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Press Statements (News Summaries), 9/28/1976
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Press Statements (News Summaries), 9/28/1976
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The original documents are located in Box 18, folder "Press Statements (News Summaries),
9/28/1976" of the Michael Raoul-Duval Papers at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
Copyright Notice
The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of
photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Michael Raoul-Duval donated to the
United States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives
collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in
the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are
presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject
to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
Some items in this folder were not digitized because it contains copyrighted
materials. Please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library for access to
these materials.
News Comment
LIBRARY GERALD R. FORD
The President's Daily News Summary
FOR TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 28, 1976
Leading The News
Page
FOREIGN POLICY
Africa
HAK Plan Still Alive
AP, UPI, Networks
1
The African Situation
Eric Sevareid, CBS
2,3
U.S. Oil Dependence Reset
AP, UPI, NBC, CBS
3
Plan Likely to Survive Black African
W.S. Journal
4
Rejection of Some Aspects
Southern Africa's New Climate
L.A. Times
5
FORD/DOLE CAMPAIGN
Strategy
Ford Presents Crusade Against Crime
AP, UPI, Networks
7,8
Momentum Still With Ford
C.S. Monitor
9
Campaign Probe
Jaworski: No Cause for Further Probe
AP, UPI, CBS
10
Dole Implies Probe Politically Motivated
CBS
10
Is Prosecutor in China Shop?
Chicago Tribune
11
Image
Chancellor Says Ford Looks Better
NBC
12
First Family
Mike Ford: Playboy Interview Not That Bad ABC, CBS
13
Mrs. Dole
Library of Congress: Mrs. Dole's
UPI
13
Campaigning Legal
CARTER/MONDALE CAMPAIGN
Issues
Carter Raps Ford on Unemployment
AP, UPI, Networks
14,15
Labor Starts Push for Carter --
Phila. Inquirer
16,17
with Reservations
Strategy
Carter Fighting to Keep Lead
C.S. Monitor
18
Playboy Interview
Carter's Use of Vulgarism Poses Problem
Chicago Tribune
19
Plaid Bad for Chameleons
Chicago Tribune
20
Chance to Wink, Snicker and Grin
Chicago Tribune
21
ii
Page
DEBATES
Finally, the Caboose
L.A. Times
22
Reaction
Our Man Survives Great Debate,
W.S. Journal
23,24
Is Glad It's All Over
Panel of Debate Coaches Picks Ford, 4-1
Balto. News-Amrcn.
25,26
Rating
Nielson Releases Debate Rating
AP,ABC
28
ELECTION
GOP-Demo Workers Differ in Views
NBC
28
Issues
What Non-Voters Want
Baltimore Sun
29
ECONOMY
International Trade Deficit Up
AP, UPI, ABC
30
Voters See Little Economic Improvement
ABC
30
American Family's Wallet -- About
C.S. Monitor
31
What It Was Like in 1967
U.S.
Jack Anderson Sues Nixon
AP,CBS
32
PRESIDENCY
Ford: What to Expect if He's Elected
C.S. Monitor
33,34
FOREIGN POLICY
Africa
1
Kissinger Plan Still Alive
The Rhodesian plan negotiated by Sec. Kissinger may be
shaky, but it still is alive, following objections from five
African leaders, a State Department official said Monday.
"The African presidents have accepted the overall package,"
Undersecretary William Rogers told a news conference. But Rogers
said several crucial points will have to be reopened for bargaining.
State Department officials said Monday they had heard
privately from the African presidents assuring the U.S. that
their statement was not a rejection of the negotiating process
and insisting they simply want a conference to work out details
of an interim government without pre-conditions, Barrie Dunsmore
reported. (ABC)
"What apparently happened is that Kissinger gave Smith a
package the principles of which he knew were acceptable to the
Africans but with details that had been discussed but not formally
approved," Dunsmore said.
Kissinger met with Prime Minister of Tanzania Monday
who reportedly explained in person the black African presidents
did not reject the American-British peace plan for Rhodesia.
In an NBC interview, Kissinger suggested the African
presidents were talking for domonstirc consumption when they
expressed opposition for some part of the plan.
Kissinger said, "One has to understand that each of these
leaders has his own constituency. For African leaders to say
that they express the proposals of Smith is almost impossible.
They have indicated that certain things they want to negotiate.
They have indicated they have made no pre-conditions. We have
received messages today from three of those leaders who attended
the meeting stressing that they think matters are on track and
that they're looking forward to early negotiations. So I think
we should cut through the rhetoric and look at the real issues
and there is going to be a lot of rhetoric in the next few weeks. " (NBC
(This excerpt was taken from an interview done by Richard
Valeriani and Tom Jarriel to be shwon on the Today Show Tuesday.)
Valeriani said, "Kissinger believes that the plan could still
break down in such radical states as Mozambique and Angola
In
order to set up an anti-Western regime there or if South African
Prime Minister John Vortster comes under such heavy pressure from
his right wing that he has to stop putting the squeeze on Rhodesia.
But as of now, Kissinger expects that actual negotiations will get
underway fairly soon. (NBC) AP, UPI, Networks -- (9/27/76)
FOREIGN POLICY
Africa
2
The African Situation
(By Eric Sevareid, CBS)
Serious diplomacy in this age of world-wide communications
is conducted publicly as well as privately. At the moment, what
we are seeing at this stage of negotiating over the white vs.
black, peace vs. war contest for southern Africa is public
diplomacy.
First, Rhodesia's white Prime Minister announced his
acceptance to the British-American program for the end of white
rule there. Next, the so-called Frontline country presidents
in the region publicly announced what seemed to be a rejection
of the program. Then, today the State Department publicly affirmed
that they had not at all rejected the plan. At this time, the
private has been made public
private letters coming in now
from those mostly moderate African leaders which assure the
American administration that indeed they have not rejected
the plans.
Each of those have to do a balancing act with their own
people so fragmented are the various political movements in
southern
Africa.
What
would appear to be automatically and
unquestionally of taking a white Rhodesian Prime Minister at
his own word.
Now there is some slight worry here, though it appears
to be only slight, that Prime Minister Ian Smith will use
a negative-sounding black statement as an excuse to back
down on his own acceptance of the program.
Black rule objecting only to the location of the
preliminary conference to work out construction of an interim
government for Rhodesia.
And
white
and
black
occupying
certain posts in the interim regime. All that is negotiable.
In the background are the radical black militants,
encouraged by the Soviets, who want either no peace plan at
all or who want a constitutional convention to precede an
interim government. That would
over a long period in which
the
could take over much of Rhodesia's territory.
But the educated guess in Washington now is that the
chances for peaceful negotiations going forward reducing the
risks of spreading race war are about six to four in favor.
The odds may look even better by Oct. 6 when President Ford
will debate his foreign policy with Jimmy Carter.
One thing that would have to be done immediately is
for Administration officials to persuade many suspicious black
American groups that this is no trick to perpetuate white rule
in Rhodesia and the 2-year transition period to majority rule
is not too long.
FOREIGN POLICY
Africa
3
Unhappy surprises are always possible. So
far
as
one
can now see, Secretary Kissinger has indeed put on the tracks
a peaceful negotiating vehicle, originated by the British, must
now take over the driver's seat. CBS -- (9/27/76)
U.S. Oil Dependence Reset; Saudi Arabia Denies Embargo
The nation's dependence on foreign fuels continued to
increase this year with oil imports up 16.7 percent in the first
six months, the FEA says.
The findings, in FEA's latest monthly statistics,
coincided with published reports -- denied by the State Dept. --
that Saudi Arabia was threatening a new oil embargo if the U.S.
Congress adopts legislation unfavorable to the Arab economic
boycott of Israel.
Saudi Arabia Monday flatly denied it is considering a new
oil embargo against the U.S., but not before the Administration
intervened to stop Congress from killing a proposed $30 million
missile deal with that nation.
The development took place as Congress neared final action
on legislation designed to weaken the Arab boycott of Israel by
forbidding U.S. firms from participating in that or any other
international boycott. The bill is expected to pass Congress
quickly. Some Administration officials say the way to fight
the boycott is through diplomacy and they are urging President
Ford to veto it, Irving R. Levine reported. (NBC)
The report that Saudi Arabia might reimpose the oil embargo
it lowered during the 1973 Arab-Israeli war originated with a
Middle East news agency report from Washington Sunday saying the
threat was made to Assistant Treasury Sec. Gerald Parsky. Parsky
and the State Dept. both denied it Monday.
A few hours before the denials were made, the Senate, at
the urging of Vice President Rockefeller, temporarily scrapped a
resolution to kill the proposed sale of 650 Maverick air-to-ground
missiles to Saudi Arabia. AP,UPI,NBC,CBS -- (9/27/76)
FOREIGN POLICY
Interim Regime
Perhaps more significant, though, is that
Rhodesian Peace Plan Likely to Survive
neither side rejected the idea of forming an
interim regime of black and white Rhode-
sians for a two-year transition to majority
Black African Rejection of Some Aspects
(black) rule. Further diplomatic scurrying
probably will resolve the latest difficulties
and keep the peace plan on track.
The other issue involves ending the guer-
One inducement for the white Rhodesian
By ROBERT KEATLEY
Staff Reporter of THE WALL STREET JOURNAL
rilla war in Rhodesia. Mr. Smith said he has
capitulation is a Kissinger promise of major
WASHINGTON i The Rhodesian peace
"assurances" from Secretary Kissinger that
economic aid to Rhodesia. This involves an
plan negotiated last week by Secretary of
fighting will stop. soon. The black leaders
international program, to be funded by the
said it won't stop as long as whites dominate
U.S., Britain, South Africa, France, West
State Henry Kissinger has run into trouble.
the Rhodesian government. However, they
Germany and perhaps others, which will
But it probably will survive as the outline of
a settlement for black-white political dis-
mightn't have given equal attention to Mr.
have two main objectives.
First it will provide canital and technical
Some other Rhodesian blacks-Mr. Nko-
W.S. Journal, 9-27-76
mo's rivals-have rejected the Kissinger
plan, but it's believed they command limited
support within Rhodesia itself.
FOREIGN POLICY
5
Southern Africa's New Climate
There is new hope for a peaceful settlement of
tionalists, however. Yet. if they are not accepted,
the Rhodesian question. and with it renewed hope
the very act of rejection will raise fundamental
for the peaceful settlement or some of the other
questions about the capacity of the black national-
problems of southern Africa. That is no small ac-
ists to enter useful constitutional negotiations.
L.A. Times,
9/27/76
FOREIGN POLICY
Charlotte
Observer,
9/22/76
Charlotte
Observer,
9/22/76
FORD/DOLE CAMPAIGN
Strategy
7
Ford Presents Crusade Against Crime
President Ford said Monday in Miami that a crusade against
crime, including a drive to jail career criminals and "violent
and street-wise" youthful offenders, would keynote the first
100 days of a new term if he wins the election.
Ford said the voters should and will check their ballots
on Nov. 2 "and identify those candidates who have demonstrated
indifference or permissiveness toward crime
Ford's appearance in Miami closed out his three-day
campaign swing through the deep Souty, and he was to return
to Washington later Monday.
In a stern law-and-order speech to more than 2,000
policemen, Ford accused Congress of inaction on his own crime-
fighting proposals and said: "I serve notice today that a top
priority of the first 100 days, beginning with Innauguration Day
for the Ford Administration next January, will be the rallying
of America behind anti-crime legislation." (AP)
The President said more progress could be made against
crime if Congress would pass the programs he has proposed.
Ford said: "We cannot count in dollars. We cannot count in
cents the loss of a single citizen who is murdered, the humilia-
tion on who's raped, the pain of one who is assaulted. It is
time to give the streets back to the law-abiding citizens and
to put the criminals behind bars. " (ABC/CBS)
Ford continued: "I've called for legislation increasing
the number of federal judges. I called for compensation for
victims of federal crimes. The Congress has done nothing.
American voters will examine their ballots in November and
identify those candidates who have demonstrated indifference
or permissiveness toward crime and they should." (NBC/CBS)
Bob Schieffer reported that the speech brought one of
the most enthusiastic responses of the trip. (CBS)
The President also shook hands with FBI Director Clarence
Kelley. The President had been priased at the convention for
not firing Kelley. (NBC)
The President later visited a Catholic nursing home in
North Miami where he promised more attention to the needs of the
elderly. Tom Jarriel said at times there were emotional en-
counters when the candidate met patients confined by poor health
and old age. (ABC)
"Florida has a recent record of voting Republican in five
of the past six Presidential elections," Jarriel reported. "But
the Ford campaign, by its own count, trails Jimmy Carter by 11
FORD/DOLE CAMPAIGN
Strategy
8
percentage points in the state. And when Ford campaign officials
optimistically thought of breaking Carter's grip on the solid
South, no one predicged the first crack will come here." (ABC)
But, Bob Jamieson reported, "The Presidents aides tonight
are telling him that the southern swing was a success, that the
crowds are larger than they anticipated, and that local poli-
ticians are telling them that Carter does not have a lock on
the votes here " (NBC)
Schieffer added that the Ford aides believe Louisiana,
Mississippi and possibly Alabama are now winnable. (CBS)
Jarriel's 2:00 report, which ran #2 on ABC, included
excerpts from Ford's speech and film of the President talking
to children and old people on the campaign trail.
NBC's #3 report, running 2:10, included film of Ford
speaking to the convention in Miami, shaking hands with Kelley
and appearing at a nursing home. Bob Jamieson gave a brief re-
view of the riverboat trip.
The 1:55 spot, which led CBS, included excerpts from
the President's speech, and concluded with a comment by Bob
Schieffer voiced over film of Ford campaigning. AP,UPI,Networks - (9/27)
Strategy
FORD/DOLE CAMPAIGN
9
Momentum still with Ford
By Godfrey Sperling Jr.
Washington
men, these findings showed; almost dead-
It was very-much like two antagonists look-
locked, 47 percent for Carter and 45 for Ford.
g coolly into. each other's eyes to see who
the remainder undecided.
would blink first. Now the consensus among
Beyond this a Roper poil indicated this same
political observers seems to be growing that no
slight gain for Ford as a result of the debate.
real winner emerged.
And finally, on Sunday morning, a Harris-ABC
Perhaps. But we talked to some political
poil showed Ford "won" the debate by a mar-
Christian Science Monitor, 9-27-76
FORD/DOLE CAMPAIGN
Campaign Probe
10
Jaworski: No Cause for Further Probe of
Ford Campaign Finances
An inquiry into maritime union contributions to Gerald
Ford's congressional campaigns in Michigan, conducted while
Leon Jaworski was Special Watergate Prosecutor, turned up nothing
that "called for further action," Jaworski said Monday.
"We found no connection with Watergate," Jaworski told
reporters. Jaworski's observation came amid reports the Special
Prosecutor's office has begun a new inquiry into the handling
of the union's political contributions.
President Ford's Special Counsel, Philip Buchen, complained
earlier about the timing of the reported new inquiry, which comes
a little more than a month before the election.
Jaworski himself said: "I wouldn't conduct an investiga-
tion of this kind at this time myself. But I'm not second-guessing
anyone else. I'm just saying what I would do. I wouldn't do it at
this time for fear that it would have a misleading effect. I
would want to carefully protect the rights of every individual
under investigation. If I faced a statute of limitations question,
then I would have to go ahead because time required it. Otherwise
I would probably let the investigation be conducted after the
election." (CBS)
Jaworski added that Ruff is a professional, and Jaworski
is sure that politics has not entered into any of it. (CBS)
Fred Graham observed: "It is a situation without parallel in
American history. The Special Prosecutor is conducting criminal
investigations relating to both members of the Republican ticket. "CBS
Robert Schnake's 1:35 background report ran #4 on CBs.
Fred Graham's 1:30 report, which ran #5 on CBS, included
film of Ford and Dole at the GOP convention and an interview with
Leon Jaworski. AP,UPI,CBS - (9/27/76)
Dole Implies Camp. Probe Is Politically Motivated
Sen. Dole, campaigning in Ill. Monday, implied that election
year politics lurked behind the Special Prosecutor's Michigan in-
vestigation. Asked if the investigation would have any political
implications for the GOP, Dole said: "I don't know. I mean it's
all one-sided I don't see him looking any other place They
should be looking everywhere, I guess. I think it's rather
coincidental that it would arise right now," Dole added.
Eric Engberg reported that there was an enthusiastic student
rally on hand for a hastily arranged Dole visit to Augustana College
in the western Illinois farm country. Engberg said Dole is deeply
concerned that the GOP could lose the Midwest forfeiting all hope of
winning. Dole will spend nearly 2 full days in Ill. and another 2
in Ohio this week alone. CBS -- (9/27/76)
Campaign Probe
FORD/DOLE CAMPAIGN
James Squires
Is the prosecutor
in a China shop?
WASHINGTON-The current investi-
stirred up late last year after Ford had
gation into some of President Ford's old
a failing out with the maritime industry,
campaign contributions clearly illus-
including the Marine Engineers Benefi-
moved the allegations from the "Tumor"
trates both the need for and danger of
cial Association [MEBA], a maritime
category and virtually assured that they
having a special- prosecutor independent
union that had been one of his biggest
would be reported in the news media.
Chicago Tribune,
9/26/76
FORD/DOLE CAMPAIGN
Image
12
Chancellor Says Ford Looks Better
NBC's John Chancellor, traveling with President Ford
on his campaign swing through the South made several observa-
tions on the President and his campaign.
Chancellor, in Miami, told David Brinkley: "He looks a
little bit like a changed man, David. He seems now to behave
as though he thinks genuinely that he has a chance to win this
election.
"His speeches, adlib speeches have improved immensely.
They're full of short, sharp phrases now. 'We're here and
we're here to win. Vote for me and I won't let you down.'
He is a much more vigorous candidate now than he was earlier
this year."
BRINKLEY: Does it look as if he can carry any of the
Southern states?
CHANCELLOR: Not as the polls stand now. The Ford people
were perplexed, and I think quite disappointed, this weekend
when new regional polls came out showing him way behind --
20, 30 percentage points behind Carter in the South. Texas,
on the other hand, is a different matter. What Jimmy Carter
said to Playboy magazine about Lyndon Johnson's lying has
angered a number of Texans, and the Ford people are going to
hit him very hard on that one with John Connally, and they
think may have a chance to carry Texas.
BRINKLEY: John, tell us about your steamboat ride.
CHANCELLOR: Well, it was one of the great media stunts of
all time. The President was aboard for eight or nine hours
saw only a very few people really. But the boat was a floating
studio, and the river was a terrific background. It was hot,
it was fun, it was noisy. One note: the band was not allowed
to play "Hail to the Chief" I think because they tried it out
and it sounded just too awful.
BRINKLEY: What do the Ford people think now about their chances?
CHANCELLOR: They think that they may be able to catch Carter
and maybe to beat Carter. There's a new sense of enthusiasm
based, in part, on Carter's recent performance. He has not
been doing well and the Ford people know that. I think that
Jimmy Carter has had a lot to do with the new enthusiasm that
we found this weekend in the Ford campaign. NBC -- (9/27/76)
FORD/DOLE CAMPAIGN
First Family
13
Mike Ford: Playboy Interview Not All That Bad
President Ford's eldest son Mike, a 26-year-old theology
student, has said he does not think Carter's Playboy interview
is so bad.
Mike said: "He expressed the tenets of his personal and
Christian faith, and how it related to various human temptations
that he and all of us encountered."
ABC reported an interview published in the Boston Globe
Sunday quoted Mike Ford on a variety of subjects such as his
sister Susan is somewhat spoiled by White House living. Richard
Nixon was not honest with Mr. Ford about the total implication of
Watergate, the Playboy interview of Jimmy Carter was not that bad,
the President and Mrs. Ford will not be crushed if he looses in
November and the children will be relieved. ABC, CBS -- (9/27/76)
Mrs. Dole
Library of Congress: Mrs. Dole's Campaigning Legal
A Library of Congress study concludes that Mrs. Elizabeth
Dole is not violating any federal laws in campaigning with her
husband, Sen. Robert Dole. But Rep. John Moss (D-Calif.) said
Monday she should resign as a member of the FTC.
"The partisan political activities of Mrs. Dole are absolutely
inconsistent with the quasi-judicial nature of her responsibilities
as a commissioner," Moss wrote to FTC Chairman Calvin Collier.
Mrs. Dole took a leave of absence from the FTC and said
her salary in that period would be turned over to the Federal
Treasury until after the Nov. 2 election and her husband's fate
as President Ford's running mate is decided.
Moss asked the Library of Congress to research the question
of whether a leave of absence was sufficient to comply with federal
laws and rules affecting ethics and conflict of interest of federal
officials. UPI -- (9/27/76)
CARTER/MONDALE CAMPAIGN
Issues
14
Carter Raps Ford on Unemployment;
Answers More Questions on Playboy
Jimmy Carter said Monday that President Ford's economic
policies placed a record 2.5 million Americans below the official
poverty line last year and have created a new class of poor for
whom the American dream has been denied.
Campaigning by boat in Portland's Deepwater Harbor and with
speeches, rallies and impromptu news conferences, the Democratic
candidate pledged that if elected President, he would never in-
crease taxes on Americans who work for a living, or whose major
source of income comes from wages and salaries rather than in-
terest, dividends and capital gains.
It was an assertion that Carter has made repeatedly in
efforts to clarify statements he made concerning taxes in an
AP interview.
Some aides of Carter's said his weekend campaigning in
California was a waste of time, Judy Woodruff reported. (NBC)
Reporters asked Carter about the situation in Rhodesia.
Carter said: "The last few weeks since Sec. Kissinger has become
involved in it, and I'm glad that he has and hopefully we can work
out with those countries involved, and those factions involve a
peaceful settlement. This, I think, would be a very good thing
for world peace and I have no feeling about it except a hope
for success." (NBC)
In every speech he made Monday, Carter against what he
-
stressed the insensitivity of the Ford Administration, blaming
the Republicans for high unemployment and the housing shortage.
Carter also used the question about the Playboy interview
to attack Ford. He said he would not apologize for what he said,
but said he would rather be accessible to the public and risk
making a few mistakes than hide in the Rose Garden for two months
and be cut off from the people. (networks)
Sam Donaldson said the Playboy interview is haunting Carter.
"Here in Oregon, Jimmy Carter wanted to focus on unemployment
and poverty, but his most carefully listened to statement came
when someone asked him not about jobs, but about Playboy." (ABC)
Ed Bradley said Carter's Playboy interview is reminiscent
of his ethnic purity gaffee. Bradley said at every stop along
the campaign trail, the Playboy interview is the prime interest
of the voters. (CBS)
CARTER/MONDALE CAMPAIGN
Issues
15
"Carter has improved his campaign style, cutting back on
his schedule to get more rest, returning to some tried and true
themes from the primaries, looking and sounding better than he
has in days," Donaldson reported. "He is determined not to make
any more big mistakes inthe future, but above all hoping that
the public verdict will not be too harsh on his big mistakes
of the past." (ABC)
Bradley said the Carter campaign have fired a half dozen
people and are gearing down, with fewer stops per day, focusing
on media events which attract local coverage. (CBS)
Donaldson's spot, which led ABC, included film of
Carter's Playboy comment and a standup comment by Donaldson.
Following the Ford story, NBC's #4 Carter piece, running
1:30, showing film of the boat Carter traveled on and film of
Carter speaking. The story ended with a standup comment by
Judy Woodruff.
The 2:15 spot, which ran #2 on CBS, included film of
Carter defending comments in his Playboy interview. During
his remarks, the camera shifted to a napping woman, and Ed Bradley
commented that Carter's Playboy interview is now hounding him.
AP,UPI,Networks - (9/27/76)
Carter/Mondale Campaign
Labor starts its push for
Carter-with reservations
Under federal election laws, neither
By Saul Friedman
Yet even at that celebration, there.
candidate can collect or spend more
Inquirer Washington Bureau
were signs of the troubles in the
than the $22 million allotted to each
WASHINGTON 1 The nation's
labor movement. Carter's most ar-
from public funds. However, unions
trade unions, united for the first time
dent union admirers acknowledged
may spend as much as they wish on
since 1964, have launched the largest
behalf of a candidate if they confine
that his speech was flat. The prom-
their efforts to their members and
ises made by the labor chiefs on the
and most expensive political offen-
sive in their history on behalf of
their families. Thus a union may
general board had a hollow ring to
more sophisticated union leaders.
Democratic presidential nominee
send. literature to a member, but it
For example, much of COPE's
Jimmy Carter.
may not buy buttons, placards or
clout rests on its huge, computerized
In contrast to their euphoria of a
bumper stickers that would be seen
list of union members, their employ-
month ago, some labor leaders and
by non-union voters.
ers, home addresses, telephone
knowledgeable Democrats now have
Despite the heavy union artillery, a
numbers and voter registration status
doubts about the effectiveness of the
skeptical UAW official said, "All the
B pushing a few buttons, local unions
union effort and their: presidential
literature and phone calls in the
and the candidates they support
candidate.
world won't work unless the mem-
should be able to obtain those lists for
On paper, the plans for the labor
bers want to get out and vote. And so
far the motivation isn't there."
mailings and telephone campaigns.
movement's campaign are impres-
sive. Virtually every white-and blue-
Alan Baron, a Democratic political
A few weeks before the general
collar international union - with the
consultant with close labor connec-
board mteting, Mikel Miller, the pol-
tions, added:
itical operative for the Communica-
major exception of the Teamsters -
"Labor will make a reasonably
tions Workers of America (CWA)
has endorsed Carter. None is sup-
strong effort for Carter, but within
asked for an inventory of the com-
porting President Ford.
puter information about his union.
Led by the AFL-CIO, the United
the context of its declining influence
Auto Workers (UAW) and the Na-
with the rank-and-file. The big prob-
"What I found was terrifying," Mil-
tional Education Association (NEA),
lem. is convincing members to vote
ler said. "In New York, where we
have 42,000 members, the COPE
labor expects to spend. at: least $10
and vote for Carter. the unions can't
computer gave us. 76,000 names. In
million directly for thousands of tele-
do that, only Carter can. And there is
Texas, where we have 41,000, the
phone banks, door-to-door canvassing
an uneasiness among the unions."
computer had us at 26,000. In Califor-
and 10 million pieces of literature to
The kggest gun in labor's ssenal is
nia, the computer did not have the
turn out votes for Carter among 20
the AFL-CIO's Committee on Politi-
registration status on 92 percent of
million members and their families.
cal Education (COPE), which draws
the names. And in other places, 80
More of labor's millions wil be
on the resources of unions represent-
per cent of the addresses and tele-
t-indirectly for Carter through
the use of volunteers and by local
ing more than 14 million members.
phone numbers were out of date."
AFL-CIO presudent George Meany
unions working for candidates run-
The first phase of the labor effort
and his executive board endorsed
calls for getting 100 percent of union
ning for Congress or local offices on
Carter soon after the Democratic
members and their families regis-
the Democratic ticket.
And a small cadre of political or-
convention. On Aug. 31, the general
tered to vote. But one union source
ard of the federation, which includes
ganizers have transferred from their
said 70 percent was more likely.
unions to the Carter campaign pay-
the president of every AFL-CIO
Miller said he had not yet received
roll' to work almost exclusively on
union, pledged COPE's "total, com-
COPE's computer lists of members
getting out the Democratic vote in
plete, all-out support" for the na-
in his own union who were not regis-
the 16 biggest states.
tional Democratic ticket.
tered to vote, and he presumed that
The union effort on Carter's behalf
With Carter on hand to accept the
other unions were in the same shape.
is vitally important, from the finan-
formal endorsement, the board
"With registration deadlines com-
cial point of view, and it cannot be
blasted Ford and the Republicans an
ing in the first week of October, I
matched by the Republicans, al-'
"anti-worker, anti-labor and anti-
don't see how we can get these lists
though Ford has saved money by
progress." At the same time, it an-
to the local unions in time to do
campaigning from the White House.
nounced plans for the labor's efforts
much good," he said.
The planned financial outlay by
and distributed the first copies of a
labor is entirelv legal.
four-page flyer contrasting Carter's
"promise of progress" with Ford's
"record of recession."
Philadelphia Inquirer, 9-27-76
Strategy
CARTER/MONDALE CAMPAIGN
Carter fighting
to keep lead
By John Dillin
Staff correspondent of The Christian Science Monitor
With the Carter campaign
Jimmy Carter's big early lead over President Ford is evaporating in
the wake of the first debate.
Political polls, field reports, and party officials all tell the same
story: The race is tightening fast, and Mr. Carter will have to fight to
Christian Science Monitor, 9-27-76
19
Playboy Interview
CARTER/MONDALE CAMPAIGN
Reporting the news
Carter's use of a vulgarism poses a
By James Yuenger
problem for editors
To some people in this fast-changing
world it may sound stuffy, and maybe
even a little silly, for a daily newspaper
to consider guarding public morals to be
Playboy Interview
CARTER/MONDALE CAMPAIGN
20
UNIT rick Buchanan
Plaid is bad for chameleons
WASHINGTON-Ours is the party of him in the early days found that, as cal of federal aid to New York City.
a great-hearted Texan
who went on
Carter read out his roll call of American
Now he is Mayor Beame's bosom buddy,
to do more than any other President
heroes, the name of Martin Luther King
the champion of the Big Apple.
to advance the cause of human
Jr. was invariably dropped when he
In the Texas primary he seemed the
rights - Lyndon Johnson."
crossed south of the Mason-Dixon Line.
single candidate opposed: to breaking up
Chicago Tribune ,
9/26/76
Playboy Interview
CARTER/MONDALE CAMPAIGN
A CHANCE TO WINK, SNICKER AND GRIN
WASHINGTON- ell, there's one
thing you can say about Jimmy Carter's
By Jerald terHorst, Chicago Tribune
(9/26/76)
lust. It beats tax reform as an attention-
grabber, as Playboy magazine knew all
John Connaily tells reporters "I never
along.
liked to talk about a subject I know
"
don't
have
to
Tust
ЦЕНЬ who maue a much
publicized obscene gesture the other
day, takes the pious approach to Car-
New Orleans Times-Picayune
,
ter's lust: "Judge not, lest. ye be
9/22/76
judged." Robert Dole, President Ford's
running mate, says he wouldn't touch it
with a 10-foot pole.
22
DEBATES
FINALLY, THE CABOOSE
Neither President Ford, Jimmy Carter nor the tions, gross national product, long-term estimates of
audience of 80 million or more Americans was a big the rate of unemployment and inflation, and other
winner in the first of the Great Debates.
issues relevant to economics and domestic affairs-
It was, for the most part, a turmoil of statistics
and those did make up the agreed-on theme of the
that could not have held the attention of the most
first debate.
LA. Times 9/27/76
Reaction
DEBATES
23
The announcement last Monday that the
Our Man Survives
league had selected Mr. Reynolds- of ABC,
Elizabeth Drew of the New Yorker maga-
The Great Debate,
zine, and me to be the three panelists had
started things happening to each of us. Sud-
Is Glad It's All Over
denly we were the targets of every special
interest group, ordinary citizen and kook
who wanted to plant a question for President
Ford or Mr. Carter.
He Asks 4 Questions, Watches
The phone- calls and wires poured in.
Callers were told politely that I wasn't avail-
Foes Suffer the Silence;
able, but some left their questions with my
office. The National Gay Task Force. wanted
Like a March to a Hanging
a question asked on homosexuals' rights.
The American Bakers Association had an ir-
ritated query on Mr. Ford's recent decision
By JAMES P. GANNON
to raise the tariff on imported sugar. A
Staff Reporter of THE WALL STREET JOURNAL
friend in Green Bay, Wis., suggested asking
PHILADELPHIA-""m just glad the first
about "genetic engineering." A wire from
question wasn't on adultery," Jimmy Carter
Fort Worth, Texas, tried to plant a query on
said. The smiling Democratic nominee was
"how much 1975 peanut subsidy did Carter
shaking the hand of ABC newsman Frank
receive." A telegram delivered to the thea-
Reynolds, just after finishing his first tele-
ter just before the debate proposed this zin-
vised debate with President Ford.
ger: "How soon do you think it will take for
"I appreciated that, too," drawled Rosa-
a complete Soviet take-over of the U.S.
lynn Carter, who was standing at her hus-
The panelists had decided that we would
band's side now on the stage of the old Wal-
prepare our own questions independently,
nut Street Theater here. Mr. Carter's re-
without any consultation or coordination. We
marks about adultery in a Playboy inter-
also agreed to keep our mouths shut before
view had dominated campaign discussion in
the debate. and so for the first time in my.
the previous few days, and the Carters
life I was in the awkward position of refus-
clearly were relieved not only that the de-
ing calls from reporters and dodging my
bate was over but also that aduitery hadn't
own friends and colleagues.
come up.
Testing the Sound System
Actually, everyone involved was relieved
I collected a stack of news articles,
after the weird ending to this. first debate
speeches and position papers of the two can-
between presidential candidates in 16 years
didates and began reviewing their stands on
-and after the biggest broadcasting foul-up
issues. Then I prepared a list of 12 questions
of all time. Everyone, that is, except ABC
(I only asked four of them) on topics that
producer Elliot Bernstein, the man responsi-
seemed to me to be of concern to voters: in-
ble for seeing that the program went off
flation, education, housing, unemployment.
without a hitch. He was outside in a televi-
Because ot my own journalistic background,
sion trailer. so distraught over the 27-minute
my questions dealt mostly with economic is.
loss of the program's sound that his co-
sues.
workers reportedly warned others not to go
In early afternoon of the debate day, pan-
near him.
elists and moderator Edwin Newman of
I was certainly relieved, despite the elec-
NBC joined two stand-ins for Mr. Ford and
tronic snatu, because the end of the debate
Mr. Carter for a. dry run. Its purpose is
last Thursday night also-marked the end of
richly ironic now: to test the sound system.
six days of: dreadful tenseness for me. As
President Ford" was John Kostic, a
one of the three journalists on the question-
truck salesman from Wilmington, Del., who
ing panel. I had spent almost a week alter-
is strong-voiced, husky and six-feet, one-inch
nating between euphoria over being selected
tall, just like Mr. Ford. "Jimmy Carter"
for this important task and stark terror at
was Bob Salica, a student at Temple Univer-
the possibility of bungling it.
sity here, who, clad in a Levi denim suit, is
Citizens & Kooks
soft-spoken and standa 5 feet, 9 inches, just
But in those tension-shedding moments
like the former Georgia governor. The dry
just after the event, it was obvious that we
run went like this:
all had survived-the panelists. the debate's
Question from Mr. Reynolds: "Gov. Car-
sponsors from the League of Women Voters.
ter, what is your position on your position on
and the candidates. There would be two
your position?"
more debates, and the campaigns would go
Jimmy Carter: "My position on that is
on pretty much as before. But a piece of his-
that I have a position, and I have re-
tory had happened. and I was lucky enough
searched that position."
to get an insider's look at it. What follows
Rebuttal from President Ford: "My posi-
are some glimpses and impressions of the
tion on that position is the opposite. of his
event from my perspective.
position."
During this necessary nonsense, a tiny
problem became clear: Although the televi-
W.S. Journal, 9-27-76
Reaction
DEPATE
Panel Of Debate
Coaches Picks Ford, 4-1
JAMES: Well he really didn't have an oportunity, given
The Hearst Newspapers assembled a panel of cham-
the format.
pionship debate coaches from across the country in a unique-
PARSONS: I agree that the format prevents that, but
attempt to judge the first debate between President Ford and
there are some things that one wants to clear up if you possi-
Jimmy Carter. Linked by a nationwide telephone hookup with
bly can.
John Hall and Marianne Means of the Hearst Washington
NOBLES: I'm a. minority of four to one here and I just
Bureau, the panel scored the debates and discussed their con-
came away from watching the debate with nine other judges
clusions. Here is a partial transcript of the interview.
in Minnesota. The decision, by the way, was 10-0 for Mr. Cart-
er
I saw it coming out pretty much as a tossup. I thought
HALL: Good morning
and good evening. Most of
in respect to tax change and new programs I would have
you know each other personally or by reputation, but I want
agreed with Donn that there did seem to be some inconsisten-
to identify you at the outset. Scott Nobles of Macalester Col-
cytin the Carter position. President Ford was arguing that
lege, President of the American Forensic Assn. for the past
you can't have it both ways, but Carter was rescued a little
two years; Donn Parsons of the University of Kansas, who
later by a very sharp question from Miss Drew, who asked
coached the 1976 intercollegiate championship debating
Ford how he was going to cut taxes and at. the some time
team; Howard James of Dartmouth, whose teams have won
have the programs he had promised
neither one can
national championships for a record three years; Mrs. Esther
have it both ways.
Kalmbach of St. Francis De Sales high school in Toledo,
But it is not on the tangible, content issues that I award-
Ohio, who led her team to national victories in 1970 and 1971;
ed the decision to Carter
on the economy it was a tossup.
and Mrs. Selma Ridgeway of Montgomery Bell Academy in
On government reorganization I would have given it to Ford.
Nashville, whose team has won several national invitational
I thought Carter won the amnesty issue, easily won the trust
debates this year.
in government issue. I would have given a very close ballot to
We have brought you together with an audacious re-
Carter just on what I perceived as the direct content issues.
quest: to choose the winner of tonight's presidential debate.
But I don't think we have to be conventional about what
We want you to use the same standards in reaching your
the issues are. We have the waffling and flip-flopping issue,
judgment that you would use in an academic debate. We real-
the uncertainty and trust issue, the competency issue, the
ize the limitations of that process, since this has not been a.
whether-or-not-you-have-a-vision-for-government issue, and
debate in the formal sense. Also, the public may or may not
of course the character and party image issue: It was on
use the same standards as you.
these it seemed to me that the debate was going to revolve,
I think we would have to search far to find a group more
and I don't think those have to be judged entirely subjectively
capable of making an objective judgment on the question we
I thought for the most part Carter carried the offensive and
ask tonight, which is: who in your judgment was the better
Ford was somewhat on the defensive.
debater, Mr. Carter or Mr. Ford.
It seemed to me all Carter had to do was seem as in-
RIDGEWAY: In this debate, I would say Mr. Ford was
formed as President Ford and I believe he did do that
all
the better debater.
in all, Mr. Carter seemed much more at ease, seemed much
KALMBACH: President Ford.
more friendly, warm and direct. That's unfortunate in a way
JAMES: President Ford.
because Mr. Ford is warm, friendly and direct, but he didn't
PARSONS: I would love to be in the minority, but I
come through that way tonight. If you look at the further is-
would choose Mr. Ford.
sue of which man seems to authenticate the image of a better
NOBLES: I'll take that opportunity to be in the minori-
candidate, judged as objectively as you can by what you
ty, Mr. Carter.
know about standards of rhetoric, there I gave a clear edge to
HALL: Dr. Parsons, let's start with you.
Gov: Carter.
PARSONS: I thought it was close and in some ways kind
JAMES: As a debate coach, I found it very difficult to
of a less than stimulating debate
I
guess
I
saw
a
little
bit
judge the debate. I think in many instances the candidates
of advantage for Ford in the kinds of. responses he made, and
were not specifically responsive to the questions. directed to
I would like to. illustrate it in a couple of ways
at
the
them. They were really responding to some other qestions. So
very end, (Ford) spotted what he thought was an inconsisten-
it was sort of a tangential, circuitous discussion
I think
cy in the Carter position, that you can't have it both ways,
Ford and Carter dropped the ball- in a number of places.
that you can't attack the deficits we've had as being stagger-
Amnesty was one area where Carter could have gotten more
ing and attack the number of vetoes
the Carter position.
mileage.
I think needed to be answered
He did not do that.
But at the substantive level, I truly felt that on balance
In a second area
President Ford said he just found
Ford appeared more knowledgeable. I expect a lay audience.
some new things out about Georgia and found that expendi-
would have much less difficulty because they're looking for
tures were up over 50. per cent and emloyes up over 25 per
something else. I'm raising the question. who won the issues.
cent (during the Carter administration). I thought Carter, if
My tally comes out five issues for Ford, four issues for Cart-
he possibly could have done it, should have come back and
er, and two or three or four that could have gone one way or
countered the one attack on his record as governor of
the other. In short it's very, very marginal.
Georgia.-
Baltimore News American, 9/26/76 (cont)
DEBATES
27
L.A. Times,
9/27/76
DEBATES
Rating
28
Nielson Releases Debate Rates
More than 38 million American households were tuned in to
the televised debate last Thursday night between President Ford
and his Democratic challenger, Jimmy Carter, the A.C. Nielson
rating service said today.
The rating for the broadcast was 53.5, an average of 53
percent of all households with television was tuned in at any
minute in the two-hour duration of the program, Nielson said.
A spokesman for the National Broadcasting Co. said the
networks estimated, based on the rating, that 90 million persons
saw some or all of the debate.
The rating was based on sets tuned to the three major
commercial networks and did not include stations of the Public
Broadcast Service, which also carried the event live. AP,ABC --
(9/27/76)
ELECTION
GOP-Demo Workers Differ in Views
A study by the Harvard Institute for International Affairs
and the Washington Post shows that between Republican and Demo-
cratic activists, there are great differences philosphically.
One clear difference was in answer to the following
question: Do you believe the poor nearly always have themselves
to blame for their poverty? The Republican workers answered 4-1
yes; the Democratic workers answered 5-1 no.
The Republican view is that those in good health and willing
to work need not be poor. The Democratic view is that it is not
their fault, it is the system's fault for not giving them all and
equal chance. NBC -- (9/27/76)
Issues
ELECTION
29
What Non-Voters Want
More than nostalgia is needed to explain why
health insurance, inflation. money supply, etc.,
the American non-voter prefers John Kennedy,
are mainstream liberal Democracy.
Dwight Eisenhower. Harry Truman and Frank-
So why aren't voters planning to exercise
lin D. Roosevelt to Lyndon Johnson. Richard
their right to make a choice? According to the
Baltimore Sun, 9-27-76
ECONOMY
30
International Trade Deficit Up
Despite a major reduction in oil imports, the U.S. posted
its third largest international trade deficit in August, the
Commerce Department said Monday.
In its monthly report on trade, the Commerce Dept. said
the nation imported $757.7 million more in goods than it exported
last month, marking the seventh time this year the country has
recorded a trade deficit.
Aided by a $256.2 million decline in petroleum imports,
overall imports dropped by 3.7 percent or $403 million in August
to a seasonably adjusted annual rate of $10.44 billion, the
department said. Exports also registered a decline, dropping
3.3 percent or $334 million to $9.69 billion. AP,UPI,ABC -- (9/27)
Voters See Little Economic Improvement
Despite economic statistics, two-thirds of the American
people still think the nation is in a recession, Dan Cordtz
reported Monday.
The fact is that the recession did end over a year ago,
and the recovery is well underway, Cordtz said. GNP, retail
sales, and number of jobs are up; while the rate of inflation
is half of what it was in 1974.
The reasons why public opinion disagrees with the figures
are several, according to Cordtz. And some people are not better
off. For instance, the average factory worker's take-home pay
buys less than it did a year ago. Second, other people are still
suffering financial scars from the past three years. Third, many
people are not confident about the future.
Cordtz said this makes it tough for the President, because
what counts in the election is not what the economists know, but
what the voters think. ABC -- (9/27/76)
ECONOMY
31
American family's wallet
- about like it was in 1967
By Richard L. Strout
past year - the largest jump since the bureau
Staff correspondent of
started compiling such figures in 1959.
The Christian Science Monitor
Once again politicians ask if jobs and living
Washington
costs- are not the biggest issues in the cam-
Official government statistics now report
paign, and whether the current economic up-
that 1 American in 8 is poor.
turn has come in time for President Ford.
The poor. as arbitrarily defined by the Cen-
Other aspects:
sus Bureau, have increased 2.5 million in the
Government figures show that the pur-
Christian Science Monitor, 9-27-76
U.S.
32
Jack Anderson Sues Nixon
Newspaper columnist Jack Anderson filed a $22 million
damage suit Monday accusing former President Nixon and 19 sub-
ordinates of conducting a concentrated five-year campaign to
destroy Anderson's credibility and take away his First Amendment
rights as a newsman.
Lawyers for Anderson said the suit is the first of its
kind. The civil damage suit, filed in U.S. District Court,
cites 17 separate allegations of harassment, investigation,
or surveillance by the White House investigative unit known
as the Plumbers or the CIA. AP,CBS -- (9/27/76)
PRESIDENCY
33
FORD: WHAT TO EXPECT IF HE'S ELECTED
By Godfrey Sperling Jr.
Washington
If the President is returned to office in November, what
will be the shape of the next Ford administration? Maver-
me would feel, if elected, that his victory came prima-
ick Democrat Eugene McCarthy - not exactly a supporter
rily because taxpayers felt he would be easier on their
of Gerald Ford - says that Mr. Ford "has a fairly good:
pocketbooks than opponent Carter. Thus, he would continue
sense of what the presidency is all about" and that, unlike-
to be cautious in federal spending.
Jimmy Carter and very much like Harry Truman, he:
He would continue to refrain from saber-rattling in for-
doesn't confuse the presidency with himself. Mr. McCarthy,
eign affairs - no matter who is Secretary of State.
expressing his views to reporters over breakfast recently,
However, buoyed by his experience in dealing with for-
held. that what the public had seen of Mr. Ford in the last
eign policy during the last two years, Mr. Ford would likely
two years would be pretty much what they would see in the
be much more his own Secretary of State.
next four years.
He would continue his pursuit of peace-and undoubtedly
Political analyst Richard Scammon thinks that the next
continue his traveling abroad in pursuit of that goal. A very
four years if under Mr. Ford "would not be very differ-
likely early trip would be to Peking in a move to cement
ent." "Policy," he says, "would remain what it is. Like
U.S. relations with the post-Mao regime.
most conservatives, his inclination will be to conserve. So.
He would not forget Watergate. He would. as in the
he will continue in that direction. Oh. there may be some
past. continue to make a special effort to keep his White
new proposals - like his plan for spending for the park sys-
House operation as open and above board as possible - and
tem but there won't be much."
to make this effort toward visibility and candor a mark of
But those who are close to Mr. Ford see a more con-:
his administration.
fident GOP President emerging, and say that the first ap-
He would continue to lean on his perception of what he
pearance of the "new Ford" came at his acceptance.
thinks the people want - a period in which to catch their
speech at the convention.
breath, after Watergate and Vietnam. He feels they would.
Explains Bryce Harlow, long-time adviser of several.
welcome a few years in which there is less action coming
GOP presidents and a confidante of Mr. Ford. "A good deal
from the center and in which there are fewer government-
of the tentativeness of Jerry Ford would be gone if he were
connected shocks and surprises. President Ford would
elected in his own right. That would be reflected in his rela-
likely continue to set a quiet, tranquil tone in his relation-
tionship with those in his administration, with Congress,
ship with the public at large.
and with party leaders and the public.
Hence, in time, he might well be viewed somewhat as
Dwight D. Eisenhower was: as a chief executive who pre-
'He would be different'
sided over an era of goodwill - one who did not stir up
"He would be a different person," says Mr. Harlow,
people by creating events, one who responded when neces-
"more assertive, more crisp, more decisive, more take-
sary but avoided rocking the boat, and one who tended to
charge. Being elected on his own would dispel a good deal
stress national unity as opposed to disunity by going all out
of the fuzz that surrounds him as a leader."
to achieve human-rights objectives.
Adds presidential aide William Baroody Jr.: Now if af-
More specifically a new Ford administration would prob-
ter beating Ronald Reagan the President can come from
ably look something like this:
behind and beat Jimmy Carter, these two achievements of
themselves are bound to give the President great respect
PRIORITY THRUST IN LEGISLATION -
from people all over the country. This will mean that he
1. The President would continue to seek economies by
will have better rapport with Congress and with groups ev-
consolidating federal grants to states and localities.
erywhere - including labor."
2. He would still push for reform of regulatory bodies.
GOP House Minority Leader John Rhodes says: "There
is no doubt but what Ford will change psychologically if he
becomes an elected president. He will be more sure of him-
self - and in a. better position than he now is to be in-
-novative."
And long-time friend, William Whyte, vice-president for
public affairs at U.S. Steel, assesses: "We'll see a more
confident President, hard-hitting, a man who has many
things he wants to do for this country and who will be in-
tent on doing this during the next four years."
From conversations with members of Congress, presi-
dential aides, and those in Mr., Ford's so-called: "kitchen
cabinet" of unofficial advisers comes this picture of the
road ahead Mr. Ford is once again at the helm:
C.S. Monitor
9/27/76
Times of TV News Items
September 27, 1976
ABC
NBC
CBS
ADMINISTRATION NEWS
1. Ford/Camp. probe
2:00 (7)
1:35 (4)
1:30 (5)
2. HAK/Rhodesia
2:00 (9)
:30 (2)
2:35 (11)
2:25 (Sevareid)
3. Ford/campaigning
2:00 (2)
2:10 (3)
1:55 (lead)
4. Mike Ford/Playboy
:20 (3)
5. Ford/Chancellor report
2:10 (10)
6. Dole/Camp. probe
1:35 (6)
OTHER MAJOR NEWS
1. Syria
:40 (8)
1:00 (lead)
2:05 (9)
2. Carter/Oregon
2:10 (lead)
1:30 (4)
2:15 (2)
3. Aircraft industry
4:00 (5)
4. Embargo threat
1:50 (6)
1:00 (10)
5. Chrysler/indicted
:30 (16)
:20 (8)
:25 (14)
6. Joffa/Kidnapping
1:50 (9)
7. Political study
:40 (11)
8. Africa/Background report
2:30 (10)
9. S.Africa/violence
:30 (11)
10. Arafat/Sarkis
:30 (12)
11. Hearst
1:15 (13)
:20 (17)
12. Nazis deported
:30 (14)
13. Teton Dam/report
:20 (15)
14. Estrogen/birth control
:20 (17)
15. Modes of transportation
2:50 (18)
16. Anderson/Ni.xon
:20 (7)
17. Towels/ Secret Service
:20 (8)
18. British lb.
:10 (7)
:10 (12)
19. Stocks
:15 (6)
:15 (13)
20. Danish Tall Ship
:25 (15)
21. Small Pox
:16 (15)
22. Earthquakes
2:10 (18)
23. Nielson/debates
:10 (3)
24. Economy
2:00 (4)
25. Balance of trade
:15 (5)
News
Comment
The President's Daily News Summary
BERALD R. FORD LIBRARY
Leading The News
FOR TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 28, 1976
MAGAZINE SUPPLEMENT
Page
DEBATES
Overview
When Their Power Failed
Time
1-3
Polls
What the Voters Say
Newsweek
4,5
Format
How to Improve the Debates
Time
6
Battling Over Tax Reform
Time
6,7
Reaction
The Big Sneeze
Newsweek
9
Political Device
Broadcasting
10
CARTER/MONDALE CAMPAIGN
Poll
Shaky Lead for Carter
U.S. News&World Rpt.
11-13
Playboy Interview
Trying to Be One of the Boys
Time
14,15
Fallout from Carter and Playboy
Human Events
16,17
Strategy
Carter Would Soak Rich and Poor Alike
Human Events
18,19
The Catholic Defection
Time
20,21
Carter's New Energy Adviser
Human Events
22
ELECTION
Image
Fighting the Image War
New Republic
23-26
Team Player Makes Good
Time
27-31
Jimmy's Mixed Signals
Time
31-34
How Businessmen Size Up Candidates
U.S. News&World Rpt.
35-37
Strategy
Gunning for Those Who 'Vote the Man
National Journal
38
Not the Party'
Playing Politics with Vacancies
National Journal
39
Issues
Energy: Emerging Issue in Campaign
Time
40,41
FOREIGN POLICY
Why Africa Is Inviting Target for Russia
U.S. News&World Rpt.
42,43
Overview
DEBATES
1
With no strong issues really gripping the public, with a great deal
fading Ford. Incredibly, no one invited the debaters to leave their stat-
of apathy hanging over the voters, the '76 presidential contest has be-
uesque positions and await the resumption in comfort. Each avoided
come mostly a test of personality and character. Just which man-Ger-
looking at the other. Breaking the stand-up standoff first, Carter after
ald Ford or Jimmy Carter-has the temper, courage, determination
twelve minutes sat down on his tall stool behind his podium and fold-
and cool to lead the nation? The answer was supposed to be forth-
ed his arms across his chest. This brought shouts of "Yay!" from the
coming in the much-anticipated first presidential debate of 1976. It
500 balcony observers. When both men, after quickly glancing at each
turned out to be an underwhelming event, the debate in which the
other. wiped their brows with handkerchiefs, the audience applauded.
power failed and in which neither man gained a decisive edge. The sit-
Ford remained standing until the sound resumed.
uation after the 90-minute confrontation-interrupted by a 27-minute
When the candidates finally had a chance to summarize their cases,
audio blowout that was a testament to the fallibilities of television
Carter's impressive windup raised an intriguing question: What if each
-was much the same as before. Carter was out front but slipping;
man had been offered a chance to open the debate with a similar the-
Ford was coming up from behind, and the election had suddenly turned
matic appeal, as Kennedy had done so effectively in 1960? Carter's sum-
into a close race.
up was a honed version of his successful basic campaign pitch. "It's a
Carter badly needs to be born again, this time politically. He has
time to draw ourselves together
with mutual respect for a change, co-
been off on a gaffe-a-week streak. and he can scarcely afford another
operating for a change. in the open for a change. So the people can un-
week like the past two. His remarks on sex in an ill-advised interview
derstand their own Government I don't claim to know all the
with Playboy (see story page 33), his gratuitous insult in listing Lyndon
answers. But I've got confidence in my country. Our economic strength
Johnson along with Richard Nixon as a President who had "lied" to the
is still there. Our system of government-in spite of Viet Nam, Cam-
American people, the distortion of his confused and confusing remarks
bodia, CLA, Watergate-is still the best system of government on earth."
on tax policy-all these and more have hurt him He has also been dam-
aged by some disarray in his campaign organization and disputes be-
ord ended his summary in more prosaic terms, with a political
tween his Atlanta headquarters and the Democratic old pros in Wash-
barb: "A President should never promise more than he can de.
ington, as well as between his local officials and his campaign chiefs in
liver and a President should always deliver everything that he's
some states (most of whom had been brought in from other states to
promised. A President can't be all things to all people. A Pres.
stand above local rivalries). Moreover, Carter may be hurt because in a
ident should be the same thing to all people I think
the
real
issue
in
number of contests for Senator or Governor, Republicans have fielded
this campaign, and that which you must decide on Nov. 2, is whether
strong candidates or Democrats have fielded weak ones. This is the case
you should vote for his promises or my performance in two years in
in California, Illinois, Rhode Island, Indiana and Missouri.
the White House."
In sum, Carter is still ahead, but his base of "sure" states has been
By that time. unfortunately, the speakers had lost a chunk of their
declining. On the other hand, Ford could just as easily lose his recent
audience. Few viewers who had sat through the first 82 minutes couis
gains. In a year of voter indecision and general indifference, quick and
claim that they had gained refreshing new insights into economic prob
sharp fluctuations in sentiment are more likely than not
lems and policies. Said Harvard's Otto Eckstein, a liberal member 0
TIME'S Board of Economists: "I've got to teach freshman economic
fter all of the buildup and suspense, the televised clash in the press
on Monday and I'd be hard put to find something useful in the debat
sure-pot atmosphere of Philadelphia's Walnut Street Theater
to teach them. The candidates just completely missed a grand edu
failed to crystallize voter opinion. Each man pointedly assailed
cational opportunity." Yale's Robert Triffin, another member of TIME'
the other at times. But neither seemed eager for-and the non-
Board, found the debate "desperately dull and desperately uninfor
debate format prevented-a direct and personal showdown. The lan-
mative." A top industrial economist was even harsher: "Neither (
guage occasionally was tough. yet both candidates seemed wary of
them would have passed Economics 1." Perhaps because they were in
breaking any new ground. Perhaps having overstudied the 1960 Ken-
tent on winning political points, both men seemed shallower on the ecc
nedy-Nixon debates and apparently intent on showing how knowl-
nomic issues than they have in past statements.
edgeable they were, both candidates threw out briefing-book statistics
Other academicians and politicians interviewed by TIME COTTE
in battling profusion. But, unlike John Kennedy, they rarely marshaled
spondents generally saw no clear winner. "I wouldn't think either ma
the numbers to establish a more general point. The questioning from
was damaged," said Louis Koenig, professor of government at Ne
the panel of reporters concentrated heavily on taxes, budget balancing
York University. Historian Theodore Kovaleff of Barnard College di:
and economic policy-vital but dry topics.
agreed: "Carter went in a clear leader and he came out looking te
Yet the trouble was not so much that the candidates used facts
ribly poor." Asked who won, Northwestern University Political Sc
and figures, but that they used too many for quick understanding and
entist Louis Masotti replied with a derisive comment on the audi
yet not enough for really thorough exposition. Besides, they tended to
breakdown, "The Luddites," a reference to the early 19th century worl
talk past each other, with the arguments only rarely meshing.
ers who smashed machines in protest against industrialization. Adde
Millions of viewers failed to hear out the candidates. The initial
Masour "Carter came across as a Southern Baptist preacher, and For
Nielsen survey of viewers in the New York City area showed that
was reciting high school platitudes. I may not go to the polls in N.
73% of households had their TV sets turned on at the beginning of the
vember. I just can't get up for this." Douglas Fraser, director of the Uni
debate (although a small percentage of these were watching a baseball
ed Auto Workers' political arm, predictably thought Carter came C
or hockey game on local channels); this feil to 65.3% after one hour
all right. but no better: "He didn't have to win. He just had to be cre
and to 54.2% in the middle of the audio breakdown. The 27-minute
ible and I think he showed that."
sound cutoff, caused by failure in one of ABC's audio amplifiers in a trail-
The most enthusiasm expressed for Carter's performance can
er outside the theater. was acutely embarrassing to the network. It was
from the Democratic majority leader of the House of Representative
even more awkward for the candidates.
Massachusetts' Thomas ("Tip") O'Neill: "I thought Carter cream
Carter was just launching into a denunciation of intrusions into
him." Independent Candidate Eugene McCarthy, who was not allow
the privacy of U.S. citizens by the CLA and FBI during the Republican ad-
to participate in the debate, gave it a typically sardonic review. It W:
ministrations when all networks lost their pooled sound, provided by
he said, "like a bad baseball game where after seven innings ever
ABC. At the time, an enlivened Carter was scoring against a somewhat
body wants to go home." Observed George Reedy, who was Lynd
4
Polls
DEBATES
WHAT THE VOTERS SAY
In a special survey conducted for NEWSWEEK, The Gallup Organization interviewed a national
sample of voters to assess the impact of last week's debate. The telephone polling was done
last Thursday and Friday with 488 registered voters who watched all or part of the debate.
ALL
HALF
SOME
HARDLY ANY
How much of the debate did you see?
68%
14%
15%
3%
CARTER
FORD
How would you rate his performance in the debate?
EXCELLENT
GOOD
FAIR
POOR
EXCELLENT
GOOD
FAIR
POOR
14%
50%
27%
8%
16%
55%
22%
4%
How much did you learn about him in this debate?
A LOT
SOME
LITTLE
NOTHING
A LOT
SOME
LITTLE
NOTHING
19%
32%
31%
18%
15%
30%
31%
24%
Do you think that the following applied to him in the debate:
CARTER
FORD
"He appeared thoughtful and well informed"
YES
NO
SOMEWHAT
DON'T KNOW
YES
NO
SOMEWHAT
DON'T KNOW
71%
16%
9%
4%
38%
6%
4%
2%
"His answers to questions were unclear"
37%
45%
15%
3%
25%
57%
15%
3%
"He seemed too aggressive"
20%
74%
3%
3%
16%
TTL
5%
2%
"He seemed rehearsed and artificial"
29%
60%
8%
3%
35%
50%
12%
3%
"He appeared unsure of himself"
22%
63%
13%
2%
15%
TMc
5%
3%
Don Eknows or
Newsweek
Format
6
DEBATES
HOW TO IMPROVE THE DEBATES
Is there a better way? This week rep-
that's needed is an interlocutor who
resentatives of the League of Women
can keep them at each other's
Voters will meet with agents from the
throat" But another panelist, New
Ford and Carter camps to chew over
Yorker Correspondent Elizabeth
changes that could make the next two
Drew. disagrees. Says she: "At least
Time Magazine, 10/2/76
THEISSUES
Louis lawyer reduced his taxable income
in 1975 to $29,000. Because a Los An-
BATTLING OVERTAX REFORM
geles taxpayer bought 300 head of cat-
tle for $45,000 and borrowed $75,000
from a bank through a cattle-feeding
Gerald Ford urged "giving greater
easy because they are unwilling to give
loan program, he will be able to deduct
relief to the so-called middle-income
up the certainty of a deduction in re-
about $55,000 from his projected gross
taxpayers-those in the earning brack-
turn for only a promise to lower tax
income of $160,000 this year. Other tax
ets of $8,000 to $30,000 a year."
rates. In Federal Tax Reform: The Im-
shelters include silver options. oil leas-
Time-Magazine, 10/2/76 (Cont.)
issues (Cont.)
DEBATES
quently have large mortgages. About
of Carter's tax policy would be to close
25% of the $60 billion in personal in-
come that escapes taxation each year be-
FEDERAL
the loopholes that aid people with an-
nual incomes of $50,000 or more.
cause of deductions, credits and exemp-
REVENUE
Early in the campaign. Carter liked
tions is kept by people with adjusted
the drastic Simon tax reforms. Lately.
gross incomes of $50,000 or more, a
1 C7-
enunore date
however, he has voiced more modest
DEBATES
8
ROBERT GROSSIAN
- -GOVERNOR COCKER'S
PRESIDENT DUCK'S
Ole
OPENING STATEMENT
OPENING STATEMENT!
CONVINCED THAT NOTHINGTHEY
MIGHT SAY COULD POSSIBLY BE AS IM-
PORTANT AS How THEY LOOK ON TV,
THE CANDIDATES HAVE AGREED To HOLD
Mill.
New York Magazine, 10/2/76
Reaction
DEBATES
By George F. Will
The Big Sneeze
In the top half of the first inning of the
stantial new support for having done so.
substantial new rev-
debate, Jimmy Carter called for more
The debate did not fully indemnify the
enues can be pain-
"202 programs. Most of the vast view-
nation for the dismal campaigning that
lessly wrung from
ing audience had not the foggiest idea
preceded it, but it was useful in showing
"special interests"
what he meant, and that is why he scid it.
that each candidate is up àgainst the
such as the "rich
It is a curious fact that incomprehensible
painfully sharo edge of a. fact For Ford
corporations" and
10
Political device
Whatever the political consequences of the Ford-Carter debates
that began last week, the events are certain to create a good case
for repeal of Section 315, the political broadcasting law. Without a
Section 315, there would have been no need for a contrivance
such as the forum arranged by the League of Women Voters and
Broadcasting, 9/27/76
Poll
CARTER/MONDALE CAMPAIGN
Campaign in Northeast-
A SHAKY LEAD FOR CARTER
First in a Series of Surveys
The races in Maine,
Many see Carter as vague and contra-
In the first regional survey of the 1976
New Hampshire and
dictory on the issues, and they are un-
presidential race by U.S. News & World
Delaware, with a total of-
certain what he might do if he became
Report-
11 electors, are regarded
President. There also is a feeling among
Jimmy Carter holds an early but shaky
as too close to call. Local
some that he is not broadly experienced
lead over Gerald Ford in most of the
observers predict that
in national and world affairs.
States of the Northeast, a region crucial
they could well tilt Re-
Helping Carter are these Factors:
to the strategies of both candidates.
publican by November 2.
A Democratic Party united at the
There is considerable uncertainty
The 125 electoral votes
national level for the first time in 1
about Carter among many voters. It
are a little less than half of
dozen years.
would shock few experts if Ford were
the 270 needed to elect a
Massive labor-union political organi-
yet to overtake the Democratic nominee
zation and registration drives.
to capture the bulk of the 125 electoral
President. In recent presidential ele
Support from urban blacks and
votes at stake in the 10-State region.
tions-with the exception of the 197
white evangelical Protestants in rural
Those are conclusions reached by a
Nixon landslide over George McGo
and small-town areas.
team of the magazine's political report-
ern-the big industrial States of tt
Politicians in both parties regard the
ers who visited all the States in the
Northeast have been the most reliab
economy as the major issue. This in-
area-talking to leaders in both parties,
Democratic territory in the nation.
cludes a wide variety of factors-unem-
consulting with news executives and
In 1960 and 1964, John F. Kenner
ployment, inflation, taxes, Government
weighing results of latest public-opinion
and Lyndon B. Johnson carried Ne
spending, fuel costs and utility rates-in
golls.
York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania an
a region that has not recovered from the
The survey was conducted before the
Massachusetts-four of the 10 most por
recession as rapidly as other parts of the
full impact of the first Ford-Carter de-
ulous States in the U.S. In 1968, Hube
country have.
bate was known in detail. Initial reaction
Humphrey lost New Jersey to Richar
More than on specific issues, however,
indicated that, if anything, the debate
Nixon. In 1972, Massachusetts was th
many political observers predict the
made Carter's advantage more tenuous.
only State to go for McGovern.
election will turn on the question of
Carter, strongly supported by labor
Political analysts caution that prec.
public confidence: Which candidate
unions and favored by
dents are out the window this year be
would the voters trust to handle the
most minority groups, is
cause of the unique characteristics of
affairs of the United States Government
running ahead in all the
contest between an unelected Republ
during the next four years?
big industrial States of the
can President who has never run in
On a State-by-State basis, the survey
region and in some of the
national campaign before and a relative
indicates:
smaller ones as well.
ly unknown opponent who came up or
If the election were
of the Deep South to capture the Dem
NEW YORK-This is the big prize on
held now, the Georgian
cratic nomination.
the East Coast, with 41 electoral votes.
would carry a total of six
In the Northeast, the USN&WR sur
Carter at present is seen as the winner-
States with Ill electoral
vey found these political trends:
but not by much.
votes: New York, Pennsyl-
Ford enjoys the advantage of bein
A poll taken for the Gannett News
vania, New Jersey, Massa-
the incumbent President, a familiar fig
Service late in September shows Carter
chusetts, Connecticut and
ure. He is credited with being a sincer
with a 3-point lead over Ford, with 9 per
Rhode Island.
and honest man, although he is seer
cent favoring former Senator Eugene
Yet, some Carter sup-
neither as a dynamic leader nor a mag
McCarthy, an independent, and 13 per
porters appear to be wa-
netic campaigner.
cent undecided. If McCarthy is removed
vering-uncertain how
Likes and dislikes. The President
from the ballot because of challenges to
the Democratic candidate
major liabilities: He is linked with the
his petitions, the poll shows Carter's lead
would perform in the
Nixon pardon after Watergate and he
standing at 9 percentage points.
White House.
gets the blame for high unemployment
Party leaders claim Carter must cam-
President Ford, al-
caused by loss of defense contracts is
paign hard and often in the State to
though hurt badly in the
some places.
overcome resistance from many Catho-
Northeast by high unem-
Carter is viewed as an appealing frest
lic, Jewish, ethnic and middle-income
ployment and other after-
face in politics-a "non-Washington"
voters. Said one: "His main weakness is
effects of recession, still
type at a time when many citizens are
that people don't know him."
could win the ballots of
disillusioned by what has gone on in
For the first time, the AFL-CIO is
many as representing a
Washington.
conducting a major political operation in
known quantity.
At the same time, the former Georgia
New York, with the names of 2 million
The President is consid-
Governor is not the sort of liberal Demo
union members on computer printouts.
ered clearly ahead now
crat who has appealed in the past to
The Carter campaign is being co-ordi-
only in Vermont. with 3
urban, ethnic, Catholic and Jewish vot-
nated with Democratic State and local
electoral votes.
ers in the Northeast.
races.
U.S. News & World Report, 10 7/4 H6 (Cont.)
CARTER/MONDALE CAMPAIGN
P
Playboy Interview
TRYING TO BE ONE OF THE BOYS
In the Democratic cleakroom just
thoughts. With that, the Democratic
off the Senate floor, Hubert Humphrey
nominee opened himself to titillating
cracked. "Segretti did it. It had to be
ridicule, blue-nose outrage and serious
one of the dirty-trick guys." Los Ange-
questions about his judgment: should a
les Times Cartoonist Paul Conrad lost
presidential candidate choose a public
not a second in sketching a lascivious
forum where he will share attention with
Playboy Interview (Cont.)
CARTER/MONDALE CAMPAIGN
17
Sen. Ernest Hollings (D.-S.C.) said: 1 don't think -
the deepest, most intimate thoughts in a fellow's
:
heart-that ought not to be part of a person's cam-
paign
Let's hope that when he becomes President,
he quits talking about adultery."
18
Strategy
CARTER/MONDALE CAMPAIGN
Carter Would Soak
Rich and Poor Alike
Whatever the public verdiction the
first presidential debate. Jimmy Carter.-
The House Republican Policy Com.
the virtual shoo-in Democratic candidate
mittee, after consulting various economic
-What is fascinating here is that Carter.
experts, asserted in a detailed analysis of
despite his many clarifications later, in no
in July, appeared to be self-destructing in
September. He's been pyramiding one
Carter's programs that they would, it
way refuted the basic thrust of what the-
goof upon another on the campaign-trail,
adopted, "amount to an annual cost of
AP reporter was trying to get at. He did
and politicos believe President Ford can
over $217.1 billion in additional federal
not say that the newsman had jumped to
spending by 1980 and almost a trillion
some erroneous conclusions about his
now take him.
dollars over a four-year period. A 64 per
taxation policy. that the idea of piling the
In about one month's time, Carter has
cent tax increase would be needed to fi-
tax burden on those above the median
managed to offend the Catholic hierarchy
nance this spending."
was somehow incorrect. He just said he
and wind up with egg on his face over
In his response in the Associated Press
didn't know the precise income bench-
FBI Director Clarence Kelley. (In the
Kelley flap. Carter carried the art of
interview last week and in his subsequent
mark he would use before trying to alter
explanations. Carter hardly reassured
the tax load.
waffling to new heights. calling upon
Ford to fire Kelley for receiving a few
anyone that he wasn't going to be a high-
Carter then went on to bolster the
gifts from subordinates. but then refusing
tax President if elected. After airing his
impression that his real aim is not
tax reform program, Carter said: "The
to say what he would do with Kelley if
even a lowering of taxes, but 2 "fair"
overall effect would be to shift a substan-
elected.)
tax system. Indeed, he doesn't think
tial [tax] increase toward those who have
"most" Americans want their taxes
Carter has also gotten into hot water
the higher incomes and reduce the in-
lowered in the first place.
with his raunchy language and question-
come [tax] on the lower-income and
able theology in the Playboy interview
middle-income taxpayers."
Here's a continuation of that AP dis-
(see page 4). and has lost ground with his
patch:
remarks on tax reform. And it is his tax
"Question: What do you mean when
policies-the most serious of these is-
you say shift the burden?
"Question: You are saying that you
would like voters to make you President
sues-that we should like to dwell upon
"Answer. That means people who have
and you are not able to say what the im-
for a moment.
a higher income would pay more taxes at
pact might be of this very major change
a certain level..
Carter can protest all he wants to
you are talking about_ How would you
about Republican distortions of his
"Question: In dollar figures. what are
respond. to that?
remarks. but the Plains, Ga., presi-
you thinking of as higher?
"Answer: It hasn't created a problem
dential candidate can hardly blame
"Answer: I don't know. I would take the
for me as far as I have been able to de-
folks if they think he's going to soak
mean or median income level and any-
tect. I think the principles that I have
anyone with a spare dime in his jeans.
thing above that would be higher and
spelled out to you would in every instance
anything below would be lower.
convince the average American family
In a recent cover story on Carter.
"Question: The median family income
that the taxes are going to be no higher
Newsweek acknowledged: "His spend-
today is somewhere around $12,000.
or perhaps even lower in some instances,
ing priorities are substantially different
from Ford's. He is committed by his own
Somebody earning $15,000 a year is not
depending on their income, and that their
taxes as levied will be fair.
word or the Carterized party platform to
what people commonly think of as
rich
"I don't think most of them want to
a full-employment economy and to a po-
tentially costly bag of social programs-
"Answer: I- understand. I can't answer
see their taxes lowered. They want to be
national health insurance: additional aid
that question because I haven't gone into
sure that when they do pay taxes they are
it. I don't know how to write that tax
given the same treatment as those who
to cities and to schools: a federalized
welfare program. simplified down to
code now in specific terms. It is just not
are more influential and have a wider
straight cash payments of $4,000 a year."
possible to do that on a campaign trail.
range of opportunities on taxed income." "
The Office of Management and Budget
But I am committed to do it and I have
When Republicans began pointing out
asserts the Carter program would cost
already talked to congressional leaders
that Carter seemed to be saying that he
at least $100 billion the first full year of
in the House and the Senate about the
would increase the tax burden for every
implementation.
need and have found an agreement
(Continued on page 0)
among them. As far as telling you spe-
cifically what the tax code would be,
there is no way I can do that.'
Human Events 10/2/76
Strategy
CARTER/MONDALE CAMPAIGN
The Catholic Defection
Jimmy Carter has a growing Catholic problem which
torate, give him 01 percent to the President's 26, accor-
could cost him the presidency. If present trends con-
ding to NBC's poll. Ford, in turn, leads by well over two-
tinue, the 1976 election will be the first national contest
to-one among Presbyterians and Episcopalians, while
since scientific opinion polling star Tert in 1935, perhaps
he is slightly behind among Methodists and Lutherans.
the first presidential election ever in American history,
Looking at the same data in ethnic terms, Ford
in which Catholics have not been considerably more
appears well in the lead among voters of Scottish and
supportive of the Democratic nominee than
English ancestry (64 to 23 percent). He has considerable.
Protestants.
strength among some groups of white ethnics. Thus,
The most recent national opinion survey, taken for
he is ahead by 48 to 32 percent among Italians, by 54 to
NBC between September 16th and 19th, found Carter
30 among those of German descent, and by 67 to 23
with a statistically insignificant lead of only one percent
among Scandinavians. Voters of Irish ancestry, a
(44 to 43 percent) among registered Catholic voters.
category which includes almost as many Protestants as
Evidence that Carter has lost the considerable
Catholics, are easily divided 43 for Ford and 42 for
Democratic advantage among this group, which he had
Carter.
in early polls, is not limited to this survey alone. Two re-
Carter still has an overwhelming lead among the two
cent state polls report the same phenomenon. An II-
prototypical Democratic minority groups, blacks and
linois survey conducted for The Chicago Tribune indicated
Jews, 74 to 11 among the former and 60 to 23 with the
Ford was ahead 50 to 37 percent among Catholics in
latter. Without black and Jewish backing, the Georgian
Richard Daley's state. According to a Detroit News study,
would in fact trail the President among all registered
the two candidates divided the Catholic electorate
voters. Other pro-Democratic ethnic groups include
evenly 37 to 37 percent in Michigan. In predominantly
Slavs (47-41 percent for Carter) and Hispanic-
Democratic and Catholic Massachusetts (remember:
Americans, too small a segment of the registered elec-
McGovern won there) The Boston Globe reported a poll
torate for a reliable estimate in an opinion poll.
taken in late August, when Ford was much weaker in
The decline in Carter's support among Catholics and
the polls than now, which gave the President a
some other white ethnic groups is reflected in the dis-
favorable rating over Carter of 49 to 44 percent.
tribution of regional strength. Two weeks ago, Carter
Carter's weakness among Catholics, a group that has
continued to hold his overwhelming advantage
invariably supplied victorious Democratic presidential
reported in all earlier polls in the South (56-34 percent)
nominees with a large part of their majority, has also
and to lead by a lesser margin (47 to 43 percent) in what
brought about their defection from the registered elec-
has become in recent years the most Democratic
torate as a whole. The NBC poll found the gap between
region, New England. Ford was in the lead, however, in
the two candidates, which was well over 30 percent
the densely populated middle Atlantic (47 to 44 percent)
following the Democratic convention, is now smaller
and the Midwest industrial states (47-36), while the
than at any time since April; 46 percent for Carter to 41
two candidates were about even (42' for Carter and 41
percent for Ford. If probable voters, as distinct from
for Ford) in the West.
registered ones, are taken into consideration, Ford's
What accounts for the Catholic defection? There is
deficit may be even less, for all the polls agree that 1976
no reliable answer to this question, particularly since no
is a very low-interest election, and that a quarter or
publicly available opinion poll has focused on this issue.
more of registered voters will probably not go to the
We know from surveys taken during the primary that
polls. Since non-voters tend to come heavily from less
Jimmy Carter's main support came from black and
privileged, darker and younger Democratic ranks, the
white Protestants. Historically victims of bigotry they
difference in popularity between the two nominees
identify with Southern Protestantism, the largely ur-
among those most likely to vote suggested by the latest
ban and non-southern Catholics and Jews seemingly
NBC poll was probably around three percent.
found his evangelical religion, his accent and his
Religious affiliation and ethnic background continue
cultural style alien to their experience and backed his
to affect the way people vote. Carter does best with
rivals for the nomination. Following the New York con-
traditionally Democratic and liberal Jews, with over a
vention, the majority of Catholics and Jews supported
two-and-one-half to one lead among them. His fellow
him, but pollsters recorded that Carter voters in these
Baptists, who comprise a quarter of the entire elec-
groups expressed many more reservations about their
Time, 10/4/76 (Cont.)
Strategy
22
CARTER/MONDALE CAMPAIGN
Jimmy Carter's
New Energy Adviser
Presidential candidate Jimmy Carter has hired a
new energy expert. S. David Freeman. who has be-
come attached to the Carter policy-planning opera-
tion in Atlanta. He's concentrating on energy policies
and options that Carter is likely to consider if elected.
Freeman has an interesting background. He worked
on energy policy under President Nixon, but resigned
that positon on Aug. 31. 1971, out of disappointment
with the conservative approach taken toward energy
by the Republican Administration.
After returning to the academic community, he
persuaded the Ford Foundation to undertake a $4-
million energy study and to name him director. In his
report titled. "A Time to Choose: America's Energy
Future," Freeman recommended the creation of "a
federal oil and gas corporation
that would explore.
develop and produce oil and gas on federal lands." Its
function would also be "to assert public control over
oil industry activities."
Following completion of his Ford Foundation en-
ergy study. Freeman joined the U.S. Senate Com-
merce Committee as a consultant and assisted Sen.
Adlai Stevenson (D.-III.) to draft a bill to implement
the Ford Foundation energy recommendation.
Writing for the Democratic Socialist Organizing
Committee, Michael Harrington praised the bill
Freeman helped to draft. claiming that the federal oil
and gas corporation to be established by the bill would
enable "America
to learn the skills and techniques
for the eventual (as soon as possible) socialization of
the rest of the industry. Therefore, Socialists see the
bill
as a first step toward. a laboratory for, further
socialization. We agree in principle with those who
insist on public ownership. but we want to be very
careful to specify practical ways to shift not simply
the title of ownership. but real power into the people's
hands."
Image
Why the Election will be Close
ELECTION
Fighting the Image War
by Walter Dean Burnham
They're off and running. As of now the ultimate out-
as the McGee post-card registration bill and the pro-
come of the Ford-Carter contest obviously is unknown.
jected AFL-CIO registration drive. Clearly these
But it is not too soon to make some predictions about
hurdles do matter: if the state took full responsibility
the unfolding shape of this election campaign and dis-
for enrolling voters, as it does everywhere else in the
cuss their underlying rationale. First, turnout in this
Western world, this by itself would raise participation
election will be at or below the all-time lows of 1920 and
rates by between 10 and 12 percent. For 1976, however,
1924: probably less than half of the potential electorate
this would probably mean that turnout would return to
will bother to make a choice. Second, the Republican
about the mediocre 62 percent reached in 1960, despite
campaign will be oriented toward stressing all the old
the great gains in Southern electoral participation since
traditional values of American politics and economics.
then, which were stimulated by the Civil Rights Acts of
It will also, naturally, stress Gerald Ford's incumbency,
1965 and 1970. In 18 other countries with competitive
his old-shoe personality, and the current state of peace
Western-style party systems, a mean of 83.4 percent of
and an improving economy. Third, this conservative
the potential electorate cast valid votes in the early
campaign will do much better than the conventional
1970s. We can reasonably assume, then, that about
wisdom of midsummer would have supposed, for two
two-thirds of the enormous American abstention rate
reasons: the personality and issue-projections of Jimmy
finds some directly political explanation, and this
Carter, and the relative importance of inflation as
assumption is given major support by a just-released
survey of prospective nonvoters by Peter Hart. In this
against unemployment for the half of the population
poll, far the most important single reason given by non-
that will actually vote in November. Finally, the public-
voters for their prospective abstention is that "Can-
opinion polls are more suspect than usual. Public opi-
didates say one thing and do another" (68 percent of the
nion this year is both extremely volatile and charged
sample regard this as important). The question receiv-
with free-floating hostility toward politics and
ing the second largest proportion of "important"
politicians. Paradoxically, this hostility may once again
responses (55 percent) is no more cheerful: "It doesn't
work to the benefit of the incumbent rather than the
make any difference who is elected because things
challenger. Above all, however, the election will be
never seem to work out right." The first question in-
decided by the aggregate judgment of those who vote
volves a fundamental issue of democratic accountabili-
on the personal qualifications, as they see them, of the
ty, and the second an almost equally basic issue of the
two men. Victory will go to the winner of the image
meaningfulness of elections in the shaping of public
events. If Hart's projections are correct, the sense of
war.
Analysis of each of these themes can cast useful light
alienation and futility is now so widespread among the
on our electoral politics as it operates today. We may
adult population that only about 47 percent of them will
begin with the question of who votes and who doesn't.
bother to vote in November. If so, this will be the lowest
Turnout in American presidential elections has always
level of participation since the creation of the party
system in the late 1820s.
been lower during this century than participation rates
Who votes and who doesn't in American elections?
in virtually any other Western nation. The data in World
The answer here has been clear for years: broadly, the
Handbook of Political and Social Indicators reveals that, for the
upper half of the American class structure participates,
mid-1960s, the United States ranked 12th from the bot-
the lower half abstains. The typical nonvoter would be,
tom among 104 countries, between the turnouts of
say, a nonwhite young woman who had not completed
Barbados (91st) and Mexico (93rd). Moreover, par-
high school and whose family's income was below
ticipation has been falling at an accelerating rate since
$8000 per year. The typical voter, on the other hand,
1960. Only 55.7 percent of the potential electorate
would be a professional or managerial white middle-
voted for President in 1972, and only 41.1 percent for
aged male who had completed college and whose family
congressmen in 1974.
income was $15,000 or more. Long ago, in discussing
It is a truism of mainstream thinking on the subject
this problem, I pointed out that this hole in the active
that our low participation rates have much to do with
electorate corresponded to the place in the social struc-
the registration hurdles that would-be voters have to
ture where a Socialist or Laborite party "ought" to have
cross in order to cast their ballots, hence such initiatives
developed in the United States, as such parties did
develop in almost all other Western political systems.
The New Republic, 10/2/76 (Cont.)
27
Image
ELECTION
HE FORD-CARTER CHARACTER
The meanings people find in the ink patterns of a Ror-
Carter was never a star athlete, but he shares the com-
schach test reveal their personality. Americans have been in-
petitive instincts that Ford honed on the gridiron at the Uni-
tently studying, as they would Rorschach patterns, the im-
versity of Michigan. In less positive ways, too, there are sim-
ages of Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter-not to find out about
ilarities. Both candidates can also be quite stubborn when
themselves, but about the candidates. The first TV debate
they have decided on a political course of action.
failed to bring that one lightning revelation of character that
But there are major and obvious differences as well Ford
many had hoped for. Thus there is no substitute for studying
is affable and gregarious and enjoys nothing more than a bull
the candidates through careful reporting and psychological
session in the White House with old friends. Carter. although
surmise.
a good one-on-one campaigner who likes to meet people in
The two contenders share many traits. Both are men of in-
public, has a deep sense of privacy and relaxes by taking soli-
tegrity and decency. The cornerstone of Ford's campaign is
tary walks in the Georgia woods. Both are highly intelligent.
his claim to have restored trust to the White House. Among
But Carter is a quick study, introspective and contemplative;
the Democratic candidates who competed in the primaries,
Ford assimilates information more slowly, but has an im-
Carter was the first to perceive that trust would probably be
pressive grasp of complex and diverse subjects. Fred Green-
the major issue in the campaign. Each is offering his record
stein, a political science professor at Princeton, believes that
of probity as an index to his trustworthiness. Both are de-
Carter is sometimes "almost too cool in his capacity to turn
voted family men and each has a deep religious faith. Carter
the other cheek," but he displays flashes of anger ("when
is a born-again evangelical; Ford is an Episcopalian who par-
he's hot, he's very hot"), which Greenstein contrasts with
ticipates in weekly White House prayer meetings. Says
Ford's equanimity.
Georgetown University's Political Scientist Jeane Kirkpat-
As only five weeks remain before the election. and the
rick: "They come from modest origins, having achieved per-
"personality issue" seems more crucial than ever, TIME here
sonal success with hard work. Neither has the style of an
presents assessments of the candidates by two correspondents
urban sophisticate like a Kennedy or Roosevelt. Boch have
who have regularly covered them. Dean Fischer reports on
high levels of self-control"
Ford, Stanley Cloud on Carter:
TEAM PLAYER MAKES GOOD
cessity of rationing his time; when he is
grandeur in the European manner.
caught in open-ended discussions, he
IfFord is perceived as an honest and
clenches his pipe firmly in his teech-a
forthright man, a majority of Americans
sign of smoldering irritation. His infre-
still do not feel he is a strong leader.
quent outbursts are set off by issues that
After two years as President, he remains
challenge his convictions. He startled an
the slight underdog in a struggle with a
aide a few months ago by denouncing,
man-all but unknown a year ago-who
in barracks-room language, Congress-
has no national record at all. Ford is
men seeking to abolish covert activities
not 2 dynamic President He is sound,
of the CIA abroad.
solid and steady-a known quantity. If
Still, the friendly man from Grand
his caution prevents him from providing
Rapids has not let the White House
exciting leadership, it also minimizes the
go to his head. He would never exper-
risks. His composure is unlikely to crack
e is the prototypical Midwesterner
iment-as Richard Nixon briefly did
under the strain of crisis. Ford was no-
-big, bluff, hearty, unassuming,
-with dressing up the guards in comic-
tably relaxed while handling the cele-
everyone's favorite neighbor. Ger-
opera uniforms in the hope of evoking
brated Mayaguez affair. "We've got a
ald Rudolph Ford Jr.-Eagle
FORD AT WORK WITH AIDES RICHARD CHENEY, MAX FRIEDERSDORF & JOHN MARSH
Scout, football hero. Yale Law School
alumnus, 13-term Congressman, House
minority leader, accidental President
-never aspired to the office he inher-
ited. Since Aug. 9, 1974, his strengths
and fauits have been on public display.
If what makes Jimmy Carter tick still re-
mains obscure to millions of Americans,
Ford is no secret to anyone.
At this stage, Ford is unlikely to
change his basic careful, conservative
philosophy, but he has grown in office.
He is less narrowly partisan than he was.
Exposure to national and international
problems has broadened his perspective.
He no longer feels uncomfortable in the
presence of such world leaders as West
Germany's Helmut Schmidt and the So-
viet Union's Leonid Brezhnev.
Ford is not often angry, but he is
more easily irritated now than he was
two years ago. He has realized the ne-
Image
35
ELECTION
HOW BUSINESSMEN SIZE UP
THE PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES
Irving S. Shapiro,
ment deficit spending, on excessive fed-
Chairman, the
eral regulation of business and on the
Du Pont Company.
reluctance of Government to provide a
tax structure that will stimulate capital
investment. The consumer is still very
Among many of this country's business
much worried over whether the Cov.
A
leaders, there is a feeling that no
ernment can control inflation.
matter who wins the Presidency next
I strongly support President Ford's
month, they still will have a friend in the
action in using his veto power to control
White House.
excessive spending.
That is the view of a cross section of
START from this premise: If business-
One of my concerns about a Carter
corporate executives, bankers and
men look back at 1972 and the choice
Administration is that it would mean the
economists asked by this magazine to
that they then had, 1976 is a glorious
loss of that veto power over new con-
appraise candidates Gerald Ford and
period.
gressional spending programs.
Jimmy Carter-their strengths and
I'm comfortable with both candidates
weaknesses, their leadership qualities,
from a business point of view. They both
A. Robert Abboud,
and their stands on business issues.
are in the mainstream of American
Chairman, First
Most of those surveyed predict a con-
thinking and action. My hunch is that if
National Bank
tinuation of good times next year, re-
they were just seated in a room by
of Chicago.
gardless of who is elected.
themselves, each with a martini in his
A majority favor Ford, giving him high
hand, you'd find they agreed more than
marks for having controlled inflation
they disagreed.
and having kept the economy moving
Both are dedicated to the health and
ahead at a steady pace.
prosperity of the country, to civil rights
But even among Ford supporters
and liberties in the real meaning of
there are some who say they would not
those words, and dedicated to strength
G
ENERALLY, I AGREE with Governor
be unduly distressed by a Carter victory.
in our relations abroad.
Carter's analysis that a little more
While still in the dark about many of his
President Ford has done a fine job of
stimulation for business is needed now.
economic beliefs, they feel that Carter
taking over a total mess when he be-
The recovery we've seen sò far is mainly
"understands business" and in any case
came President. And Governor Carter is
a technical reaction by business to the
would face restraints from Congress
obviously no Senator McGovern. He is a
deep slide we suffered in the recession.
should he propose abrupt changes in
man who comes from the soil, and he is
There's always a risk of higher inflation
economic or social policies.
one who understands the role of busi-
from adopting greater stimulation, but
The business leaders who are firm
ness in the American system.
that's a tightrope any Chief Executive
backers of Carter-a minority among
On Governor Carter's economics, I
has to contend with.
those surveyed-feel that he would pro--
would quarrel with his support of the
I don't favor the Humphrey-Hawkins
vide "a fresh face and a fresh point of
consumer-protection-agency bill. It is to-
bill, which Carter supports. It calls for
view" in a jaded capital and could exert
tally useless. You shouldn't need a spe-
spending too much money to create
strong leadership in such legislative
cial agency in Government to protect
jobs-spending that would not be offset
areas as tax reform and moves to cut
the consumer's interests when that is
by savings in unemployment payments
unemployment.
what government is supposed to be all
or by new taxes.
Some of those polled did not speak for
about
I'm bothered by Carter's talk about
attribution. Others agreed to be quoted.
cutting defense spending; that would be
What follows are appraisals in their own
Arthur M. Wood,
a mistake. And I don't think farmers
words from a sampling of those who
Chairman, Sears,
want to go back to a subsidy program. In
gave their views to U.S. News & World
Roebuck & Company.
Illinois, at least, there is overwhelming
Report on the record.
sentiment for getting the Government
out of the commodity business.
One issue that neither candidate has
addressed is the problem of the cities.
The need for new investment to refur-
bish and rebuild them makes other
problems pale by comparison.
M
Y MAIN CONCERNS at this time cen-
Businessmen generally have great re-
ter on inflation fueled by Govern-
spect for the President and some appre-
hension about Carter. But you can't dis-
U.S. News & World Report, 10/4/76 (Cont.)
38
Strategy
ELECTION
Campaigns are Gunning for Those
Who 'Vote the Man not the Party'
While the campaigns have different ideas about who should be in the White
House next year, they have similar ideas about how their candidates can get there.
BY MICHAEL J. MALBIN
which candidate they can trust to make
and that "no issue has any significance
their decisions for them.
at all to presidential voters" except as
It's no surprise that the campaign teams
With the character of the presidential
it influences the voters' perceptions of
of President Ford and Jimmy Carter
candidates assuming increasing import-
the candidates.
have different ideas about who should
ance, the volatility of this year's nation-
States: Once one gets beyond generali-
be sworn in as President next Jan. 20.
al polls becomes more understandable.
ties to the two candidates' state-based
What is a surprise is that the campaign
The major party candidates this year
electoral vote strategy, the campaign
National Journal 9/25/76
39
Strategy
ELECTION
Playing Politics with Vacancies
Presidential campaign promises are not to be taken too seri-
crats, Carter charges that half the Ford and Nixon Adminis-
ously, as everyone knows. On the other hand. campaign
trations' regulatory appointees came from regulated indus-
promises cannot be taken too lightly, as Richard Nixon
tries. On the other hand. regulators must be qualified "by
learned.
training and equipment." If training and equipment cannot
Inasmuch as the 1976 presidential campaign is the first
come from direct or indirect association with regulated in-
since Nixon's demise. the Democratic presidential candidate
dustries, it can come only through government experience.
naturally promises to "take a new broom to Washington."
State experience. however, seems not to qualify a nominee
National Journal 9/25/76
Issues
ELECTION
ENERGY: EMERGING ISSUE
IN PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN
Few problems are as press-
Organization of Petroleum Exporting
Little, if any, progress has been
Countries-the OPEC cartel-meets
ing, but until the first debate
made toward production of synthetic
December 15 in Qatar on the Persian
fuels. Plans to wring oil from shale are in
energy was hardly mentioned.
Gulf. Present basic price of $11.51 a
abeyance. Plants to produce gas and oil
barrel is expected to rise by at least
from coal are not off the drawing boards.
A fresh look puts a deepening
$1.50-adding as much as 2 cents per
Congress has refused to approve mea-
crisis in perspective.
gallon to the pump price of gasoline in
sures that have been proposed to en-
this country.
courage such ventures.
Oil from Alaska may not arrive on
Given these discouraging trends, en-
The nation's energy crisis is drifting
schedule in the "Lower 48" States in
ergy analysts are hoping that the candi-
from bad to worse, and those who chart
mid-1977 as had been promised. Faulty
dates will come forward soon with more
America's fuel needs give these reasons:
welds and other setbacks threaten to
specific plans to bring the crisis under
Gasoline usage alone is breaking all
delay completion of the trans-Alaska
control than those presented in the first
records, averaging around 7.2 million
pipeline on schedule. Use of California
debate.
barrels a day for much of the summer.
ports to handle oil that would be sent by
Many feel the President is vulnerable
That is 3.5 per cent above 1975 levels.
pipeline to other parts of the U.S. is
on this issue. He largely abandoned his
U.S. wells can't begin to supply the
being fought by State officials.
original plan to deal with the crisis when
fuel for this driving binge and the na-
Natural-gas production continues to
he signed the Energy Policy and Conser-
tion's many other needs for oil. Produc-
dwindle. Interstate pipelines will curtail
vation Act late in 1975. That measure
tion now is down to 8.1 million barrels of
deliveries 27 per cent below last year.
rolled back oil prices at the start of the
crude oil per day-a drastic drop from
Even a normally cold winter may force
1976 election year, and now lets them
the 1970 peak of 9.6 million barrels.
some factories to shut down for lack of
rise only gradually.
Foreign oil is coming into this coun-
gas. Many plants are converting their
Before signing that bill, Mr. Ford had
try in a flood tide to take up the slack.
operations to oil, a move that will mean
advocated sharply higher fuel costs as
Imports, running a million barrels a day
the importation of even more petroleum
the best way to encourage both produc-
above last year's level, supply more than
into this country.
tion and conservation of energy.
40 per cent of U.S. needs.
Use of electricity, after leveling off
Candidates' views. Mr. Carter, on
Arab nations are providing more
for two years, now is growing at the
the eve of the first debate, unveiled a
and more of the imported oil. Vulner-
same rate as before the Arab embargo
plan to create a Cabinet-level energy
ability to another embargo is far greater
shocked Americans into the realization
agency. In the debate, citing the rising
than during the 1973-74 stoppage by
that this country could not meet all its
tide of imported oil, he said:
Arabs. Saudi Arabia has taken over from
own energy needs. Power use increased
"We need to shift from oil to coal.
Canada and Venezuela as the No. 1
by 5.2 per cent in the first half of this
We need to shift very strongly toward
supplier of foreign oil to the U.S.
year. If that rate of growth continues,
solar power and have strict conservation
Another sharp boost in world oil
widespread brownouts and blackouts are.
measures and then, as a last resort only,
prices seems almost certain when the
predicted in the early 1980s.
continue to use atomic power."
Mr. Carter said, too,
that he would require
One Measure of U.S. Gasoline Use
mandatory conservation
of fuel, but did not spell
Americans have been
using a record
7.2 million barrels of gasoline per day
out details. Nor did he
outline specific plans to
bring about the shift from
oil to coal.
Earlier, the Democratic
candidate had advocated
continuing oil price con-
573 autos HOW New York CAND LDS Angeles
trol and a study of the
possible breakup of big oil
companies.
President Ford, in re-
buttal to Mr. Carter, said:
"I think you have to have
greater oil and gas pro-
duction, more coal pro-
duction, more nuclear
production, and energy
conservation."
Meanwhile, U.S. high-
Note: Computation based on
ways are again clogged
15 miles per gallon of gasoline.
with cars, campers and
recreational vehicles-
Time
10/4/76
(Cont
42
FOREIGN POLICY
Africa
WHY AFRICA IS SUCH AN
INVITING TARGET FOR RUSSIA
Joseph Fromm, a Deputy Editor of the magazine, attend-
campaign against the U.S. peace effort on the continent.
ed a meeting in Europe of strategic planners from key
Other, more dangerous avenues for troublemaking are open
nations. Following is his cabled report of how these
to the Kremlin. Experts agree that the Russians will continue
experts assess the impact that Russia's mushrooming
to supply weapons and training to guerrillas seeking black-
military strength is having on the rest of the world.
majority rule in Rhodesia and Namibia. Another possibility:
intervention by the Moscow-supported Cuban expeditionary
VIENNA
force that was instrumental in bringing a Marxist-oriented
The spectacular build-up of global military power by the
regime to power in Angola
Soviet Union raises crucial questions for the United States
Oblique course. Direct use of Soviet military power is
and its allies.
virtually ruled out. Such drastic action would surely jeopar-
One question that is getting attention now is whether
dize détente with the U.S. and Western Europe, which some
Russia will try to exploit racial unrest in southern Africa and
authorities still see as the Soviet Union's No. 1 foreign-policy
sabotage American efforts to bring peace to the region.
objective. And Russia, for all its new-found military muscle, is
Leading Western strategists, meeting here in mid-Septem-
not eager to lock horns with America.
ber, came to this conclusion:
Few Western planners expect Russia itself to jump directly
The Kremlin, reluctant to gamble on a direct military
into fresh African adventures. The Kremlin is too cautious for
confrontation with the U.S., will find irresistible the tempta-
that. Moscow's major fear is that it could become bogged
tion to give increasingly active support to black "national
down in a debilitating Vietnam-type situation. "Also," says a
liberation" guerrillas on the African continent.
European analyst, "the allure of manipulations in southern
"The Soviet interest," observes a French analyst, "is in a
Africa could be moderated by a fear of hazardous counterac-
protracted military conflict between blacks and whites, rath-
tions by the West."
er than in success of America's last-minute attempt at concil-
Russia's experience in the Mideast is cited as a good
iation in Rhodesia, Namibia and South Africa."
example of the trouble the heavy-handed Kremlin can run
Upper hand. Western authorities stress that aggravating
into when it tries to meddle directly in the affairs of other
tensions in Africa is one of the few cards Russia has to play in
countries. For 20 years, the Soviets poured billions of dollars'
competition with the U.S. for influence in the "third world."
worth of modern arms into radical Arab states in a naked bid
They make this point: Developing countries, even those
for influence and military advantage. Yet today much of that
that are the most anti-Ameri-
investment appears to be going
can, realize they must look to
down the drain. Not only have
Washington-not Moscow-if
the Russians been kicked out of
they hope to break out of their
Egypt, but they also are losing
poverty and backwardness. It is
ground in most other Arab
the U.S. and its industrial allies
nations.
that are being called upon to
Despite Moscow's humiliat-
construct a new economic or-
ing stumble in the Middle East,
der that would narrow the
Allied strategists are convinced
enormous gap between the
that Kremlin leaders will press
have and have-not nations. Rus-
on with their attempts to cap-
sia, economically inferior to the
italize on Soviet weaponry. A
Western countries, is relegated
top European specialist on the
to the sidelines.
Soviet-American balance of
In this situation, specialists
power explains why: "The Sovi-
say the Kremlin may view a
et Union, given its lack of cul-
race war in southern Africa as a
tural and economic attraction,
chance to turn the third world
is now almost completely de-
against America and to rein-
pendent on arms to make
force Soviet interests by lining
friends and influence people."
up actively behind the blacks,
But Moscow has its work cut
particularly if blacks can be
out for it. Experts agree that
convinced that the United
Russia's impressive gains in
States is too protective of white-
armed strength, even its hur-
minority interests in the region.
ried construction of a modern
Russia is wasting little time.
Even while Secretary of State
BUNDAP
"blue water" Navy, may have
come at a time when it is in-
Henry Kissinger was in Africa,
creasingly difficult for any
shuttling from capital to capital,
country to convert its military.
Moscow's controlled press was
punch into global influence.
leveling a strident propaganda
THE CHOREOGRAPHER.
Says one of Britain's foremost
U.S News & World Report 10/4/76 (Cont.)
News
Comment
R.
The President's Daily News Summary
GERALD
FOOD
LIBRARY
Leading The News
FOR TUESDAY AFTERNOON, September 28, 1976
NEWS WRAP-UP
Wall St. Journal
1, 2
FORD/DOLE
Strategy
Ford to Confer with Foreign Ministers AP, UPI, Morning Shows 3
Dole Says Farmers will Fare Better
Under GOP
AP, UPI, Morning Shows 3, 4
South Welcomes Ford, but
hedges on endorsement
C. S. Monitor
5
Cartoon
Houston Chronicle
6
Issues
Ford Clouds Gun-control Issue
C. S. Monitor
7
Cartoon
Chicago Tribune
7
CARTER/MONDALE
Strategy
Carter in Plains to Reassess
Strategy
AP, UPI, Morning Shows 8
Carter Team Gearing to make
Watergate Big Issue
Good Morning, America 9
Funds
Carter Has Shaky Rock Music Link
UPI, Good Morning
9
Issues
Carter takes on newsmen; assails
Ford "hiding" tactic
C. S. Monitor
10
Carter Poses Threat to "right-to-
work" laws
C. S. Monitor
11
CARTER/MONDALE (continued)
Debates
Carter:
"I Lost My Cool'
New York Post
12
Playboy Religious Adviser
NY Daily News
13
ELECTION
Debates Reaction
What Happaned to Poetry in Politics? NY Daily News
14
Issues
What Happened to Civil Rights?
Wall St. Journal
15
FOREIGN POLICY
Africa
Britain Sends Envoy to Settle
African Stalemate
AP, UPI, Morning Shows 16
HAK Says Black Leaders Have Accepted
Basic African Plan
Today Show
16, 17
Explaining Rhodesia
Wall St. Journal
18
ADMINISTRATION
Cartoon
Dallas Times-Herald
19
Defense
Rumsfeld: Soviets Building
Nuclear Arsenal
AP, UPI, Morning Shows 20
INTERNATIONAL
Mideast
Renewed Fighting Breaks Out in
Lebanon
AP, UPI, Morning Shows 21
Underdeveloped Countries
C. S. Monitor
21
CONGRESS
Saudi Arabia
White House Fears Hill Actions May
Alienate Arabs
AP, UPI, Morning Shows 22
Revenue Sharing
Conferees Vote to Extend Revenue
Sharing
AP, UPI, Morning Shows 22
-1-
News Wrapup
World-Wide
A resolution to block the sale of 650 mis-
siles to Saudi Arabia will be reconsidered by
FORD PROMISED to fight crime; Car-
the Senate Foreign Relations Committee,
ter said the GOP has made millions poor.
which approved it late last week. Chairman
President Ford wound up a three-day
John Sparkman (D. Ala.) withdrew the reso-
swing through the South by telling a conven-
lution from the Senate calendar after Vice
tion of police chiefs in Miami that he intends
President Rockefeller told him it "greatly
to
and
100
dave
distressed" the Ford administration.
W.S. Journal, 9-28-76
-2-
News Wrapup
*
Business and Finance
Saga Petroleum withdrew as
an active participant in Guatema-
The nar-
la's first oil field. That makes
season-
ally adjusted $757.7 million from
Saga the second Norwegian con-
cern in months to curtail Western
July's $827.1 million, but August's
red-ink showing was still the na-
Hemisphere oil activities.
tion's third larrest on record Five
Strategy
-3-
FORD/DOLE
Ford to Confer with Foreign Ministers
President Ford plans to do some scene-setting for his second
televised debate with Jimmy Carter by conferring at the White House
with a procession of visiting foreign ministers today.
Hans-Dietrich Genscher, foreign minister of West Germany,
was to start the parade to the Oval Office.
Ron Nessen said foreign ministers of the Soviet Union, Britain,
France, Italy and other unspecified nations would follow Genscher.
To help underscore his claim of on-the-job experience, Ford
summoned Democratic and Republican leaders of Congress to the
White House today to discuss efforts to promote racial peace in
southern Africa.
Secretary Kissinger was to brief the lawmakers and, at a
subsequent meeting today, the full Cabinet.
Nessen said the foreign ministers who will confer with Ford
will be in the United States in connection with the annual
session of the United Nations General Assembly.
--AP, UPI, Morning Shows (9/28/76)
Strategy
FORD/DOLE
Dole Says Farmers Will Fare Better Under GOP
Senator Bob Dole said Monday U. S. Farmers should have
greater access to world markets, an export policy he says he' 11
help foster if the GOP ticket is elected.
Dole's message in farm areas is clear: Even if farmers are
still mad about President Ford's 1975 grain embargo, they stand to
fare a lot better under another Ford administration than they will
if Jimmy Carter is elected.
He hammered away at this theme at campaign stops in Moline,
Rock Island and Quincy, Ill, and was expected to make similar
appeals today in Decatur, Ill., and in Marietta and Newark, Ohio.
It's all part of a renewed effort by the Dole campaign to try
to pick up votes in traditionally GOP areas of the rural Midwest
where campaign strategists feel the ticket has run into some
problems.
Dole told a meeting sponsored by the Chamber of Commerce at
Quincy College Monday night that it is "not going to happen again
unless there's some extreme emergency."
-4-
And he depicted Carter's farm policy as one leading to more
federal regulation of farmers and their products, while
claiming that the Ford administration would help farmers find new
overseas markets for their crops.
Meanwhile, the Secret Service was "monitoring" an
investigation of four bombs which exploded Monday night at a
Quincy industrial plant and a fifth explosion that damaged a
bridge retaining wall.
A Secret Service spokesman in Washington said, "We don't think
there is any connection between the explosion and the visit of
Sen. Dole in the area. "
Dole told reporters earlier he and Ford are slightly
ahead in Illinois, though local Democrats claimed otherwise. (CBS)
Republican gubernatorial candidate James "Big Jim" Thompson,
is far ahead of his Democratic opponent in the polls and Dole
told a rally at Ford headquarters in a converted tire store
in Quincy "we're going to hang onto his coattails -- any
coattails we can find."
AP, UPI, Morning Shows (9/28/76)
Strategy
-5-
FORD/DOLE CAMPAIGN
South welcomes
Ford, but hedges
on endorsement
By Godfrey Sperling Jr.
Staff correspondent of
The Christian Science Monitor
Miami
President Ford now. is getting smiles and
Mr. Ford was pushing his "I am the con-;
even approval in the South
servative - Carter the liberal" theme wher-.
But. reporters in the sizable and friendly
ever he goes.
crowds Mr. Ford is attracting find that while
The debate appears to have helped Mr. Ford
Southerners may he weakening in
in calling this thesis Tf nothing also Mr Ford
C.S. Monitor, 9/28/76
-6- -
Strategy
FORD/DOLE CAMPAIGN
P°C EMGELHARDT
Sr. LOVIS
'This time you'll be signing a proclamation for
National Chuckwalla Week, a postcard to
Jack and your laundry list'
Houston Chronicle, 9/22/76
Issues
FORD/DOLE CAMPAIGN
Ford clouds gun-control issue
President Ford ought to be clearly defining
suring the hunters that they are not the targets
the issue of gun control and taking a presiden-
of gun control. It is the federal registration and
tial lead in achieving it before the national
control of handguns that are being sought 71
record of carnage becomes even worse. In-
guns whose primary use is against people.
stead, according to the reports of his Southern
Mr. Ford also made fuzzy statements such
C.S. Monitor, 9/28/76
or
Either it the Secret Service or something to do with seeing if anybody is picking up
his latest galfing. tabs."
Chicago Tribune, 9/28/76
Strategy
-8-
CARTER/MONDALE
Carter in Plains to Reassess Strategy
Jimmy Carter is back home for two days of rest and re-
evaluation of his strategy for the remainder of the campaign.
Campaign aides have long said that he would take time off near
the end of September to decide how best to spend his time during
the remainder of the campaign.
Jody Powell acknowledged that the nominee has changed his basic
campaign speech since the debate with Ford last Wednesday. He
said Carter's speeches have had the human and intimate quality of
the primary season.
In his two days at home, Carter also plans to pore over a
thick briefing book on foreign policy and defense for the debate
with President Ford, and to look at video tapes of the first debate.
Carter begins a three-day campaign trip, primarily in the
East, on Thursday.
CArter ended a four-day campaign swing to the West and Midwest
Monday with new sarcasm in his assaults on Ford during speeches to
rallies in Portland, Oregon, and Evansville, Indiana.
At the Evansville Democratic party rally, Carter declared that
Ford "serves in the great tradition of Warren Harding, Herbert
Hoover and Richard Nixon." (ABC)
"When the became President, he said he was not a Lincoln but
a Ford. He told the truth. Ford's a good automobile that's not
doing too well in the White House. It's stuck in the mud with four
flat tires, out of gas, gears locked into reverse. If it ever
does move again, which I doubt, I'm sure it will try to back into
the future." (Networks)
The audience of some 6,000 in an indoor auditorium responded
with laughter, cheers and applause.
Earlier, in Portland, Carter indirectly accused Ford of close
collusion with lobbyists and special interest groups, disregarding
the American people.
--AP, UPI, Morning Shows (9/28/76)
Strategy
-9-
CARTER/MONDALE
Carter Team Gearing to Make Watergate Big Issue
Carter strategists are considering making Watergate
a major campaign issue, Jack Anderson reported today.
They may call upon the President to release all of the
tapes of his private conversations with Richard Nixon to see
whether Ford made an advance deal to pardon Nixon.
Anderson said that Ford can hardly refuse to release
the tapes without leaving the impression he has something
to hide.
Good Morning, America (9/28/76)
Funds
CARTER/MONDALE
Carter Has Shaky Rock Music Link
Some of the most crucial funds raised by Jimmy Carter's
Presidential campaign came from rock concerts arranged by
Capricorn Records Inc. which has been torn by bitterness and a
major drug inquiry.
Phil Walden, President and owner of Capricorn, sponsored
at least five concerts for Carter at a time when the former
Georgia Governor's campaign was financially strapped.
According to Carter Treasurer Robert Lipshutz, the concerts
netted $151,000 in profits and federal matching funds, far less
than reports of $700,000.
In the October issue of Los Angeles Magazine, it is
reported that two Carter stays last year at the posh Beverly Hills
Hotel were paid for by Frank Fitner, executive vice president
of Capricorn Records, Rona Barrett noted.
The records of Carter's two visits are missing according
to the manager of the hotel. (ABC)
UPI, Good Morning, America (9/28/76)
Issues
-10-
CARTER/MONDALE CAMPAIGN
Carter takes on newsmen;
assails Ford 'hiding' tactic
With the Carter campaign
Jimmy Carter and key members of his staff
Off-the-record session
are becoming increasingly frustrated and un-
Later; eight to ten- reporters were sum-
happy with much of the press coverage of this
moned to a private "gripe. session" with Mr.
year's presidential campaign.
Carter in the Royal Inn Hotel in San Diego.
Mr. Carter, speaking to & small group of
The meeting was off the record, but details.
newsmen complained that his
have leaked out
C.S. Monitor, 9/28/76
Issues
CARTER/MONDALE CAMPAIGN
Carter poses threat
to 'right-to-work' laws
Measures that let workers reject union tie
expected to be attacked if candidate wins
By Guy Halverson
Frankly, 14-B is far down the line for us at this
Business and financial correspondent of
point."
The Christian Scence Monitor
At the same time; the official adds that if re-
Washington
peal were. to be brought up, it would stand a
Controversial "right-to-work" laws 1 legisla-
"fair chance" of making it. through congres-
tion prohibiting workers from having to join a
sional hurdles. That would be particularly true;
union as a condition for employment - are ex-
he says, if labor made substantial Senate and
pected to come under sharp attack if Demo-
House gains in November.
cratic contender Jimmy Carter is elected to
Senate prospect unclear
the-White House.
Mr- Barson of the Right-to-Work Com-
Christian Science
Debates
-12-
CARTER/MONDALE CAMPAIGN
CARTER: 'I LOST MY COOL'
Or was Carter simply try-
It was Carter's first post-
By. JUDITH MICHAELSON
boy and, Norman Mailer
ing to prove he was not a
Labor Day trip to California,
N. Y. Post Correspondent
too much
square? At least one Carter
but it is hardly his last. With
MISSION VIEJO, Cal.
"Vows of silence, vows of
intimate suggested in a casu-
45 electoral votes, the most
In the midst of his long Cal-
silence," California Gov. Jerry:
al way that the candidate
of any state, California pro-
ifornia campaign weekend,
Brown said at one point. In
sometimes says what people
vides one-sixth of the margin
Jimmy Carter got up at a:
the back of Carter's cam-
want to hear.
needed for victory. As Powell
cocktail party and confessed
paign plane Peamit One:
And press secretary Jody
says, "If we carry the south
and non hold New Vork and
chanters. Among the pron
nent signs: To be born age
Playboy Interview
-13-
CARTER/MONDALE CAMPAIGN
GERALD
NACHMAN
Playboy Religious Adviser
A
LTHOUGH JIMMY CARTER told Playboy
that he looked at other women with lust in
his heart (perhaps even one or two in Playboy),
his revelation is but the tip of the volcano.
In an interview with New Sinner, Carter confesses
that he has likewise "eyed with pleasure at graven
image" (a totem pole), but finally decided that
New York Daily News, 9-28-76
-14-
Debates Reaction
ELECTION
MANEY
What happened to poetry in politics?
the difficulty of the individual confronted with the
PATRICK J. BUCHANAN
perils of unempioyment- - and began to manifest are
impatience, an anxiety, a concern- to do something-
Who won? On points, Mr. Ford. Carter, however;
was a
was assisted mightily by being placed, before the eyes:
nation did
of the nation. in a debate setting with the President of
not see two men arguing spiritedly with one
the United States - thus blacking out temporarily
another about the issues and matters on men's minds
the terrible campaign blunders of the previous week,
-but two men giving carefully rehearsed, oft-
the tax boo-hoo, and the Playboy interview.
repeated speech segments in response to questions
New York Daily News, 9-28-76
Issues
-15-
ELECTION
What Happened to Civil Rights?
By ARTHUR SCHLESINGER JR.
have done better, for themselves. as well as
ety. that makes pious gestures toward
The first debate appears to have left
for us, If they had insisted on raising the
equal opportunity while shoving non-whites
things pretty much as they were. It has not
deeper issues of our future. Like the pud-
back into semi-subordination? Are black
had anything like the electric impact of the
ding famously deplored by Winston
Americans stalemated by the division be-
first Kennedy-Nixon encounter. That, you
Churchill, they lacked a theme.
tween the few who have been able to capi-
will remember, produced a sharp increase
With the broad panorama of our na-
talize on the limited progress toward equal
W.S. Journal, 9/28/76
Africa
-16-
FOREIGN POLICY
Britain Sends Envoy to Settle African Stalemate
Britain's top official for African affairs was en route
to Botswana today to try to break a stalemate between black
leaders and Rhodesia over the US-British plan for bringing black
majority rule to Rhodesia within two years.
The plan, negotiated by Secretary Kissinger, ran into problems
Sunday when the five "front-line" black Presidents rejected
portions of it, particularly those dealing with the interim
government that will rule until the country's 5.9 million
blacks gain full power.
Rhodesian government sources said Premier Ian Smith's
Cabinet might begin formulating its reaction to the black
demands today.
--AP, UPI, Morning Shows (9/28/76)
Africa
FOREIGN POLICY
HAK Says Black Leaders Have Accepted Basic African Plan
While black African leaders have indicated there are certain
points of the minority rule plan which they wish to negotiate,
they have accepted the basic proposal, Secretary Kissinger said today.
"Each African leader has his own constituency," the Secretary
said. "Obviously there will have to be negotiations for the
transitional government."
The African Presidents have made a general statement that they
will not accept the "dictation" of all of Ian Smith's details, he
said. But the real differences will not be known until the
conference between both sides convenes.
Kissinger said the immediate problem is to bring the various
sides to the conference table within the framework of the present
principles.
"Britain has to take the lead in this because they have the
historical and constitutional responsibility," Kissinger noted, "We
will back it up diplomatically."
After the transitional government has been established, he said,
the US will then consider what kind of economic and military
cooperation it will provide to Africa.
-17-
"There are no secret commitments. There are economic
plans being prepared which will be submitted to Congress
abefore they are implemented," he added.
Kissinger also reiterated that he will not return to
Africa.
-Today Show (9/28/76)
СФЕР. COMMERCIAL APPEAL
Comercial Appeal, 9/18/76
Africa
-18-
FOREIGN POLICY
REVIEW & OUTLOOK
Explaining Rhodesia
Mr. Kissinger's risky personal.
have told the Senate Foreign Rela-
intervention in southern Africa has
tions Committee that the Ameri-
achieved its specific objective-
can share could come to several
Rhodesia's agreement to accept
hundred million (one source cavg
1
9-28-76
sate. whites, partly to train black agreement may be only a begin-
nino
-19-
ADMINISTRATION
-By BOB TAYLOR; Times Herald Staff Cartoonist
"But it went off by accident - I didn't even know it was loaded!"
Dallas Times-Herald, 9/19/76
Defense
-20-
ADMINISTRATION
Rumsfeld: Soviets Building Nuclear Arsenal
Defense Secretary Rumsfeld said Monday that the Russians
have an array of new missiles with deadly mirv warheads and
greater accuracy--but there is no urgent need to change U. S.
plans to meet the threat.
"In short, the Soviets appear to be on a steady building
program which could carrry them to a capability in excess of
that needed merely to deter nuclear war," Rumsfeld said.
John Cochran reported that Rumsfeld stopped short of
accusing the Soviets of preparing for a first-strike but said
the Soviet threat can only be countered by improving the U. S.
arsenal. (NBC)
--AP, UPI, Morning Shows
Mideast
INTERNATIONAL
Renewed Fighting Breaks Out In Lebanon
Savage fighting was reported today as Syrian troops and
tanks launched a new offensive to dislodge Palestinian guerrillas
from mountain strongholds overlooking Beirut, Lebanon.
The Palestinians said the attacks are an effort to push them
completely out of the Lebanese mountains. (CBS)
-- AP, UPI, MOrning Shows
-21-
Underdeveloped Countriés
INTERNATIONAL
The food gap
In the world's richest country, the number of
The World Bank confirms the repeated wis-
poor people rose by 2.5 million last year, the
dom of the past several years that the most ra-
biggest increase since the United States
tional way to: meet the bulk of future food
started keeping such statistics in 1959. If such
needs is through increased production in the
C.S. Monitor, 9/28/76
Saudi Arabia
CONGRESS
-22-
White House Fears Hill Actions May Alienate Arabs
The Ford Administration is concerned that two proposals
in Congress may antagonize Saudi Arabia.
Administration officials, while warning that acts against
Saudi Arabia could lead to higher world oil prices, denied a
report that Saudi Arabia has threatened the United States with
a new oil embargo.
The two sources of potential irritation are steps to halt
Ford Administration plans to sell 650 Maverick air-to-surface
missiles to Saudi Arabia and moves to penalize American firms
that honor the Arab boycott of Israel.
Secretary Kissinger appears today at a closed session of the
Senate Foreign Relations Committee seeking reversal of its 8-6 vote
last Friday urging the Senate to veto the Maverick missile sale.
--AP, UPI, Morning Shows
Revenue Sharing
Conferees Vote to Extend Revenue Sharing
Congressional conferees reached agreement early today on
a bill providing $25.5 billion in federal revenue-sharing
funds to states, cities and counties throught 1980.
The compromise bill is expected to be given final approval
by the House and SEnate this week. It then would go to President
Ford, a supporter of revenue-sharing.
--- AP, UPI, Morning Shows