Ask the Scholar
Document scope · 1 page
Scholar
Ask about this object, its catalog metadata, its source description, or the page inventory.
For page-specific OCR and visual context, open one of the page chats.
Scholar Source Context
Document identity
localId
75600727
label
MCA (Millennium Challenge Account) [2]
core
doc
dtoType
document
citationUrl
pageCount
1
Source metadata
id
75600727
sourceUrl
contentType
document
title
MCA (Millennium Challenge Account) [2]
citationUrl
collections
Records of the Council of Economic Advisers (George W. Bush Administration)
Catherine Downard's Subject Files
largeImageUrl
imageCount
1
hasImages
yes
source
import
hasTranscription
no
Source extras
naId
75600727
levelOfDescription
fileUnit
otherTitles
t010-037-mca-2-20150220f
recordType
description
ocrSource
nara-archive
Single page context
seq
1
pageIndex
0
type
document
mediaId
4efa415fc2a4acd5
ocrText
Withdrawn/Redacted Material
The George W. Bush Library
DOCUMENT FORM
SUBJECT/TITLE
PAGES
DATE
RESTRICTION(S)
NO.
001
Handwritten Note MCA Task Force Meeting
1
04/18/2003
P5;
002
Handwritten Note
MCA Steering Group
2
04/28/2003
P5;
003
Handwritten Note MCA Jump Start
1
05/06/2003
P5;
004
Handwritten Note
MCA Steering Group
3
05/09/2003
P5;
005
Outline
MCA Steering Group Meeting
1
05/09/2003
P5;
006
List
Potential Local Partners
1
nd
P5; PI lbl
MAC 11/16/2017
007
Briefing
Potential MCA Jumpstart Project [2 copies]
2
nd
P5; p1/bl
MAC 11/16/3017
COLLECTION TITLE:
Council of Economic Advisers
SERIES:
Downard, Catherine - Subject Files
FOLDER TITLE:
MCA (Millennium Challenge Account) [2]
FRC ID:
6174
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - |44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office |(a)(2) of the PRAJ
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information |(a)(4) of the PRA
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA|
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy |(a)(6) of the PRAJ
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes |(b)(7) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
2201(3).
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
Deed of Gift Restrictions
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
A. Closed by Executive Order 13526 governing access to national
Records Not Subject to FOIA
security information.
B. Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the document.
Court Sealed - The document is withheld under a court seal and is not subject to
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
the Freedom of Information Act.
of gift.
2015-0220-F
Page 1 of 3
This document was prepared on Tuesday, December 08, 2015
Withdrawn/Redacted Material
The George W. Bush Library
DOCUMENT
FORM
SUBJECT/TITLE
PAGES
DATE
RESTRICTION(S)
NO.
008
Minutes
Record of Decisions
1
nd
P5;
009
Outline
Proposal for MCA Workshop
1
05/09/2003
P5;
010
Agenda
Draft Agenda [with attachment]
2
05/09/2003
P5;
011
Draft
A Push to Prosperity: The Millennium Challenge Account
6
05/09/2003
P5;
012
Agenda
MCA Steering Group
1
05/20/2003
P5;
013
Minutes
Record of Decisions
2
nd
P5;
014
Handwritten Note
MCA Legislative Strategy
1
04/02/2003
P5;
COLLECTION TITLE:
Council of Economic Advisers
SERIES:
Downard, Catherine - Subject Files
FOLDER TITLE:
MCA (Millennium Challenge Account) [2]
FRC ID:
6174
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - 15 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRAJ
b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy |(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
2201(3).
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
Deed of Gift Restrictions
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
A. Closed by Executive Order 13526 governing access to national
Records Not Subject to FOIA
security information.
B. Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the document.
Court Sealed - The document is withheld under a court seal and is not subject to
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
the Freedom of Information Act.
of gift.
2015-0220-F
Page 2 of 3
This document was prepared on Tuesday, December 08, 2015
Withdrawn/Redacted Material
The George W. Bush Library
DOCUMENT FORM
SUBJECT/TITLE
PAGES
DATE
RESTRICTION(S)
NO.
015
Memorandum
MCA Pilot Project Initiative
3
04/03/2003
P5;pl/bl
MAC 11/16/2017
016
Memorandum
MCA Pilot Project Initiative
3
04/02/2003
P5; Pl/bl
MAC 11/16/2017
017
Speech
The Millennium Challenge Account: Taking Governance
46
07/12/2002
P5;
and Growth Seriously [with attachments] - From: R.
Glenn Hubbard
COLLECTION TITLE:
Council of Economic Advisers
SERIES:
Downard, Catherine Subject Files
FOLDER TITLE:
MCA (Millennium Challenge Account) [2]
FRC ID:
6174
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act- [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act- [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P1 National Security Classified Information |(a)(1) of the PRA]
b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information |(a)(4) of the PRA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors |a)(5) of the PRA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
2201(3).
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
Deed of Gift Restrictions
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
A. Closed by Executive Order 13526 governing access to national
Records Not Subject to FOIA
security information.
B. Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the document.
Court Sealed The document is withheld under a court seal and is not subject to
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
the Freedom of Information Act.
of gift.
2015-0220-F
Page 3 of 3
This document was prepared on Tuesday, December 08, 2015
Withdrawal Marker
The George W. Bush Library
FORM
SUBJECT/TITLE
PAGES
DATE
RESTRICTION(S)
Handwritten Note MCA Task Force Meeting
1
04/18/2003
P5;
This marker identifies the original location of the withdrawn item listed above.
For a complete list of items withdrawn from this folder, see the
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet at the front of the folder.
COLLECTION:
Council of Economic Advisers
SERIES:
Downard, Catherine - Subject Files
FOLDER TITLE:
MCA (Millennium Challenge Account) [2]
FRC ID:
FOIA IDs and Segments:
6174
2015-0220-F
OA Num.:
7603
NARA Num.:
7502
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - |44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - 15 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
2201(3).
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
Deed of Gift Restrictions
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
A. Closed by Executive Order 13526 governing access to national
Records Not Subject to FOIA
security information.
B. Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the document.
Court Sealed - The document is withheld under a court seal and is not subject to
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
the Freedom of Information Act.
of gift.
This Document was withdrawn on 12/8/2015 by blc
Withdrawal Marker
The George W. Bush Library
FORM
SUBJECT/TITLE
PAGES
DATE
RESTRICTION(S)
Handwritten Note MCA Steering Group
2
04/28/2003
P5;
This marker identifies the original location of the withdrawn item listed above.
For a complete list of items withdrawn from this folder, see the
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet at the front of the folder.
COLLECTION:
Council of Economic Advisers
SERIES:
Downard, Catherine - Subject Files
FOLDER TITLE:
MCA (Millennium Challenge Account) [2]
FRC ID:
FOIA IDs and Segments:
6174
2015-0220-F
OA Num.:
7603
NARA Num.:
7502
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - |44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
PI National Security Classified Information |(a)(1) of the PRA]
b(1) National security classified information |(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRAJ
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute |(a)(3) of the PRA]
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRAJ
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
2201(3).
financial institutions {(b)(8) of the FOIA]
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
Deed of Gift Restrictions
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
A. Closed by Executive Order 13526 governing access to national
Records Not Subject to FOIA
security information.
B. Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the document.
Court Sealed - The document is withheld under a court seal and is not subject to
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
-the Freedom of Information Act.
of gift.
This Document was withdrawn on 12/8/2015 by blc
Withdrawal Marker
The George W. Bush Library
FORM
SUBJECT/TITLE
PAGES
DATE
RESTRICTION(S)
Handwritten Note MCA Jump Start
1
05/06/2003
P5;
This marker identifies the original location of the withdrawn item listed above.
For a complete list of items withdrawn from this folder, see the
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet at the front of the folder.
COLLECTION:
Council of Economic Advisers
SERIES:
Downard, Catherine - Subject Files
FOLDER TITLE:
MCA (Millennium Challenge Account) [2]
FRC ID:
FOIA IDs and Segments:
6174
2015-0220-F
OA Num.:
7603
NARA Num.:
7502
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records
Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRAJ
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
2201(3).
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
Deed of Gift Restrictions
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
A. Closed by Executive Order 13526 governing access to national
Records Not Subject to FOIA
security information.
B. Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the document.
Court Sealed - The document is withheld under a court seal and is not subject to
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
the Freedom of Information Act.
of gift.
This Document was withdrawn on 12/8/2015 by blc
Withdrawal Marker
The George W. Bush Library
FORM
SUBJECT/TITLE
PAGES
DATE
RESTRICTION(S)
Handwritten Note
MCA Steering Group
3
05/09/2003
P5;
This marker identifies the original location of the withdrawn item listed above.
For a complete list of items withdrawn from this folder, see the
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet at the front of the folder.
COLLECTION:
Council of Economic Advisers
SERIES:
Downard, Catherine - Subject Files
FOLDER TITLE:
MCA (Millennium Challenge Account) [2]
FRC ID:
FOIA IDs and Segments:
6174
2015-0220-F
OA Num.:
7603
NARA Num.:
7502
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - |44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)|
P1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA|
b(1) National security classified information |(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office |(a)(2) of the PRA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA|
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President
information |(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy |(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
2201(3).
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
Deed of Gift Restrictions
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
A. Closed by Executive Order 13526 governing access to national
Records Not Subject to FOIA
security information.
B. Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the document.
Court Sealed - The document is withheld under a court seal and is not subject to
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
the Freedom of Information Act.
of gift.
This Document was withdrawn on 12/8/2015 by blc
Withdrawal Marker
The George W. Bush Library
FORM
SUBJECT/TITLE
PAGES
DATE
RESTRICTION(S)
Outline
MCA Steering Group Meeting
1
05/09/2003
P5;
This marker identifies the original location of the withdrawn item listed above.
For a complete list of items withdrawn from this folder, see the
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet at the front of the folder.
COLLECTION:
Council of Economic Advisers
SERIES:
Downard, Catherine - Subject Files
FOLDER TITLE:
MCA (Millennium Challenge Account) [2]
FRC ID:
FOIA IDs and Segments:
6174
2015-0220-F
OA Num.:
7603
NARA Num.:
7502
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act |44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - 15 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
b(I) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute |(a)(3) of the PRA]
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute |(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information |(a)(4) of the PRA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
2201(3).
financial institutions |(b)(8) of the FOIA]
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
Deed of Gift Restrictions
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
A. Closed by Executive Order 13526 governing access to national
Records Not Subject to FOIA
security information.
B. Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the document.
Court Sealed - The document is withheld under a court seal and is not subject to
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
the Freedom of Information Act.
of gift.
This Document was withdrawn on 12/8/2015 by blc
Withdrawal Marker
The George W. Bush Library
FORM
SUBJECT/TITLE
PAGES
DATE
RESTRICTION(S)
List
Potential Local Partners
1
nd
P5; pl/bl
MAC 11/16/2017
This marker identifies the original location of the withdrawn item listed above.
For a complete list of items withdrawn from this folder, see the
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet at the front of the folder.
COLLECTION:
Council of Economic Advisers
SERIES:
Downard, Catherine - Subject Files
FOLDER TITLE:
MCA (Millennium Challenge Account) [2]
FRC ID:
FOIA IDs and Segments:
6174
2015-0220-F
OA Num.:
7603
NARA Num.:
7502
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy |(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
2201(3).
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
Deed of Gift Restrictions
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
A. Closed by Executive Order 13526 governing access to national
Records Not Subject to FOIA
security information.
B. Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the document.
Court Sealed - The document is withheld under a court seal and is not subject to
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
the Freedom of Information Act.
of gift.
This Document was withdrawn on 12/8/2015 by blc
Withdrawal Marker
The George W. Bush Library
FORM
SUBJECT/TITLE
PAGES
DATE
RESTRICTION(S)
Briefing
Potential MCA Jumpstart Project [2 copies]
2
nd
P5; pl/bl
MAC 11/16/2017
This marker identifies the original location of the withdrawn item listed above.
For a complete list of items withdrawn from this folder, see the
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet at the front of the folder.
COLLECTION:
Council of Economic Advisers
SERIES:
Downard, Catherine - Subject Files
FOLDER TITLE:
MCA (Millennium Challenge Account) [2]
FRC ID:
FOIA IDs and Segments:
6174
2015-0220-F
OA Num.:
7603
NARA Num.:
7502
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRAJ
b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy |(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
2201(3).
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
Deed of Gift Restrictions
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
A. Closed by Executive Order 13526 governing access to national
Records Not Subject to FOIA
security information.
B. Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the document.
Court Sealed - The document is withheld under a court seal and is not subject to
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
the Freedom of Information Act.
of gift.
This Document was withdrawn on 12/8/2015 by blc
MCA Steering Group
May 9, 2003, 1400-1530
Main State, Ops Center Conference Room 7516
Agenda
I.
Legislative Strategy
Status of Legislation and Issues (WHLA)
Next Steps (Hill Contact, White House events)
(WHLA, State, Treasury, AID).
Non-paper on workshops
II. Outreach
Op-ed status and next steps
Academic/think tank event (CEA) Matt Lowe (newshter)
Website, newsletter (State, AID) Dick Matand
Mobilizing NGOs and Business (State, White House)
III. Standing Up an MCA Task Force (State/Treas)
Staff
Tasks/Timeline
IV. Jump-Start/Pilots (NSC)
Options, budget and timeline
Results of MCA Steering Group - April 28, 2003
PARTICIPANTS:
Chair:
Al Larson
State:
Janice Bay
Michael Polt
Treasury:
John Taylor
Clay Lowery
NSC:
Bill Frej
Bobby Pittman
OMB:
Rodney Bent
CEA:
Stephen Blomberg
AID:
Ed Fox
WHLA:
Eric Pelletier
And other staff.
Next MCA Steering Group to be announced.
Withdrawal Marker
The George W. Bush Library
FORM
SUBJECT/TITLE
PAGES
DATE
RESTRICTION(S)
Minutes
Record of Decisions
1
nd
P5;
This marker identifies the original location of the withdrawn item listed above.
For a complete list of items withdrawn from this folder, see the
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet at the front of the folder.
COLLECTION:
Council of Economic Advisers
SERIES:
Downard, Catherine - Subject Files
FOLDER TITLE:
MCA (Millennium Challenge Account) [2]
FRC ID:
FOIA IDs and Segments:
6174
2015-0220-F
OA Num.:
7603
NARA Num.:
7502
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - 15 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P1 National Security Classified Information |(a)(I) of the PRA]
b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes |(b)(7) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
2201(3).
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
Deed of Gift Restrictions
concerning wells |(b)(9) of the FOIA]
A. Closed by Executive Order 13526 governing access to national
Records Not Subject to FOIA
security information.
B. Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the document.
Court Sealed - The document is withheld under a court seal and is not subject to
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
the Freedom of Information Act.
of gift.
This Document was withdrawn on 12/8/2015 by blc
Withdrawal Marker
The George W. Bush Library
FORM
SUBJECT/TITLE
PAGES
DATE
RESTRICTION(S)
Outline
Proposal for MCA Workshop
1
05/09/2003
P5;
This marker identifies the original location of the withdrawn item listed above.
For a complete list of items withdrawn from this folder, see the
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet at the front of the folder.
COLLECTION:
Council of Economic Advisers
SERIES:
Downard, Catherine - Subject Files
FOLDER TITLE:
MCA (Millennium Challenge Account) [2]
FRC ID:
FOIA IDs and Segments:
6174
2015-0220-F
OA Num.:
7603
NARA Num.:
7502
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office |(a)(2) of the PRA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRAJ
an agency 1(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors |a)(5) of the PRA|
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy |(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
2201(3).
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
Deed of Gift Restrictions
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
A. Closed by Executive Order 13526 governing access to national,
Records Not Subject to FOIA
security information.
B. Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the document.
Court Sealed - The document is withheld under a court seal and is not subject to
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
the Freedom of Information Act.
of gift.
This Document was withdrawn on 12/8/2015 by blc
Withdrawal Marker
The George W. Bush Library
FORM
SUBJECT/TITLE
PAGES
DATE
RESTRICTION(S)
Agenda
Draft Agenda [with attachment]
2
05/09/2003
P5;
This marker identifies the original location of the withdrawn item listed above.
For a complete list of items withdrawn from this folder, see the
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet at the front of the folder.
COLLECTION:
Council of Economic Advisers
SERIES:
Downard, Catherine - Subject Files
FOLDER TITLE:
MCA (Millennium Challenge Account) [2]
FRC ID:
FOIA IDs and Segments:
6174
2015-0220-F
OA Num.:
7603
NARA Num.:
7502
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P1 National Security Classified Information |(a)(1) of the PRA]
b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy |(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
2201(3).
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
Deed of Gift Restrictions
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
A. Closed by Executive Order 13526 governing access to national
Records Not Subject to FOIA
security information.
B. Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the document.
Court Sealed - The document is withheld under a court seal and is not subject to
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
the Freedom of Information Act.
of gift.
This Document was withdrawn on 12/8/2015 by blc
Withdrawal Marker
The George W. Bush Library
FORM
SUBJECT/TITLE
PAGES
DATE
RESTRICTION(S)
Draft
A Push to Prosperity: The Millennium Challenge Account
6
05/09/2003
P5;
This marker identifies the original location of the withdrawn item listed above.
For a complete list of items withdrawn from this folder, see the
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet at the front of the folder.
COLLECTION:
Council of Economic Advisers
SERIES:
Downard, Catherine - Subject Files
FOLDER TITLE:
MCA (Millennium Challenge Account) [2]
FRC ID:
FOIA IDs and Segments:
6174
2015-0220-F
OA Num.:
7603
NARA Num.:
7502
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - 15 U.S.C. 552(b)].
PI National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President
information |(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRAJ
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes |(b)(7) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
2201(3).
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
Deed of Gift Restrictions
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
A. Closed by Executive Order 13526 governing access to national
Records Not Subject to FOIA
security information.
B. Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the document.
Court Sealed - The document is withheld under a court seal and is not subject to
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
the Freedom of Information Act.
of gift.
This Document was withdrawn on 12/8/2015 by blc
Withdrawal Marker
The George W. Bush Library
FORM
SUBJECT/TITLE
PAGES
DATE
RESTRICTION(S)
Agenda
MCA Steering Group
1
05/20/2003
P5;
This marker identifies the original location of the withdrawn item listed above.
For a complete list of items withdrawn from this folder, see the
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet at the front of the folder.
COLLECTION:
Council of Economic Advisers
SERIES:
Downard, Catherine - Subject Files
FOLDER TITLE:
MCA (Millennium Challenge Account) [2]
FRC ID:
FOIA IDs and Segments:
6174
2015-0220-F
OA Num.:
7603
NARA Num.:
7502
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - |44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P1 National Security Classified Information |(a)(1) of the PRA]
b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
an agency |(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy |(a)(6) of the PRAJ
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
2201(3).
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
Deed of Gift Restrictions
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
A. Closed by Executive Order 13526 governing access to national
Records Not Subject to FOIA
security information.
B. Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the document.
Court Sealed - The document is withheld under a court seal and is not subject to
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
the Freedom of Information Act.
of gift.
This Document was withdrawn on 12/8/2015 by blc
Results of MCA Steering Group - May 9, 2003
PARTICIPANTS:
Chair:
Al Larson
State:
E. Anthony Wayne
Janice Bay
Michael Polt
Treasury:
John Taylor
AID:
Patrick Cronin
John Simon
NSC:
Bill Frej
Jendayi Fraser
OMB:
Michael Casella
CEA:
Stephen Blomberg
WHLA:
Eric Pelletier
And other staff.
Next MCA Steering Group to be announced.
Withdrawal Marker
The George W. Bush Library
FORM
SUBJECT/TITLE
PAGES
DATE
RESTRICTION(S)
Minutes
Record of Decisions
2
nd
P5;
This marker identifies the original location of the withdrawn item listed above.
For a complete list of items withdrawn from this folder, see the
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet at the front of the folder.
COLLECTION:
Council of Economic Advisers
SERIES:
Downard, Catherine - Subject Files
FOLDER TITLE:
MCA (Millennium Challenge Account) [2]
FRC ID:
FOIA IDs and Segments:
6174
2015-0220-F
OA Num.:
7603
NARA Num.:
7502
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President
information |(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
2201(3).
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
Deed of Gift Restrictions
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
A. Closed by Executive Order 13526 governing access to national
Records Not Subject to FOIA
security information.
B. Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the document.
Court Sealed - The document is withheld under a court seal and is not subject to
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
the Freedom of Information Act.
of gift.
This Document was withdrawn on 12/8/2015 by blc
Withdrawal Marker
The George W. Bush Library
FORM
SUBJECT/TITLE
PAGES
DATE
RESTRICTION(S)
Handwritten Note MCA Legislative Strategy
1
04/02/2003
P5;
This marker identifies the original location of the withdrawn item listed above.
For a complete list of items withdrawn from this folder, see the
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet at the front of the folder.
COLLECTION:
Council of Economic Advisers
SERIES:
Downard, Catherine - Subject Files
FOLDER TITLE:
MCA (Millennium Challenge Account) |2]
FRC ID:
FOIA IDs and Segments:
6174
2015-0220-F
OA Num.:
7603
NARA Num.:
7502
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRAJ
b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRAJ
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
2201(3).
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
Deed of Gift Restrictions
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
A. Closed by Executive Order 13526 governing access to national
Records Not Subject to FOIA
security information.
B. Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the document.
Court Sealed - The document is withheld under a court seal and is not subject, to
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
the Freedom of Information Act.
of gift.
This Document was withdrawn on 12/8/2015 by blc
MCA Steering Group
State Department Conference Room 7516
April 3, 2003
3:30pm
Outreach strategy (State)
Agenda and status of April 7 meeting
Strategy going forward
Push to get the MCA bill passed (WH and State Leg.)
Mark-Ups
Identifying and supporting champions
Possible structure of MCC (Treasury)
Jump Start/Pilot projects (NSC)
Withdrawal Marker
The George W. Bush Library
FORM
SUBJECT/TITLE
PAGES
DATE
RESTRICTION(S)
Memorandum
MCA Pilot Project Initiative
3
04/03/2003
P5; Pl/bl
MAC 11/16/2017
This marker identifies the original location of the withdrawn item listed above.
For a complete list of items withdrawn from this folder, see the
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet at the front of the folder.
COLLECTION:
Council of Economic Advisers
SERIES:
Downard, Catherine - Subject Files
FOLDER TITLE:
MCA (Millennium Challenge Account) |2]
FRC ID:
FOIA IDs and Segments:
6174
2015-0220-F
OA Num.:
7603
NARA Num.:
7502
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - |44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRAJ
b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA|
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy |(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
2201(3).
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
Deed of Gift Restrictions
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
A. Closed by Executive Order 13526 governing access to national
Records Not Subject to FOIA
security information.
B. Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the document.
Court Sealed - The document is withheld under a court seal and is not subject to
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
the Freedom of Information Act.
of gift.
This Document was withdrawn on 12/8/2015 by blc
Comments? ?
Qualifying for the MCA - Step 1
Only those countries eligible to borrow
from the IDA with a per capita income
below $1,435 will be considered the first
year (74 countries).
Countries ineligible to receive aid under the
Foreign Assistance Act will also be
ineligible for the MCA.
Qualifying for the MCA - Step 2
Countries are assessed on their performance on 16
indicators in three baskets: ruling justly, investing
in people, and promoting economic freedom.
Qualifying countries must be above the median on
half of the indicators in each basket to "pass".
Indicators are chosen on the basis of public
availability, transparency, broad coverage, and
correlation with growth.
The Indicators - Ruling Justly
1. Civil Liberties (Freedom House)
2. Political Rights (Freedom House)
3. Voice and Accountability (World Bank
Institute)
4. Government Effectiveness (World
Bank Institute)
5. Rule of Law (World Bank Institute)
6. Control of Corruption (World Bank
Institute)
The Indicators — Investing in People
1. Public Primary Education Spending as
Percent of GDP (national sources)
2. Primary Education Completion Rate (World
Bank/national sources)
3. Public Expenditures on Health as Percent of
GDP (national sources)
4. Immunization Rates: DPT and Measles (UN)
The Indicators - Economic Freedom
1. Country Credit Rating (Institutional
Investor Magazine)
2. Inflation (IMF and national sources)
3. 3-Year Budget Deficit (national sources)
4. Trade Policy (Heritage Foundation)
5. Regulatory Quality (World Bank Institute)
6. Days to Start a Business (World Bank)
Performance on Indicators
A recent run of the indicators by Steve Radelet of
the Center for Global Development showed that of
the 74 countries:
- 36 "passed" at least three of six indicators
associated with ruling justly;
- 37 "passed" at least two or four indicators
associated with investing in people; and
- 35 "passed" at least three of six indicators
associated with encouraging economic freedom.
Countries must "pass" all three baskets to qualify.
Qualifying for the MCA - Step 3
Scores across the three baskets are compared.
Ruling
Investing
Justly
in People
35
Economic
Freedom
15 countries "passed" all three baskets.
Qualifying for the MCA — Step 4
A country which does not "pass" the corruption
indicator would be presumed unqualified, unless
closer examination gives the Board confidence it
would be a reliable MCA partner.
Two of the 15 countries that were above the
median on half of the indicators in each of the
baskets were at or below the median on the
corruption indicator.
Thus, 13 countries would have "passed" based on
the indicators portion of the selection process.
Qualifying for the MCA - Step 5
The Board will exercise its due diligence and be
accountable for ensuring that each qualifying
country meets the President's three core criteria.
The Board will review results of the indicators
portion of the selection process in light of material
information, e.g. trends in leadership/corruption.
On that basis, the Board may include a country
that just missed or exclude a country that
"passed".
Board decision-making will be transparent to
Congress and the public.
The Results
Of the 13 countries that would have "passed" based
on the indicators, 6 were from Africa, 3 from Asia, 2
from Latin America, and 2 from Europe.
No country received a perfect score by passing all
indicators. Four countries of the 74 failed to pass any
indicators.
These results are only illustrative. Data continues to
be updated and events can alter the situation quickly.
about
The Board will make final recommendations to the
asket
the
A
688
President, using up to date indicators and information.
ant delares
Process in Succeeding Years
In FY 2005, all countries with income below $1,435
would be considered,likely adding 11 eligible countries
to the competition.
Countries that qualified in the first year would not lose
eligibility simply because of median changes caused by
the expansion of the pool.
In FY 2006 and subsequent years, countries with income
up to $2,975 would be eligible.
Because scores relate to income, countries below $1,435
and those between $1,435 and $2,975 would compete
separately in the indicators and selection process.
Withdrawal Marker
The George W. Bush Library
FORM
SUBJECT/TITLE
PAGES
DATE
RESTRICTION(S)
Memorandum
MCA Pilot Project Initiative
3
04/02/2003
P5; P1/bl
MAC 11/16/2017
This marker identifies the original location of the withdrawn item listed above.
For a complete list of items withdrawn from this folder, see the
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet at the front of the folder.
COLLECTION:
Council of Economic Advisers
SERIES:
Downard, Catherine - Subject Files
FOLDER TITLE:
MCA (Millennium Challenge Account) [2]
FRC ID:
FOIA IDs and Segments:
6174
2015-0220-F
OA Num.:
7603
NARA Num.:
7502
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office |(a)(2) of the PRA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute |(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy |(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes |(b)(7) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
2201(3).
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
Deed of Gift Restrictions
concerning wells |(b)(9) of the FOIA]
A. Closed by Executive Order 13526 governing access to national
Records Not Subject to FOIA
security information.
B. Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the document.
Court Sealed - The document is withheld under a court seal and is not subject to
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
the Freedom of Information Act.
of gift.
This Document was withdrawn on 12/8/2015 by blc
Withdrawal Marker
The George W. Bush Library
FORM
SUBJECT/TITLE
PAGES
DATE
RESTRICTION(S)
Speech
The Millennium Challenge Account: Taking Governance and Growth
46
07/12/2002
P5;
Seriously [with attachments] - From: R. Glenn Hubbard
This marker identifies the original location of the withdrawn item listed above.
For a complete list of items withdrawn from this folder, see the
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet at the front of the folder.
COLLECTION:
Council of Economic Advisers
SERIES:
Downard, Catherine - Subject Files
FOLDER TITLE:
MCA (Millennium Challenge Account) |2|
FRC ID:
FOIA IDs and Segments:
6174
2015-0220-F
OA Num.:
7603
NARA Num.:
7502
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - |44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office |(a)(2) of the PRA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA
an agency |(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information |(a)(4) of the PRA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes |(b)(7) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
2201(3).
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
Deed of Gift Restrictions
concerning wells |(b)(9) of the FOIA]
A. Closed by Executive Order 13526 governing access to national
Records Not Subject to FOIA
security information.
B. Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the document.
Court Sealed - The document is withheld under a court seal and is not subject to
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
the Freedom of Information Act.
of gift.
This Document was withdrawn on 12/8/2015 by blc
Chapter 2: The Economic and Social Consequences of Corruption in
Transition Countries
In recent years, many studies have presented powerful empirical evidence on the
economic and social costs of corruption. 1 They have shown how corruption hinders investment
(both domestic and foreign), reduces growth, restricts trade, distorts the size and composition of
government expenditure, weakens the financial
system, and strengthens the underground
economy. Most importantly, a strong
Typology Charts
connection has been demonstrated between
For the purposes of analysis in the following chapters,
corruption and increasing levels of poverty and
the countries have been divided into four groups on the
income inequality. The experience of the
basis of thresholds of administrative corruption and state
transition countries strongly supports these
capture as in Figure 1.4. This produces a two-by-two
findings. Yet unbundling corruption in
matrix that groups countries on the basis of similarities
transition reveals the extent to which these
in both the level and pattern of corruption. However, it is
important to recognize that the composition of the groups
costs vary as a result of different patterns of
is based on the determination of the dividing lines, which
corruption.
is done here for analytical purposes only. As several
countries lay close to the thresholds, their inclusion into
The costs of state capture and
either group is subject to a greater margin of error. For a
administrative corruption are mutually
graphical depiction of the matrix along with the margins
reinforcing and are themselves influenced by a
of error, see Annex 1.
range of other factors. The fiscal distortions
caused by corruption, for example, erode the
quality of government services, with
Charts such as the one below will be used throughout
particularly serious consequences for the poor.
this report. These charts show the averages of the
The negative effects of corruption on
relevant variable for the countries in each group of the
investment and growth similarly exacerbate
two-by-two matrix. The charts illustrate associations
between the relevant variable, administrative corruption
poverty and erode the tax base, further
and state capture, rather than causation. These
undermining the quality of public services.
associations do not take into account the potential
Though this chapter will examine the
explanatory significance of other variables that might
consequences of corruption in a range of
influence the associations.
independent areas- growth and investment,
poverty and inequality, fiscal stability, public
service provision, and government
credibility-the mutually reinforcing nature of
3
these costs and the complex lines of causation
should always be kept in mind.
2
1
Investment and Growth
0
high
high
It is well established that investment is
administrative
state capture
medium
medium
corruption
significantly affected by the level of
uncertainty in the business environment. By
increasing uncertainty, corruption raises the
effective cost of investment for the firm and
19
consequently reduces investment levels. 2 In transition countries having high levels of both
administrative corruption and state capture, gross domestic investment averages more than 20
3
percent less than in countries in the medium/medium category of our typology.
The negative effects of corruption are particularly clear from the firm-level performance
data. The average annual sales growth over the past three years was 17 percent for firms
reporting moderate levels of administrative corruption, declining to 10 percent for firms
reporting higher levels. The differential for investment growth is equally stark: 17 percent versus
9 percent, respectively. The differences hold regardless of firm size, origins, and line of business.
It is difficult to establish the direction of causality in this relationship. Weak firms might be more
inclined to rely on administrative corruption as a survival mechanism. Alternatively,
administrative corruption could directly weaken firm performance, raising questions as to
whether such bribery yields any selective benefits for the firm.
The effects of state capture on firm performance show a marked contrast. Where state
capture is reported to be prevalent, firms that pay bribes to influence the content of laws, decrees,
and regulations show significant increases in sales growth. 4 In such environments, firms
engaging in capture grew by over 30 percent in the past three years, compared to a growth rate of
only 8 percent among other firms. Yet in countries where state capture is limited, engaging in
capture does not appear to bring any specific gains to the firm in terms of sales growth. Though
capture would appear to create an uneven playing field in certain contexts concentrating gains to
powerful firms, high levels of state capture are nevertheless associated with lower firm growth
rates overall-sales growth in low-capture countries averages 21 percent, compared to only 11
percent in high capture countries. The gains to capture for particular firms appear to be
associated with negative consequences for less influential firms. 5 Again, the issue of the
direction of causality could be raised-capture could directly improve firm performance or
stronger firms could be more likely to engage in capture. 6
Though a small group of firms appears to
receive gains from capture in certain contexts, the
Figure 2.1. Corruption and Output Decline
social costs of capture are substantial. State capture
represents a transfer of wealth among politicians,
60
firms, and the state via distortions in the underlying
competitive and institutional framework. Figure 2.1
40
Percentage
shows that countries with high levels of state capture
decline in
output from
and administrative corruption had the largest output
1989 to
20
1998
decline in the period 1989-98. 7 Though the direction of
causation is ambiguous, a strong case can be made that
corruption contributed to the output decline, given its
high
high
administrative
effects on investment and growth, the weakening of
medium
medium
state capture
corruption
tax revenues, the misappropriation of credits and
Data Source: BEEPS and EBRD
subsidies, and the erosion of public sector services.
20
Poverty
For so many individuals and families, the most immediate and visible consequence of the
transition has been a decline in their living standards. Even among the more advanced reformers,
poverty levels have expanded over the past decade at an alarming rate, as demonstrated in the
Prague 2000 report Making the Transition Work for Everyone. The expansion of poverty was
initiated by the collapse of GDP, which fell by 50 percent in the CIS countries and 15 percent in
CEE. Yet even with recovery, poverty rates have remained high as incomes of the poor have
failed to recover and inadequate social safety nets have left the most vulnerable groups
unprotected.
Figure 2.2 demonstrates that poverty is
Figure 2.2. Corruption and Poverty
highly correlated with administrative corruption. 9
25
Surely, poverty can contribute to corruption as
poor countries have fewer resources to implement
20
and maintain the monitoring and oversight
Percent of
15
necessary to contain the problem. 10 Yet corruption
population living
on less than
10
$2.15 per day
also exacerbates poverty. As demonstrated above,
5
corruption is empirically associated with lower
economic growth rates, weakening the main factor
high
high
administrative
medium
that can pull people out of poverty. Moreover,
state capture
medium
corruption
corruption has a direct impact on the living
Data Source: BEEPS and World Bank
conditions of the poor. 11
Corruption and service delivery: When corruption misdirects the assignment of
unemployment or disability benefits, delays eligibility for pensions, weakens the provision of
basic public services, it is usually the poor who suffer most. Such corruption undermines the
social safety net and may deter the poor from seeking basic entitlements and other public
services.
Bribery at the household level: The extent to which households engage in bribery is
strongly correlated with both administrative corruption and state capture as demonstrated by a
UNICRI cross-country survey of more than 25,000 households in 20 transition countries. 12 For
example, in a country like Georgia, with high levels of both state capture and administrative
corruption, nearly 30 percent of households said they paid a bribe in the previous year, in marked
contrast to Slovenia where only 1.5 percent of households reported bribe payments. Though
corruption at the household level affects people at all income levels, the poor again appear to be
most seriously affected. Detailed household surveys show that the poor are the least likely to
know how to get proper treatment when an official abuses his position. In Latvia, for example,
only 31 percent of households in the poorest third of the population knew how to seek recourse
to deal with corrupt service provision, compared to 42 percent among the richest third of the
population. 13
Effect on small and micro enterprises: Within the economy, corruption is a highly
regressive tax as the BEEPS data demonstrate. Small enterprises across the region pay, on
average, more than twice as much of their annual revenue in bribes as do large firms. Such firms
are particularly hard hit by administrative corruption. Microentrepreneurs appear to be prime
21
targets for corruption. Household surveys in several transition countries demonstrate that bribery
at the household level is most strongly associated with participation in a microenterprise. In
Georgia, for example, poor households that earn unofficial income were four times more likely
to pay bribes than households without unofficial income. Corruption clearly hinders the ability of
the poor to help themselves out of poverty.
Inequality
As examined in the Prague 2000 report Making the Transition Work for Everyone,
inequality within the transition countries has increased at an alarming pace. In some countries of
the region inequality has now reached levels on par with the most unequal Latin American
countries. Though numerous factors contribute to the growth in inequality, corruption should
also be seen as a contributing factor. As the data on firm performance demonstrated, state
capture concentrates substantial gains to a narrow group of firms in a position to encode their
advantages in the basic legislative, legal, and regulatory frameworks that govern the economy.
By capturing the state, the "early winners" of transition gained fabulous wealth taking advantage
of arbitrage opportunities associated with partial reforms and laying claim to state assets at
highly undervalued prices. Privatization, in
particular, became a key focus for state capture
Figure 2.3. Corruption and Income
in some transition countries as some firms and
Inequality
political structures used illegitimate forms of
0.5
influence to concentrate productive assets in their
hands. 14 In contrast, the poor gained little, if at
0.4
Average Gini
all, from the redistribution of what were once
coefficient
"social" assets. While the interaction between
0.3
corruption and income inequality is certainly
0.2
complex, the ultimate result has been clear:
high
high
income inequality has expanded most in
administrative
medium
medium
state capture
corruption
countries with high levels of corruption and
15
Data Source: BEEPS and World Bank
capture, as demonstrated in Figure 2.3.
Fiscal Implications
While increasing private revenues to public officials, corruption tends to have a negative
impact on public revenues. This impact operates through a number of channels. First, as the
surveys demonstrate, a substantial share of administrative corruption is directed towards tax and
customs officials, presumably resulting in lower tax
and customs payments by firms. 16 In the BEEPS
Figure 2.4. The Unofficial Economy
survey, one in nine firms said they frequently make
50
unofficial payments to tax inspectors or customs
40
officials, while half of the firms did so at least
Estimated
30
occasionally. 17 Such corruption represents a
share of GDP
in the unofficial
20
substantial indirect private transfer in many countries
economy in
1995
10
from the budget to public officials.
high
high
Second, as is clear in Figure 2.4, 18 corruption is
administrative
state capture
medium
medium
corruption
closely associated with the unofficial economy, the
Data Source: BEEPS and Johnson, Kaufmann, and Shleifer (1997)
22
size of which can have profound fiscal implications in many transition countries. 19 When firms
produce for the unofficial economy, they underreport economic activity or avoid the state
entirely. This creates competitive advantages that can drive honest competitors from the market,
thereby generating further corruption and fiscal shrinkage. 20 The reduction of tax revenues
reduces the funds available for public services, providing firms with fewer incentives to operate
officially. Once underground, such firms pay bribes to avoid detection and punishment. The
fiscal implications in some countries have been staggering. In Ukraine, the government recently
offered an amnesty for an estimated US$20 billion in "gray capital" kept offshore. 21
Third, corruption in procurement, assignment of subsidies, and outright theft leads to an
exaggerated flow of funds out of the public coffers. Corruption in procurement, for example,
leads to waste of public resources for often inferior quality products and services, and ultimately
may deter honest vendors from doing business with the state. In a survey in Georgia, the need to
make unofficial payments was the most cited reason that firms said they do not participate in
state tenders. 22
The fiscal weaknesses exacerbated by
Figure 2.5. Quality of Macroeconomic
Governance
administrative corruption and state capture contribute
to weak macroeconomic performance. As Figure 2.5
3.0
shows, transition countries with the lowest levels of
administrative corruption and state capture have the
2.6
most effective institutions for macroeconomic
2.2
governance. 23 Though macroeconomic instability
certainly creates a fertile ground for corruption, the
1.8
fiscal implications described above suggest that
1.4
corruption contributes to the macroeconomic
medium
medium
administrative
instability as well.
corruption
state capture
high
high
Data Source: BEEPS
Credibility of the State
As later chapters of the report will demonstrate, combating corruption requires strong and
credible political leadership. Yet this is precisely the aspect of the political system that is most
seriously undermined by administrative corruption and state capture. 24 The BEEPS data confirm
that approval ratings for the key institutions of government drop sharply with increasing levels of
state capture and administrative corruption: only 38 percent of firms in countries in the high-high
category of the typology expressed satisfaction with the political leadership, compared to 56
percent in the other transition countries. Firms in the high-high category also expressed the least
confidence in the capacity of the legal system to uphold their property and contract rights: 58
percent of firms in these countries complained of insecure property and contract rights, compared
to 35 percent of firms in the medium-medium category. Corruption erodes trust in the institutions
of state, which in turn weakens the state's capacity to fight corruption. A 1999 household survey
in the Slovak Republic confirms the point: respondents who believed that corruption was
widespread were more than twice as likely to doubt the credibility of the government's
anticorruption campaign than those who perceived corruption to be more limited. 25
23
A dangerous byproduct of this
Figure 2.6. Organized Crime as a Problem
erosion of trust is increasing crime.
Doing Business
Problems with both organized crime and
60%
street crime are highly correlated with
state capture and administrative
Percent of
firms with
corruption. As Figure 2.6 suggests, more
moderate to
serious
40%
than twice as many firms in countries in
problems with
organized
the high-high category identify organized
crime
crime as an obstacle to their business
20%
than in the medium-medium group of
high
high
countries.
administrative
state capture
medium
medium
corruption
Data Source: BEEPS
Ultimately, corruption, capture and
distrust feed on each other, deepening and entrenching the problems. If and when political
leaders committed to fighting corruption arrive on the scene, in many countries they face a
cynical population that has strong doubts about the credibility of the state. Where states have
been captured, reformers must overcome a deep chasm of distrust before an anticorruption
program can take hold. Yet by failing to address the problem of corruption, they are confronted
by a vicious circle of lower investment and growth, higher poverty and inequality, greater fiscal
imbalances, and weaker delivery of basic public services.
1
Studies include: Mauro (1995, 1997, 1998), Wei (1999a, 1999b, 2000), Campos, Lien, and Pradhan (1999),
Kaufmann (1997), Tanzi (1998), Tanzi and Davoodi (1997), Kaufmann and Wei (1999), Wei and Sievers (1999),
Johnson, Kaufmann, and Zoido-Lobaton (1998a), Johnson, Kaufmann, and Shleifer (1997), Gupta, Davoodi, and
Alonso-Terme (1998), Anderson and Marcouiller (1999).
2 Corruption is also a notorious deterrent of foreign direct investment. However, since foreign investment is often
motivated by abundance of natural resources, which is in turn associated with high levels of corruption, the
statistical relationship between foreign direct investment, capture, and corruption in transition countries is
ambiguous.
3
Gross domestic investment in 1997 was 27 percent of GDP in countries with medium levels of administrative
corruption and state capture, compared to 21 percent in countries with high levels. The difference is significant at
the 5 percent level in a pair-wise t-test.
4 In the BEEPS survey firms were asked how often they make unofficial payments to influence the content of laws,
decrees, or regulations. Responses to this question were used to identify "captor" firms, whose individual
performance can then be measured. Only a small share of firms (generally less than 5 per cent of the sample in each
country) reported engaging in capture. There is, however, a correlation between the number of firms that report
engaging in state capture and the number of firms that report experiencing a significant impact on their business
from state capture. See Hellman, Jones, and Kaufmann (2000a).
5
This remains true even after accounting for other factors, such as firm size, sector, ownership, and origin, that
influence firm performance.
24
6 Though it would be difficult to assert the direction of causality with certainty, there are indications that the gains to
firms come as a result of capture. First, bribing to influence rules and laws is more likely to be a voluntary
transaction between the firm and state officials and, hence, unlikely to be a form of direct extortion by state officials.
Thus, presumably, firms would not engage in it unless it brought clear advantages. Second, the gains to capture are
strongly influenced by the nature of the broader environment in which capture takes place. Capture is associated
with specific gains to captor firms only where some threshold of capture has been reached in the country. This
strengthens the view that capture actually generates such gains.
7
See Annex 1.
8
This section draws on Anderson and others (1999). See also Gupta, Davoodi, and Alonso-Term (1998), Dethier
(1999a, 1999b).
9
See Annex 1.
10 Treisman (2000) found evidence that economic development may lead to lower corruption.
11
Recent empirical studies on corruption's disproportionate impact on the poor include Knack and Anderson (1999)
and Gupta, Davoodi, and Alonso-Terme (1998). See also Narayan and others (2000) for the impact of corruption on
the poor in the words of the poor themselves.
12
The International Crime Victim Survey was carried out in transition countries in 1996 and 1997. Country-level
statistics are reported in Zvekic (1998).
13
Anderson, Dethier, Dudwick, Kuehnast, and Shkaratan (1999).
14 EBRD (1999) finds that for a given level of privatization the quality of governance in countries with relatively
low levels of capture is substantially higher than in countries with higher levels of state capture.
15
See Annex 1.
16
However, administrative corruption payments in the areas of tax and customs administration are often paid to
reduce the discretionary power of bureaucrats to levy taxes and customs rather than to reduce standardized tax and
customs levels.
17
In virtually every country where detailed surveys have been undertaken, the customs service is identified as an
organization in which bribes are frequently paid. Examples include Albania (Kaufmann, Pasha, Preci, Ryterman,
and Zoido-Lobaton (1998)), Georgia (Anderson, Azfar, Kaufmann, Lee, Mukherjee, and Ryterman (1999),
Tajikistan (Mirzoev (1999)), Ukraine (survey by "Intellectual Business Foundation," cited in Holovaty (2000)).
Even in more developed transition countries, customs is noted by enterprises as one of the organizations at which
bribery is common: Latvia (Anderson (1998)), and the Slovak Republic (Anderson (2000)).
18
See Annex 1.
19 Johnson, Kaufmann, and Shleifer (1997), Johnson, Kaufmann, and Zoido-Lobaton (1998a, 1998b), Schneider and
Enste (1998).
20 This vicious circle has been explored by Johnson, Kaufmann, and Shleifer (1997) and by Johnson, Kaufmann; and
Zoido-Lobaton (1998a and b). "The unofficial economy accounts for a larger share of GDP when there is higher
bureaucratic inefficiency and discretion, and also when firms experience a higher tax and regulatory burden and
more bribery and corruption."
21
Financial Times, April 3, 2000.
22
Anderson, Azfar, Kaufmann, Lee, Mukherjee, and Ryterman (1999).
23
Macroeconomic governance is an index measuring the extent to which policy instability, exchange rate instability,
and inflation are an obstacle to business. See EBRD (1999) "Transition Report 1999: Chapter 6 - Governance in
Transition" and Annex 1 for details.
24
The findings described here are consistent with recent empirical work showing that levels of trust are higher in
countries with lower levels of bribery. Zak and Knack (1998).
25
Anderson (2000).
Anticorruption in Transition
A Contribution to the Policy Debate
The World Bank
Washington, D.C.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword
vii
Acknowledgments
ix
Abbreviations
xi
Executive Summary
xiii
Chapter 1 The Level and Pattern of Corruption in the Transition Countries
1
The Extent of Corruption in the Transition Countries
6
Unbundling Corruption in Transition
7
Measuring Administrative Corruption
7
Measuring State Capture
9
Developing a Typology of Corruption in Transition
14
Chapter 2 The Economic and Social Consequences of Corruption in Transition Countries
18
Investment and Growth
18
Poverty.
20
Inequality
21
Fiscal Implications
21
Credibility of the State
22
Chapter 3 The Origins of Corruption in Transition Countries
25
Institutional Legacies
26
Economic Legacies
28
Transition Paths
29
The Redistribution of Assets
32
The Role of Foreign Investment and Assistance
33
Vicious or Virtuous Circle?
35
Chapter 4 A Multi-pronged Strategy for Combating Corruption
39
Increasing the Accountability of Political Leaders
40
Strengthening Institutional Restraints
41
Strengthening Civil Society Participation
44
The Role of the Media
46
Creating a Competitive Private Sector
47
Economic Policy Reform
48
Enhancing Competition
49
Regulatory Reform
49
Corporate Governance
50
Business Associations
51
Transnational Cooperation
51
Reforming Public Sector Management
52
The Multi-pronged Approach
56
Copyright © 2000
THE WORLD BANK
1818 H Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20433, USA
All rights reserved
Manufactured in the United States of America
First printing September 2000
1 2 3 4 03 02 01 00
The opinions expressed in this report do not necessarily represent the views of the World Bank or its member
governments. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts
no responsibility whatsoever for any consequence of their use.
The material in this publication is copyrighted. Requests for permission to reproduce portions of it should be sent to
the Office of the Publisher at the address shown in the copyright notice above. The World Bank encourages
dissemination of its work and will normally give permission promptly and, when the reproduction is for
noncommercial purposes, without asking a fee. Permission to copy portions for classroom use is granted through the
Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., Suite 910, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, Massachusetts 01923, USA.
ISBN 0-8213-4802-7
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data has been applied for.
iv
Chapter 5 Designing Effective Anticorruption Strategies
58
Medium State Capture/Medium Administrative Corruption
59
Medium State Capture/High Administrative Corruption
63
High State Capture/Medium Administrative Corruption
66
High State Capture/High Administrative Corruption
71
Implementing an Anticorruption Strategy
74
Common strategic challenges
75
Sequencing
77
Sustainability.
77
Chapter 6 Conclusion
79
References
82
Annex I Methodological Annex for Figures in the Text
89
List of Text Boxes
Box 1.1:
The Concept of State Capture
3
Box 1.2:
The Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey
5
Box 1.3:
Who Captures Whom?
9
Box 1.4:
Corruption When Transition is Stalled
11
Box 1.5:
Corruption in the Judiciary
14
Box 3.1:
Comparison of the Transition in Poland and Russia
30
Box 4.1:
Disclosures of Conflict of Interest
40
Box 4.2:
Political Party Financing: Experience And Mechanisms
42
Box 4.3:
Transparency and Recourse in Administrative Decisionmaking
43
Box 4.4:
Anti-money Laundering
44
Box 4.5:
Giving the People Voice
45
Box 4.6:
Challenges of Confronting State Capture in the Energy Sector
48
Box 4.7:
Regulatory Reform in Hungary, Poland, and the Czech Republic
50
Box 4.8:
Business Ethics
51
Box 4.9:
International Collective Action
52
Box 4.10:
Tackling Informal Payments with Structual Reforms in the Health Sector
55
Box 5.1:
Poland
62
Box 5.2:
Albania
65
Box 5.3:
Post-conflict Environments
68
Box 5.4:
Windows of Opportunity in Croatia and the Slovak Republic
69
Box 5.5:
Latvia
70
V
Box 5.6:
Azerbaijan
72
Box 5.7:
Russia
74
Box 5.8:
Diagnosing the Problem
76
Box 6.1:
Lessons from International Experience
80
List of Tables
Table 1.1
Share of Firms Affected by Different Forms of State Capture
13
List of Figures
Figure 1:
World-wide Perceptions of Corruption
xiv
Figure 2:
State Capture Index
xvi
Figure 3:
Administrative Corruption
xvii
Figure 4:
Typology of Corruption
xviii
Figure 5:
Resource Endowments and Corruption
XX
Figure 6:
Statehood and Corruption
XX
Figure 7:
Multi-pronged Strategy: Addressing State Capture and Administrative Corruption
xxii
Figure 1.1:
World-wide Perceptions of Corruption
6
Figure 1.2:
Administrative Corruption
8
Figure 1.3:
State Capture Index
13
Figure 1.4:
Typology of Corruption
15
Figure 2.1:
Corruption and Output Decline
19
Figure 2.2:
Corruption and Poverty
20
Figure 2.3:
Corruption and Income Inequality
21
Figure 2.4:
The Unofficial Economy
21
Figure 2.5:
Quality of Macroeconomic Governance
22
Figure 2.6:
Organized Crime as a Problem Doing Business
23
Figure 3.1:
Statehood and Corruption
27
Figure 3.2:
Habsburg Legacy and Corruption
27
Figure 3.3:
Democracy and Corruption
28
Figure 3.4:
Resource Endowments and Corruption
28
Figure 3.5:
Change in Leadership and Corruption
30
Figure 3.6:
Economic Reform and Civil Liberties and State Capture
31
Figure 3.7:
Foreign Direct Investment and Corruption
34
Figure 3.8:
Foreign Direct Investment in High-corruption Countries
35
Figure 3.9:
Variation Within and Between Sub-regions
35
Figure 4.1:
Multi-pronged Strategy: Addressing State Capture and Administrative Corruption
39
Figure 4.2:
Media Repression
47
Figure 4.3:
Business Associations and Corruption
51
Figure 6.1:
Change in the Extent of Bribery During the Last 5 Years
79