Commissioner and records relating
Act and this section had been specified in the Schedule to that
to assets of, or in the custody of, the Commissioner, and shall forthwith
Act.
draw the attention of the Attorney-General to any irregularity disclosed
35 by the inspection and audit that, in the opinion of the Auditor-General,
Moneys
43. (1) There are payable to the Commissioner such moneys as are
payable to
is of sufficient importance to justify his so doing.
Com-
appropriated by the Parliament for payment to the Commissioner.
missioner.
(2) The Treasurer may give directions as to the amounts in which, 40
(2) The Auditor-General may, at his discretion, dispense with all or
and the times at which, moneys referred to in sub-section (1) are to be
any part of the detailed inspection and audit of any accounts or records
paid to the Commissioner.
referred to in sub-section (1).
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(3) The Auditor-General shall, at least once in each year, report to
51. (1) Members shall be paid such remuneration as is determined by
Remunera-
tion of
the Attorney-General the results of the inspection and audit carried out
the Remuneration Tribunal, but, if no determination of that remuneration
members.
under sub-section (1).
by the Tribunal is in operation, they shall be paid such remuneration as is
(4) The Auditor-General or an officer authorized by him is entitled at
prescribed.
all reasonable times to full and free access to all accounts, records, 5
5
(2) Members shall be paid such allowances as are prescribed.
documents and papers of the Commissioner relating directly or indirectly
to the receipt or payment of moneys by the Commissioner or to the
(3) This section has effect subject to the Remuneration Tribunals Act
acquisition, receipt, custody or disposal of assets by the Commissioner.
1973-1974.
(5) The Auditor-General or an officer authorized by him may make
52. (1) The Chairman, or, if the Chairman is unavailable, the Deputy Meetings
copies of, or take extracts from, any such accounts, records, documents 10
of Council,
Chairman, may convene meetings of the Council.
or papers.
10
(2) At a meeting of the Council, 6 members constitute a quorum.
(6) The Auditor-General or an officer authorized by him may require
any person to furnish him with such information in the possession of the
(3) The Chairman shall preside at all meetings of the Council at
person or to which the person has access as the Auditor-General or
which he is present.
authorized officer considers necessary for the purposes of the functions 15
(4) If the Chairman is not present at a meeting of the Council but
of the Auditor-General under this Act, and the person shall comply with
the Deputy Chairman is present, the Deputy Chairman shall preside at
the requirement.
15 the meeting.
(7) A person who contravenes sub-section (6) is guilty of an offence
(5) If the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman are not present at a
punishable, upon conviction, by a fine not exceeding $200.
meeting of the Council, the members present shall appoint one of their
number to preside at the meeting.
Delegation.
49. (1) The Commissioner may, either generally or otherwise as 20
(6) Questions arising at a meeting of the Council shall be decided by
provided by the instrument of delegation, by writing signed by him,
20 a majority of the votes of the members present and voting.
delegate to an officer or employee of the Commissioner all or any of his
powers under this Act, except this power of delegation.
(7) The member presiding at a meeting of the Council has a deliberative
vote and, in the event of an equality of votes, also has a casting vote.
(2) A power so delegated may be exercised by the delegate in
accordance with the instrument of delegation and this Act has effect in 25
(8) The Council shall cause records to be kept of its meetings.
relation to the exercise of the power by the delegate as if a reference in this
Act to the Commissioner were a reference to the delegate.
(3) A delegation under this section is revocable at will and does not
prevent the exercise of a power by the Commissioner.
PART VII-MISCELLANEOUS
25
53. (1) Jurisdiction is conferred on the Superior Court of Australia Jurisdiction.
to hear and determine civil and criminal proceedings instituted in that
Court under this Act or removed into that Court under sub-section (4).
Division 2-Community Relations Council
30
(2) The several courts of the States are invested with federal juris-
Constitution
50. (1) The Council shall consist of such members (not being less
diction, and jurisdiction is conferred on the several courts of the Terri-
of Council.
than 10 or more than 20 in number) as the Attorney-General appoints.
30 tories, within the limits of their several jurisdictions, whether those
(2) One of the members shall be designated in the instrument of his
limits are as to locality, subject-matter or otherwise, to hear and determine
appointment as the Chairman of the Council and another of the members
civil and criminal proceedings instituted in those courts under this Act.
shall be designated in the instrument of his appointment as the Deputy 35
(3) No proceedings under this Act shall be instituted in a court of a
Chairman of the Council.
State or Territory before a day to be fixed by Proclamation as the day on
(3) The performance of the functions or the exercise of the powers of
35 which-
the Council is not affected by the number of members falling below 10
(a) that court shall commence to exercise its jurisdiction under sub-
for a period not exceeding 3 months.
section (2); or
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(b) a class of courts of that State or Territory in which that court is
included shall commence to exercise their jurisdiction under that
54. (1) Jurisdiction expressed to be conferred on the Superior Court jurisdiction Exercise of
of Australia by this Act shall not be deemed to be so conferred before a
sub-section,
by Australian
court of that name is authorized under another Act to exercise jurisdiction.
Industrial
but nothing in this sub-section prevents a court from exercising jurisdiction
Court.
in a matter arising under this Act in a proceeding instituted in that court
5
(2) If, at the date fixed by Proclamation under sub-section 2 (2),
otherwise than under this Act.
5 jurisdiction under this Act cannot be exercised by the Superior Court of
Australia, then-
(4) Any civil or criminal proceedings instituted in a court (other than
the Supreme Court) of a State, or in a court of a Territory, involving a
(a) until jurisdiction can be so exercised, any civil or criminal pro-
matter arising under this Act may, at any stage of the proceedings before
ceeding under this Act may be instituted in or removed into, and
final judgment, be removed into the Superior Court of Australia under an 10
any question of law concerning a matter arising under this Act
order of the Superior Court of Australia, which may, upon the application
10
may be referred to, the Australian Industrial Court as if references
of any party or the Attorney-General for sufficient cause shown, be made
in this Act to the Superior Court of Australia were references to the
on such terms as the Superior Court of Australia thinks fit.
Australian Industrial Court;
(b) jurisdiction is conferred on the Australian Industrial Court to
(5) When any such order for removal is made, such documents, if any,
hear and determine a proceeding so instituted in or removed into,
relating to the proceedings as are filed on record in the court of the State 15
15
or a question so referred to, that Court and that jurisdiction may
or Territory shall be transmitted to the registry of the Superior Court in
be exercised by a single Judge; and
the State or Territory concerned or, if there is more than one registry in
that State or Territory, to such registry as is directed by the order.
(c) this Act has effect in relation to a proceeding instituted in or
removed into, or the determination of a question referred to, the
(6) Where any proceedings are removed into the Superior Court of
Australian Industrial Court in accordance with this section as if
Australia under the provisions of sub-section (4), the Superior Court of 20
20
references in this Act to the Superior Court of Australia were,
Australia shall proceed as if the proceedings had been originally com-
except where the context otherwise requires, references to the
menced in that Court.
Australian Industrial Court.
(7) If in any proceedings removed into the Superior Court of Australia
under this section it appears to the satisfaction of the Superior Court of
55. (1) A person who-
Legal and
financial
Australia at any time after the removal that the proceedings do not 25
(a) has instituted, or proposes to institute, a proceeding in a court
assistance.
really and substantially involve a matter arising under this Act, the Superior
25
under sub-section 25 (4) or is, in a proceeding instituted in a court
Court of Australia shall not proceed any further in the proceedings but
by the Commissioner under sub-section 25 (1), joined by the
shall remit the proceedings to the court from which they were removed
court as a party to the proceeding in accordance with sub-section
and make such order as to costs as is just, and, where an order is so made
25 (3); or
remitting proceedings, any documents relating to the proceedings shall 30
be returned to the court from which they were received.
(b) has done, or is alleged to have done, an act in respect of which a
30
proceeding has been instituted in a court under sub-section 25 (1)
(8) If a question of law concerning a matter arising under this Act
or (4),
arises in proceedings instituted in a court (other than the Supreme Court)
of a State or in a court of a Territory-
may apply to the Attorney-General for a grant of assistance under this
section in respect of the proceeding.
(a) the court shall, if so directed at any stage of the proceedings 35
before final judgment by an order of the Superior Court of
(2) Where an application is made by a person under sub-section (1),
Australia (which may, upon the application of any party or of the
35 the Attorney-General, or an officer of the Australian Public Service
Attorney-General for sufficient cause shown, be made on such
authorized in writing by the Attorney-General, may, if he is satisfied that
terms as the Superior Court of Australia thinks fit) refer the
it would involve hardship to that person to refuse the application and
question to the Superior Court of Australia for the consideration 40
that, in all the circumstances, it is reasonable that the application should
of the Superior Court of Australia; and
be granted, authorize the grant by Australia to the person, either uncon-
40 ditionally or subject to such conditions as the Attorney-General or officer
(b) where a question is so referred, the Superior Court of Australia
determines, such legal or financial assistance in relation to the proceeding
has jurisdiction to hear and determine the question.
as the Attorney-General or officer determines.
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Annual
56. (1) The Commissioner shall, as soon as practicable after 30 June
SCHEDULE
Section 3 (1)
report.
in each year, prepare and furnish to the Attorney-General a report of the
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF
operations of the Commissioner during that year, together with financial
RACIAL DISCRIMINATION
statements in respect of that year in such form as the Treasurer approves.
The States Parties to this Convention,
(2) Before furnishing financial statements to the Attorney-General,
5
Considering that the Charter of the United Nations is based on the principles of the dignity
the Commissioner shall submit them to the Auditor-General, who shall
and equality inherent in all human beings, and that all Member States have pledged themselves
to take joint and separate action, in co-operation with the Organization, for the achievement
report to the Attorney-General-
of one of the purposes of the United Nations which is to promote and encourage universal
(a) whether the statements are based on proper accounts and records;
respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, without
distinction as to race, sex, language or religion,
(b) whether the statements are in agreement with the accounts and
Considering that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights proclaims that all human
records;
10
beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights and that everyone is entitled to all the
(c) whether the receipt and expenditure of moneys, and the acqui-
rights and freedoms set out therein, without distinction of any kind, in particular as torace,
colour or national origin,
sition and disposal of assets, by the Commissioner during the
Considering that all human beings are equal before the law and are entitled to equal
year have been in accordance with this Act; and
protection of the law against any discrimination and against any incitement to discrimination,
(d) as to such other matters arising out of the statements as the
Considering that the United Nations has condemned colonialism and all practices of
Auditor-General considers should be reported to the Attorney- 15
segregation and discrimination associated therewith, in whatever form and wherever they
exist, and that the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and
General.
Peoples of 14 December 1960 (General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV)) has affirmed and
(3) The Attorney-General shall cause the report and financial state-
solemnly proclaimed the necessity of bringing them to a speedy and unconditional end,
ments of the Commissioner, together with the report of the Auditor-
Considering that the United Nations Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of
Racial Discrimination of 20 November 1963 (General Assembly resolution 1904 (XVIII) )
General, to be laid before each House of the Parliament within 15 sitting
solemnly affirms the necessity of speedily eliminating racial discrimination throughout the
days of that House after their receipt by the Attorney-General.
20
world in all its forms and manifestations and of securing understanding of and respect for
the dignity of the human person,
57. The Governor-General may make regulations, not inconsistent
Convinced that any doctrine of superiority based on racial differentiation is scientifically
Regulations.
false, morally condemnable, socially unjust and dangerous, and that there is no justification
with this Act, prescribing all matters required or permitted by this Act to be
for racial discrimination, in theory or in practice, anywhere,
prescribed, or necessary or convenient to be prescribed for carrying out or
Reaffirming that discrimination between human beings on the grounds of race, colour or
giving effect to this Act and, in particular, prescribing the manner in
ethnic origin is an obstacle to friendly and peaceful relations among nations and is capable
which a member may resign his office and prescribing fees and allowances 25
of disturbing peace and security among peoples and the harmony of persons living side by side
even within one and the same State,
payable to members of conciliation committees.
Convinced that the existence of racial barriers is repugnant to the ideals of any human
society,
Alarmed by manifestations of racial discrimination still in evidence in some areas of the
world and by governmental policies based on racial superiority or hatred, such as policies
of apartheid, segregation or separation,
Resolved to adopt all necessary measures for speedily eliminating racial discrimination in
all its forms and manifestations, and to prevent and combat racist doctrines and practices in
order to promote understanding between races and to build an international community free
from all forms of racial segregation and racial discrimination,
Bearing in mind the Convention concerning Discrimination in respect of Employment and
Occupation adopted by the International Labour Organisation.in 1958, and the Convention
against Discrimination in Education adopted by the United Nations Educational, Scientific
and Cultural Organization in 1960,
Desiring to implement the principles embodied in the United Nations Declaration on the
Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination and to secure the earliest adoption of
practical measures to that end,
Have agreed as follows:
PART I
Article 1
1. In this Convention, the term racial discrimination shall mean any distinction, exclusion,
restriction or preference based on race, colour, descent, or national or ethnic origin which has
the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on
an equal footing, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social,
cultural or any other field of public life.
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SCHEDULE-continued
SCHEDULE-continued
2. This Convention shall not apply to distinctions, exclusions, restrictions or preferences
(b) Shall declare illegal and prohibit organizations, and also organized and all other
made by a State Party to this Convention between citizens and non-citizens.
propaganda activities, which promote and incite racial discrimination, and shall
3. Nothing in this Convention may be interpreted as affecting in any way the legal provisions
recognize participation in such organizations or activities as an offence punishable
of States Parties concerning nationality, citizenship or naturalization, provided that such
by law;
provisions do not discriminate against any particular nationality.
(c) Shall not permit public authorities or public institutions, national or local, to promote
4. Special measures taken for the sole purpose of securing adequate advancement of certain
or incite racial discrimination.
racial or ethnic groups or individuals requiring such protection as may be necessary in order
to ensure such groups or individuals equal enjoyment or exercise of human rights and
fundamental freedoms shall not be deemed racial discrimination, provided, however, that
Article 5
such measures do not, as a consequence, lead to the maintenance of separate rights for different
In compliance with the fundamental obligations laid down in article 2 of this Convention,
racial groups and that they shall not be continued after the objectives for which they were
States Parties undertake to prohibit and to eliminate racial discrimination in all its forms and
taken have been achieved.
to guarantee the right of everyone, without distinction as to race, colour, or national or ethnic
origin, to equality before the law, notably in the enjoyment of the following rights:
Article 2
(a) The right to equal treatment before the tribunals and all other organs administering
1. States Parties condemn racial discrimination and undertake to pursue by all appropriate
justice;
means and without delay a policy of eliminating racial discrimination in all its forms and
(b) The right to security of person and protection by the State against violence or bodily
promoting understanding among all races, and, to this end:
harm, whether inflicted by government officials or by any individual, group or
(a) Each State Party undertakes to engage in no act or practice of racial discrimination
institution;
against persons, groups of persons or institutions and to ensure that all public
authorities and public institutions, national and local, shall act in conformity with
(c) Political rights, in particular the rights to participate in elections-to vote and to
this obligation;
stand for election-on the basis of universal and equal suffrage, to take part in the
Government as well as in the conduct of public affairs at any level and to have equal
(b) Each State Party undertakes not to sponsor, defend or support racial discrimination
access to public service;
by any persons or organizations;
(d) Other civil rights, in particular:
(c) Each State Party shall take effective measures to review governmental, national and
local policies, and to amend, rescind or nullify any laws and regulations which have
(i) The right to freedom of movement and residence within the border of the State;
the effect of creating or perpetuating racial discrimination wherever it exists;
(ii) The right to leave any country, including one's own, and to return to one's
(d) Each State Party shall prohibit and bring to an end, by all appropriate means, including
country;
legislation as required by circumstances, racial discrimination by any persons, group
(iii) The right to nationality;
or organization;
(iv) The right to marriage and choice of spouse;
(e) Each State Party undertakes to encourage, where appropriate, integrationist multi-racial
(v) The right to own property alone as well as in association with others;
organizations and movements and other means of eliminating barriers between races,
and to discourage anything which tends to strengthen racial division.
(vi) The right to inherit;
(vii) The right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion;
2. States Parties shall, when the circumstances so warrant, take, in the social, economic,
cultural and other fields, special and concrete measures to ensure the adequate development
(viii) The right to freedom of opinion and expression;
and protection of certain racial groups or individuals belonging to them, for the purpose of
(ix) The right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association:
guaranteeing them the full and equal enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms.
These measures shall in no case entail as a consequence the maintenance of unequal or separate
(e) Economic, social and cultural rights, in particular:
rights for different racial groups after the objectives for which they were taken have been
(i) The rights to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable
achieved.
conditions of work, to protection against unemployment, to equal pay for equal
work, to just and favourable remuneration;
Article 3
States Parties particularly condemn racial segregation and apartheid and undertake to
(ii) The right to form and join trade unions;
prevent, prohibit and eradicate all practices of this nature in territories under their jurisdiction.
(iii) The right to housing;
(iv) The right to public health, medical care, social security and social services;
Article 4
(v) The right to education and training;
States Parties condemn all propaganda and all organizations which are based on ideas or
(vi) The right to equal participation in cultural activities;
theories of superiority of one race or group of persons of one colour or ethnic origin, or which
attempt to justify or promote racial hatred and discrimination in any form, and undertake
(f) The right of access to any place or service intended for use by the general public
to adopt immediate and positive measures designed to eradicate all incitement to, or acts of,
such as transport, hotels, restaurants, cafés, theatres and parks.
such discrimination and, to this end, with due regard to the principles embodied in the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights and the rights expressly set forth in article 5 of this Convention,
inter alia:
Article 6
(a) Shall declare an offence punishable by law all dissemination of ideas based on racial
States Parties shall assure to everyone within their jurisdiction effective protection and
superiority or hatred, incitement to racial discrimination, as well as all acts of violence
remedies, through the competent national tribunals and other State institutions, against any
or incitement to such acts against any race or group of persons of another colour or
acts of racial discrimination which violate his human rights and fundamental freedoms contrary
ethnic origin, and also the provision of any assistance to racist activities, including
to this Convention, as well as the right to seek from such tribunals just and adequate reparation
the financing thereof;
or satisfaction for any damage suffered as a result of such discrimination.
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SCHEDULE-continued
SCHEDULE-continued
Article 7
Article 11
States Parties undertake to adopt immediate and effective measures, particularly in the fields
of teaching, education, culture and information, with a view to combating prejudices which
1. If a State Party considers that another State Party is not giving effect to the provisions of
lead to racial discrimination and to promoting understanding, tolerance and friendship among
this Convention, it may bring the matter to the attention of the Committee. The Committee
nations and racial or ethnical groups, as well as to propagating the purposes and principles of
shall then transmit the communication to the State Party concerned. Within three months,
the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the United
the receiving State shall submit to the Committee written explanations or statements clarifying
Nations Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, and this
the matter and the remedy, if any, that may have been taken by that State.
Convention.
2. If the matter is not adjusted to the satisfaction of both parties, either by bilateral negotiations
PART II
or by any other procedure open to them, within six months after the receipt by the receiving
Article 8
State of the initial communication, either State shall have the right to refer the matter again to
the Committee by notifying the Committee and also the other State.
1. There shall be established a Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (here-
inafter referred to às the Committee) consisting of eighteen experts of high moral standing and
3. The Committee shall deal with a matter referred to it in accordance with paragraph 2 of
acknowledged impartiality elected by States Parties from amongst their nationals who shall
this article after it has ascertained that all available domestic remedies have been invoked and
serve in their personal capacity, consideration being given to equitable geographical distribution
exhausted in the case, in conformity with the generally recognized principles of international
and to the representation of the different forms of civilization as well as of the principal legal
law. This shall not be the rule where the application of the remedies is unreasonably prolonged.
systems.
4. In any matter referred to it, the Committee may call upon the States Parties concerned to
2. The members of the Committee shall be elected by secret ballot from a list of persons
supply any other relevant information.
nominated by the States Parties. Each State Party may nominate one person from among its
5. When any matter arising out of this article is being considered by the Committee, the
own nationals.
States Parties concerned shall be entitled to send a representative to take part in the proceedings
3. The initial election shall be held six months after the date of the entry into force of this
of the Committee, without voting rights, while the matter is under consideration.
Convention. At least three months before the date of each election the Secretary-General of
Article 12
the United Nations shall address a letter to the States Parties inviting them to submit their
nominations within two months. The Secretary-General shall prepare a list in alphabetical
1. (a) After the Committee has obtained and collated all the information it deems necessary,
order of all persons thus nominated, indicating the States Parties which have nominated them,
the Chairman shall appoint an ad hoc Conciliation Commission (hereinafter referred to as the
and shall submit it to the States Parties.
Commission) comprising five persons who may or may not be members of the Committee. The
members of the Commission shall be appointed with the unanimous consent of the parties to
4. Elections of the members of the Committee shall be held at a meeting States Partiescon-
the dispute, and its good offices shall be made available to the States concerned with a view to
vened by the Secretary-General at United Nations Headquarters. At that meeting, for which
an amicable solution of the matter on the basis of respect for this Convention.
two-thirds of the States Parties shall constitute a quorum, the persons elected to the Com-
mittee shall be those nominees who obtain the largest number of votes and an absolute
(b) If the States parties to the dispute fail to reach agreement within three months on all or
majority of the votes of the representatives of States Parties present and voting.
part of the composition of the Commission, the members of the Commission not agreed upon
by the States parties to the dispute shall be elected by secret ballot by a two-thirds majority
5. (a) The members of the Committee shall be elected for a term of four years. However,
vote of the Committee from among its own members.
the terms of nine of the members elected at the first election shall expire at the end of two years;
immediately after the first election the names of these nine members shall be chosen by lot by
2. The members of the Commission shall serve in their personal capacity. They shall not be
the Chairman of the Committee.
nationals of the States parties to the dispute or of a State not Party to this Convention.
(b) For the filling of casual vacancies, the State Party whose expert has ceased to function
3. The Commission shall elect its own Chairman and adopt its own rules of procedure.
as a member of the Committee shall appoint another expert from among its nationals, subject
4. The meetings of the Commission shall normally be held at United Nations Headquarters
to the approval of the Committee.
or at any other convenient place as determined by the Commission.
6. States Parties shall be responsible for the expenses of the members of the Committee
5. The secretariat provided in accordance with article 10, paragraph 3, of this Convention
while they are in performance of Committee duties.
shall also service the Commission whenever a dispute among States Parties brings the Com-
mission into being.
Article 9
6. The States Parties to the dispute shall share equally all the expenses of the members of the
1. States Parties undertake to submit to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, for
Commission in accordance with estimates to be provided by the Secretary-General of the
consideration by the Committee, a report on the legislative, judicial, administrative or other
United Nations.
measures which they have adopted and which give effect to the provisions of this Convention:
(a) within one year after the entry into force of the Convention for the State concerned; and
7. The Secretary-General shall be empowered to pay the expenses of the members of the
(b) thereafter every two years and whenever the Committee so requests. The Committee may
Commission, if necessary, before reimbursement by the States parties to the dispute in accord-
ance with paragraph 6 of this article.
request further information from the States Parties.
2. The Committee shall report annually, through the Secretary-General, to the General
8. The information obtained and collated by the Committee shall be made available to the
Assembly of the United Nations on its activities and may make suggestions and general
Commission, and the Commission may call upon the States concerned to supply any other
relevant information.
recommendations based on the examination of the reports and information received from the
States Parties. Such suggestions and general recommendations shall be reported to the General
Article 13
Assembly together with comments, if any, from States Parties.
1. When the Commission has fully considered the matter, it shall prepare and submit to the
Article 10
Chairman of the Committee a report embodying its findings on all questions of fact relevant to
the issue between the parties and containing such recommendations as it may think proper for
1. The Committee shall adopt its own rules of procedure.
the amicable solution of the dispute.
2. The Committee shall elect its officers for a term of two years.
2. The Chairman of the Committee shall communicate the report of the Commission to each
3. The secretariat of the Committee shall be provided by the Secretary-General of the United
of the States parties to the dispute. These States shall, within three months, inform the Chair-
Nations.
man of the Committee whether or not they accept the recommendations contained in the report
4. The meetings of the Committee shall normally be held at United Nations Headquarters.
of the Commission.
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SCHEDULE-continued
SCHEDULE-continued
3. After the period provided for in paragraph 2 of this article, the Chairman of the Com-
to the principles and objectives of this Convention in their consideration of petitions from the
mittee shall communicate the report of the Commission and the declarations of the States
inhabitants of Trust and Non-Self-Governing Territories and all other territories to which
Parties concerned to the other States Parties to this Convention.
General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) applies, relating to matters covered by this Convention
which are before these bodies.
(b) The Committee shall receive from the competent bodies of the United Nations copies
Article 14
of the reports concerning the legislative, judicial, administrative or other measures directly
1. A State Party may at any time declare that it recognizes the competence of the Committee
related to the principles and objectives of this Convention applied by the administering
to receive and consider communications from individuals or groups of individuals within its
Powers within the territories mentioned in sub-paragraph (a) of this paragraph, and shall express
jurisdiction claiming to be victims of a violation by that State Party of any of the rights set
opinions and make recommendations to these bodies.
forth in this Convention. No communication shall be received by the Committee if it concerns
3. The Committee shall include in its report to the General Assembly a summary of the
a State Party which has not made such a declaration.
petitions and reports it has received from United Nations bodies, and the expressions of opinion
2. Any State Party which makes a declaration as provided for in paragraph 1 of this article may
and recommendations of the Committee relating to the said petitions and reports.
establish or indicate a body within its national legal order which shall be competent to receive
4. The Committee shall request from the Secretary-General of the United Nations all infor-
and consider petitions from individuals and groups of individuals within its jurisdiction who
mation relevant to the objectives of this Convention and available to him regarding the
claim to be victims of a violation of any of the rights set forth in this Convention and who have
Territories mentioned in paragraph 2 (a) of this article.
exhausted other available local remedies.
3. A declaration made in accordance with paragraph 1 of this article and the name of any body
Article 16
established or indicated in accordance with paragraph 2 of this article shall be deposited by the
The provisions of this Convention concerning the settlement of disputes or complaints shall
State Party concerned with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall transmit
be applied without prejudice to other procedures for settling disputes or complaints in the field
copies thereof to the other States Parties. A declaration may be withdrawn at any time by
of discrimination laid down in the constituent instruments of, or in conventions adopted by,
notification to the Secretary-General, but such a withdrawal shall not affect communications
the United Nations and its specialized agencies, and shall not prevent the States Parties from
pending before the Committee.
having recourse to other procedures for settling a dispute in accordance with general or special
4. A register of petitions shall be kept by the body established or indicated in accordance with
international agreements in force between them.
paragraph 2 of this article, and certified copies of the register shall be filed annually through
appropriate channels with the Secretary-General on the understanding that the contents shall
PART III
not be publicly disclosed.
Article 17
5. In the event of failure to obtain satisfaction from the body established or indicated in
1. This Convention is open for signature by any State Member of the United Nations or
accordance with paragraph 2 of this article, the petitioner shall have the right to communicate
the matter to the Committee within six months.
member of any of its specialized agencies, by any State Party to the Statute of the International
Court of Justice, and by any other State which has been invited by the General Assembly of the
6. (a) The Committee shall confidentially bring any communication referred to it to the
United Nations to become a Party to this Convention.
attention of the State Party alleged to be violating any provision of this Convention, but the
2. This Convention is subject to ratification. Instruments of ratification shall be deposited
identity of the individual or groups of individuals concerned shall not be revealed without his or
with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
their express consent. The Committee shall not receive anonymous communications.
(b) Within three months, the receiving State shall submit to the Committee written
Article 18
explanations or statements clarifying the matter and the remedy, if any, that may have been
1. This Convention shall be open to accession by any State referred to in article 17, paragraph 1,
taken by that State.
of the Convention.
7. (a) The Committee shall consider communications in the light of all information made
2. Accession shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument of accession with the Secretary-
available to it by the State Party concerned and by the petitioner. The Committee shall not
General of the United Nations.
consider any communication from a petitioner unless it has ascertained that the petitioner has
Article 19
exhausted all available domestic remedies. However, this shall not be the rule where the
application of the remedies is unreasonably prolonged.
1. This Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after the date of the deposit
with the Secretary-General of the United Nations of the twenty-seventh instrument of ratifica-
(b) The Committee shall forward its suggestions and recommendations, if any, to the State
tion or instrument of accession.
Party concerned and to the petitioner.
2. For each State ratifying this Convention or acceding to it after the deposit of the twenty-
8. The Committee shall include in its annual report a summary of such communications and,
seventh instrument of ratification or instrument of accession, the Convention shall enter into
where appropriate, a summary of the explanations and statements of the States Parties con-
force on the thirtieth day after the date of the deposit of its own instrument of ratification or
cerned and of its own suggestions and recommendations.
instrument of accession.
9. The Committee shall be competent to exercise the functions provided for in this article only
Article 20
when at least ten States Parties to this Convention are bound by declarations in accordance with
1. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall receive and circulate to all States which
paragraph 1 of this article.
are or may become Parties to this Convention reservations made by States at the time of
ratification or accession. Any State which objects to the reservation shall, within a period of
Article 15
ninety days from the date of the said communication, notify the Secretary-General that it does
1. Pending the achievement of the objectives of the Declaration on the Granting of Independ-
not accept it.
ence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, contained in General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV)
2. A reservation incompatible with the object and purpose of this Convention shall not be
of 14 December 1960, the provisions of this Convention shall in no way limit the right of
permitted, nor shall a reservation the effect of which would inhibit the operation of any of the
petition granted to these peoples by other international instruments or by the United Nations
bodies established by this Convention be allowed. A reservation shall be considered incompatible
and its specialized agencies.
or inhibitive if at least two-thirds of the States Parties to this Convention object to it.
2. (a) The Committee established under article 8, paragraph 1, of this Convention shall
3. Reservations may be withdrawn at any time by notification to this effect addressed to the
receive copies of the petitions from, and submit expressions of opinion and recommendations
Secretary-General. Such notification shall take effect on the date on which it is received.
on these petitions to, the bodies of the United Nations which deal with matters directly related
30
No.
Racial Discrimination
1975
SCHEDULE-continued
Article 21
A State Party may denounce this Convention by written notification to the Secretary-
General of the United Nations. Denunciation shall take effect one year after the date of receipt
of the notification by the Secretary-General.
Article 22
Any dispute between two or more States Parties with respect to the interpretation or
application of this Convention, which is not settled by negotiation or by the procedures
expressly provided for in this Convention, shall, at the request of any of the parties to the dis-
pute, be referred to the International Court of Justice for decision, unless the disputants agree
to another mode of settlement.
Article 23
1. A request for the revision of this Convention may be made at any time by any State Party
by means of a notification in writing addressed to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
2. The General Assembly of the United Nations shall decide upon the steps, if any, to be
taken in respect of such a request.
Article 24
The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall inform all States referred to in article 17,
paragraph 1, of this Convention of the following particulars:
(a) Signatures, ratifications and accessions under articles 17 and 18;
(b) The date of entry into force of this Convention under article 19;
(c) Communications and declarations received under articles 14, 20 and 23;
(d) Denunciations under article 21.
Article 25
1. This Convention, of which the Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are
equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of the United Nations.
2. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall transmit certified copies of this Con-
vention to all States belonging to any of the categories mentioned in article 17, paragraph 1, of
the Convention.
Printed by Authority by the Government Printer of Australia
NO>> WASHING
SEP 24'75
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HOUSE MAIL
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WHITE RECEPTION & SECURITY
SEP 20 1975
A
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Processed by:
Mr J. Calhoun,
Office of Staff Assistant to the
President on Minority Affairs,
Room 179,
Old Executive Office Building,
Pennsylvania Avenue,
WASHINGTON. D.C. 20500
If not delivered within 7 days, return to
ATTORNEY-GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT
CANBERRA, A.C.T. 2600
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
FORD : LIBRARY 077838
October 21, 1975
MEMORANDUM FOR:
BILL BAROODY
FROM:
JOHN CALHOUN
wit
I met yesterday with Dr. Charles "A" Lyons, President of
the National Association for Equal Opportunity in Higher
Education (NAFEO), at his request.
NAFEO and the United Negro College Fund will be meeting
with Secretary Mathews on November 4th.
I encouraged Dr. Lyons and NAFEO to:
-- Explore increased involvement and funding from
industry and the private sector.
-- Improve Black college involvement within the Black
community and search for solutions to motivational
and behavioral problems associated with drug abuse,
crime, the poor and minority elderly.
-- Provide greater leadership and challenge to the Black
community.
-- To better utilize Black achievements in the arts and
sciences (movie stars, TV personalities) to raise
funds for support of Black colleges.
-- To establish an ongoing dialogue with the Administration.
I think we may want to bring in Black colleges for a "Tuesday"
meeting at some later date.
It was a good session.
Attachments
"WJB has seen
HEALTH.
of
MELTARE DEPARTMENT ONV
THE SECRETARY OF HEALTH. EDUCATION, AND WELFARE
WASHINGTON, D. C. 20201
U.S.A.
SEP 22 1975
MEMORANDUM FOR HONORABLE JOHN CALHOUN
Thank you for your memorandum of August 1 referring
appointment. a request from the United Negro College Fund for an
I plan to meet with Black college presidents under
the auspices of the National Association for Equal
Opportunity in Higher Education on November 4.
Dr. Milton Curry, UNCF's President, will be present.
Thank you for bringing this to my attention.
Secretary
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
DATE: 10-28-75
TO:
JOHN CALHOUN
PAM POWELL
F. DEBACA
STAN SCOTT
JEFF EVES
JOHN SHLAES
VIRGINIA KNAUER
WAYNE VALIS
PAT LINDH
JOHN VICKERMAN
TED MARRS
"ROM: WILLIAM J. BAROODY, JR.
FOR YOUR INFORMATION
FOR APPROPRIATE ACTION
FOR YOUR COMMENTS/RECOMMENDATIONS
OTHER:
LINCOLN/BRINER
5461 SOUTHWYCK BOULEVARD
TOLEDO / OHIO / 43614
I
CARLETON S. FINKBEINER, JR.
(419) 865-1244 / Res. 874-5064
DIRECTOR OF PERSONNEL
Friday, October 24, 1975
Mr. William Baroody, Jr.
GERALD FORD
Assistant to the President
for Public Liason
The White House
Washington, D.C.
Dear Mr. Baroody:
This is to convey my support of the work of John Calhoun as he
has related to people in Northwestern Ohio since going to work
for the President of the United States.
I met John this past January when he was invited to Toledo to
speak before a Negro women's organization. As the 1974 Republi-
can candidate for the 9th. district seat in the House of Repre-
sentatives, I was introduced to John following his remarks. Im-
mediately we became fast friends.
Since that time, I have observed how easily John is able to re-
late to grass-roots people here in the 9th. district. Many of
those who listened to John that January evening, have since
visited with him in Washington. Others have had occasion to call
upon him for direct assistance, and he has responded quickly.
The rapport between Mr. Calhoun and many of the citizems here
in Northwestern Ohio is excellent.
I am particularly grateful, as I hope to be the Republican Con-
gressional candidate again in 1976. Our '74 election effort was
very close, yet I did poorly in the black neighborhoods. With
men like John Calhoun representing a Republican administration,
I believe I can attract greater numbers of Negro voters in 1976.
I am confident John will assist President Ford tremendously
across the country, if his rapport is as I believe it to be
with people everywhere he has been in behalf of the Administration.
You have an excellent man in John Calhoun, Mr. Baroody. I commend
you for your selection of Presidential aides.
A MEMBER OF THE LINCOLN NATIONAL FAMILY OF FINANCIAL SERVICE CORPORATIONS
The Lincoln National Life Insurance Company
American States Insurance Companies / Lincoln National Sales Corporation
Dominion Life Assurance Company. Canada / The Lincoln National Life Insurance Company of New York
Chicago Title and Trust Company / Lincoln National Investment Management Co. / LNC Equity Sales Corporation, et al.
Friday, October 24, 1975
Mr. William Baroody, Jr.
If I can be of assistance to you in any further way, please do
not hesitate to be in touch with me at either of the phone num-
bers listed. I would be pleased to help in anyway.
I have forwarded to Mr. Rumsfeld, an earlier letter, expressing
my highest respect for the work John Calhoun is doing for the
Ford Administration in communities such as Toledo, Ohio.
Respectfully and sincerely,
Carteloni
Carleton S. Finkbeiner
PRM SERVICE
we hold these Truths
MAYSUSE
ZZIP CODDE
19985
UNITED S.
DATES
10
c
Mr. William Baroody, Jr.
Assistant to the President
for Public Liason
The White House
Washington, D.C.
Carleton S. Finkbeiner
5461 SOUTHWYCK BOULEVARD
TOLEDO / OHIO / 43614
MEMORANDUM
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
DERALD FORD LIBRARY
January 6, 1976
MEMORANDUM FOR:
WILLIAM J. BAROODY, JR.
FROM:
JOHN CALHOUN Gc.
SUBJECT:
Black Appointments
It is a disservice to the President to send a U.S. delegation
of "Unknowns" on the international scene to the Inauguration of the
President of Liberia, one of our closest allies in Africa.
In view of the current problems on the Continent of Africa,
coupled with active bids by the U.S.S.R., Cuba and the People's
Republic of China for influence with these developing countries,
it would appear that the U.S. must seize every opportunity to visibly
demonstrate support, concern and friendship to those African nations
who share our love for Democracy.
African states now comprise more than one-third of the membership
at the United Nations. One must assume that the heads of most of these
nations would either attend the inauguration themselves or have top
level representation. In sending less than top level representation,
it is possible that we may be viewed as insensitive and this could in-
crease our difficulties at the U.N.
President Ford said in his April 10th State of the World message
that, "Africans must know that America is a true and concerned friend,
reliable in word as well as in deed."
The Administration could be subjected to severe criticism for
waiting until the day before departure to attempt to invite such persons
as Dr. Leon Sullivan, founder of OIC, and John H. Johnson, publisher of
Ebony - Jet magazines, since this could be interpreted to show lack of
concern. Their declining the appointment can be understood, especially
since the offer came during the holiday season.
Mr. Asa T. Spaulding, while a good Republican and successful black
executive, is not a national figure and is definitely not recognized on
the international scene. As an African diplomat said to me, "What does
your country seriously think about us in sending this delegation?"
There are no pluses to be gained in sending Margaret Bush Wilson, an
outspoken Democratic activist against the Administration, as a member of
the U.S. delegation. Mrs. Wilson assumed her present low visibility post
2
as Chairman of the Board of the NAACP less than a year ago.
The third member of the delegation, a white minister from Atlanta,
is unknown to me.
I was excluded from input on other recent appointments of blacks
which have generated public criticism, such as that of Pearl Bailey to
the U.N. Properly orchestrated, Miss Bailey's appointment could have
been reported as a positive move.
It is essential during 1976 that special assistants charged with
maintaining liaison with minorities, ethnics, women, etc. be included
in the nominating process for Presidential Appointees, and not advised
after the fact.
ADMINISTRATIVELY CONFIDENTIAL
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
K
March 12, 1976
FORD & LIBRARY GERALD
MEMORANDUM FOR:
WILLIAM J. BAROODY, JR.
FROM:
JOHN CALHOUN 9c
SUBJECT:
A Review of Media Coverage of
Consumer Plan Conferences
It is apparent after reviewing the final tally of sample articles
that over half of the articles contain negative tones. Less
than a fourth of the articles portray positive tones, with the
rest being basically neutral.
The reasoning of negative tones within the articles varies.
In many cases it can be seen as one sided reporting which
lacks the input of Administration comment on negative state-
ments. A common example can be seen in Virginia Knauer's
change in attitude toward the proposed consumer protection
agency. Many papers commented on Knauer's shift in support,
some merely stated the fact, implying that she was playing
follow the leader with Ford rather than standing by her own
belief. It seems obvious that the articles containing a quote
from Knauer concerning an explanation were of a more positive
nature than those which left her change in attitude up to the
imagination of the reader.
This basic lack of Administration explanation could be seen as
a deciding factor in many of the negative articles. This was
found apparent in the articles concerning the consumer
conferences. A large amount of the articles dwelled on the
consumer advocates calling the conference a window dressing
file
as well as an attempt to cushion the blow of Ford's expected
veto of the consumer agency. Several articles that contained
a more positive tone were likely to back up a consumer quote
with a relevant quote from either Knauer, Baroody, or some
Administration spokesman. This element was able to give
as essential balance to the articles that I believed favored the
Administration due to their more informative explanations
compared to the somewhat cynical and sarcastic comments
of consumer groups.
I found the articles which were positive in nature to be the
result of a type of feature article format. There were sev-
eral articles of this nature with Knauer as the central character.
Such articles allow the everyday reader to find an element that
he can believe in and relate to in the individual rather than
distrusting him as merely a spokesman carrying out the requests
of the Administration. This basic type of feature format also
allows for explanation of Administration policies and gives the
central figure the opportunity to speak back to charges that have
been made against them.
The majority of the neutral articles critiqued seemed to be the
result of press releases, many being merely announcements.
These articles, although merely informative and at times before
the fact, could not be seen as either positive or negative in
tones.
In order to present a more positive Administration tone in the
articles, there must be more Administration input. At times
this can be the job of the newspaper man who neglects to add
quotes that would create a better balance to his article. This
was apparent in many AP and UPI articles that would neglect
to carry an essential paragraph of justification on the part of
the Administration. Other papers carrying the same UPI or
AP article would include such a paragraph and in turn create
a more positive Administration tone to the article. Feature
type articles such as those mentioned previously are an
excellent way to accomplish Administration input and to deal
with the inbalance found in articles.
CONTENTS
1) Tally of articles
2) Negative highlights
3) Positive highlights
4) Reviews of the 48 articles
TOTAL TALLY OF ARTICLES
NEGATIVE IN TONE
38
POSITIVE IN TONE
19
NEITHER NEGATIVE OR POSITIVE
13
PRESS RELEASE NATURE
6
TOTAL NUMBER OF ARTICLES TALLIED 76
Negative Points in Consumer Articles
1) Conferences were labled a "window dressing" cushion
to soften the blow of Ford's expected veto of the consumer
protection agency.
2) Several articles carried consumer quotes questioning
the cost of Ford's proposal for inhouse consumer offices
as well as the cost of the nine conferences. They stated
that the consumer protection agency would save money.
3) Several articles were critical of Virginia Knauer and
her change in attitude over the last eighteen months toward
the consumer protection agency. There were implications
that Knauer had compromised her beliefs and deserted the
consumer.
4) In reviewing the consumer conferences the media
portrayed an extremely skeptical audience. They cited
hostility at the conferences and backed them up with negative
quotes from outraged consumers.
5) The question was often brought up as to how an agency
could effectively monitor itself on consumer affairs. In
order to be effective it is suggested that there must be an
independent agency that has some sort of legal power over
other agencies.
6) Several articles voiced disapproval at the proposals
already suggested by several of the agencies. The articles
did not forsee the proposals as being effective.
7)
There were several articles concerning Joan Braden
and her new appointment. The articles questioned the need
for such a post they feel was created for Braden. They also
questioned her abilities and the channels she went through
to get the job. References are made to her connections with
the Rockefellers and Kissingers as well as her reputation as
a socialite.
8)
Probably the most damaging element in these articles
are the negative quotes attributed to well-known figures
such as Nader, Carol Foreman, Charles Percy or perhaps
an unidentified Administration official. Such quotes are
present in the majority of the articles.
Total number of articles reviewed
48
Articles carrying negative tones
27
Articles carrying positive tones
5
Articles balanced in positive and negative tones
11
Articles of a press release nature
5
Total articles
48
Those articles which were versions of the same AP report
16
Versions of AP with negative tones
9
Versions of AP with positive tones
0
Versions of AP with balanced tones
7
Those articles which were versions of the same UPI report
3
Versions of UPI with negative tones
2
Versions of UPI with positive tones
1