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Japan - Prime Minister Sato
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Japan - Prime Minister Sato
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The original documents are located in Box 3, folder "Japan - Prime Minister Sato" of the National Security Adviser's Presidential Correspondence with Foreign Leaders Collection at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Copyright Notice The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald Ford donated to the United States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. TabA THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON January 10, 1975 Dear Mr. Prime Minister: Kei Wakaizumi has given me a copy of your Nobel address delivered in Oslo on December 11, 1974. I want to express my admiration for the wisdom and humanity which are so evident in your address. I remember that when we met in Tokyo on November 19, you told me of your intention to urge further efforts to bring the nuclear arms race under control. Your address did this admirably and forcefully. The United States is strongly in sympathy with your call for these efforts. We also believe strongly in the principle of inter- national cooperation to develop the peaceful uses of atomic energy while safeguarding against weapons proliferation. Your reflections on Japan's role in the world are particularly thoughtful and interesting. Your Nobel address, as well as your whole career, are an example of moral leadership of a kind which the world is sorely in need of today. With my best wishes and highest esteem. Warm regards, Henry A. Kissinger His Excellency Eisaku Sato Tokyo, Japan R GERALD Digitized from Box 3 of the NSA Presidential Correspondence with Foreign Leaders Collection at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library 11 MEMORANDUM THE WHITE HOUSE ACTION WASHINGTON December 31, 1974 MEMORANDUM FOR: SECRETARY KISSINGER FROM: PETER W. RODMAN PUR SUBJECT: SATO'S NOBEL SPEECH In Tokyo on November 19, Sato spoke with you about his forthcoming Nobel address. He wanted to propose a five-power no-first-use-of-nuclear-weapons declaration, and you enumerated the reasons why this wasn't a good idea. (Memcon excerpt at Tab C.) Kei Wakaizumi has now dropped off a copy of Sato's address as given in Oslo on December 11. (Tab B.) Wakaizumi assured me Sato had followed your advice. Sato's address, inter alia: -- defends the Japan-US Security Treaty urges Japanese ratification of the NPT -- calls it "gratifying" that the US and Soviet Union have made "a certain amount of progress" in SALT and hopes that gradual reductions will follow. -- urges the nuclear-weapons powers to assume their "heavy responsibilities for assuring the peace and security of the world" and to make further (undefined) "epoch-making progress in nuclear arms control and disarmament." praises the US-Japanese agreement on reversion of Okinawa. calls for development of the peaceful uses of atomic energy as a response to the food, energy and economic crises. He enumerates three principles to govern this development: international safety standards, international control of the exchange and allocation of nuclear fuel, and international cooperation in R & D on nuclear fusion. (His proposal for international control of nuclear fuel goes way beyond the US position. It is also interesting that he does not otherwise address the key issue of safeguards. ) reflects on the reasons for Japan's failure to make greater contri- butions to world civilization. Overall, it is a positive and thoughtful speech, and you may want to write a note to Sato complimenting him on it. A draft is at Tab A. RECOMMENDATION: That you sign the note to Sato at Tab A. GERALD LIBRARY GERALD by to LIBRARY 18WE817 GERALD is Editor's Note:-The following is the full text of a com- Mainichi Daily News, Friday, December 13, 1974 memorative address delivered by former Prime Minister Eisaku Sato in Oslo Wednesday night after he received the 1974 Nobel Peace Prize. Japan In Nuclear Age- A. OFFICE In Pursuit Of Peace State Of Isolation Common Task Though frequent turmoils Excellencies, Ladies and Great Change vitiated life in other parts of We, in the latter part of the Gentiemen: the world during the two and Japan has changed greatly 20th Century, are, however, liv- Having the exceptional honor half centuries from the beginn- during the 30 years since the ing in the núclear age. I point- to receive the Nobel Peace ing of the 17th Century, Ja- period of confusion following ed out in a basic policy speech Prize, rich in tradition and pan managed to live in defeat-rebuilding the nation's delivered in the National Diet honored throughout the world, tranquility in a state of isolaton, life and regaining its sovereign in early 1968, that the common before such a distinguished neither threatening other na- independence, with vigorous task: confronting all countries assembly, was, indeed, the most tions nor threatened by them. economic and social develop- today is the question of how memorable occasion of my life. It was only in the mid-19th ment complemented by scienti- we are to survive this nuclear I believe that it is not upon Century that Japan, faced with fic and technological progress age. me alone that this rare honor the growing presence of Eu- in the sixties. In the meantime, I established three non- has been bestowed; the Jap- ropean powers in Asia, aban- our people made certain im- nuclear principles as a policy anese people share it with me. doned its policy of isolation, portant choices. of the Japanese Government and opened its doors to the The first among them was All through the years since after deep reflection on the outside world, and, with the the spontaneous formation of World War II, the Japanese course Japan should take as a a national consensus not to be people have; I am convinced, Meiji Restoration; began to country which will not possess made strenuous efforts to pre- move towards the creation of armed with nuclear weapons. nucear arms. This policy states a modern nation state. It has often been pointed out that we shall not manufacture serve and promote world peace, Subsequently, the Japanese that, with the rise in the level contributing to the progress and nuclear weapons, that we shall prosperity of mankind. people experienced a variety of of economic activity and the not possess. them and that we It is, therefore, on behalf of vicissitudes and were involved great strides made in science shall not bring them into our in international disputes, even- and technology, Japan has the country. This was later reaf- the Japanese people as well tually, for the first time in capacity to produce nuclear firmed by a resolution of our that I respectfully express my arms. However, it is, in spite of Diet. I have no doubt that this profcund gratitude to the Nobel their history, experiencing the horrors of modern warfare on Japan's potential, or precisely Committee of the Norwegian policy will be pursued by all Parliament for their decision to their own soil during World for that reason, that our people future governments. have, on their own initiative, award this prize to us. It was War II. Japan is the only coun- It was also during my tenure made the firm choice not to be with great pride as a Jap- try in the world to have suffer- of office that the Japanese Gov- armed with nuclear weapons. anese and with deep humility ed ravages of atomic bombing. ernment agreed to the conclu- This is also the firm policy of sion of a Nuclear Non-Prolife- as an individual that I accepted That experience left an indelible mark on the hearts of our the Japanese Government. I ration Treaty and signed it, this prize. people, making them passion- wish to take this opportunity pursuing a policy in harmony I have held the post of Prime Minister of Japan for one-third ately determined to renounce to declare this again un- with the avowed desire of the of the 22-year period since the all wars equivocally, and beg that my people. Under the terms of our distinguished audience will Constitution, the assent of the San Francisco Peace Treaty Fully conscious of the bitter bear this fact in mind Diet is required before ratifica- entered into force. It seems to lessons of defeat in 1945, and It is only natural that for tion procedures can be com- me that this is an appropriate unswervingly determined to any statesman at the helm of pleted; it is my desire to see opportunity to look back upon seek an enduring peace, our people revised the old Constitu- any government the question these procedures completed the Japanese people's opting for peace, and the efforts they have tion. The new Constitution is of his country's security should with the least possible delay, be a concern of the utmost im- Thermonuclear energy, used made to give substance to that founded on the principles of portance. as a means of warfare, has decision. the protection of human rights Upon assuming the reins of terrifying potential for destruc- If the attainment of peace is on the one hand, and the re- nunciation of war on the other. government, I adopted, always tion. In fact, the proliferation the ultimate objective of all conscious of the importance of of nuclear weapons may well statesmen, it is, at the same Article 9. of the Japanese the role of the United Nations, jeopardize the very survival of time, something very ordinary, Constitution stipulates as fol- a policy of following a formula mankind. Nuclear disarmament closely tied to the daily life lows: of collective security based on has now become a matter of of each individual. In familiar "Aspiring sincerely to an the Charter of the United Na- the utmost urgency. Conse- terms, it is the condition that international peace based on tions for the maintenance of quently, it is gratifying that allows each individual and his family to pursue, without fear, justice and order, the Japa- my country's security in the the Strategic Arms Limitation nese people forever renounce prevailing international sitúa- Talks between the United the purpose of their lives. It is only in such circumstances war as a sovereign right of tion. In the light of the circum- States and the Union of Soviet that each individual will be the nation and the threat or stances in which my country Socialist Republics have made the use of force as means of was placed, this meant the a certain amount of progress. able to devote himself without the loss of hope for the future settling international dis- maintenance of the Japan-U.S. Nevertheless, this progress of mankind, to the education putes. Mutual Security and Coopera- represents only a- freezing at tion Treaty which took effect present levels. It is the earnest of his children, to an attempt to Such a declaration renounc- in 1960, This treaty is not hope of our people that the leave upon the history of man- ing the use of force in the set- directed against any country kind the imprint of his own world may see the day when tlement of international dis- but rather seeks to establish all nuclear weapons are creative and constructive achi- putes, incorporating the philo- the basic conditions prerequisite abolished. If I may, however, evements in the arts, culture, sophy of the Kellogg-Briand for the maintenance of peace. be allowed to put this in more religion and other activities pact, has been made by peoples This is the meaning of the realistic, if more modest, fulfilling social aspirations. This other than the Japanese. It is treaty. terms, the nuclear powers, is the peace which is essential noteworthy, however, that a with the United States and for all individuals, peoples, na- major power like Japan should the USSR taking the lead, tions, and thus for the whole have persevered in this direc- should at least, cease their of humanity. tion by national consensus and quantitative and qualitative be determined to retain this attitude in the future. By that time, Okinawa had come to occupy a key strategic Foreign Relations nuclear arms race, and sincere- Nevertheless, the guiding position in Asia in the frame- In the area of foreign rela- spirit of equality and mutual ly explore effective and practi- work of the Cold War. Never- tions, I have always sought to cal means. for the gradual re- advantage and the realistic ap- theless I declared soon after my maintain friendly relations with proach of seeking to establish duction and international con- assumption of office as Prime all countries, indeed to improve trol of nuclear arms. friendship with close neighbors Minister my conviction that: them further. Prince Shotoku, first proved effective. In Janu- In this context, I wish to "Until Okinawa is returned, who lived from the end of the ary 1966, the Treaty on Basic point out to the five nations Japan will not have complete- 6th century to the 7th century, Relations between Japan and which at present possess nu- ly emerged from her postwar was a distinguished political the Republic of Korea and the clear weapons that they have period." For I had come to leader of ancient Japan as well related agreements became ef- especially heavy responsibilities the conviction that to leave as a great religious leader of for assuring the peace and Okinawa in such an anomalous fective, thus solving a major the period when Buddhism was security of the world. The pending issue in postwar Jap- state would create greater ten- introduced into Japan, Japan's anese diplomacy. Japanese people hope most sion in Asia because of the first constitution, established by Now to look at Southeast earnestly that constructive. ef- very important position of this Prince Shotoku begins with the Asia in the 1960s. The econo- forts will be made by these group of islands and that to nuclear powers with a view to realize the reversion of Oki- declaration "Harmony is the my developed over the entire bringing about some epcch- nawa would contribute to a basic principle to be respected." area at a comparatively steady making progress in nuclear stable peace- in the Western This spirit is a national and pace, despite the grave prob- arms control and disarmament. Pacific. popular ideal which has run lem of the Vietnam War which I came to be convinced that through Japanese history. fortunately did not spread be- between countries like Japan As for myself, I have ex- yond the Indo-China Peninsula. 2nd Achievement and the United States, each pressed this spirit of harmony This progress was the fruit The second achievement dur- with a democratic system and in the words "magnanimity of the unceasing initiatives and ing my tenure of office that I and harmony," making it one efforts made by various coun- a high standard of living, it should like to refer to was would, by means of peaceful of the guiding principles of my tries under the wise leadership Japan's attainment of the re- negotiations, not be at all im- political life. There is a favo- of their leaders. I believe that version to Japan of the Ogasa- possible to avoid a confronta- rite saying of mine: "Here I Japan was also able to make wara and Okinawa Islands. tion, even given considerable stand and there stand you; but some contribution to this pro- The international order estab- differences of interest. The we remain friends." It is only gress. Japan was in the fore- lished at the end of World War negotiations on the reversion natural that people should dif- front of the nations participat- II could certainly have been of Okinawa did indeed present fer Nevertheless, all should ing in the establishment of the accept these differences with Asian Development Bank in worse. However, this order a challenge. Fortunately, ow- did contain certain factors ing to the wisdom and fore- tolerance and seek a way in 1966, took an active part in the which bore within them the sight of its drafters, Article which they can live. together convening of the first Ministeri- seeds of instability. The divid- in peace through mutual al Conference for the Econom- 3 of the San Francisco Peace ed countries provide the most Treaty left us with ways to understanding. This indeed, is ic Development of Southeast vivid example of this situation. obtain a readjustment. the moral principle which has Asia, and also participated in Moreover, the fact that the guided me in the reality of the Asian and Pacific Council. In the light of the mutually majority of the divided coun- politics. I am happy to say that She, thus, made every effort to shared basis of friendship and tries in the world are in Asia trust in the soundness of Ja- it has the support of many further the development of indicates how global tensions pan-U.S. relations, and with people of good will in Japan regional cooperation and mutu- might concentrate in that con- the purpose of relaxing tensions and elsewhere. al solidarity. The leaders of tinent. in Asia, with the ultimate aim Southeast Asia rate highly the This spirit, when applied in Under the Japanese Peace of achieving a stable world role our country has played in the fields of external relations, Treaty, signed in San Fran- the non-military areas of the peace, I sought from the Unit- can develop into policies for the cisco in 1951, Okinawa and ed States the return of Oki- economy and technology. I be- maintenance of peaceful and lieve we must continue this Ogasawara, integral parts of nawa in the form of a peace- fraternal relations, whatever our national territory, were ful alteration of the then cooperation ever more actively differences may exist among placed under the administra- prevailing situation. in order to achieve tangible countries whose ideologies, It cannot be said that these results In addition, the ac- tion of the United States, with social, systems and policies Japan retaining residual negotiations were easy. How- tivities of the Youth Overseas differ Cooperation Corps, whose mem- sovereignty. The fact of de- ever, the United States, as a friendly country, lent a willing Prompted by this spirit, I bers devote themselves to feat obliged our country to emphasized first and foremost acquiesce in this arrangement. ear to the Japanese request working hand-in-hand with and Finally, the great achievement the development of good- However, with the passing of sweat alongside the local peo- time, the world gradually mov- of realizing the return of ter- neighbor diplomacy in Asia. ple for the improvement of the ritory through diplomatic Depending on the countries and ed towards stability and pros- standard of living in developing the problems involved, there perity, while our country re- negotiations, an event rarely countries, not only in South were occasions when it was witnessed in world history, was east Asia but throughout the gained sufficient economic and achieved. not easy to put this policy into developing world, greatly in- diplomatic potential to contri- practice. However, I never As a result of this political creased during my premiership. bute to the progress and devel- adopted a policy which meant solution, peace and stability in I like to believe that, thanks opment of the community of na- that we looked upon a foreign the East. Asian region sur- to numerous opportunities for tions. As these developments country with hostility, and I al- heart-to-heart talks with Asian took place, the desire that the rounding Japan have been ways conducted myself with leaders in order to deepen arrangements I have mentioned strengthened. Furthermore, the the utmost sincerity, always be- should be revised gradually friendly relations existing be- mutual understanding, I was ing ready for dialogue. able to contribute to the culti- gained ground in our national tween America and Japan, which are the key to this peace It was with this viewpoint in vation of friendly and good- consciousness. and stability, have been placed mind that I undertook, in earn- neighborly relations in our It was a clearly anomalous est, negotiations to normalize part of the world. situation for one million Jap- on an even firmer foundation anese people to be still under A situation had been created, relations with the Republic of By an interesting coincidence, moreover, which would serve as Korea soon after my assump- foreign domination more than my life began in 1901, the year tion of office as Prime Min- 20 years after the termination the basis for a gradual relaxa- in which the first Nobel Peace tion of tension with China ister. These negotiations en- Prize was awarded. For, 74 of hostilities: The desire to see It is my belief that the return countered numerous difficulties, years the Nobel Prize has Okinawa returned to Japam of Okinawa is a shining example due largely to national feeling witnessed the bright and dark developed into a broad national consensus among our people. of a peaceful modification of on the part of both the Jap- phases in the quest for world the status quo and that it also anese and Korean peoples, at- peace During my life time, I tributable to the historical fact contributed to the relaxation of have also shared the same ex- GERALO BRANY tension in Asia, and towstabili- of the past domination of Ko- periences. Therefore, feel ty in the Western Pacific re- rea by Japan and to the reality that I might be allowed to gion. As for Japan, the return of the Korean Peninsula being venture some observations on of Okinawa has served as a divided into two camps. one of the subjects confronting major factor in fostering our contemporary civilization. political stability. -3- Had the Nobel Prize been established a thousand years That subject is none other However, I am entirely in test minds of the world, the ago, the first recipient of the than the problem of the utiliza- favor of the peaceful utiliza- time required to bring nuclear Prize for Literature might well tion of thermonuclear energy. tion of nuclear energy. That fusion into practical use might have been a Japanese woman. One of the aspects of thermo- is why I wish to express here be considerably shortened, as Also, had Japan take part in nuclear energy is its massive, today three views on the peace- against present predictions that the life of the international and potentially destructive, ful uses of this energy. such a breakthrough may re- community several centuries power. For this reason, this quire another 20 to 30 years. earlier, Japanese recipients of energy source could clearly Int'l Safety Standards the physics, chemistry, biology pose a dire threat to humanity, Japan has reached an ad- and economic science prizes depending on the manner in First of all, we need the vanced stage in science and might well have been numer- which it is used. Another creation of international safety technology. I have no doubt ous. At present, the Japanese aspect which cannot be denied standards. I believe that re- that, should an international recipients of Nobel Prizes, in- is that it is a source of potenti- search and development in the research facility be created, cluding myself, number only ally limitless energy which peaceful use of nuclear energy young and able brains from five. To me, it seems, this of- could well open up new vistas should be carried on under among us will gladly volunteer fers food for thought for the civilization of tomorrow. common worldwide regulations to participate in its work. I say this because Japamese that take environmental prob- lems into account. One of the Three Points history and culture have follow- Difficult Challenges ed very unique paths. It is a basic requirements for this is Today, humanity faces diffi- the establishment of interna- I would like to state the three fact that, because of our long cult challenges in such problems tionally unified safety stan- points I have referred to as the isolation from other nations, we as population, food, natural re- Three Principles for the Peace- suffer from social awkwardness dards. I hope to see early pro- sources, energy. and the en- gress in the establishment of ful Uses of Nuclear Energy." and we as a people have been vironment. such standards by the Interna- For a considerable time now, unable to contribute actively to These are grave problems warnings have been given of world civilization in a measure tional Atomic Energy Agency, which could destroy. peace. in which is contributing effective- an approaching fossil fuel- commensurate with our poten- this world, should we make ly towards the promotion of energy resources crisis In spite tial. We should, I think, reflect mistaken choices in our efforts of these warnings, only in- deeply on the unfortunate in- the peaceful uses of atomic to find solutions. The discord adequate progress has been adequacy of our efforts to in- energy. among the advanced industri- made in the peaceful uses of fluence, CT, rather, to commu- alized countries, the countries Next, an international agree- atomic>>energy. One of the re- nicate with, the peoples of the possessing natural resources ment on the exchange and al- asons for this has been attri- world. Especially in recent and the developing countries is location of nuclear fuel will buted to narrow-minded na- times, in our haste to absorb growing greater. Unless this have to be concluded. In views tionalism. It is true that na- Western civilization and cul- difficulty is overcome by the of the trend towards a world- tionalism has played a role as ture, we have been somewhat promotion of new sources of wide shortage of energy re- a symbol of the freedom and deficient, I fear, in our efforts energy, especially- the peaceful sources, there is the risk that equality of each of the coun- to let foreign nations know use of nuclear energy,* which at some time in the future an tries which make up the com- about our own civilization and could assure a stable supply of unbridled race for the acquisi- munity of nations. Politically culture. energy throughout the world, tion of nuclear fuel may devel- speaking, the historical role of Japan is basically a difficult we shall come to an impasse. op. Needless to say, such a nationalism has not as yet been nation to understand because However, this peaceful utili- development would be a threat played out in the world. the foundation of our culture zation of atomic energy con- to peace and detrimental to differs so much from those of the well-being of mankind. However, it is clear that, fronts us with problems such when looked at from the point the West and of other Asian as the disposal of waste materi- Therefore, I believe that effec- tive steps should be taken now, of view of enlarging the future countries. Because this was so, als and safety, and one has of mankind. narrow-minded we should have tried to make the impression that its develop- based upon a sound vision for the future. and near-sighted nationalism. ourselves better understood. I ment has come to a standstill. does indeed hamper progress cannot but admit that at a time Such a standstill, however, is In the light. of the above, it in the peaceful utilization of when international understand- an unavoidable stage we must would be most desirable to see atomic energy. It certainly does ing was required, our efforts to accept until technological in- the establishment of a system not promote its progress. All promote such understanding novation achieves major where, under the terms of an peoples should be united in were inadequate, breakthrough. agreement to be concluded for positive efforts to make peace When I think of the geniuses I am convinced that so long the exchange and allocation of a reality and to strengthen the and great men of our country as We maintain an unshakable nuclear fuel, such fuels would foundations on which that who failed to obtain interna- confidence in the progress of be placed under the control of peace rests so as to secure for tional recognition, I feel all the science and technology, and an international agency, which all humanity progress and a more fortunate to have been provided the world's most would see to it that countries better life. accorded this precious prize. At brilliant minds are united in needing fuel would be assured I feel extremely fortunate to the same time, I feel deeply their efforts, humanity is capa- of a stable supply. However, have been awarded the Nobel the need to increase our own ble of building a new civiliza- an immediate issue upon which Peace Prize at this point in efforts to promote better inter- tion of untold possibilities for the development of the peace- time, as a result of the deci- national understanding. the future. However, research ful use of atomic energy hinges sion of the distinguished mem- and development in nuclear is an international agreement I intend to make this award bers of the Peace Committee. I fusion-which is considered to providing for, at the very least, culturally meaningful. I, there- am deeply moved, because this be the cleanest source of nuc- mutual accommodation with fore, plan to use the prize I means that my sustained efforts lear energy-will face grave regard to nuclear fuel needs. received to further the links for peace over the years have problems when reaching the between our country and the Lastly. there is the problem received international recogni- stage of practical use, unless an rest of the world. of international cooperation in tion. However, when I look international system and organ- ization for research and coope- research and development work back on Japan's history, I am The intention of Alfred Nobel on nuclear fusion. The rapid inclined to think that there in instituting the Nobel Prizes ration is established. development of a system for the were people in my country be- in his will was undoubtedly to Several years ago, I set down effective use of thermo-nuclear fore me who worked for peace, promote peaceful relations the three non-nuclear principles energy seems to be beyond the whose achievements far exceed- among nations. I should like. to which gave concrete expres- capacity of a single nation, no ed my-own, and who might have stress that for my part, fol- sion to determination of the matter how great its resources been worthier than I to receive lowing in Alfred Nobel's steps, Japanese people to achieve may be. I suppose that if we the Peace Prize. I shall devote myself to in- peace. As I said before, this could bring together the grea- I am thinking not only of creasing still more my people's was because the entire nation contributions to peace in the capacity to contribute to the is against the use of thermo- well-being of the international narrow sense of the term. I nuclear* energy as a means of community, and to obtaining killing their fellow men. am convinced that our people, GERALO by dint of their ability and the world's understanding for such efforts. efforts, are intrinsically capa- ble of making a great contribu- Thank you. tion to world, civilization. ALL, 2 avo' LISAAR 00 0 C Approved in S by LPBremer. 12/10/74 COMPLETE DISTRIBUTION CONFIDENTIAL/ NODIS 7424231 MADE IN S.S-I. Date 12-10-74 MEMORANDUM OF CONVERSATION Initial E.K. Time: 4:30 PM, November 19, 1974 Place: Guest House, Tokyo Participants: Eisaku Sato - Former Prime Minister Kei Wakaizumi Secretary Kissinger James J. Wickel (Interpreter) Subject: Prime Minister Sato Call on Secretary Kissinger Distribution: S; S/S; WH (General Scowcroft) Sato: Thank you for taking the time to see me. Secretary: It's always a pleasure to meet you Mr. Prime Minister; I have a deep admiration for you as an old friend. Sato: President Ford's visit to Japan is indeed an historic occasion, welcomed warmly by the Japanese people. Congratulations. Secretary: May I congratulate you on being awarded the Nobel Prize. Sato: Thank you. Now we each have one. Do you plan to give your address soon? Secretary: Perhaps next summer, but it is so hard to find time to draft remarks. Will you deliver your acceptance speech soon? Sato: Yes, I'm busy drafting my speech now. I expect to leave for Oslo about December 6. However, I wish to exclude any comments which might not coincide with the United States fundamental policy for peace Secretary: It's highly unlikely there would be any variance, considering how closely you have always cooperated with us. CONFIDENTIAL NODIS DECLASSIFIED State Dept. Guidelines state Review 9/16/03 E.O. 12958, Sec. 3.5 GERACO Dy labs , NARA, Date 3/6/121 CONE IDENTIAL) NODIS 2 Sato: Simply speaking, in my youth I found it shocking that nations used poison gas and dumdum bullets in warfare, and therefore was deeply impressed by international agreements to abolish their use. Secretary: Now the only people who use dumdums are the police. Sato: In one sense, perhaps, The Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty resembles those agreements. They also remind me of the present approach to the limitations on strategic nuclear weapons, which have now taken firm root. Japan has no right to do so, of course, but if at all possible I am thinking of proposing in my Nobel Prize speech that the five nuclear powers meet to discuss an agreement to discuss the use of nuclear weapons, and renounce first use. Secretary: Frankly speaking, the United States would be the only nation which refuses to take part in such a conference. We have had to refuse similar Soviet proposals in the past; the Chinese have made public similar proposals. Of the five nuclear powers, the British and French combined don't have as many nuclear weapons as we have on one of our most modern submarines. They do not have to promise publicly to refrain from the use of nuclear weapons; sheer sanity would require it. The reason we could not agree to such a proposal is that the Soviet Union enjoys a disproportionately great advantage in manpower over the nations of Europe, as does China over its neighbors, with the result that without nuclear weapons, the Soviet Union could overrun Europe with conventional forces; China could do the same to its neighbors. If we were to renounce the first use of nuclear weapons, there would be a great danger for Japan. Instead, our policy is to continue to maintain stability while negotiating balanced reductions of strategic forces. There are, for example, 460,000 Soviet troops in Europe, compared to 200,000 American troups, with 20,000 modern tanks deployed between the Urals and the Elbe River. The Soviet Union also has 1 million troops in Siberia, and 16,000 tanks. We talk to the Soviet Union about detente, but we are under no illusion that the Soviet Union maintains these weapons for the purpose of being nice to US. Since the initial SALT agreement, we have moved forward positively to negotiate additional agreements; in any further SALT agreement, we are seeking to limit strategic force deployments and reduce them to increase stability and open the door to an end to the arms race. However, anything else you might say in your speech to the effect of bringing nuclear arms under control would be very helpful. Before you leave, however, could you explain to me the Japanese political situation. FORD & CONFIDENTIAL/ NODIS