Ask the Scholar

Document scope · 1 page
doc
Scholar
Ask about this object, its catalog metadata, its source description, or the page inventory. For page-specific OCR and visual context, open one of the page chats.

Scholar Source Context

Document identity
localId
1552805
label
September 26, 1974 - Ford, Bipartisan Congressional Leadership
core
doc
dtoType
document
pageCount
1
Source metadata
id
1552805
contentType
document
title
September 26, 1974 - Ford, Bipartisan Congressional Leadership
collections
Memoranda of Conversations (Nixon and Ford Administrations)
Ford Administration Memoranda of Conversations
subjects
Greece
Cyprus
Turkey
Soviet Union
Foreign aid
Jews
Petroleum
Trade policy
imageCount
1
hasImages
yes
source
import
hasTranscription
no
Source extras
naId
1552805
coverageEndDate
day
26
logicalDate
1974-09-26
month
9
year
1974
coverageStartDate
day
26
logicalDate
1974-09-26
month
9
year
1974
levelOfDescription
fileUnit
recordType
description
ocrSource
nara-archive
Single page context
seq
1
pageIndex
0
type
document
mediaId
0f0a02fe0a20daf8
ocrText
Scowarts MEMORANDUM THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON SECRET MEMORANDUM OF CONVERSATION PARTICIP ANTS: The President Secretary Henry A. Kissinger Senator Mike Mansfield Senator Hugh Scott Senator William Fulbright Senator George Aiken Senator Hubert Humphrey Congressman Thomas O'Neill Congressman John Rhodes Congressman Thomas Morgan Congressman Peter Frelinghuysen L/General Brent Scowcroft Mr. William Timmons DATE AND TIME: Wednesday, September 26, 1974 PLACE: Family. Dining Room, The Residence DECLASSIFIED NSC MEMO, 11/24/98, STATE DEPT. GUIDELINES Stateleview 3/9/04 SUBJECT: Bipartisan Leadership Breakfast with the President The President: I appreciate Mike's holding the Foreign Assistance Bill so NARA, DATE 5/5/04 we could talk over Turkish aid, the Foreign Assistance Bill and the Trade Bill. Doc, you approved the modified Turkish language. E.O. 12958, SEC. 3.5 Congressman Morgan: It passed by a vote of 19 to 11. The President: I hope we can make it stick on the floor. Then, Mike helped get the same into the Senate aid bill. Henry, would you explain the situation we are in. BY SECRET FORD Listinity & GERALD TOP SECRET XGDS (3) CLASSIFIED BY: HENRY A. KISSINGER File scanned from the National Security Adviser's Memoranda of Conversation Collection at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library FUND SECRET - 2 - GERALD LIBRARY Secretary Kissinger: Let me do two things -- explain the diplomacy and then the legal situation. The Greek domestic situation is extremely complex. Karamanlis is caught between anti-US forces on the left and right. There is Papadopoulos on the left (who was strong enough in '67 to stimulate a coup); and on the right are the military types from the junta. Karamanlis and Mavros are personally pro-US. They talk differently, however, for public consumption. Congressman O'Neill: How did the junta judge so wrong on Cyprus? Secretary Kissinger: We got no high-level warning of the coup. Neither did Makarios. We earlier had had some rumors which we passed to him. The junta made a basic wrong judgment. They thought in terms of the 1964 situation. But in 1964 there was a strong Cyprus government and a popular Greek government. And as a result of '64, the Turks vowed never would they let it happen again. The junta was living in a dream world -- in the early days after the coup it wouldn't give concessions to keep the Turks from invading. Karamanlis is trying to steal support from the left and the right before the November elections. Take his actions with respect to NATO -- Karamanlis is trying to steal the thunder from the left. He has really done a minimum. Mavros was upset because he was the only foreign minister called on in New York. He thought it wouldn't look good back home. The Greeks know the outcome will be worse than on July 15. Any conceivable outcome before the elections would have to be of a character which would hurt them. They hope in a negotiation to wrap in other issues with Turkey. It was our judgment that there was nothing we could have done which would have stopped the second Turkish offensive. Immediately after the second attack began, we invited both Prime Ministers here or offered to send Ambassador Bruce to meet with them. These were all rejected. We told Karamanlis that we understood the need for some anti-US propaganda, but there was danger it would prevent us from helping them. He quieted it down thereafter. Then Karamanlis asked for a private emissary. We sent Tyler. Karamanlis told him that in direct negotiations, he would have to ask far too much. He gave us a list of what he would need in direct negotiations and then gave us a smaller list of demands which he said he could get by with SECRET SECRET - 3 - in direct negotiations. Then he said he would rather not be involved at all -- so he wouldn't have to accept the responsibility. He could accept a communal talks outcome which he couldn't accept if he were directly involved. At the same time, we took the foreign assistance legal interpretation to the Turks and told them we would have to implement it if there were no progress in the negotiations and on poppies. (They have now agreed on the straw process.) The Turks have now agreed that when the Greeks give the signal, they will make some concessions. That would be used to elicit a statement of principles and would permit communal talks, plus some refugee returns. This would be in October. Then, after the November elections, the talks would be broadened. The Greek problem is presentational. Mavros was very friendly with me and asked for economic and military aid -- but publicly he has had to make some troublesome statements. He told me he would get Makarios under control. He asked privately that I go to Turkey to bring back a concession, but they are reluctant to ask me publicly. But all this is tactics. Both the Greeks and Turks substantially agree on this general process. In Turkey, Ecevit has a government problem because his coalition wanted annexation in Cyprus. He is looking for a partner who would be willing to negotiate with Greece. Greece is willing to give Turkey 20% of the island, and the Turks are willing to reduce their holdings to 33%. Somewhere in between will work. We are ready to use leverage on Turkey (whatever you think of our policy), but if we cut off aid ahead of time we will lose that leverage. If we are tough beforehand, the Greeks -- who will be tough negotiators anyway -- would have leverage over us. With an aid cutoff, the Greeks would expect concessions no one could get them. These restrictions would lose us the Turks without helping the Greeks and destroy this process I have been describing. It is going pretty well really -- but it will move in fits and starts. Cutting off aid doesn't help the Greek moderates because it cuts their maneuvering room - they can't point to objective necessities for compromise. The legal provisions are such that we can and probably should cut off aid. We could avoid the cutoff by the following (read from talking paper): -- Find the Turks not in substantial violation -- Self-defense & -- Treaty of 1960 creates doubt -- Law applies to future, not past action GERALD SECRET SECRET - 4 - The President felt we should not make a strained legal interpretation without talking with you. Even if we cut off, does it apply to pipeline, and how about the $50 million grant exception? A cutoff without the pipeline cutoff would infuriate the Turks without leaving any effect for a year. The negotiations timetable can't be speeded. All of this represents the nature of our problem and why we don't want an automatic cutoff but rather to use the threat of it for leverage. The President: This is why the amendment of yesterday is good. Senator Fulbright: What is it? Secretary Kissinger: The CR Amendment required "substantial progress." This gives the Greeks the opportunity to say at any time there isn't any. The language in yesterday's ammendments call for "good faith efforts by the Turks. 11 Congressman Morgan: You saw the POST editorial? Secretary Kissinger: Yes. It is not accurate. I haven't done anything about the legal opinions. Senator Aiken: How do we respond to our Greek friends? Secretary Kissinger: I spoke with AHEPA a while back and while they were good in private, they went right out to lobby for a cutoff. Congressman Frelinghuysen: The fight isn't over. Brademas will continue to fight. His argument is the amendment was designed to get some troops moved off Cyprus. Secretary Kissinger: We could make a shyster interpretation -- pull out 5, 000 troops and declare substantial progress. We don't want to do it that way. Congressman Frelinghuysen: The whole thing is a PR move to pacify feelings. Secretary Kissinger: Once the Turks know we are playing games like pulling out a few troops, we will lose our leverage with them. Congressman Frelinghuysen: How do we get out of complying with the act? FORM SECRET & SECRET - 5 - Secretary Kissinger: The minimum compliance would be to cut off credit and all grants above $50 million, and have the pipeline alone. But this would force the Turks to a nationalistic posture in which no Turk could give concessions -- and the Greeks wouldn't want to make concessions in such a situation because they would want to wait to see what effect the cutoff was having. Congressman Frelinghuysen: But we don't have an ideal solution and the House vote shows clearly what the sentiment is. Congressman Rhodes: Brademas told me not to make him roll us again -- because he can and will. What we need is a Senate action on CR first so we can bring something in conference. Secretary Kissinger: Our lawyers say the House Committee action would override the language in the Foreign Assistance Act. We should have some action going by the time the recess is over. Congressman O'Neill: Could you talk with the Greek Congressmen? Senator Mansfield: We have the amendment now and will try to hold it as is for conference. Congressman Rhodes: That is what we need. Secretary Kissinger: If we had the House language on the CRA there would be daily arguments about what was "substantial" progress and the Greeks would gain great leverage. Congressman Rhodes: How about stressing the effect on NATO. We need both Greece and Turkey. President Ford: Sure. Turkey could take the same NATO action as the Greeks. Secretary Kissinger: The potential for the Turks getting out of NATO is greater than Greece. There is no sympathy with Americans in Turkey and there is always the possibility of a Qaddafi-type coup. If the Turks should throw in with the Arabs, we would be in trouble. Senator Humphrey: We have a problem of cosmetics: There must be some action showing something is going on that we can point to. We can make a case if we have something to point to. Remember, there is a US election in November, too. SECRET GERALO SECRET - 6 - Secretary Kissinger: Our dilemma is that the Turks are willing to grant some concessions, but the Greeks have asked that we don't do it now because they want it close to their election and not so far in front they have to deliver something else by November. Senator Humphrey: Can we say within 30 days? Secretary Kissinger: If the Greeks think we are under pressure, they may back off. Congressman Rhodes: But the Turks are mad now about the Congressional action. If they make concessions now, it looks like they are caving under pressure. Senator Humphrey: We have already gone through a period in this country where we have ignored the law. It just won't work. We need something. Senator Mansfield: I would be prepared to go with the Brooke Amendment. Senator Fulbright: I prefer to put the amendment on the authorization rather than the CRA. Of course I am opposed to the whole bill. This Cyprus negotiation is a British problem. These amendments would get us into another dispute where we don't belong. Let the UN handle it. They can't do any worse than we. Senator Humphrey: It's not a UN problem. It's a NATO problem. Senator Fulbright: The problem is we are using foreign aid to get us involved in every dispute around the world. Senator Mansfield: Our policy in Cyprus has been good. There are all sorts of dangerous possibilities in this situation. I oppose aid but I want to support our diplomacy. Senator Fulbright: I oppose doing it through the CRA. Afterall, the bill has more money, but it does have a number of restrictive amendments. Congressman Rhodes: Hubert has identified the immediate problem. Can we tell the Turks the law is such, and that we will have to comply by a certain time. Congressman Frelinghuysen: I don't think the Brooke-Hamilton approach will be accepted unless we do something with the Turks. SECRET GERAID rund SECRET - 7 - LIBRARY Secretary Kissinger: Our dilemma is the Greeks don't want it now. Senator Scott: It will be as much trouble after the election as now. The President: There are two bills: the authorization tomorrow and the CRA Monday. Senator Fulbright: Why not take it to the UN. Then we wouldn't have all of the responsibility. The President: The Greeks and the Turks both trust us. Secretary Kissinger: Giving it to the UN is a pro-Turk move because the UN can't do anything and the situation would freeze as it is. If we move away from the Turks, the Soviet Union will probably move toward them. Turkey is more important to the Soviet Union than Greece. Senator Fulbright: Turkey has always been afraid of the Soviet Union. They wouldn't turn to them. Senator Mansfield: No, you are wrong. They would turn to the Soviet Union and the Arabs. The President: The Greek government won't publicly acknowledge to the US Greeks they don't want movement now. We both have elections and they must understand if they don't call off the US Greeks, it will hurt the Greek position. Senator Mansfield: How about a token Turk reduction of 2, 000-3, 000 now and another nearer election? Senator Humphrey: Maybe we could dump all the bad stuff on the Authorization to let people vent their spleen and then negotiate it out of the CRA. Senator Mansfield: We will probably take up the Authorization Tuesday. Senator Humphrey: The House has a mild amendment on the Authorization and if the Senate puts a tough amendment on the Authorization, but not on the CRA, then we can negotiate a good CRA. The President: Then, by the time the recess is over, there may be some progress and we could take care of it in the Authorization. Senator Aiken: To summarize -- all this maneuvering must be kept from the public. SECRET SECRET - 8 - Congressman Rhodes: How is the US Greek Community divided? Secretary Kissinger: The responsible ones are for Karamanlis and the demonstrators are for Papadopoulos. Congressman Rhodes: Suppose Iakovos met with the President and then made a good statement. Congressman O'Neill. Before the coup the Greek Congressman were out of touch with tue US-Greeks -- who supported the junta. Now they want to get back in touch with their constituents by being tough. The President: We will put tough language in the Senate Authorization and keep the Senate CRA with the Brooke Amendment. Then after the recess, progress would get us off the hook. So it's crucial to get to Iakovos. Congressman Rhodes: I think it would add to our problems to put a tough amendment on the Senate bill. The President: Let's spend just a minute on Jackson-Vanik. I met with Scoop last Saturday. My position is to have a waiver. If, at the end of the year the Soviet Union hasn't performed, I would kill MFN. The Soviet Union has agreed they wouldn't interfere with applications and any applicant could leave, except for security cases. Secretary Kissinger: That's about 1 or 1-1/2% of the total. The President: And no harassment. If they stick by that, I would so certify and MFN would continue. We propose to Scoop a procedure like we had on the pay bill. Scoop wants affirmative action by the Congress under a complicated system he says will ensure the Congress will act. Senator Fulbright: That won't work. Senator Scott: No, it won't. The President: Scoop has worked out a complicated procedure, but you know it can be circumvented. Why we would even be willing to let it be a one-House veto. FORD Senator Humphrey: What has Javits said about all this. a SECRET GENALD LIBRAHY FORD SEGRET - 9 - GIRALD LIBRAY Secretary Kissinger: What the President described is what the Soviets have told us. But they won't guarantee a specific figure and they claim emigration is down because of the Middle East situation. There is probably something to that (described Belgian action on re-emigrators). We would communicate all these understandings in a letter to Scoop and he would answer back with his clarifications. Senator Humphrey: To Scoop? And how about the rest of us? Secretary Kissinger: Scoop would write back and say he understands 60, 000 is what we could expect as an adequate figure. The Soviets will not agree to that. And you know there is no way for the Soviet Union to live up to every detail of these requirements, so Jackson could use every isolated example to scream bad faith. (Described how we couldn't require typed applications.) No government could or shouldlive up to this intrusion. Senator Fulbright: We certainly wouldn't. Secretary Kissinger: But we would certainly know through the Jewish network of systematic violations. And Brezhnev sort of has promised personal attention individual cases. But the Soviet Union has not agreed to 60, 000 and Jackson at the end of the waiver period could scream trickery. We do not accept his specific number. [The President mentioned the Kudirka case to show Soviet cooperation. ] Senator Humphrey: I'm glad to hear they are human. If you think the Greeks have pressure, we have more from the Jews. You've got to get the top Jewish leaders in and tell them what has been done. The President has an ironclad case on this. Senator Scott: We have made these points to the Jewish Community. The Israeli Government has to (interrupted). The President: If the Jackson-Vanik Amendment comes up, we can't buy it. So there would be no trade bill and probably no Jewish emigration. The way to go is our way so we can get a trade bill and emigration. Senator Mansfield: I couldn't vote for the bill as Henry has described the process. Congressman Frelinghuysen: Would you leave Scoop's letter unanswered? Secretary Kissinger: We would reply saying we understand this is your view -- a waffle. But he would always claim trickery. SECRET CORD SECRET - 10 - Senator Humphrey: Why not spell out this to the leadership? Why to-Scoop? I am mean too. We know the President won't let non-compliance turn into a political football. It is absolutely safe. Democratic politics will be wild in 1976. The President should spell out the understandings -- or Henry, but not to Scoop. Senator Scott: If sentiment here is opposed, just tell Scoop what the leaders think. Secretary Kissinger: We could put in a letter from me what I have described. Senator Humphrey: Someone should spell it out to the committees, not to Scoop. Senator Scott: Tell Scoop there should not be a private treaty. Secretary Kissinger: There are two choices -- if we write a letter to the leadership and he replies, he is just one Senator. But if we write him and he replies, it is part of the legislative record. Congressman Rhodes: A letter should go to Senator Long. Senator Humphrey: A letter should go to Long. Then, anyone can send a letter back who wants to. If Scoop gets a letter, others who may have certain ambitions will want one. The President: We brought this up because we are here working hard on this problem and I wanted the leadership to know the precise situation. I hope Scoop won't feel we undercut him. Secretary Kissinger: The Soviet Union says they can't accept MFN if affirmative action is needed every year. The President: Tell them about the Camp David meeting, Henry. Secretary Kissinger: Based on our oil speeches, we have called a Big Five meeting. What we are seeing is one of the largest transfers of economic and therefore political power in history. Italy, for example, can't meet its deficit. Recycling gives the Arabs life and death control over the industrial world -- by pulling out the investment they could cause economic chaos. Some have said let the Arabs take over the foreign aid programs from the developed countries. If the Arabs take over foreign aid -- they haven't shown that inclination yet -- they could buy up the whole Third World. Libya, for example, literally buys up countries. SECRET SECRET - 11 - We have no brilliant answers but we want to put this problem to them and some possible approaches: (1) Consumer restraint. (2) Explore a fund which would equalize the burden -- maybe a tax. (3) Build on emergency sharing agreement -- from selective to general boycott. We must realize we face a serious change in world political structure. Senator Scott: The industrialized world won't tolerate strangulation at the hands of a few Arabs. It never has happened before in history. Secretary Kissinger: There has never been this kind of power transfer without war. European attitudes are now changing. If this trend continues, Japan, for example, will build a military force to take action. Senator Humphrey: Your conference should agree on joint R&D. You need to announce something. We need really to get going. No one knows how to deal with this shift in capital. We should tell the Arabs we will pay $7 a barrel and no more. We don't have a concerted effort. The people will respond if we tell them cold turkey. Senator Fulbright: Why don't we ask the Jews to settle Jerusalem as part of the package? Senator Humphrey: You keep looking at me when you say things like that. I have talked more cold turkey, or Humphrey that you have. The President: You have been great to come and take all this time. Thank you very much. SECRET MEMORANDUM THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON SECRET MEMORANDUM FOR THE RECORD SUBJECT: Bipartisan Leadership Breakfast with the President -- Wednesday, September 26, 1974 ATTENDEES: President Ford Secretary Kissinger Senator Mike Mansfield Senator Hugh Scott Senator William Fulbright Senator George Aiken Senator Hubert Humphrey Congressman Thomas O'Neill Congressman John Rhodes Congressman Thomas Morgan Congressman Peter Frelinghuysen Lt. General Brent Scowcroft Mr. William Timmons state view 3/9/04 SUBJECTS: Turkish Aid; Jackson Amendment; Energy Cooperation Turkish Aid Bill so we could talk over Turkish aid, the Foreign Assistance Bill DECLASSIFIED E.O. 12958, SEC. 3.5 NSC MEMO, 11/24/98, STATE DEPT. GUIDELINES NARA, DATE 5/5/04 The President: I appreciate Mike's holding the Foreign Assistance and the Trade Bill. Doc, you approved the modified Turkish language. FORM Morgan: It passed by a vote of 19 to 11. & GERALD ADDRESS SECRET BY TOP SECRET- XGDS (3) CLASSIFIED BY: HENRY A. KISSINGER SECRET 2 The President: I hope we can make it stick on the floor. Then, Mike helped get the same into the Senate aid bill. Henry, would you explain the situation we are in. Secretary Kissinger: Let me do two things -- explain the diplomacy and then the legal situation. The Greek domestic situation is extremely complex. Karamanlis is caught between anti-American forces on the left and right. There is Papandreou on the left, who was strong enough in '67 to stimulate a coup, and on the right are the military types from the junta. Karamanlis and Mavros are personally pro-American. They talk differently, however, for public consumption. Congressman O'Neill: How did the junta judge so wrong on Cyprus? Secretary Kissinger: In spite of what you may read, we got no high-level warning of the coup. Neither did Makarios. We earlier had heard some rumors, which we passed to him. The junta made a basic wrong judgment. They thought in terms of the 1964 situation. But in '64 there was a strong Cyprus Government and a popular Greek Government. And as a result of '64, the Turks vowed that never would they let it happen again. The junta was living in a dream world; in the early days after the coup, they wouldn't give concessions to keep the Turks from invading. Karamanlis is trying to steal support from the left and the right before the November elections. Take his actions with respect to NATO -- what he's doing is trying to steal the thunder from the left. He has really done the minimum. Mavros was upset because he was the only foreign minister I called on in New York; he thought it wouldn't look good back home. The Greeks know the outcome will be worse than on July 15. Any conceivable outcome before the elections would have to be of a character which would hurt them. They hope in a negotiation to wrap in other issues with Turkey. FORD & SECRET GEPALD SECRET 3 It was our judgment that there was nothing we could have done which would have stopped the second Turkish offensive. Immediately after the second attack began, we invited both Prime Ministers here or offered to send Ambassador Bruce to meet with them. These were all rejected. We told Karamanlis that we understood his need for some anti- American propaganda, but he had to remember there was a danger it would prevent us from helping them. He quieted it down thereafter. Then Karamanlis asked for a private emissary. So we sent Ambassador Tyler. Karamanlis told him that in direct negotiations, he would have to ask far too much. He gave us a list of what he would need in direct negotiations and then gave us a smaller list of demands which he said he could get by with in indirect negotiations. Then he said he would rather not be involved at all so he wouldn't have to accept the responsibility. He could accept an outcome from the communal talks which he couldn't accept if he were directly involved. At the same time, we took the legal interpretation of the foreign assistance legislation to the Turks and told them we would have to implement it if there were no progress in the negotiations and on poppies. (They have now agreed on the straw process. ) The Turks have now agreed that when the Greeks give the signal, they will make some concessions. That would be used to elicit a statement of principles and would permit communal talks, plus some refugee returns. This would be in October. Then, after the November elections, the talks would be broadened. The Greek problem is presentational. Mavros was very friendly with me and asked for economic and military aid -- but publicly he has had to make some troublesome statements. He told me he would get Makarios under control. He asked privately that I go to Turkey to bring back concessions, but they are reluctant to ask me publicly. But all this is tactics. Both the Greeks and Turks substantially agree on this general process. In Turkey, Ecevit has a government problem because his coalition wanted annexation in Cyprus. He is looking for a partner who would be willing to negotiate with Greece. FORD ? SECRET GERALD SECRET 4 Greece is willing to give Turkey 20% of the island, and the Turks are willing to reduce their holdings to 33%. Somewhere in between will work. We are ready to use leverage on Turkey -- whatever you think of our policy -- but if we cut off the aid ahead of time, we will lose that leverage. If we are tough beforehand, the Greeks -- who will be tough negotiators anyway would have leverage over us. With an aid cutoff, the Greeks would expect concessions that no one could get them. These restrictions would lose us the Turks without helping the Greeks and destroy this process I have been describing. It is going pretty well really -- but it will move in fits and starts. Cutting off aid doesn't help the Greek moderates because it cuts their maneuvering room -- they can't point to objective necessities for compromise. The legal provisions are such that we can and probably should cut off aid. We could avoid the cutoff by the following [reading from the talking paper]: we could find the Turks not in substantial violation, on the basis that it was a kind of self-defense of the Turkish Cypriotes; that the Treaty of 1960 gives them the status of guarantor, which at least creates doubt that their action was illegal; and that the law applies to future, not past action. The President felt we should not make a strained legal interpretation without talking with you. Even if we cut it off, does it apply to what is in the pipeline? And how about the $50 million grant exception? A cutoff without the pipeline cutoff would infuriate the Turks without having any effect for a year. The negotiating timetable can't be speeded. All of this represents the nature of our problem and explains why we don't want an automatic cutoff but rather to use the threat of it for leverage. The President: This is why the amendment of yesterday is good. Senator Fulbright: What is it? Secretary Kissinger: The CRA amendment required "substantial progress," This gives the Greeks the opportunity to say at any time that there isn't any. The language in yesterday's amendments call for "good faith efforts by the Turks. " FORD R SECRET GERALD LIBRARY SECRET 5 Congressman Morgan: You saw the Post editorial? Secretary Kissinger: Yes. It is not accurate. I haven't done anything about the legal opinions. Senator Aiken: How do we respond to our Greek friends? Secretary Kissinger: I spoke with AHEPA a while back, and while they were good in private, they went right out to lobby for a cutoff. Congressman Frelinghuysen: The fight isn't over. Brademas will continue to fight. His argument is the amendment was designed to get some troops moved off Cyprus. Secretary Kissinger: We could make a shyster interpretation -- pull out 5,000 troops and declare "substantial progress.' 11 We don't want to do it that way. Congressman Frelinghuysen: The whole thing is a PR move to pacify feelings. Secretary Kissinger: Once the Turks know we are playing games, like asking only for them to pull out a few troops, we will lose our leverage with them. Congressman Frelinghuysen: How do we get out of complying with the Act? Secretary Kissinger: The minimum compliance would be to cut off credit and all grants above $50 million, and leave the pipeline alone. But this would force the Turks to a nationalistic posture in which no Turkish leader could give concessions -- and the Greeks wouldn't want to make concessions in such a situation because they would want to wait to see what effect the cutoff was having. Congressman Frelinghuysen: But we don't have an ideal solution, and the House vote shows clearly what the sentiment is. Congressman Rhodes: Brademas told me not to make him roll us again - - because he can and will. What we need is a Senate action on the CR first so we can bring something in in conference. SECRET SECRET 6 Secretary Kissinger: Our lawyers say the House Committee action would override the language in the Foreign Assistance Act. We should have some action going by the time the recess is over. Congressman O'Neill: Could you talk with the Greek Congressmen? Senator Mansfield: We have the amendment now and will try to hold it as is for conference. Congressman Rhodes: That is what we need. Secretary Kissinger: If we had the House language on the CRA there would be daily arguments about what was "substantial" progress and the Greeks would gain great leverage. Congressman Rhodes: How about stressing the effect on NATO? We need both Greece and Turkey. The President: Sure. Turkey could take the same NATO action as the Greeks. Secretary Kissinger: The potential for the Turks getting out of NATO is greater than with Greece. There is no sympathy with Americans in Turkey and there is always the possibility of a Qaddafi-type coup. If the Turks should throw in with the Arabs, we would be in trouble. Senator Humphrey: We have a problem of cosmetics: There must be some action showing something is going on that we can point to. We can make a case if we have something to point to. Remember, there is an American election in November, too. Secretary Kissinger: Our dilemma is that the Turks are willing to grant some concessions, but the Greeks have asked that we don't do it now because they want it close to their election and not so far in front they have to deliver something else by November. Senator Humphrey: Can we say within 30 days? Secretary Kissinger: If the Greeks think we are under pressure, they may back off. FORD Assuan SECRET SEGRET 7 Congressman Rhodes: But the Turks are mad now about the Congressional action. If they make concessions now, it looks like they are caving under pressure. Senator Humphrey: We have already gone through a period in this country where we have ignored the law. It just won't work. We need something. Senator Mansfield: I would be prepared to go with the Brooke Amendment. Senator Fulbright: I prefer to put the amendment on the authorization rather than the CRA. Of course I am opposed to the whole bill. This Cyprus negotiation is a British problem. These amendments get us into another dispute where we don't belong. Let the UN handle it. They can't do any worse than we. Senator Humphrey: It's not a UN problem. It's a NATO problem. Senator Fulbright: The problem is we are using foreign aid to get us involved in every dispute around the world. Senator Mansfield: Our policy in Cyprus has been good. There are all sorts of dangerous possibilities in this situation. I oppose aid but I want to support our diplomacy. Senator Fulbright: I oppose doing it through the CRA. After all, the bill has more money, but it does have a number of restrictive amendments. Congressman Rhodes: Hubert has identified the immediate problem. Can we tell the Turks the law is such, and that we will have to comply by a certain time? Congressman Frelinghuysen: I don't think the Brooke-Hamilton approach will be accepted unless we do something with the Turks. Secretary Kissinger: Our dilemma is the Greeks don't want it now. Senator Scott: It will be as much trouble after the election as now. The President: There are two bills: the Authorization tomorrow and the CRA Monday. SECRET SECRET 8 Senator Fulbright: Why not take it to the UN? Then we wouldn't have all of the responsibility. The President: The Greeks and the Turks both trust us. Secretary Kissinger: Giving it to the UN is a pro-Turk move because the UN can't do anything and the situation would freeze as it is. If we move away from the Turks, the Soviet Union will probably move toward them. Turkey is more important to the Soviet Union than Greece. Senator Fulbright: Turkey has always been afraid of the Soviet Union. They wouldn't turn to them. Senator Mansfield: No, you are wrong. They would turn to the Soviet Union and the Arabs. The President: The Greek Government won't publicly acknowledge to the American Greeks that they don't want movement now. We have both elections. They must understand that if they don't call off the American Greeks, it will hurt the Greek position. Senator Mansfield: How about a token Turkish reduction of 2, 000-3, 000 now and another nearer election? Senator Humphrey: Maybe we could dump all the bad stuff on the Authorization to let people vent their spleen and then negotiate it out of the CRA. Senator Mansfield: We will probably take up the Authorization Tuesday. Senator Humphrey: The House has a mild amendment on the Authorization and if the Senate puts a tough amendment on the Authorization, but not on the CRA, then we can negotiate a good CRA. The President: Then, by the time the recess is over, there may be some progress and we could take care of it in the Authorization. Senator Aiken: To summarize -- all this maneuvering must be kept from the public. Congressman Rhodes: How is the American Greek Community divided? SECRET FORD LIBRAST SECRET 9 Secretary Kissinger: The responsible ones are for Karamanlis and the demonstrators are for Papandreou. Congressman Rhodes: Suppose Iakovos met with the President and then made a good statement? Congressman O'Neill: Before the coup the Greek Congressmen were out of touch with the American Greeks -- who supported the junta. Now they want to get back in touch with their constituents by being tough. The President: We will put tough language in the Senate Authorization and keep the Senate CRA with the Brooke Amendment. Then after the recess, progress would get us off the hook. So it's crucial to get to Iakovos. Congressman Rhodes: I think it would add to our problems to put a tough amendment on the Senate bill. Jackson Amendment The President: Let's spend just a minute on Jackson-Vanik. I met with Scoop last Saturday. My position is to have a waiver. If, at the end of the year the Soviet Union hasn't performed, I would kill MFN. The Soviet Union has agreed they wouldn't interfere with applications and that any applicant could leave, except for security cases. Secretary Kissinger: That's about 1 or 1-1/2% of the total. The President: And no harassment. If they stick by that, I would so certify and MFN would continue. We proposed to Scoop a procedure like we had on the pay bill. Scoop wants affirmative action by the Congress under a complicated system he says will ensure that Congress will act. Senator Fulbright: That won't work. Senator Scott: No, it won't. The President: Scoop has worked out a complicated procedure, but you know it can be circumvented. 4 SECRET GERALD LIBRARY SECRET 10 Why, we would even be willing to let it be a one-House veto. Senator Humphrey: What has Javits said about all this? Secretary Kissinger: What the President described is what the Soviets have told us. But they won't guarantee a specific figure and they also claim that emigration is down because of the Middle East situation. There is probably something to that. There is a problem in Western Europe already with people wanting to go back. We would communicate all these understandings in a letter to Scoop and he would answer back with his clarifications. Senator Humphrey: To Scoop? And how about the rest of us? Secretary Kissinger: Scoop would write back and say he understands that 60, 000 is what we could expect as an adequate figure. The Soviets will not agree to that. And you know there is no way for the Soviet Union to live up to every detail of these requirements, so Jackson could use every isolated example to scream bad faith. The Soviets could ask for typed applications. No government could or should live up to this sort of intrusion. Senator Fulbright: We certainly wouldn't. Secretary Kissinger: But we would certainly know through the Jewish network about systematic violations if there are any. And Brezhnev has promised to give his personal attention to individual cases. But the Soviet Union has not agreed to 60, 000, and Jackson at the end of the waiver period could scream trickery. We do not accept his specific number. [The President mentioned the Kudirka case to show Soviet cooperation. ] Senator Humphrey: I'm glad to hear they are human. If you think the Greeks have pressure, we have more from the Jews. You've got to get the top Jewish leaders in and tell them what has been done. The President has an ironclad case on this. Senator Scott: We have made these points to the Jewish Community. The Israeli Government has to (interrupted). FORD a SECRET SECRET 11 The President: If the Jackson-Vanik Amendment comes up, we can't buy it. So there would be no trade bill and probably no Jewish emigration. The way to go is our way so we can get a trade bill and emigration. Senator Mansfield: I couldn't vote for the bill as Henry has described the process. Congressman Frelinghuysen: Would you leave Scoop's letter unanswered? Secretary Kissinger: We would reply saying we understand this is your view -- which is a waffle. But he could always claim trickery. Senator Humphrey: Why not spell out this to the leadership? Why to Scoop? I am mean too. We know the President won't let non-compliance turn into a political football. It is absolutely safe. Democratic politics will be wild in '76. The President should spell out the understandings -- or Henry - - but not to Scoop. Senator Scott: If sentiment here is opposed, just tell Scoop what the leaders think. Secretary Kissinger: We could put in a letter from me what I have described. Senator Humphrey: Someone should spell it out to the committees, not to Scoop. Senator Scott: Tell Scoop there should not be a private treaty. Secretary Kissinger: There are two choices: If we write a letter to the leadership and he replies, he is just one Senator. But if we write him and he replies, it is part of the legislative record. Congressman Rhodes: A letter should go to Senator Long. Senator Humphrey: A letter should go to Long. Then anyone can send a letter back who wants to. If Scoop gets a letter, others who may have certain ambitions will want one. The President: We brought this up because we are here working hard on this problem and I wanted the leadership to know the precise situation. I hope Scoop won't feel we undercut him. & SECRET GERALD SECRET 12 Secretary Kissinger: The Soviet Union says they can't accept MFN if affirmative action is needed every year. Energy Cooperation The President: Tell them about the Camp David meeting, Henry. Secretary Kissinger: Based on what the President and I have said in our oil speeches, we have called a meeting of the Big Five to concert our policy. What we are seeing is one of the largest transfers of economic power and therefore political power in history. Italy, for example, can't meet its deficit. Recycling gives the Arabs life and death control over the industrial world. By pulling out investment, they could cause economic chaos. Some have said, "Let the Arabs take over the foreign aid programs from the developed countries." If the Arabs take over foreign aid -- they haven't shown that inclination yet -- they could buy up the whole Third World. Libya, for example, literally buys up countries. We have no brilliant answers but we want to put this problem to them and discuss some possible approaches: One element would be consumer restraint, or conservation. Second, we would explore establishing a fund which would equalize the burden -- maybe a tax. Third, we would build on the emergency sharing agreement and strengthen it for the range of threats, from selective to a general boycott. But basically we must realize that we face a serious change in the world political structure. Senator Scott: The industrialized world won't tolerate strangulation at the hands of a few Arabs. It never has happened before in history. Secretary Kissinger: There has never been this kind of power transfer without war. European attitudes are now changing. If this trend continues, Japan, for example, will build a military force to take action. Senator Humphrey: Your conference should agree on joint R&D. You need to announce something. We need really to get going. SECRET SECRET 13 No one knows how to deal with this shift in capital. We should tell the Arabs we will pay $7 a barrel and no more. We don't have a concerted effort. The people will respond if we tell it to them cold turkey. Senator Fulbright: Why don't we ask the Jews to sell Jerusalem as part of the package? Senator Humphrey: You keep looking at me when you say things like that. I have talked more cold turkey, or Humphrey, than you have. The President: You have been great to come and take all this time. Thank you very much. ? GERALD SECRET - DECLASSIFIED 3 Leadership Buckfast E.O. 12968, SEC. 3.5 NSC MEMO, 11/24/98, STATE BEPT. GUIDELINES state leview 3/9/04 26 Sept. BY Salos , NARA, DATE 5/5/04 THE WHITE HOUSE THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON WASHINGTON Internation China P- Them twits haped get c home into 0'will Returns, alhort only and who Smate and will world your Hypolum bont yes K Eet me I, 2 things - exploin Hemp- I com yes why S crup higher it. He them byd setnation lucks like a clow compand. Greek drunke it x trace bring anyelve. Doc - Dog use school 6 ham, we had just , Konce gent everylet het 2 anti-vs certuff haveling, force. Papartment (arho strong any enough that about Ray time hand. in 67 to stringlate a (mp). Octon K-Lans smil 43 1 worlds enairmen his w/in in frunter. 510 miles of Itah Kann * inservisity per-us. Sutt - 1/5 of popy malts have eyes crossil- They say other trip for put. Thus is a gentier pink, P - Hope you don't would eating have. Tig- Harr chd forta go money an bypins! him chinn lost in pt K use you the wasing of carp. betters the Makaris, Hump - sporta a lovt of this uging TT yet has P- appreciment mm haveling FALIM as Innta make hair every guilyment. we cand talk am clin Truck and, interliery re 64 there wasa strong FABILL, + Trade hill Cypro giret t popular and geret. fince Der buyange your appownd modified tank 6 4 Trukey urined were dyain finita ur hising in a chemm msed- Don 19-11 wouldn't give correloxims to key WNC am whe it think on/tail Twice porn immoding THE WHITE HOUSE THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON WASHINGTON Karn is trysing to stral sugget from to crok for two much. He your hs Lt R byers We clithing. Take NATO- a smoker list of charames advice he Kona is trying To stual themks from lift. huchd in indict angot. Then he Thing home milly done a inining. daid he rather not be involved at Ml- Manis urto upset any so woulden't hurrt accept usp. He one 2 called on inHY. could accept a consumeral telhs Greks know anthorine will be worse then July 15. am artionse hyere ehiting world onterns which he comldn't if he he such as to first them. They hope christry invistred. to urap in other effend w/Tnuckey. at some trim, one task FA hyal inter- pritation h the Times + Trild than It was and july- writing me could have dme more. would home stopped ' 2 200 Trunkish somet implayment it if no progress in myotrations + on pospies. (They fth 2 nd smoking began have mer agreed an shaw proces). we invoice brth PM is here n K send Terchs have mmagiul that when Bruce all We trill Kana that CW understand ARM Greeks give original, they will made anti -Us pings but too much form correpsions. That he used us helping then, It grinked dmr for statement of principh & phinit through Them Kara ashed for prints patiential informal tacks, phus Jours energy -Tylen. Hard said that upagee Mr inter. This in Then thet injot In world time O't. Them after how shitson, the THE WHITE HOUSE THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON WASHINGTON tasks world he handred. ant off and am lose Chanage. are Garch pur is presentations. Moverns tommy Cres whing c Grabs who will mos every framily w/ me 1 athed for be tomps anyung- - mount Q have Grange leon + brail and - but publichy hs our us, we and whops, Gassbas would has hem family cold. He True me he sps it concerning we one cruld get. would get mak control H l These whitms will base us c Times a emussim, but they substant R are ashid that d go to turking to hing bn k w/o helping C cruhs + bothery this proups. It your pretty oness- will he feb me publicy. But this is ta this. Both Gubs + Times apres on this starts. hulting off and drisn't help J gent puress. Guh manates becomes in your In (mk, not Edint has govt prof into their manewing your hegar permains. - Crn + prob through unt brcome his emitition wonted annex. Hr Grice. 1 birting for partner who would crigoter of and. e could arrind untope by not in subtantial institution to give T 20%4 estimal + Smf dispuse Tenns willing to when T 33 i.. Sum- orhire in bet will ank. TOURTY of 1960 excets dont wasing to use kernage on Time (arhatman hour artivin aptus to fortness wrtpost you think of am policy) but my are Pree firt wh should mt matura THE WHITE HOUSE THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON WASHINGTON thaind legal interpretation w/o finds. fashing m/ you. E win if are int To, Kg spoke w/ ahyon + they you in dmr it op phy h pepaline, + Error what prevate, hand still bottying for extilf. $50 mil quant keption. certify Freling. Fryat isn't over. Brachros w/o proprime certeff would enpricate will fight. argument is channel was w/o effect for a year. changined to mne trages off nepor transfully cont he speeded. all K Use can geta theystn pill cant 5000 + drilone progress. this is are pirt + why we don't armt an anto. entok dirt to use it for Belling finding. - It is a PR nume topacity ify through K are T wo know me playing games P Tris good, is why arrend of gesterling is we will Arge damage Ful. what is it? Fishing- How he get anty lamphying K True unimed sub, progress + R- of University would he to ent off hebit + all alone $50 and Geries would s 7 there efn't any. This would force Turks to nathists Ivad userelogy Faid geral faith efforts by Tourk. proture in which two Tuck cand of Doc You Tome Post edit. give encessions -t Gubs wouldn't K Yes. I Comenit does orything w/hynt want to emerch because they anmill akin gerin How dv ene respond to am Greek wont to wait to see what effect C intoy was having. THE WHITE HOUSE THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON WASHINGTON Friling Bent me dnit have intial well both Green 6 Tonkey. subtition + the Home with thans P Sure. Tonobey cruld take some student. NATO a tion or brek. Rhoobs- - TNY me dnit matore K Potential for Time parting ant of was wall you again cause are will. What me need is Smoth atm on NATO is greation them Grace. 200 eR 1st so me can boxy serve 1 symp. r operation 6 possebrity thing in impresses, of andregr. of Tush threar in us K Om land lampus 4mg C Hanse conts x trin asoto, nel in truble ownichtal FAA Henog - We have a a proth & was the Give should home sume a time by Three hurt he from action through ricess is are downthing is going on is that me Tig - Cmlo you Talk us/ Gruk 'mg. cm parent To- we can make Write - We ham e Channel + will try laga if and have smouthing to print to to half it 80 is for There is 6 us extrime in Nov too Rando That what unl wind. K* rf use use halc Two House lung. K om childrence is Turks will give a aversion but Gurls orked Then atmt would he daily argmement that me don't dr it canse thry mut krenge. progress + umilging balls it close to thin electron + into Rhmho Hum what We for in pront thers homet Winn THE WHITE HOUSE THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON WASHINGTON something lbs by has Ful -The prot is using for aid to Henry, ken me Any w/ in 30 lay. got no involved in every I' If Gurds think me smoke provide chopies anomle world. they may birth off. mike -Gste computing in hns Ranks - But Tinks are mad non, of they hom pood. Thereoase ast sents broon corression now, it broks of proschibles. & appet he through country smoke Henop. We have gave then that whine Ford 9 oppns TRA. we The will has and but wont R supportion and work. signature C lam. sp first mont Rhndes R - HS my put - invided prob. Can here may, but Aus have mute- I world be propred the go w/ We wed something we till. - timps the then is such Busan and we a time. smill hand enoughy by Fuck Fed I prefer to partnet 80 on anthing attic lather Then CRA. Eveling. I dnit think Burh-Humilin This I myst gets is a Be prof. This cap prover will he acceptant whos word where we get us into aurth dispute we en something w/c Tunks. UN hmolle it. Can't dv any mores dnit thereg. fort C K air clickren is the breaks dnit unit it mer them and H mp: but a UN prob. a NATI krot. Scott Go much ps harbli often section of nmo THE, WHITE HOUSE THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON WASHINGTON P Two hills- anth + Untre Hmv about a thee Trusk CRP monday reduction 2-3 an hmv and Ful- why unt the it to - UN, Then another Weeks exctries hm inmithet have P - Graks + Jumps trust use Herry. Lough me cruid ching all L and stuff a the anth LA to H bring it FUN is pro Tuck went their opten & then regotints more earth un con't dp anything it not 8 CRA + dnt mond free gl ao it is. If in miss Perh Taba soft anth Trues. have nove towniel away from Jmk, so knowth Heroys- Home has mild and are them. Truckey is anth & if Sen wh put timgh on on mm my astmat to JV anth, + them ingotiate a good CAA. Frul- Trucky always april su There, by c time serso is cream, bmtre - hs. Any world true to Jut Challs. askin Surnaize - aRL this monuming mughe socus prog. P. Gurb girlt anit wrse Gurshs they That he hipt from public dnit want movement um are Phones House Harm is US me. both home elections & they nurst divided? enderstand if they don't cull off K The lesp. are for Karee + c C Us Gruks, it will herrt o Gums one pr Paymber THE WHITE HOUSE THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON WASHINGTON Supplar Jahons mettal/ would Bill MFN, so and Person + then mock good statement thing mmlchit ar/ applications t Tip Green (mg service ameant any less except for simity of trush w/ US Gukks who sugmtit K That about / or/ "290 - fonta. than they writ get P and we hmossnort. Toban frition Imin P- we put trugh brung the Smith & would with + M₊N word entime. anth + keep Short e RA w use program previdure has poor hill Brisk and then optn Ssamp wants h forse officiation athise Fre. writ worls C ( prop would put no off S wit No it won't bonge. So it Crimial to It G Jakeson P Scory has works unit enghited Rhodes a this it must and problems processure, but you Been it can hr mumber to prita timgs amound on Shirts will. Who nmed we withing to let it P just a minit on In kson. Varih be them note. hat w/ S corry but Situaling Hamp what has Jonate said try printing is winn at eval of K W what is what Shirts your- if SU doesn't keyou we home told us. But they writ THE WHITE HOUSE THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON WASHINGTON gramanter a specific figures + But So bus not apreal to they claim hungration is clum Go are t factorn could scremor he come of ME sit. Perhaty smothing in it (Belyin) trickery. We dr not a accept his we assend crammet sprafic #, Promitioned KSU. Hr this endustring in a letter to 5.00) e he would consench both, M here expert for write in had H-p - Hurr about used us. Horoy. had 2 have they human # If you Chink Grobs have presoms, K S any commid with back + + 50mg he her brother ls 60, are is he hand more. you govt to Fet Top Junish beens me + the frigued. no way for them what has here due. has S 5 to time mg for to they drtahl inmitad case one this. distance that so Jackson cruld services Sertt We have much that pants had faith (typensite). WD Gratt goat has to intrusion Rnt me wome the l koman smild or should him up to this P If Varink amendment cruss up, the con't my it. So no truck will has promised personal attention of Hystmoth i and Buz The every to go is am my to get + wo Junish emigisting A inted cuses, a trade live + emigrator THE WHITE HOUSE THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON WASHINGTON Unite. - I withit with for hill Hang - Sumeon should Countil spell ant as K described it. Freling Wmlt you have Scarps the hates, mAto Scrop. hater SIOTE - Tell Scorp should not In a prints beaty. KW indostand 1 unuld english sugaring and K - 2 chris. of me with litter tricking. waffle. he branded suy a Tohn this is Jones nicen A haveling to hearghis, hs just one smith But if has and unti Harrong- why but spill ant this ke him + he rights, it is fout of hardship. why k Scrop. 2 hyis Marl. mean too, Print let hen. Rh whes- a hith should perti Scrtmay football. alothes will compliance them into political Hangs- Letter Hmld got Long. Town anywer can and a hiter hub Insured in 76. Phone yru 88 S copy give a hths, offens will and , ww.hston brys or K. what M. Scort- If sentiment have is friend, P we hright this my ( unge in tell S cmp what the hums think have working hard remative K. we cand put in a With por Ga to hums partia me What and ) friend. IN & hope Scorgs THE WHITE HOUSE THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON WASHINGTON for Me good minut him we have no pullicant chames K SO days They can't accyst but un went to put this pror to MFM ef officer action is there + home possibles as (1) welle. P Tell them about Crop and (2) affere a flund which would K- Bnsed on and ON tpreches, we how spenatise tax. called brig 5 enty. (31 Birld on boxing thring what we sching is one lingest agringt from soletric k goil has in transfers of econt! & put purer active on heynots, brating. staty, for by emple, criwl use transf be ahy THE luce a thing and by + truth instral one heat - life it, Revg ching find change in world fame pal that Scott - The crose/ mont industrial would - by persing and for a nt hands of a investment. It andho the our for Charts. Unin has hagpment foreign on 'd - this haven't they in History carld buy by to C 3 of world. K Uson this kind f pumar trousper w/o was. End attacheds dre mon h emothies the uctor ally hugs up thoughing. of this trends exections, THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON hild a me pree A Twhn action. Hemp. your ling thank begin on fruit R+D. you note mana month - Gas had really A gvt going. as one from how to chel within ohio $5 in #7 we Q shoul Innul the $ WD arats more. We will are 3 10mg don't h are a effret, The proph will uppond of CW Ful - why dnit 4ml ask Jems I svith till then kell tushing Hamp- you key teaching at me. I Jernson of past & C package. P Your have him yreat to come (Hrung) than you hume. more Trunkly & tubs an this time was will