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Canada (7)
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1524998
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Canada (7)
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Presidential Country Files for Europe and Canada (Ford Administration)
Europe and Canada Country Files
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Angola
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The original documents are located in Box 2, folder "Canada (7)" of the National Security
Advisor. Presidential Country Files for Europe and Canada, 1974-77 at the Gerald R. Ford
Presidential Library.
Copyright Notice
The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of
photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald R. Ford. donated to the
United States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives
collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in
the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are
presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject
to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
THE WHITE HOUSE
4764
WASHINGTON
pkg filed
SECRET ATTACHMENTS
an Hungary
PRESENTATION OF DIPLOMATIC CREDENTIALS CEREMONY
Monday, July 14, 1975
Beginning at 4:00 p.m.
The Oval Office
From: Henry A. Kissinger
I. PURPOSE
To receive the diplomatic credentials from the Ambassadors of
Hungary, Canada, Kuwait, Argentina and Italy.
II. BACKGROUND, PARTICIPANTS & PRESS ARRANGEMENTS
A. Background: You will receive diplomatic credentials from five
ambassadors and hold a brief (5 minute) conversation with each
ambassador following the exchange of documents.
B. Participants: Chief of Protocol will introduce each ambassador
to you. General Scowcroft will be present and the relevant
Assistant Secretary of State will accompany each ambassador.
All of the ambassadors speak English and no interpreters are
required.
C. Press Arrangements: Press photo session and White House
Photographer. Meetings to be announced.
III. TALKING POINTS
For the Ambassador of Hungary
TAB A
For the Ambassador of Canada
TAB B
For the Ambassador of Kuwait
TAB C
For the Ambassador of Argentina
TAB D
FORD
For the Ambassador of Italy
TAB E
?
BERALD
LIBHARY
SECRET ATTACHMENTS
NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION
Presidential Libraries Withdrawal Sheet
WITHDRAWAL ID 014137
REASON FOR WITHDRAWAL
....
National security restriction
TYPE OF MATERIAL
Questionnaire
CREATOR'S NAME
Canadian Embassy
DESCRIPTION
Re Canandian defense review
CREATION DATE
09/08/1975
VOLUME
2 pages
COLLECTION/SERIES/FOLDER ID
032500036
COLLECTION TITLE
NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISER. PRESIDENTIAL
COUNTRY FILES FOR EUROPE AND CANADA
BOX NUMBER
2
FOLDER TITLE
Canada (7)
DATE WITHDRAWN
10/16/2001
WITHDRAWING ARCHIVIST
GG
DEPARTMENT OF STATE
7520975
Washington, D.C. 20520
6870
October 21, 1975
MEMORANDUM FOR LIEUTENANT GENERAL BRENT SCOWCROFT
THE WHITE HOUSE
Subject: President's Attendance at Canadian
Play with Prime Minister Trudeau
The President has accepted the invitation of
Canadian Prime Minister Trudeau to attend the gala
night production of the opera "Louis Riel" on
October 23, 8:00 p.m., at the Kennedy Center as part
of the Canadian Bicentennial Festival. The meeting
between the President and the Canadian Prime Minister
is billed as a completely social occasion and no
separate working sessions or talks are scheduled.
The Prime Minister may well raise the issue of
fisheries zones with the President. There are no
special points which we recommend the President
raise with Trudeau.
Your staff at the NSC has asked that the
Department provide an updating on important US-
Canadian issues as background material following the
Secretary's recent visit to Ottawa. (For more complete
backgrounding, your staff has available a copy of
the full briefing material prepared for the Secretary
for his Ottawa trip.)
Canadian Economic Situation
In the face of Canada's severe economic slump,
Prime Minister Trudeau announced on October 13 that
he was imposing selective wage and price controls
throughout Canada. He has issued guidelines calling
for an eight percent limit on salary increases with
an additional two percent increase possible for pro-
ductivity. These guidelines apply to all federal
employees, employees of the 1500 largest corporations
in Canada, and professional people. Price increases
would similarly be restricted to those justified by
higher production costs. An anti-inflation review
board is being established to monitor the controls
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and is empowered to order rollbacks as necessary.
Initial reactions to Trudeau's program have been
generally supportive in Canada.
200-Mile Fisheries Zone
The Secretary's visit to Ottawa revealed again
Prime Minister Trudeau's deep commitment to avoiding
unilateral action to establish a 200-mile fisheries
or economic zone and his concern over the possible
success of fisheries zone legislation in the US.
Canada believes it can withstand domestic pressures
to act unilaterally at least until after the Law of
the Sea Conference convenes in 1976 unless the US
takes unilateral action in the meantime. In this
event, Canada would certainly have to move as well.
The Prime Minister told the Secretary that in his view
the serious consequences which would follow, were the
US to break ranks on this issue, fully justified use
of the veto if required. In view of Trudeau's strong
personal interest in the problem and the mutuality of
our national interests, the Prime Minister might
mention this matter to the President during the course
of the evening.
Canadian Participation in the Economic Summit and
Producer-Consumer Dialogue
The Canadian Government strongly believes it
should be invited to the November economic summit
along with the six other countries already invited.
The Secretary has assured Prime Minister Trudeau that
we consider it essential for Canada to participate in
the summit and will support Canada in this matter.
The US also supports Canadian participation in future
producer-consumer talks.
Cuban Assets Control
Canada is seriously disappointed that the recent
change in US policy to permit American subsidiaries
abroad to trade with Cuba where such trade is favored
by the host country, has not resulted in removal of
the requirement that such transactions be licensed in
advance by the US Government. They object in principle
to the extraterritorial effect of the US controls and
are not satisfied by our assurances that license issuance
will now be virtually automatic except where unacceptable
FORD
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levels of US components and restricted strategic goods
or US technology are involved. They have also objected
that revisions in our regulations implementing the
policy change have extended the licensing requirement
rather than reducing it. These objections were raised
with the Secretary in Ottawa-the only bilateral issue
seriously pressed by Canada during the talks. The
Secretary explained the need to maintain the licensing
procedure to protect our own continuing trade re-
strictions and undertook to look into the problems
caused by the revised regulations. Canadian concern
on this issue is very longstanding and the Prime Minister
might mention it in a general way with the President.
Energy Issues
Energy issues remain in the forefront of bilateral
US-Canadian relations. Canada is phasing out oil
exports to the US and curtailment of natural gas exports
is also on the horizon although probably not until the
1976-77 heating season. While acknowledging Canada's
responsibility to act in its own best interest regarding
energy exports, the US has urged that necessary cut-
backs should be shared by customers on both sides of
the border. Negotiations are continuing on a draft
treaty concerning the transit of oil and gas in pipe-
lines which cross each other's territory. Such a
treaty is essential if the proposal for a gas pipeline
across Canada, one of the alternative routes for trans-
porting Alaskan gas southward, is to be seriously con-
sidered in the US. The US hopes that a draft treaty
can be agreed upon in the near future. The Secretary
told Canadian officials of our continuing concern in
these matters which have been the subject of considerable
Congressional pressure.
Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement
Canadian officials underscored their continuing
concern to the Secretary when he was in Ottawa about
the possible slippage of US implementation of the
provisions agreed upon in the Great Lakes Water Quality
Agreement. In response, the Secretary assured the
Canadians of our understanding of the Canadian position,
our commitment to meet our obligations and our intention
to work with the Congress to assure the necessary
funding.
FORD
?
CONFIDENTIAL
GERALD
LIBRARY
CONFIDENTIAL
-4-
Canada's concern is presently focused on the
proposed Talmadge-Nunn amendment to the Public Works
Employment Act. The amendment would reallocate
federal municipal wastewater treatment plant grant
funds in such a way that funds available to the Great
Lakes States would be reduced by nearly $800 million.
Because the Prime Minister raised the question of US
compliance to the Agreement with the President in
their Washington talks last December, it is possible
that some reference will be made to it by Trudeau
during the evening.
12
George S. Springsteen
Executive Secretary
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BY
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7094
THE PRESIDENT HAS SEEP
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
RECOMMENDED TELEPHONE CALL
TO:
Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau of Canada --
Ottawa
DATE:
October 23, 1975
RECOMMENDED BY: Henry A. Kissinger
B
PURPOSE:
To express your regret at not being able to attend
the Canadian Arts Festival performance of the opera
Louis Riel at the Kennedy Center this evening.
BACKGROUND:
You and the First Lady accepted the invitation of
Prime Minister and Mrs. Trudeau to attend the
Canadian Arts Festival performance of Louis Riel
at the Kennedy Center tonight. Whenyou were required
because of your cold to cancel your participation in
this event, the Trudeaus followed suit. On Monday,
General Scowcroft informed Ivan Head of the change in
your plans. It is our understanding that Mitchell Sharp,
number two man in the Canadian government, will be
attending in Trudeau's place. A message of regret
from you to Trudeau (copy at Tab A) was dispatched
today.
Louis Riel is the centerpiece of the Canadian Arts
Festival, Canada's Bicentennial gift to the United States.
The Festival is presenting a number of theatrical works
in Washington.
TALKING POINTS:
1. Mr. Prime Minister, Mrs. Ford and Ihad been
looking forward to joining you and Mrs. Trudeau at
the performance of Louis Riel (LU-ese RE-ell) at
at the Kennedy Center tonight.
FORD
,
GERALD
LIBRARY
- 2 -
2. Regretfully, my recovery from a somewhat
troublesome cold this week has not made this
possible.
3. I am certain this evening's performance will be
a great success. The performances thus far in
the Festival have been very well received.
4. The Canadian Arts Festival is a Bicentennial gift
which is very much appreciated by all Americans.
5. I fully understand your decision not to attend the
performance, and I hope that we will have the
opportunity to get together again soon.
6. Please give my best regards and those of Mrs. Ford
to Mrs. Trudeau. We hope that the newest addition
to your family, your youngest son, is doing very well.
Additional talking points:
1. Secretary Kissinger's trip to Ottawa last week was
very successful, in my opinion.
2. As you know, we take the position that Canada should
be a participant in the mid-November economic
summit. I am sure we will be in further touch on this.
Date of Submission: October 23, 1975
ACTION:
Call Completed - 10/24/75
FORD LIBRARY & OF
Text of Message
October 23, 1975
Dear Mr. Prime Minister:
Mrs. Ford and I had been looking forward to joining you and Mrs.
Trudeau at the performance of "Louis Riel" at the Kennedy Center tonight.
Regretfully, my recovery from a somewhat troublesome cold this week
has not made this possible.
I am certain this evening's performance will be a great success. The
Canadian Arts Festival, of which "Louis Riel" is the centerpiece, is
a Bicentennial gift which is deeply appreciated by all Americans.
Sincerely,
Gerald R. Ford
FORD
?
GERALD
LIBRARY
MEMORANDUM
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
7094
ACTION
October 23, 1975
MEMORANDUM FOR GENERAL SCOWCROFT
FROM:
Mr. Clift on
SUBJECT:
Presidential Telephone Call to Prime
Minister Trudeau
At Tab I for your signature to the President is a memorandum which
would forward background and talking points for his telephone call to
Canadian Prime Minister Trudeau expressing regret at not being able
to attend the Canadian Arts Festival performance at the Kennedy Center
tonight.
RECOMMENDATION
That you sign the memorandum for the President at Tab I.
Delivered
to
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DUE DATE:
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5A
NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION
Presidential Libraries Withdrawal Sheet
WITHDRAWAL ID 014138
REASON FOR WITHDRAWAL
National security restriction
TYPE OF MATERIAL
Memorandum
CREATOR'S NAME
Mr. Clift
RECEIVER'S NAME
General Scowcroft
RECEIVER'S TITLE
Assistant to the President for National
Security Affairs
TITLE
Trudeau's Visit to Cuba Angolan
Connection
CREATION DATE
01/10/1976
VOLUME
2 pages
COLLECTION/SERIES/FOLDER ID
032500036
COLLECTION TITLE
NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISER. PRESIDENTIAL
COUNTRY FILES FOR EUROPE AND CANADA
BOX NUMBER
2
FOLDER TITLE
Canada (7)
DATE WITHDRAWN
10/16/2001
WITHDRAWING ARCHIVIST
GG
DECLASSIFIED, with poltious exempted
E.O. 12958, SEC. 3.5
NSC MEMO, 11/24/98, STATE DEPT. GUIDELINES State visit
BY bla
, NARA, DATE 10/18/01
5Amm A Bery
MEMORANDUM
will
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
188X
CONFIDENTIAL/SENSITIVE
ACTION
January 10, 1976
MEMORANDUM FOR GENERAL SCOWCROFT
OBE
FROM:
Mr. Clift lide
SUBJECT:
Trudeau's Visit to Cuba Angolan Connection
Canadian Prime Minister Trudeau is planning to follow through with
a long-scheduled visit to Cuba on January 26-29, 1976. Ivan Head
has approached our Embassy (telegram at Tab B) to say that the trip
will go ahead as planned, that he has recommended that Trudeau take
a negative, "tut, tut" line with the Cubans on Angola, but that it would
be helpful if the U.S. could provide him with more background on the
Angolan situation. Our Embassy notes that Head, in keeping with
normal practice, is not working through the Canadian Ministry of
External Affairs or his Washington Embassy on this.
Steve Low, with Hal Horan's assistance, has prepared a paper containing
the background information Head is seeking (Tab A). We believe it
important you you deal directly with Head on this matter, emphasizing:
-- our interest in providing the Prime Minister with a detailed
review of Cuban involvement in Angola,
the fact that Castro will seek to take advantage of Trudeau's
visit to demonstrate that he can carry out his Angolan policy
without damage to other Cuban interests,
-- the fact that the Cuban involvement has put a freeze on U.S.
moves further to normalize US-Cuban relations,
-- our preference that the Prime Minister find a reason to cancel
or postpone the visit -- or at least to register privately and
publicly Canada's disapproval of Cuba's Angolan involvement.
CONFIDENTIAL/SENSITIVE/XGDS
FORD
DECLASSIFIED, with portious tempted
&
E.O. 12958, SEC. 3.5
NSC MEMO, 11/24/98, STATE DEPT. GUIDELINES, Statavisit 7/31/00
BY GG
BERALD
LIBRANT
, NARA, DATE 10/18/01
CONFIDENTIAL/SENSITIVE
as 2 -
If you are to do this effectively with Ivan, the open telephone line would
not seem appropriate,
I recommend that you call Ivan Head, say that you would like to provide
him with detailed information on Angola and seek his views on how this
might best be done, e.g.,
-- Head fly down to Washington for a working lunch with you;
-- you send a representative to Ottawa to brief him; or
-- you agreeron the best channel for a written communication.
RECOMMENDATION
That you call Ivan Head as soon as possible along the lines recommended
above.
FORD
CONFIDENTIAL/SENSITIVE/XGDS
A
LIBHARY
BERALD
GERALD =
,
rune
LIBARRY
A
CONFIDENTIAL
DC
MEMORANDUM
50
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
January 7, 1976
MEMORANDUM FOR:
DENIS CLIFT
FROM:
STEPHEN LOW 82
SUBJECT:
Trudeau's Planned Visit to Cuba
Attached is a summary of Cuban involvement in Angola done by
the Department of State which you might include in a Talker to
Brent for his conversation with Ivan Head. I have slightly
modified it on the basis of comments by Hal Horan. The
following is for inclusion in the Background section and Talking
Points. You can handle the Talker either from the two of us
jointly or with my (and Horan's) concurrence.
Background
State is unaware of any change in Trudeau's plans to visit Cuba
January 23-25. We believe that Castro will use the visit, together
with visits from Senator Abourezk, Torrijos and possibly Tito, to
demonstrate both to the Cubans and the rest of the world that he
can carry out an intervention of the kind he is engaged in in
Angola without damage to his international position. On the
contrary, that his international prestige has even increased as
a result.
As a consequence, we suggest that you may want to brief Ivan
Head on the admittedly sketchy information we have relating to
Cuban involvement in Angola.
Talking Points
-- Cuban assistance to the MPLA goes back to 1961.
-- From that date until the middle of last year, it was
confined to military training in Cuba, a small training cadre in the
Congo (Brazzaville), and technicians running an airbase.
FORD
DECLASSIFIED
A.
CONFIDENTIAL
E.O. 12958, SEC. 3.5
NSC MEMO, 11/24/08, STATE DEPT. GUIDELINES, State visit 7/31/00
GERALD
LIBHARY
BY GG
, NARA, DATE 10/15/21
CONFIDENTIAL
2
-- Assistance increased rapidly beginning last September,
with a massive sea and airlift which has reached the level of
6,000-7,500 military personnel.
-- We believe the Cuban contingent is commanded by the
Deputy Armed Forces Minister, Major General Julio Casas Regueiro
(Ray-gair-o).
-- The Cubans have maintained separate combat units and
are manning tanks, armed personnel carriers and heavy aircraft
defenses.
-- In a number of cases we believe that the presence of
Cuban forces and particularly their ability to man sophisticated
Soviet weaponry has been a decisive factor in some combat situations.
-- AFP reports that there may have been as many as 100
Cubans killed since Angolan independence November 11.
-- The Cubans have not publicly admitted the full extent
of their military intervention but only that they are supporting the
MPLA and are prepared to shed blood in the cause. There seems
to be some unhappiness over the adventure within Cuba.
-- We think their reasons are:
1) To accommodate the Soviets;
2) To refurbish their ideological image as
supporters of liberation movements;
3) To win support in Africa and the Third World:
4) To test their military apparatus under combat
conditions.
-- We suppose they must have decided that these advantages
were more important to them than continuing the progress we had
been making toward improving our relations.
FORD
A
CONFIDENTIAL
GERALD
LIBHARY
CONFIDENTIAL
Cuban moral and material assistance to the Soviet-supported
MPLA (Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola) dates from
1961. From this period until mid-year 1975, several hundred MPLA
cadre received military training and indoctrination in Cuba, in
bases in the Congo and more recently in Angola. In mid-summer
1975, Cuba had about 50 personnel training cadre in the Congo;
had doctors and medical technicians serving with MPLA units;
had a small number of advisers attached to combat units; and had
technicians running one airbase.
Cuban assistance escalated sharply in late September. A
massive sea and airlift of Cuban military personnel and war materiel
began at that time and still continues. Currently about 6,000 to
7,500 Cuban military personnel are believed to be in Angola.
Additional personnel are stationed in the Congo where the logistical
and support center for Cuban troops is maintained.
Cuban troops are believed to be commanded by Brigade
Commander (Major General) Julio Casas Regueiro, Deputy Armed
Forces Minister for Services. Cuban units apparently are not
integrated with MPLA units, but are assigned separate combat
operations in cooperation with MPLA troops. Cuban personnel have
manned tanks, armored personnel carriers, anti-aircraft defenses.
Their presence and ability to man sophisticated equipment provided
by the Soviets is reported to have been the decisive factor in some
combat operations. Additionally they have provided training,
medical assistance, communications and transport services.
Precise figures on Cuban casualities are not known; however,
AFP has reported, using South African sources, that about 100 Cubans
have been killed since independence November 11. We are not in a
position to verify this report.
Cuba has stopped just short of admitting to military
intervention in Angola. Castro has indicated that Cuba will continue
to support fully MPLA efforts and stated that Cuba is prepared to
shed blood in such support. There have been some reports of
dissatisfaction within Cuba over Castro's Angola adventure.
Cuban military intervention probably stems in the first
instance from a desire to accommodate to the foreign policy interests
of the Soviet Union. Secondarily, such intervention fits neatly into
FORD
&
CONFIDENTIAL
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CONFIDENTIAL
2
Cuba's ideology of actively supporting liberation movements, in this
case represented by a regime enjoying some international recognition.
Thirdly, Cuba probably hopes its support to the MPLA will win
friends for Cuba in Africa and the Third World in general. And
finally, Angola provides for the Cuban military apparatus an
opportunity to test for the first time under combat conditions Cuba's
armed forces.
Cuba probably recognized that its intervention in Angola
would further jeopardize prospects for an early normalization of
relations with the U.S. and may have discounted the possibility of
such normalization before 1977. Cuba has all along indicated that
it was in no hurry for this process to begin and likely calculated
that the setback to U.S.-Cuba bilateral relations was more than
outweighed by advantages accruing to Cuba in Africa and the
Third World.
CONFIDENTIAL
BERALO a LIBRARY FORD
LIBRARY
GERALD
&
FORD
B
DEPARTMENT or STATE
SE
STATES UNITED THE AMERICA
Department of State
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FM AMEMBASSY OTTAWA
TO SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 8465
f. 0 N F I D E N T I A OTTAWA 0080
Retain
X EO-12958, Declassify 25X( )(
NEA/SA
PRC
SEA
NSC/PLRG
PGM/ANL
EXDIS
IPS
SCI/ENV
ECON
E.O. 11652: GDS
OPNL/INT
TAGS: PFOR, CA, AO, CU
SUBJ: TRUDEAU PLANS TO DISCUSS ANGOLA WITH CASTRO
SS/PR
CONGR
DIH
REF: STATE 004271
V.P.
1, IN COURSE NORMAL CONTACT WITH POLCOUNS, PRIME MINISTER
TRUDEAU'S SPECIAL ADVISER IVAN HEAD REFERRED TO TRUDEAU
TRIP TO HAVANA JANUARY 26 TO 29. HEAD STATED THAT OBVIOUSLY
1
SUBJECT OF ANGOLA WOULD HAVE TO BE DISCUSSED AND THAT HE
HAD ALREADY PUT FORWARD PAPER TO TRUDEAU IN WHICH HE
RECOMMENDED THAT TRUDEAU RAISE SUBJECT, COMMENT ON UNDESIR-
ABILITY OF ADVENTURISM IN FOREIGN AREAS, AND SUGGEST THAT
CUBA WOULD DO WELL TO FOLLOW CANADIAN ADVICE ON AFRICA,
WHERE GOC HAS MUCH GREATER EXPERIENCE THAN CUBA.
?. HEAD SAID THAT GOC HAS OF COURSE BEEN FOLLOWING
DEVELOPMENTS IN ANGOLA AS CLOSELY AS POSSIBLE, BUT THAT,
DECLASSIFIED
GIVEN THE MUCH GREATER CAPABILITY OF THE USG TO KEEP
E.O. 12958, SEC. 3.6
STATE DEPT, GUIDELINES State visit 7/31/00
NARA, DATE 10/15/01
INFORMED ON DEVELOPMENTS THERE, IT WOULD BE EXTREMELY USEFUL
FOR GOC, PARTICULARLY IN VIEW OF THE PLANNED HAVANA TRIP,
IF GOC COULD HAVE THE BENEFIT OF LATEST INFORMATION
ON ANGOLAN SITUATION FROM USG. (PARENTHETICALLY, HE OBSERVED
BY GG
THAT TRIP HAD BEEN PLANNED FOR SO LONG THAT NO
CONSIDERATION COULD BE GIVEN TO THIS LATE STAGE TO
CANCEL OR POSTPONE IT). HEAD REQUESTED THAT EMBASSY
FORD
RECOMMEND THAT DEPT CALL IN AMBASSADOR WARREN TO BRIEF
R
HIM IN DETAIL ON CURRENT ANGOLAN SITUATION. (POLCOUNS
BERALD
LIBHARY
CONFIDENTIAL
NOT TO BE REPRODUCED WITHOUT THE AUTHORIZATION OF THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
DEPARTMENT or STATE
Department of State
of / ORLING AMERICA
TELEGRAM
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 02 OTTAWA 90080 090056Z
HAS ALREADY BRIEFED HEAD AND EXTAFF AFRICAN DIVISION
ON REFTEL).
3. ACTION REQUESTED: WE HAVE NO WAY OF KNOWING WHETHER
TRUDEAU IS PERSONALLY INCLINED TO FOLLOW HEAD1S SUGGESTION
THAT HE TAKE SUCH AN ACTIVIST ATTITUDE WITH CASTRO
CONCERNING ANGOLA. GIVEN HEAD'S ONE-MAN-SHOW STYLE OF
OPERATION, IT UNLIKELY HE WILL BOTHER INFORM EXTAFF
OF HIS INITIATIVE WITH US (IN EMBASSY CONTACT YESTERDAY
WITH EXTAFF OFFICIALS RESPONSIBLE FOR AFRICAN AREA
INCLUDING ANGOLA, THEY SURMISED THAT TRUDEAU COULD NOT
FAIL TO MENTION ANGOLA IN HAVANA BUT WERE UNAWARE OF HIS
INTENTIONS AND HAD NOT BEEN CALLED UPON FOR BRIEFING
PAPERS).
4, UNDER THESE CIRCUMSTANCES, EMBASSY BELIEVES IT
INADVISABLE TO TAKE INITIATIVE WITH WARREN UNLESS (1)
DEPT WISHES ON ITS OWN TO REQUEST TRUDEAU TO INTERCEDE WITH
CASTRO ON MATTER AND (2) DEPT DOES so WITHOUT
REFERENCE TO HEAD'S APPROACH. EXTAFF'S NOSE WOULD BE
FAR OUT OF JOINT IF IT APPEARED WE WERE ACTING IN MATTER
ON SUGGESTION OF HEAD, WITH WHOM IT HAS QUITE
UNPLEASANT RIVALRY.
5. IN EVENT DEPT HAS SUCH INTEREST, HEAD WOULD
UNDOUBTEDLY TAKE CREDIT, ASSUMING TRUDEAU BOUGHT THE
PROJECT. BUT SUCH BACK-PATTING COULD NOT BE AVOIDED AND WOULD
BE WORTH THE PAIN IN THE LARGER INTEREST. FOR EMBASSY TO
SUGGEST TO HEAD THAT HE FUNNEL HIS REQUEST TO EXTAFF
WOULD ACCOMPLISH NOTHING BUT INVITE HIS ANNOYANCE.
6. MOST DIFFICULT ASSESSMENT TO MAKE IS WHAT TRUDEAUIS
INCLINATION MIGHT BE. ON ONE HAND, HE WOULD NOT WISH GIVE
OFFENCE TO CASTRO DURING HIS FIRST OFFICIAL VISIT. ON
OTHER HAND, HIS INSTINCT IS PROBABLY AGAINST
INTERVENTION OF CUBAN AND OTHER FOREIGN TROOPS AND IN
FAVOR USG POLICY. IN ANY EVENT, EMBASSY SEES NO HARM IN
DEPT'S BROACHING SUBJECT TO WARREN IF IT REALLY THINKS
CASTRO MIGHT BE PERSUADED OR AT LEAST IMPRESSED WITH
FUHD
TRUDEAU INTERCESSION. AT LEAST HE HAS SHOWN NO WISH
&
SO FAR TO PUT KINK IN GROWING CUBAN-CANADIAN ENTENTE.
BERALD
LIBHARY
JOHNSON
CONFIDENTIAL
NCI 10 BE REPRODUCED WITHOUT THE AUTHORIZATION OF THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
FORM
1652
8251
ba
MEMORANDUM
THE PRESIDENT HAS SEEN
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
INFORMATION
January 5, 1976
CONFIDENTIAL
MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT
grey
FROM:
BRENT SCOWCROFT
SUBJECT:
US-Canadian Relations
At a December 13 farewell reception for Canadian journalists, U.S.
Ambassador William Porter made a point of expressing concern
over the growing reaction in US business circles, the Congress,
the press and public to recent actions in Canada adversely affecting
established US interests. Specifically, Ambassador Porter raised
such issues as lack of clarity in Ottawa's restrictions on foreign
investment, deletion of commercials from American television
signals carried by Canadian cable companies, the requirement that
most commercials broadcast in Canada be made in that country, plans
to nationalize the potash industry in Saskatchewan, the Canadian energy
policy, including increased prices and curtailment of deliveries,
and removal of favorable tax status for the Canadian editions of Time
and Reader's Digest. The Ambassador noted that, if unchecked, this
increasing climate of unease and resentment on both sides of the border
could have an adverse impact on relations between our two countries.
Ambassador Porter's remarks may not have been entirely felicitous,
but they were distorted by the Canadian press. A number of articles
erroneously reported that he had said relations between the United
States and Canada were deteriorating, and that a summit meeting
between you and Prime Minister Trudeau was called for to deal with
the problem. During the extensive parliamentary debate which resulted
from the interview, the Prime Minister, apparently without checking
on the accuracy of the press reports, said he was "surprised" atthe
Ambassador's comments, which did not reflect the tenor of his recent
meetings with you and the Secretary of State, adding that Ambassador
Porter, if quoted correctly, had gone beyond "acceptable bounds. "
FORD
LIBRARY
The Ambassador's comments have been clarified to the press both here and
A
in Ottawa, and by Secretary Kissinger and Canadian External Affairs Minister
BERALD
MacEachen on the fringe of last month's producer-consumer meeting in Paris.
As a result, favorable comment is beginning to appear in the Canadian press.
CONFIDENTIAL - GDS
GG 10/15/01
CONFIDENTIAL
-2-
The Toronto Globe and Mail, Canada's most respected and influential
English-language newspaper, has criticized Prime Minister Trudeau for
"over-reaction, " noting that a frank dialogue must be maintained across the
border if the United States and Canada are to have a "mature" relationship.
The following paragraphs review in greater detail some of the issues raised
by Ambassador Porter. While the United States and Canada continue to have
the largest volume of trade between any two countries in the world, and are
the recipients of the largest share of each other's foreign investment, Canada,
the junior partner, sees US size and influence as a potential threat to Canadian
independence and sovereignty.
Against this backdrop, Ottawa has taken a number of restrictive measures
to preserve and enhance control over Canadian economic and cultural life.
We have expressed understanding of Canada's actions, but have also indicated
our concern that programs of enhanced national control in Canada frequently
encroach on substantial US economic interests. We have pointed out that the
cumulative effect of these actions has caused growing concern on the part of
the US business community and Congress and could have the unintended effect
of inspiring demands for retaliation in the United States.
--Oil Supply. The Canadian government has announced that oil exports
are to be phased out by the early 1980's in order to ensure that Canadian
domestic needs continue to be met. We have been discussing with Canada
for some time how the requirements of traditional U.S. customers can be
taken into account. We are hopeful that arrangements can be made, including
"oil exchanges", so as to avoid undue hardship for U.S. customers who may
have difficulty in finding alternative sources of supply.
-Gas Supply. Ottawa has also warned that shortfalls in natural gas export
commitments can be expected beginning with the 1976-77 heating season. The
U.S. has been assured that there will be no cutbacks during the current heating
season and we are continuing discussions with Canadian officials regarding
the potential long-term impact on U.S. customers.
-Pipeline Treaty. U.S. and Canadian negotiators have virtually agreed
on a draft text of a pipeline treaty which would provide for secure and non-
discriminatory treatment of throughput of oil and gas pipelines across each
other's territory.
FORD
R
CONFIDENTIAL
GDS
BERALD
LIBRARY
CONFIDENTIAL
-3-
-- Takeover of Potash Mines in Saskatchewan. The Saskatchewan
government announced last month its intention to take over the potash mines
in the province. A large percentage of the potash imported to the U.S.
comes from these mines, many of which are owned wholly or partially by
U.S. interests. Presently, the provincial government is talking to each of
the affected companies and we are awaiting the outcome of these discussions.
In the meantime, we have sent a note to Ottawa drawing its attention to the
action by the Province of Saskatchewan and underscoring our important
economic interests there. We have asked for the assessment by the Canadian
government of this provincial action and are awaiting a response.
-- Cable TV Deletions. The Canadian government has been following
a policy of encouraging the development of the Canadian TV industry for
both cultural and economic reasons. One facet of this policy has been to
require Canadian cable TV companies to develop plans for random deletion
of the commercial messages contained in U.S. TV shows carried over
Canadian cable TV. The intent of this policy is to discourage Canadian
advertisers from putting their money into U.S. TV programming and to
divert advertising instead to Canadian stations. U.S. broadcasters have
taken legal action, and the case is before the Canadian Supreme Court. In
the meantime, the Canadian government has recently agreed to discuss this
issue with us, and the first talks will be held in Ottawa in January.
Time-Readers Digest. The Canadian Parliament is expected to
pass legislation soon removing the tax deduction which Canadian companies
advertising in the Canadian editions of Time and Readers Digest have
enjoyed in the past. The Canadian legislation and implementing regulations
are drawn up so as to treat these magazines in the future as foreign, not
Canadian, periodicals. They will probably stop publication as a result. We
have recently relayed to the Canadian government Time's complaint that,
during its efforts to continue to qualify as a Canadian publication, it has not
been treated fairly by Ottawa. In raising this matter, we have underscored
that we are not questioning the right of the Canadian government to take the
legislative action proposed, but are concerned over the impact of the action.
-- Canadian Defense Decisions. Reversing a trend of the past decade
which has led to the downgrading of the Canadian military establishment,
Ottawa has announced decisions which will increase defense spending,
modernize Canadian military equipment, and reaffirm its mutual defense
obligations within NATO and to the U.S. Canada will maintain its land/air
mix in Central Europe, will modernize its tank force and will purchase Orion
long-range patrol aircraft from the United States. Earlier this year, Canada
renewed the NORAD air-defense agreement with the United States.
FORD
?
CONFIDENTIAL
GERALD
LIBRARY
GDS
Tab A fwd to π 1/6
1030
AH
MEMORANDUM
8251
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
bb
CONFIDENTIAL
ACTION
December 22, 1975
MEMORANDUM FOR BRENT SCOWCROFT
Hold
for
FROM:
Mr. Clift and
SUBJECT:
US-Canadian Relations
The information memorandum for your signature to the President at
Tab A would forward a brief report on US-Canadian relations in the
wake of Ambassador Porter's recent farewell press interview in
Ottawa. The memorandum places the Ambassador's comments in
perspective and highlights issues of principal concern to our two
countries.
You may also wish to consider the possibility of a Presidential visit to
Ottawa in 1976. Perhaps a working visit in February, much along the
lines of Prime Minister Trudeau's one day December 1974 visit to
Washington, would be appropriate. The President has a longstanding
invitation from the Prime Minister to visit Canada, and this would permit
them to pursue the consultations which they began in their Washington
talks last year and continued at the NATO summit in Brussels in May.
If you agree, I will prepare a schedule proposal for a brief official
visit to Ottawa by the President.
RECOMMENDATION
1. That you sign the memorandum for the President at Tab A.
2. That you indicate your guidance on visit to Ottawa:
-- Prepare schedule proposal for visit to Ottawa by the President
in February.
APPROVE
DISAPPROVE
-- Defer schedule proposal for time being
BERALD & LLGRARY FORD
CONFIDENTIAL
GDS
GG10/15/01
S/S-7524789 8251
bc
OF STATE
Washington, D.C. 20520
CONFIDENTIAL
December 19, 1975
MEMORANDUM FOR MR. BRENT SCOWCROFT
THE WHITE HOUSE
Subject: U.S.-Canadian Relations
The following is in response to the NSC memorandum
of December 16 requesting information on U.S.-Canadian
relations.
Ambassador Porter's recent remarks to Canadian
journalists at a farewell reception were aimed at
flagging the growing concern in the U.S. business
community and Congress over recent Canadian actions
affecting U.S. interests. Prime Minister Trudeau re-
acted to distortions in the Canadian press indicating
that Porter had described the bilateral relationship
as deteriorating and had allegedly commented on recent
provincial elections in Canada. The White House state-
ment of December 16 and Secretary Kissinger's joint
press conference with External Affairs Minister MacEachen
in Paris on December 16 served to put into perspective
the contretemps by emphasizing that the bilateral re-
lationship is very good and that any outstanding problems
are being dealt with appropriately.
The U.S. and Canada continue to have the largest
volume of trade between any two countries in the world,
and are the recipients of the largest share of each
other's foreign investment. However, because of the
overwhelming disparity in size between the two countries,
Canada, as the junior partner, traditionally fears over-
dependency on the U.S. with its attendant danger of high
vulnerability to U.S. actions and its consequent potential
threat to Canadian independence and sovereignty.
Against this backdrop, Canadian nationalists seek
to preserve Canadian control over natural resources,
FORD
CONFIDENTIAL
GDS
BERALO
LIBRARY
G/7/10/15/01
CONFIDENTIAL
-2-
economic interests and culture, all of which appear
threatened in their eyes by U.S. Government or business
actions. It is this situation which had led to recent
Canadian measures such as the passage of a Foreign In-
vestment Review Act, planned reductions in oil and gas
exports, and steps against Canadian editions of Time
and Readers Digest, as well as U.S. television. The
Canadian Government denies that any of these actions
are anti-American in their intent, and asserts they
are meant simply to preserve and improve Canadian
control over its economic and cultural life. The U.S.
has fully accepted Canadian sovereignty; however, we are
concerned about the effect of these actions on our own
legitimate interests. Programs of enhanced national
control in Canada frequently encroach on substantial
U.S. economic interests, which are likely to have
developed with Canadian acquiescence or active encouragement
at that time. We have also pointed out that the cumulative
effect of these actions has caused growing concern on the
part of the U.S. business community and Congress and
could have the unintended effect of reducing U.S. investor
confidence in Canada and inspiring demands for retaliation.
As the President and Secretary Kissinger have re-
affirmed this week in public statements, the overall re-
lationship with Canada is healthy. In all of the issues
noted below, we are confident that as a result of our
representations to Canada, U.S. interests will be taken
into account in reaching solutions.
Current Major Outstanding Issues
1. Oil Supply
The Canadian Government has announced that oil exports
are to be phased out by the early 1980's in order to en-
sure that Canadian domestic needs continue to be met. We
have been discussing with Canada for some time how the
requirements of traditional U.S. customers can be taken
into account. We are hopeful that arrangements will be
made, including oil swaps, so as to avoid undue hardship
for U.S. customers who may have difficulty in finding
alternative sources of supply.
FORD
CONFIDENTIAL
BERALD
LIBRARY
CONFIDENTIAL
-3-
2. Gas Supply
The Canadian Government has also warned that short-
falls in natural gas export commitments can be expected
beginning with the 1976-77 heating season. The U.S. has
been assured that there will be no cutbacks during the
current heating season and we are continuing discussions
with Canadian officials regarding the potential long-
term impact on U.S. customers.
3. Pipeline Treaty
U.S. and Canadian negotiators have virtually agreed
on a draft text of a pipeline treaty which would provide
for secure and non-discriminatory treatment of throughput
of oil and gas pipelines across each other's territory.
4. Takeover of Potash Mines in Saskatchewan
The Saskatchewan Government announced last month its
intention to take over the potash mines in the province.
A large percentage of the potash imported to the U.S.
comes from these mines, many of which are owned wholly
or partially by U.S. interests. Presently, the provincial
government is talking to each of the affected companies
and we are awaiting the outcome of these discussions. In
the meantime, we have sent a note to the Canadian Govern-
ment drawing its attention to the action by the Province
of Saskatchewan and underscoring our important economic
interests there. We have asked for the assessment of
the Canadian Government of this provincial action and
are awaiting its response.
5. Cable TV Deletions
The Canadian Government has been following a policy
of encouraging the development of the Canadian TV industry
for both cultural and economic reasons. One facet of
this policy has been to require Canadian cable TV companies
to develop plans for random deletion of the commercial
messages contained in U.S. TV shows carried over Canadian
FUND
cable TV. The intent of this policy is to discourage
&
Canadian advertisers from putting their money into U.S.
TV programming and to divert advertising instead to
Canadian stations. U.S. broadcasters have taken legal
BERALD
LIBRARY
action, and the case is before the Canadian Supreme Court
In the meantime, the Canadian Government has recently
agreed to discuss this issue with us, and the first talks
will be held in Ottawa in January.
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
-4-
6. Time-Readers Digest
The Canadian Parliament is expected to pass legis-
lation soon removing the tax deduction which Canadian
companies advertising in the Canadian editions of Time
and Readers Digest have enjoyed in the past. The
Canadian legislation and implementing regulations are
drawn up so as to treat these magazines in the future
as foreign, not Canadian, periodicals, and they will
probably stop publication as a result. We have recently
relayed to the Canadian Government Time's complaint that,
during its efforts to continue to qualify as a Canadian
publication, it has not been treated fairly by the
Canadian Government. In raising this matter, we have
underscored that the U.S. is not questioning the right
of the Canadian Government to take the legislative action
proposed.
7. Canadian Defense Decisions
Reversing a trend of the past decade which has led
to the downgrading of its military establishment, the
Canadian Government has announced decisions which will
increase defense spending, modernize Canadian military
equipment, and reaffirm its mutual defense obligations
within NATO and to the U.S. Canada will maintain its
land/air mix in Central Europe modernizing its tank
force there and will purchase Orion long-range patrol
aircraft. It is expected that Canada will soon take
decisions regarding a new fighter aircraft and a ship
replacement program.
8. Cuban Assets Controls
Canada has complained that U.S. regulatory changes
following adjustment of U.S. policy to allow U.S. sub-
sidiaries abroad to trade with Cuba actually increased
licensing requirements for subsidiaries rather than
relieving them. The Secretary explained in October that
we could not eliminate controls because of our own
continuing restrictions on U.S. trade, but agreed to
look into the regulations. We are currently attempting
to work out an appropriate revision with U.S. agencies
concerned.
team
FORD
George S. Springsteen
?
Executive Secretary
BERALD
LIBRARY
CONFIDENTIAL
8251
bd
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
CONFIDENTIAL
December 16, 1975
MEMORANDUM FOR
George S. Springsteen
Executive Secretary
Department of State
SUBJECT:
US-Canadian Relations
In light of Ambassador Porter's recent interview with the press
in Ottawa and the reaction of the Government of Canada, it would
be appreciated if the Department of State would forward by December
18, 1975 a paper succinctly reviewing the current status of US-Canadian
relations. The paper should examine the noteworthy political, economic
and military issues which are outstanding between our governments,
those issues which have recently been resolved to the satisfaction of
the United States and those which have been resolved in a manner not
in keeping with U.S. interests.
Jeanne dm W. Davis
Staff Secretary
FORD
&
BERALD
LIBRARY
CONFIDENTIAL
GDS
dispatched 12/16/75 MOT NSC Receipt
GG 10/15/01
be
NATIONAL SECURITY
UNCIL
12/16/75
CONFIDENTIAL
12/16/75
MEMORANDUM FOR JEANNE W. DAVIS
The attached memo for your signature
to State would ask for a quick, objective
review of US-Canadian relations
an
FORD
ADC
&
LIBRARY
CONFID ENTIAL
BERALD
DECLASSIFIED
E.O. 12958, SEC. 3.5
BY, GG
NSC MEMO, 11/24/98, STATE DEPT. GUIDELINES
, NARA. DATE 10/15/01
Rewrite: BS:mb 1/3/76 8251 Action
INFORMATION
CONFIDENTIAL
MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT
FROM:
BRENT SCOWCROFT
SUBJECT:
US-Canadian Relations
At a December 13 farewell reception for Canadian journalists, U.S.
Ambassador William Porter made a point of expressing concern
over the growing reaction in US business circles, the Congress,
the press and public to recent actions in Canada adversely affecting
established US interests. Specifically, Ambassador Porter raised
such issues as lack of clarity in Ottawa's restrictions on foreign
investment, deletion of commercials from American television
signals carried by Canadian cable companies, the requirement that
most commercials broadcast in Canada be made in that country, plans
to nationalize the potash industry in Saskatchewan, the Canadian energy
policy, including increased prices and curtailment of deliveries,
and removal of favorable tax status for the Canadian editions of Time
and Reader's Digest. The Ambassador noted that, if unchecked, this
increasing climate of unease and resentment on both sides of the border
could have an adverse impact on relations between our two countries.
Ambassador Porter's remarks may not have been entirely felicitous,
but they were distorted by the Canadian press. A number of articles
erroneously reported that he had said relations between the United
States and Canada were deteriorating, and that a summit meeting
between you and Prime Minister Trudeau was called for to deal with
the problem. During the extensive parliamentary debate which resulted
from the interview, the Prime Minister, apparently without checking
on the accuracy of the press reports, said he was "surprised" attthe
Ambassador's comments, which did not reflect the tenor of his recent
meetings with you and the Secretary of State, adding that Ambassador
Porter, if quoted correctly, had gone beyond "acceptable bounds. =
FORD
&
GERALD
LIBRARY
The Ambassador's comments have been clarified to the press both here and
in Ottawa, and by Secretary Kissinger and Canadian External Affairs Minister
MacEachen on the fringe of last month's'producer-consumer meeting in Paris.
As a result, favorable comment is beginning to appear in the Canadian press.
CONFIDENTIAL GDS
46 10/15/01
6g
MEMORANDUM
THE WHITE HOUSE
8251
WASHINGTON
CONFIDENTIAL
INFORMATION
FORD
&
MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT
Brent Scowcroft
GERALD
LIBRARY
FROM:
SUBJECT:
US-Canadian Relations
At a December 13 farewell reception for Canadian journalists, U.S.
Ambassador William Porter made a point of expressing concern over the
growing reaction in US business circles, the Congress, and the press
and public to recent actions in Canada adversely affecting established US
interests. Specifically, Ambassador Porter raised such issues as lack of
clarity in Ottawa's restrictions on foreign investment, deletion of commercials
from American television signals carried by Canadian cable companies, the
requirement that most commercials broadcast in Canada be made in that
country, plans to nationalize the potash industry in Saskatchewan, Canadian
energy policy, including increased prices and curtailment of deliveries,
and removal of favorable tax status for the Canadian editions of Time and
Reader's Digest. The Ambassador noted that, if unchecked, this increasing
climate of unease and resentment on both sides of the border could have an
adverse impact on relations between our two countries.
home been entruchy bruthey
Ambassador Porter's remarks, were distorted by the Canadian press. A
number of articles erroneously reported that he had said relations between
the United States and Canada were deteriorating, and that a summit meeting
between you and Prime Minister Trudeau was called for to deal with the
problem. During the extensive parliamentary debate which followed, the
Prime Minister, apparently without checking on the accuracy of the press
reports, said he was "surprised" at the Ambassadorscomments which did
not reflect the tenor of his recent meetings with you and the Secretary of
State, adding that Ambassador Porter, if quoted correctly, had gone beyond
"acceptable bounds.
The Ambassador's comments have been clarified to the press both here and
in Ottawa, and by Secretary Kissinger and Canadian External Affairs Minister
MacEachen on the fringe of last week's producer-consumer meeting in Paris.
As a result, favorable comment is beginning to appear in the Canadian press.
CONFIDENTIAL
GDS
from
interning
the
GG 10/15/01
64
DOC
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INITIAL ACTION O
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CORRESPONDENCE TO: PRES PROFILE FROM: Onio ISSINGER H MO
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SUBJECT: Request Jon state for Status TS SENSITIVE
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(
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(
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PROGRAM ANALYSIS
DUE DATE:
NSC PLANNING
COMMENTS: (INCLUDING SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS)
CONGRESSIONAL
OCEANS POLICY
INTELLIGENCE
DATE
FROM
TO
S
12/16
State
d Status SUBSEQUENT Report ACTION REQUIRED (OR TAKEN) (12-18)
CY TO
12/19
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SUBSEQUENT ROUTING/ACTIONS
12/19
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12/22
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GERALD a FORD
DISPATCH
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MICROFILM & FILE RQMTS:
NSC/S DISP INSTR
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BY
SPECIAL DISPOSITION:
M/ CRT ID: 0.91976 1976 BY
SF
CROSS REF W/
SUSPENSE CY ATTACHED:
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