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Executive Order 9066 Repeal, 2/19/76 (1)
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4644489
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Executive Order 9066 Repeal, 2/19/76 (1)
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Myron B. Kuropas Files (Ford Administration)
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Relocation of Japanese Americans, 1942-1945
Executive orders
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The original documents are located in Box 10, folder "Executive Order 9066 - Repeal
(1)" of the Myron B. Kuropas Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
Copyright Notice
The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of
photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald R. Ford. donated to the
United States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives
collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in
the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are
presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject
to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
Some items in this folder were not digitized because it contains copyrighted
materials. Please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library for access to
these materials.
206-352-1424
THURSTON URBAN LEAGUE COMMITTEE
P. O. BOX 2888
OLYMPIA, WASHINGTON 98507
February 10, 1976
Mr. Gerald Ford
The President
The White House
Washington, D.C. 20500
Dear Mr. President:
The totally unjustified uprooting and imprisonment
during World War II of all Pacific Coast residents of
Japanese ancestry is generally recognized by historians
as one of the darkest chapters in American history. It
is disturbing to note, that, despite the passage of over
thirty years, former President Franklin D. Roosevelt's
infamous Executive Order 9066 which authorized the
perpetration of that outrage against innocent Japanese
Americans still remains in effect as one of the laws of
our nation. By any standard of common sense or reason,
revocation of that Order has long been overdue.
As a part of the Bicentennial Celebration of the
founding of our nation, an announcement by you rescinding
that Order would help to remove some of the tarnish on
the record of America's treatment of its non-white minorities.
The significance of such an announcement would probably
be enhanced if it could be made on February 19, 1976, on
the 34th anniversary of the issuance of the Order.
Respectfully Yours,
LIBRARY
nam Chu Pearl
Thurston County Urban League
SENATE
Nam Chu Pearl, 1st Vice President
NP/llk
CC: Mrs. Gwen Anderson
Deputy Assistant to Counselor Hartmann
West Wing - Basement
The White House
Washington, D.C. 20500
Mr. Dudley Chapman
Associate Counsel to the President
The White House
Washington, D.C. 20500
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
FEBRUARY 19, 1976
OFFICE OF THE WHITE HOUSE PRESS SECRETARY
THE WHITE HOUSE
REMARKS OF THE PRESIDENT
UPON THE SIGNING OF A PROCLAMATION
FORMALLY RECOGNIZING EXECUTIVE ORDER 9066
AS NULL AND VOID
THE CABINET ROOM
11:54 A.M. EST
February 19th is the anniversary of a very, very
sad day in American history. It was on that date in 1942
that Executive Order 9066 was issued resulting in the uprooting
of many, many loyal Americans. Over 100,000 persons of
Japanese ancestry were removed from their homes, detained
in special camps and eventually relocated.
We now know what we should have known then -- not
only was that evacuation wrong, but Japanese-Americans were
and are loyal Americans. On the battlefield and at home
the names of Japanese-Americans have been and continue to
be written in America's history for the sacrifices and
the contributions they have made to the well-being and to
the security of this, our common Nation.
Executive Order 9066 ceased to be effective at
the end of World War II but there was no formal statement
of its termination. There remains some concern among
Japanese-Americans that there yet may be some life in
that obsolete document. The proclamation I am signing
here today should remove all doubt on that matter.
I call upon the American people to affirm with
me the unhyphenated American promise that we have learned
from the tragedy of that long ago experience -- forever to
treasure liberty and justice for each individual American
and resolve that this kind of error shall never be made
again.
END (AT 11:56 A.M. EST)
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
FEBRUARY 19, 1976
Office of the White House Press Secretary
THE WHITE HOUSE
AN AMERICAN PROMISE
FORD
LIBRARY
BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
A PROCLAMATION
In this Bicentennial Year, we are commemorating the
anniversary dates of many of the great events in American
history. An honest reckoning, however, must include a
recognition of our national mistakes as well as our na-
tional achievements. Learning from our mistakes is
not pleasant, but as a great philosopher once admonished,
we must do so if we want to avoid repeating them.
February 19th is the anniversary of a sad day in
American history. It was on that date in 1942, in the
midst of the response to the hostilities that began on
December 7, 1941, that Executive Order No. 9066 was issued,
subsequently enforced by the criminal penalties of a statute
enacted March 21, 1942, resulting in the uprooting of loyal
Americans. Over one hundred thousand persons of Japanese
ancestry were removed from their homes, detained in
special camps, and eventually relocated.
The tremendous effort by the War Relocation Authority
and concerned Americans for the welfare of these Japanese-
Americans may add perspective to that story, but it does
not erase the setback to fundamental American prin-
ciples. Fortunately, the Japanese-American community in
Hawaii was spared the indignities suffered by those on our
mainland.
We now know what we should have known then -- not only
was that evacuation wrong, but Japanese-Americans were and
are loyal Americans. On the battlefield and at home,
Japanese-Americans -- names like Hamada, Mitsumori, Marimoto,
Noguchi, Yamasaki, Kido, Munemori and Miyamura -- have been
and continue to be written in our history for the sacrifices
and the contributions they have made to the well-being and
security of this, our common Nation.
The Executive order that was issued on February 19,
1942, was for the sole purpose of prosecuting the war
with the Axis Powers, and ceased to be effective with
the end of those hostilities. Because there was no for-
mal statement of its termination, however, there is
concern among many Japanese-Americans that there may
yet be some life in that obsolete document. I think
it appropriate, in this our Bicentennial Year, to remove
all doubt on that matter, and to make clear our commitment
in the future.
more
2
NOW, THEREFORE, I, GERALD R. FORD, President of the
United States of America, do hereby proclaim that all
the authority conferred by Executive Order No. 9066 termi-
nated upon the issuance of Proclamation No. 2714, which
formally proclaimed the cessation of the hostilities of
World War II on December 31, 1946.
I call upon the American people to affirm with me this
American Promise -- that we have learned from the tragedy
of that long-ago experience forever to treasure liberty and
justice for each individual American, and resolve that this
kind of action shall never again be repeated.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this
nineteenth day of February, in the year of our Lord
nineteen hundred seventy-six, and of the Independence of
the United States of America the two hundredth.
GERALD R. FORD
#####
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
FEBRUARY 19, 1976
Office of the White House Press Secretary
THE WHITE HOUSE
AN AMERICAN PROMISE
BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
A PROCLAMATION
In this Bicentennial Year, we are commemorating the
anniversary dates of many of the great events in American
history. An honest reckoning, however, must include a
recognition of our national mistakes as well as our na-
tional achievements. Learning from our mistakes is
not pleasant, but as a great philosopher once admonished,
we must do so if we want to avoid repeating them.
February 19th is the anniversary of a sad day in
American history. It was on that date in 1942, in the
midst of the response to the hostilities that began on
December 7, 1941, that Executive Order No. 9066 was issued,
subsequently enforced by the criminal penalties of a statute
enacted March 21, 1942, resulting in the uprooting of loyal
Americans. Over one hundred thousand persons of Japanese
ancestry were removed from their homes, detained in
special camps, and eventually relocated.
The tremendous effort by the War Relocation Authority
and concerned Americans for the welfare of these Japanese-
Americans may add perspective to that story, but it does
not erase the setback to fundamental American prin-
ciples. Fortunately, the Japanese-American community in
Hawaii was spared the indignities suffered by those on our
mainland.
We now know what we should have known then -- not only
was that evacuation wrong, but Japanese-Americans were and
are loyal Americans. On the battlefield and at home,
Japanese-Americans -- names like Hamada, Mitsumori, Marimoto,
Noguchi, Yamasaki, Kido, Munemori and Miyamura -- have been
and continue to be written in our history for the sacrifices
and the contributions they have made to the well-being and
security of this, our common Nation.
The Executive order that was issued on February 19,
1942, was for the sole purpose of prosecuting the war
with the Axis Powers, and ceased to be effective with
the end of those hostilities. Because there was no for-
mal statement of its termination, however, there is
concern among many Japanese-Americans that there may
yet be some life in that obsolete document. I think
it appropriate, in this our Bicentennial Year, to remove
all doubt on that matter, and to make clear our commitment
in the future.
more
2
NOW, THEREFORE, I, GERALD R. FORD, President of the
United States of America, do hereby proclaim that all
the authority conferred by Executive Order No. 9066 termi-
nated upon the issuance of Proclamation No. 2714, which
formally proclaimed the cessation of the hostilities of
World War II on December 31, 1946.
I call upon the American people to affirm with me this
American Promise that we have learned from the tragedy
of that long-ago experience forever to treasure liberty and
justice for each individual American, and resolve that this
kind of action shall never again be repeated.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this
nineteenth day of February, in the year of our Lord
nineteen hundred seventy-six, and of the Independence of
the United States of America the two hundredth.
GERALD R. FORD
#####
FORD
TREATMENT
R.
al
PACIFIC
to
NATIONA
CITIZEN
et.
0-
et
Membership Publication: Japanese American Citizens League, 125 Weller St., Los Angeles, Calif. 90012; (213) MA 6-6936
al
Published Weekly Except First and Last Weeks of the Years Second Class Postage Paid at Los Angeles, Calif.
V-
he
VOL. 82 NO. 8
FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 1976
Subscription Rate per Year
15 CENTS
U.S. $7. Foreign $11
be
ys
n-
n-
fa-
n-
Exec. Order 9066 erased
X-
ISS
id-
eir
Nisei civil service worker seeks
retirement credit for stay in camp
000
000 OAKLAND. Calif.-A number ent law which only provides
000 of bills appear in Congress credit to any federal em-
300
calling for crediting of time
ployee as of July 15, 1952.
spent by Japanese Americans
Public support is needed,
in World War II internment
Ono said, to get the measure
and detention camps under
onto the floor. Those wishing
the Federal Civil Service Re-
to seek additional information
tirement System, according to
may write him at 3814 Ran-
Rep. Norman Mineta (D-
delph Ave., Oakland 94602, or
,500
Calif.). who is author of one,
with any of the legislators
HR 8823.
who have introduced bills on
,500
1,000
6,500
1,400
0.000
7,997
1,000
9,897
es
an Citizens Leagu
Island Ave.
D. 20036
Kashu Mainichi
California Daily News
346 East First St., Los Angeles 90012 MA 6-1168
THURS., FEB. 19, 1970
Pres. Ford officially kills Executive Order 9066
WASHINGTON (UPI)- Presi-
camps.
dent Ford signed a proclamation
We know now that Executive
today terminating the executive
Order was wrong and the Japa-
order which led to the uprooting
nese-Americans were and are
of more than 100,000 Japanese-
loyal,' he said.
Americans during WW II, forcing
Ford said that although the
them to live in camps during the
order ceased to be effective after
hostilities with Japan.
WW II. there was some concern
ENDS EVACUATION ORDER-Pres. Ford shakes hands with Sen. Daniel
K. Inouye, D-Hawaii, at the White House today after signing a proclama-
tion terminating the executive order which led to the uprooting of more
than 00,000 Japanese Americans during World War II, forcing them to
live in camps during World War II, At right is Rep. Patsy T. Mink and
in background are Helen Kawagoe and Atty. Gen. Edward Levi, -UPI
HOKUBEI
MAINICHI
The Sanwa Bank of California
San Francisco Main Office — (415) 397-6000
San Jose Office - (408) 998-0800
7.50, One Year $34.00
NORTH AMERICAN DAILY
Oakland Office - (415) 444-5636
15 Cents Per Copy
cisco
Street, San Francisco, California 94115, P. O. Box 3321, San Francisco, California 94119
Phone: Office - 567-7323
Editorial - 567-7324
FRIDAY, FEB, 20, 1976
PRESIDENT FORD SIGNS PROCLAMATION
34 YEARS AFTER FATEFUL FEB. 19, 1942
9066 Abolished Finally
WASHINGTON (UPI) - Pre-
He said that on Feb. 19, 1942,
ter WW II, there was some con-
sident Ford signed a proclama-
Executive Order 9066 was sign-
cern that it could be invoked
tion Thursday terminating the
ed and resulted in the movement
again.
executive order which led to the
of more than 100,000 Japanese-
In this Bicentennial Year,
uprooting of more than 100,000
Americans "who were removed
Ford said, there must be "an
Japanese-Americans during WW
from their homes and placed in
honest reckoning of our na-
II. forcing them to live in camps
camps."
tional mistakes as well as our
lapanese radio to
a shotgun blast.
rights
while
the
United
can Citizens Leagu
Island Ave.
D.C. 20036
Kashu Mainichi
FORD
ABSERT
California Daily News
346 East First St., Los Angeles 90012 MA 6-1168
FRIDAY, FEB. 20, 1976
Nisei Legislators Applaud President
Japanese Activists Warn Against Releasing Names
PROCLAMATION-President Ford is applauded after signing a proclama-
tion at the White House Thursday, Feb. 19, teminating the executive order
which led to the uprooting of more than 100,000 Japanese Americans.
The order was signed by then Pres, Franklin D. Roosevelt on Feb. 19,1942
In above photo, I to r, are Carson City Clerk Helen Kawagoe, Sen. Daniel
K. Inouye, Representatives Patsy Mink, Norman Mineta, and Spark Matsu-
naga, and Sen. Hiram L. Fong.
UPI Telephoto
S LEAGUE
The New York
NICHIBEI
"Community Service Since 1945"
260 West Broadway, New York, N. Y. 10013
Thursday, February 26, 1976
I
Executive Order 9066 is Rescinded;
President Ford Signs Proclamation
On Feb. 19, in a special cere-
mony held in the presence of Jap-
anese American members of Con-
gress, President Gerald Ford is-
sued a proclamation entitled "An
American Promise" which official-
ly and formally rescinded Execu-
tive Order No. 9066, the document
which authorized the wartime eva-
CLSAN
Nith Ber Times
JAPANESE AMERICAN DAILY
198, San Francisco, Calif. 94119
Business: 921-6820, Editorial: 921-6822
Saturday, February 21, 1976
'Were Loyal Americans'
Ford Rescinds E.O. 9066
y
Calling it 'Natl Mistake'
y
e
WASHINGTON, Feb. 20
at a ceremony attended by
o
(UPI) Exactly 34 years after
leading Japanese Americans.
al
President Franklin D. Roosevelt
"We know now that the
e
signed Executive Order 9066
executive order was wrong and
8
forcing 100,000 Japanese
the Japanese Americans were
Americans to be relocated from
and are loyal," Ford said.
n
their homes, President Ford
The end for the relocation
3,
revoked the order, calling the
camps was actually begun
S
action one "of our national
late in 1944. At that time,
i.
mistakes."
Maj. Gen. H. Conger Pratt,
Signed
10
CCSAN FRANCISCO (co
Nith Ber Times
JAPANESE AMERICAN DAILY
3098, San Francisco, Calif. 94119 Business: 921-6820, Editorial: 921-6822
Friday, February 20,*1976
On Anniversary
...
Ford Signs Rescission
of Executive Order 9066
(Special to Nichi Bei Times)
WASHINGTON. Feb. 19 -
cabinet room with more than a
Executive Order 9066. which
score of nisei in attendance.
gave the U. S. army authority
E. 0. 9066 was signed
to clear the West Coast of
exactly 34 years ago to the
Japanese Americans and in-
day on Feb. 19, 1942. Thurs-
tern them in World War II,
day's ceremony culminated
was officially and formally
a move started last year by
rescinded Friday.
the Pacific Northwest JACL
President Gerald Ford
District Council which began
to explore the possibility of
WALL STREET JOURNAL FEBRUARY 20, 1976
About Time
One of the fundamental problems
World War II order under which
si
with government is an inertia about
112,000 Japanese-Americans were
correcting past mistakes. The em-
interned. Not that anyone wants to
intern Japanese-Americans today
phasis is always on new rules and
but the continued existence of such
g
lews not motting rid of had old
2
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
February 18, 1976
PROCLAMATION FORMALLY TERMINATING
EXECUTIVE ORDER 9066 WHICH LED TO THE
ESTABLISHMENT OF JAPANESE AMERICAN
DETENTION CAMPS DURING WORLD WAR II
Thursday, February 19, 1976
11:30 A.M. (15 minutes)
Cabinet Room
From: Myron B. Kuropas
William J. Baroody, Jr
B
I.
PURPOSE
To formally recognize Executive Order 9066 as null and
void and to affirm that the injustice visited upon the
Japanese American community during World War II shall
never be repeated.
II.
BACKGROUND, PARTICIPANTS & PRESS PLAN
A. Background: There has been considerable consternation
among members of the Japanese American community
that Executive Order 9066 which led to the internment of
112, 000 Americans of Japanese ancestry during World
War II, remains in effect to this day. In reality,
Executive Order 9066 terminated with Proclamation
No. 2714, which formally proclaimed the cessation
of the hostilities of World War II on December 31, 1946.
Nevertheless, the President, responding to Japanese
American anxieties, felt it appropriate, in this our
Bi-centennial year, to remove all doubt on the matter
and to issue a separate proclamation which formally
recognized these facts and which affirmed that such
an injustice shall never be repeated.
LIBRARY
FORD
GERALD
-2-
B. Participants:
The Attorney General
Director of Immigration
& Naturalization
Japanese American Senators
& Congressmen
Representatives of Leading
Japanese American organizations
(list attached)
C. Press Plan: Full photo and press coverage for major
newspapers as well as ethnic press. Possibility of in-
clusion of President Ford proclamation at conclusion
of "Farewell to Manzanar", NBC story depicting life
in Japanese American detention camps scheduled for
broadcast on March 11. WH photographer for individual photos
III. TALKING POINTS
1. Today marks the 34th anniversary of Executive Order No. 9066.
2. Some 112, 000 Americans of Japanese descent were forcibly
evacuated to detention camps suffering great personal loss
as a result of this infamous Order.
3. As we celebrate our bicentennial, it is fitting and proper
that we recognize our mistake and proclaim once and for
all, without equivocation, that such a mistake should never
be repeated.
SERARY
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20503
GENERAL COUNSEL
FEB 13 1976
MEMORANDUM FOR ROBERT D. LINDER
Subject: Proposed proclamation to be issued on Febru-
ary 19, 1976, relating to Japanese-Americans
Enclosed is a proposed proclamation entitled "An American
Promise.' It was prepared in this office, in consulta-
tion with a representative of the White House Counsel's
Office.
The proposed proclamation would proclaim that the authority
conferred by Executive Order No. 9066 of February 19,
1942, terminated on December 31, 1946.
That Order authorized the issuance of military orders
excluding any or all persons from designated military
areas during World War II. It was used exclusively against
persons of Japanese ancestry.
Although that Order clearly has no legal vitality today,
members of the Japanese-American community are troubled
by the fact that it was never formally revoked. The
proposed proclamation formally responds to that concern.
Since that Order was an exercise of the President's power
to prosecute World War II, it is clear that the military
dangers addressed by that Order were formally terminated
by Proclamation No. 2714 of December 31, 1946, which
formally proclaimed the cessation of hostilities of World
War II.
The proposed proclamation formally acknowledges that
the authority of Executive Order No. 9066 terminated
with the issuance of that proclamation (No. 2714).
COPY FOR MR. MYRON KUROPAS
LIBRARY
WHITE HOUSE OFFICE OF PUBLIC LIAISON
FORD
GERALD
2
It could be said that the authority of Executive Order
No. 9066 terminated at some earlier time; however, the
date of Proclamation No. 2714 was chosen because it was
a formal Presidential act, it clearly related to the
hostilities against which Executive Order No. 9066 was
addressed, and it fixes a date subsequent to the aboli-
tion of the War Relocation Authority (by Executive Order
No. 9742 of June 25, 1946) and subsequent to the revoca-
tion of the exclusion orders (December 1944). An earlier
date would be inappropriate since it would require a
difficult factual analysis of historical events; and,
an earlier date would be unnecessary to achieve the
objective of assuring Japanese-Americans that Executive
Order No. 9066 is no longer a viable authority.
The proposed proclamation refers to Japanese surnames
selected at random; however, an intentional effort was
made to exclude surnames of political figures in order
to preserve the proclamation as an appropriate document
expressing Presidential concern for Japanese-Americans
and Presidential concern for the liberty and justice
for each American.
Although the Japanese surnames were not chosen to refer
to particular individuals, they were taken from real
persons to ensure that the names would reflect sacrifices
and contributions on the battlefield and at home. Copies
of the sources for the surnames are enclosed.
Time has not permitted formal clearance by the Department
of Justice in accordance with the provisions of Executive
Order No. 11030, as amended; however, an attorney in
the Department of Justice who reviews proposed Executive
orders and proclamations for form and legality has re-
viewed this proposed proclamation and has informally
advised that there is no legal objection to its issuance.
It is our understanding that this proposed proclamation
would be signed during a ceremony on February 19, 1976 -
the 34th anniversary of Executive Order No. 9066. We
urge that it be promptly presented for the President's
consideration.
LIBRARY
FORD
is
GERALD
3
This proposed proclamation has the approval of the Director
of the Office of Management and Budget.
(Signed) William M. Nichols
William M. Nichols
Acting General Counsel
Enclosures
LIBRARY
FORD
AN AMERICAN PROMISE
BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
LIBRARY
A PROCLAMATION
FORD
076839
In this Bicentennial Year, we are commemorating
the anniversary dates of many of the great events in
American history. An honest reckoning, however, must
include a recognition of our mistakes as well as our
achievements. Being reminded of our mistakes is not
pleasant, but as a great sage once admonished, we
must do so if we want to avoid reliving them.
February 19th is the anniversary of a poignantly
sad day in American history. It was on that date
in 1942, in the midst of the national trauma that
began on December 7, 1941, that Executive Order No.
9066 was issued, resulting in the uprooting of loyal
Americans, under the threat of a criminal statute
enacted March 21, 1942. Over a hundred thousand persons
of Japanese ancestry were driven from their homes,
detained in special camps, and eventually relocated.
The tremendous effort by the War Relocation
Authority and concerned Americans for the welfare
of these Japanese-Americans may add perspective to
that story, but it does not diminish the blow dealt
to liberty and justice. Fortunately, the Japanese-
American community in Hawaii was spared the fate
of those on our mainland.
2
We now know what we should have known then -
not only was that evacuation wrong, but Japanese-
Americans were and are loyal Americans. On the battle-
field and at home, Japanese-Americans - names like
Hamada, Mitsumori, Marimoto, Noguchi, Yamasaki, Kido,
Hayakawa, Munemori and Miyamura - have been written
in our history for the sacrifices and the contributions
they have made to the well-being and security of this,
our common Nation.
The Executive order that was issued on February 19,
1942, was for the sole purpose of prosecuting the
war with the Axis Powers, and ceased to be effective
with the end of those hostilities. Because there
was no formal statement of its termination, however,
there is concern among many Japanese-Americans that
there may yet be some life in that obsolete document.
I think it appropriate, in this our Bicentennial Year,
to remove all doubt on that matter, and to make clear
our commitment in the future.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, GERALD R. FORD, President
of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim
that all the authority conferred by Executive Order
No. 9066 terminated upon the issuance of Proclamation
No. 2714, which formally proclaimed the cessation of
the hostilities of World War II on December 31, 1946.
3
I call upon the American people to affirm with
me, an American Promise - my trust that we have
learned, from the darkness of that experience, to
forever treasure liberty and justice for each American,
and that it shall never happen again.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand
this
day of
,
in the year of
our Lord nineteen hundred seventy-six, and of the
Independence of the United States of America the two
hundredth.
LIBRARY
FORD
it
PROPOSED LIST OF INVITEES FOR SIGNING OF
PROCLAMATION RELATING TO EXECUTIVE ORDER
NO. 9066, 11:30 A.M. -- OVAL OFFICE, THURSDAY,
FEBRUARY 19, 1976
Governor George Ariyoshi
Hon. Paul Bannai
LEONARD FOHN CHAPMAN , USMC Ret.
STEPHEN DOI
WES DOI
HON. HIRAM L. FONG
ROSS HARANO
DR. TERRY HAYASHI
WAYNE HORIUCHI
WILLIAM HOSOKAWA
HON. DANIEL INOUYE
HELEN KAWAGOE
MITS KAWAMOTO
JACK KUSABA
WILLIAM MARUMOTO
MICHUEL MASAOKA
MARTIN MATSUDAIRA
HON. SPARK MATSUNAGA
HON. NORMAN Y. MINETA
HON. PATSY T. MINK
HARRY MIZUNO
-2-
FLOYD MORI
GERRY MUKAI
NOBORU NAKAMURA
STEVEN NAKASHIMA
JOSEPH L. RAUH, JR.
JOE SAGAMI
DALE SHIMASAKI
SHIGEKI SUGIYAMA
DAVID USHIO
SUS UYEDA
ED YAMAMOTA
R. FORD LIBRARY
PROPOSED LIST OF INVITEES FOR SIGNING OF
PROCLAMATION RELATING TO EXECUTIVE ORDER
NO. 9066, 11:30 A.M. -- OVAL OFFICE, THURSDAY,
FEBRUARY 19, 1976
Governor George Ariyoshi
Hon. Paul Bannai
LEONARD F. CHAPMAN Gen. USMC Ret.
STEPHEN DOI
WES DOI
HON. HIRAM L. FONG
ROSS HARANO
DR. TERRY HAYASHI
WAYNE HORIUCHI
WILLIAM HOSOKAWA
HON. DANIEL. INOUYE
HELEN KAWAGOE
MITS KAWAMOTO
JACK KUSABA
WILLIAM MARUMOTO
FORD TREATY
MICHUEL MASAOKA
STATE
MARTIN MATSUDAIRA
HON. SPARK MATSUNAGA
HON. NORMAN Y. MINETA
HON. PATSY T. MINK
HARRY MIZUNO
-2-
FLOYD MORI
GERRY MUKAI
NOBORU NAKAMURA
STEVEN NAKASHIMA
JOSEPH L. RAUH, JR.
JOE SAGAMI
DALE SHIMASAKI
SHIGEKI SUGIYAMA
DAVID USHIO
SUS UYEDA
ED YAMAMOTA
FORD LIBRARY
PROPOSED LIST OF INVITEES FOR SIGNING OF
PROCLAMATION RELATING TO EXECUTIVE ORDER
NO. 9066, 11:30 A.M. -- OVAL OFFICE, THURSDAY,
FEBRUARY 19, 1976
Governor George Ariyoshi
Hon. Paul Bannai
LEONARD F. CHAPMAN Gen. USMC Ret.
STEPHEN DOI:
WES DOI
HON. HIRAM L. FONG
ROSS HARANO
DR. TERRY HAYASHI
WAYNE HORIUCHI
WILLIAM HOSOKAWA
HON. DANIEL. INOUYE
HELEN KAWAGOE
MITS KAWAMOTO
JACK KUSABA
WILLIAM MARUMOTO
MICHUEL MASAOKA
FORD
LIBRARY
MARTIN MATSUDAIRA
GERALD
HON. SPARK MATSUNAGA
HON. NORMAN Y. MINETA
HON. PATSY T. MINK
HARRY MIZUNO
-2-
FLOYD MORI
GERRY MUKAI
NOBORU NAKAMURA
STEVEN NAKASHIMA
JOSEPH L. RAUH, JR.
JOE SAGAMI
DALE SHIMASAKI
SHIGEKI SUGIYAMA
DAVID USHIO
SUS UYEDA
ED YAMAMOTA
ORDER
FORD
LIBRARY
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
February 18, 1976
PROCLAMATION FORMALLY TERMINATING
EXECUTIVE ORDER 9066 WHICH LED TO THE
ESTABLISHMENT OF JAPANESE AMERICAN
DETENTION CAMPS DURING WORLD WAR II
Thursday, February 19, 1976
11:30 A.M. (15 minutes)
Cabinet Room
From: Myron B. Kuropas It
William J. Baroody, Jr
B
I.
PURPOSE
To formally recognize Executive Order 9066 as null and
void and to affirm that the injustice visited upon the
Japanese American community during World War II shall
never be repeated.
H.
BACKGROUND, PARTICIPANTS & PRESS PLAN
A. Background: There has been considerable consternation
among members of the Japanese American community
that Executive Order 9066 which led to the internment of
112, 000 Americans of Japanese ancestry during World
War II, remains in effect to this day. In reality,
Executive Order 9066 terminated with Proclamation
No. 2714, which formally proclaimed the cessation
of the hostilities of World War II on December 31, 1946.
Nevertheless, the President, responding to Japanese
American anxieties, felt it appropriate, in this our
Bi-centennial year, to remove all doubt on the matter
and to issue a separate proclamation which formally
recognized these facts and which affirmed that such
an injustice shall never be repeated.
FORD LIBRARY
R-
GERALD
-2-
B. Participants:
The Attorney General
Director of Immigration
& Naturalization
Japanese American Senators
& Congressmen
Representatives of Leading
Japanese American organizations
(list attached)
C. Press Plan: Full photo and press coverage for major
newspapers as well as ethnic press. Possibility of in-
clusion of President Ford proclamation at conclusion
of "Farewell to Manzanar", NBC story depicting life
in Japanese American detention camps scheduled for
broadcast on March 11. WH photographer for individual photos
III. TALKING POINTS
1. Today marks the 34th anniversary of Executive Order No. 9066.
2. Some 112, 000 Americans of Japanese descent were forcibly
evacuated to detention camps suffering great personal loss
as a result of this infamous Order.
3. As we celebrate our bicentennial, it is fitting and proper
that we recognize our mistake and proclaim once and for
all, without equivocation, that such a mistake should never
be repeated.
FORD
LIBRARY
07/830
PROPOSED LIST OF INVITEES FOR SIGNING OF
PROCLAMATION RELATING TO EXECUTIVE ORDER
NO. 9066, 11:30 A.M. -- OVAL OFFICE, THURSDAY,
FEBRUARY 19, 1976
Governor George Ariyoshi
Hon. Paul Bannai
LEONARD F.
CHAPMAN , USMC Ret.
STEPHEN DOI
WES DOI
HON. HIRAM L. FONG
ROSS HARANO
DR. TERRY HAYASHI
WAYNE HORIUCHI
WILLIAM HOSOKAWA
HON. DANIEL. INOUYE
HELEN KAWAGOE
MITS KAWAMOTO
JACK KUSABA
WILLIAM MARUMOTO
FORD LIBRARY
R.
MICHUEL MASAOKA
MARTIN MATSUDAIRA
HON. SPARK MATSUNAGA
HON. NORMAN Y. MINETA
HON. PATSY T. MINK
HARRY MIZUNO
-2-
FLOYD MORI
GERRY MUKAI
NOBORU NAKAMURA
STEVEN NAKASHIMA
JOSEPH L. RAUH, JR.
JOE SAGAMI
DALE SHIMASAKI
SHIGEKI SUGIYAMA
DAVID USHIO
SUS UYEDA
ED YAMAMOTA
LIBRARY 1080 8
PROPOSED LIST OF INVITEES FOR RESCINDING
EXECUTIVE ORDER #9066
1. The Honorable Hiram L. Fong
LIBRARY
2. The Honorable Daniel L. Inouye
R.
3. The Honorable Spark Matsunaga
4. The Honorable Norman Y. Mineta - 225-2631
5. The Honorable Patsy T. Mink
Vern Loen
6. Mr. David Ushio
cong. Liaison
National Executive Director
Japanese American Citizens League
Nise: vets
1765 Sutter St.
San Francisco, Cal. 94115
Additions
7. Mr. Shigeki Sugiyama
National President
Japanese American Citizens League
8319 Cushing Court
Brddy Iwata
Springfield, Va. 22153
1211 2nd Street
8. Mr. James Murakami
Levingston, Calif.
National President-Elect
Japanese American Citizens League
95334
2134 Laguna Rd.
Santa Rosa, Cal. 95401
9. Mr. Wayne Horiuchi
Washington Representative
Japanese American Citizens League
1730 Rhode Island Ave. #204 NW
Washington, D. C. 20036
10. Mr. Bill Hosokawa
Associate Editor
Denver Post
140 S. Upham Court
Denver, Colorado 80226
-2 -
11. Mr. Jack Kusaba
Senior Vice President
Sumitomo Bank of California
365 California St.
San Francisco, California 94104
12. Mr. William Marumoto
1025 Connecticut S-907
INTERFACE GROUP LTD.
Washington, D. C. 20036
13. Governor George Ariyoshi
The Executive Office
State of Hawaii
Honolulu, Hawaii
14. Mr. Joseph L. Rauh, Jr.
Counsel
Leadership Conference on Civil Rights
15. Prof. Edwin O. Reischaur
Harvard University
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Note:
On March 11, NBC will show "Farewell to Manzanar", a story which
concerns itself with the Japanese American experience during World War II.
There's an outside chance NBC will agree to a closing statement indicating
Executive Order #9066 was rescinded by President Gerald R. Ford on
February 19th, the 34th anniversary of the Order.
FORD LIBRARY
R.
DINNED
PROPOSED LIST OF INVITEES FOR RESCINDING
EXECUTIVE ORDER #9066
1. The Honorable Hiram L. Fong
2. The Honorable Daniel L. Inouye
3. The Honorable Spark Matsunaga
4. The Honorable Norman Y. Mineta
5. The Honorable Patsy T. Mink
6. Mr. David Ushio
National Executive Director
Japanese American Citizens League
1765 Sutter St.
San Francisco, Cal. 94115
7. Mr. Shigeki Sugiyama
National President
Japanese American Citizens League
8319 Cushing Court
Springfield, Va. 22153
8. Mr. James Murakami
National President-Elect
Japanese American Citizens League
2134 Laguna Rd.
Santa Rosa, Cal. 95401
9. Mr. Wayne Horiuchi
Washington Representative
Japanese American Citizens League
1730 Rhode Island Ave. #204 NW
Washington, D. C. 20036
RIFORD
1898813
10. Mr. Bill Hosokawa
Associate Editor
Denver Post
140 S. Upham Court
Denver, Colorado 80226
-2 -
11. Mr. Jack Kusaba
Senior Vice President
Sumitomo Bank of California
365 California St.
San Francisco, California 94104
12. Mr. William Marumoto
1025 Connecticut S-907
INTERFACE GROUP LTD.
Washington, D. C. 20036
13. Governor George Ariyoshi
The Executive Office
State of Hawaii
Honolulu, Hawaii
14. Mr. Joseph L. Rauh, Jr.
Counsel
Leadership Conference on Civil Rights
15. Prof. Edwin O. Reischaur
Harvard University
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Note:
On March 11, NBC will show "Farewell to Manzanar", a story which
concerns itself with the Japanese American experience during World War II.
There's an outside chance NBC will agree to a closing statement indicating
Executive Order #9066 was rescinded by President Gerald R. Ford on
February 19th, the 34th anniversary of the Order.
FORD LIBRARY
in
GRAND
SCHEDULE PROPOSAL
DATE: February 12, 1976
FROM: Myron B. Kuropas
THRU: William J. Baroody, Jr.
VIA: William H. Nicholson
MEETING:
Signing of Proclamation formally recognizing
Executive Order 9066 as null and void.
DATE:
Thursday, February 19, 1976 - the 34th anniversary
of the original signing.
PURPOSE:
(1) To demonstrate to the Japanese-American
community and to American society in general
that the treatment afforded Japanese Americans
during World War II will never be repeated.
(2) To recognize the contributions of Japanese
FORD
LIBRER
Americans to the war effort, especially the
442nd Regimental Combat Team of Japanese
Americans which became the most decorated
unit of its size in the history of the war.
GERALD
(3) To underscore the many contributions of the
Japanese American community to the strength
and vigor of this country.
FORMAT:
- location: The East Room.
- participants: To include Japanese American
Senators, Congressmen, community leaders
and some 150 citizens.
- expected length of participation: Approximately
30 minutes.
CABINET
The Honorable Edward H. Levi, The Attorney
PARTICIPATION:
General.
SPEECH MATERIAL: To be provided by Bob Orben's office.
PRESS COVERAGE:
Full press, television and photo coverage.
Possibility of TV videotape being attached to
"Farewell to Manzanar, an NBC story depicting
life in Japanese detention camps, scheduled for
broadcast on March 11.
STAFF:
Myron B. Kuropas
- 2 -
RECOMMEND:
William J. Baroody, Jr.
Theodore c. Marrs
Gwen Anderson
OPPOSED:
None
PREVIOUS
PARTICIPATION:
None
BACKGROUND:
In a letter dated November 14, 1975, the Japanese
American Citizens' League (JACL) formally
requested President Gerald R. Ford to rescind
Executive Order 9066 which led to the interment
of some 100,000 Americans of Japanese ancestry
in American relocation camps during World War II.
The JACL letter was accompanied by letters of
support from:
The Honorable Hiram L. Fong
The Honorable Daniel K. Inouye
The Honorable Spark Matsunaga
The Honorable Patsy T. Mink
Mr. William Hosokawa, Associate Editor of the
Denver Post
Mr. Jack Kusaba, Senior Vice President,
Sumitomo Bank of California
Numerous other Japanese-American leaders.
Earlier, some 200 Japanese Americans had
written letters requesting a "rescinding" of the
Executive Order.
APPROVED
DISAPPROVED
0803
LIBRARY
NISEI
The Quiet Americans
BY BILL HOSOKAWA
11
H
William Morrow and Company, Inc.
NEW YORK
1969
FORD LIBRARY
S
413
Proof in Blood
at the cost of his own life and did much to clear the path for his
company's victorious advance."
The citation did not note that Munemori was a Kibei. He had
advanced to technical sergeant when he was assigned to intelligence
training at Camp Savage. There he asked for transfer to a combat
unit even if it meant he had to "take a bust to buck private," and
he was permitted to join the 442nd at Camp Shelby. A troop
transport was named the U.S.S. Pvt. Sadao S. Munemori in his
memory.
One other Nisei has won the Medal of Honor. He is Sgt. Hiroshi
"Hershey" Miyamura, who served briefly with the 442nd. Recalled
into service for the Korean War, he was a member of the 7th
Infantry Division when his company was attacked near Taejon-ni
the night of April 24, 1951. His citation reads: "Corporal Miya-
mura, a machine gun squad leader, aware of the imminent danger
to his men, unhesitatingly jumped from his shelter wielding his
bayonet in close, hand-to-hand combat, killing approximately IO of
the enemy. Returning to his position, he administered first aid to
the wounded and directed their evacuation as another savage
assault hit the line. He manned his machine gun and delivered
withering fire until his ammunition was expended. He ordered the
squad to withdraw, while he remained behind to render the gun
inoperative. He then bayoneted his way through infiltrated enemy
soldiers to a second gun emplacement and assisted in its operation.
When the intensity of the attack necessitated the withdrawal of
the company, Corporal Miyamura ordered his men to fall back
while he remained to cover their movement. He killed more than
50 of the enemy before his ammunition was depleted and he was
severely wounded. He maintained his magnificent stand despite his
painful wounds, continuing to repel the attack until his position
was overrun. When last seen, he was fighting ferociously against
an overwhelming number of enemy soldiers."
Miyamura was captured and spent 29 months in a North Korean
camp. Only after he was repatriated was it announced he had won
the Medal of Honor. President Eisenhower decorated him in
ceremonies at the White House in 1954. Miyamura operates a
service station in Gallup, N.M.
The annals of Nisei military history are replete with tales of
similar heroism and it would be an injustice to relate some here and
UNCLASSIFIED americans
Japanie
UNITED STATES
INFORMATION
AGENCY
Office of Research and Analysis
THE JAPANESE-AMERICAN COMMUNITY
1. IMMIGRATION AND INTEGRATION
2. THE NISEI IN WORLD WAR II
3. THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS
4. SOME UNUSUAL JAPANESE-AMERICANS
5. JAPANESE-AMERICAN MISCELLANY
6.
SOME JAPANESE-AMERICAN LEADERS
U.S. INFORMATION AGENCY
LIBRARY
*
"Americanism is a matter of mind and heart
DOCUMENTS BRANCH
Americanism is not, and never was, a matter 907
of race or ancestry."
Walker-Johnson Bldg.
--Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Special Series No. L-4-59
August 24, 1959
UNCLASSIFIED
- 7 -
4. SOME UNUSUAL JAPANESE-AMERICANS
Hikozo Hamada: First Naturalized Japanese
Hikozo Hamada, a 13-year-old orphan with a love of adventure, was
the first Japanese to become a naturalized American citizen. Hamada
signed on as a sailor aboard a Japanese junk in 1851.
In describing the adventure that followed he later wrote: "I don't
suppose I even dreamt of the existence of other lands. Or if I did, it
was to pity the barbarians who, I may have heard, came every year or so
to trade with us."
Hamada met the "barbarians" under difficult circumstances. His
junk was caught in a severe storm and was drifting helplessly when
Hamada and the rest of the crew were rescued by the American bark
"Auckland." Forty-four days later they went ashore at San Francisco.
Hamada was adopted by Beverly C. Sanders, Collector of the Port of
San Francisco, and took the name of Joseph Hecco. He was naturalized at
the age of 21. Sanders took Hamada to Washington for an interview with
President Franklin Pierce, who offered the boy an appointment to West
Point.
Writing of his interview with "the Supreme Governor of the Nation,"
Hamada said: "How could it be that the head man of a mighty nation like
the United States of America should live in such a simple manner without
any pomp or grandeur? Thus my thoughts ran on, since I knew not then
the institutions of America and the manner of its government."
Hamada died in Japan in 1897. On June 30, 1958, a celebration was
held in Tokyo to observe the 100th anniversary of the granting of American
citizenship to Hamada.
Dr. Tokichi Takamine: Scientist, Champion of Cooperation
Dr. Tokichi Takamine gained international honors for his discoveries
in chemistry and was one of history's most effective advocates of Japanese-
American cooperation.
Dr. Takamine's greatest discovery was the isolation of adrenalin,
the powerful heart stimulant, while working in the United States in 1901.
He had previously introduced artificial phosphate fertilizer from the
United States to Japan. He later invented and patented a process for
producing diastase, a substance used as a medicine and as a fermenting
agent. Leading American pharmaceutical firms produced and marketed his
adrenalin and Taka-Diastase.
- 15 -
Attorneys and Jurists
James Mitsumori: Assistant U.S. Attorney General
Judge John Aiso: Los Angeles Municipal Court
George T. Arai: Seattle attorney
David T. Yokozeki: Los Angeles attorney and movie producer
Entertainers
Yuriko Amemiya: Ballet dancer. Top ballet role, "The King and I"
Sono Osato: Ballet dancer
Pat Suzuki: Singer. Star of "Flower Drum Song"
Artists
Yasuo Kuniyoshi (1893-1953): Artist. Founder and first president,
Artists' Equity Association. Guggenheim Fellowship.
Art teacher. Represented in major U.S. museums
Isamu Noguchi: Sculptor and designer. Stage designs, furniture
designs. Exhibits in U.S., Europe, Japan
George Nakashima: Designer of modern furniture
Yoichi Okamoto: Photo-journalist and lecturer in modern photography
Jack Hirose: Advertising designer, Washington, D.C.
Carl Iwasaki: Photographer
Others
Mike M. Masaoka: Washington, D.C., representative of the Japanese-
American Citizens League
Paul C. Takeda: Manager, Japanese Chamber of Commerce of Southern
California
Jokichi Takamine: Director, Takamine Laboratory, Clifton, N.J.
Eben Takashi Takamine: Director, Takamine Corporation
Col. George Morimoto, Col. Hugo S. Okonogi, Col. Frank Ikuno: U.S. Army
Dr. James Goto: Los Angeles City Commissioner (1955)
Takeo Momita: A director of Calpatria, California Chamber of Commerce
Kenneth Nishamura: Sacramento, California Commander (1957), 25-post
VFW District Council
Wilford C. Tsukiyama: Hawaiian political leader, Republican, and
Senator in the TH Legislature
Mitsuyuki Kido: Hawaiian political leader, Democrat, and realtor
Requested by: IBS/RC
LIBRARY
FORD
GERALD
SOME PROMINENT LIVING JAPANESE AMERICANS
Artists, Architects, Photographers, etc.
Azuma, Morio
Artist, Printmaker. Born in Mie-ken, Japan in 1928, Mr. Azuma
came to the U.S. in 1955 with a scholarship to the Chouinard Art
Institute in Los Angeles, Grants from the Ford Foundation and
the Japan Society made possible further study in New York where
Mr. Asuma continues to reside. His serigraphs (original silk-
screen prints) are to be found in several major American Museum
Collections (The Art Institute of Chicago, Brooklyn and Cleveland
Museums, Library of Congress, etc.) and he has developed a new
technique -- printing on canvas rather than paper -- which has
proved popular with American collectors. Mr. Azuma's prints have
hung in the White House.
Coto, Joseph
Sculptor. Hawaiian born Joseph Goto learned the craft of welding
while repairing barges and water tanks for Army and Navy engineers
during World War II. Arriving in Chicago in 1947 to study painting,
he discovered an allergy to turpentine which forced him to turn to
sculpture instead as an outlet for his talent. His welded metal
sculpture is to be found in many important public and private
collections and the eminent critic Dore Ashton has called him "one
of the few mature and forseful sculptors of his generation."
Nakashima, George
Designer and furniture manufacturer. A native of Seattle, Washington,
Mr. Nakashima now resides in New Hope, Pa., where he designs and
makes furniture to order. Some of his designs are also manufactured
by Knoll Associates. He has received many honors, among them the
craftsmanship medal of the American Institute of Architects.
Noguchi, Isamu
Sculptor. Born in Los Angeles, Nov. 7, 1904. Nogushi's work may
be found in the permanent collections of such distinguished
institutions as the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Whitney Museum
of American Art and the Museum of Modern Art. He is a member of
the National Institute of Arts and Letters.
Okamoto, Yoichi
Photographer. Born in Yonkers and a graduate of Colgate University,
Mr. Okamoto began his career on the Syracuse Post-Standard newspaper.
During World War II he served as photographic officer for General
Mark Clark. In 1954 he joined the USIA Washington staff and in
August of 1961 he covered a trip made by then Vice President Lyndon B.
Johnson. When Mr. Johnson became President, Okamoto was assigned to
the White House where he photographed and amassed the most extensive
pictorial record of any administration in history.
Okamura, Arthur
Painter. Born at Long Beach, California, Feb. 24, 1932. Studied
at the Art Institute of Chicago and at Yale. Okamura has had several
one-man shows at major West Coast miseums, among them the Legion of
Honor Museum in San Francisco (1961) and the Oakland Museum of Art
(1959).
Yamasaki, Minoru
Architect. Born in Seattle, Dec. 1, 1912. Yamasaki is a partner
in the Detroit firm of Yamasaki, Leinweber and Associates. Since
1949, when the firm was established, he has designed many buildings,
among them the widely praised McGregor Conference Center on the
Wayne State University campus and the Reynolds Metals Co. Building
(both included in the Agency's "Architecture USA" exhibit).
Yanasaki has won numerous awards and prizes both here and abroad.
He designed the U.S. Science Pavillion at the Seattle World's Fair
and his New York World Trade Center is now under construction.. For
the Voice of America Forum Series, Mr. Yamasaki discussed "American
Architecture and the Traditional Architecture of Japan."
Business and Professional Men
Ishikawa, Samuel
Public Relations Consultant. Born, Oakland, California, 1922;
educated Earlham College (A.B.) and Harvard University. Mr. Ishikava
has worked for the American Friends Service Committee and the
Japanese American Citizens League. He is currently the New York
based partner of Masaoka-Ishikawa and Associates which handles
American public relations matters for many major Japanese companies.
Takahashi, Frank Yasushi
Chicago Accountant. Born, Santa Monica, California, Dec. 28, 1918.
President, Gal, Takahashi and Co., CPA's 1949 -- Director, Admiral
Steel Corp., La Salle St. Investment Advisors Inc., Hyde Park Fed.
Savings and Loan, etc. Auditor, Village of Alsip, ILL., 1952-58.
Active in community affairs, Chicago.
Tsukahira, Toshio George
Foreign Service Officer. Born at Los Angeles, Dec. 22, 1915.
Educated at UCLA and Harvard (PhD, 1951). Prior to joining the
Foreign Service, Dr. Tsubahira taught history at Harvard and the
University of California. From 1955 to 1960 he served as a research
specialist at the State Department, and then joined the Foreign
Service and was assigned to the U.S. Embassy in Tokyo. He has
served in Japan in various capacities since that time and is
currently the principal officer at Fukucks.
Community Leaders
Encrato, Jerry J.
National President of the Japanese-American Citizens League, 1966-70.
Born in San Francisco, nov lives in Sacramento, where he is Chief of
Classification Services at the Central Office of the California
Department of Corrections.
Kido, Saburo
Los Angeles attorney and former publisher of "Shin Hichibei."
Recently awarded the Order of the Sacred Treasure 4th class by the
government of Japan for service in promoting Japanese culture,
economy and understanding, Mr. Kido was one of the founders of the
Japanese American Citizens League,
Masaoka, Mike
Lobbyist. Born in Fresno, California, 1915; educated University of
Utah (B.A., 1937). Mr. Masaoka is the author of the Japanese American
Creed (Congressional Record May 9, 1941) and has headed the Washington
Office of the Japanese American Citizens League since his discharge
from the U.S. Army in 1945. He has been influential in achieving many
of the legislative goals of that organization and he was recently
awarded the Order of the Rising Sun, 3rd class, one of the highest
orders the Japanese government can bestow, for "his great contribution
in the field of civil rights and equal social status for Japanase in
the United States and Americans of Japanese ancestry." Mr. Masaoka is
a partner in the Public Relations firm of Masaoka, Ishikawa and
Associates which has offices in Washington and New York City.
Miyamura, Hiroshi
Congressional Medal of Honor Winner for "indomitable heroism"
demonstrated in Korea in April 1951. Miyamura spent 28 months in a
North Korean prison camp, and it was only upon his release that the
announcement of the eward was made. He is a native of Gallup,
New Mexico.
Togasaki, Kiyoshi
President of Rotary International, with headquarters in Evanston,
Illinois. Mr. Togaseld has been described as a "world citizen."
He was born in San Francisco, educated at the University of California,
but has lived much of his adult life in Japan (due to pre-war American
immigration restrictions against his Japanese-born wife). In Japan
Gakushuin
he became president and chairman of the English Language Japan Times,
a director of the Japanese Newspaper Editors and Publishers Associa-
tion, a trustee of Gakushium University in Tokyo and honorary chairman
of the Board of Trustees of International Christian University. In
1966 he vas decorated by the Japanese government for his contimuing
work in furthering Japanese-American relations.
15
Scholars, Educators
Coto, Y. (asuo) Baron
Educator and consultant to governments and industry. Formerly
Senior Professor of Agriculture, University of Hawaii, now Vice
Chancellor, the Institute of Technical Interchange of the East
West Center, Honolulu, Dr. Goto vas born in Japan in 1901, came
to the United States in 1902, and was naturalized in 1945. He
has served as Alternate U.S. Commissioner on the South Pacific
Commission since 1964.
Hayakawa, S. (amuel) I. (chiye)
Acting President, San Francisco State College. Dr. Hayakawa's
scholarly field is Semantics. He has been Editor of ETC: A Review
of General Semantics since 1943, and is the author of many books in
the field, among them Language in Action and Symbol, Status and
Personality. (nota: Dr. Hayakawa came to the U.S. in 1929 from
Canada where he was born. He lives in San Francisco but may still
retain Canadian citizenship).
Masaoka, Joe Grant
Administrator, the Japanese American Research Project, University
of California at Los Angales. (For a discussion of the project
see p.8.
Tsuneishi, Warren
Librarian, scholar. Dr. Tsuneishi, Chief of the Orientalia Division
of the Library of Congress, holds advanced degrees in Japanese
literature, librarianship, and political science from Columbia and
Yale Universities. In his present position he has custody of the
largest collection of Chinese and Japanese materials outside the
Orient. Dr. Tsuneishi came to the Library of Congress from the Yale
University Library where he vas curator of the East Asian Collection.
His book, Jacanese Political Style: An Introduction to the
Government and Politics of Modern Japan, was published by Harper's
in 1966.
Yamagiwa, Joseph K.
University Professor. Born at Seattle, Sept. 9, 1906, Dr. Yamagiwa
holds a Ph.D from the University of Michigan (1942) and has been a
member of its faculty since 1937. He has served as Chairman of its
Department of Far Eastern Languages and Literatures and as Director
of the Linguistic Institute. He is author of many books and articles
on the Japanese language, Dr. Yamagiwa was Educational Director of
the Army's Japanese Language School from 1943 to 1946, and has
subsequently lectured abroad and participated in various inter-
national conferences.
LIBRARY
PACIFI
JAC
NATIONAL
ITIZEN
Membership Publication: Japanese American Citizens League, 125 Weller St., Los Angeles, Calif. 90012; (213) MA 6-6936
Published Weekly Except First and Last Weeks of the Year Second Class Postage Paid at Los Angeles, Calif.
VOL. 82 NO. 8
FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 1976
Subscription Rate per Year
15 CENTS
U.S. $7. Foreign $11
Exec. Order 9066 erased
(Special to The Pacific Citizen)
panese American Citizens
In accepting the proclama-
WASHINGTON - President
League, only national organ-
tion on behalf of the 30,000
Nisei civil service worker seeks
Gerald R. Ford formally re-
ization representing Amer-
JACL members, Sugiyama
scinded Executive Order 9066
icans of Japanese ancestry. It
expressed gratitude to Mr.
of 1942 in a proclamation
was accepted by JACL na-
Ford for his understanding of
signed this past week (Feb.
tional president Shigeki J. Su-
the need to officially and pub-
retirement credit for stay in camp
19) before a group of Japa- giyama, Springfield, Va.; na-
licly rescind Executive Order
nese American leaders who
tional executive director Dav-
9066 and for his recognition
witnessed the signing in the
id E. Ushio, San Francisco;
as the Nation's chief execu-
Cabinet Room of the White and Washington Representa-
tive of the grave and sad mis-
OAKLAND, Calif.-A number
ent law which only provides
)
of bills appear in Congress
credit to any federal em-
calling for crediting of time
ployee as of July 15, 1952.
spent by Japanese Americans
Public support is needed,
in World War II internment
Ono said, to get the measure
and detention camps under
onto the floor. Those wishing
the Federal Civil Service Re-
to seek additional information
tirement System, according to
may write him at 3814 Ran-
Rep. Norman Mineta (D-
dolph Ave., Oakland 94602, or
)
Calif.). who is author of one,
with any of the legislators
HR 8823.
who have introduced bills on
was Long Overdue, Long
By BILL HOSOKAWA
WASHINGTON-The United States is a nation
After the signing President Ford shook hands
governed by laws. Sometimes the law, as Mr.
This opinion column is by The Denver Post's
with each of some 25 prominent Japanese
Bumble said in Charles Dickens' Pickwick
associate editor.
Americans who had come to Washington for the
Papers, "is a ass, a idiot."
ceremony.
individual American, and resolve that this kind of
Among them were doctors and lawyers and
The law known as Executive Order 9066 falls in
action shall never again be repeated."
architects, two members of the California state
that category.
legislature where historically some of the most
FEB 26 1976
Japanese american
JACL
CITIZENS LeaGUe
UNITY
NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS: 1765 Sutter Street
San Francisco, California 94115
(415) 921-5225
REGIONAL OFFICES: Washington, D.C./Chicago/San Francisco/Los Angeles/Portland/Fresno
THROUGH
David E. Ushio, National Executive Director
February 24, 1976
Mr. Myron Kuropas
Special Assistant to the President
The White House
Washington, D. C.
Dear Myron:
On behalf of the National Japanese American Citizens League may I express our deep
appreciation for the work that you did in making the repeal of Executive Order
9066 a reality and a success. I am sure that President Ford made many thousands
of friends in the Japanese American and Asian American communities when he rescinded
EO 9066 this past week. His comments were carried nationally both on network news
and AP and UPI wires. We have received many comments and clippings from throughout
the United States from friends within our organization indicating that their local
newspapers and TV and radio stations played extensively this ceremony. From a public
relations standpoint I think that this particular event was a smashing success.
I know that this could never have come about except for your participation and your
special concern in this area. I want you to know, Myron, that we really appreciate
what you did to make this all happen.
I hope that we can get copies of the various photographs that have been taken at this
event and also about 500 copies of the official proclamation which we can distribute
to many of the friends and supporters of the Japanese American Citizens League
throughout the nation.
I would like to follow up also with you regarding a filmed greeting from the
President of the United States to our National Convention in Sacramento as we discussed.
I look forward to a long and pleasant relationship with you in your efforts at the
White House.
With warmest personal regards and deepest admiration.
Sincerely,
FORD & LIBRARY
Dane
David Ushio
National Executive Director
DEU:gy
CC: Wayne Horiuchi
Better Americans in a Greater America
FEB 25 1976
WASHINGTON OFFICE
JACL
JAPANESE AMERICAN CITIZENS LEAGUE
THROUGH UNITYD
1730 RHODE ISLAND AVENUE. N.W.
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20036
(202) 223-1240
NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS. JACL
DAVID E. USHIO, NATIONAL DIRECTOR
1765 POST STREET
WAYNE K. HORIUCHI
SAN FRANCISCO. CALIFORNIA 94115
WASHINGTON REPRESENTATIVE
(415) 921-5225
February 23, 1976
Dr. Myron Kuropas
Special Assistant to the President
on Ethnic Affairs
The White House
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20500
Dear Myron,
On behalf on the Japanese American Citizens League, I
wanted to thank you for your highly committed effort and support
which you gave to us in terminating the authority of Executive
Order 9066.
You were a substantial part of that historical event which
meant so much to Japanese Americans.
Only an individual who is sensitive and concerned about
ethnics and minorities, such as yourself, could have done such
an effective job.
Please continue the good work. JACL is proud to have such
a friend.
All good things to you,
Wayne K. Horiuchi
FORD LIBRASY
Washington Representative
WKH/llc
FOR BETTER AMERICANS IN A GREATER AMERICA
THE PRESIDENT
7741
PROCLAMATION 4417
An American Promise
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation
In this Bicentennial Year, we are commemorating the anniversary dates of many
of the great events in American history. An honest reckoning, however, must include
a recognition of our national mistakes as well as our national achievements. Learning
from our mistakes is not pleasant, but as a great philosopher once admonished, we
must do so if we want to avoid repeating them.
February 19th is the anniversary of a sad day in American history. It was on that
date in 1942, in the midst of the response to the hostilities that began on December 7,
1941, that Executive Order No. 9066 was issued, subsequently enforced by the
criminal penalties of a statute enacted March 21, 1942, resulting in the uprooting of
loyal Americans. Over one hundred thousand persons of Japanese ancestry were
removed from their homes, detained in special camps, and eventually relocated.
The tremendous effort by the War Relocation Authority and concerned Amer-
icans for the welfare of these Japanese-Americans may add perspective to that story,
but it does not erase the setback to fundamental American principles. Fortunately,
the Japanese-American community in Hawaii was spared the indignities suffered
by those on our mainland.
We now know what we should have known then-not only was that evacuation
wrong, but Japanese-Americans were and are loyal Americans. On the battlefield
and at home, Japanese-Americans-names like Hamada, Mitsumori, Marimoto,
Noguchi, Yamasaki, Kido, Munemori and Miyamura-have been and continue to be
written in our history for the sacrifices and the contributions they have made to the
well-being and security of this, our common Nation.
The Executive order that was issued on February 19, 1942, was for the sole
purpose of prosecuting the war with the Axis Powers, and ceased to be effective with
the end of those hostilities. Because there was no formal statement of its termination,
however, there is concern among many Japanese-Americans that there may yet be
some life in that obsolete document. I think it appropriate, in this our Bicentennial
Year, to remove all doubt on that matter, and to make clear our commitment in the
future.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, GERALD R. FORD, President of the United States
of America, do hereby proclaim that all the authority conferred by Executive Order
No. 9066 terminated upon the issuance of Proclamation No. 2714, which formally
proclaimed the cessation of the hostilities of World War II on December 31, 1946.
I call upon the American people to affirm with me this American Promise-that
we have learned from the tragedy of that long-ago experience forever to treasure.
liberty and justice for each individual American, and resolve that this kind of action
\shall never again be repeated.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this nineteenth day
of February in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred seventy-six, and of the Inde-
pendence of the United States of America the two hundredth.
Gerall R. Ford
[FR .76-5141 Filed 2-19-76;1:27 pm]
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 41, NO. 35-FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 1976
Stories appeared on: ABC and CBS Evening News and the Today Show
on February 19 and 20, 1976
Stories also ran in most every major newspaper in the country
1
The Washington Post
ANINDEPENDENT NEWSPAPER
FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 1976
Ford Ends WW II
Relocation Order
Pledging that this kind
of error shall never be
made again," President
Ford yesterday formally
lifted the executive order
that sent 112,000 Japanese-
Americans into relocation
camps during World War
II.
LIBRARY GERALD FORM
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 1976
REVIEW & OUTLOOK
About Time
One of the fundamental problems World War II order under which
with government is an inertia about
112,000 Japanese-Americans were
correcting past mistakes. The em-
interned. Not that anyone wants to
intern Japanese-Americans today
phasis is always on new rules and
but the continued existence of such
THE
SUN
BALTIMORE, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 1976
AP
President Ford shakes hands with Senator Daniel Inouye (D., Hawaii) before signing pro-
clamation nullifying World War II internment order. Others from left are Attorney Gen-
eral Edward Levi, Representative Patsy Mink (D., Hawaii) and two unidentifed men.
Internment order is nullified
Washington (AP)-President Ford yester-
Truman declared the end of World War II hos-
day signed a proclamation that he said should
tilities, which effectively nullified the order.
have been enacted years ago nullifying the But some Japanese-Americans were concerned
WASHINGTON OFFICE
JACL
JAPANESE AMERICAN CITIZENS LEAGUE
UNITYD
1730 RHODE ISLAND AVENUE. N.W.
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20036
(202) 223-1240
FORD
NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS. JACL
DAVID E. USHIO-NATIONAL DIRECTOR
1765-POST STREET
WAYNE K. HORIUCHI
R.
SAN FRANCISCO. CALIFORNIA 94115
WASHINGTON REPRESENTATIVE
GERALD
(415) 921-5225
February 19, 1976
PRESIDENT GERALD R. FORD SIGNS PROCLAMATION RESCINDING EXECUTIVE
ORDER NO. 9066
Today in special ceremonies in the Cabinet Room of the White
House President Gerald R. Ford issued a proclamation entitled,
"An American Promise," which officially and formally rescinded
Executive Order No. 9066. President Ford presented the proclamation
to the Japanese American Citizens League (JACL) the only national
organization representing Americans of Japanese ancestry.
The National JACL's top officials, National President
Mr. Shigeki Sugiyama of Springfield, Virginia, National Executive
Director David Ushio of San Francisco, and Washington Representative
Wayne Horiuchi of Washington, D. C. accepted the proclamation on
behalf of the JACL.
They were joined by leading members of the Japanese American
community, including national, state and local Japanese American
elected officials, Japanese American community and business leaders
from throughout the United States.
The rescinding of Executive Order 9066 comes on the 34th
anniversary of the day in 1942 when President Roosevelt initially
issued this instrument which provided for the forced internment of
more than 110,000 United States residents, three-fourths of whom
FOR BETTER AMERICANS IN A GREATER AMERICA
Page two
Press Release
were American Citizens. In accepting President Ford's proclamation,
Mr. Sugiyama, speaking on behalf of the 30,000 members of the Japanese
American Citizens League and on behalf of more than 600,000 Americans
of Japanese ancestry, expressed gratitude to President Ford for his
understanding of the need to officially and publicly rescind the
Executive Order and for his recognition as the Nation's chief executive
of the grave and sad mistake which occurred through the issuance of
this Order.
Mr. Sugiyama also indicated his deep regret that well over three
decades | had to have passed before the Executive Order 9066 was officially
rescinded. "Nevertheless", Mr. Sugiyama said, "if we had to have waited
this long for a formal statement of its termination, it is fitting
that it should occur during our National Bicentennial Year. While
Executive Order 9066 was a bitter tragedy for the Japanese Americans,
it was also a grievous stain on the fabric of our entire National
heritage. For this reason all Americans, regardless of ancestry or
ethnic origin, can feel a sense of gratitude in the issuance of
President Ford's proclamation."
Many of the civic leaders who gathered in the Cabinet Room to
witness the signing of the proclamation were among the victims of
Executive Order 9066 including Dr. Terry T. Hayashi of Berkeley,
California who today at age 85 is still practicing dentistry in
California. Dr. Hayashi recalled "In looking back to those early
days following the outbreak of war between the United States and
Japan we can see that President Roosevelt took the action he did in
a time of great National trauma and in a climate of a curious hysteria.
In closer examination and in reflection on our National character
we can also perceive that there was a critical degree of racism in
Page three
Press Release
the attitudes of the time during which President Roosevelt felt compelled
to issue his Order. Some may say that today there is no need for an
official recision of the Order in that its legal authority was ended
with the conclusion of the hostilities of World War II on December 31,
1946.
"However, the experience of the Japanese Americans denies this,
for Executive Order 9066 was in actuality the greatest single abridge-
ment of civil rights and human liberties to occur in this century.
Japanese Americans, like all minorities have suffered the bitter
sting and stigma of racism, fear and denial of opportunity. With the
forced relocation of 110,000 men, women and children, American citizens
of Japanese heritage suffered enormous economic loss. It is generally
concluded that less than 10% of the actual value of their property
was ever restored."
"Beyond this", according to Wayne Horiuchi, JACL Washington
Representative, who worked closely with the White House in planning
this event, " these loyal Americans endured imprisonment, physical
deprivation, enormous emotional stress and the day-to-day squalor
of the internment camps, many of which were located in the most
inhospitable regions of this country. More than anything else, however,
these Americans suffered the incalcuable humiliation of being considered
as traitors to their country. This, despite the fact that not a
single incident of treason or sabatoge on the part of a Japanese American
was ever recorded throughout World War II. This, despite the fact,
that more than 25,000 Japanese Americans served with great distinction
in the United States Armed Forces during the War. Indeed the 442
Combat Team, an all-Japanese American fighting unit in Europe, suffered
more casualties and won more citations for valor than any other unit
Page four
Press Release
Of comparable size and length of service in the Army's history. "
Japanese American Army veterans of the 442 Regimental Combat
Team present at the White House ceremony included U.S. Senator
Daniel K. Inouye, Congressman Spark Matsunaga, Mr. Joe Sagami,
an official of the Nisei veterans organization, Mr. Paul Bannai,
a California State Assemblyman, Mr. Mike Masaoka, who had the
distinction of being the first person to volunteer for the 442nd
Regimental Combat Team in World War II.
Not all those present at the ceremony could remember the
tragedy of World War II from first hand experience.
David E. Ushio, the National Executive Director of JACL was
born at the conclusion of World War II in 1945. Now as the staff
executive of the 100 chapter National human rights group, Ushio
remarks, "Young people continually ask me how such a thing could have
occurred in America. Yet American history repeatedly indicates to
us how fragile our liberties and constitutional guarantees can be and
continue to be for many groups in America. Because Japanese Americans
have experienced a blatant disregard for our civil rights, we have
even a greater obligation to protect the rights of all persons when
they are threatened." Ushio continued, "Because the scars of these
old wounds remain to this day, it has been of surpassing importance
to every Japanese American Citizen that Executive Order 9066 be
officially rescinded. Patriotism is a love of one's country,
but with this love must come the responsibility to acknowledge our
errors when they have occurred and to take every measure possible
FORD
LIBRARY
GERALD
Page five
Press Release
not only to correct these errors but to erradicate the very means
by which they occurred. This has now been done and we can now focus on
the future of our great Nation and reaffirm those values and traditions
which have contributed to America's greatness. In this endeavor,
as we begin America's third century, I want it to be known that every
American of Japanese heritage is fully dedicated to this grand enterprise."
"30"
PROPOSED LIST OF INVITEES FOR SIGNING OF
PROCLAMATION RELATING TO EXECUTIVE ORDER
NO. 9066, 11:30 A.M. -- OVAL OFFICE, THURSDAY,
FEBRUARY 19, 1976
Governor George Ariyoshi - Honolulu, Hawaii
Hon. Paul Bannai - Gardena, California
STEPHEN DOI- San Francisco, California
WES DOI- San Francisco, California
HON. HIRAM L. FONG - Honolulu, Hawaii
ROSS HARANO - Chicago, Illinois
DR. TERRY HAYASHI - Berkeley, California
WAYNE HORIUCHI - Washington, D.C.
WILLIAM HOSOKAWA - Denver, Colorado
HON. DANIEL . INOUYE - Honolulu, Hawaii
HELEN KAWAGOE - Carson City, California
MITS KAWAMOTO - Omaha, Nebraska
JACK KUSABA - San Francisco, California
WILLIAM MARUMOTO - Washington, D.C.
MICHUEL MASAOKA - Washington, D.C.
MARTIN MATSUDAIRA - Seattle, Washington
HON. SPARK MATSUNAGA- Honolulu, Hawii
HON. NORMAN Y. MINETA - San Jose, California
HON. PATSY T. MINK- Waipahu, Hawaii
HARRY MIZUNO- Chicago, Illinois
-2
FLOYD MORI - Pleasanton, Illinois
GERRY MUKAI - Salt Lake City, Utah
NOBORU NAKAMURA- - Orinda, California
STEVEN NAKASHIMA- - San Jose, California
JOSEPH L. RAUH, JR. - Washington, D.C.
JOE SAGAMI - Chicago, Illinois
DALE SHIMASAKI- Haywood, California
SHIGEKI SUGIYAMA - Springfield, Virginia
DAVID USHIO - San Francisco, California
SUS UYEDA- Washington, D.C.
ED YAMAMOTA - Moses Lake, Washington
FORD
LIBRARY
GERALD